Annual report of the Worcester Insane Asylum at Worcester

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PUBLIC DOCUMENT .... .... No. 23.

SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL EEPOET

WORCESTER INSANE ASYLUM

WORCESTEE,

rOR THE

Year e:nding September 30, 189 i.

BOSTON :

WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS,

18 Post Office Square.

1896.

OFFICERS OF THE ASYLUM.

TRUSTEES.

ROCKWOOD HOAR, . Worcester.

FRANCIS C. LOWELL, . Boston.

SARAH E. WHITIN, . Whitinsville.

FRANCES M. LINCOLN, , Worcester.

A. GEORGE BULLOCK, ....... Worcester.

THOMAS H. GAGE, ........ Worcester.

HENRY S. NOURSE, Lancaster.

RESIDENT OFFICERS.
ERNEST V. SCRIBNER, M.D., ..... Superintendent.

HARTSTEIN W. PAGE, M.D., Assistant Fhysician.

ABBIE S. FAY, ....... .t Matron.

NON-RESIDENT OFFICERS.

ALBERT WOOD, . Treasnrer.

GEORGE L. CLARK, ........ Auditor.

MARIAN D. CUDWORTH, ....... Clerk.

FREDERICK H. BAKER, M D., . . . . . . Pathologist.

WILLIAM SHERMAN, Engineer,

Cnmmautealtlj d Ulassachisrfts.

TRUSTEES' REPOET.

To His Excellency the Governor and the Honorable Council.

The trustees of the Worcester Lunatic Hospital, in charge
of the Worcester Insane Asylum, would respectfully present
their seventeenth annual report. The reports of the superin-
tendent and of the treasurer, submitted herewith, contain in
detail the history of the management and of the finances of
the asylum, and are made a part of this report.

Upon the resignation of the steward we have added his duties
to those of the superintendent, with an increase in the salary
of the latter.

We have undertaken a change in the administration build-
ing, which will increase somewhat its size and greatly improve
its light and ventilation. Additional jjrotection against tire
has been provided. The wards are in excellent condition, and
are taxed to their utmost to care for the great numbers of
patients that have been transferred to us. Many times during
the past year the wards have been crowded to their utmost
capacity.

We would commend especially the constant and devoted
attention of the superintendent during the clianges that have
taken place in the last year. An increased responsibility has
fallen upon the assistant superintendent also from the same

causes.

ROCKWOOD HOAR.
FRANCIS C. LOWELL.
SARAH E. WHITIN.
FRANCES M. LINCOLN.
A. GEORGE BULLOCK.
THOMAS H. GAGE.

HENRY S. NOURSE.

Worcester, Mass., Oct. 1, 1894.

84

WOECESTER INSANE ASYLUM.

[Oct.

OFFICERS AND THEIR SALARIES.

Ernest V. Scribner,M'D., Superintendent,
Hartstein W. Page, M.D., Assistant Physician,
Frederick H. Baker, M.D., PatJwlogist,
Abbie S. Fay, Matron, .
Albert Wood, Treasurer, .
George L. Clark, AudAtor, .
Marian D. Cudworth, Glej±,
William Sherman, Engineer,

.

12,500 00

],200 00

100 00

400 00

400 00

50 00

480 00

1,000 00

YALUE OF STOCK AND SUPPLIES.

Oct. 1, 1894.

Live stock, ......

Produce of the garden on hand, .

Carriages and agricultural implements.

Machinery and mechanical fixtures,

Beds and bedding in inmates' department.

Other furniture in inmates' department.

Personal property of State in superintendent's department

Ready-made clothing.

Dry goods.

Provisions and groceries,

Drugs and medicines,

Fuel, ....

Library, ....

Other supplies undistributed.

$325 00

1,200 00

650 00

9,000 00

9,500 00

3,500 00

9,500 00

],498 16

431 93

2,400 00

500 00

3,500 00

500 00

1,500 00

144,005 09

1894.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 23.

85

TREASURER'S REPORT.

To the Trustees of the Worcester Lunatic Hospital, acting for the Worcester

Insane Asylum.

I hereby submit my seventeenth annual report on the finances

of the Worcester Insane Asylum for the year ending Sept. 30,

1894.

Receipts.

Cash on hand Sept. 30, 1893 : —
Cash belonging to the asylum, ..... ^,684 72
Deposits of inmates, 1,115 34

Amounts received : —
From the Commonwealth for support of patients, |23,820 00
From cities and towns for support of patients, . . 56,600 87

From other som-ces, 725 01

From inmates, 82 24

$2,800 06

81,228 12
$84,028 18

The expenditures for the year have been as follows : — -

Salaries and wages, .

Provisions and sup> plies ;
Meat of all kinds.
Fish, .

Fruit and vegetables,
Flour, .

Meal for table, .
Hay and grain, .
Tea and coffee, ' .
Sugar and molasses.
Milk, butter and cheese,
Salt and other groceiies,
All other provisions, .

Clothing and material.
Fuel, ....
Lights,

Amounts carried forward, .... . f 9,917 54 $46,62357

•

$23,646 18

$3,900 62

869 41

2,103 58

3,141 14

115 65

316 96

916 01

1,398 67

7,144 04

606 77

2,434 54
f 1,939 90

22,977 39

4,015 98

961 66

86 WORCESTEE

INSANE

ASYLUM.

[Oct.

Amounts brought forivard, $9,917 54

$46,623 57

Medicine and medical supplies,

601 32

Furniture and furnishings, .

2,446 30

Crockery, .

26 62

Beds and bedding.

1,218 75

Transportation, .

224 70

Travelling, .

113 22

Trustees' expenses,

27 66

Soap, ....

756 51

Water,

709 47

Stationery, .

201 79

Undertaking,

274 00

Repairs (ordinary), .

5,061 12

All other current expenses.

2,056 44

23,635 44

Total current expenses,

$70,259 01

Repairs and improvements (extraordinary), . .$5,500 00

Refunded inmates (on deposits), .... 1 65

5,501 65

Total amount expended,

$75,760 66

Cash on hand Sept, 30, 1894,

8,267 52

$84,028 18

Resources.

Cash on hand, f 8,267 52

Due from Commonwealth for support, . . . 5,56180

from cities and towns, 13,670 40

from other sources, 8 50

$27,508 22

Liabilities.

Due for supplies and expenses, $3,530 16

for salaries and wages, 1,926 64

inmates (cash on deposit), 1,195 93

6,652 73

Total surplus,

$20,855 49

Eespeclfully submitted,

ALBERT WOOD,

Treasurer.

Worcester, Mass., Oct. 1, 1894.

Worcester, Mass., Oct. 27, 1894.
The undersigned has this day carefully compared the treasurer's statement of expen-
ditures for the year ending Sept. 30, 1894, with the vouchers which are on file at the asy-
lum, and finds it to be correct. He has also compared the amount of bills rendered for
board of patients with the estimated earnings of the institution for one year, and finds

them to agree.

GEO. L. CLARK,

Auditor of Accounts.

1894.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 23. • 87

SUPEEINTEKDENT'S EEPOKT.

To the Trustees of the Worcester Lunatic Hosjntal, acting for the Worcester

Insane Asylum.

I beg to present to your Board the seventeenth annual report
of the superintendent of the Worcester Insane Asylum.

At the beginning of the present official year there remained
in the asylum 454 patients, — 231 males and 223 females.
There have been admitted 30 males and 31 females, making a
total of 515 cases. Of this number 1 male and 1 female have
been discharged much improved, 2 males and 2 females im-
proved, 2 males and 1 female not improved, and 22 males and
21 females have died. This leaves 234 males and 229 females

— 463 persons — as inmates of this institution Sept. 30, 1894.
Of the persons admitted, 21 males came from the Worcester
Lunatic Hospital, 9 males and 30 females from Taunton, and 1
female was returned from boarding out. Of those discharged,
1 male was transferred to the State Farm at Bridgewater, 1
male and 3 females were removed by the overseers of the poor,
1 male went to the Tewksbury Almshouse, 1 male and 1 female
were discharged to the care of relatives, and 1 male escaped.

Over two-thirds of the admissions to this institution during
the past year have been cases of chronic dementia. How little
probability offers of the recovery of these people is evidenced
both by the character and the long duration of their disease.
The cities and towns, with their unhealthy and disturbing ner-
vous influences, furnish proportionately the greater numbers,

— nearly 74 per cent. Recent investigations in this line show
that the numbers of the insane are not increasing in a rapid
ratio in the country communities, if indeed they are increasing
at all. In 14 of the admissions heredity is assigned as the

88 ■ WORCESTER INSANE ASYLUM. [Oct.

probable cause of mental disease. That hereditary influence
plays a great part in the filling of our hospitals and asylums is
shown by its yearly prominence in our statistical tables.

The amount of restraint has been less than in many former
years, and there has been no case of continuous seclusion.
Notwithstanding the liberty which has been allowed patients,
but one successful escape has occurred. The earlier asylums
were doubtless established more as places of incarceration for
the detention of such insane persons as proved dangerous to
the community, and of course were more like prisons than any-
thino- else. The insane have now come to be recognized as the
victims of disease, whose commitment to a hospital is demanded
that they may receive care and treatment. The hospital for
the insane, while securing to the public that protection which
it has a right to expect and to receive, should never degenerate
into a prison ; and the hospital attendant should partake of the
character of nurse rather than of keeper. The selection of
proper material for this branch of the service is not always
easy. Knowledge and experience count for as much in the
attendant upon the insane as in the trained nurse of general
practice ; and too close attention cannot be given in making
choice of those persons who are to be most intimately associ-
ated with the patients, and whose iniiuence is great to soothe
or to excite the unstable minds with which they come in con-
tact. The rate of compensation which it is at present possible
to ofi'er nurses is, in many cases, not sufficient to long retain
the most desirable.

Although the institution has been greatly crowded, the gen-
eral health of the house has been good. Several cases of
measles have occurred, chiefly among the employees, a few
patients being attacked. The character of the disease was mild,
and no fatalities ensued. There has been little other acute
disease of a serious nature.

1894.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 23.

89

Ratio of Deaths from the Opening of the Asylum to Oct. 1, 1894.

J3

Dally Average
Number of
Patients.

Deaths.

Per Cent, on
Whole Number
of Patients
treated.

o -'■' =

OFFICIAL YEAR.

"a

1

Per Cent

Daily Av
N u m b e 1
Patients.

1877-78, .

429

382.98

18

8

26

6.06

6.78

1878-79, .

422

367.41

22

11

88

7.82

8.98

1879-80,.

413

363.15

15

8

23

5.56

6.33

1880-81, .

401

363.09

18

6

24

5.98

6.62

1881-82, .

439

375.59

21

11

32

7.28

8.51

1882-83, .

461

384.33

37

24

61

18.28

15.84

1883-84, .

438

390.69

22

20

42

. 9.58

10.75

1884-85, ,

448

391.12

20

14

34

7.58

8.69

1885-86, .

476

400.28

28

15

88

7.98

9.49

1886-87, .

444

393.52

21

17

88

8.55

9.65

1887-88, .

451

893.95

28

14

87

8.20

9.39

1888-89, .

431

885.56

27

11

38

8.81

9.85

1889-90, .

428

330.23

27

4

81

7.24

9.38

1890-91, .

464

894.66

22

12

84

7.32

8.61

1891-92,.

499

427.82

22

15

87

7.41

8.64

1892-93, .

519

446.94

88

20

58

11.17

12.97

1893-94, .

515

442.23

22

21

48

8.35

9.72

A glance at the above table of mortality statistics shows the
death rate at about its normal averasfe. Phthisis has asjain
been the chief cause of death.

Our system of ward ventilation is a good one, and quite sat-
isfactory in its practical workings. The large number of
patients cared for during the past few years, however, has
taxed it to its utmost. The institution is at present lighted by
gas, and during the long winter evenings the withdrawal of

90 WORCESTER INSANE ASYLUM. [Oct.

the oxygen consumed in this way causes a very appreciable
dilference in the purity of the air, which is rendered still
further unfit for respiration by being loaded with the products
of combustion. If the electric light were introduced, not only
would this source of atmospheric contamination be removed,
but it would be possible, with the same power, to operate
electric fans in any liue whose draft was faulty, causing a
direct and positive circulation of air in those places most
needed.

The operations of the past year in the way of repairs have
been of a somewhat varied nature. Not the least in value has
been the renovation of the old rooms in the south Johonnot
wards, which have long been in an unsatisfactory condition.
The dining-rooms in the south wings have been made over and
new sinks put in. The work of reconstruction which has been
going on in this asylum, and which has so greatly altered the
character and increased the efficiency of the institution, has
hitherto been directed chiefly to the wards. Early in the
spring attention was turned to the administration building,
where for many years little has been done in the line of repairs.
The offices and waiting rooms were dark, and no adequate sys-
tem of ventilation existed. The work of improvement has been
undertaken here, and is now in progress. Considerable paint-
ino- of the walls and ceilings has been done throughout the
wards, which has not only rendered easier the maintenance of
that proper cleanliness which is so essential to asylum existence,
but has also added something to the attractiveness of the house.
An additional line of high-service water pipe has been laid in
the yard, and another h3^drant put in. A stand-pipe connected
with the same supply has also been introduced into the male
wards, displacing the old low-pressure service, and consider-
able new hose purchased.

As in former years, patients have been largely employed in
the work of the various departments. Admission to this insti-
tution being only by transfer from other hospitals, the most
industrious, as would be expected, are rarely sent here, and it
has often been more difficult to find workers than to furnish
em pi 03^ men t.

The average weekly cost of support has been $3.04.

1894.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 23. 91

Regular entertainments have been held in the chapel during
the winter, and have been greatly enjoyed by the patients.
Religious services have been conducted as usual.

I desire to thank your Board for the assistance and support
which has at all times been given me.

E. V. SCRIBNER,

Superintendent,
Worcester, Mass., Oct. 1, 1894.

REVISED TABLES

Unifobm Statistics

MASSACHUSETTS HOSPITALS AND ASYLUMS
FOR THE INSANE.

Approved by the State Board of Lunacy and Charity,
March 10, 1891.

94

WORCESTER INSANE ASYLUM.

[Oct.

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ts, .'

Patients in asylum Oct. 1, 1893,
Admitted within the year, .
Whole number of cases within t
Discharged within the year,
Viz. : as recovered,*

much improved,*

improved,*

not improved,* .

not insane,*
Deaths, ....
Patients remaining Sept. 30, 189
Viz. : supported as State patient
town patient
private patie
Number of different persons wit
Persons admitted,
Persons recovered.
Daily avei-age number of patien
Viz. : State patients, .

town j^atients, .

1894.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 23.

95

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447.10
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1893.

October,

November, ......

December,

«

Total of cases, .
Total of persons,
Daily average, .

January,

February,

March,

April,

May, .

June,

July,

August,

September

96

WORCESTER INSANE ASYLUM.

[Oct.

3. — Received on First and S^lbsequent Admissions.

Cases Admitted.

Times Pbbviodslt
Eecovkeed.

NUMBER OF THE ADMISSION.

Males.

Females.

Totals.

Males.

Females. Totals.

First,

Second,

30

29
2

59

2

-

-

-

Total of cases,
Total of persons.

30
30

31
31

61
61

-

-

-

4. — Relations to Hospitals of Persons Admitted.

HOSPITAL EELATIONS.

Males.

Females.

Totals.

Never before in any hospital for insane, .

-

-

-

Former inmates of this asylum only.

-

-

-

of other hospitals only, .

30

29

59

of this asylum and other hos-
pitals,

-

2

2

Total of persons,

30

31

61

1894.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 23.

97

5. — Parentage of Persons Admitted.

SlALES.

Females.

Totals.

PLACES OF NATIVITY.

Father.

Mother.

Father.

Mother.

Father.

Mother.

Unknown,

30

'30

31

31

61

61

Total,

30

80

31

1

31

61

61

6. — Residence of Persons Admitted.

PLACES.

Males.

Females.

Totals.

Massachusetts : —

Suffolk County,

14

11

25

Plymouth County,

2

11

13

Worcester County,

9

-

9

Bristol County,

-

8

8

Middlesex County,

5

-

5

Norfolk County, ......

-

1

1

Totals,

30

31

61

Viz. : Cities or towns,* ....

22

23

45

Country districts, ....

8

8

16

* Containing not less than 10,000 inhabitants.

98

WORCESTER INSANE ASYLUM.

[Oct.

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Second, ....

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1894.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 23.

99

8. — Occupations of Persons Admitted.

MALES.

FEMALES.

Laborers,

7

Housewives,

12

Farmers,

2

Domestics, .

7

Operatives, .

2

Housekeepers,

2

Messengers, .

2

Cooks, .

2

Engraver,

Laundress, .

Druggist,

Seamstress, .

Stone cutter, .

Stitcher,

Loom fixer, .

Dressmaker,

Shoemaker, .

Unknown, .

Teamster,

3

7

No occupation, .
Total, .

3

Patternmaker,

31

Unknown,
No occupation,

WIFE OR DAUGHTER OF

Unknown, ....

Total, .

30

31

Total, .

•

31

100

WORCESTER INSANE ASYLUM.

[Oct.

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1. Physical: —

Intemperance,
Epilepsy,
Climacteric,.
Senility,
Over study, .
Injury to head, .
Congestion of brain.
Softening of brain.
Syphilis,

2. Mental : —

Heredity,
Grief, .
Unknown, .

p

1894.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 23.

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15 years and less, .

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20 to 25 years,
25 to 30 years,
30 to 35 years,
35 to 40 years,
40 to 50 years,
50 to 60 years,
60 to 70 years,
70 to 80 years.

Over 80 yeax's.

Unknown,

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Total of pei'sons,
Mean ages.

1894.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 23.

103

12. — Reported Duration of Disease before Last Admissioyi.

First Admission
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All Other
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Totals.

PREVIOUS DUKATION.

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17

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Not insane.

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30

31

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Total of cases, .

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30

31

61

61

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61

30

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Average in years.

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