Full text of "A practical grammar of the Arabic language: with interlineal reading lessons ..."

See other formats

This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project 
to make the world's books discoverable online. 

It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject 
to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books 
are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover. 

Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the 
publisher to a library and finally to you. 

Usage guidelines 

Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the 
public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to 
prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. 

We also ask that you: 

+ Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for 
personal, non-commercial purposes. 

+ Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine 
translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the 
use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help. 

+ Maintain attribution The Google "watermark" you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find 
additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it. 

+ Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just 
because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other 
countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of 
any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner 
anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe. 

About Google Book Search 

Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers 
discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web 

at http : //books . google . com/| 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



A 

PKACTICAL GKAMMAR 

OF THE 

ARABIC LANaUAGE. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



Digitized by LjOOQ iC 



PEACTICAL GRAMMAR 

OF THE 

ARABIC LANGUAGE. 

WITH 

INTERLINEAL READING LESSONS, 
DIALOGUES AND VOCABULARY. 

BT X 

FARIS EL-SHIDIAC 

A NATIVE OP MOUNT LEBANON, STBIA ; 

FOKMEKLT PBOFESSOR OF ABABIC AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MALTA*, 

TRANSLATOR OF THB WHOLE BIBLE INTO ARABIC ; 

AUTHOR OF "an ENGLISH GRAMMAR FOR ARABS," AND OF THB ARABIC 

VrOBK CALLED ** THB FARITAC" ^jlijlflll. 



LONDON : 

BERNARD QUARITCH, 

ORIENTAL AND PHILOLOGICAL BOOKSELLER, 
16, CASTLE STREET, LEICESTER SQUARE. 

1856. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



LONDON : 
, M. WATTS, CROWN COURT, T£|fPLE BAR. 



Digitized by LjOOQIQ 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



PREFACE. 



In writing this Introduction to the Arabic Language 
I do not pretend to have performed a work of great 
research ; but I may justly state that I have produced a 
most useful and practical work for those who wish to 
study this Language, no such book having ever appeared 
before in this country. As to the method of writing 
Arabic words with English characters, it was made at 
the suggestion of Mr. Quaritch, the publisher. 

I have to thank the Rev. H. G. Williams, Professor 
of Arabic at Cambridge, for many hints, especially for 
correcting the English. 



Any gentleman desirous of receiving instruction in the Arabic Language 
may obtain Ma. Faris*s address from tJie publisher. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



UJ o^t 






Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



GRAMMAR' 

OF THE 

ARABIC LANGUAGE, 



CHAPTER I. 

The Arabians, in common with many of the Eastern 
nations, write from the right hand to the left. Their 
Alphabet consists of twenty-eight letters, differently shaped 
according to their position at the beginning, middle, or 
end of words. The names and powers, and the order and 
figure, of the letters may be seen in the following Table. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



( 2 ) 
ALPHABETICAL TABLE. 

SAME, nSAL. HBO, IHIT. POWSK. 

CoDoect. Udcoo. Connect. 

Alif I I I \ a 

Ba (^ i_^ * i & 

Ta uu o s J ^ 

Tha »*A ii» i > th 

Jeem ^ ^ & a» J 

'Ha ^ ^ & a. A 

Cha ^ j; flk a» c^ 

Dal J. ^ J. ^ «? 

Thai J. '^ s '^ th 

Zai or Zine . . ^ J J- J ^ 

Seen ^jm. ^ .m^ «m ^ 

Sheen ^ ^ji JL Ji. *A 

Sad jjfl- ^ «a ^ ^ 

'Dad jjo- ^ ^ ^ d 

Ta k L k 1. ^ 

Tha k k k U <^in/a<Aer 

Aine * c « c a 

Gine i c « i ^ 

Fa L-ft uJ i^ * / 

Kaf ^ J A i k 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



ALPHABETICAL TABLE. 3^ 

NAME. 7INAL. MED. INIT. POWER. 

Connect. Uncon. Connect. 

Kaf dl cs) iC r k 

Lam J- J JL J I 

Meem ^ ^ _^ ^ m 

Noon » ^^ ^, i i n 

Waw j« J j_ J M? 

Ha A t ^ A h 

o -4- 
Ya ^ ^j 5 i 3^, i 

I.iam-Alif, V or % which is composed of J lam and 
1 alif. 



OBSERVATIONS. 

il) is pronounced like th in ^AiCilS:. 
^ is a strong guttural, 
o is equivalent to th in f Ai«. 

^. The ^rM« sound of this letter must be learnt by 
the ear. It is like a strong d. 

c resembles Alif with ('') in sound, but is more 
guttural. 

c is a hard guttural g, 
J is a guttural k. 



b2 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



4 OF VOWELS. 

CHAPTER II. 

OF VOWELS AND ORTHOGRAPHICAL SIGNS. 
The Arabs have only three characters for vowels, which 
they call l^ Fathay i^ Casray and l^ Damma, The 
first is represented by a small oblique line over the letter ; 
the second by a similar stroke under the letter ; and the 
third by a smaU curve, like a comma, as follows : 
Fatha. . (^) sounding as a. 
Casra. . (^) sounding as «. 
Damma (') sounding nearly as o. 

These signs are sometimes doubled in the final letters, 
which doubling is then called ^jiyS tanweeUy or nunation, 
because the vowel is then pronounced as if terminated 
by jj , as Ja^ rajoloUy ^' a man ;" \>j rajolin ; jU, rajolan. 
The first (^) marks the nominative case; the second (^) 
the genitive, dative, and ablative; the third (*) the 
accusative. It must be observed here that the final \ adds 
nothing to the sound when the accusative is pronounced. 

jjXU tashdid (") doubles the letter over which it is 
placed, as Jjj nazzaluy " he brought down.'* 

jj^A hamza ('*) is placed generally over the 1, and 
sometimes over thcj and (<, and is considered as a 
guttural letter. 

J-tf^ wasla ('^) implies conjunctioriy and is only in- 
scribed over \ to mark an union with the preceding letter. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



OF THE NOUN. O 

\ being then silent, as iBi \^\£ hitdbu-lldhi, "the book 
of God." 

ij^ madda ("■) implies extension^ and is placed over 1, 
giving it a long sound, as ^jT ddam, 

^^JZ» socoon (°) signifies a pause, and is placed over a 
letter that has no vowel. 



CHAPTER IIL 

OF THE NOUN. 

The Arabs consider the verb as the first part of speech, 
and the third person singular masculine of the preterite 
tense as the root or origin 5 but as the nouri is more fami- 
liar to the English reader, we have placed it here before 
the verb. A few words, however, may be first said re- 
specting the article Jl , which the Arabs call uJj^i ibl 
addtuttacrify " instrument of determination." 

When any of these letters, namely, yi^j-j^S^tl^o 
{:))o^ ^ ^ follows the article Ji , the J is tiien dropped, 
its place being supplied by tashdidy as ^^jJi sH ftHht^ddtity 
*' knowledge of the religion." 

When the particle J to is prefixed to a noun be- 
ginning with J, which, as being definite, ought to 
have the article, in order to avoid the meeting of several 
Lams the article is dispensed with ; or, in pointed books. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



6 OF OEXDER. 

represented by tashdidy as aLJ Ci innd lilldhi, " we are 
to God." 

N.B. The noun to which the article is annexed does 
not receive the tanween. 



CHAPTER IV. 

OF GENDER. 

In the Arabic there are two genders,^,^ J* mothakkar^ 
" masculine," and kL^ja modnnathy *^ feminine." Nouns 
are feminine either by signification or termination. By 
signification : 1st, names of women and female appella- 
tives, as v^ Jl!f<2r-yam, "Mary;" J ommy "a mother j'' 
oi) bint, "a girl;" cs^i ocht, "a sister:" 2dly, the dou- 
ble members of the body, as jj yad, "the hand;" c?i^ 
afne, "the eye;" t^Jocatif, "the shoulder:" 3dly, names 
of countries and towns, bs^,a» Misr, "Egypt;" a^su 
"Mecca." 

By termination; 1st in X, as i:>,jannah, "a garden;" 
aU» tholmah, "darkness:" 2dly in \ servile, as Ulj ^^, 
"white:" 3dly in fj servile, pronounced like \, as ^J^ 
thikrUy " remembrance ; " ^Jj\ aula, " first." There are 
a few words which are to be learnt by practice and obser- 
vation, being used feminine neither by signification nor 
by termination ; such as ^jpj\ ard, " the earth ;" j^ chamr, 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



OF NUMBER. 



*' wine ;*' c.^ Karb, "war;'' Jj ndr, "fire;" ^^ reaJl, 
"the wind;'' ^j,^ shams, "the sun," &c. &e. 

All other words are masculine. 

Feminines are formed from masculines chiefly hy the 
addition of i, as ^JX'ty-ib, "good," lISo 'ty-ibah ; ctlL 
malikf " a king," i^JU malicah, " a queen." 



CHAPTER V. 
OF NUMBER. 
There are three numbers, singular, dual, and plural. 
The dual is formed by adding to the singular J\ in the 
nominative case, and ^ in the other cases. The plural is 
either perfect or imperfect. The perfect plural is that 
which ends in ^^^j "^ *^^ nominative case, and in ^J) in the 
other cases. The perfect feminines form their plural by 
adding oi. The imperfect plurals are such as are not 
formed by the addition of ^jj or ^^, and are so extremely 
irregular and various, that no rules can greatly assist the 
memory. 

FIRST DECLENSION, BEING TRIPT0T8, OR HAVING 
SINGULAR, DUAL, AND PLURAL. 
SING. DXTAL. PLURAL. 



Nom. iM a house. (jl:^ o^ 

Gen. k:>«> cKD Oj«> 

Acc. u*> . . u>j 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



OF NUMBER. 

SECOND DECLENSION, BEING PERFECT. 
SING. DUAL. PLURAL. 

Nom. vloVwriting. ^^\J^ oj^^ 

Gen. c-*Jo c^i?^ vyjr^w 

Ace. uir 



^^ 



THIRD DECLENSION FEMININE OF THE ABOVE. 

Nom. iJo ij^^Ljo c^Ljo 

Gen. iJo lycJiw olJo 



Ace. i-jo 



CHAPTER VI. 

OF THE PRONOUN. 
The Arabs acknowledge only three parts of speech, 
namely, the Verb, the Noun, and the Particle, including 
under the noun the pronoun and the adjective. 
The PERSONAL PRONOUNS are as follows : 



SINO. DUAL. 


PLURAL. 


M. F. 


M. F. 


First person ... lil 


9o^ 


Second is^l oSi Uil 


9o^ 5 9o^ 

^1 cPl 


rw,, . , ^9 ^^ 9 

Third J* ^^ U 


o9 m9 


N.B. The dual and the plural feminine 


are not used in 


the vulgar Arabic. 





Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



OF THE PRONOUN. 9 

The DEMONSTRATiYB PRONOUNS are tJA "this/' and 
di)^ " that/' declined as follows : 

8IN0. DUAL. PLURAL. 

Masc ljj» ^'^ ^^jjfc Hy^ 



Fem i jA ..jl:Jt 



c^ 



(^Uft (:,iCft 



N.B. In the vulgar Arabic the singular only is used, 
and the plural is sometimes replaced by the word J«Ja, 
and at other tmies by Jj^, or ^ja, or ^JjJa, &c. 



8IN0. DUAL. PLURAL. 



Masc di)^ diSU db^ d^Vjl 

Fem di& -dil; dLJ 



THE RELATIVE PRONOUNS. 

(^jli "who/' is thus declined. 

SING. DUAL. PLURAL. 

Masc tj§\ jjljll ^^§\ 

Fem Jl ^li\ J*i 

N.B. All these forms are replaced in the vulgar by the 
word Jl. 

^j^ who, he who, those who, whoever. 
U that which, those which, whatever. 
^ who, which, what, of what kind. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



10 OF THE PRONOUN« 

THB POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. 

The possessive pronouns are expressed by means of 
affixes to the nouns ; thus — 

8IN0. DUAL. PLURAL. 

^13 my book. . . \Jd^ 

(sLliT thy (m) book, -j ' ^ V r^^ 

d>}k thy (J) hookas • lM^ 

4i^^ his book. "> 9 ^ c ^\£ 

\^\^ her book. 3 ^ C. ^;4jl» 

The dual^ and also the plural feminine^ are not com* 
monly used. 

The same affixes are used with prepositions: for instance^ 





SING. 


DUAL. 


PLQEAL 


</^ 


from me. 




u. 


• • 


from thee (m). "j 
from thee (/). 3 


lil 


II; 




from him. "j 
from her. 3 


c 


i£ 



N.B. The same affixes serve as the accusative cases 
after verbs. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



OF THE NOUN. 11 

CHAPTER VII. 

OF COMPAKISON. 

The comparatiye is formed from the positive of the 

triliteral verb, upon the measure of Juil; as^^ "great/* 

j^\ ''greater;'' ^ '^beautiful," J^^i ''more beautiful." 



CHAPTER VIII. 

OF THE NOUN OF PLACE AND TIME. 

The same form of noun is used to denote time and 
place, and is regularly derived from the triliteral verb 
upon the measure Jxi*; as, u^:Lffei4 "time or place of 
writing ; " c^^ " time or place of playing ; " jddU " time 
or place of sitting." Or upon the measure Jji&«; as, 
\^^ "time or place of beating." 



CHAPTER IX. 

OF THE NOUN DENOTING THE INSTRUMENT. 
The noun denoting the instrument is derived from the 
triliteral verb, and has three forms : 1. \mU \ as, ,^;u " a 
file." 2. JUu; as, -lau "a key." 3. iU.; as, 
"a broom." 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



12 OF THE NOUN. 

CHAPTER X. 

OF THE NOUN DENOTING A SINGLE ACTION. 
This notm has the measure of ii^s; as, li^ "once 
striking ; " ip " once writing," &c. &c. 

N.B. All these forms are regularly derived from the 
verb which has three letters. 



CHAPTER XT. 

OF THE ADJECTIVES. 
There are many forms in Arabic for the adjective : the 

o ^ o ^ o ^ 

most common are Jl«jj as, ^>^" generous;" J-^ "hand- 

some;" and J^; as,j^yL2;» "thankful;" jy^ "patient" 

There are also the forms JU» and J-ai», denoting fre- 

quency or intensity; as, t-^l^ "one who strikes often," 

jS^ "very drunken:" Jui; as, ^^^^-o. "beautiful:" J«j; 

• • o^ o y 

as, ^j " glad, or merry :" ^)5IU» ; as, ^jllkc " thirsty." 

The Arabic language, rich as it is in words and in 
modes of expression, has only one form of adjectives 
derived from substantives. It is formed by adding ^ 
with (* ) to the substantive ; as, for instance, ^^^j^ " rosy ;" 
t5'U "watery;" tc-^ "solar;" ^1 "earthen," &c. &c. 
This t5 is called Z^\ ^ . 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



OF THE VERB. 13 

CHAPTER XII. 

OF THE DIMINUTIVE. 

The diminutive ie formed in general by inserting ^ after 

the second letter of the primitive ; as, ju-c " a little ser- 

vant," from juc "a servant;" J-a^ "a little man.'* 

This form, although very convenient, yet is very sel- 
dom used, even in books. 



CHAPTER XIII. 

OF THE VERB. 
The Arabic verb, in its several conjugations, consists of 
three letters or more, up to six. The triliteral verb is 
divided into seven classes, named by the Arabs as follows, 
the names being derived from the circumstance of the 
verb having a letter doubled, or containing one of the 
letters, ^ , j , or (5. In treating of the verbs, as well as in 
the other parts of the grammar, the different forms of the 
verb Jui " he did,'' are referred to as models. On this 
principle, the first radical letter of the verb is called the 
Fa, the second the Aine, the third the Lam. 

1 . . . . JUi , as \^£ he wrote. 

2 . . . c_ftg\«n,U ju. he stretched. 

3 . . . . jy^ ' • ^^ ^® took, 

4 U)l Jail . . JlCj he promised. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



14 OF THE VERB. 

5 c^t JibJll^ as Jb he said. 

6....^5m>A1 .. ^j he threw. 

o S 'V <^ 

7. . . . \^JlM . . Jj he preserved. 

The verbs are either triliteral or quadriliteral ; the 
first consisting of three radical letters, as those already 
instanced ; the other of foHr, as -^^ '^ he rolled." 

The derivatives are divided into three classes \ the first 
being augmented by one servile letter, the second by tvro, 
and the last by three, as in the following manner : 



1 

2 

3 JS 

4 >U 

s >; 



6 JcliJ 

7 >B» 

8 ^\ 

9 >i 



10 JrtL-i 

The first conjugation has a transitive sense, where the 
action has an efiect upon some other object, as '-'-^ -^i 
"he wrote a book," and it is called ^Jjcu; and also an 
intransitive one, where the efiect is confined within the 
agent, as ^;^^ " he mourned," and it is called j^jV. 

The second and third form transitives, as J^t or Jp 
*^he brought down," or, "he caused to go down;" with 
this difierence, that the (") indicates the action to have 
been done gradually, and the I gives the idea that the 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



OP THE VERB. 16 

action was done at once. But if the verb is originally 
transitive, the (**) tlien gives it an intensitive sense, as 
Jlr " he broke to pieces ;" or it makes it transitive in two 
degrees, as v^ " he caused somebody to write." 

The fourth conveys the idea of a reciprocal action, as 
\j^ jjj t-^U " Zeid beat Amr,'' implying, at the same 
time, that Amr beat Zeid in return ; also an intransitive 
j^ jjj (jJW " Zeid sat down with Amr." 

The fifth has sometimes a passive signification, as^^Ix? 
" it was broken," being the passive of the second conju- 
gation^^; and sometimes an active sense, as u-i^ " he 
expected." 

The sixth denotes a co«operation or mutual action, 
nearly corresponding with the fourth, as ^1 c-^U) " the 
people beat each other." 

The seventh denotes a passive sense, as^^^i^^sul " it was 
broken." 

The eighth has sometimes a passive sense, as *4^i ''it 
was collected;" and sometimes an active one, as g,j^\ 
"he invented." The reason appears to be insufficient 
why most of the grammarians take it to be always passive. 

The ninth form denotes colour, as jj^ '' it became 
yellow;" it implies also deformity, asjjcl "he became 
one-eyed." 

The tenth has generally two significations : the first is 
petitioning and desiring, as^^ois-l "he asked pardon ;" the 
second implies considering the thing to be such as is ex- 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



16 OF THE VERB. 

pressed by the simple Terb, e,g. j^v-j*^' "he considered 
(it) to be pretty ;" (k«s-»^ " be considered (it) to be dear/' 

The Arabs arrange their moods and tenses differently 
from the Europeans^ dividing their conjugation into five 
parts : Ist, the Preterite ; 2dy the Future \ 3dy the Impe- 
rative ; 4th, the Participle ; and 5th', the Infinitive. 

Excepting the infinitive, they all have three numbers — 
singular, dual, and plural \ and two genders — masculine 
and feminine. Their persons, as in other languages, are 
three ; but the third being the root, precedes the second, 
and the second the first; all which will appear sufficiently 
obvious fi*om the following paradigms : 



CONJUGATION OF THE FIRST FORM OF REGULAR 






TRILITERAL VERBS. 








ACTITB VOICE. 








Preterite. 






PLUBAL. 


DUAL. 


SING. 




7. M. 


r. M. 


F. M. 




• o^^ f^y 


1 ^^^ 1 ^C 


o yyy yy/' 




^J^ bj^ 


\ijuki \juki 


O^ j^ 


3 


S 9oyy o^o^>' 


9oyy 


o^y y o^y 




Jj^ (^ 


l^ 


0;*aS O^ 


2 


o^^' 




9 o^-^ 




U^ 


• • 

Present or Future. 


o^ 


1 


y ofoy y 990^ 


90^^ 9oy 


9 9o^ 9 90^ 




Oj^. UJJ^. 


ul/^ ob^^ 


jaS jAJ 


3 


yo9o^ • 99oy 


9oy 


xo ^ox 9 9oy 




Uj^ Cil/^ 


c)y»i» 


^^ j^ 


2 


9 9oy 




^ 9 90^^ 




J^ 




j^\ 


1 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 





OF THE VERB. 






Imperative. 




PLUEAL. 


DUAL. 


SING. 


F. M. 

^O/O^ P9o9 


F. M. 

^9o9 


F. M. 

9o9 o 9o9 



17 



Participle. 



s^ 



OJ»«0U U3J^^ (JU;.«V> ^jKitfU i^U M0U 

PASSIVE VOICE. 

The passive voice differs from the active chiefly in the 
vowel points, as may be observed by comparing them 
together. 

Preterite, 



PI 


.URAL. 


DUAL. 


SING. 


F. 


M. 


F. M. 


F. M. 


^ o 9 


. ' ' 


1-^ ' • ^ 


O ^ f ^ f Q 


rm9o 9 
\ 


o9o 9 
o 9 


Future. 


o^9 y q' 9 

o^ o^ 2 
o^ 1 


^ 0^09 


• 9xo9 


^o9 ^o9 


*xo^ *xo* 


^0^09 


y 9^o9 
9^o9 




^O yo9 9^o9 

^^- ^ 2 


j^ 


•' 


^i 1 



Digitized by VnOOQ IC 



18 OF THE VERB. 

I^articiple. 

PLURAL. DUAL. 8IN0. 

F. H. F. M. 7. M. 

\Zj\jyA^ \^jyaUM ^^jyA^ y^jya:»Jk \^y^^ J^^ 



The imperative passive is formed from the future by 

1 . o^o*" o^o' o^o9 

adding J to it^ as miiJ y j^i , miiJ • 



CHAPTER XIV. 

It is requisite, in place of swelling the grammar unneces- 
sarily with a great number of whole-length conjugations, 
to give the first word alone of every tense, leaving it to 
the learner, by way of exercise, to fill up the other per- 
sons, which he may find to be a considerable help to his 
memory. 

OF THE DBRIAVnVB THREE-LETTER CONJUGATION. 





ACTIVB VOICB. 




First Class. 


PART. 


IMPER. INflN. 


S- e9 






JeU 1\^/£\il 



FUTURE. 


PKET. 


9 o9 
*«• 9 


> 


JftW 


jTu 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 





OF THE VERB. 








Second Class. 






PART. 


IKPEB. IHPIN. 


rUTURK. 


PRET. 


^ 


S^ ^ ^i^^ 




x5 X 


JeUu 


>U; . ^\£ 




XX X 




jjA flit 


^ xox 


XXX 




2%ir^ Class. 


i'xox 


5x0, 

>1 


«• 0^0/ 


q 0x0 . ^..00. 


^ oxox 


xxoxo. 



19 



•©■ 0^0/ o 0x0 ^11 * ® ' 0x0 X xxoxo 

Jxasmm* ,Ufti*tfi VU«;um1 AsaXmji J«a:um1 

X X X XX X " X 

OBSERVATIONS. 
The infinitiye of the triliteral Terb is irregular. The 
dual forms and the feminine plurals are not used in 
common conyersation. 

CONJUGATION OF THE VERB u,Ac\^» (dOUBLED). 

Preterite. 



PLURAL. 


DUAL. 


SING. 


P. 


X. 


P. M. 


P. K. 


u^jI 


>;: 


Sx «,x 


Sx Sx 


S^ X 


of ^x 


lj^Jb» 


XX 5 XX 






.. 


" ^ XX 



c2 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



20 





OF THE VERB. 










Future. 








PLURAL. 


DUAL. 




8ING. 




F. M. 


F. K. 




F. 


M. 




1-'- t*'^ 










Imperative. 




^^ 






Partidfle. 
Passive. 




11 


L 


PART. 


FUT. PKB1 






«^ /o^ 











CONJUGATION OF THE VERB Aill J-«* {}vt. " WEAK OF 
THE fa/' HAYINQ THE FIRST RADICAL j). 



PLUIUL. 


Preterite, 

DUAL. 


SINO. 


F. M. 


F. K. 


F. M. 


liliJj 







Digitized by LjOOQ IC 





OF THE VERB. 






Future. 




PLUEAL. 


dujll. 


8INQ. 


F. M. 


F. X. 


F. M. 


-'OX ^ 9 ^ 

> 


Imperative. 


XO X ^ X 

^^ 9. ^ 


xo ^ 




^ xx X 


»1j^1j cy*^!^ 


Participle. 





21 



COXJUGATION OF THE VERB iyJ' J^** (Zi*. " WEAK OP 
THE AINE," HAVING THE SECOND RADICAL j). 

Preterite. 



PLURAL. 


DVAL. 


SING* 


F. K. 


F. M. 


F. M. 


J^ »> 


UU ' vu 


csJli 3^ 


^' ^ 


^ 


O^ > 09 


Li 


Future. 


' for 




9^ 9^ 




^0''' y 9 9^ 


" 9^^ 


^9^ 9 9^ 


9 9^ 







Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



22 



OF THE VERB. 



F. 



oi«li 



M. 
/ f 



oj^^ 



PART. 



Imperative. 

DUAL. 
F. M. 

4 

Participle. 
Passive. 

FUT. ] 



8IN0. 
F. K. 

ot of 

8^ S 



J^, 



CONJUGATION OF THE VERB ^\ Jsjt* {lit. " WEAK OF 
THE LAM," HAVING THE THIRD RADICAL (^). 

Preterite. 



PLUKAL. 


DUAL. 


8IN0. 


F. 


M. 


F. M. 


F. M. 


XO^^ 


«^x 


x^ •xx 


-O XX XX 








oxx X oxx 




rrv 


Future. 


/ oxx 


^0 0^ 


^ fn^ 


ox ox 


ox QX 











1.4^ 



i^' 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 









OF THE VERB. 












Imperative. 








PLURAL. 




DUAL. 


SIKO. 




F. 

o c 




M. 

9o 


F. M. 


F. 

o 


M. 



23 



Participle* 



Passive. 

FUT. 

xo^ 



PAST. FUT. PRET. 

S" o^ xo^ X ^ 



CHAPTER XV. 

OF PREPOSITIONS. 
The prepositions in Arabic require the genitive case after 
them. They are called^ ' '— *Jt^ ' particles of attraction ; 
and the word which follows them is said to ^^jjj^y and 
ia marked with a casra^ e.g. A>j ^J^ "from a man;" 
J^\ ^JA " from the man.'^ The following is a list of the 
prepositions : 

cj by, in. 

o by (only in conjuring). 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



24 


OF PREPOSITIONS. 


J 


by (only 


in conjuring). 


J 


to, for. 




^ 
d 


like, as. 




These five 


particles are prefixed to the words thoy 


govern. 


min, 
ila. 


from, 
to. 


rohha, 
moth. 


of, fi'om. 

upon. 

in. 

it may be. 

since. 


'i:^ 


month, 


since. 




'hdsha, 
^ada, 
chala, 
'hafta, 


except, 
except, 
except, 
even to. 


The following words, most of which have the force of 
prepositions, also require the gemtire case after them. 




coU, 

ma^, 

jami^ 

ha^, 

'kohl. 


every, all. 

with. 

all, altogether. 

after. 

before. 


J> 


fou% 


above, over. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 





OF PROPOSITIONS. 


c>« 


ta'ht, 


under. 




'kodddm. 


before. 


wara, 


behind. 


> 


mithl, 


like. 


*J. 


shibh, 


like. 


j^ 


nathiVf 


like. 


> 


Ttahow, 


about, like. 


JuC 


^ind. 


at, with. 


tJj- 


mPUy 


except, besides. 


-5C 


ghire, 


except, besides. 


ti* 


'hithdy 


by, by side of. 


ilLi 


'kobdlah, 


opposite. 


1^' 


izd, 


near, by. 


tU" 


tujdh, 


opposite. 


y; 


til'My 


opposite. 


j'^ 


thoo, 


having, possessing. 


^^ 


laduy 


at. 


c^ 


ladon, 


at. 


k-, 


ivasa'ty 


in the middle of. 



25 



CHAPTER XVI. 

OF CONJUNCTIONS. 

The following are the conjunctions in most common use : 

J "and." — Ex. j^j Ji) U "Zeid and Amr came." 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



26 OF CONJUNCTIOIIS. 

wi "and." — Ex.^U i-jjl!\ ol^J "I liaveread etymo- 
logy and syntax. The particle j is 
irrespective of order : i^ , on the con- 
trary, distinguishes it. I have^read 
etymology j^r^f, and then syntax. 
^ thumma, "then."— Ex. ALlJl ^' J^JJl oU "The 

men came, then the wo- 
men. 
^ 'Aa«a,"even."— Ex. \^\j ^ 5^3 JI4.T "I 

have eaten the fish, even 
its head." 
j\ auy " or."— Ex.^;>P^ j1 i^i^ljf ^Jj\ " Be dressed in 
wool or silk." 

J a?;^, " or." — Ex. j^^ J ^li jj^l " Did Zeid stand up, 

orAmr.^" 
Vj uaUy "and not," "nor."— Ex. il^l Vj J^^ j^U U 

" A man did not 
come to me, nor 
a woman." 
J). 6aZ, "but."— Ex. l\j^ J) Ja^J ^iW U " A man did not 

come to me, hut a woman." 
J^ldkin, "but"— Ex. i\^\ ^^^ %.j e>il^ U "I did 
not see a man, hut a woman." 



The following words and particles, many of which are 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 





OF PARTICLES. 27 


noans in the accusative case, thot^h used adverbially, 


will be of considerable use to the learner : 


i(x>\ 


ibtidd-an, 


In the first place. 


\%\ 


abadan, 


never, for ever. 


S.U.1 


ihtiyatany 


cautiously. 


^Lll 


a'hy&nan, 


sometimes. 


!^1 


dShiraUj 


lastly. 


^vi>r 


Achira 7 amr, 


at length. 


ii 


t^A, 


when. 


elU^I 


ith thdky 


then, at this time. 


Ul 


ithd, 


if, when, behold. 


Lil 


ith ma. 


when. 


IJl or jjil 


ithan, 


then. 


Uj 


irtijdlan, 


extempore. 


^1 


asfalj 


below. 


SLi 


(islan, 


never, not at all. 


]:i>^i 


id'iirdran, 


by force. 


^^1 


cHrdnj 


now. 


VI 


ittd, 


but, except. 


cjlVl 


illd an, 


unless. 


r>J| 


al youm, 


to-day. 




ila, 


to, until. 


ila 'hithej 


whither. 


ila ffhire thAlik, 


et csetera. 


UJI 


ila aUdnj 


hitherto. 


ila huna, 


hither. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



28 



OF PARTICLES. 






J or A:Jt 
IjJb Jju 



a/t. 



M tnna. 



anna, 

innamd, 

auj 

awwalany 

awa lam, 

ahlan, 

eye, 

eyee, 

iydk. 



eyen, aine, 

hd'tilan, 

hiVha'h'h, 

attattah, 

badalan min, 

badihan, 

harra, 

ha^d, 

wa-haado, 

hapda-hdtha, 

ha^gad 



either. 

but, as to. 

before. 

that (before a verb). 

certaiidy. 

that (before a noun). 

but, only. 

or. 

at first. 

is it not 7 

welcome. 

that is, viz. . 

which of. 

take you care. 

also. 

where ? 

in vain. 

justly. 

not at all. 

instead of. 

extempore. 

without. 

after. 

and now. 

after this. 

afl;er to-morrow. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



OF PARTICLES. 



29 






baoidy 

highirej min gKire^ 

bokrahy 

bine, binamd, 

thomma, 

thcLTn/may 

jabran, 

jiddan, 

jazman, 



iUl»ilJLlj| Ji'ljomlah, 









'hdsha, 
*hdlan, 

'hattaj 

'hatta inna, 

hatta itha, 

'hatta ma, 

'hithdy 

hasab, 

'ha'k'kan, 

'houle, 



far off. 

without. 

early. 

between. 

and, then, therefore. 

there, in that place. 

by force. 

very, in earnest. 

resolutely. 

{totally, upon the 
whole. 

altogether. 

except, God forbid. 

presently. 
f so that, in order to, 
I until, even. 

so that. 

until, when. 

how long ? 

over against. 

according to. 

certainly. 

around. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



30 OF PARTICLES. 

ox 

e^j». 'haitkBf where. 

Ui^ 'haithoma, wherever. 

jJL*. 'hinorithin, then. 

U,U or -^\il Jj c'Aaryan, ^ ^Ichdrij, without. 

{especially, pecu- 
r 1 

^ * %X^ Shalay md Shala, besides, except. 



uL 


Shalf, 


behind. 


UIj 


dd-iman. 


at all times. 


c»i 


doon, 


under, besides. 


fj3»0» 


min doon, 


without. 


^j*^j 


rohha, rohbama, 


j there may be, per- 
i haps, often. 


«i; 


rowaidauy 


softly, slowly. 


15,U 


sdhtkaUj 


formerly. 


iLVjSeU 


sdbi'kan wa-ld'htkan, before and after. 


w^ 


sariaan. 


quickly. 


AcUff^ Wm 


sam^n wor'tdcah, 


obediently. 


0^ 


sou/a. 


J after (connected 
i with the verb). 


i^ 


shavGan, 


legally. 


1 


Uib% ^la 't%b% 


according, agree- 
ing with. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 





OF PARTICLES. 


\J. 


'tourarij 


^l« 


^jilan, 


1^ • 1 jaU 






^lla, laoalla, 


¥ 


^la, 


^y^¥ 


^la 'Ic'hSsoos, 


f 1,^1 4. 


Gala 'ddawdmj 


^>J'4* 


&ala 'Ifour, 


Jl^vXj- 


eala coUi 'hdl, 


JU^)^ 


cala eyei ^hdl, 


i^^ 


e,ala 'hidahy 


k;^ 


^n, 


U(U^) 


cximma, 


j>:;« 


^ndj 


^c;^ 


can 'kasdy 


^J^f- 


^an ^karibf 


Ou 


gdliban, 


s4 


ghihby 


c^ 


ghibban. 


Ijij 


gada, 


J^ 


ghirej 



31 

once. 

hastily. 

except 

{perhaps^ I hope, 
by chance. 
C upon, above, 
C against. 

particularly. 

always^continually . 

quickly. 
f on every state, in 
I every manner. 

alone, separately. 

of, from,conceming 

of that which. 

with, at. 

intentionally. 

in a short time. 

generally. 

a^r. 

alternately. 

to-morrow. 

not. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



32 



OF PARTICLES. 






s 



las 



^Aira an, 
wt» ghircy 
biffhire, 
ghire bapid^ 

A 

fa-innay 

fardan, 

fa'ka% 

fou% 

fovfk aVhaddy 

fo^k aVkiydSf 

A 

fi athnd thdlik, 
ji goiloon thdlik, 
fi 'Ijondak, 

fi 'mi, 

fi 'tlia'Mkahf 
fi 'lwdkie,f 
fi colli macdn, 
fima, 

kabl, min ^kabl, 
fimd ba^dy 



except that, 
without. 

not far. 

rand, then, there- 
l fore, &c. 

for, because. 

single. 

only. 

above. 

above limit 

above measure. 

in, into, among. 

in the mean time. 

upon the whole, 
immediately, 
truly, in fact 
in fact, really, 
in every place, 
in what? why? 
before, 
henceforward. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 





OF PARTICLES. 


dd 


Jju U:^ 


ySw/^ haodj 


hereafter. 


oViJJ 


'kabl aUn, 


before now. 


J5 


'had, 


certainly. 


fii 


^kodddm, 


before. 


^j 


%aHby 


near. 


k* 


'ka'tt, 


never. 


Uai 


'ka'taan, 


never, in no shape, 


^ 


^kalilan, 


Kttle. 


§r 


caannaj 


as if. 


ui;^ 


Itathtran md. 


often. 


liT 


cathdj 


so, thus. 


eUjT 


kathdlik, 


likewise. 


r 


calUy 


not at all. 


r.j»],jr 


coll a'had, coll w&%idj 


every one. 


uir 


collamd, 


' as often as, when- 
1 ever. 






(yiy 


coU youirij 


every day. 


^ 


cam, 


(how many, how 
much. 


ur 


camdy 


as. 


/•^ 


caye, likaye, 


in order to. 


ui/ 


kife, 


how. 


UajT 


'Mfamd, 


any how. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



34 


OP PARTICLES. 




^ 


heyeU, 


so as not. 


^ 


keyemd, 


that. 


J 


li. 


to, for. 


•V 


la, 


no, not. 


i'V 


la bodd, 


necessarily. 


>v»>v 


li-ajl, min ajl, 


on which account, 
for. 


^^ 


Id shy, 


nothing. 


iJl^V 


Id mafhdlah. 


undoubtedly. 


r^ 


lirannay 


because. 


■°Ji 


li-an, 


that. 


eip' 


labbike, 


here I am ! 




lada, ladon, 


at. 


c?f 


Idkirif 


but. 


^ 


lam. 


not 


lamma, 


not yet, when. 


uu 


lirmdthdy 


why. 


^ 


louCf 


if. 


VjJ.^y 


hue la, lorn lam, 


unless. 


ci 


lite, 


would to God. 


(J-S* 


lise. 


no, noti 


Si 


liralla. 


that not. 


u 


ma. 


no, what,that which 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 





OF PARTICLES. 


35 


C^uU 


ma bine, 


between. 


floU 


ma ddm, 


as long as. 


^ 


mata, 


when, whenever. 


J^ 


mitkly 


like, as. 


f\ii\ is^ 


mada^layyAm, 


at all times. 


u^ 


mar^haba, marhaban, 


welcome ! 


b- 


marrah, 


once. 


e 


mac, 


with. 


l^ 


macan, 


together,along with 


2ll. 


mofaisalan, 


distinctly. 


C 


mimmd, 


from that which. 




tfiimman, 


from him who. 


CI* 


man, 


who. 


c^ 


min, 


from. 


oVlc^ 


min aldn, 


from this time. 


-»»c^VI^^ 


min aldnfaid^idan. 


henceforth. 


oi^c>* 


min eyine, 


whence. 


jjii ^J* 


min bacd, 


after. 


cu^ ^^ 


min ta!ht, 


from below. 


^^c>* 


min 'hithe, 


since. 


oj-^ci* 


min doon, 


> without. 


>^u* 


min ghire, 


OJ* C^» 


minfot/h, 

d2 


fi^m aboTe. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



6 


OP PARTICLl 


BS. 




tnin hond, 
min hondk, 


1 hence. 


W 


mahmd, 


a« often as. 


J^ 


ncihou, 


near about, as. 


r 
J 


napa/nif 
wa, 


yes. 
and. 


X. 


ward. 


behind. 


vj 


wald. 


neither. 


jj 


waloue, 


although. 


sh 


wile. 


fie, 


u 


kd. 


behold. 


J* 


hal, 


whether? 


u 


hand. 


here. 


csJUb * ciUUft 


hondk, hondlik. 


there. 


li^ 


howorihd. 


behold. 


•i*- 


ya^i, 


that is to say. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



( 37 ) 



CHAPTER XVII. 

OF THE NUMERALS. 
The Cardinal Numbers are the following : 





HASC. 


FEM. 




HA80. VEX. 




«• 


S-x 




^^ ^ ^^y •^o • ^ o 


1, 


5 «>►!* 


i.»*l, 


11. 


jiA J»l IjiA (5J»t 




i t\ 


^^l 




' 7T-; * 




J^i^l 


. 20. 


cay^ 




o 


^ o 




4^ f ^ ^ 


2. 


A 


!^^i 


30. 


ca^- 




«•-. * 


^..* 






3. 


isa 


c.5t 


40. 




& ^ xo J 


i?^oS 




X ^o-^ 


4. 






50. 


cw-**- 


5. 


Ir.,^^ 






• 




S>S 




B 


6. 


IjLtt 


(JlAM* 


100. 


2SU 




4rxe^ 


S'o'^ 




X 


7. 


A auio* 


^ 


200. 




8. 






1000. 


vJjf 


9. 


4JuJ 


1?o 


2000. 


^u3f 


10. 


IjiA 


^ 






The Ordinals 


are as foUoi 


n: 






MASC. 


FEH. 




MA8C. FEM. 


Ist. 


X^ 


^^ 


10th. 


JiUr f^Ur 






^T 


^^^ ^O^ *' 


2d. 




6 ^ 


llthyjt 








3d. 














^f o 


4th. 


tfh 


• • • 


20th. 
30th. 





Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



( 38 ) 

CHAPTER XVIII. 

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 

The verbs in which one of the three letters^ viz, ^jj \ 
occurs^ present the greatest difficulties to the Arabic 
student^ as they are sometimes changed one for the other^ 
or dropped altogether. A little practice and observation 
will, however, put the learner in possession of these irregu- 
larities better than anj rules with which to burden his 
memory. 

The form for the future of the verb is also applicable 
for the present. The modem Arabs, therefore, make it a 
real present by joining to it some other word. Thus 
(.^.aI^su jft signifies he writes, or, he toill write. But 
U;^ jCcjft has the single signification of he is writing. 

The words sjj, (JJj, &c..placed before a verb, add to it 
the signification of is going. — Ex. ^jgA »Jj j* '* he is going 
to go out." 

Although in the classical Arabic there are two parti- 
cles, (J- and v-i^, employed to confine the verb to the 
future signification, they are very seldom used in ordinary 
books. 

The pluperfect in Arabic b expressed by the addition 
of the verb ^)\r"to be," to the principal verb." 
Ex. u^c,\r" he had written." 

The most difficult point connected with nouns is the 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



OBNERAL OBSERVATIONS. 39 

imperfect plural, which is not formed hj the addition of 
^^ or o1 • It is so extremely irregular and yarious that 
no rules can greatly assist the memory; but those forms 
which most generally occur will soon become &miliar, 
and a dictionary wiU afford every necessary assbtance 
with r^ard to the more uncommon. 

The principal forms, however, are comprehended in the 
following table : 

SING. PLUBAl.. 



iijfi a parloiir wi^c 

^\j^ a wall ^j^ 

x'o'^ of 

j^\ Tea j^^ 

h^ a bladder ... . • . . t^ 

^j a man JU^ 

o^ a house *^H^H 

v^li^ striking u>^ 

J*\r perfect iU> 

J^ throwing iU, 



•X 



^ an ape s^ 

^^^ a branch ^)Lift1 

^A a mountain jWi 

|JU a seal jjj^ 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



40 OEICERAL OBSERVATIONS. 

8IH0. PLUBAL. 

^5U a boy ^^J^ 

s^j^ noble Asjit 

j^ wounded lJ!«^ 

With regard to the quadriliteral nouns, all &e simple 
ones, and many of those which are augmented, together 
with their feminines, form their plurals by inserting \ aft^ 
the second letter, the first haying (^), and the third (^), 
as wyiriy, from u,irwj> ^^a star;'' tfi\v^y from ^^ '^a 
derham;'' JjU*, from juat* "a worshipping place," &c. 

The modem Arabs use no particle for an interrogation, 
but denote it by the tone of voice. They sometimes, 
however, employ yi (which is a corruption of^ «Ay, ** a 
thing'') both in interrogative and negative sentences. 
Thus, they say, %xa *^I yi vs*a^ rcfhtish aUyoum cindok^ 
" Did you go to him to-day ?" Also, ijuc ^1 yi o^ U 
md ro'htish aUyoum Gindohy '' I did not go to him to- 
day." 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



( 41 ) 



BOOK 11. 



SYNTAX. 



CHAPTER I. 

OF THE NOMINATIVE CASE OF THE NOUN. 

The nominative case is principally employed to express 
the following : 

1. Iju^l the subject. 

2. Jji^ the predicate. 

Ex. wJ^Txjj ** Ze'id (is) toriting;" where jj^ is the 
subject^ and u>5\J^the predicate. 

3. J^yi the agent, as ^\ %^j^ " ZeU beat." 

4. JftUI v-Jli the substitute of the agent — ^the subject 

S ^ ^ 9 

of a passive verb. — Ex. jjj u^ " Zeid was beaten." 
6. (^^Ul the vocative, as jjj U " O, ZeidJ^ 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



42 SYNTAX. 

CHAPTER 11. 

OF THE ACCUSATIVE CASE. 
The following instances will exemplify the uses of the 
acctisative case : 

1. jl hjl ^j^sijl the absolute accusative^ as b^ v:>>^ 
''I beat heating i^^ where b^ is the accusative of the 
verbal noun, and gives force to the expression. 

2. A) J^xftJI the object of the action^ as Ij^ v::^^ '^ I 
beat ZMr 

foy 

3. Jul Jjai^l the time or place in which any thing is done. 



Ex. u^ o^ " I travelled one dayJ^ 

4. aJ J^atiJl the object for which the action is performed. 

Ex. aJ Li.>\J \ jjj o>^ " I have beaten Zeid for in- 
struction to him." 

P^yy Po y 

5. AIM J^«Aji the person or thing in whose compan7 
the action was performed. 

Ex. aI^I^ ^U1 K§y^ ^'The water was equal xoith 

the wood. 
Tn such cases J and has the signification of «a trt^A. 

The accusative case is also used to express the fol- 
lowing : 

• P o^ ^o '•• *' 

1. ifjUJl the Tocative, as jj»» ^je Jjj Ij " O, Zeid, ton 
ofAnir." 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



SYNTAX. 43 

2. ^jtuajl the accusative of exception. 

Ex. Ij^ *](»jaJ^ ^ "The people rose excefpt ZeidJ' 

3. jUl the state or condition. 

Ex. L^»i^ jjj Am> " Zeid came riding" 

4. J:*^) the accusative of specification. 

Ex. Lij j^ u-»\t " Zeid's soul was cheerful," (Kf. 
Zeid was cheerful as to the soul). 

5. 2jili^aJl the accusative of metonymy. 

Ex. i j-c J ^" JjTtni? many servanU had I ? " 
Uj*^^ 1 jT^^juft " I have mch and such dirhemsJ' 

6. ^jdJI numheA 

Ex. %.jj!Ls, jft,) sz^j " I saw «fei>«n men^ 
l.jj^^ caution. 

Ex. ZH\ ^^\ "Take care of the lion J' 

There are several verbs signifying " to be," ^' to con- 
tinue," &c., which require the accusative case after them, 
as the following : 

jjIS, as U\5 jjj ^ Zeid was standing. 

^^ . . W^«»v> jjj ^^ Zeid was crymg. 

^^ . . !^U jj) ^^1 Zeid was laughing. 

\jJU jjj ^?*l Zeid was hungry. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



It 



44 ^ SYNTAX. 

Jb . . Cw J^j J^ ^®^^ ^^ fiitigued. 

olj . . u^li jjj ob Zeid was repenting. 

jj.^ . . jUU JjJ jj-J Zeid is not ignorant 

jU . . Olft Jjj^U Zeid was knowing. 

J]^ U . . l^L Jj) J]} U Zeid was watching. 

s^,, ,^. . ^^ ^^"t . (Zeid continued to be 

^ ^ (^ preaching. 

5 ^ 4' & ^ ^ ^ 

^ U . . IJ;\» Ji^ ^ u Zeid continued reading. 

^^ U . . Li,U jjj -^ U Zeid continued walking. 

J^ U . . it^r, jJl J^ U Ijf^^^'' ^ ^^°g ^« leammg 
r X "T ^(. is possible. 

There are several particles which haye the same effect, 
as in the following : 

Jli Ijj^ ^ Zeid is standing. 

^ i Jjj v:}0 Zeid is as a lion. 

JlLilj^'ylQilbP^ P^P^^ P* "P' '''^* 

w~^ . 3/^^ w^ r^ Zeid IS sitting. 

j^ 1 jj^ oJ O, that Zeid were present. 
j*^\; Ijjj JJ Perhaps Zeid is coming. 






S 






Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



SYNTAX. 45 

CHAPTER IIL 

OF THE GENITIVE CASE. 

When two nouns follow each other, the second being in 
the genitive case, the latter is made^Ja^ by a ca^ra^ as 
,^fy\ %^\:lf^^ihe hoo^oi the insiny^^ orhj (^^)^fi&\ij%^\:^ 
" the book of a man." 

The use of the genitive in Arabic is very deficient; for 
if an adjective be placed after it, it may be referred either 
to it, or to the preceding substantive. Thus, in the ex- 
pression xvkxii J»^1 v^ ^^^ word xJ^I may be taken as 
a qualification either to c^o or to Ja^t* The modem 
Arabs, in their vulgar conversation, seeing the defect of 
this construction, remove the ambiguity by inserting the 
word cb or cli* " property." Thus, Jayli cb ^kjJl c->lidi 
*' the excellent book, the property of the man 5 " c->l:j3l 
Akxil ^J\ cb " the book, the property of the excellent 
man." 

Note — ^The ambiguity above spoken of, arises fi'om the 
omisdon of the last vowels in the pronunciation, as is 
usually done« Otherwise the expressions ^cJaail J»J1 %J^ 
and jjajd^ ^}\ i->u are sufficiently explicit. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



46 SYNTAX. 

CHAPTER IV. 

OF PARTICLES WHICH AFFECT THE VERB. 
In the conjugation of the verb, as given in pp. 16 and 17, 
the future of the indicative is exhibited only in its simplest 
form. It is, however, subject to the loss of the ^j from 
these five forms, the verb taking a subjunctive significa- 
tion ; namely, v^^JUa? * ^jj^ * c^^^^ * ^^^*^ * (j^^^ * ^^^ 
other forms will then end in B.fatha, except the plural 
feminine. 

The particles which make the verb subjunctive are as 
follows : 

Ji an, " that," as ili^\ ^f LJ " I wish to write," (lit. 
'* I wish that I should toriteJ* 

J Ian, "not."— Ex. v>I ^ "He will not strike." 
(Some say that ^ is a contraction of ^^1 V, and the above 
expression is equivalent to c^^ ^J\ ^^^jC V " It shall not 
be that he should strike.'') 

^^^\ ithan, "therefore," "then."— Ex. ilil Ji.jJ Jjil 

"Thou may- 

est then enter 

the garden." 

% " that."— Ex. Xu1 ^ vs^. " I am come that I 

miiiht receive instruction^ 

^ 'hattay "that," "so that."— Ex. g^i ^ ^^ " I 

beat him that he 
might return.'* 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



srNTAX. 47 

J "that," "for that/'— Ex. jl^ elLl "I came to thee, 

that tJwu mightest ho- 

vour me." 

j\ au " until."— Ex. jjJajJji (sl^W V "I will not leave 

thee till thou shouldst give me/'kc. 

The verb is also made subjunctive when it is employed 

in connection with the seven following forms : . 

1. ^Vi , the imperative.— Ex. dU^ fjj^ " Visit me that 

I may honour thee." 
'2. -^1, the negative imperative.— Ex. v-^U:ic;^l,jfl«V 

" Disobey not 
\ke\2i,Yff lest thou 
he punished.^* 

3. ^1 , the negative. — Ex. u-»jS^ c->S\jJl JC^ V " Let not 

the liar speak, lest he 
he helied,^' 

oo ^ ^ o f S o^ 

4. *Lii-iVl , the interrogation. — Ex. j^^a-j j^ ^^ Jjb 

" Shall Zeid come, 
^ ^Aat he may he 

honoured? ^^ 

5. Jidl , desiring.— Ex. jlljls $U J vlJ " O that I had 

wealth, that. I might hestow 
it in alm%!" 

6. ^^i, hoping. — Ex. ^j JjoiJ v->>>l JjJ " Perhaps 

1 stall repent, ^Aa< my Lord 
may forgive me J' 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



SYNTAX. 



48 

7. ^^1, offering.— Ex. ^ i^ lijl^ JJJ Vi "Wilt 
thou not come down to us, 
that thou may est find good? '^ 
Some particles apocopate one verb, while others apoco- 
pate two verbs in connection with each other. Of the 
first kind we have the following, seven in number : 



as 






of o -^ O'' 

o <»• a. 



J He has not written. 

fL^>ji He has not yet returned. 

^^''.^^\ J\ Have I not written to thee ? 

O O^ m^y 

fu^j. Ui Has he not yet returned ? 
Jj^r9c\ Let him speak. 

o o^ 

i^j^^ V Let him not strike. 

The following is the list of the second kind^ contain- 
ing ten 

^)1 J as i^':fr^\ ^ ••^" ^1 If thou wilt write^ I will 

write. 
U . . s^fS^J^ ^^^J ^ Whatever thou ridest^ I 

will ride, 
u^ crt^ c^• Whosoever believeth shall 

be saved. 
Jjifl Jatt* U^ Whatever thou wilt do, I 
will do. 






o c^ o o<^ S^ 

u^l Cj^ y Whomsoever thou shalt 
beat, I will beat. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



SYNTAX. 49 

Uip .. l^v«J^LaJA>j2>UflJ Whithersoever thou shalt 

turn, thou wilt get good. 

o ^o' o ' o ^ ^^ 

^ . . j^ jjt»^ ^ When thou shalt act up- 

rightly, thou shalt be 
praised. 
UjjI . . \j^\ u-J^ Uiji In whatever place thou 

shalt sit, I will sit. 
^1 . . Jxsl JxAJ ^1 Wherever thou shalt act, I 

will act. 
. A»»jJi Aft.j-iJ Ui-». Wheresoever thou wilt 
turn, I will turn. 



EXERCISES, 

nak ohanna misat^omlil akafatt am hirag nim aw 

was he that Moptasim the to happened what strange from and 
ohagalab of ihiday if sdkl aw ihisno silj'am if nadic^k 

9 y y y y y ^ ^ y o9 o^ ^ ^ 

him it reached so his hand in cup the and his friends sitting- in sitting 

of place 

ijolof- nim jliO' dniP real if natafirahs nathrm anna 

9 9 o o o o^^ 4^ y o y ^ y o^S^ 

Ky-^-^ cr^ f^ ^^ ^^— Vi ^ i-i-j^ i\j — ol ^\ 

barbarians of a barbarian with bondage the in noble a woman that 

£ 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



OO EXERCISES. 

namuoy dhihjaw ala^ dhamatal ohannaawhayiroomae.if moorra 

■^o-^ o '^ y ^ y ■y y 9 Z»y '^ m 9 y i 

a day her face upon her stnick he that and Amoria in Boom the 
if ay dm jlicl dhal Id'k af hamisat^om dw tahdsaf 

^ :^ L. A r W UJ JLiJ .U-jtliJl^Vi^UJ 

he will come not barbarian the her to said and Mo ptasim O she cried so 
ioM omitatf^mUa matahcaf Icalba <'^P ^^^* *%^* 

^ 9 y 9 y y f y ft^ y y S o<^ 

0-L5L3I ^ .« 7 , . H ,. : -fe-* J 1 .1 O-e ^1 <SLJ1 

cup the Mo^asim sealed so a pied horse upon but you to 

ikkaf dM) aUi dhoharhta dl Id'k aw ikdssil dhalawdn aw 

delivery after but it I TTill drink not said and cup-bearer to the it gave and 
'hdb'sa ammaXaf jli9l iUakaw rsala nim hafirahshs 

'' ' ' o fi y y fi^Of^ y o S 



he was in the when and barbarian the kill- and bondage the from noble the of 
morning ing 

jorhcay dl na oharaksa^ rama aw alt U'harrib addn 

go out not that his troops ordered and Amoria to marching the for oaUed 
fla ni9hat if oojarahc af 'kalha ala^ aUi moknim doTha 

1000 70 in they went out so a pied horse upon but them of one 

* All tbe European nations, with the inhabitants of Asia Minor, 
are often called Romans by the Arabian writers. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



EXERCISES. 51 



'htafib hf/lao. ald^t hdUA 'hataf ammalaf 'kalba 

Amoria opening by him upon be high God opened when and 



JUcZa halataw . ikyhhal loo'kay awhaw dhalahcad 

soagbt and here I am says he and her he entered 

(it) 

dooyok kkaf aw okahno^ aharifdaf hafirahsha arisd 



9 ^ o 9 



— ^— - bonds loosed and his neck struck and noble the of imprisoner 
oMb ohdta af isdk ndla U itdh tkdssil Id'k aw 

U_, .'t — sLJ ^"JX ^ oU jl ,: 1 I JL5 j 

her with came he so my cup now me to bring cup-bearer to the said and 
(it) him to 

ohdrdhshs ahd't ndla lak aw hirahs aw dhamtahc kkaf af 

drink the it is good now said and drank and her seal broke and 

(its) 

ANECDOTE OF MOcTASIM. 
And this was one of the strange adventures which hap- 
pened to Mo etas im : that he was sitting in an assembly of 
his friends, with a cup in his hand ; and it was reported 
to him that a noble lady was in bondage with a barbarian 
of the barbarians of Rome, in Ammoria, and that he had 
struck her on the face one day, and she cried, " Help, O 
Moctasim !" And the barbarian said to her, " He will 
e2 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



52 EXERCISES. 

not come to you unless on a pied horse." And Moctasim 
sealed up the cup, and gave it to the cup-bearer, and 
said, " Bj heaven, I will not drink of it till after the 
delivery of the lady from bondage, and the death of the 
barbarian." And when it was morning, he gave orders 
for marching against Ammoria, and commanded his 
troops that not one man of them should go forth except 
on a pied horse : and they set out upon seventy thousand 
pied horses. And when he conquered, by the taking of 
Ammoria, he entered it, and he said, " Here I am, here 
I am ; " and he sought the barbarian, the imprisoner of 
the lady, and struck off his head ; and he loosed the bonds 
of the lady, and said to the cup-bearer, " Bring me now 
my cup ; " and he approached him with it, and he broke 
the seal of it, and drank, and said, "Now delicious is 
the wine." 



dhithco il ddz dnid taldk' halibd'kla halylla tandk ammalaf 

hor sister to zad Dina said following the night the was when and 

dnal immita of hamidn aryg itnok ni hdtcho ay ddzrhahg 

o P 



us for finish asleep not yon were if sister O Zad Shahr 




Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



EXERCISES. 53 

kiland dhoia inagalab ham&rah aw nabhoh dhai tcMk JUidafUa 

king the O me reached It honour and love her to she said story the 
ohctnni of simdkcl icha dmma aw Id'k niyyazoml anna di^atsa 

he that 5th the my brother as to and said barber the that happy the 
sdnn olasay nari'kaf nalojar ndk wa indthdl af-oo{kam ndk 

men the begs of poor man was and ears the eut was 

dnodUdw ndk aw nardhan ohohtohcay dmib otdt'kay aw nalyl 

our father was and day it takes he that by subsists and aight 
fallahc aw tarn aw Uat^f rmUa if nanipdt' naribak nahcyhs 

<— ftJi-»j oL-*j J-i-ftU ^^;— Jl <3 \ .; cLL 1^^-;— ^ \ s*-*^ 

left and died and fell ill so age the in going far great old 
Uok htahca of dnanyb dhdnmasat'k af mahrid haima9ias dnal 

every took and US between her we divided and dirhems 700 us to 

^(it) 
ahtaJica oJutnni af simdhcla ihca amma af mahrid ha'im dxhdw 



took he that fith the my brother as to and dirhems 100 one 

dmanyh aw dhih la9fay dm irday mal aw rdt'h aw mihdradd 

whilst and her by does he what knows not and amazed is and money the 
it (it) 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



54 EXERCISES. 

na ihiri'tdhc if CMkaw hti mihdradd aMit if rakkafatay awoh 

that his mind in fell when money the that in thinks he 

^ifatmay aw oha^ibay aw puon Uok nim najdjoz dhib iraihtay 

gain and it sell and sort eveiy of glass her with he will boy 

(it) 
da^akaw ribak 'kaba't if ohala9uj aw J€fjozz aratht af ihib 

sat and large basket in it put and glass the he pnrohased so it by 
oharhaht dansa af 'tid'h iJubin^f aliaw hnim 94hay oi'duom if 

his bapk leant and wall his side to and it of sell place in 
if an dy imal^i ihirfan if Uk af rikatfay ada^'k aw ihyla^ 

soul O know himself in said and thinks sat and it upon 
makrid haime^ibra ib ohoc-iba jdjozz dthdh ildm asar nna 

yo ^ ^ ^o^ 9 ^ o '' I * I . "^ ^ Si"^ 

dirhems 400 fbr itisell glass this my money (of) head that 

idni^ loisahatay na alt s.iba aw (rathsa oldza al irnii ammoht 

me with there reach that till sell and buy I cease not i'that then 
ali aholvnlia aw Gid'dab ahib iraUha af mahrid fdld ta^abra 

to her carry and goods her by buy (it) and 1000 4 

(them) (it) 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



EXERCISES. 55 



tduom 



dl ammoht mahrid fdld tayindmaht ib dhos^iba avf dthak pi 

not then 1000 8 for ber sell and such place 

(them) 




iratsha attak oldza 

her in other merchandise I buy until desist 
na'hbir dhib 'habraaw dho^ibaaf r'ti^a fansa aw rihdwajla 

L-^ . ^ H \ ^J^J ^ « J ?^ ^;-k-3tJ! u-iL-»lj ^^1^' 

gain her bj gain and her sell and perfhmes (of) kinds and jewels 
(them) (them) 

kUdmam aw hcmatcTh nardd frcttlua hildht dni^ af nalizaj 

attendants and fine a house I will buj that at and much 
iUahco dl aw fii'ka aw harhsa aw lokd aw nalyhcaw namadahcaw 

^^\ V J ULoilj ^j^\3 J^^j >-tj-^j L-Ju-i.j 

leave not and make and drink and eat and horses and senrantsand 
meny 

mohotra'd'haaw aUi hanidand if hayinnagom dl aw nainnagom 

jL t i) -^ ^^j VI I \ o > W ^ I . ; IT » V « \ J •> ir ft 

them 1 brought but city in female- singer — male-shiger 

haim aldoM MUA dha ni tldm sdr la^a aw idnie. 

iJL-ft JL«-i *1^\ Lj:* O^ jc-J^ • u-l; J-*4b ^'^^ 

100 be high GK)d wish if mj money head make and me to 

o'kabataw ihildb if hoboi'hay ohoUok dthdh mahrid fla 

basket and his mind hi it reckons was he all this 1000 

(oO he 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 




56 EXERCISES. 

ahasa^hohanniammoMmahrid KaimUb hyday nyh jdjozz 

reckoned that then -^^-^ loo by his hands between glass 
dm P af mahrid fla haim ildm rds dhti aw Id'k dw 

1000 100 mj money became when and said and 

bcTtchaaw boTtohcl if tdldUadd otha^a kUdht 

daughters demand in and weddings in female brokers I send that 
marriage 

naP inagoLah daleaf dnoiizaw dmayUdlawdrazinoldwkoolomla 

of it me reached as our vizir especially Tizirs and kings 
taMlam nto'Jd otae4dab fdiuol otaUmdk dhanna ihitnib 

o\ ^ o 9\\ 9 o ^ ©>* 9 y S 

i-.^*-» ^^^M^' 5L4«HtJ-J ujL--yVl iJL*\S I 4 \\ I 7 •■ y 

beautifhl beauty (of) wonderful descriptions (of) pc^ect she that his daughter 
Mi aw ndk oo'dar ni af rdnid fla dhorihmo dw fdr'ta la 

not if and was they consent if and dhiars 1000 her offer and ends 
irdd if talas<Ch dhti af dMba fna mgar ala^ dhothtaJica 

j^^b ti < J « 1 . n m . bLi \ ft ; j l L-ai\ ^ p^ J^ \ ft )j ..^l 

my house in she got if and her father nose putting in upon her I took 

the dust 

koolonU atawsok irathsa ammoht rdgt's mdddohchardh9a9' irathsa 

dp-Jl »j-^ iJj^^^^ ^ » jUL-i* l%lj-d. IjJL^ ^^j - * L 

king's robes then young servants 10 I will buy 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



EXERCISES. 57 



ammofU nimhtonUa rahoujli h na^ssdrom 



hdhath nim najrcuaw 

then of value jewels by set gold of saddle and 

inimap naPaw imdddok aw iflahc Uldmarrd ohikkaro 

my right on and me before and me behind attendants I make ride 
ohandkaminada^'kaaw U mctk indar dthi af Udmihsaw 

his place and caused me for stood me he saw when and my left and 
me to sit 

t pam JUohcd aw JiorMs inna il inood awoh da^k'aw 

me with I take and his son-in-law 1 because me below he sat and 
rhanUil rdnid dfla amihif nysik dmohoUmmdho aw nynUddhc 

portion for 2000 them in two purses them load and twosenrantt 

fsfan rbik oomal^y atta'h rahcd rdnid fla idho aw 

^ ^M a . » J . . ^r» j^ > 1 » ) ^ys-* y— ••^ jW-^ ^^ (^J— Jbij 
my soul(of) greatness they know so that other 1000 I gire and 

irdd aU firasna arnmokt iny^ if dynodd aragU aw 

my house to I retire then my eye in world (of) smaUness and 
t^nlahc aw ohal ihakaw Harm iiayihdn nim da'ha dj ahii af 

ekythedandhimto I gave my woman (of) side fh>m one came when and 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



58 EXERCISES. 

inni ammoht hyla^ ahotdadar hayidahih dj m aw ihyla^ 




o\j 



I then him upon it I gave back a present by came if and him upon 
mohotrama kildht oolap^f dhti af indhs 'hdlH ib mohoromd 

^4 'yj »i dU^ \^JLxJ U\ 9 (V^~^ f'^^W ^—'^J ^ 

I commanded that they did when and state my to arrange them command 
them 

hawlahcl ot'kaw dj dhti af irdd hdlsi aw dhifdfiz ib 

retirement (of) time came when and my liouse to arrange and to go in 

procession 
with her 

jdbid habatram ala^ taM'k aw ihdyiht rdhcfa tsibal itarmib 

Bilk cushion upon sat clothes the best Iputonwithmywiiie 

fmli'h roofo il naldmiht dl aw nanimay tifatla dl naikattom 



pmdenoe much for left nor right turn — reclining 

dhiUUohaw dliayiUh if rdabl ok hamid'k ttarm onookat aw (tandzar aw 

robes ornaments in mo(m like standing — wife she will be gravity — 
ntun 94Tnaj loo'kay atta'h nafala's aw narbik dhyli rohtnadldnaaw 



who all say so that pride for pride her to look — I 
dhyla^ fa*Ua9<a katayirdj aw katarmi dndlwm aw dnadiys dy ra'da'h 

her upon bend thy maid— thy wi& — lord — our master was present 
pity 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



EXERCISES. 0\3 

Karhtanib dkyla9> micna hyday nyh hamidLh dhanni af 

a look — — upon fiivour thy 2 hands between standing she for 
dhyUroktnaavfiadr ^fra kiUCht dnis. af mdyfkl dhib rradada'kaf 

look ^headlraise that at standing hurt for 

riygoaw dna mooka afdhitarjo'h alt dhib noo'dmay af hadihdw harhtcm 

change and 1 1 rise up her room to they go and one — look 

hayindhthta harrand itctdj ahtiaf dhnim na/ha sahlaammohtihsdmo'k 

8eo(nid time came — she than better put on then — clothes 
(they) 

ayyday nyh ooftkayattahdhylUrohtnaalhayindhthtaha^lihclih 

my 2 hands between they stand till to I look not robe 

ammohtiny^ fara'iih dhyli rohtna af rdrim haddic- inoolasay w 

then my eye comer Hook times sereral me ask 

dhotawlaj mmitat aitali kildhtak Idza dl aw 'dral alt "kir'to 



decoration finish till likewise desist earth " bend my eyes 

habfnofmahc hif natik oomidda'koy na maddohcla 'd9^ romdtnm ammoht 



MO it in purse they bring that seryants some command then 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



OU EXERCISES. 

dhib inoolhcoy na mohoromaammoht 'tihsdwaml all oho^afda af rdnid 

f o' ^ ^ f^ Si p y ^ 9 9 ^o-^ /■ . o 

let me alone — tire women to it gave and 

dl aw dhibinaj ali mdna aw dhyli rohtna dhib oolahcad dthi af 

«^ x" X o^ 9 O'^ 9 z' ^ ^ y 

her side to sleep and her to Hook they went in 



fjat af haribak tsfan nni innaf- Id^k'oy attah dhomillako 

m y y 9 Si y 9 * y f 






will come and great — Soul that of me it may be said that hertospea 
ali rohtno idiys ay lod'kat aw iday libba'kot af dhommo 

X 9 o9 5;x f y y „ y 9 y i9 

^^ j~^a^\ {J' " ^ i "' W \}j-^J l5-> i J . ' P ■ " ^ ^ ( •I 

to look my master O say and my hand kiss and her mother 

dl af dharitahc robja w kahro'k fhathsat dhanni af Mtayirdj 

— mind recover approaching "wishes she for thy maid 
soobat af moo'kat tnnim kildth taar dhti af nabdwaj dhyla9' ddora 

9 y y 9 y M, f o y^ x^ y oy y '-9y 

yj»^ . .7,4 ^j-a-J ^; ^ ctLJi olj iSLi I— flj-a" U-^Jg ^1 

she will she rises me from that saw if answer give 

kiss back 

tdardmawhayibaa ftanbi idiys dy loo'kat aw nardrim iljir 



I y ■^ ■^ o 



saw not yoiing my daughter my master O say several my foot 

times 

dhobla% Hsaknay 'ddbiknila kildht knim idar dhti af nalojar 

o 90 y ^ o ■^ o y ^ yy 4- 9y 

\llAi^yJ^J>\jSi\ (aLJi <&\ : . ol. liLi il_*. 

^ y y y "^ y ^ 

her heart brea]( frown that thee from she saw if and man 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



EXERCISES. 61 

dhit^ot — dharitahcato dhahla'k hiy'taw dhmiUaTtawdhyli Urn of 

L^--la« ^ U^Lo.j ^---i^ v4^j L^-Jlij l4j\ J-^-^ 
her she giye then mind heart sooth speak her to bend so 

kidiys dla^ ffil'hi dhal loo'kat aw bdraJis ihif nahaduk dhommo 

thy lord upon conjure her to say wine it in cup her mother 
ayyday nyb handak dhokorta intadj dhtiaf htks aw 

my 2 hands between standing herlieaye me came if giye him to 

drink 
inni loo'kat atta'h hfan rbik nim dhyli roktna dlikaitomdnaaw 

she says until Soul pride look — reclining I and 

ayyday nyb hamiak dhillahco aw haztzaP- isfan aw zizap> 

iS^ ••o-' . » y P o y o ^ S^ 

(js 1 ^^j-i — > i-»jL3 L^.>. L >ij *>-i>-fi lT^-^ ^-J-^ 

my 2 hands between standing her leave I powerftil 

U loo'kat af nd'tlos inna malPat aw ndwahla m9-at 'koohtat il 

9 y y o/ *^y y o y y ^o^* 9 ^ 

she says sultan know subjection (of) taste she may taste that 

iday nim 'hadalcl iddorat dl kyla^ kdll ik'ka'hib idiyt dy 

fjXJi ^^*-.Ju-ftJi ^j J V dL-JLc aJJI J ^. t5•^^— Lj 

. cup give back thee upon God (o^ truth by my lord O 

addob dl loo'kat aw ayyla^ Xkilot afdhomillako dUff katayiroQ dna aw 

j2 9 P^S^y^P-^P'^yp "^ y ^ 

J .V J^^-J-Jj ^^L-c _L1j \lif=\ ILi (sLj:-j^V Uj 

escape — me upon she urges lipeak thy slave — 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



62 EXERCISES. 

dhihjaw if iday 'dofna af imaf ali hobirra^otawihibroht ntm 

her face in I shake my mouth she brings it near drink 

tddj af ihUJirib safar ammoht dMakdhlam^aawUjirih dhosofraaw 

<© ^'^ ^ ^^ , ^ "^ <^o-' o 9 90'^ 

OL^ A-L^^^ ^^y^j ^ Ij^srUb J-.4-ftij </^^^!^ 4-*^b 
came and spumed then so make my foot with her spurn 

dral ina^^ifatrom ndkam if ndkaw jajoiz i'kaba't ala^ 

\j»Ji\ ^^ t^-i/-* c)^^=^ ci (j^^=^ rj^ir-'^ J-j^ ^J-^ 

earth of high place it was glass (oD basket upon j 

ihif dm lick rassahat aw 'dral ali lazan af 



it in that all broke ground to it went down 

THE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-SECOND NIGHT OF THE TALES 
OF A THOUSAND AND ONE NIGHTS. 

When the following night arrived, Dinazad said to 
Shahrzad, " O, sister ! if you are not asleep, finish to us 
the story." She replied to her with great pleasure, " It 
is related to me, O king of exalted dignity, that the bar- 
ber spoke thus : ' As to my fifth brother, he was crop- 
eared, and was a poor man, who begged in the* evening, 
and subsisted on that by day. Our father was an old 
man, greatly advanced in years, when he fell sick and 
died, leaving to us 700 dirhems, which we divided, each 
100 dirhems. As to my fifth brother, when he received 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



EXERCISES. 63 

the dirhems he was amazed, and did not know what he 
should do with them. But whilst he was meditating upon 
the money, it came into his mind to huj with it glass of 
every kind, and to retail and gain by it. He purchased, 
therefore, glass, and put it into a large basket, and seated 
himself in a place in which he might sell it. And by his 
side was a wall ; and he leant his back against it, and sat 
meditating and saying to himself. Know, O soul, that 
the capital amount of this glass I sell for 400 dirhems. 
Then, however, I will not stop: I will buy and sell 
till there remain with me 4000 dirhems ; and I will 
carry it to such and such a place, and will sell it 
for 8000 dirhems. Then I will not give over till 
I buy goods as before; and I will purchase with it 
in wholesale jewels and perfumes, and I will acquire 
great gain. Then after that I will purchase a fine 
house, and I will buy slaves, and attendants, and horses ; 
and I will eat, and I will drink, and I will make 
merry ; and I shall neither want for the male singer nor 
the female singers of the city, but make them to come to 
me ; and I will increase, God willing, my capital sum to 
100,000 dirhems. All this he reckoned in his imagina- 
tion, with the basket of glass before him of 100 dirhems. 
Then he still computed in his mind, and said. When it 
shall become a capital of 100,000 dirhems, then upon 
that I will send out female brokers in marriage, and I 
will demand in marriage daughters of kings and vizirs 5 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



64 EXERCISES. 

particularly of our vizir, as it is reported to me con- 
cerning her that she is perfect in accomplishments^ 
wonderful in beauty, and graceful in shape; and I 
will offer to her a portion of 1000 dinars. If they 
consent, let it be ; but if not, I will carry her away, in 
defiance of her father's anger, by force ; then, when I 
have got her into my house, I will purchase for her ten 
young slaves : afterwards I will buy robes of princes, 
and a saddle of gold, adorned with jewels of value. 
Then I will cause the servants to ride behind me and 
before me; and I will go round the city, and the 
people will salute me and will pray for me. And then I 
will return and enter to the vizir, servants behind me and 
before me, and on my right hand and on my left ; and 
when he sees me he will stand before me, and will cause 
me to sit in his seat, and place himself below me, because 
I am his son-in-law. And I will take with me two 
slaves, and I will load them with two purses, in which 
will be 2000 dinars, which I shall cause to be counted 
out as her portion ; and I will present 1000 dinars after- 
wards, that they may know my generosity and my great- 
ness of soul, and the littleness of the world in my eyes. 
Then I will return to my house ; and if one shall come 
on the part of my wife, I will present to him and clothe 
him with a rich dress ; and if he comes with a gift, I 
will throw it to him, and will not receive it from him, 
and I will not leave myself but in a respectful place. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



EXERCISES. 65 

And when these things are performed, I will go to them, 
and give them orders for the marriage night, and for the 
arrangement of my house. Then when the hour comes 
for retirement with my bride, I will dress in my most 
magnificent robes; and I will sit in dignity, reclining 
upon a silk cushion, not turning to the right or to the 
left, with grave prudence and majestic wisdom, and 
solemnity in my words; and there will be my spouse 
standing like the full moon in her robes and ornaments, 
and I will not look upon her, out of pride and respect, so 
that all those who are present will say. Oh our lord and 
our mastei', bend towards your spouse and your servant, 
for she is standing before you : favour her with a look : 
standing is indeed painful to her. Then they will kiss 
the ground before me many times, on which I will raise 
my head and look upon her with a single glance : then I 
will turn away and recline my head. They will then 
retire with her to her chamber, and I will also rise up, 
and I will change my clothes. Then I will dress more 
handsomely; and when she comes a second time in 
second robes I will not look on her till they stand 
before me, and entreat me as before. Then I will look 
upon her with the corner of my eye ; after which I will 
bend my eyes upon the ground, and I will not desist thus 
till her decoration is completed. Then I will order 
some of the servants to . bring a purse with 500 dinars, 
and I will give it to the tire-women : then I will order 

F 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



66 EXERCISES. 

them to leave me alone with her. When they have 
brought her in, then I will look at her, and I will sleep 
by her side, and not speak to h^* So that mention will 
be made of me, as to the haughtiness of my mind, and 
her mother will come and will kiss my hand, and say, 
Oh, my lord, look upon your servant, as she wishes to 
approach you and recover her spirits : but I will not give 
her any answer. And when she perceives that from me, 
she will remain kissing my feet, and will say, * Oh, my 
lord, my daughter is a virgin, and never saw man : when, 
therefore, she perceives from you those frowns, it will 
break her heart. Bend to her, then, and speak to her, and 
soothe her heart and her mind. Then her mother will 
give her a cup of wine, and will say to her. Take this cup 
to your lord, and present it to him. When she ap- 
proaches me I will let her stand before me, whilst I, 
reclining, will not look at her, from the pride of my heart ; 
so that she will say that I am proud, and my soul is 
proud; whilst I will not relax, but leave her standing 
before me, that she may taste distress, and know that I 
am sultan, and say to me, Oh, my lord, by the truth of 
God do not refuse the cup from my hand, I am your 
servant; and I will not speak to her. Then she will beg 
me earnestly, and she will say. You must drink it ; and 
she will advance it to my mouth, and I will shake my 
hand in her face, and spuri^ her with my foot. My 
brother, being thus employed, pushed with his foot, and 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



MONTHS OF THE TEAR — DATS OF THE WEEK. 



67 



struck with yiolence upon the hasket of glass^ which^ 
being on a place elcTated above the ground, fell upon the 
pavement, and broke aU that was in it.' *' 



JJ^\'^\ 


THE MONTHS OF 
THE TEAR. 


jli)l c)>^("*') cdnoon aththdni, 


January. 


WLi shobd't, 


February. 


Ji\ dddr, 


March. 


^LmJ nisdtif 


April. 


Jj\ it/dr, 


May. 


^jl^ja. hazirdn, 


June. 


jj^ tammouz, 


July. 


vl db, 


August. 


^\ ilool, 


September. 


J^Vl ^Jl/j (o) tishreen al-outDal, 


October. 


^ildi ^JiJiJ(iZi) tishreen aththdni, 


November. 


JjVi oji\r((i) Cdmon al-ouwal, 


December. 




THE DATS Of THE 


jo.Vi aUa'had, 


WEEK. 

Sunday. 


vycSVi al-ithnine, 


Monday. 


\J5iill aththaldtha, 


Tuesday. 


\M}Ji\ alrarhaG,a, 
fjZji' aUSharms, 


Wednesday. 


Thursday. 


AJb»U aljomaahf 


Friday. 


vsa^I a9$abty 

f2 


Saturday. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



CARDINAL NUMBERS. 






CARDINAL NVMBBK8» 



lJU 



^^-Ic LSI 



AJO.l 



^^^ ^^ 









ithnine, 

thaldtkah, 

arbapahf 

chamsahf 

sittahy 

saboahy 

thamdniyahy 

tiseah, 

pasharah, 

thda ^har, 

ithna Gshary 

thalata Gshar^ 

arhaeia csJiar, 

chamsata o^havy 

sittata c^har, 

sabe.ata eshar, 

thamanita cshar, 

ti8G,ata psluir, 

c,imreen, 

thaldtkeen, 

arbaceen, 

chamseeuy 

sitteeny 

sabc£en, 



one. 

two. 

three. 

four. 

five. 

six. 

seven. 

eight. 

nine. 

ten. 

eleven. 

twelve. 

thirteen. 

fourteen, 

fifteen. 

sixteen. 

seventeen. 

eighteen. 

nineteen. 

twenty. 

thirty. 

forty. 

fifty. 

sixty, 
seventy. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



ORDINAL NUMBERS. 



poUS tkamdneenf 

{j<3u*^ tisoeeUp 

ifU miyahp 

c^l alf, 

J^i awaly 

cJU thAlithj 

fL>\j rdhie., 

1^1^ ShdmiSf 

^^Ui sddiSf 

*>L* sdbi^f 

^^U thdmin, 

&.m\j tdsicy 

^Ic eAshiVp 

jla v*J1j thdlith Gashr^ 

jLs. 9i\j rdbie, ^ashr, 

jIa ^jil^ chdmis Goshr, 

yi^ A^L» sdbic. GOshTf 

fi^ ^^U thdmin coshr, 

JLfi &m\j f(!^e Gashvy 

y^^j^^ cishroon, 



CABDINAL NUMBEBS. 

eighty, 
ninety, 
a hundred, 
one thousand. 

OBDINAL NUMBEBS. 

first. 

second. 

third. 

fourth. 

fifth. 

sixth. 

seventh. 

eighth. 

ninth. 

tenth. 

eleventh. 

twelfth. 

thirteenth. 

fourteenth. 

fift;eenth. 

sixteenth. 

seventeenth. 

eighteenth. 

nineteenth. 

twentieth. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



70 



COLLECTIVE NUMBERS — MEASURES. 



^ 






©> 



6^ 



ntsf doozinahy 

e.ishreen, 

miyah, 

alf, ^ 

anniify 

aththolthy 

arrobe., 

al'Choms, 
tholthine, 
thalathat arbda, 
arbaaat aehmds, 
moSAc/if, mozwij, 
motkallath, 
morabbaof 



jiJl^^j-Ull 



'kintdr, 
ra'tly 
ou'kiyahy 
dirham, 
thirdc., 
^u^\ « ^j^ isbae,y 'kird't, 






t^ 



'kadaviy 



COLLECTIYS NUMBSBS. 

a couple. 

half-a-dozen. 

a score. 

a hundred. 

a thousand. 

the half. 

the third, 
ja quarter, or a 
i fourth. 

a fifth. 

two thirds. 

three fouths. 

four fifths. 

double. 

treble. 

fourfold. 



quintal. 

pound. 

ounce. 

dram. 

yard. 

inch. 

foot. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



MEASURES — DIALOGUES. 



71 





J-. meel, 




fathom. 






mile. 




y,ljj fadd&n. 




acre. 


1 


2 8 4 6 6 


7 


8 9 10 


1 


r 1- f « 1 


V 


A 1 1. 



DIALOGUES. 



FIRST DIALOGUE. 



ABABIC PABLANCE. PBONUNCIATION. 

ijx^\lj^ — Ld 'sabd'h al-Shire yd, 
sidi, 
(ftUU ^\ aish 'hdlak, 
ttLU*> 41}!^^. L^ 'fy-t& hichireAUah 
yosalUmahy 
^!^^ \,JS keifasba'htom, 

SJ ^\^ 41) Jbjl aVhamdu lilldh 
ddex lahoTTiy 
jL>>l ttljj^ J* hal Q,indaka€hbdr, 



ENGL. EQUIVALEKT8. 

Good morning, 

Sir. 
How are yon ? 
Well— may God 

save yon. 
How were you in 

the morning ? 
Praise be to God, 

praying for yon. 
Have you any 

news? 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



72 



DIALOGUES. 



ARABIC PARLANCB. 



PRONUNCIATION. 



^ ^^ V M shy mohimrrvy 
tt uao!K».*» Jft hal samipt shyy 

dj».l achooky 

\^ \joi/^ maridjiddariy 
41)1 *\iJ:» shafdh Allahy 

i*i^a» (j^li) ^jA aine (foraine) cont 
(5 A aIiVI a/ eyydm di, 

JyuL. cs*:3 cow^ mashgooly 
Ji3 oil Ja Aa/ shoftfoUn, 



i^ ^ na^m shoftohy 
dbfc J^ ^1 awA yacmal 
hondcy 
Jms} yetcallam, 
^ i/i (J* wa^a yaji hondy 

t^Juft ^^ lie JL saUim 9alieh min 
oindiy 



ENGL. EQUIVALENTS. 

Nothing of impor- 
tance. 

Have you heard 
any thing ? 

How is your bro- 
ther? 

Very ill. 

May God cure 

him! 
Where were you 

these days ? 

I was busy. 
Did you see So- 
and-so ? 
Yes, I saw him. 

What is he doing 

there .^ 
He is studying. 
When will he come 

here? 
To-morrow. 
Salute him on my 

part. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



J^^^J 



DIALOGUES. 73 

▲BABIO PARLANCE. P&ONUNCIATIOK. BNOL. EQUI'VALXl^Tfl. 

aJI jli^ c>^ ^ c^ wakol loh irmi And tell him that 
moshtdkiliekf I am desiring to 

see him. 
(J»i^\ U ma ansash, I will not forget 

4^'XJ\ ju mae. assaldmahy Go in peace. 

SECOND DIALOGUE. 

\i t/d walad "talde, Boy, is it mom- 

alfajr, ing? 

^^U;^^viA«tt>^j*^l ashshams 'tala^at Thesnn has risen 

min zamdfiy for some time, 

u-i^ 4i\UI j^\ U lammd aftah at- When I open the 

tdSah tashoof, window you will 
see. 

j». ♦ ^^ ia'hi% 'ha'k% True, 

(slijb* jil aWha'k'k maGak, You are right. 

♦ VU i^U J Cj-^ jt& /t thidbi mlan Bring me my 

(J^l) (hil^jal), clothes quickly. 

^J^3 L» « jb ^^1 aine hi, hiafaine, Where are they ? 

^jXai\ ^ e)bb hondc aala ssau" There, on the box 

eL»\j Juc doo'k cindrdsak, near your head. 

U J ^^r^j u^^ r'j ^^^ ^^ tr«;tft ?l Now go and bring 

J^l ^ (^^) md (moyahyhaU me some water, 

t^Jjj ^j ta agsil wajhi that I may wash 

woryadiyaf my face & hands. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



74 DIALOGUES. 

ARABIC PAELANCE. PRONUNCIATION. ENGL. EQUITALXNTS. 

^j^ »jj^ toridoh sothn^ Do you want it 

warm ? 
^)1^. Ul U V Id md and barddn, "No, I am not so 

cold. 
J»y" cM^ O'ine alfoo'tdh^ Where is the 

towel? 
v-iUai L^ aJ U md fih fowa't ni- There are no clean 
thdf(nizdf)y ones. 

aJUkU ^jV»c1 aetytohom lilgas- I gave them to be 
«(^Za^, washed. 

r_^^^\j v:>,jt \i; nazzafL tdsoomatif Have you cleaned 
(^jTj^) (markoobi), my shoes ? 

Lsiki U Cl Z«*<!^ wi^ nazzaf' As yet I have not 
^M, cleaned them ? 

c^) LT^ ^^ ^3 wa-ldkin 6dblamd But before you are 
l^iki^ (c:u««J talbas(tako(mla'' dressed I will 
bist) onazzifkd, clean them. 
aU j,^ nazzifliom 'hdlan^ Now clean them 

quickly, 
(ri^l amrac, I obey your order. 

i<^Vt^ ^*& <Jor^, Bring a chair. 

jjal J^ tafadilal o'kcod, Pray be seated, 
j^^x^ll (StUU ^1 aish 'hdlacydsidiy Well, Sir, how are 

you? 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



i^iALoauEs. 75 

AftABiC PARLANCE. PRONUNCIATION. ENGL. EQUIVALENTS. 

4S1 x^ aVhamdo lilldhj Thanks. 

A».U SiJ torid Itdjahy Do you want any 

thing ? 

^j^^* V loiy cathir ckeirak, No, thank you. 

^dbUa. ^jA t5^1yo morddi minjand- I have a request 
6a6* sktf, to make to you. 

jst ^\ aish kowa, What is it ? 

Jii djJift U ^;\i^^;l »» c^w w^ cmd(ik If you have no- 
^VjUl Jl jjt. JW shoglta^lmaoi thing to do, 

«7a Ibdzdr, come vnth me 

to the bazaars. 
Lli jjijo ijjLi^ nashtari ha^cl We will buy some 
ashyd, things. 

\jj^ (s)^U* i^\ dhh morddac task- What do you wish 
tariy to buy? 

AsLs^ oUU 'hdjdt moc'htali' Different things. 
fahy 
Pj5 ij;\ ^JA min eye now^. What kind ? 
u^^lj jTiU Ul CLcle wa shshorhy To eat and to drink 

'^ U Cf^\ a'hdbh md fjalyyuy Very well, with 

great pleasure. 
(JU) Ul -jjj naroo'hitkan^om-' 

mdl), Let us go, then. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



76 DIALOGUE^* 

AAABIO PARLANCE. PSOKTJNCIATION. ENGL. EQUIYAIfiNTS. 

(s) jj^ ^J«l^ ^^ ^\ aish min foloos What kind of mo- 
^indaCf ney have you ? 

oV\j, riyaldtf Dollars. 

^ « yaii'h'hf It will do, 

v..J^l ^xj[>. ShaUini ashoof^ Let me see. 
Ji^ 1 jj^ M^^<t ;2;a^a/, This one is false. 

J-*** Lri' ^**^ naomaly What shall we do ? 

uJ;cl U wi<i acrt/J I do not know. 

JUl^lj j^ JAo^A wanzor al- Take and look at 
ft4'At, the rest. 

c^^IL Jj^ e?o/ 'tyihin, These are good. 

t^^j jU ^jj lli. Skalind narocfh Sdr Let us go, it is late. 
(\j^U) wachri (tacLch* 

chamd), 
vsJj U) Jb U m(^ fta'^i /aw A There is no more 
wa'kt, time. 

izJj ( Ji;U) Ai LJ /issa Jih (md zdl) There is yet time. 

wakt, 
(jli>)^}^\Ji jAfliULi 'kahlamd yoglac Before the bazaar 
J-fl* albazarnasily closes we will 

reach it. 
Jsrl> JLr nawwAt hilaajcU, Let us walk 

quickly. 
4j^ j^Ul assaaah thaldthah, Is it three o'clock ? 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



DIALOGUES. 77 

THIRD DIALOGUE. 
A&ABIC PABLANCE. PEONUNOIATION. ENOL. EQUIVALENTS, 

^j\yi\ isJj\ \^ dalwakt aUazan They are now call- 

(al-athan), ing to prayers. 

(j^ f^ ^jSli \J[>. Shallind nashoofji Let us see in this 

J^S^\ di ddokkArif shop. 

oUU»-li J^ La^ marhdba bicom You are welcome, 

\jj^ ^\ yorchawdjdt gentlemen. At 

aish tanzoroOy what do you 

look? 

ij^iuo oi^l^^^lfi ^yzin sajjdddt We want some 

'sagirahy small carpets. 

^j>^ A— -» U uJ^ shoofmdfihahsan See, there are none 

J^^ ^^ min dolcy better than these. 

,^1 jj ^;;^=J c-^ '^ytft Idkin 'kaddr Good, but what is 

jttJ!\ aish assioTy its price ? 

IjL (jfl-i^ rachi'sjiddaUy It is very cheap. 

l\i^ * (j^l ««*^> Ao2:?a </«/«, What ! it is dear. 

i^W J!tA J a; Mkadaishta^'tih, For how much will 

you give it ? 

viJl li** Lri' «^ 'AacW awA tae,ti What do you 

antUy offer ? 

(j^ W^ *--^ MawwaA 2(?a ^^Z<i- Thirty -five pias- 

thin carsh (^kirsh) tres. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



78 



DIALOaUES. 



ARABIC PARLANCE. 




fj«>^j JjU 



PRONUNCIATION. 

yd Shaivdjdt md 
yomhin hiarihds 
min 6hamsin in 
acjabcomy 

tormtachoth ar- 
hacin, 

wa ilia Shd'tirak, 

assior di yochas- 
dmij 

tarhah (taksib), 

min ghyrohy 

al youm md Met 
shy, 

nacodd alfoloos. 



wa Icarndlf 
jj^ 8jj| indah walad, 
cuJl J\ Uji.li ^ 'katta yachothhd 
ila Ibite, 
d^LU. chd'th^aky 
41}1 ^)UI ^^ fi amdni-iUah, 



ENGL. EQUIVALENTS. 

Gentleman, not 
less than ^fty, 
if you please. 

Will you take 

forty? 
If not, adieu. 
I shall lose hy this 

price. 
You will gain by 

something else. 
To-day I have sold 

nothing. j 

Let us count thel 

money. 
Quite right. 

Call a boy, 
that he may take' 
it to the house. 
Good by. 

With the peace of 
God. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



DIALOaUES. 



79 



ARABIC PARLANCE. 












FOURTH DIALOGUE. 
PRONUNCIATION. 

jthfo'toovj 
jib gaddj 
jib ShobZf 
jib Idban, 
a^'ti soccar, 
col coshdk, 
ishrab ^halib, 
nawir assirdj, 
nawirashsham^ah 
atfi shsJiamoah, 
la tansa, 
tacdla hand, 
'carriby 
min ainejdyiy 



sj\j^\ waL 'ha'ddir ashshay. 



^jij^\ jJl J* ynU ila al yamin, 
JlcJtJl J\ Ja mxL ila ashshimdlf 

' 'a ' ' 

Ian, 



VU c>J\ ^1 ^, ro'h ila albite 'hd- 



ENGL. EQUIVALENTS. 

Bring breakfast. 
Bring dinner. 
Bring bread. 
Bring milk. 
Give sugar. 
Eat your supper. 
Drink milk. 
Light the lamp. 
Light the candle. 
Put out the candle. 
Do not forget. 
Come here. 
Come near. 
Where do you 

come from? 
Where are you 

going? 
Make ready the 

tea. 
Turn to the right. 
Turn to the left. 
Go home quickly. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



80 DIALOaUES. 

ARABIC PABLANOB. PBONXTNCIATION. ENOL. EQUIVALENTS. 

a^Qi' »JJl indah aVhammd- Call the porters. 
liriy 

SaIUI 2 nah!hi al mdidah, Take away the 

table. 

^ji*/^l ♦ i^l^] i'htarisj Be carefiil. 

iu»jj^\ j lf- 'ha'd'dir al carroo Get ready the car- 

sahf riage. 

^U ei^i anta f&'dif Are you at leisure? 

jA^U dl*^^^ ^»«'» caramak sd- Be pleased to for- 

mi^hnij give me. 

A^i ol»c familt alfarshah, Have you made 

the bed? 

u^Ul Vi^ darhiz al bdb, Fasten the door. 

i.^rflt (^jjb M^At mo'sibahj This is a misfor- 
tune. 

^H^ ^ komjokald, They are ignorant 

^^\i^5» u>-». ^ift kitdhiy Bring my book. 

j^i Jl -.^ ro'A ila assoo'k^ Go to the market 

^ i^j<i» u-Ajrfj. ^t& showyyat Bring a little meat 
laltmj 

FIFTH DIALOGUE. 

^j^ man ant, Who are you ? 

^ {J^y ley ah jeetf Why are you come? 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



DIALOGUES. 81 

ARABIC PARLANCE. PRONUNCIATION. BNQL. EQUIVALENTS. 

t/* li Jy^ ^rj iorid taSool li shy. You will say some- 
thing to me. 

J-5j ^;i^suV la tacon thakeal, Don't be trouble- 
some. 

-yi^l lii ana ackroj, I will go out. 

^^[^ t-^ gih thidhi, Bring my clothes. 

cslUfc ^ mA horn collohom ho- They are all there. 
ndky 

^ ^j» man hoo^ Who is he ? 

cslU Jtf^l Ja AaZ a'AacZ hondk. Is any one there? 

ij^iS^ J5 'coZ cZi camdny Say that again. 

Ij^ -j^ ^^ na'hn naroo'h ga- We shall go to- 

da, morrow. 

y^ ^ nafh'hi hdtka, Move this way. 

jijAs i^^sa\3 fjSjb hdtki fdUhalifd- This is a very fine 

c'hirahj fruit. 

c->-aF ^ 1 jjb A<i^Aa 'chdbar ca- This is wonderful 

^'15, news* 

^yu\-t^^cy^^^:^ na'An jouodnin We are hungry 

wacxitshdnin, and thirsty. 

fjaJLj^ J-d^ ^_jb howarajolmahta- He is a careful 

(u'^) ^** (^hart's), man. 

jV u!H^'>^(^ ^'^^w caththdbin They are great 

At&<^r, liars. 
G 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



82 DIALOGUES. 

ARABIC PABLANOE. PRONUNCIATION. ENOL. EQUIVALENTS. 

^JJJ^ jj^ ^kalboh mahzoon. His heart is 

grieved. | 

o^ ^^Vl (sk^'^ ma!sla!hatak al-dn Is your business 
tammat, now completed? 

fjy ^ JJ*3J1 Jfc hal addalil e,alieh Is the proof of it, 
'cawif strong ? | 

iukdi i^jft ^ Aia exidimat alji't- She is very impu- 
naA, dent. 

i^^) v3^3^ al-jouw 'sdjl (^sd- The sky is quite 
'Ai), clear. 

ijiVl Ij-as .aVjl J^i dot owldd yohih- These are mis- 
ho al athiyah, chievous chil- 

dren. 
^yji:;ss» 1^ ^Jf collohom hakoo They all remained 
mochtaflny hidden. 

^jlftU jJii 'calhoh 'caVcdrij His heart is rest- 
less. I 
j^l jA Aotra ahmahf He is a fool. 

JA* d2^' ^-^ A<i^^ a/ warak This paper is 
mahlool, moist. 

h^ J*\fi ^ ma» pdmil 'daj- Who is making a 
jahy noise ? 

Jyj JUft ^\ aish QMmmdl ta- What are you say- 
'kooly ing ? 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



DIALOGUES. 83 

ARABIC PARLANCE. PRONUNCIATION. £NOL. EQUIVALENTS. 

fj^ Ja^' j*-*^ J!^) (^ish ism arrajol What is the name 
di, of this man ? 

l;^^ l^ ^ J-fc hal caladikka ash' Is there much fruit 
jNLi^a J shajarak tha- on that tree ? 
mar cathivy 

SIXTH DIALOGUE. 

J^^ JJj tacallam hisohoo- 

lahf Speak easy. 

elU* Jl -jj^ jjJ V la taG.od tarodh Go not there 

ila hondky again. 

esJljA ^^^.^sU jA ^^ wa?i Aoo sdkin h(h 

ndk, Who lives there ? 

U^ juJ iijil !_>-&. ^i6 sho-whyyat Bring some wine 
nabith wa md, and water. 

L;>i All ^ harridalmd'ty-iby Cool the water well. 

ijiUl f^ ijiJl aZ ^oda cftZa al- The dinner is on 
md-idah, the table. 

<sU-*l ^jiil aish ismak, What is your 

name? 

lj> jil> «<t ^oica lidthik jid- He is very clever. 
dan, 

fjy fjjSi jj-atf* sa'Khini badri Wake me very 
caioi, early. 

q2 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



84 DIALOGUES. 

ABABIO PARULNCE. PRONUNCIATION. ENGL. KQUIVALBHTS. 

jsf* ^J^\ aUyoum sdhowj It is fair to-day. i 
J\ ♦ s^jisX ictarafj dharr^ He has made con-1 

fession. I 

AjJli «^i isbir showhyyahj Have patience a 

little. j 

ruj J^ ,^1 ibcathhom ila Send them to my' 

ht/ti, house. 

t. iiji J»j roshsk showhyyat Sprinkle a littk 
mA, ^ater. 

rafkah, leaf. 

^Ja^ij ^„Jdi\ W orhot aydihom wa- Tie their hands 

arjolhom, and feet. 

^gi A&^ Vjb ^owa /a Air caZa Here is a fakir ai 

al hah J the door. 

\i>. ^ jA howa fahim jid- He is very intelli 

dan, gent. 

^^ i__rV ^J^ {j^ ^* p^*^^ '^y^^ ^"^^ This is very god 

bread, 
(j^ k^aJW ^i mj>j\ ^VJ^^fi assikkah Come back this 
di, way. 

L^j^\ If^ai Ji- 6hoth dikha aU Take this letter. 
maktooh, 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



DIALOGUES. 85 

ARABIO PARLANOB. PRONUNCIATION. ENQL. SQUIYALSNTS. 

o-Jl ^jA —^1 ochroj min al bite, Come out of the 

house. 
asX^jj dbjj ^y^\ igsil yadike ua- Wash your hands 
wajhakf and face. 

j^^\^^ ijuff cindoh dshdb ca- He has many 
thir, friends. 

^3 ci>^*^ *^^ LTi' ^^^ f^^^daJi itt' What benefit will 
l^^^ coon fi dikluiy there be in that ? 

jii^uj^ i^jjIiT cdhadoo 'hozn ca- They have suffer^ 
</ar, ed much sorrow. 

• aLjL ii» a1 loh WhyaJi 'taivt' He has got a long 
lahy beard. 

\JAj^ ^JA ^J^\ uish min 'tire hd- What bird is this ? 
tha, 
ji^^K^y^ howa sikkir, He is a great 

drunkard. 
1 jjb ^^ JS>. 'Aa'AZ man hdtha, Whose field is 

this ? 
dUft ^j-l5 ^j^j^ cam can n^5 ho- How many people 
ndkj were present? 

SEVENTH DIALOGUE. 

^\j»^\ S vs^J A-» ^ w<i^A ;2?/fe^ a«w- There is no oil in 
rdji the lamp. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



86 BIALOaUES. 

ARABIC PABLAKCE. FRONUNOIATIOK. ENGL. EQUIVALEHTS. 

JS (sWUf ^^ ^jkc^ actiniminfacUac Pray give me a 

'kalantj pen. 

ajKS ^^1 aine dokhdnohj Where is his shop? 

^^ (j-i-*" ciHl al-malikjalas ca- The king sat upon 

j}^\ la assarir, the throne. 

^^^..^ j3j^ soutoh 'hasartj His voice is good. 

yj^ ul^tr*" Sh* t5^ ^y^ noue. 'haya- What sort of ani- 

1 jjb n?<i7t howa hdtka, mal is this ? 

(sbl^U*(a)l»fr^ jjiljil awA na'si'hatak What is your ad 
(ma rayali)f vice ? 

(ft)^ jjijil ji cadd aish pomrak, What is your age ' 
db** f"^^-" keifsi'h'katak, How is your 

health? 
OJJ^ A-^ V^ 5^*^ ^'*^^ ^^ ^alam Bring ink, pen, 
wa wardk, and paper, 

t jjb ^J* ^^\.a^ 'hisdn man hdtha, Whose horse is 

that? 
jjfe^Vl \^yb ^jA wa/i hoo dikha aU Who is that Euro- 
ifranjif pean. 

jji ^JCfyl\ tjjt hat hihalarcl boor, This soil is barren. 
J^ JUft Jii jjtil aM skogl cam- What business are 
vidl taomilf you doing ? 

i/C^0^1j^l IjUft camalo acihdr They made much 
cathtrah, apology. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



DIALOGUES. 87 

ABABIC PASIANCE. PRONUNCIATION. ENGL. EQUIVALENTS. 

^\j iL^j (^juff e,indi wajac. rds, I have a headach. 
A9^ Ljli. fjj>jj^ sar waShri Shal- It is late, let us 

Una nitwajjahy depart. 
XWi juk.j ^j» (J^^ yashtaki min wa- He has a liver 
jao, aUcabidf complaint 

Q-^i %>j »juff oindoh wajac. He has a tooth- 
ad'dirsj ache. 

g^jLiJ till j^^Ul j3 Ji al'hazar a^hya There are many 
k^AxU catldrahlilrlichj playthings in 

the bazaar. 
A«ayjJl s jjk kdthih attarjO' This translation is 
Ij^ mah 'hasanaJi very good. 

c-A-L ^Ir (sbftU sacatah iamski Your- watch goes 
'^y-^^, well. 

%JL fj^ di shame,, This is a wax can- 

dle. 
t-> .lill L^s >^^^ cawi ^iVa aVMrib, How much is the 

fare of the boat ? 

icUi j^ cam assdeah, What o'clock is it? 

^liJl *»^l ir/ac assatdr-yerj Lift up the blinds. 

^^j^^ ^' na A7« aiso'hoorij Take away the 

dishes. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



88 DIALOGUES. 

ARABIC PARLANCE. PRONUNCIATION. ENGL. EQUIVALENTS. 

ij5Ul ^ ^^L. £-a. 'Ao'« sdMti Gala Place my watch 

almdidah, on the table. 

a^mU 24^00^11 tjj» Aa^AfA aUfdkihah This fruit is very 
'Mmi'daky acid. 

^^Lift ciJl ^V laishantaga'dbdn. Why are you an- 
gry? 
fjy c,*jL.» Jii (^.J dishoglsach cam, This is a very dif- 
ficult business. 
</^ c^ij^ r* ^^^ makMrin ba- They are very art- 
t«7i, ful. 

^^ ^^ (^i ^jiWl al-6omdsh di cha- This cloth is very 
shin 'camij coarse. 

jilll LJ vs^jl Jjb AaZ anta tailo'h Are you fit for the 
lisJishogly business ? 

LT*^ a* "i;}^ (T^^ O'^youmabradmin It is colder to-day 
am*, than yesteiday. 

U^ L^ ^ kia Sharsa wa" She is dumb and 
'tarshay deaf, 

c^ jS I4J) Ai\^ i^^ t?i «Z Idcdyah coU This story is all a 
loh.a kathib, lie. 

^>-L c-^^ 1 jjb A^^Aa 2?a&i5 '^y-«2>, These are fine rai- 
sins, 
jii^ojj »juft eindoh bite cabir, He has a large 

house. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



DIALOGUES. 89 

ARABIC PARLANCE. PRONUNCIATION. ENOL. EQUIVALENTS. 

i^ji Aa^ A-o^Vi (j^ di al-oudah shir- This room is very 

'hah cawiy well lighted. 

(5j9 aJW *^ji\ {j^ di dlroudah ^li- This room is veiy 

yah Sawif lofty, 

^li AxJo 'tahcoh cdsiy His disposition is 

cruel. 

^^l^iy ^yu5Lj^ Aom casldnin wa- They are lazy and 

ntotahdmilin^ negligent. 

t^ky.j^j ^^iS^ dialcalamraShow This pen is too 

hiziyddahy soft. 

\ j>. ^^^ jijj^l Ijjb A4<Aa aZ wara'k This paper is vefy 

chashinjiddariy coarse. 

ijy (3^^ (^ »^' ^^^^ tatacaUam You speak very 

hlUtaanni cawiy slowly. 

j^^J$jVIj Jilj jJiJ ia'hdir tatacaUam Can you speak 

bilanhlezi, English ? 

aw Vlj Jjil t^^ wa-iUa Descend, other- 

tahae,, wise you will fall. 

^ ^jj di5l jjV ia hodd annak tOr You must go with 

roo'h macif me. 

^5i A>.\il 1j nah'hi aWhdjah Take away this 

t?t, thing. 

aITa*^ naerifohcollohy We know it all. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



90 DIALOGUES. 

ARABIC PARLANCE. FBONUNCIATION. ENGL. EQUIVALENTS. 



\^jxi yacHfo cathir, They know a gi*eat 

deal. 
^^o$c-ajJ j^ilT caUafni tacdb He gave me much 

cathir, trouble. 

51 (JtJi^^V laish iad'hahhila Why do you laugh 
sahdb, without cause ? 

^^ jft U Ijjb hdthamahoohyti, This is not my 

house. 
ijb>j\ t jjb Ji\ ^jj^ 'challini ashomm Allow me to smell 
hdtkih azzahrahj that flower. 

o^Ij t<«^l ^Jbi^ idhan alcorsi biz- Apply oil to the 
«ite, chair. 

u^UI ^1 ifta'h al-bdhf Open the door. 

^^^»LjJ1 ^^ ^jOM) bac,'d min al^asd- Some of the sol- 
\j»^\ kir injara'ho, diers have been 

wounded. 
jJ^l \^^9^ u>j>o\ i'drib dika al wa- Beat that lazy 

^;5L.^sOI lad al casldn, boy. 

j^L» 1 jjb Jli ^2)\ Jjo ba^d an 6dl hdtha Having said this, 
( jlkil) sdfar (Jntalak)f he departed. 
dbL>. l^ ciJjj S cam balagat 'M- What is the 

imat hisdbak, amoimt of your 
bill? 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



DIALOGUES. 91 

ARABIC PABLANOE. PSONUNOIATION. BNOL. BQUIVALBNT8. 

Jj"^ c^ Jy^'j^LTi' ^'^^ ^^^ aZ/ar'A What is the diflPe- 

vyoVl bine dol al ith- rence between 

nine, these two ? 

CiUJ3 JU11 jft U^9 eamahooalmo^l' As the master, so 

JjdLl ^;ijC Ztm cathdlik ya- will be the scho- 

coon al mota- lar. 

EIGHTH DIALOGUE. 

\ jjb ^3 J-^ ^JA j»^» cam miw ^aiZ Ji In this book how 
u^b^sjl A<i^^a aZ ^77<i&, many chapters 

are there ? 
icLoJI sjjb ^ Jft hal c,ala JiAthih air On these goods is 
c-iLil ^^ LU-il htddcah is'kd't there any dis- 

Ji aVhisdh, count ? 

UJ\ \-r\r^ A-all 1 jjb kd'ha a^sabi mo* This boy is much 
Ij^ 'hahbah ilyna loved by us. 

jiddan, 
el«g#^jill 1 jjb ^^ Jfc ZiaZ^ hdtha al gar In this tank are 
dir samakj there any fish ? 

Luu SSCcu* o jk»1 i^'^af^ samacah bi- 1 caught a fish 
coia, with a rod. 

c)!i/ ^ ^ l/^^ *^ hdthih alba'karah This cow has no 
ma laha 'koroon, horns. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



92 DIALOGUES. 

ARABIC PARLANCE. PRONUNCIATION. ENQL. EQUIVALENTS. 

^^ Vsib e,y {j\ ^jA min eye none, hd- Of what kind is 

tha al jooSh, this cloth ? 

^Lj ^^\ (sliij j3 Ja hal Jl niyatak an Do you intend go- 

Vjj^ {^ tosdfir ila ou» ing to Europe ? 
robba, 

(IasS^*) \i^\ s jjb Jb ^aUi'k hdthih ath' Hang up this lamp 

acIaII ^ thoryia (anna- in the hall. 
^o/aA) Ji al- 
^kdpahf 

(ij\^\ ^^LJ Ja hal tosdfir ji aU Do you go by land 

^} barrowfialbaliVj or by water? 

Jm JU diSjjjy^ sandoukak ma la^ There is no lock 

ho (loh) 'kofl, to your box. 

Jaj^l x^Jb ^^ ^ala'tarafannahr There is much 

jji^a wa'hl hathiTf mud on the river 

side. 

^^^LIl ^^ ^j\r*^» cam c<^?i min al- How m^ny pas- 

i-**^! dJi ;3 mosdfirinfi thd^ sengers were in 

lih al m^rkab, that vessel ? 

aITc^-JIjW toGattar al bite The whole room 

collohy was scented, 

ijjb u^U ojl Ja AaZ onto «<i'^t& Are you the owner 

^yi hdthih adddr^ of this house ? 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



DIALOGUES. W> 

ARABIC PASLANOE. PBONUNOIATION. ENGL. EQUIVALENTS. 

dDj.^9 JxaJ U.^9 cama tafcal kor Such as you will 
^% thdlik toWki, do, so will you 

find. 
^3-»^ jii. aLJI attaslim Shire ra- Resignation is the 
ft% best companion. 

jjj^J^ ^jJ^ addonya ddr go- The world is the 
rouVf house of deceit. 

(iJLa?'') jj^\ Ij^ thamarat attaha- The fruit of rash- 
i.ljJI wor {ale,ajcdah) ness is repent- 

annaddmah, ance. 

i.i^4^ i-au^^l as%ahr manhdbah Patience is an ex- 
mahmoodakf cellent quality, 

^j^ j^ c\ % ...H assamde, chire Hearing is better 

^V^a«J1 mm aZ caldm^ than speaking. 

(»Uj.^9 J^ U^9 {^ama tatacallam Such as you speak, 
ff»-7 cathdlik tasmac., so will you hear. 

i>.yi --l-ft* icLflll aWkand^ah mif- Contentment is the 
id'li arrd'hahf key of repose. 
^\ld.V^ oj* J4U aZ ^'a^Z mow^ al- To be ignorant is 
ahydy death to the 

living. 
^^ ^ J^ii .>La2»Vl aUi'ktiidd fi coll Moderation in 

shy chire, every thing is 

best. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



94 DIALOaUES. 

ARABIC PARLAHOB. PEONUHOIATION. EKOL. EQUIYALEHTS. 

itUil jubSo A^i^ ah'hahim takfih To the wise a hint 

aUishdrahf is enough, 

ijjjl ^^ dUi J^U sdcid achdkfi ash' Assist your bro- 
shiddahy ther in distress. 

jjT 1.U ]^/f^"^l;-'>^^ addawd cathiran Very frequently 
'G «roa yacoon dd, medicine is sick- 



Aj^w i-i/o ^jLiVi al-insdn yocxaf Man becomes 

bidratoh, known from his 

conduct 
Li^l jjjj idLI ^ minal-mane,tasid From prohibition 
arraghahf desire increases. 

^ Jli V o^^ alrbacht la ydti Fortune does not 
i^^sjl mae,aWhikmahf come with wis- 

dom. 



NINTH DIALOGUE. 



»ijjuii\ V^tx^ ^^ fi moddat hdtha During this month 
jpji^ ashshahr icaka^ much rain fell. 
ma tar cathir, 
ctlb^ Jl U^U c«»1 iboath Shddim ila Send a servant 

hondkf there. 

i;:f^* »jj^ t::^ jjtf 1 o'kcod talu hd- Sit under this tree, 
f At A ashshajarahf 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



DIALOGUES. 95 

ARABIC PARLANCE. PRONUNCIATION. ENOL. EQUIVALENTS. 

JiW >JA ^^ ^^» cam thaman hA- What is the price 

thih al'la-dlif of these pearls ? 

(u^ U) Joftl U ma a^ham (ma How heavy will 

j^ IJA Jij yacoon) thokl this stone be? 

hdtha aWhajaVy 

hji\ s JA ^\ ^JA eish ism hdthih aU What is the name 

'karyahy of this village ? 

u->j^l ^jla». L-*->. i^ '^tiaw arro- Bring the riding 
hooh^ horse. 

«-JB oi^lsJl jjiftil onfod assitdrdt Brush the curtains 
^ (f* ^ cS* ^^^ 'hatta la well, so that no 

(u^) LT^^^ yah'kafiha har^ mosquito may 

gaahy remain. 

c|>-^=uj J< w-^ y«j«^ «» nakoon We ought to be 

[jc^,,^ mo'hsinin, benevolent. 

i<^ ol{^x-tf f^ lutf^ wakac.nafi so 0.0- We have fallen in- 
6^^ ^zimahy to great difficul- 

ties. 
^,.4=^y>l ^ Jii^a ca^Mr me» aZ-wa- Many ships have 
yi\ ^j^ oJk» rdkib ta^a'tta- been damaged 

lat min annow, by the storm. 
(Vi <X ti Sdr^ J* Aozta yashrab fi He every day 
tg^i ojJ^^ coZ/ 3^oww a/- drinks new milk. 

laban a'ttariy 



Digitized by LnOOQ IC 



96 DIALOGUES. 

ARABIC PARLANCE. PRONUNCIATION. BNOL. EQUIVALENTS. 

^ OjCJI a* :yd\ a1/koc.od mae. as- To sit still is bet- 
c])Jl ^J» socoot Shire min ter than quar- 
annizde.f relling. 

^^1 \xjb ^J^^ iThan hdtha aU Grind this wheat 
^J^i 'hamh birraha, in the mill, 

jft ^^ AS^ uJ;jo taQ,rtf wahiloh Do you know who 
man korpa (hoo), is his agent ? 

vyo^J^*^ AJ^^ ishtari li shamca^ Buy two candle- 
ddnine, sticks for me. 

^U^i aI iLLl\ IjA ^(^^Aa (d-ki'tt la- This cat has large 
tK-^ Ao (ZoA) azdfir claws. 
ca&iraA, 

Jl j<-;^sJl ^JA J^ ^Aof A hdiha al- Take away this 
ij;ja^)l\ l^yi\ corsi ila al-ovr chair into the 
'dat glrochraj other room. 

4l^ 5^^ csJ^jVUl ana orik soorah I will shew you a 
jamilah, beautiful picture. 

^ Ai« Jj V djU*l imddk la 'hodd Yom' signature is 
jtell \JA minho (mink) necessary to this 
caZa hdtha al- bond. 

oj^ ^1 al-youm yacoon To-day there is a 
^b 'dififi ddrihom^ guest in their 

house. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



DIALOGUES. 97 

AB^BIO PARLANCE. PKONUNCIATION. ENGL. EQUITALENT8. 

J^ij^jJ^ s4r waShri cathir, It is very late. 
A^ rtL/ O^ ^ ^' ismah lana bi an Permit us to go 
v;uJ\ narooh ila al- home. 

bitCy 
5jLJ ^^Vl \xtt ^ fi hdtha dlramr In this afikir there 
»jfl; 'kasdwah zd- is much cruelty. 

idah, 
3\ijb l^ \u\js 'kodddmana saf- We have at pre- 
rah'tawilahy sent a long jour- 

ney. 
U! Jic 4] ^jLjVI alrinsdn laho ca'AZ Man has reason, a 
^ ^^^^ amwa al-bahi- brute none. 

t_^l53 ^^1 etlUs ^^ minfadlak actini Please give me a 
*--y* Mtdb tousiyahy letter of intro- 

duction. 
jj« c,.* 7<=^T ^V ^t^A tahtob bika- Why do you write 
(J^j tarn radij with a bad pen ? 

' ^^;*y«;^Vl ^;-JiJub 1^1 ^e hdthine ahithr Of these two, 

^^^-^1 nine ahsan, which is the best? 

djJt ^;^• J«^^ j^^ ^^ owct dchoth ask- I will take the 

»U A-Aac]^ shogl min yadak business from 

wa'OQ,'tih iydhy jou and give it 

to him. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



98 DIALOGUES. 

ARABIC PABLANCE. PRONUNCIATION. ENOL. EQUIVALENTS. 

jic dbb Ji csLUS thahdbak ila ho- Your going there 

^ji ndk gvre Uzim^ is not necessary. 

Ij^ ^U^jLi. jft hmca chahir hiU He is well versed 

^ilmjiddan, in science. 

ll> Jlftjft howa ^lim jid- He is very learned. 
dan, 

^j,^ c)>^=^ ^^ hdtha Racoon ah- This will be best 

*-JLl san ahjamte,, of all. 

J^^ U J J» 'kol U ma yakoolf Tell me what he 

is saying. 

^^UUt-ijs ^^jJUil Jj 'kol Ussd-is yo- Tell the groom to 

'had'dir al 'hi- get the horse 

sAuj ready. 

TENTH DIALOGUE. 

-.^1 ^jl jj^i (ftU jJUi ana catkdlik oHd I also wish to go 

an axihrojj out. 

5JJ» Jl Jjbio)) ^JJi leish ta'saad ila Why do you climb 

g^» hdthih ashsha^ this tree ? 
jar^rA, 

jjc 1^^\5 cit^*^ (>• w.a<a tacoon 'kd- When will you be 

jLJ\ dir e,ala assafar, able to depart. 

^jUU ^^ ^j»J\ Ja AaZ assarj e,ala al- Is .the saddle on 

V j\ 'fnsdn ow la, the horse or not ? 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



DIALOGUES. yy 

ARABIC PARLINOB. PRONUNCIATIOK, ENOL. EQUIVALENTS. 

^jSti jjo m^J ^ na'knnafjac.bacd We will return in 

dakdyekf a few minutes. 

l^U tuil ^jl^ ^1 incdnalgadd'hd' If dinner is ready 

(a^) aj jj. dirjibohf bring it. 

^}>'J\ i JA uJ/o Ja ^Z tacrif hdtha Do you know this 

arrajolf man ? 

i«^OW c^ J-a* 'hassal min cU- He has acquired 

cilm cathir, much science. 

2L;> ijj m^ jama^ tharwah He has amassed 

jazilah, much wealth. 

vycSVi j^ Ui. JUJ taodla Shcdlina Come, let us two 

hj^ oj^ nahn od-ithnine have some talk. 
natahaddath 
ihowy-yahy 

j*xw J^j^ uU»» Ja Aa/ 'hudn wd'hid Will one horse be 

JJL» J-ij^ ^ yakdir Mia able to draw so 

1 JA jarr f Ao'^/ mtY/i/ great a weight ? 
A<i^Aa, 

^^ ^j^ oJl j»ji> takaddam anta You go on, we are 

nakn naji, coming. 

^^ oU oUlU sjj» hathih cdr'hajdt These things are 

Irjl J<ia< min orobba, comefromEurope 

AlJi)\ sjA ^^a£ ^ji\ eine na'k'di hdtkih Where shall we 

al'lylah, pass the night ? 
h2 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



100 DIALOGUES. 

ARABIC PARLANCE. FBONTNCIATIOH. ENOL. EQUITALENTS. 

oS^ ^Ji\ IjjJLfi U ma cindana al-dn We have no time to 

\_ ^ wakt lillieby play at present 

^ji-J^ ^l* Jk. J tf>.l a'hrak rigloh hiU He has scalded 

md assoShfiy his foot 

\^ t?L^s»\CJi si* hdthih assakdkin All these knives 

^^X* coUoha 'soda, are msty. 

^^^i^ ^VjVi ^jJ^ hd-ould aUauldd These children are 

LJ\ vl^ yo'8arri6ho 'tool screammg all 

annahdr, day. 

\ JA ^^ J^ li^s. conwa nofattisk We were seeking 

^1^1 J^ ca/a Aei^^a 'fooZ for this all day. 
annahdr, 

dbjiSC eu<o. Ja AaZ Skatamt mak- Have you sealed 

^oo&aA, yonr letter? 

^^\j Jlk* U:LJt biteana mozallal Our house is 

biskshajar, shaded with trees. 

j^.b UJii. jW Jl? oammal tanitor It is raining, give 

(s) Juc Shallina niUdwa us shelter. 
e.indakf 

v-fl5. (^bb 3^ *I« takaddam Ua ho- Go forward there, 

n^A wor'kify and stand still. 

^ oU\il 8 jjb ^j^\ achrij hdthih aU Bring out these 

j^x-Jl 7<^j^< mm as- things from the 

snndmk^ box. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



DIALOGUES. 101 

.^U.BIC PARIilNCS. PBONUNCIATION. ENGL. BQUIVALBNTS. 

JUIli Jl^au tacaUambU^li 'hi- Speak loud, then 
dlxfiwl natthin dsmaaak, I shall hear you. 

^->^l* ^^ ^\ ^1 eish ism di hiloar What do you call 
rahiy that in Arabic ? 

i;ll \jA ^yaSj tvdfakani hdthih He agreed with 
al 7narrah, me this time. 

itS^ ^5 dUflS t-^ todarrib nafsakfi You exercise your- 
iT^l^ alrkit&hah waL self in writing 
'kird-akf and reading. 

^;vii \ JA ^U«* XP p^ samAoihom On hearing this 

i-^ j^ J-oA A^^^a aZ chahar news they were 

jjjj^ Aa'W lakom much frightened. 

roeb shadid, 

jj^',-J\ \jjt amj S cam yasac. hdtha How much indigo 
(J^l)JLJi^ as^sandoo'k min will this chest 
antitly contain ? 

^^^ ^ Ijklial ^JT collohom igtdzoo They are all of- 
^jo»> min baa, 'dihom fended with one 
bae!dy another. 

jjJl jj ^JM \jyd najouna min yad We have escaped 
al'GodoOy from the hand 

cui;fr \ib^\i I:j jJll al-madinak bias^ of the enemy. 

ULIi ri^a gari'kat The whole city has 

bil mAy been flooded. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



102 



DIALOGUES. 



ARABIC PARLANCE. 
Ua^ ^1^ li^ 



PRONUNCIATION. 

hihdthapazdddfa' 

rahna, 
'kallana masroch 

fana lilgd-yahy 






hdtkih addardhim 
Idzim annaha 
tarjap. ilyhy 
V^ f ^j^Ji*^ safttir wara'kak 
thomma octob, 

aUkoum collohom 
mdtoo min aU 



^ lyU ^ p^l 



^1 JpU, ^^ llj j^ 



akac, 
pola haefdf 



toakaa bacfdohom 



yaeishoon ^iesk 

nahidy 
bana bite eala 

shd'ti annakr, 



ENGL. EQUIYAUBlJp. 

With this our joy 
will be increased. 

We have much re- 
duced our ex- 
penditure. 

This money must 
be sent back to 
him. 

Rule your paper, 
then write. 

All the people 
have died with 
hunger. 

They have fallen 
one upon ano- 
ther. 

They live in great 
affliction. 

He has built a 

house on the bank 

of the river. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



DIALOGUES. 103 

ELEVENTH DLA.LOGUE, 
ASABIC PARLANCE. PAOKUNCIATION. ENGL. EQUIVALENTS. 

U^ft ^jJ c->^ Ajjft p«^ WW nahroh Why should we 

^^ lise hahona (ma run away ? there 

jf?A Aona) cAo- is no danger here. 

tbjutfl ^ Aa;ar asdtkdh, He has abandoned 

his friends. 
^3/Vl ^ib Ji l|^U» sdroo ila bildd aU They went to Eu- 
j^\ iLa ^jj^ ifranj min sittat rope six months 

ashhoVy ^go* 

^jM\jiJ6 ^^\^»t» x^ G,ind samdoihoni On hearing a state- 
\jj^ J--f-5Jl y^ takrir min lid' ment of this sort 

^j^^Ctf^i tha aU'kdbU sd- they began to 

TOO ya'd'hahooj laugh. 
LjJ luJjJ ^3 v-«i taexbji taclimina He has taught us 
Ukp teca& caztm, with great la- 

bour. 
i>\j ^\ ip^ Ijjft^ wajadna bira'k" By the grace of 
mat allah ra- God we have 
hahy found repose, 

^i J«^ (^^ r»jJI alyoum m^gyoum It is very cloudy, 
J;j:J2A*^ fa-yahtamilarir' perhaps it will 

naha tarn' tor car rain much. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



104 DIALOGUES. 

JL&ABIC PABLANOE. PBONUHOIATION. BNOL. EQUIYALBNIB. 

AS^j is.^Jij^\ t^jfji hdthih adddr In this house there 
(ut^O ^jsi 'hd^ah wa tha- is a hall and 

Idthat hoyout three rooms. 
(jowad), • 
Ijjk utUli A^9 juL^ month cam halor How long is it 
j^ gak hdtha aU since yoa re- 

6hahar, ceived this news ? 

j^jujJ IJA «-J j^ bikam tabic, hdtha For how much will 
li sidif you sell this to 

my master ? 
«j^ J*, bb j>l «6'^ hona 'hatta Remain here un- 
narjac, til we return. 

f^Si ^^ ij^\ ^j toa'kae, assihhin The knife fell from 
^1 A min yadi ji an- mj hand into 

nahr, the river. 

jSSb V (jji\ j^jLiVl a1rimdnaUathi(Jl' A man who can- 
^jll^lixbJ^ ^) ^ ya'kdir not speak the lan- 

c^ jj j^. JCj yatacaUam hU guage of the peo- 

J^ c^ .^^^ aUhoum pie among whom 

aUathin yaskon he sojourns may 
bynahom 'had sometimes be in 
yamoot min aU danger of starr- 
joo^, ing. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



DIALOaUES. 105 

AEABIC PARLANCE. PBONUNOIATION. ENGL. EQUZYALENTS. 

jjkflll^^ hadSir al-fo'toor, Get the breakfast 

ready. 

^j Jf^ Hr* J^' **^"^ showhy-yat Toast some bread, 

»jjj aJc (ka.) cAoftar M7a 'Ao'« and butter it. 
e,alieh zohdahy 

^^UIJa halalmdyagli, Does the water 

boil? 

t^li ^;)\ii* Aft.!^ kcl ac'^i alrchawdjah Give the gentle- 

^1 Jinjdn shdy d- man another cup 

char, of tea. 

ila^sJU ^^ U-f I ac miloh 'kawi hiU Make it strong 

A-^ cu«-i>j Ulj kifdyahwaitha enough^ and put- 

J^^j^^^ V^ iva'dact fih ha- ting in it plenty 

c-A-J* UJl^ ^is libkathirwasok" ofmilk and sugar 

Hi ^JJJ^^ <^^:^. har yaji ddiman you will always 

^^ '^y-i& hi'hithe make it good, pro- 

yacoon alrmd vided4he water be 

yaglty actually boiling. 

h^h l^ J^{^^ actinijlnjdn 'kah- Give me a cup of 

jjUi^^ wah worslKhwhy* coffee, and a lit- 

yat sokkarcamdriy tie more sugar. 

V ^^^«)^ (j«-* (jL-l w/e'A fti^cfo wa Idkin Boil some eggs, 

jj»j-i juls? ^ tochaUih ye^ but do not let 

.^^*> them get hard. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



106 DIALOGUES. 

ARABIC PARLANCE. PBONUKCIATIOH. VNOL. EQUITALBKn. 

olijJLa^ jf^ c^U kdt Shobz waholr Bring bread^sweet- 

dU$^ wiydt wahaok, meats, and cakes. 

j^\ U^3luJ^ool anta (ant) taorif You know I can- 

J^c. ^j* ^5U» L^l anni ma a'kdir not drink tea 

c-JL ashrah shdy min without cream. 
give 'halihj 

cr* O^ ^i) j^ ahchohz radi mal- The bread is bad, 

J-o^l dn min arraml, and full of sand. 

I jjb A> J^ (jj^\ ULl alma allathi inpU" The water with 

jiii J^^ {j^\ mamal hih ha- which this tea 

tha a^hshdy ma is made has not 

cdn yaglij been boiling. 

\o\ ^ a) U Toa loh 'tac,m as- It has no taste at 

Ian, all. 

\s^\ j.a^^ JlW) Ji 'kollittabhdShyo- Tell the cook to 

iilWl icUi ^3 'kaddir al gada have the dinner 

^ assd^ah ath- ready at three 

thdlithahf o'clock. 

^U Ijsdl i^JuimIji yd-sidialgada'hd- Sir, dinner is 

'AV, ready. 

L^ hjj;ii\ ^J^ aine ashskourabah Where is the soup, 

hjjli\ wa-mil^'kat and the soup 

ashshourdbak, spoon ? 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



I DIALOGUES. 107 

ARABIC PABLANOE. PB0NUN0IAT10N. ENGL. EQUITALENT8. 

(jl^ Mj-^ S^jjfc' jib showyyat aiesh Bring some breads 
^) V*^ LT^^j wa-hatdtis wO' potatoes^ greens, 
uJjaIII^ ^^yS^\ ch&drah zy aU asparagus, cab- 
cuA.1 llj la-J^lj halyoonwalmalr bage, canliflow- 
j^jj^j foofwal'kama' ers, turnips, car- 
it'^ wal'lift waJr rots, and cucum- 
jazar vraUchi- bers. 

d^^ ^ (^ V^ i*^ Za'^m hakar Bring some beef, 

^1^ dli-^ JsP^ wa 'ddn wa^cigl mutton, veal, 

9.U^ wa-samak wa" fish, fowl, and 

JiraSh wa-dajdj, venison. 

e-to^i J^ (^J^ Ijc ^ae2a natagoddaji To-morrow we 

(3 ^ JT ki^l arrifibpxith coll shall dine in the 

A3j «%^ wafktoh, country : send 

every thing in 
time. 

^J\ ^^sOS^^^iiQ ^jVI aZ^n yomkinkom Now you may all 

^jSl jXt* ijfllkJ coUokom an tarir depart, you have 

'taWhoOy maGr leave. 
horn ithn, 

I jjb ^1 J j; 'AtoZ U ism kdtka Tell me the name 

bilogatkom, ^ of this in your 
own language. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



^. 



108 DIALOGUES. 

▲RABIO PARLANCE. PBONITKCIATION. ENGL. EQUIYALSKTS. 

(^jJl Jb».V J-oi V la takol liahad Do not tell any one 

^j^ (&U ^bJLi allathi 'koltoh what I said to 

xj^\ ctDS lak bicfiosoos you about that 

thdlik al kitdbf book, 

bb ^ a1 Ji 'AroZ lok yaji kona, Bid him oome 

here. 

j^\t^^ jjl J ^ 'AoZ lok tnnoh Shor Tell him he is a 

hith kahiVy great rogue, 

^ji% daJji Jl ^3 j». Shotkni ila al-Sha^ Take me to Mr. B. 

wdjahfoldn, 

ij>Joi\ ^J^ CU4* ojl anf nzA^ ^an alttor You have lost the 

AiJ (J^ ^'^ ^^ hytohy road to his house? 

\ii JW^ (jtf^ ^ U wia map fohos I have no cash 

dL^ j^lJ ^^^ixJ waldkinithator about me^ but if 

jfcj (3 bi^tani tachoth you will follow 

foloosakji bytij me you will re- 
ceive your mo- 
ney at my house, 

bUb J^ Ja Aa/ tatacallam bU Do you speak our 

IMninay language ? 

Jd Ul (5J^s««*ljt ^ napam yd'Sidi ana Yes, Sir, I can 

^ i<i/^^ a^ocoZZam &i^ speak a little 

^arabi 'kalil, Arabic. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



DIALOGUES. 109 

▲&ABIC PARLAKCS. PRONUNCIATION. ENGL. EQUIYALENTS. 

>jjb f^ di) ^1 Ji 'kad aishlakfi hd" How long have 

^iUl thih al-bildd, you been in this 

country ? 

vytftW ♦ c;ci-# sanatine, ^minef Two years, 

UbI (5XP v*^.^gt>l omcoth pindi ey^ Abide with me a 

jU ydm 'kalilahy few days. 
{cam youm)y 

icJ&fr duUI 8X£ Gindohahliyahaa." He possesses great 

ztmahf ability. 

j^\5 Ja-;^ ^0M7a rq;oZ 'AMtV, He is an able man. 

J«f ^1© i;Ji» (StU lak ma'kdarah ca- Are you able to do 

i JJb ^^cZ Mf^a, this ? 

i^Jt^ft LJ\fi c:>;^^ con^ ^^i7> Q.asha" I have been absent 

j»y ra^ ey-ydmy ten days. 

J«5 «--^ ^)1 v-*s5 yo/tJ an natajan- We ought to ab- 

^\ nab Jipl ash" stain from com- 

sharr, mitting evil. 

cj\3 \JSjb ^5l^sJl aUkaldm hdkatha It is absurd to 

(JjiAl ju>) fdrigh ('diddal- speak thus. 
mac!kooV)y 

ft)L^ U ^ Jl^ c'AofA '^acZr ma Take as much as 

j^ ijXA yoojibak cindi you please, I have 

cathir, abundance. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



110 DIALOGUES. 

ASJlBIO parlance. pronunciation. ENGL. BQUIYALEKT8. 

owi»;C W o-^ ^JJ^ hcU raUlt hima ca- Do you accede to 

V^l (sUft ra'dt ealike oue what I have pro- 

lUf posed, or not ? 

oJbu tJJJl i-»U^sJ^ cJrkitdh aUathiha- The book you sent 

J^l jU. J ca^A^ K 'Mar a^ me was accep- 

'kaboolf table. 

rJJ^ V ijijy J c)^ *^ ^^ tordfi'kni Except you ac- 

la aroo'hy company m^, I 
will not go. 

(J=l) iljl y^ o^U ma 'hadart an ab- 1 was not able to 

{S^]j» hgh (otammim) accomplish my 

morddi, wishes. 

c^Li>. Aiu dJJ£ ^)» Jial eindak maooh Have you an ac- 

%isdbf count with him ? 

^jjM a3I jJc 1^2^^ oshtoki oalihe anr He is accused of 

aW 'm?^ sara'h m<h robbing his mas- 

callimoh, ter. 

iT^l (Jft dLii ^Jc cawidnafsakcala Accustom yourself 

il:^!^ al'kird-aJi waU to read and write. 
kitdhahj 

lj> la«U l^\ sjjb hdthih al/dkikah This fruit is very 

hdmidahjiddan, acid, 

irp uJ^Uft sjuc cindoh ma^rif He has many ac- 

cathirah, quaintances. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



DIALOGUES. Ill 

ARABIC PABIANOS. PBONVNOIATION. ENOL. EQUIYALENTf . 

aL;». uJ;Ijm jJ[i^ 'haisal ma^rif He has acquired 

jazilahy great knowledge. 

jiSsf^ «-*iaH J w-aJl al-Jicl a'tty^ibja- A good action de- 

U*Udb dir biththand serves our praise. 

minnUf 

(&U j j3 Iju*. Jc^ jifc Ao mqjidd jiddan He is exceedinglj 

(JiJlJl)^VI Ji thdlik ahamr active in that 

(ashshogl), business* 

^sS^f o^j^ zddat jamkiyatoh, He has received 

an addition to 
his salary. 
c-A^ fci. I JA A4<Aa dAa'f< yoc- This is admirable 
jib, writing. 

^jyj *!• Lj-^' atacajjab mink lU I admire him for 
wofoor cilmohy his great learn- 
ing. 
JjftJ Iv JLiI V la osallim bima I do not admit of 
tafkool, what you say. 

iJUll Ma ^jiLo jJU ta'kdir toslifni hd» Can you advance 
tha al'tnablagh, me this sum ? 

Jl^j»j5JjjJl alrMdoo takadr The enemy has 

c2am 'hatta Ua — advanced as far 
as 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



112 DIALOGUES. 

ARABIC PABLANOX. PBONimOIATIOH. INOL. EQ1TITAI.EKT8. 

c^ (J Oj^ ^^ (J^ eye/dulahyacoon Of what advao- 
\JM li min hdtha, tage will that be 

to me? 
(i JiA* O^ W j^ «^^ ^^^^ zamdn She has long been 

jjjjl 'tatoilfi aSUtkf m adversity. 

^^ (dba*-*^) db.1^ U ma rAyak (ruxr What is your ad- 
^Vl I jjb ithatak) fi hdr vice in this af- 

tka al-amvy fair ? 

\sjy^jic>\ Ji cJSj takaUaf li-an az- He aflTected a great 
\j^^==^ harmaeroofka" show of kind- 
thir, ness. 

♦ 5l\i) yj* loflll 1 JJb kdthih aWhissah This history is af- 
(l^\i moaththirah(faG' fecting. 
edlahy })dligah\ 
ili^ 8^ ^\:^jiai yozhir linnds ma- He shows great af- 
waddahjazUah, fection for the 
people. 
A>jJ^ ^J^ «-JU1 l5l awa athdfmin aU I am afraid to go 
dUft ^1 tawajjoh Ua ho- there. 

h.1 ^J\ Jjt^l U ma oHc? an ajba- I do not wish to 
(alJ\) hoh (aksi/oh), aflfront him. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



DIALOGUES. 113 

ABABIO PARLANCE. FR0NX7NCIATI0N. BNOL. EQUIYALBNTS. 

^ ^\ jft U l^ sinnaha md ho ah' Her age is not 

{jc»nj^ thar min cashr more than ten 

sinin, years. 

J* c^ *^ u-i/J tacrif sheUhoh Do you know who 

man ho, is hiis tutor? 

J^ U ^ (sIimIjI owdfi'hak cola md I agree to what 

tahooty you say. 

tth-^ c;^ (j^ ci^ ^^ittifd'hcAnhy' What agreement 

ju^ na^ worbynoh, had you with 

him? 

J^l (JiJj)^KJJ («l eye tagyeer (tab' What alteration 

Ml) acmal, shall I make ? 

Ijjb ^^ ( J-J?) -^ T * talahha (tasalla) Amuse yourself a 

5U5 jjli-Jl ^ ^<ii^Aa aZ bos- while in the gar- 

tdn 'halil, den. 

; i> v5 *-i-iJ^ »J^-» M^AiA madiTkih This is an ancient 

(ii-sc) 'hadimah (ca- city. 

1 jj» elLub Jft AaZ yog'dtbah hd- Does this make 
<Aa, you angry? 

^jJl 1 jj» a>m1 uJ;» tacrif ism hdtha Do you know this 
dWhayawdny animal's name ? 

I 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



114 DIALOGUES. 

A&ABIO PABLAHCE. FBOKUMCIATIOV. ENGL. SQUITALENT8. 

5 jj^ 1^1^ ^jAuoj^jS ta'kdir toatini Can you give me 
JULJLl jawdb hdthih an answer to this 

almas-alah, question ? 

u^^l ^ (jfi (Ji\j\ anaji 'kalak 'hat- I am anxious to 
dbb Jl ta athhab ila get there. 

hondk, 
iJjL ^^ .iicl U wia ictathar can He made no apo- 
solokoh, logy for his mis- 

conduct. 
L^j^ 4J\ Aj^ yathhar li annoh It appears to me 
garihf very strange. 

Jy 1 U Cj^^^ioL-J Jto AaZ tastaswib ma Do you approve of 
akoolf what I say ? 

dby J5V^ ^ji yourid daldil 'ka- He uses very 
tviyahy strong argu- 

ments. 
A^ Ji) u>s<u> Jto /wi/ samici hi'kO" Have you heard of 
doo'mohy his arrival ? 

(J-!; v|^ J^ csUll aUmalik cdn cola The king was at 
A^ rdsjyshoh, the head of his 

army, 
^Jii\ (ftU j> iH». J U wui Z» Shibrah bi' I am not acquaint. 
thdlik cdrfann, ed with that art. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



DIALOGUES. 115 

ARABIC PARLANCE. PROHUNCIATIOIT. EH6L. XauITALEKTS. 

^^jjjli^ ^ horn mo'htdloon, They are very art- 
ful. 
aaIsj^ ULoI ^^jLlao yata^'toon aindf They deal in va- 

moihtalifahy rious articles. 

Jl jtlkj ^;;VI Ui. ShaUinacd-dnnaU Let us now ascend 
jJLl Zac «7a aljabal, the mountain. 

}^]K«<ft.1 ii^l Jtol oAZ al/kar-yah ij- The people of the 
tamaaoOy village assem- 

bled. 
^j» l^ icX^ csajI^ Ta£yt (shoft) ja- I saw a great as- 
^Ul mdcxih cxizimah sembly of peo- 

min annds, pie. 

(sLi. jir \z A^ 'habUt hi-macroO' I assent to your 

'dahj proposal. 

ftU jS^Ai^ ^\ ^ap«wi anTioA ca- He asserted that 
thdlikf it is so. 

t-V i«« jcLi ^;1 c--^ yojib an nosdaid We ought to assist 

U«9 haofdna bac^'dan, each other. 
.J^Vl i^l^W UU limdtha tocdshir Why do you asso- 
arrifcah aUash" ciate with evil 
rdvy company? 

;3 u^ *^^ ^ <3"^' o'Aa'^Ai'A feA an- I assure you there 
jk>.^Vl ijjb noA luefihdtha is no danger in 

aUamr Ska tar, that matter. 
i2 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



116 

ARABIC PARLANOB. 



DIALOGUES. 
PROmTNCIATION. ENOL. EQUIVALENTS. 



\jj^^jSai\ a)L». 6hiydlat alr^adou The enemy's ca- 

iktahamounuy valry attacked us. 

^J {^ V^!^ ^ challina nowdthib Let us attend to 

cala/ar'dinaf our duties. 

JUll ^ AflCL* Jb /tia mon^hifah She pays attention 

Gala al^ibiHf to learning. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



( 117 ) 



VOCABULARY. 



V. stands for verb. 

s substantive. 

pr pronounced. 



A. 

Ability, j^ji* ♦ Ac\ku»l ma'k- 

darahy isti'ta^h 
Able,^^U 'kddir 
Above, ^j^fouk 
Absence, i^Lc giydb 
Absent, ^JU ffdib 
Absurd, Jl^ ♦ ji^K^ mohdlf 

gair al'haWk 
Abundance, ip cathrah 
Accept, JjJ Sdbool 
Accommodate, J^f^ tyseer 
Accomplbh, ^\ itmdm 
Accustomed, SyS ta^ou-ad 
Acid, ^joaU hdmtd 
Acquaintance, asj^ ^naari- 

fah 



Acquainted, i uJ,lc ♦jjfi> jfia* 
^rify motallic, oala 

Action, y^fif-l 

Active, J^ ♦ Is^ camool, 
mogidd 

Add, V. u-iUI a'ddf 

Admirable, ^^ ♦ ^j mo- 



Advantage, tj^fdidah 
Advantageous, j-io * «i\3 mo- 

feed, ndfio. 
Advice, i-s*^ na'sihah 
Advise (to give notice),^U.l 

iihbdr 
AflPection, 5^ mawaddah 
AflPectionate, ^^j wadood 
Afraid (to be), cJS\> Shdif 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



118 VOCABULARY. 

Again, dJji^* Uil cathdlik, 

ey'dan 
Againgt, ^*x^ e,ala,'didd 
Age, ^jM *jf' sinriy aomr 
Agree, j^l ittafak 
Agreeable, ^ ^ 7.:.« ♦ ^^jlj* 

moshtaha, mowdfi'k 
Agreement, L^ 5^a/^ 
Aid, tjcL^ mos&aadah 
Air, 1^ Aaic^ 
Alive, j>. 'Aye 
Allow (to let), jjUl ♦ ^pl y ^ 

thah, ithn 
Alter (to), ^ gyeyar 
Amuse, lu ♦ ^J-J taloMa, 

tasalld 
Amusement, ^ lahow 
Ancient (old), jCJlJ ♦ ^j-sc 

'kadeerrif ejateek 
Answer, v. %^j^jdwdb 
Answer, s, ^\^jawdb 
Anxious, ^jli 'halik 
Approve, v. y^yc^ista'swab 



Arise, j»\5 Mm 
Army,^^<*»c cmkar 



Arrival, Jj^j ♦ ^^^jS wo'sool, 

Sodoom 
Art (trade), ax1« * isj^ sati' 

cxihf 'hirfah 
Artful, \^J^ * jbb mo- 

'hdrif, ddhi 
Ask, V. JLi sa^al 
Assemble, v. M-jamae, 
Assbt, ^;lcl aordn 
Assure, v, x^\ accad 
Astonish, v» w-^ ^jjdb 
Attack, V, ^ hajam 
Attention, i\^\ * ^ja\/^\ in' 

tibdh, ihtirds 
Attentive, a^si* montaMk 
Authority, iaL» * ^J^aL* soU 

'tahf sol'tdn 
Avoid, V. u-^ tajannob 
Awake, v. k&jLyitl isty'kaz 

B. 

Back, j^ zahr 
Bad, ^^j radi 
Bag, ^jisS^hees 
Baggage, JlsJl ath6dl 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



YOCABULART. 



119 



Bargain, ^L^ * h^ mosd- 

wamahy sharyah 
Barrel, J^ harmeel 
Barley, j^aut shaeir 
Basket, J-J^ zanheel 
Beard, iX^ lihyah 
Beautiful, ^^^jameel 
Before, J-5 ♦ Jji Sabl, awwal 
Begin, v. Ijj^l ibtada 
Beginning, *jj ♦'Usjl ibtida, 

bacU 
* Believe, t?. ja-* sadda'k 
Beyond, Ajj ward 
Big, J^ 'daihm 
Bird, j^ 'tyre 
Bite, (jdfi Gjadd 
Bitter, j^ morr 
Blame, v, ^V « ^,j Idnty 

wdbha£k 
Bleed, ^^1 adma 
Blessing, 2^. baracah 
Blossom (flower), jj5 nour; 

Blow, S^ 'darhah 
Body, ^^^*x^jism,ja8ad 



Bold, 



Bolt, 
Book, 



If jj000^ jasoor 
'^ 'ddbh 
JtSoolc, c->l:^At<<t6 
Bookseller, v^^Jjl «5l> 6^ie 

Borrow, jUl-^ istacdr 
Bottle, iu^ ^AtTiiiiitaA 
Bottom,^ 'kaor 
Bough, ^far^ 
Bought) (J£a1« moshtara 
Bow, ^j^y Aou^ 
Box, (3jJu«0 ^sandoo'k 
Branch, ^^^ » c^ go'sn^farc. 
Brass, ^j^W nahds 
Brave, ^i^j^jo^rie 
Bread, j^ » ^jl^ Mo&^r, 



cishe 

Breadth, j_^ card 
Break, v.jj^casar 
Breath, ^jjo nafas 
Brick, ^1 djorr ' 
Bride, \j^^^ oaroos 
Bridegroom, [j^jfi- * i^j^ 

^roos, Mris 
Bridle, J^ lijdm 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



120 



VOCABULARY. 



Bright, f^ bahi 

w * 

'Bring, imp. j,o^\ * oU ah- 
'dir, hat 

o ' 

Brought, ^^1 o'h'dir 
Brush, ^J for shah 
Build, jXj tana 
Bum, V. a, and i?. n. j/^^^ 

Busy, J^ii^ mashgool 
Buy, V. j^>iil ishtara 

C 

Cabbage, i-.*ip ♦ u-i^ co- 
rona, maZ/bo/* 

Cable, J-a. 'habl 

Cage, jjflM ^a/a'« 

Cake, (s^k*ak 

Calf, JsP ^i;7 

Calm (of the sea), jjL sdkin 

Camel, ^jamal 

Camp, jC«.dc« mopascar 

Candle, *j^ shame, 

Captain, ^,lliJ ^kaptdn 

Care, ijUc ♦ ^UaI einAyahy 
ihtimdm 



Careful, ^j^^ ♦ ^ 'Aari'i, 

mohtamm 
Carpenter, jUs najjdr 
Carpet, s^l^ sajjddah 
Carry, J^ 'hamal 
Cash, jii na'M 
Cask, J*^ harmil 
Catch, «. i-a.1 *^ji2^n&kthj 

kah'd 
Cause, c-A^M» «a&a& 
Cautious, j^^ mofktaria 
Celebrated, j^^^JL* mashkoor 
Certain, j5s:» rri&hcukha'k 
Chain, s, i^JL» salsalah 
Chair, ^^corsi 
Change^ v. Jjj 2>a^aZ 
Charge (to order), ^ura'Ma 
Cheap, ^jo^j raid's 
Cheat, V. ^ji^ gashsh 
Chicken, 9:^jf(iTro(^ 
Child, jJ^ tt'aZo^ 
Choose, v,jcS^ ithtdr 
Circle, i^i^ ddirah 
Circumstance, JU. 'hdl 
City, l:jjU madinah 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



VOCABULARY. 



121 



Civil (polite), i->5Ll* mo- 

iaaddih 
Clean, s^Jl^ nazif 
Clever, ^Li ^3 jW shd'tirj 

'hdthik 
Climb, UJ^I irti6d 
Clock, AcU sdcxih 
Clothe, v.\S * jji^l ca^a, 

Cloud vls^ sa'hdh 
Coach, ^^* ^J^ carroo' 

sahf Garahayah 
Coast, Js>.U sd/hil 
Cold, ^ hard 
Colour, y^ loune 
Comb, kl« mosh't 
Come, tmp. JUJ tacdla 
Comfort, i^l^ » \jb rahah^ 

hand 
Commence, Ijuil ibtada 
Commerce,^^ matjar 
Common, c^aI* » ^;j^ mo«A~ 

tarak, doon 
Communicate (inform), v, 

Jbl acalam 



Companion, ^j rqfi'k 
Company, s, l^^ts^jam^ii/ah 
Compare, v, ^\* 6dyas 
Compass, ^K-j bicdr 
Compassion, 2Jul1» shafakah 
Compel, V. ^J\ *^^^ alzam, 

ahwaj 
Competent, j^t *ji^ Sddij*, 
. jadir 

Complain, /xlS tashakka 
Complete, J-^JS^ takmeel 
Comply, (consent), v. v Jf* * 

^j 'cdbily ra'di ^ 
Comprehend, ^fahim 
Conceal, v. a. ^\ * ^aSk- 

fUf catam 
Conclude (finish), ^ tha- 

tarn 
Conclusion, ^li^ Shitdm 
Condemn, o^l* SL 'hacam 

hit mout 
Condition, t^ ♦ JU. shar^t, 

'hdl 
Conduct (on the road), v. 

•li ♦ jjj shy-ya^y wa^ssal 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



122 



VOCABULARY. 



Confess, ^1^1 ikrdr 
Confidence,Aij»^jUil thi'kah, 

itimdn 
Conquer,^ ♦ vJic 'kahar, 

galab 
Conquered, tj^Ji^ maglooh 
Consent, v. ^©. radi 
Consent, s. ^j rida 
Consequence (in), i^ nati- 

jah 
Consider, jy;£i\ * jllj i^tw 

bavy ta-ammal 
Consult^jU. sh&war 
Contain, v. JSv^l ishtamal 
Contented, ^\j * «jt rd'di, 

'kdnio, 
Continue, t?.jj«g*»l istamarr 
Contrary, u-iiU. childf 
Contrive, ^^\j^l irt(i-d 
Convenient, c-*-L» ♦ iiU 

mondstbf moldim 
Conversation, iJUlif ftioShA- 

'tdbah 
Convey, J£ no^Z 
Cook, ^LL '^aJJi^A 



Cool, ^>t, ra1f& 
Cord, ^ "habl 
Cork, i^lj^ sidddah 
Corn, ^ » Aliw 'kam'h, 'ha- 

"tdni 
Cost, ^^ thaman 
Cotton, ^jL* co'^n 
Cough, JIju^ soc^Z 
Count, V. jc » c,«.wflw poddj 

'hasah 
Country, ^5L ♦ uJj, ftiMJ, 

Courage, iT^^'ar^i-aA 
Credit (at), ^^j rfin« ' 

Crooked, -jcl ac tra; 
Crowd, j»U^ zi'hdm 
Cry, t?. j^ 'saraih 
Cultivate, v. (the ground) 

k1>^ 'harath 
Cunning, j^ makkdr 
Cup, -j5 ♦ ^Jl:i• 'kada% 

finjdn 
Cure, ^5jb cMu^a 
Curious, t-*2?^ P^'«^ 
Curtain, s^Iim> sitdrah 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



VOCABULARY. 



123 



D 



Damp^^Jo^ ♦^^ji ra'thftiadi 
Dance, v* ^j raccLs 
Dare, v.jJ^ tajdsar 
Darkness, JHo zaldm 
Daughter, cui> bint 
Day, ^1^3 nahdr 
Dear (not cheap), ^}\jigazdl 
Debt, ^J>J dine 
Deceive, v. cji. Shadac, 
Decide, ^^jazam 

Dela7,^l> tdSkir 
Delightful, JL » ^Ju sdrr, 

mofarri'h 
Delighted, jjj^^M,^ masroor 
Deliver, aLJ taslim 
Demand, v. (.JIL 'talah 
Deny, v.J&\ incdr 
Depend, <-> jLj « (J^ *-^^ 

iaGaUahy tawak'kaf 
Deprive, ^^^.^ haram 
Description, c-i^ wa'saf 
Deserve, j^**** mostahi'k'k 
Desire, i-c^ raghah 



Desirous, ^\j rdgib 
Despair, ^jjj ya-is 
Despise, v.Jc>\ %hta6ar 
Destroy,^^ » diUl dammar, 

aJilak 
Detain, jjc ♦ ^j«^ ♦ (SJL*! 

aou-wakj 'habasy amsak 
Determine, v. y^jazam 
Diamond, ^jaU*(j-UI mds. 



Difference, ^^ » s^^^fark, 

child/ 
Different, uJlU^ moihdlif 
Difficult, u^jbitf 'saeh 
Difficulty, hyua 'sooouhah 
Dig,^;fla» 'hafar 
Diligent, «• j^:<* mcjtaJiid 
Dine, 2;. ^^jju tagadda 
Dinner, Ijc gadd 
Dirty, >-j woMch 
Disagreeable, tj^ makrooh 
Discontented, td>]j ^ 9^^^ 

rd'di 
Discourse, i^liift. * <*hiJu» 

'chttdb, 'hadith 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



124 



VOCABULARY. 



Discretion, j^ ♦ sJ^j tarn- 

yeeZf roshd 
Disbes, oj^* uJl^ 'so'hoonj 

'siMf 
Dishonesty \:^\jKe. give amin 
Dislike, s. ^^carih 
Dismiss, v. c-i^ * J*,ft 'sarafj 

cazal 
Disobey, ^j^ ca'sa 
Displease, klicl igtdz 
Dispose (of), ^ uJJ^ tas" 

'sarffi 
Dispute, X). ^ci^jddal 

9 

Distance, jju hoo.d 
Distinguisb, jru my-yaz 
Distress, \Sfcarb 
Do, V. ^facal 
Doctor, i-*--l> 'icibih 

Doubtful, L-0;-» ♦ (j«i ■ 7 1 • 

iworCfe, moltabis 
Draw, V. JJa. * 1-*^ ^'arr. 

Dress, i?. a. Lo * ,j-JI Cflwa, 

Dressing, ,jJU woZftis 



Drive (out of a country), «. 

y^ ftarad 
Drink, v, i^^ sharih 
Drop, 8, aIoaS fwktah 
Drum, J-t 'table 
Dry, v-aJ;»U ndshif 
Duck, ^. hattah 
Duty, ^j^ ♦ «-*>|^ fard^ 

wdjib 
Dwell, ^jC* sacan 

E. 

Ear, ^;il o^Aw, ozn 
Earn, «?. L^A^ycasab 
Earnest, ^jidd 
Eartb, ^j\ ar'd 
'E^TthenwaTe^J^fac'hc'hdr 
Easy, J^ «aAZ 
Eat, V. Jil acaZ 
Edge (of a sword), j^. 'Ao^ 
Education, 3Lj^ tarbiyah 
Effect (trace),^! a^Aar 
Egg, juIj by'dah 
Elegant. uJ^ ^ra/^ 
Eloquence, 'i^\^fa8A'hdk 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



VOCABULARY. 



125 



Empire, IjaL* saVianah 
Employ (make use of), v, 

J*«:l-1 istacmal 
Employment, ^idfl5-»i istick- 

ddm 
Empty, ^fdrigh 
Encourage, v. mt* ♦ t-*l^ 

shajjap.j raggdb 
Endeavour, r. JjU ♦ j^l 

'h&wcdy ijtakad 
Enemy, J j^ Hidoo 
Engagement, ]o\Jj\ irtibd/t 
England, »;dS3l Inkilterrah 
Entirely, 2J^\t bil coUiyah 
Equal, t5jL^ mosdwi 
Error, y^ gala't 
Escape, v. l^ * vijisi naja, 

aflat 
Establish, oJ * Liil ihdbbat, 

ansha 
Estate, (s)5L.I *^Uft amitiA, 

Eternal, ^s^\ oibadee 
EvenTas), Jj*jS». bal/hatta 
Eyening^ L** mo^^ 



Event, 69S^^ wd'hicah 
Evidence, i^Uj:. shahddah 
Evil, j«- *yi» sooy skarr 
Europe, Ij^l ourobba 
Exact, )e>y^ * Jj^ ma'd^ 

boo't, mo'harrar 
Example, Jli* * ij^ tnithdl, 

^ibrah 
Excellent, ^\s * ojj fd'dil, 

bdric. 
Excuse, ^jft c.othr 
Execute (to kill), Jj^i 'ka- 

tal 
Expect, ^;kjl intazar 
Expense, ^^jj-*^ ma'sroof 
Experience,^L::i.l * ixjdwh-- 

tibdVf tajribak 
Explain, -^ sharah 
Explanation, j<.MMiJ tafsir 
Express (messenger), ^U 

sdai 
Extensive, ^Ja madid 
Extent, ^\xu\ imtiddd 
Extraordinary, »^UI uJiU. 

child/ aUddah 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



126 

Extrayaganty v- 
Eye, lyjc cine 

F. 



VOCABULARY. 



^mosrif 



Fable, 2i[^ • Jju chordfahf 

mathal 
Face, Aa^j toajh 
Fag (tire), v. Lcl aeya 
Fail (bankrapt), ^\ aflas 
Faint, t?. J^ ♦ cfi)u» trana. 

Fair (weather), uJjJ i^Vlf 
Faithfiil, ^^ul amin 
Fall, V. cj5j wo'kooe, 
False, ^^ jToor 
Family, iJLft e^ZoA 
Famine, \»J 'kaht 
Fancy, JU ♦ ^ c»fly<fZ, 

Fat, c^tcw samin 
Father, c^l o^ 
Fatigue, i^ tacjob 
Fault, v^^ « jMxiJ ct^^. 

Faultless, v,.*-^ 51 bila c.ibe 



Favour, 2i» 

nicmah 
Favourable, 



minnahy 



i/-> 



mardi, most'hahb 
Favourite, Jp^A , • 

mofad'dal, mostahahh 
Fear, «. v.j^ c'Aow/' 
Fearful, «.ujai.» v-»ji* cAa?/; 

machoof 
Feast, j^ ctfo^f 
Feather, ^^ reash 
Featureg,^^U»>.5L. asdnr, 

maldmth 
Feed, v. c-ftJU ♦ ^jU ♦ ^>H 

^fe/, mdriy a team 
Fed cJ^ maeloof 
Feel, ^j«». 'Atw 
Female, jtil ontha 
Ferry,jjat« maeJbar 
Fetch, vVi^* 
Few, JJi5 'Aa^Z 
Field, Ji. 'ha hi 
Fight, r. and «. JU 'AtV^ 
Find, v. j^ wajad 
Finish, v. "il atamm 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



TOCABULARY. 



127 



Fish, cdUw * o^ samak, 

"hoot 
Fisherman, ^\i« sy-ydd 
Fix, V. owJl *jji athbat, 

'harrar 
Flag, Jfi calam 
Fling (to throw), ^ rama 
Flint, jjl^ '^2£Mran 
Floor, ^jas.i^ 'hadi'd 
Flour, ^;;J* ♦ j^^ 'tahin, 

daM'k 
Flower, »^ zahrah 
FI7, v.^lt 7<ir 
Fly, tJ. (runaway),c^Aara6 
Food, oji ♦ ^UL 'Aoof, '<ac- 

Foolish, j^l ahmak 
Forbid, ^ ♦ ftU na^a, ma- 

Force, i^ 'koowah 
Forehead, \ju^jiibin 
Foreign, u**^ * ^^\garibj 

ajnahi 
Forest, h\t gdhah 
Forget, V, ^ rum 



Forgive,^ gafar 
Former (the), jjL. ♦ ^^ 

sdbtky mokaddam 
Formidable (to be feared) 
u-w4* ♦ J^ mahibftnahool 
Forsake, (s}J ^ja^ iarak, ha- 

jar 
Fortune, oia ♦ icwJ bacht, 

'kismah 
Foundation, ^Li asds 
Fountain, ^yc* ♦ p^ cine, 

yanbooc, 
VoYflyjicTtire 
Freedom (one's own will), 

jLs».i ichtiydr 
Friend, v--.-^ 'haUb 
Friendly, i^, bimahabbah 
Frequent, ^^ ^^ ♦ uj>Uj\ 

taraddad, intdb 
Fresh, ^g^ ♦ jj j». 'tari,jadid 
Fruit, A^\3fdkihah 
Full, j^ momtali 
Furnish,^ jahhaz 
Furniture (of a house) ^jli^ ♦ 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



128 



VOCABULARY. 



Future, J^l * J-ii-^ dti, mos- 
takbil 

G. 

Gain, ^^^Ajfkasdb 
Garden, ^,\i*j bostdn 
Gather, m^jamac. 
General (of brigade), J!a*» 

general 
Generally, u^f * Ulc ^omoo- 

many gdlihan 
Generosity, f^* \^ coram, 

saSha 
Gentle, cJ-U la'tif 
Gentleman, ^\j^ chawAja 
Geography, ^\jt>. jagrdfia 
Girl, k£j:j hint 
Give, V. Jafti aQ.'ta 
Glad, y^jfarhdn 
Glass, ^U) zojdj 
Gloves, \^jfcofoof 
Go, V. c-^i ♦ J^ thahab, 

rd'h 
Gold, c^^ thahab 
Good, c-^k 'fy-i6 



Govern, v. J^ 'hacam ^ 
Government, a«^$s1 'hocoo- 

mah 
Grand, xJa^ pazim 
Grandeur, a,^ aazamah ^ 
Grant, v, V(^^ ancjam 



Grapes, k^^ einab 
Gra^, c-^JLc Gjoshb ^ 

Grateful, jj^ shacoor ^ 
Gratitude, l^\ ^^^ sh^ 

crdn anniomah 
Great, xsAc aazim 
Green, y^^l aSh'dar ^ 

Ground, s. ^jij ard 
Grow, J nama 
Guide, s. dJV^ daldlah 
Guide, V. JJ^ daUel 

H. 

Habit, l:^G. cddah 
Hair,yti shapr 
Half, uXai m'{/* 
Hand, jj ^a^ 

Handkerchief,Jjjj^maiu&^ 
Handsome,. J-^ jameel '■ ^ 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



VOCABULARY. 



129 



Happened (it), ^g^ » jiJl 

jaraj ittafak 
Happiness, 7^A * il^lsu* gib^ 

^tdhf sacadah 
Happy, juauj sacjead 
Hard, ^j^^l ♦ ^\j yelJw, 'M^ 
Hardship, i^Ci 'kasdwah 
Haste, jLls^ aajalah 
Hasten, Ja?=-*^ ista^jal 
Harmless,^^^ bUa 'darar 
Hat, jlaJ;) homytah 
Hate, V. joio\ ahgad 
Haye v. ^^^^^^^'ha'sal oala 
Hay, jgu#;j barsini 
Head, fjJj rds 
Hear, v. a^^ sarnie. 
Heart, ^Jii 'halb 
Heavy, J-oJ thakeel 
Heal (cure), v. Jii* «Aa/a 
Help> v. sgL> sdcad 
Help, s. issL^ mosd^adah 
HiU, JJ fa// 
Hindrance, *!• ♦ j)j» wan c. 

Hire, t7, a. (^/l a^ra 



History, ^ tdreec'h 
Hold, V. dL^ masak 
Hole, «. jj^ c'harh 
Home, ^^ watan 
Honey, J.,,,^ eo^a/ 
Honour, jj^ ♦ ujp ctrW, 

sharaf 
Hope, J*1 amal 
Horn, jji '^rw 
Hot, ^jkf* sochn 
Holy,^lt Udhir 
Hour, 2aU sdoah 
House, ^b ♦ cuj* ddVf bite 
Humanity, aJLjI insdniyah 
Hunger, ^joo^ 
Hungry, v. ^y^jouodn 
Hurt, V, (^■Xdtha 
Husband, *^ ♦ J«> zouj, bacl 



I. 

Idea,^^Ar 
Idle, ^JkScaMn 
Ignorance, y^^jahl 
Ignorant, ^\».jdhil 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



130 



111, ^jo)^ mari'd 
Illness, jj^ marad 
Imagine, JJ^ tamu^or 
Immediate, JU- 'hiHee 
Immense, yj^ todjir 
Imperfect, ^l* nd'kts 
Important (affair), 1^ mo- 

himm 
Impossible, ^\^ * J^J^ 

moMly give momkin 
Improbable, J-^^ ^ gire 

mo'hiamil 
Improper,u.*»-*li*^ <7«re ma- 

ndsib 
Impinadence, j^ takatoor 
Improve (to), ^^^-«^ ♦ ^ 

'hassan, jatcwad 
Impropriety, 3u.» > \ • .■■ 4> j^ju-^ 

cadam mondsabah 
Impure, ^U^ gire c halts 
Incapable, tilSjjc^ire 'kddir 
Incessant, ^cb * J-»}^ ^^ 

tm, motawd/sil 
Inclination, J-* mi/e 
Inclined, J5U mi^t'Z 



VOCABULARY. 

Include (a letter), ^^-I-J 

Income, ^1^\ ♦ Ji.^ tr^rf} 

dachl 
Incomplete, JSj^ gire tdmn/i 
Inconvenient, j»|^^ girt 

mowdjl'k 
Incorrect, f^j^ gire 5a- 

'hrk ■ 

Increase, i^l^ ziyddah 
Indifferent, ^j^jJ J^ii bigiri 

fark 
Indisposition, 

inhirdfmizdj 
Infancy, l^yio 'tofooli-yah 
Infant, Jit ^tifi 
Inferior,^^^ ♦ ^3^\ docnyadnd 
Infinite, ^\uujifi. gire mo* 

tandhi 
Influence, ^ ♦^ tu^ooth, 

tatheer 
Inform, j\^\ ichbdr 
Information, ^ ckdbar 
Ingenious, *jJll alma^i 
Inhabitant, jJU sdkin 



r)>-* »— »1;^ ' 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



VOCABULARY, 



131 



Inhuman, IJLjI ^ aadam 

insdniyah 
I»jure, t?. Jlo 'darr 
Injury, ^^ 'darar 
Innocence, i!^ bard-ah 
Innocent, fj^ hari 
Insecure, ^^^ ^ ^Jl^ ffife 

madmoon 
Insensibility, ^j^ * a:;© jo^ 

noon 
Insincere, jjJLi^ jn^c gire 

mochlis 
Insolent, a^ safih 
Instant (ready ),^\> 'hd'dir 
Instruct, J^ ♦ cjjft ♦ iS^ 

callam, carriif, darrab 
Insufficient, ^^Oi^ gire cdfi 
Intelligent, x^fahim 
Intention, iJ ni-yah 
Interest (advantage), ijjli 

fd-idah 
Interfere, v, Ji.ljuij yator 

ddchal 
Interpret, v, ^J tarjam 
Interpreter, J^ tarjomdn 



Interrupt, «y 'katae, 
Invent, cj\^\ ichtaraa 
Investigation, c^ bahth 
Invincible, ^^ js^ gire 

magloob 
Invite, Ic^ cfaca 
Irregular,'e-J;*^ gire mO" 

rattab 
Island, ijiyf^jazeerah 

J, 
Jar, Ij^ jarrah 
Jealous, jj^ ga-yoor 
Jest, ^ mazh 
Jewel, jby>, jouhar 
Join, V. ^j wasal 
Journal, ^^i^jomdl 
Journey, ^^ safar 
Joy, ^ fara% 
Joyful, y^^farlid/n 
Judge, V. ^ « ^ 'hacanfiy 

'eada 
Judgment, jC ♦ Us 'hokm, 

cadd 
Juice (lemon), jiac casern* 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



132 



VOCABULARY. 



Jump^jM * i^j 'hajazj wo- 

thah 
Just, J^ ♦ J^lft mo'hi'k'ky 

cddil 
Justice, jf^ * Jjft 'hak'kj 

K. 

Keel, u^ifio^l ji« ^A^cr a^ 

marcab 
Keen (sharp), !I\> ^A^ofc? 
Keep, V. W. ♦ Jbl 'haJiZf 

ab'ka 
Kept, kybi» mahfooz 
Kettle, 4i^ goMoryah 
Kejy -kfl* mift&'h 
Kill, v. J:5 'cafoZ 
Kind (sort)^ c.y noue, 
Kindness, ji^ ♦ ^^L^\ rif'ky 

rhsdn 
King, diL n^a/?^ 
Kingdom, 2Mr mamlacah 
Kiss, «?. ^l> * JJ ^4*,' 'caft- 

Knee, iSj rokbah 



Kneel, ftSJ ♦ l5> racac,, * 

Knife, v:;;^ sikkeen, 
Knock, V. c^ 'karac, 
Know, cJ;C paraf ^ 

Knowledge, ii^ maerifdh 

L. I 

Laborious, la^ ♦ J^mo-jid<iy 
cddd > 

Labour, S^cadd 

Labourer, :!{ cAdd ^ 

Lady, c:*^ W^^ 

Lake, 1/%^. ho'hyrak * 

Lame, -^1 aero; 

Lament, ^Is n^'A 

Lamp, la^j»**^ masrajah 

Land, ^^1 ♦^lic ard, coM^ 

Language, ^U * iii lisdny 
logah 

Large, «-i1j *jiSwdsie.fCdbeer 

JjBstf^dShir 

Laugh, V. cd^ 'dahik i 

Lawfiil, ^pP ♦ J5U shar^ 
'haUl J 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



VOCABULARr. 



Lay up (8tore),^il iththa 

£har 
Lazy, Ji<jfca$ldn 
Lead^ ^U, rasd's 
Leaf^ ^j paraSah 

zool, nahif 
Leap^ ^^ '^a/ar 
Learn, ^-to^aa^H 
Learned, JW c^Zm 
Learnings Je ctZm 
Least, JSl a'caZZ 
Leaye, i). ^;S1 a^^m, athxn 
Left (hand), JUi shmM 
Lend, ci-l^^ *jWI ^/o^ 

Leisure, ^\jfarAg 

L^, jU s&'h 

Lemon, ^^^ lymoon 

Length, J^t '^ooZ 

Let (a house), ^^ acra 

Liberty, h^ 'horri-yah 

Lick, V. ^j,^ Za'Ao^ 

Jie (to recline), KjI t«aca 

Lie, 5. L^'Sfcathib 



133 

\^'Sfcathab 

* i\^*G,omrf 'ha-yAh 



Lie, V. 
Life,^ 

Light, adj. cJ^^ c'hafif 
Light, s.jy noor 
Lightning, ^ ftar'A 
Like (similar), Jju mithl 
Lion, x»»\ asad 
Liquid, ^L md-ic, 
Live, V, jjiW c<^A, 
Load, s, J^ 'hammal 



Loaf, 



ra^lf 



Lock, Jii 'cojl 
Lodge, (^U mo'wa 
Long, ae^*. J>jL 'ta-weel 
Looking-glass, ^ mirdhy 

mirayek 
Loose (to let), ^ c'^Zfa 
Lose, jif *y^facady chasiry 
Lost, ,>^ ♦ «5U majcoody 

dd-i^ 
Love, *. ijj^ ♦ jj^jLc ma hah- 

hah, pish^k 
Low, JiU ^4/2/, 
Luggage, JUft ♦ J\«i ^^^, 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



134 



VOCABULARY 



M. 

Machine^ t^ diah 
Magazine, ^;^ mac'hzin 
Magnificent JJk jalU 
Maid, cdJj ♦ ie^U hinty jA- 

riyah 
Majesty, A,»hg cazamah 
Make, v. Jf camil 
Made, J|>»x« mac,mool 
Manage, ^^ dahbar 
Mankind, ^^LJl insdn 
Manner, J\^ minwdl 
Manufactory ii\>p * J*** 

carchdnahj maemal 
Map, aL^ chartah 
Marble,^;^ marmar 
March, v. ^JU ♦ ^J^ u-i^ 

masha, zahaf 
Mare, ^j faros 
Market, jj^ «oo'A 
Marriage, ^1^ zawdj 
Marry, -.^;]r tazaw^waj 
Master, Jjm mo^Uim 
Mean (sordid), ^^----i. c7/a- 



«^e« 



Means (occasion), aL<^ ^f^- 

silah 
Measure, ^jX^ 'hiyds 
Meat,^ « |»UL lahmytacAn 
Meet, V. ^V M'Aa 
Melon, ^.^ htttich 
Melt, c->b M<^ft 
Memory,5^S *Ji thdkirahj 

thikr 
Mend, Xo\ aslah 
Merciful, ^j».^ rahoom 
Merchandise, %J^ * i^U) 

tijdrahy bi'ddcah 
Merchant, ^t tdjir 
Mercury, jjj sfi&a'^ 
Middle, k^ tra«a'< 
Mild,j8Ji>» v-fl-U 'AaZim,te'<«/ 
Milk, ^ * vJk fe^^an, 'Aa/lfc 
Mill, A3ja.lL 'tahoonah 
Mind, «. Jl> ♦ J5c 2^<iZ, ca'Arl 
Mine, ^li* * J matdGty U 
Minhy^J*^JoJura%'tarah 
Mischief, ^ «oo 
Miserable, Ju. <Aa'At 
Misery, ij\j^ ihakdioah' 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



VOCABULARY. 



135 



Mismanagement^ ^^ jj *^ 

soo tadbeer 
Mistake, Wle galat 
3iix, V. ^ ♦ Ui. mazaj^ 

chcdat 
Moderate, v. Jj^ coddal 
Modern, ii>j^»^Ls-. mo'h- 

dathf motorojch chir 
Modesty, UJ:^ 'hishmah 
Moment, iiJ^ daktkak 
Moon,^ 'camar 
Jdountain, ^jahal 
Mud, Jft^ wa'hl 
Mule, J^ &a^2 
Mutual, ti^/CL* moshtarak 
Myrtle, ^1 ds 
Mystery J}-» sirr 



N. 

Nail, ^ * jW« ii^ofr, 

mdr 
Naked, ^^\i^ ^orydn 
Name, ^1 ism 
Narrow, j^ 'dy-tk 
Nation, Itt ommak 



miS" 



Native, ^^jL * jJ^ baladi, 

motawaUid 
Nature, IxJo 'taMoah 
Natural, ^A-t 'tahici 
Naughty, ^ 'kabik 
Navigation, ^^ J^ safar 

al ba'kr 
Near, c.^ 'kai4b 
Neat, v-ijlai » *-«i^ na^rt/*, 

Necessary, j»jV /<^2?m 
Need, •.Us&.l i'ktUydj 
Neglect, «?. J*ftl oAmaZ 
Negligent, J.*^* mokmil 
Neighbour, J^jdr 
Net, tyja skdbacak 
New, jjija. Jod^ 
Next c-4/ * (day), J^li 'Aa- 

reebj 'kdhil 
Nice,^;;-*.* ♦ i^^'kasaUytyAb 
Night, JJ lUe 
Noise, if* 'dajjdk 
None, j^l V * ^ V /^ a'AaeZ, 

^ shy 
Nonsense, J^iii^ hathaydn 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



136 



VOCABULARY. 



Nothing, ^"i U shy 
Notice, s. Jc ♦^ ciZm, c'Ao- 

har 
Nourish, ^ji gaththa 
Novelty, ij^jiddah 
Number, ^j^ codad 
Numerous, jj j^ padid 
Nurse, s. ax^ * aA^ mordi- 

ea^ ddyah 

O. 

Oak, J» 5o'^m 
Oar, cJlji* mihddf 
Oath, c*f * t%--» yamiuy kor 

mm 
Obedience, i^lk 't&ojah 
Obedient, «5\t 't^ie. 
Obey, cltl a'f(ic 
Object, V. ^j^>tl i^&rad 
Object, j. Aft^U ♦^ 'hdjahyshy 
Objection, ^^^l/^ftl iatird'd 
Oblige, V. *^\B^^J• mann aola 
Obscure, J^U ♦ ^l^ ehd- 

milf gdmi d 
Observe, v. k^^V Id'kaz 



Obstacle, «3U mdtiic, 
Obstinate, j^ camd > 

Obtain, ^y^ ta'h'sed 
Occasion, a^ * ^\^foriahj 

ddoi 
Occupy, V. Jij:» * J.«jCL«»l«ia«* 

^oZ, Utacmcd 
Occur, g?^ *^araf wa6ac) 
Occurrence, g^j wo'kooc. ' 
Odd (strange), ^^ * (numt ' 

ber), ^ ♦ cjj garibjfard^ 

Offence, mUI t^^^A > 

Offend, V. ^Ul o^ 

Offer, ^ • ^1 'kaddam, ' 

aQ.'ta 
Office, liiiej wazifah 
Officer, \ula « aJUj jS 'dd' 

bi% thoo wazifah 
Oil, o»jj 2?/^ 
Omit, uJ j>. 'hathaf 
Omnipotent (the), jT^i^^li 

^ 'kddir Gala coll shy 
Opinion, l-^ j* ♦ Jii mati^ 

hah, zann ^i 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



VOCABULARY. 



137 



Opportunity, lu,jforiah 
Oppositioii, aLU* moMcUah 
Orange, ^^ bordoSdn 
Qrator,e^Jai. ♦ ^JuU Sha'tib, 

hdtif 
Older, s. v^ * *3^ tartib, 

toa/siyah 
Origin, J^i M 
Ornament, ijj zinah 
Out, ^U. ♦ \y ckdrij, harra 
Outside, ^lil ^Jiaichdrij 
Over, ^/(w'A 
Overcome, v-Jic ^a^ 
Overflow, it '^o/a'A 
Overset, <,,, I $ ♦ ^^ij 'Ao- 

Overtake, v. c^l ♦ ji. ad- 

rak, lah%k 
Own, jjtfU c'A<i'<« 
Owner, Cf*a.U ♦ dilU ««i'AtJ, 

mdlik 

^ P. 

Paek, »;<* sorrah 
Pail, j)^ (i{aZz<;a 



Pain, tt>j wajac. 
Paint, jj^ satowar 
Pale, a.^^l aifar 
Parcel, i^ ♦ i^ 'sorrah, 

'hozmah 
Pardon, jift oaf wo 
Parents, ^Vlj f^)l\ alab wa- 

hmm 
Parrot, Ij^ ♦ I w j > dorrah, 

babbaga 
Partake, ^| (sJa^,! ishtarak 
Particular, ^y^,uJ^ ma6h- 

'soo's 
Party, ls\^jamdcMh 
Pass, V.3* ♦^^ ^bar,marr 
Passage (of troops),jjj^ two- 

roor 
Passenger, ^U ♦^L- wt4rr, 

mosdfir 
Passpdrt, ^^i ijjjj ♦ jl^ 

tathkirat assafary jawdz 
Passion (anger), y.., ^ ^a- 

Passionate, v^^ gadoob 
Paste,"^ 'tild 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



138 



VOCABULARY. 



Path, j: ♦ (sULa mamarry 

maslak 
Patience, ^;c» 'sahr 
Patient, jjjj^ 'sdboor 
Pause, V. uJi^ wacaf 
Pay, ^3j ♦ t5^1 M?fl/h, a<2c^ 
Payment, li^ ♦ bl tro/^, ckM 
Peace, ^5L-. * JL^ scMniy 

Penalty, i.1^ * ^^grdmah, 

nctcdl 
Pen, Ji &z2am 
Penknife JaII »i;u mibrdt 

aUalam 
Pepper, ^folfol 
Perceive, jstl * (^a shacar, 

dara 
Perfect, ^^cAmil 
Perfection, ^camdl 
Perform, J^ oamU 
Perfume, zj^^ ♦^. ca'ttar, 

hachShar 
Permission, ijWl ^'^araA 
Permit, ^Ui ♦ ^ ajdz, «a- 

ma'A 



Perplexed, ^J\J^ 'hyrdn 
Persevere, i-^)^ wdaah 
Perseverance, aJ»\^ mowk- 

zdbah 
Persuade, *:5\ ahnae, 
Petition, JUjj^ car'ii 'M/ 
Phial (small bottle), j^ 

'honjoor 
Phi^se, ilfr « 5^Lft jonUahf 

eibdrah 
Physic, 1^^ dated 
Physician, s-*--l» * c^l J^ to- 

Mb, moddwi 
Pickles, jy^ nvoihaUal 
Picture, ljy> 'soorah 
Piece, Axlas 'kttcah 
Pig,^,i^ ihimeer 
Pillar, ^j^ Gamood 
Pincers, Wa mt/'Aa'^t 
Pious, ^ taki 
Pit, »^ 'hofrah 
Pity, Li-ftJ* shafakak 
Place, «^^ mou'diG, 
Plague, ^^jftlL ♦ U^ 'td^ooni 

wabd 



Digitized by LjO"OQ IC 



VOCABULARY. 



139 



Plain^ s. kj^ ♦ ^j^ bad't, 

Plank, ^ huh 

Plate, ^^ « ijjsf* 'sahuy 

'm'hfah 
Play, v. 4^ Zaci^ 
Pleasant, ^^^ ♦ JL mafdi, 

sdrr 
Pleasure, i jJ • li». laththah, 

^hazz 
Please, c^' « ^^1 a^ab, 

arda 
Plenty, i^*j^j cathrahy 

wofoor 
Plough, c>j^ 'harath 
Poet,^Ui shdfir 
Poetry yjatit shipr 
Point (of a knife or needle), 

j». ♦ ^\j 'hadd, rd$ 
Politeness, uj^I ♦ ijSaddbj 

hiy&sah 
Vonjjj^ mohr 
Poor, jkjLs fakeer 
Possess, cdiL malah 
Possible, jC^ momkin 



VoYerty, j» fa kr 
Power, i^jj 'kodrah 
Powerful,^jb kAdir 
Practice, i^U ♦ l^Jc ^dah, 



Praise, v. s^* ^ 'hamid^ 

vfiadah 
Prayer, g^ *U^ 'saldhydocd 
Prefer, ^ * J ^^ raj- 

jak, fad'dal 
Prejudice,^ 'darar 
Prepare, jcl acadd 
Presence, ,4-.«^ 'ho' door 



Present, s. hss^ hadi-yah 
Preserve, v. kib.*^)U 'hafisj 

'sdn 
Pretence, ^j^ ♦ JU daowuy 

tacallol 
Pretty, ^^^cowyyes 
Prevail, t?. cJic galab 
Prevent, *i* mana^ 
Pride,^Ai5r 
Print, V. ft^ 'tdbap 
Prisoner,^K«»l asir 
Private (in), sjU. chahcah 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



140 



VOCABULARY. 



Probable, J^^ mo'htamil 
Proceedyc^l « ^ jiJ istamarvy 

takaddam 
Procure, v, J-a». « ^ji^as^X 

'hassal 
Produce, v. j51 ♦ Jcl antajy 

agaU 
Produce, 8. aU gcMah 
Promise, 8, sej waad 
Pronounce, ka) lafaz 
Proof, JJ^ dalil 
Proper, u^lu mondsib 
Prosperous, ^pJA ♦ ^li mo- 

waffak, ndjih 
Protect, -ji. *,U1 'hama, ajdr 
Proud, jS<u motacabbir 
Providence, 4ttl S^Uc cin^ 

Province, SJU iydlak 
Provisions, t^;^ tliaShirah 
Prudence, ^ ♦ i;j<^ 'hazm, 

hadrah 
Pull, t?. «^j». ja^Ao^ 
Pulse, jjiJ no^'cJ 
Punishment, «^\j^ aathdb 



Purchase, v, (//u.1 ishtara 
Pure, J5 * ^U. nak{,6hdlt8 
Purpose, ju^ fka'sd 
Purse, ^^heei 
Pursue, «?. ^IL 'f^rod 
Put, A^j wa'dae, 

Q. 

Quail (a bird), ^Um «omm4n 
Qualifications, aa^ 'sifak i 
Quality (good qualities) 

lAfhyfi-yah 
Quantity, ^Ija* * 1^ mih- 

ddvy cammiyah 
Quarrel, v. cjli ndzac. 
Queen, 25d« malikah 
Quench, Utl a^a 
Quick, ^Ki^ «aHe 
Quince, J»/L. safarjal 
Quill, jj;:^ r66«^ 
Quit, e^ fara^ 
Quiet, cAk» * ^^LM. mo'** 

mo-tnn, 8dkin 
Quote, t). JJJ * A^\ no^ 

owrad « 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



VOCABULARY. 



141 



Quotation, JU « ^J^l na'kl, 
irdd 

R. 

Rabbit, l^I amab 
Rags, J^lfc, ra^hil 
Rain, «.^^ ma'tar 
Rain, t?.^^ ma tar 
Raisins, v^^ ^s^^ 
Rank (soldiers), t.^ '50^ 
Bare,^jU «<t<^ir 
Rasb,^2^^ motahaw-wir 
Raw, ^^3 wy« 
Reach, «L 2>a/a^ 
Read, 1^ 'hara 
Real, JL5». 'ha'ki'ki 
Reason, jSc ♦ (cause), u^^-. 

cakl, sabah 
Receive, JLJ tasallam 
Receipt, s, s^ * i«>^ sanad, 

raj^k 
Recent, v**i\». ♦ v^J» 'hdr 

dithf 'hadith 
Beckon, u^,.*.> Ao^o^ 
Recollect, JfjJ tathakkar 



Recommend, ^c*^ * ^ »h 

wassa, now-wak 
Recompense, »ls\C» * »ijl^ 

mocdfdh, mojdzdh 
Recover, 1/u.l ♦ ^jlil ista^ 

radd, afd'h 
Recovery (of health), 2»lf) 

Reflect,^^AAar 
Refresh, ^jjo * J^ 'tarray 

ard'h 
Reftisal,%l ihd 
Refuse, ^ aha 
Regiment, ^^Vl aim 
Regret, v. c-a^U torassaf 
Regular, t-J;* morattah 
Rejoice, ^jfarxh 
Renew, ^^jaddad 
Rent (of a house), \fhird 
Repair (set in order), L, ♦ 



r^ 



'salla% rammam 



Repeat, ^^ carrar 
Repentance, i— •ljb_> nadd" 

mak 
Reply, K^j^jdwah 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



142 



VOCABULARY. 



Report, J^ * ftU,! carravj 

ashde, 
Reproach, v. ^V ♦ ^ Idm, 

wahhaSh 
Request, v. (.JUi» * ^j^\ ttor 

lab, iltamas 
Reside, cX« macath 
Resist, ^\i * «}U 'kdtoam, 

mdnciG 
Resolute, ir>c ji thoo GUii- 

tnah 
Resolye, v. ^ eazam 
Rest, V. J\j\J< istard'k 
Rest, 8, l»^J * A».l/u»l rd hah 
Restless, la^J% hUa rdfhah 
Result, Ajfr^ ♦ J-»U. naiijah, 

'hd'sU 
Retire, ^^^3j^\ insaraf 
Return, v. 9j^j rajaa 
Reyive, ^^1 a/ht/a 
Reward, ^jazd 
Rich, ^ gam 
Rice,^ rozz 
Ride, V. t^Jfj rahib 
Ring, s. ^ 6hdtim 



Rise, V. Ji kdm 
Robber, Jj li'ss 
Roof, J«-. 'saYh 
Rock,^;a?» fsac'hr 
Room, c:«^ * i^Ji bite, ou^daH 
Root, J^l ad 
Rope, J-sh 'habl 
Ruin, 1^]^ dhardib 
Run, iS/f^jara 

s. ; 

Sack, aJT) zaheebah i 

Sad, Cyo , ^ f .^ co^a^ 
Saddle, -^ «ar; 
Safe (and sound), vi^^U « 

xJL» TnaTnootif soMth 
Sail, e.]^ shirda 
Sailor, (^^. 6a'A7*t 
Salary, l^^^ jamhiryah 
Sale, «-> teyc 
Sand, J^ rami 
Satisfy, v. «^ * ^J^shahio^^ 

ihtafa 
Save, V. ^^^flU. Shalla's 
Saw, «. j\-ti* minshdr 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



VOCABULARY. 



143 



Scarce,y\5 nddir 
Sea,^. hahr 
Search, v. ^J^fattdsh 
Season, ^j\j\ awdn 
Secret, J^ sirr 
See, v.Jiu nazat 
Sell, cl; hcLG, 
Seek, i_JJff ^taldb 
Seed,^j> hazr 
Seem,^;4k zahar 
Seize, ^Afi kdba'd 
Send, \±am baaath 
Sensible, ^Ic ♦ jj-L^ pd^kil, 



Sense, (understanding) Jac ♦ 
(meaning)^^ca'^,97iacna 
Separate, j^ * J-oa** mo^ 

r«c?, rruynfasil 
Serious, j». « ^^ ^'wW, raa^w 
Servant, ^\^ thaddam 
Service, i«jJ^ 'chidmah 
Set (of things), j^J * ^ 

nasak 'ta'hm 
Settle (an affair), J»l « jji\ 

acarvy anha 



Shade, Jk 2;i7/ 
Shake (a cloth), ^joaj nafa'd 
Shame, tjg^» s>-ft cAm, et^ 
Sharp (knife), ^U ♦ c-^i 

A^c^, ihainib 
Shave, t?. jk 'halak 
Shelter (-ed place), ' 

U^* malja 



Shine, «JL ♦ j^l /«ma 



Shoot, ^ rama 

Shop, o^U ♦ ^,)iS 'hdnoot, 

doccdn 
Short, j<^ 'kasir 
Show, fjsA * (^j\ abda, ara 
Shut, V. jlcl « x^ aglakj 

sadd 
Sick, jjtfi;* mari'd 
Signal, 4^)U*i^U>t aaldmah, 

ishdrah 
Silence, oyCi socoot 
Silk,ji^ liarir 
Sincerity, ^^5U1 tchldi 
Sin, t7. ^iift. c'hcUiyah 
Sing, ^^ ganna 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



144 



VOCABULARY. 



Sink^ V, j^ gartk 

Sity jjtf * ,jJL Sacodfjalas 

Size, f^jirm 

Sky, J*. ♦ mjjjowy rakip. 

Sleep, 8. ^y noum 

Sleep, V, Jj ndm 

Small, jiK^ 'sageer 

Smell, Jl» skamm 

Smile, ^^ tabassom 

Smoke (of a pipe), v, ^^^ 

da'ch'chdn 
Smooth, ^\i ndcim 
Soap, ^^U saloon 
Sober, uJ-ftc 9^f^f 
Society, l;»^ jam^-yah 
Soft, *clj ♦ ci^ ndeim, ly- 

ien 
Solid, ^JyM matin 
Something, ^^ja-ju> baad 

shy 
Sorrow, ^^ 'hozn 
Sort, cji ♦ JC- nouG,j shxM 
Soul, ^j-A» no^ 
Sound, adj. ^^ sa'Mh 
Sour, jaJ^ lidmi'd 



Space, (^j^ mac^ ij 

Spare, t?. ^kc Jbl ab'ka cal^ 
Speak, V. J^ tacaUam | 
Spectacles, ol^liii na;r;2^r^ 
Spend, ^j^saraf 
Spice,^l4j hahdr \ 

SpHt, V. j-i ♦ cju* ska'Jili^ 

Spoiledy-J^ ♦ <.Jk« mochasi 
savy motlaf J 

Spot, \jLja ♦ it-*^ ^^^K. 

mou'die, 
Spread^ v. k^j hasa't s 
Spring,(of water) cjjj ♦ sja 

yanboue.y cine 
Sprinkle, ^J»j rashsk 
Stairs, ^^ daraj 
Stand, V. Ji 'Mm 
Starving, j^ ta'daw-war 
Stay, V. \*Jy^ macath 
Steady, ^^ * ojU sdhin^ 

thdbit 
Steal, V. jj^ sarak . 

Steer, ^.J)^J^ tasyeer al 

Tnarcab , 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



Itick^ s. lac Gasa 
itjffj f^jttAi ydhis 
hill (yet), UjI e^dan 
ftir, d^ * ^ 'harrahj hy- 

Itore, ^2))^ machzin 
teinger, u^ ^aH& 
traw, \jo tibn 
\rengtli, iy 'koowah 
('retch, j^ madd 

ike, c->^ 'dardb 
' ing, 5. liL»». ♦ ^J^ 'kite, 

maras 
*trip (one's clothes), j^ 
] Jarrad 
Strong, ijj 'hawi 
Study, ^j-^ daras 
Subdue, 9.^ ach'dac, 
Submit, j^il ♦ jL athcan, 

sallam 
Succeed,^ naja'h 
Success, -Us vajdlh 
Buck, ^jo* mass 
Suffer, ^^cdbad 
Sugar, ^^ soccar 



VOCABULARY. 145 

Supply, V, j^l *^U amadd, 

mdr 
Support, V. jj«*,l ♦ K^\t\ OS' ' 

nad, agdth 
Suppose, v.^jj * ^^ 'had- 

davjfara'd 
Supreme, ^^U * ^W sawif, 

Sure, jSs* mo'ha'Kkdk 
Surface, a».j 2£?a;A 
Surprise,^^ 'hy-yar 
Suspicion, l-*j^ * i^ Wfte, 

shobhah 
Swear, v. ^\ * u-ftl> aksani, 

'halaf 
Sweep, ^y^canas 
Sweet, jk. 'kolom 
Swell, V. -jpl * j%^j intafachj 



wanm 

Swim, ^ ♦ j»lfr sabahy Q,dm 
System, iwjL ♦ »Acl5 'far^- 

ca^, Sdcidah 

T. 

Take, jd.1 aShath 

L 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



146 



VOCABULARY. 



Taken^ S^U machooth 
Talk, Cj>sd tahaddath 
Teach, v, Jc callam 
Tear, v. (rend) jji. « ^jj* 

'chazza/kj nutzzak 
Tell,^ chabhar 
Thank,^^ shacar 
Thick, ^^ thachin 
Think,^^ faccar 
Thought, Jljicr 
Threat, v, ^j^J tahaddad 
Throne, yi^ eMrsh 
Throw, ^Jo *tarah 
Thunder, ji^ ra^ 
Tie, t?. \uj rahat 
Tidings,^ 'chdbar 
Timber, L^^JL^'chashab 
Time, kzSj wakt 
Timid, ^^W ♦ vjn'^ pdni, 

hayoub 
Tired, JjU malool 
Tobacco, ^jU.^ * i-J do'ckdn, 

tdbg 
Tooth, ^j^ sinn 
Torch, Jj«^ mishoal 



Toss, ^ ^dj; 
Touch, ^jJL lamas 
Toy, ^b e?(i7i 
Trade, ii^ 'hirfah 
Translation, i-^^ ^ar;a- 

niah j 

Travel, v.^U «4/^r 
Tread, \j wa'ti 
Treacherous, Ji\^ 'chd-in I 
Trifling, xa^ zakid 
Tme,j:^'kak'k 
Trust, V. ^J ♦ ^\ tarajja 

ittacal 
Truth, ja. « ILift. 'ka'kika 
Try, KS'tf.jarrab 
Turn, v.a.^bl «(Mr 
Turnip, ^^^ Zi/it 



U. 



bashic 



Ugly, «-iLj « ^ 

'kabi'h 
Umbrella, A;»«yGui * H^ sham 

si-yah, zollah 'j 

Unable, t?.j>W c4?i2^ 
Unanimous, ^1^ hila isfi 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



VOCABULARY. 



147 



Uncertain, j q_i^ jj^ glre 

moha kka k 
Understanding, ^fahm 
Unhappy, JLl $ho!kl 
Uiy ust, jSU. jd,'ir 
Unlocked, j^ a .j •j^ gire 

makfool 
Unworthy,^ j^^^ girejadir 
Upright, xy.tti,»a rrwsta'keem 
Urgent, JjLo* mo'd'tarr 
I Use, 17. J*xi-1 istacmal 
[Use, if. JUxs-#l ♦ ijlfi w^a'c- 

m(^Z, e,ddah 
IJseful, «_j\i * jij.Q.,4 n4/?c, 

mofid 
Useless, fti^j^ give ndfie, 
Utterly, iJClU hil colli-yah 

V. 

Vacant, Jli 'cMZi 

Vain, jEb ♦jJ^ hd'tUy 

mazhoo 
-Value, A«i 'kimah 
Valuable, ^j^ ♦ ^^ na- 

fisj iham\n 
Various, c};i« moianou wic. 



Vanish, J^^ i'dma'haU 
Venture,^\>2 tajdsar 
Vexation,^j^ takdeer 
Vice, i\yij ratkeelah 
Vigilant, a-su montdbih 
Violent, «— i-:^ ^neef 
Virtue, iLJafa'deelah 
Visit, Ijy^ ziydrah 
Voice, cj>yo sout 
Volume, jlf^ mojallad 
Voyage, j^} J^ safar al- 
ha'hr 

W. 

Wages, ij>\ ojrah 
Waggon, ilsP Gajalah 
Wait,^^l intazar 
Wake, V. a, kwt eycaz 
Walk, V, JL« masha 
Wall, kSU ♦jij- 'hd-l'ty soor 
Want, t?. -1^1 1'^%* 
Warm, j,\^ ddfi 
Wash, V. J-^ gasal 
Waste, V. i^JUl a^Zo/" 
Watch, v.j^ sahir 
Watch, s. isLt sd^h 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



148 



VOCABULARY. 



Water, U ♦ a^ mdj mowhy- 

yah 
Wax, fuja shamG. 
Way, ^JlJo 'taH'k 
Wear, r. ^jj lahis 
Weave, ^ nasaj 
Weight, ^^J wazn 
Well (good), t-^ '<y-ift 
Wet, jyL» mdblool 
Whisper, ^^U * ^J»j!^j ndja, 

washwash 
Whole, ilfr ♦ j%U^ jomlahy 

tamdm 
Wide, «-»l^ 2£?<^ec 
Wife, i>j\ zoujah 
Wine^^ * ujl^ cJiamVy 

shardh 
Wisdom, A^S^ %ikmah 
Wise, aXL 'hakeem 
Wish, i^ raghah 
Wonderful, v-*-sP cMJeeb 
Work, J? aamal 
Workshop, J^l J^ mrt- 

'AaZZ alcamal 
Worth, Xcvi 'Mmah 



Wound, ^j^jor'h 
Wounded, ^^j^ majroo'h 
Wreck (ship), ^J^\ JJ^{ 

inkier al marcab 
Write, ^^cata^ 
Wrong, lk». ♦ iasi' 'cha'tay 

modh'ti 
Wrought, Jj*»o macmool 

Y. 

Yard (measure), ci^i thirds 
Year, i:«*i * -%\fc sanahy pd 
Yellow,^^! a'sfar 
Yesterday, ^jmJ * i->^UI 

aTns, al bdri'hah 
Yield, V. (deliver up) ^ i 

sallam 

Yoxmg,LJJ^*jJu>shdbbySagir 
You, ^1 antom 
Youth, (^Uti shabdb 

Z. 

Zeal, 2^ geyrah 
Zealous, jij^ ga-yoor 
Zephyr, L* 'sahd 



W. M. Watte, Crown Court, Temple Bar. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



BOOKS PUBLISHED BY 

BERNARD QUARITCH, 

16 CASTLE STREET, LEICESTER SQUARE, LONDON. 



NOW IN THE FBESSi 

A TUEKISH ENGLISH 

AND 

ENGLISH TURKISH 
DICTIONARY. 

By J. W. REDHOUSE, 

ORIENTAL INTERPRETER AT THE FOREIGN OFFICE, LONDON ; 

FOR MANT'YEARS A RESIDENT IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE 

IN A DIPLOMATIC CAPACITY *, 

AUTHOR OF A TURKISH DICTIONARY EXPLAINED IN TURKISH, 

AND OF THE ** ORAMMAIRE DE LA LANOUE OTTOMANS." 

Mr. Redhouse's Dictionary will make about 700 pages, 
and will shortly be ready. 



BARKER'S TURKISH GRAMMAR, 

DIALOGUES AND VOCABULARY ; 

A PRACTICAL GUSDE TO THE ACQUISITION OP THE 
TURKISH LANGUAGE. 

1 vol. 12ino. 166 pp. cloth, 4«. 

Great pains should be taken to forward a copy of this osefol work 
to every Officer, and even to all non-commissioned Officers of the Army 
and Navy in the East. 

The Grammar is short and practical : the Dialogaes embrace all the 
most useful questions and likely answers : the Vocabulary contains 
about 1250 of the most useful words. 

ft^ THE BOOK HAS ALL THB OBIEMTAL WORDS BOTH IN THE 
ORIGINAL TURKISH AND THB PRONUNCIATION IN ROMAN LETTERS. 

**A little book of the time, very opportune in its appearance. This 
book should be the companion of every Englishman on his way to 
Constantinople." — AthencBum^ June 10, 1854. 



Digitized by KjOOQ^ 



BOOKS PUBLISHED BY 

BERNARD QUARITCH, 

16 CASTLE STREET, LEICESTER SQUARE, LONDON. 



ARABIAN CHRISTIANITY. 

HISTORY OF EARLY CHRISTIANITY IN ARABIA, 

By THOMAS WRIGHT, Esq., M.A., F.S.A. Hon. M.R.S.L., 

&c., Corresponding Member of the Imperial Institute of 

France (Academic des Inscriptions et Belles- Lettres); 

8vo. 200 pp. excellent paper and large type^with learned fooUnotes^ and 

many quotations from Arabian^ Syrian, and Byzantine Writers^ 

cloth, just published at 6«. 

" Wright's Early Christianity in Arabia," supplies an important link 
wanted in the history of the establishment of Christianity. Gibbon, 
Mosheim, Neander, etc. are all equally deficient on that point, on 
account of the great difficulty of consulting the few sources scat- 
tered through the ancient Arabian authors. The Tolume concludes 
with the period of Muhammed, and relates the paramount influence of 
Christianity over that shrewd man's mind. 

The style of this respectable library Tolume is fluent, without use- 
less display of learning. 

Only 500 copies were printed. 

*' In this historical essay we have the result of Mr. Wright's early 
studies in Oriental literature and in those obscure records which bear 
on the state of the East at a period anterior to Mohammed's conquest. 
Through the glimmetings of tradition we discern in that province of 
the Arabian peninsula called the Happy, an active people, who lived 
in luxury on their abounding plains. Pastures and plantations, 
naturally rich, afforded them subsistence ; they laboured only for l^eir 
own pleasure — they amassed the stores of an imperial opulence — they 
were sumptuous without effeminacy, and spoiled their splendours by 
no corruptions. Scholars and poets were their favoured guests. Such 
was the picture of Yemen, with its Sabsean inhabitants, which the 
ancients possessed ; but the country passed through many changes, 
and a far different scene was opened to the sight of conqueringlslam 
when the last of the independent chiefs ruled and died. Mr. Wright 
has diligently collected materials for a view of the peninsula, under 
its early Christian aspects, and has, with some scholarship, compared 
the testimony of writers in Europe and Asia. His book is meritorious 
as an example of careful research and honest criticism. We have 
much respect for any earnest endeavours to throw light on the politics 
and on the social and intellectual history of such distant perioos, and 
of races which, like the Arabian, have been wholly changed or totally 
destroyed." — Athenomm. 



Digitized by CiOOgIC 



REMAINDERS, 

SOLD BY 

BERNARD QUARITCH, 

16 CASTLE STREET, LEICESTER SQUARE, LONDON. 



Grimm's Germanic Mythology : Deutsche Mythologie, 

2 vols. 8vo. third ediiion^ sd, I6s. 1854. 

The same, 2 vols. 8vo. hf. bd. mor. 22s. 

Goettingen, 1854- 
This work has been scarce for some years, and is now offered in a 
new and much cheaper edition. 

Goethe's Faust Illustrated: Faust, eine Tragodie von 
Goethe, mit Zeichnungen Ton Seibertz, Erster Theil, atlas 4 to. 
superbly illustrated by \b large spirited steel engravings^ and 7 large 
and numerous small woodcuts, (pub. at 36s.) sd. 25«. 

Stuttgart, 1853. 
The companion to Kaulbach*s edition of Reynard the Fox. 

German School Dictionary: Elwell's German Dic- 
tionary, German-English and English-German, 2 yoIs. in 1, stout 
12mo. third edition, (pub. at 7s. 6d.) new in roan, 5s. 
. Braunschweig, 1853. 

' Elwell's is a new and very complete German Dictionary : it com- 
prises the New and Scientific Words. The Genitive and Plural 
of every Noun is given ; a feature of importance for beginners in 
the study of the German language. 

German Pocket Dictionary : Williams' German Dic- 
tionary, German-English and English-German, 2 parts in 1 vol. 
stout 16mo., neat in roan, 3s. 1853. 

The above is the only German Pocket Dictionary giving the Geni- 
tives and Plural of the Nouns. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



Shaw's Specimens of Ornamental Metal Work, 4to. 

SOfinepldtes of most elaborate designs, pectdiarly weU adapted for 
practical purposes^ (pub. at 21. 28.) ^ hf bd, 20s. 1836. 

The three copies sold separately at Mr. Shaw's sale fetched 25s. 
3is. dls. 

A work of great utility for the Manufacturing Districts. 

Romance. Charlemagne, an Anglo-Norman Poem of 
the Xllth. Century, now first published, with an Introduction 
and a Glossarial Index by Fr. Michel. 12mo. (pub. at lOs. 6d.) 
cloth, 6s, 1836. 

In the days of Romance, Charlemagne is said to have travelled to 
Jerusalem about the year 802. This supposed fact was very 
generally believed during the middle ages, even by learned writers 
of that period. Charlemagne's battles with the Turks and Sara- 
cens, and his adventures in the East, are a picture of Events 
which occurred a few centuries afterwards. 

Piers Ploughman. The Vision and the Creed of Piers 
Ploughman, edited, with Notes and a Glossary, by Wright. 
2 vols. 12mo. (pub. at 21«.), cloth, lOs. Pickering, 1842. 

The same, 2 vols. 12mo. morocco extra, gilt 

edges, II. 5s. 1842. 

Only 500 copies printed, which are now all dispersed. 

'^ Like all Middle-English poems written on the principle of allitera- 
tion, the 'Vision of Pierce Plowman' abounds in philological 
difficulties ; and these are increased by the fact that no satisfac- 
tory edition of the text had yet appeared. The poem itself is 
exceedingly interesting. Whoever the writer was, he wrote well. 
He was a keen observer of human nature ; alive to the abuses 
which prevailed in Church and State at the period when he lived, 
and equally competent and willing to expose them. Along with 
the most pungent satire and the sternest invective there are inter- 
spersed, throughout his work, passages of a different character — 
touches exhibiting a deep perception of the gentler feelings of 
human nature—lines which in harmony and grace and beauty, 
would not suffer by a comparison with the more admired produc- 
tions of the courtly Chaucer." — AthemBum. 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



Digitized by LjOOQ iC 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC 



Digitized by LjOOQ IC
Internet Archive Audio

Featured

Top

Images

Featured

Top

Software

Featured

Top

Books

Featured

Top

Video

Featured

Top

Mobile Apps

Browser Extensions

Archive-It Subscription

Save Page Now

Full text of "A practical grammar of the Arabic language: with interlineal reading lessons ..."

See other formats
