CO
r cr>
:oo
? 0)
CD
CD
CO
m
e
z
a)
IRABIX)
READING LESSONS:
CONSISTING OF
EXTRACTS FROM THE KORAN,
AND OTHER SOURCES, GRAMMATICALLY ANALYSED
AND TRANSLATED ;
\VITH TJIE
ELEMENTS OF AEABIC GEAMMAE,
BY THE
REV. N. DAVIS, F.R.S.S.A.;
AND
MR. B. DAVIDSON,
AUTHOR, OF THE ANALYTICAL HEBREW AND CHALDEE LEXICON,
THE SYRIAC AND CHALDEE BEADING LESSONS,
AND HEBREW CONCORDANCE.
LONDON:
SAMUEL BAGSTER AND SONS,
WAREHOUSE FOR BIBLES, NEW TESTAMENTS, PRAYER BOOKS, LEXICONS,
GRAMMARS, CONCORDANCES, AND PSALTERS,
15, PATERNOSTER ROW.
riOAAAI jtxev Ovrnoit rAftTTAI, /uua 3' AOanarotciv.
ADVERTISEMENT.
IT will be observed that this little Work is properly
divided into three Parts. The first is an Elementary
Grammar ; the second, an Analytical Beading Book ; and
the third, Grammatical Exercises.
The beginner is recommended to acquaint himself with
the first eleven sections of the Grammar, taking particular
care first to obtain a thorough knowledge of the powers
of the letters. He should then commit the regular con-
jugations to memory. A moderate acquaintance with
the Grammar, thus far, will enable the learner to proceed
with the Analysis. But here he cannot too carefully
attend to the references made to the first portion of the
ADVERTISEMENT.
Work. By an adherence to this plan of study, he will
easily attain sufficient knowledge to enable him to avail
.
himself, with ease, of works which treat upon the Arabic
language more fully.
15, PATERNOSTEB Bow.
*** It is contemplated to publish the " Elements of Arabic Con-
versation," on the plan of Perrin's " Dialogues."
* I
ELEMENTS
ARABIC GRAMMAR
co oo O^HOOX^OO
CD O
n c -r; ^
r -r r ^
O
O! CCi
H
W
PQ
<d
tf
P-.
J
^
M
w
H
2 ^
rn .2
^ j- :) -
i
OOiO
O O
00 O5
OOO O OO
*-* n *- *
_, S pj ^
XX
vll
y ^-* .* ju .ju -3 J t) T
IV ELEMENTS OF ARABIC GRAMMAR.
SECT. 1. ARTICULATION OF THE LETTERS.
Most of the letters are articulated according to the
powers assigned to them in the preceding Table. The
following, however, for want of proper English equiva-
lents, require special notice :
1. \ is, like the Hebrew tf , a scarcely audible breathing
from the lungs, the spiritus lenis of the Greeks. When
it begins a word or syllable, it stands properly for the
Hamza (written thus *), and partakes somewhat of the
sound of . Alif is likewise used to lengthen the vowel a.
In the former case, we have retained Hamza in the line,
when writing Arabic with English characters, allowing
its vowel to follow; in the latter case, we have marked
the vowel , thus, a.
2. LJ is sounded like th in thumb.
3. likej in job. In some parts of North Africa it is
pronounced like the French j, or g in the word menagerie.
In other parts, as in Tripoli, it is sounded like g in
garden.
4. , represented in our Table by A, has a strong pec-
toral sound, and is to be carefully distinguished from &,
the English h in hand.
AKTICULATION OF THE LETTERS. V
5. , represented by A, is a guttural equivalent to the
Hebrew ft , or the German ch in Nach. Buck.
6. \j, s, is articulated stronger than (JM, our .simple 5.
7. jjfi, #. The manner in which the English d is
sounded at the end of the words hand, good, God, con-
veys as nearly as possible the power of this letter. In
addition to this, it is to be observed that the Arabs sound
the Dad by placing the tongue partly against the roof of
the mouth, allowing the tip of it slightly to touch the up-
per teeth, and uttering, at the same time, a pectoral sound.
8. k, t, is articulated stronger than Cl>, t, our simple t.
9. k, d. There is scarcely any difference in the sound
of this letter and that of Dad; indeed, they are often
interchanged. Some, however, pronounce it like our 2,
with a hollow sound from the throat, and others, again,
like ih in father.
10. ^. The articulation of this letter, in a great mea-
sure, resembles that produced after a severe effort made
to swallow. Being unable to assign to it an equivalent
in English, we shall retain it in the line (comp. 1, No. 1),
whether as an initial, medial, or final.
11. jj y, represents a gargling sound from the throat,
similar to that with which r is pronounced by some of
the Germans.
vi ELEMENTS OF ARABIC GRAMMAR.
12. jj, represented by ^, is pronounced by contracting
the throat, and then uttering the sound ka. The cawing
of the rook or crow resembles very nearly the sound given
to this letter by the Arabs. In some parts of Syria jj
is pronounced like tsh; in others the vowel merely at-
tached to it is sounded, and in some parts of North Africa
it is sounded simply like g in go.
SECT. 2. MODE OF WRITING ARABIC.
1. The Arabic, like most of the Oriental languages, is
written from right to left.
2. All the letters of the Alphabet are capable of being
joined to each other, so as to form one whole in the word,
with exception of these six, \ A ^ J j *-> which can
be joined to the preceding letter only. The following
specimen (recommended to be copied by the beginner)
exhibits the forms which the letters assume, according to
their various positions :
JjJ
VOWELS. vii
3. As Arabic words are not divided at the end of the
line, it is customary to write the overplus letters above
the last word, or to fill out the line by prolonging the
connection between any of the letters capable of being
joined; e.g. A * J for *uJ
SECT. 3. VOWELS.
1. The Arabs express their vowels by the three follow-
ing signs :
SHOKT VOWELS.
__ Fatha, a read a in bad.
Kasra, i ,, i in gin.
^L. Damma, u ,, u in bush.
Although there is some slight modification in the pro-
nunciation of these vowel signs ; e. g. Fatha is sometimes
pronounced like a in father, Kasra like e in bell, and
Damma like o in not (the latter of which we have occa-
sionally adopted) ; still as these are rather dialectical
peculiarities, we shall retain the equivalents given above,
which, with a slight modification of the first, are the
vowels as pronounced on the continent, and adopted here
for the sake of brevity.
Vlll ELEMENTS OF ARABIC GRAMMAR.
2. These vowels are prolonged when folio wed respec-
tively by the feeble or quiescent letters I, j, c_f, so that
we obtain, according to the following succession, the
three
LONG VOWELS:
x-
I a as b ba.
^ ~ i s #*
^ u $ bu.
NOTE. There is also a perpendicular Fatha, _L,
which indicates that \ has been omitted after it,
and must be regarded as long.
3. But when Fatha is followed either by a vowelless
j or t/, it constitutes the following two
DIPHTHONGS :
j au, as bau, pronounced like ow in how and now.
S
^ ~ ai, as ^J bai, or as ai in vain.
NOTE. L5 at the end of a word preceded by Fatha
is not pronounced, as ( J* a-/, ^j ra-ma.
SECT. 4. NUNNATION OR TEN WIN.
The above three vowel signs are sometimes written
double at the end of a word, and sounded as if followed
SYLLABLES AND OKTHOGRAPHICAL SIGNS. JX
by n. They assume the following forms : JL. aw, ~ m,
__ ow, and are technically called Tenwin Fatha, Tenwin
Kasra, Tenwin Damma. The use of the Nunnation is
confined to the reading of the Koran and poetry, and is
never employed in prose and in common life.
SECT. 5. SYLLABLES AND ORTHOGRAPHICAL
SIGNS.
1. In an Arabic syllable the consonant is always pro-
nounced before the vowel, which latter may be said to
follow the consonant, whether placed above or below the
same. There is no syllable which begins with a vowel,
like #, or with two consonants, like blow.
2. A syllable is called pure when it consists of one
consonant and a vowel, which latter may either be short
** ** / *
or long, ^', c_>, < >, \>9\j>,j* ] ^ is called mixed when
closed by another consonant ; comp. the following :
3. In the latter case the sign Jasm (or Sukun) _L_ or
JL (answering to the Hebrew Sheva quiescent) is placed
O^ C G>
over the closing consonant, as J Ian, ^ min, *& hum.
This obtains also withj and u5 when they form diph-
x-G^ S-G^
thongs, as /*y, yau-ma, ^^ zai-non.
X ELEMENTS OF AKABIC GKAMMAR.
4. A mixed syllable may be formed also without Jasm,
when the sign Tashdid, _^, is found placed over the
closing consonant, by which the latter is doubled (the
55 ^
Hebrew Dagesh forte) ; e. g. c- a kaf-fa. This sign is
either Tashdid characteristic, employed to construct a
^/ ^^^
new form, as J-u, from J-u ; Tashdid compensative, to
55^
compensate for a letter which is omitted, as Jj qal-la,
for Jls ; or Tashdid euphonic, to prevent harshness of
sound.
5. Hamza, L or ~, accompanies the vowel of Alif when
' <
this letter begins a syllable, as ^^>\ *an-ta. Hamza may,
f.
however, also be found over I without a vowel, and then
** ^5-x^
it simply indicates that Alif is radical, as ^b ya-ma-na.
^s-^
This sign is sometimes found instead of \ , as J-^j yas-
^ ^o ^
s-a-lu, for J^>. . Hamza found withj and uf denotes that
' $-> ~> S.S- ^
these are placed instead of 1 ; thus, ^jJ yu-mi-na; Afe\
s-a-ba-s-i-kum, in which latter case the diacritic points of
c_ are usually omitted.
6. Wasla, :, is placed over \ at the beginning of a
word, to indicate that this letter is to be passed over
in the pronunciation, and the one following it to be pro-
DIVISION OF LETTERS. XI
nounced with the last vowel of the preceding word ; e. g.
^ -51-0 sss
^jj jj 1 jS& ka-fa-ra 'l-la-dzl-na.
7. Madda, ji., is put over \ to show that another I has
been omitted after it, as jj^ 1 *d-ma-na, for j*^H . This
mark is also placed over \ followed by Hamza, to show
its quiescence in, and prolongation of, a preceding Fatha,
Sf~^^
as *U~j sa-ma-*on. It is finally used, also, as a sign of
*- S <j ^
abbreviation; e.g. , for '-*>- jam-zon, plural.
SECT. 6. DIVISION OF LETTERS.
1. The letters of the Arabic alphabet are chiefly divided,
according to the organs of speech by which they are
enounced, into
1. Gutturals * d c ^- \
2. Labials j /* u-? c_j
3. Palatals ^ cJ j
4. Linguals ^Ju^uL^^Jj^
5. Dentals la L j J clj CL>
Letters of the same organs are frequently interchanged
Xll ELEMENTS OF ARABIC GRAMMAR.
2. Into the (so called) solar* and lunar letters. To
the former belong the linguals and dentals, by which the
article (q. v.) is seriously affected ; the remainder are all
lunar letters.
3. The letters 1, j, t/ are called feeble or quiescent
letters. (1) They become, quiescent when they are pre-
ceded by a homogeneous vowel, or a vowel related to
them in the pronunciation, and the vowel is thereby
lengthened ; but after a heterogeneous vowel they form
a diphthong. (Comp. Sect. 5, Nos. 2, 3.) (2) The diph-
thong is often avoided by the heterogeneous letter giving
place to the one which is homogeneous with the preceding
S *~ JO^ S^ S^^
vowel ; e. g. j\A a dwelling, forj-> J ; j\j Jire, forjjJ.
SECT. 7. PECULIARITIES OF J AND ^
1. When any of the solar letters (Sect. 6, No. 2) is
<*
preceded by the article J \ the, J is then passed over,
and the solar letter following it is doubled by Tashdid,
* Because the words /.^^-l sun, and .*$ moon, severally begin
with one of these letters.
QUANTITY OF SYLLABLE AND PLACE OF TONE, xiii
and pronounced with the vowel preceding Lam ; e. g.
^ O^ S.
(j^4oLl \ iash-sham-so, the sun. This obtains, also, when
the prefix ^ is attached to the article and \ is dropped,
G tf
as ^^^^u^JJ lish-sham-si, to the sun.
2. In respect to ^ the following rules are to be ob-
served :
() ^) before cy is sounded like > ; e.g.j^xc s-am-ba-ron.
(b) Before the rest of the letters, except the gutturals,
^ -'OjC.
^ receives a nasal sound ; e. g. Jj-^ sang-za-la.
(c) ^ is not pronounced before any of the letters j, <_
w -53 "
(*' j? J? which are then doubled by Tashdid, as <--^ ^
mir-rab-U.
' G ^ O
(c?) Before U the u of ^ q/*, and ^ from, is dropped,
-5" x- ' <^ s-
and * receives Tashdid, thus U*c for t (j^.
SECT. 8. QUANTITY OF THE SYLLABLE, AND
PLACE OF THE TONE.
1. A syllable is long when it has a long vowel (Sect.
s - s ^
3, No. 2), as ^V 1 ^ di-bd-jon,jj> nu-ron.
2. Words of two syllables have the tone on the first, as
S o ,-
raj-zon.
xiv ELEMENTS OF ARABIC GRAMMAR.
3. Those of more than two syllables have the tone on
^ **(^s~
the anti-penultima, as < *-r^j. ya'd-ru-bu ; excepting when
the penultima has a long vowel, for then this takes the
s~ L> ^
tone; e.g. i^+^-j rah-md'-ni.
4. Mixed syllables (which are long by position) take
GJ O ^ ^
the tone, as *jJ-xJ qa-tal-tum . In this example stress
is put on the last two syllables, but the chief tone rests on
the penultima.
5. In words joined by Wasla, the connecting vowel,
namely, the last of the preceding word, is to be accented ;
& -a o ^ ^ ~o ^
e.g. *UI *-UAJ bis-mi V-la-hi, (j^/^ ^ mi-na T-kd-Ji-
ri-na.
SECT. 9. CIPHERS.
Besides the use of the letters of the alphabet to express
numbers (see the Table), the following, called the Indian
ciphers, are in more common use. They are written from
left to right.
1234567890
\ r r P c i v A ^ ^
E.g. !*cr 1852.
THE VERB. ACTIVE VOICE. XV
SECT. 10. THE VERB.
The generality of Arabic verbs consist of three radical
letters, which are most distinctly exhibited in the 3rd
pers. sing. masc. of the preterite ; this, therefore, is re-
garded as the root of the verb, and the ground- form in
each conjugation. There are thirteen forms or species of
conjugation (most of them having their passives), and every
verb may be inflected according to one or more of them.
The first of these is regarded as the primitive conjugation,
and the rest as derivatives of the same. The following is
a specimen of the first or primitive regular conjugation,
from which the moods and tenses will become apparent.
SECT. 11. ACTIVE VOICE.
PRETERITE.
3 masc. 3 fern. 2 masc. 2 fern. 1 com.
Sing.
Plur.
Dual
XVI ELEMENTS OF ARABIC GRAMMAR.
FUTURE.
3 masc. 3 fern. 2 masc. 2 fern. 1 com.
Sing. JjJb Jjjtf
Plur.
Dual
Sing.
Plur.
Dual
IMPERATIVE.
2maac. -2 fern.
2 com.
JUS?
INFINITIVE.
&AJ
PARTICIPLE.
masc. fern.
PASSIVE VOICE.
PRETERITE.
3 masc. 3 fern. 2 masc. 2 fern. 1 com.
Sing.
Sing. Jj
FUTURE.
etc.
etc.
PARTICIPLE.
masc. fern.
THE VEEB. XV11
REMARKS.
1. The forms given in the Paradigm, according to
which the vowels of the second radical of the preterite is
" t and that of the imperative and future - ? are the
usual ones for transitive verbs. There are, however, also
forms in which the second radical in the preterite is either
~ or - j in which case the verbs are intransitive ;* e. g.
~j to rejoice, J-*^ to be handsome. The latter form
^-^ j .-O^
their future generally with _^; e. g. ^yb : but also with
~7, as ^jjuu^so, from jj-***>- to be fair. The futures are
pointed out and designated, in the lexicon, by fut 0,
fut. A, fut. I.
2. Verbs whose second radical in the future has either
__ or "7, form their imperatives with T~ , under the pros-
X*C S S
thetic Alif, instead of __ ; e. g. Ac! know, from Ac.
3. Besides the form of the future given in the Para-
digm, there are also
(1) The apocopated future, so called because that the
last letter which, in the ordinary future, has _. takes here
JL., and ^ is dropped in those forms in which it is the
final letter, except in the 2nd and 3rd plur. fern., where
O jO j >0^ *,<s s
it is retained ; e. g. JX \ instead of J^s 1, ( Jj2-> instead
oO s
of (1 ^^.
* See Note, John 23 (0, p. 95.
XV111 ELEMENTS OP ARABIC GRAMMAR.
(2) The so-called nasbated* future. This future has
_!. with the last radical, wherever the ordinary one has _i_,
x-
and rejects the final ^ and ^ in the dual and plur. masc.
forms.
(3) The future paragogic is characterised by ^ with
G
Tashdid (sometimes with Jasm, <j) added to all the per-
sons, and is preceded by \ in the 2nd and 3rd plur. fern. ;
4 ^o w ^o^o^
e. g. 1 com. sing, ^p-^, 2 fern. plur. ^
NOTE. The apocopated future is used after the
o ^ "& ^ x-
particles *J not, U! not yet, ^ not, and J that,
when the same has a prohibitory or an imperative
signification. Also in hypothetical sentences,
and when the imperative is followed by a verb
^ G jo o^o^
in the future ; e. g. C^zJ \ ^^ \ assist me,
and I shall assist thee. . This future is also used
o
when the following particles precede it : ^1 if,
^ Ox- SS. ^O^
U what, ^ who, <js\ who, U^* as often as,
^o^ ^^o ^
in what manner, ^\ and Uo-Xs^ where,
^ ^ ^ *> ^
UJ1, jjlj! when, \4\ if.
* On account of its receiving Fatha, which is likewise called
Nasba.
THE VEKB. XIX
The nasbated future lias, generally speaking,
a subjunctive signification, and is used after the
o ^
particles J not, J that (but not when this par-
ticle converts the future into the imperative),
oj o ,- o It
,J that, ,_ that, and the compound ..jU,
^v ,^ x
^o^ "i.^ -35^
IA, ill, LJ m orcfer that, etc. Also after
". x/-> ^^
and ! j! in the sense of behold! , JU- w?z^7,
,* "
s in the sense of so that ; e. g. perse-
." ^ s / ^
cute him not, LLXL^jJ 50 #Aif 7ie perish, q. d. lest
he perish ; and after j following words which
signify command, wish, prohibition, etc.
The last future is employed in questions,
commands, wishes, swearing, threatening, etc.
SECT. 12.
The above exhibition (Sect. 11) of the primitive, or
first conjugation, shows the mode of attaching the afforma-
tives and preformatives to the root of the verb. Nearly
upon the same scale are they attached in the derived
conjugations. In the following representation of the
whole THIRTEEN we need, therefore, only give the lead-
ing form of the mood and tense in each.
XX
ELEMENTS OF AKABIC GRAMMAR.
'I 'J -i '
% & -%
I s ' 3 s '
. tj. ^
\ ^
N I3 ? i * -> ? i
_^j- x v : 3 x J3 : 3 N
-
VIEW OF THE THIRTEEN CONJUGATIONS. XXI
*
' : 3 : ' : B :
*i
it > * '5 '5 '5
*jt tJ ?3- "i ' s l
^5 -H M =s ^v '-3> x
O :) o 3 O !) O :) O :)
v=3" /1< 5* ^ -^
t!*^) 3* X ^ O* t) 1 ^)
rl
J^ Jfe J%
.o : ) o : ) o : )
%5 % o N i, N , ^
H:
H
N
xxii ELEMENTS OF ARABIC GRAMMAR.
SECT. 13. EXPLANATION OF THE THIRTEEN
CONJUGATIONS.
I. The primitive, oijirst conjugation (* J^>) contains the
simple primary signification of the verb, whether transi-
tive or intransitive.
^^^
II. The second conjugation (J^), with Tashdid upon
the second radical, is intensitive, or adds intensity to the
signification expressed by \\\Q first ; e. g. to break, and to
dash in pieces. It makes the intransitive signification
transitive, or it designates the allowing, requesting, or
commanding of that which the verb of thejfirst conjuga-
tion signifies, or also the declaring and estimating of its
being that.
III. The third conjugation ( J^') expresses reciprocity ;
e. g. to beat, and to beat one another, or tojight.
"<,*.
IV. The fourth conjugation ( JAJJ \) has a causative signi-
^-* x-^C^
fication ; e. g. **b to eat, **b \ to cause to eat, to feed.
* The primary meaning of this verb, which should have been
indicated in the preceding Table, is to meet, come to. meet, to accept,
admit.
EXPLANATION OF THE CONJUGATIONS. XX111
^Zs'
v. The fifth conjugation (J^iu) is either passive or re-
flexive of the secewc?.
vi. The sixth conjugation (JjlSJ) the same as the third,
of which it is also occasionally used as a passive.
VII. The seventh conjugation (JjJOl) has either ft pas-
sive or reflexive signification.
REM. When the first radical happens to be Nun,
the characteristic ^ is compensated by Tashdid ;
e. g. r^jJ to bark, makes *uj! instead of *J*ti\.
*
VIII. The eighth conjugation (JjJol) is either passive
or reflexive of the first conjugation.
REM. 1. When the first radical is one of the letters
(j, ^0, IP, 1?, then j between the first and second,
radical is changed to 1? ; e. g. ^i* to suit, becomes
^ ^ ^ i
in this conjugation ^JJo*! : but the last two are
also sometimes substituted by Tashdid ; e. g. c-^ljs
to seek, is in this conjugation v_JJA
2. When the first radical is j , the characteristic
CU of this conjugation is changed into t>, thus
XXIV ELEMENTS OF ARABIC GRAMMAR.
sssl, sss-<s
(J^4)\ for <ji^ The cu may also be substituted
by _r_, as <J^. In this last manner is the CL>
likewise compensated, when the first radical is
^ ^ S SS^
either cU, J, or 3 ; e. g. c^oo! for
IX. The ninth conjugation (JjJJl) is used in the descrip-
*^ o *
tion of colours ; e. g. j*=\ to be red.
s s<~>s O
x. The tenth conjugation (J-xaJLsl) expresses wzsA, or
desire, for that which is contained in the primitive form ;
^ ^ ^o^c
e. g. JLB. to know, +bl~i\ to desire to know.
& s<s
XI. The eleventh conjugation ( J Uj 1 ) is, in force of signi-
fication, like the ninth.
s ^OxO ^ ^i^O
The twelfth ( JjjjJl) and thirteenth conjugations
are rarely used, and add intensity to the signification
contained in the^rstf conjugation.
SECT. 14. QUADRILITERALS.
Quadriliteral verbs have only four forms, which are
conjugated nearly in the same manner as the triliteral
verbs. The characteristics of these forms will appear from
the following Table :
QUADRILITERALS.
ACTIVE.
x- - C x- *<**'* OOx-
I. Pret. J-^svsj- fut. J^sss^, imp. J*a*y?
.5 O x- *> S ' O
part. (JJUgcfe* infin. JU.
II. Pret. iJ^sv^jJ' etc.
xxv
s- s O ^ O
III. Pret. AJksss! etc.
IV. Pret. JA^SJ-I etc.
^
PASSIVE.
^ G
SECT. 15. IRREGULAR VERBS.
SURD VERBS
Are such whose second and third radical are alike;
they are conjugated according to this example :
PRETERITE OF THE FIRST FORM.
3 mase. 3 fern. 2 rnasc. 2 fern. 1 com.
Sing. t J
Dual U IJUl
Plur. U
* to reprove.
to collect.
XXVI ELEMENTS OF ARABIC GRAMMAR.
The future is *w, or J^, or A*. The imperative is
kll, or also *J ; the infinitive *J, the participle U).
REM. The derivative forms which have a charac-
teristic Tashdid (viz., n., v., IX., XI., xin.) are
conjugated regularly; the rest according to the
above example.
SECT. 16. IRREGULAR VERBS,
Whose 1st, 2nd, or 3rd radical is one of the letters
^i J \'
In consequence of the feebleness of these letters, the
inflexion of the verbs, in which they are found, is seriously
affected. Their peculiarities will be best ascertained from
the following Paradigms :
IRREGULAR VERBS.
XXV11
l":
r^ i 4 A v i
13 r ^3 ;
a* >^3
I N^j
MM -""^
3
a N ^
3 v*^
3
V ; f
*H
i^i-
>K
N 3
-Jh
^
i o
1 :) \ U M 1 \ \ I>
; 1iH ;: >:}
'1
ja r-S o V * ?
n jf i;t :}
?1
a O
1 v -?
2 J J
1 x
i-H <M
CO
CO
QO
Oi
XXV111
ELEMENTS OF AKABIC GRAMMAR.
The same as the second feminine.
if
\ J- \
The same as the third feminine.
GO
Oi
IRREGULAR VERBS.
XXIX
. -3- ^_3 v _5> \
T x ~^ x ^ NtA
<> ^> tl<A J : *) >J ">
Jfc ^_ *>
XXX ELEMENTS OF ARABIC GRAMMAR.
PASSIVES OF THE PRINCIPAL DERIVATIVE FORMS.
PRETERITE.
1. Pass. J$, HI. Form, Jl; Pass. Jt, IV. J1j Pass.
cW, vm. J&^j Pass, J&jt.
' s>
2. Pass. /*#, II. Form, M*JJ ; Pass. i>**^, III. (jw*b;
Pass, (j**-^, viii. (jwjl; Pass.
t ~ * Z'A $'^ z~<.
3. Pass. Ito, IV. Form, Llfci ; Pass. ^^ vn. Lx^
X.
^ ^ ^ ^s- _ ^ 5
4. Pass. Ll^, IV. Form; cl^yl; Pass. t^l, vm.
Pass. c^l.
5. Pass. JjJi, II. Form, Jy ; Pass. Jj5, iv. JUI ; Pass.
J-xil, VIII. JUjl ; Pass. Jjoo^.
^
^ * ^ ^ ^ x-^O ^O
6. Pass, t.5;^, iv. Form, t_f^^; VII. ^s'J^\\ vm. ^jJ^^J
7. Pass.^>, iv. Form,^jJ; Pass, y-^1, vm.
Pass. j^J\.
IRREGULAR VERBS. XXXI
8. Pass. jA;, ii. Form, ^^ ; rv.jLs! ; Pass.^x-^, vn.
9. Pass, ^z+j, II. Form, ^j ; Pass, ^y*;, IV.
1, vn. L<vh VIII. ,<^j^; Pass.
FUTURE.
j^ij o _ i ^. v^ V.AJ
1. Pass. J^>, II. Form, J^J ; III. J^W ; IV. J^-j ;
. vi. -u; vm.
J^Oj OM,^^ . x> O
2. ^wl^J, II. Form, (j++J. ; m. (j^>^4 ; IV.
^* * x'O^
vm. (j^Jv..
i^Oo ^.^o
3. Pass. JA^., ii. Form, ^-tf. ; in.
** X'w* ^* w*^^>
4. Pass. <^ji, n. Form, tl^ ; iv. <^y-> ; VIII. <-i-^HV..
5. Pass. Jlw, II. Form, Jyv. ; iv. JjJu ; vni.
^O j ,^ j O ^
6. Pass. c_j*J, II. Form, cj*J ; IV. jjfjaj ; VIII. c5j^..
7. Pass.^-j^, ii. Form,j-uuJj ; iv.^jJ ; vni. j-u*x>.
8. Pass. jLu->, ii. Form, -Xtuj ; rv.^-J*^; VIII.
9. Pass. ji Ht II. Form, ^J ; IV. J ; VIII.
XXX11 ELEMENTS OF ARABIC GRAMMAR.
SECT. 17. THE ARTICLE.
ut
1. The Arabic language lias but one article, Jl, a/,
the, which is neither affected by number, gender, or case.
It is not only prefixed to the noun, but also to the adjec-
jO ^G-0 j o & S.
tive connected with it ; e. g. j& \ J^J \ , ar-ra-ju-lu
'l-ka-bi-ru, the great man.
2. The noun is, besides, made definite by suffixes being
attached to it, or by a noun in the genitive case following,
in which case no article is required ; e. g. L/J^ da-rl,
my house, ^^\ /*# yau-mu'd-dl-ni, the day of judgment.
3. When the noun with suffix is followed by an ad-
j ^O~O
jective, the latter receives the article ; e. g. +&v&\ ,J^
I ** ^ Sr ^"^
dl-ni 'l-za-'di-mu, my great debt.
4. Proper names do not receive the article.
5. The influence the solar letters exercise upon the
article, see Sect. 7.
SECT. 18. THE NOUN.
The Arabic noun consists either of the radical letters
only, being modified by the vowel, or it is augmented by
others, which are either prefixed, as /, cu, I, or affixed,
**.
ae c^, I, j^Vifl. or inserted, as cf. j, ^
GENDER OF NOUNS. XXX111
SECT. 19. GENDER OF NOUNS.
The noun is either masculine, feminine, or common.
There is no particular termination in the form of the last
to distinguish it from the others.
Of the feminine gender are
1. Nouns naturally feminine, irrespective of their
terminations, as *\ mother.
* O
2. The names of towns and countries, asy^ Egypt,
** /,- o
l)l^X*i Ispahan.
3. Those members of the body which consist of two,
S O? JO/
as ^\ an ear, ^ji a horn.
4. All nouns which end (a) in * . This termination
added to a masculine noun converts it into a feminine ; (b)
f~ f~^ O
in f ! , as ^^5 pride; (c) in ^j , in which ^j is mute
s ^ /o ^
(see Sect. 3, 3 note) ; e. g. jj&~> a drunkard, <)** a
drunken woman.
5. Nouns not having the endings given in No. 4, are
either masculine or common, with the exception of a few
which are feminine, and can only be learned by practice.
There are some, also, with a feminine termination, but
are of masculine gender.
XXXIV ELEMENTS OF ARABIC GRAMMAR.
SECT. 20. NUMBER AND CASE.
. 1. The noun is either in the singular, dual, or plural
number, designated for dual by j^ , and for the plural
' S
by ^ masculine, cul '^L feminine.
2. The cases are specified in the singular by the three
Ten wins (Sect. 4), viz. Damma JL for the nominative,
Kasra ~ for the genitive and dative, and Fatha (with
1 _. in the masc.) ^_ for the accusative. The dual changes,
o
in the oblique cases, the nominative ^\ _^_ into ^ __ ;
the plural changes the nominative ^ into ^ in the masc.,
and the ci^l into cu! .
^
MASCULINE. FEMININE.
SINGULAR.
Nom. J^Tj a w-CM- <Ujls midwife.
Gen. Dat. Abl.
Accus. iUr <LLU
DUAL.
-"* ** -^
Nom. ,.t\brj
Oblique cases. i^^Tj ^-^^
NUMBER AND CASE. XXXV
MASCULINE. FEMININE.
PLURAL.
Norn.
Oblique cases.
3. To express the vocative, the particle u oh ! is placed
before the noun, which usually receives the sign of the
<# ^ ^ ^
accusative ; e. g. "^rj \-* t oh man ! Sometimes the noun
receives the Damma, especially in proper names, or in
appellatives which have the article; e. g. *J>! l> h Adam !
^ -~o ^
jjwUl 1 1; oh ye men ! But when the noun is accompanied
G ss s
by the prefix J , it takes the genitive, as J^jJ b oh ! help
(
or assistance for Zaid.
REMAKE.
st ss.
1. The following six nouns, viz. <>! father, \
S' S ' S '
brother, *J mouth, *=>- father-in-law, ^ thing,
and jJ possessor, receive, before a genitive, or the
suffixes, the feeble letters ,5, j , ^ instead of the
<*' -* V " 1
mere vowels; e. g. <&j \ the father of Zaid, ^\
x- O ^
my father, <Uo-j ^J of the merciful, literally, of
the possessor of mercy.
XXXVI ELEMENTS OF ARABIC GRAMMAR.
2. Some nouns have only two signs for the desig-
nation of cases (diptota) viz. _. for nominative,
and ^. for the oblique, cases. Of this class are (1)
nouns of the form J+s 1 ; e. g. j*&~\ red, j^=^
greater, in the oblique cases ^*>J>^.x=l ; (2) ad-
jectives ending in ^\^L; e.g. ^^^ angry*, (3)
feminines ending in \ ; e. g. \jj~o a yellow (woman) ;
(4) the names of countries, cities, villages, moun-
tains, rivers, and persons, ,-A* , <CC ,
3. Nouns retaining the same termination throughout
all the cases (monoptota) are (1) feminines ending
^O ^ ^ s
in c/~; e.g. c/^, c?;Uytf ; (2) nouns termi-
nating in \^_, ^, and properly the result
<f- ' Ss ^ ^ ^ S ^ ^
of a contraction ; e. g. l^c for^ac, ^^-j for ^>-j,
f \j for ^.\j.
4. Some nouns borrow their plural from a singular
s-i s ^ti
which has become obsolete ; e. g. <%', pi. ci
J^i Jx- 5 xo .? ^
from <u! ; j, pi. yljjl, from y.
ADJECTIVE. XXXV11
SECT. 21. IRREGULAR PLURALS, OR PLURALES
FRACTI.
Besides the regular plural terminations given above,
there are twenty-eight irregular forms, which are more
commonly used than the regular. They are the follow-
S s*t TGv S-C Jjv &^ <T --
ing: 1 JJS, 2 JI3 (JJo), 3 JI5, 4 JJ3, 5 JUS,
, 7 JI3, 8 JUo, 9 iIS, 10 OJo, 11
S'-'O 5-00^ 5-^0^ 5-^ oi 8
12 ilia, 13 JIsl, 14 JttSt, 15 iJJjl, 16
17 ^te, 18 ^UIS, 19 ^ilii', 20 ^UjJ, 21 *UJ3l,
^O^ ^^ ^ ^x- 5 1 ^ J?^ --
22 ^^Ui, 23 JUo, 24 JUo, 25 JjJS, 26
Jx- x- Jx-X-
27 ilU5, 28 JJo.
SECT. 22. ADJECTIVE.
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES.
The adjective, in respect to form and inflexion, attaches
itself to the noun, so that we have to notice here merely
its mode of comparison, which is effected by prefixing 1
s ^ ' * ' ^s-
to the form of the positive ; e. g. ( j^=^ handsome, ^*w**i
handsomer, the nunnation being dropped. The com-
XXXV111 ELEMENTS OF ARABIC GRAMMAR.
parative is followed by ^ ; e. g. J^j ^ ^z\ richer
^ O ^^Gf.
than Zaid, cXx* ^a\ wiser than thou. It is also to be
<? $ ~o ^ ^ G X
found without ^.j* ; e.g. (j*Ui! jj-uxs.-! the best of men.
o
^ and other particles occasionally take the place of ^ ;
OxO-O Jx'O^
e. g. <^js^^ ^ j\>&\ the most famous in battle.
pers. masc.
1
<*
THE PRONOUNS.
SECT. 23. PERSONAL PRONOUN.
SEPARATE.
SING.
fern.
DUAL.
UJul
PLURAL.
thou.
he, she.
you two.
they two.
we.
ye.
they.
INSEPARABLE, OR
SUFFIXES.
SING.
masc. com. fern.
cJ
DUAL.
u
PLUKAL.
*- w*
tf
cJ
PERSONAL PRONOUN. XXxix
REMARKS.
1. The suffixes are attached alike to the noun and
verb, as L5 jls qal-li, my heart; &1& ki-ta-bu-hu,
^^(s^s-
his book ; <uUj qa-tal-tu-hu, I have slain him ;
with this exception, that with the verb the 1st
^O^ s
pers. sing, is ^y, instead of c/~; e.g. ^e&j*
'da-rab-ta-m, tliou didst strike me.
** .**<>
2. When Kasra or Ya precede the suffixes *, Uj&,
(^ ^* & * ~^
<^, and jfc, their _j^ is changed to T; e. g. ^Jj,
3. The suffix of the 1st pers. sing., when attached
to a word which terminates with a quiescent \ , the
^ <* ^
tj 1 becomes u ; e. g. U^ .a-san, with this suffix
^Loc. za-sa-ya, my stick ; but when a quiescent
t_ precedes it, the two Yas coalesce, which is indi-
cated by a Tashdid compensative ; e. g. ^*z be-
Qs ^ -Six-
comes JLC za-lay-ya, ^ J t s.i-lay-ya, to me, etc.
xl ELEMENTS OF AKABIC GRAMMAR.
SECT. 24. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
SINGULAR.
^ s. s
Masc. !J (>!J <u! J) this.
Fern. .J, <tf, j-^, UVitf*, ur^' ^ ^'
. x ^ xx x TV x x xx
DUAL.
x w x 0--,0-'
Masc. Norn. ^J (^ J ) ^ en * ^ cc< c^. J (<J^^)
s- ~ ^ Ox Ox
Fern. Norn, jjj ((j;^) Gen. Ace. ^J (^.^3) these two.
PLURAL.
x ; x 5 x >-
Com. >Sj! , jtjl , or J masc., (JJ fern.
. To the pronoun demonstrative the suffix of
the 2nd pers. is frequently attached ; e. g. instead
of I J we find cJt3 Mw, or there (\s) for you, nearly
corresponding to our vulgar phrase, there is a man
for you ! more fully C^Xl J i. q. the Hebrew 'J? ^I
A x is also frequently prefixed to this pronoun, as
!JJb, ^JJb, ^.Afi>. From these observations it be-
comes evident that, properly, J alone is the de-
monstrative pronoun.
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS. xli
SECT. 25.-RELATIVE PRONOUNS.
SINGULAR.
Masc. t/ *x! 1 (sometimes ^33 , ii 1 1 * ' )
Fern. ^^J \ (sometimes L^-
DUAL.
Masc.
Fern.
PLURAL.
Masc. g>H
Fern. ^Ui (sometimes ^JftjUt,
SECT. 26. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS.
O '
Of persons, ^ who ? which ?
Of things, U what? which thing?
REM. These interrogative pronouns are frequently
used as simple relative pronouns ; e. g. ^ the
same who, I* that which.
s SINGULAR.
Masc. yj?'
5 'j- ^ which? what? what sort of one?
Fem. <o 1 J
* wAo, which, that.
xlii ELEMENTS OF ARABIC GRAMMAR.
DUAL.
^
Masc.
nom. ; the other cases
Fern.
PLURAL.
' **'
Masc. ...w! '<-
r ' T nom ' *^ e ot her cases L^^.
em - "
REM. 1. This pronoun is construed like the sub-
stantive, and has the genitive following it ; e. g.
f J S. *$
Jjf-j i_f\ which man 9 c->U^ ^\ which book ?
&Z o < ^
2. u^l with the interrogative pronouns ^^ and U ;
O ,-3$ s^f.
e. g. w^4J[l whoever, Ug! whatever, masc., and
fern.
SECT. 27. RECIPROCAL PRONOUN.
This pronoun is expressed by the words \j& and
spirit, person; e. g. <U*JO *J^ ^e ^TZOW^ himself,
J ^ * X- -'-'
a ^? x > J^ ^ g At'/ferf himself. Occasionally this pronoun
s '. '
is expressed by the word ci^J ; e. g. *Jf\ J ,y within
. X
NUMERALS.
xliii
SECT. 28. NUMERALS.
The numerals are either cardinals or ordinals, the
former are from 1 to 10, of two genders, viz.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
CARDINALS.
fern.
x- x- O S
rtf
s
t*-
y ..... i ! t t
ORDINALS.
masc. fern.
&
C/**-^
Ax~i\j
2. The cardinals from 10 to 19 are compounded of
units and the numeral f- for the masc., and ^Ac or
xliv ELEMENTS OF AKABIC GRAMMAR.
s ^ <* ^s ^ ' * ". ^stj
i^Ac for the fern. ; e. g. jA& t\>-l 11, masc., iy
11, fern.
3. The numerals from 20 to 90 have plural forms, and
," - s ^.0
are of common gender ; e. g. yi^ 10 becomes \j$jZ*z 20,
S o ^ * o
^**J 9 becomes ^.jj****? 90. These are likewise used as
ordinals. The intermediate numbers, viz., 21, 22, etc.,
are composed by placing the units first, and joining the
decimals to them by the conj unction j, thus
NOM. GEff. ACC.
^ ^0 ^ ,? ^ ^ C^ ^^ <^^^
masc.
fern. u^J> *J (JLf*> l^J
sj *
4. The rest of the numerals, >U 100, ^U^U 200,
j * ' ^ j O >
llj 300, X)U u ,^^ 500, etc. The thousands are
s^ ^
formed in the same manner; e. g. <-Jl 1 1000, jjU) \ 2000,
^ ; <v - o^ ^/"
3000, uJlii ^As 10,000, ujsl! U 100,000,
j! 400,000.
ADVERBS. xlv
PARTICLES.
Under this appellation are comprised the adverbs, pre-
positions, conjunctions, and interjections, all of which
are indeclinable. The first three consist either of separate
words, or of mere prefixes. The former belong rather to
the lexicon than to the grammar, so that the latter only
will be noticed here. They are
SECT. 29. ADVERBS.
- -
1. 1 is an interrogative particle; e.g. c^'U! has he
died? Occasionally it is employed to designate the
^ ^ **
vocative ; e. g. u- c-^o \ oh Joseph !
2. (JM is added to the verb to designate that it is un-
- j O s s
mistakably in the future tense ; e. g. Jjou-a he shall slay.
The (jw is, properly speaking, an abbreviation of < Jj-j
future.
3. J is an affirmative adverb, especially when ^1 is
put before the person or thing, respecting which some-
S ^ .^Gx- O tf
thing is affirmed ; e. g.^J JJiJ jJoJ ^\ for Alexander is
surely powerful. In a conditional sentence, beginning
xlvi ELEMENTS OP ARABIC GRAMMAR.
G-' s<~* '
with jJ if, or j^J if not, it answers to the antecedent ;
<^ss-' ^ ^ >J O s O^
e. g. e^ixsJ \ JJ& L^-vdx. jj Ae? I known this, then I would
have done it. J is also put for J when aid is called for,
is" ^
as JojJ \j 0A7 help for Zaid. The 1 of the article is drop-
nji x'U- *&
ped when J precedes it; e.g. JhaaD <til zV is
SECT. 30. PREPOSITIONS.
1. 4_-j toi/^; e. g.^-*-y f^ u * g " l *M I have eaten bread
with dates. It is also used as a particle of swearing ; e. g.
~^"O ^
<dJb by God! After \6\ behold, it indicates the object of
attention, as J^^^ \6\ behold, the men! Finally, it
subserves to the construction of many verbs.
^ &~as'
2. cu. A particle of swearing, as <d! LJ by God!
3. cJ. A particle of comparison, as Js*-^ Me a maw.
<#
When it is attached to 1 J, then it signifies tfAws; and when
connected with U, then it becomes a comparative adverb,
. ^5-o ^* <x
as yU)1 jj^! Ui M<? others believe.
4. J the sign of the dative ; e. g. < ^1 ^o ^Ae Lord. It
also signifies /or, because of, on account of, etc.
CONJUNCTIONS. xlvii
5. To the above may be added 9 and /*, or more pro-
O s O
perly ^ of, and ^ from, the letter ^ being dropped,
as U* for I* ^ , and U* for t jj-^ . See Sect. 7 (c?).
HEM. 1. It will be observed, from the examples
given above, that these prepositions, as also most
of the separable ones, govern chiefly the genitive
case.
2. The prepositions <>, cJ, and J are also joined
O j s
with the suffix pronouns ; e. g. Jo in you, C-
like thee, /*J to them.
SECT. 31. CONJUNCTIONS.
1. j a?z</, #Zs0. It also signifies with,
j O tf
prince came with the army. It likewise de-
notes swearing, as <*U lj Jy God!
*
2. uJ a/zc?, then, therefore, so
ARABIC
READING LESSONS.
JOSHUA VI.
x j C'S' x Ox OjC-J x x J J'S' ~O x- x x
U^l* e^*L/ jJ e ^ d t-i^J' *LM 6 JUJ a
Jericho delivered-bave-I already ,Behold ,Joshua-to God said- And
VERSE 1.
fa-qa-la, conj. t-J, awe?, before pret. 3 pers. masc. sing.,
Conj. I., from Jl5 irr., 16, No. 5.
b (faqala} 'l-la-hu. This and the preceding word are to be
connected in the pronunciation, which is indicated by Wasla
over Alif of the second word ( 5, No. 6). For this reason
the preceding word is here repeated, the last syllable of which
is not to end in /a, but lal, and the consonant terminating this
syllable, viz. the initial letter of the second word, is marked
S '
with an apostrophe, 7. The name of God is properly *J i , but
^^s.
in order to distinguish the true God, the form <u) i is used
(probably from the time of Mohammed), which includes the
5
50 VI. v. 1. JOSHUA. VI. v. 1.
.valour-) (-of giants (are) they-and ,hands-thy in Mng-her-and
<-
article J 1 , contrary to the rules of grammar, according to
^x- G
which the word should be 4Ju1.
&
NOTE. The Tanwin, or Tenwin, is displaced by Damma
whenever (as is the case here) the article is prefixed
to the word.
c li-yu-sha-a, pr. n. with the J to governing the dative.
^ x' s*
d un-dur, imp. masc. sing., Conj. 1, from^laJ to see.
e qad, a particle used before verbs signifying, with the
preterite, already, long ago, certainly, etc. : with the present
or future, sometimes, now and then.
f sal-lam-tu, pret. 1 pers. sing., Conj. II., from J~J to be
entire, whole, safe.
9 la-rl-ha, pr. name.
h iva-ma-li-ka-ha, conj. j before subst. sing., C^L*, with
suff. u> 3 pers. fern. sing. fi, prep.
* ya-dai-ka, subst. pi. with suff., 2 pers. masc. sing., from
5- S o^
^ (for t^V.)-
1 wa-hum, conj. j before pers. pron. 3 pers. masc. pi.
ja-bd-bi-ra-tu, subst. pi. irr. or fractus ( 21), from
j^^~ R- j^T to be firm; Tanwin displaced by Damma before
a noun in the genitive, comp. (5) note.
^
ft 'l-ba-sa-la-ti, the article J 1 (I of which is elided in con-
VI. v. 1. JOSHUA. VI. v. 2. 51
jj c i 6 " '* a 2
all city-the-about compass-ye that requisite-ia-it-And
nection with the preceding syllable, 5, No. 6) before a subst.
fern. sing. gen. case R. <J-*J to be strenuous.
NOTE. This sign )( is to indicate the omission of an
English equivalent for any Arabic word or particle,
as here the article the is omitted.
VERSE 2.
a fa-ya-ji-bu, conj. uJ before fut. 3 pers.masc. sing., Conj.I.,
x / x-
from t-r^Tj irr., 16, No. 4. J an, conj., 11, note.
c ta-du-ra, fut. nasbated (11, note), 2 pers. masc. sing.,
x x
fromjb irr., 16, No. 5.
NOTE. The verb is repeatedly found in the sing,
before the subject when the same is masc. pi., as is
the case here. See e and /.
d bil-ma-di-na-ti, prep. <^J , the article (\ being elided,
comp. 5, No. 6) and subst. fern. sing. gen. case ( 20)
governed by the prep. ^
e ja-ml-c-u, prop, subst. (the) whole, in the nom. case,
Tanwin displaced (ver. 1 >), R. J^ 5 T to collect.
f ri-ja-li, subst. masc. pi. fract. gen. case (prop, of men),
Tanwin displaced (ver. 1 }, from
52 VI. v. 2. JOSHUA. VI. v. 2.
.day-the in ,once it-about round-go-shall-they-and ,battle-) (-of
x--'- Jx-Gx J .* x-x- &$. x- tf . x- S ,-x- x-
priests seven be-shall-there-And .days sir do-shalt-thou This
'l-qi-td-li, article and subst. masc. sing. gen. case, R.
JoJ5 to kill
h wa-yah-di-qu-na, conj. j with fut. i ( 10, rem. 1), 3 pers.
ir.asc. pi. Conj. I., from jj^>~.
* bi-hd, prep. ^ with suff., 3 pers. fern. sing.
* daf-z-a-tan, prop, subst. fern. sing. ace. case, used ad-
verbially, R. -^ to push, strike ; comp. Heb. D^S , French
un coup.
1 fi, see ver. 1 (*).
m 'l-yau-mi, article with subst. sing. gen. case, governed
n ha-ka-dzd, compounded of l^ behold, CJ pref. like, and
pron. w this ( 24, rem.).
taf--a-lu, fut. 2 pers. masc. sing., Conj. I., from <J*J .
P sit-ta-ta, num. card. masc. ace. case.
9 >ay-yd-min, subst. pi. fract. gen. case (lit. six of days,
comp. Jno. ver. 20 J ), from /*>.
VI. v. 3. JOSHUA. VI. v. 3. 53
,ark-the-of front (in) clangour-) (-of trumpets seven bear-shall (who)
city-the-of about-round eompass-shall-they ,seventh-the ,day-the in-and
VERSE 3.
a wa-ta-ku-nu, conj. j, with fut. 3 pers. fern, sing., used
impersonally, Conj. I., from ^o irr.
6 sab-z-a-tu, num. card. masc. nom. case. Comp. note, ver.
c ka-ha-na-tin, sub. masc. pl./rac^., gen. case (comp. ver.
i? '
2 2) frcm ^l^.
d yah-mi-lu-na, fut. t (comp. ver. 2 *), 3 pers. masc. pi.,
Conj. I., from J*^.
e sab-.a-ta, ( b ) in the ace. case.
/ s-ab-wa-qi, subst. pl.fract., gen. case (comp. ver. 2 ?) from
5 < ^ ^
Jjy , R. Jf u #o 5^o^ Me trumpet.
9 'j-ja-la-ba-ti, the article followed by Tashdid ( 7, No. 1),
and subst. fem. sing., gen. case, from U* to s^ow^.
* qud-dd-ma, prop, subst. ace. case, used adverbially, R.
A Jo to ^o in front, to precede.
't-ta-lu-ti, the article ( 7, No. 1) before subst. fem. sing.
gen. case.
54 VI. v. 3. JOSHUA. VI. v. 4.
.trumpets-the-)( blow-shall priests-the-and ,time8 seven
xx- "& -O G X G xG-O x G > j xx
,alarm-the-of blowing-by (announced) war-the-of time-the-at be-shall-it-And
k and *. See ver. 2 (' and TO ).
m ' ' s-sd-bi-.i, the article and num. ord. masc. gen. case, as
an adjective, agreeing with its preceding noun.
n ya-du~ru-na, fut. 3 pers. pi. masc. Comp. ver. 2 ( c ).
hau-la, prep. (prop, subst. ace. case) R. JU- to be curved.
P 7-, etc. Comp. ver. 2 ( d ). i See (f}.
r da-fa--a-tin, pi. fract. gen. case. See ver. 2 (*).
* wal-*a-*im-ma-tu,^conj.j, the article, and subst. masc. pi.
fract.) from /Ui , R. /*i to ^o before, to precede.
NOTE. For the reading, see 5, No. 5.
* ya'd-ri-bu-na, fut. t ( 10, rem. 1), 3 pers. masc. pi.,
Conj. I., from ^j^ to strike.
u bil-ab-wa-qi, (/) with <-?> in, and the article prefixed.
VERSE 4.
a wa-ya-M-na, conj. j and fut. 3 pers. masc. sing. See
ver. 3 (<*\
* s-in-da, adverb of time and place, governing here the gen.
case.
VI. v. 4. JOSHUA. VI. v. 4.
all shout-shall ,trumpet-the-of sound-a hearing-your-of instant-the-at
wall (the) fall-shall-there verily-and ,oue-great-a ,shout-a people-the
c 'l-har-bi, subst. masc. sing. gen. case (governed by the
preposition '^ ), R. ^r j j s ^- to waste, to make war.
d bi-Har-bi, prep. -7-*, before subst. masc. sing. gen. case.
Comp. ver. 2 ( d ).
* See ver. 3 (ff). f See ().
9 si-ma-zi-kum, inf. gen. case, noun with suff. * 2 pers.
masc. pi.
k sau-ta, subst, masc. sing. ace. case, R. Cl^U^ to emit a sound.
* 'l-bu-qi, article before the sing, of ver. 3 (/).
k yaj-li-bu, fut. 0, 3 pers. masc. sing. Comp. ver. 3 (ff).
1 See ver. 2 ( e ).
m ' ' sh-sha.-bi, subst. masc. sing. gen. case (comp. ver. 2 /),
R. c-^x-i to collect.
n ja-la-ba-tan, ace. case. Comp. ver. 3 (ff).
5- ^
~a-'di-ma-tan, adj. sing., fern, of j^jWac, ace. case, R.
to be great.
P fa-f-in-na-hu, conj. t J before adv. J and suffix X, lit.
awf/ certain it (is).
56 VI. v. 4. JOSHUA. VI. v. 5.
man every people-the aseend-shall-and ,plaee-its in city-the-of
* ^O j s *j C^C ^C/-O s- s *t O
Nun-of son Joshua called-And .direction-his from
-tfw, fut. 3 pers. masc. sing, with pref. (JM (29,
No. 2), R. IsJL: to be defective.
r su-rw, subst. masc. sing. R. jLs to ascend a wall.
s 'l-ma-dl-na-ti. Comp. ver. 2 ( d ).
* See ver. 2 (').
5
u mau-di--i-hi, subst. masc. sing. gen. case, ^j^, with
suffix H , Root -^j fe place, to put.
v wa-yas-.a-du, conj. j before fut. A ( 11, rem. 1) 3 pers.
^ x- >*
masc. sing., R. Ax<^ .
* 'l-qau-mu, article with subst. masc. sing.
V kul-lu, prop, subst., (the) whole, totality.
z See ver. 2 (/), in the gen. sing., lit. totality of man.
<M min, prep, governing the gen. case.
66 mu-qd-bi-li-hi, lit. his front, q. d. straightforward ; noun
masc. sing. gen. case, with suff. * , R. Jjj' to have (something)
in front, or, in view.
VERSE 5.
a fas-tad-za (for the pronunciation of the last syllable, see
3, note), conj. uJ before pret. 3 pers. masc. sing., Conj. X.,
VI. v. 5. JOSHUA. VI. v. 5. 57
x- ,j x- j O -^ vx- ^ ss ' xxx O-O
ci^j u * I *Lc*- 1 A^J ^ ^J Ijj <iLA^LJ \ e
,covenant-the-of ark- (the) Bear ,them-to said-and ,priest8-the
ark-(the)-of front trumpets seven carry-shall priests seven-and
prosthetic 1 becomes quiescent after t J, R. ^5^ irr., 16,
No. 9. * See ver. 1 (").
c '5-ww, subst. masc. sing., before the name of the father
^.0 5-0
(so also when preceded by a proper name), for ^1 , ^\ , R.
Xx" ^ ^
Uj to Sm7c?, and in Conj. VIII., to beget children.
d nu-nin, prop, name, gen. case.
e 'l-ka-ha-nct-ta, the art. and ver. 3 ( c ), ace. case.
/ wa-qd-la, conj.j, see ver. 1 ( a ).
9 la-hu-mu, pref. prep. J with suff., 3 pers. masc. pi.
( 30, rem. 1).
h 'h-mi-lu, imp. masc. pi., Conj. I. The vowel of the se-
cond radical regularly agrees with that of the future. Comp.
ver. 3 (*).
* ta bu-ta (ver. 3 *), ace. case.
,-- ^
k 'l-s-ah-di, art. and subst. masc. sing., gen. case, R.
to stipulate, to lorite a testament or covenant.
1 See ver. 3 ( & ), with conj. j.
m s-a-s-im-ma-tin (ver. 3 5 ), gen. case. Comp. ver. 3 ( c ).
op q See ver . 3 (d e f A).
r sun-du-qi, subst. masc. sing. gen. case.
over-Pass ,people-the-to said-he- And .God-) (-of covenant- (the) -of
ark-(the)-of front on-pass-shall army-the-and ,city-the surround-and
* See (*). * See ver. 1 (*).
VERSE 6.
a See ver. 5 (/).
* lish-sha-bi t pref. prep. J and ver. 4 ( m ).
c '.-bu-ru, imp. m. pi., Conj. I.,j-^ fut. 0. Comp. ver. 5 (*).
rf wa-haw-wi-tu, conj. j and imp. masc. pi., Conj. II.,
from U- irr., 16, Parad. 5, 1 changed intoj.
e bil-ba-la-di, pref. <*, article, and subst. masc. sing., gen.
case (comp. ver. 2 d ), R. JJLJ to sojourn or stay in a place.
NOTE. The inseparable preposition t J governs always
the genitive case, and it is employed to express its
peculiar force, which is to indicate the locality where
something occurs, or the thing or instrument with
which something is done. Here the locality is
indicated. This signification of c-J obviates the use
of the accusative, which the sense here requires.
fwal-<zas-ka-ru,coiij.j, article, and subst. masc. sing., R.
^ ^ o ^
~H*- to congregate together.
9 ya-bur, fut. apoc., 11, rem. 3 (1), 3 pers. masc. sing.,
*"* x" X
Conj. I.,
VI. v. 6. JOSHUA. VI. . 7. 59
(it) -said-had when ,was-it-And .Lord-the-of ,covenant-(the)-of
trumpets seven priests-) ( seven- (the) bore ,people-the-to Joshua
,trumpet-the-) ( blew-and on-passed-they-and ,k>d-)( before clangour-of
h i k ver. 5 (i r ).
1 'r-rab-bi, article before subst. masc. sing. gen. case, R.
C ij to be great, to be lord.
VERSE 7.
a wa-M-na. Comp. ver. 3 ().
6 s-in-da ma, i. q. ver. 4 (/).
c d Comp. ver. 1 ( a c ).
e lil-qau-mi, pref. J , article (i elided and omitted) and
subst. masc. sing. dat. case, R. /*uJ to stand,
f ha-ma-la, pret. 3 pers. masc. sing.
9 *> See ver. 3 ( b c ).
ikim gee ver. 3 ( e f 9 A).
n 'l-ld-hi, gen. of ver. 1 ( J ).
wa-c-a-ba-ru, conj.j and pret. 3 pers. masc. pi. ver. 5 ( c ).
P wa-'da-ra-bu, conj.j , pret. 3 pers. pi. masc. See ver. 3 (*).
1 plural. See ver. 3 ( M ).
60 VL v. 7. JOSHUA. VI. v. 9.
army-the-And .them-behind going God-)( covenant-of ark- (the) -and
* xx s s s C-O ^ < ^ IT * --
,trumpet3-the blew-they-and ; priests-the-of front marching
j x v. x xx j O i,-rf3 xx o
'
people-the Joshua commanded-And .ark-the behind multitude-the-and
r wa-sun-du-qU) conj. j and ver. 5 ( r ).
* * See ver 5 ( ).
sa-s.i-run, part. act. masc. sing.,R. j LJ irr. 16, Parad. 8.
ss- -s *
v wa-ra-hum, adv. \jj with suff., 3 pers. pi. masc., R.
VEKSE 8.
See ver. 6 (/). J See ver. 7 (). c See ver. 3 (*).
d See ver. 5 ( e ). e Conj. III. of ver. 7 (*). / See ver. 7 ().
^ wal-la-fi-fu, conj.j, article (of which J is omitted and
compensated by Tashdid, see 5, No. 4) and subst. masc.
sing., R. u-aJ to be dense, to collect.
h See ver. 7 ().
* See ver. 5 ( r ) with the article.
VERSE 9.
a wa-s.a-ma-ra, conj. j and pret. 3 pers. masc. sing.
J See ver. 1 ( c ).
c See ver. 7 ( c ), ace. case.
VI. . 9. JOSHUA. VI. v. 9. 61
v ijjUfrj' r s"
nor jvoices-yonr up-lifb nor shout-ye-shall Not ,command-a
say-shall-I that day-the-until word-a mouth-your from out-go-let
x-* S*
d qau-lan, subst. masc. sing. ace. case, R. J to say.
e la, adv. of negation.
/ tu-jal-li-bu) flit. 2 pers. masc. pi. apoc. form (11, rem.
3, No. (1) and (3) note), Conj. II., from v-Jisy-.
ff wa-ld, conj. j and ( e ).
h tar-fa--u, fut. A, 2 pers. masc. pi., from ^>j.
* as-wa-ta-kum, pi. of ver. 4 ( A ) with suff. 2 pers. masc. pi.
* See (i).
1 yuh-ruj, fut. apoc. (11, note), 3 pers. masc. sing., passive
of Conj. I., from ^/^
m See ver. 4 (*).
S'
n fa-mi-kum, subst. sing. *J , with suff. 2 pers. masc. pi.
x--^
ka-li-ma-tun, subst. fem. sing. R. *1 fo s^eo^.
P lil-yau-mi, pref. J, governing the dative, article (! elided
and omitted), and ver. 2 ().
2 s.al-la-dzl, relat. pron. masc., 25.
r ia-qu-lu, fut. 1 pers. sing., Conj. L, from JlJJ, irr., 16,
Parad. 5.
62 VI. v. 9. JOSHUA. VI. v. 10.
round-go-to-caused-he-And .shout-shall-you then , Shout ,yon-to
,once city-the about Lord-the-of ark- (the)
l
arose-And .it-in lodged-and camp-the to came-it then
* la-kum, pref. J with sufF., 2 pers. masc. pi. Comp. ver.
* jal-li-bu, imp. masc. pi. of (/).
J O
fyai-na-s.a-dzin, adv. compounded of jj^- feme, and J*
behold, Alif being changed to Ya, which is indicated by Hamza.
f- x O
Comp. 5, No. 5. It is also pointed thus : J^xxxsw .
*#x X
v tu-jal-li-bu-na, comp. (/).
VERSE 10.
wa-s.a-dd-ra,conj.j before pret. 3 pers. masc. sing., Conj.
IV. (comp. 12), fromjb, irr., 16, Parad. 5.
b un-du-qa, subst. ace. case of ver. 5 ( r ).
c 'r-rab-bi, see ver. 6 ('). * See ver. 3 ( P).
e Comp. ver. 2 (*), where it stands adverbially for one time,
once, but here one, with wa-hi-da-tan, card. num. fern. ace. case.
See Parad. of 28. / thum-ma, adverb.
* '
9 ja-f-a, pret. 3 pers. masc. sing. (fut. ^^ajj), a doubly
anomalous verb.
* s-i-la (comp. note of 3), prep, of time and place, to
VI. v. 10. JOSHUA. VI. v. 12. 63
.God-) (-of ark- (the) priests-the carried-and .early Joshua
clangour-) (-of trumpets seven-the bore priests-) ( seven-the-And
55^
which the suffixes are commonly attached ; e. g. J i to me.
Comp. 23, rem. 3.
* 'l-as-ka-ri, dat. of ver. 6 (/), governed by the prep.
k wa-bd-ta, pret. 3 pers. masc. sing. irr. Parad. 2, 16.
1 fi-hi, ver. 1 (), with sufF. 3 pers. masc. sing. ( 23, rem. 2.)
VERSE 11.
a wad-da-la-ja, conj.j before pret. 3 pers. masc. sing.,
Conj. VIII., for &)t ( 13, No. vm. rem. 2), from ^Jj,
lit. ^o depart at the end of the night.
b bd-ki-ran, prop. part. masc. sing., used in the ace. case
advervially.
c wa-ha-ma-la, conj. j and ver. 7 (/), the verb in the sing.,
though with reference to a noun in the pi., thus frequently
used distributiv ely.
d See ver. 3 (*). See ver. 10 ( J ). / See ver. 5 (<).
VERSE 12.
a was-sab-a-tu t ver. 3 ( 6 ) with conj. _j and the article.
& See ver. 3 ().
64 VI. v. 12. JOSHUA. VI. v. 13.
,trumpets-the-with blew-and .continually walking ark-the-of front
behind marching multitude-the-and ,them-before marching army-the-and
,day-the in city-the-)( compassed-they-And .ark-the
c hd-mi-lu, pret. 3 pers. masc. pi., Conj. III. Comp. ver. 3 ( d ).
d ace. of (). e f 9 See ver. 3 (/ 9 A).
h See ver. 8 (*). sd-s.i-rl-na, plur. of ver. 7 ().
* sai-ran, inf. ace. case of the preceding, lit. walking a
walking, expressive of intensity.
1 wa'd-da-ri-lu, conj.^ before pret. 3 pers. masc. pi., Conj.
VIII., for \j>J**0\ from <-r^. Comp. ver. 11 ().
^ &
m See ver. 3 (/), but here in the dative.
n See ver. 6 (/). See ver. 7 ().
P qud-da-ma-hum, ver. 3 ( A ) with sufF. *&> 3 pers. masc. pi.
i was-sd-qa-tu, conj. j , article, and subst. fern, sing., R. JjL: ,
Conj. III., to approach, to follow.
r sa-ii-ra-tun, fern, of (). * * See ver. 8 (* *').
VEKSE 13.
a wa-da-ru, conj. ^ and pret. 3 pers. masc. pi., Conj. I ,
from j\. b See ver. 2 ( d ), and note ver. 6 ( e ).
c d See ver. 2 (' ).
VI. v. 13. JOSHUA. VI. v. 14. 65
;camp-the to returned-and ,one ,time-a second-the
on was-it when-And .days six did-they thus
,morning-the-of rising at arose-they ,seventh-the day-the
" "th-tha-m, article and num. adj. masc. sing. gen. case,
17, No. 1, and Parad. of 28. fff See ver. 10 ().
A wa--a-du, conj.j and pret. 3 pers. masc. pi. from ^lc
irr. Parad. 5, 16.
* See ver. 10 ( h ).
* 'l-mu-zas-Jca-ri, i. q. ver. 10 (). l See ver. 2 ().
"' fa--a-lu, pret. 3 pers. masc. pi. Comp. ver. 2 ().
" See ver. 2 (P ?).
VEKSE 14.
fa-lam-ma, conj. < 5 and adv.
J See ver. 7 (). c rf e See ver. 3 (* * ).
/ 'd-da-la-ju, pret. 3 pers. masc. pi. Comp. ver. 11 ().
.9 See ver. 4 ( & ).
s *
7i (u-lu-zi, inf., Conj. I. (^jJJp), gen. case (ver. 4 c ) from
^J n /o ascend, rise.
1 'l-faj-* article and subst. masc. sing. gen. case, prop, the
morning star, lucifer, R.^sjJ, Conj. IV. diluculo fuit.
66 VI. v. 14. JOSHUA. VI. v. 14.
J
seven manner-) ( like- (the) in city-the-)( compassed-they-and
it-) ( compassed-they day-) ( that on particularly for ; timea
* ' See ver. 13 ( ).
w z-a-la, prep., prop, wporc, ^o, etc. Comp. ver. 10 ( h ).
n mith-li, subst. masc. sing. gen. case (governed by the
preceding prep.), lit. similitude, likeness, from JJw to be like,
also to assimilate, to compare,
'r-ras-mi, article before subst. masc. sing. gen. case (lit.
the likeness of the manner}, R. ***j to make a sign, an im-
pression, to define.
P 9 See ver. 3 (?).
r li-s-an-na, conj.
* Hds-san, prop. adj. masc. sing., particular, peculiar, in the
$ x-
acc. case used adverbially, R. u&>*' to make any thing proper,
peculiar.
t See ver. 1 (').
M ha-dzd, demon, pron. masc. sing. See 24, rem.
v See ver. 2 ( OT ). Note the article after the pronoun.
* See ver. 13 ().
y 'bi-hd, pers. pron. fern, sing., prop, z'w or about her, viz.
the city, which is feminine. Comp. ver. 2 ( c d ).
VI. v. 14. JOSHUA. VI. v. 16. 67
^IlT d JS J6 b UJJ a 15 euCe r > 1>
,seventh-the time-the at was-it when-And .times seven
O^O vx-> x* ,x ^ ^ G O-O -j'JJ . O-O J.- '
,people-the-to Joshua said-but ,trumpets-the-) ( priests-the blew
necessary-was-it-And .place-the God-)( you-given-has already-for , Shout
z See ver. 3 (? r ) .
VERSE 15.
*> c See ver. 14 ( a b c ).
d 'd-daf-.a-ti, the article before the subst. fern. sing. gen.
case (governed by the prep. fi). See ver. 2 ( k ).
e 's-sa-U-z-a-ti, fem. of ver. 3 ( m ).
f See ver. 7 (P). ff See ver. 3 (*). h See ver. 3 ().
* See ver. 1 (). k See ver. 7 ( e ). * See ver. 9 (<).
m fa-qad, compounded of uJ , prop, and, and ver. 1 ( e ).
s.ci.-ta-kum, pret. 3 pers. masc. sing., Conj. IV., from
Uae irr. Parad. 6, 16, and suff. 2 pers. masc. pi.
s-al-la-hu, comp. ver. 1 ( 6 ).
P 'l-ba-la-da, article and subst. ace. case. See ver. 6 ( e ).
VERSE 16.
a wa-ya-ji-bu, conj. j. Comp. ver. 2 (). Note the use of
the future for the imperfect.
68 VI. v. 16. JOSHUA. VI. v. 16.
s- x v.-x C i
(is) -that aU-and accursed city-)( this be-should that
,vender-the ,Eahab only ,worlds-the-of Lord- (the) -unto it-in
* See ver. 2 ( 6 ).
c ta-ku-na, fut. nasbated (11, rem. 3 (2), also note), 3 pers.
fern, sing., from <jl^ irr. Parad. 5, 16.
* ha-dzi-hi, demon, pron. fern, sing., 24, rem.
nominative of ver. 3 (P). For the article, comp. ver. 14 ().
/ hir-man, subst. masc. sing. ace. case, lit. a prohibition,
from /*/>- to prohibit.
NOTE. jjo followed by a noun in the accusative,
expresses to be unto, i. e. to become.
ff See ver. 2 ().
A ma, interrog. pron., as a relative, 26.
* /f-Aa, prep.^y with suff. 3 pers. fern. sing. Comp. ver. 2 ().
* li-rab-bi, pref. J before subst. masc. sing. dat. case.
Comp. ver. 6 (').
1 'l-zd-la-mi-na, article before subst. masc., pi. of *-il*
gen. case.
O x
' *7-/a, compounded of ^ ^, and 21 not.
n rd-hd-bu, prop. name.
VI. v. 16. JOSHUA. VI. v. 16. 69
she-because ,house-her in (are) -who all- and , (is) -she excepted
especially-And .sent-had-we whom messengers-the concealed
'l-bay-yd--a-tu, article before subst. fern, sing., from the
S 4'
masc. 9 VJJ , R. Q u media i^f to seW, to buy.
P Jias-sa-tun, nom. fem. of ver. 14 (*).
1 hi-ya, pers. pron. 3 pers. fem. sing., 23.
* See ver. 2 ( e ).
s man, interrog. pron., used as a relative, 26.
* See ver. 2 (').
S- O -
u bai-ti-ha, subst. t^ x^ , with suff. 3 pers. fem. sing.
*
w li-*an-na-ha, compounded of J for ^ that, and suff.
3 pers. fem. sing.
x hab-ba-ti, pret. 3 pers. fem. sing., Conj. I., from ^^ ,
15.
S <*> **
y 'r-ru-su-la, article before subst. masc. pi. of (Jj-'j, R.
J~>j to send.
* See ver. 9 (2).
^ O ^ ' ^
00 kun-nd, pret. 1 pers. pi., contracted for IxAi from ^o ,
used as an auxiliary to the next verb to express the pluperfect,
and ba--ath-nd-hum, pret. 1 pers. pi., Conj. I., with suff.
3 pers. masc. pi., from ci^.
70 VI. v. 17. JOSHUA. VI. v. 17.
.\6
covet-you lest , (thing) -cursed-the against souls-your guard you
children-(the)-of camp-the make-and , (thing) -accursed-the of take-and
VERSE 17.
' See ver. 14 (*), with conj.j.
J an-tum, pers. pron. pi. masc., 23.
c zuh-fu-'dU) imp. masc. pi., Conj. I., R. Saa*- .
O ^
d 'n-fu-sa-kum, subst. pi. (of (j^-R-J) with suff. 2 pers.
masc. pi. e See ver. 4 ().
/ 7-AV-m, article and ver. 16 (/), in the gen. case.
o ^
9 li-aal-ld, compounded of J for, <ji ^Aa^, and * not.
NOTE. The \ is often changed into c5 for the sake of
euphony, in which cases, as in the present, not-
withstanding the *, it is necessary, in reading, to
convey something of the sound of the 5.
h tash-ra-hu, fut. A nasbated (comp. ver. 16 c ), 2 pers. masc.
pi., from *j2>.
i fa-ta-ftu-dzu, conj. < s before fut. nasbated, 2 pers. masc.
pi., Conj. L, from JtfM irr. Parad. 1, 16.
*^ See(0-
/ x
m fa-taj--a-lu, conj. c 5 before fut. A nasbated (see A ), 2 pers.
masc. pi., Conj. I., from
VI. v. 17. JOSHUA. VI. v. 18. 71
all-And .despicable-it-make-and ,curse-tlie-of deserving Israel-of
' '
be iron-of or brass-of vessels-and gold or silver
n z-as-ka-ra, ace. of ver. 6 (/).
ba-m, pi. of ver. 5 ( c ), gen. case, ^ dropped (for (j^)
before another genitive.
P tis-ra-tai-la, pr. name, gen. case, not declined.
2 mus-ta-hiq-qa, part. masc. sing. ace. case, agreeing with
( n ), Conj. X., from i^-fi^. Comp. 15.
See (/).
s fa-taf-Ua-hu-hu, conj. < 5 and fut. A. nasbated, 2 pers.
masc. pi., Conj. I., from ***a3 with suff. 3 pers. masc. sing.
VERSE 18.
a wa-kul-lu, conj. j and ver. 4 (^).
* fifl-Ha-tin^ subst. fern. sing. gen. case, lit. the whole of
silver. c aw, conjunction.
d dza-ha-bin, subst. masc. sing. gen. case.
e wa-s-a-la-ti, conj. j and subst. fern. sing, (collectively)
gen. case.
/ nu-hd-sin, suost. masc. sing. gen. case.
9 ha-dl-din, subst. masc. sing. gen. case.
72 VI. v. 18. JOSHUA. VI. . 19.
" jUL
j *JJ*
.Lord-the-of treasury- (the) to go-shall-it ^God-to holy
at was-it-And .trumpets-the-) ( blew-and people-the shouted- And
h fa-hu-wa, conj. uJ and pers. pron. 3 pers. masc. sing.,
lit. for it (is).
1 qu-du-sun, adj. masc. sing., from (j*>&3 to be holy.
k lil-la-hi, pref. prep. J , the article (\ elided and omitted)
and subst. dat. case (governed by the preposition). Comp.
ver. 1 (*).
' yad-Hu-lu, fut. 3 pers. masc. sing., Conj. I., from J^^.
m See ver. 10 ( A ).
Ha-za-na-ti, subst. fern. sing. dat. case (governed by the
preceding prep.), R. ^j^ to lay up.
See ver. 6 (').
VERSE 19.
a fa-ja-la-ba, conj. uJ and pret. 3 pers. masc. sing.
6 See ver. 4 (*).
e wa-fta-ra-bu, conj. j and pret. 3 pers. masc. pi., Conj. I., R.
d See ver. 3 ().
e See ver. 7 (). / See ver. 4 ( J ).
VI. v. 19. JOSHUA. VI. v. 19. 73
O x' O ^ C-O
peoplerthe shouted ,trumpets-the-of sound- (the) people-the-of hearing- (the)
,thereof-place-the from wall-the fell-and ,(one)-great-a ,shout-a
from one every city-the to people-the went-and
9 si-ma-zi, inf. noun, gen. case. Comp. ver. 4 (0).
A See ver. 7 ( e ).
* * See ver. 4 ( A *).
1 m See ( b ).
n See ver. 4 (" ).
X"
^ fa-sa-qa-ta, conj. u 5 and pret. 3 pers. masc. sing,
tf 's-su-ru, ver. 4 ( r ) with the article elided.
r See ver. 4 ().
S ^ ^ ' ^
s ma-M-ni-ht, subst. masc. sing, (j^-* (R. ( i ), media j,
to exist, to be), and suff. 3 pers. masc. sing., 23, rem. 3.
* wa-sa-zi-da, conj. j and (pret. /) 3 pers. masc. sing.
Comp. ver. 4 ().
" See ver. 3 (J>).
9 See ver. 4 (y).
* wd-fri-din, num. masc. 28, in the gen. case. Comp.
ver. 4 (y 2 ).
74 VI. v. 19. JOSHUA. VI. v. 20.
66
.city-the captured-they-and ,direction-own-hi3 in place-his
- < -' 20
,man of it-in (were) -that all exterminated-they-And
y See ( r ).
* See ().
00 See ver. 4 (**).
bb wa-ma-la-ku, conj. j and pret. 3 pers. masc. pi., Conj. I.,
from CJJ^ .
<*> 'l-ma-di-na-ta, ace. of ver. 3 (P).
'
VERSE 20.
a was-td-sa-lu, conj. j and pret. 3 pers. masc. pi., Conj. X.
(preformative i elided after j), from J-tf ) (denominative from
a root), irr. Parad. 1, 16.
5 ja-ml-c-a, ace. of ver. 2 ( e ).
c See ver. 16 ().
d See ver. 16 (').
e See ver. 4 ().
/ See ver. 4 ( z ).
VI. v. 20. JOSHUA. VI. v. 20. 75
X O
,slieep-of-and ,a3ses-of-and ,oxen-of-and ,old-of-and ,young-of-and ,woman-of-and
o 'SJ o . ^
.sword-the-of edge-the-with
9 wam-rd-s-a-tm, subst. fern. sing, (used collectively) gen.
case, from V* a man.
h wa-sa-biy-yin, conj.j and subst. masc. sing. gen. case
(from L ^ ? ) from ^ prop. 3rd rad. u? to be or ac childishly.
* wa-shai-liin, conj. j and subst. masc. sing. gen. case (from
.lA.x.y!)) from ^^-J , media L to be or ^roz^ old.
k wa-thau-rin, subst. masc. sing, (here used collectively)
gen. case, fromjj-J.
1 wa-hi-md-rin, subst. masc. sing, (used collectively) gen.
case.
wa-shd-tin, subst. fern. sing, (collectively) gen. case ; pi.
n bi-had-di, pref. prep. ^ before subst. masc. sing., gen.
5 ^
case (governed by the preposition), R. A- to be sharp.
's-sai-ji, article (elided) and subst. masc. sing. gen. case.
76
JOHN II.
O ^ , XX
UU< ^ u^ b JJ ciJULM-
Cans in marriage-a was-there ,third-the ,day-the on-And
called-was-And .there Je8us-of mother-(the) was-and ,Galilee-of
VERSE 1.
'th-tha-K-tM, article (elided) with num. adj. ( 28), gen.
case, agreeing with the preceding noun, and governed by the
prep. ^.
6 f-ur-sun, subst. masc. sing., R. to bind, to adhere to, to be
joyful
c qd-na, proper name, not declined.
d 'j-ja-ti-li, article (elided) before prop, name, gen. case,
governed by ^3 .
6 wa-ka-nat, conj. j and pret. 3 pers. fern, sing., Conj. I.,
Parad. 5, 16.
.JT x2
/ tum-mu t subst. fern. sing. ; pi. C1>W.
9 ya~su-a, prop, name, gen. case. Comp. 21, rem. 2.
h hu-nd-ka, adverb. Other forms are Ixfc, Ufclfc.
VERSE 2.
tva-du-i-ya, conj. j and pret. pass. 3 pers. masc. sing.,
Conj. I., irr., 16, Parad. 9. Comp. passives, p. 31.
II. v. 2. JOHN. II. r. 3. 77
^
wine-the )(-And .marriage-tlie to disciples-his-and Jesus
c
5
u j' f u e cjL/ s c
not-(is-There) ,liim-to Jesus-of mother- (the) said-and ; wanting-been-had )(
* ya-su--u, comp. ver, 1 (^).
wa-ta-la-ml-dzu-hu, eonj. ^ before subst. masc. pi. (irr. of
^ ^x^
), from X*i to submit one's self, and suff. 3 pers. m. sing.
NOTE. The reading here in Walton is with J instead
of J, but which is not acknowledged by the lexi-
cographers.
d 'l-.ur-si, article before ver. 1 ( & ), dat. case, governed by
Ji-
VERSE 3.
wa-kd-na-ti, i. q. ver. 1 (), here terminating witli Kasra,
for euphony's sake, to join this with the next word. See ( d ).
b 'l-Ham-ra-tu, article and subst., with fern, term., but of
com. gen. (here as a fern., comp. rf ), fronij-^^- to ferment.
* See (*).
d na-ji-dat, pret. 3 pers. fern, sing., Conj. I., from &)
( 11, rem. 1). The verb ^y^ (to be) in the preterite is joined
to another verb in the preterite, to express the pluperfect
'-' X"
tense, thus here ( a and *) express had been wanting; &i
(already) is usually put between ^o and the verb connected
78 II. t>. 3. JOHN. II. v. 4.
,me-to-and thee-to What ,Jesus her-to said-And .them-to wine
O x XX vCx x X x Gx G^GxC-O xii
said-And .yet hour-my come-has not ? woman-) ( O
with it, especially when there are other verbs, in order to
point out the anteriority of the one.
e fa-qd-lat, conj. j and pret. 3 pers. fern, sing., from Jli,
16, Parad. 5.
/ la-hu, pref. pret. J with suff. 3 pers. masc. sing. Comp.
Josh., ver. 5 (ff) and 9 (*).
9 Ham-run, i. q. ( 6 ), but more frequently used in the fern. gen.
VERSE 4.
la-ha, pref. prep. J with suff. 3 pers. fem. sing.
6 la-ki, pref. prep. J with suff. 2 pers. fem. sing.
c wa-ll, conj. j and pref. prep. J with suff. 1 pers. sing.
d s.ay-yu-ha, interjection.
'l-mar-s-a-tu, article and subst., i. q. Josh. ver. 20 (0), here
vocative, 20, No. 3. / /am, adverb.
s. ^
ff^td-ti, fat. apoc. for ^$-J\-J , 3 pers. fem. sing., from
^M, a doubly anomolous verb as to first and last radicals ;
comp. Irr. Verbs, Parad. 1 and 9. The conversion of the
fut. into the pret., is effected by *J , after which adverb the
future is likewise apocopated, as in the present instance.
II. v. 4. JOHN. II. v. 5. 79
o
C > -J j S. y x yx^-^ * v* O j ^
<L_/ f-Jy-^W/ U IjUl 4 fljui-LT ^1*
. (matter) -this-in you-command-shall-he what Do ,servants-the-to mother-bis
placed ,stone-of jars six there were-there-And
h sa-s-a-tl, subst. fern, sing., A-cs, with sufi". 1 pers. sing.,
^ ^
R. jLj, media j. ba-du, adverb.
VERSE 5.
See ver. 3 ( e ).
6 s-um-mu-hu, ver. 1 (/) with sufF. 3 pers. masc. sing.
c lil-liud-dii-mi, pref. J, article (\ elided and omitted) be
fore subst. masc. pi. (irr. of fJlfl*-), from *&>- to serve.
' ' ' x- xx-
d 'f-.a-lu, imp. masc. pi. (prosthetic i elided), from
e yd*-mu-ru-kum, fut. 3 pers. masc. sing., Conj. I., with
suff. 2 pers. masc. pi., from^tt, irr. Parad. 1, 16.
/ bi-hi, pref. prep. <-r> with sufF. 3 k pers. masc. sing. ( 30,
rem. 1).
VERSE 6.
The verb in the sing, impersonally.
6 See ver. 1 (*). c 8 it-tu t num. card., 28.
d s-a-ja-jl-na, subst. fern. pi. Comp. (/).
S s '
e ha-ja-ra-tin, subst. pi. (irr. ofj-fsj*-), gen. case.
80 II. v. 6. JOHN. II. v. 7.
measures-two one every containing ,Jews-the-ofpurifying-(the)-to-according
.
JU- 7 LLU m .\
jars-the Fill ,Jesus them-to said-And .three or
/ mau-Uu-za-tan, part, pass., Conj. I., fern gen. (agreeing
with d ) ace. case, which case is not only used to designate the
condition of the subject, but also to form prepositions, ad-
X x" X
verbs, and ablatives. R. -*s>j irr. Parad. 4, 16.
9 U-tat-hl-ri, pref. J with inf. noun, gen. case, Conj. II.,
X" X X"
froniy^ to be clean.
h 'l-ya-hu-di, article before gentilic noun, gen. case.
ya-sa-.u,fut.A, 3pers. masc. sing, (impersonally), Conj. I.,
from -~ij irr. Parad. 4, 16. The future is used to express
the continuity of the action or state.
* wa-lii-din, num. gen. case. Comp. ver. 4 (y z }.
? o
1 mit-rai-ni, subst. masc. dual., ace. case, from-^, Gr.
m tha-la-tha-tan, num. ace. case, 28.
VERSE 7.
a 'm-lu-iu, imp. masc. pi. (i prosth. elided), Conj. I., from
JU irr. Parad. 3, 16. See also 5, No. 5.
NOTE. This verb is construed with two accusatives,
viz. (* <).
II. v. 7. JOHN. II. v. 8. 81
j e )
.. ^
Draw ,thom-to said-he- And .brim- (the) to them-filled-they-and ,water-(with)
tf xx Otfx x X -d. ~0 x Jt Ox -XX x^C-0
L.J,, 9 Ijj^i' iULUI' u-=K/ J.A-V u ul
X X
when- And . (it) -bare-they-and , feast- the-of governor- (the) -to (it)-present-and now
& '1-s.a-ja-jl-na, ver. 6 (^) with the article.
x 3>x
c md-*an, subst. masc. sing. ace. case, from fw for ^y,
SxO^ ^Tx
pi. x\y\ and i?U^.
* fa-ma-la- s-u-hun-na, conj. < 5 and pret. 3 pers. masc. pi.
employed for the formation of the plural is here dropped
before suff.), with suff. 3 pers. fem. pi.
* fau-qin, lit. extremity, subst. masc. sing. dat. case, from
Jju (media j) to exceed, surpass.
VERSE 8.
x x
a 's-ta-qu, imp. masc. pi. (1 elided), Conj. VIII., from ^^S-j.
For the loss of the 3rd radical L/, see irr. verb, Parad. 9, imp.
6 'l-s-a-na, adverb.
c wa-nd-wi-lu, conj. j before imp. masc. pi., Conj. III.,
x x
from Jli irr. Parad. 5, 16.
d rai-s-a-sd, subst. masc. ^sing. ace. case (lit. present the
governor, sc. with it), R. (J#\j to be set over, to preside.
e 't-tu-ka-ta-ti, article (elided) and subst. fem. sing. gen.
case ; lit. the reclining, sc. at a banquet.
82 II. v. 8. JOHN. II. v. 9.
x-55 x - jo-o _. x o~o xx x^~o ^
u- JLJ/
changed-) ( , water-) ( same-the ,feast-the-of governor- (the) tasted-liad
servants-the )(-but ,(was)-it whence from knew not-and , wine- (into)
X
/ fa-wad-dau, conj. c > and pret. 2 pers. masc. pi., Conj. II.,
from L/ty .
VERSE 9.
a dzd-qa, irr. Parad. 5, 16.
b rai-s.a-su, nom. of ver. 8 ( d ). See note, Josh. ver. 17 (#).
c dza-li-ka, demonstrative pronoun.
d 'l-ma-s-a, ver. 7 ( c ) with the article (* elided).
e 'l-mu-ta-haw-wa-la, article and part. masc. sing. ace. case,
X X
passive of Conj. V., from J^ 5 - irr. Parad. 5, 16.
NOTE. j , the original radical in this class of verbs,
which is otherwise quiescent, becomes here audible,
on account of the characteristic doubling of this
conjugation.
/ Ham-ran, ace. of ver. 3 (ff).
a yas.-lam, fut.^4 apoc. ( 11, Note) 3 pers. masc. sing., from
x x
*it, 10, rem. 1 and 2.
h *ai-na, adv. prop, where, preceded by min it becomes
whence. * connect with (*).
k 'l-fiud-dd-mu, nom. of ver. 5 ( c ) with the article.
II. v. 9. J H N. II. v. 10. 83
feast-the-of governor- (the) called-and ,water-the in-filled-had they-because ,knew
JJ? <J JUji
" S- P
presents indeed man Every ,him-to said-And ,bridegroom-the
then drunk- well-have-they when-and ,first ,good-the ,wine-the-) (
1 yaz-la-mu-na, pi. of (0), connected with (*), comp. ver. 3
( d )', for tlaefut. used here, comp. ver. 6 ().
m li-f-an-na-hum, compd. of J for, ^ that, and suff. 3 pers.
masc. pi.
n ma-la-s-u, pret. 3 pers. masc. pi. Comp. ver. 7 ( a ).
fa-da- f-d, conj. t J and pret. 3 pers. masc. sing. irr. Parad.
6, 16.
P 'l-.a-ru-sa, subst. masc. sing. ace. case. Comp. ver. 1 ( & ).
VERSE 10.
a s-in-sd-nin, subst. com. gen. gen. case.
& s-in-na-md, adverb.
c yd-ti, fut. 3 pers. masc. sing., Conj. I., from ^'1 irr.
Parad. 9, 16.
d bish-sha-rd-bi (lit. with the wine, or drink), pref. < >, .the
article (elided) and subst. masc. sing. gen. case, R. <-r^- to
drink, also to be thirsty.
84 II. v. 10. J H N. II. v. 11.
,good-the ,wine-the kept-hast thou-and ; inferior-the-) ( presents-he
^xxx "&S. -'t? 0-0 .jx^G-O x- x_G-<3 ^
)(-did which ,flrst-the ,miracle-the (isi-This ?now until
e 'j-jai-di, adj. masc. sing, with the article, from *-V c T to
have a slender, beautiful neck.
f aw-wa-lan, adj. masc. sing., in the ace. case, used ad-
verbially, R. <Jj) to prevent, precede.
9 wa-ti-dzd, adverb.
h sa-ki-ru, pret. 3 pers. masc. pi.,
lit. at this, sc. time.
* bid-du-ni, pref. <>, article and adj. masc. sing. gen. case,
from jjit) (med. j) to be inferior, bad, contemptible.
1 s-a-fa-s-an-ta, \ sign of interrogation, u-5 conj. and pro-
noun, 23.
m s-ab-qai-ta, pret. 2 pers. masc. sing., Conj. IV., from
S S XX
ULJ , prop. ^_^H ^ remain, stay.
n See ( e ). 'il-s-a-na, adverb.
VERSE 11.
a ha-dzi-hi, Jos. ver. 2 ( w ).
x.
6 '1-s.a-ya-tu, subst. fem. sing., R. t^^ fo 6e moved by the
slightest affection.
st>1
c 'l-s-u-la, adj. sing., fem. of Jj ) . Comp. ver. 10 (/).
II. v. 11. J H N. II. v. 12. 85
o ^ ^c.^_ tf.o ^ x .. ,. ^
l* ^
believed-and ,glory-his manifested-and ,Galilee-of Cana in Jesus
* 12 " r lij*
b ' \ " / - ^
to down-went-he this after Then .disciples-his him-in
* 'l-la-ti, pron. relat. fern. sing. 25, (! elided).
c fa-.a-la-ha, pret. 3 pers. masc. sing., with suff. 3 pers.
fern, sing., R. J^3. The suff. is pleonastic, and is to be
connected with the preceding pronoun, lit. which her, sc. the
miracle ; comp. the English whom used for persons, instead
of which him.
f wa-s-ad-ha-ra, conj. j and pret. 3 pers. masc. sing., Conj.
X X S
IV., from^-g-1? to appear, be manifest.
9 maj-da-hu, subst. masc. sing., *Xsy, ace. case, with suff.
XXX
3 pers. masc. sing., R. <Xj^ to excel in glory.
h wa-*a-mi-na, conj.j before pret. 3 pers. masc. sing.,
11, rem. 1.
See ver. 2 (*)
VERSE 12.
a baz-da, adv. prop. ver. 4 ( f ), in the ace. case.
6 'n-ha-da-ra, pret. 3 pers. masc. sing., Conj. VII., from
to descend.
86 II. v. 12. JOHN. II. v. 13.
x
!#$
abode-and : disciples-his-and ,brothers-his-and ,mother-liis-and ,he , Capernaum
u* cJil^
Jews-the-of passoYer-(the) )(-And .few-a days there
c ka-far-nd-hu-ma, prop. name.
d wa-s-um-mu-hu, conj.j before ver. 5 (*).
S / O
e wa-s-ih-wa-tu-hu, subst. masc. pi. (*^-J though there
are also other forms, as * VeM , Xj>-\ , J=M , etc. irr. of i
sing.) with suff. 3 pers. masc. sing.
/ wa-s.a-qd-mu, conj.j before pret. 3 pers. masc. pi., Conj.
IV., from ^s to stand, irr. Parad. 5, 16, to which the pre-
formative \ being added, this 4th conjugation is obtained.
9 See ver. 1 ( A ).
* t-ay-yd-man, ace. of Josh., ver. 2 (?). For the ace. case
here, comp. ver. 6 (/).
ya-sl-ra-tan, adj. sing, (in form agreeing with the pre-
ceding noun, likewise singular, but collectively used for the
plural) ace. case, fern, of j^**y. , R. j^. to be light, easy.
VERSE 13.
See <*. J fc-Aw i. . Heb.
II. v. 13. JOHN. II. v. 14. 87
a 14
found-he-And Jerusalem to Jesus went-and ,near-drawn-had already
x- Gx-O-O
Acl
,cliangers-aud ,doves-of-and ,sheep-of-and ,oxen-of sellers temple-tlie in
c See (rf).
d qa-ru-ba, pret. 3 pers. masc. sing. (11, rem. 1); for the
construction of a c d see ver. 3 ( d ).
s
e fa-sa--i-da> conj. J before pret. 3 pers. masc. sing.
(11, rem. 1). Comp. Josh. 4 ().
/ ya-ru-sha-ll-ma, prop. name.
VERSE 14.
a fa-wa-ja-da, conj. t J before pret. 3 pers. masc. sing.
b 'l-hai-ka-li, subst. masc. sing. gen. case, i. q. Heb. ^H .
,? * x-
bd-a-ta, subst. pi. ace. case, irr. from the sing. -^,
part, of ^, Parad. 5, 16.
d 'l-la-qa-ri, article and subst. sing., used collectively, ace.
case, i. q. Heb. 1J53 .
J Ox
wal-ki-bd-shi, conj.j, article and subst. pi. (irr. of (j^)
gen. case ; Heb. t?M .
/ wal-ha-md-mi, conj. j, article and subst. sing., used col-
ts x-
lectively, gen. case, R. A^- #o 5e Ao#.
I ,5 x-O^
^ wa-sa-ya-ri-fa, conj.j and subst. masc. pi. (irr. of 4 ^-X^)
> x'.x
ace. case (comp. ver. 6 /), R.
88 II. v. 14. J H N. II. v. 15.
\ d It*" * b ' * # 15 I \ ^
r~* iii '" s - 1 ^\>- L*T / * ii-A"^^ it .i.\*i?J w: Y"^~
out-drove-and ,cord of scourge-a made-he- And : sitting
: sheep-the-and ,oxen-the out-turned-and ,temple-the from them-of-all
j tables-their overthrew-and ,changer8-the-of money-(tbe) scattered-and
h ju-lu-san, inf. noun (collectively, for sitting persons} ace.
case (see the preceding), from (jb>- to sit t sit down.
VERSE 15.
a fa-sa-na--a, conj. u-J before pret. 3 pers. masc. sing.
6 mifi-sa-ra-tan, subst. fern. sing. ace. case, R.^2>- to take,
lay hold of.
c hab-lin, subst. masc. sing. gen. case. Comp. Heb. 'JH.
A wa-s.ali-ra-ja, conj. j before pret. 3 pers. masc. sing.,
Conj. IV., from ^J^- to go out.
e ja-ml-za-hum, Josh. ver. 2 ( e ) with suff. 3 pers. masc. pi.
/ wa-fa-ra-da, conj. j before pret. 3 pers. masc. sing.
9 ace. of ver. 14 ( d ).
h wal-hi-ra-fa, conj.j, article and subst. pi. (fractus) ace.
case, from u- J^ sing.
* wa-bad-da-da, conj. j and pret. 3 pers. masc. sing., Conj.
II. v. 15. JOHN. II. v. 16. 89
X" XX
1
,heuce from this Take ,doves-)(-of seller3.(the)-to said-he-And
w-0 x C x .Cl x- C x
e
.merchandise-of house-a father-my-of house- (the) make not-and
"SJ X
II., from Jo (here not contracted, on account of the charac-
teristic Tashdid which the 2nd radical has to take) to separate,
remove.
.TxG S 1 <~>
k da-rd-hi-ma, subst. masc. pi. (irr. of f&j^ or *&;<*) ace.
case.
1 's-sa-ya-ri-f,, gen. of ver. 14 (0) with the article.
m wa-qal-la-ba, conj. j before pret. 3 pers. masc. sing.,
X -^X
Conj. II., from c_. ^> to turn, overturn.
J Xi X-' l?x-0 X
TC ma-wa-s.a-da-hum, or *&J^\y, subst. fern. pi. (of jo^)
1 x x x
with 3 pers. masc. pi., R. ^v.
VERSE 16.
a li-bd-c-a-ti, pref. J to dative of ver. 14 ( c ).
& 'h-mi-lu, imp. of Josh. ver. 3 ( d ).
c ha-hu-nd, lit. from here. Comp. ver. 1 ( h ).
d taj-.a-lu, comp. Josh. ver. 17 ( m ).
e bai-ta, subst. sing. ace. case, R. Cl^u (media (^f) to stay
the night, to lodge.
& $
/ s-a-bl, subst. masc. sing. (<-r*\ irr.), before gen. ^ i , and
so with suff. 1 pers. sing. Comp. 19, rem. 1.
90 II. v. 16. JOHN. II. v. 18.
house-thy-of eeal-(The) ,writtea (is) -it-that disciples-liis remembered- And
sign What ,saying Jews-the answered-And .np-me-eaten-has
9 ' 't-ti-jd-ra-ti, article before subst. fern. sing. gen. case,
trade.
VEESE 17.
fa-dza-ka-ra, conj. u- 5 and pret. 3 pers. masc. sing.
<**
b s-an-na-hu, adv. with sufT. if , 3 pers. masc. sing.
c mak-tu-bun, part. pass, of Conj. I., from t -^
d gai-ra-tun, subst. fern, sing., fromjU (media t/) fe 5e
zealous.
e bai-ti-ka, ver. 16 ( c ), gen. case, with suff. 2 pers. masc.
sing.
/ s.a-ka-lat-nl) pret. 3 pers. fern. sing, with suff. 1 pers. sing.,
from Ji! irr. Parad. 1, 16.
VERSE 18.
a fa-*a-jd-ba, conj. uJ and pret. 3 pers. masc. sing., Conj.
IV., from <-r>l>-, Parad. 5, 16.
b 'l-ya~hu-du, article before nom. of ver. 6 ( A ).
c qd-ti-li-na, part, masc., pi. of Jj!j . See Parad 5, 16.
II. v. 18. JOHN. II. v. 19. 91
them- Answered ? deeds such doest-thou that ,us-thou-showest
LJLjLjV Gly j^IfT^ ii* i^LL* iV
up-it-raise-will-I-(even) I-and ,temple-)( this Destroy .saying Jesus
d s.ay-ya-ta, interrog. pron. fern. sing. ace. case, 26.
s-a-ya-tin, gen. of ver. 11 (*), lit. what of sign.
^
/ tu-rl-nd, fut. 2 pers. masc. sing., Conj. IV. (U>j> for
^" *
from t.5^, doubly anomalous ; comp. Parad. 9 and 2 of 16,
and Conj. IV. of 12), with suff. 1 pers. pi.
9 hat-ta, adverb.
* taf-za-la, nasbated of Josh. ver. 2 ().
St"
'l-qf-&a-la, article before subst. masc. pi. (from J-*J) ace.
case, R. <J** to do, make.
VERSE 19.
a aa-jd-ba-hum, pret. Conj. IV. of ver. 18 ( a ), with suff.
3 pers. masc. pi.
6 qd-s-i-lan, sing. ace. case of ver. 18 ( c ).
3 x
c hul-lu, imp. masc. pi., Conj. I., from J>- to so/fle, loosen.
Comp. 15.
* 'l-hai-ha-la, ace. of ver. 14 ( J ).
e wa-*a-nd, conj. j before pers. pron. 1 pers. sing., emphatic
before the verb in the 1st person.
92 II. v. 19.- JOHN. II. v. 20.
, ^ ^3 ^ x-xx tf
t^wj a ^ t; 5j-f^ *-J j^ (*y
six In ,Jews-the him-to said-And .days three in
I) \ a
up-it-rear thou-wilt ,temple-)( this built-was year forty-and
/ s-u-qi-mu-hu, fut. 1 pers. sing, of ver. 12 (/) (for the
Damma of the preformative, \ , comp. fut. of the reg. Conj.
IV., p. 20; i of irr. Parad. 5, 16, is changed, in this conj.,
into <_$), with 3 pers. masc. sing.
9 tha-la-tha-ti, num. masc. gen. case. Comp. 28.
* s-ay-ya-min, pi. (fractus) of Josh. ver. 2 ( m ), gen. case.
Comp. ver. 20 ( J ).
VERSE 20.
a sit-tin, wa-s-ar-ba-zl-na, 28, No. 3.
* sa-na-tan, subst. fern. sing. ace. case, R. Uu-j (prop. ^5*^).
NOTE. The numbers from 3 to 10 are followed by the
thing counted in the pi. gen. case ; beyond 10, the
noun follows in the sing. ace. case, as above. The
noun, however, may precede the numbers from 3 to
10, and then the latter correspond with the subst.
as regards the cases.
c bu-ni-ya, pret. 3 pers. masc. sing., Conj. I., pass. 16,
Parad. 9, p. 31.
d s.a-fa-*an-ta 9 \ interrog. ( 29, No. 1), uJ conj., and pers.
pron. 2 pers. masc. sing.
II. v. 20. J H N. II. v. 22. 93
.body-bis ,temple-the-by understood-truly he But Pdays three in
he-that disciples-his remembered ,dead-the from rose-he when- And
X 1 X-C-OX v J O~O OX^X- X-x- X- X"
word-the-and ,scriptures-the-in believed-they-and : spoken-had that-respecting
e tu-qi-mu-hu, 2 pers. of (/).
VERSE 21.
fa-s.am-ma, < s before conj.
* fa--a-nd, conj. < 5, here emphatical, before pret. 3 pers.
masc. sing. irr. Parad. 9, 16.
c ja-sa-da-hu, subst. masc. sing. ace. case (of &**&-), with
suff. 3 pers. masc. sing.
VERSE 22.
a qa-ma, pret. 3 pers. masc. sing. irr. Parad. 5, 16.
S O x- xx
6 '1-s.am-wd-ti, subst. masc. pi. irr., from L^x*, R. Ll^t*
c li-ha-dzd, pref. J before demon, pron.
d fa-sa-ma-nu, conj. uJ, and pi. of ver. 11 ( h ).
e Ul-ku-tu-U, pref. ^, article, and subst. masc. pi. gen.
case, irr. of t>lJo , from ^^ to write.
94 II. e. 22. JOHN. II. v. 23.
,many name-his-in believed- And .Jesus ) (-said-had which
O G~0 x ^ jx-
looked they-for ,passover-the-of feast- (the) on Jerusalem-in was-he when
/ wal-ka-li-ma-ti, conj. j, article, and subst. fern. sing. gen.
case. Comp. Josh. ver. 9 ().
ff 'l-la-tl, fern, of Josh. ver. 9 (?).
h qa-la-hd, pret. 3 pers. masc. sing., with suff. 3 pers. fern,
sing., pleonastically referring to (/).
VERSE 23.
a wa-s.a-ma-na, conj. j before pret. 3 pers. masc. sing. For
Madda, see 5, No. 7.
s c
6 lis-mi-hi, pref. ^ before subst. masc. sing., *~J', (with
i prosthetic, for *~o), gen. case, with sufF. 3 pers. masc. sing.
' s x- x^ ^
c ka-thl-ru-na, adj. masc., pi. of^Ui , frornj-o^ to 5e many.
d s-idz, conjunction.
e z-^', subst. masc. sing. gen. case, from we (media uf)
to repeat, be accustomed, to turn, change.
f 'l-fis-hi, gen. of ver. 13 ( 6 ) with the article.
<-
9 ll-f-an-na-hum, compd. of J , ^i (that*), and suff. 3 pers.
masc. pi.
h .a-ya-nu, pret. 3 pers. masc. pi., Conj. III. (comp. Parad,
II. v. 23. J H N. II. v. 24. 95
x
UU 024
did not Jesua But .did-he which miracles-the-at
o
- - "'d
b>' j*' <u'
not-And .one every-with acquainted was he-for ,them-in-confide
p. 30), from ^^, media u, irr. Parad. 8, 16 ; so that when
1 , characteristic of the third conjugation, is inserted after the
first radical, the original ^ is introduced as the second radical.
'l-ta-ya-ti, pi. (irr. or fractus) dat. case of ver. 11 ( 6 ).
* See ver. 11 (^).
1 .a-mi-la, pret. 3 pers. masc. sing. ( 10, rem. 1), where
we ought to have mentioned that there are also some transitive
verbs, with Kasra under the second radical.
VEESE 24.
a See ver. 21 ().
6 fa-lam, conj. i_J, here emphatic (comp. ver. 21 6 ) before
adverb.
Ox
c ya-kun, fut. 3 pers. masc. sing., Conj. I., apoc. (after J
o ox x xl
which also converts the fut. into a pret.) for &*. , from ^> ;
comp. 16, Parad. 5, in which class the second radical j is
regularly dropped in the fut. apoc. For the auxiliary cha-
racter of this verb, comp. ver. 3 ( d ).
d yd-ma-nu-hum, fut. A, 3 pers. masc. sing., with suff.
x x
3 pers. masc. pi., Conj. I., from ( .^\ , Parad. 1, 16.
e Comp. ver. 23 (ff).
96 II. v. 24. -J H N. II. t>. 25.
^CV ^^U Hi I
,inen concerning one-any him-to testify-should that required
y
,man-)( in (is) -what knew he-for
/ serves as an auxiliary to the following participle, to ex-
press the imperfect mood, lit. was knowing.
ff zd-ri-fan, part. masc. sing., Conj. I., ace. case. Comp.
ver. 6 (/).
h bl-kul-li, gen. of Josh. ver. 4 (y), governed by prep. <. ? ,
with which the preceding verb is construed.
* ta-ha-din, adj. num. masc. sing. gen. case, 28.
VEBSE 25.
a b Comp. ver. 24 ( c d ) ; yah-td-ju, fut. 3 pers. masc. sing.,
Conj. VIII. (from the pret. ^L-^), R. r^> irr. Parad. 8,
c yash-ka-da, fut. A naslated (after ^t, see 11, rem. 1,
also note), 3 pers. masc. sing., from
d See ver. 10 ().
e ya-la-mu, fut. A, 3 pers. masc. sing., from *lc ( 11,
rem. 1) ; for the future used here instead of the preterite, see
ver. 6 (*) : this future is preceded by the auxiliary verb in the
preterite, forming a contructio ad sensum.
/ '-*iK-a-m', article before ver. 10 ().
97
A L Q R A N.
CHAP. LXIV.
.gracious-the ,merciful-the ,God-of name- (the) In
L^J c^i^lljT 6 4 u Jj l^_lJ fl i
X X x- x ^ x
(is) whatever-and heavens-the in (is) whatever God-to praise-give-Shall 1
a bis-mi, pref. < * and subst. masc. sing. gen. case of *~>\ .
Comp. John, ver. 23 ( J ).
b c 'r-rah-ma-ni 'r-ra-hl-mi, article before adj. masc. sing,
gen. case, from ^~j to be merciful, gracious, propitious.
VERSE 1.
a yu-sab-bi-fyu, fut. 3 pers. masc. sing., Conj. II., from
<^vx*j to say (spoken of God), to praise, to use many words.
h 's-sa-ma-ivd-ti, article before subst. pi. gen. case, irr. of
fU**; , from U~j to be high.
S XXX
NOTE. PI. Cl?'j^~j terminates in all the oblique cases
alike with Kasra, CU ,
98 LXIV. v. I. ALQORAN. LXIV. v. 2.
O ^ 0-0
e <L-J, cX-L^-H <U (.siUI (J
-x ^^ -x
,praise-the him-to-and ,dominion- the- (belong) him- to ; earth- the in
who he-is-It 2 .mighty thing every over (is)-he-and
5 > *>
e
^
,believer-a (another) you-of-and, unbeliever-an (is-one) you-Of .you-created
c 'l-s-ar-'di, article before subst. sing. gen. case.
* 'l-mul-ku, article before subst. sing. com. gen., from
C^JsL* to possess, to have dominion over, to reign.
e 'l-ham-du, article before subst. masc. sing., from
to praise, to laud, give thanks.
f shai-s-in, subst. masc. sing. gen. case of *.< , from
ff qa-dl-run, adj. masc. sing. nom. case, referring back to
j^j , from j&s to be strong, able, mighty.
VEESE 2.
a 'l-la-dzl, relat. pron. masc. sing., 25.
5 na-la-qa-hum, pret. 3 pers. masc. sing., with suff. 2 pers.
masc. pi.
c fa-min-kum, compd. of c- J (and), ^ 9 and suff. 2 pers.
masc. pi.
LXIV. v. 2. ALQORAN. LXIV. v. 3. 99
S '
created-haa-He 3 .beholding- (is) do-you whatever God-but
x x 'Si -O
e sH 1 -
beautifled-and ,you-fashioned-has-and ,truth-the-in earth-the-and heavens-the
d kd-fi-run, prop., particip., masc. sing., as a noun of agency,
from j$$ to cover, conceal, deny.
e muz-mi-nun, subst. masc. sing., from ^\ or ( ^\ . Comp.
John, ver. 22 (<*).
/ taz-ma-lu-na, fut. A, 2 pers. masc. pi., Conj. I., from
ba-sl-run, a verbal subst. or noun of agency (of which
grammarians give thirty-three different forms), masc. sing.,
from^aJ to see.
VEESE 3.
a See ver. 2 ( J ). b See ver. 1 ( & ) and note.
c wal-s.ar-da, conj.j before ace. of ver. 1 ( c ).
d bil-haq-qi, pref. C-?, article, and subst. masc. sing. gen.
& x '
case, from ^- to be necessary, right, Just.
e wa-saw-wa-ra-kum, conj.j before pret. 3 pers. masc. sing.,
^ ^x
Conj. II., from jL (to cut, divide], media j, which in this
conjugation is introduced and made audible on account of
Tashdid characteristic (comp. Parad. 5, 16), with suff.
2 pers. masc. pi.
100 LXIV. v. 3. ALQORAN. LXIV. v. 4.
J L.
in (is) what knows-He 4 .returning-the (is) bim-to-and ,forms-your
whatever-and conceal-you whatever knows-he-and ,earth-the-and heavens-the
d
.hearts-the-of state- (the) -with acquainted (is) God-and ; manifest-you
j>Ju*)V e^<XJ e r ^ d *JJ\j ^
//a-*A-5a-wa, conj. uJ and pret. 3 pers. masc. sing.,
Conj. IV., from j.^**^ to be good, fair, elegant.
Qs* T^ *>
ff su-wa-ra-kum, subst. pi. ace. case of jye, oftener ^jj-^.
Comp. ( e ).
h wa- *i-lai-hi, conj. j and prep. ,Ji, with suff. 3 pers.
masc. sing.
* 'l-ma-si-ru, article before verbal subst., see ver. 2 (*),-
masc. sing., from j*?, media t_^, to turn, turn round, to be-
long to.
VERSE 4.
x x
a ya-la-mu, fut. ^4, 3 pers. masc. sing., from tie. For
the use of the future, see John, ver. 6 (*).
. 6 tu-sir-ru-na, fut. 2 pers. masc. pi., Conj. IV.,
to conceal ( 15).
c tu-li-nu-na, fut. 2 pers. masc. pi., Conj. IV., from j
fo be manifest.
d za-ll-mun, verbal subst. masc. sing. Comp. ().
LXIV. c. 4. ALQORAN. LXIV. e. 5. 101
?old-of from disbelieved who-those-of report-a you-reached not- (Has) 5
torment (reserved-is)-them-for-and ,doing-their-of punishment- (the) tasted-they-how
e bi-dzd-ti, pref. L_> before subst. fern. sing. gen. case, from
J, masc., lit. essence, substance.
f 's-su-du-ri, article before subst. masc. pi. irr., from jX^
sing.
VEESE 5.
s-a-lam, lit. whether not, \ interrog. particle and J not.
J yas-ti-kum, John, ver. 10 ( e ) with suff. 2 pers. masc. pi.
c na-ba-*u, subst. masc. sing., from uj to announce.
d 'l-la-dzi-na, relat. pron. masc. pi., 25.
e ka-fa-ru, pret. 3 pers. masc. pi. Comp. ver. 2 (<*).
/ qab-lu, comp. Josh. ver. 4 ( w ).
9 fa-dzd-qu, conj. -J and pret. 3 pers. masc. pi., from J^3
irr., Parad. 5, 16.
^ XX
h wa-bd-la, subst. masc. sing. ace. case, from Jjj to propel,
to drive.
* s.am-ri-him, subst. masc. sing. gen. case (of^*i), from
j*\ to command.
* -a-dzd-bun, subst. masc. sing. R. C-JJtf ^o hinder, restrain.
102 LXIV. v. 5. ALQORAN. LXIV. v. 6.
apostles-their them-to come-had-)( that-because ,this-(And) 6 .excruciating
disbelieved-they-And ? us-direct-shall Flesh ,said-they-but ,demonstrations-with
*>st
1 s-a-lz-mun, adj. masc. sing. *J i fo inflict pain.
VERSE 6.
i
a U-s.an-na-hu, compd. of < > m, ^1 ^Aa#, and suff. X it.
b kd-nat, pret. 3 pers. fern, sing., from ^li , helps to form
the pluperfect. Comp. John, ver. 3 ( & ).
c tds-'tl-hum, fut. 3 pers. fern, sing., with suff. 3 pers. masc.
pi. Comp. ver. 5 ( & ).
d ru-su-lu-hum, subst. masc. pi. irr. of Jj*^>, with suff.
3 pers. masc. pi., from tJ~y to send.
e bil-bay-yi-nd-ti, pref. C-J, article, and subst. fern. pi. of
S'~' ' ' '
4-y^), from ^u to distinguish, to explain.
f fa-qa-lu, conj. c- i and pret. 3 pers. masc. pi., from JlS,
Farad. 5, 16.
ff s.a-ba-sha-run, \ interrog. particle and subst. masc. sing.
h yah-du-na-nd, fut. 3 pers. masc. pi., Conj. I., with suff.
** .x
1 pers. pi., from
LXIV. v 6. ALQORAN. LXIV. v. 7. 103
sufficient-self (is) God-and ,God is-rich-but ; away-turned-and
not that disbelieve that-those Imagine 7 .praised-be-to-worthy (and)
; raised-be-shall-you ,Lord-my-by , Surely ,say ? dead-the-from-raised-be-shall-they
wa-ta-wal-lau, conj. j and pret. 3 pers. masc. pi., Conj.
V., from Jj
k was-tag-na, conj. j with pret. 3 pers. masc. sing., Conj. X.,
R. ^__5^ to be rich ; God is said to be rich, i. e. not needing
any one, or any one's testimony.
1 ga-ni-yun, adj. masc. sing. Comp. the preceding.
m ha-ml-dun, verbal subst. Comp. ver. 1 ( e ) and ver. 2 (0).
VEESE 7.
a za-.a-ma, pret. 3 pers. masc. sing., used distributively
instead of the plural.
* Ian, i. q. * .
c yub-z-a-thu, fut. 3 pers. masc. pi. nasbated (after J , 11,
note), passive of Conj. I., from ci<*x-J .
d qul, imp. masc. sing., from Jo, Parad. 5, 16.
e ba-ld, adverb.
104 LXIV. v. 7. ALQORAN. LXIV. v. 8.
ith this-for ; done-have-you what-of iijfonned-be-shall-you-verily then
i ~>s **s^ -5J -o , A~^ s s G -o
<UJL>
light-the-and ,apostles-his-and ,God-in therefore-Believe 8 .easy (is)-God
.acquainted (is) do-you what-with God-and ,down-sent-haye-we which
/ iva-rab-bl, conj. j ( 31) and subst. masc. sing, with suff.
1 pers. sing. Comp. Josh. ver. 6 (').
9 la-tub-z-a-thun-na, pref. J as an affirmative adv. ( 29,
No. 3) before fut. parag. (11, No. 3, and note), 2 pers. masc.
pi. Comp. ver. 5 ( c ).
h la-tu-nab-ba-s-un-na, J (comp. preced.) and fut. parag.
2 pers. masc. pi. passive of Conj. II. ; for the R. see ver. 5 ( c ).
za-mil-tum, pret. 2 pers masc. pi. Comp. ver. 2 (/).
* ya-sl-run, adj. masc. sing. Comp. Josh. ver. 12 ().
VERSE 8.
a fa-ta-mi-nu, conj. < 5 and imp. masc. pi., Conj. IV.
Comp. 5, No. 7.
6 wa-ra-su-li-M, subst. masc. sing. gen. case (after c J of
the preceding word), with 3 pers. masc. sing. Comp. ver. 6 ( rf ).
c wan-nu-ri, conj.j, article, and subst. masc. sing. ger>.
case. Comp. preceding.
LXIV. v. 8. ALQORAN. LXIV. v. 9. 105
CJJJ
day- (the) (is) -that ,assembly-of day- (the) -for you-assemble-will-he day-a-On 9
& ~o c j ox^ j^-6-o
,righteousnes3 do-and God-in believe-shall whosoever-And .deception-mutual-of
s ,
d s-an-zal-na, pret. 1 pers. pi., Conj. IV., from jjjj to descend.
x 1 -^" x*
e fta-bi-run, adj. masc. sing., from j^ 2 *- to be expert, to know.
VEKSE 9.
a yau-ma, subst. in the ace. case adverbially.
* ya/-ma-.u-kum, fut. 3 pers. masc. sing., Conj. I., with
2 pers. masc. pi., from -*^~.
c 't-ta-gd-bu-ni, article before subst. masc. sing. gen. case,
from ,j^ to defraud, deceive.
NOTE By the day of mutual deception is understood
the day of judgment, when, according to the doctrine
of the prophet of Mecca, the righteous will deceive
the wicked, by taking the places which the latter
would have occupied in Paradise, had they been
true believers. The word, therefore, is used for the
heading of this chapter.
o ^
d yu-min, fut. 3 pers. masc. sing. apoc. (after ^ 9 11,
note), Conj. IV., from ( .y*\ (comp. Parad. 1, 16) ; in conse-
quence of the Damma with preformative, characteristic of this
conjugation, the radical 1 is changed to j.
106 LXIV. v. 9. ALQORAN. LXIV. v. 9.
tf * oC ^", x.-CxOw>.^
4LjLj^. 4JUk.4Ljr^ 4J"U-/ <U& ^-L=u/
( where) -gardens-into him-introduce-shall-he-and ,sins-liia him-from expiate-shall-he
.ever-for therein dwelling ,rivers-the them-benesth from flow-shall
e fut. apoc. Comp. preceding and ver. 8 (*}.
.' f ^
f aa-li-han, subst. masc. sing. ace. case, from ^-* ^o fo rtyA/,
upright.
9 yu-kaf-Jir, fut. apoc., 3 pers. masc. sing., Conj. II., from
j-s-i to cover.
h zan-hu, prep, with suff. 3 pers. masc. sing.
sai-ya-ti-hi, subst. fern, pi., gen. case (governed by the
S J-*'
preceding prep.), irr., from the sing. 4^~i, from ^Ls, prop.
\j~s to be evil, to do evil ; suff. 3 pers. masc. sing.
k wa-yud-ftil-hu, conj. j, fut. 3 pers. masc., Conj. IV., with
x- - -^
suff. 3 pers. masc. sing., from J^-3.
t't x
* jan-na-tm, subst. fern, pi., dat. case, irr. from 4-Xsj- sing.,
^
from ( ^=>- to cover.
m taj-rl, fut. 3 pers. fern, sing., Conj. L, from tJ/ 5 ^, Parad.
9, 16.
S X
n tah-ti-hd, L^^ajJ' , prop, subst., what is beneath, with suff.
3 pers. fern, sing., used distributively.
LXIV. v. 9. ALQORAN. LXIV. v. 10. 107
t^t ss- j, ** "G^a^ *t *<**& o ^ co s *
false-as-declare-and disbelieve who-those-But 10 .great-the ,salvation-the (is) -This
,therein abiding ,flre-the-of inhabitants- (be-shall) those ,signs-our-) (
'l-*an-hd-ru, article before subst. masc. pi., irr. from
-S-J , from *-f-5 ^o ^o^.
5 ^- x-x x-
-P fia-li-di-na, part, masc., pi. pfyjltfk, from <3J^.
ff *a-ba-dan, subst. masc. sing., perpetuity, in the ace. case,
used adverbially.
' s
r 'l-fau-zu, article and subst. masc. sing., from J U fo escape.
-^ x x
U) adj. masc. sing. Uac fo
VERSE 10.
wa-kadz-dza-bu, conj. j before pret. 3 pers. masc. pi.,
X XX
Conj. II., from L-JJ to lie.
b bi-d-yd-ti-na, pi., irr. of John 11 ( b ), gen. case (governed
by c > pref.), with sufF. 1 pers. pi.
c *u-ld-i-ku, another form for *^j \ , 24.
5 x- X ^ ^
d aas-ha-buy subst. masc. pi., irr. of L--O-U?, from c-^sy^
to associate with.
'n-nd-ri, article before subst. masc. sing., gen. case, from
ju , prop. jj3
108 LXIV. v. 10. ALQORAN. LXIV. v. 1.2.
tf ^ * C, x ^ ^ '
except events of happens Nothing 11 ! passage-the-(be-will) wretched-and
jheart-hia direct-will God-in believes whosoever-and ,God-of permission -with
9 J--J *U \j
obey-and ,God obey-And 12 .acquainted- (is) circumstance every-with God-and
/ wa-bi-sa, conj. j before adj. masc. sing., ace. case (comp.
John, ver. 6 /), from (j^H , prop, (jwb to be miserable.
See ver. 3 ( h ).
VERSE 11.
a ta-sa-ba, pret. 3 pers. masc. sing., Conj. IV., from < -?L?.
& mu-sl-ba-tin, subst. fern, sing., gen. case, from the pre-
ceding. c il-ld, adverb.
d bi-tidz-ni t pref. c-> before subst. masc., gen. case, from
^) J i to permit.
e yah-di, fut. 3 pers. masc. sing. apoc. Comp. ver. 6 ( A ).
/ gal-ba-hu, subst. masc. sing., ace. case of l~M .
9 See ver. 1 (/). h See ver. 4 ( d ).
VERSE 12.
a wa-s-a-ti-zu, conj.j and imp. masc. pi., Conj. IV., from
, 8, 16.
LXIV. v. 12. ALQORAN. LXIV. v. 13. 109
UU*
(enjoined-i3)-apostle-our upon Yerily-then ,away-turn-ye if-and ,apostle-the
511 ^1 21 4]t ir
God upon-and ,be but God no ,God 13 .public-the ,preaching-the
.believe who-those I Oh .faithful-the rely-let
ft 'r-ra-su-la, article before subst. masc. sing., ace. case.
Comp. ver. 6 (<*).
c ta-wal-lai-tum, pret. 2 pers. masc. pi. Comp. ver. 6 (*).
d fa-s-in-na-ma, compd. of < J conj., ^ and I* as an adverb.
e ra-su-li-na, subst. masc. sing., gen. case (governed by the
preceding prep.), with suff. 1 pers. pi. See ver. 6 ( d }.
f 'l-ba-ld-gu, article before subst. masc. sing. -Lj to be
eloquent.
ff 'l-mu-bl-nu, article before adj. masc. sing., from ^b (med.
t.?) to be manifest.
VERSE 13.
fal-ya-ta-wak-ka-li, uJ consequential, J as an affirmative
adverb, and fut. 3 pers. masc. sing., Conj. V., from J^J to
commend.
b 'l-mu-mi-nu-na, article before pi. of ver. 2 ( e }.
110 LXIV. V-. 14. ALQORAN. LXIV. v. 14.
,you-to enemies- (are-some) children-your-of-and wives-your of ,surely
,(offences-their)-cover-and ,pardon-and ,forgiye-ye if-and ; them-of-beware
VERSE 14.
a ya-s-ay-yu-ha, two interjections frequently used together
in invocations.
& t-d-ma-nu, pret. 3 pers. masc. pi., Conj. IV. Comp. 5,
No. 7.
c s-az-wd-ji-kum, subst., com. gen., pi., irr. of ^jjj, gen.
case, with suff. 2 pers. masc. pi.
d wa-au-ld-di-kum, conj. j before subst. pi., irr. of <jJj,
from IMJ to bear, with suff. 2 pers. masc. pi.
e s.a-duw-wan> subst., com. gen., ace. case sing., used col-
lectively, from i Ac to be unjust towards any one, to hate.
f fah-dza-ru-hum, pref. 4_J (emphatical) before imp. masc.
pi., fromjtX- , with suff. 3 pers. masc. pi.
g ta-fu, fut. 2 pers. masc. pi. apoc. (after ^\ , 11, note),
Conj. I., from VAC to obliterate.
h wa-tas-fa-hu, conjj before fut. 2 pers. masc. pi. apoc.,
from f&+0 to turn away from, to ignore.
wa-tag-fi-ru, conj. j before fut. / (see note, John 23 *),
2 pers. masc. pi. apoc. R. r^c.
LXIV. v. 14. ALQORAN. LXIV. v. 15. Ill
-o^ ^ "& s ' 9 * ^ ~o ^
wealth-your ,Surely 15 .merciful ,forgiving (is)-God ,YeriIy-then
^ S O o^O ^"fi ~O^ 5" ^ C O J ^ s^''
UJ
j
.great reward (is) -him- with ,God-but ,temptation-a (are)-children-your-and
,obey-and hear-and ,able-are-ye as-much-as God Fear 16
k ga-fu-run, adj. masc. sing. Comp. the preceding.
1 ra-hl-mun, comp. the heading.
VERSE 15.
a tam-wd-lu-kum, subst. masc. pi., irr. of Jb, from
wa-au-ld-du-kum, conj.j before gen. case of ver. 14 (<*).
fa-na-ton, subst. fern, sing., ,jA5 to try, essay, struggle.
d s-aj-run, subst. masc. sing., from^- 1 to reward, repay.
VERSE 16.
fat-ta-qu, pref. t J (emphatical) before imp. masc. pi.,
Conj. VIII., from ^j , doubly anomalous. Comp. reg. Conj.
VIII. with irr. 16, Parad. 4, forj, and Parad. 9, for c/.
x "*
b ' ' s-ta-ta-tum, pret. 2 pers. masc. pi., Conj. *K. of v.
Comp. ver. 12 ().
x- ^
c was-ma--u, conj.j, and imp. masc. pi. Conj. I., from
d See ver. 12 ().
112 LXIV. v. 16. ALQORAN. LXIV. v. 17.
s- *i c/ " o j j c^ & o s j ojt^
j^* ^ j*C-jJLa \j-^ f IjJ-iJl/
kept-is whatsoever-and ,souls-your-of good-the-for wealth-your-spend-and
If 17 .prosperous-the (are) -who those-(of-is-he) soul-his-of coYetousness-from
forgive-and ,you-to it-double-will-he ,(one)-good-a ,loan-a God lend-you
f - tva-s.an-Ji-qu, conj. j and imp. masc. pi., .Conj. IV., from
(JAJ to go out.
f hai-ran, subst. masc. sing., ace. case (for the formation of
the prep. <J , comp. John, ver. 6 /), from jU- .
S <* '
9 li-s-an-fu-si-kum, prep. <J before subst. pi. of (j*J-> , gen.
case, with suff. 2 pers. masc. pi.
h yu-qa, fut. 3 pers. masc. sing., pass, of Conj. I., apoc.
(after 4i ^, 11, note), 1^5^,, from ^j. Comp. ().
* shuh-ha, subst. masc. sing., ace. case (comp. John, ver. 6/),
from /^u*j to be greedy.
k naf-si-hi, sing, of (0), gen. case, with 3 pers. masc. sing.
1 fa-^u-ld-s.i-Jca^ pref. u_5 (emphatical), and ver. 10 ( c ).
m ' l-muf-li-hu-na, article before subst. masc. pi., from
f** t Conj. IV., to prosper.
VEESE 17.
o
a tuq-ri-du, fut. 2 pers. masc. pi. apoc. (after ^), Conj. IV.,
from L>O rS to cut. cut off.
LXIV. v. 17. ALQORAN. LXIV. v. 18. 113
0-0
b
,concealed-i9-what Knowing ,intelligent , grateful (is)-God-for >you
o s C/-O j x C-O ,- x- ^ ~Cx
^JO^SjJ I JkJ _Xw 1 ^^V_._^v._J It
.wise-the ,mighty-the ,mamfest-is-what-and
b qar-dan, subst. masc, sing., ace. case. See ( re ).
c ha-sa-nan, adj. masc. sing., ace. case, from ,j*>^- to be
good.
d yu-dd-zif-hu, fut. 3 pers. masc. sing., Conj. III., from
& with sufT. 3 pers. masc. sing.
wa-yag-fir, conj.j, with fut. 3 pers. masc. sing, apoc.,
to cover.
X-/ X*
/ sha-ku-run, adj. masc. sing., frorn^-> to be grateful,
ff ha-ll-mun, adj. masc. sing., from /w^*- to be intelligent.
VERSE 18.
a z-a-li-mu, part. masc. sing., from A^
6 'l-gai-bi, article and subst. masc. sing., gen. case (lit.
knower of the concealed"), from C>l to be invisible, absent.
c loash-sha-hd-da-ti, conj.j, article, and subst. fern, sing.,
gen. case (comp. the preceding), from <^Z to be present, to
be witness.
d 'l-za-zi-zu, article before adj. masc. sing. J^ to be strong.
c 'l-ha-kl-mu, article before adj. masc. sing., A^>- to be ivise.
GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES
BLEITDED IN
FAMILIAK AND EASY PHRASES/
THE VOCABULARY OF PREPOSITIONS.
In spite of his relations.
After the English fashion.
*
S ** x "CJ
As to what he writes. c <Jl I* ti v*ls
Without the knowledge of her relations.
* It is necessary here to inform the learner that, in common con-
versation, neither the tenwins nor the vowels are sounded when they
occur at the end of words. The last letter is generally regarded as
-J O j
accompanied by a skoon (o). Thus, e. g. L^vlj is not read, or pro-
i O
nounced, qul-tu, but quit; *-Lc is not sounded .il-mi^ but zilm.
The exceptions to this rule are, however, very numerous, and can
only be acquired by practice.
116 GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES.
Under twelve guineas. Uu ^Lc ^j\ ^ Jjj!
With his mother. <u! ^-+ At our house. Ljjta <
s <* ' s-
s s s
At his house. ^b J At her house. U^b 4
At your house.
Against the advice of his friends.
In the little box.
In France.
Since his arrival. <U^?j Juu ^
From the beginning. IjJoLM ^
^' * ^ x
00-0 ^ ^ ^ (s xOx
Upon or under the chair.
Between them.
One towards another.
^S'iS, ~~ ^,
x *f ^ x Ox0>. O
From London to Tunis.
Except her mother.
For a sum of money.
^.
Notwithstanding the bad weather. l> J^,
VOCABULARY OP PREPOSITIONS. 117
In spite of all oppositions.
Besides my lodging.
By land.
Among authors.
During the day.
During the war. c.
For my sister.
Without recommendation.
After you. *<A*j Before me.
Behind the church.
>
According to your advice.
o"3 <o ^ o ^
Under the rubbish.
Upon the table.
Concerning that affair.
About four o'clock.
In my hand.
118 GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES.
About the garden. (jlxuuj] !
For want of speaking to him.
Along the river.
*
Near the Royal Exchange.
Out of the room.
Far from his country.
** ^ s
Near me, by me.
Near the fire. jUil
Over against the Royal Palace.
On your account. ^^ After which.
To the great regret of his friends.
O^O-d C
Close to the ground. ^j U I te
s '
Close to my brother. ^j>~\
By means of the night.
sL
At the expense of Government. Jj
Sheltered from the rain.
VOCABULARY OF PREPOSITIONS. 119
xO0-0 x xO tf x
As far as the first town. JjU \ xJk*U L 5^=>-
As for me. U ! Ulj
0-*3 x O x xx
At the rate of five per cent.
Even with the ground.
In the middle of the night.
By night.
At the peril of his life.
By dint of courage.
His sister excepted.
By his will.
To meet his father.
Below him. <JuUs> Above the prince.
Screened from slander.
On this side the Thames.
Between the Turks and ^jT x x ' ^\\\ x
the Russians. y~^*J) <jJJj L-JyU!
On the other side of the ^ *,r ' ' *<r? \*
~r\ i ftJ A iAj i ^^* t^^ V i \ t _*! i^
Danube. Jv (iT i > r > ~ ul H^^
120 GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES.
In the French tongue. i^Ljl^i \ <*)
c
With all my heart. if*\) (^ ( or jO ^.
By the whole head.
Very early.
From Paris.
By his riches and credit.
Under the chair.
O J C j
On my arrival at London. (j^
Against the will of his father. auo!
Even his enemies. &J\AS\
s*s
On account of his relations. &j^\ t/^ss>
Instead of learning your lesson. CXI>^2 *-LIjf U
o'Si
By dint of studying.
In a short time.
* A c_; with three points beneath is the usual substitute for
the P, which letter the Arabs have not.
121
*UA!!j
THE VOCABULARY OF ADVERBS AND NOUNS.
0-0 xx j G
He will marry her.
They dress themselves.
I heard no talk of it. *UiJ
She is gone to the play. L-^dJ 1
You shall not have it. *JJuJ
I have seen him walk.
Have you been ?
They have not been. Ijjlf U (orjl) \jjj>
I have been.
He has acted. J*J
X J XX
You'll find my book.
Have you seen him ?
I have foreseen that he
would succeed. ?*^ cT
122 GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES.
You'll find your handkerchief.
There is a great friendship.
There are about six miles.
They have all consented to it. CJJjj \y*j +&
He will recommend our *iik.1 \ "
brother. ^"^^ L-T^ L^^** 9 ^
^ *> ^ ^G^ss. ^Z
I walk every day. AJJ J^ .XuJ I L) \
He will succeed.
I spend every week a ... ..
^ -
- x -
They have sent the provisions. /Uy 1
5 ^ Jx
There is a great deal of envy.
I have seen him. pass twice.
The people are great sufferers.
Have you sent it?
It is difficult to find s
a good place.
He is arrived. J^j jjj
I'll drink.
x O
VOCABULAKY OF ADVERBS AND NOUNS. 123
I have met your brother.
I have written to his father.
Eight men have been buried.
Has he written ?
You'll find me at the coffee-house.
He has passed.
He walks every day.
x-xx-OjT
He'll forget your affairs. Ct)JU-i>l
x-O'S'
We walked.
I have found your sister.
X x^X XXX x
He has pushed your brother. CJ vcM ^J J j
His cousin is still there.
Sit down.
Why don't you keep yourself?
I have spoken to your father.
There was a ball.
124 GKAMMATICAL EXEKCISES.
^
I would not speak to him. <uK! C
Otf .0 CO xv x^
He went to the East Indies. ^5*^*^ dJ^il ^sL
x- X,i O
Bring the tulips. ^jaJ&\ ^
f s s
He was sitting. UU-
S "
He made his escape. S-^
XO x- C-0 O
The palace will be built.
We are here. o .^
x" x- o O X /
I have accompanied your brother. CJ U-l c^Xsy^ Ij !
I shall always be glad to " x " r -^ _*->-. -4
see you. _,
He lends money.
I ordered my country house
to be built.
We have heard a noise. ^Tj** ^***~>
0-55 -o
He travels by night.
They have won the battle.
He has favoured all his family. (^ &j*L>& <*Jix*t\
He is gone.
VOCABULARY OP ADVERBS AND NOUNS. 125
^
Your brother is ... . . . j&
^
Dukes are ... . . . *fc
You will be nowhere. -* <J
There are fine buildings.
There has been a battle. <xij L^O I?
x C, xxO-O X-J.-0 x xOx-x x
You'll improve in the French tongue.
I love your brother.
x x O w
He has applied himself to writing. <UxG b
o
He is taller. (^
I shallset out to-morrow. \&e j
He has been elected member of divan, or parliament.
You have left your book. cJoU L^-V!^
x -~<<- - <>-- ^
I have found your handkerchief. ctXX^-ay^ eUJcj-j U!
There were great rejoicings at St. Jlames'.
126 GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES.
He is married.
Every one admires his
wit.
He has refused to marry.
"*
You do nothing but ,
prattle. ' ^ "' U ^^
He has learned English. jj\j LJ lj A*}' *&
THE FOREGOING VERBS AND NOUNS JOINED WITH
THE PREPOSITIONS.
He will marry her in spite ," f y . " *''' "
of his relations. W| U^ 4
r b
Ix"^" X"
They dress themselves after the English fashion.
J ^ UA L^ox4^ U ^JZ>
As to what he writes, I heard no talk of it.
She is gone to the play without the knowledge of her
relations.
VERBS AND NOUNS WITH PREPOSITIONS. 12?
^ jib dill" 5
You shall not have it under twelve guineas.
I have seen him walk with his
mother. *?} t* J*
Have you been at our house? \jj\A
Have you not been at his x
house? 5> Sr
They have not been at her house. Ifejt J t
x' X
I have been at your house. cJ^I J ^
He has acted against the advice of his friends.
You'll find my book in the little box.
XX O x-x - .
She is now in France. <Lj Ls jj ^
.
^ ^ x G^
Have you seen him since his arrival? <Uj-<?j Juo
From the beginning I foresaw that he would succeed.
j! Jjj
You'll find your handkerchief upon or under the chair.
128 GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES.
There is a great friendship ^^ * - - ^ -
between them. r^ *j& <^ ^
. ,G-C x- x- j xG-O ^ x- G 'd -O xx > * '
' \ \ \ tit" ttl't {
Let us have humanity one towards another.
i^s" ' w~ (j;
There are about six miles from London at Acton.
_ci"f "& xx O xx G^-i.
<ul 51!
They have all consented to it except his mother.
He will recommend your brother for a sum of money.
<#^ jOw-c ^^- o^ ^o-o -Si v ^ >
I walk every day, notwithstanding the bad weather.
He will succeed in spite of all opposition.
I spend two guineas a week beside my lodging.
..xO-O /x- XS^G-0
j&\ 4 ^
They have sent the provisions by land.
jO-O ' O .
There is a great deal of envy among authors.
VERBS AND NOUNS WITH PREPOSITIONS. 129
I have seen him pass twice during the day.
j CxO~<3 xx x # x
C-^U j!j U ^jJ L5 -o
The people are great sufferers during the war.
Have you sent it for my * " "
sister?
x-Cx C^ x' Ox' x-XJ C/i
It is difficult to find a good place without recommendation.
He arrived before me. t_5^
' s (j s
I'll drink after you. jjjoo
I met your brother behind the church.
,- $.^ s o ^
CX>\; l^*u>
"
I have written to his father, according to your advice.
O'C' -O x- O^ jx ^C x ~ ~0 x Jx-
/^i^-U L^VSS* |yJJo^ JU^JI ^ Lo
Eight men have been buried under the rubbish.
-1f 4 I I VM.
Has he written concerning that affair?
x x xC/JG-0 xO xOx 0-0
You'll find me at the coffee-house about four o'clock.
10
130 GRAMMATICAL EXEECISES.
Gxo~o
He has passed through the yard. (^
I walk every day about the garden.
For want of speaking to him, he'll forget your affairs.
We walked along the /^ V 'Tf'v 5 - --
river.
-rir
I met your sister near the royal palace.
1 > Jb
He has pushed your brother out of the room.
X GX.SX x X* w x , C
iw.uJ ^c ^\ -^- 15* . _^^ <v**c. ^J 1
xx^ x .. ^ ^x ^
His cousin is still far from his country.
Sit down near me.
Ak
Why don't you keep yourself near the fire ?
iLLiU
I have spoken to your father over against the royal palace.
After which there was a ball. JJ l CJJ J
VEEBS AND NOUNS WITH PREPOSITIONS. 131
I would not speak to him on " , , * -"-[>( " 'f , "
cJl^j <uli ci>Ji U
your account. ->
j x- ^ o ^ (j ^ s <->"& -o -j-*o xx- x- x-.*
<LJ Icsy^ 1 ^uxsJLj <LOyiJ i jjA^LJ ^-i LJ j&
He went to tKe East Indies to the great regret of his
friends.
Cut the tulips close to the ground.
He was sitting close to my ^ ' \'\\" "
brother. ^ ^>*# U >
He made his escape by means ,
of the night.
The palace will be built at the expense of Government.
y^ er?
We are sheltered here from the rain.
I accompanied your brother as far as the first town.
X X*v> # -0 ^ <#^^ J >i^ ^^t ^>^^
cJLjj^ bjj*** W^ jj^L L)l ULs
As for me, I shall always be glad to see you.
* ~ ^
* Jb
- ~
He lends money at the rate of five per cent.
^ x O -O s s O^ xOj Ox- ^
<LclJLn <j ^JLoLs ^j jjbajo ci^l
I ordered my country-house to be built even with the
ground.
132 GKAMMATICAL EXEKCISES.
We heard a noise in the middle of the night.
Ox- <*
JUuJLU
He travels by night at the peril of his life.
^^55-0 < o ss'^-G
JUjJJ 1
They won the battle by dint of courage.
^ O^ <> 3 ^ ^01 - x-XOx s '<. sj
He has favoured all his family by his will, his sister
excepted.
^ ^^
He is gone to meet his father. <UJ 1 <LbliUJ
s s ' s
*i x-0 / ^
Your brother is below him.
Dukes are above Earls.
You will be nowhere screened from slander.
life ^
There are fine buildings on this side the Bagrada.
X- Xj^ O |^> C .JO -O x'Ox'xX X-O^O-O x' O X ^x-Ox- O X X- O
lM <uji iiU j^
There has been a battle between the Turks and the
Russians on the other side of the Danube.
VERBS AND NOUNS WITH PREPOSITIONS. 133
5> x- O x'x 0-0 x- -J, -O ^ x- ( ^ .^ x'-SJ ~0 x x x- -
<L*JJ1 tj
In this manner you'll improve in the French tongue.
I love your brother with ' " " *
all my heart.
He has applied himself to writing with all his might.
He is taller (than he) by *
the whole head.
I shall set out to-morrow t"/ i
very early. * C 1
They are come back from ...
He has been elected Member of Divan (or Parliament),
by his riches and credit.
You have left your book upon the table.
I have found your handkerchief under the chair.
S?
On my arrival at Tunis, there was great rejoicing at
the college.
134 GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES.
He married against the will of his father.
x-x ^ ^ Ox-.O .
Every one admires his wit, even hi enemies.
He has refused to marry, on account of his relations.
^ ss s ^<*sss ^^^^0^<5 s s
X> t*
You do nothing but prattle, instead of learning your
lesson.
^ ^ 3 j .. # s s ^~> 's s & j^O^ O'i -O
<LLvlj i?Jc^ ti L-U^J 1 <LiJJ 1
By dint of studying, he has learned French in a
short time.
SELECTIONS FEOM THE CATALOGUE OP
SAMUEL BAGSTER AND SONS,
15, PATEENOSTEE EOW, LONDON.
HEBREW READING LESSONS :
CONSISTING OP
THE FIRST FOUR CHAPTERS OF THE BOOK OF GENESIS, AND
THE EIGHTH CHAPTER OF THE PROVERBS,
WITH
A Grammatical Praxis, and Interlineary Translation.
Post octavo, 3s. 6d.
CHALDEE READING LESSONS,
CONTAINING
THE WHOLE OF THE CHALDEE FOUND IN THE BIBLE,
WITH
Interlineary Translations, Analysis, etc.
On the same plan as the Hebrew Lessons above. Post octavo, 5s.
SAMUEL BAGSTER AND SONS,
SYEIAC BEADING LESSONS,
WITH
INTERLINEARY TRANSLATION, PARSING, ANALYSIS,
AND AN INTRODUCTORY GRAMMAR.
Post octavo, price 5s.
THE SYRIAC NEW TESTAMENT,
The Peschito Version, carefully printed.
Post octavo, price 8*. Crown folio, price 12*. Demy quarto, price 10*.
THE
SYRIAC NEW TESTAMENT, WITH LEXICON.
Post octavo, price 12*.
THE
SYRIAC, GREEK, AND LATIN GOSPELS,
In parallel columns, with critical apparatus.
Quarto, price 14*.
15, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON.
THE HEXAPLAR PSALTER :
A BOOK OF PSALMS IN HEBEEW,
WITH GEEEK, TWO LATIN, AND TWO ENGLISH VERSIONS,
In six parallel columns.
One volume, small quarto, price 15*.
THE INTEKLINEAKY
HEBREW AND ENGLISH PSALTER ;
IN WHICH
The grammatical construction of every Hebrew word is indicated, and the
root of each distinguished by the use of hollow and other types.
Pocket volume, post, and foolscap, price 6*.
A HEBEEW-ENGLISH LEXICON
may be added, 6s. extra.
GESENIUS'S
HEBREW AND CHALDEE LEXICON
TO THE OLD TESTAMENT SCEIPTTTEES,
Translated, with additions, by Dr. S. P. Tregelles.
Third edition, one volume, quarto, 28*. 6d.
SAMUEL BAGSTER AND SONS,
GESENIUS'S HEBREW GRAMMAR,
FBOM THE EDITION, ENLARGED AND IMPROVED,
BY DE. EODIOEE,
Professor of Oriental Literature in the University of Halle.
WITH A HEBREW READING BOOK.
One volume quarto, very large print. Price 10s.
THE ANALYTICAL
HEBREW AND CHALDEE LEXICON:
An Alphabetical arrangement of the entire Hebrew language
as contained in the Old Testament Scriptures :
Including, not only every word, and every form of every word, but every
existing combination of these with prefixes, suffixes, etc.,
and under every change of vowel points.
Second edition. By B. DAVIDSON. One volume, quarto, price 21. 2s.
HEADS OF HEBREW GRAMMAR.
A SEEIES OF OBAL LESSONS
LONG USED WITH SUCCESS BY THE AUTHOR IN PEIVATE TUITION.
By Dr. S. P. Tregelles. Post octavo, price 4s. 6d.
15, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON.
A PRACTICAL HEBREW GRAMMAR,
With progressive constructive Exercises to every Eule ;
AND
A BEADING- BOOK.
By J. Eobert Wolf. Post octavo, price 6*.
BYTHNER'S
HEBREW AND CHALDEE GRAMMAR,
EDITED BY THE KEY. DR. HESSET,
Chiefly from the Author's Revision of 1650.
" Victorini Bytlmeri, Institutio Linguse Sanctse, cui addita est Introductio
ad Linguam Chaldseam Veteris Testamenti, auctore eodern.
Editio Nova, accurante Eev. J. A. Hessey, J. 0. D., Scholar Mercatorum
Scissorum archididascalo," etc.
Octavo, price 5s. 6d.
. A METHODIZATION OF
THE HEBREW VERBS,
ON AN ORIGINAL PLAN.
By the Eev. Tresham D. Gregg, D. D.
Second edition. Price 1*.
A GREEK AND ENGLISH LEXICON
TO THE NEW TESTAMENT SCRIPTURES;
By the Eev. T. S. Green, M. A.
Small octavo, and fcp. octavo, price 4s. 6d.
GREENFIELD'S
GREEK AND ENGLISH LEXICON.
Foolscap, price 3*. ; 32mo., price 2s. Qd.
6 S. BAGSTER & SONS, PATERNOSTER ROW.
BAGSTER'S POLYGLOT BIBLES.
These elegant Pocket Bibles axe printed of three different sizes of exactly
uniform arrangement, so that the pages of each, though differing
as to the size of type, exactly correspond, line for
line, and word for word.
THE ENGLISH VERSION OP
BAGSTER'S POLYGLOT BIBLE,
FOOLSCAP OCTAVO,
With its well-known selection of parallel References, fully-coloured Maps,
and engraved Chronological Chart.
Price 165. Gd. in plain morocco, very flexible.
THE MINIATURE ENGLISH VERSION OF
BAGSTER'S POLYGLOT BIBLE,
WITH ITS SELECTED PARALLEL PASSAGES,
AND COLOURED MAPS.
Price 1 2s. 6d. in plain morocco, very flexible.
THE FACSIMILE ENGLISH VERSION OF
BAGSTER'S POLYGLOT BIBLE,
Corresponds exactly with the smaller Editions, except that it is printed
with large types.
It may thus be used in conjunction with the small editions, for the same
texts occur in both books in the same position precisely, an advantage
of considerable importance to those who have become
familiar with the smaller pocket editions.
Price 21s. in plain morocco, very flexible.
SAMUEL BAGSTER AND SONS,
15, PATERNOSTEK BOW, LONDON.
PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY
