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LUZAC'S ORIENTAL GRAMMARS SERIES.
LUZACS ORIENTAL GRAMMARS SERIES.
Vol. I. Manual of Hebrew Syntax. By J. D.
WlJNKOOP and C. VAN DEN BlESEN. 2S. 6d.
y, II. Manual of Hebrew Grammar. By J. D.
WlJNKOOP and C. VAN DEN BlESEN. 2S. 6d.
„ III. A Modern Persian Colloquial Grammar,
with Dialogues, Extracts from Nasir Eddin
Shah's Diaries, Tales, etc., and Vocabulary.
By F. Rosen. io^. 6d.
y, IV. Arabic Manual. By F. E. Crow.
ARABIC MANUAL
^ -J O .JOt
ARABIC MANUAL
A COLLOQUIAL HANDBOOK IN THE SYRIAN DIALECT
FOR THE USE OF VISITORS TO SYRIA AND
PALESTINE, CONTAINING A SIMPLIFIED
GRAMMAR, A COMPREHENSIVE ENGLISH AND
ARABIC VOCABULARY AND DIALOGUES.
CAREFULLY
THE PRONUNCIATION
BEING FULLY INDICATED.
BY
F. E. CROW,
LATE H. B. M. VICE-CONSUL AT BEIRUT.
LONDON:
LUZAC & Co.,
PUBLISHERS TO THE INDIA OFFICE
46, Great Russell Street
1901.
PRINTED BY E. J. BRILL, LEYDEN (HOLLAND).
PREFACE.
It is hoped that the present work will supply a want,
which has long been felt by those, who, for purposes
of business or recreation, have been led to visit Syria
and Palestine. The extensive scope of English and
American missionary development, and the yearly in-
crease in the influx of tourists to this country may,
perhaps, render both useful and acceptable any means,
which facilitate the acquisition of colloquial Arabic. This
manual has no classical pretensions and is, by no means
exhaustive. It is intended, merely, as a practical guide
to the spoken language, which may serve to enable
those, who wish to deal directly with the natives, to
do so, without being obliged to have recourse to the
medium of an interpreter. The limited compass of the
book has, necessarily, restricted the selection of the vo-
cabulary, and the words chosen will merely satisfy the
ordinary and most practical requirements. In using it,
allowances must be made for local differences of pro-
nunciation. It should, also, be borne in mind that collo-
quial Arabic is never written, and that both its pronun-
VI PREFACE.
ciation and terminology are loose and undefined. English
characters are used throughout the work, which places
it within the reach of those, who have made no study
of Oriental languages. As regards spelling and pronun-
ciation, a system of transliteration has been adopted,
for purposes of uniformity, but local differences of dia-
lect and the arbitrary disregard, in spoken Arabic, for
the rules, which govern the formation of the classical
language, necessarily preclude an absolutely rigid adher-
ence to it.
I take this opportunity of expressing my grateful
appreciation of the kind assistance which I have re-
ceived, in the compilation of this work, from Dr.
WoRTABET, Messrs. ESPER and FUAD Shqucair and
Mr. CONSTANTINE KliOURI of Beirut, and from Messrs.
Nesif Bey and Michael Meshaka of Damascus.
British Consulate. F. E. C.
Damascus, October i. 1899
CONTENTS.
Page.
Orthography and Pronunciation 3
Etymology lo
Paradigms of Verbs 22
Numerals 58
Prepositions 60
Adverbs 63
Conjunctions 70
Interjections 71
Seasons, Months, and Days of the Week 73
Time 74
English and Arabic Vocabulary 79
Dialogues in English and Arabic 305
ABBREVIATIONS.
a.
adjective.
ad.
adverb.
c.
comparative.
c. p.
collective plural.
com.
common to both genders
con.
conjunction.
contr.
contracted.
d.
dual.
f.
feminine.
imp.
imperfect.
imper.
imperative.
lit.
literally.
m.
masculine.
n.
noun.
neg.
negative.
P-
plural.
p.p.
passive participle.
pass.
passive.
per.
person.
pr.
preposition.
pres. part.
present participle.
pro.
pronoun.
pro. suff.
pronominal suffix.
s.
singular.
sup.
superlative.
V.
verb.
V. a.
active verb.
V. n.
neuter verb.
ARABIC MANUAL.
PART I. GRAMMAR.
ARABIC MANUAL.
I. Grammar.
ORTHOGRAPHY AND PRONUNCIATION.
The oriental character is not used in this little work.
The Arabic letters are represented by their approximate
English equivalents and the transliteration is completed
by figuring the vowel sounds as pronounced. The system
of orthography adopted for this purpose has been fol-
lowed as closely as local differences in pronunciation
will admit. It is, however, not rigid and the aim is
rather to reproduce, as correctly and as intelligibly as
possible, the sound of words as pronounced, than to
give a forced rendering of the Arabic letters by the
substitution of arbitrary equivalents.
Alphabet.
The Arabic alphabet consists of twenty-eight letters,
which are figured throughout the book by the cha-
racters represented in the following table.
ARABIC MANUAL.
Arabic letters.
English
equivalent.
Figured.
elif
a
a, e, i or u (modified according
to the vowel sound).
be
b
b
te
t
t
se
s, th
s or t
jim
ha
J
hh
J
h
khe
kh
kh
dal
d
d
zal or thai
z, th
z
re
r
r
zayn
z
z
sin
s
s
shin
sh
sh
sad
s
s
dad
dd
d
ta
t
t
za
z, th
?
'ain
none
' placed before a vowel (gives
a hollow sound like the at-
tempt to pronounce a vowel
without a consonant).
ghain
fe
f
gh
f
kaf, "af
k ("a)
" when the k sound is omitted,
and k when it is pronounced,
which is rare.
kef
k
k
lam
1
1
mim
m
m
nun
n
n
wow
w, oo
w, u, u or ow
he
h
h
ye
y» i
y or i
GRAMMAR. 5
The hemza is a soft breathing or point of disjunction.
It creates a hiatus before the vowel which it introduces
and its effect is very similar to the sound made when
attempting to pronounce a vowel without a consonant.
It is either a radical letter or an inflection prefixed to
verbs and is joined to the letter elif, which has no
sound of itself in Arabic. When it comes in the middle
of a word it is represented by the breathing ' and has
a sound very similar to the 'ain, e. g.
mu'min a believer,
ma'kulat eatables.
In the vernacular the hemza in the middle of a word
is often replaced by ye e. g. je'iz lawful (pronounced
jeyiz); le'i" proper (pronounced leyi").
Vowel sounds.
The Arabs have only three vowel signs which are
unwritten. They are called fatha, kesra and damma.
The fatha has an open sound like the 'a' in 'ashore',
e. g. hadd a boundary. The kesra has the sound of 'V
in 'in*, e. g. hibr ink. The damma has the sound of 'u*
in 'puir, e. g. kutub books.
As the oriental character is not used in this book, its
object being merely to reproduce the sound of Arabic
words as pronounced by means of a system of transli-
teration, it will be sufficient to note that there are ten
vowel sounds and three compound vowel sounds, for
each of which a specific character has been adopted,
as follows:
a long as in father, far written a
a short „ „ ashore, china „ a
e
french
e
short
i
long
i
short
o
long
o
short
oo
• or u long
u
short
ARABIC MANUAL.
as in egal (like a in fate) written e
V V merit „ e
„ „ marine „ i
« « ill » i
„ „ old w o
« « or » o
V V too „ U
y, V pull r, U
ai, ay is pronounced in this book as in aisle.
ey « « V r, r, V V prey,
ow „ „ ^ „ „ „ „ powder.
Observations on pronunciation.
se (figured s or t) is sometimes pronounced 's', e. g.
suls a third, and sometimes *t', e. g. ti"il heavy. Its
proper pronunciation is 'th' as in 'thick' but it is
rarely heard in conversation,
jim (figured j) is pronounced in Syria like a soft 'g' or
like the *z' in azure,
ha (figured h) has an open guttural sound, somewhat
akin to *kh*.
khe (figured kh) has a deep guttural sound, resembling
the *ch' in the Scotch word loch,
zal or thai (figured z) is generally pronounced *z' on
the plain and 'th', as in 'them', on the mountain. In
some places it is pronounced *d'.
'ain (figured ' before a vowel) has a deep hollow sound,
e. g. 'ind-i with me, I have,
kaf (figured " whei? the *k' sound is omitted and k
when it is pronounced). The *k' sound in this letter
has completely disappeared in most parts of Syria and
GRAMMAR. 7
is only retained among the Druses. It is pronounced
like the Arabic hemza with a deep hollow sound,
e. g. "iddem-i before me; wa"aft I stood; kadir 'ala
kill shey The Almighty.
y followed by a vowel is pronounced as in yes.
•• diaeresis, denotes that the vowel, over which it is
placed, is to be pronounced separately, as in 'naive*,
e. g. t'ai come, (imper. fem.) ; mai water.
The acute accent is used to indicate the letter or
syllable on which the accent falls.
Termination.
In Syria, after the following letters, the final te (called
t6 marbuta or tied te) the sign of the fem. sing, and
the general termination of all fem. words, is changed
into ye in the colloquial language and pronounced short
like the 'y' in merry. It is here written i :
after be
e.g.
darbi
a blow.
t^
»
nebti
a plant.
se
V
ba'asi
a mission.
jim
7>
merji
a meadow.
dal
»
wardi
a rose.
ial
V
khuzi
a helmet.
zayn
n
lowzi
an almond.
sin
V
jilsi
a sitting.
shin
n
nehshi
a bite.
fe
n
rejfi
trembling.
kef
r>
ka'aki
a cake.
lam
V
baghli
a she-mule.
mim
ft
rahmi
mercy.
8 ARABIC MANUAL.
after nun e. g. hafni a handful.
„ wow „ serwi wealth.
„ ye „ zabiyi a gazelle.
Note. These words are properly darbeh, nebteh, ba'aseh,
etc. and darbet, nebtet, ba'aset, etc. before a word
beginning with a vowel.
After the following letters the final te is dropped
altogether and the fatha or open sound of the preceding
syllable is alone pronounced. A fatha always precedes
the sign of the fern. sing, whether te or elif.
after ha
e.g-
tiffeha
an apple.
. khe
n
ferkha
a chicken.
„ sad
n
fursa
an opportunity.
n dad
n
"urda
a loan.
. ta
T>
nu"ta
a dot.
n ?a
r>
lafza
an utterance.
r, *ain
»
bu'*' 'a
a tract of land.
V ghain
»
latgha
a list.
. "af (l^af)
j>
hal"a
a ring.
. he
v
shubha
suspicion..
Note. These words are properly tiffehah, ferkhah, fursah,
etc. and tiffehat, ferkhat, fursat, etc. before a word
beginning with a vowel.
After the letter re the final te is sometimes changed
into ye, pronounced 'i' short as in ill, e. g. kbiri big
(properly kbireh), zghiri small (properly sghireh), and
sometimes omitted altogether, leaving only the fatha of
the preceding syllable, e. g. jerra a jar (properly jerreh
or jerret before a vowel).
In all words, which have the ending of the fern, sing.,
GRAMMAR. 9
the *t' sound of the original termination reappears, when
the word is immediately followed by another word be-
ginning with a vowel, e. g. jneyni the garden.
jneynit al-khuri the priest's garden.
Shortening of words.
The tendency of the spoken language and especially
of the Syrian dialect is to clip the words as much as
possible. Hence the vowel sound, which properly belongs
to the initial letter of a word, is only pronounced when
the second syllable is quiescent (called in Arabic sukun)
and the word would be unintelligible, if it were omitted.
Thus, the kesra belonging to the letter 'k' in kiteb a
book is suppressed and we have instead kteb; sha'ir
barley becomes sh'ir; resasa a bullet becomes rsasa, and
so on. This is especially noticeable in the passive past
participles of certain forms of verbs, in which the middle
radical letter is doubled, when the damma of the first
syllable is invariably dropped, e. g. mkesser broken in
pieces (not mukesser), mshedded tightened [not mushed-
ded), msellem surrendered (not musellem), m'owwad
compensated (fiot mu'owwad).
Note. The pronunciation of vulgar Arabic varies greatly
in different parts of Syria. That adopted in
the grammar and vocabulary is used in Beirut
and the dialogues at the end of the book are
given in the Damascus dialect. The pronunciation
in the coast towns and in most of the Christian
villages of the Lebanon is very similar to that
of Beirut. Among the Druses the sound of *k'
10 ARABIC MANUAL.
in the kaf is invariably preserved but, in other
respects, their pronunciation differs little from
that of the Damascenes. In Beirut, the plain and
parts of the Lebanon elif is usually pronounced
like the French *e' in 'egal' or like the 'a' in
'fate' e. g. uled children, ken there was, msefir a
traveller, de'imen always. Whereas, in Damascus,
it has the sound of 'a' in 'far' e. g. ulad, kan,
msafir, da'imen. The negative particle 'mush'
(composed of ma hu shey) is used in many parts
of Syria but never in Damascus, where they say
'mau'. In Beirut the letter wow is generally pro-
nounced like the 'ow' in 'how', e.g. hown, here;
yowm, a day; jow", a band, etc. while, in Damas-
cus, it has the sound of the 'o' in 'bone', e. g.
hon, yom, jo". The 'ain in 'ind takes a kesra in
Beirut and the Lebanon, e. g. 'ind-i I have, but
in Damascus and other parts it is pronounced
with a fatha, e. g. 'and-i.
Etymology.
The Article.
The Arabs have only one article 'al', which is definite
and is prefixed either to the singular or plural, e. g.
al-ferruj the chicken; p. al-fererij.
When followed by any one of the letters t, d, r, s,
sh, z, n and colloquially j, the sound of the T is assi-
milated to that of the succeeding letter, e. g. as-sit the
lady; at-tilaghraf the telegraph; ash-shighl the work;
az-zuruf the circumstances; aj-jim'a the week.
GRAMMAR. 1 1
The Noun.
There are two genders of nouns in Arabic, masculine
and feminine.
Nouns are feminine either by signification or termi-
nation ; e. g. by signification, imm taiyibi a good mother ;
ikht latifi a pleasant sister; or by termination, e. g.
jneyni kbiri a big garden; uda kwaiyisi a pretty room.
There are three numbers in Arabic, singular, dual, and
plural. The dual is formed from the singular by adding
eyn, e. g. walad a child, dual, waladeyn ; bint a daughter,
dual, binteyn.
In words having a feminine termination the final vowel
is either changed into 't* or a 't' is intercalated before
eyn, e. g. mdini a town, dual, mdinteyn; se'a an hour,
dual, se'ateyn.
When a pronominal suffix follows the dual the final
n disappears, e. g. id a hand, dual, ideyn, my two
hands ideyi; *ain an eye, dual, 'aineyn, your two eyes
*aineyk.
There are two kinds of plurals, regular and irregular
or broken. The regular plural for masculine nouns is
formed from the singular by adding in.
e. g. nejjar a carpenter, p. nejjarin.
khaiyyat a tailor, p. khaiyyatin.
khiddem-ak your servant, p. khiddemin-ak.
The regular plural for feminine nouns ending in *e'
(vulgar i; see introductory note on terminations) or *a'
is formed by changing these letters into at or ^t.
12 ARABIC MANUAL.
e. g. bereki a blessing, p. bereket.
kelbi a female dog, p. kelbet.
hara a house, quarter, p. harat.
ghasseli a washerwoman, p. ghasselet.
The plurals not formed as above are very irregular
and varied, so that a thorough knowledge of them can
only be acquired by practice. Those in common use
will be found in the Vocabulary.
The Adjective.
There are many forms in Arabic for the adjective,
e.g. sahih true; kerim generous; sabur patient; hulu
beautiful, sweet, but there is only one form of adjective
derived from substantives. This is formed by adding i
to the substantive, e.g. ward roses, wardi rosy; shems
the sun, shemsi solar.
The comparative is formed from the positive by pre-
fixing 'a' and lengthening the last syllable of the adjective;
e. g. sihl.
easy, c. as-hal.
heyyin.
„ c. ahwan.
kbir,
big, c. akbar.
tawil,
long, c. atwal.
kwaiyis,
pretty, c. akwas.
'than' is expressed by the preposition min, e. g. beyt-i
akbar min beyt-ak my house is bigger than yours. In
the case of participles, used as adjectives, and various
adjectival forms, which do not readily admit the regular
comparative, the latter is formed by adding the word
aktar, the comparative of ktir much.
GRAMMAR. 1 3
e. g. meshghul busy, c. meshghul aktar.
ikhtiyar old, c. ikhtiyar aktar.
*atshen thirsty, c. 'atshen aktar.
defien warm, c. defien aktar.
Comparative measure as to the difference in quality
of various objects is expressed by adding the prepo-
sition bi, e. g. al-hawa akhaf min al-mai bi ktir, air is
much lighter than water.
The superlative is formed by adding the article to
the comparative, e. g. ahsan better, sup. al-ahsan ; akbar
bigger, sup. al-akbar, or by adding the article to the
word following, e. g. ahsan an-nes, the best of men ; hui
akbar al-kill (akbar min al-kill), he is the greatest of all.
The adjective agrees with the noun in gender and
number.
The feminine of adjectives is formed by adding 'a' or
'e' to the masculine, the e being changed in the Syrian
dialect into ye pronounced i {see hitroductory note on
terminations). The feminine is figured short i or a.
e. g. kwaiyis f. kwaiyisi pretty,
taiyib f. taiyibi good,
mabsut f. mabsuta well, happy.
When an adjective stands next to a substantive with
which it agrees, it is placed after the substantive and
not before it, e. g. jneyni kwaiyisi, a pretty garden.
Adjectives denoting colour form their feminine as
follows ;
14
ARABIC MANUAL.
abyad
white,
f. baida.
asfar
yellow,
f. safra.
ahmar
red.
f. hamra.
akhdar
green,
f. khadra.
azra"
blue,
f. zer"a.
(aswad) aswid
black.
f. sowda.
The plural of adjectives like that of nouns is regular
or irregular and is formed in the same way. Adjectives
of relation formed from nouns and ending in 'i' form
their plural by adding the feminine termination ye, e. g.
fransewi french, p. fransewiyi. Rjel fransewiyi or franse-
wiyin Frenchmen.
Note. They say in Arabic beyt 'aali, a high house; al-
beyt al-'aali, the high house ; al-beyt 'aali, the house
is high.
Colloquially the adjective is often placed in the mas-
culine plural with nouns which are feminine or with
broken plurals, thus violating the rule of the written
language.
e. g. nisw^n taiyibin good women,
(benet) benat kwaiyisin pretty girls.
al-kutub lezizin the books are interesting.
Cases.
No use is made colloquially of the case endings. The
relation of words to one another in a sentence is de-
termined by their respective positions or by means of
a preposition. The following examples will sufficiently
illustrate this:
Genitive, Ija ahad khiddemin al-"onsul. One of the
GRAMMAR. 1 5
Consul's servants came (lit : there came one of the
servants of the Consul).
a'ala jibel ad-dunia. The highest mountain in the
world (lit : the highest of the mountains of the world).
'aded sukken beled an-nemsa. The number of the
population (lit: inhabitants) of the country of Austria.
beyt at-tejir u jneynt-uh. The merchant's house and
garden (lit : the house of the merchant and his garden).
se'at Yusuf aj-jdidi. Joseph's new watch (lit : the
watch of Joseph the new one).
bwebet al-medini. The town gates (lit: the gates
of the town).
beb khasheb. A wooden door (lit : a door of wood),
'ati-ni kibbeyi mai". Give me a glass of water, safteyn
ashjar. Two rows of trees.
A common way of expressing the genitive is by
the use of the word 'teb'a', belonging or appertaining to.
e. g. al-beyt teb'a sherik-i. The house of my partner
(lit: belonging to my partner).
al-kiteb teb'a Butros. Peter's book (lit: the
book belonging to Peter),
al-mifteh teb'a as-sandu". The key of the box
(lit: the key belonging to the box),
haida mush tcb'ai. This is not mine (lit : this
does not belong to me).
Some, one of, is expressed by ba'ad followed by the
article, e.g. ba'ad an-nes, some people; ba'ad at-tij jar,
one of the merchants; ba'ad al-liy^li, one night.
Dative. The dative is formed by means of the prepo-
sition ila (li) to. When the word is preceded by the
article al, the *a' of the article disappears before the
preposition.
1 6 ARABIC MANUAL.
e.g. khud hal-kirsi lil-beyt, take this chair to the house,
hal-hisan lil-bey'a, this horse is for sale,
khud haj-jurnel Hr-rijjel, take this newspaper to
the man.
Vocative. The vocative is formed by adding the inter-
jection ya to the noun,
e. g. ya abu-na ! O our father ! (used to priests),
ya habib-i ! O my friend !
ya 'y^^"i • O my eyes! (a term of endearment).
Ablative. The ablative is formed by means of the pre-
positions 'an, of or about, min from, etc.
e. g. tkellamna 'an al-beyt, we spoke about the house,
terjam hal-kiteb min al-'arabi lil-fransewi, he
translated this book from Arabic into French.
The Pronouns.
Personal pronouns are: — ana I; inta (f. inti) [in the
vernacular inti is used for either gender] thou ; hu (hui)
he, it ; hiyi she ; nahn (nahna) we ; intum you ; hum
(f. hinni) they.
Pronominal suffixes are: — i (ni) me or my; ak (f. ik)
thee or thy; uh him, it or his, its; ha (a) her; na us
or our; kum you or your; hum (um) them or their.
When joined to a verb these pronominal suffixes serve
to express the accusative case of the personal pro-
noun, e. g. darab-ni, darab-ak (f. ik), darab-uh (f. ha)
darab-na, darab-kum, darab-hum. He struck me, thee,
him, her, us, you, them.
When joined to nouns and other words they serve as
possessive pronouns, e. g. kiteb-i, kiteb-ak (f. ik), kiteb-
uh (f. ha), kiteb-na, kiteb-kum, kiteb-hum my, thy,
his, her, our, your, their book.
GRAMMAR. 1 7
They also serve as reflexive pronouns when joined to
the word zet self, e. g. zet-i, zet-ak (f. ik), zet-uh (f. ha,
a), zet-na, zet-kum, zet-hum myself, thyself, himself, etc.
They are also joined to many adverbs, prepositions and
particles, such as weyn where; m'a with; min from;
minshen for; beyn between; "iddem in the presence
of; 'ind by or with, etc., e. g. weyn-ak where are you ?
m'a-uh with him ; min-ha from her ; minshen-na for us ;
beyn-kum between you; "iddem-hum before them;
*ind-i with me; 'ind-ak with you; 'ind-uh with him.
The personal pronouns are sometimes added to the pro-
nominal suffixes, when the latter are preceded by a
preposition or a noun for the sake of emphasis, e. g.
il-li ana to me myself; il-luh hui to him himself;
kiteb-i ana my own book.
The pronominal suffixes are joined to the cardinal num-
bers, e. g. itneyn-kum you two ; tletit-na we three ;
wahd-i I alone.
When a verb is followed by two personal pronouns, as
in the sentence 'He brought it me', the indirect object
is placed immediately after the verb and the word
ye is prefixed to the direct object.
e. g. b*ati-h yeh lit : I will give him it.
'atat-hum yeh „ She gave them it.
'atu-ni yeha ^ They gave me it (f).
'ati-ha yehum „ Give her them,
jeb-li yeh „ He brought me it.
Reflexive pronouns are expressed by the words z^t, hal
or nefs joined to the pronominal suffixes.
e.g. "atal hal-uh He killed himself,
rah hui bzet-uh He went by himself,
ken ar-rijjel i^t-uh It was the man himself.
2
1 8 ARABIC MANUAL.
Demonstrative pronouns are: — haida (f. haidi) this;
haidak (f. haidik) that; howdi these; haidolik those.
When the demonstrative pronoun is joined to the
article it contracts into hal, e.g. hal-kiteb this book;
hal-bint this girl; hash-shajara this tree; hal-kutub
these books.
But they say haidak al-beyt that house; haidik al-
bint that girl; haidolik an-nes those people.
The relative pronoun 'who, which' has only one form in
conversation, which is uninflected, illi, pronounced
more commonly halli.
e. g. ar-rijjel halli fil-uda. The man who is in
the room,
at-tijjar halli "iddem-kum. The merchants who
are before you.
al-uled halli jit inta u y^hum. The children with
whom you came.
Interrogative pronouns are: — min who, whom? limin
whose, to whom? esh, shu which, what? ay (eni) which
one, what?
e. g. min hownik, who is there? min shuft (inti), whom
did you see? limin hal-beyt, whose house is
this? limin "ilt, whom did you tell? ay kiteb,
what book? shu al mes'eH, what is the matter?
The Negative.
The negative is expressed by the words ma 'not', la
'no' and mush (a contraction of ma hu shey) or mau
'nothing' e. g. La, ana ma kint hownik. No, I was not there.
Ana mush mabsut, I am not well. The syllable sh (a
contraction of shey thing) is in parts of Syria frequently
GRAMMAR. 1 9
added to give emphasis but is never heard in Damascus,
e. g. Ma intish mabsut. You are not at all well. Ana ma
kintish hownik. I was not there. An-nahr, ma hush *arid.
The river is not wide.
The Verb 'to have'.
The present tense of the verb 'to have* is formed by-
means of a preposition and the pronominal suffixes, and
the past tense is formed by adding to the present the
3rd pers. sing, of the past tense of the verb ken *to be'.
Present.
'ind-i khibz I have (lit : there is with me) bread,
'ind-ak (f. ik) lahm Thou hast „ „ „ thee) meat,
'ind-uh (f. ha) imbid He has (she has) „ „ him) wine.
*ind-na bird"an We have „ are „ us) oranges,
'ind-kum fweki You have » 7, » you) fruit,
'ind-hum tiffeh They have „ are „ them) apples.
Past.
ken 'ind-i injas I had (lit: there were with me) pears,
ken 'ind-ak (f. ik) dirre" Thou hadst „ „ „ thee) peaches,
ken 'ind-uh (f. ha) kerez He had (she had) „ „ him) cherries,
ken 'ind-na jowz We had v i> v us) walnuts,
ken 'ind-kum khowkh You had v rt v yo") plums.
k6n *ind-hum 'inib They had „ „ „ them) grapes.
The future tense is formed in the same way, by adding
the 3«"d pers. sing, future tense of the verbs ken 'to be'
or sir 'to become' to the prepositions li (ila) 'to' or 'ind
'with* jpined to the pronominal suffixes.
20 ARABIC MANUAL.
e. g. yekun (bikun) or yesir (bisir) li or 'ind-i
I shall have (lit: there will be to me),
yekun (bikun) or yesir (bisir) lak f. lik or 'ind-ak f. ik
Thou shalt have,
yekun (bikun) or yesir (bisir) luh f. la or 'ind-uh f. ha
He (she) shall have,
yekun (bikun) or yesir (bisir) il-na or 'ind-na
We shall have,
yekun (bikun) or yesir (bisir) il-kum or 'ind-kum
You shall have,
yekun (bikun) or yesir (bisir) lum or 'ind-hum
They shall have.
The Verb 'to be'.
The present tense of the verb 'to be' is formed by
means of the personal pronoun and an adjective, verbal
adjective or participle used as an adjective, e. g.
ana mabsut f. mabsuta. I am well,
inti keslen. Thou art lazy,
hui f. htyi meshghul f. meshghula. He (she) is busy,
nahna so'ada. We are fortunate,
intum ta'isin. You are unlucky.
hum f. hinni mahzunin. They are sad.
The other tenses are conjugated as follows from the
verbs ken 'to be' or sir 'to become' e. g.
Future.
akun (bkun) z'al^n I shall be angry,
tekun f. tekuni (btkun f.btkuni) 'atshen Thou wilt be thirsty,
yekun f. tekun (bikun f.bitkun) defien He (she) will be warm.
GRAMMAR.
21
nekun (minkun) mesrurin We shall be pleased,
tekunu (btkunu) mkhaiyerin You will be puzzled,
yekunu (bikunu) meskinin They will be miserable.
Past.
kint t'aben I was tired.
kint f. kinti neyim f. neyimi Thou wert asleep.
ken f. kenet zghir f. zghiri He (she) was young.
kinna tai'yin We were obedient.
kintum (kintu) jein You were coming.
kenu raihin They were going.
Note. In Syria the letter *b' is prefixed to all persons
sing, and pi. of the present tense except to the
I St pers. plural when the letter *m' replaces *b'.
Imperative.
kun 'a"il Be quiet, sensible,
(neg.) ma (la) tkun bulit Do not be noisy.
The Verb 'to become*.
Present or Fut
ure.
Past.
asir (bsir)
I become
(I shall become)
tesir f. tesiri (btsir f.
btsiri)
Thou
becomest etc.
yesir f. tesir (bisir f.
bitsir)
He (she)
becomes „
nesir (minsir)
We
become „
tesiru (btsiru)
You
become „
yesiru (bisiru)
They
become „
Past.
sirt I became.
sirna
We became.
sirt (f. i) Thou becamest.
sirtum (u)
You became.
sar (f. sarat) He (she) became.
saru They became.
22 arabic manual.
Imperative.
S. 2. sir Become.
P. 2. siru „
(neg.) ma (la) tsir Do not become.
The Verb.
In dealing with so complex a subject as the Arabic
verb, reference to its theoretical construction or to the
elaborate rules, which govern its formation, has been
purposely omitted. Ample information on the subject
will be found in any treatise on Arabic grammar by
those who contemplate a deeper study of the language.
The majority of Arabic verbs are formed from three,
and a few from four radical letters. The root of the
verb is the 3rd pers. sing, of the past tense. From this
root other forms are regularly derived by the addition
to the stem of certain prefixes, affixes or infixes. The
meaning of each derivative varies according to its form
and is fully conjugated.
The various derivative forms, as used colloquially in
Syria, are, as far as is possible in so small a work,
embodied in the Vocabulary and the vocal inflections
are written as pronounced. Practice alone can render
the learner familiar with these forms and inflections,
and rules regarding them would only burden the me-
mory of a beginner. As the present work has no clas-
sical pretensions and is merely intended to meet the
practical requirements of those who wish to learn enough
of the spoken language to enable them to hold direct
intercourse with the natives of the country, without
GRAMMAR. 23
employing the medium of an interpreter, it will be
sufficient for ordinary conversational purposes to give a
few paradigms of verbs, which are likely to be of ge-
neral use and which sufficiently indicate the peculia-
rities of the Syrian dialect. These may serve as rough
models for the rest.
To WRITE.
Infinitive or Noun of action. Participle or Noun of agent.
kit^bi the (act of) writing, ketib f. k^tibi p. ketibin a writer.
Present or Future.
(I write or I shall or will write, etc.).
m. com. f.
biktub
btiktub btiktubi
byiktub bitiktub
mniktub
btiktubu
byiktubu
Note. In Syria the letter 'b' is prefixed to all persons
sing, and pi. of this tense except to the ist pers.
pi. when 'm* takes the place of 'b*. In dependent
sentences or when preceded by another verb these
prefixes are omitted.
The dual is not used in conversation and is
thus omitted throughout.
In order to give this tense the exact signification of
the present, e. g. I am writing, the participle or noun
24 ARABIC MANUAL.
of agent 'ammal doing, often contracted into 'amm, is
commonly added to it without inflection.
Present.
(I am writing, etc.).
m. com. f.
II. *ammal ('amm) biktub
2. 'ammal (*amm) btiktub 'ammal ('amm) btiktubi
3. 'ammal ('amm) byiktub 'ammal (*amm) bitiktub
I. 'ammal ('amm) mniktub
P. 2. 'ammal ('amm) btiktubu
3. 'ammal ('amm) byiktubu
Note. The present can also be expressed by means of
the personal pronoun joined to a present parti-
ciple, e.g. ana raih I am going; raihin we are
going, or to a verbal adjective, e. g. ana 'atshen
I am thirsty.
The exact signification of the future is commonly
expressed by the word bedd (bidd) contracted from bi
wudd 'it is the desire of ... , joined to the pronominal
suffixes and placed before the present tense. The prefix
*b' attached to the verb is more correctly dropped in
this locution but is generally retained in the vulgar
language.
Future.
(I will, am about to or wish to write, etc.).
m. com. f.
II. bedd-i iktub
2. bedd-ak tiktub bedd-ik tiktubi
3. bedd-uh yiktub bedd-a tiktub
GRAMMAR.
25
P.
P.
bedd-na niktub
bedd-kum tiktubu
bedd-hum yiktubu
Past.
(I wrote or have written, etc.).
m.
katabt
katab
com.
katabt
katabna
katabtu
katabu
f.
katabti
katabet
Imperative.
(Write).
m. com. f.
S. 2. uktub (ktub) uktubi (ktibi)
P. 2. uktubu (ktubu)
Note. The ist pers. plural imperative is taken from the
present or future tense, e. g. niktub hal-mektub,
let us write this letter (the prefix 'm' is omitted).
The 2nd person of the imperative, when used
negatively, is taken from the same tense with the
addition of the negative particle ma or more
correctly la, e.g. ma (la) tiktub hal-mektub, do not
write this letter (the prefix 'b' is omitted).
The imperfect is formed from the present or future
tense by adding the verb k^n with or without 'ammal.
26 arabic manual.
Imperfect.
(I was writing or I used to write, etc.).
m. com. f.
!i. kint ('ammal) biktub
2. kint ('ammal) btiktub kinti ('ammal) btiktubi
3. ken ('ammal) byiktub kenet ('ammal) bitiktub
!i. kinna ('ammal) mniktub
2. kintu ('ammal) btiktubu
3. kenu ('ammal) byiktubu
The pluperfect is formed from the past by adding the
verb k^n.
S.
P.
Pluperfect.
(I
had written, etc.).
m.
com. f.
I.
kint katabt
2. kint katabt
kinti katabti
3. k^n katab
kenet katabet
I.
kinna katabna
2.
kintu katabtu
3.
kenu katabu
Conditional.
The formation of the conditional present and past by
means of ken used with the present or future tense or
with the past will be seen from the following examples.
I. If the weather is fine
to-morrow I shall go to
the country.
I. Izaken at-ta"s hulu bukra
bitl'a al-berriyi.
GRAMMAR.
27
2. If I should go to France
I will let you know.
3. Although you are going
to Dubbaieh you can
write the letter before
you start.
4. I would go with you if
I had time.
5. If you would go with
me I should be glad.
6. He would have gone
with us if we had told
him.
7. If you had been ready
I would have taken you
with me in the carriage.
8. The minister would have
given him the post if he
had asked for it.
9. I hoped that you would
have come here.
10. I do not know whether
I shall go to the moun-
tains to-morrow or not.
2. Izakint bruh ila Fransa
b'arrif-ak.
3. M'a in-nak raih ila
Dbbaiyi bti'Mir tiktub
al-mektub "abl ma truh.
4. Kint bruh m'a-ak low
ken m'a-i wa'*t.
5. Low kint btruh m'a-i
kint ibkun mabsut.
6. Ken biruh m'a-na low
"ilneluh.
7. Low kint hadir kint
bekhd-ak m*a-i bil-'ara-
biyi.
8. Ken al-wdzir 'ata-h al-
merkez (al-matrah) low
ken talab-uh.
9. T'immelt in-nak btkun
jit lahown.
10. Ma b'arif izakint briih
*aj-jebel *) biikra am la.
i) Contracted from 'ala aj-j6bel.
The passive.
The passive, properly speaking, with the exception
of the past participle, e. g. maksur broken, maktub
written, is not much used in conversation, as the Arabs
prefer to give an active rendering to their sentences,
e. g. the old woman whose son was killed, is rendered
28
ARABIC MANUAL.
in Arabic by, al-ikhtiyara halli "atalu ibn-a (lit: the
old woman of whom they killed her son). A passive
signification is however given to active verbs by adding
the syllable 'in' and this form is in frequent use, e. g.
katab he wrote; inkatab it is written.
keshef he uncovered; inkeshef it is uncovered.
sha" he split; insha" it is split.
j6rah he wounded ; injerah he is wounded.
wajad he found; inwajad it is found.
keser he broke; inkeser it is broken.
There is also another form of the passive derived
from the active verb, e.g. "at'a he cut; ta"att'a he was
cut in pieces. This is however rarely employed in con-
versation.
The regular form of the present or future and past
tenses passive, which only differ from the active by the
substitution of damma for fatha or kesra in the first
syllable, is as follows.
To BE KILLED.
Present or Future.
(I am or shall be killed, etc.).
s.
m.
com.
f.
I.
bu"tal
2.
btu"tal
btu"tali
3-
byu"tal
bitu"tal
I.
minu"tal
2.
btu"talu
3-
byu"talu
GRAMMAR.
29
S.
P.
m.
'utilt
'util
Past.
(I was killed, etc.).
com.
"utilt
'utilna
'utiltu
'utilu
f.
'utilti
'utilet
The following verbs in common use are conjugated
in a brief form. With the help of the preceding para-
digms the reader will be able to supply the remaining
tenses.
S.
TO COME.
Imperative.
m.
Sing. 2. Ta'a (Come).
Present.
m.
btiji
byiji
f.
Ta'ai
f.
com.
biji (I come, will come, etc.).
btiji
bitiji
mniji
btiju
byiju
30
S.
s.
p.
m.
ija
ARABIC MANUAL.
Past.
com. f.
jit (I came, etc.).
jiti
ijit
jina
jitu
iju
TO GO.
Imperative.
Sing. 2.
m.
ruh (Go).
m.
btruh
biruli
Present.
com.
f.
ruhi
f.
bruh (I go, will go, etc.).
btruhi
bitruh
m.
mnruh
btruhu
biruhu
Past,
com.
I.
2.
3-
riht (ruht)
rah
riht (ruht) (I went, etc.).
rihti (ruhti)
rahit
I.
2.
3-
rihna (ruhna)
rihtu (ruhtu)
rahu
GRAMMAR.
31
TO STOP (Transitive).
Imperative.
m.
Sing. 2. wa" "if (Stop).
Present.
f.
wa""ifi
P.
m.
btwa""if
biwa""if
com. 1.
bwa""if (I stop, will stop, etc.).
btwa""ifi
bitwa""if
mnwa""if
btwa""ifu
biwa""ifu
m.
wa""aft
wa""af
Past.
com.
f.
wa""aft (I stopped, etc.).
wa""afti
wa""afat
wa""afna
wa""aftu
wa""afu.
m.
TO SIT.
Imperative.
Sing. 2. u'"d. (Sit).
u"'uddi.
32
S.
P.
S.
m.
btu"'ud
byu'*'ud
m.
"a'adt
"a'ad
ARABIC MANUAL.
Present.
com. f.
bu"'ud (I sit, will sit, etc.).
btu"'udi
bitu"'ud
mnu"*ud
btu'"udu
byu"'udu
Past,
com.
f.
a adt (I sat, etc.).
"a'adti
"a*adat
"a'adna
"a'adtu
"a'adu
TO STAND UP.
Imperative.
m.
Sing. 2. "um. (Stand up).
f.
*umi.
S.
P.
m.
bf'um
bi"um
Present.
com.
f.
b"um (I stand up, etc.).
bf'umi
bif'um
min"um
bt umu
bi"umu
s.
p.
s.
p.
GRAMMAR.
33
.
Past.
m.
com.
f.
I.
"umt (I stood up, etc.).
2. "umt
"umti
3. "am
"amat
I.
"umna
2.
"umtu
3.
"amu
TO ASCEND, GO OR COME UP.
Imperative.
m.
f.
Sing. 2. tl'a (Go
up).
Present.
tl'ai
m.
com.
f.
I.
bitl'a (I go,
will go up, etc.)
2. btitl'a
btitl'i
3. byitl'a
bititl'a
I.
mnitl'a
2.
btitl'au
3-
byitl'au
Past.
m.
com.
I.
tl'at (I went up, etc.).
2.
tl'at
tl'ati
3-
tfl'ia
tfl'iat
I.
trana
2.
tl'atu
3.
til'iu
34 ARABIC MANUAL.
TO DESCEND, GO or COME DOWN.
Imperative.
S.
P.
m.
f.
Sing.
2. inzel (Go
down).
Present.
inzelli
m.
com.
f.
I.
binzel (I
go,
will go down, etc.)
2.
btinzel
btinzeli
3-
I.
byinzel
mninzel
bitinzel
2.
btinzelu
3-
byinzelu
P.
Past.
m. com.
I.
nzilt (I went
down, etc.).
2.
nzilt
nzilti
3-
nfzil
nizlit
I.
nzilna
2.
nziltu
3-
nizlu
TO EAT.
Imperative.
m.
f.
Sing.
2. kol.
(Eat).
kili.
s.
p.
s.
p.
m.
btekol
byekol
m.
akelt
akel
GRAMMAR.
Present.
com, f.
bekol (I eat, will eat, etc.).
btekoli
bitekol
mnekol
btekolu
byekolu
Past.
com. f.
akelt (I ate, etc.).
akelti
akelit
akelna
akeltu
akelu
35
S.
P. 2
' 3
m.
TO DRINK.
Imperative.
Sing. 2. shrab (Drink).
Present,
m. com.
f.
shrabi
f.
bishrab (I drink, will drink, etc.).
btishrab btishrabi
byishrab bitishrab
mnishrab
btishrabu
byishrabu
36
ARABIC MANUAL.
. Past.
m.
com.
f.
I.
shribt (I drank, etc.).
S.
2.
shribt
shribti
3-
shirib
shiribit
1^:
shribna
P.
shribtu
1 3.
m.
shiribu
TO PUT.
Imperative.
f.
Sing.
2. hutt
(Put.).
Present.
hutti
m.
com.
f.
1 '•
bhutt (I put,
will put, etc.)
s.'
: 2-
bthutt
bthutti
f 3.
bihutt
bithutt
I.
minhutt
p.
1 ^'
3-
bthuttu
bihuttu
Past.
m.
com.
S.
P.
I.
hattait (hatteyt) (I put, etc.).
2.
hattait
hattaiti
3-
hatt
hattat
I.
hattaina
2.
hattaitu
3.
hattu
GRAMMAR. 37
TO SAY, TELL.
Imperative.
m.
1.
ing. 2. "il (Tell).
"iUi
Present.
P.
s.
p.
m. com. f.
bi"il (bi"ul) (I tell, will tell, etc.).
bf'il (bf'ul) bf'ili (bf'uli)
bi"il (bi"ul) bif'il (bif'ul)
min"il (min"ul)
bf'ilu (bf'ulu)
bi"ilu (bi"ulu)
Past.
m.
"ilt
"al
com. f.
"ilt ("ilit) (I told, etc.)
"ilti
"alit
"ilna
"iltu
"alu
TO DO, MAKE.
Imperative.
Sing 2.
m.
'amul
f.
Camd) (Do). *amili
38 ARABIC MANUAL.
Present.
m. com. f.
!i. b'amil (I do, will do, etc.).
2. bt'amil bt'amili
3. bi'amil bit'amil
!i. mn'amil
2. bt'amilu
3. bi'amilu
Past,
m. com. f.
S.
'amilt (I did, etc.).
'amilt
'amilti
'emil
'^mlit
*amilna
'amiltu
'emlu
TO RETURN (comeback).
Imperative.
m. f.
Sing. 2. rj'a (rje*a) (Return). rj'ai
Present.
m. com. f.
birj'a (I return, will return, etc.).
btirj'a btirj'i
byirj'a bitirj'a
S. 2
' 3
P. 2
mnirj a
btirj'au
byirj'au
m.
GRAMMAR. 39
Past,
com. f.
S. 2
' 3
P. 2
rj'at (rj'et) (I returned, etc.).
rj'at rj'ati
ri'j'a rij'et
rj'ana
rj 'atu
rfj'au
TO RETURN (give back).
Imperative.
m. f.
Sing. 2. rajj'a (Give back). rajj'i
Present.
S.\ 2
3
P.J 2
3
S. I 2
3
I
2
3
m. com. f.
brajj'i (I give back, will give back, etc.).
btrajj'i btrajj'i
birajj*i bitrajj'i
minrajj*i
btrajj'iu
birajj'iu
Past.
m. com. f.
raj j 'at (I gave back, etc.).
raj j 'at rajj'ati
rajj'a rdjj*at
raj j 'ana
raj j 'atu
rdjj'au
40 ' ARABIC MANUAL.
TO TAKE.
Imperative.
Sing.
m.
2. khud (khod). (Take).
f.
khudi
Present.
s.
p.
I.
m.
btekhud
byekhud
com. f.
bekhud I take, will take, etc.)
btekhudi
bitekhud
mnekhud
btekhudu
byekhudu
S. 2
' 3
Hi
Past.
m. com. f.
akhadt (I took, etc.).
akhadt akhadti
akhad akhadat
akhadna
akhadtu
akhadu
TO GIVE.
Imperative.
m. f.
Sing. 2. 'ati (Give). 'ati
GRAMMAR. 4 1
Present.
m. com. f.
ii. b'ati (I give, will give, etc.).
2. bt'ati bt'ati
3. by'ati . bit*ati
!i. mn*ati
2. bt'atu
3. by'atu
Past,
m. com. f.
S. 2.
3.
TO TAKE AWAY, REMOVE.
Imperative.
'atait ('ateyt) (I gave, etc.).
*atait
'ataiti
'ata
'atat
'ataina
'ataitu
'atu
S. 2.
.1;
m.
f.
. shil (Take away).
shili
Present.
m. com.
f.
bshil (I take away.
will take away, etc.).
btshil
btshili
bishil
bitshil
minshil
btshilu
bishilu
42
S.
P.
ARABIC MANUAL.
Past.
m.
shilt
shd
com. f.
shilt (I took away, etc.).
shilti
shelit
shilna
shiltu
shelu
TO LEAVE, LET, ALLOW.
Imperative.
P.
m.
f.
Sing.
2. khalli
(Let). khalli
Present.
m.
com. f.
I ^'
bkhalli (I let, will let, etc.)
2.
btkhalli
btkhalli
' 3.
bikhalli
bitkhalli
minkhalli
2.
btkhallu
' 3.
bikhallu
s.
m.
khallait
khalla
Past.
com.
khallait (khalleyt) (I let, etc.).
khallaiti
khallat
khallaina
khallaitu
khallu
GRAMMAR.
43
TO BRING.
Imperative.
m.
f.
Sing.
2. jib (Bring).
jibi
Present.
m.
com.
f.
I.
2.
3-
I.
2.
3.
btjib
byijib
bjib (I bring, will bring, etc.).
btjibi
bitijib
minjib
btjibu
bijibu
s.
p.
Past.
m. com. f.
ii. jibt (I brought, etc.).
2. jibt jibti
3. j^b jebet
!i. jibna
2. jibtu
3. j^bu
TO BEGIN.
Imperative.
m. f.
Sing. 2. bellish (Begin). bellshi
44
S.
P.
^!i
p. I 2
' 3
ARABIC MANUAL.
Present.
m. com. f.
bbellish (I begin, will begin, etc.).
btbellish btbellshi
bibellish bitbellish
minbellish
btbellishu
bibellishu
m.
bellesht
ballesh
Past.
com.
f.
bellesht (I began, etc.).
belleshti
balleshet
belleshna
belleshtu
balleshu
S.
P.
m.
TO FINISH.
Imperative.
Sing. 2. khallis (Finish).
Present.
m. com.
f.
khallsi
f.
bkhallis (I finish, will finish, etc.).
btkhallis btkhallsi
bikhallis bitkhallis
minkhallis
btkhallisu
bikhallisu
m.
khallast
khallas
GRAMMAR.
Past.
com. f.
khallast (I finished, etc.).
khallasti
khallasna
khallastu
khallasu
khallaset
45
S.
P.
TO CUT.
Imperative.
m.
Sing. 2. "uss (Cut).
m.
bt"uss
bi"uss
m.
*assait
*assa
Present.
com.
f.
*ussi
f.
b"uss (I cut, will cut, etc.).
bt"ussi
bit"uss
min*'uss
bt"ussu
bi"ussu
Past.
com.
f.
'assait (I cut, etc.).
*'assaiti
*. "dssat
'assaina
'assaitu
*dssu
46 ARABIC MANUAL.
TO MEND.
Imperative.
m.
f.
Sing.
2. sallih
(Mend).
Present.
sallhi
m.
com.
f.
I.
bsallih (I mend, will mend, etc.)
2.
btsallih
btsallhi
3-
bisallih
bitsallih
I.
minsallih
2.
btsallihu
3.
bisallihu
S. I 2
Past.
m. com. f.
sallaht (I mended, etc.).
sallaht sallahti
sallah sallahat
sallahna
sallahtu
sallahu
TO BREAK.
Imperative.
m.
f.
Sing. 2. ksur (Break). ksuri
GRAMMAR.
Present.
47
m.
btiksur
byiksur
m.
com. f.
biksur (I break, will break, etc.).
btiksuri
bitiksur
miniksur
btiksuru
byiksuru
Past.
com. f.
I.
kesert (I
broke, etc.).
S. 2.
kesert
keserti
3-
keser
keserat
I.
keserna
P. j 2.
kesertu
^ 3-
keseru
TO LOSE.
Imperative.
m.
f.
Sing.
2. khsar (L
ose).
Present.
khsari
m.
com.
f.
Mi:
bikhser (I
lose, will lose, etc.).
btikhser
btikhseri
byikhser
bitikhser
I '•
minikhser
'
p. 2.
btikhseru
' 3-
byikhseru
48 ARABIC MANUAL.
Past.
m. com. f.
khsirt (I lost, etc.).
khsirt khsirti
khasir khasiret
khsirna
P. ( 2. khsirtu
khasiru
TO FIND,
Imperative.
m. f.
Sing. 2. ujad (Find). ujadi
Present.
m. com. f.
bujad (I find, will find, etc.).
btujad btujadi
ii
byujad bitujad
mnujad
btujadu
byujadu
Past.
f.
P.'
m. com.
wajadt (I found, etc.).
wajadt wajadti
ajad wajadet
wajadna
wajadtu
wajadu
w
GRAMMAR.
49
TO CHANGE, (transitive).
Imperative.
m.
Sing. 2. ghaiyir (Change).
Present.
S. 2
Hi
S.
P.
ghaiyiri
f.
m. com.
bghaiyir (I change, will change, etc.).
btghaiyir btghaiyiri
bighaiyir
m.
ghaiyert
ghaiyir
minghaiyir
btghaiyiru
bighaiyiru
Past,
com.
bitghaiyir
f.
ghaiyert (I changed, etc.).
ghaiyerti
ghaiyeret
ghaiyerna
ghaiyertu
ghaiyerti
m.
TO SEND.
Imperative.
Sing. 2. b'at (Send).
f.
b'ati
50
ARABIC MANUAL.
Present.
I.
m.
com. f.
bib'at (I send, will send, etc.)
S.
2.
btib'at
btib'ati
3.
byib*at
bitib*at
1
I.
mnib'at
P.
2.
btib'atu
'
3-
byib'ata
Past.
m.
com.
S.
P.
I '•
ba'att (I
sent, etc.).
2.
ba'att
ba'atti
' 3.
ba'at
ba'atet
I ''
ba*atna
1 ^*
ba'attu
' 3-
ba'atu
TO PAY.
Imperative.
m.
f.
Sing.
2. df'a (Pay).
df'ai
Present.
m.
com.
f.
( '•
bidf'a (I
pay, will pay, etc.)
"•
btidf'a
btidf'ai
' 3.
byidf'a
bitidf'a
1 ^•
minidf'a
2.
btidf'au
3-
byidf'au
s.
p.
GRAMMAR.
Past.
m. com. f.
dfa at (I paid, etc.).
dfa'at dfa'ati
def'a def'at
dfa'ana
dfa'atu
def'au
51
m.
TO BUY.
Imperative.
Sing. 2. shtri (Buy).
P.
S.
P.
m.
btishtri
byishtri
m.
shtrait
shtera
Present.
com.
f.
shtri
f.
bishtri (I buy, will buy, etc.).
btishtri
bitishtri
mnishtri
btishtru
byishtru
Past.
com.
f.
shtrait (shtreyt) (I bought, etc.).
shtraiti
sht^rat
shtraina
shtraitu
shtcfru
52
ARABIC MANUAL.
TO SELL.
Imperative.
m.
Sing. 2. bi'a (Sell).
f.
bi'i
S. 2
' 3
m.
btibi'a
bibi'a
p
resent,
com.
f.
bbi'a (I
sell,
will sell,
btibi'i
bitbi'a
etc
minbi*a
btibi'u
bibi'u
s.
p.
m.
b^*ut
b6*a
m.
Past.
com.
Sing. 2. Naddif. (Clean)
be'ut (I sold,
be'ena
be'etu
be'u
etc.).
b^'uti
be'at
TO CLEAN.
Imperative.
(Clean).
f.
naddfi
s.
p.
GRAMMAR.
53
Present.
m.
com.
f.
I.
bnaddif (I
clean, will clean, etc.).
2.
btnaddif
btnaddfi
3-
binaddif
bitnaddif
I.
mnaddif
2.
btnaddifu
3-
binaddifu
Past.
m.
com.
S.
P.
I.
2.
3-
1 ^*
' 3-
naddaft (I cleaned, etc.).
naddaft naddafti
naddaf naddafat
naddafna
naddaftu
naddafu
TO PREPARE.
Sing.
Imperative.
m. f.
2. haddir (Prepare). haddri
Present.
I.
2.
3-
m. com. f.
bhaddir (I prepare, will prepare, etc.)
bthaddir bthaddri
bihaddir bithaddir
minhaddir
bthaddiru
bihaddirO
54
P.
ARABIC MANUAL.
Past.
m. com. f.
haddert (I prepared, etc.
haddert hadderti
hadder hadderet
hadderna
haddertu
hadderu
S.
S.
P.
TO SPEAK.
Imperative.
m.
Sing. 2. hki (Speak).
f.
hki
m.
btehki
byehki
Present.
com. f.
behki (I speak, will speak, etc.).
btehki
bitehki
mnehki
btehku
byehku
Past.
m.
com. f.
hakait (hakeyt) (I spoke, etc.).
hakait hakaiti
haki (fhka) hakit .
hakaina
hakaitu
haku
GRAMMAR,
55
TO HEAR.
Imperative.
m.
Sing. 2. sm'a (Hear).
Present.
f.
sm'ai
m.
btism'a
byism'a
m.
com. f.
bism'a (I hear, will hear, etc.
btism'i
bitism'a
mnism a
btism'au
byism'au
Past,
com.
I.
sma'at (I
heard, etc.).
2.
sma'at
sma'ati
3-
sfmi'a
simi'at
I.
sma'ana
2.
sma'tu
3-
sfmi'u
TO SEE.
Imperative.
m.
f.
>ing
. 2. shuf (
See).
shufi
56
S.
P.
ARABIC MANUAL.
Present.
m.
com.
f.
I.
bshuf (I see,
will see, etc.)
2.
btshuf
btshafi
3-
bishuf
minshuf
bitshuf
2.
btshufu
3-
bishufu
Past.
m.
com.
S.
S.
I.
shuft (I saw.
etc.).
2.
shuft
shufti
3-
shef
sh^fet
I.
shufna
2.
shuftu
3.
shefu
TO KNOW.
Imperative.
m.
f.
Sing.
2. 'arif (K
;^now).
Present.
'arifi
m.
com.
f.
I.
b'arif (I know, will know, etc
2.
bt'arif
bt'arifi
3.
bi'yarif
bit'arif
I.
mn'arif
2.
bt'arifu
3.
biVarifu
s.
p.
GRAMMAR.
57
Past.
m.
com.
f.
( '•
*arift (I knew, etc.).
^•
*arift
*arifti
'3.
'araf
'arafet
( '•
'arifna
2.
'ariftu
U.
'arifu
TO SHOW.
Imperative.
m.
f.
Sing.
2. ferrji (
Show).
Present.
ferrji
m.
com.
f.
I ■•
bferrji (I show, will show, etc.).
h-
btferrji
btferrji
' 3-
biferrji
bitferrji
I '•
minferrji
"
btferrju
' 3-
biferrju
Past.
m.
com.
f.
1 '•
ferrjait (ferrjeyt) (I showed, etc.).
2.
ferrjait
ferrjaiti
' 3-
ferrja
ferrjit
I.
ferrjaina
2.
ferrjaitu
3.
ferrju
58
ARABIC MANUAL.
TO BE ABLE.
Present.
P.
m. com. f.
1. bi"dir (bu"dir) (be'dir) (I can, etc.).
2. bti'*dir (btu'dir) bti"diri (btu"diri)
3. byi'Mir (byu"dir) biti"dir (bitu"dir)
1. mni"dir (mnu"dir)
2. bti'diru (btu *diru)
3. byi"diru (byu"diru)
II
2
3
Hi
Past.
m. com. f.
"edirt (I could, etc.).
'edirt "edirti
'ider ("eder) "fdrit ("edrit)
**edirna
"edirtu
"fdm
NUMERALS.
Cardinal numbers.
1. wehid (ahad).
2. itneyn.
3. tleti.
4. arb*a.
5. khamsi.
6. sitti.
7. seb'a.
8. tmeni.
9. tis*a.
10. 'ashra.
11. hid'ash.
12. itn'ash.
13. tlit'ash.
14. arb'at'ash.
15. khamst'ash.
16. sitt'ash.
17. seb'at'ash.
18. tmunt'ash.
19. tis'at'ash.
20. 'eshrin.
21. wehid u 'eshrin.
GRAMMAR. 59
30. tletin. 800. tmenmiyi.
40. arbe'in. 900. tis'a miyi.
50. khamsin. icx)0. alf.
60. sittin. 1 100. alf u miyi.
70. sebe'in. 1250. alf u miteyn u khamsin.
80. tmenin. 2000. alfeyn.
90. tise'in. 10,000. *ashert elef.
100. miyi. 20,000. 'eshrin alf.
200. miteyn. 100,000. miyet alf.
300. tletmiyi. 200,000. miteyn alf.
400. arb*amiyi. 1,000,000. miliyon.
500. khamsmiyi. 2,000,000. miliyoneyn.
600. sittmiyi. 4,000,000. arb'a melaiyin.
700. seb'amiyi.
The cardinal numbers from 3 to 10 inclusive are
followed by the noun in the plural. All subsequent
numbers are followed by the singular.
e. g. Tlet urtel sikker. Three rottels of sugar.
Arb'a rus kheyl. Four head of horses.
Khamst'ashir ras kheyl. Fifteen head of horses.
^ Ordinal numbers.
I St owwel. 4th rab'i. 7th seb'i. lOth *ashir.
2nd t^ni. 5th khamis. 8th temin.
3rd telit. 6th s^dis. 9th tes*i.
After ten the cardinal numbers are used in conver-
sation instead of the ordinals.
When an ordinal number is used it precedes the
noun, e. g. t6ni marra, the second time.
half, nuss; whole, kill; quarter, rub'a; add, jm*a; mult-
iply, drub; divide, u"sum; subtract, trSh or us^u^.
6o ARABIC MANUAL.
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2
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GRAMMAR. 6 1
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62 ARABIC MANUAL.
^ -^ . <i^ ^ 5 ^
>v
(Dart
fS O Pi. 13 o H-H H^ O O P^ P^ p4 H H < O eu K^D^^
•5 -?
w . rt rt rt CJ
5 •:^ ij: "J S^ ^ : S .2i,^c3 ^ rt c ^ ^- -S 5' -o- ^- :S. tl rt rt
3 ."^ 3 a e ^. cT
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c c°a3*^ o ^ o
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cj
•5
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<u
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cT
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4-*
■4-J
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i3
s.
45
i.
6
2
c/5
^
'O
,
p
u
u
o
'•^
^
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J3
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o c C
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^^
GRAMMAR.
63
ADVERBS.
The following adverbs and adverbial locutions
are in common use.
absurd.
accidentally; by accident.
afterwards.
ago (long).
ahead.
again; besides.
almost.
aloud.
already.
also.
altogether.
always.
anew.
apart.
apparently.
around ; all round.
as.
average (on an).
awake.
backwards.
before.
below.
besides.
better.
beyond everything.
briefly.
certainly; without doubt.
bila m'ana.
bi sudfi; bil-'arad.
b'adeyn.
min zemen.
"iddem.
kamen; b'ad.
"arib.
'al al-'ali.
"ablan.
aidan; kamen.
killun sawa.
de'imen.
min jdid.
'ala wahd-uh (with pro. suff.).
zahiran.
'ala de'ir.
mitl.
'ala m'addal.
we'i; faiyi".
ila wara.
"abl.
taht.
ma'ada; kam^n; fadlan *an.
ahsan.
fow" kill shey (shi).
bil-ikhtisar.
m'alum; ma" fura; ilia.
64
ARABIC MANUAL.
chiefly.
commonly.
comparatively.
completely.
conditionally.
confidently.
constantly.
contrary (on the).
day by day.
day (by).
day (all).
deliberately; slowly.
directly.
double-faced.
doubtless.
downhill.
downstairs.
early; in the morning.
earnest (in).
easily.
endless.
enough.
entirely.
especially.
et-coetera.
even.
ever (for).
exactly.
exceedingly.
excessively.
face to face.
bil-akhas; khususan.
'umumen.
bin-nisbi.
bil-killiyi; tam^men.
'ala shart.
bil-emniyi.
de'imen; 'ala dewam.
bil-'aks; bil-khilaf.
yowm b*ad yowm.
fin-nahar.
kill an-nahar.
'ala mahl-uh (with pro. suflf.).
halan.
bi wejheyn wilseneyn (with
two faces and two tongues).
bila shekk; bidun shubhi.
ila taht; (i nezli.
taht.
bekkir; 'ala bukra ('a bukra).
min jedd.
bis-suhuli.
bila niheyi; ma luh ekhir.
bikeffi (it is sufficient).
bit-temem; bil-kemel.
bi now' khususi; khususan.
ila akhiri.
hatta.
de'imen.
bit-temem.
ktir ktir; lil-ghaiyi.
bi ziedi.
mwajiha.
GRAMMAR. 6
fact (in).
bil-ha"i"a.
far, from afar.
min-be'id.
fast.
bi-sur'a; seri'an.
finally.
bil-ekhir.
first, at first, in the first place
:. owwel; owwelen.
foot (on).
meshi.
force (by).
bil-"uwi; jebran.
formerly, previously.
"ablan.
forwards.
ila "iddem.
future (in).
b*adeyn.
general (in).
'umumen; *itiyadiyen.
gently (slowly).
'ala mahl-uh (with pro. suff.
. (kindly).
bi lutf.
God forbid.
Allah la yismah.
„ (thank).
al-hamd ul-illah.
„ (would to), I hope.
inshallah.
goodbye.
m'as-salemi ; khatir-kum..
halves (in), (by).
bin-nuss.
hardly.
bi s'ubi; bil-kedd.
hence.
min hown.
here.
hown, howni.
here and there.
hown u hown.
hither.
ila hown.
hitherto.
li hadd al-wa"t.
how.
kif (keyf).
however.
m'a ielik.
how many.
kam.
how much.
"add esh.
immediately, at once.
"aw6m; fil-hal.
impunity (with).
bila "isas.
incognito.
mutnekkir.
indeed.
bil-ha"i"a.
66
ARABIC MANUAL.
indirectly.
inside.
inside out.
instance (for).
intentionally.
inwards.
just so.
justly.
land (on).
last (at).
late.
lately, latterly.
lengthwise.
less.
literally.
little by little.
matter (no), never mind.
meanwhile.
merely.
moreover.
namely.
naturally.
nearly.
necessarily.
never, not at all, on no
account,
nevertheless,
not quite,
now.
bil-wasta.
juwwa; dekhil.
'al al-"elb.
meselen (m^telen).
bil-"asd.
ila juwwa.
bit-temem.
bil-'adl; bil-ha"".
'al al-berr.
akhiran.
la"is.
mu'akhiren.
bi-tul.
bin-na"is.
harfiyan.
shwayi shwayi.
ma biseyl.
fi hal-fursa; SX esna.
bes; fa"at.
aidan.
y'ani.
tabi'i.
'*arib; min "arib; ta"riban.
daruri; daruriyen.
abaden.
m*a zelik.
lissa; b'ad ma.
halla" (contr. from haza al-
wa"t, at this time) and issa
(contr. from haza as-se'a, at
this hour).
GRAMMAR. 6/
now and then.
ahiyenen.
now or never.
wa ilia fa la.
now-a-days.
n hal-iyem.
officially.
resmiyen.
often.
ghaliben.
only.
bes; fa^at.
openly, publicly.
jehran (jiharan).
ordinarily.
*adeten.
otherwise.
wa ilia.
outside.
berra; ila berra; min berra.
outwards.
ila berra.
partly — partly.
ba'ad-uh haik-ba*ad-uh haik.
particular (in).
bil-khusus.
per cent.
fil-miyi.
perhaps, possibly.
yumkin; belki (berki).
personally.
bi zet-uh (with pro suflf.).
plainly.
sarihan.
plenty (in).
bi kitra.
positively.
bi t^'ekid.
present (at).
halla"; fiil-hal.
presently.
b'ad shwayi.
privately.
sirran.
probably.
al-arjah.
purpose (on).
"asdan.
quickly.
"aw^m; bil-'ajeli.
quietly.
'ala mahl-uh (with pro. suff.).
quite.
tam^men; bil-killiyi.
random (at).
bila "asd; bila fikr.
rarely.
n^diren.
readily.
*al ar-ras wal-*ain (on head
and eye).
really.
f<^»elen.
68 ARABIC MANUAL.
reason (in).
sawab.
regularly.
haseb al-*'an6n.
repeatedly.
tekraran.
rule (as a).
'adeten.
safely.
m'as-salemi; bil-amen.
same (all the).
sawa; mitl ba'ad-uh.
scarcely.
bil-kedd.
seldom.
nediren.
separately.
wahd-uh wahd-uh.
seriously.
bi jedd.
short (in).
bil-ikhtisar; al-hasil.
shortly, presently.
b'ad "alii; b'ad shwayi.
sideways.
bil-'ard.
simply, solely.
bes; fa"at.
singly.
killwehid wahd-uh.
slowly.
'ala mahl-uh (with pro sufif.).
so, thus.
haik (heyk).
so and so.
fulan (f.) fulani (of persons);
keza wa keza (of things).
softly.
bi hudu.
somehow.
kif ma k^n.
sometimes.
ahiyenen.
somewhere.
a mek^n.
still, yet.
kamen; b'ad.
straight, in a straight line.
rasan; 'ala khatt musta"im.
suddenly.
baghteten: fajaten.
thank-you.
kettir khair-ak; sellim daiyat-
ak (lit. may God preserve
your hands) ; eywah (eywal-
lah).
then.
sum; b'adeyn.
thence.
min hownik.
GRAMMAR. 69
there.
hownik, howniki.
therefore.
li z^lik.
thither.
ila hownik.
time (up to this).
lissa (contr. from li haza as-
se'a, to this hour).
„ (at the same).
fil-wa 't z^t-uh; fi nefs al-wa*'t.
time (in).
fl wa"t-uh.
together.
sawa; ma'an.
too little.
"alii ktir.
too much.
bi ziedi.
totally.
bij-jumH.
truly.
ha" "an.
trust (on).
'al al-ameni.
turn (in).
bid-dowr; bin-nowbi.
unanimously.
bil-ittifa".
unawares.
'ala ghafli.
unexampled.
bila mitel.
unintentionally.
bila "asd.
unwillingly.
ghasban *an-nuh.
up hill.
ila fow"; n tara.
upstairs.
fow".
useless.
*abes ; bila fd'idi ; ma biyinf a
vain (in).
'abes; batilan.
very.
ktir.
well.
taiyib.
what?
esh; shu.
whatever?
esh ma.
when?
aimtin (aimta), eymta.
whenever?
ay wa"t.
whence?
mineyn (mneyn).
where ?
weyn.
wherever.
weyn ma.
^o
ARABIC MANUAL.
whether or no.
iza ow la.
whither ?
liweyn (leyn).
why?
lesh (contr. from li ay shey,
to what thing).
word (in a).
al-hasil; bi kilmi wehdi.
yes.
n'am (said to equals and su-
periors). N'am also means
"what?" or "I beg your par-
don?" when the repetition of
any thing said is desired.
yes certainly, surely.
eh (said to inferiors) ; ey n'am
(ay n*am); eywah (aywah)
contr. from ay wallah, yes
by God.
yet; not yet.
b*ad; lissa ma.
Conjunctions.
after.
b*ad ma; b*ad ann.
although.
m'a inn (with pro. suff.).
and.
wa, u.
as, because.
hais ann. (with pro. suff.).
kif ma.
as if.
ka; ka ann (with pro. suff.),
as long as.
madem.
as soon as.
bes; Hmma; hal ma.
before.
"abl ma.
but.
lekin; wa amma.
either — or.
imma-imma.
except.
ilia.
if.
iza; low (with past tense).
izaken, inken (with pres.).
GRAMMAR. 7 1
in so far as.
"add ma.
instead of.
bedel ma.
neither-nor.
la wa la.
or.
ow; am.
perhaps.
rubbama.
provided that.
'ala shart ann (with pro. suff.).
since.
b'ad ma; hmma.
so that, in order that.
hatta, ta.
than.
min.
that.
inn or ann (with pro. suff.).
unless.
low la; iza ma; izaken ma.
until.
hatta ma.
when.
'indama; halama; limma;
wa"t illi.
whereas.
hais.
while.
beynama.
without.
bidun ma.
Interjections.
Ah! alas!
a; akh.
By God !
wallah.
God preserve you!
Allah yahfaz-ak
Allah yusellim-ak.
God give you a safe
1 jour-
Allah yuwassl-ak bi-salemi.
ney !
In God's name!
Bismillah.
For God's sake!
minshen Allah.
Long life to you!
towwil *umr-ak.
I beg your leave.
khatir-kum; 6wd'ana-kum (we
have placed you in God's
hands, said on leaving anyone).
72
ARABIC MANUAL.
By your leave!
Look out! make way!
Take care!
Come on ! go on ! let us go !
Capital !
I congratulate you.
Farewell ! goodbye !
Fire! Fire!
Help! help!
Look! look!
Mercy !
Please! I beg of you!
O neighbours!
O my friend !
O boy! waiter!
O my soul!
O my heart!
O my eyes!
O light of my eyes!
O my father!
O my master! O Sir!
O sir ! (servant to his master)
O treasure of my heart!
Shame! shame!
Disgraceful !
Well done! bravo!
destur.
ua ua.
dahr-ak (your back).
dir bel-ak (turn your attention).
yallah (lit. O God!).
mashallah.
heniyen (said to any one after
drinking water).
de'imi (said to a host after
drinking his coffee "may
you always have guests").
m*as-sal6mi.
hari" hari".
ya ahl al-muruwi ; aman aman.
wai wai.
aman aman.
dakhl Allah.
'amul m*aruf; dakhl-ak.
ya ahl jiri.
ya habib-i.
ya walad.
ya ruh-i.
ya kibd-i.
ya 'yun-i.
ya nur 'ain-i.
ya abu-na (said to priests).
ya khowaja.
ya sid-i (lit. O lord!).
ya muhjet "elb-i.
'aib.
mu'ib.
aferim.
GRAMMAR.
n
Welcome !
ahla u sahla.
bismilli; 'ala ras-i.
Would that
Inshallah (if God wills).
What a pity
dey'an-uh (lit. we have lost
it); ya khsara.
The seasons.
al-fusul.
•
ar-rabi'a.
Spring.
as-saif (seyf).
Summer.
al-kharif.
Autumn.
ash-shita.
Winter.
The months.
ash-shuhur.
kenun at-teni.
January.
shubat.
February.
adar.
March.
nisan.
April.
iyar (nuwar).
May.
hazeran.
June.
tammuz.
July.
eb.
August.
ailuL
September.
teshrin al-owwel.
October.
teshrin at-teni.
November.
kenun al-owwel.
December.
Days of the week.
iyem aj-jim'a.
al-bad.
Sunday.
al-itneyn.
Monday,
at-tleti.
Tuesday.
74
ARABIC MANUAL.
al-arb'a.
Wednesday.
al-khamis.
Thursday.
aj-jim'a.
Friday.
as-sebt.
Saturday.
Time.
al-wa"t.
This year.
has-sini.
Last year.
') sint al-madi.
Next year.
sint aj-jei.
r» V
sint al-"admi.
Two years ago.
min sinteyn.
Three years ago.
min thet snin.
Every year.
kill sini.
All the year.
kill as-sini.
I) In Damascus 'am al-owwel.
Next month.
shehr aj-jei.
Last month.
shehr al-madi.
Monthly.
kill shehr.
This week.
haj-jim'a.
Next week.
jim'at aj-j^i'.
Last week.
jim'at al-madi.
Every week.
kill jim'a.
A few weeks ago.
min kam jim'a.
This day next week.
b*ad jim'a.
In a fortnight.
ba'd khamst 'ashir
yowm.
For a long time.
middi tawili.
To-day.
al-yowm.
To-morrow.
bukra.
Yesterday.
imbereh.
GRAMMAR.
75
This morning.
This evening.
All day.
Every day.
Two days ago.
Three days ago.
Early.
All night.
Late at night.
Mid-night.
Sun-rise.
Sun-set.
The day after
The day before
al-yowm'a bukra.
al-yowm min 'ashiyi,
kill an-nahar.
kill yowm.
min yowmeyn.
min tlet iyem.
bekkir.
kill al-leyl.
ekhir al-leyl.
nuss leyl.
tlu'a ash-shems.
ghiyeb ash-shems.
tomorrow. b'ad bukra.
yesterday. owwelt imbereh.
The hour, as-se'a.
What time is it?
t is 12 o'clock.
t is I o'clock.
t is 2 o'clock.
t is a quarter past two.
t is half past two.
t is a quarter to three.
t is ten minutes to four.
t is five minutes past four.
t is 6 o'clock exactly.
The clock is fast.
The clock is slow.
The clock has stopped.
"add esh s^'a.
s^'a tn'ash.
s6'a w^hdi.
se'a tinteyn.
se'a tinteyn u rub'a.
se'a tinteyn u nuss.
se'a tleti ila rub'a.
s^'a arb'a ila 'ashra.
s^'a arb'a u khamsi.
se'a sitti tamem.
as-s^'a bittsabbi".
as-s^'a bitta 'akhkhir.
as-se'a wa"afat.
PART 11.
A COMPREHENSIVE
ENGLISH-ARABIC VOCABULARY ALPHA
BETICALLY ARRANGED.
ENGLISH-ARABIC VOCABULARY.
A.
abandon^ v. a. bitruk, tarakt, truk, p.p. matruk.
abashedy to be, v. n. bikhjel, khijilt (min), p.p. makhjul.
abbreviate^ v. a. bukhtisir, khtasert, khtisir, p.p. mukhtaser.
abdicate, v. btnazel, tnazelt, tnazel ('an).
ability, n. shatara; mahara.
able, a. mu**tidir; "adir (*'edir); to be able, v. n. bi"dir
(bu'dir), "edirt.
abliitiofi, n. wudu; to perform ablutions, v. n. bitwaddu,
twaddait, twadda.
abolish, v. a. bbuttil, battalt, battil; abolished, batil;
niulgha.
abounds (it), mowjud; wajd bi kitra.
Note. Verbs are given in the i" person singular present and past
tenses and the a""* person singular imperative. When other parts are
given they are indicated.
When a verb is followed by a preposition the latter is given in
brackets after it.
Only passive participles in use are given.
Plurals of nouns and adjectives not indicated are regular.
When the pronunciation of words greatly varies an alternative is
given in brackets.
8o ARABIC MANUAL.
abouti ad. "arib; ta"riban; pr. bkhusus; *ala.
above, pr. fow" (fo"); above all, fow" al-kill.
abscond, v. n. bihrub, harabt, hrub(min); bfirr, ferrait, firr.
absence, n. ghiy^b.
absent, to be, v. n. bghib, ghibt or kint ghaiyib, ghib
('an); absent-minded, fikr-uh ghaiyib.
absolute, a. mutla".
absurd, a. mustahil; ad. bila m'ana.
abtmdafice, n. kitra; abundantly, ad. bi kitra.
abuse, v. a. bbahdil, bahdilt, bahdil ; bishtum, shetemt,
shtum.
abuse, n. msebbi; b^hdeli.
accelerate, v. a. b'ajjil, 'ajjelt, 'ajjil.
accept, V. a. bi"bel, "ibilt, "ibel, p.p. ma"bul.
accident, n. hadisi p. hawadis; 'arid p. 'awarid; by accident,
ad. bi sudfi; bil-'arad.
accompany, v. ai brefi", refa"t, reft".
accomplice, n. mushtirik fi zenb.
accomplish, v.a. bkemmil, kemmelt, kemmil,p.p.mkemmel;
btemmim, temmemt, temmim, p.p. mtemmem.
according, to, ad. haseb; bi mowjab; according to cir-
cumstances, haseb az-zuruf.
account, n. hiseb p. hisebet; (story) riweyi p. ruwaiy^t.
accjimulate, v. a. bijm'a, jem'at, jm'a, p.p. mejmu'a.
accuracy, n. sahha; zabt (dabt).
accurate, a. sahih ; mazbut ; dughri.
accusation, w. tehmi p. tehmet c. p. tehm; shekvva p.
shekwet.
accuse, (of), V. a. bit-hum, tahemt, t-hum (^).
accuser, n. mushtlki; sheki.
accustom (oneself to), v. n. bit'owwad, t'owwadt ('ala),
p.p. mu'ated.
VOCABULARY. 8 1
V. a. b'owwid, *owwadt, 'owwid ('ala), p.p. m'owwad.
ace, n. ass.
achey V. n. (3rd per.) biyuj'a, waj'a or k^n yuj*a; my
head aches y ras-i biyuj'a-ni. n. waj'a p. ovvje'a.
acidy a. hamud f. hamda.
acortiy n. balluta p. ballut.
acquaintance, n. m'arifi p. ma'arif.
acquircy v. a. bhassil, hassalt, hassil; v. bihsul, hasalt ('ala).
acquisition, n. tahsil.
acquity v. a. bberri, berrait, berri, p.p. mberra; to be
acquitted, bitberra, tberrait.
acquittal, n. tebria.
Acre, Akka.
across, ad. min jeha ila jeha.
act {actioti), n. 'amel p. a'mel ; to bring an action againsty
V. bitlub-uh, talabt-uh lil-mahkemi ; v. a. bhakim, hakamt,
hakim.
active, a neshit (nishit).
actualy a ba"i"i.
adapt (to)y V. a. bwefi", wafa"t ('ala), p.p. mw^fi".
addy V. a. bzid, zidt, zid ; added, ze'id ; add tip, v. a.
bijm'a, jem'at, jm'a, p.p. mejmu'a.
additiofty n. j^m'a.
addressy n. 'unwen ('ilwan) p. 'unwenet.
adjectivey n. n'at.
admirabUy a. 'aal.
admiraly n. amiral p. amiraliyi.
admire (to praise )y v. a. bimdah, madaht, mdah ; / admire
(am pleased with) anythingy bi'ajib-ni, 'ajab-ni
admissible y a. jeyiz.
admity V. bi"bel, "ibilt, "ibd {V\ or bi), p.p. ma"bul;
bsellim, sellemt, sellim (fi), p.p. msellem.
6
82 ARABIC MANUAL.
admonishy v. bnebbih, nebbeht, nebbih ('ala).
admonitioriy n. nasiha; tenbih.
adopt (of measures), v. a. bittikhiz, ttakhazt, ttikhiz ; {of
a child), V. a. bitbenna, tbennait, tbenna.
adoration, n. 'ibedi.
adore, v. a. be'abed, 'abidt, 'abed.
adoryi, v. a. bzeyyin, zeyyent, zeyyin, p.p. mzeyyen.
adulterate, v. a. bghishsh, ghashshait, ghishsh, p.p.
maghshush.
adultery, n. zina.
advance (money), v. a. bsellif, silleft, sellif ; (proceed) v. n.
bit"addam, ta"addemt, ta"addam ; advance guard, ta-
li'at aj-jeysh; advanced in years, ta'in fis-sinn.
advantage, n. fe'idi p. fwe'id.
advantageous, a. nefi; mufid.
adversary, n. khism p. akhsam.
adversity, n. msibi p. msaiyib.
advertise, v. a. b*alin, 'alant, 'alin.
advertisement, n. e'alen p. e'alenet.
advice, n. nasiha.
advise, v. a. binsah, nasaht, nsah.
affair, n. shighl (shughl) p. ashghel; "adiyi p. "adaiya.
affected, a. mutsann'a.
affection, n. mahabbi; hunu.
affiance, (to), v. a. bkhattib, khattabt, khattib (ila) ; af-
Jianced, a. khatib.
affidavit, n. hilfen; yemin; to make an affidavit, v. n.
bihluf, halaft, hluf.
affirm, v. b'ekkid, akkedt, ekkid (li) p.p. m'ekked.
affix, (to), V. a. blazzi", lazza'*t, lazzi" ('ala).
affiict, V. a. (3rd per.) bikeddir, kedder; it affiicts me,
bikeddfr-ni.
VOCABULARY. 83
affluence, n. ghina.
affro7it, n. iheni ; v. a. bhin, hint, hin.
afloat, a. feyish; 'aiyim.
afraid, (of), v. n. bkhaf, khift (donH be afraid) la tkhaf
(min) ; bifz'a, fze'at (min) ; a. fez'an ; khaiyif.
Africa, Afrikia; african, afriki.
after, pr. b'ad ; con. b'ad ma, b'ad ann.
afternoon, ad. b'ad ad-dohr.
afterwards, ad. b'adeyn.
again, ad. kamen ; b'ad ; aidan ; again and again, kamen
u kam^n.
against, pr. 'ala; dudd; agaifist my will, dudd khatr-i.
age, n. 'umr; (century) jil p. ajiyel; 'asr.
agency, n. wekeli p. wekelet.
agejit, n. wekil p. wukela.
agile, a. herik.
agility, n. sir'a; khiffi; hareki.
agony, n. neze'a.
agree, (to), v. bi"bel, "ibilt, "ibel (fi or bi); birda, irdit,
irda (fi or bi).
agreeable, a. mlih p. mlah; ma"bul.
agreement, n. teswi; ittif^" (ittifa").
agriculture, n. fleha (felaha).
agtie, n. dowriyi ; berdiyi.
ahead, ad. "iddem.
aid, n. mse'adi.
ail, V. n. biskhun, sakhant.
aim (object), n. "asd ; ghaiyi; gharad ; (in shooting) nishi6n ;
aim (at) v. n. bitneshin, tn^shent, tneshen ('ala).
air, n. hawa; (of music) lahn; (appearance) manzar; v. a.
bhowwi, howwait, howwi.
alarm, n. khowf; fez'a; r'abi.
84 ARABIC MANUAL.
alcohol, n. sbirto; alkohul.
Aleppo, Haleb.
alerty a. mutiya"iz^.
Alexandretta, Skenderuna.
Alexandria^ Iskenderiya.
alien J n. ejnebi p. ajenib.
alight, (from), v. n. binzel, nzilt, inzel (min); alight at,
V. n. binzel fi.
alight, a. sha'len.
alike, a. mutsewi; ad. mitl ba'ad-uh (with pro. suff.)
alive, a. taiyib.
all, n. and a. kill (kuU).
allegiance, n. ta'a.
alleviate, v. a. bkhaffif, khaffeft, khaffif.
alliance, n. ma'ahedi; mhalif.
allow, V. bismah, semaht, smah (li).
allowance, n. ma'ash; ratib.
alloy, n. khalit; mezij.
allure, v. a. bistemil, stemelt, stemil.
allurement, n. istim^li.
ally, n. halif p. hulefa.
ahfianack, n. riznemi p. riznemet.
Ahnighty (the), "adir 'ala kill shi.
almojid, n. lowzi p. lowz; almond tree, lowzi.
almost, ad. "arib.
alms, n. sada"a.
aloe, n. sabr (subber).
alo7ie, a. wahd-uh (with pro. suff.); / let him alone, bi-
truk-uh wahd-uh; ad. 'ala wahd-uh.
along, pr. 'ala tul (at-tul).
alongside of, pr. bi-jenib; jenb.
aloud, ad. 'al al-'ali.
VOCABULARY. 85
alphabet, n. difbe.
already, ad. "ablan.
also, ad. kamen; aidan.
altar, n. medbah p. mdebih.
alter, v. a. bghaiyir, ghaiyert, ghaiyir.
V. n. bitghaiyir, tghaiyert, tghaiyir p.p. mutghaiyir.
altercation, n. mkhasemi.
although, con. m'a inn.
altitude, n. irtife'a; 'ulu.
altogether, ad. kill-un sawa; jumli; 'ala ba'ad-uh.
almn, n. shebbi.
always, ad. de'imen.
amass, v. a. bkowwim, kowwamt, kowwim.
ambassador, n. sefir p. sufera.
amber, n. amber.
ambition, n. tam*a.
ambitious, a. tamma'a.
amble, v. n. (3rd per.) birahwin, rah wan.
ambler, n. rahwen.
ambuscade, n. kemin.
America, Amerika; american, amerikeni.
amiable, a. latif p. lutafa.
ammimitioji, n. jebakhani; zakhra.
amnesty, n. 'afu.
amottg, pr. beyn.
amoutit, n. meblagh p. mbeligh.
ample, a. k^fi; w^s'i.
amputate, v. a. b"uss, "assait, "uss p.p. ma"sus,
amulet, n. hirz p. huruz.
amuse, v. a. bselli, selleyt, selli ; v. a. (3rd per.) it amuses
me, biyubsut-ni, basat-ni; to be amused, binbusit, in-
basa^t.
86 ARABIC MANUAL.
amusement, n. tesliyi; lahu.
ancestor t n. jidd p. ajded.
anchor, n. yatir; mirsi; v. n. birsi, rsit, irsi; at anchor, resi.
ancient, a. *ati" p. 'utu"; "adim p. "udm.
and, con. waj u.
anecdote, n. "issa p. "isas; hikeyi p. hikeyet.
anemo7ie, n. sha*'shi" (shi"e").
anew, ad. min jdid.
angel, n. melak p. melai'eki.
anger, n. ghadab; za'al; ghaiz.
angle, n. zewi p. zawaiya; "irni p. "arani.
angry, to be, (with), v. n. biz'al, zi'ilt (min); binghaz,
inghazt (min). / am angry, ana z'alen, kint z'alen; to
make ayigry, v. a. biz'el, za'alt, zu'ul.
animal, n. haiwen p. haiwen^t; dabbi p. dawab.
animosity, n. 'ad^wi.
ankle, n. kehil p. kewehil.
annex (to), v. a. busul, wasalt, usul (usfl), (bi), p.p. mowsul ;
bdumm, dammait, dumm (ila).
announce, v. a bkhabbir, khabbert, khabbir ('an, of the
thing),
annoy, v. a. biz'el, za'alt, zu'ul ; it amioys me, biyiz'el-ni,
za'al-ni.
annul, v. a. bbuttil, battalt, battil; annulled, a. batil
(battal).
anoint, v. a. bimsah, masaht, msah.
another, a. ghair-uh (with pro. suff.).
answer, n. jeweb p. jewebet; v. a. bjewib, jewabt, j^wib.
ant, n. nemli p. nemel.
Antioch, Antakiyi.
anvil, n. sidden (sinden).
anxiety, n. inshighal bel; "ala".
VOCABULARY. 87
ayixionSy a. meshghul al-fikr; "al"an; (desirous) a. mush-
tah (li).
any^ a. ahad; anybody y hada; anything, shi (shey).
apart, ad. 'ala jenib; 'ala wahd-uh.
aperient, n. mus-hil (mis-hil).
apologise (to), v. n. be'itizir, etazert, e'itizir (ila).
apology, n. 'uzrj 'itizar.
apoplexy, n. sakti.
apostle, n. resul p. risl.
apothecary, n. farmashyeni ; saideli; apothecary's shop,
farmashia; saideliyi.
apparent, a. zahir; apparently, ad. zahiran.
appeal (ask for help) v. a. bistenjid, stenjedt, stenjid;
(judicial) v. n. biste'nif, ste'neft, ste'nif.
appear, v. n. bizhar, zahert, izhar.
appearance, n. zuhur (zahir); laha.
appetite, n. "abliyi.
applaud, v.a. bza""if, za""aft, za""if (li).
applause, n. tez"if.
apple, n. tiftcha p. tefifeh.
apply (use) v. a. bista'mil, sta'melt, sta'mil ; v. a. (pnt on)
bhutt, hattait, hutt ('ala); (ask) v.a. bi"sud, "asadt,
"usud.
appoint, V. a. b'aiyin, 'aiyent, 'aiyin p.p. m'aiyen ; to be
appointed, bitvvazzaf, twazzaft.
appointment, n. wazifi p. wazaiyif; ma'muriyi; merkez
p. merakiz.
apprentice, n. san'i p. sunna'a.
approach, v. b'*errib, "errabt, "errib (li).
approval, n. istahsen.
approve, v. a. bistahsin, stahsent, stahsin.
apricot, n. mishmshi p. mishmish ; apricot-tree, mishmshi.
88 ARABIC MANUAL.
Aprily n. nisan.
apron, n. wazra; (child'' s) mariul p. marawil.
aqtudticty n. "anayit mai p. "anawat.
Arabia, beled al-'arab; Arab, n. 'Arabi p. 'Urben; arabic,
a. 'arabi; classical arabic, 'arabi fasih; vulgar arabic,
'arabi derij.
arbitrary, a. mustebidd.
arbour, n. s"eli p. s"eyil; "ibbet khasheb.
arcJi, n. "antara p. "anatir.
archbishop, n. raiyis asa"fi.
archer, n. "uwwas p. "owwasa ; rami sihm p. rumet sihm.
architect, n. mhendis.
architecture, n. hendisi; resm; na"sh.
archives, n. p. sijillet ; ovvra".
ardour, n. hamesi.
area, n. mseht al-ard.
argue (about) v. bjedil, jedelt, jedil (fi).
argument [proof), n. burhan p. berahin; (dispute) jdel.
arithmetic, n. 'ilm al-hiseb.
ark, n. (Noah's ark) filk Nuh.
arjH, n. id d. ideyn; fore-arm, dr'a p. udr'u; zind p.
znud; (weapon) sleh (slehi) p. esliha; arms alet harb.
armour, n. dir'a. a'\
armpit, n. bat p. batat.
army, n. jeysh p. jiyush; m'asker.
arou7td, ad. howl; min de'ir; all round, 'ala de'ir.
arouse, v. a. bfeyyi", feyya"t, feyyi" ; bnebbih, nebbeht,
nebbih.
arrange, v. a. bdebbir, debbert, debbir; bsewi, saweyt,
sewi p.p. msewa.
arrangement, n. teswi; tedbir p. tedebir.
arrears, n. p. ba"aiya.
VOCABULARY. 89
arrest^ v. a. bikmish, kmesht, kmush; bimsik, mesakt,
msuk.
arrival^ n. wusul.
arrive f v. n. busal, wusult.
arrogance, n. tekebbur; kibriya.
arrogant y a. mutkebbir; muta'ajrif.
arrow, n. sihm p. sihem.
arse?iiCy n. zernikh; semm al-far.
artf n. fenn p. finun; {craft) san'a p. sanaiy'a.
artery, n. shirien p. sheraiyin.
artichoke, n. ardishowki.
articulate, v. n. bilfuz, lafazt, Ifuz.
artificial, a. istina'i.
artillery, n. topkhana; medfai*a; artilleryman topji p.
topjiyi.
as, ad. mitl; ka; con. mitlma; hais ann (with pro. suff.) ;
as long as, madem; as soon as, bes; limma; halma;
as if, ka; ka inn (with pro. suff.).
ascend, v. n. bitl'a, tl'at, tl'a ('ala).
ascent, n. taFa.
ascertaifi, v. bistakhbir, stakhbert, stakhbir ('an) ; v. a.
bha""i", ha""a"t, ha""i".
ash (tree), n. lis^n al-'asfur.
ashamed, to be (of) v. n. bistihi, stahait (min) ; ashamed,
a. makhjul.
ashes, n. p. rim^d.
ashore, ad. al-berr; 'al al-berr.
ash-tray, n. sahn sikara; manfada p. mnafid.
Asia, Asia; asiatic, a. asiawi.
aside, ad. 'ala jenib.
ask (a question), v. a. bis'el, sa'elt, (s'el.
asleep, a. n^yim; ra"id.
90 ARABIC MANUAL.
asparagus, n. haliyun.
assassin, n. "etil p. "utela.
assassinate, v. a. bi"tul, "atalt, u"tul p.p. ma"tul.
assassination, n. "atl.
assault, V. bihjum, hajamt, hjum ('ala) ; n. hujum; mhajemi.
assemble, v. a. bijm'a, jem'at, jm'a; v. n. (3rd per. p.)
biyijtim'u, ijtem'au.
assetnbly, n. jeme'i; ijtima'a.
assent, v. birda, irdit, irda (fi or bi).
assessor, n. mtemmin; mkhammin.
assets, n. p. mowjudet.
assist, V. a. bse'id, se'adt, se'id.
assistance, n. mse'adi.
associate, n. sherik p. shureka.
assurance, n. te'ekid; {boldness) jesara.
assure, v. b'ekkid, akkedt, ekkid (li).
astern, ad. wara; astern of the ship, wara al-merkeb.
astonish, v. a. (3rd per.) bidhish, dahesh p.p. medhush ;
it astonishes me, bi'ajjib-ni, 'ajjab-ni; to be ast07iished,
V. n. bit'ajjab, t*ajjebt. p.p. mut'ajjib.
astonishment, n. dehshi; t'ajjub.
asylum (for the insane) n. meristen.
at, pr. fi; 'ind; bi; ad. at all, abaden; mnowb. (mnob).
atheist, n. kefir.
Athens, Atina.
attach, (to) v. a. burbut, rabatt, urbut (bi); [hang up)
v.a. b'alli", 'alla"t, 'alii" (bi).*
attack, V. bihjum, hajamt, hjum ('ala); n. hujum.
attempt, v. n. bijtihid, ijtahadt, ijtihid; bjerrib, jerrabt,
jerrib; n. ijtihad; tijrubi p. tejerib.
attend (be present at) v. n. behdar, hadert, hdar (fi);
[pay attention to) v. bintfbih, intebeht, intibih (ila).
VOCABULARY. 9 1
attentioriy n. intibeh ; pay attention! intfbih li ; dir b61-ak 'ala.
attentive^ a muntibih.
attest, V. bsadi", sada"t, sadi" ('ala) p.p. msadda".
attitude, n. haiya; hala (hali).
attorney, n. wekil da'awi; avokat.
attract, v. a. bijzub, jezebt, jzub.
auction, n. mezed ; to sell by — , bbi'a, be'ut bil-mezed ;
to buy by — , bishtri, shtrait bil-mezed.
August, n. eb.
aunt, n. (paterrial) 'ammi; (maternal) khali.
auspicious, a. sa'id.
Australia, Ustralia.
Austria, Nemsa; austrian, a. nemsewi.
author, n. mu'ellif; ketib.
authority, n. sulta.
authorize, v. a. bfowwid, fowwadt, fowwid.
autograph, n. imda.
autumn, n. al-kharif.
avarice, n. bikhl.
avaricious, a. bakhil p. bukhal.
a'denge, v. bekhud, akhadt at-tar ; / avenged you, akhadt
bi tar-ak.
average, a. m'addal; on an average, 'ala m*addal.
avert, v. a. bimn'a, men'at, mn'a.
avoid, V. bib'ud, ba'adt, bu'ud ('an) ; bibt'id, ibt'adt, bt'id
(*an or min); bitjennib, tjennebt, tjennib ('an or min).
await, V. a. bistanzir, stanzert, stanzir ; bintlzir, intazert,
intizir.
awake, v. n. bf i", fi"t, fi" ; bu'a, wa'it, wu'a ; a. w^'i ; faiyi".
awkward, a. ghashim; [difficult) s'ab.
axe, n. ferra'a; fes p. fus; balta.
axle, n. m'awel.
92 ARABIC MANUAL.
B.
baby^ n. tifl p. atfal; walad zghir.
bachelor y n. 'azeb p. 'uzben c. p. 'azzebi.
backy n. dahr; "afa; behind my backy wara dahr-i.
backgavimon, n. da"" towli.
backward (tardy ), a. himil; buti.
backwards y ad. ila wara; go back, rj'a la wara; back-
wards and forwards, la wara u la "iddem.
bacony n. lahm khanzir.
bady a. *aatil, c. 'aatil aktar; redi c. arda; to go baS
(of frtiit) V. n. (3rd per.) biyihtiri, ihtara; [of meat)
V. n. (3rd per.) biyirwih, arwah.
badgey n. nishen p. nieshin; 'alemi.
bagy n. kis p. kyes; shanta.
baggage y n. 'afsh ; howeyij ; hmuli.
baily n. kefeli.
baity n. tu'um.
baisey n. jukh serj.
bake, V. a. bikhbuz, khabazt, khbuz p.p. makhbuz.
baker, n. khabbez; ferran.
balancey n. (of weight) mizen ; (of account) rasid ; v. a.
buzin, wezent, uzin p.p. mowzun; to make balancey
b'aiyyir, 'aiyyert, 'aiyyir al-mizen.
balcony y n. tarasina; balkon ; rowshen; kishk.
baldy a. ajlah p. juluh; asl'a p. sulu'.
baUy n. beli p. beldt; tard p. trudi.
bally n. tabi p. tabet; (dance) ballo.
ballasty n. sabura.
balloon, n. balun; mintad.
ballot, n. "ur'a ; v. n. birmi, rmait, rmi "ur'a ('ala).
VOCABULARY, 93
balustrade^ n. drabzin (drabzun).
bambooy n. khaizeran.
bananay n. mowzi p. mowz; banana tree, mowzi.
band, n. rabta p. rabtat; (of music) jow"; nowbi; elastic
band, rabtat mighait.
bandage, n. rabta p. rabtat.
banish, v. a. bserkil, serkelt, serkil p.p. mserkel; binfi,
nefeyt, nfi p.p. minfi.
bank, n. bank; [river — ) haffi p. haffet c.p. hafefi; Ot-
t07nan bank, bank al-'osmeni.
banker, n. serraf p. saiyerif.
bankiyig, n. srafi.
bankrupt, n. miflis; maksur.
bankruptcy, n. ifles.
banquet, n. 'azimi p. 'aze'im; walimi p. wale'im.
baptise, v. a. b'ammid, 'ammedt, 'ammid p.p. m'ammad.
baptism, n. m'amudiyi.
bar, n. "adib p. "udben; shilf p. shlufi.
barbarous, a. mutwahish; berberi.
barber, n. halla".
bare, a. [naked] 'ariyen; zlait; [of land) jerda; "ar'a.
bargain, n. bazar ; msewami ; to make a bargain, v. a.
bfasil, fasalt, fasil; bbezzir bezzert, bezzir.
barge, n. maon p. mwain; jurm p. jrumi.
bark, n. [of a tree) "ishri ('*ishr); [of a dog) 'awi; howsh.
V. n. (3rd per.) biyinbah, nabah; bihush, hesh.
barley, n. sh'ir.
barn, n. anbar p. anabir.
barometer, n. mizen al-hawa; barom^tre.
barracks, n. "ishli*'.
barred, a. mshebbek bil-hadid.
barrel, n. barmil p. baramil; (^/ ^ ^«) Ijadidit al-bariidi.
94 ARABIC MANUAL.
barren, a. (of land) Vim; [of women) 'a"ir.
barricade^ n. sidd p. sdud; {niilit,) mitras p. materis.
base, a. dun (deni) ; bottom) ases p. aseset ; (of moun-
tains) sifl; k'ab.
bashful, a. khajul.
basin, n. tusht p. tshut ; lekken p. Ik^n.
basket, n. selli p. slel ; clothes — , sebet p. sbet.
bastard, n. bandu".
bat, n. wutwat p. watawit.
bath, n. hammem p. hamemim; bath-woman, belleni;
bath-man, hammemji; mkebbis; bath towel, manshfi.
bathe, v. n. bt-hammam, t-hammemt, t-hammem.
battalion, n. tabur p. twabir.
battle, n. wa"*a p. wa'"at; m'areki p. ma'arik.
bay, n. khalij p. khiljen.
bayonet, n. singhi p. singhet; harbi p. harbet.
bazar, n. su'* p. aswa".
be, V. / was, kint ; he was, k^n ; be, kun ; there will be
bisir; there was, sar i^ide grammar, verb 'to be').
beach, n. shatt.
beacon, n. "abuli ('*abili) p. "abebil ("ab^'il).
bead, n. kharazi p. kharaz; habbi p. hbub.
beak, n. min"ad.
bea^n, n. jisr p. jesura.
bean, n. (french) lubiyi ; (haricot) fasulia.
bear (to produce, of the earth) v. a. (3rd per. f.) bitghill,
ghallit ; (endure) v. a. bihtimil, ihtamelt, ihtimil ; [carry)
V. a. b6hmil, hamelt, hmul ; n. dibb p. dibeb.
beard, n. da"n p. du"un; lihiyi p. liha.
beardless, a. ajrudi.
bearer, n. hamil; ne"il.
beast, (wild) n. wahsh p. wuhush; [beasts in gen.) behe'im.
VOCABULARY. 95
beat, V. a. bidrub, darabt, drub; {overcome) bighlub,
ghalabt, ghlub p.p. maghlub; to be beaten, bindirib,
indarabt.
beautifuly a. zarif p. zuraf; jemil c. ejmel; bedi'a.
beauty, n. jemel.
because, con. bi hais; hais ann (with pro. suff.); li kun.
become, v. n. bsir, sirt, sir; to suit v. (3rd per.) biyilba'*,
libi" (li).
bed, n. [bedding) fershi p. fershet; bed-clothes, n. ghata;
lahaf; bed-room, n. udat an-nom ; bed-stead, n. takht
p. tukhut.
bedouin, n. bedewi p. bedu.
bee, n. nahli p. nahl; bee-hive, n. "afir an-nahl.
beef, n. lahm ba"ar; boiled beef, lahm maslu"; roast
beef, lahm mishwi.
beer, n. bira.
beeswax, n. sham 'a asfar.
beetle, n. khinfsi p. khenefis.
beetroot, n. shmendur (shwender).
before, ad. pr. "abl; [of space) amem; "iddem ; before
and after, "abl u b'ad ; con. "abl ma.
beg, V. a. bitrajja, trajjait, trajja; to beg of, v. biltimis,
iltemest, iltimis (min.).
beggar, n. shahhad.
begin, v. a. bbellish, bellesht, bellish; bibtfdi, btedeyt, btfdi.
beginner, n. mibtfdi.
beginning, n. bdeyi.
behalf, on (of), pr. minshen.
behave, v. n. bisluk, salakt, sluk ; bitsarraf, tsarraft, tsarraf.
behaviour, n. tesarruf; sluk; siri; his behaviour, sirt-uh.
behind, pr. khalf; wara; bi **afa.
Belgium, Beljika; belgian, a. beljiki.
96 ARABIC MANUAL.
belief, n. 'iti"ad.
believe, v. a. bsaddi", sadda"t, saddi"; to believe in, v.
bu'min, ament, emin (fi or bi).
believer, n. mu'min.
bell, n. jaras p. jras.
bellows, n. menfakh.
belly, n. batn.
belong to (to) v. n. (3rd per.) bikhuss, ken bikhuss; it
belongs to me, bikhuss-ni; teb'a-i.
below, pr. taht.
belt, n. zinnar p. znenir.
bench, n. bank p. bnuki; ma" 'ad khasheb.
bend, v. a. bilwi, laweyt, Iwi; v. n. to bend the head,
bnikhkh, nakhkhait, nikhkh.
benefit, n. menfa'a p. menafi'a.
bent (crooked) a. *awaj f. 'owja p. 'uj.
berth (on board ship) n. srir p. aserir (sraiyir).
berry, n. kibsh p. kebush.
beside, pr. hadd; "arib; jenb.
besides, ad. ma'ada ; kamen ; fadlan 'an
besiege, v. a. bhasir, hasert, hasir.
best, a. sup. al-ahsan; ahsan min al-kill.
bet [on), V. n. brahin, rahent, rahin ('ala) ; n. rahn p.
ruhuni.
Bethlehem, Beytlahm.
betray, v. a. bkhun, khint, khun.
betroth (to), v. a. bitlub, talabt, tlub (ila) ; bkhattib,
khattabt, khattib (ila); betrothed, a. khatib.
betrothal, n. khitbi.
better, a. ad. ahsan; afdal.
betting, n. mraheni.
between, pr. beyn.
VOCABULARY.
97
beyond, pr. b'ad ; [of space) "at'i ; beyond fueasurej fow
"al-hadd; fow "al-"iyes.
Bible, n. (old Testament) at-towra; (ntw Testament) al-injil.
big, a. kbir c. akbar p. kbar; 'azim.
bile, n. safra.
bill, n. "a'imit hiseb; bill of exchange, kimbieli p. kim-
bielet; bill of lading, bolsit shahn p. bwalis.
bind, V. a. burbut, rabatt, urbut pp. marbut; [to roll)
V. a. bliff, leffeyt, liff, pp. melfuf ; (of books) v. a. bjellid,
jelledt, jellid pp. mjellad.
bird, n. tayr p. tuyur; bird-lime, dib".
birth, n. uledi; the birth of the child, uledit al-walad;
birth-day, 'eid mowlid; milad.
bishop, n. mitran p. matarni.
bishopric, n. abrashiyi.
bit, n. (piece) nitfi ; sha"fi ; (of a bridle) fekk ; bit by bit,
shwayi shwayi; (piecemeal) nitfi nitfi.
bite, V. a. b'add, 'addait, 'add.
bitter, a. murr.
black, a. aswad (aswid) f. sowda p. sud.
blacking, n. boya.
blacksmith, n. hadded.
blade, n. shafra p. shafrat; nasli p. naslat.
bladder, n. meteni; mebweli; (iiiflated) n. marara.
blame, v. a. blum, limt, lum (tised to inferiors); v. a. ba'atib,
'atabt, *atib (used to equals and inferiors); n. lowm; 'it^b.
blameless, ad. bila lowm.
blank, a. abyad; in blank, *ala baiyad.
blanket, n. hram p. hramet.
blaze, n. sh*ali ; lahib.
bleach, v. a. bu"sur, "asart, u"sur pp. ma"sur; bbaiyid,
baiyadt, baiyid pp. mbaiyad.
7
98 ARABIC MANUAL.
bleedy v. n. (3rd per.) bisil, sel min-nuh damm ; v. a. bufsud,
fasadt, fsud.
bless, V. a. bberik, berakt, berik.
blessing, n. bereki p. bereket.
blind, a. *ama; v. a. be'ami, 'ameyt, 'ami; to go blifid,
V. n. b'ama, 'amit.
blindness, n. 'ama.
blister, n. hara"a.
block, n. sidd p. sdud ; block of wood, "it'at khasheb ;
V. a. bsidd, seddeyt, sidd pp. mesdud.
blockade, n. hisar bahri.
blockhead, n. abhel; mebhul ; belid.
blood, n. damm; full-blooded, a. dammawi.
bloody, a. mlattakh bi damm ; bloodshed, n. sef k ad-dimma.
bloom, n. tarawi.
blossom, n. zahra p. zahr (zuhur).
blot, n. latkha.
blotting-paper, n. wara*'neshshesh (neshshaf).
bloiv, n. darbi; latmi; v. n. binfukh, nefakht, nfukh
pp. menfukh.
blue, a. azra" f. zer"a p. zir"; dark blue, azra" ghami'*;
light blue, azra" fetih.
blunder, n. ghalta p. ghaltat c. p. ghalat.
blunt, a. kell; mau (mush) madi.
blush, V. n. bikhjel, khijilt, khijel.
boar, n. khanzir berri p. khnezir berriyi.
board, n. lowh p. Iweh; sideboard, khizenit sufra.
boast, n. fashr; fakhr; v. n. biftikhir, iftakhert, iftikhir;
bshuf, shuft hal-i, shuf hal-ak.
boaster, n. feshshar.
boat, n. feluka p. fleyik; "arib p. "awerib.
boatman, n. bahri.
VOCABULARY. • 99
bodkiHf n. mdekk, p. mdekket.
bodyy n. jism p. ajsem; (corpse) jifi p. ji'ef.
boily V. a. and n. {of liquids) bighli, ghaleyt, ghli pp.
mighli; (of solids) v. a. bislu", sala"t, slu" pp. maslu";
V. n. (3rd per.) biyinsili", insala".
boiler, n. dist p. dsut.
boiling, a. ghali. '7qUl__
boldy a. jesur.
bolster, n. mkhaddi ; wusedi.
bolt, n. sa"ata (sa"uta) p. sa"utat; da"r p. d"ura.
bomb, n. killi p. klel.
bond, n. sened p. senedet; sakk p. skuk.
bone, n. 'admi p. 'adam ('adm).
bonfire, n. "abili ("abuli) p. "abebil; tenwir.
bonnet, n. birneyta p. buranit.
book, n. kiteb p. kutub ; book-binder, mjellid; book-case,
kutubiyi; khizenit kutub; book-keeper, mhassibji; book-
keeping, mesk ad-defetir ; book-seller, bey'i kutub ;
bookshelf, reflf p. rfuf.
boot, n. sirmeyi p. sarami ; bootlace, shrita p. shrayit ;
bootmaker, kinderji; topboot, jezmi p. jezmet.
booty, n. ghanimi.
border, n. haffi p. haflfet; hadd p. hudud; hashiyi.
bore, V. a. bibkhush, bakhasht, bkhush pp. mebkhush ;
(of metals) bi"dah, "adaht, "ideh; (to weary) bit'ub,
ta*ebt, tu*ub pp. met'ub ; it bores me, biyit'ib-ni, ta'ab-ni.
born, to be, v. n. bikhla", khili"t; bulad, walidt.
borrow, v. a. bista'ir, sta*art, sta'ir.
bosom, n. hudn (hidn) p. ahdan.
Bosphorus, Boghaz.
both, a. kill wehid (wahid); itneyn f. tinteyn.
bother, n. t*ab; si"li.
100 ARABIC MANUAL.
bottle, n. "annini p. "ineni.
bottoniy n. asfal; "e'a ("a'a).
bough, n. ghusn p. aghsan; fer'a (fir'i) p. fru'a.
boimdary, n. hadd p. hudud; takhm p. tkhum.
bouquet, n. ba"et (be"at) zuhur.
bow, n. "ows p. a"was; (of a necktie), 'u"di ('i"di).
bow (reverence), n. haniiyt ras; v. n. binhini, inhanait,
inhini.
bowels, n. am'a; ferigh ; sijuk.
bowl, n. tasi p. taset ; kesi p. keset ; pipe boivl, ghaliyun.
box, n. sandu" p. snedi" ; (small) 'elbi p. 'eleb; (box on
the ear) kefif.
boy, n. sabi p. subiyan; walad p. uled (owlad).
boyhood, n. siba.
bracelet, n. iswar p. asewir; sleti p. sletat.
braces, n. "ishat.
brackets, n. p. hileleyn; iri brackets, beyn hileleyn.
brackish, a. melih; brackish water, mai melha.
bradawl, n. berrimi.
braid, n. jedel; habk.
brain, n. dmagh; nkh'a; sheeps* braiyis, nkh'a kharuf.
bramble, n. 'owsaj ; shok.
bran, n. nkhali.
branch, n. ghusn p. aghsan ; fer'a (fir'i) p. fru'a.
brand, n. wasm ; nishen ; damgha ; v. a bhutt, hattait,
hutt wasm.
brass, n. nahas asfar.
brawl, n. khna'*a; toshi.
brave, a. shuje'a (seje'a).
bravery, n. sheje'aa (seje'aa).
bray, v. n. (3^^ per.) bishenhi", shenha".
breads n. khibz ; loaf of bread, rghif khibz.
VOCABULARY. 10 1
breadth y n. 'ard.
break y v. a. biksur, kesert, ksur pp. maksur; to break
in pieceSy v. a. bkessir, kessert, kessir; to be broken^
(3rd per.) biyinkisir, inkeser ; to break a promise^ bkhill,
khalleyt, khill bil-w'ad.
breakfast^ n. terwi"a; ftur; v. n. biftar, fatart, ftar.
breasty n. sidr; breastplate (of a horse) sidriyi.
breathy n. nefes.
breathe, v. n. bitneffes. tnefifest, tneffes.
breech-loader, n. barudi khal'a.
breedy n. jins p. ajnes; asl.
breezcy n. nesim.
bribe, n. bartil p. baratil ; reshwi ; v. a. bbertil, bertelt,
bertil; v. bshuf, shuft, shuf khatir-uh.
bricky n. "armidi p. "armid.
bride, n. 'arus p. 'araiyis.
bridegroom, n. 'aris p. 'irs^n.
bridesmaid, n. shbini p. shbinet.
bridge, n. jisr p. jesura.
bridle, n. Ijem p. Ijemet c. p. lijim; v. a. biljum, lajamt,
Ijum (Ijom).
brief, a. mukhtaser; briefly, bil-ikhtisar.
brigade, n. liwa p. elvviyi.
brigandy n. "att'a at-tari" p. "atta'in.
bright (brilliant)y a. lem'i.
brifriy n. haffi; brimful, melen li shiffi.
bring, v. a. bjib, jibt, jib.
brink, n. haffi.
brittle, a. *'ebil al-kesr.
broad, a. 'arid; wes'i.
broker, n. simsar p. smasra; dellal (dell^l).
brood, n. sus p. sisan.
102 ARABIC MANUAL.
brook, n. se"i. (sa"i) p. swe"i (sawa"i).
broom, n. mikinsi p. mkenis; m"ashshi; belleni.
broth, n. mar"a.
brother, n. khey (khay); akh p. ikhwi ; (of the same
father and mother) sha"i"; brother-in-law, suhr.
brown, a. asmar p. sumr.
bruize, v. a. brudd, raddait, rudd p.p. mardud ; n. radda.
brush, n. firsheyi p. firsheyet; tooth-brush, firsheyit snen;
V. a. bfershi, fershait (fersheyt), fershi.
brushwood, n. bellen.
bucket, n. dalu p. fdilwi ; satl p. stuli.
buckle, n. bzim p. bzimet; v. a. bbekkil, bekkelt, bekkil
p.p. mbekkel.
bud^ n. zirr p. zrar.
buffalo, n. jemus p. jwemis.
bug, n. ba"a p. ba".
bugle, n. nefir.
biiild, V. a. b'ammir, 'ammert, 'ammir, p.p. m'ammer;
bibni, benait (beneyt), bni p.p. mibni.
btiilder, n. m'emeri p. m'ameriyi; benna p. benneyin.
building, n. 'amara p. 'amarat ; bina p. binaiyet.
bulb, n. basli p. basl.
Bulgaria, Bilgharia; bulgarian, a. bilghari.
bull, n. towr (tor) p. tiran (tuwar). l^ « v ' '
bullet, n. resasa p. resas.
bulrush, n. ghazzara p. ghazzar.
bump, n. waram; (knock) sadmi; v. a. bisdum sadamt,
sdum.
bunch, n. (of grapes) 'an"ud p. 'ane"id ; (flowers) dummi.
bundle, n. hizmi p. hizem ; rizmi p. rizmet c.p. rizm.
bung, n. fellini p. fellin.
buoy, n. shmandura p. shmandurat; 'awwemi.
VOCABULARY. IO3
burden, n. himl p. hmel (hmuli).
burial, n. defn.
burn, V. a. bihru", hara"t, huru" p.p. mahru"; v. n.
(3rd per.) biyehru", hara"; biyihtiri", ihtara"; the fire
burnSf an-nar bitish'ul, she'elit.
burst, V. n. (3rd per.) biyinfijr (biyinfizr), infajr (infazr);
biyinfera, infel'a.
bury [of persons), v. a. bidfun, defent, dfun, p.p. med-
fun ; [of animals) btumm, tammait, tumm p.p. matmum.
bush, n. 'illey"a p. 'illey".
business, n. shighl (shughl) p. ashghel (ashghal).
busy, a. meshghul.
but, con. l^kin; wa anima.
butcher, n. lahham; "assab.
butt, V. a. and n. (3rd per.) biyintah, natah.
butt-end, n. "anda" ("inda").
SC butter, n. zibdi; clarified butter, semm. ^^-^/^^^ QM/r^
butterfly, n. frashi p. frashet.
button, n. zirr p. zrar; v. a. bbekkil, bekkelt, bekkil p.p.
mbekkel.
button-hole, n. bikli p. bikel; 'irwi p. irwet.
buttress, n. d'ami p. da'aiyim.
buy, V. a. bishtri, shtrait (shtreyt), shtri p.p. mushtera;
buying, n. shraiyit.
buyer, n. mushteri; sheri.
buzz, V. n. (3rd per.) biwazwiz, wazwaz.
buzzing, n. wazwazi.
by,,^x. 'ind; jenb; hadd ; [instrumental) bi ; bi wastat.
104 ARABIC MANUAL.
c.
cabbage, n. melfufi p. melfuf; yakhanai p. yakhana.
cabin, n. (ship's) kamara; uda zghiri.
cabinet, n. khizeni p. khzeyin ; cabinet council, wazara.
cage, n. "afas p. "afas.
Cairo, Kahira.
cake, n. ka'aki p. ka'ak; "urs p. "uras.
calamity, n. msibi p. msaiyib; belwi p. belvvet.
calculate, v. a. bihsub, hasabt, hsub p.p. mahsub.
calculation, n. hiseb p. hisebet.
calendar, n. riznemi d. riznemet.
calf, n. 'ijl p. 'ujul; (of the leg) batat al-ijr.
caligrapJiy, n. khatt.
call, V. bindah, nadaht, ndah (li) v. b'aiyit, 'aiyett, *aiyit
(ila or li); (to name) v. a. bsemmi, semmait, semmi
p.p. msemma; (to call out) v. n. bsarrikh, sarrakht,
sarrikh; (to visit) v. a. bzur, zirt, zur; (a visit) n. zi-
yara p. ziyarat.
calm, n. hudu; (of the sea) ghalini; a. rekiz; hedi; v. a.
bheddi, heddait (heddeyt), heddi; bsekkin, sekkent,
sekkin.
calumniate, v. bushi, washait, ushi (ala).
calumniator, n. nemmem.
calumjiy, n. nemimi.
camel, n. jemel p. jmel; b'aiyir p. 3h€\v; she-camel, ne"a;
camel-driver, jemmel.
camp, n. khiyem; (milit\) m'asker.
camphor, n. kafur.
can, n. tenaki p. tenket; v. n. (vide: to be able).
canal, n. "anayi p. i"niyi.
VOCABULARY. IO5
cancel, v. a. bbuttil, battalt, battil; cancelled, a. batil.
cancer, n. saratan p. sratin.
candid, a. selim al-"elb ; selim an niyi ; mukhlis.
candle, n. shama'a p. shama'at.
candlestick, n. sham'aden.
cane, n. khaizeran ; sugar-cane, "asab sikker; "asabmass;
{walking stick) 'asa p. 'usi.
cafinibal, n. ekil lahm al-beshr.
cannon, n. medf'a p. mdef'i.
carmot, v. n. ma bi"dir, ma "edirt; / cannot do it, ma
bi"dir 'amil-uh ; it cannot be, ma bisir.
cap, n. ta"iyi p. tawa"i; 'ar"iyi; p. 'ara"i ; "ib'i p. "ibe'a.
capable, a. mu"tidir; "adir ("edir).
capacious, a. wes'i; fasih.
cape, n. [headland] ras; [cloak) burnus p. baranis.
caper, (plant) n. "abbar.
capital, n. [of a coufttry) 'aasmi p. 'awasim; "asabi p.
**asabet; [of money) rismel (rismal).
capitulate, v. a. bsellim, sellemt, sellim taht shart.
capsicum, n. flaifli.
captive, n. esir p. lisera.
captivity, n. isr; sebi.
capture, v. a. bi'sur, asert, isur p.p. ma'sur; bisbi, sebeyt,
isbi p.p. misbi.
caravan, n. *'afili p. "awafil.
carcass, n. jitti p. jittet; [human) jifi p. ji'ef.
card, n. wara"a p. wara".
cardboard, n. kartun.
cards (playing), n. p. wara" I'eb (I'ub) ; pack of cards,
shiddi.
care [anxiety), n. hemm; [attention) n. ^*atina; take care!
dir b^l-ak.
I06 ARABIC MANUAL.
careful, to be [about) v. n. be'atini, 'etenet, e'atini(fi).
careless, a. mush mbeli.
caress, n. mlatafi; v. a. bdellil, dillelt, dellil; bghannij,
ghannejt, ghannij.
caretaker, n. natur al-beyt.
cargo, n. shahn; was".
carnation, n. "arunfli p. "arunful.
carpenter, n. nejjar.
carpet, n. [large) bsat p. bust; [small) sejjedi p. sejjedet
c. p. sijjad.
carriage, n. 'arabiyi p. 'arabiyet; karrusa p. karruset;
(freight) n. nowulun; (porterage) n. 'ateli.
carrion, n. jifi.
carrot, n. jezera p. jezr.
carry, v. a. behmil, hamelt, hmul p.p. mahmul.
cart, n. [large) karro p. karrat; [smalt] tumberu p. tma-
bir (tunber p. tnabir).
cartridge, n. f6sheki p. feshek; khartushi p. khartush.
Qarve [of stone) v. a. bin"ush, na"asht, n"ush p.p. men-
"ush ; [of wood) V. a. bihfur, hafert, hfur p.p. mahfiir.
carving, n. na"sh; hafr.
cascade, n. shellel p. shellelet.
case, n. sandu" p. snedi"; [small) *elbi p. 'eleb; [legal)
d'awa p. da'awi; statement of case, *ard al-mes'eli;
in no case, abaden.
cash, n. na"diyi; in cash, ad. na"den; v. a. bi"bad,
"abadt, i"bad p.p. ma"bud; cash-book, n. defter p.
defetir; cash-box, n. sandu"hadid.
cashier, n. sandu"ji; amin as-sandu".
cask, n. barmil p. baramil.
castle, n. "al'a p. "il'a
castor oil, n. zeyt kharw'a.
VOCABULARY. 10/
castrate^ v. n. bukhsi, khsait, khsi pp. mikhsi.
casual y a. 'aradi.
cat, n. bseyn p. bseynet; "att p. "atat.
catalogue, n. jedwel p. jdewil.
catastrophe, n. nekbi p. nekbet.
catch, V. a. brkmish, kmesht, kmush; bimsik, mesakt,
msuk p.p. memsuk; bukhtuf, khataft, khtuf.
cauldron, n. [large) khar'in p. khle"in; dist p. dsut.
cauliflower, n. "arnabita p. "arnbit; zahra p. zahret.
cause, n. sebeb p. asbeb ; 'illi p. 'illel ; v. a. bsebbib,
sebbebt, sebbib p.p. msebbeb ('an).
caustic, n. mikwi.
cauterise, v. a. bikwi, kweyt, kwi p.p. mikwi.
caution, n. hazr; ihtiras.
cautious, a. haris.
cavalry, n. p. khaiyeli; fursan.
cave, n. maghara p. mghaiyir.
cease, v. n. (3rd per.) biyikhlas, khalas; biyintfhi, inteha.
cedar, n. erzi p. erz.
ceiling, n. [of masonry) sa"f p. s"uf; [boarded) tawan
p. tawanet.
celebrate, v. a. bihtifil, ihtafelt, ihtifil.
celebrated, a. mesh-hur.
celerity, n. sur*a; 'ajeli.
celery, n. krefs.
cellar, n. "abu p. {"biyi.
cement, n. tin; mlat; simento; v. a. btaiyin, taiyent,
taiyin p.p. mtaiyen ; bmallit, mallatt, mallit p.p.
mmallet.
cemetery, n. ma"bara p. m"^bir; turbi p. turab.
censure, n. lowm; v. a. blum, limt, lum p.p. melum.
centipede, n. imm arb*a u arb6*in.
I08 ARABIC MANUAL.
centre, n. wast; merkez.
century, n. jil p. ajiyel; "arn p. "urun.
ceremony, n. [function) ihtifel ; {behaviour) teklif.
certain, a. akid ; [some] ba'ad-um [with pro: suff.).
certainly, ad. m'alum; ha" "an; ma"fura.
certificate, n. shehedi.
certify, v. bish-had, shahidt (fi).
chaff, n. (chopped straw) tibn.
chain, n. jenzir p. jnezir; silsli p. slesil; v. a. bjenzir^
jenzert, jenzir p.p. mjenzer; b"eyyid, "eyyedt, "eyyid
p.p. m"eyyed.
chair, n. kirsi p. kerasi; rocking chair, kirsi hezzez.
chalk, n. tbashir.
chameleoji, n. herbeyi.
chance, n. sudfi, p. sidaf; fursa p. furas.
chandelier, n. traiya p. traiyet.
change, taghiyir ; [of money) n. fart ; v. a. bghaiyir, ghai-
yert, ghaiyir; v. n. bitghaiyir, tghaiyert, tghaiyir p.p.
mutghaiyer; [to change mo7iey) v. a. bisruf, saraft,
sruf.
channel, n. mejra p. mejeri.
chapel, n. kenisi zghiri; kabella.
chapter, n. fasl p. fusul; {iri the Bible) is-hah p. is-
hahat.
character, n. tab'a p. atb'a; of good character, rnhdiZZdih-,
his character is bad, tab'a-uh redi; a bad character,
sha"i p. ish"iya.
charcoal, n. fahm.
charge [accusatio7i), n. tehmi; [custody) n. istilam.
charity, n. rahmi; haseni; [alms) sada"a.
charm [amulet), n. hirz p. huruz.
chart, n. kharta.
VOCABULARY. IO9
chasm, n. huwi p. huwet; shi" " p. shu"u".
chastise, v. a. b'eddib, 'eddebt, 'eddib p.p. m'eddeb ; b"asis,
"asast, "asis p.p. m"asas.
chastisement, n. "isas.
cheap, a. rkhis c. arkhas p. rkhas.
cheat, V. a. bghishsh, ghashshait, ghishsh p.p. maghshush.
check, n. men*i; v. a. bimn'a, men'at, mn'a p.p. mem-
n'u; bsudd, saddait, sudd p.p. masdud.
check-mate, n. met (mat).
cheek, n. khadd, khudud ; cheek bone, wejni p. wejnet.
cheer, v. a. bfarrih, farraht, farrih ; bibsut, basatt, bsut.
cheerful, a. farhan.
cheese, n. jibn; a cheese, "elib jibn.
chemist, n. farmashyeni; saideli; ^^^;«^V/'.y j-A^/, farmashia;
saideliyi.
cherry, n. kerezi p. kerez ; cherry tree, kerezi.
chess, n. sataranj (shatranj) ; to play chess, bil'ab, I'ibt,
Tab sataranj; chess-man, hajr p. hijar; king, shah;
nefs; queen, firz; castle, rikh; bishop, fil; knight, faras ;
pawn, bayda** p. biyedi".
chess-board, n. ri"'at as-sataranj.
chest, n. sidr p. sduri; {box) sandu" p. snedi".
chestnut, n. kestaneyi p.kestana; chestnut tree kestaneyi.
chew, V. a. bimdagh, madaght, mdagh p.p. mamdugh.
chicken, n. djeji p. djejet c. p. djej ; firkha p. firakh;
chicken-pox, jidrit al-mai.
chief t n. raiyis p. ruasa.
chiefly, ad. khususan; bil-akhas.
child, n. walad p. uled (owlad).
childhood, n. waldeni.
chill, n. berd.
chilly, a. berid f. berdi ; {of persons) msa" 'a ; berdcn.
no. ARABIC MANUAL.
chimney J n. dekhun p. dwekhin ; medkheni ; [of a lamp)
"izezi p. "izezet.
chitij n. da"n p. du"un.
China, as-sin ; Chinese, a. sini; [porcelain) n. khazaf ; sini.
chintz, n. shit; yemeni.
chisel, n. zmil p. azamil.
choice, n. ikhtiyar.
choke, V. a. [of creatures) bikhnu", khana"t, khnu" p.p.
makhnu"; (of things) v. a. bsidd, seddeyt, sidd p.p.
mesdud.
cholera, n. hawa asfar.
choose, V. a. bna" "i, na" "ait, na""i p.p. mna""a; bukhtar,
ikhtart, ikhtar p.p. mukhtar.
chopper, n. satur p. swatir.
chord, n. watar p. owtar.
Christ, Yesu'a; al-mesih; 'Isa.
Christian, n. nusrani p. nasara; mesihi p. mesihiyin,
church, n. kenisi p. kn^yis.
cigarette, n. sikara p. swekir; a^^r^//^ /f^/^^r, biz sikara;
cigarette case, 'elbit sikara.
cinders, n. rimed.
cinnamon, n. "irfi.
cipher, n. shifra; ra"m p. ar"am.
circle, n. de'iri p. dwe'ir.
circulate, v. n. (3rd per.) bidur, dar.
circufnstance, n. zarf p. zuruf.
cistern, n. sahrij p. saharij ; [well) bir p. biyara.
citizen, n. ibn beled p. uled beled.
citron, n. kubbedi p. kubbed.
city, n. medini p. mudn.
civil, a. meleki; civil service khidmi milkiyi; [polite) a.
mhazzab; mrubba.
VOCABULARY. 1 1 1
civility J n. tehzib; lutf.
claim, n. talab p. talbet c. p. matalib; [legal claim) n.
d'awa p. da'awi ; v. a. bitlub, talabt, tlub p.p. matlub ;
[to pretend) v. bidde'i, idda'ait, idde'i (fi)j to claim
[legally) v. b'amil, 'amilt, 'amul d'awa.
claimant, n. talib p. tullab; mudde'i.
clamour, n. dajji (doji); saiha.
clap [applaud), v. bza" "if, za" "aft, za""if (li),
class, n. sinf p. asnaf.
claw, n. difr (zifr) p. adfar (azfar), dafir.
clay, n. tin; [earth) tirab. ^ C^A^i^)
clean, a. ndif c. andaf p. ndaf; v. a. bnaddif, naddaft,
naddif p.p. miiaddaf.
cleanliness, n. nadafi.
clear, a. wadih; zahir; {transparent) a. sheffa-f ; [of ligtads)
safi ; raiyi"; v. a. browwi", rowwa"t, rowwi" p.p.
mrowwa"; clear sighted, nazr-uh taiyib.
clerk, n. ketib p. kitteb.
clever, a. shatir, c. ashtar p. shuttar.
climb, V. n. bit'amsha", t'amsha"t, t'amsha" ('ala) ; bit'ar-
bash, t'arbesht, t'arbash ('ala).
climate, n. menekh.
clock, n. se'a di"a"a; clock-maker, se'ati ; clock-tower,
birj as-s^'a; face of a clock, mina; hands of a clock,
'a"rab p. 'a"arib.
close, a. "arib p. "urab; (to fasten) v. a. bsekkir, sekkert,
sekkir p.p. msakker; {to shut) v. a. bughlu", ghala"t,
ghlu" p.p. maghlu".
closet, n. khizeni p. khzeyin.
cloth, n. jukh; saddle-cloth, libb^di; [for wiping) n.
mc^msaha ; futa.
clothe [to put clothes . on), v. a. blabbis, labbest, labbis ;
112 ARABIC MANUAL.
(lo provide with clothes) v. a. biksi, ksait, ksi p.p.
miksi; clothed, a. lebis.
clothes, n. p. tyeb; n. keswi ; bedli.
cloud, n. ghaimi p. ghiyum.
clove [spice), n. kibsh "arunful.
club, n. nebbut p. nebebit; {place of meeting) debesi
p. debeset; {of cards) sbeti.
coachman, n. 'arabaji.
coal, n. fahm hajr.
coarse, a. khishin.
coat, n. sitra p. sitrat (sitri p. sitari); saku p. saket;
overcoat, kebbut p. kbebit; jibbi p. jibeb.
cobbler, n. sekkef.
cobweb, n. 'ankebut; sidi 'ankebut.
cock, n. dik p. diyuk; (of a gun) dik.
cockroach, n. sarsur p. srasir.
coffee, n. "ahwi; (in the berry) benn {h'lnn); ground coffee,
benn mat-hun; coffee boiler, ghiWey'i; duli (doli); coffee-
mill, mat-hanit benn; coffee roaster, ma-hmsisa.; to roast
coffee, V. a. bhammis, hammast, hammis p.p. mhammas.
coffin, n. tebut p. twebit.
coin, n. 'umli ; v. a. bsikk, sekkeyt, sikk *umli ; bdu" ",
da" "ait, du""'umli.
cold, n. berd ; a. berid f. berdi ; (of persons) a. berden ;
(in the head) n. resh ; {in the chest) nizl ; to catch cold,
V. n. bibrud, baradt, brud ; / have a cold ifi the head,
ana mreshshah.
colic, n. maghs.
collar, n. "abbi p. "abbet; (of harness) kiddeni.
colleague, n. refi p. arfa".
collect, V. a. bijm'a, jem'at, jm'a p.p. mejmu'a.
college, n. medresi p. mederis.
VOCABULARY. II3
colonel, n. mir alay.
colour y n. lown p. elwen.
colt, n. mnhr p. mhur (mahari).
column, n. 'amud p. 'awemid.
comb, n. musht p. mshat; v. a. bmashshit, mashshatt,
mashshit p.p. mmashshat.
come, V. n. biji, jit, t'a; coi?te up, bitl'a, tl'at, tl'a ('ala);
come down, binzel, nzilt, inzel; cojne back, birj'a, rj'at
(rj'et), rj'a (rje'a).
comet, n. abu denab.
comfort, n. {ease) raha.
co?nf or table, a. mlib ; bi raha ; mirteh.
comical, a. mudhik.
coming, pres. part, jei; coming and going, raih u jei.
command, n. amr p. awemir; v. a. bi'mur, amert, emir
(umur).
co7nmander, n. amir; "eyid; kumandan.
commend, v. a. bimdah, madaht, mdah p.p. memduh.
commendation, n. medh (medih).
commerce, n. tijara; metjr.
commission, n. 'umuli {allowance to an agent),
common, a. derij c. adraj ; {universal) 'umumi, 'am ;
(plentiful) wajd (mowjud) bi kitra; ghazir; commonly,
ad. *umumen.
communicate, v. a. bbelligh, bellaght, belligh p.p. mbellagh.
communication, n. tebligh p. teblighat.
companion, n. refi*' p. arfa"; zmil p. zumela.
company, n. shirki p. sheraket; {milit:) buluk p. buluk^t.
comparatively, ad. bin-nisbi.
compare {with), v. a. bi"ebil, "abelt, "^bil (m'a).
comparison, n. m"ebeli; in comparison with, bil-m*'^beli ;
bin-nisbi ila.
8
114 ARABIC MANUAL.
compass, n. bikar.
compassion, n. shefa"a; ra'fi.
compel (to), V. a. bijbur, jebert, jbur p.p. mejbur ('ala).
compensate, v. a. b'owwid, 'owwadt, 'owwid p.p. m'ow-
wad ('ala of the person) ; to be compensated, bit'owwad,
t'owwadt.
compensation, n. t'awid.
competence, n. salahiyi.
competent, a. "adir ("edir).
complain (of), v. bitshekka, tshekkait, tshekka (min).
complaiyit, n. teshekki (shekwa) p. teshekkiyet.
complete, a. kemil ; v. a. bkemmil, kemmelt, kemmil p.p.
mkemmel.
cojnpletely, ad. bil-killiyi; tamemen.
complexion, n. lown al-wijh.
complicate, v. a. blebbik, lebbekt, lebbik p.p. mlebbek;
b'arbis, 'arbest, 'arbis p.p. m'arbas.
complication, n. irtibek.
compliment, n. teklif p. teklifet; v. a. bhenni, hennait, henni.
composed (of), a. murekkeb (min).
comprehend, v. a. bifham, fahimt, fham p.p. mafhum.
compromise, n. ittife" (ittifa") ; msewa ; v. a. bsewi, sa-
weyt, sewi p.p. msewa.
compulsion, n. ijbar.
conceal, v. a. bkhabbi, khabbait, khabbi p.p. mkhabba;
bikhfi, khafait, khfi p.p. mikhfi.
concede (give), v. a. bimnah, manaht, mnah; (allow) v.
bismah, semaht, smah (li).
concern, v. a. (3rd per.) bihimm, hamm; it does 7iot coft-
cern me, ma bikhuss-ni; ma bihimm-ni; ma biy'ani-ni;
it did not concern 7ne, ma ken bikhuss-ni.
concerning, pr. bkhusus; 'ala; min khusus.
VOCABULARY. 1 1 5
concessioriy n. imtiyez p. imtiyezet.
conciliate, v. a. bselim, selemt, selim.
conciliation, n. msalaha ; silha.
coficise, a. mukhtaser.
conclude, v. a. bkhallis, khallast, khallis; binhi, nahait,
nhi.
conclusioti, n. khatmi; netiji p. nete'ij.
condemn, v. bihkum, hakamt, hkum p.p. mahkum ('ala
of the person, ila of the thing),
condition, n. (state) hali; [stipulation) shart p. shurut.
conditionally, ad. 'ala shart.
condole (with), v. a. b'azzi, 'azzait, 'azzi ; bselli, selleyt,
selli.
condolence, n. t'aziyi.
conduct, n. sluk; siri; her conduct, sirt-ha; to lead (to),
V. a. bekhud, akhadt, khud (li).
cofifectioner, n. hilwenji p. hilwenjiyi.
confectionery, n. halawiyet.
confederacy, n. jumhuriyi ; muhalifi p. muhalifet.
confer (with), v. n. bitbahat, tbahatt, tbahat (m'a);
bitzekir, tzekirt, tzekir (m'a) ; (to give) b'ati, 'atait, 'ati.
confess, v. be'itirif, 'itaraft, e'itirif (bi); b"urr, "arrait,
"urr (bi).
confession, n. i"rar; 'itiraf.
confide (to), v. a. bsellim, sellemt, sellim p.p. msellem (li).
confidence, n. ti"a; emniyi.
confidently , ad. bil-emniyi.
confine, v. a. bihbus, habast, hbus (hbis) p.p. mahbus.
confirm, v. a. bsebbit, sebbett, sebbit p.p. msebbet.
confiscate, v. a. bi^juz, hajazt, hjuz p.p. mahjuz.
confuse, v. a. bkharbit, kharbatt, kharbit ; (morally) v. a.
b*arbis, 'arbest, 'arbis.
Il6 ARABIC MANUAL.
confusion, n. kharbata; [moral) teshwish.
congratulate, v. bhenni, hennait, henni; bberik, berakt,
berik (li).
congratulation, n. tebrik; tehniyi.
conjecture, n. takhmin; v. n. bkhammin, khamment,
khammin.
conjurer, n. mz'abir.
connect [with), v. a. busul, wasalt, usul (usfl) p.p. mowsul (bi).
connection, n. ittisal; 'ala**a; [relation) "arabi p. "araiyib.
conjioisseur , n. khabir.
conquer, v. a. biftah, fataht, ftah p.p. maftuh.
conscience, n. damir.
conscious, a. we'i (wa'i).
coftscription, n. "ur'a.
conscript, n. 'asker "ur'a.
consecutively, ad. bit-teb'aiyi.
consent, n. rida; v. [to) birda, irdit, irda (fi or li).
consequence, n. netiji p. nete'ij.
consider, v. biftikir, iftakert, iftikir (fi or li).
consider atio7i, n. [thought) ta'ammul; [respect) 'itibar.
consign {to), v. a. bsellim, sellemt, sellim p.p. msellem (li).
consigrwient [of goods), n. irsaliyi.
cojisisting (of), a. murekkeb (min) ; m'ellef (min.)
consolation, n. t'aziyi.
console, v. a. b'azzi, 'azzait, 'azzi; bselli, selleyt, selli.
conspicuous, a. zahir; wadih.
conspiracy, n. mu'amera; hareki; kemin.
constancy, n. sebet.
co7istant, a. sebit; [continual) de'im.
Constantinople, Istambul; al-isteni.
constantly, ad. de*imen; 'ala dewam.
consternation, n. khowf; r'abi.
VOCABULARY. II7
constipation y n. "abd ; kitem.
construct^ v. a. b'ammir, 'ammert, *ammir p.p. m'ammer.
consul^ n. "onsul p. "anasil; Consul General, "onsul
jeneral; Vice-Consul, "onsul zghir (wekil "onsul); cori-
sulate, l^unslato ("unslato).
consult, V. a. bshewir, shewert, shewir.
consumption, n. (disease) sil; (food) ma"tu'iyi.
contact, n. ittisal.
contagion, n. 'adwi.
contagious, a. m'edi.
contain, v. a. (3rd per.) bise'a, se*a.
cojitaminate, v. a. be'adi, 'adait.
contemptible, a. dun (deni) ; ha"ir.
cotitent, n. rida; "ana'a.
contented, a. radi; "en'i.
contest, n. mnazera.
continual, a. de'im; mustmurr.
continually , ad. d^'imen.
continue, v. a. bdewim, dewamt, dewim; v. n. (3i<i per.)
bidum, dam (dem); bitul, tal; bitowwil, towwal.
contraband, n. tehrib.
contract, n. kontrato ; mu"aweli ; to contract with, b'amii
kontrato m'a.
contradict, v. a. b"^wim, "^wamt, "^wim; b'arid, 'aradt,
'arid.
contrary (to), ad. mkhalif ; pr. dudd ; on the contrary,
bil-'aks; bil-khilaf.
contrive, v. a. bdebbir, debbert, debbir.
contrivance, n. tedbir p. tedebir; teswi; instinbat; (in-
vention) ikhtira'a.
convalescence, n. shifa; na"i.
convenient, a. mw6fi"; mn^sib.
Il8 ARABIC MANUAL.
convent, n. deyr p. diyura.
convention, n. ma'ahedi.
conversation, n. haki p. hakiyat.
convert, n. muhtidi; v. a. [of religion) bihdi, hadait,
hdi. p.p. mihdi; [of money) bhowwil, howwelt, howwil
p.p. mhowwel.
convey, v. a. bin"ul, na"alt, n"ul (n"il) p.p. men"ul.
coyivict, n. miznib p. miznibin.
convict [to), V. a. bkhatti, khattait, khatti ; v. bihkum, hakamt,
hkum p.p. mahkum {^2X2^0/ the person, 1X2^ of the punishment),
conviction, n. hukm; [belief) i"n'a.
cook, n. ashji p. ashjiyi; v. a. bitbukh, tabakht, tbukh.
cool, a. berid; v. a. bberrid, berradt, berrid. p.p. mber-
rad; v. n. (3rd per.) biyibrud, bered.
coop, n. "afas p. "afas.
copper, n. nahas.
coppersmith, n. nahhas.
copying, n. nsakhi.
copy, n. niskha p. n{sakh; v. a. binsakh, nasakht, nsakh
p.p. mansukh.
coquette, n. ghannuji; to coquet, v. a. and n. bgliannij,
ghannejt, ghannij.
coral, n. mirjen.
cord, n. maras.
core, n. "elb ("alb).
cork, n. fellini p. fellinet c. p. fellin.
corkscrew, n. berrimi p. berrimet.
coryi, n. "amh ; [oji the foot) mismar.
corner, n. zewi p. zawaiya; "urni p. "arani.
corporal, n. on bashi; a. jesedi.
corpse, n. jifi p. ji'ef; jitti p. jitet.
corpulent, a. smin p. sman; nasih c. ansah.
VOCABULARY. I I9
correcty a. sahih; mazbut; v. a. bsahhih, sahhaht, sahhih
p.p. msahhah; bsallih, sallaht, sallih p.p. msallah.
correspond withy [by letter) v. a. brasil, raselt, rasil ; [to
agree with) v. n. (3rd per.) bitabi", taba" (li).
correspondence y n. mrasili.
correspojident, n. mketib; mrasil.
corridor, n. ma'addiyi; memsha p. memeshi.
corrupt, a. [of persons) murtikib.
corruption, n. (bribery) fesed.
cost, n. s'er; kilfi; "imi; v. n. (3rd per.) bikellif, kellef.
cotton, n. "utun.
couch, n. diwen; ma" 'ad.
cough, n. s'ali; v. n. bis'ul, sa'alt, s'ul.
council, n. mejlis; adniiyiistrative council, mejlis al-idara;
coimcil of state, shovvra 'ad-dowli.
counsel, n. nasiha; meshura; (to advise) v. a. binsah,
nasaht, insah; v. bshur, shirt, shxxv {^2i\di); to take counsel
with, V. a. bshewir, shewert, shewir.
count, V. a. be'idd, 'addeyt, 'idd p.p. m'adud.
counterfeit, v. a. bzowwir, zowwert, zowwir p.p. mzowwer.
country, n. beled p. bilden ; (as opposed to town) berriyi ;
countryman, ibn (p. uled) watn.
couplet, n. beyt p. abiyet.
courage, n. sheje'aa (seje'aa); jera*a.
courageous, a. shuje*a (seje'a).
courier, n. se'i (sa'i).
course, n. (of a river) mejra; (way) tari"; race-coursey
miden; {in driving) mishwar; of course, ad. min kill
bidd; ma'Tura; m'alum.
court, n. (of a sovereign) blat; (of a house) dar p. dur.
court of justice, mahkemi p. mhakim; d^*iri p. dw^'ir ;
civil court, d^'irit al-hu"u"; criminal court, d^'irit aj-
I20 ARABIC MANUAL.
jeza; commercial court, mejlis at-tijara; court of i^t in-
stance, de'irit al-bedeyi; court of appeal, de'irit al-
isti'naf; court of cassation, de'irit at-temiz.
courteous, a. adib.
courtesy, n. adab; lutf.
courtier, n. nedim p. nudema.
cousin, n. {by paternal uncle) ibn (f. bint) 'amm; {by
pat, aunt), ibn (f. bint) 'ammi; {by maternal uncle)
ibn (f. bint) khal; {by mat. aunt) ibn (f. bint) khali.
co^'er, n. ghata p. ughtiyi; black silk cover worn by
women, habara ; {coloured) melaiyi ; v. a. bghatti,
ghattait, ghatti p.p. mghatta.
covet, V. a. bishtihi, shtahait.
coveteous, a. tamma'a.
covey, n. reff p. rfuf.
cow, n. ba"ara p. ba**ar.
coward, n. jeb^n p. jubena.
cowardice, n. jebeni.
coxcomb, n. ghewi (ghawi).
crab, n. salta'un (sulta'an) p. slata'in.
crack, V. a. biksur, kesert, ksur p.p. maksur; v. a.
(3rd per.) bishi"", sha"" p.p. mesh'*u"; bifsukh, fasakh;
p.p. mafsukh; n. shi" " p. shu"u"; fiskh p. fsukh.
cradle, n. sur p. aserir (sraiyir).
craft, n. {trade) san'a p. sanai'ya ; hirfi ; (fraud) hili.
crane, n. kirki p. kraki.
crawl, V. n. bdebdib, debdebt, debdib.
crazy, a. mef'u'a.
cream, n. "ishta.
crease, n. j'adi p. j'ad^t; v. a. bja'wid, ja'wadt, ja'wid.
create {cause), v. a. bsebbib, sebbebt, sebbib p.p. msebbeb
('an); God creates, Allah biyikhli", khala" p.p. makhlu".
VOCABULARY. 121
creation, n. {of the world) khal" al-'alam.
creator (the), al-khali".
creatures, n. p. makhlu"at.
credentials, n. mektub towsiyi; shehedi p. shehedet.
credit, n. {consideration) 'itibar ; {of money) emniyi ; kre-
dito; debit and credit, luh wa 'aleyh; to give credit
to {money), v. a. bdeyyin, deyyent, deyyin; [to believe)
bsaddi", sadda"t, saddi".
creditor, n. deyyen, p. deyyeni (medainiyi).
crescent, n. hilel.
cress, n. irshed; {watercress) "urra (hurra).
crest, n. [of a bird) "unbra.
Crete, krit; Cretans, ahli krit.
crier, n. (public) dellel (dellal); mnedi.
crime, n. zenb p. znub; jneyi p. jneyet.
criminal, a. jeni; n. mijrim.
crimson, a. "frmizi.
cripple, n. 'ajiz p. 'ujjez; mukarsah p. mukarsihin.
crocodile, n. timseh p. temesih.
crocus, n. z'aferan.
crook, n. {shepherds) *asa; [of a stick) mihjeni; 'akfi.
crooked, a. 'awaj f. *owja p. 'uj.
crop, n. mowsam p. mwasim.
cross, n. salib p. sulben ; [put of temper) a. z'alen ; v. a.
bi"t'a (bu"t*a) '*at*at, u"t'a; cross road, n. msallabi.
crow, n. ghrab p. ghurb^n.
crowd, n. jemhur kbir.
crowded, a. mel^n; mezhum.
crown, n. tej p. tij^n.
crosier, n. *ukkaz.
crucify, v. a. bislub, salabt, slub, p.p. maslub.
cruel, a. "asi.
122 RABIC MANUAL.
cruelty, n. "asewi.
criimbj n. kesra p. kesr.
crupper, n. hiyasa.
crusaders {the), n. p. as-salibiyi.
crusades {the), n. p. hurub as-salibiyi.
crush, V. a. bis-ha", saha"t, is-ha" p.p. mas-hu" ; bizhum,
zahamt, zhum.
cry, V. n. {to weep) bibki, bakit, bki ; v. a. {to call) bnedi,
nadait, nedi; v. bindah, nadaht, ndah (li); n. sowt
(sot) ; srakh.
crystal, n. billowr (bellur).
cucumber, n. khiyara p. khiyar.
cue, n. {billiard) 'asa biliardo; {hint) ishara.
cuff, n. {blow) latmi ; kefif; {shirt) kimm (kumm) p. kemem.
cuirass, n. dir*a p. dru'a.
culprit, n. mfznib; mi'jrim.
cultivate, v. a. biflah, felaht, flah p.p. mafluh.
cultivation, n. fleha (felaha).
cunning, a. dehi ; muhtel ; a cunnifig rogue , n. hielji.
cup, n. finjen p. fnejin.
cupboard, n. khizeni p. khzeyin.
cupola, n. "ubbi p. "ibeb.
curdled, a. rab.
curds {curdled milk), n. rowbi.
cure, n. shi'fa; v. a. bishfi, shefeyt, shfi; cured, a. shifi.
curl, n. j'adi p. j'adet; v. a. bja'wid, ja'wadt, ja'wid;
bliff, leffeyt, lifif; curly, a. j'adi.
currants, n. p. "ashlamish.
currency, n. 'umli derji.
current, (of a streafn) n. mejra; (of money) a. derji.
curry (a horse), v. a. bhiss, hassait, hiss.
curry-co7nb, n. mhassi.
VOCABULARY. I23
cursej n. I'ani p. I'anet; v. a. bil'an, la'ant, I'an p.p.
merun.
curtain, n. birdeyi p. birdeyet; stara p. steyir; curtain-
rod , n. 'asa.
cushion, n. mkhaddi; (large) mesned p. mesenid.
custom, n. 'adi p. a'adet c. p. awe'id.
customer, n. zbun p. zbunet.
custom-house, n. gumruk ; customs, n. p. rusumet.
cut, V. a. b"uss, "assait, '*uss p.p. ma"sus ; bu"ta (bi"t*a)
"at'at, u"t'a p.p. ma"tu'a.
ctitting, n. teksir.
cutlass, n. seyf p. siyuf; yatakan p. yatakanet.
cymbal, n. sunj p. snuj.
cypress, n. serwi p. serwet c. p. seru.
Cyprus, "Ubrus; Cypriote, a. "ubrusi.
dagger, n. khanjer p. khnejir.
daily, a. yowmi (yomi); by the day (of work) yomiyi.
daisy, n. a"hwan.
dam, n. sidd p. sdud.
damage, n. darar; v. a. bdurr, darrait, durr p.p. madrur;
bsa**it, sa"att, sa"it p.p. msa*'at; damaged, a. sa"at
(of goods).
Damascus, sham (shem); Dimeshk ash-sham.
damp, n. rtubi; a. rutib c. artab v. a. brattib, rattabt,
rattib.
dance, n. ra"s; v. n. bir"u.s, ra"a.st, ru"us.
dancer, n. ra"as.
danger, n. khatr.
124 ARABIC MANUAL.
dangerous J a. mukhtir, khutir.
Danube, Danub.
Dardanelles, Dardanil.
dare, v. n. bisterji, sterjeyt, sterji; btjaser, tjasert, tjaser;
btjarr'a, tjarr'at, tjarr'a.
darky a. 'atm f. 'atmi; m'atem f. m'atmi; to grow dark,
V. n. (3rd per.) bit'atim, 'atamit ad-diniyi (the world),
darkness, n. 'atmi; zulmi.
darling, a. 'aziz; habib.
darn, v. a. birti, ratait, irti p.p. merti.
dash, V. a. bishlah, shalaht, shlah; birmi, rmait, rmi.
date, n. (time) terikh; (fruit) heldih (fresh); taimr (dried),
daughter, n. bint p. benat (benet) , daughter-in-law, kinni.
dawdle, v. n. bmasiy'a, masiy'at, masiy'a ; blowt'i, lowt'at,
lowt'i.
day, n. yowm (yom) p. iyem (iyam) ; fete-day, 'eid p.
*aiy^d; fast-day, yowm sowm (yom som); day and
night, ad. nahar u leyl; day by day, ad. yowm b'ad
yowm; by day, fin-nahar; all day, kill an-nahar; day
of judgment, n. yowm al-"iyemi (for days of the week
vide gramfuar).
dead, a. me'it p. amwat (mota).
deadly, a. muhlik; "attd.
deaf, a. atrash f. tarsha.
deafen, v. a. btarrash, tarrasht, tarrish.
deal, (wood) n. snowbar; a great deal, ad. ktiri ktir;
bi-ziedi; v. n. (to deal in) btejir, tejert, tejir (bi);
V. a. (of cards) bdowwir, dowwert, dowwir; bfarri",
farra"t, farri".
dealer, n. tejir p. tujjar.
dear, a. 'aziz; (expensive) ghali c. aghla.
death, n. mowt (mot).
VOCABULARY. 1 25
debt, n. deyn p. diyun; iji debt {a debtor) a. and n.
mediyun.
decanter y n. kraf.
deceased, a. (of moslems) merhum ; (christians) mutwaffi.
deceit, n. ghishsh.
deceive, v. a. bghishsh, ghashshait, ghishsh p.p. magh-
shush.
deceiver, n. ghashshesh.
December, n. kenun al-owwel.
decency, n. leya"a.
decent, a. leyi".
decide, v. be'itimid, 'etemedt, e'itimid fala); bsammim,
sammemt, sammim fikr ('ala).
decision, n. hukm ; "arar.
declaration, n. ta"rir; tasrih.
declare, v. a. b'*arrir, "arrert, "arrir.
declivity, n. nezli.
decorate, v. a. bzeyyin, zeyyent, zeyyin p.p. mzeyyen.
decoration, n. zini.
decrease, v. a. b'ellil, "allelt, "ellil; bna"*'is, na""ast,
na"'*is; V. n. (3rd per.) bi"ill, ''€i\y(in value) [i^^ per.)
biyun"us, na"as; (of disease) bikhuff, khaff; n. na"s.
decree, n. amr p. awemir.
decrepit, a. 'ajiz p. 'ujjez.
deduct, V. a. bitrah, taraht, trah p.p. matruh; bnezzil,
nezzelt, nezzil.
deduction, n. tenzil; is"at.
deed, n. *amel p. a'mel; (title deed) hijji p. hujej; (deed
of sale), hijjit bey'a.
deep, a. *ami" (ghami**) c. aghma** p. ghma".
deer, n. ghazd p. ghizlen.
defamation, n. t*an ; iftfra.
126 ARABIC MANUAL.
defamcy v. bit'an, ta'ant, ta'an (fi).
defeat, v. a. bighlub, ghalabt, ghlub p.p. maghlub; to
be defeated, binghilib, inghalibt; binhizim, inhazamt
p.p. minhizim.
defect, n. na"s; 'aib p. 'uyub.
defective, a. na"is p. nu"a.s.
defend, v. a. bihmi, hamait, hmi; (in a legal sense or
to stand up for) v. bhami, hameyt, hami ('an).
defendant, n. mudde' 'aleyh.
defer, v. a. b'ekhkhir, ekhkhert, ekhkhir p.p. m'ekhkher;
b'ejjil, ejjelt, ejjil p.p. m'ejjel.
deference, n. ihtiram.
defile, n. madi"; v. a. bnejjis, nejjest, nejjis; defiled, a.
nejis.
definite, a. belt; "ati*.
degree, n. dereji.
delay, n. 'a"a; v. a. b'owwa", 'owwa"t, 'owwe" p.p.
m*owwa"; V. n. bit'owwa", t'owwa"t, t'owwa".
deliberate, a. himil ; mihil ; {to reflect) v. biftiker, iftakert,
iftikir (fi or li); deliberately, ad. 'ala mahl-ak (with
pro. suff,).
delicacy, n. nahafi; (weakness) du'af.
delicate, a. nahif p. nuhafa; (weak) da'if p. da'af.
delight, n. bast; farah; surur; v. a. (3rd per.) biyubsut,
basat; biferrih, farrah; delighted, a. mesrur.
delightful, a. mferrih (mufirih).
delirious (to be), v. n. bihzi, hazait; bikhlut, khalatt
fil-kelem.
deliver (to), v. a. bsellim, sellemt, sellim p.p. msellem
(li); (liberate) v. a. bitlu", tala"t, tlu".
deliverance, n. khalas.
deluge, n. tufan (towafan).
VOCABULARY. 1 27
demand^ n. talab p. talbet c. p. matalib; bitlub, talabt,
tlub p.p. matlub.
demolish, v. a. bihdum, hadamt, hdum p.p. mahdum.
demon, n. shaytan (sheytan) p. shaiyatin ; iblis.
detiy n. maghara p. maghaiyir.
denial, n. inkar.
Denmark, Denimark; Dane, a. danemarki.
dense, a. smik p. smak.
dentist, n. hakim snen p. hukema snen.
deny, v. a. binkur, nakert, nkur p.p. munker.
depart, v. n. bsefir, sefert, sefir.
departure, n. sefer.
depend (on), v. n. (3rd per.) biyitwa" "af, twa" "af
Cala).
depopulate, v. a. bikhrub, kharabt ; depopulated, a. kharab.
deposit, n. ameni; wadi'a; v. a. bud'a, wad'at, ud'a p.p.
mowdu'a.
depth, n. ghum*'.
descend, v. n. binzel, nzilt, inzel.
descent, n. nezli.
describe (to), v. a. bishrah, sharaht, shrah (li); described^
a. mazkur.
description, n. wasf.
desert, n. shol ; v. n. (milit:) bihrub, harabt, hrub; v. a.
bdeshshir, dashshert, deshshir.
deserter, n. herib.
desertion, n. harab.
deserve, v. a. bistaha"**, staha""eyt; bist^hil, stehelt.
deserving, a. must^hil.
design, n. ghaiyi; "asd p. ma"asid; (sketch) resm p.
rusum.
desire, n. rughbi; v. a. birghab, rghibt, rghab.
128 ARABIC MANUAL.
desirable, a. marghub.
desk, n. mektebi; beshtakta.
destroy, v. a. bikhrub, kharabt, khrub; bihdum, hadamt,
hdum p.p. mahdum.
destruction, n. kharab; hadam.
detach, v. a. bfikk, fekkait, fikk p.p. mafkuk.
details, n. p. tafsilat.
detain, v. a. b'owwa'*, *owwa"t, *owwe" p.p. m'owwa".
detest, V. a. bikrah, krfht p.p. makruh.
devil, n. iblis; shaytan.
devise, v. a. bdebbir, debbert, debbir.
devotee, n. zehid.
devotiotit n. 'ibedi.
dew, n. nidi.
dexterous, a. shatir, p. shuttar; mehir.
dialogue, n. hadis; mukalemi.
diamond, n. iimazi p. ilmaz (ilmas); (cards) dineri.
diarrhaay n. is-hal; jeriyan.
diary, n. yowmiyi; jurnel.
dice, n. zahr.
dictionary, n. "amus p. "awamis.
die, v. n. bmut, mutt, mut.
differ (from), v. n. bikhtflif, ikhteleft ('an or m'a) ; v. n.
(3rd per.) biyifri", fara" ('an).
difference, n. far" p. fru" (fru^at).
different, a. mukhtilif.
difficult, a. s'ab c. as'ab.
difficulty, n. s'obi (s'ubi).
dig, V. a. bihfur, hafert, hfur p.p. mahfur.
digest, V. a. bihdum, hadamt, hdum p.p. mahdum.
dignified, a. jelil; wa"ur.
dignity, n. wa"ar.
VOCABULARY. 1 29
dilatory y a. buti; himil.
diligence, ijtihad; ihtimam.
dilute, V. a. bkhaffif, khaffeft, khaffif p.p. mkhaflfef.
dijn, a. muzlim.
dimension, n. "iyes.
diminish, v. a. bna""is, na""ast, na""is; v. n. (3rd per.)
biyun"us, na"as; diminished, a. na"is.
dine, v. n. (at mid-day) bitghadda, tghaddeyt, tghadda;
biftar, fatart, ftar; (iri the evefting) bit'ashsha, t'ash-
hait, t'ashsha.
dining-room, n. udat sufra; beyt at-towli.
dinner, n. (mid-day) ftur; ghada; (evening) ^asha,; (dinner -
table), sufra; tovvlit al-ghada.
dip, V. a. bghammis, ghammast, ghammis ; bghutt, ghatteyt,
ghutt.
direct, a. dughri; v. a. (to) bdull, delleyt (dellait), dull
(*ala); direct me to the road, duU-ni 'al at-tari".
direction, n. tari"; derb; jeha p. jehet; (;«^«^^^;;/^«/) idara
p. idarat.
directly, ad. halan; halla".
director, n. mudir.
dirt, n. wasakh.
dirty, a. wisikh; v. a. bwassikh, wassakht, wassikh, p.p.
mwassakh.
disagree, (with) v. n. bikhtilif, ikhteleft, ikhtflif (m'a).
disappear, v. n. bghib, ghibt (kint ghaiyib), ghib; dis-
appeared, pres. part, ghaiyib (tised as an adj.).
disappearance, n. ikhtffa.
disappoint, V. a. bkhaiyib, khaiyebt; bi"t'a (bu"t'a), "at'at
amel-i (with pro stiff.) ; disappoiiited, pres. part, khaiyib
(used as an adj.).
disappointment, n. khaibi.
9
I30 ARABIC MANUAL.
disaster y n. msibi p. msaiyib.
discernment y n. futni.
dischargey [send away) v. a. bish-hat, shahatt, shahat,
p.p. mash-hut; b"all'i, "all'at, "all'i.
discipline y n. nazam.
disclose y v. a. bizhir, azhert, zaher; bbeyyin, beyyent,
beyyin.
discoHtenty n. adem rida.
discontented y a. ghair radi.
discount y n. tenzil. ••
discourteous y a. bila adab; "alii adab.
discovery v. a. bujad, wajadt, ujad; v. biktishif, iktesheft,
iktishif ('ala) p.p. mukteshef.
discuss, V. bitzekir, tzekert, tzekir (fi).
disease y n. marad.
diseased, a. marid p. murada.
disengaged, a. fadi.
disgracey n. mu'ib.
disguisey v. bsettir, settert, settir ('ala) v. n. bitsettir,
tsettert, tsettir p.p. mutsettir.
disgust y n. kfrih.
dishy n. jat p. jatet.
dislocate, v. a. bifkush, fakasht p.p. mefkush.
disloyaly a. khaiyin.
disloyalty, n. khiyeni.
dismal, a. mughimm ; {of persons) keddir.
dismiss, v. a. bitrud, taradt, trud p.p. matrud. (see discharge),
dismissal, n, 'azl.
dismounty (from) v. n. bhowwil, howwelt, howwil ('an).
disobedience, n, 'isiyanj mkhalifi.
disobedient y a. 'asi; mkhalif.
disobey, v. a. bkhalif, khaleft, khalif.
• VOCABULARY. 13!
disorder, n. 'adem tertib.
dispatch, v. a. bib'at, ba'att, b'at; n. tahrir p. tahrirat;
mektub p. meketib.
dispensary, n. farmashia.
disperse, v. a. bferri", ferra"t, ferri" p.p. mferra"; to be
dispersed, v. n. bitferri", tferra"t.
displease, v. a. bkeddir, keddert, keddir p.p. mkeddirj
it displeases me, bikedder-ni ; to be displeased, v. n.
bitkeddir, tkeddert.
displeasure, n. keder.
disposition, [temper) n. tab'a.
dispute, n. jidal; toshi (towshi); v. a. [to quarrel with),
bkhasim, khasamt, khasim; bkhani", khana"t, khani".
disrespect, n. 'adem ihtiram.
dissolve, v. a. bdowwib, dowwabt, dowwib; v. n. (3rd per.)
bidub, dab.
distance, n. mesefi. ^
distant, a. be'id p. ba'ad. /f^^
distinct, a. wadih; zahir; beyyin.
distinguished, a. mumtaz.
distress, n. di".
distribute (among), v. a. bferri", ferra"t, ferri" p.p.
mferra" ('ala); bwazz'i, wazz'ait, wazz'i ('ala).
distribution, n. tefri".
district, n. mu"at'a.
disturb, (fftorally) v. a. bshowwish, showwesht afkar-uh
p.p. mshowwesh; [of things) v. bkharbit, kharbatt,
kharbit (fi).
disturbance, n. kharbata.
ditch, n. khenda" p. khanadi*' (khn^di"); hafra p. Jiafr.
ditto, ad. sherh-uh ; mitl-uh [with pro. suff.),
divan, n. diw^n; ma"*ad.
132 ARABIC MANUAL. '
dive, V. n. bightus, ghatast, ghtus.
diver, n. ghattas p. ghattasi.
diversion, n. tesliyi.
divert, [to amuse') v. a. bselli, selleyt, selli ; to be diverted,
V. n. bitsella, tselleyt, tselli ; [to change the direction of)
V. a. bhowwil, howwelt, howwil.
divide, v. a. bi"sum, "asamt, u"sum p.p. ma"sum; to be
divided, bin"isim, in"asamt.
divideftd, n. faiyiz.
divine, a. dini; ilahi.
divorce, n. tala" ; v. a. btalli", talla"t, talli" p.p .mtalla";
to be divorced, bittalli'*, ttalla*'t.
dizzy, a. deyikh.
do, V. a. b'amil, 'amilt, 'amul ('amil); it will do, hiyis-wd,.
doctor, n. hakim p. hukema; tabib p. atibba.
docu7nent, n. sakk p. skuk.
dog, n. kelb p. kleb; female dog, kelbi.
doll, n. 'aiyibi p. 'aiyeb; I'ubi (I'ebi) p. lu*ab.
dome, n. "ubbi p. "ibeb.
domestic, {not wild) a. juwwi.
domicile, n. beled ; watn ; beyt ; mesken.
donation, n. 'atiyi p. 'ataiya.
donkey, n. himar p. hamir; she donkey, himara.
door, n. bab (beb) p. abwab (bweb) ; trap-door, beb sirr ;
door-keeper, n. bawweb.
dot, n. nu'*ta p. nu"at.
double, a. mda'af; v. a. bda'if, da'aft, da'if p.p. mda'af;
double-faced, bi wejheyn wilseneyn (lit, with two faces
and ttuo tongues),
doubt, n. shekk p. shukukj shubha; v. bshikk, shekkait,
shikk (fi).
doubtless, ad. bidun shubhi; bila shekk.
VOCABULARY. 1 33
dough, n. 'ajin.
dovey n. hamemi p. hamemet c. p. hamem; ring-dove,
hamem mtowwa" ; turtle-dove, hamemi stetiyi.
dower, n. sda"; mahr; jihaz.
down, ad. ila taht ; down-hill, f i nezli ; down-stairs, taht.
doze, V. n. bin 'as, n'ist, n'as.
draft, n. muswaddi.
dragoman, n. terjuman.
drag, n. {for carriages^ shaht; v. a. bis-hab, sahabt,
is-hab p.p. mes-hub; (to draw) v. a. bjurr, jarrait,
jurr p.p. mejrur.
drain, n. balu'a.
draper, n. khurdeji; bey'a jukh; jawwakh.
draught, n. mejra hawa.
draw, V. a. bsowwir, sowwert, sowwir p.p. msowwer.
drawer, n. jarur p. jwarir; drawers, n. kalson.
drawing, n. resm ; sura.
dreadful, a. mukhif; ha'il (heyil).
dream, n. menam p. menamat; hulm p. ahlam.
dress, n. tyeb ; keswi ; v. a. blabbis, labbest, labbis ; v. n.
bilbus, Ibist, ilbus p.p. melbus; dressed, a. lebis.
drill, n. t'alim.
drink, [drinking) n. shirb ; v. a. bishrab, shribt, shrab;
(to get drunk), v. n. biskar, sikert.
drive to, (in a carriage) v. n. biruh, riht, ruh, m'al-
*arabiyi ; birkeb, rkibt, irkeb bil-karrosa.
drive, n. mishwar; driver, n. 'arabaji.
drop, n. nu"ta p. nu"at; v. a. birmi, rmait, rmi; v. n.
bu"'a, wa"**at, u"'a.
dropsy, n. istis"a.
drought, n. "aht.
drown, v. n. bighra", ghara"t (ghari"t), ughra"; v. a.
134 ARABIC MANUAL.
bgharri", gharra"t, gharri"; drowned, pres. part. ghar"an
{used as an adj.).
drug, n. ijza; dawa.
druggist, n. saideli; farmashyeni.
drum, n. tabl p. tbul; [small) dirbekki.
drunk, {intoxicated) a. sekran; drunkard, n. sikri.
Druze, Derzi p. Druz.
dry, a. neshif c. anshaf; yebis; v. a. bnashshif, nashs-
heft, nashshif; byebbis, yebbest, yebbis; v. n. (3rd per.)
biyinshef, nishif; biyibes, yebis ; bijiff, jeff; {of clothes
before the fire) v. a. bihmi, hamait, hmi — 'al an-nar.
dual, n. mtenna (msenna).
duck, n. batta p. batt; {wild duck) batt berri.
due {to), a. mustahi" (li).
dull, a. belid; berid; (dim) lown-uh kfddir.
dumb, a. akhras; deaf and dumb, atrash u akhras.
dun (horse), a. ahmar f. hamra.
dung, n. zibl; (of horses) fishki.
duplicate, n. niskha at-teni; in duplicate, niskhateyn.
durable, a. d^'im.
during, pr. middi.
dtist, n. ghabra; dust-cloak, burnus p. baranis; dust-pan,
mejrud p. mejerid ; duster, n. memsaha.
duty, n. wejbet; custom duty, resm giimruk.
dwarf, n. "azemi; "asir al-'*ami.
dwelling, n. {habitation) beyt p. biyut ; mesken p. msekin.
dye, n. sbagh; v. a. bisbagh, sabaght, sbagh p.p. masbugh.
dyer, n. sabbagh.
dynasty, n. seleli.
dysentery, n. zintariyi.
VOCABULARY. I35
E.
each, a. kill (kull) ; each one, kill wehid (wahid) ; each
other, ba'ad-um.
eager, a. raghib.
eagerness, n. rughbi.
eagle, n. nisr p. nusur.
ear, n. izn (idn) p. izneyn (adaneyn); ear-ring, har'a
p. hala".
early, a. bekkir ; ad. 'ala biikra ('a bukra) ; to be early, v. n.
bbekkir, bekkert, bekkir; early in the ^norning, 'a bukra.
earii, v. a. birbah, rbiht, irbah; bikseb, ksibt, kseb.
earnest, a. mujtfhid; jad; n. r'abun; in earnest, min jedd,
earth, n. ard.
earthenware, n. fakhkhar.
earthquake, n. zelzeli p. zelezil; {a shock) hezzi.
earwig, n. abu m'*ass.
ease, n. suhuli ; (comfort) raha.
easily, ad. bis-suhuli.
east, n. mishri"; eastern, a. shar"i.
easter, n. al-fasah.
easy, a. heyyin; sihl.
eat, V. a. bekol, akelt, kol.
eatables, n. p. ma'kulat (m^'kul^t).
eating, n. akl.
ebb [tide), n. jezr.
ebony, n. abnus.
eccentric, a. gharib p. ghurb.
echo, n. si da.
eclipse, n. (^/ ///^ jw;/) ksuf ash-shems; (of the moon)
khsuf al-"amr.
136 ARABIC MANUAL.
economical, a. mwaffir.
economy, n. tufir (towfir).
edge, n. haffi p. haffet c. p. hafefi.
edict, n. firman p. firmanat c. p. firamin.
educate, v. a. brabbi, rabbait, rabbi p.p. mrabba ; b'allim,
'allamt, 'allim.
education, n. terbiyi.
eel, n. hanklis.
efface, v. a. bimhi, mahait, mhi.
effect, n. netiji p. nete'ij.
effects, n. p. howeyij ; 'afsh ; awe'i.
effort, n. himmi; ijtihad.
egg, n. baida (beyda) p. baidat c. p. baid (beyd); boiled
eggs, baid maslu"; poached — , baid m"ashr; fried — ,
baid mi"li; soft-boiled — , baid brisht; hard-boiled — ,
baid mistwi; yolk of — , sfar baid; white of — , zlal
baid; eggshell, "ishr; egg-cup, zarf p. zrufi; to break
eggs (for cooking), v. a. bif'us, fa"ast, lu"us al-baid;
egg-plant, n. bettinjan.
Egypt, Misr; Egyptian, a. misri.
either — or, con. imma — imma.
eject, V. a. btall'i, tall'at, tall'i.
elastic, n. matat; mighait (mugheyt); a. (^'^^?/^) mubhem.
elbow, n. ku'a p. akw'a.
elder, a. akbar fil-'umr.
elect, V. a. bintikhib, intakhabt, intikhib p.p. muntakhab.
election, n. intikhab.
elegance, n. zarafi.
elegafit, a. zarif p. zuraf.
element, n. mebda p. mabedi.
elephant, n. fil p. afiyal.
elevation, n. mahall 'aali; telli p. tellet c. p. tlel (tlal).
VOCABULARY. 1 37
elm-tree, n. bu"isa.
eloquence i n. fasaha.
eloquent, a. fasih p. fusaha.
else, ad. ghair; something else, shey (shi) ghair-uh.
embark, v. n. binzel, nzilt, inzel fil-merkeb ; v. a. bnezzil,
nezzelt, nezzil (li).
ejnbarrass, v. a. blebbik, lebbekt, lebbik p.p. mlebbek.
embarrassment, n. lebeki.
embassy, n. sefara.
embrace, v. a. b'ani", 'ana"t, 'ani" p.p. mu'ani".
embroider, v. a. btarriz, tarrazt, tarriz p.p. mtarraz.
embroidery, n. tutriz.
emerald, n. zmurrud.
emerge, v. n. bitl'a, tl'at, tl'a.
emergency, n. hadisi fow" al-'adi.
emetic, n. mnatti".
emigrant, n. mhejir (mhajir).
emigrate, v. n. bhejir, hajert, hejir; v. binzah, nazaht,
nzeh (min).
emigration, n. mhajera.
eminent, a. mesh-hur; shehir.
emperor, n. imberatur.
empire, n. imberatoriyi; saltani.
employ, v. a. bistakhdim, stakhdamt, stakhdim p.p.
mustakhdam.
employer, n. mustakhdim.
employment, n. shighl (shughl) ; khidmi.
empress, n. meleki p. meleket; imberatura.
efnpty, a. fadi ; ferigh ; v. a. bfaddi, faddait, faddi ; bfer-
righ, ferraght, ferrigh. ^oS-,^^..^
enamel, n. mina.
encamp, (on or in) v. n. bhill, hallait, hill ('ala or fi).
138 ARABIC MANUAL.
enclose, v. a. [with a wall) bhowwit, howwatt, howwit
p.p. mhowwat; v. bhutt, hattait halt howl — ; {one
thing inside another) bhutt — wast — ; enclosed (of
papers) wast-uh; leffen tdLY-uh. {with pro. suff.)\ (of land)
a. msowwan.
enclosure, n. taswini.
encourage, v. a. bjerr'a, jerr'at, jerr'a; bnashshit, nash-
shatt, nashshit.
end, n. ekhir; niheyi; (of things) taraf; ras; v. a. bkhallis,
khallast, khallis; v. n. (3rd per.) biyikhlus, khalas.
endless, ad. bila niheyi; ma luh ekhir.
endorse, v. a. bzahhir, zahhart, zahhir.
endorsement, n. jiro.
endure, v. a. bihtimil, ihtamelt, ihtfmil ; v. bisbur, sabert,
sbur ('ala) ; / will not put up with him, ma bitowwil
bel-i 'aleyh.
enemy, n. dushmen ; *adu p. a'ada.
energetic, a. neshit (nfshit).
energy, n. neshat; himmi.
engage (to bespeak), v. burbut, rabatt, urbut ('ala); en-
gaged, (busy) meshghul; (betrothed) makhtub.
engagement, n. shighl (shughl) ; (betrothal) khitbi.
engiyie, n. makina; engine-driver, mikinist.
engineer, n. mhendis.
England, Inkilterra; E?iglish, a. inklizi.
engrave, v. a. bin"ush, na"asht, in"ush p.p. men"ush.
engraver, n. na" "ash ; haffar.
engraving, n. na"sh.
enjoy (oneself), v. n. binbusit, inbasatt.
enlarge, v. a. bkebbir, kebbert, kebbir p.p. mkebber.
enmity, n. 'adewi.
eftormous, a. kbir ktir.
VOCABULARY. 1 39
enough [to be), v. n. (3rd per.) bikeffi, ken kefi; ad. bes.
enrich, v. a. bighni, ghanait.
entangle, v. a. b'arbis, 'arbest, 'arbis p.p. m'arbas; en-
tangled, a. msherbek.
enter, v. n. bfut, fitt, fut (li); bidkhul, dakhalt, dkhul
(li) ; covie in [lit, honour us), imper. tfaddal.
enterprise, n. meshru'a.
entertain, v. a. be'izum, 'azamt, 'uzum.
entire, a. kemil; sahih.
entirely, ad. bit-temem; bil-kemel.
entrails, n. p. masarin.
entrance, n. madkhal.
entreat, v. a. bitrajja, trajjait, trajja.
envelop, v. a. bliff, lefifeyt, liff p.p. melfuf.
envelope, n. mughallif; zarf p. zuruf.
envirotis, n. p. atraf; n. howl.
envious, a. hasud.
envy, n. hasad; v. a. bihsud, hasadt, lihsud.
epidemic, n. weba.
epitaph, n. kitebit 'al al-"abr.
equal, a. msewi; [to be equal to) v. a. (3rd per.) biyid'a,
tiri ; biyiswa, sawa.
equalise, v. a. bsewi, saweyt, sewi p.p. msewa.
equality, n. ms^wa.
equator, n. khatt al-istiwa.
equip, V. a. bjehhiz, jehhazt, jehhiz p.p. mjehhaz.
eradicate, v. a. bista'sil, ista'selt, ista'sil p.p. musta'sel.
erase, v. a. bimhi, mahait, mhi.
erect, v. a. bibni, benait, bni p.p. mibni; b'ammir,
*ammert, 'ammir p.p. m'ammer.
err, v. n. bighlat (bughlat), ghlitt (ghlutt), ghla^.
errand, n. mishwar; ghara4?
140 ARABIC MANUAL.
erroVy n. ghalta p. ghaltat c. p. ghalat.
erudition^ n. 'ilm.
escape, [from) v. bikhlus, khalast, khlus (min) ; bitkhallis,
tkhallast, tkhallis (min); biflet, felett, flut.
escortf n. ghafr; hifz; under escort, taht al-ghafr; v. a.
bighfur, ghafert, ughfur.
especially, ad. khususan ; bi now' khususi.
essence, n. ruh.
establish, v. a. biftah, fataht, ftah p.p. maftuh.
estate, n. p. amlak ; n. riz" p. arza".
esteem, v. a. be'itibir, 'etebert, e'itibir p.p. mu*eteber.
estimate, n. tetmin; v. a. btemmin, temment, temmin
p.p. mtemmen.
et ccetera, ad. ila akhiri.
eternal, a. abedi.
eternity, n. abediyi.
euttiich, n. tawashi.
Euphrates, Frat.
Europe, Urubba; European, a. franji.
evacuate, v. a. bitruk, tarakt, truk; v. n. binsihib, in-
saljabt (min).
evacuation, n. ikhla; terk.
eveyi, a. sehili; msewa; (of numbers) n. jowz; odd and
even, jowz u ferd; ad. hatta.
evening, n. 'ashiyi; in the evening, min 'ashiyi; al-masa;
to spend the evening , v. a. bis-her, sehirt, s-har.
event, n. hadisi p. hawadis.
ever (for), ad. de'imen.
every, a. kill (kull) ; everybody, n. kill an-nes ; everywhere,
ad. weyn meken.
evidence, n. beyyeni.
evident, a. wadih; zahir; basit.
VOCABULARY. I4I
evil, n. sherr; a. redi p. redaiya; sherrir.
ewe, n. n'aji p. na'aj ; ghanimi.
exact, a. mazbut; temem.
exactly, ad. bit-temem.
exaggerate, v. a. bbeligh, balaght, beligh.
exaggeration, n. mbalighi.
examijiation, n. imtihan ; fahs; cross-examination, \'s>Ww\.2i!\
exaviine, v. a. bifhas, fahast, fhas p.p. mafhus; cross-
examitie, v. a. bistanti", stanta"t, stanti".
example, n. mesel (metel) p. emsel; mastra p. msatir
(msetir); for example, m^telen (meselen).
excavate, v. a. bihfur, hafert, hfur p.p. mahfur.
excavation, n. hafra p. hafr.
exceed, v. bzid, zidt, zid ('ala).
exceedingly, ad. ktir ktir; lil-ghaiyi.
excel (in), v. a. bisba", saba"t, sba" (fi).
excellence, n. fadl.
Excellency (Your), sa'adt-ak; His — , sa'adt-uh.
except, con. ilia; ma'ada; v. a. bistesni, stesnait, stesni
p.p. mustesna.
exception, n. istisna.
exceptional, a. mustesna; nedir.
excess, n. ziedi (zod) ; to excess, bi-kitra.
excessive, a. ze'id; excessively, ad. bi-ziedi.
exchange (of money), n. kambio; in exchange for, pr.
bedel; v. a. (for) b'awid, 'awadt, 'awid (bi).
excite, v. a. bheyyij, heyyejt, heyyij p.p. mheyyej ; ex-
cited, a. hdyyij.
excitement, n. heyyijan.
exclude, v. a. bikhruj, kharajt, khruj ; bitrud, 'taradt,
trud p.p. matrud.
excrement, n. khara.
142 ARABIC MANUAL.
excusable, a. m'azur.
excuse, n. 'uzr; 'itizar; v. a. be'azur, *azert, *azur; excuse
me, 'azur-ni; to excuse oneself [to], v. n. be'itizir, 'etaiert,
e'itizir (ila).
execute, {to kill) v. a. be'idum, 'adamt, 'udum p.p. m'a-
dum; [to perforin) v. a. bkemmil, kemmelt, kemmil
p.p. mkemmel.
executiofi, n. 'idam.
executioner, n. jelled.
executor (to a will), n. wasi (wusi) p. usiyi.
exempt [from), v. a. be'ifi, *afait ('afeyt), 'ufi (min) p.p.
me'afi.
exemption, n. ma'afiyi.
exercise, n. temrin; [of a horse) mashshi; v. a. [of sol-
diers) bmarrin, marrent, marrin ; [of a horse) btall'i,
tairat, tall'i — ila berra.
exertion, n. jehd.
exhausted [to be), v. n. bkill, kelleyt; / was exhausted
with fatigue, kelleyt min at-t'ab; bihlak, hlikt.
exile, n. serkili; nefi; v. a. bserkil, serkelt, serkil p.p.
mserkel; binfi, nefeyt, nfi p.p. minfi.
exist, V. n. (3rd per.) bikun, ken; biyujad, inwajad.
existence, n. wujud.
exorbitant, a. fehish; ghali ktir.
expand, v. n. [y^ per.) biyimted, imted p.p. memdud.
expansion, n. imtided.
expect, V. a. bintur, natart, ntur; bintizir, intazert, in-
tizir p.p. muntazer.
expectation, n. intizar.
expedie>it, a. nefi; mwefi".
expedite, v. a. b'ajjil, *ajjelt, 'ajjil p.p. m'ajjel.
expedition [milit:), n. hamli; tejridi.
VOCABULARY. I43
expel, V. a. bitrud, taradt, trud p.p. matrud.
expenseSy n. p. masruf.
expensivey a. ghali; it is — , bikellif ktir.
experience, n. khibra.
experienced, a. khabir ; m'owwad.
experiment, n. imtihan; tijrubi.
expert, n. keshef p. keshefi ; expertise, n. keshef.
expire (of a term), v. n. (3rd per.) biyikhlus khalas;
biyintihi, intaha.
explain, v. a. bbeyyin, beyyent, beyyin; bwaddih, wad-
daht, waddih; bfassir. fassert, fassir.
explanation, n. tefsir.
explode, v. n. (3rd per.) biyinfijr (biyinfizr), infajr (infazr) ;
biyinfel'a, infel'a.
explore, v. a. biktishif, iktesheft, iktishif ; bista'Vi, ista"rait,
ista*Vi.
explorer, n. muktishif.
explosion, n. infijar.
explosives, n. p. mewad "abilt al-ihtira".
export, V. a. bsaddir, saddert, saddir p.p. msadder.
exports, n. p. sadirat.
expose, V. a. bikshuf, kesheft, kshuf p.p. makshuf.
expression, n. haiyit al-wijh; [phrase) 'ibara.
expulsion, n. tard; ikhraj.
exquisite, a. nefis.
extend, v. a. btowwil, towwelt, towwil; bmidd meddait,
midd p.p. memdud.
extension, n. imtided ; tutwil.
extensive, a. wes'i.
exterior, n. berra.
extinguish, v. a. bitfi, tafait, tfi p.p. mutfi.
extort (from), v. a. biblus, balast, blus.
144 ARABIC MANUAL.
extortion, n. bals.
extruy a. 'alewi; berrani.
extract, v. a. [of teeth) bi'Ta, "al'at, i'Ta p.p. ma"lu'a;
[of essence) bistakhn'j, stakhrajt, stakhrij p.p. mstakhrij.
extraordinary, ad. fow" al-'adi.
extravagance, n. israf; sarf.
extravagant, a. musrif; sarrif.
extreme, a. shedid p. shidad.
extre77iely, ad. lil-ghaiyi.
extremity^ n. taraf p. atraf.
eye, n. 'ain p. 'uyun; eye-brow, hajib p. hwejib; eye-lash,
sh'ar 'aini; eye-lid, jifn p. ijfen ; pupil of the eye, bubu
al-'ain; eye-glasses, 'awenat; eye-tooth, neb p. anyeb;
eye-witness, shehid p. shuhud ; eye-sight, nazr.
fable, n. "issa p. "isas; hikeyi.
fabric, n. hiyeki; nesij.
fabricate, v. a. b*amil, 'amilt, 'amul ('amfl) p.p. m'amul.
face, n. wijh p. wujuh; face to face, wijh bi wijh.
facilitate, v. a. bsehhil, sahhelt, sahhil p.p. msahhel.
facility, n. suhuli.
facing, pr. "idd^m.
fact, n. ha"i"a ; in fact, bil-ha*'i"a.
faction^ n. hizb p. ahzeb.
factory, kirkhani p. kirakhin.
faddy, a. mwaswas.
fade, V. n. (3rd per.) bibukh, bekh; faded, a. beyikh.
faint, V. n. bighma, ghmit; bitfah, tfeht; he fainted,
ghatt *al "elb-uh [lit, his heart was covered).
VOCABULARY. I45
fair, a. kwaiyis; zarif p. •L\xx2X\{justy2.^A\ {of complexion)
lown abyad.
fairy y n. jinniyi.
faith J n. imen.
faithful y a. amin.
faithless, a. kezib; khaiyin.
fall, V. n. bu'*'a, wa"'at, \x''d.\ fallen, pres. part. we"'i
(used as an adj.)-, to fall out of favour , v. n. bis"ut, sa"at.
fallow land, n. bur.
false, a. kizb; [of persons) kezib.
falsify, V. a. bzowwir, zowwert, zowwir p.p. mzowwer.
fame, n. sit.
family, n. 'aiyeli p. 'aiyel ('ai'eli).
famine, n. ju'a; maje'a.
famous, a. mesh-hur.
fan, n. marwaha p. marawih.
fanatic, a. muta'assib.
fanaticisfn, n. ta'assub.
fanciful, a. mutwahhim.
fancy, n. wahm p. owham.
/C^uC /^r, a. be*id p. ba'ad c. ab'ad; from afar, min be'id.
farewell, n. wude'a.
farm, n. *owdi; hanut p. hawanit; v. a. biflah, felaht,
flah p.p. mafluh.
farmer, n. fellah.
farrier, n. bi^ar p. baiatra.
fashion, n. moda; zey.
fast, n. sowm (som); siam; a. seri'a c. asr'a; [of colour)
tebit (s^bit); ad. seri'an; bi-sur'a; v. n. bsum, sumt,
sum; to be fast (of a watch), 3rd per. f. bittsabbi'*;
bitta**addam.
fasten (to), v. a. burbut, rabatt, urbut- (bi) p.p. marbut.
10
146 ARABIC MANUAL.
fat, a. nasih c. ansah; [of animals) smin p. sman; n.
shahm; beef fat, shahm ba"ar; mutton fat, shahm
dani ; n. dihni (duhn).
fatal, a. muhlik.
fate, n. nasib ; "adr.
fated, a. ma"adder.
father, n. ab p. abawat; bey p. h^yW: \ father in law, 'amm.
fatigue, n. t'ab; v. a. (3rd per.) biyit'ib, ta'ab.
fatigued, a. t'aben.
fatten, (of animals) v. a. b'allif, 'alleft, *allif p.p. m'alluf.
fault, n. zenb p. znub; ghalta p. ghalat; ta"sir; it is
your fault, zenb 'aleyk; al-ha"" 'aleyk.
favour, n. m'aruf.
favourable, a. mwefi"; ma"bul; hulu f. hilwi c. ahla.
favourite, n. 'aziz; mahbub.
fear, n. khowf; fez*a; v. bkhaf, khift, khaf (min).
feast, n. 'azimi.
feastday, n. 'eid p. 'aiyed.
feather, n. rishi p. rish c. p. riesh.
feature, n. tekwin p. tekawin.
February, shubat.
fee, n. ujra (ijra).
feeble, a. da'if p. da'af.
feed, V. a. bit'am, ta'amt, ta'am.
feel, V. bhiss, hassait, hiss ('ala) p.p. mahsus.
feeling, n. hasasi.
felt, n. libb^di.
female, n. inta (intai) p. anata (anati).
fe^ninine, a. mu'annas.
fence, n. siyej p. siyejet; to fence in, v. a. bseyyij,
seyyejt, seyyij p.p. mseyyej.
ferment, v. n. (3i^d per.) biyikhtimir, ikhtamar.
VOCABULARY. I47
fermentation y n. ikhtimar; fermenting^ a. mukhtimir.
ferny n. dishar; khinshara.
fertile, a. mughsib.
fester, v. n. (3^^ per.) bi'ammil, 'ammal; biyidghil, da-
ghal p.p. midghil.
festival, n. 'eid p. 'aiyed.
fetch, V. a. bjib, jibt, jib; fetch me a chair, jib li kirsi.
fetid, a. mintin; mijwi.
fetter, n. [for prisoners) jenzir p. jnezir ; [for horses) iron^
"eyd p. "iyud; rope, shabha.
feud, n. khisam; dushmen.
fever, n. himmi; intermittent — , himmi mutfettera ; w^/«-
rial — , himmi malariyi ; to have fever, v. n. binhamm,
inhammait; / a7n feverish, ana sikhanan (sakhnan).
few, a. '*alil.
fib, n. kizbi p. kizbet; barbuki.
fickle, a. muta"allib.
fidelity, n. am^ni.
fidgety, a. mutharrik ; taiyish.
fi£ld, n. ha"al p. hu"ulj bistan p. besatin (bsetin).
fierce, a. shiris; V*ur.
fig, n. tini p. tin; fig tree, tini.
fight, n. "ital ; m'areki ; to fight with, v. a. b"atil, "atalt, "atil.
figure, n. ra"m p. ar'*am; [stature) "ami.
filbert, n. bundu" (bindu").
file^ n. mebrad ; v. a. bibrud, baradt, brud p.p. mabrud.
fill, V. a. bmelli, melleyt, melli; btelli, telleyt, telli; [a
pipe) b'abbi, *abbeyt, 'abbi p.p. m'abba.
filled, a. mel^n.
film, n. ghash^wi.
filter, n. misfaiya (misf^yi); v. a. bsaffi, saffait (saffeyt),
saffi p.p. msaflfa.
148 ARABIC MANUAL.
jilthi n. wasakh ; "azr.
final y a. ekhir (akhir).
finally, ad. bil-ekhir.
finance, n. meliyi.
financial, a. meli.
fiyid, V. a. bla" "i, la" "ait, la" "i ; bujad, wajadt, ujad
p.p. mowjud; to be found, v. n. (3rd per.) biyilta"a,
ilta"a; find out, v. a. bistefhim, stafhamt, stefhim.
fine, n. jeza na"di; gharami; v. a. bgharrim, gharramt,
gharrim p.p. mgharram; a. refi'a; da"i"; (beautiful)
zarif; jemil.
finger, n. isb'i p. asab'i ; forefinger, shehdi ; little finger,
khunsur.
fifiish, V. a. bkhallis, khallast, khallis; bikhlus, khalast,
khlus.
fir, n. shirbin.
fire^ n. nar ; (conflagration) hari"a ; to set on fire, v. a.
bsha*il, sha'alt, sha*il; to catch fire, v. n. (3rd per.)
biyihtiri", ihtara"; biyishtf'il, ishta'al; biyiltihib,
iltahab.
firearms, n. p. slah nariyi.
fireplace, n. m6"adi ; mawa"id.
firewood, n. hatab.
fireworks, n. p. shghal nariyi.
firtn, a. metin; sebit (tebit); "owi; n. (business) mahall.
first, a. owwel f. ula ; at first sight, min owwel nazra ;
at first, owwelen.
fish, n. samak p. samaket; v. a. bistad, istadt, istad.
fisherman, n. saiyyed (saiyyad).
fishing, n. said as-samak ; — rod, "asbit as-said ; — net,
sh^beki ; — hook, sinnara.
fist, n. "abda.
VOCABULARY. I49
fity a. mnesib; v. n. (3rd per.) binesib, nasib; biyiji,
ija ('ala).
fiXy V. a. bmekkin, mekkent, mekkin ; fixed, a. mekken.
flag, n. bindera; flag-staff, 'amud al-bindera.
flame, n. shu'ali p. shu'al.
flarmel, n. flannilla.
flat, a. mbaltah.
flatten, v. a. bmahhid, mahhadt, mahhid p.p. mumahhed.
flatter, v. a. bmelli", mella"t, melli".
flattery, n. temli".
flavour, n. t'ami.
flax, n. "innib.
flea, n. barghut p. baraghit.
flee, V. n. bihrub, harabt, hrub.
fleet, n. *amara.
flesh, n. lahm.
flexible, a. leyyin.
flight, n. harab; ferar.
flint, n. sowwani.
float, (on) V. n. bfush, fisht, i"ush ('ala); be'um, 'aimt,
*uum (fi or 'ala).
flock, n. "atiy'a p. **uta'an ; (of birds) reff p. rfuf.
flood, n. hamuli ; seyl ; tufan.
floor, n. ard al-beyt; marble floor, n. rhkam.
flour, n. tahin.
flow, V. n. (3rd per.) biyijri, jara.
flower, n. zahr p. azhar c. p. zuhur ; flower-pot, sha"fi
zuhur; hod p. hwad.
fluid, n. s^'il.
fly, n. dibbc^ni p. dibb^n; v. n. (y^ per.) bitir, tar.
foal, n. felu p. ^fliyi.
foam, n. raghwi.
150 ARABIC MANUAL.
fodder, n. 'alaf; 'all".
fog, n. ghtaita.
fold, n. tay ; sheep-fold, siri ; v. a. bitwi, tawait (taweyt),
twi p.p. mutwi.
foliage, n. owra" as-sajr.
follow, V. a. bilha", lahi"t, ilha".
follower, n. teb'i p. atbe'a.
folly, n. hama"a.
font, n. jurn al-m*amudiyi.
food, n. akl.
fool, n. ahma" p. him"m (himu").
foolish, a. ghashim; belid.
foot, n. ijr (rijl) p. ijreyn; foot-path, derb rijl; foot-rule,
mitr; "iy^s ; footstep, khatwi ; faskha ; /<?^/-j/t7<?/, skemla ;
barefoot, a. hafi ; on foot, a. meshi ; at foot's pace, ad.
eshkin.
for, pr. minsh^n.
forbid, V. a. bimn'a, men'at, mn'a p.p. memnu'a.
force, n. "uwi; v. a. (to) bijbur, jebert, jbur ('ala) p.p.
mejbur; bilzum, Izamt, Izum ('ala); by force, ad. bil-
"uwi; jebran.
ford, n. ma"t'a p. ma"at'a ; mkhada ; v. a. bi"t'a, "at 'at,
u"t'a.
forearm, n. dr'a p. udr'u; se'id (sa'id).
fore- going, a. sebi"; (fore-mentioned) mazkur.
forehead, n. jbin; jibhi.
foreign, a. gharib p. ghurb; Foreign Affairs, al-kharijiyi
(vide minister); Foreign Office, nezarit al-kharijiyi.
foreigner, n. ejnebi p. ajenib.
forenoon, n. "abl ad-dohr.
foresight, n. basiri.
forest, n. hirsh p. ahrash.
VOCABULARY. 151
forfeit y n. gharami.
forge, n. kur; bitru", tara"t, tru" p.p. matru"; (of wri-
ting) V. a. bzowwir, zowwert, zowwir p.p. mzowwer.
forgery, n. tezwir.
forget, V. a. binsa, nesit, insa.
forgive, v. a. bsemih, semaht, semih p.p. masmuh. I for-
give you, bsemh-ak.
fork, n. firteki; showki; pitchfork, midraiyi.
form, n. shikl p. shikel.
formality, n. teklif p. teklifat.
former, a. sebi" ; formerly, ad "ablan ; the former, a.
al-owwel.
fort, n. "al'a p. "il'at.
fortify, V. a. bhassin, hassant, hassin p.p. mhassan.
fortnight, n. jim'ateyn.
fortunate, a. sa'id p. so'ada; sahib bakht; he is — ,
hazz-uh taiyib; s'ad-uh "owi.
fortune, n. hazz ; nasib.
forwards, ad. ila "iddem.
fossils, n. p. mutahajjerat.
foul, a. wfsikh.
foundation, n. ases p. aseset.
founder, n. mu*essis.
fountain, n. *ain p. 'uyun; (jet) nofara; wayside — ,
sebil.
fowl, n. djeji p. djejet c. p. djej ; fowl-house, beyt ad-
dj^j; "unn ("inn).
fox, n. t'alab p. ta'alib.
fraction, n. kesr.
fragile, a. seri* al-'atab.
fragment, n. '*it*a; sha"fi.
fragrance, n. riha.
152 ARABIC MANUAL.
fragranty a. 'utri.
frame, n. birwaz p. berewiz.
France, Fransa; Freiich, a. fransewi p. fransewiyi.
fraud, n. ikhtilas.
fraudulent, a. mukhtelis.
freckle, n. kelef.
free, a. hurr; v. a. bdeshshir, deshshert, deshshir.
freedom, n. hurriyi.
freemason, n. fermasun.
freeze, v. n. (3rd per.) bijellid, jellad p.p. mjellid.
freight, n. nowulun.
frequent, a. ktir; frequently, ad. marrat ktiri.
fresh, a. tari; taza.
Friday, nahar (yom) aj-jim'a.
friend, n. habib p. ahbeb (hib^b); sahib p. as-hab;
sadi" p. asdi"a.
friendship, n. sada"a; mahabbi.
fright, n. khowf; fez'a.
frighten, v. a. bfezz'a, fezz'at, fezz'a; bkhowwif, khow-
waft, khowwif p.p. mkhowwef ; to be frightened, v. n.
bifz'a, fiz'it; frightened, a. fez*an.
fringe, n. hashiyi.
frock, n. tannura p. tenenir; fisten p. fsetin.
frog, n. dafd'a p. dfed'i.
from, pr. min; 'an.
fro7it, n. wijh; wajih;/r^«/ of the house, wajhit al-beyt.
frontier, n. hadd p. hudud.
frost, n. melleh.
froth, n. raghwi.
frown, n. 'abas; v. n. be'ibus, 'abast; bhutt, hattait al-
'u"di; frowning, a. 'abas.
frugal, a. mwaffir; mesik.
VOCABULARY.
153
fruit, n. fweki (faki).
fruitful, a. mughsib.
fry, V. a. bi"li,- "alait ("aleyt), i"li p.p. mi"li.
frying-pan, n. mi"leyi p. ma'^ali.
fulfil, V. a. bkemmil, kemmelt, kemmil p.p. mkemmel.
full, a. melen.
fun, n. tesliyi ; mezh.
funeral, n. jenezi.
funnel, n. "um'a p. "umu'a.
funny, a. mudhik; muskhin.
fur, n. feru.
furl, V. a. bitwi, tawait (taweyt), twi p.p. mutwi.
furlough, n. rukhsa.
furnace, n. firn p. firan.
furnish, v. a. bifrush, farasht, frush p.p. mafrush.
furnitiire, n. atet al-beyt; firsh.
fuss, n. dajji (doji).
future, n. musta"bil ; in f utter e, b'adeyn ; bil-musta'*bil.
gain, n. ribh; meksib; v. a. birbah, rbiht, irbah.
gaiter, n. tma*' p. tma"at.
gall, n. safra.
gallery, n. ruwa".
gallnut, n. jowzit 'afs p, jowz 'afs.
gallop, n. khaiyel ; v. a. and n. bkhaiyil, khaiyelt, khai-
yil; V. n. btarid, taradt, tarid.
gallows, n. meshna'*a.
gamble, v. n. bil'ab, I'ibt, Tab bil-"imar.
154 ARABIC MANUAL.
gambling, n. I'eb al-"imar.
gaine, n. I'ebi (I'ubi) p. al'ab ; {sport) said ; taridi ; to make
ga^ne of, v. bidhak, dahikt, dahak ('ala).
gang, n. zumra p. zumr.
gaol, n. habs; sijn.
gaoler, n. sejjen.
garden, n. jneyni p. jneynetj bistan p. bsetin (besetin).
gardener, n. jneyneti.
garlic, n. turn.
garment, n. towb p. tuwab; [clothes) ty6b.
garyiet, n. hajr siran.
garrison, n. p. hurras.
garter, n. rabta.
gas, n. ghaz; gas-pipe, aster al-ghaz; gasometer, mitar
al-ghaz; gas-light, dow min ghaz.
gash, n. jurh p. juruh (juruha).
gate, n. bwebi p. bwebet (bawwabi p. bawwabat).
gate-keeper, n. baww^b.
gather, v. a. bhowwish, howwesht, howwish ; gather up,
V. a. blimm, lammait, limm p.p. melmum; [to pluck)
bla"it, la"att, la"it p.p. mla'at.
gauze, n. keraishi (kereyshi).
gay, a. mzeyyen; [cheerful) farhan.
gazelle, n. ghazel p. ghizlen.
gelatiyie, n. jelatina.
geld, V. a. bikhsi, khasait, khsi; [of horses) btowshin,
towshent, towshin.
gelding, n. khassi; tawashi.
gem, n. jowhera p. jewehir; (johera p. jawahir).
gender, n. jins p. ajnes.
general, a. 'umumi ; 'am ; n. mushir ; general of division,
feri"; 7naj or -general, mir liwa.
VOCABULARY. 1 55
generally y ad. *umumen ; 'itiyadiyen.
generation^ n. jil p. ajiyel.
generosity, n. kerem.
generous, a. kerim p. kiirama; khaiyir.
genius, n. zeka (zika).
gentle, a. latif p. lutafa ; leyyin; {quiet) hedi.
gentleman, n. khowaja p. khowajat.
gently, ad. bi lutf; [slowly) 'ala mahl-uh [zu it h pro. stiff .).
genuine, a. sahih.
geography, n. jighrafiyi.
geometry, n. 'ilm al-hindisi.
geranium, n. khubbezi franjiyi.
Germany, Almania; German, a. almani.
gesture, n. ishara.
get, V. a. bjib, jibt, jib; (acquire) btall'i, tall'at, tall'i;
bikseb, ksibt, kseb; get up, v. n. b"um, "umt, "um;
get oifer, v. n. bitl'a, tl'at, tl'a ('ala) ; get rid of, v. n.
bitkhallis, tkhallast, tkhallis (min); get into the way
of, V. n. bit'ovvwad, t'owwadt, t'owwad ('ala).
ghost, n. khiyel; Holy Ghost, ruh al-"udus.
giant, n. jebber (jebbar).
Gibraltar, jebeltari".
giddiness, n. dowkha (dokha).
giddy, a. deyikh; he is giddy, ras-uh taiyish.
gift, n. hediyi.
gifted, a. shatir p. shuttar.
gild, V. a. bdahhib, dahhabt, dahhib p.p. mdahhab.
gilt, a. mdahhab; mutli bid-dahab.
gimlet, n. berrimi.
ginger, n. jenzebil.
gipsy, n. nuri p. nawar.
girdle, n. zinnar p. znenir.
156 ARABIC MANUAL.
girlj n. bint p. benat (ben^t).
girth, n. hizem p. hizemet; tighten, loosen the girths,
shidd, hill al-hizemet.
give, V. a. b'ati, 'atait, 'ati ; give it me, 'ati-ni yeh (yah).
gizzard, n. "ansa.
glad, a. mesrur; to be glad, v. n. binbiisit, inbasatt.
gladness, n. surur.
glance, n. nazra, lahza.
glass, n. "izaz ("izez) ; (for drinking) kibbeyi ; kasi ; (field)
nadur; nadara.
glitter, V. n. (3rd per.) biyilm*a, lam'a.
globe, n. kura; {of a lamp) kloba p. klobat.
gloomy, a. muzlim; {of persojis) mkedder.
glory, n. mejd.
gloss, n. lima'an,
glove, n. keff p. kfuf ; a pair of gloves, jowzi kfuf.
glow-worm, n. serej al-leyl.
glue, n. ghiri ; glue-pot, bri"al-ghiri.
gnat, n. sikket p. swetki.
gnaw, V. a. (3rd per.) biyun"ur, na'*ar.
go, V. n. bruh, riht, ruh ; going, pres. part, raih ; it is
going to happen, bedd-uh yesir; it is not going to
happen, ma bisir ; there is going to be, raih yesir ;
raih yekun; go up, v. n. bitl'a, tl'at, tl'a ('ala); go
down, binzel, nzilt, inzel ; go out, bidhar, dahart, dhar.
goad, n. mesas; v. a. bidrub, darabt bil-mesas.
goat, n. 'anzi p. 'anzat; m'aziyi p. ma'azi; goat-herd,
ma'az; ra'i.
God, allah ; God preserve you, allah yahfz-ak ; God forbid,
allah la yismah (la ya"addir) ; for God's sake, minshen
allah; God willing, inshallah; thank God, al-hamd
ul-illah.
VOCABULARY. I 57
gold, n. dahab.
goldsmith, n. saiyigh p. siyagh.
gongy n. na"us.
tfts^^xt^od, a. mlih p. mlah; taiyib c. atyab; jeyyid c. ahsan.
good-bye, ad. m'as-salemi ; khatir-kum.
gooodness, n. judi.
goods, n. p. badaiy'i; bda'a.
goose, n, wazzi p. wazz.
gospel, n. injil.
gossip, n. 'alk.
gourd, n. "ar'aa p. "ar'aat.
gout, n. da'i al mfesil.
govern, v. a. bihkum, hakamt, hkum ; (administer) v. a.
bdebbir, debbert, debbir.
goverment, n. hukumi; /^r^/ government, hukumi ma-
halliyi.
governor, n. hakim; mutsarrif; governor general, wali
(weli).
grace, n. zurf.
gradually, ad. bitedrij.
grain, n. habbi p. hbub.
grammar, n. nahu.
granary, n. hasil; beyiki p. beweyik.
grand-daughter, n. hafidi; bint bint p. ul^d bint.
grand-father, n. jidd p. jdud.
grand-mother, n. sitt p. sittat (sittet); imm imm.
grandson, n. hafid; ibn ibn p. uled ibn.
grant, v. a. bijib, jibt, jib.
granted, a. msellem.
grapes, n. p. *inib ('inab); green grapes, n. husrim ; ^tt«^//
of — , n. *an"ud (p. 'an^"id) *inib.
grass, n. hashish.
158 ARABIC MANUAL
grass-hopper, n. jundub p. jnedib.
grateful, a. memnun; shekur.
grater, n. mabrashi.
gratis, ad. belesh,; bila mesari.
gratitude, n. shukr.
grave, n. "abr p. "ubur.
gravel, n. p. bahs.
gravy, n. mar"a.
graze, v. n. (3rd per.) biyir'a, re'i (ra'i).
grease, n. shahm; dihni (duhn); v. a. bidhan, dahant,
dhan p.p. madhun.
greasy, a. midhin.
great, a. kbir c. akbar p. kbar; 'azim p. 'azam.
Greece, beled al-yunan (al-arwam); Greek, a. yunani;
rumi ; Greek church, kenisit ar-rum ; Greek catholic, rum
katolik; Greek orthodox, rum ortodoks.
greedy, a. shi'rih; majfu'a; mfejj'an.
green, a. akhdar f. khadra p. khudr.
green-grocer, n. khudarji.
greens, n. khudra. ,
grey, a. rimedi.
grey-hound, n. kelb slu"i (slai"i).
gridiron, n. msabb'a.
grief, n. ghamm ; hizn.
grieve, v. a. bkeddir, keddert, keddir; to be grieved,
V. n. binghamm, inghammait; it grieves me, bigh-
umm-ni.
grind, v. a. bit-han, tahant, t-han p.p. mat-hun ; bijrush,
jarasht, jrush p.p. majrush.
grindstone, n. jelkh.
groan, n. *anin; v. n. bi'in, 'anait ('aneyt), 'in.
grocer, n. 'attar.
VOCABULARY. 1 59
groom, n. se'is (sa'is) p. siyes; v. a. bhiss> hassait (has-
seyt), hiss p.p. mahsus ; bsus, sust, sus ; btemmir, tem-
mert, temmir.
ground, n. ard.
groiind-fioor, n. taba"i tahteni.
groundless, a. batil; ad. bila ases; it is groundless, ma
luh asl.
group, n. [persons) jema'a; sirbi; {money) surra.
grow, V. n. [persons) bikber, kebirt; (plants) (3rd per.)
biyinmi, nimmi; grown up^ a. reshid (rashid); full-
grown, a. midrik.
grumble, [at) v. bitdemmir, tdemmert, tdemmir (min) ;
V. n. bit"am"am, ta"am"amt.
guarantee, n. kefeli; [person) kefil.
guard, n. haris p. hurras; v. a. bihrus, harast, hrus p.p.
mahrus.
guardian, n. wasi (wusi) p. usiyi.
guess, V. a. bihzur, hezirt, hzur.
guest, n. daif (deyf) p. diyuf.
guide, n. delil; guide-book, delil sefer; v. a. [to) bdull,
dellait (delleyt), dull ('ala).
guild, n. rabta.
guilt, n. zenb.
guilty, a. miznib; mijrim.
guitar, n. "itar; 'ud ; tanbur.
gulf, n. khalij p. khiljen.
gum, n. simgh (samgh); [of teeth) nirit as-snen.
gun, n. barudi ; bund"iyi p. bnedi" ; {double-barrelled)
n. jift p. jifuti.
gunboat, n. merkeb harbi.
gunner, n. topji p. topjiyi.
gunpowder, n. barud.
l60 ARABIC MANUAL.
gut, n. misran p. masarin.
gutter, n. mizreb p. mezerib; gutter-pipe, "astal ("aster)
al-mizreb.
gymnasium, n. marsah (mala'ab) al jimnastik.
gymnastics, n. jimnastik.
H.
habit, n. 'adi p. a'adet c. p. 'awe'id.
hail, n. barad (bered); v. n. (3rd per.) biyinzel, nizil
bered; hailstone, baradi; hail-storm, zakhat bered.
hair, n. sh'ara p. sh'ar; camel's hair, wabr aj-jem^l.
hair-dresser, {barber) n. halla*'.
hairy, a. mish'arani.
half, n. nuss; in halves, bin-nuss; half-price, nuss at-
temen; half-way, nuss ad-derb.
hall, n. dehliz; memsha.
halty'V. n. bu"af, u"ift, u"af; bwa""if, wa""aft, .wa""if.
halter, n. rasan; ma'Vad.
ham, n. janbun.
hamlet, n. mezra'a p. mezer'i.
ha^niner, n. shekush ; [large) matra"a; v. a. bitru", tara"t,
tru"; bdu"", da" "ait, du"" p.p. mad"u". *
hammock, n. mejruha (marjuha).
hafid, n. id p. ideyn (daiyat); right-hand, id al-yemin
left-hand, id ash-shimel.
hand-cuff, n. "eyd p. "iyud; hadid.
handful, n. [one hand) kemshi; [both hands) hafni.
handkerchief, n. mahremi p. maharim.
handle, n. meski; "abda.
handsome, a. jemil c. ejmel.
VOCABULARY. l6l
handwritings n. khatt p. khutut.
hang, (up) V. a. b'alli", 'alla"t, 'alii" p.p. ma'alla" ; v. n.
{dowfi) bit'alla", t'alla"t.
happen, v. n. (y^ per.) bisir, sar; biyijri, jara.
happiness, n. keyf; surur; hazz.
happy, a. mabsut; farhan.
harass, v. a. bit'ub, ta'ebt, te'ib (tu'ub) p.p. met'ub.
harbour, n. mina p. mien.
hard, a. "asi c. a"asa; yebis; [difficult] s'ab f. s'ubi c.
as*ab; hard up, ma*asur; mutdaiyi".
harden, v. n. [^^^ per.) bijiff, jeff; biyi"sa, "isi.
hardly, ad. bil-kedd ; bi s'ubi (s'obi).
hard mouthed [of a horse), a. ras-uh "asi (ti"il).
hardship, n. mesha" "a.
hardy, a. "owi p. "awaiya.
hare, n. arnab p. aranib.
harem, n. harim p. hurum.
harm, n. darar ; aziyi ; there is no harm, ma biseyl (///.
there is no question),
harmful, a. mdurr; mu'zi.
harmless, a. ghair (mush) mdurr.
harness, n. ta"m al-'arabiyi; v. bshidd, sheddait, shidd
('ala) ; v. a. {put the horses to) bikdun, kedent, kdun p.p.
makdun.
harp, n. ^^anun.
harsht a, "asi; j^fi; khishn.
harvest, n. hisad.
hash, n. yakhni.
hasp, n. sukr (sikr).
haste, n. *ajeli; make haste, v. n. browwij, rowwajt,
rowwij; bist'ajil, st'ajelt, st'ajil; hasten, v. a. b'ajjil,
'ajjelt, 'ajjil; hasty, a. 'ajul.
11
1 62 ARABIC MANUAL.
hat^ n. birneyta p. buranit.
hatch, V. a. (3rd per. f.) bitfa" "is, fa""esit; to be hatched^
V. n. (3rd per. f.) bitif'us, fa"esit.
hatchet, n. ferra'a; fes; balta.
hate, V. a. bibghud, baghadt, bghud.
hatred, n. bughda.
haughtiness, n. kibriya.
haughty, a. mutkebbir.
haul down, v. a. bnezzil, nezzelt, nezzil.
have, V. / have etc, li ; 'ind-i, 'ind-ak etc, [vide grammar
verb 'to have*),
hawk, n. baz p. bez^t.
hay, n. hashish yebis.
haze, n. dabeb (dabab).
hazy, a. madabdbi.
he, pro. hu (hui).
head, n. ras p. ru'us (rus); at the head of, fi ras; fi
owwel; *'iddem; head to foot, min ras-uh li "adem-uh
(li k'ab rijleyh); head over heels, sha"labi ma'Uabi;
heads or tails, tura ow na*'shi.
headache, (I have, I had a) ras-i biyuj*a-ni, waj'a-ni.
headstrong, a. 'anid; ras-uh "owi.
heal, V. n. (3rd per.) bitib, tab; biyibra, bfri.
health, n. sihha (sahha); his health, suhht-uh.
healthy, a. nasih ; suhht-uh taiyib ; [of place) hawa-h taiyib,
heap, n. kumi (komi) p. kuam.
hear, v. a. bism'a, sma'at, sm'a p.p. masmu'a.
heart, n. "alb ("elb) p. "ulub; fuad; (at cards) kubba;
by heart, ad. ghaiban; *al ghaib.
heat, n. harara ; showb (shob) v. a. bsakhkhin, sakhkhant,
sakhkhin p.p. msakhkhan.
heathen, n. wateni p. wateniyi.
VOCABULARY. 1 63
heaveny n. sema.
heavy, a. ti"il c. at"al p. ta"al.
hedge y n. siyej p. siyejet.
hedgehogy n. "unfuz p. "anafiz ("unfud, p. "anafid); ke-
bebit shok.
heely n. k'ab p. ka'ab; heel ropey shkel p. shkelet.
heighty n- 'ulu; [of stature) tul; "ami.
heiry n. weris p. wurras (warasi).
helly n. jehennam.
hebnety n. khuzi p. khuaz.
helpy n. mse*adi ; v. a. bse'id, se'adt, se'id ; it cannot be
helpedy mush fil-id; the matter could not be helped,
hal-mes'eli ma ba"it fil-id.
helpless y a. 'ajiz p. 'ujjez.
heniy n. hashiyi.
hemlocky n. showkeran.
hemorrhoidy n. basur p. bwesir.
hempy n. "innib.
heuy n. djeji p. djejet c.p. djej.
hence y ad. min hown; henceforth, min halla" u raih.
(j^ hery [pro. suff.) ha (a).
herby n. 'ushb p. 'asheb.
herdy n. "atiy'a p. *'uta*an.
herey ad. hown; here and there y hown u hown.
hereditary y a. wurti (urati); bil-irs.
heresyy n. harta"a.
heretiCy a. hartu'*i p. harat**a.
hermit, n. n^sik p. nussak ; z^hid p. zuhad.
hero, n. batal p. abtal.
herself, pro. i^t-ha.
hesitate, v. n. bitwa** "af, twa""aft, twa*"'af; bitreddad,
treddadt, treddad.
1 64 ARABIC MANUAL.
hesitation, n. tereddud.
hiccup, n. hazzu"a (hazza").
hide, V. a. bkhabbi, khabbait, khabbi p.p. mkhabba.
hiding-place, n. mikhbeyi.
high, a. 'aali c. a'ala; high-handed, a. mustebidd.
Highness (Your), simu-ak; His — simu-uh.
highway^ n. sikki sultaniyi.
hill, n. telli, p. tellet c.p. tlel (tlal).
hilt, n. "abda.
him, (pro. suff.) uh (h).
himself, pro. zet-uh.
hinder, v. a. bimn'a, men'at, mn'a; bsudd, saddait, sudd
p.p. masdud.
hindoo, n. Hindi p. hunud.
hinge, n. mfassali p. mfassalat.
hint, n. ishara.
hire, n. ujra (ijra); kira; (let on hire) v. a. b'ejjir, ejjert,
ejjir; bikri, kerait, kri; (take on hire) v. a. biste'jir,
ste'jert, ste'jir; bistikri, stekrait, stikri.
hirer, n. muste'jir.
his, (pro. stiff.) uh (h).
history, n. tarikh (terikh).
hit, V. a. bidrub, darabt, drub p.p. Vi\d.^x\x\i\(7iot to miss)
bsib, sibt, sib.
hither, ad. ila hown.
hitherto, ad. li hadd al-wa"t.
hoe, n. mejrafi.
hoist, V. a. birf a, ref'at, irfa p.p. marfu'a.
hold, n. "ar al-merkeb; v. a. bimsik, mesakt, msuk p.p.
memsuk; v. a. (contain) 3rd per. bise'a, se'a; to hold
out, V. n. b"ewim "evvamt, "ewim.
VOCABULARY. 1 65
hole, n. jura p. juar; tu"ub p. tu"ubi (ti"ib); {small)
bukhsh p. bkhushi.
holiday, n. 'eid p. 'aiyed; t'atil; btali; rukhsa; to take a
— , V. bbattil, battalt.
Holiness (to the Pope), Your — , "adesit-kum ; His — ,
"adest-uh. (Patriarch), Your — , ghibtat-kum ; His — ,
ghibtt-uh. (Metropolitan), Your — , siedit-kum; His — ,
siedt-uh.
Holland, Hulanda; Dutch, a. hulandi.
hollow, a. mjowwif; mjowwar; v. a. bjowwif, jowweft,
jowwif p.p. mjowwaf.
holsters, n. "ubur.
holy, a. m"addas.
home, n. (house) beyt p. biyut; (country) watn; beled.
hone, n. msenn.
honest, a. amin p. limena; honesty, n. ameni.
honey, n. 'asel; honeycomb, "urs 'asel.
honorary, a. ikrami.
honour, n. sheref; (respect) 'ird; improbity) namus; v. a.
bukrim, akramt, krim; (to do the honour) v. a. bsher-
rif, sherreft, sherrif; {to have the honour) v. n. bit-
sherrif, tsherraft, tsherrif ; will you do me the honour
of coming to see me, btsherrif-ni ; / had the honour
of going to see him, ana tsherraft li 'ind-uh ; in honour
of, minshen; li ejl-uh {^ith pro. stiff.),
honourable, a. musta"im.
hood, n. {of a cloak) "ubu'a; (of a carriage) kebbut.
hoof, n. hafir p. hawefir.
hook, n. shenkel p. shnekil; killabi p. klelib; hook atid
eye, bikli wa *irwi.
hoop, n. tara.
hope, n. amel p. amd; v. n. bit'ammel, t'immelt.
1 66 ARABIC MANUAL.
hopeful (it is), fih raja (amel).
hopeless (it is), ma fih raja (amel).
hops, n. p. hashishit ad-dinar.
horizon, n. uf".
horn, n. "arn p. "urun.
hornet, n. debbur p. dbebir.
horrible, a. mukhif; ha'il.
horse, n. hisan p. uhsni c. p. kheyl; dabbi p. dawab;
(blood) kehil; {pack) kedish p. kidsh; (stallion) fahl
p. fuhul; (gilding) tawashi ; (bay) ahmar f. hamra;
(bay with black legs) ahmar mharra" ; (black) adham
f. dahma; (dark chestnut) kestanewi; (light chestiiut)
ash"ar f. sha"ra; (grey) azra" f. zer"a; (iron grey)
azra'* hadidi; (light grey) azra" wadih; (dappled grey)
mba*' "aj ; (grey with black points) akhdar f. khadra ;
(reddish grey) mawaradi ; (white) hamemi ; (with white
stockings) mhanjal; on horseback, 'al al-hisan; khaiyal
(khaiyel).
horse-cloth, n. kuben (kuban).
horseman, n. khaiyel p. khaiyeli.
horse-shoe, n. n'ali p. na'al (n'al); nadwi p. nadwet.
hospitable, a. kerim p. kurama ; he is — , beyt-uh maftuh.
hospital, n. khastakhani.
hospitality , n. diyafi.
host, n. sahib al-beyt; hostess, sahbit al-beyt; (among
Bedouins) m'azzib f. m'azzbi.
hostage, n. rahn p. ruhuni.
hostile, a. khusm p. akhsam.
hostilities, n. harb.
hot, a. showb (shob) c. ashwab; sukhn; harr; to be hot,
V. n. bshowwib, showwebt.
hotel, n. lukanda.
VOCABULARY. 1 6/
houTy n. se*a p. se'at.
house, n. beyt p. biyut; {large house [Beirut]) hara p.
harat; v. a. bsekkin, sekkent, sekkin.
household, n. *aiyeli p. 'aiyel ('ai'eli).
hoTv, ad. kif; however, m'a zelik; how mauy, kam; how
much^ "add esh.
howl, n. *awi; v. n. (3rd per.) bi'owi, 'owa; biyinbah,
nabah.
hulk, n. jism al-merkeb.
humayi, a. insani; besheri.
humanity, n. insaniyi; he is humane, fih insaniyi.
humble, a. mutwad'i; humility, n. tawad'u.
hump {of a camel), n. hadabbi (hadbi).
humpback, a. ahdab.
Hungary, beled mejer; Htmgarian, a. mejeri.
hunger, n. ju'a.
hungry, n. ju'an; to be Imngry, v. n. bju'a, je'ut.
hunt, V. a. bistad, istadt, istad.
hunter, n. saiyyed (saiyyad).
hunting, n. said.
hurricane, n. zowba*a (zoba'a).
hurry, n. 'ajeli; v. n. bist'ajil, st'ajelt, st'ajil; browwij,
rowwajtf rowwij ; v. a. b'ajjil, 'ajjelt, 'ajjil p.p. m'ajjel.
hurt, V. a. bdurr, darrait, durr p.p. madrur; bwajj'i,
wajj'at, wajj'i; to be hurt, v. n. bindarr, indarrait;
to hurt, V. n. (3rd per.) biyuj'a, waj*a (wij'e).
husband, n. zowj (joz) p. rjel.
hush, {itnper.) hus f. husi.
husk, n. "ishri p. "ishr ("ushur).
hut, n. kukh p. akwakh ; {for silkworms) khuss p. khsas.
hyacinth, n. khazemi p. khazam.
hyena, n. dab'a p. db'a.
1 68 ARABIC MANUAL.
hymrij n. ternimi.
hypocrisy, n. ri'a.
hypocrite, n. mra'i.
/, pro. ana.
ibex, n. w'al p. wa'al.
ice, n. jlid; snoiv ice, telj ; manufactured ice, ]\\dvcidi,mQ\;
ices, buza; dondurma.
idea, n. fikr p. afkar.
identical, a. bi zet-uh; bi nefs-uh (zvith pro. stiff.),
idiom, n. istilah.
idiot, n. ablah; a. m'atuh; belid.
idle, a. keslen p. kesela.
idleness, n. kesel.
idol, n. weten (waten) p. owten; sunm p. asnam.
idolater, n. wateni p. wateniyi.
idolatry, n. 'ibedit al-asnam.
//, con. izaken; inken (with pres. tense); iza; low (with
past),
ignorance, n. jeheli.
ignorant, a. jehil, p. juhhel; mghaffal.
ill, a. marid p. murada ; sakhin (sakhnan) ; to fall ill,
V. n. bimrad, maridt; biskhun, sakhant.
illegal, a. ghair sher'i; haram.
illegitimate, a. bandu".
illiterate, a. ghair (mush) mu'allem; mau mrabba.
illfiess, n. marad.
illuminate, v. a. bzeyyin, zeyyent, zeyyin p.p. mzeyyen;
bnowwir, nowwert, nowwir p.p. mnovvwer.
VOCABULARY. 1 69
illumination, n. tenwir; zini.
illustrate, v. a. bsowwir, sowwert, sowwir p.p. msowwer.
illustration, n. resm p. rusum; sura p. suar.
illustrious, a. shehir.
image, n. timsel p. temesil.
imagination, n. owham; tesowwur.
imagine, v. a. bitsowwir, tsowwert, tsowwir.
imitate, v. a. bi"ellid, "elledt, "ellid p.p. m'elled.
imitation, n. ta"lid.
immediately, ad. "awem; fil-hal.
immense, a. kbir p. kbar; wes'i.
imminent, a. "arib p. "urab.
immoderate, a. miifrit.
immodest, a. *'alil al-haiya.
immunity, n. ma'afiyi; 'afu; imtiyez.
impartial, a. 'adil.
impartiality, n. ha" " ; 'adl.
impassable, a. mesdud.
impatience, n. "illit as-sabr ; nar.
impatient, a. nirani; "alii as-sabr; he is impatient, tab'a-
uh hazi"a (nar).
impede, v. a. bsidd, seddeyt, sidd p.p. mesdud.
imperfect, a. na"is p. nu"as.
imperceptible, a. ghair (mush) mahsus.
imperial, a. mulukaniyi.
impertiiience, n. wa"aha.
impertinent, a. wi"ih.
implicate, v. a. bdakhkhil, dakhkhalt, dakhkhil; impli-
cated in, luh dukhl fi; a. m"arish.
import, V. a. bijlub, jalabt, jlub p.p. majlub.
importance, n. ehemiyi.
important, a. muhimm c. ahamm.
170 ARABIC MANUAL.
imports, n. p. waridat.
importunate, a. lajuj; ti"il.
impossible, a. ghair (mush, mau) mumkin; it is impos-
sible, la yumkin ; ma bisir.
impossibility, n. 'adem imkan (imken).
impose {on), v. a. bghishsh, ghashshait, ghishsh p.p.
maghshush.
impostor, n. mzowwir; kezzeb.
impression, n. te'esir.
imprison, v. a. bihbus, habast, hbus p.p. mahbus.
imprisonment, n. habsi.
improbable, a. ghair (mush) muhtfmil.
improper, a. ghair (mush) leyi".
improve, v. a. bhassin, hassant, hassin p.p. mhassan;
V. n. bithassan, tahassant, tahassan ; (3rd per.) bisir,
sar fih tahsin.
improvement, n. tahsin; nejeh (nejah).
^mprudence, n. hama"a; jeheli.
imprudent, a. jehil p.. juhhel; ahma" p. him"in (himu").
imptinity, n. berrat; with impunity, bila **isas.
impure, a. maghshush; mush khaHs.
in, pr. fi; bi; dekhil; juwwa; iyi ^w<^ ^7^^, juwwa u berra;
i?idoors, fil-beyt; in order to {that), hatta (ta); in so
fUr^as, *'add ma.
inability, n. 'ajz ; 'adem imken.
inaccessible, a. be'id p. ba'ad.
inuccurccte, a. ghair (mush) mazbut.
inadmissible, a. ghair (mush) ma"bul.
inattention, n. ghiflet; 'adem intibeh.
incapable, a. 'ajiz p. 'ujjez.
incapacity, n. 'ajz.
incefise, n. bakhur.
VOCABULARY. lyi
incessant, a. de'im.
incident, n. hadisi p. hawadis.
inclination, n. meyl.
include, v. a. bdakhkhil, dakhkhalt, dakhkhil.
included, ad. min aj-jumli; hicluding, ad. bi ma fih.
incogjiito, a. mutnekkir.
income, n. madkhul; dukhl (dakhl).
hicomprehensible, a. ghair (mush) mafhum.
inconsistent, a. 'adim as-sebet.
inconvenience, n. kilfi; ti"L
inconvenient, a. ghair (mush) mwefi"; ti*'li.
incorrect, a. ghair (mush) sahih.
increase, n. zod; v. a. bzid, zidt, zid; v. n. (3rd per.)
bizid, zad.
incredible {it is), ma biyitsadda".
incurable, a. 'addal; he {it) is incurable, ma luh dawa;
falij la ta'alij.
indebted [of debt), a. mediyun ; [obligation) memnun ;
/ am indebted to you, ana (mediyun) memnun-ak.
indecent, a. razil p. arzal.
indeed, ad. bil-ha"i"a.
indefatigable {he is), ma bikill min at-t'ab.
indefinite, a. mubhem.
indemnify, v. a. b'owwid, 'owwadt, 'owwid p.p. m'owwad
('ala of the person) ; / will indemnify you for the loss,
b'owwid 'aleyk al-khisara.
indemnity, n. t'awid.
independence, n. isti*'lal.
independent, a. musta"il.
index, n. fihris (fahras).
India, beled al-hind; Indian, a. hindi p. huntid.
iyidiarubber , n. mighait; {eraser) mahaiyi.
1/2 ARABIC MANUAL.
indifferent [careless), a. ghair (mush) mbeli, it is indiffe-
rent, mitl ba'ad-uh.
indigestion, n. 'usr hadm; su hadm; to have — , v. n.
bintikhim, intakhamt; bisir, sar li takhmi.
indigo, n. nil.
indirect, a. ghair (mush) dughri.
indirectly, ad. bil-wasta.
indiscretion, n. hama"a.
indisposed, a. ghair (mush) mabsut ; / am — , ma li keyf.
indistinct, a. sa"im; ghair (mush) wadih.
i^idividual, n. zalemi p. zilam.
industrious, a. mujtehid.
industry, n. ijtihad.
inevitable, a. lezim (lazim).
inexperienced, a. ghashim; ghair (mush) m'owwad; ghurr
(ghirr).
infancy, n. tufuliyi.
infant, n. tifl p. atfal.
infantry, n. baiyada (biyeda).
infection, n. 'adwi.
infectious, a. m'edi.
inferior, a. adna; owta.
infidelity, n. khiyeni.
infirm, a. 'ajiz p. 'ujjez.
influence, n. nufuz; satwi.
influential, a. nefiz; sahib nufuz.
influenza, n. nezli sidriyi.
inform (of), v. a. bkhabbir, khabbert, khabbir ('an);
b'arrif, 'arraft, 'arrif (f i) ; inform me of what happened
yesterday, 'arrif-ni fiUi sar imbereh.
information, n. m'alumiyi.
ingratitude, n. inkar aj-jemil.
VOCABULARY. 1/3
inhabit, v. biskun, sekent (fi) p.p. meskun.
ifihabitanf, n. ahl al beled ; inJiabitayits, n. p. sukken ;
ahali (aheli).
inherits v. a. buras (burat), warist (waritt) p.p. mowrus
(mowrut).
inheritance, n. 'irs p. miras (mawaris).
injure, v. a. bdurr, darrait, durr p.p. madrur; bu'zi
(bi'zi), azait (azeyt), zi.
injury, n. darar; aziyi.
injustice, n. zulm.
ink, n. hibr; inkpot, daweyi (dawaiyi).
inlaid, a. {witJi viotJier of pearl) mta'am ; [witJi jewels)
mrass'a.
inn, n. lukanda; khan.
innocence, n. bera'a.
innocent, a. beri p. ibriya.
inquire (about), v. bist'alim, st'alamt, st'alim ('an); bis-
takhbir, stakhbert, stakhbir ('an).
insane, a. mejnun.
insanity, n. jnun.
inscription, n. kitebi ; khatt p. khutut.
insect, n. debbebi p. debbebet.
insecure, a. ghair (mush) amin.
insensible, a. fe"id al-hasasi ; ad. bila hasasi.
insert, v. a. bidkhil, adkhalt, idkhil ; [of writing) bhash-
shi, hashshait, hashshi p.p. mhashsha.
inside, ad. juwwa; d^khil ; inside out, 'al al-"elb.
insist (on), v. bharrij, harrajt, harrij ('ala).
insolence, n. sefaha; wa"aha.
insolent, a. sef ih ; wi"ih.
insolvent, a. miflis.
inspect, v. a. bifl?as, fahast, fhas.
174 ARABIC MANUAL.
inspection, n. fahs; teftish.
inspector, n. mufettish; fahis.
instalment, n. "ist p. u'^Sat (u"suta).
instance, n. meteli p. met^l (mesel); for instance, mese-
len (mctelen).
instant, n. lahza.
instead of, pr. bedel; con. bedel ma.
instruct, v. a. b'allim, 'allamt, 'allim; bla*'"in, la" *'ant,
la" "in.
instruction, n. t'alim p. t'alimet; ter'in.
instr^iment, n. ali (eli) p. alet c. p. awe'il; 'iddi p. 'ided.
insult, n. ih^ni.
insurance, n. sikurta.
insure, v. a. bsowkir, sowkert, sowkir p.p. msowker.
insurgent, n. 'asi p. 'usat; te*ir p. te'irin.
insurrection, n. fitni; towra.
integrity, n. isti"ami.
intellect, n. 'a"l.
intelligence, n. zeka (zika); fahm.
intelligent, a. zeki (ziki); 'a"il p. *a"ilin ('u"ala).
intemperance, n. ifrat; shirih.
intend, v. n. bu"sud, "asadt; binwi, nwait (nweyt).
intention, n. "asd p. ma"asid; niyi.
intentional, a. ma"sud.
intentionally, ad. bil-"asd.
intercede (for), v. n. bitwassat, twassatt, twassat (ila);
bitsheflfa, tsheffat, tsheffa (ila).
intercept, v. a. bihjuz, hajazt, hjuz p.p. mahjuz.
intercession, n. wesata; shefa'a.
interest, n. [money) faiyiz; {bias) gharad; {liking) meyl;
rughbi (righbi); / have an ifiterest in, li salih fi — ;
interested in, a. mutgharrid (fi).
VOCABULARY. 1/5
interesting, a. mufid; leziz; mlih p. mlah.
interfere (with), v. n. bitdakhal, tdakhalt, (bitdekhil),
(tdekhalt) fi.
interference, n. mudakhili (mdekhili).
interior, n. dekhil.
interminable, ad. bila niheyi.
internal, a. dekhili; juwweni.
international, a. dowli (dueli).
interpret, v. a. bterjim, terjemt, terjim.
interpretation, n. terjemi.
interpreter, n. terjuman p. tarajmin.
interval, n. (place) mesefi; {time) middi; in the interval^
fi esna.
interview, n. mwajilia; m"abeli.
intestate, ad. bila wesiyi.
intestine, n. misran p. masarin.
intimate, a. khususi.
iftto, pr. fi; dekhil fi.
intolerable, a. ghair (mush) muhtimil.
intoxicated, a. sekran.
intoxication, n. sukr.
intrigue, n. fesad p. mfesid ; desisi p. desa'is; v. n.
{against) bme"dih, me"diht, me"dih ('ala); bifsud,
fesadt, fsud ('ala).
intriguer, n. mufsid; mi*'dah p. ma"adih.
introduce (to), v. a. b'arrif, 'arraft, 'arrif (fi); b"addim,
"addamt, "addim (ila); (of things) v. a. bmeshshi,
meshshait, meshshi.
intrust (to), v. a. bud'a, wad'at, ud'a (li'ind).
inundation, n. tufan; hamuli; seyl.
invent, v. a. bikhtir'i, ikhtar'at, ikhtir'i.
invention^ n. ikhtira*a.
1/6 ARABIC MANUAL.
inventory^ n. "a'imi p. "awe'im.
invest [in), v. a. bhutt, hattait, hutt (fi).
investigate, v. a. bifhas, fahast, fhas p.p. mafhus.
investigation, n. fahs.
invisible, a. ghair (mush) menzur.
invitation, n. 'azimi p. 'aze'im.
invite^ (to) v. a. be'izum, 'azamt, 'uzum (li) p.p. m'azum.
involuntary, ad. bidun "asd.
inwards, ad. ila juwwa.
iron, n. hadid ; n. (fat iron) mikwi ; v. a. bikwi, kaweyt
(kweyt), kwi p.p. mikwi.
ironijig-womayi, n. kuweyi.
irregular, a. ghair (mush) muntazim.
irresolute, a. mutereddid ; da'if al-'azm.
irrigate, v. a. bis"i, sa"ait, s"i.
irrigation, n. sa*'i. •
island, n. jeziri p. jeze'ir.
isolate, v. a. bifruz, farazt, fruz p.p. mafruz.
issue, n. netiji; hasil; v. n. bidhar, dahart, dhar; bitl'a,
tl'at, tl'a; V. a. bsaddir, saddert saddir.
it, pro. hu (hui) ; pro, suff. uh (h).
Italy, Italia; Italian, a. italiyeni.
itch, V. n. (3rd per.) biyir'a, re'i.
itching, n. hakki.
items, n. p. tafsilat ; mufredat ; item, n. (of an account)
defa p. def'at; nifdi p. nifed.
itinerary, n. yowmiyi.
ivory, n. *aj.
ivy, n. 'amsha".
VOCABULARY. 1 77
J.
jackal, n. wawi p. wawiyi.
jacket, n. jaketa; sitri; bantu.
Jaffa, Yaffa.
jam, n. tatli; hulu; murabba; jani pot, kibbeyi tatli.
January, kennun at-teni.
JapaJi, beled al-Yaban ; Japanese, a. yabani.
jar, n. {large) jarra p. jrar; khabi (khebi) p. khwebi;
"idri p. "idr; (small), hu"; dweyk p. dweykat; (for
table use) sherbi (n'ara).
jasper, n. yasb.
jaundice, n. ri"an ; sfaira.
jaw, n. fekk p. fukuk; jaw bone, hanuk p. hanek.
jealous, a. hasud.
jealousy, n. hasad.
Jericho, ariha.
Jerusalem, "uds; urushlim.
jessamine, n. yasmin.
jest, n. mezh; hazl; v. n. bimzah, mezaht, mzah.
Jesuit, yesu'i p. yesu'iyi.
Jesus, yesu'a. 'Isa.
jet, n. silen ; (of water) fis*'iyi ; nofera.
jetty, n. rasif.
JeWt yahiidi p. yahud; Jewish, a. yahudi.
jewel, n. j6whera (johera) p. jewehir (jawahir).
jeweller, n. jowherji.
jewelry, n. p. mjowherat; imitation — , mjowherat kizbi.
job, n. shughl (shighl) p. ashgh^I.
jockey, n. khaiyel.
jocular, a. rawendi.
1/8 ARABIC MANUAL.
join (to), V. a. busul, wasalt, usul (usil) p.p. mowsul,
(bi); bdumm, dammait, dumm (ila).
joint, n. mafsal p. mafasil; (of business) mushterek.
jolt, n. khadda; v. a. (y^ per.) bikhudd, khadd.
Jordan, nahr al-urdun.
journal, n. yowmiyi.
journalist, n. mketib; muresil.
journey, n. sefer, p. asfar ; khatra.
jovial, a. farhan ; mesrur.
joy, n. farah ; surur.
judge, n. "adi p. "uda; ne'ib (na'ib).
judgment, n. hukm.
judicial, a. sher'i.
jtidicious, a. 'a"il.
jug, n. bri" p. beri" (eberi").
juggler, n. mz'abir.
juice, n. 'asir; zum.
juicy, a. mewi.
July, tammuz.
jump, n. fezzi ; v. n. bnutt, nattait, nutt ; bi'*muz, '*amazt,
"umuz; (over) v. bfizz, fezzait, fizz ('ala).
jtinction, n. mel"a; mujtem'a.
Jime, hazeran.
jujiiper, n. sindrus.
just, a. *adil; just so, ad. bit-temem.
justice, n. *adl; *adeli.
justify (oneself), v. bberrir zet-i, berreyt zet-i, berrir
zet-ak; (confirm) v. a. bsebbit, sebbett, sebbit; / am
justified in doing so, ha** '*-i 'amil heyk.
justly, ad. bil-'adl; bil-ha" '*.
VOCABULARY. 179
kavasSy n. "uwwas p. "owwasa; uniform of — , bedlit
al-"uwwas; loose jacket with hanging sleeves^ demir
p. dwemir; kebbut; jacket without sleeves^ kubran p.
kweberin; embroidered jacket, demir ma"assab; vest
with sleeves, mintian p. mnetin ; embroidery, *'asab ;
loose trousers, shirwal p. sherawil; gaiter, tma" p.
tma"at; sash, zinnar p. znenir; fez (cap) terbush p.
trabish; tassel, sherrabi p. sherarib; sword, seyf p.
siyuf; plated sword, seyf mfaddad; sword-belt, bind
p. bnud as-seyf; shirt, "amis p. "umsan.
keel, n. "a'dit al-merkeb.
keen, a. "aris; kheri" p. khawari'*; 'asif p. 'awasif.
keep, V. a. bba" "i, ba""eyt, ba""i; bkhalli, khallait,
(khalleyt) khalli; (observe) behfaz hafazt, hfaz p.p.
mahfuz; keep accounts, v. bimsik, mesakt hiseb; keep
on doing, v. n. bdamm, dammait 'amil; keep waiting,
V. a. b'owwa", 'owwa"t, 'owwe"; / will not keep you
waiting, ma bitruk-ak tuntur-ni; (one^s word) v, ma
bikhrum fi"61-i ("owl-i).
keeper, n. haris p. hurras.
keepsake^ n. teikar.
keg, n. barmil zghir.
kernel, n. "elb ("alb) p. "ulub.
kettU, n. bri" p. beri".
key, n. mifteh (miftah) p. mfetih (mefatih); key hole, n.
tu"ub (ti"ib) al-beb (al-mifteh).
kickt n. labta; v. a. bilbat, labatt, Ibut; birfus, refest,
rfis.
kid, n. jidi p. jdaiya; kid gloves, kfuf jild.
l8o ARABIC MANUAL.
kidney, n. kelwi p. kleywi.
kill, V. a. bi"tul, "atalt, u"tul (u"til) p.p. ma"tul; he was
killed, "itil.
kiln, n. atun.
kind, n. jins p. ajnes; now' (no') p. anw'a; shikl p.
shikel (ashkal); a. sahib m'aruf; latif p. lutafa.
kindness, n. lutf.
king, n. melik p. muluk; (cards) rai.
kingdom, n. m^mleki p. memalik.
kiss, n. bowsi (bosi) p. bowset; v. a. bbus, bist, bus.
kit, n. p. howeyij.
kitchen, n. matbakh p. matabikh; stove, uja" p. uja"at;
m6"adi; bars of the grate, msabb'a; chimney, med-
kheni ; (of iron) dekhun ; oven, firn ; cupboard, khizeni ;
shelf, reff p. rfuf; sink, balu'a; table, towli p. towlet;
kitchen utensils, n. p. awe'i (nahas) al-matbakh.
kite, n. taiyara; to fly a — , btaiyir, taiyert, t-aiyir tai-
yara; n, (bird) shuha.
kitten, n. bissi ; "atta zghiri.
knapsack, n. jerabandiyi.
knave, (cards) n. fershakh.
knead, v. a. be'ujun, 'ajant, 'ujun.
kneading-pan, n. m'ajen.
knee, n. rikbi p. rikeb (rikeb); knee deep, li rikbi; knee-
cap, sabunit ar-rikbi ; on one's knees, 'ala rikeb (rikeb).
kneel, v. n. birk'a, rak'at, irk'a.
knife, n. sikkin p. skekin ; table knife, sikkin at-towli ;
clasp-knife, mitwi; mus; pen-knife, 'uwaisiyi; knife-
sharpener, msenn; small knife, sikkin zghir; large
knife, sikkin kbir.
knit, V. a. bishtighil, shtaghalt, shtighil bis-sinnara.
knitting, n. shighl (shughl) sinnara.
VOCABULARY. 1 8 1
knob^ n. meski ; tiffehat al-beb.
knocky V. a. bdu"", da'* "ait, du""; knock down or over,
V. a. birmi, rmait, rmi; bibtah, bataht, btah.
knot, n. 'i"di p. 'u"ad; knotted, a. m'a"ad.
knot (to), V. a. be"'ud, Vadt, 'u"ud p.p. rnVud.
know, V. a. b'arif, 'arift, 'arif p.p. m'aruf; make known,
V. a. b*arrif, *arraft, 'arrif; become known, {y^ per.)
biyinti'shir, intashar; bishi'a, sha'a.
knoiuingly, ad. bil-"asd.
knowledge, n. 'ilm; m'arifi.
knuckle, n. 'i"dit (p. 'u"ad) al-usb'a.
label, n. unwen ('ilwan).
laboratory, n. mahall al-kimia.
labour, n. shughl (shighl) ; kedd ; t'ab.
labourer, n. fe'il (fa'il) p. fa'ali.
lace, n. mkeshkesh; dantella; gold — , shrit dahab ("asab);
silver — , shrit fidda.
lack, n. "illi; v. (3rci per.) bi'uz; ma fih.
lad, n. sabi p. subiyan.
ladder, n. sillum p. selelim.
lading (bill of), n. bolsit shahn.
ladle, n. marghafi.
lady, n. sitt p. sittet (sittat).
lag (behind), v. n. b"assir, "assert, "assir ; /^^^/w^ ^^/«W,
a. m"as.sir.
lair, n. maghara.
lake, n. bhaira (bheyra) p. bhairat.
lamb, n. kharuf p. khirfen; (small) "ar*'ur p. '*ara"ir.
1 82 ARABIC MANUAL.
laniBy a. 'araj f. 'arja p. 'urj ; to be lame, v. n. be*uruj,
'arajt; the horse is lame, al-hisan 'amm bey'uruj ; la^ne
excuse, 'uzr kezib.
lament, v. bnuh, niht, nuh ('ala) ; bibki, bakit, bki (*ala).
lamentation, n. menaha.
latnp, n. "andil p. "anadil; dow; lamp-glass, "izezit
"andil.
lance, n. rumh p. rmah; v. a. bibd'a, bad'at, bd'a (bi-
drub-uh neshter).
lancet, n. neshter; mibd'a; rishi.
land, n. ard; (property) riz" p. arza" ; milk, p. amlak;
on lajid, ad. 'al al-berr; (arable) ard mafluha; (pasture)
mer'a; (waste) ard mahmuli ; (wooded) ard mshejjer;
(unwooded) ard sallikh (baiyad); Government land,
ard miri ; public land, ard meshe'a ; private land, milk
khass.
landing-place, n. mina; (wooden) s*'ala.
landlord, n. sahib al-beyt.
landmark, n. takhm p. tkhum.
landowner, n. sahib al-milk.
lane, n. zarub p. zw^rib; dakhli.
language, n. lughgha.
Ia7iguid, a. da'if p. da'af; 'aiyyen.
lantern, n. (glass) fanus p. fwenis; (paper) fanar p. fa-
narat; (magic) fanus sehri.
/^/, n. hudn (hidn).
lapse, V. n. (3rd per.) bifut, fat; the time has lapsed, fat
(mada) al-wa"t.
lard, n. dehn al-khanzir.
larder, n. khizeni.
large, a. kbir c. akbar p. kbar.
lark, n. "unbra.
vcx:abulary. 183
last, a. ekhir (akhir); (preceding) madi; n. ( shoemaker* s)
sidden (sinden); v. n. (3rd per.) bitowvvil, towwal;
bidum, dam (dem); at last, ad. akhiran; last price,
ekhir s'er; last tUne, ekhir marra; last word, ekhir
kilmi.
latch, n. sa"ata (sa"uta).
late, a. (defunct) mutwaffi ; (of niosletns) merhum ; to be
late, V. n. bitla" "as, tla" "ast, tla""as; bit'owwa",
t'owwa"t, t'owwa" ; ^(?« are /^^ to^, t'owwa"t (tla" "ast)
ktir; lately, ad. mu'akhiren.
lath, n. lowh (loh) khasheb p. Iweh.
lathe, n. makhrata.
lather, n. raghwit as-sabun.
latitude, n. 'ard.
latrines, n. kenif; sheshmi; beyt al-mai; beyt al-fada;
beyt al-khala.
latter, a. teni.
latterly, ad. mu*akhiren.
lattice, n. sh'ariyi.
laugh, n. dihki (duhki); v. n. bidhak, dahikt, dahak;
laugh at, V. bidhak 'ala.
laughable, a. mudhik.
laughing-stock, n. maskhara.
laughter, n. dihk.
launch, v. a. bnezzil, nezzelt, nezzil fil-bahr.
laundress, n. ghass^li.
laurel, n. ghar. "
lava, n. mewad burkaniyi.
lavender, n. lawanda.
laWf n. (sacred) sh^riy'a p. sheraiy*a; (civil) nazam;
destur.
law-court, n. mahkemi p. mhakim i(uide court).
1 84 ARABIC MANUAL.
lawful, a. jeyiz.
lawn, n. khadra; merj p. mruj.
lawsuit, n. d'awa p. da'awi.
lawyer, n. wekil da'awi; avokat.
laxative, n. mis-hil; sherbi.
lay, V. a. bhutt, hattait, hutt; {a table) bhutt as-siifra;
(eggs) V. n. (3rd per. f.) bitbid, badet.
layer, n. taba"a; saf (sef) p. sefet; in layers, saf saf.
lazy, a. keslen p. kesela.
lead, n. resas.
lead, V. a. b"ud, "udt, "ud ; btill, tallait, till ; / led him
by the hand, "udt-uh bi id-uh ; (precede) v. n. bit-
"addam, t"addemt, t"addam ('ala) ; v. a. bisba", saba"t,
sba"; [conduct) to, v. a. bekhud, akhadt, khud (li).
leader, n. "^yid ("a'id) p. "uwed.
leading, a. owwel.
leading-article, n. ma"aH iftitahiyi.
leaf, n. wara"a p. wara'* (owra*').
leak, n. shi" " ; (iyi a roof) delf ; v. n. (3rd per.) (vessel)
biyizrub, zarab; birowwih, rowwah; (roof) biyidlif,
dalaf.
lean, n. habr; a. da'if p. da'af; v. n. [on] bittiki, tek-
kait, tikki ('ala); bistinid, stenedt, stinid ('ala); v. a.
{against) bisnud, senedt, snud ('ala) ; / leant the ladder
against the wall, senedt as-sillum 'al al-hait.
leap, n. fezzi; v. n. [over) bfizz, fezzait, fizz ('ala); bi-
"muz, "amazt, "umuz ('ala)*
leap-year, n. sini kebis.
learn, v. a. and n. b'arif, 'arift, 'arif; bit'allam, t'allamt,
t'allam.
learned, a. 'alim p. *ulema.
learning, n. 'ilm; m'arifi.
VOCABULARY. 1 85
lease, n. ijar al-beyt.
leash, n. habli.
least (the'), al-azghar ; at least, a "allama.
leather, n. jild p. jlud; untanned — , jild ftir; Russian
— , jild miskobi.
leave, n. izn ; rukhsa; v. a. bitruk, tarakt, truk; bkhalli,
khallait (khalleyt), khalli; take leave, v. n. bistarkhis,
starkhast, starkhis; [of servants) bitlub, talabt, tlub
izn ; on leave, f i (bi) rukhsa ; you had no leave to do
so, ma ken lak izn t'amil haik.
leaven, n. khamiri; leavened, a. khamir.
leavings, n. p. fad la t.
Lebatton, Libnan; Lebariese, a. libneni.
lecture, n. khitbi p. khitab.
ledge, n. hafii p. hafefi.
ledger, n. defter p. defetir; istez p. asatiz.
leech, n. 'ala"a.
lees, n. rasi (rasib) ; (of wine) 'akr ; (coffee) tifl.
left, n. shimel; to the left, 'ash-shimel; left handed,
Msrawi.
leg, n. ijr p. ijreyn ; (of animals) front-leg, id p. ideyn ;
back — , ijr.
legacy f n. wusiyi.
legal, a. sher'i.
legation, n. sefara.
legend, n. kharafi p. kharafat.
legible, a. mi"ri; wadih.
leisure, n. fadawi; leisurely, a. mute'enni.
lemon, n. laimuni (leymuni) hamda p. laimun hamud.
lemonade, n. leymunada.
lend, V. a. b^'ir, 'irt, e'lr; bu'Vud, "aradt, u"rud.
length, n. \u\; at full length, *ala t^l-uh.
I 86 ARABIC MANUAL.
lengthen, v. a. btowwil, towwalt, towwil p.p. mtowwal.
lengthwise, ad. bi-tul.
lenient, a. leyyin; sihl; leniently, ad. bi lutf.
lent, n. sowm (som) al-kbir.
lentil, n. 'adasi p. 'adas.
leper, n. abras p. burs; mejdum p. mjeddemin; ahl al-
hadiri.
less, ad. bin-na"is; a"el; fnore or less, aktar ow a"el;
he gave 7ne less than you, 'ata-ni a"el min illi 'ata-k
yeh.
lessee, n. muste'jir.
lessen, v. a. bi"ellil, "allelt, "ellil.
lesson, n. ders p. durus; meteli p. mete'il.
lessor, n. mu'jir.
let [alloiv), V. bismah, semaht, smah (li); / will not let
you in, ma bismah-lak tefut; [of houses) v. a. b'ejjir,
ejjert, ejjir; / will let you my house, b'ejjir-ak beyt-i;
let alone, v. bkhalli, khalleyt, khalli wahd-uh ; let go,
V. a. bdeshshir, deshshert, deshshir; bseyyib, seyyebt,
seyyib; let in, v. a. bfowwit, fowwatt, fowwit; let out,
V. a. btall'i, tairat, tall'i; let me [him) pass, khalli-ni
umru" (khalli-h yumru").
letter, n. mektub p. meketib; [of alphabet) harfp. huruf;
letter-bag, kis meketib.
lettuce, n. khassi p. khasset c. p. khass.
level, a. sehili; msewa; jelis f. jelsi; suwi f. swiyi; v. a.
bsewi, saweyt, sewi p.p. ms^wa.
lever, n. 'atili; mukhl.
lexicon, n. "amus p. "awamis.
liar, n. kezzeb; mnefi".
liberal, a. kerim p. kiirama; sakhi.
liberality, n. kerem.
VOCABULARY. 1 8/
liberate, v. a. bitlu", tala"t, tlu" ; bharrir, harrert, harrir.
liberty, n. hurriyi.
library, n. mektebi p. meketib.
license, n. rukhsa; izn; (disorder) rezeli.
lick, V. a. bilhas, lahast, Ihas p.p. melhus; n. lahsi.
lid, n. ghata p. ughtiyi.
lie, n. kizbi p. kizbet; barbuki ; v. n. bikzub, kzibt,
kzub.
lie down, v. n. bnem (bnam), nimt, nem (nam) ; lying
down, pres. part, neyim 1. neyimi ; v. n. bitla" "ah,
tla""aht, tla""ah.
lieutenant, n. mulezim (mulazim).
life, n. 'umr; haiya (hiya); by the life of my father,
bi haiyit bey-i (ab-i).
lifeless (as if dead), ka in-nuh me'it.
////, V. a. birfa, refat, irfa; bshil, shilt, shil.
light, n. dow; nur; a. khafif c. akhaf p. khifaf; [of
colour) fetih c. aftah ; v. a. bdowwi, dowweyt, dowwi
p.p. mdowwa; {a fire) v. a. bsha'il, sha'alt, sha'il ;
lighted, a. she'ili (sha'ali) ; come to light, v. n. (3rd per.)
biyizhar, zahar; biyinjili, injela; biban, ban.
lighten, v. a. bkhaffif, khaffeft, khaffif p.p. mkhaffef; [of
lightning) (3rd per. f.) bitibri", bera"it (kenet tibri").
lightning, n. ber" ; flash of — , ber"a.
like, a. shebih p. ashbah ; ad. mitl ; v. a. bhibb, hab-
bait (habbeyt), hibb p.p. mahbub.
likely, a. muhtimil.
likeness, n. mshebeha.
lilac, n. zenzelakht.
lily^ n. zdnba'*a p. zanba".
limb, n. 'adu p. *uda.
lime, n. (tree) zezafiin ; (fruit) laimun hulu ; (cement) kils.
1 88 ARABIC MANUAL.
lifnit, n. hadd p. hudud; v. a. bhaddid, haddedt, had-
did p.p. mahdud; the time is limited, al-wa"t daiyi".
limp, V. n. bekhud, akhadt min ijr-i.
line, n. saff p. sfuf; [of writing) satr p. stur; straight
line, khatt musta"im (dughri); v. a. bbattin, battant,
battin p.p. mbattan.
linen, n. kitten; [underclothing) tyeb tahteniyi.
linifnent, n. duhun.
lining, n. btani.
lint, n. neseli; ketit.
link, n. zaredi p. zarad ; hala"a p. hal"at c. p. hala'*.
liftseed, n. bezr kitten; — oil, zeyt har; crushed — , bezr
kitten med"u".
lintel, n. 'atabi.
lion, n. seb'a p. sbe'a; asad p. usud.
lip, n. shift! p. shifef (shffef); upper, lower lip, shifti
fu"aniyi, tahteniyi.
liquid, n. se'il p. sew^'il.
liquidate (debts), v. a. bsaffi, safteyt, saffi p.p. msafta.
liquorice, n. sus ; root of — 'ur" as-sus ; juice of — rub
as-sus.
list, n. "a'imi p. "awe'im.
listen (to), v. bisgha, saghait, sgha (li); listeuing, pres.
part, saghi.
literally, ad. harfiyan.
lithography, n. tab'a-i-hajr.
litigant, n. sahib d'awa.
litter, n. takhtirewen ; (for animals) fershi; zibl; in a
litter, a. m'affashi.
little (a), n. nitfi ; shwayi; {tirne) burha ; a. zghir c. azghar
p. zghar; little by little, shwayi, shwayi.
live, V. n. be'ish, 'isht, 'ish; live on, v. be'ish 'ala; he
VOCABULARY. 1 89
lives fro7n hand to mouth, be'yish min id-uh ila
timm-uh.
livelihood, n. ma'aishi; means of — , asbeb al-ma'ash.
liver, n. kibid.
livery, n. bedli makhsusa.
lizard, n. hardown p. haradin.
load, n. himl p. hmel (hmuli); v. a. bhammil, hammelt,
hammil p.p. mhammel; {a ship) bish-han, shahant,
shahan p.p. mash-hun ; (a gun) bdikk, dekkait, dikk
p.p. madkuk.
loaf, n. (bread) rghif p. irghfi ; [sugar) ras ("alib) sikker.
loan, n. (money) "ird ("irda) p. "urud; (things) aiyeri
('aiyari).
local, a. mahalliyi-
lock, n. ghal p. ghalet; v. a. bi"ful, "afelt, "iful ("ifil)
p.p. ma"ful.
locket, n. kirdan; snoberiyi; medalion.
locomotive, n. makina.
locust, n. jeradi p. jerad.
lodge, V. a. bbeyyit, beyyett, beyyit; v. n. (at) bibat,
bitt, bat (f i) ; binzel, nzilt, inzel (fi).
lodger, n. nezil p. nuzela; daif (deyf) p. diyuf.
lodging, n. menzil; beyt.
loft, n. 'aaliyi ; taiyara ; hay loft, tebben.
loiter, V. n. bit*owwa", t'owwa"t, t'owwa".
long, a. tawil c. atwal p. tuwal ; long ago, min zemen ;
for a long time, middi tawili.
longitude, n. tul.
look, n. nazra ; lamha ; look at, v. bittall'a, ttall'at, ttall'a
(fi); look for, v. bfettish, fettesht, fettish ('ala);bdow-
wir, dowwert, dowwir ('ala) ; look after, v. bdir bel-i,
dirt bcl-i, dir bcl-ak ('ala); look into, v. a. bshuf, shuft,
IQO ARABIC MANUAL.
shuf; V. bunzur, nazert, nzur (fi); look like, v. n.
bbeyyin, beyyent, beyyin mitl; look upon as, v, a.
bihsub, hasabt, hsub — mitl; be'itibir, 'etebert, e'iti-
bir — mitl; look here! ttall'a hon; look out! u'a;
dahr-ak; dir bel-ak; look sharp! rowwij ; intibih.
looking-glass, n. mereyi (maraiyi) p. muri.
loose, a. rakhu f. rakhwi c. arkha.
loosen, V. a. bhill, halleyt, hill p.p. mahlul ; birkhi, rkhait,
irkhi.
lop, V. a. bifr'a, fer'at, fr'a p.p. mafru'a; bsheffi, sheffeyt,
sheffi.
loquacious, a. ktir al-haki; ktir al-ghalibi.
lord, n. rebb.
Lordsprayer, n. as-sala ar-ribbaniyi.
lose, V. a. bdaiy'i, daiy'at, daiy'i; [money) bikhser, khsirt,
khsar; {the way) v. ri. btih (btuh), tiht 'an ad-derb;
(/ lose my temper) v. n. (3rd per.) biyitl'a khiF'-i, tili'a
khil"-i.
loser, n. khasran.
loss, n. khisara ; sell at a loss, v. a. bbi*a, be'ut bi khisara.
lot, n. sirbi; jumli; (chance) nasib.
lots {to cast), V. birmi, rmait, rmi "ur'a.
lottery, n. "ur'a.
loud, a. 'aali c. a'ala.
lousey n. "amli p. "ami.
love, n. ghuram ; mahabbi ; v. a. bhibb, habbeyt, hibb
p.p. mahbub; fall in love with, v. a. be'ashi", 'ashi"t;
he is in love with her, hui mughram fi-ha; 'ashi"-ha.
loved, a. habib; lover, n. muhibb; habib.
low, a. wati c. owta; deni (dun) c. adna.
lower, a. tahteni ; v. a. bnezzil, nezzelt, nezzil ; bdelli,
dellait (delleyt), delli ; loiver the price, nezzil as-'ser.
VOCABULARY. I9I
loyal, a. tai'ya.
loyalty, n. ta'a.
lozenge, n. habbi p. hbub.
luck, n. bakht; tof i" ; hazz; bad luck, nahs.
lucky, a. mwaffa" ; hazz-uh kbir.
lucrative, a. mufid; ma'ash-uh mlih.
ludicrous, a. mudhik.
luggage, n. 'afsh; howeyij ; hmuli.
lukewarm, a. fetir f. fetri.
lump, n. kebshul p. kbeshil.
lunar, a. "ameriyi.
lunatic, a. mejnun; {cracked) mef'u'a; {light-headed')
mesh'ur.
luncheon, n. ftur.
lungs, n. riyi.
luscious, a. hulu f. hilwi c. ahla.
lustre, n. lima'an.
luxurious, a. mutrafih.
luxury, n. rifeh.
/yr^, n. *ud p. 'awed.
M.
mace, n. "ishr jowz at-tib; {club) 'asa p. 'usi.
machine, n. makina; eli (ali) p. elet (al^t) c. p. awe'il;
sewing-machine, elit khiyata.
mad, a. mejnun [vide lunatic),
madness, n. jenun.
madonna, n. sitt-na meriam (al-*adra).
magazine, n. ncshera (nfshra).
maggot, n. dudi p. dud.
192 ARABIC MANUAL.
magic J n. sehr; a. sehri.
magician, n. sehir; sahhar.
magistrate, n. "adi p. "uda; na'ib (ne'ib).
magnet, n. maghnatis.
magnetise, v. a. (3rd per.) bimaghnit, maghnat,
magnificence, n. jeleli; magnificent, a. jelil.
magpie, n. \^\ ("a") p. "i"an.
Mahomet, Muhammed; seyyid-na (our lord) Muhammed
resul-ullah {the prophet of God) ; Mahotnetan, n. mus-
lim p. musulmin (islam), Mahometanism, islam.
maid, n. bint p. benet (benat) ; — servant, san'i p. sun-
n'a; [black) jeriyi p. jeweri.
7naiden-hair (fern), n. kizbrit al-bir.
mail, n. dir'a; (post) bosta.
mainspring, n. {of a watch), zunberak as-se*a.
maintaiyi [support), v. a. b'ul, *ilt; v. b"um, "umt (bi) ; /
cannot maintain my family, ma bi"dir b"um bi 'aiyilt-i.
maintenance, n. "ut; *'iyam bin-nefa*'a.
maize, n. dara (dura).
majestic, a. jelil ; majesty, n. jeleli. His [Her) Majesty,
jelelt-uh, jelelt-ha.
major, n. bin bashi ; a. [of age) mfdrik ; beligh.
majority, n. sinn al-bulugh; the majority, al-akteriyi.
make, v.' a. b*amil, *amilt, 'amul ('amil) p.p. m'amul;
— the best of, v. a. bihtimil, ihtamelt, ihtimil; —
light of, V. bistakhiflf, stakhaffait, stikhifif (fi); — mo-
7tey, V. n. birbah, rbiht, irbah; — ready, v. a. bhad-
dir, haddert, haddir; bwaddib, waddabt, waddib p.p.
mwaddab; — a speech, v. n. bukhtub, khatabt,
khtub ; — sure, v. a. b'ekkid, akkedt, ekkid p.p. m'ek-
ked ; — way [for), v. bwass'a, wass'at, wass'i (li) ; —
one's way, v. n. binjah, nejaht, injeh fi dunia.
VOCABULARY. 1 93
malaria^ n. malaria.
male, n. zekr p. zukur.
malice, n. hi"d.
malicious, a. ha"ud.
mallet J n. hatura; mda""a.
Malta, malta; Maltese, a. malti.
man, n. rijjel p. rjel.
manage, v. a. bdebbir, debbert, debbir; bsewi, saweyt.
sewi.
management, n. idara.
manager, n. mudir p. mudera.
mane, n. m'arafiyi.
mange, n. jarab; mangy, a. jarben.
manger, n. ma'alaf.
mangle, v. a. (3rd per.) biyimezzi", mezza".
manhood, n. rujuliyi.
mankifid, n. al-beshr.
manly, a. rijjel.
manna, n. menn.
manner, n. shikl p. shikel; tari"a.
manners, n. p. adab ; n. husn suluk.
manoeuvre, n. tedrib p. tedribat; (military) mnovverat
harbiyi.
mantle, n. meshlah p. meshelih; 'aba p. 'ibi.
manufactory, n. m'amel p. ma'amel; fabrika.
manufacture, n. *amel; shughl (shighl).
manufacturer, n. sahib m'amel; kirkhanji.
manure, n. zibl.
manuscript, n. khatt yed.
many, a. ktir p. ktar ; many times, marrat ktiri ; mafiy
coloured, mlowwan.
map, n. kharta.
13
194 ARABIC MANUAL.
marble, n. rkham; mermer.
March, adar; [military) n. meshiyi.
mare, n. faras p. kheyl.
margin, n. hashiyi.
marigold, n. bakhur meriam.
marine, a. bahri.
mark, n. 'alemi p. *alemat; marka; v. a. b'allim, 'allamt,
'allim p.p. m'allam ; (commercial) bmerrik, merrakt, mer-
rik p.p. mmarrak; up to the mark, leyi" lish-shighl;
titl'a bi id-uh al-maslaha; near the mark, a. musib;
wide of the mark, a. mukhti.
market, n. su" p. aswa" (swa").
Maronite, maruni p. muwarni ; Maronite church, al-kenisit
al-maruniyi.
marriage, n. jewez (zewej); jizi (zija) p. jizet (zijet);
ceremony of — , iklil ; — service, salat al-iklil.
marriageable, fi sinn aj-jewez.
marrow, n. nkh'a ; marrow-bone, n. 'admi p. 'adam
('adm) ; vegetable-marrow, n. kusa.
marry, v. n. bitjowwaz, tjowwazt, tjowwaz p.p. mjow-
waz; give in marriage, v. a. bjowwiz, jowwazt, jow-
wiz; (perform the ceremony) v. a. bkellil, kellelt,
kellil.
marsh, n. bata".
martingale, n. kurfsan.
martyr, n. shehid p. shuheda.
martyrdom, n. shehedi.
marvellous, a. gharib; 'ajib.
masculine, a. mzekker.
mash, V. a. bihlus, halest, hlis p.p. mahlus; bihrus, ba-
rest, hris p.p. mahrus.
mask, n. wijh 'aiyeri; maskhara p. msekhir.
VOCABULARY. I95
masout n. m'emeri p. m'ameriyi.
masonry, n. hejara.
mass, n. [things) kumi (komi) p. kuam; [people) jemhur
p. jemahir.
massacre, n. mezbaha (medbaha).
mast, n. sari p. sawari.
master, n. [superior) ma'allim ; (of a trade) usta p. us-
tawat; v. bitghallib, tghallabt, tghallib ('ala).
masterpiece, n. da"it shighl ; shighl al-ma'allim.
mastic, n. 'ara*'.
mat, n. hasiri p. husr.
match, n. [lucifer) shahaitta p. shahat; kebrit; wal'aj
[pair) jowz (joz) p. ajwez; v. (3rd per.) biwefi'*, wafa"
(•ala).
material, n. "imash ("imesh); [cloth) jukh; [building) V^-
resta; lawezim al-bina.
mathematician, n. riyadi.
mathematics, n. p. ar-riyadiyet.
matter, n. maslaha p. masalih; mes'eli; "adiyi; what is
the matter, shu al-mes'eli; what is the matter with
you, shu bek; ma lak; there is nothing the matter,
ma fi shi; it does not matter, ma biseyl.
mattress, n. fresh p. firsh.
mature, a. reshid (rashid).
mausoleum, n. ma"am p. ma"amat.
May^ iyar; nuwar.
me, pro. suff, i (ni).
meadow, n. merj p. mruj.
meal, n. [ground grain) tahin ; [repast) akl.
mean, a. dun; [stingy) bakhil p. bukhala; khasis; [average)
m'addal ; v. n. (3rd per.) y*ani ; it meatis, m'ana-uh.
meaning, n. m'ana.
196 ARABIC MANUAL.
means J n. imken (imkan); "udra; by mea?is of, hi w^stSit.
meanwhile (in the), fi hal-fursa; fil-wa"t zet-uh.
measles, n. hasbi ; himeri.
measure, n. *'iyes p. "iyeset; tape — , mitr p. amtar;
(of capacity) keyl; (weight) wazn; (proceeding) tedbir
p. tedebir; tari"a ;. full measure, 2i. kemil; short — ,
na"is; above — , ad. fow" al-'adi; what does it measure ?
shu "iyes-uh; v. a. bi"is, "ist, "is; bekhud, akhadt,
khud al-"iyes; (by weight) buzin, wezent, uzin p.p.
mowzun; (by capacity) bkeyyil, keyyelt, keyyil p.p.
mkeyyel.
meat, n. lahm.
Mecca, mekki.
medal, n. nish^n p. nieshin; medalion.
meddle (i?i), v. n. bitdakhal (bitdekhal), tdakhalt (tdek-
halt) m'a; bitahashshir, tahashshart, tahashshir (fi).
meddler, n. hishri; fuduli.
medicine, n. dawa p. edwiyi.
mediocrity, n. hali mutwassta.
meditate, v. bit'ammel, t'ammelt, t'ammel (fi).
tneditation, n. ta'ammul.
Mediterranean sea, al-bahr al-mutwassit.
medlar, n. z*arura p. z'arur.
meek, a. wadiy'a.
meet, v. a. bla"i, la"ait, la"i; {by chajice) v. a. bisduf,
sadaft; where shall we meet? weyn minitla"a.
meeting, n. ijtima*a; mula"a; vteeting place, mahall
ijtima'a; (rivers) mer'a.
melancholy, n. sweda; sowdewi; msodan.
mellow, a. mistwi.
melodious, a. mutribi.
melody, n. lahn p. alhan.
VOCABULARY. 1 9/
melon, n. battikh asfar, {water-melon) battikh akhdar;
[sweet scented) shemmem; "aun.
melty V. n. (3rd per.) bidub, dab; v. a. bdowwib, dow-
wabt, dowwib p.p. mdowwab.
member, n. 'adu ; honorary — , 'adu ikrami.
memorandum, n. mzekkeri; ta"rir.
memory, n. zakra; my memory, zakirt-i; in memory of,
tezkar li.
menace, n. tahdid ; wa'id; v. a. bitaheddad, taheddedt,
tahedded ; v. bitwa'ad, twa'adt, twa'ad (ila).
mend, v. a. bsallih, sallaht, sallih p.p. msallah; to be
mended, (3rd per.) biyitsallah, tsallah; [of pens) v. a.
bibri, berait, bri p.p. mibri.
mention [to), v. a. bizkur, zakert, zkur p.p. mezkur (li);
/ mentiofied it to him, zakert-illuh yeh.
merchandise, n. p. bda'a (badaiy'i).
merchant, n. tejir p. tujjar.
merciful, a. rahum ; shefu".
merciless, a. mush (mau) rahum; ad. bila rahmi.
mercury, n. zaiba".
mercy, n. rahmi ; shefa"a.
merely, ad. bes; fa"at.
merit, n. istih"a"; v. a. bistaha" ", staha""eyt, stihi"".
merry, a. farhan.
mess, n. 'aj"a; lakhbata; [dirt) wasakh; [fig.) irtibek;
l^beki; in a mess, a. m*aju'*; [fig>) murtibik.
message, n. khaber; to send a — , bib'at, ba'att li —
khaber.
messenger^ n. sd'i (sa'i); mirsel.
metal, n. m'aden p. ma'aden.
metaphor, n. mejaz. *
meteor, n. shehab p. shiihub.
198 ARABIC MANUAL.
method, n. tari"a.
metre {verse), n. beyt p. abiyet.
metropolitan, n. mitran p. matarni.
'ntew, V. n. (3rd per.) binowwi, nowwa ; mewing, a. nowwi.
microscope, n. mikroskob.
mid-day, n. dohr.
middle, n. wast; in the middle of, pr. fi wast; middle-
man, dellel; simsar; middle course, tari" mutwassit;
middle-aged, a. mutwassit fis-sinn.
mid-night, n. nuss leyl.
mid-way, n. nuss ad-derb.
midwife, n. deyi.
migrate, v. n. (riomads) birhal, rahalt, rhal.
migration, n. mhajera ; {nomads) rahil.
mild, a. latif p. liitafa; leyyin.
mildeiu, n. 'afn ('ufuni).
mile, n. mil p. amyal.
military, a. 'askeri.
milk, n. halib; fresh — , halib taza; boiled — , halib
mighli; hot — , halib sukhn; cold — , halib berid;
sotir — , lebn.
viill, n. tahun p. twahin; hand — , jarushi p. jwerish; ;;z27/-
stone, hajr (p. hijjar) tahun; mill-wheel, ferash at-tahun.
miller, n. tahhan.
millet, (vide maize).
7nillion, n. meliyun p. mleyin ; tnillionaire, sahib meliyun.
mimic, v. a. bi'*ellid, 'elledt, "ellid p.p. m*'elled.
minaret, n. medni p. mawadin.
mince, v. a. bifrum, faramt, frum p.p. mafrum.
mind, n. 'a"l; v. [pay attention to) bintibih, intebeht,
intibih (ila); [care about) binhamm, inhammait (li);
[interest) v. a. (3rd per.) bihimm, hamm ; / dont mitid.
VOCABULARY. I99
ma bihimm-ni ; make tip ones mind, v. n. be'itimid,
'etamedt ('ala); mind oyie's busijiess, v. bdir, dirt bel-i
'ala shighl-i ; speak one's mind, v. behki, hakeyt fikr-i ;
7tei'er mind, ma biseyl, la bes.
mine, n. m*aden p. ma'aden; v. a. bilghum, laghamt,
Ighum p.p. melghum.
miner, n. m'adenji.
mineral, a. aiid n. m'adeni p. ma'aden; — water, mai
m*adeniyi.
minister, n. wezir, p. wuzera ; prime — , sadr'azam ;
(foreign affairs), nazir (nezir) al-kharijiyi; (interior),
— ad-dakhliyi; (finance), — al-meliyi; (justice), — al-
'adliyi; {public iustruction), — al-ma'arif; (marine), —
al-bahriyi ; (war), — al-harbiyi ; (public works), —
an-nefa; (pious foundations), — al-ow"af; (commerce),
— at-tijara; (police), — az-zabta.
minor, n. "asir p. "ussar.
mijit, n. (platit) n*an'a; {for coining) darb khani; sikki.
minute, n. da"i"a p. da'*ayi'\
miracle, n. 'ajibi p. 'ajeyib.
mirror, n. mereyi (maraiyi) p. muri.
mischief, n. darar ; aziyi.
misconduct, n. su siri; siri rediyi.
misdeed, n. zenb p. znub.
miser, n. bakhil n. bukhala; shahih.
miserable, a. meskin ; (bad) shi"i.
misery, n. sha"ewi; fu*'r.
misfortune, n. msibi p. msaiyib.
miss, V. a. bifut, fitt, fut; bfowwit, fowwatt, fowwit;
/ missed the opportunity, fatft-ni al-fursa; dofit miss
the opportunity, la tfowwit al-fursa; (aim) v. n. bukhti,
kha^ait, khti.
200 ARABIC MANUAL.
mission, n. sefara; {religious) risali; irsaliyi; ba'Ati
diniyi.
missionary, n. "asis p. "usus; mursel p. murselin.
mist, n. ghtaita.
mistake, n. ghalta p. ghaltat c. p. ghalat; khata; 7nake
a mistake, v. n. bighlat (bughlat), ghlutt (ghlitt),
ghlat.
mistress, n. ma'allimi; my mistress, ma'allimt-i.
misunderstanditig, n. su fahm.
mitigate, v. a. bkhaffif, khaffeft, khaffif p.p. mkhaffef.
mitre, n. tej p. tijen.
mix, V. a. bukhlut, khalatt, khlut p.p. makhlut ; {drugs)
bimzij, mazajt, mzuj p.p. memzuj.
mixed, a. memzuj ; makhlut.
mixture, n. mezij.
moan {moaning), n. 'anin ; v. n. bi'in, 'anait ('aneyt), *in.
moat, n. khenda" p. khanadi" (khnedi").
mob {the), al-owbash (obash).
mockery, n. dihki (duhki).
model, n. mesel (metel) p. emsel; {fig^) *'idwi.
moderate, a. mu'tfdil.
moderation, n. 'itidel.
modern, a. jdid p. jidad.
modest, a. mahshum; modesty, n. hfshmi.
fnoist, a. rutib.
moisten, v. a. brattib, rattabt, rattib p.p. mrattab.
moisture, n. rtubi.
mole, n. khuld p. menajiz.
molest, V. a. bu'zi (bi'ii), azeyt (azait), zi.
moment, n. lahza.
monarch, n. melik p. muluk; sultan.
monastery, n. deyr p. diyura.
VOCABULARY. 20I
Mondayj nahar (yowm) al-itneyn.
moyiey^ n. mesari (misriyat); m'ameli; — market, bursa;
— changer, serraf p. saiyerif.
mongrel, n. bandu".
monk, n. rahib p. ruhben.
monkey, n. s'aden p. sa'adin.
monopolise, v. a. bihsur, hasert, hsur p.p. mahsur.
monopoly, n. hasr; al-yed al-wahdi.
monster, n. wahsh p. wuhush.
Montenegro, jebel as wad ; Montenegrin, min jebel aswad.
month, n. shehr p. shuhur (ish-hur); monthly, a. shehri.
monument, n. asar p. asar (eter p. atar).
jHoon, n. "amer; new — , hilel; — light, dow al-"amer;
full — , bedr.
moor, V. a. burbut, rabatt, urbut p.p. marbut.
moorings, n. marbat.
morals, n. p. adeb.
more, a. and ad. aktar; moreover, ad. aidan.
morning, n. bukra; subh; in the moriiing, 'a bukra;
this morning, al-yowm 'a biikra.
Morocco, marakesh; Moor, mughrabi; Moorish, a. ma-
gharbi.
morsel, n. sha"fi.
mortal, a. me'it; {deadly) "attel.
mortar, n. [of copper) hewin (hawin); (stone) jurn.
mortgage, n. rahn ; v. a. birhun, rahant, rhun p.p. merhun.
mortgagee, n. murt^hin.
mortgagor, n. rahin.
mosaic, n. tenzil.
mosque, rt. j^m*i p. jaw^m'i; mesjid p. mes^jid.
mosquito, n. berghashi p. berghash ; nemusi p. nemus;
mosquito-net, nemusiyi.
202 ARABIC MANUAL.
moss, n. khazz.
most, a. and ad. al-aktar; aktar min al-kull (kill); for
the most part, al-aghlab.
moth, n. 'itti p. 'itt; to be motheate?i, v. n. (3rd per.)
bi'attit, 'attet p.p. m'attit.
mother, n. imm p. immet; mother-in-law, 'ammi.
^notion, n. hareki; in motion, a. mutaharrik; meshi.
motive, n. sebeb p. asb^b; gharad.
motto, n. kelimi; 'ibara.
mould, n. tirab; (shape) "elib ("alib) p. "awalib.
mouldy, a. m'affin ; to go mouldy, v. n. (3rd per.) bi*affin,
'afifan.
fHoult, V. a. (3rd per.) biyishlah, shalah; biyibdal, bedel ;
the bird moults, at-tayr biyishlah rish-uh.
mound, n. telli p. tlel.
mount, V. n. bitl'a, tl'at, tl'a ('ala); (an animal)] v. a.
birkeb, rkibt, irkeb.
mountain, n. jebel, p. jib^l; range of — , silslit jibel.
mounted, a. rekib.
mourn (for), v. behzan, hzint, hzan ('ala) ; bhidd, had-
dait, hidd ('ala) ; wear mourning, v. bilbus, Ibist, ilbus
hided.
mourniftg, n. hided; hizn; ifi — , l^bis hided.
motise, n. fara p. firan c. p. far.
mouse-trap, n. masiyadit far.
moustache, n. sherib p. shwerib.
mouth, n. timm (tumm) p. itman; fimm (fumm) p. af-
weh; buz.
mouthful, n. lu"mi.
mouthpiece, n. biz.
move, V. a. (put in motion) bharrik, harrakt, harrik;
bmeshshi, meshshait, meshshi; (transport) bin"ul, na-
VOCABULARY. 203
"alt, n"ul; move away, v. a. bshil, shilt, shil; v. n.
bitaharrak, taharrakt, taharrak; move about, bdur,
durt, dur.
mow, V. a. bhishsh, hashshait, hishsh p.p. mahshush ;
bjizz, jezzeyt, jizz p.p. mejzuz.
Mr, Mrs, al-khowaja; as-sitt.
much, a. a?id ad. ktir c. aktar p. ktar.
7nud, n. wahl.
muddle, n. 'aj"a; {Jig.) irtebek {vide mess),
muddy, a. muhil; wehil.
mug, n. kuz p. akwaz.
mulberry, n. tuti p. tut; (white) tut hezez; {black) tut
sh^mi; — tree, tuti.
mule, n. baghl p. bghal; she-mule, baghli; kicking mule,
baghl shmus.
muleteer, {mule-driver) n. mkeri p. mkeriyi ; "atfrji.
multiply, V. a. {a iiumber by another), bidrub, darabt,
drub p.p. madrub (fi); multiply 3 by 4., drub tleti fi
arb'a.
multiplication, n. darb.
mumps, n. abu ka*ib (k'ab).
municipality t n. belediyi ; President of — , raiyis al-
belediyi.
murder, v. a. bi"tul, "atalt, u"tul (u"t{l) p.p. ma"tul;
a murdered man, "atil.
murderer, n. **6til ("atil) p. "utela.
murmur, n. ta**um"um; v. n. bitdemmir, tdemmert.
muscle, n. 'adali p. 'adalet.
museum, n. d^r at-tuhaf.
mushroom, n. futr; khibz al-"a*\
music, n. musika; {vocal) ghina; {church) tertil ; psaltika ;
musician, musiki ; {of a band), nubdtji.
204 ARABIC MANUAL.
muskj n. misk.
muslin, n. shesh ; muslina.
must, I must go {come), ana lezim ruh (iji).
mustard, n. khardal.
musty, a. m'affin.
mute, (to be) v. n. biskut, sakatt, skut (W<2^^ silent); a.
akhras.
mutineer, n. 'asi p. 'usat.
mutiny, n. 'isiyan.
mutton, n. lahm dani.
mutual, a. mutbedil; mushterek.
muzzle [of a guft), buz al-barudi.
my, pro. stiff, i (ni).
myrrh, n. murr.
myrtle, n. rihan; as; myrtle berries, habb al-as (han-
felas).
myself, pro. zet-i.
fnysterious, (mystic) a. sirri; 'ajib.
mystery, (mysticism) n. sirr p. asrar.
N.
nail, n. mismar p. mesemir; (of the finger) difr (zifr)
p. adfar (azfar).
naked, a. 'ariyen ; zlait ; stark naked, bi zult.
7iame, n. ism p. asemi (esami) ; v. a. (to give a name to)
bsemmi, sammait, semmi p.p. msemma; (to mention)
bizkur, zakert, zkur; i7i the name of, bi ism.
namely, ad. y'ani; ay.
namesake^ n. smi.
VOCABULARY. 205
napy n. {of cloth) zughbera; (dose) nown (nom) ghatta;
to take a 7iap, v. n. bnam (bnem), ninit, nam (nem)
ghatta.
napkin, n. futa p. fuat.
narcissus y n. narjis.
narcotic y n. mkhadder; mnowwim.
narrow, a. daiyi" c. adya" ; narrow-minded, 'a"l-uh
daiyi" ("asir).
nasty, a. wisikh ; mush (mau) murdi ; mush mlih.
nation, n. ummi p. umam.
national, a. watani.
nationality, n. jinsiyi; tab'iyi; his — , jinsiyit-uh; tab-
'iyit-uh.
native, a. watani; native-land, n. watn.
nativity [feast of the), 'eid al-milad.
natural [naturally), a. and ad. tabt'i.
jiaturalise, v. a. bjennis, jennest, jennis; to be naturalised,
bitjennas, tjennast, tjennas.
naturalisation, n. tejnis.
nature, n. tabi'a.
nausea, n. "irf; to be nauseated [with), v. n. be*'raf,
"irift (min).
naval y a. bahri.
nave, n. sahn.
navel, n. surra.
navigation, n. sefer (seyr) al-bahr.
navy, n. 'amara al-bahriyi.
Nazareth, an-nasra.
near, a. **arib p. "urab; pr. hadd; "arib; jenb; "irb:
*'idd^m; nearly, ad. "arib ; ta'Viban.
neat, a. ndif p. ndaf.
necessary, a. lezim ; daruri ; // is — , lezim ; it is not — ,
206 ARABIC MANUAL.
mush (mau) lezim; n. lezim p. lawezim; necessarily j
ad. daruri.
necessity y n. luzum; darura; there is 710 — , ma fi luzum.
neck, n. ra"bi; necktie, n. rabtit ra"bi ("amtit ra"bi).
necklace, n. 'a"id p. 'u"udi.
need, n. ihtiyej ; v. a. b*uz, 'izt; bihtej, ihtajt.
needle, n. ibri; knitting — , sinnara; eye of a yieedle,
ti"ib al-ibri; needle-work, shighl al-ibri.
negation, n. inkar.
neglect, v. a. behmil, hamelt, hmil p.p. mahmul.
negligence, n. ihmel.
negligent, a. mutahemil.
negro, n. 'abd p. 'abid ; zenji p. znuj.
7ieigh [neighing), n. sahil; v. n. (3rci per.) biyus-hul, sahal.
neighbour, n. jar p. jiran.
fieighbourhood, n. jiri; my — , jirt-i.
neither — 7ior, con. la wa la.
nephew, n. ibn akh (khey) ; ibn ukht (ikht).
nerve, n. 'asab p. *asab.
nervous, a. basses.
nest, n. 'ishsh p. 'ushush ('ashesh) ; nest-egg, moda'a
fil-*'inn.
net, n. shebeki p. shbek.
nettle, n. "urrais.
neuter, a. la mzekker wa la mu'annas.
neutral, a. mutahaiyid.
7ieiitrality, n. hiyyedi.
never, ad. abaden; mnowb (mnob); nevertheless, m'a
zelik.
new, a. jdid p. jidad; new fashion, zey jdid; modajdidi.
Newfoundland, ard aj-jdidi.
news, n. khaber p. (akhber); good news, n. beshara.
VOCABULARY. 20/
newspaper J n. jurnel p. jurnelet; gazetta; jeridi.
nexty a. teni; "admi.
Niagra [falls of)y shelelet niagra.
nibj n. rishi p. riesh.
nibbUy V. a. (3rd per.) biyi'Vut, "arat.
nicey a. zarif p. zuraf; mlih p. mlah; kwaiyis.
nichey n. ta'*a.
nicknamey n. tilbi"a ; libi".
niecey n. bint akh (khey); bint ukht (ikht).
nighty n. leyl p. liyeli; by nighty fil-leyl; all nighty kill
al-leyl ; tul al-leyl ; the thousand and one nights y alf
leyli u leyli.
nightgowny n. tyeb an-nowm.
nightingaley n. bulbul p. blebil.
nightmarey n. kabus (kebus).
NiUy nahr an-nil.
ninibley a. neshit (nishit); herik.
nippUy n. hilmi p. hilem.
nitre y n. natrun.
noy ad. la; nobody (?io-one) hada; I saw nobody y ma shuft
hada; no where y wila bi matrah.
noblcy a. sherif.
nobility y n. sheref.
nody n. haniyi.
noise y n. dajji (doji); 'ayta; make a noise y b'amil, 'amilt,
'amul dajji; bdowwij, dowwajt, dowwij.
noisyy a. bulit.
nomady n. nuri p. nawar; bedewi p. bedu ; rahil p. ruhhul.
nominally^ ad. bil-ism.
nonsense, n. hels ; kelem ferigh ; it is nonsense, bila m'Sna ;
to talk — , V. n. bihlus, halest, hlis.
noony n. ad-dohr.
208 ARABIC MANUAL.
noose, n. 'i"di p. 'u"ad; running noose, 'i"di shuta.
normal, a. tabi'i.
north, n. shimel (shimal); northern, a. shimeli.
Norway, noruj ; Norwegian, a. noruji.
nose, n. minkhar, inf.
nosebag [of a horse), n. kis sh'ir; kis tibn.
nostril, n. khaishum p. khieshim.
not, ad. ma ; la ; not at all, abaden ; not one, ma hada ;
not qnite, lissa; b'ad ma.
fiotable, a. mesh-hur; notables, n. p. 'aiyen.
note, n. tezkeri p. tei^kir; [observation] mulahaza; (of
music) nota p. notat; notes of a piano, sillum; note
book, defter mfekkera; v. a. b"eyyid, "eyyedt, "eyyid
p.p. m"eyyed.
nothing, n. shey (shi); there is nothing, ma fi shi; it will
come to nothing, ma biyistif id shi ; biruh di'an ; it is
good for nothing, ma biyfnfa shi ; ma biyfswa shi ;
better than nothing, ahsan min belesh.
notice, n. e*alen; khaber; v. a. [observe) blahaz, lahazt,
lahaz ; give notice [about) ; v. a. bkhabbir, khabbert,
khabbir ('an); give notice [to), v. n. bnebbih, nebbeht,
nebbih ('ala); it is worth noticing, biyistahi'*" az-zikr;
short notice, middi *'asiri.
notoriety, n. shuhra; notorious, a. mesh-hur.
noun, n. ism p. isma (esami or asemi).
nourish, v. a. bit'am, ta'amt, ta'am p.p. mta'ama.
nourishment, n. t'am.
novelty, n. shey jdidi.
November, teshrin at-teni.
novice, n. [religious) mibtidi ; a. ghurr (ghirr) ; ghashun.
now, ad. halla"; issa; now and then, ahiyenen; now or
never, wa ilia fa la; nowadays, fi hal-iyem.
VOCABULARY
209
nudge, n. defshi; v. a. bidfush, defesht, dfush.
yiuisance^ n. shey (shi) miiz'ij, mut'ib.
null, a. batil (battal) ; 7iull and voidy la y'umel fih.
nujnby a. khadran.
number, n. 'aded p. 'aded; v. a. bnemmir, nammert,
nemmir p.p. mnammer.
numbered, ad. taht numero.
numberless, ad. bila 'aded; bila numra.
numeral, n. ra"m p. ar"am.
numerous, a. ktir p. ktar; 'aded-uh ktir.
nun, n. rahbi p. rabbet.
nurse, n. mrabbiyi; wet-nurse, murda'a.
nut, n. (hazel) bind"a p. bindu"; — tree, bind"a; (pi-
stachio) fistu"; (cocoa) narjil; jozit hind p. joz hind.
nutmeg, n. jowzit tib p. jowz tib ; nutmeg grater, ma-
brashi.
nutshell, n. "ishri p. "ishr.
o.
oak, n. sindiani p. sindian; balluta p. ballut.
oar, n. mi"daf p. ma"adif.
oasis, n. waha p. wahat.
oath, n. yemin p. aiyemin ; hulfan ; to take an oath,
V. n. bihluf, halaft, hluf ; to administer an oath to, v. a.
bhallif, halleft, halHf.
oats, n. shuf^n.
obedience, n. ta'a.
obedient, a. tai'y^ p. tai'yin.
obey, V. a. and n. bti'a, te'at, ti*a.
14
2IO ARABIC MANUAL.
object^ n. "asd; gharad; ghaiyi; {anything seen) shey
(shi); V. n. [to) be'itirid, 'itaradt, e'itirid ('ala).
objectiony n. 'itirad; there is no — , ma fi men'i (man'i).
obligation, n. memnuniyi ; to be under an — to, v. bkun,
kint memnun-uh (luh) or taht memnuniyit-uh.
oblige, V. a. (to) bijbur, jebert, jbur ('ala); [put anyone
under an obligation) bij'al, ja'alt, ja'al-uh memnun;
bsaiyir, saiyert-uh memnun; obliged [grateful) a. mem-
nun; mutshekkir.
oblong, a. mustatil.
obscene, a. sefih; ri'zil (razil) p. arzal; obscene language,
kelem sefih (ri'zil).
observation, n. mulahaza.
observe, v. a blahaz, lahazt, lahaz; [keep) behfaz, hafazt,
hfaz.
obstacle, n. men'i (man'i) p. mwen'i.
obstinate, a. 'anid ; ras-uh yebis.
obstruct, V. a. bimn'a, men'at, mn'a p.p. memnu'a.
obtain, v. a. bhassil, hassalt, hassil; v. bihsul, hasalt
('ala).
obtainable, a. mowjud.
obviate (a difficulty), v. a. bzil, zilt, zil al-men'i.
obvious, a. wadih.
occasion, n. fursa; to avail oneself of, v. n. bintihiz, in-
tahazt, intfhiz al-fursa.
occasionally , ad. ahiyenen.
Occident, n. al-gharb.
occupayit, n. sekin p. sukken.
occupation, n. shighl (shughl), {niilit.) ihtilel; ar^ny of — ,
jeysh al-ihtilel.
occupy, V. a. bshaghhhil, shaghghalt, shaglighil; to be
occupied [with), v. n. bishtighil, shtaghalt, shtighil (fi);
VOCABULARY. 211
to occupy oneself {with) v. n. bitsella, tselleyt, tsella
(f i) ; [milit.) V. a. {a place) bhill, hallait, hill (f i).
occur, V. n. (3rd per.) bisir (f. bitsir), sar (f. saret) ; biyi"a
(f. biti'*a), wa"a (f. wa"at) ; it occurs to my mind,
biyiji, ija (biyukhtur, khatir) fi bel-i.
occurrence, n. hadisi p. hawadis.
ocean the, n. al-muhit.
o'clock {what o'clock is it?), *'add esh as-s6'a; shu as-s^'a
(vide grammar, time).
October, teshrin al-owwel.
odd, a. gharib; *ajib; (not even) ferd.
odour, n. riha p. rweyih.
off (far), a. be'id.
offence, n. (insult) iheni; (crime) zenb; (anger) ghaiz.
offeyid, V. a. bghiz, ghizt (ghuzt), ghiz.
offensive, a. (obnoxious) muhin (mhin); (foul) kerih; (dis-
pleasing) mukeddir; offensive and defensive alliance,
ma'ahedit hujum u dife'a.
offer, n. talab p. matalib; v. a. {to) b'urud, 'aradt,
•urud (*ala).
off-hand, a. toshi.
office, n. (post), wazifi p. wazaiyif; ma'muriyi; (com?ner-
cial) mekteb p. mketib; (room) de'iri p. dwe'ir; ma-
hall; government offices, dwe'ir al-hukumi; mahall ash-
shughl.
officer, n. zabit p. zubbat.
official, n. ma'mur p. ma'murin; a. resmi; officially, ad.
resmiyen.
often, ad. ktir; marrat ktiri.
oil, n. (olive) zeyt; (linseed) zeyt har; (castor) zeyt
kharw'a; v. a. bzeyyit, zeyyett, zeyyit p.p. mzeyyet.
oil cloth, n. mshemm'a.
212 ARABIC MANUAL.
oil colour, n. lown zeyti.
ointment J n. duhun.
oke, n. 6"a p. o"at [4.00 drams),
old, a. "adim p. "udm; 'ati" p. 'uta; [in age) ikhtiySr;
ta'in fis-sinn; old age, n. sheykhukha; old fashion,
moda "adimi; old maid, bint; old wo7nan, 'ajuz p.
'ajeyiz.
oleander, n. difli.
olive, n. zeytuni p. zeytun ; [tree) zeytuni.
omelette, n. 'aijji.
omen, n. [good) 'alemi taiyibi; {bad) fel redi.
omission, n. ihmel; sehu.
omit, V. a. bfut, fitt, fut ; bitruk, tarakt, truk p.p. matruk.
on, pr. 'ala; on account of, bi sebeb; minshen; 'alashen,
on all fours, 'al al-arb'a ; on the other hayid, min jeha
teni; on no account, abaden.
once, n. marra; at once, ad. halan ; "aw^m; once for all,
bes marra; oyice more, marra teni; once upon a time,
fi zemen al-"adim.
oneself, pro. zet-uh ; nefs-uh [with pro. suff.).
onion, n. basli p. basl ; (spring) basl akhdar.
07ily, ad. fa"at; bes; a. wehid-uh {with pro. stiff.),
onyx, n. jaz'a.
open, a. maftuh; iji the open air, fil-fela; v. a. biftah,
fataht, ftah p.p. maftuh.
opening, n. ti"ib (tu"ub); shi" ".
openly, ad. jehran (jiharan).
operation, n. 'ameliyi.
opi?tion, n. rai p. raiyat.
opium, n. afiyun; opium smoker, sherib afiyun.
opponent, n. khusm p. akhsSm.
opportuyiity , n. fursa.
VOCABULARY. 2 1 3
Oppose, V. a. bdadd, daddedt, dadd.
opposite, pr. "ibel; a. m"^bil.
opposition, n. m "awe mi.
oppress, V. a. bizlum, zalamt, zlum p.p. mazlum; v.
bibghi, baghait, ibghi ('ala).
oppression, n. zulum ; bagha.
oppressor, n. zaiim p. zuUem; baghi p. bugha.
or, con. ow; am.
orange, n. (sweet) burd"ani p. burd"an (bird"an); (tree)
burd"ani; (blood) mawaradi; (seville) sfeyr (sfayr);
laimun bisfayr (abu sfayr); {bitter) narenji p. narenj;
(mandarin) yusuf Effendi.
orator, n. khatib p. khutaba.
orchard, n. bistan p. besatin (bsetin).
order, n. amr p. awemir ; {arrange^nent) tertib ; nazam ;
(decoration) nishen (nishan) p. nieshin; {commercial)
talebiyi; talab; in good order, a. mazbut; v. a. (com-
rnand) bi'mur, amert, emir (umur); (goods) bitlub,
talabt, tlub; (anything to be 7nade), v. bwassi, wassait,
wassi ('ala).
ordinary, a. 'itiyadi ('atiyedi); 'aadi.
ordinarily, ad. 'adeten.
organ, n. urghun.
Orient, n. al-mishri'*; ash-shar'*.
oriental, a. shar"i.
origin, n. mebda; asl.
original, a. asli.
ornament, n. zini.
orphan, n. yetim p. ait^m.
orphanage, n. d^r al-ait^m.
orthography, n. hija.
ostensible, a. zahir; wadih.
214 ARABIC MANUAL.
ostrich, n. na'ami.
other y a. and ad. ghair; otherwise, ad. wa ilia; the other
day, ems; hidik al-yom.
Ottoman, a. 'osmeni ('osmani); Ottoman empire, al-mem-
lek^t al-*osmaniyi.
ought, a. lezim; / ought to do [ought not) lezim (mush
or mau lezim) 'amil; / ought fiot to have doyie it, ma
ken l^zim 'amil-uh.
our, pro. stiff, na.
ourselves, pro. zet-na.
out, ad. berra; outside, kherijen; min berra; outwards,
ila berra ; out of doors, berrat al-beyt ; otit of place,
fi ghair mahall-uh; fi ghair wa"t-uh.
outpost, n. haris p. hurras.
outrage, n. fehshi p. fawehish; [indignity) iheni.
oval, a, baidi; bi shikl al-baida.
oven, n. tennur; (kitchen) firn.
over, pr. fow*' (fo") ; 'ala ; all over, a. kill-uh [with pro,
suff.)\ over and above, a. 'alewi ('alawi); over again,
teni marra; overhead, fow" ar-ras; [ended) v. [y^ per.)
khalas; inteha.
overcoat, n. [European) saku p. saket; bantu; {native)
kebbut p. kbebit; tif'ili.
overlook, [inspect) v. bnazir, na^ert, nazir ('ala) ; {excuse)
bghudd, ghaddait, ghudd nazr ('an).
overseer, n. nazir p. nuzzar; [on a farm) khowli
(kholi).
oversight, n. sehu.
overturn, v. a. and n. bi"Iub, "alabt, i"lub p.p. ma"lub.
overwhelm, v. a. bihdum, hadamt, hdum p.p. mahdum.
owe^ I owe {owed) you mo?iey, ill-ak (ken ill-ak) 'ind-i
mesari; you owe [owed) me money, ill-i (ken ill-i)
VOCABULARY. 21$
'ind-ak mesari ; how nuich do I owe you ? "add esh
ill-ak *ind-i.
owing, a. matlub ; owitig to, pr. bisebeb.
owl, n. bumi p. bum.
own, V. a. bimlik, melakt; [admit) v. be'itirif, 'itaraft,
e'itirif (fi); b"urr, "arrait, "urr (fi); / own a house,
ill-i beyt.
owner, n. mellek; sahib p. as-hab.
ox, n. towr (tor) p. tiran (tuwar).
oyster, n. mhara; oyster-shell, n. sadafi p. sadaf.
pace, n. sur'a; (step) feshkha.
pacify, V. a. bheddi, heddait (heddeyt), heddi p.p.
mhedda.
pack, V. a. bdubb, dabbeyt, dubb p.p. madbub; {in
bundles) bihzum, hazamt, hzum p.p. vci^zxxm. {of cards),
n. shiddi.
package, n. rizmi p. rizmet c.p. rizm.
packhorse, n. kedish p. kidsh.
packing needle, n. mselli.
packing thread, n. khitan massis.
pack-saddle, n. {camel) hedeji p. hedejet; (mtile or donkey),
]\€\ p. jlelet.
pad {padding), n. hashwi; v. a. bihshi, hashait, hshi p.p.
mihshi; b"uttin, "attant, "uttin p.p. m"uttan.
padlock, n. "ifl p. "ufiil ("ifal).*
page, n. wijh p. wujuh.
pail, n. satl p. stuli; (of a well) dalu p. idilwi.
pain, (pains) n. waj'a p. owj^'a.
2l6 ARABIC MANUAL.
painfull a. muj'i.
painty n. {oil) boya; dihan ; {water-colour) lown al-mai;
V. a. {a picture) bsowwir, sowwert, sowwir p.p. msow-
wer; {a house) bidhan, dahant, dhan p.p. madhun.
paint-brushy n. firsheyit dihan (boya).
painter, n. dahhan; [artist) msowwir.
painting y n. teswir; — in oily in water-coloury teswir
biz-zeyt, bil-mai.
pairy n. jowz (joz) p. jewez (ijwaz).
palacey n. "asr p. "usur; n. p. blat.
palatey n. sa"f al-hal".
pale, a. asfar p. sufr.
Pales tine y Falastin.
palingy n. taswini p. tasawin.
pally n. ghata an-n*ash.
palfKy [tree) sejerit belah; nakhli p. nakhl; [of the
hand) keflf p. kfuf.
Palmy ray Tidmur.
paltryy a. deni.
payiy n. [copper)y lekken p. Iken; [earthenware) m'ajen
p. ma*ajin.
paney n. [of glass)y lowh (loh) "izez ("izaz).
pannier y n. seriji p. sreyij ; zenbili (zenbeli) p. znebil.
panty V. n. (3rd per.) biyilhat, lahat.
pantaloons, n. shirwal p. sherawil.
panther, n. fahd.
pantry, n. beyt al-muni.
papery n. wara"a p. wara" (owra"); writing papery wara"
kitebi.
paradey n. [milit.) *ard al-'asker; t'alim.
parade-groundy n. sahat al-'askeriyi.
paradisey n. jinni; ferdows.
VOCABULARY. 2 1 7
paragraph, n. jumli p. jumel.
parallel, a. mawezi.
paralysed, a. mafluj.
paralysis, n. felij.
parasol, n. shemsiyi.
parcel, n. rizmi p. rizmet c. p. rizm.
parchment, n. ri" ".
pardon, n. *afu; semeh; v. be'ifi, 'afeyt, *ufi ('an); to
beg some one's pardon, bitlub, talabt, tlub al-'afu min;
/ beg your pardon, la twakhfd-ni (twakhiz-ni) ; (when
asking for something said to be repeated), n'am;
bitrajj'a-k.
pare, v. a. b"eshshir, "eshshert, "eshshir p.p. m"esh-
sher.
parent, n. w^lid; parents, weldeyn.
parliament, n. jeme'i al-'aiyen; barlamento.
parrot, n. dirra.
parsley, n. ba"dunis.
part, n. "ism p. a"sam (a"sem); jiz' p. ajeza; on the
part of ^, min "ibel ; for my part, min jiht-i; partly
ba'ad-uh haik, ba'ad-uh haik.
partial, a. mutgharrid.
particular, a. muda""i"; n. tafsil p. tafsilat; i7i parti-
cular, 'al al-khusus.
partner, n. sherik p. shureka.
partnership, n. shirki ; sheraki.
partridge, n. hajel p. hijel.
party, n. (association) hizb p. ahz^b; (assemblage) fir'*a
p. fiira"; (entertainment) sahra.
pasSt (through) v. n. bmurr, marrait, murr (fi); (by)
bimru'*, mara"t, mru" (fi or min); let pass, v. a.
bmarra", marra"t, marri" ; n. (mountain) tari" aj-jebel.
2l8 ARABIC MANUAL.
passage, n. zarub p. zwerib; (of a house) ma'addiyi;
(of troops) 'ubur.
passenger, n. rekib p. rukkeb.
passion, n. (anger) ghaiz; (love) hawaj ruling passion^
meleki.
passionate, a. hadd ; (of love) 'ash"an.
passport, n. bazaburt.
past, a. madi.
paste ^ n. nisha; — diamonds, ilmas kizzeb.
pastime, n. tesliyi.
pastry, n. m'ajjenet.
pasture, n. mer'a; (protected land) himi.
patch, n. ru"a'a p. ru'V; v. a. bra""i', ra" "a't, ra" "i'
p.p. mra"'V.
paternal, a. abevvi.
path, n. tari" p. turu"; derb p. drub.
patience, n. sabr.
patient, a. sabur; ruh-uh tawili.
patriarch, n. batrak p. batarki.
patriarchate, n. batrak-khani.
patriot, n. muhibb li watn-uh.
patriotic, a. watani.
patrol, n. dowra (dora) ; v. a. and n. bdur, durt, dur.
patron, n. hami.
patronage, n. himeyi.
patronise, v. a. bihmi, hamait, hmi.
pattern, n. mastra p. msatir (msetir).
pave, V. a. bballit, ballatt, ballit p.p. mballat.
pavement, n. blat.
pavillion, n. khaimi p. khiyem ; shedir p. shewedir.
paw, n. difr (zifr) p. adfar (azfar).
pawn, V. a. birhun, rahant, rhun p.p. merhun.
VOCABULARY. 219
pawn-broker y n. murtehin.
pay, n. (salary) ma'ash; (wages) ujra (fjra); v. a. (lo)
bidf 'a, dfa'at, df a (li) p.p. madfu'a j pay the penalty
V. n. bit*'assas, ta"assast.
payment, n. defa p. defat.
pea, n. (green) bezella; (chick) hummus.
peace, n. sulh.
peach, n. dirra"ni (dirre"a) p. dirra"in (dirre'') jjeach-tree,
dirra"ni (dirre"a).
peacock, n. taus p. tawawis; pea-hen, djejit taus.
peak (moimtain), n. ras jebel p. rus.
pear, n. injasa p. injas; pear-tree, injasa; prickly-pear,
sabr (subber).
pearl, n. lulu ; mother of pearl, 'ur" lulu.
peasant, n. fellah p. fellahin.
pebble, n. bahsa p. bahs.
peculiar, a. gharib; peculiar to, khass bi; makhsus fi.
pecuniary, a. meli.
peddler, n. dawwar; sirrah.
pedigree, n. sel61i.
peel, n. "ishr; orange peel, "ishr al-burd"an; v. a. b"esh-
hir, "eshshert, "eshshir p.p. m"eshsher.
peg, n. (tent) wated p. owtad; (hat) shenkel p. shnekil.
pelican, n. baja'a p. baj'a.
pell-mell, a. msha"lab.
pen, n. "alam p. "ilam; pen-knife, "alam Xx2&\i\ pen-case,
daweyi (dawaiyi).
penalty, n. "isas p. "isasat.
pencil, n. "alam resas.
peninsula, n. shibi jeziri.]
penitence, n. towbi (tobi).
penniless, a. tafrSn; mfflis.
2 20 ARABIC MANUAL.
pension^ n. ma'ash ta"a'ud.
pensioner J n. muta"a'id.
penury y n. fu*'r.
people, n. nes; sh'ab.
pepper y n. fulful; pepper-corn, habb fiilful; white — ,
fulful abyad; black — , fulful aswid.
peppermint, n. "urs n'an'a.
perceive, v. a. bshuf, shuft, shuf.
per cent, fil-miyi ; 5 ^/q khamsi fil-miyi.
perception, n. shu'ur.
peremptory t a. mshedded; "at'i.
perfect, a. kemil.
perfidy, n. khiyeni.
perform, v. a. btemmim, temmemt, temmim; [duty) v.
n. b"um, *'umt, *'um bi wejbet.
perfume, n. riha 'utriyi p. rweyih; v. a. b'attir, 'attert,
'attir p.p. m'attar; bhutt ila — riha.
perhaps, ad. yumkin ; belki (berki); con. rubbama.
peril, n. khatr; at your peril, 'ala mes'uliyit-ak.
period, n. middi.
periodically , ad. kill middi u middi.
perish, v. n. bihlak, hlikt; biftus, fatist.
permanent, a. de'im.
permissible, a. jeyiz; {by religion) halal.
permission, n. izn; rukhsa; with your permission (said
on rising to leave), bi izn-ak; bistarkhis; smah-li.
permit, n. rukhsa; v. bismah, semaht, smah (li).
perpendicular, a. "a'im; 'amudi.
perplex, v. a. blebbik, lebbekt, lebbik p.p. mlebbek;
bshowwish, showwesht, showwish afkar-uh.
perquisite, n. berrani.
persecute, v. a. bidtahid, idtahadt, idtahid p.p. mudtahad.
VOCABULARY. 221
persecution, n. idtihad.
perseverance, n. sebet; mdewami.
persevere, v. bdewim, dewamt, dewim ('ala); bwazib,
wazabt, wazib ('ala).
persevering, ruh-uh tawili.
Persia, beled al-'ajem; Persian, a. 'ajemi.
persist, v. bluhh, lahhait, lihh (fi).
persistance, n. ilhah.
person, n. shakhs p. ashkhas; zalemi p. zilam.
personal, a. shakhsi; personally, bizet-uh [with pro, suff.).
perspiration, n. 'ara"; in a — , a. 'ar"an.
perspire, v. n. be'ara", 'eri"t ('ara"t).
persuade, v. a. be"ann'u, "ann'at. "ann'a.
persuasion, n. i"n'a.
pestle, n. mda""a.
petition, n. 'ardhal; m'arud.
petitioner, n. mustedd'i; m"addim al-'ard.
petrified (to become), v. n. (3rd per.) biyitahejjar, tahajjar
p.p. mutahajjer.
petroleum, n. zeyt ghaz.
petticoat, n. tannura p. tenenir.
philosopher, n. felosuf.
philosophy, n. felsefi.
phlegm, n. balgham.
phosphorus, n. fosfor.
photograph, n. sura p. suar; v. a. bsowwir, sowwert,
sowwir, p.p. msowwer ; to have one's photograph taken,
bsowwir hal-i.
photographer, n. msowwir shems.
photography, n. teswir shems.
physician, n. tabib p. atibba.
pick, V. a. [flowers), bla*'it, la"att, la**it p.p. mla*'at;
222 ARABIC MANUAL.
pick Up, V. a. blimm, lammait, limm p.p. melmum;
pick out, bna""i, na" "ait, na" "i p.p. mna" "a.
pickaxe, n. menkush p. menakish.
pickle, n. [anything preserved in vinegar) mkhallel ; v. a.
bikbus, kebest, kbis mkhallel — ; we will pickle onions,
mnikbis mkhallel basl.
pick-pocket, n. harami p. haramiyi.
,picnic, n. seyran.
picture, n. resm p. rusum; sura p. suar.
piece, n. sha"fi ; "it*a; [of works) by the piece, n. ma"a-
ta'a; [of cloth) towb (tob).
pierce, v. a. {make a hole in) bit"ub, te"ebt, tu"ub p.p.
met"ub.
piety, n. ta"wa.
pig, n. khanzir p. khnezir; sucking — , khannus p.
khnenis.
pigeon, n. hamemi p. hamemet c. p. hamem.
pigeon-hole, n. beyt p. biyut.
pile, n. kumi (komi) p. kuam.
pilgrim, n. (Christian) zeyir p. zuwar; [to Jerusalem)
mu"disi p. ma"adsi; [to Mecca) hajj p. hujjej.
pilgrifnage, n. ziyara ; [to Mecca) hajj ; to fftake the pil-
grimage, bhijj, hajjait, hijj.
////, n. habbi p. hbub.
pillage, n. nehib; selb; v. a. binhab, nahabt, nhab (nhub)
p.p. menhub.
pillar, n. 'amud p. 'awemid.
pillow, n. mkhaddi.
pilot, n. "alauz; delil.
pimple, n. habbi p. hbub.
pin, n. debbus p. debebis; hair pin, debbus sh'ar.
pince-nez, n. 'awenat; kuzluk.
VOCABULARY. 223
pincers, n. kammeshi.
pinch, n. "arsa; v. a. bu"rus, "arast, "urus.
pine, n. snowbara (snobara) p. snowbar; pine-tree, snow-
bara.
pink, n. and a. "arunfli p. "ariinful.
pious, a. ta"i (ti*'i).
pipe, n. "astal p. "asatil; anbubi p. anabib; [music) z6-
mer p. izmura; mijwiz; {tobacco) shubu"; (long) ma-
sura ; {hubble-bubble) arkili ; parts of the 'arkili' : — top,
"ub'a; pan, ras; feeder, "alb ("elb); tube, narbish
(nabrish) ; mouth-piece, biz.
pirate, n. "ursan bahr.
pistol, n. tabanja p. tabanjet; ferd p. frudi.
pit, n. hafra p. hafr; jura p. juar.
pitch, n. zift; v. a. bzeffit, zeffett, zeffit p.p. mzeffet;
V. a. {throw) bishlah, shalaht, shlah; bzitt, zetteyt,
zitt; — a tent, v. a. binsub, nasabt, nsub khaimi.
pitcher, n. jarra p. jrar.
pith, n. libb; {of an argument) zebed.
pitiless, a. "asi ; bila shefa"a.
pity, n. shefa"a; v. bishfa", shfi"t, shfa" ('ala) ; it is a
pity, dey*an-uh (lit: we have lost it)-, ya khisara.
placard, n. e'alen (e'ilan) p. e'alenet.
place, n. matrah p. matarih ; mahall ; v. a. bhutt, hattait,
hutt; to take place v. n. (3rd per.) bisir, sar; biyihdus,
hadas; the affair will take place {took place), bitsir
(saret) al-hadisi; in place of, ad. bedel min ('an)j
*awad *an; out of place, mush fi mahall-uh.
plague, n. t^'un.
plain, n. s^hil p. suhul; a. wadih; jelli; (ugly) bish'i f.
bish*a; plainly, ad. sarihan.
plaintiff, n. mudd^'i (mudda'i).
224 ARABIC MANUAL.
plait, n. jdili p. jede'il; dfiri p. dfaiyir; v. a. bijdul,
jedelt, jdul p.p. mejdul.
plan, n. tedbir p. tedebir; (drawing) resm.
plane, n. [level) sat-h; {tool) minhat; fara.
plane-tree, n. dilbi p. dilb.
planet, n. nejmi p. njum.
plank, n. deff p. dfuf; lowh (loh) p. Iweh.
plant, n. nebet p. nebetet; gharsi; v. a. bughrus, gha-
rast, ghrus p.p. maghrus.
plaster, n. jefsin (jebsin); v. a. [with lime) bjeffsin, jeflf-
sant, jeffsin p.p. mjeffsan; (with clay) btaiyin, taiyent,
taiyin p.p. mtaiyen.
plate, n. sahn p. suhun; table-plate, aweni fiddiyi.
platform, n. mastabi p. masatib.
play, n. I'eb (I'ub) ; v. n. {at) bil'ab, I'ibt, I'ab (bi or f i) ;
[an instrument) v. a. bdu"", da" "ait, du"" [and with
'ala); [a part) v. a. bshakhkhis, shakhkhast, shakh-
khis.
playfellow, n. refi" p. rfe" (arfa").
playthiftg, n. I'ebi (I'ubi) p. lu'ab.
plea, n. hijji p. hujej.
pleasant, a. taiyib; mlih p. mlah; latif p. lutafa.
please, v. a. bibsut, basatt, bsut; to be pleased, [at), bin-
busit, inbasatt (min); it pleases, (pleased) w^, bi'ajib-ni,
'ajab-ni; if you please, 'amul m'aruf; dakhl-ak; do as
you please, stifil.
pleased, a. mesrur; mabsut.
pleasure, n. surur; farah.
pledge, n. rahn p. ruhuni (rhun).
plenipotentiary, n. sefir p. siifera.
plentiful, a. ktir p. ktar.
plenty, n. kitra; in plenty, bi kitra.
VOCABULARY. 22$
plot, n. rabita (rabta); [of ground) deff ard p. dfuf; v.
b'amil, 'amilt, 'amul rabita.
plough, n. mihrat; v. a. bihrut, haratt, hrut p.p. mah-
rut; biflah, felaht, flah p.p. mafluh.
ploughshare, n. sikki.
pluck, V. a. {feathers) bintuf, nataft, ntuf p.p. mentuf.
plug, n. sdedi; v. a. bsidd, seddeyt, sidd p.p. mesdud.
plum, n. khowkha (khokha) p. khowkh ; plum-tree,
khowkha.
plumage, n. rish.
plumb-li?ie, n. fedin p. fwedin.
plump, a. smin p. sman.
plunder, n. nehbi; ghanimi; v. a. binhab, nahabt, nhub
(nhab) p.p. menhub.
plural, n. jem'a.
pocket, n. (coat) seyli p. syel; [trousers) jeybi p. jyeb;
pocket-book, n. kit^b jeybi; pocket-money, n. kharjiyi;
masruf jeybi.
pod, n. "ishri p. "ishr.
poem, n. "asidi p. "asaiyid.
poet, n. she'ir p. shu'ara.
poetic, a. she'ri (shu'ri).
poetry, n. sh'er (sh'ur); nazm.
point, n. nu"ta p. nu'*at; [object) ma"sad ; {weapon) ras ; [of
view) rai ; to point out, v. a. bbeyyin, beyyent, beyyin.
pointed, a. mrowwas.
poison, n. semm p. sumum ; v. a. bsimm, sammait, simm
p.p. mesmum; bsemmim, semmemt, semmim.
poisonous, a. msimm.
Poland, Bolonia; Pole, n. Boloni.
pole, n. 'amud p. *awemid; (of a carriage) *arish; {geo-
graphical) '*utb.
«5
226 ARABIC MANUAL.
policey n. bolis; [policeman) zabtiyi.
policy, n. siyesi.
polish, n. lima'an; sa"l; v. a, blamm'i, limm'at, lamm'i
p.p. mlamm'a; bis"ul, sa"alt, s"ul p.p. mas"ul.
polite, a. latif; adib.
politeness, n. adab; lutf.
political, a. siyesiyi.
politics, n. siyesi; bolitikiya.
pollute, V. a. bnejjis, nejjest, nejjis p.p. mnejjes.
pomegranate, n. rummeni p. rummen ; — tree, rummeni.
pomp, n. hafli; fakhfakha.
pompous, a. mfakhfakh; pompous language, kelem fakh-
fakha.
pond, n. birki p. burak.
ponderous, a. ti"il p. ta"al.
pony, n. hisan zghir.
poor, a. meskin; fa"ir; poorly, a. deblen.
Pope, Baba.
poplar, n. howra (hora) p. howr.
poppy, n. khishkhashi p. khislikhash ; — seed, bezr khish-
khash.
popular, a. mahbub.
population, n. p. sukken ; aheli.
populous, a. 'amer; ktir as-sukken.
porcelain, n. sini.
porch (portico), n. rwe" p. rwe"at.
porcupine, n. "vinfudi p. "anafid.
pore {of the skin), n. mesam aj-jild p. mesamat.
pork, n. lahm al-khanzir.
port, n. mina, p. mien; bunt.
portable, a. khafif p. khifaf.
Porte (the Sublime), al-bab (beb) al-'aali.
VOCABULARY. 22/
porter, n. 'attel p. 'atteli; hammel p. hammeli.
porterage, n. 'ateli.
portion, n. "ism p. a"sam; jiz' p. ajeza.
portmanteau, n. shanta.
portrait, n. sura p. suar.
Port Said, Bort Sa'id.
Portugal, Bortughal; Portuguese, a. bortughali.
position, n. merkez p. merakiz; mahall p. mahallet.
positive, a. akid; m'ekked; positively, ad. bi te'ekid.
possess, V. a. bimlik, melakt.
possession, n. {immovable) milk (mulk) p. amlak; [mova-
ble] n. p. mowjudet.
possible, a. mumkin ; it is — , yumkin.
possibility, n. imken (imkan).
possibly, ad. belki; mumkin.
post, n. (letters) bosta ; (situatioii) wazifi ; merkez ; [tim-
ber) *amud p. 'awemid.
posthumous, b'ad al-mowt.
post-office, n. bostakhani ; post 7naster, mudir al-bosta.
postpone, V. a. b'ekhkhir, ekhkhert, ekhkhir p.p. m'ekhkher.
postscript (to a letter), n. sahh.
pot, n. "idri p. "idr; hu" p. h"a"; dweyk p. dvveykat;
(for preserving fruit etc.) martaban ; coffee-pot, dolit
"ahwi.
potash, n. "ili.
potato, n. batata.
potter, n. fakhuri.
pottery, n. fakhkhar.
pouch, n. jrab.
poultice, n. labkha; lez"a.
pound, n. [coin) lira; [weight) libra [i^o drains), v. a.
bdu"", da" "ait, du"" p.p. med"u".
228 ARABIC MANUAL.
pour [out], V. a. bsubb, sabbait, subb p.p. masbub;
(away) v. a. bkibb, kebbeyt, kibb p.p. makbub.
poverty, n. fu"r; sha"ewi.
powder, n. budra ; {anything pulverised) mezhun.
power, n. "udra ("idra); "uwi; (power of attorney) we-
keli; to do all in one's power, v. b'amil, 'amilt jehd-i;
burkud mejhud-i.
powerful, a. "owi.
powerless, a. da'if p. da'af.
Powers (the Great), ad-duwel al-'azimi.
practice, n. mumaresi; tamrin; pratika.
practise, v. bmeris, merest, meris (fi); b'amil, 'amilt
pratika (fi).
praise, n. medh ; v. a. bimdah, madaht, mdah p.p. memduh.
prank, n. sheytani.
pray {to), v. a. and n. bsalli, sallait, salli (ila).
prayer, n. sala p. salawat; prayer-book, kiteb as-sala.
preach, v. n. bu'iz, wa'azt, wa'az.
preacher, n. wa'iz; keriz.
precaution, n. ihtiyat p, ihtiyatat.
precedent, n. seb"a p. sew^bi".
precious, a. temin; precious stone, hajr kerim.
precipice, n. warta.
preface, n. ma"addemi.
prefer, v. a. bfaddil, faddalt, faddil.
pregnant, a. na"il; hibli ; [of animals) ma'asheri.
premature, "abl wa"t-uh.
premiiwi, n. baj.
preparation, n. istihdar p. istihdarat; ist'eded p. ist-
'ededet.
prepare, v. a. bhaddir, haddert, haddir p.p. mhaddar;
bwaddib, waddabt, waddib p.p. mwaddab.
VOCABULARY. 229
prescription, n. resheta p. reshetet; wasfi.
presence, n. hadra; hadur; in the presence of, fi hudur;
presence of viind, n. ta'a""ul; haviyig presence of mind,
a. muta'a""il; wa'i.
present, n. hediyi p. hedaiya; ikramiyi; (tense) al-hal; a.
hadir; v. a. (to) b"addim, "addamt, "addim (ila) ;
bihdi, hedeyt, hdi (ila) ; / presejited it to him, "ad-
damt-ill-uh yeh; hedeyt-ill-uh yeh; to present arms,
V. bekhud, akhadt, khud salam (salem); the soldiers
presented arms, al-'asker akhad salam; at present, ad.
halla"; fil-hal; for the present, lil-wa"t al-hadir; pre-
sently, ad. b'ad shwayi.
preserve, n. (jam) murabba; v. a. behfaz, hafazt, hfaz
p.p. mahfuz.
president, n. raiyis p. ruasa.
press, V. a. be'usur, 'asert, *asur p.p. m'asur; (on) v. a.
bikbus, kebest, kbis p.p. makbus.
presume (imagi?ie), v. n. bzunn, zannait; bitsowwir,
tsowwert (fi); (be presumptuous ) (3rd per.) biyidde'i.
presumption, n. zunn; takhmin; (boldness) idde'a.
presumptuous, a. mudde'i (mudda'i).
pretence, n. tazahur.
pretend, v. n. bitzahir, tzahert, tzahir.
pretender, n. mudde'i.
pretension, n. idde'a.
pretext, n. hijji p. hujej ; hili p. hiel.
pretty t a. kwaiyis; zarif p. zuraf; jemil c. ejmel.
prevent, v. a. bimn'a, men'at, mn'a p.p. memnu'a ; I pre-
vented him from going, men'at-uh yaruh.
previous, a. s^bi"; previously, sdbi"an; "ablan.
prey, n. ferisi; bird of — , k^sir p. kaw^sir; beast of — ,
wahsh dari p. wuhush dawari.
230 ARABIC MANUAL.
price, n. temen p. atmen; s'er p. as'ar.
priceless, [it is) ma biyi"a 'aleyh temen.
prick, V. a. binkez, nakezt, nkuz p.p. mankuz (binghaz,
naghazt, nghuz).
pride, n. kibriya.
priest, n. khuri p. khawarni.
prince, n. emir; princess, emira.
principal, n. (money) rismel (rismal); a. (chief) raiyis;
asl ; the principal thing, as-shey ar-raiyisi.
principality, n. imara.
principle, n. (maxim) "anon p. "awanin.
priiit, V. a. bitb'a, tab 'at, tb'a p.p. matbu'a.
printer, n. tabb'a.
printing-press, n. matb'a p. matab'i.
prison, n. habs ; sijn.
prisoner, n. mahbus p. mahbusin.
privacy, n. wehdi.
private, a. khususi.
privately, ad. sirran; 'al inferad.
privilege, n. imtiyez p. imtiyezet.
prize, n. jeyizi p. jewe'iz.
probable, a. arjah ; probably, al-arjah. *
procession, n. movvkib; (bridal) jelwi; (religious) ziyeh.
procure, v. a. bhassil, hassalt, hassil ; v. bihsul, hasalt ('ala).
produce, n. (of the earth) hasil; mahsulat; ghalli; v. a.
(cause) bsebbib, sebbebt, sebbib; bintij, natajt, intij ;
(show) bikhruj, kharajt, khruj ; (of the earth) (3rd per.)
f. bitghill, ghallet.
profession, n. (occupation) san'a p. sanaiy'a; shighl (shughl).
professor, n. ma'allim; mederris; isted.
profit, n. menf'a p. menaf'i; fe'idi p. fvve'id, to sell at
a profit, V. bbi'a, be'ut bi ribh.
VOCABULARY. 23 1
profitable, a. nef 'i ; muf id.
profound, a. ghami".
progress, n. nejeh (nejah); ta"addum.
prohibit, v. a. bimn'a, men'at, mn'a p.p. memnu'a.
prohibited (by religion), a. haram; {by law) memnu'a.
prohibition, n. men 'a.
project, n. murad; ghaiyi; "asd p. ma"asid.
prolong, V. a. btowwil, towvvalt, towwil p.p. mtowwal.
promise, n. w'ad p. mawa'id; v. a. bu'id, wa'adt, wu'id
(wu*ud) p.p. mow'ud; we promised to do it, wa'ad-na
n'amil-uh.
promote, v. a. bra" "i, ra""ait (ra""eyt), ra" "i p.p.
mra""a; to be promoted, bitra" "a, tra""ait, (tra""eyt)
promotion, n. tera""i; ter"iyi.
pronounce, v. a. bilfuz, lafazt, Ifuz p.p. melfuz.
profiu?tciation, n. lafz.
proof, n. burhan p. berahin.
proper, a. mvvefi"; mnesib.
property, n. (landed) milk (mulk) p. amlak; riz" p. arza";
(money) mal p. amwal.
prophecy, n. nebuwi.
prophet, n. nebi p. enbiya.
proposal, n. talab p. matalib.
propose (suggest), v. b'addim, "addamt, "ad dim fikr
(rai) ; (intend) v. n. bu"sud, "asadt.
proprietor, n. mellek; sahib mulk.
prose, n. nesr.
prosecute, v. bishtiki, shtakait (shtekeyt), shtiki ('ala);
bidde'i, idda'ait, idde'i ('ala).
prosecutor, n. mushtfki.
prospect, n. amel p. am^l; (view) manzar; nazara.
prostitute, n. zaniyi.
232 ARABIC MANUAL.
prostitution^ n. zina.
protect^ V. a. bihmi, hamait, hmi p.p. mehmi.
protection^ n. himeyi.
protectory n. mhami.
proud, a. mutkebbir.
prove, V. a. bsebbit, sebbett, sebbit p.p. msebbet; v.
bberhin, berhent, berhin ('ala) p.p. mberhan.
proverb, n. mesel (metel) p. emsel (emtel).
provide, v. a. b"addim, "addamt, "addim ; / provided
him with all he required, "addamt-ill-uh kill lawezim-
uh; V. a. (with provisions) bmovvwin, mowwent,
mowwin.
provided that, con. 'ala shart ann.
providence, n. 'an^yi.
provittce, n. wilaiyi p. wilaiyet.
provisions, n. muni; zakhra (zkhiri).
provoke, V. a. (vex) bghiz, ghizt (ghuzt); (excite) bhar-
rik, harrakt; v. bfowwir, fowwert damm-uh; bitahar-
rash, taharrasht (fi).
prudence, n. futni.
prudent, a. futin.
prufte, V. a. bsheffi, sheffeyt, sheffi p.p. msheffa ; (of the
vine only) bshahhil, shahhalt, shahhil; bizbur, zabert,
zbur p.p. mezbur; pruning, n. tesh-hil.
psalm, n. mezmur p. mezemir.
public, n. (the) an-nes; aj-jemhur; a. 'umumi; in public,
bil-maftuh; jiharan (jehran).
publish, V. a. binshur, neshert, nshur p.p. menshur.
pudding, n. hulu; hilwiyet (halawiyet).
ptiff out, V. a. binfukh, nefakht, nfukh p.p. menfukh.
pull, V. a. bis-hab, sahabt, is-hab; bjurr, jarrait, jurr;
(down) bihdum, hadamt, hdum; bhabbit, habbatt, habbit.
VOCABULARY. 233
pulleVy n. bakera.
pidpitj n. menber p. menebir.
pulse, n. nabd (nabt) ; to feel the — , bdiss, dassait, diss
an-nabt.
pumice-stone, n. khafifen.
pump, n. tlumba (trumbi) v. a. bshaghghil, shaghghalt,
shaghghil at-trumbi.
pump km, n. "ar'aa p. "ar'aat.
p7m, n. towriya.
punctual, a. mazbut fil-wa"t (fiz-zeman).
punctuality, n. zabt (dabt) fiz-zeman.
punctually, ad. fi wa"t-uh.
punish, V. a. b"asis, "asast, "asis p.p. m"asas; (of chil-
dren) brabbi, rabbait, rabbi p.p. mrabba.
punishmeyit, n. "isas; (children) terbiyi.
pupil, n. telmiz p. telemiz.
puppy, n. jeru p. ijriyit al-kelb.
purchase, n. mushteraj v. a. bishtri, shtrait, shtri p.p.
mushtera.
purchaser, n. mushteri p. mushtenyi; sheri.
pure, a. khalis.
purgatory, n. mat-har.
purge, n. mus-hii (mis-hil) ; sherbi; v. to take a — ,
bekhud, akhadt, khud mis-hil (sherbi).
purify, V. a. btahhir, tahhert, tahhir p.p. mtahhar.
purple, a. urjuwen.
purport, n. madmun ; fahwa.
purpose, n. '*asd ; ghaiyi; on purpose, ad. '*asdan.
purse, n. jizden p. jizdenet; msarr p. msarrat.
pursue, V. a. btarid, taradt, tSrid; bilha", lahi"t, ilha".
pursuer, n. mutarid.
pursuit, n. mt-aradi.
234 ARABIC MANUAL.
push, n. defshi; v. a. bidfush, defesht, dfush p.p. med-
fush.
put, V. a. bhutt, hattait, hutt ; — aivay, v. a. bshil,
shilt, shil; — by (money), v. a. bsammid, sammadt,
sammid; — in order, v. a. brettib, rettebt, rettib
p.p. mretteb; bsewi, saweyt, sewi p.p. msewa; — off,
V. a. b'ejjil, ejjelt, ejjil p.p. m'ejjel; — out, [fire) v. a.
bitfi, tafait (tafeyt), tf i p.p. mutfi ; — %ip (at an hotel)
V. n. binzel, nzilt, inzel ('ind or f i) ; — any one up, v. a.
bnezzil, nezzelt, nezzil.
putrefy, v. n. (31^ per.) biyirwih, arwah.
putrid, a. mirwih.
puzzle, n. irtebek; (game) hazzura (hizzera); v. a. b'ar-
bis, 'arbest, 'arbis.
Pyramid, n. haram p. ahram.
quack (doctor), n. dejjel.
quackery, n. dejl; tidjil.
quadrangle, n. mrabb'a.
quadruped, n. zawet al-arb'a; dabbi p. dawab (daweb).
quadruple, n. arb'at ad'af.
quail, n. firreyi p. firri.
qualification, n. ehliyi; sifa p. sifat.
qualified, a. musta'id.
quality, n. (persons) sifa p. sifat; (things), jins p.
ajnes.
quantity, n. kemmiyi.
quarantine, n. karantina.
VOCABULARY. 235
quarrel, n. khna"a; toshi (towshi); 'ileji; v. a. [with]
bkhani", khana"t, khani"; bkhasim, khasamt, khasim;
b'alij, 'alajt, 'alij.
quarry (stone), n. ma'Ta p. ma"ari.
quarter, n. rub'a; (of a town) hai ; hara; the Christian
(Moslem) quarter, hai an-nasara (al-musulmin).
quatrain, n. rubai'ya p. rubai'yat.
quay, n. bunt.
queen, n. ineleki p. meleket; (cards) bint.
queer, a. gharib; {in the head) m'atuh.
quell, V. a. bsekkin, sekkent, sekkin ; to be quelled, v. n.
behda, hidit, hida.
quench, v. a. (fire) bitfi, tafait (tafeyt), tfi p.p. mutfi;
to be quenched, [y^ per.) biyintifi, intafa; {thirst) birwi,
rawait, rwi 'atash.
question, n. mes'eli p. mese'il; su'el p. su'elet; [affair)
"adiyi p. "adaiya.
quibble, n. rewaghan; v. n. brugh, rught.
quick, a. 'ajul; seri'a c. asr'a.
quickly, ad. bil-'ajeli ; "awem.
quicksand, n. rami rakhu.
quicksilver, n. zaiba".
quiet, a. hedi ; be quiet, v. (2nd per. imper.) hida.
quietly, ad. 'ala mahl-uh [with pro. stiff.),
quill-pen, n. rishi p. riesh.
quilt, n. lahaf p. lihf.
quince, n. sferjcli p. sferjelet c.p. sferjil.
quinine, n. kina.
quit, V. a. bitruk, tarakt, truk.
quite, ad. bit-tem^m; bil-killiyi.
quits, a. p. muts^win; khalisin; we are quits, nahn
muts^win.
236 ARABIC MANUAL.
quiz, n. maskhara; v. bitmaskhar, tmaskhart, tmas-
khar ('ala).
quotation, n. i"tibes p. i"tibeset.
quote, V. a. bi"tibis, i"tabast, i"tibis p.p. mu"tebes.
rabbi, n. khakham ; chief — , khakham bashi.
rabbit, n. arnab p. aranib.
rabble, n. owbash (obash); owlad (uled) Baba Hasan.
rabies, n. keleb.
race, n. sbe" (seba") ; {lineage) seleli ; race horse, hisan
seba" (sbe"); race course, mermah; miden.
racing, n. as-sbe" (as-seba").
radical, a. asli.
radish, n. fijli p. fijil.
raft, n. towf p. atwaf ; [of inflated skins) kelek.
rafter, n. rumiyi p. rwemi.
rag, n. khir*'a p. khfra".
ragged, a. mun'tt; retit; he is ragged, tyeb-uh muritti
(retiti).
rail [of railway), n. khatt.
railing, n. drabzin (drabzun) p. drabzunat.
raihuay [railroad), n. sikkit al-hadid.
rain, n. shiti; matar ; v. n. (3rd per. f.) bitshetti, shettit;
bitmattir, mattarit.
rainbow, n. "ows "adah.
raise, v. a. birfa, ref'at, irfa p.p. marfu'a.
raisin, n. zbibi p. zbib.
rake, n. musht; mejrafi.
ram, n. kebsh p. akbesh (kebush).
VOCABULARY. 237
ramble, v. n. bdur, durt, dur.
ramrod, n. mdekk al-barudi.
rancid, a. miznikh.
rancour, n. hi"d.
random (at), ad. bila "asd; bila fikr.
range, n. mada ; mesefi ; at long (short) range, 'ala mada
be'id ("arib).
rank (degree), n. rutbi; dereji; {inilit.) saff p. sfuf.
ransack, v. a. bfettish, fettesht, fettish ktir; {milit.) bin-
hab, nahabt, nhab p.p. menhub.
ransom, n. fi'diyi; v. a. bifdi, fedait (fedeyt), fdi p.p.
mifdi.
rape, n. fadah (fatah).
rapid, a. seri'a.
rare, a. nedir; rarely, ad. nediren.
rascal, a. muhtel; khabis; n. ibn haram.
rash, n. (eruption) tafra; a. 'ajul.
rat, n. jirdown p. jeradin.
rate, n. (speed) sur'a; (exchange) s'er.
ratification, n. musada"a.
ratify, v. a. bsadi'*, sada"t, sadi" ('ala) p.p. musada"
'aleyh.
rattle, n. tantani ; v. a. ^«^ n. btantin, tantant, tantin ;
{childs' toy) n. khashkhashi ; death rattle, kharrara.
raven, n. ghrab p. ghurben.
ravine, n. wedi p. widian.
raw, a. (uncooked) ney; (unprepared) khami.
ray, n. sha'a.
raze, v. a. bihlu**, hala"t, hlu".
razor, n. mus (hala"a) p. mw^s.
reach, v. a. (grasp) btul, tult, tul ; (arrive) v. n. (y^ per.)
biyusal, wusil; within reach, bi"dir tal-uh (lit: I can
238 ARABIC MANUAL.
reach it); out of reach, ma bitusal id-i ill-ha (lit: my
ha?id does not arrive at it) ; the parcel reached me,
ar-rizmi wuslit-ni ; to be within reach, v. n. (31^ per.)
biyintal, intal m'a; it is out of my reach, ma biyi'n-
tal m'a-i.
read, v. a. bu"ra, "arait ("areyt), "ra.
readily, ad. 'al ar-ras wal-'ain.
reading, n. "araiyi; reading the papers, "araiyit aj-
jurnel.
ready, a. hadir; make ready, v. a. bwaddib, waddabt,
waddib p.p. mwaddab; get ready, v. n. bhaddir, had-
dert tel-i, haddir hal-ak; ready viade, a. hadir; ready
money, n. na'*diyi.
real, a. ha'T'i; real property, n. mulk (milk) p. amlak;
really, ad. fe'elen.
reap, v. a. buhsud, hasadt, hsud p.p. mahsud.
reaper, n. hassad.
rear, n. mukhir; (bring up) v. a. brabbi, rabbait, rabbi;
[of a horse) v. n. (y^ per.) biyu"af (biwa" "if), wa" "af
'ala rijleyh.
reason, n. [sense) 'a"l; (cause) sebeb p. asbeb; by reason
of bi sebeb.
reasonable, a. ma"ul; (moderate) mu'tidil.
rebel, n. 'asi p. 'usat.
rebellion, n. 'isiyan.
rebound, v. n. (3rd per.) bituj, taj ; the ball rebounds on
the ground, at-tabi bittuj 'al al-ard.
rebuild, v. a. bjeddid, jeddedt, jeddid al-bina.
rebuke, v. a. bwabbikh, wabbakht, wabbikh; n. towbikh.
recall, v. a. brejj'i, rajj'at, rejj'i; (remember) bitzekkir,
tezekkert, tezekkir.
recede, v. n. birj'a, rj'at (rj'et), rj'a (rje'a).
VOCABULARY. 239
receipty n. wasl p. wusulet.
receive^ v. n. (3rd per.) (///: it reaches 7ne) biyusal-ni,
wusil-ni ; biyurid-li, warad-li ; v. a. (money) bi"bad,
"abadt, i"bad ; {visits) bista"bil, sta"belt, sta"bil.
recent, a. jdid; hadis.
recently, ad. min middi "asiri; mu'akhiren.
reception, n. isti"bel; reception day, yowm isti"bel.
recess, n. ta"a.
recite, v. a. bu"ra, "arait, "ra; / will recite it to you,
bu**ra lak yeh.
reckless, a. taiyish; 'ajul.
reckon, v. a. bihsub, hasabt, hsub p.p. mahsub.
recognise, v. a. b'arif, 'arift, 'arif ; [admit), bsellim, sellemt,
sellim (fi).
recollect, v. biftan, ftunt, ftan (fi).
recommend, v. bwassi, wassait, wassi (f i) ; / recommended
him to you, wassait-ak fih.
recommendation, n. towsiyi ; letter of — , mektub towsiyi.
recompense, n. jeza; mkefa.
reconcile, [to) v. a. bsalih, salaht, salih m'a; to be recon-
ciled to, V. n. bitsalah, tsalaht , tsalah m'a; / recon-
ciled them to one another, salaht-hum m'a ba'ad-hum.
reconciliation, n. msalaha.
record, v. a. b"eyyid, "eyyedt, "eyyid p.p. m"eyyed.
recover, v. a. {get back) bisterj'i, sterj'at, sterj'i; bhassil,
hassalt, hassil ; (health) v. n. bsuhh, sahhait, suhh ;
bishfa, shefit.
recovery, n. shffa.
recruit, n. 'asker "ur'a.
red, a. ahmar f. hamra p. humr.
redress, n. tardiyi.
Red Sea, al-bahr al-ahmar.
240 ARABIC MANUAL.
reduce, v. a. bkhaffid, khaffadt, khaffid; bna" "is, na" "ast,
na""is; b"ellil, "allelt, "ellil.
reduction, n. takhfif.
reed, n. "asabi p. "asabat.
reef, n. sakhra p. skhur ; {of a sail) taiyi.
reel, n. kerker p. kerakir ; reel of cottoyi, bekeret khitan.
refer, [to) v. a. bhowwil, howwelt, howwil (ila); braj'i,
raj 'at, raj'i; / referred him to you, ba'att ill-ak yeh;
/ will refer to you, braj'ak.
reflect (think), v. biftikir, iftakert, iftikir (fi) ; (light) v. n.
(3rd per.), biy'ekus, 'akas; the mirror reflected the
light, al-mereyi 'akaset ad-dow.
reflection, n. fikr; (light) 'aks.
reform, n. islah p. islahat.
refresh (revive), v. a. bin'ish, na'asht, ne'ish; brattib,
rattabt, rattib; to be refreshed, bint'ish, inta'asht.
refreshing, a. mun'ish.
refuge, n. melja; to take — , v. n. biltiji, iltajeyt, il-
tiji (ila).
refugee, n. multiji.
refufid, V. a. brudd (bridd), raddait (reddeyt), rudd
(ridd).
refusal, n. rafad.
refuse, v. a. burfud, rafadt, urfud; refuse to answer,
bridd, reddeyt, ridd ('ala).
regard, n. 'itibar; v. a. (esteem) be'itibir, 'etebert, e'iti-
bir; (look at) bunzur, nazert, nzur; bshuf, shuft,
shuf.
regent, n. ne'ib (na'ib) melek.
regimeyit, n. alay p. alaiyat.
region, n. jeha p. jihet.
register, n. sijill p. sijillet; defter p. defetirj v. a. b"ey-
VOCABULARY. 24 1
yid, *'eyyedt, "eyyid p.p. m'*eyyed; bsejjil, sejjelt,
sejjil; (letters) bsowkir, sowkert, sowkir p.p. msowker.
regret, n. asaf; (penitetice) nedemi; v. bit'assaf, t'assaft
(bit'essaf, t'esseft) 'ala.
regrettable, a. mukeddir.
regular, a. muntazim; "anuni.
regularly, ad. haseb al-"an6n.
regulation, n. "anon p. "awanin.
reign, n. (government) mulk ; (period) 'ahd ; reign over,
V. a. bihkum, hakamt, hkum; v. bimluk, melekt,
mluk ('ala); {influence) v. n. (3rd per.) biyistowli,
istowla 'ala; terror reigned over the people, istowla
al-khowf 'al an-nes.
rein, n. sir'a p. sru'a.
reinforce, v. a. binjud, nejedt, njud.
reinforce7nent, n. nejdi p. nejdet.
relate, {to) v. a. behki, hakait (hakeyt) hki ila; / related
him a story, hakeyt ill-uh hikeyi.
relation {relative), n. "arabi p. "araiyib (ahl); {on the
mother's side) nesib p. ansiba.
release, n. khalas; v. a. bitlu", tala"t, tlu" ; bdeshshir,
deshshert, deshshir.
reliance, n. ittikal; istinad.
relic, n. ikhiri (dkhiri) p. zakhaiyir.
relief, n. mse*adi; is'af; bas-relief, na"sh beriz.
relieve, v. a. bis'ef, sa'aft, se'if.
religion, n. din (diyeni) p. adien.
religious, a. dini.
relish, n. t'ami; Hzzi.
reluctance, n. nufur.
rely {on), v. n. bistinid, stenedt, stinid ('ala); bittikil,
ittakelt, ittikil (ala).
16
242 ARABIC MANUAL.
remain^ v. n. bib"a, bi"it, ib"a; bwa" "if, wa" "aft,
wa""if; V. n. bduU, dalleyt, dujil.
remainder^ n. be"i (ba"iyi).
refnark, n. mulahaza.
remarkable J a. mustahi"" az-zikr.
remedy y n. 'ilaj ('ilej) p. 'ilajet; v. a. b'alij, 'alajt, 'alij.
remember y v. a. bitzekkir, tezekkert, tezekkir.
remembrancey n. tezekkur.
remindy (any one of)y v. a. bzekkir, zekkert, zekkir —
fi; bfattin, fattant, fattin — fi.
remonstrancey n. 'itirad p. 'itiradat.
remorse, n. towbikh ad-damir; nedemi.
remote, a. be'id p. ba'ad.
removaly n. na"li; (from office) 'azl.
remove, v. a. bshil, shilt, shil ; (pnt or take ojit) bdahhir,
dahhart, dahhir; {to displace and to change houses)
V. a. and n. bin"ul, na"alt, n'ul (n"il); (from office)
V. a. be'azil, *azalt, 'uzul; to be removedy bin'izil,
in'azalt.
render, [cause to be) v. a. bsaiyir, saiyert, saiyir; bij'al,
ja'alt, ja'al.
rendezvous y n. multa"a.
renewy v. a. bjeddid, jeddedt, jeddid, p.p. mjedded.
renouncey v. a. bitruk, tarakt, truk.
renoivHy n. shuhra.
renty n. kiri; ujra (ijra); {tear) shi"".
repair y [repairs) n. taslih p. taslihat ; v. a. bsallih, sallaht,
sallih p.p. msallah; bsevvi, savveyt, sewi p.p. msewa;
it must be repaired, lezim taslih-uh.
repay, v. a. be'ufi, wafeyt, ufi.
repeat, v. a. bkerrir, kerrert, kerrir p.p. mkerrer.
repeatedly, ad. tekraran.
VOCABULARY. 243
repent^ v. n. btub, tibt, tub.
repentance^ n. towbi (tobi).
repentant, a. teyib.
repetition, n. muraj'a; tekrar.
replace, v. a. bridd, reddeyt, ridd ila matrah-uh.
reply, n, jeweb p. jewebet ; v. a. [to) bjewib, jewabt, jewib.
report, n. ta"rir p. ta'Virat; [rumour) ishe'a; [firearms)
tala"; V. b'amil, 'amilt, 'amul ta"rir; v. a. bkhabbir,
khabbert, khabbir ('an) ; / will report to you about it,
bkhabbir-ak 'ann-uh.
repose, n. raha; v. n. birteh (birtah), irtaht, irteh.
represent [explain), v. a. bbeyyin, beyyent, bey y in ; [as
an agent) v. bitwekkel, twakkelt, twakkel ('an).
representations, n. p. beyyenet; m'arudat.
representative, n. mutawekkil.
repress, v. bighlub, ghalabt, ghlub ('ala).
reprieve, n. mihli.
reprimand, n. towbikh; v. a. bkeddir, keddert, keddir.
reprisals, n. akhd at-tar.
reproach, n. lowm.
reprove, v. a. bwabbikh, wabbakht, wabbikh.
reptile, n. hashra p. hashrat.
republic, n. jumhuriyi; republican, a. jumhuriyi.
repudiate, v. a. binkur, nakert, nkur.
repugnance, n. nufur; keraha.
reputation, n. sit.
request, n. iltimes; v. biltfmis, iltemest, iltfmis (min).
require, v. a. b'uz, 'izt; bihtej, ihtajt.
rescue, n. khalas; v. a. bkhallis, khallast, khallis; to the
rescue I 'ala ms^'adi.
research, n. teftish; fahs.
resemblance, n. mshebeha.
244 ARABIC MANUAL. .
resemble^ v. a. bishbih, shebeht.
reserve, n. ihtiyat; (discretion) ihtiraz; (milit.) redif; in
reserve, a. ze'id ; v. a. behfaz, hafazt, hfaz p.p. mahfuz.
reserved, a. muhtfriz; ras-uh ti"il.
reservoir, n. howz (howd).
reside {in), v. n. biskun, sekent, skun (fi); bisti"im,
sta"amt (fi).
residence, n. mesken p. msekin.
resident, n. sekin p. sukken.
resign, v. bista'fi, sta'fait, sta'fi (min).
resigjiation, n. iste'fa; {patience} sabr.
resigned, a. sabur.
resiyi, n. simgh (samgh).
resist i v. a. b"ewim, "ewamt, "ewim.
resistajice, n. m"awemi.
resolute, a. 'azum; sahib 'azm.
resolution, n. 'azm.
resolve [on), v. be'izum, *azamt, 'uzum ('ala).
resources, n. wesili p. wese'il.
respect, n. ihtiram v. a. behtirim, ihtaramt, ihtfrim.
respectable, a. muhterem ; mu'eteber.
respectftd, a. mahshum; muhtishim.
responsible, a. mes'ul.
responsibility, n. mes'uliyi.
rest, n. raha; {remainder) kemeli; b6"i (ba"iyi).
V. n. bnem (bnam), nimt, nem (nam(; {on) v. a. bis-
nud, senedt, snud ('ala); v. n. bistinid, stenedt,
stinid ('ala).
restless, a. 'adim ar-raha.
result, n. netiji p. nete'ij.
resurrection, n. "iyemi; day of — , yowm al-"iyemi.
retail, n. bey'a bil-muferra" ; to sell — , bbi'a bil-muferra".
VOCABULARY. 245
retain, v. a. bib"i, ba"eyt, ba"i ; bba" "i, ba""eyt, ba'* "i.
retreat, n. ruj'u (rej'it); v. n. birj'a, rj'at, rj'a.
retribution, n. mjeza.
return, n. ruj'u; v. n. birj'a, rj'at (rj'eyt), rj'a (rje'a);
V. a. brajj'i, rajj'at, rajj'a; bridd, reddeyt, ridd.
reveal, v. a. bikshuf, kesheft, kshuf.
revenge, n. inti"am.
revenue, n. madkhul; dukhl, (dakhl).
review (milit:), n. t'alim ; 'ard al-'asker; yu"lama; v. a.
b'urud, 'aradt, 'urud; b'amil yu"lama.
revolt, V. n. be'asa, 'asait ('asit), 'asa.
revolution, n. (turn) dowra ; [rising) towra (tora) ; hareki.
revolve, v. n. (3""^ per.) bidur, dar.
revolver, n. rivolver.
reward, n. mkefa ; {tip) hilwen ; v. a. bkefi, kefait, kefi.
rheumatism, n. waj'a al-mafasil.
rhubarb, n. rawend.
rhyme, n. "afiyi.
rib, n. dil'a p. adl'a.
ribbon, n. shrita p. shraiyit.
rice, n. riz.
richf a. ghani p. aghniya; zenghin.
riches, n. ghina; serur.
riddle, n. hazzura (hizzera).
ride, v. a. birkeb, rkibt, irkeb {and zvith 'ala).
rider, n. khaiyel p. khaiyeli ; rekib.
ridge, n. dahr aj-jebel.
ridicule, n. maskhara ; hazu ; v. (laugh at) bitmaskhar,
tmaskhart 'ala; (despise) bistehzi, stehzeyt (fi).
ridiculous, a. mudhik; ad. bila m'ana.
riding, n. rukub.
rife, n. barudi msheshkhani p. bawarid.
246 ARABIC MANUAL.
right, n. yemin ; to the right, 'al yemin; [truth] ha"";
sawab; a. musib; [in order) mazbut; you are right,
al-ha" " m'a-ak (inti musib).
rigid, a. mtwattir (mwettir).
rind, n. "ishri p. "ishr.
ring, n. har'a p. hal'at c.p. hala"; [of a chain) zaradi
p. zaradet; c.p. zarad; [signet) khatim p. khawatim
(khawetim); [engagement) khatim al-khitbi; v. a. [a bell)
bdu"", da" "ait, du"" aj-jaras.
ringlet, n. khusli p. khusl.
riot, n. fitni.
ripe, a. nadij ; mistwi.
rise, V. n. b"um, "umt, "um; bitl'a, tl'at; tl'a.
risk, n. khatr; mukhatera; v. bkhatir, khatert, khatir (fi).
rival, n. khusm p. akhsam; mnazir.
rivalry, n. mseba"a; mnazera.
river, n. nahr p. nhura (linhur).
rivet, n. kharzi p. kharzet; rabta p. rabtat; v. a. bikhruz,
kharazt, khruz p.p. makhruz.
riveting, n. tekhriz.
rivulet, n. se"i p. sawe"i.
road, n. derb p. drub; tari" p. turu"; sikki p. sikek.
roan [horse), a. mba""aj; (azra" mba""aj).
roar [of laughter), n. "ah"aha.
roast, V. a. bishwi, shaweyt, shwi p.p. mishwi.
rob, V. a. bisru", sara"t, sru"; [on the road) bshellih,
shellaht, shellih p.p. mshellah.
robber, n. harami p. haramiyi; seri" p. surra".
robbery, n. sir"a; selb.
robe, n. bedH.
robust, a. "ovvi p. "awaiya.
rock, n. sakhra p. skhur; v. a. bhizz, hazzait, hizz.
VOCABULARY. 247
rocket, n. sahm nari; sarukh.
rogue, a. khabis.
roguery y n. khubs; mekr.
roll, n. leffi; [list] "ai'mi; v. a. bliff, leffeyt, liff p.p.
melfuf; [of bread) bru"", ra" "eyt, ra""; v. n. (along)
bdahrij, dahrajt, dahrij.
roller, n. mahdeli p. mahadil.
rollingpin, n. showbek p. shwebik.
Rome, Rumi; Romaji, a. rumani; Ronian church, dX-'ktmsiX.
ar-rumaniyi.
roof, n. sath p. stub.
room, n. uda p. uwad; [space) matrah; fus-ha.
root, n. shirsh p. shurush ; {of a matter) asl; {up) v. a.
bi'Ta, "al'at, i"l'a.
rope, n. habl p. hibal (hibel).
rosary, n. mesbaha p. mesebih.
rose, n. wardi p. wardet c.p. ward ; rose-colour, a. wardi ;
rose-water, ma' ward ; ma'zahr ; attar of roses, 'utr
al-ward.
rot, V. n. (3rd per.) [of wood) bisowwis, sowwas, p.p.
msowwis; [vegetables) biyihtiri, ihtara p.p. mihtfri; mihri.
rotation [in), ad. bin-nowbi (nobi); bid-dowr (dor).
rough, a. ghaliz p. ghulaza ; khishin ; [sea) heyyij ; {road)
we'ir.
roughness, n. wa'ar; khushuni; ghalSza.
round, a. mdowwer; p. 'ala de'ir; howl (hawal); all
round, *ala de'ir ('ad-de'ir); der min dur; turn round,
V. n. bdur, durt, dur hawal.
route, n. tari" p. turu".
row, n. [line) saff p. sfuf; in rows, bis-saflf; n. [distur-
bance, khna"a; toshi (towshi) ; [noise) dajji (doji); v. a.
(a boat) b"addiC "addaft, "addif.
248 ARABIC MANUAL.
royaly a. meleki (muluki).
rttb, V. a. bimsah, masaht, msah; bifruk, ferikt, fruk;
{piU) bimhi, mahait, mhi p.p. mimhi ; [scratch) bhikk,
hakkait, hikk p.p. mahkuk.
rubbish, n. [sweepings) knesi ; zbeli ; {nonsense) dun.
ruby, n. ya"uti p. ya"ut.
rudder, n. deffat al-merkeb.
rude, a. fazz; sef ih ; bila merba.
rudijuents, n. p. usul; mabedi.
ruffian, n. ibn haram; sherrir p. ashrar.
rug, n. [carpet) sejjedi; [covering) hram p. hramet.
rugged, a. we'ir f. we'd.
ruin, n. khirbi p. khara'ib; v. a. bikhrub, kharabt, khrub ;
b'attil, 'attalt, 'attil.
ruined, a. kharab (kharban).
rtde, n. "anon p. "awanin; v. a. [lities) bsattir, sattart,
sattir; [govern) bihkum, hakamt, hkum.
rider, n. [governor) hakim ; [for lines) mastra p. msatir
(msetir).
rumour, n. ishe'a.
rjin, V. n. birkud, rakadt, urkud ; {a race) bsebi", seba"t,
sebi"; [away) bihrub, harabt, hrub; [after) bilha",
lahi"t, ilha*'; {risk) bkhatir, khatert, khatir.
running, n. rakad.
rupture, n. khilef; kksumi; [hernia) fta".
rural, a. berri.
rusk, n. ghurabiyi.
Russia, Rusiya; miskob; Russian, a. miskobi.
rust, n. sidi; v. n. (3rd per.) bisaddi, sadda.
rusty, a. msaddi.
VOCABULARY. 249
sabre i n. seyf p. siyuf.
sacky n. kis p. kyes.
sacredy a. m"addas.
sacrifice^ n. {religions) "urben; [fig) dahiyi p. dahaiya;
V. a. [an animal) bidbah, dabaht, dbah; [fig.) bdahhi,
dahhait, dahhi.
sady a. mkedder.
saddle y n. serj. p. suruj ; {native) 'iddi p. 'ided; — a
horsey v. a. bshidd, sheddait, shidd 'al al-hisan.
safey a. selim; n. sandu" hadid.
safely y ad. m'as-salemi ; bil-amen.
safetVy n. salemi.
saffrouy n. z'aferan.
said (preceding)y a. mazkur.
sail, n. "al'a p. "ulu'a.
sailor, n. bahri p. bahriyi.
sainty n. *'addis p. "adisinj {before a name) mar; {Moslem)
weli.
sake (for the sake of)y pr. minshen.
saladf n. salata; salad oily zeyt as-salata.
salary y n. ma'ash; mehiyi.
saUy n. bey'a; for sale, lil-bey'a.
saliva, n. ri".
salmoTTy n. somon.
salty n. tnilh; salt-cellar y memlaha; a. melih f. melha.
saltpetrey n. milh al-barud.
salute, n. salam (sal^m); v. bsellim, sellemt, sellim 'ala;
(milit.) bekhud, akhadt, khud salem.
salvation, salami; {eternal) khalas.
250 ARABIC MANUAL.
same J a. 'ain ; nefs ; zet [with pro. suff.) ; all the samej
mitl ba'ad-uh ; sawa ; all the same to me, la far" 'ind-i ;
at the same time, fil-wa"t zet-uh; fi nefs al-wa"t.
sample, n. mastra p. msatir (msetir) ; (of grain) 'aini p.
'ainet.
sanction, n. msadi"a.
sand, n. rami; sajid-storm^ zowba'a (zoba'a).
sandal, n. n'ali p. n*al.
safidal wood, n. sandal.
sane, a. selim al-'a"l; sahib al-'a"l.
sanguinary, a. damawi.
sanguine, a. wesi".
sanitary, a. sahhi ; mwefi" lis-sihha ; — office, nezarit
as-sihha ; — cordo?i, kordon ; — doctor, tabib as-sihha.
sap, n. 'asir an-nebet.
sapling, n. nasbi p. nasb.
sapphire, n. hajr as-safir.
sarcasm, n. istfhza.
sarcophagus, n. naus p. newewis.
sash, n. zinnar p. znenir.
Satan, n. iblis (blis).
satchel, n. mahfaza p. mahafiz.
satiated, (to be) v. n. bishb'a, shb'eyt, shb'a.
satin, n. atlas.
satisfaction, n. rida.
satisfactory, a. murdi.
satisfied, a. radi.
satisfy, v. a. birdi, rdait, rdi; to be satisfied, v. n. birda,
irdit, irda (fi or bi); birtidi, irtadeyt, irtidi.
saturate, v. a. bbill, bellait (belleyt) bill p.p. meblul.
Satj4rday, nahar (yowm) as-sebt.
sauce, n. salsa j mar"a.
VOCABULARY. 25I
saucepafi, n. tanjara p. tanajir.
saucer, n. sahn zghir p. suhun.
sausage, n. ma'*ani (na"ani).
savage, a. berberi; wahshi.
save, V. a. bkhallis, khallast, khallis; (life) bnejji, nej-
jait (nejjeyt), nejji; [econoinise) bwaffir, waffert, waffir.
savijigs, n. p. towfiret; fadlat.
savoury, a. leziz.
saw, n. minshar p. meneshir.
sawdust, n. nishara.
say, V. a. bi"ul (bi"il), "ult ("ilt), "ul ("il) ; behki, hakait
(hakeyt), hki.
saying, n. mesel (metel) p. emsel (emtel).
scab, n. "ishri p. "ishr ("ishur).
scabbard, n. "irab p. "irabet.
scaffold, n. meshna"a.
scaffolding, n. sa"ali.
scald, V. a. bihru", hara"t, huru" p.p. mahru".
scale, n. mizen p. miezin (mowazin) ; {one side of the
balance) keffi; [proportion) *'iy^s; (of a fish) "ishri; to
adjust the weights, b'aiyyir, 'aiyyert, 'aiyyir al-mizen.
scalp, n. "ishrit ar-ras.
scandal, n. 'ar.
scar, n. ^ter jurh.
scarce, a. nedir; "alii al-wujud.
scarcely, ad. bil-kedd.
scarcity, n. "illit al-wujud.
scarecrow, n. fizze'a p. fizze'at; khiyel p. khiyel(^t.
scarlet, a. "irmizi.
scatter, v. a. bferri", ferra"t, ferri" p.p. mferra".
scent, n. riha p. rw^yih ; scent bottle, "anninit riha.
scheme, n. tedbir p. tedebir.
252 ARABIC MANUAL.
scholar^ n. telmiz p. telemiz.
school, n. medresi p. mederis; — felloiv, refi" fil-med-
resi; — fnaster, ma'allim medresi.
science y n. 'ilm p. 'ulum; (branch of) fenn p. finun.
scissors, n. m"ass p. m"assat.
scold, V. a. bwabbikh, wabbakht, wabbikh.
scolding, n. towbikh.
scorch, V. a. bshowwit, showwatt, showwit p.p. mshow-
wat; to be scorched, v. n. (3rd per.) bishut, shat;
scorching, n. shwit.
scorpion, n. a"rabi p. a"arib (a"erib).
scoundrel, n. sherrir p. ashrar.
scout, n. delil; [niilit.) ra'id al'asker.
scrape, v. a. bhikk, hakkait, hikk p.p. mahkuk.
scratch, v. a. bikhdush, khadasht, khdush p.p. makh-
dush ; [of a cat) (3rd per.) bikharmish, kharmash.
screayn, n. saiha (seyha) v. n. bsih, suht, sih.
screen, n. stara.
screw, n. birghi p. beraghi; v. a. bifruk, ferikt, fruk;
screw-driver, mafrak.
scrub, V. a. bimsah, masaht, msah.
scruple, n. tereddud ; ihtiraz.
scrupulous, a. mutereddid f i ; (having scruples) muhtfriz f i.
scull, n. mi"daf zghir p. ma"adif zghiri.
sculpture, n. na"sh p. n"ush.
scum, n. raghwi.
sea, n. bahr.
seal, n. khatm p. khtumi ; v. a. bikhtum, khatamt, khtum
p.p. makhtum.
sealing-wax, n. sham'a ahmar (aswid).
seam, n. derz p. druz.
search, v. bfettish, fettesht, fettish (fi); bdowwir, dow-
VOCABULARY. 253
wert, dowwir (fi); search for, bfettish, (bdowwir) *ala.
season, n. fasl p. fusul.
seasoning, n. hashwi.
seat, n. ma" 'ad p. ma"a'id.
seaweed, n. 'ishbi bahriyi.
second, n. (time) t^niyi (vide numerals),
secondhajid, a. musta'mel.
secret, n. sirr p. asrar; a. sirri.
sect, n. ta*ifi p. tawa'if; milli p. milel.
section, n. "ism p. a"sam (a"sem).
secure, a. amin p. umena; madmun.
sediment, n. rasib.
sedition, n. *isiyan.
seditious, a. 'asi.
see, V. a. bshuf, shuft, shuf; bi"sh'a, "ish'eyt, i"she'a.
seed, n. bezr p. bzurat.
seek, V. bfettish, fettesht, fettish ('ala) ; bdowwir, dowwert,
dowwir (fi).
seem, v. n. (y^ per.) bibeyyin, beyyen; biyizhar, zaher.
seize, v. a. bizbat, zabatt, izbat.
seldom, ad. nediren.
select, V. a. bna""i, na""ait, na" "i ; bukhtar, ikhtart,
ikhtar.
self, pro. zet; hal ; nefs (with pro. stiff. )\ vide grammar
p. 17 reflexive pronouns,
selfish, to be, v. (3rd per.) bihibb iet-uh.
selfishness, n. mahabbit az-zet.
sell, V. a. bbi'a, be'ut, bi'a.
seller, n. bey'i p. bey*an.
send, V. a. bib'at, ba'att, b'at.
senior, a. akhbar.
sense, n. *a*'l ; (meaniTtg) m*ana ; the senses, n. p. al-haw^ss.
254 ARABIC MANUAL.
senseless (lifeless), a. fe"id al-hiss; ad. bila hassiyi; {mea-
ningless) ad. kilmi bila m'ana.
sensible, a. *a"il.
sensitive, a. basses.
sentence, n. (phrase) jumli p. jumel; (judicial) hukm p.
ahkam.
sentinel, n. ghafer p. ghaferat.
separate, a. munfusil; separately, wahd-uh wahd-uh.
separation, n. mfara"a.
September, ailul.
sequester, v. a. bihjuz, hajazt, hjuz p.p. mahjuz.
seraglio, n. [edifice) seraiyi; {ladies of) hurmi p. harim.
sergeant, n. showush.
serious, a. {things) muhimm c. ahamm ; {persons) razin;
seriously, ad. bi jedd.
sermon, n. wa*az; kirezi.
serpentf n. haiyi p. haiyat c. p. haiyaiya.
servant, n. ijir f. ijiri ; khadim f. khadmi p. khuddem
(khiddem p. khiddemin).
serve, v. a. bikhdum (bukhdum), khadamt, khdum.
Servia, beled as-Sirb; Serviari, a. sirbi.
service, n. khidmi p. khidemet.
set, n. ta"m p. tu"um (tu"umi); v. a. bhutt, hattait,
hutt.
settle, V. a. {a question) bisruf, saraft, sruf; bsewi, saweyt,
sewi ; {price) bufsul, fasalt, fsul (fs^l) ; {conditions) bsherit,
sharatt, sherit; v. n. {of wine) (3rd per.) biyursub (bi-
yirsib), rasab.
several, a. ba*ad {with pro. suff,).
severe, a. shedid p. shidad ; sarim.
sew, V. a. bkhaiyyit, khaiyyatt, khaiyyit p.p. mkhaiyyat.
s€wer, n. balu'a; siya".
VOCABULARY. 255
sex, n. jins p. ajnes.
shabby, a. retit (retten) ; beli.
shade, n. fei; zil (zul).
shadow, n. khiyel p. khiyelet.
shaft (of a carriage), n. 'arish.
shake, V. a. bhizz, hzzzait, hizz; [of clothes) bnuffid,
naffadt, nuffid p.p. mnaffad.
shallow, a. feyish (faiyish).
shame, n. 'aib.
shameless, ad. bila haiya.
shape, n. shikl p. shikel.
share, n. sahm p. as-hem; hissa p. hisas.
shareholder, n. sahib sahm.
shark, n. kelb bahr.
sharp, a. madi; hadd.
sharpen, v. a. bsinn, sennait, sinn p.p. mesnun.
sharpener [steel), n. msenn.
shave, v. bihlu", hala"t, hlu" (hli") ila p.p. mahlu";
shave me, hli"li; / shaved him, hala"t ill-uh; clean
shaved, a. hali".
shawl, n. shel p. shelet.
she, pro. hiyi.
shear, v. a. bjizz, jezzeyt, jizz p.p. mejzuz.
shears, n. mjezz.
sheath, n. "irab p. "irabet.
sheathe, v. a. bhutt, hattait, hutt fil-"irab.
shed, n. si"ifi ; v. a. [blood) bisfuk, sefekt, sfuk; [skin)
(3rd per.) biyishlah, shalah.
sheep, n. ghanam p. aghnem; sheep dog, kelb al-
ghanam.
sheet, n. sharshaf p. sharashif; [paper) tarhiyi p. tarahi.
shelf t n. reflf p. rfuf.
256 ARABIC MANUAL.
shell, n. sadafi p. sadaf; {bomb) "unbli p. "anebil ("un-
bera p. "anebir) j shell fishy n. sadaf.
shelter y n. ma'wa; to take shelter , v. n. bita'awa, ta'a-
weyt, ta'awa ila.
shepherd, n. ra'i p. rai'y^n.
shield, n. turs p. atras.
shine, v. n. (3rd per.) biyilm'a, lam'a.
ship, n. merkeb p. merakib.
shipwreck, n. inkisar merkeb.
shirt, n. "amis p. "umsan; "amis kowi.
shiver, v. n. birjif, rjift.
shoe, n. subbat p. sababit; (peasanfs) mdas p. mdaset;
(long red) zarbul p. zarabil; v. a. {horse) bbaitir,
baitart, baitir p.p. mbaitar; (bbeytir, beytart, beytir
p.p. mbeytar).
shoemaker, n. kinderji.
shoot, V. a. b"owwis, "owwast, "owwis.
shop, n. dikken p. dekekin.
shopkeeper, n. sahib dikken.
shore, n. shatt.
short, a. "asir p. "asar c. a"sar.
shorten, v. a. b"assir, "assert, "assir p.p. m'assar.
shortly, ad. bil-ikhtisar; al-hasil; (presently) b'ad "alii;
b'ad shwayi.
shortsighted, a. "asir an-nazr.
shot, n. (lead) khirdu"; (discharge) darb p. drubi ;
"owwas.
shoulder, n. kitf p. aktef.
shout, n. saiha (seyha) ; 'ayta ; v. n. bsih, suht, sih ; (to)
b*aiyit, 'aiyett, *aiyit (ila);w^ shouted to him, 'aiyet-
na-luh.
shovel, n. mejrud p. mejerid.
VOCABULARY. 257
show, n. firji; {exhibition) ma'rad ; v. a. {to) bferrji, ferr-
jait, ferrji ('ala).
shower, n. zakhkhar.
shrewd, a. shatir p. shuttar.
shrine, n. tnazar p. mazarat; ma"am p. ma"amat.
shrink, v. n. (3rd per.) bighibb, ghabb; bidubb, dabb.
shroud, n. kefen p. ekfen.
shrub, n. sejera zghiri.
shut, V. a. {close) bughlu", ghala"t, ghlu" p.p. maghlu'*;
(fasten) bsekkir, sekkert, sekkir p.p. msakker.
shutter, n. derfi p. derfet.
shy, a. khajulj v. n. {of a horse) (3rd per.) biyijfal,
jifil.
sick, to be, V. n. bistefrigh, stafraght, stefragh; to be sea
sick, V. n. bdukh, dukht.
sickle, n. menjil p. mnejil.
side, n. jeneb p. jeneb (jenib p. jewenib); right side
{of material) wijh; wrong side, "afa.
siege, n. hisar.
sieve, n. {coarse) ghirbel p. gharabil; (fine) mfnkhul p.
mnekhil.
sift, V. a. bgharbil, gharbelt, gharbil p.p. mgharbel;
binkhul, nakhalt, nkhul p.p. menkhul.
sifter, n. minkhul.
sigh, n. tenahhud; v. n. bitnahhad, tnahhadt, tnahhad.
sight, n. nazr; sight-seeing, firji; long-sighted, a. be'id
an-nazr.
sign, n. 'al6mi p. 'alemet; v. a. bimdi, madait (madeyt),
mdi p.p. mamdi.
signal, n. ishara.
signature, n. imda p. imdawet.
signet, n. khatim p. khawStim (khaw6tim).
»7
258 ARABIC MANUAL.
silence y n. sukut; v. a. bsekkit, sekkett, sekkit.
silenty to be, v. n. biskut, sakatt, skut; be silent, (irnper.)
skut f. skiti; khras; sidd timm-ak.
silk, n. harir; silk-factory, n. kirkhanit harir; m'amel harir,
silkworm, n. dudit al-"azz p. dud al-"azz.
silly, a. ahma" p. him"in (himu").
silver, n. fidda.
silversmith, n. saiyigh p. siyagh.
similar, a. mitl; shebih p. ashbah.
simple, a. basit p. busata; simply, bes; fa"at.
sin, n. khatiyi p. khataiya; zenb p. znub; v. n. bukhti,
khatait, khti.
since, pr. min ; ad. b'ad; con. b'ad ma; limma.
sincere, a. mukhlis.
sincerity, n. ikhlas.
sijiew, n. 'asab p. 'asab; (fig.) "uwi.
sing, V. a. bghanni, ghannait, ghanni; {sacred music),
brettil, rettelt, rettil.
singer, n. mughanni.
singing, n. ghina; [sacred) tertil.
single, a. ferd; [unmarried) *azeb; singly, kill wehid
wahd-uh.
singular, n. mufred; a. gharib.
sink, V. n. bighru", ghri"t, ghra"; v. a. bgharri", ghar-
ra"t, gharri".
sinless, a. beri p. ibriya.
sinner, n. mfznib; mijrim.
sir, n. sid-i (/^V. 7ny lord),
sirocco, n. shlu".
sirtip, n. sharab.
sister, n. ikht (ukht) p. khaiyet; sha"i"a; sister-in-law,
silfi.
VOCABULARY. 259
sitf V. n. bu" 'ud, "a'adt, u" 'ud.
sitting (of a court), n. jelsi.
situation, n. merkez.
size, n. "add; (bulk) hajm.
skein, n. shelli (shilli) p. shlel.
skeleton, n. heykel p. hiyekil.
skeiver, n. sikhshek p. siakhshek; sikh p. siyakh.
skilful, a. mehir.
skill, n. mahara.
skin, n. jild p. jlud; v. a. bislakh, salakht, slakh p.p.
maslukh.
skirt, n. tannura p. tenenir.
skittles, n. mahajj.
skull, n. jumjmi p. jemejim.
sky, the, n. aj-jow.
slack, a. rakhu f. rakhwi.
slacken, v. a. brakhkhi, rakhkhait, rakhkhi p.p. mirkhi.
slang, 11. kelem derij.
slap, n. latmi.
slate, n. lowh hajr; slate pencil, "alam hajr.
slaughter, n. medbaha (mezbaha); v. a. bidbah, dabaht,
dbah p.p. medbuh; slaughter house, n. meslakh.
slave, n. *abd p. *abid; female — , j^riyi p. jeweri.
slavery, n. 'ubudiyi.
sleep, n. nowm (nom) v. n. bnem (bnam), nimt, nem
(nam); asleep, pres, part, neyim.
sleepless, to be, v. n. bi"la", "ili"t; ad. bila nowm.
sleepy, a. n*as^n ; sleepifig, n. menami.
sleeve, n. kimm (kumm) p. kem^m.
slender, a. refi'a p. rfa'a c. arfa.
slice, n. sha"fi.
sling, n. mi"ra.
260 ARABIC MANUAL.
slipi V. n. bizla", zli"t, zla"; n. (of a plant) shetli ; feskha ;
(of the pen) zellit "alam.
slipper, n. shahata.
slippery, to be, v. n. (3rd per.) bizelli".
j/^'/, n. khiz"; V. a. bishrut, sharatt, shurut.
slope, n. nezli.
j/tJTi', a. buti ; /^ ^^ slow, v. n. (3rd per. f.) of a watch,
bitta'akhkhir (bitta'assir) as-s^*a; slowly, ad. 'ala mahl-uh
(with pro. stiff.) ; shwayi shwayi ; to be slow in, v. n.
bitda" "ar, tda" "art, tda" "ar fi kitebi (meshi) in writing,
walking etc.
slowness, n. mehli.
sluggard, a. belid; keslen p. kesela.
sluice, n. sukr p. skura.
slush, n. wahl.
sly, a. muhtel; hielji.
small, a. zghir p. zghar c. azghar sup. al-azghar.
smallness, n. zughr; (meanness) denewi.
smallpox, n. jidri.
smart, a. (intelligent) zi'ki; nfshit; (spruce) ghandur; n.
alem; waj'a; v. n. (3rd per.) biyuj'a, waj'a.
smash, n. dajji (doji); v. a. biksur, kesert, ksur p.p.
maksur; to be smashed, v. n. (3rd per.) biyinkisir,
inkeser.
smear (zvith), v. a. blattikh, lattakht, lattikh p.p. mlat-
takh (fi).
smell, n. riha p. rweyih; bad — , riha rediyi; good — ,
riha taiyibi ; v. a. bshimm, shemmait, shimm; v. n.
(3rd per.) ill-uh riha, ken luh riha.
smile, n. tebessum; v. n. bitbessam, tbessamt, tbessam.
S)nith, n. hadded.
smoke, n. dukhkhan; v. n. (3rd per.) of a chimney, bi-
VOCABULARY. 26 I
dakhkhin, dakhkhan; v. a. [of tobacco) bishrab, shribt,
shrab (tutun); v. n. bdakhkhin, dakhkhant, dakhkhin.
smokyfy a. mdakhkhin.
smooth, a. ne'im (na'im); milis.
smoothly, ad. bis-suhuli.
smotJier, v. a. bikhnu", khana"t, khnu" p.p. makhnu'*.
smuggle, V. a. bherrib, herrabt, herrib p.p. mherrab.
smuggling, n. tehrib.
S?nyrna, Izmir.
snail, n. bezza"a; halazun.
snake, n. haiyi p. haiyat cp. haiyaiya.
snare, n. sherek; masiyadi; fikhkh (fakhkh).
sneeze, v. n. bu'atus, 'atast, 'utus.
snipe, n. shikbi p. shikkub.
snore, v. n. bishkhur, shakhart, shkhur.
snow, n. telj ; v. n. (3rd per. f.) bititlij, talijit.
snowdrift, n. kumi telj.
snuff, n. 'atus; snuff-box, 'elbit 'atus; to take snuff, w.z.
bshimm, shemmait, shimm 'atus.
so, ad. haik (heyk); is it not so? mush haik (mauheyk);
so and so [of persons) a. fulan f. fulani ; [of things),
ad. keia wa keza; so that, con. hatta (ta).
soak, V. a. bin'*a', na"a't, n"a'.
soap, n. sabun.
sober, a. sahi.
sociable, a. an is.
society, n. jem'iyi.
sock, n. kelsi p. kelset; jrabi p. jrab^t; pair of socks,
jowz kelset.
socket, n. tejwif.
soda, n. "ili.
sofa, n. diw^n.
262 ARABIC MANUAL.
soft, a. rikhis; ne'im (na'im); leyyin.
soften, V. a. [by water) btarri, tarrait, tarri; {by fire)
bleyyin, leyyent, leyyin.
softly, ad. bi hudu.
soil, n. tirab; v. a. bwassikh, wassakht, wassikh p.p.
mwassakh; to be soiled, v. n. bitwassakh, twassakht.
solace, n. tesliyi.
solder, n. Iham; v. a. bilhum, lahamt, Ihum p.p.
melhum.
soldier, n. *askeri p. 'asker; [private) nefer p. anfar.
sole, a. wahid; n. [of the foot) asfal (sifl) al-"adam; [of
a boot) n'ali; n'alit as-sirmeyi p. n'al; solely, ad.
fa"at; bes.
solemn, a. ihtifeli.
solicit, V. biltimis, iltemest, iltimis (min).
solid, a. metin.
solitude, n. wehdi.
solution, n. hall.
solve, V. a. bhill, hallait, hill p.p. mahlul.
solvejit, a. sagh; "edir 'al al-wafa.
some, a. ba'ad; somebody, wehid; sometimes, ahiyenen;
somewhere, f i meken ; f i mat rah ; somehow, kif ma ken ;
something, shi.
son, n. ibn p. benin (benun) ; so7i-in-law, suhr p. as-
har; ojily son, ibn wahid.
song, n. ghinniyi; {sacred) tertil.
soon, ad. b'ad "alii; sooner or later, b'ad ktir ow "alii;
too soon, bekkir; as soon as, metama.
soot, n. shahhar.
soothe, V. a. blatif, lataft, latif ; [of pain) bsekkin, sek-
kent, sekkin.
sordid, a. tamma'a.
VOCABULARY. 263
sore, n. jurh p. juruh; sore back, {of a horse), dahr-uh
m'a"ur; to be sore, v. n. (3rci per.) biyuj'a, waj'a.
sorrow, n. hizn; in sorrow, haznan.
sorry, a. z*alen; to be sorry, v. n. bit'essaf, t*esseft,
(bit'assaf, t'assaft) p.p. mut*essif ; ana z'alen, kint z'alen.
sort, n. sinf p. asnaf ; now' (no') p. anw'a ; v. a. (arrafige)
brettib, rettebt, rettib p.p. mretteb.
soul, n. nefs ; ruh.
sound, n. sowt; hiss; a. (healthy) sagh.
soup, n. showrba (shorba).
sour, a. hamud f. hamda.
source, n. {water) neb'a p. nbu'a; {origi?i) masdar.
south, n. "ubli ("ibli) ; southern, a. jenubi.
souvenir, n. tezkar.
sovereign, n. melik p. muluk; {Turkey) sultan.
sow, V. a. bizr'a, zar'at, zr'a p.p. mazru'a.
space, n. fus-ha.
spacious, a. fasih; wes'i.
spade, n. merr p. murur; rafsh p. rufush; {of cards)
bestuni.
Spain, Isbania; Spanish, a. isbaniyuli.
spatt, n. shibr p. ashbar.
spare, v. (do without) bistaghni, staghnait, staghni ('an);
a. ze'id (za'id); spare copy, niskha ze'idi.
spark, n. sharara p. sharar.
sparkle, v. n. (3rd per.) biyilm'a, lam'a.
sparrow, n. *asfur p. 'asafir.
speak, V. n. behki, hakait (hakeyt), hki; bitkellam, tkel-
lamt, tkellam.
spear, n. rimih p. rmSh.
special, a, khususi,
species, n. now' (no') p. anw'a.
264 ARABIC MANUAL.
Specimen^ n. mastra p. msatir (msetir).
speck y n. latkha.
spectacle^ n. firji; manzar; mash-had.
spectacles y n. kuzluk; n. p. 'awenat.
spectator J n. mutferrij.
speech, n. khitab.
speed, n. sur'a; 'ajeli; speedily, bi sur'a; seri'an.
spell, V. a. bitahejja, tahejjait, tahejja.
spelling, n. hija.
spend, V. a. bisruf, saraft, sruf p.p. masruf; to be spent,
(3rd per.) biyinsarif, iiisaraf.
spice, n. bahar p. baharat; tib p. atyab.
spider, n. 'ankebut p. 'anekib.
spill, V. a. bkibb, kebbeyt, kibb p.p. makbub.
spin, V. a. bighzul, ghazelt, ghzul (ghzil) p.p. maghzul.
spinach, n. sbenikh.
spindle, n. maghzil.
spinning-wheel, n. dulab (duleb) al-ghazl.
spirit, n. ruh p. arwah; out of spirits, ma luh keyf.
spit, n. (for roasting) shish p. shiyesh; sikh p. siyakh;
V. n. bibzu", baza"t, bzu".
spite, n. hi"d; iyi spite of, ghasb *an ; raghman 'an.
spittle, n. bze'*.
splendid, n. fekhir.
splint, n. jbar p. jbarat; to put in splints, v. a. bjebbir,
jebbert, jebbir p.p. mjebber.
split, n. shi""; V. a. bshi"", sha" "ait (sha""eyt), shi""
p.p. mesh"u'*.
spoil, V. a. binz'a, nez'at, nz'a; b'attil, 'attalt, 'attil;
V. n. (3rd per.) biyintiz'i, intez*a; spoilt, a. manzu*a.
spoke, n. {of a wheel) *arda p. *awarid.
sponge, n. sfinji p. sfinj.
VOCABULARY. 265
spooHy n. mara'*a p. ma'ali".
sport, n. (/ww) I'eb (I'ub); [shooting) said.
sportsman, n. saiyyed (saiyyad).
spot, n. mowd*a p. mwad'i.
spout, n. [of a jug) zellumi ; [of a fountain) sab'a p.
ash 'a [lit. a lion).
sprain, n. radda; sud'a; v. a. brudd, raddait, p.p. mar-
dud; bisd'a, sad'at p.p. masdu'a.
spread, v. a. bmidd, meddait, midd p.p. memdud ; [out)
binshur, neshert, nshur; bifrush, farasht, frush p.p.
mafrush.
sprijig, n. [season) ar-rabi'a; [water) 'ain p. 'uyun.
sprinkle, v. a. brushsh, reshshait, rushsh p.p. marshush.
sprout, n. nebti; firkh; v. n. (3rd per.) bferrikh, ferrakh;
biyinbut, nabat.
spur, n. mihmez p. mahamiz.
spurious, a. mzowwer.,
spy, n. jesus p. jewesis.
squadron, n. 'amara.
squatider, v. a. bbeddir, beddert, beddir.
square, a. mrabb'a; n. [open place) saha; the municipal
square, sahat al-belediyi.
squeeze, v. a. be'usur, *asert, *asur p.p. m'asur.
squib, n. fitteshi.
squinteyed, a. ahwel.
squirrel, n. "ar'adun p. "ara"din; sinjebi p. sinjeb^t.
stab, n. t'ani p. t'an^t.
stability, n. sebet.
stable, n. yakhur p. yakhurat; istabl p. istablet.
stack, n. kdis p. kids^n; v. a. bkeddis, keddest, keddis
p.p. mkeddes.
stag, n. aiyyel p. aiy^*il.
266 ARABIC MANUAL.
Stage, n. {theatre) mersah; (Journey) mhatta.
stagnant, a. rakid (ra"id).
stain, n. latkha; v. a. blattikh, lattakht, lattikh p.p.
mlattakh.
staircase, n. derej p. diraj ; spiral — , lulab p. Iwelib.
stake, n. wated p. owtad; {at play) rahn p. ruhun.
stale, a. beyitj yebis; stale bread, khibz yebis; v. n.
(3rd per.) {of a horse) bibowwil, bowwal.
stalk, n. se" (sa*') p. si"an.
stall (for cattle), n. ma'alaf.
stallion, n. fahl p. fuhul.
stammer, v. n. btemtim, temtemt, temtim.
stamp, n. damgha; {postage) bul; wara"it bul p. wara"
bul; V. a. bidmagh, damaght, dmagh p.p. madmugh.
stand, V. n. bu"af, u"ift, u"af; stand tip, b"um, '*umt
("imt) "urn.
standard, n. {flag) baira" (beyra*').
star, n. nejmi p. njum; shooting star, nezi".
starch, n. nisha; v. a. bneshshi, neshshait, neshshi p.p.
mneshsha.
start, V. n. bibtidi, btedeyt, btfdi.
starve, v. n. bmut, mutt min aj-ju'a; v. a. bmowwit,
mow watt, mowwit min aj-ju'a.
state {condition), n. hal; the state of affairs; al-ahwal;
{pomp) ihtifel.
statement, n. khaber p. akhber.
station, n. mhatta.
stationary, a. wa"if.
stationery, n. p. lawezim al-kitebi.
statistics, n. p. 'idadiyet; ta"wim.
statue, n. timsel p. temesil.
stature, n. "ami.
VOCABULARY. 267
Stay, V. n. bib"a, bi"it, ib"a; bu"'ud, "a'adt, u'*'ud;
let stay, v. a. bba" "i, ba" "eyt, ba""i; v. n. bdull,
dalleyt, dull.
steady, a. rasikh ; sebit.
steal, V. a. bisru'*, sara"t, sru" p.p. masru".
steam, n. bukhar.
steamer, n. wabur p. waburat; (babor p. baborat).
steel, n. buled; [for striking fire) "addaha.
steep, a. {downhill) msallat; {uphill) we"fi.
steer, v. a. bdowwir, dowwert, dowwir.
stench, n. riha keriha.
step, n. khatwi; (of stairs) dereji p. derajet; steps, n.
sillum; derej.
stern, n. (of a ship) mukhir al-merkeb; a. sarim; "asi.
stew, n. yakhni.
steward, n. wekil kharj ; krarji.
stick, n. 'asa p. 'usi; (small) "adib p. "udben; v. a.
blazzi", lazza"t, lazzi" p.p. mlazza" ; v. n. (y^ per.)
biyilza" lizi".
sticky, a. dibi"; mdebbi".
stiff, a. (solid) jemid; {hard) silib; "asi.
stifie, V. a. bikhnu", khana"t, khnu" p.p. makhnu".
stifling, a. ti"il.
still, a. hedi; ad. kamen; b'ad; m'a zelik.
stillness, n. sukun; hudu.
sting, n. les'aa; 'a"sa; v. n. (y^ per.) biyils'a, les'a;
biy'a"as, *a*'as ; (of a wasp) biyu*'rus, "aras.
stingy, a. bakhil p. bukhal.
stink, n. natni; v. n. (3'-d per.) biyintin, natan.
stipulate, v. n. bishturit, shtaratt, shturit.
stir, V. a. bharrik, harrakt, harrik; v. n. bitaharrak,
taharrakt, taharrak.
268 ARABIC MANUAL.
stirrupy n. rikebi p. rikebet.
stocky n. (flower) mentura p. mentur; [of a gun) "anda"
al-barudi.
stockitig, n. kelsi p. kelset; jrabi p. jrabet.
stoker, n. wa'* "ad.
stomachy n. me'di.
stone, n. hajr p. hijar; (of fruit) bezri p. bezr; stone
cement, hajriyi; [for floors) 'adasi; {^for roof s) zxQy'^di.
stony, a. mehjir.
stool, n. skemli.
stoop, V. n. bnikhkh, nakhkhait, nikhkh.
stop, V. n. bib"a, bi"it, ib"a; v. a. and n. bwa" "if,
wa""aft, wa""if; [prevent) bimn'a, men'at, mn'a; stop
up, V. a. bsidd, seddeyt, sidd p.p. mesdud.
store, n. [provision) muni; [quantity) kemmiyi; store
house, hasil ; makhzen ; [for grain) beyiki p. beweyik ;
store room, beyt al-muni.
stork, n. lu"lu" p. la"ali".
storm, n. 'asifi p. 'awasif ; zowba'a (zoba'a) ; [at sea) now.
^story, n. [of a house) taba"a; upper — , fu"ani; 'ulwi;
lower — , tahteni ; ardiyi ; [tale) hikeyi ; teller of stories,
hakawati.
stout, a. jesim; smin p. sman.
stove, n. uja" p..uja"at.
straight, a. dughri; in a straight line, rasan; 'ala khatt
musta"im.
straightforward, a. musta"im.
strain, v. a. (clarify) bsaffi, saffait, safifi p.p. msaffa.
straiyier, n. misfeyi (misfaiyi).
strange, a. gharib p. ghvireba; stranger, n. gharib p.
ghurb.
strangle, v. a. bikhnu", khana"t, khnu" p.p. makhnu".
VOCABULARY. 269
Strap, n. seyr p. siyura.
straw, n. "eshsh ; chopped straw, tibn.
strawberry, n. tut franji (frez).
stream, n. se"i p. sawe"i.
street, n. tari" p. turu" (tur"at); z"a*' p. z"a"at.
strength, n. "uwi.
strengthe?i, v. a. b"owwi, "owweyt, "owwi.
stretch, v. a. bmidd, meddait, midd p.p. memdud.
strict, a. shedid p. shidad ; sarim ; strictly, ad. bi ted"i".
strike, V. a. bidrub, darabt, drub; {tents) bi'Ta, "al'at,
i'Ta al-khaimi.
string, n. khait massis; v. a. (beads, papers etc.) bshikk,
shekkeyt, shikk p.p. meshkuk.
strip, n. sha""a p. shi"a"; v. a. {naked) b'arri, 'arrait,
'arri ; stripped, a. 'ariyen ; (rob) v. a. bshellih, shellaht,
shellih; (the leaves of trees) bjimm, jemmeyt, jimm
p.p. mejmum; bjizz, jezzeyt, jizz p.p. mejzuz.
stripe, n. "alam p. i"lam; striped, a. ma"allam.
stroll, n. kezdara; v. n. bkezdir, kezdert, kezdir.
strong, a. metin ; shedid p. shidad; "owi p. "awaiya.
strop, n. (of a razor) "aish.
struggle, n. khna"a; v. (fight with) bita'arak, ta'arakt,
m'a; (of animals) v. n. (3rd per.) bikhabbit, khabbat.
stubborn, a. 'anid.
stucco, n. jefsin (jebsin).
student, n. telmiz p. telemii.
study, n. ders; v. a. bidrus, darast, drus.
stuff, n. (material) "imesh ("imash); v. a. bihshi, hashait,
hshi p.p. mihshi.
stumble, v. n. bitd'atir, td'atirt; (of a horse) (y^ per.)
biyit'as, te'is.
stumbling block, n. hajr 'atera.
270 ARABIC MANUAL.
Stump {of a tree), n. "urmiyi p. "arami.
stupid, a. ahma" p. him"in (himu"); belid.
style, n. zey; (of writing) nefes.
subject, n. [mowdu'a; [of a state) r'aiyi p. ra'aiya;
teb'a.
subscribe, v. a. bishtfrik, shtarakt, shtirik; biktitib, ik-
tatebt, iktitib.
subscription, n. iktiteb; ishtirak.
substance, n. maddi.
substantive, n. ism p. isma (esami or asemi).
substitute, n. bedel; v. a. [for) bibdul, bedelt, bdul p.p.
mebdul (bi); — one thing for another, v. a. bistebdil,
stebdelt, stebdil.
subtract, v. a. bitrah, taraht, trah p.p. matruh.
subtraction, n. tarh.
succeed, v. n. binjah, nejaht, injah; [come after) v. a.
bekhlaf, khalaft, khluf.
success, n. tofi"; nejah.
successful, a. mwaffa".
successor, n. khalaf p. khulefa.
such as, a. mitl-uh (with pro, suff.).
snck, V. a. bmuss, massait, mussj bmu"", ma" "ait,
mu"".
sucking, n. mass.
sudden, a. baghti; faje'i; j«^</^«(y, ad. baghteten; faj'aten.
suet, n. shahm.
Suez, Sues; Suez canal, kanat as-sues.
suffer, V. a. bihtimil, ihtamelt, ihtimil.
suffering, n. alem ; 'azeb.
sufficient, a. kefi ; to be — , v. n. (3rd per.) bikeffi (biyikfi)
ken kefi.
sugar, n. sikker; loaf of — , ras sikker; Imnp — , sikker
VOCABULARY.
271
she"af; moist — , sikker ne'im (na'im); sugar cane,
"asab mass; "asab sikker.
suggest, V. b'ati, *atait ('ateyt), 'ati rai (fikr).
suggestiofij n. rai; fikr p. afkar.
suicide, n. "atl nefs; intihar; to commit — , v. bi"tul
nefs-i; bintihir, intahart.
suit, n. [of clothes) ta"m p. tu"umi; bedli p. bedlet;
V. a. (3rd per.) biwefi", wafa" [and with 'ala) ; binesib,
nasib; it suits 7ne, biwefi"-ni (binesib-ni).
suitable, a. mwefi"; mnesib.
suitor, n. talib p. tullab.
sulphur, n. kebrit.
Sultan, sultan.
sum, n. (money) meblagh p. mebeligh; (arithmetic) ^aimel
p. a'mel ('ameliyi); (smn total) al-mejmu'a.
summer, the, n. as-saif; to pass the — , v. n. bsaiyyif,
saiyyeft, saiyyif; stimmer residence, n. mahall saifiyi.
summit, n. ras aj-jebel.
summon, v. a. bistahdir, stahdart, stahdir.
summons, n. buslit (buslaiyit) ihdar; wara"it jelb.
sun, n. shems; sun rise, shuru" (tlu'a) ash-shems; sun
set, ghiyeb (ghurub) ash-shems (al-mughrib).
Sunday, nahar (yowm) al-had.
sunstroke, n. darbat shems.
sup, V. n. bit'ashsha, t'ashshait, t'ashsha.
superfluous, a. fadli ; ze'id.
superintendent, n. nazir p. nuzzar; wekil p. wukela.
supper, n. *asha.
suppose, V. n. bzunn, zannait, zunn.
suppress, v. a. (conceal) bikhfi, khafait, khfi; (restrain)
bimn*a, men'at, mn'a; (calm) bhammid, hammadt,
hammid.
2/2 ARABIC MANUAL.
sure, a. akid ; m'ekkid ; / am sure, ana mut'ekkid.
surface, n. sath; wijh p. wujuh.
surgeon, n. jerrah.
surname, n. la"ab p. ar'ab.
surplus, n. fadli ; zod.
sur price, n. dehshi ; v. a. bidhish, dahesht; [to take un-
awares) bibghat, baghatt, bghat ; to be surprised, v. n.
bit'ajjab, t'ajjebt, t'ajjeb p.p. mut*ajjib.
surrender, n. teslim; v. a. bsellim, sellemt, sellim p.p.
msellem.
sjirround, v. a. bhowwit, howwatt, howwit p.p. mhowwat.
surroundings, n. jiri; his — , jirt-uh.
suspect, V. bishtibih, ishtabaht, ishtibih (fi); bzunn, zan-
nait, zunn (fi) p.p. maznun fih.
suspicion, n. shubha.
suspicious^ a. (causing suspicion) meshbuh; [entertaining
suspicion) zannan.
swallow, n. snuni; hej^ji; v. a. bibl'a, bel'at, bl'a p.p.
meblu'a.
swamp, n. bata".
swan, n. ghurnu" p. gharani".
swear, v. n. bihluf (bihlif) halaft, hluf; bi"sim, "asamt,
i'sfm.
sweat, n. 'ara"; v. n. be'ara", 'eri"t ('ara"t).
Sweden, Esuj ; Swede, esuji.
sweep, V. a. bkennis, kennest, kennis p.p. mkennas;
b"ishsh, "ashsheyt, "ishsh.
sweet, a. hulu c. ahla f. hilwi; sweets, n. p. halawiyat.
sweetheart, n. habibi.
swell, V. n. buram, warimt.
swelling, n. waram p. owram.
swift, a. seri'a.
VOCABULARY. 273
swinif V. n. bisbah, sabaht, sbah.
swindle, n. ghish; v. a. bghish, ghashait, ghish p.p.
maghshush.
swiney n. khanzir p. khnezir.
swing, n. marjuha; 'anzu"a p. *anezi*'; v. a. bmerjih,
merjaht, merjih; v. n. bitmerjah, tmerjaht.
Switzerland, Swisera; Swiss, a. swisrani.
swollen, a. werim ; wermen.
swoon, V. n. bighma, ghmit {vide to faint),
sword, n. seyf p. siyuf; husem p. husemet.
sycaviore, n. jimmezi p. jmaiyiz.
syllable, n. ma"t'a p. ma"at'i.
symbol, n. ramz p. rumuz.
symptom, n. alemi ; {of disease) 'arad p. a'rad.
syntax; n. 'ilm an-nahu.
Syria, Suria; Syrian, a. suri.
syringe, n. {medical) hi"ni p. hu"n; garden — , trumbi;
mreshshi; v. a. {medical) bih"un, ha"ant, hu"un.
system, n. nazam p. nazamet; tari"a p. tiiru".
table, n. towli p. towlet; table-cloth, ghata towli.
tablet, n. lowh (loh) p. Iweh.
tact, n. io" ; man of tact, sahib z6".
tail, n. danab p. adneb; deyl p. dyal.
tailor, n. khaiyyat.
take, V. a. bekhud, akhadt, khud (khod) ; — away, bshil,
shilt, shil; — off, bishlah, shalaht, shlah.
tale, n. hik(5yi p. hikaiya; *'issa p. *'isas.
talent, n. m6whebi.
18
2/4 ARABIC MANUAL.
talky n. haki; v. n. behki, hakait (hakeyt), hki; bitkel-
1am, tkellamt, tkellam; talk nonsense, bihruf, haraft.
talkative^ to be, v. n. bijrush, jarasht; b'allik, 'allakt;
a talkative person, a. *allak.
tall, a. tawil p. tuwal c. atwal.
tallow, n. shahm.
tally (with), v. n. (3rd per.) bitabi", taba" (m'a or
'ala).
talon, n. difr (zifr) p. adfar (azfar).
tamarisk, n. turfaiya p. turfaiyet c. p. turfi.
tambourine, n. deff p. dfuf.
tame, a. elif; juwwi.
ta7i, V. a. bidbugh, dabaght, dbugh p.p. madbugh.
tangle, n. sherbeki; in a tangle, msherbek.
tank, n. birki p. burak; bahra; howd (hod) p. ahwad.
tanner, n. debbegh (debbagh).
tanyard, n. debbegha.
tap, n. khanafiyi.
tape, n. shrit.
taper, n. sham'a.
tapeivorm, n. dudi 'arida; dudi wahidi.
tar, n. "atran.
tarantula, n. rtaila (kirteyli) p. rtailat.
tares, n. zewen.
target, n. nishen; *alem.
tariff, n. ta'rifi.
tarnished, a. mwassakh.
task, n. shighl (shughl) p. ashghel; 'amel p. a'mel.
tassel, n. sherrabi p. sherarib; turra.
taste, n. t'ami ; v. a. bzu" (bdu"), zu"t (di"t), zu" (du");
good taste, n. z6**.
tauntt n.tai'yir v. a. b'aiyyir, 'aiyyert, 'aiyyir.
VOCABULARY. 275
tax, n. resm p. rusumet; taxes, mal miri; v. a. bekhud,
akhadt, khud (khod) resm (min).
tea, n. shay; strong — , shay ti"il; weak — , shay khafif;
tea cup, finjen p. fn^jin; tea leaves, wara*' ash-shay;
tea pot, bri'* shay.
teach, V. a. b'allim, 'allamt, 'allim.
teacher, n. ma'allim f. ma'allimi; mederris f. mederissi.
tear, n. dam'a p. dmu'a; shed tears, v. n. bdamm*i,
damm'at, damm'i.
tear [rent), n. khiz"; shi'"*; v. a. bikhzu", khaza"t,
khzu'* p.p. makzu"; bkhazzi", khazza"t, khazzi" p.p.
mkhazza"; bshi", sha""eyt, shi"" p.p. mesh"u" ;
bimzu", meza"t, mzu" p.p. memzu".
tease, v. a. biz'el, za'alt, zu'ul; b'azzib, *azzebt, 'azzib
p.p. m'azzab.
tedious, a. mut'ib; mumill.
telegram, n. tilaghraf.
telegraph, v. bdu"", da" "ait (da" "eyt) du"" (di"") ti-
laghraf; — office, beyt at-tilaghraf; — pole, 'amud
at-tilaghraf; — wire, shrit at-tilaghraf.
telegraphist, n. tilaghrafji.
telescope, n. nazzara (naddara).
tell, V. bi"ul (bi"il), "ult ("ilt), "ul ("il) ila.
temper, n. khul"; tab*a p. atb'a; bad te^nper n. hama";
khul"; good tempered, atb*a-uh leyyini ; tab'a-uh mlih ;
bad tempered, atb'a-uh shirsi ; khur'uh daiyi" ; hot
tempered, a. hami"; sahib khul".
temperature, n. mizen al-harara.
temple, n. heykel p. hiy^kil.
temporary, a. mwa""at.
tempt, V. a. bjerrib, jerrabt, jerrib.
temptation, n. tijrubi p. tejerib.
2/6 ARABIC MANUAL.
tenacious^ a. 'anid; mutmessik.
tenant i n. muste'jir.
tendency, n. meyl.
tender, [offer] n. talab p. talbet cp. matalib a. rikhis ; tari.
tent, n. khaimi p. khiyem (khiyem).
tepid, a. fetir f. fetri.
term, n. [delay] middi ; mihli; (condition) shart p. shurut;
what are your terms, esh matlub-ak ; vtake terms with,
V. a. bsherit (bsharit) sharatt, sherit (sharit).
terrace, n. sath p. stub.
terrible, a. h^yil (ha'il); mukhif.
terrified, a. khaiyif.
terrify, v. a. bfezz'a, fezz'at, fezz'a; bkhowwif, khow-
waft, khowwif.
territory, n. ard.
terror, n. fez'a; khowf.
test, n. imtihan ; v. a. bimtihin, imtahant, imtihin.
testaynent, n. wasiyi p. owsiyi; Old Testament, at-towra;
Nei.v Testament, al-injil.
testimony, n. sheh^di.
tether, n. twali; v. a. burbut, rabatt *al at-tvvali.
text, n. metn; khulasa; [of the bible] mowdu'a.
than, con. min.
thank, v. a. bishkur, shakert, shkur; thank you, kettir
khair-ak; eywah; sellim daiyat-ak [lit, may God
preserve yonr hands],
that, pro. haidak f. haidik (hidik); con. ann; iji order
that, hatta (ta).
thaiv, V. n. 3rd per. bidub, dab.
theatre, n. tiyatro.
thee, pro, suff. ak f. ik.
theft, n. sir"a.
VOCABULARY. 2//
theniy {their)y pro. stiff, hum (um).
themselveSj pro. zet-hum.
the?ty ad. b'adeyn ; sum.
thence, ad. min hownik.
theoryy n. hiliya p. hiliyat.
there, ad. hownik (howniki); thereabouts, t3i''nha.n; there-
fore, li zelik; bina'-in-'aleyh.
thermometer, n. mizen al-harara ; termometre.
they, pro. hum f. hinni; these, pro. howdi.
thick, a. smik p. smak c. asmak; t-khin c. athkan; (of
liquids) khatir c. akhtar; {tiot clear) m'akur.
thief, n. haram p. haramiyi; seri" p. surra"; luss p.
lusus.
thigh, n. fakhad p. fkhad.
thimble, n. kishtben p. keshetbin.
thin, a. [of persons) nahif p. ni'hafa ; [lean) da'if c. ad'af
p. da*af; {of paper) ra*'i"; {slender) refi'a c. arfa;
{liquids) khafif p. khifaf.
thing, n. shey (shi) p. eshiya ; things, n. p. awa'i (awe'i) ;
ighrad.
think {of), V. biftikir, iftakert, iftikir (fi); v. n. bzunn,
zannait, zunn.
thirst, n. *atash.
thirsty, a. *atshen.
this, pro. haida f. haidi; (hai).
thistle, n. hasaki p. hasak.
thither, ad. ila hownik.
thorn, n. showki (shoki) p. showk (shok).
thoroughbred, a. asil; nejib; {of a horse) kehil.
those, pro. haidolik.
thou, pro. inta f. inti.
thought, n. fikr p. afkar.
2/8 ARABIC MANUAL.
thoughtful^ n. sahib fikr; {considerate) sahib m'aruf.
thoughtless^ a. taiyish.
thrash, v. a. [grain) bidrus, darast, drus; {beat) bidrub,
darabt, drub.
thread, n. khait, khitan.
threat, n. tahdid p. tahdidat.
threaten, v. a. bitaheddad, taheddedt, tahedded.
threshingfloor, n. baider (beyder) p. biyedir.
threshold, n. 'atabi p. 'ateb.
throat, n, hal"; zerum.
throne, n. 'arsh p. 'urush ; the patriarch^ s throne, kirsi
al-batrak.
through, pr. fi; throughout, min al-owwel il al-ekhir.
throw, V. a. bishlah, shalaht, shlah; bilhush, lahasht,
Ihush; birmi, rmait (rmeyt), rmi.
thrush, n. simni p. simnet (simmun).
thumb, n. bdhim p. bwehim; my thumb, behm-i.
thunder, n. r'ad; v. n. (3rd per. f.) bitira'id, ra'adet.
thunderbolt, n. za"a.
Thursday, n. nahar (yowm) al-khamis.
tJms, ad. haik (heyk).
thy, pro. suff. ak f. ik.
thyself, pro. zet-ak f. z^t-ik.
tick, n. "radi p. "rad.
ticket, n. wara"a p. owra" (wara").
tickle, V. a. bzekzik, zekzekt, zekzik.
tide, n. medd.
tidy, a. muretteb.
tie, V. a. burbut, rabatt, urbut p.p. marbut; tie a knot,
be'"ud, Vadt, 'u"ud p.p. m'a"ud.
tier, n. taba"a.
tiger, n. nimr p. nimura.
VOCABULARY. 279
tighty a. shedid p. shidad.
tighteuy V. a. bshidd, sheddait, shidd p.p. meshdud.
tile, n. "armidi p. "armid; (glazed) "ishani.
timber y n. khasheb ; a piece of — , khashbi.
tiniey n. wa"t ; zeman ; to be in time for (catch), v. a.
bhassil, hassalt, hassil; iyi time (timely), fi wa"t-uh.
timid, a. jeben.
tin, n. tenek.
tin-opener, n. [key] mifteh; [knife) sikkin.
tinder, n. sufen.
tinker, n. sankari.
tinsel, n. shrit "assab.
tip, n. ras; taraf.
tipsy, a. sekran.
tiptoe, on, ad. 'ala ras asabi'-uh.
tire, V. a. (3rd per.) biyit'ib, ta'ab.
tired, a. t'aben.
tiresome, a. mut'ib.
tissue paper, n. wara"leff.
title, n. la'*ab p. ar'ab.
title deed, n. sakk p. skuk; wara'*it tabu p. owra".
tittle tattle, n. la"sh; 'alk.
toast, n. khibz mhammas; v. (a health) bishrab, shribt,
shrab sirr (with pro. suff.).
tobacco, n. tutun ; dukhkhan ; (for the hubble bubble)
tinbak.
to-day, ad. al-yowm (al-yom).
toe, n. isb'a rijl (ijr) p. asab'i.
together, ad. sawa; m'a ba'ad-hum.
toil, n. kedd; t*ab.
token, n. *al^mi.
toll, n. baj ; resm baj.
280 ARABIC MANUAL.
tomato, n. banadura.
tofnb, n. "abr p. "ubur.
to-morrow y ad. bukra ; ghadi ; the day after to-fuorroiUy
b'ad bukra; b'ad ghadi.
tongs, n. mer'at.
tongue, n. lisen p. lisenet.
tool, n. ali p. alet cp. awe'il; (eli p. elet).
too-little, a. "alii ktir.
too-miich, a. ktir; ad. bi ziedi.
tooth, n. (front) sinn p. snen; (back) dirs p. diras;
toothache, waj'a dirs; tooth-picky miswek; to draw
teeth, V. a. bi'Ta, "al'at, i'Ta p.p. ma"lu'a; to stop
teeth, V. a. bihshi, hashait, hshi p.p. mihshi.
top, n. ras.
topsy-turvy, ad. fu"ani tahteni.
torrent, n. seyl p. siyul.
tortoise, n. zilhfi p. zlehif.
torture, n. 'azeb; v. a. b'azzib, 'azzebt, 'azzib p.p.
m'azzab.
toss, V. a. bzitt, zetteyt, zitt; v. a. bilhush, lahasht,
Ihush.
total, n. mejmu'a; totally y ad. bil-killiyi; bij-jumli.
tottery V. n. (3rd per.) biyihtez, ihtaz.
touch, V. a. bid"ur, da"art, d"ur p.p. med"ur; bmiss,
massait, miss; bilmus, lamast, Imus.
touchstone, n. magnatis.
touchy, a. hami"; sahib khul".
tough, a. "asi; yebis.
tour, n. dowra (dura); make a tour, v. n. bdur, durt,
dur.
tourist, n. seyih (saiyih) p. suweh (suwah).
tow, n. mesha"a; v. a. bjurr, jarrait, jurr.
VOCABULARY. 28 1
towards i pr. ila; sowb.
towely n. manshfi p. mneshif.
tower t n. birj p. abraj.
towiiy n. {large) medini p. mudn; {small) beled.
townsman^ n. ahl al-beled; fellow — , ibn beled.
toy, n. I'ebi p. lu'ab.
trace, n. asar (eter) p. asar (atar); {harness) jirrara p.
jirarat.
track, n. {road) derb; {trace) asar (eter).
tract (of land), n. "it'at ard.
trade, n. tijara; metjr.
traffic, n. {movement) 'ubur; {trade) tijara.
train, n. tren; babor; {of camels) "itar p. "itarat; v. a.
btabb'i, tabb'at, tabb'i p.p. mtabb'a; {exercise) bmar-
rin, marrent, marrin p.p. mmarrin.
traitor, n. khaiyin p. khaiyinin.
transact, {business), v. a. b'amil, 'amilt, *amul ('amel)
ash-shighl.
transfer v. a. bin"ul, na*'alt, n"ul p.p. men"ul.
translate, v. a. bterjim, terjemt, terjim.
translation, n. terjemi.
translator, n. terjuman.
transparent, a. sheffaf.
transport, v. a. bin"ul, na'*alt, n'*ul p.p. men"ul; n.
(freight) nowulun.
trap, n. masiyadi.
trappings (of a horse), n. selebend.
travel, v. n. bsefir, sefert, s^fir.
traveller, n. ms^fir p. ms^firin; seyih (saiyih) p. suw^h
(suwah).
tray, n. s^niyj (sniyi) p. sw^ni.
treachery (treason), n. khiy^ni.
282 ARABIC MANUAL.
treadf n. d'asi; v. n. (to tread on), v. a. bid'as, da'ast,
da'as [and with 'ala) p.p. mad'us.
treadle f n. dosi.
treasure^ n. kenz p. kunuz.
treasurer, n. amin as-sandu".
treasury, n. khazini.
treat, v. a. b'amil, 'amilt, 'amul (*amd).
treatment, n. m'ameli.
treaty, n. ma'ahedi.
tree, n. shajara (sejara) p. ashjar.
trellis, n. sh'ariyi.
tremble, v. n. birjif, rjift, rj6f.
trench, n. khenda" p. khnedi".
/r^jj (of hair), n. jdili p. jede'il.
trial, n. mahakemi; (/^j/) imtihan; tljrubi; on trial, *ala
tijrubi.
triangle, n. mtellet.
/r/<^^, n. *'abili p. "abe'il; *ashiri p. 'ashe'ir; (of Israel),
sibt p. asbat beni Israel.
tribtmal, n. mahkemi p. mhakim; mejlis.
tribute, n. jeziyi.
trick, n. hili p. hiel ; to play a trick on — , v. b'amil,
'amilt, 'amul ('amd) hili 'ala.
trifle, n. shi zehid; it is a mere trifle, ma biyihriz.
trigger, n. zunberak.
trinket, n. hfliyi p. hila.
trip, n. khatra; sefra.
tripod, n. tlet rijleyn.
Tripoli, Trablus ash-shem; [iyi Barbary) Trablus al-
gharb.
tritanph, n. nasr; triumphal arch, "ows an-nasr.
troop, n. zumra p. zumr; troops, n. p. jnud; 'asker.
VOCABULARY. 283
troty n. rahf; v. n. (3rd per.) biyirhuf, rahaf.
trouble, n. t'ab; (grief) hizn; to take trouble, v. be'atini,
'etenet, e'atini (f i) ; to give trouble, v. a. bit'ub, ta'ebt,
tu'ub; bte"'U ta""elt, te""il ('ala).
troublesome, a. mut'ib.
trough, n. jurn p. jran.
trousers, n. bantalon.
trousseau, n. sda"; jihaz.
trowelf n. mara"a; lozi.
truce, n. hidni.
true, a. sahih; truly, ad. ha" "an.
trutnpet, n. nefir; bu" p. abwa".
trumps, n. atu.
trunk, n. (of a tree) se" (sa") p. su" (si"an) ; (^^;»r) sandu"
p. snedi".
trust, V. bittikil, ittakelt, ittikil ('ala); busi", wasa"t(fi);
b'emmin, eminent, emmin (ila); on trust, 'al am^ni.
truth, n. sid"; ha"".
try, V. a. bjerrib, jerrabt, jerrib.
tub, n. tusht p. tshut; m'ajen p. ma'ajin.
tube, n. anbubi p. anabib.
Tuesday, nahar (yowm) at-tleti.
tuft, n. (of hair) khusli p. khusl ; (plumage) "unbra.
tug, n. babor (wabor) jerrar.
tulip, n. khizemi p. khizem.
tumble, V. n. bu"'a, wa" 'at, u"'a; (slip) be'ater, 'atert,
'atar.
tumbler, n. (glass) kibb^yi.
tumour, n. waram p. owram.
tune, n. naghmi; v. a. bduzin, dozant, dozin; in tune,
a. mdozan.
tunic, n. "amis p. "umsin.
284 ARABIC MANUAL.
tunnely n. tunnell; "abu.
turban^ n. leffi p. leffet.
turf, n. n'as.
Turkey, Turkiya ; beled al-'osmalli ; Turk, Turk p. atrak ;
turkish, turki.
turkey, n. dik habesh; turkey-hen, djejit habesh p. djej
habesh.
turn, n. dowra (dura); v. n. bdur, durt, dur; v. a. bdow-
wir, dowwert, dowwir; — back, v. n. birj'a, rj'at
(rj'et), rj*a (rje'a); v. a. brajj'i, rajj'at, rajj'a; — aside,
V. n. bhid, hidt, hid; — off, v. a. bsidd, seddeyt,
sidd p.p. mesdud; — on, v. a. biftah, fataht, ftah
p.p. maftuh; — over, v. a. and n. bi"lub, "alabt,
i"lub; — out, V. a. btall'i, tall'at, tall'i; v. n. {become),
(3rd per.) bisir, sar; — round, v. n. biltifit, iltefett,
iltifit; turuing round, n. fetli ; turning dervishes, fetlit
derwish; turning point, n. madar; in turji, ad. bid-
dowr (dor); bin-nowbi (nobi).
turnip, n. lifti p. lift.
turpentine, n. zeyt tirbentina.
turquoise, n. firuz.
turtle-dove, n. tirghalli p. tirghall.
tutor, n. ma'allim.
tweezers, n. mer'at sh*ara (shoki).
twice, n. marrateyn.
twig, n. tarbun p. trabin.
twilight, n. shefa".
twift, n. sha" "it towm p. towm (torn).
twine, n. khait massis.
twist, V. a. bitni, teneyt, tni p.p. mitni; (cord) biftul,
fatalt, ftul p.p. maftul.
two-edged, bi haddeyn.
VOCABULARY. 285
tyranyiy^ n. ziilum; jowr.
tyrantf n. zalim p. zullem.
u.
uddery n. dirri.
ugliness, n. bshe'a; "ubh.
ugly, a. bish'i f. bish'a; "abih.
ulcer, n. "arha.
ultimate, a. niheyi; ekhir.
ultimatum, n. belagh resmi.
umbrella, n. shemsiyi p. shemesi.
umpire, n. hakam p. muhakkemin.
ufiatiimous, a. muttefi'*; unanimously, ad. bil-ittifa".
unarmed, p.p. ma msellah; ad. bila sleh.
unawares, ad. *ala ghafli.
unbecomirig a. (of dress) ma lebi"; (improper) ma leyi'*.
unbeliever, n. kefir p. kafara.
unbind, v. a. bhill, halleyt, hill p.p. mahlul.
unbounded, ma luh hadd.
unburied, p.p. ghair (ma) medfun ; {animals) ghair (ma)
matmum; ad-bila defn.
uncertain, a. ghair m*ekked ; p.p. ma mesbut ; (of tem-
per) a. muta"allib; / am uncertain, ana murteb.
uncivil, a. khishin; fazz.
uncivilised, a. mutawahhish.
uncle, n. (paternal) 'amm p. *am^m ('amam); (maternal)
khal p. khw^li.
unclean, a. wfsikh.
uncomfortable, a. mut'ib.
286 ARABIC MANUAL.
uncommon, a. nedir.
unconcerned, a. ghair miktiris; to be — , v. ma biktiris,
iktarast (fi).
unconditional, ad. bila shart.
tincover, v. a. bikshuf, kesheft, kshuf (kshef) p.p. makshuf.
uncultivated, (land), n. bur.
uncut, a. sahih; p.p. ma ma"sum; (of grass) p.p. ma
mahshush.
undecided, a. muteredded.
under, pr. taht.
mider ground, ad. taht al-ard.
underhand, ad. min taht li taht.
underneath, pr. taht.
under sigjied, n. al-mumdi; al-wad'i ism-uh.
understand, v. a. bifham, fahimt, fham p.p. mafhum.
tindertake^ v. b"um, "umt ("imt), "um (bi).
undertaking, n. meshru'a.
undesirable, a. ghair meshkur.
undo, (vide unbiftd, untie),
undoubtedly , ad. bidun shubhi (shekk).
undress (oneself), v. a. bishlah, shalaht, shlah at-tyeb;
bi'Ta, "al'at, i"l'a at-tyeb ; [another) v. a. bshellih,
shellaht, shellih at-tyeb; bi"airi, "all'at, "all'i at-tyeb.
uneasy, a. meshghul al-bel; fikr-uh mush (mau) murteh.
unequal, mush (mau) "add ba'ad-hum.
uneven, mush (mau) sehili.
unexampled, ma luh metil (mesil).
U7iexpected, a. ghair muntazar.
unfair a. mush (mau) 'adil.
unfavourable, a. ma'akis.
Mifinished, a. mush (mau) khalis.
unfit, a. mush (mau) leyi".
VOCABULARY. 28/
unfold (unfurl), v. a. binshur, neshert, nshur p.p. menshur.
unforseen, a. ghair muntazar.
unfortunatey a. ta'is; "alii al-bakht.
unfurnished^ p.p. ma mafrush.
u?igrateful, a. jehid (jahid) ; nekir aj-jemil.
unhappyy a. maghmum.
unharness, v. a. bshellih, shellaht, shellih; bfikk, fekkait,
fikk p.p. mafkuk.
unhealthy, a. mdurr (mdirr) bi sihha; hawa-h 'aatil.
uniform^ n. bedli resmiyi.
uniformly, ad. 'ala nesa" wehid.
unimportafit, a. ghair muhimm.
unintentionally, ad. bila "asd.
uninterrupted, a. de'im; p.p. ma min"ut*a.
uninterruptedly , (at one go), ad. ferd sahabi.
uninvited, ad. bila 'azimi.
union, n. itihad.
united, a. muttehid; United States of America, dX-^WdAyit
al-muttahidi.
universal, a. *umumi.
universe, the, n. al-kown (kon).
university, n. medresit 'umumiyi.
unjust, a. mush (mau) 'adil.
unkind, a. "asi ; mush (mau) hanuni.
unlawful, a. mush (mau) jeyiz.
unleavened, a. ftir.
unless, con. iza; ma; low la.
unlike, a. mukhtilif.
unlimited, p.p. ma mahdud.
unload, v. a. bnezzil, nezzelt, nezzil ('an) ; bhutt, hattait,
hutt ('an) ; [of ships) bferrigh, ferraght, ferrigh ('an).
unlocked, p.p. ma ma'*ful; ma mda""r.
288 ARABIC MANUAL.
unlucky i a. "alii al-hazz.
unmarried^ a. 'azeb f. 'azba ; [of priests) betul.
U7inatural, a. ghair tabi'i.
unnecessary^ a. mush (mau) lezim (daruri).
unofficial, a. ghair resmi.
unpack, V. a. bfaddi, faddait, faddi; bferrigh, ferraght,
ferrigh.
tmpaid, p.p. ma madfu'a.
unpleasant, a. mush (mau) murdi.
imprejiidiced, a. 'adil.
unprofitable, a. mush (mau) mufid (nefi).
unreasonable, a. mush (mau) m'a"ul.
unripe, a. fejj; p.p. ma mistwi.
unsafe, a. khutir; muktir.
unsatisfactory, a. mush (mau) murdi.
unseemly, a. mush (mau) leyi".
unshod, a. hafi p.p. mhaffa.
unsound, a. m'aiyub; mush (mau) sagh.
unsteady, a. ghair sebit.
unsuitable, a. mush (mau) mwefi".
untidy, a. ghair muretteb (mhendam).
untie, V. a. bfikk, fekkait, fikk p.p. mafkuk.
until, con. hatta ma; ilia.
tmtimely, ad. mush fi wa"t-uh.
untouched, a. sahih; p.p. ma memsuk; ma med"ur.
untrained, a. jeleb; p.p. ma mtabb'a.
imtried, p.p. ma mjerrab.
untrue, a. ghair sahih.
untruth, n. kizbi.
untruthful, a. kezzeb.
unusual, a. gharib.
unwell, a. mush (mau) mabsut; 'aiyyen.
VOCABULARY. 289
uyiivilling, a. mush (mau) radian (radi).
unwillingly, ad. ghasb *an-nuh.
U7izuise, a. jehil p. juhhel.
unworthy, a. mush (mau) leyi'* (ahl).
up to (fit for), kharj al-maslaha; he is not up to the
work, mush (mau) kharj al-maslaha.
uphill, ad. ila fow'*; fi tal'a.
uphold (afi opinion), v. n. bwefi", wafa"t 'ala fikr-uh.
upon, pr. 'ala.
upper, a. fu"ani ; *ulwi.
upper hand, the, n. al-ghalib.
uppermost, the, n. al-a'ala.
upright, a. we"if; dughri; j^lis.
upset, V. a. bi"lub, "alabt, i"lub; {liquids) bkibb, keb-
beyt, kibb; (fig.) (y^ per.) bi'akker, 'akker; the news
upset me, al-khaber 'akker-ni.
upside down, ad. fu"ani tahteni.
upstairs, ad. fow'*.
urge, V. a. bhitt, hattait, hitt; v. bharrij, harrajt,
harrij ('ala).
urgent, a. dirik f. dirki ; mulihh.
urine, n. bowl.
us, pro. suff. na.
usage, n. 'adi ; ist'emel.
use, n. nefa ; fe'idi ; v. a. bista'mil, sta'melt, sta'mil p.p.
musta*mel; to be of use, v. n. (3rd per.) biyiswa;
biyinf*a; use up, v. a. bkhallis, khallast, khallis;
bfaddi, faddait, faddi.
useful, a. mufid.
useless, ad. bila fe'idi; 'abes.
usual, a. *itiyadi ('atiyedi); usually, ad. ghaliben.
usury, n. riba; faiyiz.
19
290 ARABIC MANUAL.
Utensil, n. we'a (wa'a) p. awe'i.
utmost, the, a. al-aktar; to do one's utmost, v. a. b'amil,
'amilt jehd-i; do your utmost, 'amul ('amel) jehd-ak.
V.
vacancy, n. fragh; mahall ferigh.
vacant, a. fadi ; ferigh.
vacate, v. a. bfaddi, faddait, faddi; bferrigh, ferraght,
ferrigh.
vaccinate, v. a. bta'im, ta'amt, ta'im.
vaccination, n. tat'im.
vagabond, a. battal.
vague, a. mubhem.
vain, a. she'if (sha'if) hal-uh; mu'ijib bi nefs-uh; in vain,
ad. batilan; 'abes.
valid, a. sher'i; sahih.
valley, n. wedi p. widian.
valuable, a. temin.
value, n. temen ; v. a. btemmin, temment, temmin p.p.
mtemmen.
valve, n. birghi.
vanish, v. n. (3rd per.) bizul, zal.
vanity, n. butl.
vapour, n. bukhar.
variable, a. muta"allib; mutaghaiyir.
variety, n. p. shikel; anw'a.
various, a. mutnoww'i; mukhtilif.
varnish, n. vernish.
vary, v. a. bghaiyir, ghaiyert, ghaiyir; v. n. bitghaiyir,
tghaiyert.
VOCABULARY. 291
vase^ n. we 'a (wa*a) p. awe'i.
vasti a. fasih; wes'i.
vaulty n. "abu p. u"bwi; [tomb) "abr p. "ubur.
vaulted, a. me"bi.
veal, n. lahm 'ijl.
vegetables {vegetation)^ n. khudra.
veily n. mendil p. menedil; womatCs white veil, izar p.
yizr.
veiled, p.p. miyezzer; mghatta.
vein, n. 'ir** p. 'iru'*.
vellum, n. ri" ".
velvet, n. makhmal.
venerable, a. muhteram; wa"ur.
venerate, v. a. behtirim, ihtaramt, ihtirim.
vengeance, n. inti"am.
venison, n. lahm said.
venom, n. semm.
venomous, a. msimm; sam.
ventilate, v. a. bhowwi, howwait, howwi p.p. mhowwa.
ventilation, n. tehwiyi.
ventilator, n. nefida p. nawefid.
venture, n. {chance) sudfi p. sidaf; fursa p. furas; (risk)
khatr; mukhatera; v. bkhatir, khatert, khatir (fi).
Venus, zahra ; [Queen of Beauty) melekit al-husn.
veranda, n. rw^" p. rwe"at.
verb, n. f'^l p. af'al.
verbal, a. shifehi ; bil-lisen.
verbatim, ad. harfi bi harf.
verdigris, n. jinzar.
verification, n. tah"i".
verify, V. a. bha'*"i", ha" "a"t, ha" "i".
vermin, n. p. hashrat.
292 ARABIC MANUAL.
verse, n. beyt p. abiyet.
very, ad. ktir.
vespers, n. salat al-ghurub.
vessel, n. we'a (wa'a) p. awe'i; (ship) merkeb p. merakib.
vest, n. *'amis 'adi (tahteni).
vestibule, n. dehliz.
vestige, n. eter (asar) p. atar (asar); resm.
vestmeyit, n. bedli p. bedlet; hilli p. hi'lel.
veterinary surgeon, n. beytar p. beyatara ; tabib al-kheyl.
vex, V. a. bkeddir, keddert, keddir.
vexation, n. keder.
vibration, n. ihtizez.
vibrate, v. n. (3rd per.) biyihtez, ihtez.
vicar, n. ne'ib (na'ib); wekil.
vice, n. rezeli p. reze'il; [tool] melzemi.
viceroy, n. wali (w^li).
vicious, a. razil (rizil) p. arzal.
victim, n. ferisi.
victor, n. ghalib p. ghalibun.
victory, n. ghaleba; nasr.
victuals, n.p. me'kuldt.
view, n. manzar p. manazir; (opinion) rai v. bitferrij,
tferrajt, tferraj 'ala.
vigil, n. beramun.
vigilajice, n. intibeh.
vigilant, a. nebih.
vigour, n. "uwi; neshat.
vigorous, a. "owi p. awaiya; neshit (nishit^.
vile, a. razil (rizil).
village, n. dai'a (dey'a) p. di'a
villager, n. fellah p. fellahin.
villaiji, a. sherrir; khabis
VOCABULARY. 293
villainyy n. sherr.
vindictive, a. ha"ud.
vine, n. *arishi p. 'arai'ish (ursh); daliyi p. dawali.
viyiegaVy n. khall.
vineyard, n. kerm p. kurum.
vintage, n. "itaf.
violate (a promise), v. a. bin"ud, na"adt, nu'*ud kelem
p.p. men"ud; bis-hab, sahabt, is-hab kelem; (ravish)
V. a. bifdah, fadaht, p.p. f. mafduha.
violence, n. shiddi; "uwi.
violent, a. shiris.
violet, n. bnefsaji p. bnefsaj; — colour, lown bnefsaji.
violin, n. kamenja.
viper, n. afa p. afe'i.
virgin, n. bikr p. abkar ; 'adra p. *adara; the holy virgin.
al-betul.
virtue, n. fadili.
virtuous, a. fadil p. afadil.
visible, a. wadih; zahir.
visit, n. ziyara p. ziyarat; v. a. bzur, zirt, zur; visit a
sick person, v. bshi"'*, sha""eyt, shi"" ('ala).
visiting-card, n. wara'*a p. wara".
visitor, n. zeyir p. zuwwar; (guest) daif (deyf) p.
diyuf.
vitriol, n. zaj.
vizier, n. wezir p. wuzera.
vocabulary, n. "amis p. "awamis.
voice, n. sowt p. aswat.
void, a. khali.
volcano, n. burken p. berakin; jebel nSr.
volley, n. tala*'.
volume, n. mjellad p. mjellad^t; (mass) mi"dar.
294 ARABIC MANUAL.
voluntarily, ad. bil-ikhtiyar ; tow'an wa ikhtiyaran.
voluntary, a. ikhtiyari.
volunteer, n. mutatow'i.
vomit, V. a. braj'i, raj'at, raj'a; bintu", nata"t, ntu".
vote, n. sowt p. aswat; v. n. bsowwit, sowwatt, sowwit.
vow, n. nezr; v. n. binzur, nazert, nzur.
vowel, n. hareki p. hareket.
voyage, n. s^fer p. asfar.
vulgar, a. derij ; {low) dun ; a vulgar wo^nan, mara dun.
vulture, n. a"ab p. u"b^n.
w.
wad, n. (cardboard) kartun (karton) ; (felt) karton libbed ;
V. a. bihshi, hashait, hashait, hshi p.p. mihshi.
wadding, n. hashwi.
wafer, n. birsh^ni p. birshen.
wager, n. rahn p. ruhuni.
wages, n. ujra (ijra); ma'ash.
ivaggon, n. karro p. karrat; tumberu p. tmabir. (tunber
p. tnabir.
wainscot, n. hala*'a.
waist, n. wast; khasr.
waistcoat, n. sidriyi p. sidari.
wait, V. n. bisbur, sabert, sbur ; wait for, v. a. bintizir,
intazert, intizir; bintur, natart, ntur; / am waitiiig
for you, ana muntizir-ak; ana natir-ak; wait upon
(serve), v. a. bikhdum (bukhdum), khadamt, khdum.
waiter, n. sufraji.
VOCABULARY. 295
wake, V. n. bfi", fi"t, fi"; v. a. bfeyyi", feyya^'t feyyi";
bwa' 'i, wa' 'ait, wa' 'i.
walk, n. shimm al-hawa ; mishwar ; v. n. bimshi, mshit,
mshi; walk about, v. a. bmeshshi, meshshait. meshshi.
walking, n. meshi.
walkingstick, n. 'asa p. 'usi.
wall, n. [of a house) hait p. hitan; (of a town) sur p.
as war (swar).
wallet, n. kis p. kyes; leathern wallet, jirab.
walnut, n. jowzi p. jowz; walnut-tree, jowzi.
wander, v. n. bjul, jilt, jul; bdur, durt, dur.
wafit, n. ihtiyej; 'azi; v. a. bihtej, ihtajt; b'iiz, 'izt.
war, n. harb p. hurub; they are at war, 'amm biyita-
harabu; beyn-hum harbj to declare war, bish-hur,
shahert, sh-hur al-harb.
ward, n. "asir p. "ussar.
warder, n. sejjen.
wardrobe, n. khizenit tyeb.
warehouse, n. makhzen p. makhazin.
wares, n. bda'a p. badaiy'i.
warm, a. (of the body) defien; (places) defic. a.dia,; (food)
sukhn; v. a. bsakhkhin, sakhkhant, sakhkhin p.p.
msakhkhan.
warmth, n. defa.
warn, v. n. bnebbih, nebbeht; nebbih.
warning, n. tenbih.
warship, n. merkeb harbi p. merakib harbiyi.
wart, n. teluli p. tawalil.
wash, the^ n. al-ghasil; v. a. bghassil, ghasselt, ghassil;
V. n. bightisil, ightaselt, ightisil; wash grain, v« a.
bsowwil, sowwelt, sowwil p.p. msowwal.
washerwoman, n. ghass^li.
296 ARABIC MANUAL.
ivash-house, n. beyt al-ghasil.
washing, the, n. al-baiyad.
wasp, n. zur"ta (zuF'ta) p. zara'*it.
waste, n. israf; b'aza"a; v. a. bib'azi", b'aza'*t, b'azi" p.p.
mb*aza"; (money) bideddir, beddert, beddir; [things)
bitluf, teleft, tluf p.p. metluf; {tijne) browwih, row-
waht, rowwih; bdaiy'i, daiy*at al-wa"t.
watch, n. se'a p. se'at; v. a. bra"ib, ra"abt, ra"ib;
(guard) bihrus, harast, hrus.
watchful, a. muntibih.
watchman, n. haris p. hurras.
watchword, n. sirr al-leyl.
water, n. mai; riiyming — , mai jeriyi; stagnant — , mai
rakdi; drinking — , mai li shirb; fresh — , mai hilwi;
salt — , mai melha; cold — ■, mai berdi; tepid — , mai
fetri; hot — , mai sukhni; boiling — , mai ghaliyi;
spring of water, *ain p. *uyun; neb*a; to pass — ,
bibowwil, bowwelt, bowwil.
watercolour, n. lown mai.
waterfall, n. shellel (sheleli).
watering-pot, n. reshsheshi ; mreshshi.
waterproof, n. mshemm'a.
waterworks, n. kombaniyit al-mai.
wave, n. mowji p. amwej.
waver, v. n. bitreddad, treddadt.
wax, n. sham*a.
way, n. derb p. drub; tari" p. tiiru"; i?i my way, bi
derb-i.
we, pro. nahn (nahna).
weak, a. da'if p. da'af c. ad'afj 'aiyyen; the weak,
du'afa.
VOCABULARY. 297
weakat, v. a. bda'if, da'aft, da'if; bi"ellil, "allelt, "ellil
"uwi.
weak?iessy n. du'af.
wealthy n. ghi'na; serwi.
weauj V. a. biftum, fatamt, ftumi p.p. maftum.
weaning y n. ftami.
weapoUy n. sleh (slah) p. esliha; a weapon^ "it'a sleh.
weary v. a. bilbus, Ibist, ilbus; wear otit, v. a. bihri,
herait p.p. mihri; v. n. (3rd per.) biyihtiri, ihtara p.p.
mihtiri.
wearisome, a. mut'ib.
weary, a. t'aben v. a. (31^^ per.) biyit'ib, ta'ab.
weather, n. ta"s.
weathercock, n. duleb (dulab) hawa p. dwelib.
weave, v. a. bhaiyyik, haiyyekt, haiyyik p.p. mhaiyyak.
web (spiders), n. nesij al-'ankebut; beyt ar-rtaila.
wedding, n. 'urs p. 'aras.
wedge, n. sfin p. asefin.
Wednesday , nahar (yowm) al-arb'a.
weed, n. 'ushb ('ishb) berri p. ash^b berriyi.
week, n. jim'a p. jim'a.
weep, V. n. bibki, bakit, bki.
weigh, V. a. buzin, wezent, uzfn p.p. mowzun ; it weighs
so and so, wazn-uh keza wa keza.
weight, n. wazn; [of a scale) 'iyar p. 'iyarat.
welcome, ad. ahla u sahla; yoic are welcome, anast.
well, n. bir p. biyara; a. mabsut; ad. taiyib; mlih;
well done, ad. aferim; get well, v. n. bit'afa, ta'afeyt,
ta'afa; bsuhh, sahhait, suhh.
well-bred, a. asil; kahail (kaheyl).
well-off, a. meysiir.
west, the, n. al-gharb; western, a. gharbi.
298 ARABIC MANUAL.
wet, a. mbellel; v. a, bbiil, bellait (belleyt), bill p.p.
meblul; to be wet, binbell, inbelleyt; bitbellel, tbellelt.
whale, n. hut p. hiten.
wharf, n. bunt; wharfage dues, ardiyi.
what, pro. esh; shO; whatever, eshma; mahma.
wheat, n. "amh; hinta.
wheatmeal, n. tahin.
wheel, n. duleb (duUb) p. dSwelib; water-wheel, na'ura.
wheel-barrow, n. 'ajilit id.
when, ad. aimtin; aimta (eymta); con. limma; 'indama;
halma; wa"t illi; whenever, ay wa"t; wa"t illi.
where, ad. weyn ; feyn ; [whither) liweyn (leyn) ; {whence)
mineyn (min weyn) ; whereabouts, weyn ; feyn ; whereas,
hais (heys) ; li Icon ; wlierever, weyn ma ; whether or
not, iia. ow la ; keyf ma ken ; 'ala kuU hal.
which, inter, pro. esh; shu; ay; which one, ay wehid;
eni ; relat. pro. illi (halli) ; whichever, illi (halli).
while, con. limma; beynama.
whip, n. *'amshi ; kirbesh.
whirlpool, n. dowwara; derdiir.
whirlwind, n. zowba'a (zoba'a).
whisper, n. washwashi ; v. a. bwashwish, washwasht,
wash wish {and with ila).
whistle, n. sufaira (sufeyra) p. swefir; v. n. bsowfir,
sowfert, sowfir; bsaffir, saffert, saffir,
whistling, n. saffir.
white, a. abyad f. baida (bey da).
whitewash, n. tarsh; v. a. butrush, tarasht, trush.
who (whom), inter, pro. min; (whose) li min; relat. pro.
illi (halli); whoever, kill min; eymin.
whole, the, n. al-kill; a. sahih; kemil.
wholesale, n. bey'a bij-jumH.
VOCABULARY. 299
wholesome, a. suhhi.
whooping cough, n. sheh"a.
why, ad. lesh.
wick, n. ftili p. fte'il.
wicked, a. sherrir.
wickerwork, n. khaizeran ; a. mkhaizeran.
wide, a. *arid; wes*i.
widen, v. a. bwass'a, wass*at, wass'i p.p. mwass'a.
widow, n. armeli p. aramil; widower, armel.
width, n. *ard.
wife, n. mara; zowji; [mo stem) hurmi; my wife, mert-i ;
bint *amm-i; hurmt-i.
wig, n. sh'ar 'aiyeri.
wild, a. berri; wild beast, n. wahsh p. wuhush.
wilderness, n. shol.
wilful, a. 'anid.
will, n. khatir ; iradi ; (testament) wasiyi p. owsiyi ; make a
will, V. bwassi, wassait, wassi ; b'amil, 'amilt, 'amul wasiyi.
willing, a. radi; raiyid; God willing, inshallah.
willow, n. sufsafi p. sufsaf; weeping willow, sufsaf mist-hi.
win, V. a. birbah, rbiht, irbah ; v. n. bfuz, fizt, fuz.
wind, n. hawa p. ehwiyi; (strong wind) rih p. rieh
(riah); v. a. (to roll) bliflf, leffeyt, lifif p.p. melfuf;
(a watch) bdowwir, dowwert, dowwir p.p. mdowwer.
windfall, n. la"iyi.
winding, a. ma'arwaj ; wijidings (of road or river) leftet
u 'owjat.
window, n. shubb^k p. shb6bik.
wine, n. imbid ; khamr.
wineglass, n. **adah p. **d^h ("dah); k^s p. kesdt.
winepress, n. m*5sera p. ma'Ssir.
wing, n. j^nih (jinih) p. jwenih.
300 ARABIC MANUAL.
wink, n. ghamaz; v. n. bighmuz, ghamazt, ghmuz; wink
atf (overlook) bghudd, ghaddait, ghudd nazr 'an.
winner y n. ribhan; ghalib p. ghalibun.
winnow, v. a. bderri, derreyt, derri p.p. mderra.
winnowing shovel, n. midraiyi.
wijiter, n. shita; to spend the winter, v. n. bshetti, shet-
teyt, shetti ; the season of zuinter, n. shltwiyi.
wipe, V. a. bimsah, masaht, msah; {dry) bnashshif,
nashshaft, nashshif.
wire, n. shrit.
wisdom, n. hikmi.
wise, a. *a"il.
wish, n. iradi; v. a. and n. brid, ridt, rid; v. n. bit-
menna, tmennait, tmenna.
wit, n. zeka (zika).
with, pr. m'a.
withdraw, v. a. bisterj'i, sterj'at, sterj'i; bis-hab, sahabt,
is-hab.
wither, v. n. (3rd per.) biyidbal, dibil; biyibes, yibis;
zvithered, debblen; yebis.
withers, n. kitf.
within, n. juwwa; pr. dekhil.
without, pr. bidun; bila (bela); con. bidun ma; (outside)
n. berra; pr. kherij.
withstand, v. a. b"ewim, "evvamt, "ewim.
witness, n. shehid p. shuhud.
witty, a. zeki (ziki).
wolf, n. dib p. diyeb.
woman, n. mara p. niswen; hurmi p. harim.
womb, n. rahm p. arham.
wonder, n. 'ajab; ivonder at, v. n. bit'ajjab, t'ajjebt (min).
wonderful, a. 'ajib.
VOCABULARY. 30I
wd'ntj I wd'nt, ma bedd-i (bidd-i) ; ma brid ; it wo*nt do^
ma biyiswa; ma biyinfa.
wood, n. (for building) khasheb; (for fuel) hatab.
wood cock, n. djejit ard p. djej ard.
wooden, min khasheb.
wool, n. suf p. aswaf.
word, n. kilmi p. kilmet c.p. kelem ; word for word,
kilmi bi kilmi; i7i a word, hi kilmi wehdi; al-hasil;
word of comma?id, amr p. awemir ; to give one's word,
V. n. bu*id, wa*adt, wu'id (wu'ud) ; to keep ones word,
V. a. behfaz, hafazt, hfaz al-w'ad ; to break one's word,
V. a. biksur, kesert al-w'ad.
work, n. shighl (shughl); work of art, shighl da"i";
hard zvork, shighl sha""; kedd; v. n. bishtighil,
shtaghalt, shtighil; at work, meshghul; fi shighl.
workman, n. fe'il (fa'il) p. fa'ali.
workshop, n. dikken p. dekekin.
world, the, n. al-'alam; ad-dunia (ad-diniyi).
worm, n. dudi p. dud; susi p. sus.
worvieaten, to be, v. n. (3rd per. bisowwis, sowwas p.p.
msowwis.
worry, n. t*ab; "ala"; v. a. bdajjir, dajjert, dajjir.
worse, a. irda; the worst, al-arda.
worship, n. 'ibedi.
worth, to be, v. n. (3rd per.) biyiswa; what is it worth?
shu biyiswa; "add esh *'imt-uh.
worthless, ad. bila '*imi.
worthwhile, to be, v. n. (3rd per.) biyihriz.
worthy, a. mustahi*'"; ahl.
would that, inshallah.
wound, n. jurh p. juruh (juruha); v. a. bijrah, jeraht,
jrah p.p. mejruh; to be wounded, binjerah, injeraht.
302 ARABIC MANUAL.
woven (stuffs)y n. p. mensujet.
wrap (up), V. a. bliff, leffeyt, liff p.p. melfuf.
wrapper, n. lefefi p. lefe'if j ghlef (ghlaf).
wreathy n. iklil p. ekelil.
wrecked, to be, v. n. (3rd per.) biyinkisir, inkesar.
wrestle [with], v. n. bsar'i, sar'at, sar'i (m'a).
wrestling, n. msara'a.
wretched, a. ta'is; meskin.
wrinkle, n. j'adi p. j*adet.
wrinkled, p.p. mja'ad.
wrist, n. resigh, p. arsegh.
write, V. a. biktub, katabt, ktub p.p. maktub.
writer, n. ketib.
writing, n. kitebi.
wrong, n. darar p. adrar; v. a. bdurr, darrait, durr, p.p.
madrur ; to be wronged, bindarr, indarrait ; a. mukhti ;
you are wrong, al-ha'"* 'aleyk; inti mukhti; it is
wrong, haram; mush jeyiz; this is wrong, haidi ghalat.
Y.
yacht, n. yakht.
yard, n. (conrt) dar p. dur; (measure) zer'; pik (27 inches),
yarn, n. ghazl.
yawn (yawning), n. mtewabi; v. n. btewab, tewabt,
tewab.
year, n. sini p. snin; *am p. *awam; the new year, sfni
jdidi; new year's day, ras as-sini ; last year, sint al-
madi; 'am al-owwel; year by year, sini b'ad sini.
yearly, a. senewi; ad. senewiyen.
yeast, n. khamiri.
VOCABULARY. 303
yelloWy a. asfar f. safra p. sufr.
yes, ad. (superior to inferior), ey; ey wah ; (inferior to
superior, and also more politely) n'am ; ey n'am.
yesterday, ad. imbereh ; the day before yesterday, owwelt
imbereh.
yet, ad. b*ad ; not yet, lissa ma.
yield, v. n. bikhd'a, khad'at, khd'a; bsellim, sellemt,
sellim p.p. msellem.
yoke (for oxen), n. nir p. niyara.
you, pro. intum ; you (your) pro. suff, kum ; polite form
of address, hadrat-ak.
young, a. zghir p. zghar; fiti f. fitiyi; n. [of an animal)
jeru p. ijriyi; youftg man, shebb p. shibben; young
woman, sabiyi p. sabaiya.
yourself, (yourselves), pro. zet-kum.
youth, n. ftuwa; aiyem as-siba.
Zanzibar, zenjebar.
zeal, n. ghiri.
zealous, a. ghaiyur.
zenith, n. owj.
zero, n. sifr.
zest, n. shehiyi.
zigzag, a. ma'arwaj.
zinc, n. tutia.
zodiac, n. minta*'at al-buruj; signs of the zodiac, aA-huTuj.
zone, n. mfnta"a.
PART III.
DIALOGUES.
20
DIALOGUES.
(THESE SENTENCES ARE IN THE DAMASCUS DIALECT).
Ordinary phrases. niukalemet.
Good morning; good night, nahr-ak sa'id; leylt-ak sa'idi.
(nahr-ak sa'id mbarek).
How are you? goodbye. keyf hal-ak; khatir-ak (bi
izn-ak) ; m'as-salemi.
Excuse me, give me that, la twakhiz-ni, haida il-li *ati-
it is mine. ni yah.
I cannot understand you, 'ammel tist'ajil u ma li 'am-
you speak too fast. m^l i"dir ifham minnak.
Please repeat what you said, inkan bt'amil m*aruf t'id illi
"ilt-uh.
Please speak slowly. *amel m'aruf hki 'ala mahl-
ak.
Can you talk English, bt'arif tihki inklizi, fransewi.
French ?
Write it down please. ktib-ha 'amel m'aruf.
What do you mean ? I do shu m'anat-ak, ma li fahman
not know what you say. shu 'ammel t"ul.
3o8
ARABIC MANUAL.
Very well ; thank you. I am
much obliged to you.
Never mind, it does not
matter.
I am very sorry you are
going (that you went).
Please tell me your name.
Where do you live?
What o'clock is it?
When do you leave for
Damascus?
Take care driver; go slowly;
go faster; stop.
Turn to the right, to the left.
Go on ; wait here till I return.
Return for me at 1 1 o'clock
p. m.
How far is it?
Tell him to come and see
me to-day.
Tell her not to buy the
newspaper.
I told them to tell you that
I was out.
Did they tell you to tell
me that ?
I told the tailor to make
me a coat.
ktir mlih ; kettir khair-ak ;
ana ktir memnun-ak; (ana
ghari"t 'a Itaf-ak) lit: I am
drowned in your kindness,
ma biseyl.
ana ktir z'alen 'ala rewah-ak
(illi ruht).
btahubb tkellif khatir-ak wa
t"il-li shu ism-ak.
weyn (feyn) sekin.
"add esh as-se'a.
eymta bidd-ak ttsherrif lish-
sham.
dir bel-ak ya 'arabaji; mshi
'ala mahl-ak (su" shwayi
shwayi); st'ajil; wa""if.
'a yemin-ak, 'a shimal-ak.
su"; ntur hon hatta irj'a.
rj'a la 'and-i se'a hid'ash
min 'ashiyi.
"add esh biyibe'id min hon.
"ul-luh yiji yishuf-ni al-yom.
(f.) "uli-la la tishtri aj-jurnel.
"ilt-il-lum ta y"ulu-lak in-ni
kintberrat al-beyt (ghaiyib).
"alu-lak ta t"ul-li heyk.
"ilit lil-khaiyyat y'amil-li
saku.
DIALOGUES.
309
She told the groom not to
ride the horse.
He said you were going to
church and not to the
bazaars.
I am sorry he has gone
away.
I am glad he has come to
see me.
I wanted to see you yes-
terday.
Tell her to tell the cook
to cook the meat I gave
him last night.
I beat him well because
he did not come when I
called him.
I dismissed my servant be-
cause he would not do
what I told him.
If you do not do what I
tell you I shall have to
look for some one else.
I did not let him go on
the journey.
I am very late I must go
home at once.
You ought not| to have
done so without my leave.
I saw the soldiers coming
from the barracks.
"alet lis-sa'is in-nuh ^la yir-
keb al-hisan.
"al in-nak raih lil-kenisi
wa mau lis-su".
ana z'al^n (zi'ilt) illi rah
(sefir).
ana inbasatt illi ija yishuf-ni.
kint bidd-i ishuf-ak imbereh.
"ul-la t"ul lil-ashji ta yishwi
(yitbukh) al-lahm illi 'atait-
uh yah imbereh min 'as-
hiyi.
darabt-uh ktir li kun wa"t
illi nadaht il-luh ma ija.
''al'at (shahatt) khiddem-i
li kun illi "ilt-il-luh yah
ma kan y'amil-uh.
iza kint ma bt'amil illi bi"il-
lak yah bfettish 'ala
ghair-ak.
ma khallait-uh yisefir.
ana t'owwa"t ktir lazim
ruh 'al-beyt halla".
ma kan lazim tsawi heyk
bila izn-i.
shuft al-'asker jei min al-
"ishli'\
310
ARABIC MANUAL.
I heard the military band
playing in the street.
When I entered the house
I smelt a disgusting smell.
As soon as you have finished
the work I gave you,
•tell me.
Directly you arrive go and
see him.
I can no longer bear him.
Close the door which leads
into the garden.
I should have been glad to
have seen you yesterday.
I hoped you would have
come last week.
He was well the last time
I saw him.
As soon as he comes send
him to me.
I recollected it when it was
too late.
sma'at al-'asker 'ammel
idu" "al-musika fid-derb.
wa"t illi fitt lil-beyt shem-
mait riha keriha.
wa"t illi btkhallis ash-shighl
illi 'atait-ak yah "il-li.
owwel ma btusal ruh li
'and-uh u shuf-uh.
da" sidr-i min-nuh (min
ihtimel-uh).
sekkir al-bab halli biyinfud
lij-jneyni.
low kint shuft-ak imbereh
kint ibkun mabsut.
t'immelt in-nak kint btiji
fi jim'at al-madi.
ekhir marra shuft-uh kan
taiyib.
hatta yiji b'at-li yah.
ftunt fih wa
al-wa"t.
lakin mada
Travelling by train.
Has the train from Beirut
arrived ?
Please tell me when the
Damascus train arrives.
It will probably be late to-
day.
sefer fil-babor.
ija al-babor min beyrut.
'amel m'aruf "il-li eymta
babor ash-sham byiji.
al-ghalib al-yom biyit'
owwa".
DIALOGUES.
3"
When does the train leave
for Damascus?
Every morning at / a. m.
Where is the station master
I want to speak to him?
Where is my place?
How many places do you
require
I am alone.
I want a first-class ticket
to — .
I want a second class ticket
for my servant.
What luggage will you take
with you in the carriage ?
I will take my bag with me
and you can put the rest
in the luggage van.
Please register my luggage.
Where do we stop for lunch ?
What is the name of this
station ?
Is this your first visit to
Syria ?
No, I have been in Beirut
before but I have never
visited the Lebanon.
The view is very fine.
Where is Mt. Hermon?
eymta al-babor bisafir lish-
sham.
kill yom 'ala bukra se'a
seb'a "abl ad-dohr.
feyn mudir al-mhatta bidd-i
ihki m'a-uh.
feyn matrah-i.
kam matrah bidd-ak.
ana wahd-i.
bidd-i i"t'a bil-brimo li — .
bidd-i wara"it sekondo ila
khadim-i.
shu m'a-ak hmuli ('afsh).
m'a-i shanta wa al-ba"i
btahutt-uh m'a al-'afsh.
'amel m'aruf sokur-li hmult-i.
feyn biwa""if al-babor lil-
ghada.
shu ism hal-mhatta.
hai owwel marra jit lis-suria.
la, ana jit li beyrut "abl
hal-marra lakin lissa ma
ruht lil-libnan.
al manzar hulu (jemil) (be-
di'a) ktir.
feyn jebel ash-sheykh.
312
ARABIC MANUAL.
When do we reach Mallaka ?
We arrive at 12 and leave
at 12.30.
Will you go to Baalbek?
What is the cost of a car-
riage to Baalbek from the
station ?
15 francs; it is too much,
I will give you 12.
I will leave my luggage at
the station.
How many hours does it
take to drive to Baalbek ?
Please drive to the hotel
Palmyra.
Take the luggage to my room.
You have forgotten my box,
please go and fetch it.
We will spend the night
at Baalbek and return
next day to Mallaka, in
order to catch the train
to Damascus.
The carriage is ready, if
you want to catch the
train we must start at
once (in half an hour).
Please bring me the bill.
Can you give me change
for a lira?
eymta mnusal lil-m'alla"a.
mnusal se'a tn'ash franjiyi
(ad-dohr) wa mnimshi b'ad
ad-dohr nuss se'a.
btruh la ba'albek.
"add esh biakhadu 'al-'ara-
biyi min al-mhatta la
ba'albek.
khamst 'ashar frank ; haida
ktir ana b'ati-k tn'ash bes.
ana bitruk hmult-i fil-
mhatta.
kam se'a min hon li ba'al-
bek bil-karrosa.
'amel m'aruf su li lokanda
Tidmur.
khod al-'afsh la udat-i.
nesit sandu"i ruh dowwir
'aleyh 'amel m'aruf.
minnam al-leyli bi ba'albek
u mnirja teni yom lil-
m'alla"a hatta nilha" al-
babor lish-sham.
al-karrosa hadra inkan bidd-
ak tilha" at-tren lazim
mnirkab halla" (b'ad nuss
se'a).
'amel m'aruf jib-li "a'imit
al-hisab.
bti"dir tisrif li lira.
DIALOGUES.
313
You are too early (too late) bekkirt (t'owwa'*t) ktir 'a
for the train. at-tren.
I want a carriage for three bidd'i karrosa tis'a tlet
persons. ashkhas
Put the luggage in the car- hutt al-'afsh bil-karrosa,
riage, be quick. st'ajil.
Arrival at the hotel.
Can you tell me which is
the best hotel?
I want a sitting-room and
two bed-rooms.
What do you charge a day
for the three rooms?
Twelve francs a day each
person, including meals.
I will dine in my own room.
Let us have dinner imme-
diately we want to go to
bed early.
Light the fire in the sitting-
room.
I want a hot (cold) bath.
If you take the rooms by
the month it will be
cheaper.
The bed is damp, please
change the sheets.
al-wusul lil'lokanda.
bti"dir tkhabber-ni eni lo-
kanda ahsan.
bidd-i matrah lil-isti"bal wa
matraheyn lil-menami.
"add' esh bidd-ak *ala hal-
tlet matarih kuU yom.
bidd-i itn'ashar frank 'ala
kuU wahid kuU yom bi
ma fih al-akl.
ana bitghadda bi udt-i.
khalli-na nitghadda "awam
bidd-na nam bekku*.
sha'il an-nar bi udat al-
ma'"ad.
bidd-i hammam sukhn (be-
rid).
arkhas iia kint btakhud
al-uwad bi shahriyi.
al-fershi rutbi inkan bt'amil
m*aruf tghaiyir ash-sha-
rSshif.
314
ARABIC MANUAL.
Call me at five o'clock to-
morrow morning, we want
• to visit the bazaars.
I want another pillow, (an-
other blanket).
I want a candle, hot water,
a towel, a lamp.
Ring the bell.
Have you cleaned my boots,
bring them to me.
feyyi"ni se'a khamsi 'ala
bukra bidd-na ruh ndur
fis-su".
bidd-i mkhaddi teni (hram
teni).
bidd-i sham'a, mai sukhni,
manshfi, dow.
di" "aj-jaras.
lamm'atil-li saramit-i, jib
li yaha.
With a dragoman.
Are you a dragoman?
What do you charge a day ?
I charge 6 francs a day.
Do you recommend this
man?
Yes sir, he is honest and
intelligent.
I shall remain here a week.
I want to visit the bazaars,
the mosques, the town
walls and to go for a
drive in the neighbour-
hood.
Damascus is divided into
three quarters, Moslem,
Christian, and Jewish.
'trCa at-terjuman.
terjuman inti (terjuman ha-
drat-ak).
"add esh btakhud min-ni
kuU yom.
bidd-i kull yom sitti frankat.
shu bt'arif 'an haz-zalemi,
nilih.
n'am ya sid-i hui amin u
shatir.
ana bidd-i ib"a hon jim'a.
bidd-i dur fis-su" wa ruh
'aj-jawem'i wa shuf as-
swar wa dur li dura bil
karrosa hawal al-beled.
ash-sham ma"sumi li tlet
harat hara lil-islam wa
hara lin-nasara wa hara
lil-yahud.
DIALOGUES.
315
The Christian and Jewish
quarters are very dirty.
The streets of Damascus
are narrow and dark.
The citadel stands at the
back of the bazaars.
The Omeiyad mosque is
open all day.
It is approached by a door
leading out of the book-
sellers' bazaar.
In the centre of the court-
yard is the fountain.
The mosque has three mi-
narets.
The minaret of the bride,
of Jesus and the western
minaret.
We want to climb the
western minaret, there is
a fine view from the
top.
We will drive to the gates
of God and we shall see
the meydan on the way.
Saladin's tomb is a hand-
some building near the
great mosque.
The Sinanieh has a cele-
brated minaret.
harat an-nasara wal-yahud
wiskha ktir.
z"a"at ash-sham daiy"a u
m'atmi.
al-"ara hakimi bi "afa as-
swa".
aj-jem'i al-amwi bidall tul
an-nahar maftuh.
biyinfeth luh min al-bab
illi bitull 'ala su" bey'an
al-kutub.
bi wast ad-dar an-nofara.
aj-jem'i fih tlet mawadin.
al-wahdi ism-ha mednit al-
'arus wa at-teniyi mednit
'isa wa at-telti al-medni
al-gharbiyi.
bidd-na nitl'a lil-medni al-
gharbiyi fi min fo" man-
zar zarif ktir.
bidd-na nitl'a bil-karrosa li
bawwabt allah wa mnit-
ferraj bi derb-na 'al al-
midan.
fi "abr zarif li salah ad-din
"iddam aj-j^m*i al-amwi.
fi medni mesh-hura bij-j^mi
as-sinaniyi.
3i6
ARABIC MANUAL.
The Khan Asad Pasha de-
serves a visit.
What is that building, hill,
street, house?
You must be here at 8 to-
morrow morning.
Very good, sir, I will be
punctual.
Where is the silversmiths',
saddlers' sweet, shoe-ma-
kers' bazaar?
Where is the straight street?
Is this the way to the eastern
gate?
The lepers' hospital is out-
side the eastern gate.
Where is the English hos-
pital ?
On the Aleppo road.
N.B. (Kassa\ the name of
a fountain on this road).
Please take me to the Brit-
ish Consulate, the railway
station, the post-office,
the telegraph-office.
Is there an English church
here?
Can you tell me where the
doctor lives?
khan as'ad basha biyistihi" "
al-firji.
shu hal-'amara, hat-tell, haz-
z"a", hal-beyt.
bukra 'ala bukra se'a tme-
niyi franjiyi lazim tkun
hon.
'ala ras-i ya sidi bukra se'a
tmeniyi tamam bkun
'and-ak.
feyn su" as-siyagh, assrujiyi,
su "al-halawiyat, al-kin-
derjiyi.
feyn z"a" al-musta"im.
biyinrah min hon li bab
ash-shar"i.
khastakhanit al-ma'atalin
berrat bab ash-shar"i.
feyn khastakhanit al-inkli-
ziyi.
'ala tari" al-"assa'.
bitrajja-k in-nak takhud-ni
ila kunslato al-inkliz, lil-
mhatta at-tren (as-sikki),
lil-bosta, la mahall at-
tilaghraf.
fi honi kenisi inkliziyi.
bt'arif feyn beyt al-hakim.
DIALOGUES.
317
Whose house is this?
Knock at the door, go in.
Go straight up the hill.
The Russian Consulate is
outside the town.
li min hal-beyt.
du""al-bab u fut (tfaddal).
tl'a dughri il al-jebel.
kunslato Rusiya hakimi ber-
rat al-beled.
Post- and Telegraph-office,
Bosta zua mahall at-
tilaghraf.
When does the post leave
for England?
The post leaves daily for
Beirut.
Letters reach England in
about ten days.
When does the English
mail arrive.
Once a week.
Please register this letter
and give me a receipt.
Give me twelve 20 para
stamps (i piastre stamps)
and five 2 piastre stamps.
Take these letters to the
post and stamp them.
Ask whether the post has
arrived.
Are there any letters for
me?
eymta al-bosta bitsafir li
Inkilterra.
kull yom f i bosta ila beyuit.
al-mektub bidd-uh hikaiyit
'ashert iyam hatta yusal
li Inkilterra.
eymta bitusal bostat al-
inkliz.
kull jum'a marra.
kellif khatir-ak sokur li hal-
mektub wa 'at-ni f ih wasl.
'ati-ni itn'ashar buli min
shiyat al-"emeri (min shi-
yat al-"irsh) wa khamsi
min bta'at "irsheyn.
khud hal-meketib 'al-bosta
wa hutt 'aleyhum al-bul.
s'el li izakan fjit al-bosta.
fi il-li shi meketib.
3i8
ARABIC MANUAL.
Please send this telegram
to Beirut.
Can I telegraph in English ?
What is the cost per word ?
di""iMi dakhl-ak hat-tila-
ghraf li beyrut.
be"dir du" "-uh bil-inklizi.
"add esh bitkellif al-kilmi.
Presenting a letter of
introduction.
Is it far to the house of
Mr so and so?
No sir, it will take three
minutes in a carriage.
Drive to Mrs so and so's
house.
Go and fetch a carriage,
choose a good one.
Close the carriage, it is cold.
Open the carriage, it is hot.
Is Mr so and so (Mrs so
and so) at home?
No sir, he is out.
When will he return?
Not before dinner (mid-day).
Give him this letter and
my card and tell him I
will call to-morrow at
lo a. m.
Tell him I was sorry to
find him out {that I could
not meet him).
ta'dim mektub tbsiyi,
be'id beyt al-khowaja fulan.
la ya sid-i bidd-uh tlet
da"ayi" bil-karrosa.
khud-ni li beyt as-sitt fulani.
ruh jib karrosa wa na" "i-ha
tkun mliha.
sekkir al-karrosa ad-diniyi
berd.
ftah al-karrosa fi shob.
al-khowaja fulan biyilta"a
fi beyt-uh (as-sitt fulani
bitilta"a fil-beyt.
la tili'a ila berra (ghaiyib).
eymta byirj'a.
ma byirj'a lid-dohr.
'ati-h hal-mektub wa hal-
kart u "il-luh bukra se'a
'ashra franjiyi bitsherrif
li 'and-uh.
khabber-uh in-ni tkeddert
illi ma "edirt ijtim'a fih.
DIALOGUES.
319
Very good.
Please give him this letter
and ask if he will see me.
How long have you been
here?
I arrived the day before
yesterday ?
How do you like Damascus ?
It is a very interesting town.
It is very dusty and very
hot.
How long do you propose
to remain here?
I want to make a journey
to Palmyra.
Is it possible to drive the
whole way in a carriage ?
It will take you five days.
You should also visit Mt.
Hermon.
It will not take you more
than three days.
You should see th^ sunrise
or sunset from the top
of the mountain.
There are some pleasant
drives in the neighbour-
hood to Dummar, Sal-
hiyeh and elsewhere^
Damascus is not an unheal-
taiyib (mlih).
'amel m'aruf 'ati-h hal mek-
tub wa shuf inkan be"dir
shuf-uh.
sar lak zeman jit (eymta
sherraft.
sar li yomeyn (tsherrafna
min owwelt imbereh).
inshallah habbeyt ash-sham,
ash-sham beled muhimmi.
wiskha ktir u harra ktir.
"add esh fikr-ak tduU hon.
bi fikr-i safir la Tidmur.
bitisal al-karrosa la honik
(f i derb karrosa la honik).
bidd-ak khamsit lyam.
daruri in-nak truh li jebel
ash-sheykh.
bi tlet iyam btusal ila honik.
lazim in-nak tshuf ash-shems
keyf bititl'a wa keyf bit-
ghib min ras aj-jebel.
fi matarih zarifi bi "urb
ash-sham li shemm al-
hawa mitl dummar was-
salhiyi wa ghair-uh ghai-
rat-uh.
hawa ash-sham bis-seyf mau
320
ARABIC MANUAL.
thy place in summer
though it is rather hot.
Most of the foreign resi-
dents spend the summer
at Bludan or in the Le-
banon.
'atil lakin-ha mishubi (ma
an-nuh ash-sham fi-ha
shob bis-seyf hawa-ha mau
redi).
aktar al-ajanib biruhu bis-
seyf ya la bludan yimma
la libnan.
Visit to a curiosity shop. ziyara li makhzen al-anttkat.
I want to purchase a few
souvenirs of Damascus.
Look and see what you
would like, we have car-
pets, brasswork, silver
work and inlaid mother-
of-pearl work.
You can find some fine
tiles and silk embroide-
ries here.
I want a carved table and
a few brass trays and
bowls.
Please show me a brass
bowl inlaid with silver.
This is a very fine one,
the engraving is well done,
it has an inscription from
the Koran.
bidd-i akhud li kam shaghli
min ash-sham hatta tib"a
m'a-i mitl tezkar.
fi 'and-na sijjad wa nahas
men'*ush wa *and-na ash-
ghal fudda u shughl ti-
ta'im shuf shu bturid.
biyilta"a fish-sham "ishani
'aal u shughl titriz (harir
mtarraz) mu'eteber.
bidd-i towli meshghuli wa
kam s^niyi nahas wa kam
tasi ghma".
'amel m'aruffarrji-ni(arji-ni)
tasi nahas meshghul 'aley-
ha fudda.
hai 'aal wa na"sh-ha zarif
wa mahfur 'aleyha kitebi
min al-kuran ash-sherif.
DIALOGUES.
321
This work is more expen-
sive than the ordinary
brass work.
Most of the brass work is
done by the Jews.
The best trays are sent to
Egypt.
Tourists prefer to buy cheap
articles and these are
made here specially for
them.
If you want better work I
can have it made for you
but it will cost more.
Make me a folding tea table
and a brass tray.
Can I see it being made ?
If you will come to my
workshop to-morrow af-
ternoon you will see the
tray being made.
We first cast the brass in
a mould and, when the
bowl is made, we fill it
with pitch; the design is
then drawn on the out-
side and carved with a
sharp instrument, and
beaten ont with a ham-
mer and a nail.
ash-shughl haida bikellif ak-
tar min shughl an-nahas
al-'aadi.
aktar shughl an-nahas bi-
sow-uh al-yahud.
as-sawani al-mliha (al-ahsan
ma yakun) biyib'atu-ha la
masr.
as-suwwah byifaddlu shrai-
yit al-bda'a ar-rkhisa wa
hai m'amuli minshan-hum
makhsus.
izakan bidd-ak shi mlih ana
b'amil lak lakin bikellif
aktar.
'amil li towlit shay bitun-
tuwi wa seniyi nahas.
be"dir shuf-ha u hiyi 'am-
mel tinshighil.
iza jit bukra b'ad ad-dohr
lid-dukken titferrij 'ala
shughl as-seniyi.
bil-owwel minsubb an-nahas
bil-"elib b'adeyn wa"t illi
bisir tasi mintelli-ha zift
b'adeyn mniktub 'aleyha
kitebi min berra wa min-
"ush 'aleyha bi ali haddi
tkun wa mnihfur 'aleyha
bil-matra"a u mismar.
31
322
ARABIC MANUAL.
I want a frame inlaid with
mother-of-pearl and a
small table.
What does this carved chair
cost?
bidd-i birwaz
skemli.
mta'am u
*add esh
bikellif.
al-kursi al-hafir
Residence with a family.
I want to find a family with
whom I can pass the
winter in order to learn
Arabic.
Do you want merely to
have rooms in the house
or will you take your
meals with the family?
I want to reside among
them and have my meals
with them, so that I can
hear them talk and learn
the spoken Arabic.
It is not the custom here
to receive strangers, our
habits are very different
to yours; it will not be
comfortable for you.
It is the only way to learn
Arabic quickly.
How am I to find a family ?
I will enquire among my
friends with pleasure but
I fear it will be difficult.
al-ma'ishi ma ''aVeli,
bidd-i la""i li 'ai'eli iskun
m'a-ha shitwiyi hatta t'al-
1am 'arabi.
bidd-ak bes tiskun yimma
bidd-ak kaman takul m'a-
ha.
bidd-i iskun u akul m'a-hum
hatta ism'a-hum keyf by-
uhku wa t'allam al-'arabi
ad-derij.
ma fi 'adi *and-na in-na
ni"bel al-ghurb 'awa'id-na
ma mitl 'awa'id-kum ma
tinbusit.
ma fi ghair hat-tari" hatta
t'allam 'arabi "awam.
kif bidd-i la""i 'ai'eH.
ana bi kull ferah bis'el lak
sahab-i lakin bzunn in-nuh
s'ab.
DIALOGUES.
323
I think I know of a house bzunn in-ni b'arif beyt bi-
which will suit you, we wafi"-ak minruh al-yom
will call there together b'ad ad-dohr sawa wa
this afternoon. minzur-uh.
Interview with the head
of a family.
Do you understand what I
require ?
I have taken a house which
is too large for my fa-
mily, and I can let you
have two rooms.
Can I have my meals with
you?
Yes, if you are able to eat
our Arab dishes, you are
welcome (there is no ob-
jection).
I do not mind anything as
long as the house is clean.
We have dinner at noon
and supper at sun-set,
and you can have coffee
or anything else you re-
quire in the morning.
Those hours suit me very
well ; what are your terms
for the month?
I cannot take less than 200
francs a month and I shall
m^'*abeli nCa raiyis al-ai'eli,
fahman hadrat-akshu bidd-i.
akhadt beyt kbir 'ala 'ai-
'ilt-i wa be"dir bistaghni
lak 'an udateyn.
be"dir bekol u bishrab
m*a-ak.
iza bti"dir tekol min ekel-
na ahla u sahla (ma fih
man'i).
shi li bihimm-ni in-nuh ye-
kun al-beyt ndif.
mnitghadda ad-dohr wa
mnit'ashshaal-mughrib wa
izakan bturid "ahwi ow
shi ghair-uh 'ala bukra
minhaddir lak.
al-wa"t 'aal "add esh btu-
rid ash-shehr.
ma be"dir bakhud a"^l min
miteyn frank kuU shehr
324
ARABIC MANUAL.
gain very little (lit: I shall
be treating you liberally).
I shall probably remain with
you three months.
I should like to come to
you to-morrow, will every-
thing be ready?
wa bkun ra'it-ak ktir.
al-ghalib bu" 'ud 'and-ak
tlet ish-hur.
iza jit li 'and-ak bukra bi-
kun kull shi hadir.
Visit to a barber.
Cut my hair; cut it short.
Do not cut it very short.
Leave it long in front and
cut it short at the sides.
Give me a brush and a comb.
Be careful not to cut me.
Do not put any pomade
on my hair.
Wash my head.
Dry it well or I shall catch
cold.
Shave me.
Give me some hot water,
soap and a razor and I
wil shave myself.
Your razor is blunt, give
me another.
Sharpen this razor for me.
^and al-halla'\
"uss il-li sh'ar-i; bidd-i-ha
zghir.
la tzaghghur-uh ktir.
khalli li yah min "iddam
tawil wa min 'al aj-jenab
zaghgher-uh.
'ati-ni firshaiyi u musht.
dir bel-ak tijrah-ni.
ma bidd-i rihataiyibi (dhun).
ghassil li ras-i.
neshshif-uh taiyib ahsan ma
reshshih.
hh"li.
'ati-ni shwayit mai sukhni
u sabuni u mus u ana
behli" la hal-i.
mus-ak mau madi (hadd)
'ati-ni ghair-uh.
sinn il-li hal-mus.
DIALOGUES.
325
In the cafe.
fil'^ahwi.
Give me a cup of coffee.
Do you want it with or
without sugar?
I prefer Turkish coffee with-
out sugar.
How much is it?
Boy, bring me a few sweet-
meats, a glass of water
and the chess-board.
Bring me a narghileh.
I should Hke aglassofarak
and a few pistachio nuts.
Buy me a box of cigarettes,
third quality, and give
me a box of matches.
Have you a newspaper?
The Suria is printed in
Turkish and Arabic and
contains all the official
news.
I am tired and want to
return to the hotel, fetch
me a carriage.
'ati-ni finjan "ahwi.
bturid-ha hilwi yimma
murra.
bhubb-ha 'osmalliyi bela sik-
ker.
"add esh bturid.
ya walad yib li shwayit hulu
u kasit mai u hat as-sa-
taranj.
bidd-i nefes (arkili).
bidd-i "adah 'ara" wa shwa-
yit fistu" (maza).
shtri li *elbit sikarat nii-
mero tleti wa *ati-ni 'elbit
shahat.
fi m'a-ak jeridi.
jeridit suria bitintib'i bit-
turki wal-'arabi wa fiha
kuU al-akhbar ar-resmiyi.
sirt t'aben u bidd-i irj'a 'al
al-lokanda jib li karrosa.
The washerwoman.
How soon can you let me
have my linen back?
al'ghasseli.
eymta btrijj'a li (awa'i) al-
baiyad.
326
ARABIC MANUAL.
I cannot send the shirts be-
fore Thursday, sir, the
other things you can have
tomorrow.
Very good, but you must
promise to send them all
on Thursday evening.
Here is a list of my things :
8 shirts.
7 collars.
3 pairs of socks.
12 pocket-handkerchiefs.
2 pairs of drawers.
2 undervests.
6 white ties.
You must put plenty of
starch in the shirt fronts.
(I like the shirts well
starched).
How much do you charge?
20 paras a piece for every-
thing.
Dont leave my flannels to
soak in the water it ma-
kes them shrink.
Wash them quickly and
hang them out to dry.
Don't put soda in the water.
ma be"dir b'at lak al-"um-
san "abl al-khamis wa
ba"iyit al-awa'i bib'at lak
yahum bukra.
ktir mlih lakin bidd-ak tu-
'id-ni in-nak tib'at-hum
kull-hum khamis 'ashiyi.
u hai "a'imit ighrad-i.
tmen "umsan.
seb'a "abbat.
tlet ijwaz jrabet.
itn'ashar mahremi.
kalsoneyn.
"amiseyn 'adi.
sitt "amtat ra"bi.
neshshi li al-"umsan ktir
(bhubb al-*'umsan yekun
nisha-hum ktir).
"add esh bturid ijra (shu
btakhud 'aleyhum).
bidd-i eshrin misriyi 'ala
kull "ut'a.
la tkhalli al-flanella tghubb
mai ktir ahsan ma tdubb.
ghassil-hum "awam wa
nshiir-hum hatta yinshufu.
la tahutt "ili fil-mai.
DIALOGUES.
327
At the shoemaker's.
'and al-kinderji.
Please make me a pair of
shoes.
Take my measure.
These shoes are too tight,
they hurt my feet.
Do you want them made
of black or brown leather ?
Will you have them to but-
ton, lace or elastic sides?
I want high (low) heels and
thick (thin) soles.
This pair of boots wants
mending.
The soles (heels) are worn
out.
Put on a new sole.
There are nails sticking up,
knock them down.
I want a pair of boot-laces
and a pair of slippers.
'amel m'aruf 'ami'l li sir-
maiyi.
khod "iyas rijl-i.
hal-kundura daiy"a bituj'a
li rijl-i.
shu bturid yekun lon-ha
soda ow safra.
bturid sawi lak yaha bi zrar
ow bi shrit ow bturid-ha
mugheyt.
bidd-i k'ab-ha 'aali (wati)
wa n'al smik (khafif).
hal-kundura bidd-a taslih.
n'al-a (k'ab-a) mihtiri.
hutt il-la n'al jdid.
fi mesamir nab "a du""hum.
bid-di joz shraiyit lil-kun-
dura wa shahata.
At the stationer s.
'and bey' a al wara'*.
Have you writing paper,
pens, envelopes, blotting-
paper, pencils, indiarubber
and ink?
'and-ak wara" kitabi wa
"ilam wa mughallifat wa
wara*' neshshaf wa "ilam
resas wa mahaiyi wa hibr.
328
ARABIC MANUAL.
What size writing paper do
you require ?
Show me what you have
and I will choose.
I want some larger (smaller)
paper than this and some
envelopes to match.
I will take this, please wrap
it up in paper for me.
Is there anything else you
want?
Yes, I want some red seal-
ing wax and some reed
pens and Turkish ink.
In Turkey they use sand
instead of blotting-paper.
I want a pocket-book and
an account- book.
Have you an almanac?
Where shall I send the
parcel ?
al-wara" "add esh bidd-ak
yekun "add-uh.
arji-ni illi 'and-ak wa ana
bna" "i.
bidd-i wara" akbar (azghar)
min haida wa mughallifat
*ala "add-um.
bidd-i hai liff il-li yaha
kellif khatir-ak.
bturid shi ghair-uh.
eywah bidd-i sham'a ahmar
u "ilam 'arabi wa hibr
as wad.
fi belad al-'osmalli bista'-
melu rami bedel wara'*
an-neshshaf.
bidd-i jizdan byinhatt bij-
jeybi wa defter hisab.
'and-ak riznami.
liweyn akhud ar-rizmi (al-
hizmi).
Travelling,
I want a good dragoman
who knows the road to
Palmyra.
This man is honest and
his charges are moderate.
as-sefer.
bidd-i terjuman mlih illi
biy'arif at-tari" la Tidmur.
haz-zalemi amin (hal-insan
taiyib) mau tamma'a.
What is our best way of mneyn ahsan nruh la Tfd-
going to Palmyra? mur.
DIALOGUES.
329
How much will it cost, we
are a party of four?
You can drive or ride as
you like.
It is better to take tents
with you.
You should apply to the
Governor for gendarmes,
two will be sufficient.
I am ready to provide hor-
ses, food and tents for
all the party.
We will start as soon as
you have made all ar-
rangements.
The journey will take four
days. We shall spend the
first night at Jerud, the
second at Karyateyn, the
third at Khan al-lebn and
reach Palmyra on the
evening of the fourth day.
We must ride faster or it
will be dark before we
reach the place where we
are to sleep.
The horses are tired we
cannot galop.
This is where we are to
spend the night.
nahna arb'a shu bidd-na
masruf.
btahubb truh khaiyal wa
in habbeyt btruh bil-kar-
rosa (bil-'arabaiyi).
al-ahsan takhud m'a-ak khi-
yam.
al-ahsan in-nak tutlub min
al-wali in-nuh y'ati-k zab-
tiyi itneyn zabtiyi bikef-
fi-k.
wa ana hadir in-ni "addim
li kull aj-jema'a al-kheyl
wa al-akl m'a al-khiyam.
metama waddabt kull shi
mnimshi.
bidd-na arb'at iyam hatta
nisal minnam owwel leyli
fi jerud wa at-teni leyli
bil-'uriateyn telit leyli bi
khan al-lebn wa rab'i yom
al-masa mnisal la Tidmur.
ahsan in-na nist'ajil '*abl
ma tmessi ad-diniyi wa
ma nla" "i matrah an-nam
fih.
al-kheyl t'abit ma mn^"dir
ntarid.
hon bidd-na ninzel (nhow-
wil).
330
ARABIC MANUAL.
Put the horses in the stable
and see that they are pro-
perly fed and attended to.
Have you a clean room?
This is the largest room I
have but it has no beds.
We dont want beds, we
have them with us.
We are hungry, will you
prepare us some dinner?
I can give you a chicken
and some rice.
The meat is not cooked
enough, cook it a little
more.
Send me the dragoman as
soon as he returns.
There is a great draught,
block up the windows
and light the fire.
Put my bed in this cor-
ner, the dragoman will
sleep outside.
We will start at sun-rise
tomorrow, see that the
horses are ready.
We will have some coffee
and boiled eggs before
starting.
Give a present to the owner
of the house, he has been
very obliging.
hutt al-kheyl fil-yakhur u
lahiz akl-un u tutmir-un.
'and-ak uda ndifi.
hai akbar uwad illi 'and-i
lakin ma fi-ha firshat.
ma bidd-na firshat 'and-na.
je'na bthaddir-na al-ghada.
bwaddib lak ferruj m'a
shwayit riz.
al-lahmi ma-i mistwiyi sat-
wi-ha shwayit al-ukhr.
wa*'t il byiji at-terjuman
b'at li yah.
fi hawa ktir sidd ash-she-
bebik wa sha'il an-nar.
hutt il-li fersht-i bi hal-"urni
at-terjuman binam berra.
bukra tlu'a ash-shems bidd-
na nimshi shuf inkan ad-
dawab hadra.
bidd-na "ahwi u beyd mas-
lu" "abl ma nsafir.
sahib al-beyt kan.ktir latif
m'a-na 'ati-h ikramiyi.
DIALOGUES.
331
Saddle the horses.
Tighten (loosen) the girths.
This bridle is too small
change it.
Does this horse trip at all,
is he fast, quiet, lame?
The horse has lost a shoe
have him shod.
I will hold the horse while
you load the mules.
Make haste and pack up
the things, we are late.
Can we cross the river here ?
Yes, it is not deep and the
bridge is some way off.
Call me the headman of
the village.
Can you send a man to
guide us?
How far is it to Nebk?
How many hours shall we
take to reach Karyateyn
on horseback?
The road is very steep,
narrow and stony.
wallif 'al al-kheyl ('al ad-
dawab).
shidd (hill) al-hizemet.
hal-ljam zghir bdil-uh.
hal-hisan byisk'a shi, rak-
kid, hadi, 'araj.
al-hisan hafian min rijl-uh
al-wahd-i beytir-ha.
ana bimsik al-hisan wa inti
hammil al-bghal.
st'ajil wa dubb al-ighrad
t'owwa"na.
mne"dirnu"t'a an-nahr hon.
n*am mau ghami" wa aj-
jisr be'id.
*aiyit li (ndah li) 'ala sheyk
ad-dey'a.
bte'*dir tib'at m'a-na delil.
"add esh tib'ed an-neb"
min hon.
kam sa'a bidd-na Hl-"uria-
teyn 'al-kheyl.
at-tari" sair daiyi" u wa'ir
u kull-uh tlu'a.
Shooting,
Which way does the wind
lie?
aS'Seyd.
mneyn j^i al-hSlwa (al-h5wa
keyf hakim).
332 ARABIC MANUAL.
It is in the North, which al-hawa shimali 'aal 'a as-
is excellent for sport. seyd.
It is in the South, the birds al-hawa jenubi wa at-tuyur
will now be up in the halla" bitilta"a bij-jebel
mountains, there will be wa as-seyd 'abes.
no sport.
Have you got my cartrid- m'a-ak feshekat-i.
ges?
Have you loaded the gun ? dakkeyt aj-jift. aj-jift musli.
the gun is cocked.
Fetch the dogs. jib al-klab.
There is a bird on your fi teyr 'a yemin-ak (min 'a
right (left). I have hit it. shimal-ak). subt-uh.
I have wounded it. jeraht-uh.
There is a covey of par- fi ruff hijal bi ras aj-jebel.
tridges on the top of the
hill.
Do you see where they shaiyif-un feyn rahu.
went?
They have gone over the rahu min fo" al-wadi.
valley.
Look out, there is a pig tall'a beyn al-'alley'* fi
in the bushes. khanzir.
Keep the dogs back, dont khalli al-klab wara-na la
make a noise. tdowwij.
There he is. Here he is. leyk-uh honik. shahowki-h
hon.
Come along. He is wounded mshi ley-na, injerah ma
he cannot get away. byi"dir yuhrub.
Give me my knife, cut it's 'ati-ni mus-i, dbah-uh.
throat.
All right, I am ready. taiyib ana hadir.
DIALOGUES.
333
How many woodcock did
you get?
It was too warm, we could
get no woodcock, we got
five quail, a hare and
three duck.
We saw a bear but we
could not get near enough
to him.
There are ibex in these hills.
Take your rifle with you
in case we see any big
game.
They say there are gazelle
in the neighbourhood.
Is there any game in that
plain ?
The wood is full of game.
Take the bag back to the
tent and prepare dinner,
we shall be back in a
quarter of an hour.
I want to cross over to the
other side of the stream.
Walk down the mountain
slowly.
There is a good spring of
water at the bottom.
The water is icy cold (chil-
ly) wait till the sun gets
on it before you water
the horses.
kam djajit al-ard jibit.
kan shob ktir ma "edirna
njib djaj ard, jibna khamsi
firraiyat arnab u tlet battat.
shufna dubb lakin ma "edir-
na n"arrib la nah-uh.
fi bi hal-jibal wa'al.
jib m'a-ak barudt-ak mshesh-
khani berki shufna wu-
hush kbar.
bi"ulu in-nuh fi han-nawahi
fi ghuzlan.
fi seyd bi haidak as-sahil.
fi seyd ktir fi hirsh.
khod al-kis lil-kheymi wa
haddir al-ghada wa b'ad
rub'a sa'a mnirj'a.
bidd-i u"t'a li haidak aj-
jeneb min an-nahr.
inzel min aj-jebel 'ala
mahl-ak.
fi bi k'ab-uh neb'a mu'e-
teber ('aal).
al-mai mjeldi (msa" 'a) la
tis"i ad-dawab "abl ma
tutl'a ash-shems.
ERRATA.
Page 13, line 3, 'atshen
58, „ 23, hid'ash
58, ^ 26, wehid J
97, y, I, fow "al-hadd „
97, „ 2, fow "al-"iyes „
„ 100, „ 7, haniiyit
^ 103, ^ 21, irwet
104, ^ 2, uda „
„ 104, ^ 10, d
„ 107, ^ 29, instinbat ^
^ 233, „ 16, telmizp.telemiz„
^ 245, y, 23, serur
„ 317, , 18, 'at-ni ,
should be 'atshen.
„ hid'ash.
„ wehid.
„ fow" al-hadd.
„ fow" al-"iyes.
„ haniyit.
„ 'irwet.
ff uda.
. P-
„ istinbat.
„telmizp. telemiz.
„ serwi.
„ 'ati-ni.
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Hariri. — The Assemblies of al Hariri. Translated from the Arabic,
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Harper (R. F.). — The Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylonia
(about 2250 H.C.). The most ancient of all codes. In 2 Vols. \'ol. I :
Map, Text, Transliteration, Glossary, Historical and Philological Notes, and
Indices. By Robert Francis Harper, Professor of Semitic Languages
and Literatures in the University of Chicago ; Director of the Babylonian
Section of the Oriental Exploration Fund of the University of Chicago ;
Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. Svo, 103 plates and 192 pages,
cloth, i8j.net. Part II (in preparation). By William Rainey Harper,
Ph.D., President of the University of Chicago ; Professor and Head of the
Department of Semitic Languages and Literatures.
In this volume it is proposed to present in succinct form the more important laws
and usages of the Hebrew Codes considered historically, and to compare therewith the
parallel material contained in the Hammurabi Code and in other Assyro- Babylonian
writings. In view of the great influence of the Mosaic Code upon subsequent legis-
lation, a competent inquiry into the relations of this code with that of Hammurabi and
Complete List of Books ^ and Periodicals. 17
othei- contemporary or possibly antecedent enactments is at the present time pertinent
and sure to yield results of great historic value. This book, published as the
complement of Part I, will be a work that must of necessity find a place in the library
of every man interested in ancient Oriental civilization and desirous of apprehending
the great debt of the present to the past.
"This handsome volume, which must have been produced at great expense, is
A credit to the University of Chicago Press, and not less to the distinguished Professor
of Semitic languages at "the same University ... the special feature of the book
is the series of plates giving the autographed text reproduced from the photographs
published by Scheil in 1902. . . . The student who wishes to read the origmal
text is thus put in possession of all the necessary materials. ... A word of
special praise is due to the clearness of the plates, which should satisfy the most
fastidious eyts."— Manchester Guardian.
" The student will welcome the lists of proper names, signs, numerals, and complete
glossary ; to the ordinary reader, especially, the comprehensive index of subjects
covered by the Code will be a useful guide. This edition may be styled 'The
Student's Hammurabi.' It forms a compact and handy volume, which will serve
as a helpful introduction to the study of Babylonian texts ; and to every student of
Assyriolog)' the concise arrangement of its contents and the fulness of its information
should make it a constant compsinion."—/txj>ository Times.
Harper (R. F.).— Assyrian and Babylonian Letters, belonging to
the K Collection of the British Museum. By Robert Francis Harper, of
the University of Chicago. Vols. I to VIII. Post 8vo, cloth. Price ot
each vol., 25J. net.
" The Assyriologist will welcome them with gratitude, for they offer him a mass of
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to yield important results." — Athenceum.
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their large type and ample margin." — Academy.
Hartmann (F.).— Magic, White and Black. The Science of Finite
and Infinite Life. Containing Practical Hints for Students of Occultism.
Seventh Edition. Revised. 8vo, pp. 292, cloth. 9/.; paper covers, 7j. 6</. net.
Hartmann (Martin).— The Arabic Press of Egypt. By Martin
Hartmann. 8vo, pp. ii, 93, cloth. 3^. bd. net.
" A learned critical list of Arabic publications." — The .AthctKtum.
" Such compilations as the present are valuable as works of reference, and as
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Asiatic Quarterly Jinucw.
Heeres (J. E.).— The Part borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of
Australia, 1606-1766. By J. E. Hkekes. LL.D., Professor at the Dutch
Colonial Institute, Delft. In English and Dutch. With 19 Maps, Charts,
and Illustrations. Folio, pp. vi, xvii, 106, cloth. 2ij. net.
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i7''>: '' ■ Aith .several of the quaint maps and charts of the early
Dir if which will interest our Australian fellow-countrymen.
" Professor Heeres has rendered another service to historical geography by editing
a complete scries of documents bearing on the Dutch V(n im s icj ,\ustralia from i6o6
to 1765. .Among the documents perhaps the most - -• the Journal kept
Xvjf Jan Carstcnsz on his voyage of 1623 to the (iulf of < with the Pcra and
-Arnhcm. and the various papers relating to the voy.iK« *" » ("'l and Pictcrsroon in
1636. While allowing that the Dutch discoveries in the west were the result of
accident, Professor Heeres points out that those in the north were the outcome of
a systematic endeavour on the part of the Dutch officials to extend the sphere of their
operations. "—Geographital Journal.
1 8 Liizac £-^ Co.
Hemakandra. — Abhidhanakintamani, einsystematisch angeordnetes
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begleitet von O. BoHTLINGK et C. Rieu. 8vo, pp. xii, 443. 12s, net.
Hendrickson (G. L.).— The Proconsulate of Julius Agricola in
Eelation to History and to Encomium. Reprint. 410, pp. 33, paper
covers. 2s.
Hirschfeld (Dr. H.).— New Researches into the Composition and
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Imperial and Asiatic Quarterly Review ard Oriental Record
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Irvine (W.).— The Army of the Indian Moghuls ; its Organisation
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" This book is a mine of curious information, collected with great labour and pains
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JacoUiot (L.). — Occult Science in India and among the Ancients,
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Translated from the French by WiLLARD L. Felt. Roy. Svo, pp. 275,
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Jastrow (M.). — A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Bahli
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" This is the only Talmudic Dictionary in English, and all students should
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Jayakar (Lieut.-Col. A. S. G.). See Ad Damirl
Jinalankara, or *' Embellishments of Buddha." By Buddha-
RAKKHITA. Edited with Introduction, Notes, and Translation, by James
Gray. Two parts in one. Svo, cloth. 6^-.
Johnson (E.).— The Altar in the Wilderness. An attempt to inter-
pret Man's Seven Spiritual Ages. Small Svo, jip. 1 17. \s, 6d. net.
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Johnston (C). — Useful Sanskrit Nouns and Verbs. In English
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Johnston (C). — The Memory of Past Births. 4to, pp. 55, paper
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Johnston (C). — The Awakening to the Self. Translated from the
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Complete List of Hooks and Periodicals. 19
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Judge (W. G.).— The Ocean of Theosophy. Thirteenth Edition.
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The same, half-bound. 30^. net.
Judson (A.). — English - Burmese Dictionary. Fourth Edition.
Roy. Svo, pp. 930, half-hound. 250. net.
King (Leonard W.). — Babylonian Magic and Sorcery. Being
"The Prayers of the Lifting of the Hand." The Cuneiform Texts of
a Group of Babylonian and Assyrian Incantations and Magical Formuhv.
edited with Transliterations. Translations, and full Vocabulary from Tablets
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W. Kl.VG, ^LA., Assistant in the Department of Egyptian and Assyrian
Antiquities, British Museum. Roy. Svo, cloth. \^s. net.
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religions, and it marks an era in Assyriologieal studies in England A word
of special praise is due to Mr. King for the excellence of his autograph plates of text."
-—Athemrnm.
King (Leonard W.). — The Letters and Inscriptions of Hammurabi,
King of Babylon alx)ut B.C. 2200, to which are added a Series of Letters ot
other Kings of the First Dynasty of Babylon. The Original Babyloniaa
Texts, edited from Tablets in the liritish Museum, with English Translation.s,
Summaries of Contents, etc. By L. VV. King, M.A., F.b. A., Assistant in.
the Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities, British Museum. In
three volumes. Vol. I : Introduction and Babylonian Texts. Vol. Hi
Babylonian Texts (continued). Vol. Ill: Transliterations, English Trans-
lations, \ocabularies. Indices, etc. Roy. Svo, cloth. Vol. 1, 21s. net ;
Vol. II, i&r. net ; Vol. Ill, i8j. net. [Luzac's Semitic Text and Translation
.Series, Vols. II, III, and VIII.]
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these texts, and although his translation differs somewhat from that adopted by
German Cuneiform scholars, he has kept most commendably clear from philological
discussion. . . . Altogether, Iioth he and the Museum are to be congratulated on
the ooropletion of a difficult task. "— y4M^/i^ri/m.
••Mr. K=-~ -~- ' ':• 1 on Yi\% cop- ' '' f' '-'—'^ tcxu, and itill
more on! . . 11. II references to
tbe dates! of the pen it sevend ofthe
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King (Leonard W.). — The Seven Tablets of Creation, or the
Babylonian and Assyrian Legends concerning the Creation of the World and
of Mankind. Edited by L. W. King, M.A., P\S.A., Assistant in the
Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities, British Museum. In two
volumes. Vol. I : English Translation, Transliteration, Glossary, Intro-
duction, etc. Vol. II : Supplementary (Assyrian and Babylonian) Texts.
Roy. 8vo, cloth. Vol. I, iSs. net; Vol. II, 15^. net. [Luzac's Semitic Text
and Translation Series, Vols. XII and XIII.]
" Students of religion and mythology will find this book a mine of wealth. . . .
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" This important work gives, with the aid of the most recent material, a critical
text and full exposition ol the Babylon epic of the creation of the world and of
mankind." — limes.
' ' To all students of comparative religion, to those who are interested in the dualism
*){ the Zend Avesta and cognate subjects, we can commend this remarkable archaic
Jiierature, possibly the very oldest the world possesses." — Scotsman.
King (Leonard W.). See Studies.
Xing (Major J. S.). — History of the Bahmani Dynasty. Founded
on the Burhan-I Ma, Asir. Svo, pp. 157, with Map, cloth, "js. 6d. net.
Xittel (Rev. F.). — A Kannada-English Dictionary. Roy. Svo,
PP- ^ 1752, half-bound. £l lis. net.
Klenzo (Camillo von).— The Treatment of Nature in the Works of
Nikolaus Lenau. An ICssay in Interpretation. Reprint. 410, pp. 83, paper
covers. 6j. net.
Koran in Arabic. A photo-zincographed reproduction so as to
avoid the objections to printing or lithographing the sacred text of the
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for its correctness. The frontispiece is splendidly illuminated. Svo, cloth
gilt, Oriental binding with flap. 5^. net. The same can l^e had unbound,
but stitched ready for binding, 4J. net.
A testimonial as to the accuracy of the reproduction, signed by leading Muham-
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Koran. See Hirschfeld.
Korea Review. Edited by H. B. Hulbert. Published monthly.
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Kosegarten. — Hudsailitarum Carmina. Arabic Text. Edited by
J. G. L. Kosegarten. Sumptu Societatis Anglicx quce Oriental Fund
nuncupatur. Vol. I. (All published.) London, 1854. 30J. net.
Kosegarten.— Taberistanensis Annales Begum atque Legatorum
Dei. Edited (in Arabic and Latin) by J. G. L. Koskgarten. Greifswald,
1843. Vol. III. %s. net.
To students of Arabic literature it is likely to be of great interest to hear that of
the two works indicated above, both edited by Kosegarten, and long looked upon
as being out of print, there have been found, after the death of the printer, some
■copies which we are able to sell at a very reduced price. Whereas the second work,
forming a certain part of the great historical work of al-Tabari, has to some extent
been superseded by the complete edition of this monumental work under the editorship
of Prof, de Goeje, in Leiden, it is' particularly gratifying that the famous collection of
the Poems of the Hudsailites, made by the renowned philologian al-Sukkari, about
275 A.H., which has, for the first time, been edited by Kosegarten, and afterwards
continued by Wellhausen, has been preserved in some copies. We are glad to be
thus enabled to put this work, which has been sold of late for £-i and ^1^4, on sale at
the greatly reduced price of ;^i 10s.
Complete List of Books a?id Periodicals. 2 r
Land (J. P. N.).— The Principles of Hebrew Grammar. B} J. P. N.
L\ND, Professor of Logic and Metaphysics in the University of Leyden.
Translated from the Dutch by Reginald Lane Poole, Balliol College.
Oxford. Demy 8vo, pp. XX, 219, cloth. (Published yj. 6//.) Reduced price
5J. net.
Levertoff (P.). — The Son of Man. A survey of the Life and Deeds
of Jesus Chri>l. In Hebrew. Roy. 8vo, pp. 113, paper cover. 2s. dd. net.
Loewe (L.). — A Dictionary of the Circassian Language. In two
parts: English-Circassian-Turkish and Circassian -English-Turkish. 8vo^
cloth. (Published 2\s.) Reduced price 6^. net.
Loewe (L.). — Efes Damim. See Efes.
Light on the Path. A Treatise written for the Personal Use of
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within its influence. Written down by ^L C. With Notes and Comments.
Small 8vo, pp. 92, cloth, zs. 6d. net.
The same, leather. 3.?. bd. net.
Luzac's Oriental List and Book Review.— A Record of Oriental
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Published every two months. Annual subscription, y. Vols. I to IV are
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" It deserves tlie support of Oriental students. Besides the catalogue of new books
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— Academy.
"A bibliographical monthly publication which should be better known." — Tti*
Record.
Luzac*s Oriental Grammars Series. See Aston, Crow, Rosen,,
Wynkoop.
Luzac's Oriental Religions Series. See De Boer, FausboU.
Luzac's Semitic Text and Translation Series. See Budge, King,
Scott-Moncrieff, Thompson.
Macnaghten (Sir W. Hay).— Principle of Hindu and Mohammedan
Law. Republished from the Principles and Prece<lences of the .same.
Edited by the late II. H. W11.SON. 8vt), pp. 240, cloth. 6s. net.
Majumdar (Puma Ch.).— The Musnud of Murshidabad ( 1 704-1 904).
Being a .Synopsis of the History of Murshidabad for the last two Centuries.
To which are appended Notes of Places and Objects of Interest at
Murshidabad. With many Illustrations. 8vo, pp. 322, xxiv, cloth.
7i. 6d. net.
Margoliouth (D. S.). — Chrestomathia Baidawiana. The Com-
mentary of El-Iiaidawi on Sura III. Translated and explained for the use
of Students of Arabic. By D. S. Margoliouth, M. A., Laudian Professor
of Arabic in the University of Oxford, etc., etc. Post 8vo, cloth. \2s. net.
"The txx)k is as schokirly as it is useful. Of particular impfjrtance are the
iuim«»rous gramninticn! nnnotation«i which givt* the Iwginnoran insifjht into thomrihwl
f.f : • "^ • ■ '1 form nn t 'ndy
fo ... I thr
rciii- , . 1 irgollouih 1 ■ nw
literatures of Moslim 1 raditiun. Gmmnmr, and Kalaim. . . . The peiUiMil of the
book affonb pleasure from beginning to end." ^/ourna/ Royal Asiatic Sociefy.
Liizac (S^ Co.
Mead (George H.).— The Definition of the Psychical. Reprint. 40,
pp. 38, paper covers. 2x. net.
Michell (R. L. N.). — An Egyptian Calendar for the Koptic Year
161 7 (1900-1901 A.D. ). Corresponding with the Years 1318-1319 of the
Mohammedan Era. By Roland L. N. Michell. Demy 8vo, 130 pp.
Cloth, 3^. ; paper covers, 2J. dd. net.
Some Notices of an Egyptian Calendar for the year 1395 A.H. (1878 A.D.), published
by Mr. Michell in Kgypt in 1877: —
" One of the strangest pieces of reading probably ever offered under the name of
contemporary literature. . . . There is no fear that anyone who uses this little
book for consultation during a visit to Egypt will fail to see any particular celebration
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"This quaint and entertaining pamphlet may claim a foremost place among
■curiosities of modern literature. . . . Never was information so new, so old,
so varied, so fantastic, or packed in so small a compass. . . . The Glossary may
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personages, an epitome of popular customs and superstitions, and a handbook of the
agricultural and natural phenomena of the Nile Valley." — Academy.
Minayeff (J.).— Pali Grammar. A Phonetic and Morphological
Sketch of the Pali Language. ^Vilh an Introductory Essay on its Form and
Character. Translated and rearranged with some modifications and additions
for the use of English Students. By C. G. Adams. 410, pp. xliii, 95. ^s. net.
Mii'khond.— The Rauzat-ns-Safa ; or, Garden of Purity. Translated
from the Original Persian by E. 1\KHA rsEK ; edited by F. F. ArbuthNOT.
Vols. I to V. 8vo, cloth. lOJ. each vol. net.
Vols. I and II contain : The Histories of Prophets, Kings, and Khalifs.
Vols. Ill and IV contain : The Life of Muhammad the Apostle of Allah.
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Modern Philology. A Quarterly Journal devoted to Research in
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Monier-Williams (Sir Monier).— Indian Wisdom ; or, Examples of
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the past and present Condition of India, moral and intellectual. By Sir
Monier Monier-Williams, K.C.LE., M.A., Hon. D.C.L. Oxford.
Fourth Edition, enlarged and improved. Post 8vo, pp. 575, cloth. 2lJ.
" His book . . . still remains indispensable for the growing public, which
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— Daily Chronicle.
" It is a fine volume and contains valuable additions by the author . . . this
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Moorat (Mrs. M. A. C). — Elementary Bengali Grammar in English.
Small Svo, pp. vi, 135. 3j-. net.
Moorat (Mrs. M. A. C.).— Pahari and Santali Music. Containing
two Pahari and five Santali airs with words. Folio, pp. 10. 35. net.
The same can be supplied with English translation in MS.
Price 5J. net.
Moore (A. W.).— Existence, Meaning, and Reality in Locke's Essay
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Mostras (C). — Dictionnaire Geographique de I'Empire Ottoman.
8vo, pp. xii, 241. 3J. 6d. net.
Complete List of Books and Periodicals. 23
Muallakat. — The Seven Poems suspended in the Temple at Mecca.
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X'ivekilnanda. The lx>ok goes deep and treats of startling things, but when analyzed
and viewed from the author's stand|x)int. they are found to be links in the great
chain of truth. He alone will deny who is out of sympathy or limited in vision." —
Transctipt, Boston, Sept. 24th, 1902.
" Students of religion will find much of interest in it ; those who care for India in
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most striking religious movements of the day ; w hih" the orthodox Christian will derive
some information from the work regarding the attitude of cultured Hindus toward
Christianity and its Foundi'r. .After reading the book one is inexcusable if his ideas
concerning \'edanta are hazy." — .VVrc York Sot nrday Rr<.'ieio of Books, July 12th. 1902*
Vivekananda (Swami). — Raja Yoga. Portrait of Author, frontispiece.
pp. 376. cloth. 6j. dd. net.
liesides lectures on RAja ^'oga the book contains Patanjalis Yoga Aphorisms with
• Conmientary, a copious Sanskrit CJlossary, a lecture on Immortality, and the Swa,mi's
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Vivekananda (Swami).— My Master. 1 2 mo, pp. 90, cloth, z.v. bd. net.
"This little book gives an account of the char.icter and career of the remarkable
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and the expressions of elevated thought in its pages." — Journal, Indianapolis,
May 13th, 1901.
"The l>ook, besides telling the life of Sri RAmakrishna, gives an insight into some
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vitally influence India's teeming millions. If we are willing to sympathetically study
the religious views of our Aryan brethren of the Orient, we shall find them governed by
spiritual concepts in no way inferior to the highest known to ourselves, concepts which
were thought out and piactically applied by those ancient philosophers in ages so
remote as to antedate history."— A'.f/, Washington, May 13th, 1901.
Complete List of Books and Periodicals. 31
Vivekananda (Swami). — The Vedanta Philosophy. An Address
l)ef(ire the Graduale Philosophical Society of Harvard College, with Intro-
duction by Prof, C\ C. EVERETT. Price 9^. net.
Vivekananda (Swami), Pamphlets by. Price ^d, each net.
The Ideal of a Universal Religion.
The Cosmos.
The Atman.
The Keal and Apparent Man.
Bhakti Yoga.
World's Fair Addresses.
Vizianagram Sanskrit Series. Under the Superintendence of
Arthur Venis, M.A. ()\on. ; Principal, .Sanskrit College, Benares.
Various prices.
Vopadeva. — Mugdhabodha. Herausgegebcn und erklart von Otto
K«iH 11 iNc.K. Svo, jip. \iii, 465. Qj. net.
Waddell (L. Austine).— The Buddhism of Tibet or Lamaism, with
its Mystic Cults, Synil>oli»ni, and Mythology, antl in its relation to Indian
IJuddhisn. By L. Austine Waddell, M.B., F.L.S., F.R.G.S. Roy. Svo,
pp. xix, 593, cloth. With numerous Plates and Illustrations. 25J.
"This is a book which considerably extends the domain of hum.in knowledge.
Ho is the first European who, etiuipped with the resources of modern scholarship, has
jvMvtratcd the exoteric Buddhism of Til)et. '. . . . Kvory page of his closely-
printed volume contains new material ; many of his chapters are entirely new, and the
whole forms an enduring memorial of laborious original research."— T'/wrf.
Walker (E. D.). — Reincarnation. A Study of Forgotten Truth.
Svo, pp. 350, cloth. 7j. ; paper covers, 5.*-. dd. net.
Wassiljew (W.). — Der Buddhismus, seine Dog-men, Gesehichte, und
Litteratnr. Aus dem Kussischcn iibersetzt. I^rslcr Thcil. Svo, pp. xv, 380.
5/. net.
Watters (T.).-On Yuan Chwang's Travels in India, 629-645 A.D.
Kdited after his death by T. W. Rhys Davids, F.B.A., and S. W. BusHELL,
M.D., C.M.G. Svo, pp. 401, cloth. lar. net.
Werner (A.).— Zulu Exercises. Svo, pp. 51. \s, net.
West (Sir Raymond).- Higher Education in India, its Position and
Claims. Svo, pp. 61. xa. net.
Wildeboer (G.).— The Origin of the Canon of the Old Testament.
.\n Historico-Critical Kncjuiry. Translated by Wisner Bacon. Kditetl
with Preface by Prof. George F. Moore Roy. Svo, pp. xii, 1S2, cloth.
-js. ed.
" We will only add that we cordially echo the Professor's hope that his l)ook may
not only be read by professed students, but that it may come also into the hands
of such as have already left the University."— (///<//-</w».
Wilkinson (J. R.). — A Johannine Document in the First Chapter of
St. Lake's Gospel. Roy. Svo, jip. 3S, cloth. 2s. ; paper covers, i.v. (>./. not.
Winckler (H.).--The Tell-El-Amarna Letters. Transliicraiion,
Kng]i«ih Tran'ilation. Vocabulary, etc. Roy. Svo : pp. xlii, 416, and 50 pages
Indices ; cloth. 2is. net.
The same, in paper covers. 20s.
• The present work cIo«*s not aim to give the Hnal exposition of tl)e 'rcll-ol-AmAma
I>rttcr», Uii only the beginning of such exposition. The author has solved numy
<lif^icultics. "
■ • llw purpose of the vocabularies and catalogue of [)roper names is to make easy
the penetration and independent im..-^»if. iiwm of mir snhiici fUiii«( iilU m msc of
the tirsi, it was important to hit titiont.
.\ full citation of .ill the pKiccs v. . .'•."
33 Lit::ac ^ Co.
Winternitz (Dr. M.).— Catalogue of Sanskrit MSS. in the Royal
Asiatic Society's Library, with an Appendix l)y V. \V. Thomas. 8v(»,
pj). \vi, 340, 5j-, net.
Word (The). A Monthly Magazine devoted to Philosophy, Science,
Religion, Eastern Thought, Occultism, Theosophy. and the Brothcrhfxxl of
Humanity. Vol. I. Roy. 8vo. Annual subscription, Qj. net.
Wright (W.)- — The Book of Jonah in four Semitic versions —
Chaltlcc, Syriac, .l'.lhii>i)ic. and Aral)ic. With correspond inj^ Glossaries.
8vo, pp. 148, cloth. 4-v. net.
Wu-Wel. Sec Borel.
Wjrnkoop (J. D.). — Manual of Hebrew Grammar. Translated from
the Dutch by C. van dkn Hiksen. 8vo, cloth. 2j. (id. net. [Luzac's
Oriental C^rammars Series, Vol. II.]
"We have nothing but praise for tJie Rev. Wynkoop's Manual of Hebrew
Grammar. It is clear and concise ; the rules are very intellijjible. and the examples are
telling. . . . We heartily recommend this book, and congratulate Messrs. Luzac
on the style of its production." — Asiatic Quarterly Rci'ic-n.'.
Wynkoop (J. D.). — Manual of Hebrew Syntax. Translated from
the Dutch by C. VAN din 15n:si;N. Svo; pp. x\ii, 152, and Imlex ; cloth.
zs. 6d. net. [Luzac's Oriental lirammars Series, Vol. I.]
" It is a Ixjok which every Hebrew student should possess . . . wc recommend
it for general usefulness, and thank Dr. van den Hiesen for giving it to the English
reader." — Jncish \\ orld.
" It is one of those lx>oks which will Ix'come indispensable to the I'.nglish student
who w ill desire to become acquainted witli the construction of Hebrew syntax . . ,
this takes a high rank and will undoubtedly becomt; a general textbook on the subject
in many colleges and univ«isitics. "— . /w<7/Vr/// Hrhrm.' A'rrf.f.
Yatawara (J. B.).— The Ummaga Yataka. (The Story of the
Tunnel.) Translated from the Sinhalese by J. B. Vatawaka, M.C.B.R.A.S.,
Ratemahatmaya. Roy. Svo, pp. vii, 242, cloth. \os. 6d. net.
Printed by Stephen Austin &* Sons, Ltd., Hertford
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