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EDWARD VII. APPENDIX No. 1 A 1902

THE COMMITTEE.

Augers,
Ball,
Bazinet,
Beith,
Bell,
Bernier,
Blain,
Bourassa,
Bourbonnais,
Boyd,
Broder,
Brown,
Bureau,
Calvert,
Calvin,
Carbonneau,
Cargill,
Carscallen,
Charlton,
Christie,
Clancy,
Clare,
Cochrane,
Davis,
Delisle,
Douglas,
Dugas,
Dyment,
Edwards,
Erb,
Farquharson,
Fisher,
Fortier,
Galliher,
Gauvreau,
Gilmour,
Girard,
Gould,
Guthrie,

(JOSEPH H. LEGRIS, Esq., Chairman.)

]Issleurs :

Hackett,
Halliday,
Harwood,
Henderson,
IIeyd,
tIughes ( K bg's),
Hughes (Victoria),
Ingrain,
Johnston ( Cardwell),
Johnston ( Lambton ),
Kendall,
Kidd,
Lang,
LaRivire,
Laurier ( L'A ssom ption ) ,
LeBlanc,
Legris,
ennox,
Lonard,
Lewis,
Logan,
Lovell,
Loy,
Macdonald,
Mackie,
acLaren (Perth),
McColl,
McCool,
cCormick,
McCreary,
McEwen,
McGowan,
McGugan,
McIntosh,
Mc.Lennan,
McLeod,
arcil (Bagot),
]artineau,
]atheson,
:Rfaxwell,

Meigs,
Morin,
Mulock,
Oliver,
:parmelee,
:Pope,
:Proulx,
Reid (Grenville),
Reid (Ristigouche),
Richardson,
Robinson (Elgin),
Robinson (Northumber-
land),
Roche (Marquette),
Rosamond,
Ross (Ontario),
Ross (Victoria),
Rousseau,
Schell,
Seagram,
Sherritt,
Simmons,
Smith (Vancouver),
Smith (Wentworth),
Sproule,
Stephens,
Stewart,
Talbot,
Taylor,
Tobin,
Tolmie,
Tolton,
Tucker,
Turcot,
Turgeon,
Vrooman,
Wade,
Wilmot,
Wilson,
Wright.

vii

2 EDWARD VII.

APPENDIX No. 1

A. 1932

EVIDENCE

PAPT I

AGRICULTURE IN CANAI)A

8 THE DIRECTOr, EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
2 EDWARD VII.. A. 1902
From the figures given it will be seen that the crops have been very good all the
way through at Indian Head except the carrots. The large crops in Eastern Assiniboia
were not by any means confined to the experimental farm.

By Mr. Lovell:
Do they have any trouble there with the potato bug
There is no potato bug which is any serious trouble.

By Mr. Davis :
Q. When you say that, what do you mean ? I never heard of a potato bug in the
west 
A. I must give a word of explanation. There are several native beetles there
which feed on the potato vines, varieties of blistering beetles which some times do a
considerable amount of injury. These are comnonly known as potato beetles or
potato bugs. I have never seen the genuine Colorado beetle in that part of the Do-
minion.

MR. D.tws.--There is not anything of the kind

By Mr. Lovell :
Q. These are not considered as so destructive ?
A. lo ; not as destructive as the Colorado beetle.

CROP YIELDS ON PRIVATE FARMS.

After the threshing was completed Mr. ]Iackay at my request visited 32 farmers
residing between Grenfell and Moosejaw, covering about 120 miles of territory, and
procured from them signed certificates which certificates I have with me as to the area
they had under crop and their yield, and he secured in each case a two bushel bag as
a sample. These samples have just been received in Ottawa a few days ago, and
examples are being prepared to send to the exhibitions at Woolverhampton and Cork
and some will be preserved to show at the St. Louis exhibition, and others will be pre-
served for future exhibitions. I will give you some of the statements sent in by these
farmers.
Here is one from Z[r. Johnston, of Qu'Appelle. He had S0 acres and grew 3,600
bushels of Red Fife wheat, an average of 45 bushels to the acre.
]Ir. R. Alexander, of Regina, on 49 acres, grew 2,117 bushels, an average of 43
bushels to the acre.
Mr. Stueck, of Abernethy, had only one acre of land in summer-fallow, and from
this he got 62 bushels. That is the highest yield we have heard of in field culture.

By Mr. Clarity :
Q. It would appear that this wheat has been carefully screened, and that the
smaller grains, although perfect, have been taken out.
A. Yes. It has been screened slime we received it. We usually take out the very
small gTain when preparing samples for exhibition.

By Mr. Robinson (Elgin) :
Q. These samples would all rank as o. 1 hard ?
A. o, I think not; some of them are a little bleached.
about o. 1 orthern.

I think they would grade

10 THE DIRECTOR, EXPERIMENTAL FAR|I,q
2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902
Q. 5[y only point was, I wondered whether the land was giving out or maintaining
its ertility and producing as good results as it did when we had the virgin soil in
Manitoba over thirty years ago .
A. I think on the Portage plains, where in many instances twenty to twenty-five
crops have been taken off, the yield is not so large, although the average 2or Manitoba
is pretty nearly the same as the average which the Territorial government has given
'or the Territories, that is, about twenty-five bushels. But you must bear in mind
that in the Territories there are probably a larger proportion o inexperienced armers,
and a go,d many that have sown their grain on resh ploughed land and stubble, and
have given it very little cultivation, and you have to take these small crops and put
them with the larger ones, and that brings down the average to twenty-five bushels.

By Ho. Mr. Fisher :
Q. "With regrd to the average, I suppose that is or the actual area o wheat in
any one year without reerence to how much summer-allowing there was to it .
A. Certainly, it takes in the whole area in wheat or the year.
($. I think, in Manitoba there is a larger area in summer-allow there, alternately,
or every second year, than there is in the Territories in proportion, is there not ?
A. I think, perhaps, there is. There is not so much summer-allowing o land
in Southern or Northern Alberta; the largest amount o2 summer-allowing is in East-
ern .kssiniboia.
Q. Is there as much in proportion as there is in Manitoba ?
A. I think probably there is as large a proportion in that part o2 the Territories
as there is in ]Ianitoba, but taking the w]mle wheat area in Manitoba, there is a larger
proportion o summer-allowing than there is in the whole o the wheat land in the
Territories.
Q. But the yield rom summer-allow will be greater .
A. Yes, much greater.

By Mr. Devis :
Q. The samples you have here are nearly all rom :Eastern Assiniboia, 2rom the
districts surrounding the arm ?
A. Yes.
Q. You have no means o getting samples rom the other districts, 2rom Saskatche-
v,'nn, or example. O course, there is no experimental arm there, and you have no
means, I suppose, o getting information rom that district .
A. Oh, yes, we have received a number o samples rom all parts o2 the Torth-
west, as there are armers everywhere who co-operate with us in testing the best varie-
ties. It is not practicable to bring a very large number o samples with me here, and
among those chosen this morning I do not hppear to have brought any 2rom that dis-
trict.
Q. But it is natural that the 2armers in the districts surrounding the experimental
arms obtain greater advantages rom them than those at a distance .
A. There is no doubt that the people living ]mar the experimental arms have a
greater opportunity o benefiting rom the work o the arms than those who live
200 or 300 miles away. But armers everywhere can receive the reports o the 2arm
containing all the results o the experiments i they apply or them, and they can
then read or themselves and learn what results have been obtained, and in this way
every l'armer can derive profit rom the work we do. They can also get samples rom
the i'arms or tests, o the most productive and best sorts o grain, which are sent 2tee
to all those who ask or them.
Q. As it is now, you raise a sample o2 wheat like that on the experimental 2arm
in Assinibola in the Territories, which answers the requirements o2 that particular sec-
tion very well, but the Territories are so large that it might not be any good in another

12 THE DIRECTOR. EXPERIMENTAL FAR II.S"
2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902
THE CROPS OF 1901 IN [ANITOBA
Wheats.--The crops in Manitoba, although not quite so heavy were very fine. At
the experimental farm at Brandon the best twelve varieties of spring wheat gave an
average return of thirty-six bushels fifty-seven pounds to the acre, the Goose wheat
heading the list with a yield of forty-two bushels. The Goose, however, is a hard trans-
lucent whcat, not very glutinous, and is not much in demand in .Ianitoba. although
it sells at a very good figre in Ontario, where it is bought by exporters to send to
France and Germany and other countries, where it is used very largely.
By Mr. Robinson (Elgi) :
Q. It has more value now than formerly ?
A. Yes, there is a larger demand for it now than there was a few years ago. But
whether our own millers use any of it I do not know, but the demand abroad is quite
large. It is an excellent wheat for the making of nacaroni or pie crust, or any kind
of pastry where a light porous dough is not required, and in France that wheat is
regarded as one of the best wheats for bread-making. They do not care for a very
light porous bread, but prefer bread which is more solid, and the Goose wheat and all
that class of wheat known there as hard wheats, varieties of Trilicttm durum, are re-
garded as of superior quality even to our Red Fife wheat in the North-west.
But whvn you get to England there is a different standard there, and the highly
glutinous wheats of the North-vest are much preferred. It will thus be seen that
markets can be i'ound for all sorts of wheats.
in oats, the average of the best twelve sorts at the Brandon experimental farm
gave b8 bushels 10 pounds per acre, the heaviest crop being that of the Early Maine,
which gave 91 bushels 26 pounds per acre.
Barleys.--In six-rowed barleys, the best six soris averaged 46 bushels 12 pounds
per acre, Mensury taking the lead with 48 bushels 16 pounds. The best six sorts of
two-rowed barleys yielded somewhat less, averaging 41 bushels 42 pounds per acre,
the highest yielder being the Jarvis, one oi" the new hybrid sorts, which have been pro-
duced at the experimental farms.
Pease also did very well there, the twelve best sorts giving an average of 40 bushels
18 pounds per acre, the Paragon heading the list with 43 bushels to an acre.
Indian corn was a good crop at Brandon last year, and cut green for ensilage,
gave an average of 21 tons 1,472 pounds per acre.
'lhe best six sorts of turnips gave an average return oi" 2. tons 1,.60 pounds per
acre.
The six best sorts of mangels yielded an average of 38 tons 164 pounds per acre.
The six most productive sorts oi carrots averaged 19 tons 1,673 pounds per acre.
and the our lmaviest yielding sugar beets gave an average of 28 tons 1,420 pounds per
acre.

By Mr. Robbson (ElgiO :

Q. l-Iow is the soil prepared for mangels and carrots ?
A. By summer-fallowing.
Q. And manure .
A. Sometimes barnyard manure is used. It is not practical, however, to use this
manure to any extent, as it makes the soil open and porous and produces unfavourable
conditions if the season is very dry. The best twelve varieties of potatoes at Brandon
yielded an average of 597 bushels and three pounds per acre. These figures indicate
the excellence of the crops all through the Canadian North-west.
Since the general law that like produces like has a bearing on seed grain, it was
deemed important to secure our main supplies of seed graiu for distribution this year

FARM CROI'8 OF ('A3rADA IN 1901 
APPENDIX No. 1
Q. As a matter of fact the crops grown this year were grown without irrigation 
A. Yes. When I said the yield wa from 30 to 40 bushels of fall wheat r acre,
I did not include the land about Stirling and agrath, but that about Cardston and
Pincher Creek where the land has been well worked.
Q. The settlemeuts along the foothills are in a better position in regard to mois-
ture (
A. They usually are. This year they have been able  raise good crops without
irrigation.
Q. As a matter of fact, that has en done in previous years ]
A. Yes, it has.
Q. The idea seems to prevail that as a matter of aet the crops iu that part of the
country are all dependent on irrigation, whereas the fact is, that whatever may be the
case in future, so far the crops in that country have en raised almost entire
without irrigation 
A. Not altogether this year. I met with farms occasionally a]og the line of the
irrigation canal where the ttlers had used water quite freely. The water was avail-
ble fairly early this spring, but in bringing water over a farm a god deal of work
is required in making small channels with arrangements for supplying and cutting off
She war, and as they have been busy building their houses and tting oilier pre-
paratory work done, they have not had time to complete their arrangements for irri-
gating and the necessity did not force itself on them this year bccause the season was
not as dry as usual.

HOLSE OF COMMONS,
CO)IIITTEE ROOM 34,
OTTAWA, Wednesday, March 12, 1902.

The Select Standing Committee on Agriculture and Colonization met lmre this
day at ten o'clock a.m., Mr. Legris, Chairman, presiding.
:Dr. S_VNDERS was present by request of the committee, and submitted the follow-
ing evidence :-
Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen,--When I had the pleasure of appearing before
you yesterday I brought under your notice some facts with regard to the crops in the
great :North-west, embracing the provinces of Manitoba and the Territories. My
remarks ended with my arrival at the town of Pincher. Some one or two members
made inquiries from me in relation to the winter wheat which is being grown at
Pincher and all over that foot-hill country around Cardstou, and I pronfised to bring
a sample of the wheat this morning. These are the samples of the winter wheat
grown in Pincher.
(Sample produced for inspection of committee.)
That is the beardless form of wheat. There is also a bearded form which I re-
ferred to yesterday under the name of Odessa, but of which I did not bring samples
with me.

THE DIRECTOR, EXPERI_ilEVTAL FARMS
2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902
TItE CROW'S IEST PASS DISTRICT.

Leaving Pincher I crossed the mountains through the Crow's Iqest Pass, and spent
a day at Fernie in the great coal districts of the Crow's/qest country where some large
companies are operatiug. At the time of my visit the output there was about 1,200
tons a day, and a great many men were employed in this work. It is quite a large sized
town which has been built up there. A large proportion of this coal is used for
making coke which is very valuable to the miners in the interior of British Columbia.
There were 300 coke ovens in operation at Fernie at that time, and it was very inter-
esting to go about among these and have explained the particulars in regard to the
conversion of coal into coke. One hundred more coke ovens were being built at
Fernie at that time. At St. Iichael also twenty-five miles east of Fernie 200 coke
ovens were in course of construction and some fine seams of coal are being opened
tbere. All the coke from these ovens is used for the smelting of ores in the mining
districts. Such coke as was used formerly had to be brought long distances, some of
it all the way from Wales and other countries. By the working of these coal mines,
and the production of coke in the Crow's Iqest Pass district, the cost of coke has been
greatly reduced and mining operations have received an encouraging stimulus. I
went into one of the mines and spent a morning there, and I could not but be struck
with the enormous quantities of coal in sight. This seam which has being worked
by the coal company was from 6 to 9 feet thick, most of it running 7 or 8 feet, and
wbile an immense quantity of coal has been taken out they are really only making
channels through their 6 foot seam, and leaving, I presume, nearly three-fourths of
the coal standing untouched, as support for the roof. This does away with the neces-.
sity of propping the roof of the mine, and they are wol;king it in this way right
through to the other side of the mountain, and when that point is reached the remain-
der of the coal will he taken out, sufcient propping being used as they come back to
prevent accidents. The supply in that one mine will probably last for several years.

By Mr. Clatcy :
Q. How deep do they go for that coal ?
A. They do not have to dig down at all as in many other mines. The entrance
to the mine is at the side of the mountain running into the seam a little above the
level. It is about 30 or 40 feet above the railway where entrance is made. The
mountains there seem to be literally filled with coal and evidences of coal seams are
very common.

By Mr. Robinson (Elgin) :
Q. Is the coal at that mine anthracite or bituminous ?
A. The coal is bitmninous. The anthracite coal is found nearer to the foot-hills
of the mountains. It is near Banff, at Anthracite and Canmore.
Q. This would be a softer coal then ?
A. This is a softer coal, and is said to be very much like the Welsh coal, which
is highly esteemed for the manufacture of coke for mining operations.

FARM CROPS IN BRITISH COLUhIBIA.

Passing through farther westward, I arrived at the experimental farm in Agassiz
early in September, and found the crops there very promising.
When the returns were all in we found that the twelve best varieties of oats in
the experimental plots at Agassiz had averaged 95 bushels 17 pounds per acre. The
Golden Tartarian headed the list with 103 bushels 18 pounds to the acre. The great
difference in the clinmte in British Columbia as compared with the Iqorth-west and

FARM CROP,g OF CANADA IN 1901 49
APPENDIX No. 1
The Indian/-Iead farm, when it was selected, was a piece of bare prairie, with not
a stick of timber or a shrub in sight. On that farm now there are about 130,000 trees.
Here are some views which have been taken on that farm. (Views shown to the com-
mittee). This one shows the planting in the first year around the barns. You can see
how wind-swept these trees look. We had difficulty in establishing them. Here is a
picture of the same place taken this last year. There is the house and the barns era-
bowered in trees of about ten or eleven years growth.

By Mr. Wilson :
Q. Have you a picture of the Brandon farm ?
A. Yes ; here is one of the first year's growth of the avenue trees, and there is
another showing the avenue as it is at present, where you will see that the trees have
grown quite large.

By Mr. StepIens:
Q. There is no difficulty, is there, professor, in growing trees out there 
A. zNo, sir ; none worth speaking of, if you choose hardy trees for planting.
There is a picture from the top of the barns showing the tree plantation on the Indian
Head farm. We have put out into blocks of 5 acres each a shelter belt 100 feet wide
on two sides of the farm and nearly two miles long. All the roads through the farm
are also planted with avenues or hedges.

By ]lr. Wilson:
Q. Who will give us the results of the cattle experiments at Brandon 
A. I shall be glad to give you information on that subject. There is a picture
of a sheltered inclosure, showing the flower garden near the house at the Indian Head
farm, and this is a view of some of the shelter hedges provided for the growing of
small fruits and vegetables. There are some of the ornamental hedges on the farm.
Q. How long have these trees been planted 
A. Eleven or twelve years. We are doing work in tree planting every year, but
it was begun fourteen years ago.
Q. And some of these are 30 feet high now ?
A. Yes.

By Mr. Heyd:
Q. What means have you of disseminating the valuable information we get here
so as to reach the ordinary farmer ?
A. In our annual reports on the work of the experimental farms. It is not iu
exactly the same form as it is given here, but most of the information is there.
Q. But how does it get to the farmer who wishes to profit by it ?
A. Every individual who sends an application, on which he is not required to pay
postage, can get a copy of the report. We have about 50,000 names on the permanent
mailing list now and others are added as fast as they come in.

By lr. Robinson (Elgin) :

Q. :Members of the House have a certain number to distribute too, have they not .
A. zNo provision has been made to supply any special number of copies for mem-
bers. This was formerly done, but it was found that in many cases members sent
copies to farmers in their constituency who were already receiving them through
personal application. Any members receiving requests for the reports will oblige by
sending them to me and their wishes will be complied with at once.

1---4

IX,ECTS, FUNGO["S DISEASES,--TESTED REMEDIES 61
APPENDIX No. 1
which was passed through the fumigating house and been kept there for the prescribed
45 minutes, showed a single living scale insect. This plan is also applicable for small
trees and fruit bushes out of doors, but on account of the size and cost of the tents
required for larger trees, as well as their perishable nature and the difficulty of hnd-
ling them on windy days. the expense of this remedy has prevented it from coming
into very extensive use. Where fumigating can be practised, it is perhaps the surest
remedy of all.
The hydrocyanic acid gas is very de,qd]y to ,ql] animsl life, ana if applicable to
large trees would undoubtedly be the best treatment of all for the San Eos Scale.
By an ho. member:
Q. Does t require the use of a tent ?
A. It requires the use of a tent, and thee tent are very perishable. The handling
and raising nd folding of them. seems to destroy them much sooner than might be
expected from the use of ordinary tents. The splashing of the sulphuric acid, which
sometimes tkes place when the cayanide is dropped iuto it, makes it boil up for a
moment, nd if it fall on the canvas, it destroys the tent. On small trees and bushes
such a mkeshift s an ordinary tight barrel gives excellent results. This is convenient
for use on rose bushes, gooseberry and currant bushes. Excellent work has been
done by :rt[r. Fisher, in Ontario, wilh ordinary tight apple barrels with the cracks closed
with clay, &c. Petroleum barrels are too heavy to handle. The apple barrels gave
excellent results. On bushes treated early in he spring, there was no sign of the insect
ia the autumn.
These are the three remedies which I consider are practical if applied carefully,
whale-oil soap, in the proportion of two and a-half pounds to one imperial gallon of
water, and, when this soap is made with potash, it remains liquid and can be used
through an ordinary spraying nozzle. Crude petroleum applied as a mechanical mix-
ture with water, one-fifth of the whole mixture being oil, nd fumigation with hydrocy-
anic cid gas for 45 minutesfor every 100 cubic feet one ounce of cyanide of
potassium, one ounce of sulphuric cid and three ounces of water. The cubic contents
of the inclosure must be calculated and the gas generated to the required amount.

THE LOCUST PEST,--REfEDY FOR IT DISCOVERED.

The outbreak of injurious insects which probably was of most importance from
th iljury done last year, w,s of locusts or grasshoppers in :rt[anltoba. This occurred
over exactly the same area as during the year before. Owing to the phenomenal wheat
crop of 1901, in the west, little was known of the injury except in the localities where
th? loss was felt.
The announcement I wish to make now, is of a very excellent practical remedy
which was discovered by a wideawake young farmer of ][anitoba, named ][r. Norman
Criddle, of Aweme. This gentleman, who is a student of natural history, had noticed
in driving along the roads, that grasshoppers always collected thickly wherever there
were any horse droppings on the road. The old remedy, which had given good results
in checking the ravages of grasshoppers in California, viz., a mixture of bran and Paris
green had been used to some extent. This remedy, however, seemed to those who had
not tried it, such an unpractical remedy that it was difficult to get farmers to adopt
it, especially when they had to pay $18 to $9,0 a ton for bran. Although very effective,
it certainly was, with bran at such a price, an exceedingly costly remedy. When [r.
Criddle noticed that the grasshoppers devoured the horse droppings so greedily, it
occurred to hin to substitute that material for the much more costly bran. Having
collected a supply of this material, he poisoned it with Paris green, and distributed
his around the edges of his wheat fields and secured most satisfactory results. He
took an ordinary coal oil barrel, cut it in half, and put the two tubs thus made, on a
waggon, having filled them with the poisoned mixture. He then drove around the

6" THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST, EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902
edge of his crop. One nmn "drove, while the other took an ordinary trowel and threw
the poison for about twenty to thirty feet out into the crop from the edge. The
result of this was very soon seen. The grasshoppers were attracted to the mixture
from a long distance and nyriads of them were poisoned. A neighbour of ][r. Criddle's
had 200 acres of whet. One hundred acres was destroyed entirely before the remedy
was applied ; but with this simple means he saved the other 100 acres, to the extent
of getting 1,700 bushels of wheat. On one hundred acres he got nothing at all, and on
the other 1,700 bushels of good wheat, as thc direct result of this work.
I had an opportunity of going through the whole of this district to examine it,
for the hlanitoba Government, last season, and found that wherever this remedy was
applied there were good crops, while in mauy other places there had been great destruc-
tion. The announcement of this remedy I consider very important, because wherever
grasshoppers occur in destructive numbers, it can be used. Such easily obtained
materials as horse droppings and Paris green make it a very convenient remedy, and
as it is very etilcacious, much saving will result in similar outbreaks, if we can only
persuade people that it is a good and practical remedy. It is so cheap that many will
try it. If it is used early enough in the season, when the chief injury is done, a large
proportion of the crop will be saved, even in bad grasshopper years. Very frequently
strious injuries are suffered because preventive measures are not taken in time. Mr.
Criddle's neighbour, ferred to, h[r. Vane, is quite sure he could have saved his whole
crop if he had applied the poison early enough. A farmer near Sewell Station, on the
Canadian Pacific Railway, lost 200 acres of wheat, which was eaten bare to the ground.
A neighbour of this gentlenmn, just a couple of miles off, applied the Paris green and
bran at first and afterwards the poisoned horse droppings, and reaped a good crop. I
visited his farm in the first week in July and counted dead grasshoppers lying all
th: eugh the crop. There had been a high wind for two days previous to my visit, and
the grasshoppers had gathered under a little headland for shelter. On a little patch
18 inches square, I counted 117 dead grasshoppers. Walking through the crop, you
could not put your foot down without touching some of them lying dead or dying from
eating the poison.
That shows the enormous number in which the insects occur, and the efficacy of
this simple remedy, which can be applied by any farmer without any special implements
and without very much labour.
At any rate, at that time of the year there is not very much to be done on a
[anitoba wheat farm.
By Mr. Wilso :
tQ- At what time of the year would you do that .
A. ] was there about July 1. The grasshoppers were then just getting their wings.
The poison should have been put out sooner.
By .Mr. Wright:
Q. In [anitoba ?
A. Yes, in Ianitoba.
By _lr. Wilson :
Q. I understood you to say a little earlier would have been better ?
A. I meant about a week or ten days sooner than it was applied, some time before
the grasshoppers get wings. The grasshoppers got fully developed wings about Euly
1, last year.
By Mr. Gould:
Q. Before the wheat has headed out ?
h. Yes. ]: was in Z[anitoba about the time the wheat was heading out. When
the young grasshoppers hatch from the egg, they are very small, less than a quarter

64

THE E5 TOMOLOGIT AND BOTANIT, EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
2 EDWAftD Vll.. A. .g02
By Mr. Wilson:
Q. ttorse manure is the cheapest mixture ?
A. :No doubt, and much more attractive to the grasshoppers.

HOW TO SAE BINDER TWINE FROth[ BEING EATEN OFF THE SHEAF.

Another interesting result which came up in these experiments with grasshoppers,
was the effect of adding salt to the mixture. A difficulty which is sometimes experi-
enced by farmers in Manitoba, is that field crickets and grasshoppers eat the binder
twine with which he grain is bound in the field, and this is a constant source of
trouble, and sometitnes a good deal of loss and extra labour results from this. ]Ir.
Vm,e nd ]Ir. Criddle tried several things, among others salt. They soaked their twine
in brine to see if that would prevent the insects from eating it. Instead of having the
desired effect, they found tlmt it was eaten much more readily. They therefore added
salt to the horse manure mixture, aud found that it was much more attractive as a
consequeuce. They herefore n,w a]w,ys add a pound or two of salt for every pound of
Paris green. Further, lhcy found tlmt the binder twine could be protected by soaking
it in a solution of bluestone, lwo pounds to seven gallons of water.

By Mr. Gotdd:

Q. I do not see how he could soak it, lhe balls are rolled solid.
,k. I[e soaked them in warm water, leaving them for half an hour.
Q. Iut the balls are so hard I should think they would not get saturated at all .
A. They did, and he then dried them by putting them up on the rails of a fence
to dry in the sun.

POISONI/'G SPARROWS AND GOPHERS.

By Mr. Johston (Cardwell) :
Q. Just before leaving that question of poisoning insects, can you give any sug-
gestion as to how to poison sparrows, which are becoming a great pest on the farms
and around barns .
A. I think strychniue is the poison generally used for that purpose.
Q. ]=[ow do you apply it ?
.. It is dissolved in alcohol, and theft after dilution with water, grain is soaked
in it.
Q. is there not a danger that the chickens might get it ?
A. ]es. There is danger of that, but it must be put out of their reach.
By Mr. Stewart:
Q. Large quantities of strychnine are used in l[anitoba to poison the gophers.
You need to use it in very small quantities ; one two-hundredth part of a grain will
kill a gopher. One grain of strychnine weighed in the druggist's scales, was dissolved
it water, and two hundred grains of wheat were counted out, and soaked in the water.
A single grain of wheat was enough to kill a gopher.
A. That may account for the failure of some of the experiments which have been
tried with sparrows. You see it frequently stated that at first a few sparrows are
poisoned, but the others soon learn, and will not after that touch the grain. It has
been found very frequently that sparrows after a short time cannot be poisoned. It
may be that the poison was applied too strong, and they detected its presence and would
not eat the grain.

102 TIE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BO'I'AhIIST, EAPERIMENTAL FARMS
2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902
experimenting vith. IIe covered it up deeply with salt, but the quantity required
made the remedy more expensive than anyone could apply on a large area, and also
rot.tiered the land useless for a time.
Q. If you were to put enough salt on the ground to cover the weed, would it
]Jill it ?
A. I think so.
Would it not come up somewhere else outside ?
If the root stocks had run out beyond the patch ; but you could extend the

A.
salt.
Q.
A.
leaves.

And keep extending the salt ?
Yes ; but no further growth of root stocks could be made, unless there were
Any plant which is prevented from forming leaves, must die of starvation.
The idea of using salt is to destroy the whole of the leaf surface until the root system
i. so exhausted that it cannot throw out any more shoots.

By Mr. McEwen :
Q. But apparently the roots will creep to some extent before you have salted
everywhere. After you have salted in every place you have seen it, it will come out
some place else 
A. Well, no ; the roots cannot keep growing uuless they have been filled vith
strength from the leaves. What are usually called roots of this plant are underground
stems, and these are only so persistent because they are filled with a large supply of
nosrishment, which is taken in by the leaves, and, unless there are healthy leaves ou
the plant, it cannot form root stocks.
Q. But suppose a field of say ten "acres, it would be almost utterly impossible to
salt it, in order to kill off these weeds. Unless there is some other way, it would not
be practicable, but of course on a small patch--
A. Quite so. That is why I said I had no practical remedy yet.
Q. A man who had his place covered with it, xvould have to have some other way
of dealing with it, or it would not be practicable 
A. Quite so. Like many introduced plants, it causes no trouble in F, ng-
lc d. It grows in every part of the south of England, and never causes any trouble.
Q. I understand it was imported here for grass purposes in the first place ?
A. It may have been, but I had not heard of that before ; it would not make a
very good crop.
Q. You get plenty of it ?
A. Well, hardly, if you were growing it as a crop.

LAWN GRASSES AND ZIANURES.

By 13Ir. Ross (Ontario):
Q. ttow would you renew a lawn that had been planted for say ten years and had
got tired, as it were, and was not doing very well, without breaking it up.
A. The soil conditions would probably be the chief trouble, because the land should
not become exhausted for a lawn, unless there was some reason for it in the way of
soil or drainage. Grass on lawns will sometimes get thin if the soil is too wet or it
is too much shaded, and moss will come in it. But on land that seems as if the con-
ditions were satisfactory, raking heavily in the spring and sowing a little ]entucky
blue grass and white clover would be the best way to renew it. A little white clover
is a good addition, unless it is preferred to have all grass. It forms a thick heavy
bcttom and binds the lawn. One trouble in seeding lawns is that people who want a
lawn, go to the seedsman and ask for a grass lawn mixture. This is a great mistake.
Yu want only one grass, Kentucky Blue Grass, or ffune Grass, as we call it in Can-
ada This is the very best grass for a lawn in any part of the world, where lawns

ELECT DAIRY CATTLE,--FEEDING TO MAKE BEEF 169
APPENDIX No. 1
By Mr. Avery :
Q. Do you find the milking machines not a success ?
A. So far, the milkingmachiue has not been a success. They are working on this
machine in Great ]3ritaiu now.

B./ Mr. Wright :
Q. Is tlmt the Thistle nmchine ?
A. ]es ; and a modification of it. which is being manufactured by a firm iu Glas-
gow, I think the name is ]'[acdonald.

By Mr. Ross (Otario):
Q. I think it will he a great boon to have a milkiua" machine ?
A. Yes ; this machine, one of which I saw working ne.qr Windsor. in England,
was doing' very good work |here.

By Mr. ll'rigbt :
Q. That is the improved one ?
A. Yes.

By 3It. 3lcGowan :
Q. Does it finish out the cc)w ?
A. It leaves her in very .o_'ood shape, the man said. and I tried a number of them,
and they were dry.
By Mr. Avery :
Q. Is there any chance that the machine would be working on the cow after the
milk is all gone, and vould not that hurt her ?
A. They have been trying to arrange it so that it will slacken off when there is
no milk coming. The greatest ifficulty in the milking machines, is the diversity of
teat ; one cow will have a great big teat, and another one a small teat ; one will be
rough, and the next smooth. In the same cow, you will find very great differences. She
may have one small one and one may be very large, and every little peculiarity of the
teat affe.cts the usefulness, the effectiveness of the machine. Herein lies the chief
difficulty.
By Mr. McLeod :
IQ. Is the machine hard to keep clean ?
A. :Not this recently patented one. They have designed a method, making it
simple to clean, so that hot water will clean it. The chief difficulty with the early
machines was that it was practically impossible to cleanse the rubber tubing and clamp
or teat cover.
By Mr. Ross (Ontario):
Q. Is it something like a rubber clamp that takes hold of the udder
A. It is something in the shape of a thimble, which they have, with a tube in the
end. This thimble fits right up over the teat. It is long, and the teat is drawn right
into it by the air suction.
By Mr. McEwen:
Q. The stripping process is as by hand ?
A. Yes ; the same stripping process. There is a species of intenuittent valve
which goes 'chuck, chuck, chuck,  and each chuck means a pressure on the teat, and
each intermission means a relaxation of the pressure.

190 MNAGER PO[ LTRY BRANCH, CEZ-TRAL E-.1PERIMENTAL FAR]I
2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902
pure bred poultry, for themselves and for the couutry. They did not appear to be alive lo
the importance of gettiug rid of their mongrel or nondescript fowls. What was
wanted by their firm were three nmnths' old chicks as early in the season as possible.
They held a large order from an English firm for chickens of that age.
.kt this point permit me to say that when 1 made a similar statement at a
farmers' institute meeting, held under the auspices of the Cornwall and Stormont
Institute, at Moose ('reek. not far from here. la.-t November, a leading farmer who
was at the meeting, said 'that he considered the statement in regard to the three
months' old chicken the most importaut he had heard in connection with poultry-
raising, for it was so easy for the farmers of le country to produce chickens of that
age. It was a statement that every farmer in the country should hear.' Mr. C. W.
Young, proprietor of the ' ('ornwall Freeholder," who is Secretary of the Institute, and
who vas present at fle meeting, endorsed the statement of the farmer as to the value
of the fact being known throughout the country and gave it a prominent place in his
paper.
Through your Committee, in the shape of my printed evidence, this information
will be widely circulated and will doubtless be of benefit. There are many large
companies now purchasing poultry for export to the English market, and their buyers
all say that the great difdculty is in securirg birds of the superior quality in numbers
enough. Surely, there is a great field open to our farmers in this branch of farm
production.
An interesting feature of this demand for pure bred hlrds, is the practical method
adopted by some of the large purchasing firms in order to secure the required amount
of poultry. We find Messrs. l}uudas, 'lavelle &- Co., of Lindsay, Ont., sendi:g out
a lecturer to reach the farmers, their wives and daughters, in school houses and small
halls. And, Gentlemen, this is really the class of people we want to reach. At these
smaller gatherings, ,note like family gatherings, if you so like to call them, the
agent nd lecturer had great opportunity to enforce the necessity of adopting a uni-
form type of fowl. Barred Plymouth Iloeks, Mr. Silverwood, the agent, of Iessrs.
Dundas, laveile & Co. advocated, and he could not have made a better choice. The
names of those who were willing to raise a number of chickens for the firm were alo
taken down and in this way practical interest was excited and practical results
secured. Another featur was the sending out by the same firm of many hundreds
of dozens of eggs of the breeds mentioned, to farners in surrounding districts. [any
dozens of Barred Plymouth Cockerels were also distributed and all with the object
of inducing the farmers to breed the superior quality of birds in the quantity desired.
It was not sentiment that prompted the firm to do this. It was only a business-like
move after all, for the nore chickens of the right kind the farmers produced, the
nore would the firm be able to procure for shipment. If it meant money to the farmer,
it also meant money to the firm. It is a fair instance of the trend of development.
We find that the manager of one of the large purchasing companies of Toronto
has also been at farmers' institute meetings last winter, with the object of instructing
the farmers as to the quality and quantity of the poulry required by his firm for ship-
ment to England. Iis advice and iustruetion to the farmers were of the most practi-
cal kind and all the more valuable on that account.
We again read of a large poultry and game dealer in )[ontreal, engaging an
experienced poultry man at a generous salary to go among the farmers and select
the desirable quality of birds, and so the good work goes rapidly on.

HOW OUR FARMERS MAY TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE DIFFERENT MARKETS.

We will now consider how our farmers can respond to the requirements of the
different markets. In order to take advantage of their opportunities to make money
by obtaining the eggs in winter and the rapid flesh-forming chickens in early sunnner
the farmers must be equipped with,--

EDWARD VII.

APPENDIX No. 1

A. 1902

PART II

IMMIGRA'IION AND

COLONIZATION

280 THE DEPUTY MINISTER OF THE INTERIOR
2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902
desire such information, the opportunities offered by accepting the free grant of 160
acres of land which may be obtained from the Government of Canada, by every male
settler of eighteen years of age and upwards.
lermit me to inform you incidentally, that specially conducted parties (in charge
of representatives of the Canadian Government) will start from Liverpool and Glas-
gow during the months of [arch and April Those who form these parties will receive
personal attention from the government agents whose duty it will be to see that.he
passengers are well looked.after on the voyage, and, on their arrival in Canada, to
assist in any way they properly can, their satisfactory location on farms. Those who
do not desire to settle on the land immediately, will of course have the assistance of
the Government officials in sccuring positions with agriculturists.
It is needless to say that the experience of thousands of settlers in Canada indi-
cates that persons of industrious habits, who settle on aud cultivate farms there, may
look forward confidently to success, and to a prosperous future, which they could not
depend upon to a similar extent in any other country. I am confirmed in this opinion
by 'Ir. J. ,k. Smart, the Deputy ][inister of the Interior of Canada, who is now on a
brief visit to the United Kingdom in the interests of emigration to the Dominion.
The advantages offered are amongst others :
1. A free grant of ]60 acres on condition of hee years' residence and simple
improvements on the land.
2. Great success in grain-growing, cattle and sheep raising, dairying or mixed
farming, is more certain in Canada than in any other country in the world, to those
willing to work and exercise economy, especially during the first few years. (Reliable
testimony to this effect is being constantly received from persons in Canada who have
emigrated from the British Isles.)
3. n no country is law and order more readily observed.
4. ]Iealthy climate.
5. Its educational institutions are among the best in the world--the public schools
being free schools.
6. The establishment of churches of all denominations is always ound to go
hand in hand with settlement.
7. Railways penetrate all settled districts, and are being constructed as rapidly
as settlement demands, often in advance of settlement.
8. Good markets and good prices for products which are always easily disposed of.
9. Farming in Canada is exceedingly easy and remunerative.
10. Civil and religious liberty receive the fullest recognition.
11. hot the least of the advantages is the fact that Canada is a ]ritish colony, and
that those who settle iu the Dominion in no way alter their allegiance, and remain
tritish subjects in the truest sense of the term.
Too much emigration has gone on in times past from the United ]Kingdom to
foreign countries. I am sure you will agree with me that it is to the advantage of the
mother eountry as well as to Canada and the Fmpire generally, that a strong' endeavour
should be made to direct ]ritish emigrants to the great Dominion, where the ]ritish
flag flies from the Atlantic to the laeifie, and whose doors are opened to people of
the mother country who may desire to better their positions and to build up homes
for themselves and their children.
telieve me,
ours faithfully,
(Sgd.) STRATHCOA,
High Cornmissfoner for Canada.

By Mr. Blain :
Q. That is a good circular.
A. Then we put another circular---

308 THE DEPUTY MINI,TER OF THE INTERIOR
2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902
any special work, application should be made to [r. Preston, and if convenient, he will
arrange for himself or ]Vr. Duncan or ]Vr. Webster, to render the assistance that may
be required.
12. In arranging for these general regulations there is but one purpose in view,
and that is to promote the best interests of emigration work from the United King-
dom to Canada, and it is therefore felt that the agents should endeavour to work in
harmony with one another to attain the object in view, and it is expected that each
will in his own district adopt the best means at his disposal to secure the most de-
sirable settlers for Canada.
13. The general advertising for the present year has been practically arranged for
by the Deputy ]inister of the Interior and r. W. J. White, who have been specially
instructed by the [inister of the Interior with regard to this phase of the work, so
that any further advertising that may be required may be done through the local
agents.
I may add that from all I can gather, I feel satisfied that the present year will see
a very largely increased number of people removed to Canada from Great Britain and
Ireland, and if our uew arrangements, which cannot but be satisfactory to the various
agents, result in such a desirable end, it will largely be due to the active and ag-
gressive work of the department and its representatives on this side.
I may add that there is no intention in any way to belittle the efforts which have
been made in the past, Ss I feel certain from what I can gather that our agents have
done everything it has been possible to do, but they all agree with me that more
finite arrangements will give more satisfactory results.

Memorandum for Mr. Preston :

UP-TOWN EXHIBIT AND OFFICE.

I am more than satisfied that this is absolutely necessary, but the offices which
have been offered to us so far are in my opinion not sufficiently satisfactory. To en-
able me to come to a conclusion, I have gone into detail in connection with this in my
general memorandum on the subject. o office should be taken unless in a thorough-
fare ; this is very necessary indeed.

-Memorandum for .Mr. Preston :

TRANSFER OF EXHIBITS.

In view of the change that is to take place in the office at Liverpool, it has oc-
curred to me that it would be wise to have most of the exhibits transferred to your
office here for inspection by intending emigrants who call at the office. In this con-
nectlon I may say that the department will at once arrange for a large supply of ex-
hibits and we hope to keep this up continually, so that the official agents may be
supplied with all that is necessary with regard to this.

.Memorandum for .Mr. Preston :

CHANGE IN HOURS OF OFFICE ATTENDANCE.

In accordance with our conversation, I hope that you will be able to arrange as
soon as possible for an alteration of the office hours. My own impression is that they
should be from 9 till 5 and that one of the clerks should remain until 6. If you
think wise, however, no objection could be made to making the hour 9.30, but as T
have observed since being here, that there are many callers for information, it would
be well to make the hours as early as it can be conveniently fixed.

EXECUTIVE EMIGRATIOH WORK IH THE UHITED KIHGDOM 309

APPENDIX No. 1

Then, with reference to the change of the rooms, I think this ought to be done
at once, and I understand that you hsve already arranged for it. It is very desirable
that they should be so arranged that people coming into the office will not be placed
in the same room with stenographers and clerks, and in this way interfere with the
clerks, which also seems to me to make it a little awkward for the persons calling.
The stenographers and clerks should now be in the room occupied by ]r. Just, and
he ought to have a desk in the larger room with one person to assist him. Of course
vhen ]r. Webster and r. Duncan arrive, you will have to readjust the matter again
to suit the convenience of the office as well as possible.
In connection with the change of office hours, I think that the same rule should
apply to all the agencies, unless the hours are satisfactory ; I mean agencies whero
there are clerks beside the agent.

Witness retired.

THE EXECUTIVE IMMIGRATION WORK OF

321

APPENDIX No. 1
A. I am inclined to think that the effect of such an agitation would be to make the
railways raise the rates all around instead of cheapening them.
JBy Mr. Sproule :
Q. I think we would be justified in asking the railway companies to reduce the rate.
The argument was advanced strongly as one of the reasons for granting the land grant
to the' Canadian Pacific Railway that in that way we would enlist the company as
immigration agents, and that would give such inducements to that company to induce
people to come to the land and settle, zNow, so long as these companies have the very
large interest in land they have there, I think the Government might very properly
apply to them for a reduction of rates, and to have a change in their policy so that
instead of giving an advantage to outsiders there would be no discrimination against
those that pay the taxation for the construction of the railway.
JBy Mr. Hughes (Victoria) :
Q. A Russian from Odessa'is landed at Edmonton for $50, but a man from
Prince Edward Island cannot land there for that price to save his soul ?
A. So far as that is concerned, the immigrant rate from Quebec to Winnipeg is
$19, from Winnipeg to points either in Manitoba or the Territories, the rate is about
a cent or a cent and a-half. It is about 1,040 miles from Winnipeg to Edmonton, and
since they have done away with the free transportation west from Winnipeg they are
charging a $10 rate from Winnipeg.
Q. ] am not finding fault with ][r. Pedley, because he has done everything that
can be done, but I will bring it to the attention of the House.

JBy Mr. Httghes (King's) :
Q. They can get out on the harvest rate ?
A. The position of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the company with which we
have the most dealings, because it has been up to the present the most largely inter-
ested company in immigration, and land settlement policy of the Govermnent, the
position is that they of their own free will and accord, drop the rates away down to
almost nothing. They gave a $19 rate from ocean ports to Winnipeg and carried them
free beyond that. You can turn p a lot of correspondence of our officers in the
Winnipeg office from time to time, complaining that there is a tendency to charge
from Winnipeg west. Tow they are charging about a cent or a cent and a quarter
a mile. If you are going to make a uniform rate the question is, is the company
charging a fair local rate.

JBy Mr. Wilson :
Q. They must be carrying them very much less than cost ?
A. If they are charging a fair rate, if the second class rate which obtains from
one point of Canada to another, is a fair and reasonable rate, the question would be
how far the company can be induced to reduce it in favour of people moving from one
point on their line to another.

By 2Jr. Cochrane :
Q. If you will pardon me, is it not a fact that the Canadian Pacific Railway and
that large holders or syndicates that have invested in lands in the :North-west Terri-
tories are the most active immigration agents to-day that are to be had ? That they
make their own rates very low, offer free transportation to those desiring to see these
lands, and are endeavouring in one part of it, that is the syndicate holding the lands,
to endeavour to make the sales, and that the railway companies, especially the Cana-
l-;1

THE EXECUTIVE IMMIGRATION WORK OF 1901
APPENDIX No. 1
California.
54250 c. J. Nelson, Kingsburyo Fresno Co., 14734 Win. H. Thomley, San
California. Washington St.

101231 Chas. F. Soper, Medecine Lodge.

15879 J. B. Anderson, Idaho Falls.

51985 J. J. Barge, Beemer.
75861 A. S. Fielding, Lincoln.

55997 A. W. Alexander, Burnham.

72921 A. M. Guittard, Arthur.
104844 W. R. Perty, Ashton.
Jos. Gamey, Harvey.
110057 Rev. Father Bonrassa, Pullman.

47195 R. A. Burr

369

Francisco, 352

Kansas.
181459 Jos. w. sims, Howard, Elk Co.

Idaho.

Nebraska.

104493 D. R. Buck, Omaha.
107849 G. F. West, Omaha, 1401 Franam St.

Pennsylvania.
20338 Saml. Dunseith, Pittsburg, room 74, 339
Fifth St.

Illinois.

122152 L. B. Dickey, Chicago.
130096 J. B. Green, Ramsay.
161332 W. A. Shonkwiler. Atwood.
161331 R. S. Eiworthy, Chicago.

Ontario, Canada.
Port Arthur. 89471 Oliver B. Stockford, Rat Portage.

North-west Territories.

10935 H. L. Briggs, Olds, Eastlohs Ranche.

Utah.

105732 Alan Wakeling, Robinson, Juab Co.
Massachusetts.
H. E. Street, Boston, 410 Tremont Bldg.
Montana.

J. w. Taylor, Salt Lake City.

41200 Waiter Matheson, Helena 111 6th Ave. 128560 Win. Sanderone, Fort Benton.
145237 John Smith, Havre.
England.
111402 c. w. Heywood, Blackpool, 53 Osborne
Road, South Shore.
Kentucky.
167216 w. J. Daran, Louisville. 118072 M. V. Bates, Cedar Grove, Menifee
(Hungarian.)
68998 Zoltan Von Rajos, Prince Albert.
1--24

37 THE SPERINTENDE1VT OF DOMI1VION IMMIGRATION
2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902
A. Ie often makes reports, when he comes back he is in the oflce for a couple of
weeks, and I discuss with him various features of the work, for the purpose of putting
it on as good a footing as possible.
By Mr. Wilson :
Q. Have your agents on salary in the United States kept up reports from month
to month to you ?
A. Yes, they keep up their reports from week to week.
Q. From week to week ? Do they give a report for every day 
A. They send in a diary weekly. They keep a record from day to day and forward
it to the department weekly.
By Mr. Davis :
Q. Is there anything more, ]Ir. ledley ?
A. I am in the hands of the Committee.
Q. I suppose you can get that return 
A. Anything that comes I can lay before the Committee.
By Mr. Clancy :
Q. When ][r. Pedley gets the certilcatcs, I would like him to appear before the
Committee. I do not wish to take up the time of the Committee until I get them.
Ilow will Thursday next suit :Mr. Fedley ?
A. That suits me. I think all the information asked for will be ready by that time.
By Mr. Blain :
Q. ][r. ledley there is a very gelerl complaint among the farmers in Ontario of
scarcity of labour on the farms ? Is there any special effort being made to have farm
labourers come here ?
A. Well, the efforts of the department are directed to securing as immigrants for
this country what would be known as the farmer proper and the farm labourer. We
have in the United States a great many of' the people coming from there who are
farmers proper. They go right on the farms and either as homesteaders or purchasers
take up their land and work it. In the old country a great many of those who come
out belong to the farm labourer class, and so I am not prepared to say that we arc
making what you would call a special effort to bring out the farm labourer, but our
efforts are directed to bring out persons of the farmer class which as a general thing
may be subdivdcd as farmers proper and farm labourers.

OUSE OF COMIONS,
COIIITTEE lOO[ 84,
" TUSD.Y, :March 13, 190"2.
The Select Standing Committee on Agriculture and Colonization met here to-day
at ten o'clock a.m., :Mr. Legris, Chairman, presiding.
ir. Frank Fedley, Superintendept of Immigration was present by re-call of the
Committee, and continued his evidence, as follows :--
:Mn. IEDLEL--There are one or two matters which I did not dispose of at
the last meeting, and one of them I have to in_form the Committee I have not com-

THE EXECUTIVE IM IIIGRATION WORK OF 1901 95
APPENDIX No. 1
we have a large account we hold it over so that we can make a very careful examination
in order to prevent any overlapping of the certificates.
Q. ttave you the statement produced here at the last meeting showing the num-
ber of persons who came in ? (Statement produced by Secretary of Committee.)
A. These are the forms which our agents are supplied with containing certificates.
(Sample books of certificates produced.)
Q. Are these counterfoils all returned to you ?
A. No.
Q. Tot all returned .
A. Tone virtually. I must explain to you, mr. Clancy, that the counterfoils are
really of no use to us at all, because we do not pay upon counterfoils, but upon the
accepted certificate.
By Mr. Wright :
Q. This is one of the books you keep to file them in ?
A. That is one of the books that we issue to the agents. The counterfoil is
simply for his own information,, that he may keep track of the business he has done,
but we, as a department, only take notice of the certificates collected from the railway
company or the customs officer.
By Mr. Clancy :
Q. There appears to be two forms, one to the railways and one for the customs
officer ?
A. Yes, one is for the railway, and means a reduction of rates to the holder,
and the other is for the use of our own customs agent, and is taken up at the frontier.
Q. Do you keep a record of these certificates ? ttave you a book containing those
certificates as you receive them ?
A. Tot in the sense you mean. I have a book--
Q. Well, you do not understanl what I mean yet. I asked you if you have a book
containing the record of the receipt of these certificates.
A. Tot of all.
Q. Of a portion of them ?
A. Yes. Of that portion upon which we pay.
Q. Just turn up your book please ?
A. Yes, there it is.
Q. Turn up to the last fiscal year ?
A. That is impossible.
Q. You cannot turn up for the last fiscal year ?
A. Certainly not.
By Mr. Wright :
Q. ttow do you number these ?
A. You will see that these certificates which are for the reduced rates, have a
printed rotation number. When an agent issues one of these certificates, he should
also at the same time issue one of these customs certificates, and put in that the same
number as in the railway certificate.

By Mr. Clancy :
Q. Just turn up the certificate entry for those who went through he Zorth-west
Territory and ]anitoba .
A. I cannot do it.
Q. Well, turn up the certificates for the last year ?
A. I cannot do it.
Q. When did it commence ?
A. We commenced issuing certificates in 1898.

THE EXECUTIVE IMMIGRATION WORK OF 190l 399
APPENDIX No. 1
Q. Would there be any object in having all the family over eighteen ?
A. Yes, in regard to ages, but certainly not in regard to the ticket.
Q. But in regard to the commission .
A. Certainly if the agent could induce the emigrant to pay full rate on the rail-
way, it would be an inducement, but the check we have on him is this, that the incom-
ing settler has to pay on the actual railway ages.
By ]Ir. Wright :
.Q. He is afraid he will have to pay too much ?
A. Certainly.
Q. It is a good check?
A. I think so.
Witness retired.

[I. :FRANK PEDLEY. re-called, was examined as follows :--

LAND SALES IN 1901, FROhl ALL SOURCIS.

By M'r. Clancy :
Q. You stated, ][r. ledley, in your evidence d ][arch 4---I had better hand you
this so that you will see it--' land sold by companies, 621,027 acres' ; that is the
Hudson's Bay Company, the railway companies and others, is that what you mean .
A. I mean this statement is made as taken fron the report d the department.
When I looked into the Deputy inister's last annual report the figures I gave--I pre-
sume they are taken down there correctly--are from that report.
Q. Do you know how much lan(1 was sold by the Hudson's Bay Company ?
A. If you have the annual report I can tell you.
By Mr. Wilson :
Q. Is it formally tabulated in a regular table ?
A. No, it is in the beginning d the report.

By Mr. Clancy :
Q. You have a copy of that report there now .
A. The lands sold by different companies are tabulated here.
Q. How much land was soM by the Hudson's Bay Company 
A. 82,308 acres.
Q. How many persons did you locate on these lands .
A. I do not think we located any.
Q. You have not located any persons on the 82308 acres sold by the Hudson's
Bay Company ?
A. I do not say that.
Q. Do you say you have ?
A. No, I say we have no record what lands d the Hudson's Bay Company, if any,
vere located by he department.
Q. You have no record you located any ?
A. We have no record in our branch ; I do not know if the department has.
Q. You have no knowledge ?
A. I have no knowledge that we located anybody on these lands.

By Mr. Robinson (Elgin) :
Q. Where are these lands .
A. All over that countrv.

THE EXECUTIVE IMMIGRATION WORK OF 1901 401
APPENDIX No. 1
A. I think not.
Q. Do you know they cannot 
A. I am pretty positive in saying that they cannot buy it, because the limit under
the regulations is 640 acres, and that would be only upon special reasons being given to
the department setting forth the reason for which the purchase was being sought. The
tendency I know has been of late years to even restrict that, unless a company was
buying land for some specific purpose, and under a special application the department
would not sell. In other words, if a company were formed for the purpose of buying
land, either for the purpose of speculation or for agricultural purposes, the department
would not sell it to them.
Q. Then can you connect the homestead in any way with the 91,539 acres that
were sold by the department .
A. Connect the homesteads .
Q. Yes .
A. I should think there would be no connection.
Q. I mean the settlers, the persons who came in and settled in the country ?
A. That can be ascertsined, I suppose, by going over the records in the land branch
of the department. I have no record of that.
Q. How many acres were homesteaded during this last year 
A. That is a question of computation.
Q. How many were homesteaded by Americans 
A. The number of homesteads taken up by Americans is given as 2,026, multi-
plying that by 160, you get the number of acres homesteaded by Americans.
Q. Tow, just let me see, your evidence there, this of the lands sold by the depart-
ment, namely, the 91,539 acres, may have no connection whatever to the persons
brought in under the immigration department .
A. It is quite possible they may have no connection. I am not prepared to ssy.
Q. Then there was 231,076 acres sold under half-breed scrip 
A. Yes.
Q. Is it equally possible that that has no connection with the persons who have
come in under the immigration department ?
A. It is quite possible that the ha]f-breed scrip was sold to others than those tha
came in through the Immigration Department.
Q. Yes, now of the 943,642 acres that you gave in your evidence, as being sold
during the last fiscal year, which includes land sold by the Hudson's Bay Company,
by the railway companies and by the department, and sold as half-breed scrip, none
of that may have any connection whatever with the persons who came in under the
Immigration Department 
A. I am not prepared to say that. I do not know I am prepared to say that.
Q. Do you know it as I asked it 
A. As I stated before, I have no knowledge that the land was disposed of by the
companies or purchased by the persons coming in through the instrumentality of our
agents.
Q. Yes, yes.
A. That is not in my branch.
Q. To, as Superintendent of Immigration, do you think that would come under
your notice if it had occurred ?
A. Tot necessarily.
Q. Now, you say here, you are accounting for the immigration that came into
Canada and the settlement, and you say the total immigration to Canada is 49,949 ?
A. Yes.
Q. The total immigration from the United States was 17,987 ?
A. Yes.
Q. And the total immigration to the Torth-west Territories from the United
States was 15,622 ?
A. Yes.
1--26

TtIE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE A.VD COLONIZATION 413
APPENDIX No. 1
business of this Committee, during the current session of parliament.--Ylotion
adopted ald preseated by ]r. Sproule.
COIIII'rTEE ROOM 34,
:May 9, 1902.

The preceding resolutions are true copies as recorded in the minutes of meetings
of he Select Standing Committee on Agriculture and Colonization, on the respective
dates specified.

J. It. ACLEOD,
ClerI to Committee.

2 EDWARD VII. APPENDIX No. 2. A. 1902

REPORT

}F TIlE

PUBLIC

ACCOI,NTS

C03I,IITI'EE

ISLE ()UA lt, ANTINE STATION

PRINTED IJY ttRDEI; OF P,,i I,'LJ.4MEA'T

OTTAWA
PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON, PRINTEIt TO THE KING'S MOST
EXCELLENT MAJESTY
1902
No. 1

2 EDWARD VII. APPENDIX No. 2. A. 1902

APPENI)IX No. _o,.

(_'OMMITTER IOOM, No. ;}2,
Wednesday, May 7, 1902.
The Nelect Ntndin. Gommittee on Puhlic Accounts beg leave to present the fol-
Iowin as their Ninth Report.
Your ('mmittee have had under eonsiderat.ion the accounLs, vouchers, &c., ]'elatin
to the pymvnt of certain ums in eomwction with Grosse Isle uarautine tat.ion, as set
forth on pges D---Tl and V-68 of t.he Hvport of the Auditor General flw the w,ar
,nded June 30, 1901 ; and in connection t.lwrvwith }mvv exmfined witnesses under oath,
and fla" the informati, m of the ]louse report, hm'ewith the evidence given by such wit-

nesses and the exhibits fvled during the said examimtti,,n :
eqmmwnd that the said evidence be printed.

All hich is respectfully sul,mitted.

and your C.mmittee re-

l}. ('. FItASER,

;EOSSE ISLE ?UARANTI.'VE .'TA TION 5
APPENDIX No. 2.
2. Will v,u h'aw tim att'uio  .f tim linit.," ,, it .ow, an, l ak hin, t, a,l,pt
that t

9

(Copy Cheque.)

Pb'BLIC ACCOUA'T$ COMMITTEE
2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902

J }I0:PAI<TMENT OF PUBLIC 'OItKs, CANAI)A.
OTT.WA, October 16, 1900.

"1', the Bank of Montreal.

$4,79.23

Pay t, the ,,r, ter 1,. Harry Gaudry the sum of f,,'ty-:een hundred and ninety-
eight o :
.  dlhu's, hein, fr irm pipes,

Al,l,n. (co..e lsle (mrantine I:.-..

A. ;. K1N;STON,

R. C. DESR[)('HERS,
F,,r D,p,,ty J[in iter.

2 EDWARD VII.

APPENDIX No. 2.

A. 1992

REPO RT

TIIE

I'I}I}I,IC

ACC{}UNTS

IN I{E ('I.:I,'TAI',, EXPENI)ITUI{E !,'(1{ Till.:

I NTE ! C(-} LO N i A i,

PRI]rTED BY OltDER +I," PA RLIA IIEIYT

OTTAWA
PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THF KING'S MOST
EXCELLENT MAJESTY
1902

62

PUBLIC A CCOU'TTS COMMITTEE
2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902
L'E lr. Holmes :
Q. You do not know he had not any interest in it either ?--A. 570.
])'y llr. Emme''o :
Q. You von't swear he did not lmve any interest ?--A. I do not know that at all.
Committee then adjourned.

INTEItCOLONL4 L RAIL 11".4 Y EXI'E.,VDITURES 67
APPENDIX No. 2.
(). That is 1:()()-()1 ?--A. 19()!-02.
I). [ am speaking of 1900-01, (lid you charge out the coal at the rate at xxhich the
c.al was valued in your stores ?A. ['am not certain alout that n.w, whether I hae
anything that will sho that n" nt. I have here a statemcnt ,f all the issues ,f cal
for that year 191)0-01.
Q. ih,,s that show--?--A. "[']l;tt shows the prices they were chared
charged (ut 104,_ t(um to stations at :} and 4,69 t,ms to s[ati(nm at
tons at 3.
I. Gie us the ]ar'e I)ulk ?A. The lar<e items are 260J)00 t(nm to h,(-(,mffives at
4 : 19,()O() tons t ],c,,m,ties at :} ; the price was change(I ]mn the price went up
in the middle ,ff the year.
(. Higher th;m'that ' A. UI, to

IJ. Fr,,m 93 t- S4 t--A. Yes.

.fir. H,!l!ler /'[ ."

(). "What did the c,a] cst v*u that year that v-u arc reading m, at $4  l)id I
understaml vm to say the large; part f t was $3.:() t A. I think so, [ ill see.
In tha year we'lought 102,711 tons at $3.3()and 35,0o0 at 3.30, 73,000 at 3.25,
3(,()()() at ...]._.), 3(),()()() at 2.65, 25,0()() at ')  (

/9 31,'. larker :
Q. What vcar is that you are speaking of t.X. 'he year ending .lune 30, 1901.
(. ()h, yes, yes, in that w.ar. Mv ,luestion was directed to the preceding year 
A. That is what [ underst,.. you atcd.
(. What quantity f c,al'<lid you buy in 1899-00. tlave you got that there t--A.
I am afraid mt.
(.. [ have added it up but [ cannot give the eidence perhaps you xxill make a
note and tell us that. I make it 225,000 tons ?A. The quantity purchased in the fiscal
year 1900  Yes, that left the balance wu have given us.

By JI,'.
(.). Hc wants to know the year before la.t, hich will be 1900 tNo anser.
19 M,'. B,,rk,'," :
(. We want to know the numbcr af t.ns you purclmsed that year A. I the
year we are dealing with t
Q. In the year we are dealing with up to June 19o0  A. Well I have not that
here, the quantity of coal purchased in the fiscal year 1900.
By []e Ch<tirm,t,t :
Q. Endin/June 30th . Yes.
Bg 3It. ]h,rke," :
I?. Can w,u tell the munher-f tons you b.ught in the year ending June 1901 ?
A. Yes.

2 EDWARD VII. APPENDIX No. 2. A. 1902

A_PPENDIX NO.

(')M,II'i"I'I':I-: ][()),1, 'r). :|:
Saturday, -May 113. 1902.

The Select StmMin.,.. C,mmittee ,,n PuMic A'c,unts he.,.," leave t- present the f-llow-
as their Eleventh

Y-m" Umnnittee have had miller c,nsiderati,n the acc.unts. ,uchers and ther
deuments lati]lg t- the item ,f (leneral Statistics, as set ,ut ii11 page I)--l:l ,,f the
repwt ,,f tile Audit.r (lene,'al f,w the vear envied .June 313, 19131 ; mM in cmnecti-n
therewith hae examine, I witnesses unde ,,ath. and fl,' the infirmati,m f the H.use
rel.rt herewith the evidence given iv such xx itm.so anal the pxhihits filed durin

said examinati,n.
All which i resp-ctfully uhnlitt-,I.

13. (2. FRASEt/.
(-'hnirman.

2--1b