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EIGHTEENTH
ANNUAL REPORT
THE TRUSTEES
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL,
AT WORCESTER
DECEMBER, 1850,
BOS TON:
DUTTON AND WENTWORTH, STATE PRINTERS,
No. 37, Congress Street.
1851.
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EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
TRUSTEES OE THE STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL,
DECEMBER, 1850.
To His Excellency the Governor and the Honorable Council :
The Trustees of the State Lunatic Hospital respectfully submit their
Eighteenth Annual Report.
From the accompanying report of the Superintendent, it appears
that there were 429 patients in the Hospital at the commencement of
the past year ; that 241 patients were admitted and 229 discharged ;
that 670 persons thus became patients during the course of the year,
and that 441 remained such at its close. The largest monthly aver-
age is shown to be 454, (in August,) and the average for the year, 440.
The number of admissions is not so large as during each of the two
preceding years. The number of discharges is smaller. The number
and also the proportion of deaths is larger than in any preceding year.
The proportion of recoveries slightly exceeds the average of the entire
term of seventeen years during which the Hospital has been in operation.
Of the number of patients at the close of the year, 181 are state
paupers and 1G9 are foreigners. The statement of this fact discloses
a recent and rapid change in the character of the institution, which
should be duly regarded by the Legislature. As the institution ad-
vances in age, there is also, of necessity, a gradual accumulation of
incurable cases, in which discharges cannot properly be granted.
From the operation of these two causes, it is plain that, unless pro-
vision be made elsewhere, this Hospital, in a very few years, must be
appropriated to the accommodation of the incurable and of state pau-
pers, to the exclusion of almost all other patients.
As has been stated in former reports, the Hospital, with its succes-
sive enlargements, is fitted to accommodate not more than 375 patients.
It is seen that during the year the Superintendent has been obliged to
4 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
provide, as well as he could, for upwards of 450 patients, and there Is
every reason to suppose that the number will continue to increase.
The Trustees cannot recommend a further enlargement of the Hos-
pital ; but they deem it their duty to represent to the Legislature that
no such institution can be conducted as it should be, if required, for
any length of time, to receive more patients than can be suitably
accommodated. If another Hospital should be established, they would
respectfully suggest, that the important object of a classification of
patients may be more satisfactorily accomplished than it can be under
existing circumstances.
Except that it is overcrowded with patients, the Hospital is at this
time in a particularly satisfactory condition. The Trustees are not
aware of many important wants that remain to be supplied, as respects
the state of the buildings and grounds, or of any change which should
be made in the organization and administration of the government.
The completion of the new strong rooms for males and females has
accomplished all, which, as yet, seems to be practicable alike for the
security and comfort of the violent insane. The construction of addi-
tional clothes-rooms, and the extension and improved arrangement of
the fixtures in the laundry, have greatly facilitated the daily operations
in one of the most important of the interior departments. The intro-
duction of gas, if, at its present cost, it should not promote a diminu-
tion of expenditure, will undoubtedly prove, in other respects, the
most advantageous mode of lighting such an establishment.
The Trustees resident in Worcester have had the opportunity of
observing that the farm has been in all respects well managed, and the
results are fully exhibited in the Superintendent's report. It now con-
tains what is deemed a sufficient quantity of land ; and if it be not and
cannot be made a source of great profit, it is far from being a pecu-
niary burden, while it affords many conveniences and advantages
which experience constantly proves to be of great importance to a
hospital for the insane.
It has been an object of the Trustees, during the past year, to de-
vote a portion of the surplus earnings which had accumulated in the
treasury, to the comro.cncemcnt of some necessary repairs both within
and without the buildings. A good deal of work has been done in a
thorough manner under the supervision of the Superintendent, as is
shown in his report ; and, with a continuance of this policy for the
few next years, the buildings and grounds may be placed in a more
permanent good condition than has heretofore been aimed at.
The Treasurer's report will show that the receipts and expenditures
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 5
for the year have been nearly equal, the balance in the treasury at
the close of the year but slightly exceeding the balance at its com-
mencement. This balance must be materially reduced in providing
for the repairs which are contemplated ; but, in view of contingencies
always liable to occur, it is deemed important that it should not be
exhausted.
The rate of board of patients, as charged during the last, and estab-
lished for the next year, is $2.25 per week, — a rate as low as is con-
sistent with a pi'oper regard to comfortable accommodation and the
supply of good food, and which can only be maintained by the most judi-
cious and economical management on the part of the Superintendent.
The awful calamity which has recently occurred at the Insane Hos-
pital in Maine, makes it proper that the Trustees should represent to
the Legislature the means of guarding against and of escaping from
the dangers of fire, which are provided at this Hospital.
The Hospital establishment is so remote from other buildings that
there is no risk of fire unless it should originate upon its own premises.
It is scarcely possible that a fire should commence in any of the out-
buildings in the day-time, and at night no fires are kept there, and the
only lights used are lanterns of the safest construction, which are en-
trusted exclusively to careful attendants. Within the main buildings
no fires are kindled except in the furnaces placed in the basement, in
the cooking ranges in the kitchen, and in a few stoves in the central
building, in apartments occupied by ofiicers. The cooking ranges,
while they are in use, are under the supervision of attendants, and
they are so constructed and managed that they cannot be considered
as at all dangerous. There are fifteen furnaces ; and, upon a recent
reexamination, careful mechanics could not discover any cause of
danger, arising from their construction, location, or present want of
repair. There is no wood-work of any description which is connected
with the furnaces, or the smoke and warm-air flues proceeding there-
from. All the interior partitions in the halls, occupied by the patients,
are of brick, and have been plastered without the use of any wooden
furrings or laths. The furnace flues are built in connection with these
partitions, and, like them, are composed entirely of bn'ck, plastered
on both sides. The halls are now lighted with oil or gas, and, in a
short time, will be lighted exclusively with the latter. No lights are
carried about the house excepting lanterns, and these always in the
hands of officers or attendants. All lights, except in the apartments
occupied by officers, and in rooms of the sick under the care of
.attendants, are regularly extinguished at an early hour in the evening ;
6' STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
and, as soon as the lights are extinguished, the watchman commences
his nightly patrol, and is required during the night to visit every fur-
nace three or four times, and to perform such a course of examination,
both inside and outside of the buildings, that it would seem that he
must be seasonably apprized of any cause of danger.
If, however, under circumstances not foreseen, a fire should break
out in any part of the buildings, all ordinary, and some extraordinary,
means have been provided, for promptly arresting it ; and it is be-
lieved that, in any supposable case, it will not be difficult to put out a
fire, in whatever part of the Hospital, with very little delay after it is
discovered.
In various modes an inexhaustible supply of water may be availed
of, and it is scarcely possible that it should be cut off. Besides a rain-
water cistern of more than 2,C00 gallons, near the central building,
and a large well by the side of the south wing, an iron aqueduct, lead-
ing from a reservoir supplied by springs and elevated more than a
hundred feet above the site of the Hospital, has been conducted within
the premises, and is made to keep constantly filled six cisterns, each
of the capacity of 400 gallons, which are placed at intervals in the
attic story, and can be easily reached in several directions,. If a fire
should commence anywhere upon the inside in the vicinity of the
roof, an abundance of water may be at once obtained from these cis-
terns for the purpose of extinguishing it. Water from this aqueduct is
also conveyed in pipes into every part of the Hospital, and is delivered
by taps and faucets in every hall, so that each attendant can have
immediate access to it.
In addition to the Hospital aqueduct, a branch of the city aqueduct,
proceeding from a reservoir of still greater elevation and capacity, has
been brought near the eastern entrance, and a hydrant, connected with
it, occupies a convenient position not far distant from the central build-
ing. A hose is fitted to this hydrant, of sufficient length to be so
placed that it will throw a large volume of water upon any part of the
roof of even the most remote wing. The management of the hose,
as connected with the hydrant, is entrusted to a portion of the subordi-
nate officers and attendants, who are specially detailed for this duty,
and are regularly trained, by formal practice at least once a month, to
the efficient pcrfotmance of it. It is expected of the hose-men, as
soon as an alarm of fir", is given, to get out the hose-cart immediately,
and to connect the hose ^yith the hydrant ; and they are to ren-wiin in
readiness to operate the hose in any direction, at the instant of receiv-
ing an order from the Superintendent. If every other resource should
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 7
fail, it would seem that the use of the hose alone might be sufficient to
put out a fire anywhere, even after it should have made considerable
progress. Its working power is much superior to that of any engine,
and a much smaller amount of labor is sufficient to manage it.
The Hospital is thus shown to possess within itself ample means of
protection against fire. But' it is not required to rely upon itself alone.
Although sufficiently removed from other buildings to be in no danger
from a fire originating elsewhere, it is still situated near the centre of
the city of Worcester, and can always command, at the shortest no-
tice, the services of a numerous and efficient fire department, with its
engines, ladders, and other apparatus, as well also as the active ser-
vices of a large population, no where exceeded in skill, energy, and
public spirit. Suction engines may be at once attached to the city
hydrants in front of the Hospital, and a sufficient quantity of hose will
always be in readiness to conduct water from that direction to any
and all parts of the establishment.
With such a variety of resources at command, the Trustees have
come to the conclusion that no reasonable apprehension can be enter-
tained of the security of this Hospital against fire. If a fire should
occur and make extensive progress, it would in most cases be practi-
cable, with judicious arrangements on the part of the officers, to re-
move the patients and prevent the loss of life. The Superintendent
has carefully considered supposable contingencies, and, as far as pos-
sible, is prepared to overcome all difficulties which can be anticipated.
The report of the Superintendent will enable the Legislature and
the public to understand, — in respect even to the most minute de-
tails,— in what manner and with what success the administration of
the Hospital has been conducted by Dr. Chandler. The Trustees are
unanimous in expressing their entire satisfaction with his discharge of
the very arduous duties that have devolved upon him. That the health
and comfort of the patients have been in all respects provided for ;
that the medical treatment has been judicious and skilful ; that quiet
and good order have been steadily maintained ; that the most exact
regularity has been enforced in every department ; and that the ex-
penditures have been in all respects sufficiently economical, the Trus-
tees entertain not the slightest doubt. They have not received a com-
plaint of neglect or mismanagement from any quarter ; and the rela-
tions between the Superintendent and subordinate officers, and between
both of them and the patients, are manifestly such as indicate the
prevalence of mutual respect and good will, and of moi'e than usual
readiness to sympathize and cooperate with each other. The Trustees
8 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
are satisfied that the subordinate officers generally deserve the com-
mendation which is bestowed upon them by the Superintendent.
It deserves also to be stated, in this connection, that the relations
between the Hospital and the citizens of Worcester continue to be,
as they have always been, entirely amicable and harmonious. The
patients, as they pass through the streets, seldom suffer any annoy-
ance, or are treated otherwise than with courtesy and kindness ; there
are no attempts to commit trespasses or make disturbances within the
Hospital enclosures ; and many proofs are afforded of the deep inter-
est which is generally felt in the success of the institution, and the
welfare of its inmates.
This Hospital has been in successful operation for the period of
eighteen years. Not less than 3,598 patients have been admitted ;
366 have died ; 6 have eloped ; 1,691 have been " discharged recov-
ered ;" 456 have been " discharged improved ;" and 648, " not im-
proved,'''' and for the most part incurable, have been sent away to be
taken care of by their friends, or in county asylums, or town alms-
houses, either upon the application of those interested in their welfare
or liable for their support, or because the Trustees found it necessary
to direct their removal as the only means of making room for other
patients entitled to admission, and who might prove to be " curable.''''
Of the whole number received into the Hospital, 2,445 have been
committed by order of the courts, and 1,153 have been taken as pri-
vate boarders. It will be seen upon referring to the tables, that the
proportion of the sexes has been singularly equal, alike in respect to
the number of admissions, the number of discharges, and the number
of recoveries. The number of " single" patients is also shown to be
^just about equal to the number of those who were at the time or had
been married. In point of age, there have been during almost every
year a few patients upwards of 70, and occasionally some upwards of
80 years old ; a small number, averaging, of late, from 15 to 20 annu-
ally, under 20 years of age ; while the large remainder is variously
distributed amongst intervening periods, the principal part appcanng
. to have been between 20 and 50 years of age. Of the whole number
of deaths, 17 have been caused by suicide, and 349 by the several
diseases which arc specified in Table 13, included in the Superintend-
ent's Report. The causes of the insanity of patients for the term of
18 years are carefully detailed in Tables 7 and 8, and the average
annual number of cases attributable to the more prominent causes is
shown in Table 15. It is gratifying to perceive that the proportion of
cases produced by intemperance and vice has been strikingly dimin-
ished during the last few years.
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 9
The total amount of "current expenses" for eighteen years, is
.$544,967 52, averaging $118 75 annually for each patient. Under
this head are included all expenses paid for the support of the Hos-
pital, with the exception of what have been defrayed by special appro-
priations made by the Legislature for the purchase of land and the
erection of buildings, and the payment of the salaries of Superintend-
ent, one Assistant Physician, Treasurer, Steward and Matron. To
compare the last year with the first, the amount of expenditure has
increased from $12,272 91 to $46,776 13, while the average number
of patients has advanced from 107 to 440.
The several visitations required by law, — monthly, semi-annual and
annual, — have been performed by the Board, and the usual record has
been made of them.*
The Hospital has been fortunately, thus far, under the charge of
but two superintendents. The death of Dr. Woodward, which oc-
cured during the last year, is properly referred to in the report of Dr.
Chandler. The fidelity of friendship is not more conspicuous than
the love of truth and an accurate discrimination of character in
the tribute which is therein recorded to the memory of one of the
best of men. This Hospital may henceforth be regarded, and, by the
grateful hearts of a long succession of trustees, officers and patients,
it will be always recognized, as the Woodward Monument. The
evidence of what he was and what he did for the institution is indeli-
bly inscribed upon all its buildings and all its grounds. The influence
of his presence is still felt in every ward, in every workshop, in the
office, the chapel, the kitchen, the laundry, the garden, and the fields.
The benediction of his smile is scarcely yet withdrawn from the
gloomiest cell ; while the results of his judicious arrangements, and
the manifold proofs of his practical wisdom, are and must long con-
tinue to be everywhere discernible. In the connection in which the
subject is now introduced, the Trustees are prompted to acknowledge
that he performed one of his most important benefactions to the Hos-
pital in training for its service a worthy successor.f
* A large part of the time and labor necessary for this purpose is exacted of the resident
members of the Board ; and it well becomes their associates, in reference to this and many
other duties, to concur with the Superintendent in making a due acknowledgment of the
cheerfulness with which they assumed their greatly disproportionate share of the burthens of
the past year, and of the remarkable fidelity with which they discharged all the trusts de-
volving upon them. S. C. P.
W. A.
E. H. K.
t The follo>\ing extract from the Record of the Monthly Visitation, immediately succeed-
ing the death of Dr. Woodward, Is a " memorial" such as might be expected from a former
2
10 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
The Superintendent has seen fit to refer in respectful terms to the
successive Boards of Trustees with whom he has been officially con-
nected, and especially to commemorate the merits and services of
those members who have ceased to be among the living. As the entire
catalogue of Trustees is exhibited in the annual report, it is shown to
member of the Board of Trustees, than whom none knew Dr. Woodward more thoroughly,
or had cooperated with him more efficiently in the service of the Hospital : —
" January 7, 1850.
" It is proper that this record should contain a memorial of a recent event of Providence,
which deeply interests the feelino^s, not only of all concerned in the administration of this
Hospital and of all who are or have been recipients of its benefits, but of the friends of Ihe
insane within this Commonweallh, and throughout and beyond the extent of our country.
" On the 3d inst. at 6 o'clock, P. M., Hon. Samuel Bayard Woodward, the first Superin-
tendent of this Hospital, died at his residence at Northampton. For several weeks he had
sufiered successive attacks of the severely painful disease which affected him while at the
Hospital. By these attacks, it is understood that his constitution seemed to be so impaired,
that a restoration to his former health was not confidently expected ; but the immediate
cause of his death was found to be the rupture of an aneurism of the aorta, just above the
diaphragm.
" Dr. Woodward was born at Torringford, Conn., on the 10th of June, 1787. In early life
ho established an extensive medical practice in Wcathersfield, Conn., and the adjacent towns,
with great success and reputation. In the year 1830, the confidence of his fellow-citizens
called him to the civil service of his native Slate in the office of a member of the State
Senate. He directed his studies to the subject of insanity, and had considerable experience
in the treatment of mental disease before he v.as connected with this Hospital. He was
appointed Superintendent on the 2Cth of September, 1832, before the Hospital was opened
for patients, and continued in office till June 30th, 1846, — a term of nearly fourteen years, — in
which he applied to his laborious duties all the powers of his body and his mind with little
indulgence for social pleasure or domestic comfort, or even for the demands of exhausted
nature or painful disease. At the date of his resignation, he had had charge In the Hospital
of 2642 patients, of whom nearly all received perceptible benefit, and more than half the
number should pray for blessings on him, as one who had raised them from death to life.
The system of this Hospital was in many respects peculiar and new, and it was chiefly
instituted liy him. His example has always been recognized here as a perpetual presence
by his worthy successor, who carries on the same good work with distinguished ability and
success. His copious reports, which were appropriate to such an institution, and his occa-
sional writings, gave him authority and wide-spread influence, and he had the happiness to
sec the fruits of his benevolent labors in other institutions established or improved in ac-
cordance with his wise suggestions, and in the progress of more correct opinions on the
subject of insanity.
" For the important office of a superintendent of a hospital for the insane, Dr. Woodward
had extraordinary (luallfications in his person, his disposition and his mind. Ilis person was
a rare model of strength and manly beauty. On his brow sat courtesy and command in
entire harmony, and it is no exaggeration to say, that his form and carriage were majestic.
His stature was 6 feet 2^ inches, and, without the deformity of obesity, his weight was 260
pounds. His temper was benevolent, liberal, sanguine, decided, and persevering. He un-
derstood readily the characters of men, had great power over their feelings, and easily
gained their confidence and love. He was prompt and systematic in business, and unspar-
ing in labor. His mind was of a practical character. His powers of observation were
vigilant and discriminating } and expression and life rather than books were the chosen sub-
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 11
have been the privilege of many distinguished citizens to share the
labors and responsibilities, and therewith the peculiar satisfactions and
even pleasures, inseparable from the office. Called upon, as they are,
to act as the Christian representatives of the State government in rela-
tion to a class of citizens who can hope for nothing except from a gov-
ernment which recognizes Christian duties, appointed always in disre-
gard of political and religious divisions, and subject, of course, to the
influence of none other than the highest and purest motives, and the
most interesting and agreeable associations, all who hold the office
may congratulate themselves upon the true honor to which they have
attained, as well as upon the opportunity of usefulness which is placed
within their reach. The Superintendent has made a just acknowl-
edgment of the extent to which this opportunity was improved by
the deceased ex-members of the Board. Their memory is blessed by
the labors which they performed in behalf of this institution, and their
example remains for the guidance and encouragement of all succes-
sors. As, under the salutary operation of the peculiar organization of
the Board, each member in his turn is expected to retire from this
important sphere of duty, it is gratifying to reflect that he may always
carry away with him the assurance, that, whatever service has been
faithfully undertaken here, cannot, through the kindness with which it
is regarded, have been rendered in vain.
In conclusion, the Trustees earnestly commend a favorite institution
of the people to the continued support of the Legislature. May the
blessing of Heaven rest upon the Hospital, and upon all who are, or
shall become, connected with it, as trustees, officers, attendants or
patients ; and may it prove to be the constant effect of the various
jects of his studies. Hence his thoughts had a freshness and confidence of truth, which car-
ried them to the hearts of men. Ail that he learnt he kept in readiness for use, and he en-
forced his arguments with copious illustrations. His quick invention, under the control of
sound judgment and common sense, gave him abundant resources for the many exigencies
of his arduous office. His attention was not confined to the circle of his own pursuits.
Being a watchful observer of the signs of the times, he was ready to give his sympathy and
aid to such objects as he approved. He retired with a physical system wasted and disor-
dered by the labors and anxieties, inseparable from his position here, to a beautiful estate at
Northampton, where, for a time, he seemed to find the benefit which he sought. He had the
care of several unfortunate victims of mental disease, and still continued his studies in the
science in which he was so eminent, and was sought, for his wise counsels, in ordinary medi-
cal practice, as he had been in all his industrious life. Highly blessed in his domestic rela-
tions and in the large circle of his friendship, prosperous in the great objects of his life,
and beloved and honored in the world, he was called away, when the cup of his earthly hap-
piness was full. While we mourn the loss of our friend and guide, strangers will unite
their voices with ours to lament that the presence and example of the strong reaper has been
removed, though the rich harvest of his good work remains."
(Signed) Stephen Salisburt.
12 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
relations which are sustained here to promote the diffusion of benevo-
lent sentiments, to facilitate the interchange of kind offices, to strengthen
the ties of human brotherhood, and thus to contribute to the distinctive
glory of Massachusetts as a Christian Commonwealth !
(Signed,) STEPHEN C. PHILLIPS,
WILLIAM APPLETON,
LEVI LINCOLN,
ENSIGN H. KELLOGG,
JOHN S. C. KNOWLTON.
State Lunatic Hospital, \
Idth December, 1850. ]
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
13
TREASURER'S REPORT
To His Excellency the Governor, and the Honorable Executive Council
of Massachusetts :
The Treasurer of the State Lunatic Hospital, as required by law,
presents the following Report on the finances of the institution : —
The balance in the hands of the Treasurer, as stated in
his last report, was .......
Received within the year ending November 30, 1850,
from the State, for the support of lunatic paupers, and
from cities, towns and individuals, ....
Received for articles sold, and accounted for by the
steward, .........
$14,134 28
48,050 33
286 33
$62,470 94
The expenditures in the year ending November 30, 1850, have been
as follows : —
For salaries, wages and labor, ..... $11,655 74
Improvements and repairs, ...... 3,303 56
Furniture, clothing, &c., 3,268 04
Fuel— Wood, 626 cords, . . . $3,028 54
Coal, 222/^ tons,, . . . 1,532 40
Charcoal, 2756 bushels, . . 323 25
Gas light, including pipes and apparatus,
Provisions — Flour, 573 barrels, .
Meal, 1,044 bushels, .
Rice, 3,105 pounds, .
Biscuit, . . . . . ^
Potatoes, 1,796 bushels.
Beans, 20 bushels, .
Apples, $774 79 ; other fresh fruits.
Butter, 24,737 pounds.
Cheese, 10,463 pounds,
Lard, 730 pounds, .
Salt fish, 10,100 pounds, .
$118
90,
4,884 19
878 76
3,586 32
781 95
136 74
174 63
822 43
35 87
893 69
4,129 43
598 69
59 18
299 62
14
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
Mackerel and halibut, .... $56 75
Fresh fish, 2,937 pounds, .... 88 14
Beef and pork, 67,035 pounds, . . . 4,357 28
Salt pork and hams, 3,304 pounds, . . 262 50
Poultry, 799 pounds, .... 87 89
Molasses and syrup, 1,551 gallons, . . 428 43
Honey, 159 gallons, .... 93 80
Sugar, 22,512 pounds, .... 1,55483
Tea, 1,615 pounds, 549 10
Coffee, 1,122 pounds, .... 491 38
Small groceries and fruits, . . . 220 72
Vinegar and cider, . . . . . 137 26
Salt, 44 22
Medical supplies, drugs, &c , . . . . . 364 93
Soap, $109 52 ; lime, $77 12 ; starch, $29 80, . . 216 44
Stationary, books, &c., . . . . . . 63 02
Freight of wood and other articles, . . . . 443 80
Straw, 46,700 pounds, 167 79
Trustees' expenses, ....... 32 00
Music and clerk-hire, $15 04 ; expenses of chaplain, $29 92, 44 96
Expenses of officers in travelling on business of the
Hospital, $47 84 ; in recovering elopers, $15 95, .
Postage, .........
Sexton's bills, ........
Removal of persons deceased, and charges placed to
accounts of patients, ......
Six cows, $198 50 ; oxen, $90 ; bull, $25; ten pigs, $148 44,
Damage for diverting water by aqueduct, paid Wm. Hovey,
63 79
32 04
365 00
139 28
461 94
500 00
Balance, November 30th, 1850,
$46,776 13
15,694 81
$62,470 94
Of the appropriation for the construction of additional
Strong Rooms in the Hospital, the balance on hand,
November 30th, 1849, was $4,742 98
The expenditures of the year have been, . . . 3,731 29
The balance unexpended is . . . . $ 1 ,0 1 1 69
Respectfully submitted,
SAM'L J^NNISON, Treasureh.
Worcester, Dec. 17, 1850.
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 15
SUPEHINTENDENT'S REPORT.
Eighteenth Annual Report of the Superintendent to the Trustees of the
State Lunatic Hospital.
Gentlemen : — Another year of Hospital life has passed. Like
those that preceded it, general prosperity and increasing numbers have
marked its progress. Many of its details will be succinctly presented
in this report. To sustain us in meeting and passing through the daily
trials of our station, we have cherished an enduring faith that the All-
wise Disposer of events would certainly crown well-directed efforts
with success. Although many things have turned out differently from
what we could have wished, the general result is all we dared to
expect.
My assistants in the various departments of the institution have been
competent to their duties and willing to afford all necessary aid in its
management. When faithfully performed, their duties are sufficiently
arduous and peculiarly trying to their patience. We have been fortu-
nate in our selection of them from the many who have applied with
the offer of their services. Their pecuniary compensation is not large,
but the pleasure of doing good to our neighbor is, with many, one of
the strongest incentives to action.
I am under great obligations of respect and gratitude to the present
and former members of your Board, for their ready counsel and advice
in the direction of the affairs of this Hospital. While the confidence
you have seen fit to repose in my suggestions and opinions, in matters
relating to this Hospital, has been encouraging to me, it has, at the
same time, increased the weight of responsibility I feel in superintend-
ing this arduous trust. Those residing near this institution I call upon
almost daily, with business relating to its inmates, the buildings, or its
grounds. I have often been surprised to see with what cheerfulness
business men can lay aside their own private engagements to attend
gratuitously to that of the public. Whole days have been spent here
in the duties of your office. The records show that this Hospital has,
for eighteen years, been visited, and the visit recorded for every cal-
endar month, by some member or members of your Board. While
additions to the establishment, or improvements on an extensive scale
were being made, — and such has been the case almost every year, —
your whole Board, or a majority of its members, have visited the Hos-
16 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
pital several times during the year.. From two to three hours is the
shortest time in which you have been able to accomplish your monthly
visits through the wards. It is a duty upon which the success and good
repute of the institution very much depends, and should therefore be
done. For this to them not always a pleasant duty, this State has
thus far been fortunate in obtaining the gratuitous services of some
of her best citizens.
Four of the former members of your Board have been taken from
among the living. The Hon. Bezaleel Taft, Jr., of Uxbridge, the
Hon. E. D. Bangs and William Lincoln, Esq., of Worcester, and the
Hon. Daniel P. King, of Danvers. Mr. Taft was one of the commis-
sioners for building, and did much towards erecting the original Hos-
pital. He was faithful to his trust, for no addition to it, since, shows
better material or more faithful workmanship. Now, after eighteen
years of hard usage, his works here do praise him.
He assisted in locating and erecting the building, and in putting it in
successful operation, and then watched its progress for one year, when
his commission expired by law.
Mr. Bangs had just retired from the office of Secretary of this State
when he entered upon the duties of Trustee. He was removed by
death in 1838, a few months after his appointment, but not until his
courtesy and attention to the duties of his office gave large promise of
future usefulness.
Mr. Lincoln was a very attentive Trustee to all the duties. He
urged the keeping of the various statistics of insanity, and, through
his agency, the Meteorological Table was commenced at this Hospital.
He died a few years after his commission expired.
Mr. King has just died. He was veiy much interested in this insti-
tution, and, while an officer, was attentive to its duties. He was chair-
man of your Board in 1843, and wrote the report of that year. Since
that time, until his death, he took frequent opportunities of forwarding,
for the use of our patients, valuable public documents which his posi-
tion in Congress enabled him to obtain.
Since my last report an afflictive dispensation of Providence has
occurred, which my feelings prompt me to notice here. Doct. Sa^nuel
Bayard Woodward, my predecessor in office, and, for more than nine
years, my superior and instructor, died at his pleasant residence "in
Northampton, Mass., to which place he retired in July, 1846. Dr.
Woodward died on the third of January, 1850, suddenly, of the rup-
ture of a blood vessel just above the diaphragm. But he had, for sev-
eral weeks, suffisred severely from repeated attacks of the same dis-
ease that had for years afflicted him, and in consequence of which he
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 17
and his friends felt it to be his duty, to himself and his family, to retire
from the service of this Hospital. The liver was found, on post-
mortem examination, to be the principal seat of organic disease. The
acute attacks of pain in the bowels he had been afflicted with for
years, resembling bilious colic, were probably caused by gall-stones
passing through the gall-duct. In one of so keen susceptibility of the
nervous system as he was, these attacks are exquisitely painful.
It was strongly hoped that relief from these dangerous attacks would
follow the relinquishment of his arduous duties here. For six or eight
years they had been increasing in frequency and severity. Partial
amendment of his general health had followed in two or three instances
of temporary absence from his duties, but a feeling of responsibility
would attach itself to him, and his mind would be employed about the
affairs of the Hospital although his body was absent. As it was an-
ticipated by his friends and himself, his health was better after leaving
this Hospital and engaging moderately in the general practice of his
profession, to which he was ardently devoted. But even away from
all care and responsibility of this institution, he found the slightest ex-^
posure would endanger a relapse of his malady. This led his profes-
sional brethren to fear organic lesions of important internal organs,
which the sad results proved too true.
Dr. Woodward was born in Torrington, Conn., June 10th, 1787. He
early adopted the profession of his father, who was a physician of that
place, and a most respectable man. At the age of twenty-one years he
was prepared and settled himself in the practice of medicine in Weathers-
field, Conn., where he soon obtained the confidence of the community,
and where, for nearly twenty years, he was the sole physician for about
three thousand people. His ofiice was the greatest resort in that vicinity
for young men who wished to enter the profession. He was one of the
medical examiners of the Medical School at Yale College. In 1830
he held a seat in the Senate of his native State. He was very efficient
in establishing the Retreat at Hartford, Conn,, and he was one of the
medical visiters of that institution while he remained in that vicinity.
His attention was called to this special department of' his profession
by the occurrence of several cases of insanity in his own practice and
that of his professional brethren whose adviser he was. The difficulty
of managing these cases in their private practice led Dr, Woodward
and his particular friend. Dr. Eli Todd, to take the first step towards the
establishment of the Retreat. Before coming to this Hospital he was
known as one of the few physicians who had paid particular attention
■ to the subject of insanity, for some negotiations had taken place for
his taking charge of the Retreat, but which he overruled in favor of
3
18 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
Dr. Todd, to whom he always referred as the wisest manager of the
insane, and the one who first carried out most fully the modern reform '
in their treatment, — the law of love and kindness. Afterwards, some
steps were taken for Dr. Woodward's going to the Asylum for the
Insane at Bloomingdale, N, Y.
Such was the state of affairs when the first Board of Trustees of
this Hospital most fortunately, for the honor of this Commonwealth
and for the poor insane, consulted Dr. Todd about taking charge of this
Hospital. Dr. Todd, knowing the man and his extraordinary qualifi-
cations for the place, at once recommended Dr. Woodward to their
favorable consideration, and when appointed Superintendent urged him
to accept the office. He was appointed Superintendent in September,
1832, and came to Worcester in December following, and moved into
the Hospital as soon as some of the rooms could be furnished for
the reception of his family. On the 19th of January, 1833, the first
patient was brought to the Hospital while the mechanics were still at
work upon the interior. He retired on the 30th of June, 1846, after
having spent more than thirteen years of the best portion of his life in
the laborious and perplexing duties of this Hospital. He was a noble
specimen of his race, and he had many qualifications which peculiarly
fitted him for the office of Superintendent of a Hospital for the Insane.
His personal appearance was large, and his carriage was truly majes-
tic. He was erect and rather full in his figure, but his motions were
quick and graceful. Although very civil and accessible to all, he
seemed born to command. Dignity, and ever-enduring cheerfulness, sat
upon his countenance, and betokened the serenity of mind and a happy
state of feelings within. Several of his elderly personal friends have
mentioned to the writer of this, that they had often been struck with
the close resemblance of Dr. Woodward, in his physical man, to that
of the Father of his country.
Dr. Woodward was well fitted to commence this then almost new
^department of philanthropic labor. His education ; his experience on
the subject of insanity ; his ardent temperament ; his business habits ;
his knowledge of men ; his benevolent spirit ; his habit of looking
upon the bright side of human nature ; his perseverance and his noble
ipersonal appearance all conspired to sustain and carry him success-
fully through an undertaking beset with manifold difficulties.
His powers of observation were great, and he readily understood
the character of men with whom he came in contact, and perceived
quickly the true relations of things. He was systematic in his busi-
iness and energetic in the execution of his plans. He was industrious
and untiring in his labors.
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 19
In his intercourse with others he was dignified, courteous, and pleas-
ing. He was very social, and soon gained the confidence of those
around him. The insane as well as the sane were always gratified by
being in his presence.
His mind was eminently practical and ready. Whatever he had
learned from books or from observation of nature, was always at his
command. He was apt and full in his illustrations drawn from his
experience. His temperament was sanguine, ardent and cheerful,
never desponding. He remarked to the writer of this, that he " always
felt cheerful." He had a remarkable power of sympathizing with
others in their feelings, and of communing with their minds and of
controlling their actions.
By his labors here, and in his Annual Reports to your Board, he did
much to disseminate correct views on the subject of insanity in this
whole community, and improve the management of the insane. He
favored such of the benevolent movements of the day as tended to
elevate his fellow-man and improve his condition. By a large circle
of persons, now in the use and enjoyment of sound minds, he will be
particularly and affectionately remembered as the honored instrument
of their recovery of themselves. By all who were any way asso-
ciated with him, he will be remembered as the wise counsellor and
most agreeable companion. By those who shall come after us, he
will be regarded as one of the noblest benefactors of his day.
That his value was appreciated by his friends and the then Trustees,
in their private capacity, was manifest in their obtaining, at a cost
of about one hundred and fifty dollars, by one of the best masters,
a portrait of him, to be always kept in the Hospital with which his
fame is so closely associated. He was at the time fifty-two or three
years old, with physical powers in full vigor, and mental well ma-
tured. It is a faithful likeness of one who has done the State that
adopted him imperishable honor. It is hoped that this portrait will
never be removed from this institution, where its original, for more
than thirteen years, labored so successfully to string anew the jarring
sense of his fellow-man, but will remain as an honorable testimonial
of his public labors.
A marble bust of Dr. Woodward, costing about $700, obtained after
his labors closed here, by many of the citizens of this place, to be
always kept in the Hospital also, bears testimony to the value with
which his labors were held and his memory cherished in this vicinity.
The bust is an exact figure of the original as he was when he lived
and swayed, with his noble mind, this vast household.
20
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73
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i(^ lO in in >o ifi 10 m 10 >o m m 10
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STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
39
ooooooooooooo
T3 — -D'c'c-o-c-D-a'D-o'a-o
E O O O O O O
H T-( -n T-^ T-i -1-: -r-:
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tosis~it~e<ie^'-H— <oooccc---H
^■o ^
7>r7 r^ O O C rr O O C r^ O O O
Vjl^WT3T3-0"13'CB'-''C'0'a
3; QJ Qj 03 05
J= J= J= ^ A
^-M £ -
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C 3 c 3 3-T =i=-^ C = O-O
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oOOOOOOOOOOOOO
COCOCCCCCOC^ClinmC^C^CDCDO
lO lO O O lO ^ O O "O O O O »0 lO
40
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
TABLE 1.
Showing the Admissions from each County the last and previous years.
Barnstable, -
Berkshire, ~
Bristol,
Dukes,
Essex,
Franklin,
Hampden, -
Hampshire, -
Middlesex, -
Nantucket, -
Norfolk,
Plymouth, -
Suffolk,
Worcester, -
Other States,
Males,
Females, -
2
6
Males,
Females, -
3
3
Males,
Females, -
2
8
Males,
Females, -
1
0
Males,
Females, -
20
9
Males,
Females, -
3
2
Males,
Females, -
6
7
Males,
Females, -
3
2
Males,
Females, -
15
25
Males,
Females, -
0
0
Males,
Females, -
22
14
Males,
Females, -
9
8
Males,
Females, -
12
5
Males,
Females, -
30
24
Males,
Females, -
0
0
1850.
10
29
13
40
36
17
17
54
241
Previously.
85
105
208
14
428
88
162
155
374
26
401
332
816
10
3357
93
111
218
15
457
93
175
160
414
26
437
153 170
349
870
10
3598
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
41
TABLE 2.
Showing the Admissions and State of the Hospital^ from December
\st, 1849, to November 30th, 1850.
Patients in the Hospital, Decem-
Committed by Overseers of the
ber 1st, 1849,
429
Poor,
16
Males, - - 220
Males, - - 4
Females, - 209
Females, - 12
Patients admitted in course of
Private boarders on bonds.
31
the year, _ _ _ -
241
Males, - - 12
Males, - - 129
Females, - 19
Females, - 112
Whole nmnber in the Hospital in
course of the year,
670
Foreigners — ^those who have no
Males, - - 349
legal residence in this State —
Females, - 321
admitted during the year.
Males, - - 48
95
Patients remaining in the Hospi-
Females, - 47
tal, November 30th, 1850, -
441
Males, - - 228
Foreigners discharged during the
Females, - 213
year, _ - - - .
Males, - - 31
Females, - 27
Foreigners remaining in the Hos-
58
Of the admissions, there were
cases of less duration than one
pital at the end of the year, -
169
year, - - - - -
155
Males, - - 80
Males, - - 83
Females, - 89
Females, - 72
81
Of one year and more,
Males, - - 41
State paupers remaining in the
Females, - 40
Hospital at the end of each
year, as near as they can be
Cases the duration of whose in-
ascertained: —
sanity before admission not as-
N0=
certained, - - - -
5
1842, - - - .
34
Males, - - 5
1843, - - - -
38
Females, - 0
1844, ... -
38
1845, - - - .
57
1846, - - _ -
'sa
1847,' - - - -
121
Patients committed by Courts, -
194
1848, - - - -
150
Males, - - 115
1849, - . . -
167
Females, - 79
1850, - - - -
181
42
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
TABLE 3.
Showing the number of Discharges and Deaths, and the condition of
those who left the Hospital, from December 1st, 1849, to November
30th, 1850.
i
A
2.
%
120
109
229
Recov-
ered.
Improv-
ed.
Incurable
and
harmless.
tncurable
md dan-
gerous.
Deaths.
1
1
"3
A
1
o
si
1
o
H
3
o
E-i
3
t
Patients discharged,
Males, - - -
Females,
60
65
125
11
4
15
17
11
28
3
1
4
29
28
57
120
109
Recent cases — less than
one year — discharged,
Males, - - -
Females,
54
60
114
45
54
99
3
0
3
2
1
3
0
0
0
4
5
9
54
60
Chronic cases — one year
and more — discharged.
Males, - - -
Females,
62
49
111
13
11
24
8
4
12
15
10
25
3
1
4
23
23
46
62
49
Patients discharged, the
duration of whose dis-
ease not ascertained.
Males, - - -
Females,
4
0
4
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
4
0
229
125
15
28
4
57
229
As the Hospital has been so much crowded for some years past, the
discharges must correspond very nearly with the admissions. Two
hundred and twenty-nine have been discharged, of whom one hundred
and twenty-five have recovered and returned to their families and
former pursuits. Fifteen have left with some amendment of their
condition, but not fully restored. The courts' have discharged some
whose condition had not essentially changed by their residence here.
When patients have, in my opinion, become rational and able to con-
trol their actions, I have recommended them to the favorable consider-
ation of two or more members of your Board for permission to let
them leave the Hospital. Sometimes the friends have urged their
leaving the Hospital before we had become fully satisfied that it was
for the best good of the patient to do so. In some instances of this
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
43
kind where the cause of their commitment, the violence of their mal-
ady, had ceased, I have complied with the wishes of friends and
recommended the discharge of the patient. It is not uncommon for
persons who, as we supposed, left the Hospital nearly or quite recov-
ered, to feel and afterwards say, that they left too soon. On the trial
they found they had not regained sufficient strength of mind and body
to meet and endure the vicissitudes of a business life. But we are
happy to know that most of those, who left the Hospital as recovered,
continue in the enjoyment of their reason.
TABLE 4.
Shomng the number of Admissions and Discharges, and the average
number in the Hospital, each month in the year.
December, 1849,
January, 1850,
February, "
March, "
April, «
May, «
June, "
July,
August, "
September, "
October, "
November, "
Average for the year,
Monthly Av-
erage.
432
435
440
437
435
435
430
445
454
450
444
444
440
Admisi^ions.
Discharges.
19
16
21
10
7
16
22
19
22
23
18
23
24
19
26
13
27
21
17
30
21
17
17
23
44
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
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1— 1 (71 1— 1 I— 1
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00
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STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
45
TABLE 6.
Showing the whole number of Residents during each year, the average
numher each year, the number at the end of each year, and the Ex-
penses of each of the seventeen years the Hospital has been in ope-
ration.
Whole No. of
Number at
The Tear.
Eesidents dur-
Average No.
the end of each
Current Expenses
Annual Expense
ing the year.
each year.
year.
of each year.
per Patient.
1833
153
107
114
#12,272 91
#114 67
1834
233
117
118
15,840 27
135 38
1835
241
120
119
16,576 44
137 30
1836
245
127
138
21,395 28
168 44
1837
306
163
185
26,027 07
159 64
1838
362
231
218
28,739 40
136 20
1839
397
223
229
29,474 41
132 16
1840
391
229
236
27,844 98
121 59
1841
399
233
232
28,847 62
123 81
1842
430
238
238
27,546 87
111 12
1843
458
244
255
27,914 12
114 40
1844
491
261
263
29,278 75
112 17
1845
556
316
360
43,888 65
138 88
1846
637
359
367
39,870 37
111 06
1847 .
607
377
394
39,444 47
104 62
1848
655
404
409
42,860 05
106 09
1849
682
420
429
40,870 86
97 31
1850
670
440
441
46,776 13
106 40
In consequence of our large number, the expense per patient has the
last year been moderate. Most of the necessaries for the support of
this establishment have borne a medium price. Wages and salaries
have been the same as they have for a few years past, but the
item for improvements and repairs is a large one. Many things,
which circumstances seemed to require should be done this year, have
been. As the building for strong rooms for males was to be heated
with steam from a boiler placed in the laundry which is contiguous,
the occasion was taken for making extensive improvements there. A
dash wheel for washing was placed there, to be driven by an engine.
It cost about $125. The attic of the laundry was fitted up for drying
clothes in the winter and rainy days in the summer. This room is
heated with steam pipes coming from the boiler below. The airing
room, in which the clothes are hung to take out all dampness after
being ironed, has been fitted up with sliding clothes-frames. The
whole of the laundry, inside and out, has been painted. The facili-
46 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
ties for doing this work, which is always hard, have, by these changes,
been much increased.
Nine large clothes-rooms or closets have been fitted up in the Jo-
honnot wards. Something of this kind has been much needed for a
long time.
The floors in four of the wards have been repaired by supplying
new boards in place of those most worn out or splintered up, and by
smoothing with a plane the whole surface. These floors, and those in
six other wards, have had the cracks between the boards and the nail
holes puttied up, and two or three coats of stained oil put upon them.
The rooms for the sinks and water-closets have been changed in the
south Johonnot wing. An iron bathing-tub has been put in, and two
iron sinks have been substituted in place of those worn out. Some
alterations, and it is hoped improvements, have been made in the
water-closets in that wing. One of Collin's ventilators has been con-
nected with them. This alteration was deemed advisable that the
strong rooms might be accommodated by them.
The outsides of the south Johonnot and old wing both have been
painted. The roof of the Johonnot Hall and three of the kitchens,
and the fence in front, have been painted.
A ventilator and vane have been put upon the barn.
The cistern in the centre court has been covered with stone, at an
expense of $140.
The steps in front, at a cost of $200, have been reset, and seven
new ones added, and cast-iron hand-rails placed on each side of them,
all of which cost $260.
There have been set out 360 fruit and ornamental trees on this hill
this year.
There has been paid one individual $500 to settle his suit for dam-
ages, caused by taking water in our aqueduct from six wells in the
valley of a stream that passes through his land, half a mile below.
The barn-yard has been enlarged, and a new board fence, with stone
posts, has been erected on the east side of it. This yard has been
graded by adding, on the lower side, more than one hundred cart
loads of clay.
The twenty-one new rooms for violent male patients, erected the
last year, have of late been fully occupied. They answer the purpose
for which they were intended very well. They are accessible, light
enough, airy, and as free from noisome exhalations as rooms occupied
constantly by such a class of patients can well be made.
The floors are warmed, and a current of heated air is thrown into
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
47
each story. The foul air in the rooms is drawn off, through several
openings in the internal brick partitions, by steam-pipes placed in one
common trunk in the attic. Since these rooms have been finished we
have not occupied the six rooms in the basement of the old south wing,
where we had been obliged to place some violent male patients occa-
sionally for some years past.
Gas. — On the eighth of January last, gas was burned for the first
time in this Hospital. By order of your Board gas-pipes and burners
were fitted up in the north half of the institution. The pipe measured
in length 1,393| feet at 32|^ cents per foot, fitted up. The pendants
and forty-four burners cost $139 35. The whole charge for the gas
fixtures was $592 31.
The expense of lighting this building with gas we find, by some
experiments we tried, to be somewhat greater than lighting it with oil ;
but still I apprehend the same amount of light can be obtained from
gas cheaper than from oil. When we use gas we almost necessarily
have our rooms a great deal more brilliantly lighted than we do when
we use oil. Gas light is as safe as oil. It is much more cleanly and
requires less attention. In the large wards of hospitals for the insane
it is particularly desirable, its light is so diffusive and genial.
TABLE 7.
Showing the Causes of Insanity, as affecting persons pursuing different
Occupations.
S
£3
§
€
•2
2
,g
•-3
<i
,
a a
_
rs
J
.2
a
>»
0.2
fe>
t^
p.
a
C3
S
la
S-2
2
'.£P
t4
1
II
'3,
i
1
1
M
^
^
ft-"
rt
&
P^
f^
1-5
H
Farmera,
70
22
30
30
28
31
4
11
3
229
Laborers,
91
15
17
8
11
9
4
9
2
166
Seamen,
34
6
8
3
7
7
1
1
3
70
Merchants,
15
5
32
5
4
22
1
3
0
87
Carpenters,
18
8
10
4
11
8
3
2
0
64
Shoemakers,
10
11
30
7
11
6
2
1
0
78
Blacksmiths,
4
1
2
1
2
4
3
1
0
18
Students,
0
3
24
2
2
0
0
2
0
33
Clergymen,
1
2
4
0
1
1
1
0
0
10
Lawyers,
2
0
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
6
Physicians,
2
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
4
Painters,
2
1
11
2
1
1
1
1
0
20
Manufacturers, -
9
3
4
2
5
5
1
0
0
29
48
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
TABLE 8.
Showing the Causes of Insanity, and the circumstances connected with
the causes and predisposition to Insanity, the last and previous years.
1850.
Previously.
Ill Health,
16
487
. Intemperance,
Domestic Affliction,
-
h
-
-
6
11
345
306
Religion,
Masturbation,
-
-
-
-
8
5
240
178
Property,
Disappointed Affection,
Disappointed Ambition,
Epilepsy,
Puerperal,
Wounds on the Head,
-
•
-
-
5
6
1
13
10
6
169
88
38
84
98
42
Hard Labor,
-
-
-
-
6
32
Jealousy,
Fright, -
Palsy,
Periodical cases, -
-
-
-
-
3
4
2
45
13
20
30
708
Hereditary,
Homicidal,
-
-
-
44
33
832
76
Have committed Homicide,
_
-
_
1
20
Suicidal, -
_
-
_
-
43
267
Have committed Suicide,
.
_
_
1
16
Cases arising from Physical causes,
Cases arising from Moral causes.
-
-
58
42
1322
904
TABLE 9.
Previous Occupation of Patients.
1850.
Previously.
Farmers,
_
16
367
Laborers,
_
.
_
_
12
280
Merchants,
-
-
_
.
2
122
Shoemakers,
-
_
_
_
10
112
Seamen,
_
_
-
_
6
105
Carpenters,
-
-
-
-
11
88
Manufacturers,
_
.
_
_
3
60
Teachers,
-
.
_
-
2
47
Students,
.
.
_
_
1
44
Blacksmiths,
-
_
_
_
1
31
Painters,
-
-
_
_
2
25
Tailors,
-
- ■
.
-
0
18
Clergymen,
-
-
-
-
2
17
Lawyers,
-
-
-
-
0
7
Physicians,
-
-
.
_
0
8
Females accustome
d to active employment.
-
41
711
Females accustome
d to sedentary employment.
-
8
271
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
49
<:
"IS
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tic
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50
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
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Under 20 years.
From 20 to less than 30 years,
" 30 " " 40 "
« 40 " « 50 "
« 50 " " 60 "
" 60 " " 70 "
» 70 « " 80 «
" 80 and upwards.
Civil state of patients when admitted —
Single, . _ - -
Married, - -
Widows, - - - -
Widowers, - - - -
Unknown, - - - -
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
51
TABLE 11.
Ages of Patients
n the
Hospital,
Duration of Insanity -with those remaining
in the
December Ist, 1850.
Hospital, December 1st, 1850.
Under 10 years
old,
.
1
Less than 1 year insane.
38
From 10 to 15 years
old,
- ■
3
From 1 to 2 years "
65
' 15 to 20
«
-
9
" 2 to 5 " "
109
' 20 to 25
((
-
33
" 5 to 10 " "
97
' 25 to 30
((
-
49
" 10 to 15 " "
49
' 30 to 35
u
-
80
« 15 to 20 " "
23
' 35 to 40
((
-
61
" 20 to 25 " «
16
' 40 to 45
((
.
51
" 25 to 30 " "
7
' 45 to 50
li
_
38
Over 30 " "
10
' 50 to 55
((
-
39
Unknown, "
27
' 55 to 60
(C
-
25
' 60 to 65
a
-
19
441
' 65 to 70
ti
_
17
' 70 to 75
((
.
6
' 75 to 80
a
_
9
^
Over 80
«
1
441
52
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
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STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
TABLE 13.
Diseases that have proved Fatal.
1850.
Previously.
Marasmus,
2
59
Apoplexy and Palsy,
-
-
-
6
37
Consumption,
-
-
-
7
32
Epilepsy,
-
-
-
9
29
Disease of the Heart,
-
-
-
1
17
Suicide,
-
-
-
1
16
Disease of the Brain,
-
-
-
2
15
Typhus Fever,
-
-
-
3
7
Lung Fever,
_
.
-
1
11
Hemorrhage,
-
-
-
0
5
Dysenteric Fever,
-
-
-
1
7
Cholera Morbus,
_
_
_
0
4
Inflammation of the Bowels,
.
-
0
4
Mortification of the Limbs,
-
-
0
3
Dropsy,
-
-
-
2
4
Chronic Dysentery,
-
-
-
0
4
Erysipelas,
-
-
-
5
7
Diarrhcea,
_
_
.
1
15
Disease of the Brain from Intemperance,
-
0
2
Bronchitis,
_
-
_
1
2
Old age,
-
-
.
2
3
Gastric Fever,
-
-
-
0
4
Land Scurvy,
-
-
-
0
1
Congestive Fever,
-
-
■-
0
2
Concussion of the Brain
_
_
0
1
Disease of the Bladder,
-
_
0
1
Fright,
-
-
-
0
1
Rupture,
-
-
-
0
1
Exhaustion,
.
_
_
10
9
Convulsions,
_
_
-
0
2
Cholera,
-
_
-
0
4
Asthma,
-
_
-
1
0
Hydro Thorax,
-
-
-
1
0
Cancer,
1
0
57
309
Our mortality has, the past year, been greater than usual. But it
has been confined almost wholly to feeble patients whose physical sys-
tems were worn out and whose mental recovery was hopeless. In
several of the fatal cases their insanity was only one of the symptoms
of the lingering dissolution of their physical powers. Some few of
the poor and friendless have been brought to us in their last sickness,
when delirium had rendered them troublesome, to be taken care of
where they were.
d4 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
The usual summer complaints visited our household but very lightly.
The month of August, which is usually the sickly month, brought less
sickness of any kind this year than ever before. We have had noth-
ing like an epidemic, unless about twenty-five cases of erysipelas,
which occurred in the spring, may be so called. These cases made
their appearance from the last of February to the first of June, in a
majority of the wards, without being in any instance contagious. No
cause can be assigned with certainty for their breaking out then more
than any other time. The inflammation was, in a majority of the
cases, confined to the head and face, and when the disease extended
down into the body it was apt to be fatal. In some few, the inflamma-
tion extended to the integuments under the skin, and then sloughing
and purulent matter was formed.
By the above table, it is shown that five patients died of this mal-
ady. The lady, Mrs. Eliza F. Richardson, who assisted in my family,
also died of it.
It was noticed that those patients who occupied rooms nearest our
hot-air furnace, and were consequently the warmest, were most liable
to its attack. The air in our wards in the winter is rather hot and dry
than otherwise. Some of the floors where this disease prevailed are
but seldom wet.
Consumption and its near associate, marasmus, has found, as here-
tofore, some victims among us. Wasting away of their lungs and
emaciation of the whole system, are the very common results of
chronic insanity.
Epilepsy is one of the most common causes as well as one of the
most common sequels of insanity. It is very often one of the promi-
nent symptoms of insanity brought on by habitual intemperance ; and,
where it is so, fatal results follow in a short time. When epilepsy
comes on in childhood the mind almost ceases to expand, and, al-
though the person may grow up to manhood, the mind becomes fatui-
tous.
Of twenty-eight epileptic patients who have died in this Hospital,
and whose history was in certain particulars known, the following
table (No. 14) shows that, on the average,
23 males,
5 females,
Insane before coming to
the Hospital —
36 months,
60 months,
Remained in the Hos-
pital—
ISh months,
14 months,
Died at the age of —
42 years.
38 years.
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 55
The number of males afflicted with epilepsy in this Hospital is
greater than that of females. The males died at the most advanced
age, but they may have been, and probably were, attacked with epi-
lepsy later in life than the females in the cases considered.
The accessions of the fits of epilepsy are veiy irregular as to time
and severity in different persons. Some have one or two fits every
day or two, or every month or two. Some have ten or twenty fits in
quick succession and are much disturbed in mind for several days, to
be followed by an interval of some weeks or months of freedom from
fits and by serenity of mind. Some are seized only while asleep and
some only while awake. In some, the fits amount only to slight dizzi-
ness which hardly takes away consciousness. In others all the senses
are locked up for the time, and the physical system is racked with
convulsions horrid to behold. As a general thing, these persons are
unconscious at the time of the fit, and, after apparently suffering the
most frightful tortures, wake up and inquire of those around what has
happened. A very few have a short warning of the coming on of a
fit, but generally they know nothing of it except as they are told by
others. Most epileptics enjoy the pleasing delusion of believing that
their fits are constantly becoming lighter and more unfrequent.
The management of them should be kind and conciliating. About
the time of having fits they are irritable, jealous, and easily provoked
to violent actions. They will not be driven, but must be flattered.
They should have exercise, but should never get fatigued. Their
diet should be sparing but nutritious. They should never overload
the stomach or become surfeited.
But little can be done effectually in the way of medical treatment.
In slight cases, stramonium, nitrate of silver and sugar of lead have
got some reputation. In a few cases, unconnected with insanity, a
mitigation and a cure even has followed their protracted use. But the
instances of recovery are rare.
The prospect before these persons is to us always cloudy ; and ex-
perience tells us that it will invariably grow darker.
.STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
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STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 57
The farm connected with this Hospital is comprised of about one
hundred acres. It is well adapted to grazing and tillage. Its produc-
tions are abundant to sustain our stock of four horses, two oxen and
twenty-three cows. The milk of the cows has been wholly used by
the inmates of this establishment. About seven acres were tilled for
raising vegetables for the table and the stock. A list of them below
shows their abundance and their value as estimated by Mr. Thomas
Hill, the steward. The three great ends or purposes of our farming
are the raising of vegetables for the table, producing milk and meat
from our stock, and supporting the horses for the pleasure of the
patients and use of the establishment.
The profits of our farming cannot be ascertained with much accu-
racy. The business is secondary to the care of the patients. It is
necessary to have always about the Hospital some men, who have no
particular duties assigned them, to take the places of those who may
be necessarily absent. These, when not otherwise employed, work
upon the land with such patients as will labor with beneficial results, or
be themselves benefited by the labor. Labor tends to give health and
strength to the physical system ; and, as it requires a certain amount
of thought and atteiation, it is tlius effectual in diverting the thoughts
of the insane, for the time, from their morbid channels. Whatever
will do this most effectually is the great moral means in the recovery
of their reason and self-control. We often have twenty or thirty male
patients out about our premises at work, and as many females in our
kitchens and laundry, besides those who knit and sew in the wards.
Much valuable labor is accomplished by them. They are encouraged
to labor, for its immediate benefit to their health, and for its ultimate
effect in lessening, in some degree, the price of their support here.
For the support of those patients who have no means of their own,
and no legal settlement in this State, a certain fixed sum for each has
been annually drawn from the treasury of the Commonwealth ; but for
the support of all others in the Hospital the price is annually deter-
mined by the current expenses. It has always been our wish, and
towards which point our efforts have been directed, to bring the price
of board here within the means of the unfortunate insane and their
friends, who are too often ill prepared to sustain their pecuniary burdens.
The products of the farm and garden consisted of
Potatoes, 75 bushels, at 60 cents, $45 00
Green peas, 30 " " $1, 30 00
Beets, 220 " " 25 cents, 55 00
Turnips, 180 " *' " " 45 00
8
58
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
i23 45
87 10
27 50
70 00
60 00
1,365 00
262 08
719 16
^2,789 29
$585 00
532
50
5
20
50
00
Parsnips, 35 bushels, at 67 cents, .
Onions, 130 " " 67 "
Apples, 55 " " 50 "
Winter squash, 7,000 pounds, at 1 cent.
Cabbages, 1,500, each 4 cents, .
Quarts of milk, 39,000, 3J cents, .
Beef, 4,032 pounds, 6J cents, .
Pork, 11,986 " 6 "
There was raised for wintering the stock,
Hay, 58| tons, at $10, .
Carrots, 2,130 bushels, at 25 cents, .
Oats, 13 bushels, at 40 cents, .
Oats, cut green, 5 tons,
$1,172 70
Besides the above, the garden produced a large supply for the estab-
lishment, of cucumbers, lettuce, tomatoes, &c.
Our patients have spent their time the past year in labor, amuse-
ments, and socially, in their wakeful hours. The amusements most
in vogue, are our in-door ball and pins, cards, chess and back-gam-
mon. Mental diversion and bodily exercise are the objects we have
in view. The more intelligent class read the daily prints and the
books from a library of several hundred volumes devoted to their use.
The local newspapers of this State find readers particularly interested
in each of them. Many such, by the favor of their editors and by
exchanges from the printing offices in this city, for which we are very
o-rateful in behalf of our patients, are distributed weekly in all our
wards.
The following are sent oui» inmates gratuitously. For such valuable
gifts our inmates are very thankful. The Daily Advertiser, Evening
Gazette, Olive Branch, Puritan Recorder, Christian Witness and
Church Advocate, Christian Watchman and Reflector, Youth's Com-
panion, Monthly Religious Magazine, and Boston Saturday Rambler,
from Boston ; Register and Mercury, from Salem ; Sandwich Ob-
server ; Lynn News ; Old Colony Memorial ; Gospel Messenger, from
Utica, N. Y. ; The Daily and Weekly Spy, Palladium,' Cataract, Chris-
tian Citizen, and The N. E. M. T. Journal from this city. Besides
these, there are as many more sheets taken by the various members
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 59
of our family just from the press. These pass from one patient to
another as they are read.
Our patients walk out pleasant days with their attendants, over the
neighboring hills, and they ride in two carriages devoted to their use.
The matron's parties are still kept up ; and, occasionally, dancing
parties for the patients of both sexes, with their attendants, are got up
during the winter evenings.
The " Macomber Troupe" most kindly volunteered their services,
and entertained our assembled household, in the chapel, on the after-
noon of the 13th of May, for an hour, with their agreeable music.
Madam Lovai'ney, with her assistants, also gave us a delightful con-
cert, August 13th, in our chapel, at which between two and three
hundred of the insane were present ; and they seemed to be much
gratified in having made our household happy for an hour.
For the President's Message in 3 vols, and other valuable public
documents, we are indebted to the Hon. Charles Allen. During the
year, Charles Calhoun, Esq., forwarded, for the use of our inmates,
two large packages of printed documents of the legislative proceed-
ings. Other friends have occasionally remembered us in like manner.
The Hon. Horace Mann sent us a large box of books and pamphlets,
and Miss Dix a beautiful engraving. From the honorable senator in
Congress from this city, we have just received two volumes of the
President's Message, the Patent Office Reports of 1848 and 1849, and
a copy of the Congressional funeral rites of President Taylor.
The religious services have been ably performed and appropriately
conducted by the chaplain, who has for many years dispensed the
word to this peculiar congregation of about three hundred persons.
The patients usually observe great decorum in the chapel, and many
fully appreciate this privilege of assembling for social worship.
Many of the insane, as well as the afflicted, receive, with grateful
hearts and very susceptible emotions, the consolations of the gospel.
Most respectfully,
GEO. CHANDLER.
State Lunatic Hospital,
Worcestei-, Dec. 2, 1850.
60
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STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
Shower at 1^ P. M. Dogsbane.
Rain at 4 P. M. Lettuce.
Clematis. Scullcap. Slight rain.
Shower this morning. American Senna.
Button Brush. Lobelia. Cardinalis.
Thermometer 91° at 12 M. Lightning. ,
Shower at 5 P. i\l.
Agrimonia. Hibiscus.
Slight ram. Sagittaria.
Water Horehouad.
Pickerel weed.
Digitalis.
Fair at 5 P. M. Dodder.
Rain continued.
Rain during the day.
Isanthus.
Dwarf tree Primrose.
V\ ild Bean
Rain began at % A. M.
Shower at 2^ P. M.
Purple Gerardia.
Chelone Glabra.
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of
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STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
A List of Trustees from the commencement of the Institution^ with the
Building Commissioners, — the first three, — who uiere appointed Com-
missioners in 1830 : —
When
When
Names.
Residence.
appoint-
ed.
services
ended.
In what way services ended.
Horace Mann, -
Dedham,
1832
1834
Commission expired.
Bazaleel Taft, Jr.,
Uxbridge,
1832
1834
(( ((
Wm. B. Calhoun,
Springfield,
1832
1835
(( «
Alfred D. Foster,
Worcester,
1832
1836
u u
Francis C. Gray,
Boston,
1832
1836
li ((
Thomas A. Green,
New Bedford,
1834
1837
il 11
Thomas Kinnicutt,
Worcester,
1834
1838
a a
Horace Mann, -
Boston,
1835
1839
(( it
Emery Washburn,
Worcester,
lb36
1837
Resigned.
Abraham R. Thompson,
Charlestown,
1836
1841
Commission expired.
Myron Lawrence,
Belchertown,
1837
1840
(1 n
Stephen Salisbury,
Worcester,
1837
1840
ii ((
E. D. Bangs, -
Worcester,
1838
1838
Death.
William Lincoln,
Worcester,
1838
1840
Commission expired.
Daniel P. King, -
Danvers,
1839
1844
ii a
Alfred D. Foster,
Worcester,
1840
1842
a «
Maturin L. Fisher,
Worcester,
1840
1843
(( ((
Henry Gardner, -
Boston,
1840
1845
(( (C
Robert Campbell,
Pittsfield,
1841
1843
Resigned.
Edwin Conant, -
Worcester,
1842
1844
"
H. H. Childs, -
Pittsfield,
1843
1846
Commission expired.
Joseph Sargent, -
Worcester,
1843
1848
a ((
Stephen Salisbury,
Worcester,
1844
1850
U 11
Stephen C. Phillips, -
Salem,
1844
-
-
Jesse Murdoch, -
Carver,
1845
1847
Commission expired.
Thomas F. Plunkett, -
Pittsfield,
1846
1849
(( '(
Thomas French,
Canton,
1847
1848
Resigned.
Isaac Davis,
Worcester,
1848
1849
((
William Appleton,
Boston,
1849
-
-
Levi Lincoln,
Worcester,
1849
_
-
E.H. Kellogg, -
Pittsfield,
1849
-
.
J. S. C. Knowlton,
Worcester,
1850
-
-
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
76
BOARD OF TRUSTEES:
Stephen C. Phillips, President,
William Appleton, -
Levi Lincoln, - - - -
E. H. Kellogg, - - ' -
J, S. C. Knowlton, Secretary, •
Salem,
Boston,
Worcester,
Pittsfield,
Worcester,
TREASURER:
Samuel Jennison, ----- Worcester,
Office at the Institution for Savings.
CHAPLAIN;
Rev. Geo. Allen,
Worcester.
RESIDENT OFFICERS
Geo. Chandler, M. D.,
John R. Lee, M. D., -
Merrick Bemis, M. D.,
Thomas Hill, -
Miss Elizabeth A. Reid,
John T. Mirick,
Mrs. Phebe S. Mirick,
Edward A. Smith, -
Superintendent,
Assistant Physician,
Steward,
Matron,
Supervisor,
Clerk.
^pp2 5^9W.P,A.
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