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A     ARCELEOLOGIA  ^ELIANA: 

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OR, 


RELATING  TO  ANTIQUITY. 


PUBLISHED  BY  THE 

SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES  OF  NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. 

NEW  SERIES, 

VOLUME  II. 


NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE : 

PEINTED    BT    THOMAS    AND   JAMES   PIGG,    CLAYTON    STREET. 


M.DCCC.LVIII. 


D/\ 
b]  O 

MiqAb 


CONTENTS. 


ANNUAL  REPORT  AND  OTHER  BUSINESS  PAPERS i. 

THE  CHURCHES  OF  DURHAM  AND  HEXHAM.     From  the  LAWSON  MS.     Lent 

by  SIR  WILLIAM  LAWSON,  Bart.,  F.S.A.    By  the  EDITOR          ...  1 

LOCAL  MUNIMENTS.      From   SIR  WILLIAM  LAWSON'S  Archives.     Illustrated 

with  Engravings  of  Seals  presented  by  him 10 

ROMAN  REMAINS  FOUND  AT  ADDERSTONE   (with  Engravings).     By  MR.   J. 

ARCHBOLD 15 

THE  BELLS  OF  ST.  NICHOLAS'  CHURCH,  NEWCASTLE.     By  MR.  JOHN  VENTRESS.  17 

LOCAL  MUNIMENTS.     From  the  VESTRY  OF  ST.  MARGARET'S,  DURHAM,  and 

other  Sources.     By  the  EDITOR 25 

CARDINAL  WOLSEY'S  INSTRUCTIONS  TO  HIS  OFFICERS  AT  DURHAM.    From  the 

EDITOR 39 

ROLL  OF  PRAYERS  FORMERLY  BELONGING  TO  HENRY  VIII.  WHEN  PRINCE.     By 

EDWARD  CHARLTON,  Esq.,  M.D 41 

LEADEN  Box  AND  CROSSES  FROM  RICHMOND.    By  the  same       .        .        .        .46 

UMBO  OF  A  ROMAN  SHIELD  FOUND  NEAR  MATFEN.     By  the  same  49 

THE  BANNER  AND  CROSS  OF  SAINT  CUTHBERT,  with  Engraving.     By  the  EDITOR  51 

ST.  CUTHBERT'S  RING,  with  Engraving.     By  the  Very  Rev.  MONSIGNOR  EYRE  66 

THE  TENURES  OF  MIDDLETON  ST.  GEORGE,  AND  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  HOUSE 

OF  KILLINGHALL,  with  Engravings   ........  69 

APPENDIX  A.     KILLINGHALL  OF  BERWICK  AND  LONDON         .         .        .105 

APPENDIX  B.     KILLINGHALL  OF  HOLY  ISLAND 106 

By  the  EDITOR   . 

BISHOP  BEK'S  CHARTER  OF  LANDS  AT  NETTLESWORTH.     By  the  EDITOR  .         .  107 

LUMLEY  LETTERS.     From  MR.  TRUEMAN 109 

REPORT  ON  THE  PITMEN'S  STRIKE  AT  NEWBOTTLE  IN  1734.     From  Mr.  TRUEMAN  111 
SCHEME  FOR  A  NAVIGABLE  RIVER  TO  DURHAM.     From  MR.  VENTRESS      .        .118 

WASHINGTON  LETTERS.     From  Mr.  TRUEMAN  and  WILLIAM  GREEN,  Jun.,  Esq.  120 

THE  HINDE  PAPERS.     From  Materials  furnished  by  JOHN  HODGSON  HINDE, 

Esq .127 


CONTENTS. 

EARLY  MENTION  OF  COFFEE  IN  DURHAM.     By  the  EDITOR        .         .         .         .136 

THE  HEIRS-GENERAL  TO  RADCLYFFE  OF  DERWENTWATER,  AND  THE  HEIRS-MALE 
TO  DACRE  OP  GREYSTOCK.  By  tiie  EDITOR,  from  Documents  lent  by  JOHN 
FENWICK,  Esq.,  F.S.A 137 

EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  ACCOUNTS  OF  THE  STEWARD  OF  SIR  FRANCIS  RADCLYFFE, 
BART.,  AT  DILSTON,  from  June,  1686,  to  June  1687.  From  JOHN  FENWICK, 
Esq.,  F.S.A .  .  159 

THE  FIRST  MANTUA-MAKERS  IN  DURHAM.  From  MR.  TRUEMAN  .  .  .165 
THE  BLADESMITHS  AND  CUTLERS  OF  DURHAM.  From  MR.  TRUEMAN  .  .171 
THE  PUDSAYS  OF  BARFORD.  By  the  Eev.  JAMES  RAINE,  Jun.,  M.A.  .  .173 
TESTAMENTARY  CURIOSITIES — NUNCUPATIVE  WILLS.  By  the  same  .  .  .191 
Is  THE  CATHEDRAL  WITHIN  THE  CITY  OF  DURHAM  ?  By  the  EDITOR  .  .  203 
BAKING  IN  DURHAM.  From  MR.  TRUEMAN 216 

THE  ATTEMPT  TO  ANNEX  GATESHEAD  TO  NEWCASTLE  IN  1575.     From  the  State 

Papers 219 

THE   MARKET   AND  FAIR  AT  GATESHEAD.     From  the  Gateshead  Vestry  Re- 
cords       ....  ,226 


REPORT 


OF 


Society  of 


OF 

NEWCASTLE-TJPON-TYNE. 
M.DCCC.LVI. 


THE  Council  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  in 
presenting  the  forty-fourth  annual  Beport,  begs  to  congratulate  the  mem- 
bers on  the  continued  prosperity  of  the  Society.  The  improvement  in 
the  Society's  prospects,  which  may  be  said  to  have  commenced  with  its 
removal  in  1848  into  the  present  building,  has  suffered  no  abatement; 
the  attendance  at  the  monthly  meetings,  the  accession  of  new  members, 
and  the  character  and  number  of  the  papers  contributed,  all  attest  the 
exertions  of  the  members  to  maintain  this,  one  of  the  earliest  provin- 
cial institutions  for  the  study  of  archseology,  in  all  the  vigour  and  ac- 
tivity that  characterizes  the  growth  of  younger  societies  of  the  kind. 

The  important  change  in  the  mode  of  publication,  adopted  at  the  last 
anniversary  meeting,  has,  your  Council  would  submit,  been  most  favour- 
ably received,  and  has  already  been  productive  of  many  advantages  to 
the  Society.  In  place  of  the  thin  broad-margined  4to  part,  which  at 
rare  and  uncertain  intervals  was  issued  in  former  years,  each  member  of 
the  Society  now  receives  punctually,  at  the  end  of  every  three  months, 
a  well-printed  and  more  portable  8vo  part,  containing  far  more  matter 
than  under  the  former  system.  This  day  the  Printing  Committee  have 
the  honour  of  laying  on  the  table  the  concluding  part  of  the  first  volume 
of  the  new  Archseologia  -ZEliana,  and  your  Council  believe  that,  with 
its  numerous  illustrations  and  the  value  of  the  papers  it  contains,  this 
volume  may  be  regarded  as  giving  good  hope  of  future  success,  beyond 
whatever  has  already  been  achieved. 

In  addition  to  the  papers  contained  in  the  quarterly  part,  each  mem- 
ber receives  a  copy  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Society  at  the  monthly 
meetings,  so  that  the  whole  history  of  each  meeting  is  duly  preserved. 


11.  EEPORT  OF  THE  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQFAKIES 

Tour  Council  has  every  reason  to  believe  that  this  publication  of  their 
proceedings  is  most  acceptable  to  the  members,  and  that  it  tends  like- 
wise, by  being  published  in  the  local  journal  by  whose  editor  the  Pro- 
ceedings are  so  ably  reported,  to  keep  up  the  interest  of  the  public  in 
the  study  of  archaeology,  and  in  the  welfare  of  this  Society. 

It  has  been  repeatedly  urged  against  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of 
Newcastle  that  its  attention  has  been  too  exclusively  devoted  to  the 
study  of  Roman  antiquities.  Your  Council  would  refer  to  the  now  com- 
pleted annual  volume  for  a  refutation  of  this  objection,  and  in  proof  of 
how  wide  a  range  of  research  has  been  embraced  in  the  papers  recently 
read. 

In  the  present  volume  two  papers,  viz.,  the  "Account  of  the  Exca- 
vations at  Bremenium,"  in  the  2nd  part,  and  the  "  Illustrated  Catalogue 
of  Roman  Antiquities,"  in  the  4th,  are  all  that  relate  to  this  important 
branch  of  archaeology,  and  to  both  of  these  papers  your  Council  can 
refer  with  great  pride  and  satisfaction.  The  important  researches  at 
Bremenium  are  accompanied  by  a  lithographed  plan  of  the  excavated 
station,  and  the  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  Roman  Antiquities,  the  first  of 
the  kind  that  has  been  attempted  in  this  country,  will,  they  trust,  be 
duly  appreciated,  both  by  visitors  to  the  Castle,  and  by  the  archaeologists 
of  all  countries. 

The  present  volume  likewise  contains  interpretations,  now  for  the  first 
time  published,  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  Runic  inscriptions  at  Bewcastle ; 
and  of  the  bilingual  inscription  in  Runes  and  in  Romano-Saxon  letters 
on  a  stone  which  has  been  for  forty-three  years  in  the  possession  of  the 
Society.  Both  these  inscriptions  had  hitherto  baffled  all  the  attempts  of 
antiquaries  to  decipher  them. 

Of  local  muniments,  charters  and  deeds,  a  very  considerable  number 
are  to  be  found  in  this  volume,  and  your  Council  is  glad  to  state  that 
the  number  of  papers  remaining  for  publication  is  large,  and  the  sub- 
jects they  treat  of  are  of  much  importance. 

The  desire  evinced  by  the  public  for  the  continuance  and,  if  possible, 
the  completion  of  the  History  of  Northumberland,  by  the  late  Rev. 
John  Hodgson,  vicar  of  Hartburn,  is  now  in  the  course  of  being  realized. 
Two  of  the  most  active  members  of  the  Society,  Mr.  J.  H.  Hinde  and 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Bruce,  have  jointly  prepared  the  General  History  of  Bri- 
tish and  Roman  Northumberland ;  and  your  Council  is  enabled  to  state 
that  the  work,  in  a  handsome  4to.  volume,  is  now  in  the  press,  and  will 
shortly  be  issued  to  the  public.  The  inquiries  that  have  been  made  re- 
lative to  this  proposed  publication  by  parties  at  a  distance,  shew  that 
this  is  not  merely  a  subject  of  local  interest,  but  that  from  its  forming 


OF  NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.  111. 

a  part  of  a  most  valuable  county  history,  and  from  the  high  reputation 
of  the  writers  engaged  upon  it,  it  will  be  most  acceptable  to  the  lovers 
of  archaeological  science  in  all  parts  of  the  kingdom. 

One  of  the  papers  of  1856  is  invested  with  peculiar  interest,  from 
the  circumstance  of  its  having  been  read  by  its  author,  Mr.  Robert 
White,  on  the  scene  of  the  event  of  which  it  treats.  It  was  prepared 
for  the  annual  country  meeting  of  the  Society ;  and  those  of  the  mem- 
bers who  had  the  pleasure  of  hearing  it  read  by  Mr.  White,  with  his 
characteristic  animation  and  emphasis,  on  the  spot  presumed  to  have 
been  occupied  by  King  David  on  the  memorable  day  which  proved  so 
adverse  to  his  arms,  will  never  rue,  as  the  royal  fugitive  must  have 
done,  their  instructive  visit  to  the  Field  of  Neville's  Cross.  Nor  can 
your  Council  take  leave  of  this  subject  without  expressing  their  grateful 
sense  of  the  obligations  of  the  Society  to  Mr.  Hodgson,  the  engineer, 
and  Mr.  Cail,  the  contractor,  of  the  Auckland  Branch  Railway,  and  to 
the  Rev.  James  Raine,  the  librarian  of  Durham  Cathedral,  for  those  kind 
and  hospitable  attentions  and  services  which  conferred  so  many  facilities 
and  enjoyments  on  the  country  meeting  of  the  members,  and  made  it 
doubly  valuable  and  agreeable. 

The  necessity  for  increased  accommodation  for  the  Society's  collections 
is  every  year  more  and  more  sensibly  felt.  Many  of  the  more  impor- 
tant inscriptions  and  altars  are  badly  placed  for  want  of  room  to  display 
them  to  the  best  advantage,  while,  as  regards  light,  it  is  almost  impos- 
sible to  read  many  of  them  when  the  sunshine  struggles  with  difficulty 
through  the  embayed  windows  of  the  Castle.  A  well  lighted  apartment 
is  therefore  required,  and  must  ere  long  be  provided;  and  if  it  cannot 
be  obtained  within  the  Castle  walls,  it  should,  if  possible,  be  in  the  im- 
mediate vicinity  of  that  building. 

The  recent  noble  offer  of  the  Patron  of  this  Society  to  transfer  to  this 
Society's  care  the  collection  of  altars  and  inscriptions  now  preserved  at 
Alnwick  Castle,  should  be  met  by  the  Society  in  a  spirit  of  correspond- 
ing liberality.  The  value  of  these  inscriptions  and  altars  is  very  great, 
and  when  united  to  those  already  in  the  Society's  possession,  would  form, 
a  gallery  of  Roman  archeology  as  cannot  be  found  north  of  the  Alps. 

It  has  been  the  wish  of  the  Council  to  obtain  a  portion  of  ground  in 
the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  Castle,  whereon  to  erect  the  proposed 
Lapidarian  gallery,  but  as  the  sites  about  the  Black  Gate  and  leading  to 
the  High  Level  Bridge  are  not  as  yet  disposed  of,  your  Council  has 
been  contented  with  communications  upon  the  subject  with  the  Finance 
Committee  of  the  Town  Council,  without  attempting  an  immediate 
settlement  of  the  question. 


IV.  REPORT   OF  THE  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES 

On  the  occasion  of  the  visit  to  Alnwick  Castle  of  the  Commendatore 
Luigi  Canina,  Conservator  of  the  Museum  of  the  Capitol  in  Borne,  a 
special  meeting  of  the  Society  was  held  on  the  23rd  of  July  last,  at 
which  Signor  Canina  was  unanimously  elected  an  honorary  member  of 
this  Society.  Your  Council  regret  to  state  that  Signor  Canina  died  at 
Florence  on  his  return  to  Italy  from  England. 

During  the  past  year  nine  new  members  have  joined  the  Society, 
viz. :— Mr.  J.  Yentress  (April  2) ;  Mr.  J.  T.  Abbott,  of  Darlington 
(May  7th) ;  Mr.  St.  John  Crookes,  Sunderland  (June  4th) ;  Mr.  Robert 
Robson,  Sunderland ;  Mr.  William  Dodd,  Newcastle  ;  Mr.  Edward 
Thompson,  Newcastle  (August  6th);  W.  B.  Beaumont,  Esq.,  M.P., 
and  Mr.  Archibald  Dunn,  Newcastle  (October  1st);  Mr.  J.  Dangerfield, 
London  (November  5th). 

Feb.  2.  1857. 


PAPERS   READ  1856-1857. 
1856.—  March  5. 
Rev.  D.  HAIGH.  —  On  the  Inscriptions  on  the  Bewcastle  Cross,  Part  I. 

April  2. 
Rev.  D.  HAIGH.  —  On  the  Bewcastle  Cross,  Part  II.1 

At  this  meeting  Mr.  Clayton  reported  the  discovery  of  an  altar  at 
^Isica,  with  the  words  "  Dibus  Yeteribus,"  doubtless  the  real  reading  of 
Horsley's  altar,  which  appeared  to  give  "  Dims  Yeteribus." 

The  Rev.  "\V.  Featherstonhaugh  reported  the  opening  out  of  the 
sedilia  and  piscina  of  Chester-le-Street  Church,  and  the  consequent  dis- 
covery of  a  fragment  of  a  Saxon  pillar,  covered  with  interlacing  and 
characteristic  ornaments  on  all  sides. 

May  7. 

Rev.  W.  FEATHERSTONHAUGH.—  On  a  recently-discovered  Roman  Hypo- 

caust2  at  Chester-le-Street. 
Mr.  J.  H.  HINDE.—  On  Roman  Northumberland,  Part  I. 


1  Printed,  Vol.  i.,  149. 

2  The  .  remains  of  the  Roman  villa  in  which  this  occurred  adjoined  the  station  on 

wfthTn  70  ^ad  f  t°hCCTed  ^  ^  I*0™3  ^™?'  The  ch*mber  first  found  was 
within  70  yards  of  the  Deanery  garden,  closely  contiguous  to  the  su^osed  south 
rampart  of  the  Roman  castrum  and  running  parallel  with  it.  A  £L3SSfftS3 
of  Roman  tiles,  well-shaped  and  joined  together  with  a  very  small  quantity  of  n?or 
tar  had  previously  been  discovered.  A  building-stone,  recently  exhumed  ™ 
scribed  "LEG  ii  AV.»  An  unshapen  mass  of  ir?n,  weighing  not  less  than  2^cwT" 

4  by  the  w  of  charcoal>  fnd  Sar  ftTiS  -; 


OP   NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.  V. 

June  4th. 
Communicated   by  Sir  W.  C.   TREVELYAN,  Bart. — A  letter  from   Sir 

Walter  Blackett  (1762),  relative  to  the  Bread  Riots  in  Newcastle  in 

1740.3 
Mr.  J.  H.  HINDE. — On  Roman  Northumberland,  Part  II.4 

September  3. 

Rev.  D.  HAIGH. — On  the  Anglo-Saxon  Inscription  at  Hackness  Church, 
Yorkshire. 

October  1. 
Mr.  AECHBOLD,  Alnwick  (communicated  by  Mr.  J.  Latimer). — On  a 

Discovery  of  Roman  Remains  at  Adderstone. 
Rev.  Dr.  BRUCE. — On  the  Wall  of  Antoninus. 

November  5. 

Mr.  JOHN  DIXON,  Consett  Iron  Works. — On  the  Discovery  of  an  Ancient 
Grave  near  Shotley  Bridge.5 

Mr.  WM.  KELL. — On  some  Roman  Milestones  in  the  Museum  at  Augs- 
burg. 

Mr.  J.  VENTEESS. — On  the  Bells  of  St.  Nicholas'  Church,  Newcastle. 

Mr.  JOHN  CLAYTON. — On  a  Passage  recently  discovered  through  the  Ro- 
man Wall  east  of  the  Knag  Burn,  Housesteads. 

December  3. 
Dr.  CHARLTON. — On  the  Bronze  Umbo  of  a  Shield  found  near  Matfen. 

1857. — January  7. 

Communicated  by  Rev.  JAS.  RAINE,  Jun. — A  Letter  from  the  Rev.  John 
Ellison,  formerly  curate  of  St.  Nicholas'  Church,  Newcastle,  to  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Burgess,  of  Winston  Rectory,  relative  to  the  Escape  of  a 
Sailor  (a  free  burgess  of  Morpoth)  from  a  French  prison  during  the 
Revolutionary  War. 

3  Printed,  Vol.  L,  67. 

4  To  appear  in  the  continuation  of  Hodgson's  Northumberland. 

5  The  grave  was  described  as  being  about  a  foot  beneath  the  surface,  on  a  sloping 
hill  side,  and  the  bones  were  hardly  recognizable.     The  bottom  is  said  to  have  been 
paved  with  small  stones,  the  bearing  was  N.W.  and  S.E.,  and  the  space  was  very 
short.     A  piece  of  flint  occurred.    No  remains  of  urns. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SOCtETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES 


ANTIQUITIES,  &c.  EXHIBITED. 

1856.— April  2. 

Dr.  DAWSON,  Newcastle. — Iron  Candlestick,1  found  at  Barnard-Castle. 
Rev.  Dr.  BRUCE. — Gold  Armlets,  &c.,  found  in  Anglesea. 

May  7. 

Mr.  PURDAY. — Pair  of  Spectacles,  fastening  across  the  nose  by  a  spring, 
found  under  the  stalls  of  Carlisle  Cathedral. 

June  4. 

Mr.  HENRY  MURTON. — Bronze  Umbo  of  Shield,  found  near  Matfen. 

Mr.  BELL,  of  the  Nook. — Drawing  of  an  Altar,  found  in  the  High 
Holm,  in  Cambeck  Hill  estate,  60  yards  south  of  the  Wall,  140 
yards  west  of  the  Carnbeck,  and  about  300  yards  north  of  Petriana 
station.2 

August  6. 

Mr.  YENTRESS. — Drawings  of  two  Decorated  Spandrils,  lying  at  Tyne- 
mouth,  each  carved  with  an  Agnus  Dei.3 

Yery  Rev.  Mons.  EYRE. — Facsimile  (by  M.  Didron)  of  the  Sapphire 
Ring  found  on  the  body  of  St.  Cuthbert  at  the  Dissolution  of  Mo- 
nasteries, and  afterwards  possessed  by  the  English  Cauonesses  at 
Paris. 

Sept.  3. 
Mr.  THOMAS  ANDERSON,  Little  Harle. — Kail  Pot,  found  in  a  peat  bog 

in  the  present  park  at  Little  Harle,  about  2  J  feet  from  the  surface, 

in  1847  ;  and  a  Mortar,  found  at  Little  Harle. 
Mr:  EDW.  SPOOR. — Drawing  of  the  Merchant's  Mark  on  the  Ancient 

Font  of  All  Saints'  Church,  Newcastle,  now  at  Little  Harle,  and  of 

others  from  Grave-stones  in  St.  Nicholas'  Church,  Newcastle. 

October  1. 
Mr.  ARCHBOLD. — Roman  Remains,  found  near  Adderston. 

1  By  taking  out  the  candle  with  the  fingers,  and  inserting  the  wick  within  the 
moveable  jaws  of  the  framework,  it  could  be  snuffed. 

2  The  legend  appeared  to  he  N  AVG— DIIOVANA — VNTIAVREL — ARMIGER — DEC  PRINC, 
the  spaces  denoting  the  separation  of  lines.     Mr.   Bell  considered  that  in  the  word 
"  Vanaunti"  we  had  the  name  of  a  local  deity,  reading  the  whole  legend  as  "Numim 
Augusti  Deo  Vanaunti,  Aurelius,   Armiger  Decurio  Principalis   (sive  Decurionum 
Princeps.)"     Mr.  Roach  Smith  considered  that  Armiger  was  a  proper  name. 

3  The  stones  have  since  been  removed  from  their  exposed  position  and  placed  in  the 
Castle-yard,  by  direction  of  the  Duke  of  Northumberland. 


OP   NEWCASTLE-TTPON-TYNE.  vii. 

Mr.  LONGSTAFFE. — A  MS.  Book  entitled   "  Chaos,"  vol.  i.,  belonging  to 

the  late  Mr.  J.  Brough  Taylor,  containing  drawings  of  three  faces  of 

the  Pedestal  of  Rothbury  Font.4 
The  Very  Rev.  Mons.  EYRE. — Letter  of  Fellowship  given  in  1469  by 

the  Order  of  Friars  Minors  of  England  to    John  Wormleigh  and 

Cecilia  his  wife. 

Dec.  3. 

Mr.  Jos.  FAIRLESS. — Drawing  of  Bronze  Object,  found  near  Hexham. 
Mr.  ROBERT  STOKOE. — Drawing  of  Clay  Urn,  found  near  Warden.5 


BOOKS  PURCHASED. 

Charles  Roach  Smith's  Famsett  Collection,  1  vol.  4to. 
Sims'  Manual  for  Genealogists,  1  vol.  8vo. 


DONATIONS. 

February  6,  1856. — Monthly  Meeting. 
Mr.  "W.  H.  BROCZETT. — Extra  Sheet  of  Documents,  relating  to  Sherburn 

Hospital,  and  not  given  by  Surtees. 
Rev.  JAMES  RAINE,  Jun. — Thirty-one  Roman  Coins,  in  third  brass,  from 

Heddon-on-the- Wall.— Seven  ditto  ditto,  from  Hawk's  Nest,  near 

Brampton,    in   Cumberland.  —  Defaced   Roman   Silver   Coin  from 

Housesteads.6 

March  5. — Monthly  Meeting. 

W.  J.  FORSTER,  Esq.,  Tynemouth. — Old  Letters,  including  an  Auto- 
graph Letter  of  Edward  Earl  of  Derwentwater.7 
Lord  LONDESBOROTJGH. — Miscellanea  Graphica,  Nos.  vii.  and  viii. 
OSSIANIC  SOCIETY. — Transactions,  Yol.  I. 

4  If  the  measurements  agree,  here  seems  to  be  the  base  of  the  fragments  of  a  cross 
from  Rothbury,  in  the  Society's  possession,  and  described  in  Vol.  iv.  of  the  Arch. 
JEliana,  old  series.     In  that  case,  three  sides  of  the  cross  appear  to  have  double  sub- 
jects : — The  ascension  and  glorification  of  the  Saviour — the  heavenly  host  above  the 
dragons  of  darkness — the  cure  of  a  blind  man — and  other  groups.     The  fourth  side 

s  running  foliage. — ED. 

5  During  excavations  for  the  Border  Counties  Railway,  two  graves  were  discovered 
in  a  light  gravelly  soil,  on  the  banks  of  the  North  Tyne,  opposite  "Warden.     Each 
contained  a  scull  and  a  number  of  bones  ;  and  in  one  of  them  there  was  this  vessel. 

6  One  of  these  Roman  coins  was  of  Constantinus  Junior,  with  the  celebrated  reverse 
of  "  Hoc  signo  victor  eris."     Another  (from  Heddon)  was  of  Arcadius,  who  reignedj 
just  before  the  recal  of  the  eagles  from  Britain. 

7  Printed  in  Yol.  i.,  95. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES 

Mr.  JOHN  FENWICK. — Cotton's  Abridgement  of  Eecords  in  the  Tower  of 
London. 

April  2. — Monthly  Meeting. 

NETHERLANDS  SOCIETY  OF  LETTERS,  Leyden. — Fragments  on  Literature, 
History  and  Antiquities. 

Mr.  R.  W.  GREY,  Chipchase  Castle. — Roman  and  other  Coins. 

Rev.  W.  FEATHERSTONHATJGH. — Roman  Remains  from  Chester-le-Street, 
viz.,  an  Altar  with  an  Inscription  to  Apollo;8  Portion  of  a  Hand- 
mill  ;  Samian  Ware  ;  Handle  of  Amphora,  &c. 

His  Grace  the  DUKE  OF  NORTHUMBERLAND. — A  Copper  Piece  of  Charles  I. 
representing  2s.  6d.,  found  at  Cockermouth  Castle. — The  whole  of 
the  Coins  discovered  at  Bremenium,  during  the  recent  excavations 
there.9 — A  Mass  of  Iron  Chain-mail  and  several  Iron  Implements 
from  ditto. 

May  7. — Monthly  Meeting. 

SUSSEX  ARCHAEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. — Collections,  Yols.  VII.  and  IV.,  being 
the  volumes  deficient  in  the  Society's  library. 

ROYAL  SOCIETY  OF  NORTHERN  ANTIQUARIES,  Copenhagen. — Annaler  for 
Nordisk  Aldkyndighed,  2  vols.  8vo.,  1852-53. — Mernoires  des  An- 
tiquaires  du  Nord,  1  vol.  8vo.,  1848-49. — Vestiges  d'Asserbo  et  de 
Sjb'borg,  1  vol.  8vo.,  1854. — Antiquarisk  Tidskrift,  1  vol.  8vo., 
1852-54. 

Mr.  VENTRESS. — Four  Red-deer  Horns,  found  at  a  depth  of  16  feet  be- 
low the  surface  of  the  ground,  in  the  Blue  Bell  yard,  Newcastle. — 
Two  Creeing-troughs,  found  at  Newcastle,  one  of  them  in  Grindon 
Chare. 

Mr.  SILVERTOP,  Minsteracres. — Four  Coins10  of  the  temporary  Roman 
Republic  of  1849. 

Mr.  ALBERT  WAY. — Fac-simile  in  Gutta  Percha  of  the  Capitular  Seal  of 
Brechin,  N.B. 

Mr.  PURDAY,  Carlisle. — Impressions  of  Obverse  and  Reverse  of  Seal  of 
Carlisle. 

Mr.  SPOOR. — A  small  Engraved  Map  of  the  County  of  Durham. 

June  4. — Monthly  Meeting. 
The  AUTHOR. — Voyage  a  Constantinople,  par  Mons.  Boucher  de  Perthes, 

2  vols.  12mo  ,  1855. 
KILKENNY  ARCHAEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. — Proceedings,  Vol.  I.,   new  series, 

Part  II. 

8  Vol.  i.,  249.  9  Vol.  i.,  69.  10  One  is  cast,  not  struck. 


OP  NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNK.  ix. 

Ilev.  E.  H.  ADAMSON. — Obituary  Notice  of  the  late  John  Adamson,  Esq. 

The  NUMISMATIC  SOCIETY. — Numismatic  Chronicle,  No.  71. 

Dr.  CHARLTON. — Cronebaiik  Halfpenny  Token,  and  Halfpenny  of 
Charles  II.,  with  inscription,  "  Carolus  a  Carolo." 

CORPORATION  OF  NEWCASTLE. — Two  Boards  painted  in  distemper,  from 
an  old  house  recently  pulled  down  in  Castle  Garth. 

Mr.  PIGG. — Impression  of  the  Palatine  Seal  of  Bishop  Trevor  of  Dur- 
ham, 1752. 

Mr.  W.  R.  BELL. — Oak  and  Bones,  lately  discovered  in  Christmyre, 
Norton,  county  of  Durham,11  in  works  connected  with  Messrs.  War- 
ner and  Barrett's  Iron  Works. 

August  6. — Monthly  Meeting » 

His  Grace  the  DUKE  OF  NORTHUMBERLAND. — Northumberland  Cabinet  of 

Roman  Family  Coins,  by  R.  A.  William  Henry  Smyth,  1  vol.  4to. 

(privately  printed). 

Mr.  JOHN  BELL.— Tynemouth;  a  Paneygyrick  Poem. 
Mr.  HODGSON  HINDE. — 100  Copies,  for  distribution  to  the  Members,  of 

Mr.  Hodgson  Hinde's  Paper  on  the  Position  of  Lothian  prior  to  ita 

Annexation  to  Scotland,  read  to  the  Archaeological  Institute  at  its 

Edinburgh  Congress. 

KILKENNY  ARCH^OLOGICAL  SOCIETY. — Transactions,  Part  III. 
Mr.  MAYER,  Liverpool. — Catalogue  of  Fejervary  Ivories. 
Mr.  HOBT.  CHAMBERS,  Edinburgh. — Scottish  Ballads  with  Airs. 
Ilev.  E.  H.  ADAMSIN. — Several  Etruscan  and  South  American  Painted 

Vessels. — Copies  of  the  Newcastle  and  Carlisle  Eailway  Act,  and 

the  Morpeth  Bridge  Act. 
Lord  HAVENSWORTH. — "  A  Plan  of  a  new-invented  Machine  to  convey 

11  Under  4|  feet  of  diluvium  (2  feet  of  yellow  clay  at  the  top,  the  remainder  fresh- 
water shells,  &c.,)  which  was  continuous,  and  appeared  to  have  heen  wholly  deposited 
upon  the  oak  it  covered,  a  piece  of  hlack  oak,  1 If  feet  long,  was  found.  In  form 
it  was  as  if  two  planks,  2  or  3  inches  thick,  had  been  nailed  together  at  right-angles ; 
but  here  the  two  sides  were  formed  by  cutting  away  the  solid  trunk.  It  lay  like  the 
roof  of  a  house,  three  transverse  pieces  of  oak  as  supporters,  and  under  it  were  bones 
of  varying  sizes,  apparently  of  some  quadruped.  The  field  is  one  of  the  low  lands  of 
"bottoms,"  between  Norton  and  Wynyard,  opposite  the  iron  works  of  Warner  and 
Barrett ;  and  the  whole  remains  were  much  below  water-level,  and  lay  north  and 
south  in  the  south-eastern  corner.  In  a  line  with  them,  a  little  farther  north,  was  the 
mouth  of  a  square  oaken  chamber,  constructed  of  two  pieces  of  oak  timber,  like  the 
above  object,  thus  [~I_J>  an(l  perhaps  we  have  a  very  early  attempt  at  draining, 
which  has  survived  the  original  level  of  all  around  it,  Bones  have  been  found  at  the 
same  depth  in  the  south-western  corner  of  the  same  field.  A  beck  divides  it  on  the 
south  from  a  field  called  Halliwell,  or  Holywell  Bank  Field,  and,  in  operating  upon 
it,  a  small  ochry  spring  was  laid  open. 


X.  REPORT    OF  THE  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES 

Goods,  Merchandise,  Passengers,  &c.,  from  one  place  to  another, 
without  horses,  but  by  the  power  or  force  of  steam  only,  invented 
by  Thomas  Allen,  of  London,  1789."12 

TOWN  SURVEYOR. — A  "  Gospel,"  or  portion  of  first  Chapter  of  St.  John, 
in  Latin,  enclosed  in  a  circular  silk  case,  found  in  pulling  down  the 
old  houses  at  the  Head  of  the  Side.— Stone  carved  with  a  Thistle, 
and  Decorated  Window  Tracery,  from  the  same  locality. 

Mr.  RirroN. — Two  fragments  of  Sculptured  Stones,  found  at  Blake 
Chesters. 

Mr.  PIGG. — Richardson's  Mezzotint  Engraving  of  St.  Nicholas'  Church. 

llev.  W.  PEATHERSTONHAUGH. — Two  pieces  of  Chain  Armour,  corroded 
into  lumps,  from  Chester-le- Street. 

September  3. — Monthly  Meeting. 
The  EDITOR. — Canadian  Journal,  January,  1856. 
CORPORATION  OF  NEWCASTLE. — Rosary  of  the  last  Century,  from  an  old 

house  at  the  Head  of  the  Side. 
HISTORIC    SOCIETY    OF     LANCASHIRE     AND     CHESHIRE. — Transactions, 

Yol.  Till. 

12  Mr.  Allen  thus  describes  his  invention : — "It  is  well  known  that  steam,  judiciously 
applied,  may  be  made  siibscrvient  to  many  mechanical  purposes.  Altho'  the  steam  engine, 
nntiil  very 'lately,  has  been  solely  confined  to  the  purpose  of  raising  water  in  large 
bodies  from  mines  and  coalworks,  yet  it  is  now  become  in  general  use  for  turning  of 
wheels  for  many  mechanical  arts,  particularly  for  grinding  of  corn,  as  may  be  daily 
seen  at  Albion  Mills,  near  Blackfriars'  Bridge ;  also  at  Mr.  "Whitbread's  brewhousc, 
and  many  other  places  in  and  about  the  metropolis  :  it  is  therefore  obvious  that  if  the 
steam  engine  can  turn  a  wheel  for  one  purpose,  it  can  for  another.  These  consider- 
ations induced  me  to  apply  it  for  the  purpose  of  turning  the  wheels  of  carriages,  as  I 
conceive  that  to  be  the  most  important  object  to  the  community  that  the  steam  engine 
can  possibly  be  applied  to ;  which,  in  my  opinion,  nothing  appears  more  practicable  ; 
to  illustrate  which  let  there  be  a  case  (A)  made  in  the  form  of  a  carravan,  6  feet  in 
length  and  4|  in  breadth,  in  which  the  whole  of  the  steam  engine  is  contained. 
Through  the  roof  of  the  carravan  the  main  or  principle  acting  lever  (B)  projects.  At 
the  end  of  this  lever  an  iron  rod  (c)  is  fastened,  and  the  other  end  [of  the  iron  rod]  to 
an  iron  crank  (withinsidc  the  carravan),  by  which  a  uniform  and  constant  motion  of 
the  lever  (B)  is  kept  in  a  regular  rotation.  At  the  extreme  ends  of  said  crank,  iron 
wheels  [which  appear  externally  and  are  cogged]  is  fixed,  whose  diameters  are  12 
inches.  These  wheels  turn  two  others  of  6  inches  diameter,  which  are  fixed  to  the 
naves  of  the  hind  wheels  of  the  carriage,  which  are  7  feet  in  diameter  or  22  feet  in 
circumference ;  and,  as  the  said  wheels  will  make  40  revolutions  in  a  minuit,  of  course 
the  carriage  will  proceed  on  the  road  at  the  rate  of  somewhat  better  than  ten  miles  an 
hour."  To  this  description,  we  may  add  that  the  "  carravan"  is  a  simple  square  box 
with  the  "lever"  appearing  above  its  top,  and  with  a  tap  below  : — that  from  it  pro- 
ceeds a  long  shaft  in  front,  on  which  a  spring  seat  is  placed.  In  this  the  operator  had 
to  hold  a  driving  rod  to  direct  the  course  of  the  front  wheels,  and  two  ropes  run  from 
his  seat  into  the  "  carravan,"  no  doubt  to  regulate  the  movement  of  the  "machine  " 
No  room  for  other  passengers  or  goods  appears,  nor  do  we  perceive  any  chimney.  A 
plan  for  locomotion  by  steam  had  been  suggested  in  one  of  Watt's  patents  in  1784  • 
but  neither  he  nor  any  other  inventor  carried  out  their  ideas  until  about  1802,  when 
Messrs.  Trcvithick  and  Vivian  patented  a  high-pressure  engine,  which  was  admirably 
adapted  for  locomotion. 


OP    NB \VCASTLE-TJroX-l INE.  XI. 

Mr.  EDW.  SPOOR. — Pottery,  Concrete,  and  other  Roman  Remains,  from 

the  Camp  Hill,13  Elsdon. 

Rev.  D.  HAIGH. — Five  Copperplates  of  Early  Northumbrian  Coins. 
J".  D.  CARR,  Esq.,  Carlisle. — Foot  of  Victory  on  a  Globe. — Buskined  Leg 

of  Roman  Figure,    from  Stanwix   Station.     See  Yol.  i.,  p.  241, 

Nos.  61,  62. 

October  1. — Monthly  Meeting. 

Lord  LONDESBOROTJGH. — Miscellanea  Graphica,  No.  IX. 
Mr.  R.  SAINTHTLL, — On  some  Foreign  and  Counterfeit  Shillings,  by  J. 
13.  Rayne. 

November  5. — Monthly  Meeting. 
Mr.  JOSEPH  H.  HOWARD,  Blackheath,  Kent. — An  Oval  Engraving  of 

King  James  the  First,  his  Queen,  and  Prince  Henry. 
The  AUTHOR. — Proverbial  Folk-lore,  &c.,  by  Mr.  M.  A.  Denham,  Pierse- 

bridge. 
Mr.  EDW.  SPOOR. — Two  Stone  Balls. — Portion  of  a  Piscina. — SquareTiles. 

— Portion  of  Brass  Tube. — Earthenware  Jug. — Spur. — Glass  Pipes 

for   smoking, — all   found   in  making  excavations  for  cellaring  in 

Neville  Street.14 
Mr.  J.  H.  HINDE.— A.  Flash  Bank-note  for  Is.  Scots,  of  the  year  1761. 

December  3. — Monthly  Meeting. 
Mr.  J.  GREY,  Dilston, — Roman  Inscription,  discovered  in  June  last,  at 

Corbridge.15 
Mr.  CAPE. — Rubbing  of  Brass  of  Sir  Marmaduke  Constable,10  at  Flanibo- 

rough  Church, 

" 13  The  three  pieces  of  concrete  I  took  out  of  what  had  once  formed  the  pavement 
of  the  principal  roadway  up  the  south  side  of  this  hill.  Mr.  Hall,  of  Elsdon  Mill, 
who  found  the  pottery  and  iron  instrument,  whilst  ploughing  near  the  Camp  Hill, 
informed  me  that  he  found  the  road  quite  perfect,  during  some  draining  operations.  I 
also  discovered  some  traces  of  a  building  at  the  top  of  this  artificial  mound,  which 
appears  to  have  been  surrounded  by  an  earthwork  battery,  and  the  further  protection 
of  a  moat  at  the  basement  is  evident." — EDWARD  SPOOR, 

14  The  ancient  well  on  the  spot  remains  in  the  cellar.  Foundations  and  portions  of 
a  pillar  were  discovered,  and  Mr.  Spoor  suggested  that  here  we  have  vestiges  of  the 
Spital  Almshouses. 

«  See  p.  243,  No.  80, 

10  Sir  Marmaduke  (says  Mr.  Cape)  was  born  in  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Sixth,  A.D. 
1443 ;  and  attended  Edward  the  Fourth  into  France,  1475,  and  Henry  VII.,  1492. 
By  the  former  monarch  he  was  appointed  Governor  of  Berwick,  1482 ;  and  during  the 
absence  of  Henry  the  Eighth  in  France,  being  then  70  years  of  age,  he  accompanied 
Sir  Edward  Howard,  afterwards  Duke  of  Norfolk,  to  Flodden  Field  (Brankston  Moor) 
— where,  jointly  with  that  nobleman,  he  commanded  the  third  division  of  the  English 
forces,  (1513).  The  exact  period  of  Sir  Marmaduke' s  death  is  uncertain,  but  it  is 
supposed  to  have  happened  not  earlier  than  1530,  when  he  would  he  87  years  old. 
He  lived  in  the  reigns  of  six  kings— Henrv  VI.,  Edward  IV.,  Edward  V.,  Richard 
III.,  Henry  VII.,  and  Henry  VIII." 


Xii.  REPORT  OF  THE  SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES  OF  NEWCASTLE. 

Lord  LONDESBOEOUGH. — Miscellanea  Graphica,  Part  X. 
KILKENNY  ARCHAEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. — Transactions,  No,  5,  New  Series. 
Mr.  H.  PERRING,  Carlisle. — Impression  of  massive  Gold  Ring,  found 
near  Carlisle. 

February  2. — Anniversary  Meeting. 

Rev.  E.  H.  ADAMSON. — Ancient  Clock,  in  ornamental  Brass  Case. 
Mr.  ROBT.  STOKOE,  Hexham.-— Cast  of  Bronze  Horseman  (Mediaeval). 
Sir  AY.  C.  TREVELYAN,  Bart.,  AYallington. — Origines  Parochiales  Scotia3, 

3  vols.,  4to. — Trevelyan's  Roundhead  Letters. — AtthilTs  Middleham 

Church. 


HONORARY  MEMBERS  OP  THE  SOCIETY. 

ELECTED. 

The  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Aberdeen,  F.R.S.,F.S.A.     1    Dec.  1813 
David  Hawks,  Esq.,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne      . .          . .    4  Jan.  1815 

Joseph  Hunter,  Esq.,  E.S.A.,  Record  Office,  Carlton  Ride  3  Mar.  1819 
Professor  Rafn,    Secretary  of  the  Society  of  Ancient 

Inscriptions,  Copenhagen  ..          ..          ..6  Sept.  1826 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Buckingham  and  Chandos,  F.S.A.  3    Jaw.  1827 

Charles  Frost,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  Hull         5    Dec.     „ 

David  Laing,  Esq.,   Librarian  to  the  Signet  Library, 

Edinburgh          .  2    Jan.  1828 

Rev.  Bulkeley  Bandinel,  D.D.,  Bodleian  Library        . .  ,,       ,, 

Sir  WalterCalverleyTrevelyan,  Bart.  F.S.A.,  Wellington  6    Feb.      „ 
Sir   Thomas  Phillips,  Bart.,  Middle  Hill,  Broadway, 

F.R.S .,  F.S.A.  4  July,  1832 

Marc  Isambard  Brunei,  Esq.,  V.P.R.S.,  London         . .   5  Aug.  1835 
The  Right  Rev.  Bishop  Maltby,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.          .  .    7  Sept.  1836 
William  Andrew  Chatto,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  London         . .   2  July,  1839 
James  Orchard  Halliwell,  Esq.,  F.R.S.,  F.S  A.         . .   5  Nov.     „ 
John  Yonge  Akerman,  Esq.,  Seer.  S.A.         ..          ..3    Feb.  1840 
His  Excellency  John  Sigismund  von  Mosting,  Copen- 
hagen        „       „ 

John  Gough  Nichols,  Esq.,  F.S.A.        . .          .  .          . .  „       ,, 

Robert  William  Billings,  Esq.,  7  July     „ 

John  Richards,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  Reading  . .          .  .  „       „ 

Robert  Bigsby,  Esq.,  Rep  ton,  Burton-on-Trent          .  .  ,,       „ 

Richard  Shanks,  Esq.,  Risingham         3    Dec.  1841 

Monsieur  Dillon,  late  French  Consul  at  Newcastle      . .    7    Jan.  1843 

Rev.  J.  Bosworth,  LL.D.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A „       „ 

Charles  Roach  Smith,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  London  . .  . .  6  Feb.  1844 
W.  B.  D.  Turnbull,  Esq.,  Lincoln's  Inn,  London  . .  2  Dec.  1845 
John  Richard  Walbran,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  Ripon,  Yorkshire  2  Feb.  1846 

George  Hudson,  Esq.,  M.P 4  July.  1841 

Charles  Newton,  Esq.,  M.A.,  H.B.M.  Vice-Consul  at 

Mitylene.  .          ..          ..          ..          ..          ..5   Sept.     ,, 

Mons.  Ferdinand  Denis,  Keeper  of  the  Library  of  St. 

Genevieve  at  Paris         .  .          . .          . .          . .   3    Feb.  1851 

Right  Honourable  Lord   Talbot  de  Malahide,  F.S.A., 

M.R.I.A.,  Malahide  Castle,  Ireland      . .          . .    1  Sept.  1852 


XIV.  HONORARY  MEMBERS  OF  THE  SOCIETY. 

ELECTED  . 

Eev.  Charles  Henry  Hartshorne,  M.A.,  Holdenby      .  .  ,,       „ 

The  Honourable  Bichard  C.  Neville,  E.S.A.,  Audley  „       „ 

End,  Saffron  Walden      ........  ,,       „ 

Sir  John  P.  Boileau,  Bart.,  E.B.S,,  E.S.A.,  M.RI.A.  „       „ 

William  Henry  Blaauw,  Esq  ,  M.A.,  E.S.A.,  Secretary 

of  the  Sussex   Archaeological   Society,  Beech- 

lands,  Uckfield    .  .          .  .          .  .          .  .          .  .  ,,       ,, 

Albert  Way,  Esq.,   M.A.,   E.S.A.,    Wonharn   Manor, 

Beigate   ............  „ 

Kev.  John  Montgomery  Traheme,  P.S.A.,  late  Chan- 

cellor of  Llandaff  Cath.,  Coedriglan,  Cardiff    .  .  „ 

Edwin  Guest,   Esq,,  LL.D.,  Master  of  Caius  College, 

Cambridge,          ........          .  .  „       „ 

Eev.  J.  L.  Petit,  M.A.,  E.S.A.,  Old  Square,  Lincoln's 


James  Yates,  Esq,,  F.B.S.,  Lauderdale  House,   High- 

gate         ............  „ 

William    Watkin    E.    Wynne,    Esq.,    M.P.,    E.S.A., 

AberamfFra,  Barmouth   .  .          .  .          .  .          .  .  }) 

Sir  Charles  Anderson,  Bart.,  Lea  Hall,  Gainsborough  ,, 

Daniel  Wilson,  Esq.,  LL.D.,  late  Secretary  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries,  Edinburgh,  now  Pro- 
fessor of  English  Literature  in  the  University  of 
Toronto  ....  ....  „ 

Anthony  Salvin,  Esq.,  P.S.A.,  Einchley,  Middlesex 

Sir  William  Lawson,  Bart,,  E.S.A.,  Brough  Hull 

John  Mitchell  Kemble,  Esq.,  M.A.,  London 

William  Beamont,  Esq.,  Warrington 

Henry  Maclauchlan,  Esq. 

Mark  Antony  Lower,  Esq.,  E.S.A.,  Lewes      .  .          .  .    1     Jjec. 

Charles  Bridger,  Esq.,  3,  Kepple  Street,  London        .  .   3  May,  18")4 

Eichard  Sainthill,  Esq.,  Cork    .  .          .  .          .  .  6    Dec. 

William  Webster,  Esq.,  Isle  of  Man 

John  Lindsay,  Esq.,  Cork 

Joseph   Jackson   Howard,    Esq.,    E.S.A.,  .Blackheath, 

London    .  .          .  .  ......   3    jan%  1855 

Aquilla  Smith,  Esq  ,  M.D.,  Dublin       .  .          .  ,          .  .14  April, 

The  Eight  Honourable  Lord  Londesborough,  E.E.S., 

F.S.A  ..............  2    May, 


ORDINARY  MEMBERS  OF  THE  SOCIETY. 

ABBOTT,  John  Thomas,  Stamp  Office,  Darlington,  Durham 

Adamson,  Rev.  Edward  Hussey,  Heworth,  Durham 

Allan,  Robert  Henry,  F.S.A,,  Blackwell  Hall,  Darlington,  Durham 

Atkinson,  George  Clayton,  West  Denton,  Northumberland 

Atkinson,  Rev,  William,  Gateshead  Fell,  Durham 

Austin,  Thomas,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Baker,  Thomas,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Barker,  C.  D.,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Beaumont,  Wentworth  Blackett,  M.P.,  Bywell,  Northumberland 

Bell,  Thomas,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Blackett,  Sir  Edward,  Bart.,  Mat  fen  Hall,  Northumberland 

Blackwell,  John,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Brockett,  William  Henry,  Gateshead,  Durham 

Bruce,  Rev.  John  Collingwood,  LL.D.,  F.S.A.,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Bulman,  John,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Burdon,  George,  Heddon-on-the-Wall,  Northumberland 

Cail,  Richard,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Carr,  Ralph,  Dunston  Hill,  Durham 

Charlton,  Edward,  M.D  ,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Charlton,  William  Henry,  Hesleyside,  Northumberland 

Clarke,  Rev.  John  Dixon,  M.A.,  Belford  Hall,  Northumberland 

Clavering,  Edward,  Callaley  Castle,  Northumberland 

Clayton,  John,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Collingwood,  Edward,  Dissington,  Northumberland 

Coulson,  Lieutenant-Colonel,  Blenkinsop  Castle,  Northumberland 

Cresswell,  A.  J.  B.,  Cresswell,  Northumberland 

Crighton,  William,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Cowen,  Joseph,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Crookes,  St.  John,  Sundeiiand,  Durham 

Dangerfield,  John,  68,  Chancery  Lane,  London 
Dees,  Robert  Richardson,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
Dickson,  William,  F.S.A.,  Alnwick,  Northumberland 
Dixon,  Dixon,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
Dobson,  John,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
Dodd,  William,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
Dunn,  Archibald,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
Dunn,  Martin,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 


Xvi.  ORDINARY  MEMBERS  OF  THE  SOCIETY. 

Ellison,  Nathaniel,  Morton  House,  Durham 

Everett,  Rev.  James,  4,  St.  Thomas'  Crescent,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
Eyre,  Very  Rev.  Consignor  Charles,   6,   Derwent  Place,  Newcastle  - 
upon-Tyne 

Falconar,  John  Brunton,  sen.,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Falconar,  John  Brunton,  jun.,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Featherstonhaugh,  Rev.  Walker,  Edmondbyers  Rectory,  Gateshead 

Fenwick,  John,  F.S.A.,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Feuwick,  John  Clerevaulx,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Fisher,  Robert,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Forster,  William  John,  Tynemouth,  Northumberland 

Gilpin,  Benjamin,  Newcastle-npon-Tyne 
Gray,  Thomas,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
Green,  Benjamin,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
Green  well,  Rev.  Willam,  M.A.,  Durham 
Gregson,  Thomas  Leslie,  Newcastle-upon -Tyne 

Hawks,  George,  Gateshead,  Durham 
Hiude,  John  Hodgson,  Acton  House,  Northumberland 
Howard,  P.  H.,  F.S.A.,  Corby  Castle,  Cumberland 
Heath,  William 

Ingham,  Robert,  M.P.,  Westoe,  Durham 
Ingledew,  Henry,  ISTewcastle-upon-Tyne 

Kell,  William,  F.S.A.,  Gateshead 

Lamb,  Joseph,  Ax  well  Park,  Durham 

Langhorne,  John  Bailey,  Richmond,  Yorkshire 

Latimer,  W.  J.,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Laws,  Cuthbert  Umfi-eville,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Leadbitter,  Robert,  Ryton,  Durham 

Longstaffe,  William  Hylton  Dyer,  F.S.A.,  Gateshead 

Mather,  Edward,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Mewburn,  Francis,  Darlington,  Durham 

Monck,  Sir  Charles  M.  L.,  Bart.,  Belsay  Castle,  Northumberland 

Mossman,  David,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Mounsey,  George  Gill,  Carlisle 

Noel,  J.  A.,  North  Shields,  Northumberland 

Northumberland,  His  Grace  the  Duke  of,  KG.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.,  Alnwick 
Castle 


ORDINARY  MEMBERS  OF  THE  SOCIETY,  XV11. 

Oliver,  Thomas,  jun.,  Sunclerland 

Ord,  Rev.  J.  Blackett,  Newcastle- upon-Tyne 

Ormston,  Robert,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Ossulston,  The  Right  Honorable  Lord,  Chillingham  Castle 

Pigg,  Thomas,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Raine,  Rev.  James,  sen.,  M.A.,  Crook  Hall,  Durham 

Raine,  Rev.  James,  jun.,  M  A.,  Crook  Hall,  Durham 

Ravensworth,  The  Right  Honorable  Lord,  Ravensworth  Castle 

Raymond,  The  Venerable  Archdeacon 

Ridley,  John,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Ridley,  Sir  Matthew  White,  Bart.,  Blagdon,  Northumberland 

Reed,  Stephen,  Newcastle -upon-Tyne 

Robson,  Robert,  7,  Walworth  Street,  Sunderland,  Durham 

Salmon,  Robert  Stephen,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
Scott,  W.  B.,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
Sopwith,  Thomas,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
Spoor,  Edward,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
St.  Paul,  Sir  Horace,  Bart.,  Ewart  Park,  Northumberland 
Storey,  John,  jun.,  York 

Swinburne,   Sir  John  Edward,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.,  Capheaton,  Northum- 
berland 

Taylor,  Hugh,  Earsdon,  Northumberland 
Taylor,  Thomas  John,  Earsdon,  Northumberland 
Thorpe,  The  Yenerable  Archdeacon,  Ryton,  Durham 
Thorpe,  Rev.  Charles,  Ellingham 
Turner,  Henry,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
Turner,  Robert,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
Thompson,  Edward,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Ventress,  John,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Waldie,  John,  Henderside  Park,  Kelso 
Warden,  G.  C.,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
Wheatley,  Matthew,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
White,  Robert,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
Williamson,  Rev.  R.  H.,  Lamesley 
Woodman,  William,  Morpeth 


XV111. 

JOHN  FENWICK,  ESQ.,  IN  ACCOUNT  WITH  THE 
Dr. 

1856.                                                                                                                    £.  s.  d. 
March  11. — To  Cash  of  Charles  Murray  Adamson,  Esq.,  being  the  Balance 
of  Cash  in  the  hands  of  the  late  John  Adamson,  Esq.,  the 

Treasurer  of  the  Society  at  the  time  of  his  death  ..          ..63  5  8 

To  Subscriptions         . .       " . .          . .         46  4  0 

By  Balance  due  the  Treasurer 29  5  0 


Examined  and  found  correct, 
ROBERT 
MARTIN 
Ftbnwry  ?,  18o7. 


£138  15     5 


EDWARD  CHARLTON ,  ESQ.,  M.D.,  IN  ACCOUNT  WITH  THE 

CASTLE 

3Br, 

To  Balance  in  hand  last  year   . .  93    '4 

„  Amount  of  Cash  received  at  Castle  from  Feb.  9,  1856,  to  Jan.  31,'  1857,'     66  15     8 


£75  19     0 


SOCIETY  9  ACCOUNTS. 

SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES  OF  NEWCASTLE-OBT-TYNE. 


1856.  £.    s.    d. 

Feb.    7. — By  paid  John  Hernaman's  Bill      ..          ..          ..          ..          ..050 

Mar.    6. —  ,,  Postage  Stamps        050 

„       „  T.  &  J.  Pigg,  for  Binding  and  Printing         40     8     3 

,,       ,,   Courant  Proprietors,  for  Advertising         .  .          . .          . .  050 

7. —  ,,  George  Andrews,  for  Surtees  Society  Publications    . .          . .     4  10     0 

25. —  ,,  Newcastle  Fire  Office,  for  Insurance  in  the  name  of  Sir  John 

Edward  Swinburne,  Bart 126 

26. —  ,,  Henry  Paxton,  Warder,  one  quarter's  salary. .          . .  2  10     0 

April   2.—  „  D.  Dunglinson's  Bill  for  Printing  276 

,,       ,,  Gateshead  Observer,  for  Advertising    , .          . .          . .          ..056 

May  17. —  ,,  Henry  Paxton,  Warder's  Salary    ..          ..          ..          ..  2100 

June   6. —  ,,  Charles  Roach  Smith,  for  Faussett's  Inventorium  Sepulchrale, 

and  Post-office  Order  226 

23. —  ,,  John  Rogerson,  for  Coals   ..          ..          ..          ..          ..  1  12     0 

24. —  ,,  Corporation  Rent,  due  Lady-day  last  . .          . .          . .          ..026 

July    5. —  ,,  a  Parcel  from  the  Duke  of  Northumberland        . .          . .  002 

18. —  ,,  Gas  Company,  for  Gas  and  Fittings    ..          ..          ..          ..5108 

22. —  ,,  George  Andrews,  for  Hutton  Correspondence      . .          . .  076 

Aug.    2.—  „  Warder's  Salary  <. .          . .     2  10     0 

6.—  „  John  Bell,  for  Local  Music  150 

,,       ,,  W.  II,  D.  Longstaffe,  for  preparing  Index     . .  :          ..550 

Sept.    3.—  „  Messrs.  Spoor  &  Son's  Bill 5180 

4.—  „  Messrs.  T.  &  J.  Pigg's  ditto 35     3     8 

5  —  „  D.  Donkin's  ditto _  . .  251 

9. —  ,,  Post-office  Order  in  favour  of  Mr.   John  Russell  Smith,  for 

Simms'  Manual  for  Genealogists     . .          . .          .  .          . .      0  10     9 

Nov.    7- —  ,,  D.  Dunglinsou's  Bill  for  Printing  336 

,,       ,,  Subscription  to  the  Surtees  Society  for  1854,  1855,  and  1856     3     3     0 

14.—  „  Gas  Rent 099 

15  —  „  Warder's  Salary  2100 

18. —  ,,  Mr.  Holdstock,  for  transcription  of  Latin  Poems  ..  2  10     0 

Dec.   11. —  ,,  John  Ventress,  for  a  Packing-case       ..          ..          ..          ..026 

1857. 
Jan.     7.—  ,,  Surtees    Society,    Subscription   towards    Bishop    Hatfield's 

Survey       . . '        550 

8.-—  „  Robert -Cooper,  for  Brushes,  &o 0  10     7 

16. —  ,,  W.  J.  Bell,  for  Gentleman's  Magazine 360 

23. —  ,,  Hemaman's  Bill  for  Advertising         040 

,,       ,,  Newcastle  Chronicle  for  ditto  . .          . .          .  .          . .  096 

£138  15     5 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES  OF  NE WCASTLE-TTPON-TYNE. 

ACCOUNT. 

Ci% 

£.    s.    d. 
By  Paid  Dr.  Bruce  on  account  of  woodcuts       .,          ..          ..          ..  1000 

„  Warder's  Salary ..     4616     0 

,,  Sundries  .  .          .  .          .  .          .  .          .  .          .  .          .  .          . .  315 

„  Balance  in  hands 1617 

£75  19     0 


OFFICERS   FOR   M.DCCC.LVII. 


HIS  GRACE  THE  DUKE  OF  NORTHUMBERLAND,  K.G. 


SIR  JOHN  EDWARD  SWINBURNE,'  BART. 


THE   RIGHT  HON.   LORD   RAYENSWORTH. 
SIR  C.  M.  L.  MONCK,   BART. 
JOHN   HODGSON   HINDE,   ESQ. 
JOHN   CLAYTON,  ESQ. 


JOHN  FEXWICK,   ESQ. 


EDWARD  CHARLTON,    ESQ.,    M.D. 

THE  REY.  JOHN  COLLINGWOOD  BRUCE,  LL.D. 

Council 

THE  REY.  EDWARD  HUSSEY  ADAMSON. 

THOMAS  BELL,  ESQ. 

WILLIAM    DICKSON,    ESQ. 

JOHN   DOBSON,    ESQ. 

MARTIN   DUNN,  ESQ. 

WILLIAM  KELL,   ESQ. 

W.  HYLTON   DYER  LONGSTAFFE,  ESQ. 

THE   REY.   JAMES  RAINE,   Jux.,    M.A. 

EDWARD   SPOOR,   ESQ. 

MATTHEW  WHEATLEY,    ESQ. 

ROBERT  WHITE,  ESQ. 

WILLIAM  WOODMAN,  ESQ. 


ARCHJEOLOGIA  J2LIANA. 


THE  CHURCHES  OF  DURHAM  AND  HEXHAM. 

THE  LA.WSON  MS. 

THE  beautiful  MS.  preserved  at  Brough  Hall,  near  Catterick,  which, 
furnished  so  many  characteristic  illustrations  to  Mr.  Raine's  "  Saint 
Cuthbert"  has,  with  Sir  William  Lawson's  usual  liberality,  been  sub- 
mitted for  examination  and  notice  in  the  Society's  Transactions.  "We 
need  not  enlarge  upon  the  importance  of  thoroughly  ascertaining  the 
contents  of  a  MS.  of  so  much  intrinsic  value. 

Not  later  than  1210  is  its  date.  Perhaps  we  should  rank  it  rather 
earlier  in  time.  Its  illuminations  are  the  work  of  English  artists,  and 
their  general  outline  are  already  familiar  to  the  public  by  the  examples 
engraved.  Brilliant  as  they  are,  their  treatment  is  chaste  and  simple. 
It  is  remarkable  that  no  emblem  of  St.  Cuthbert  occurs.  We  neither 
find  his  usual  accompaniment,  St.  Oswald's  head,  nor  anything  to  throw 
light  upon  the  form  of  St.  Cuthbert' s  cross  at  the  date  of  the  book. 
Nor  do  we  remember  the  introduction  of  "  St.  Cuthbert' s  Ducks." 

The  volume  commences  with  a  full  length  figure  of  St.  Cuthbert 
(Raine,  14),  his  right  foot  clasped  by  a  recluse;  and  a  representation  of 
the  scribe  at  work.  Then  follows  "  Liber  Sancti  Cuthberti,"  which 
is  the  prose  "  Yita  Sancti  Cuthberti"  of  Beda.  After  the  usual  pre- 
fatory epistle  to  the  Lindisfarne  congregation,  is  the  epistle  to  the 
presbyter  John  which  usually  appears  before  Beda's  metrical  Life  of 
the  Saint. 

In  the  illumination  to  Cap.  xviii.,  the  spades  used  by  Cuthbert  and 
one  of  the  brethren  in  digging  a  well  in  the  Saint's  dwelling  are  wholly 
of  wood,  save  a  binding  on  the  edge.  The  handle  too  is  fixed  to  one 
side  of  the  implement.  Exactly  the  same  spade  is  seen  in  the  Bayeux 

NEW  SERIES. VOL.  II.  B 


2        THE  CHURCHES  OF  DURHAM  AND  HEXHAM. 

Tapestry  employed  by  the  persons  who  are  digging  a  castellum  at  Hast- 
ings.1 

The  figures  represented  as  lying  in  bed  in  this  MS.  are  in  all  cases 
clothed  with  a  white  garment. 

The  Yita  St.  Cuthberti  is  followed  by  the  additional  miracles  narrated 
in  Beda's  Ecclesiastical  History,  Book  iv.,  cap.  xxxi.,  xxxii. 

The  remainder  of  the  book  is  filled  with  miracles  by  other  hands. 
"We  have  the  story  of  King  Alfred  and  the  beggar,  the  voyage  of  the 
monks  with  the  holy  body  in  the  Irish  Sea,  their  wanderings,  the  sac- 
rilege and  punishment  of  Onlafbal,2  all  of  which  first  occur  in  the  old 
Historia  Cuthberti  in  Twysden's  Decem  Scriptores.  The  swallowing 
up,  in  Guthred's  days,  of  an  invading  Scotch  host  "in  loco  qui  Anglo- 
rum  lingua  Mundingedene  usque  ad  prsesens  nuncupatur,"  succeeds.3 
In  these  narratives  there  is  much  of  the  language  of  Symeon's  shorter 
notices  transferred  from  his  History  of  the  Church  of  Durham,  and  we 
really  believe  that  they  are  also  his  composition. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  in  mentioning  the  overthrow  of  the 
Scotch  host,  Symeon  says,  "  Qualiter  autem  gestum  sit  alibi  constat 
esse  scriptum :"  and  in  page  174  he  says,  "  Quo  tempore  et  illud  quod 
alibi  plenius  legitur  super  Barcwid  miraculum  contigit."  This  latter 
miracle  comes  next  in  the  Lawson  MS.,  and  is  printed  in  Bollandus, 
March  20,  p.  134.  The  flight  to  Lindisfarne  in  1069  follows,  with 
an  attestation  "nobis,"  and  corresponds  with  the  account  in  Symeon, 
and  is  in  many  of  his  words. 

The  story  of  Mundingdene  (which  in  an  authority  quoted  by  Leland 
is  stated  to  be  one  mile  south  of  Norham),4  though  more  imposingly 
told,  gives  no  further  information  than  what  Symeon  affords.5  The 
story  of  Barcwith,  a  soldier  of  Earl  Tosti,  is  more  interesting.  The 
Earl  had  laid  a  notorious  thief,  murderer,  and  incendiary,  called  Aldan 
Hamal,6  in  heavy  irons  in  the  town  of  Durham,  and  refused  all  ransom 
for  him.  The  thief  endeavours  to  rid  himself  of  the  fetters,  and  flee  to 
the  monastery,  and  the  Earl  doubles  his  vigilance  to  prevent  him.  He 

1  Brace's  edition,  pi.  xi.,  p.  116. 

2  A  pagan   king  called    Rcginwaldus  (Reingwald,   Sijmeon)    invaded  Yorkshire, 
and  afterwards  occupied  the  whole  land  of  Saint  Cuthbert,  and  divided  his  towns 
equally  between  two  powerful  soldiers  in  his  ranks.     "  Quorum  unus  Scula  [yulga- 
liter~\  vocabatur,   alter  vero  {secundum  stuz  gentis  proprietateni]  Onalafbal  appellaba- 
tur."     The  words  in  Italics  are  not  in  Symeon  or  Bollandus. 

3  Vide  Symeon,  122 ;  Reginald,  149. 

4  De  Episcopis  Lindisfarn.  et  Dunelm.,  vol.  ii.,  329.     See  also  the  miracle  men- 
tioned in  vol.  ii.,  372,  from  an  anonymous  work,  "Episcopis  Lindisfarnensibus." 

5  Hist.  Dun.  122. 

6  Haldanhamal.     Bollandus. 


THE  CHURCHES  OF  DURHAM  AND  HEXHAM.        3 

appeals  to  St.  Cuthbert,  promises  amendment,  and  his  fetters  loosen. 
Shaking  them  off,  he  eludes  his  unsuspecting  custodiers,  enters  the 
monastery,  and  fastens  all  the  gates  from  within.  Barcwith7  "  qui 
omnes  in  curia  potestate  precessit,"  proceeded  to  the  gates,  asked  why 
they  should  delay  to  break  them  open,  and  declared  that  it  was  intoler- 
able that  "  the  peace  of  this  dead  man"  should  protect  robbers  and 
homicides.  He  was  instantly  struck  as  by  an  arrow,  and  crying  out  in 
torment  was  borne  ad  hospitium,  where  he  died  the  third  day,  at  the 
same  hour.  His  grave  for  a  year  gave  out  a  stench  that  caused  all  pas- 
sengers to  avoid  its  proximity.  All  the  parties  to  the  violence,  fearing 
the  like  revenge,  collected  gold  and  silver  and  gems  not  a  few,  and  laid 
them  on  the  Saint's  sepulchre ;  and  from  them  were  made  a  cross  of 
marvellous  work,  and  the  cover  of  gold  and  gems  for  a  copy  of  the 
Evangelists,  which  things  remained  in  the  days  of  the  writer. 

In  the  next  chapter  the  murderers  of  "Walcher  are  represented  as  fly- 
ing to  the  woods  and  unknown  places.8  The  people  at  large,  confiding  in 
their  innocency,  and  the  protection  of  the  Saint,  take  their  goods  to  his 
monastery.  Some  are  in  the  castle,  A  theft  is  committed  by  a  traitor 
watchman,  and  the  thief  returns  in  torments. 

The  next  chapter  relates  to  the  reign  of  "William  Eufus.  A  concourse 
of  people  are  assembled  at  the  annual  festivities  on  the  anniversary  of 
the  Saint's  translation.  A  man  brings  a  horse  to  sell  at  Durham  on  the 
occasion,  and  sets  it  to  feed  on  the  laid  up  grain  of  the  church,  and  per- 
sists in  his  offence.  The  horse  suddenly  dies. 

The  same  King  and  Malcolm  King  of  Scots  are  at  war.  Malcolm 
puts  to  flight  the  Northumbrians.  Some  retire  to  the  woods,  &c. ; 
others,  "  et  prascipue  qui  proprie  Sancti  Cuthberti  populus  dicuntur," 
betake  themselves  as  usual,  on  account  of  the  protection  of  the  Saint, 
to  Durham,  which  scarcely  holds  the  concourse  of  men  and  cattle.  The 
cemetery  is  full  of  the  latter.  Malcolm  arrives.  A  multitude  of  women, 
boys,  and  children  surround  the  walls  of  the  church,  and  disturb  the 
choristers  within.  The  Scots,  moved  by  some  sudden  fear,  move  off.  The 
Bishop  is  restored  from  exile  the  same  time,  and  his  officials  enter  as 
the  emancipated  people  depart. 

The  Prsepositus  of  the  monastery,  earnest  for  the  good  of  the  church 
and  people,  goes  into  the  parts  of  the  South  English  with  people  not  a 
few,  and  two  of  the  brethren.  One  is  dead  at  the  time  of  the  writer, 
the  other  with  the  Prapositus  survives  and  tells  the  tale.  One  winter's 
night  the  company  are  received  in  a  town,  and  a  narrow  cottage  re- 

7  Barwic.     Bollandus. 


4        THE  CHURCHES  OF  DURHAM  AND  HEXHAM. 

mains  for  the  monks,  with  no  accommodation  for  their  horses.  They 
put  them  up  at  a  neighbouring  house,  by  leave  of  a  lady,  whose  hus- 
band is  from  home.  He  returns,  and  furiously  commands  them  to  be 
turned  out.  A  brother,  sent  by  the  Prsepositus,  endeavours  to  calm  him, 
and  asks  his  hospitality  for  St.  Cuthbert's  sake.  He  refuses,  is  almost 
insane  with  anger,  and  falls  as  if  dead,  to  arise  a  humbled  admirer  of 
St.  Cuthbert. 

The  Saint  renews  a  miracle  in  the  writer's  own  days.  A  famine  oc- 
curs at  Easter,  when,  after  Lent,  food  is  most  necessary  to  the  weak. 
The  sea  heaves  on  the  shore  a  number  of  great  fishes  at  Lindisfarne 
island,  but  on  a  spot  belonging  to  another  and  not  to  the  brethren.  The 
tithe  of  old  time,  by  the  custom  of  the  province  belonging  to  the  church, 
is  refused  in  so  much  abundance.  The  brethren  are  relieved  by  a  simi- 
lar gift  of  dolphins  left  on  their  own  shore. 

Robert  de  Mowbray  (Mulreio)  vexes  the  church.  He  takes  away 
the  church  of  Tinemouthe  and  gives  it  to  Paul,  an  abbot,  at  a  distance. 
Paul  is  seized  with  sudden  disease  at  first  seeing  his  new  church,  and 
is  borne  dead  to  the  home  he  had  left  in  health.  The  earl  falls  from 
his  high  estate,  Tinemuthe  shares  in  the  history  of  his  ruin,  and  he 
lives  in  chains  at  the  date  of  the  history. 

A  south-country  clerk,  vexed  with  fever,  undertakes  a  long  and  pain- 
ful journey  to  Durham,  and  is  cured  bypassing  the  night  before  the 
tomb  of  St.  Cuthbert. 

A  thief  steals  a  girdle  from  the  ass-herd  of  the  church,  and  is  struck 
almost  blind. 

The  Northumbrians  afEict  one  another  with  thefts.  Lindisfarne  is 
exempt  by  its  sanctity.  A  Northumbrian  has  a  fine  and  valuable 
horse,  and  takes  it  thither  for  safety.  A  thief  rides  it  away  at  the 
time  that  the  passage  between  the  land  and  the  island  is  dry.  The  sea 
suddenly  rises,  and  he  is  almost  drowned.  He  prays  to  the  Saint,  re- 
gains the  island,  looks  back  at  the  passage,  finds  it  dry,  and  crosses  it 
dryshod. 

Durham  Cathedral  is  rebuilt  in  a  comely  fashion.  Wood  is  brought 
to  it  from  a  distance,  and  of  such  bulk  that  eight  oxen  can  barely  draw 
it.  At  the  gate  of  the  city  a  rest  is  given  to  the  oxen,  that  they  may 
be  refreshed  for  climbing  the  hill.  The  boys  of  the  place  play  upon 
the  apparatus  (machinam}  on  which  the  wood  was  borne.  An  ox  be- 
comes excited,  the  beams  move,  and  a  boy  has  his  leg  crushed  by  the 
fall  of  wood  which  scarce  sixteen  men  can  lift.  The  boy  is  unhurt. 

^  A  ship  in  the  service  of  the  church,   laden  with  goods,  is  seized  by 
pirates.     A  storm  arises  and  casts  it  on  Lindisfarne  island. 


THE  CHURCHES  OF  DURHAM  AND  HEXHAM.        5 

The  narrative  of  the  tradition  of  the  saint's  body  in  1104,  printed  in 
Holland's  Acta  Sanctorum,  and  Raine's  St.  Cuthbert,  p.  75,  follows. 
The  day  appointed  for  the  translation  is  stated  to  be  "iiij  kal.  Septem- 
bris"  (Aug.  29).  A  subsequent  hand  has  altered  this  to  "iiij  nonas 
Septembris"  (2  Sep.)  The  feast  of  the  translation  was  kept  on  4  Sep. 
"  Facta  est  hsec  incorrupta  corporis  manifestatio  sive  translatio  post 
annos  depositionis  ejus  quadringentos  xviij  et  v.  menses  et  duodecim 
dies.  Hie  est  anno  ab  Incarnatione  Domini  M°  C°  iiij0  qui  est  quintus 
annus  regni  Henrici,  episcopatus  vero  Rannulfi  sextus." 

A  miracle  succeeds,  which  stands  in  Bollandus  as  Chapter  III.  of 
the  Historia  Translationis. 

The  copy  of  St.  John  read  by  Cuthbert  with  the  dying  Boisil  (Beda's 
Life  of  the  former,  cap.  viii.),  was  preserved  at  Durham  in  a  bag  of  red 
leather,  which,  by  means  of  a  strap  of  silk,  dissolved  by  age  into  threads, 
hung,  as  was  said,  around  the  necks  of  Boisil  and  his  pious  disciple. 
The  Bishop,  in  his  sermon  at  the  translation,  displayed  this  book  to  the 
people.  A  bearer  holds  the  pouch  and  carelessly  allows  one  of  the  Bi- 
shop's officials  to  steal  one  of  the  threads  of  the  suspendiculum.  The 
thief  hides  it  between  his  stockings  and  shoes.  At  night  his  leg  against 
which  the  thread  had  been  is  seized  with  a  tremor.  He  restores  the 
thread  and  is  cured. 

The  same  prior  orders  a  bell  of  great  weight  to  be  made  at  London 
for  Durham  Cathedral.  It  is  placed  on  a  wooden  conveyance  of  much 
strength  and  cleverness  in  construction,  and  is  drawn  by  22  oxen.  A 
careless  youth  is  drawn  under  the  wheel  by  his  tunic,  and  is  passed  over 
without  hurt.  He  accompanies  the  bell  to  Durham  in  order  to  return 
thanks  to  the  Saint. 

Hegge  in  his  Legend  of  St.  Cuthbert  says  of  Bishop  Pudsey  that  he 
built  "  the  Galilie  or  our  Ladie's  Chappell,  now  called  the  Consistorie, 
into  which  he  translated  St.  Beed's  bones,  which  there  lyes  interred 
under  a  tombe  of  black  marble  without  an  inscription.  From  this 
place  I  conjecture  the  great  bell  in  the  Abby  hath  its  name,  and  per- 
chance is  the  same  which  in  an  old  manuscript  I  finde  to  be  drawne 
from  London  to  Durham  by  two  and  twentie  oxen." 

We  then  have  a  series  of  more  well-known  narrations — The  miracle 
at  the  ecclesiola  virgea,  in  the  words  of  Symeon,  p.  146  of  Budd's  edi- 
tion— The  history  of  "  Gillemichael,"  by  Symeon,  p.  186 — Symeon's 
Vision  of  Boso,  p.  238— Symeon's  Preface,  p.  1,  with  a  portion  of  p. 
225 — Symeon's  cap.  lx.,  p.  217,  with  a  portion  of  p.  226,  commencing 
"  Denique,"  &c. — His  cap.  Ixiv.,  Ixv.,  p.  229 — The  greater  part  of  his 
cap.  Ixvii.,  p.  234 — Part  of  his  cap.  liii.,  p.  192,  and  of  cap.  Ivi.,  p.  200 


6        THE  CHURCHES  OF  DURHAM  AND  HEXHAM. 

—Part  of  cap.  Iviii.,  commencing  with  the  1st  line  of  p.  209,  and  end- 
ing with  occubuit  on  the  same  page — Cap.  lix.,  p.  213. 

This  is  a  strange  jumble  of  Symeon's  chapters,  and  from  some  of  the 
omissions  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  the  scribe  was  copying  from  an 
early  MS.  of  Symeon  anterior  to  his  finished  work. 

"Explicit" — after  which  word  the  book  ends  with  the  follow- 
ing chapter,  the  conclusion  of  which,  in  relation  to  the  church  of  Etex- 
ham  and  English  personal  names,  is  very  interesting  : — 

Quo  anno  sanctus  Cuthbertus  ordinatus  est,  et  quantum  amabatur  et  vvne- 
rabatur  db  antiquis  Regibus. 

Anno  dominicae  incarnationis  sexcentesimo  lxxx°v°.  ordinatus  est 
beatus  pater  Cuthbertus  in  ipsa  sollempnitate  paschali,  id  est  vij°.  kal. 
Aprilis,  ad  Lindisfarnensem  ecclesiam,  Egfrido  rege  presente,  et  semp- 
tem  ad  ejus  consecrationem  venientibus  episcopis.  In  quibus  Theodorus 
primatum  tenuit  sub  papa  Agatone.  In  die  ordinationis  Sancti  Cuth- 
berti  comnmtaverunt  ipse  [sic]  Eata  sedes  episcopales,  communi  con- 
silio  Egfridi  regis  et  Theodori  archiepiscopi  et  aliorum,  scilicet  Ceadde 
et  Cedde  et  aliorum  quinque  episcoporum  et  omnium  majorum.  Sicque 
Eata  apud  Hestelham  sedit.  Sanctus  vero  Cuthbertus  Lindisfarnensem 
cathedram  optinuit. 

Cujus  Lindisfarniae  terminus  est  a  fluvio  Tvcda  usque  ad  "Warnemu- 
tham ;  et  inde  superius  usque  ad  locum  ubi  aqua  Warned  oritur  juxta 
montem  Hiberdune :  et  inde  usque  ad  nuvium  Bromwich :  et  inde 
usque  ad  nuvium  Tyl.  Et  terrain  illam  ultra  Tvedam  a  numine  Edre 
ab  aquilone  usque  ad  locum  quo  cadit  in  Tvedam  :  et  totam  terram  quse 
jacet  inter  istum  nuvium  Edre  et  alterum  qui  vocatur  Ledre :  et  totam 
terram  quae  pertinet  ad  monasterium  sancti  Baldredi  quod  est  in  Tynig- 
ham,  a  Lambremore  usque  ad  Esmude. 

Et  dederunt  rex  Egfridus  et  archiepiscopus  Theodorus  terram  in  Ebo- 
raco  sancto  Cuthberto,  a  muro  sancti  Petri  usque  ad  magnam  portam 
occidentalem,  et  usque  ad  murum  civitatis  versus  austrum.  Et  dede- 
runt eis  villam  quas  dicitur  Creich,  et  tria  miliaria  in  circuitu  ut  ibi 
posset  manere  in  eundo  et  redeundo  de  Eboraco.  Ibi  sanctus  Cuthbertus 
congregationem  monachorum  et  abbatem  nomine  Gevem,  ut  quidam 
dicunt,  statuit.  Huic  adjecerunt  civitatem  Luel,  id  est  Carleol,  et 
in  circuitu  quindecim  miliaria,  et  ibi  sanctus  Cuthbertus  congre- 
gationem sanctimonialium  et  abbatissam  ordinavit  et  scolas  ibi  consti- 
tuit. 

Postquam  vero  sanctus  Cuthbertus  suscitavit  puerum  a  mortuis  in 
villa  quse  dicitur  Exanforda,  dedit  ei  rex  Egfridus  terram  quae  vocatur 
Ceartmel,  et  omnes  Britanni  cum  eo  et  villam  quse  dicitur  Sudgedlin  et 
quicquid  ad  earn  pertinet.  Haec  omnia  bonus  abbas  Cyneuerth  sub  sancto 
Cuthberto  ordinavit  sapienter  ut  voluit. 

Ea  tempestate  pugnavit  rex  Egfridus  contra  regem  Merciorum  Wlfere 
nlium  Pendici,  et  caeso  exercitu  ejus  fugavit  eum.  Postea  dedit  Egfri- 


THE  CHURCHES  OF  DURHAM  AND  HEXHAM.        7 

dus  rex  sancto  Cuthberto  Meylros  et  Carrum  et  quicquid  ad  earn  per- 
tinct. 

Non  multum  post  hunc  Egfridum  successit  in  regnum  Ceolfus  filius 
Cuth wining  seque  sancto  Cuthberto  subdidit,  et  dimisso  regno  cum  uxore 
pro  amore  Dei  se  cum  magno  tesatiro  ad  Lindisfarnense  monasterium 
contulit,  barbam  deposuit,  coronam  accepit,  et  sancto  Cuthberto  villam 
dedit,  nomine  Werkewrthe  cum  suis  appendiciis.  Sed  post  hoc  quidam 
rex  nomine  Osbertus  "Werkewrthe  abstulit  sancto,  sed  post  annum 
vitam  cum  regno  perdidit.  Post  eum  regnavit  Elle  qui  bene  promisit, 
sed  male  egit.  Abstulit  enim  sancto  duas  villas  Byliugham  et  Yleclif, 
sed  cito  per  Vbban  ducem  Fresonum  fugatus  et  caesus  vitam  dedecorose 
finivit. 

Statim  post  Ceolwfum  factum  monachum  obiit  sanctus  Cuthbertus,  et 
successit  Eddred  episcopus  qui  reedificavit  ecclesiam  in  Norham,  et 
transportavit  illuc  corpus  Ceolfi  regis,  ipsamque  villam  dedit  sancto 
Cuthberto,  et  Gedewrthe,  et  alteram  Gedewrth,  et  edificavit  villam 
Geinsford,  deditque  earn  sancto  Cuthberto,  Et  postea  edincavit  Biling- 
ham  et  Yleclif,  et  Wicheclif,  deditque  sancto. 

Quando  sanctus  Cuthbertus  factus  est  monachus,  regnabat  Oswigius, 
et  alii  dicunt  quod  iste  fuit  Oswiu  frater  Oswaldi  regis,  et  interfecit 
Oswinum  regem  Berniciorum  filium  Osrici  regis  Edwini  filii.  Mortuo 
Oswigio  regnavit  filius  ejus  ;  post  eum  Ceolfridus  ;  et  post  hunc  Gun- 
dredus  qui  per  sanctum  Cuthbertum  apparentem  per  visionem  abbati 
Eddredo  in  Luercestre,  factus  fuit  rex,  Eardulfo  episcopante  anno  ab 
incarnatione  Domini  octingentesimo  nonogesimo.  Post  hunc  Elfredus 
qui  dedit  sancto  totam  terram  inter  Tesam  et  Tynam. 

Isti  Gudredus  et  Eluredus  reges  adjecerunt  Dunelmensi  episcopatui 
omnia  quse  ad  episcopatum  Haugustaldensem  pertinuerunt.  Per  quin- 
quaginta  enim  et  quatuor  annos  ante  devastationem  Northymbriae  sedes 
episcopalis  ibi  cessaverat.  JEluredo  defuncto,  regnavit  filius  ejus 
^Edwardus,  et  post  hunc  Edelstan  filius  ejus,  et  post  Edmundus  frater 
Edelstan.  Quo  mortuo  anno  Dominicse  incarnationis  nongentesimo 
quadragesimo  octavo,  Eluredum9  fratrem  heredem  regni  reliquit.  Hii 
omnes  cultores  Sancti  Cuthberti  leges  ejus  et  privilegia  confirmaverunt 
et  servaverunt,  et  terras  cum  multis  aliis  donariis  sancto  contulerunt. 
Sed  Edred  moriens  reliquit  heredein  filium  fratris  sui  Edmundi,  nomine 
Edwi,  malignee  mentis  hominem,  omnibus  odiosum.  Hie  a  finibus 
tocius  AngliaB  expulit  Sanctum  Dunstanum  de  incestu  eum  corripien- 
tem.  Unde  omnes  ab  Ymbre  usque  ad  Tamisiam  contra  Edwinum 
offensi  ultra  Tamisiam  eum  fugaverunt,  et  juniorem  fratrem  suum 
regem  fecerunt,  nomine  Edgarum.  Qui,  cum  multos  annos  feliciter 
regnasset,  filio  suo  Edwardo,  qui  jacet  in  Scatecberi,  regnum  moriens 
reliquit.  Qui,  in  brevi  novercali  fraude  occisus,  Edelredum  fratrem 
heredem  habuit.  Deinde  Knud  regno  Anglorum  potitus,  et  ad  Dunel- 
murn  veniens  per  quinque  miliaria  a  loco  qui  Garmundi  Yia  dicitur 
nudis  pedibus  incedens  ad  sepulcrum  Sancti  Cuthberti  venit,  et  ibi  op- 
tulit  ei  et  dedit  liberam  et  quietam  Steindrop  cum  omnibus  appendiciis 
suis. 

9  An  error  for  Edredum. 


8        THE  CHURCHES  OF  DURHAM  AND  HEXHAM. 

Post  hunc  regnavit  Edwardus  films  Edelredi  et  Ernmse.  Qui,  primo 
anno  regni  sui  monachum  quendam  nomine  Egelricum  de  Euro  episco- 
pum  prefecit  ecclesiaB  Dunelmensi,  sed,  earn  regere  non  valens,  ad  pro- 
prium  monasterium  rediit,  sicque  sine  episcopatu  vitani  finivit. 

Postea  anno  Dominicse  incarnationis  M°  Ixxiij0,  sui  regni  anno  octavo, 
"Willielmus  rex  post  Haraldum  occisum  potentissimus  versus  Scotiam 
regnum  suura  visurus,  et  siqui  ei  rebelles  essent  subditurus  ad  sanctum 
Cuthbertum  oraturus  venit.  Cui  sciscitanti  de  vita  et  miraculis  sancti, 
et  de  antiquitate  et  origine  episcopatus,  prudentiores  ecclesise  dixerunt 
ei  Sanctum  Oswaldum  regem,  accito  Sancto  Aidano  de  Scotia,  sedem 
episcopalem  in  Lindisfarnensi  insula  primitus  instituisse  et  ci  dedisse. 
Dixerunt  etiam  quomodo  rex  Egfridus  et  Theodoras  archiepiscopus  in- 
vitum  de  solitaria  vita  extractum  episcopum  fucerunt,  et  quanta  vene- 
ratione  ab  eodem  rege  dum  vixit  semper  habebatur,  et  a  subsequentibus 
Christianis  regibus  post  mortem  quantum  diligebatur  et  quomodo  omnia 
ad  eum  pertinentia  semper  augmentabant  et  sua  auctoritate  confirma- 
bant,  ut  in  perpetua  libertate  et  quietudine  permanerent,  et  cum  omni- 
bus consuetudinibus  ut  ipsi  in  sua  inanu  habuerant.  Haec  cum  rex  et 
alia  multa  audisset,  propria  manu,  cum  auro  et  pallio  in  perpetuum 
servanda  tribuit,  libere  et  quiete  Deo  et  Sancto  Cuthberto  et  Walchero 
episcopo  Waltham  cum  omnibus  appendiciis  suis  dedit  et  quinquaginta 
mansiones  in  Lyndesia,  et  adjecit  postea  Willielmo  episcopo  WeHetonam 
«t  Houedene  cum  omnibus  suis  appendiciis,  cum  saca  et  socna,  et  omni- 
bus legibus  sicut  ipse  in  propria  manu  habuit. 

Isto  eodem  rege  Willielmo  laudante  et  concedente,  Edgarus  rex 
Scoti®  donavit  et  reddidit  Sancto  Cuthberto  et  Willielmo  episcopo,  in 
Lodoneio  Berewich  cum  omnibus  suis  appendiciis,  et  monachis  in 
-ecclesia  Dunelmi  Deo  et  Sancto  Cuthberto  servientibus  Coldingham 
cum  suis  omnibus  appendiciis  sicut  in  carta  continetur  quam  ipse  et 
fratres  sui  propria  manu  signaverunt  et  firmaverunt. 

Edwardm  qui  regnavit  ante  Willielmum  fuit  filius  Ethelredi  regis. 
JEthelredus  fuit  filius  Eadgari  regis.  Eadgarus  fuit  filius  Eadmundi 
regis.  Edmundus  fuit  filius  Edwardi  regis  senioris.  Edwardus  senior 
fuit  filius  Ealuredi  regis.  Iste  Eluredus  rex  Australium  Anglorum,  et 
Guthred  rex  Norhanhynbrorum  primi  statuere  Sancto  Cuthberto  omnes 
leges  suas  et  consuetudines ;  eique  ad  increnientum  sui  episcopatus 
adauxit  Episcopatum  Hagustaldensem  qui  antiquitus  erat  Wlfridi :  et 
hoc  statuerunt  et  firmaverunt  cum  consensu  totius  Anglias  sicut  inveniri 
potest  in  antiquissima  scriptura  chronica.  Et  in  fine  decretorum 
suorum  excommunicationis  sententiam  protulerunt  in  eum  qui  sua  sta- 
bilita  presumeret  convellere.  Legat  antiquam  scripturam  qui  voluerit. 

Post  illud  tempus  episcopi  apud  Sanctum  Cuthbertum  ilium  locum 
tenuerunt,  et  ibidem,  scilicet,  in  Hagustald'  suos  presbiteros  statuerunt, 
-et  prepositos.  Edmundus  episcopus  ibi  constituit  prepositum  ULKILLUM 
ArUlles  sune,  Wincunes  sune.™  Et  post  eum  Egelricus  episcopus  posuit 
ibi  prepositum  COLLANTJM  ;  et  post  Collanum,  YLKILLUM  Iluinges  sune ; 
et  post  Egelricum  Ealgelwinus  episcopus  constituit  ibi  prepositum 
VTHEEDTJM  Vlkilles  sune.10  Iste  TJthredus  est  pater  Cospatrici  qui  nunc 
10  One  of  these  names  must  surely  be  our  Wilkinson. 


THE  CHURCHES  OF  DURHAM  AND  HEXHAM.        9 

est  vicecomes  in  Tevietedale.  ELTTEEDUS  Westou  sune  secretarius  Dunel- 
mensis  ecclesiae  dono  domini  sui  Edmundi  Episcopi  tenuit  ecclesiam  de 
Hagustaldaham ;  et  postea  posuit  in  ea  presbiterum  GAMEL  elde,  qui 
dictus  est  GAMEL  HAMEL  ;  et  postea  posuit  ibi  presbiterum  GAMEL  iunge. 
Iste  Eluredus  partein  de  reliquiis  Episcoporum,  qui  apud  Hagustal'h* 
antiquitus  fuerant  ibidemque  sepulti,  transtulit  Dunelmo,  et  cum  Sane  to 
Cuthberto  incorrupto  collocavit.  Post  Eluredum  films  ejus  EYLEF 
LAWREF,  thesaurarius  Dunelmensis  ecclesia3,  ab  Egelrico  et  Egelwino 
Episcopis  Dunelmensibus  tenuit  ecclesiam  de  Hagustal'h',  ponens  ibi 
presbiterum  SPEOH.  Habuit  illam  quamdiu  terra  erat  inhabitata.  Post- 
quam  enim  Franci  venerant  in  Angliam,  et  Eobertus  comes  cum  sep- 
tingentis  militibus  occisus  esset  in  Dunelmo,  quinque  diebus  ante  puri- 
ficationem  Sanctae  Maria3,  atque  post  eodem  anno  castella  Eboraci  a 
Danis  atque  Anglis  destructa ;  magnaque  multitude  Erancorum  fuerat 
occisa :  ad  vindictam  horum  omnium,  Willielmo  rege  cum  magno  super- 
veniente  exercitu  et  per  mensem  Decembrem,  Januarium,  Februarium, 
omnia  vastante,  fugientibus  omnibus  ubi  latere  poterant,  et  etiam  extra 
patriam  peregrinantibus,  tota  terra  ab  Umbra  usque  Tvedam  per  multum 
tempus  in  solitudinem  redacta  est,  praeter  Eboracum  et  Dunelmum  et 
Benbanburc.  Tune  Egelwino  episcopo,  propter  timorem  regis  Willielmi, 
episcopatum  fugiente  per  duos  pene  annos,  pastore  vacabat  ecclesia. 
Interim  VCTEED  Vlkilles  sune,  quern  ut  supradictum  est  episcopus 
Egelwinus  constituerat  in  Hagustal'h'  prepositum,  ad  Thomam  archie- 
piscopum  seniorem  profectus,  indicavit  locum  talem  facile  ilium  posse 
sub  dominium  suum  redigere,  cum  tota  ubique  terra  vacaret  cultore. 
Cujus  hortatu  archiepiscopus  intravit  Hagustalham,  nullotunc  existente 
episcopo  in  Dunelmo,  terra  ubique  vastata ;  nee  aliquo  prohibente  ubi 
quisque  vellet  habitare.  Post  hsec  EZLAF  LAWREU  cum  offerente  Wil- 
lielmo episcopo  monachatum  recusaret,  ad  Thomam  archiepiscopum 
abiit,  et  tune  ab  eo  Hagustaldensem  ecclesiam  recepit,  quam  quondam 
ab  Egelwino  episcopo  acceperat.  Quo  mortuo  filius  ejus  EYLAF  per 
predictum  archiepiscopum  Hagustaldensem  ecclesiam  ingreditur. 

***  The  above  MS.  is  not  very  strict  in  orthography  and  construction,  but  it  con- 
tains much  that  is  valuable  to  the  annalist  of  Saxon  Durham.  The  subject  is  too 
abstruse  for  treatment  by  annotation,  but  we  trust  that  some  of  our  members  may 
review  the  whole  authorities  in  a  separate  paper. 


VOL.    II. 


10 


LOCAL   MUNIMENTS. 

FOB  the  following  documents  and  the  engravings  of  seals  which  accom- 
pany them,  the  Society  is  indebted  to  the  continued  liberality  of  Sir 
William  Lawson,  Bart.,  F.S.A.,  Brough  Hall. 

"  CARTA  DE  TERRA  DE  FORSET."  * — Margareta,  Comitissa  Brit',2  Omni- 
bus hominibus  et  amicis  suis  tarn  futuris  quam  presentibus,  salutem. 
Notum  sit  vobis  omnibus  me  dedisse  et  hac  mea  carta  confirmasse  En- 
geramo  pincernas  meo  pro  servicio  suo  unam  carucatam  terras  in  Fceseta. 
Scilicet  illam  dimidiam  carrucatam  terroe  de  escaeta  quee  fuit  "Warini  et 
quatuor  bovatas3  terras  propinquiores  illi  dimidias  carrucatae  terrae 
quas  Turstinus  et  Reginaldus  tenuerunt,  reddendo  inde  mihi  et  heredibus 
meis  singulis  annis  quinque  solidos  pro  omni  servicio  scilicet  ad  Pente- 
costen  ij  sol.  et  vj  d.  et  ad  festum  Sancti  Martini  ij  sol.  et  vj  d.  Quare 
volo  et  precipio  quod  predictus  Engeramus  et  heredes  sui  habeant  et 
teneant  de  me  et  de  heredibus  meis  illam  carrucatam  terrse  prenomina- 
tam  libere  et  quiete  et  integre  in  bosco  et  piano  in  pratis  in  pascuis  in 
viis  et  semitis  in  turbariis  in  redditibus  in  terra  arabili  et  non  arabili  et 
in  omnibus  locis  eidem  teiras  pertinentibus  cum  omnibus  libertati- 
bus  et  liberis  consuetudinibus ;  faciendo  annuatim  supradictum  servi- 
cium.  Tcstibus  hiis  Warin'  de  Bassingeburn,  Henrico  de  Bohun,  Alano 
de  Bassingeburn,  Eudone  de  Chedestan,4  Godefrido  de  Spicteshal, 
Eicardo  cleAng',  Alano  deSuatham,Elya  Clerico,Pag[inello]Marescallo." 

[  Seal  of  green  wax.5  Pointed  oval.  A  full  length  female  figure  with 
conspicuously  long  maunches.  In  the  right  hand  an  orb  surmounted 
by  a  cross,  in  the  left  a  bird.]  [S]IGILLVM  :  MARGA  [RETE  :  BRITTAN] 
ORVM  :  DVCISS[E.] 

"ROGERI  BERTRAM  DE  MiTFORB.  Antiquo,  et  magna  charta."'' — Eogerus 
Bertram  Dominus  de  Midford — Domino  Hugoni  de  Euer,  pro  homagio 

1  In  Richmondshire. 

2  She  is  called  "  Brittanorum  Ducissa"  on  her  seal.     She  was  daughter  of  William 
the  Lion,  King  of  Scotland,  and  wife  to  Conan  Duke  of  Brittany  and  Earl  of  Rich- 
mond,  who  built  the  present  tower  of  the  latter  place  in  1171.      The  scribe  probably 
at  first  intended  to  describe  the  Duchess  as  Countess  of  Richmond,  for  as  such  she 
gave  the  charter. — ED. 

3  The  carucate  at  Forcett  was  therefore  eight  oxgangs.  The  change  of  expression  from 
half  a  carucate  to  fovir  oxgangs  is  observable. — ED. 

4  Even  with  the  application  of  galls  I  cannot  be  absolutely  certain  about  the  second 
and  third  letters  of  this  word. — ED. 

5  The  minute  parallel  lines  in  the  robe  are  not  mere  indications  of  shading,  but 
actual  folds  in  the  original. — ED. 

6  The  third  of  the  name. 

7  On  the  charter-rolls  of  the  52nd  of  Henry  III.  is  enrolled  a  confirmation  of  this 
grant,  which  is  not  of  much  earlier  date.     John  de  Vescy,  one  of  the  witnesses,  was 
under  age  at  the  time  of  his  father's  death,  37th  Henry  III.     The  extent  of  Eoger 
Bertram's  alienations  is  set  forth  in  the  Hundred  Eolls  at  the  beginning  of  the  next 


The  Seal  of  Margaret  daughter  of  William  the  Lion,  Duchess  of  Brittany, 
and  Countess  of  Richmond. 


The  Seal  of  the  third  Roger  Bertram,  Lord  of  Mitford. 


LOCAL  MUNIMENTS.  11 

et  servicio  suo,  hornagiain  et  servicium  Johannis  de  Woderington,  et 
Constancies  uxoris  suae,  et  heredum  dictae  Constancies,  de  omnibus 
terris  et  tenementis  quae  de  me  tenuerunt  in  Berwyk',  Pikeden',  et 
Edington'  et  alibi  infra  comitatum  Northumbriae ;  et  homagium  et  servi- 
cium Rogeri  de  Areynes  et  heredum  suorum  de  omnibus  terris  et  tene- 
mentis quae  idem  Rogerus  tenuit  in  Calverdon'  et  alibi  infra  comitatum 
Northumbriae ;  et  homagium  et  servicium  Roberti  de  Menevile  et  here- 
dum suorum  de  omnibus  terris  et  tenementis  quae  idem  Robertus  de  me 
tenuit  in  Milneburne  et  alibi  infra  comitatum  Northumbriae — cum  wardis 
releviis  maritagiis  escaetis  et  omnibus  aliis  pertinenciis — faciendo  sectam 
ad  curiam  dicti  Domini  Hugonis — apud  Creklawe,  et  faciendo  dicto 
Domino  Hugoni — wardam  et  clausturam  quam  rnihi  et  antecessoribus 
meis  ad  Castrum  meum  de  Midford  et  ad  parcum  meum  ejusdem  villae 
facere  consueverunt ;  ethaec  facient — in  warda  et  claustura  velin  valore 
denariorum  ad  voluntatem  dicti  Domini  Hugonis — Salva  tamen  mihi — 
secta  predictorum  Johannis  [&c.]  ad  molendinum  meum  de  Midford  et 
Eland'  ad  tricesimum  vas  antecessorwm  [sic]  meorum  facere  consueverunt. 
— Reddendo  inde  annuatim  mihi  et  heredibus  meis  unam  sagittam  barba- 
tam. — Hiis  testibus,  Dominis  Johanne  de  Balliolo,  Johanne  de  Vescy, 
Adam  de  Gcsemue,  Johanne  de  Plasseto,  Johanne  de  Aulton', .  .  .  .Mau- 
dut,  Waltero  Eamon,  Johanne  de  Hoggel,  inilitibus ;  Rogero  de  Woder- 

3 ton',  Ricardo  Benet,  Hugone  Yigrus. 
Seal  of  green  wax.    Circular.    A  knight  on  horseback  :   on  his  shield 
on  the  caparison  of  his  steed  the  arms  of  Bertram  of  Mitford.] 
s'  RO[GERI  .  BERTRAM  .  MILITI?]S  .  DE  .  MIDFORDE. 

[An  earlier  seal  of  the  family  is  engraved  in  Surtees,  Plate  VII.,  but 
the  crosses  are  not  fitchee  as  they  appear  to  be  in  this  example,  in 
which,  however,  fleurs-de-lis  may  possibly  be  intended.] 

"  WETLAW"  [ET  CRAMLINGTON.J — Radulfus  de  Gaugi  films  domini 
Radulfi  de  Gaugi. — Johanni  de  Pampedene,  pro  homagio  et  servicio  suo, 
octo  bovatas  terrae — cum  quatuor  toltis  in  villa  de  Witelawe — Habenda 
— de  me  et  heredibus  meis  in  feodo  et  hereditate  cum  omnibus  commu- 
nibus  libertatibus  et  asiamentis  ad  predictam  [sic"]  villam  de  Crameling- 
ton' 8  et  ad  villam  de  Witelawe  pertinentibus  exceptis  defensis  meis — 
Reddendo  inde  annuatim  mihi  et  heredibus  meis  duodecim  denarios — 
pro  omni  servicio  consuetudine  auxiliis  et  demanda,  salvo  forinseco  servicio 
domini  Regis  quantum  pertinet  ad  tantam  terrain  illius  feodi. — Johannes 
et  heredes  sui  et  sui  assignati  quieti  et  soluti  erunt  imperpetuum  a  secta 
curiee  meae — Preterea — dabunt  pro  relevio  suo  duos  solidos  et  erunt  sine 
warda — Hiis  testibus,  Domino  Hugone  de  Bolebec  tune  vicecomite; 

reign,  including  Creklaw  (Kirkley),  which  was  already  the  property  of  Hugo  de 
Euer  at  the  date  of  the  present  grant. 

This  is  the  only  document  hitherto  printed  which  exhibits  John  de  Widdrington  as 
the  mesne  lord  of  Berwick-on-the-Hill,  Pigdon,  and  Edington,  in  right  of  Constance 
his  wife.  She  is  described  in  the  Hundred  Rolls  as  Constance  de  St.  Peter,  being  the 
heiress  of  a  family  of  that  name,  who  held  these  manors  under  the  Bertrams  at  least 
as  early  as  the  reign  of  Henry  II,,  by  the  same  service  of  two  knights. — J.  H.  H. 

8  Sir  William  Lawson  quarters  the  arms  of  Cramlington  of  Cramlington. 


12  LOCAL  MUNIMENTS. 

Koberto  de  Camou  subvicecomite  ;9  Eustacio  de  Laval ;  Henrico  de 
Laval;  Koberto  de  Faudona  ;  Hugone  de  Borutona;  Ada  de  Jesemuia; 
Radulfo  Baarth :  Rogero  de  Witelawe  ;  Waltero  de  Perisiis ;  Ricardo  de 
Herford;  Willielmo  le  Clorc  de  Crarnelingtona;  Ricardo  deWideslade; 
Galfrido  de  Wideslade,  et  multis  aliis. 

[Seal  of  green  wax.  Oval.  A  Eoman  gem  engraved  with  a  female 
figure.]  SIGILL'  [RADVLFI  D]E  GAVGI. 

[CRAMLINGTON,  1331.] — Willielmus  de  Burdon'  capellanus,  tune  per- 
petuus  vicarius  Novi  castri  super  Tynam — Willielmo  de  Kibelesworth  et 
Cecilise  uxori  sua?,  totum  Manerium  meum  in  villa  de  Cramelington' 
cum  omnibus  terris  meis  dominicis  et  duabus  acris  prati  eidem  manerio 
adjacentibus;  Et  etiam  quartam  partem  dominii  ejusdem  villse;  cum 
advocatione  medietatis  capellse  Sancti  Nicholai  in  eadem;  ac  etiam 
omnia  alia  et  singula  terras  et  tenementa — cum  singulis  servitiis  libere 
tenentium  quae  habuit  ex  donation  e — Johannis  filii  Willielmi  de  T  rowyk 
in  Cramlingtori'  et  Whitelawe — Habenda — Willielmo  et  Cecilise  et  here- 
dibus  de  assignatis  ipsius  Willielmi — una  cum  wardis,  releviis,  escaetis 
et  omnibus  aliis  pertinentiis — Hiis  testibus,  Domino  Johanne  de  Lille- 
burn'  tune  vicecomite  Northumbriee  ;  Domiriis  Eoberto  de  la  Vale,  Jo- 
hanne de  Fenwyk  militibus  ;  Thoma  de  Fenwyk,  Thoma  de  Hidewyn, 
Roberto  de  Byker,  Roberto  de  Rihill',  Johanne  de  Wydslade,  Johanne 
de  Plessetis,10  Johanne  de  Lyam,  Willielmo  de  Whitlawe, — apud  Crame- 
lington' die  Mercurii  proxima  ante  festum  Sancti  Lucse  EwanglistaB. 
Anno  Domini,  Millessimo  tricentesimo  tricesimo  primo.11 

\_Seal  of  brown  wax.  Oval.  A  Roman  gem,  engraved  with  a  Cupid 
riding  on  a  lion  ?  The  vicar  had  probably  picked  this  up  in  his  own 
churchyard.]  s'  WILELMI  DE  BVKDVN. 

"DE  ROBKRTO  DE  LA  LAWE." — Robertus de  la  Lawe  de  Morpath — pro 
salute  animas  mea3,  Deo  et  BeataB  Mariae  Abbati  et  Monachis  Novi  Mo- 
nasterii,  in  liberam  et  perpetuam  elemosinam,  unum  toftum  cum  edi- 
ficiis  in  villa  de  Morpath  quod  Robertus  Pudding'  tenet,  quod  jacet 
inter  domum  Walteri  Quaryur — et  domum  Mathei  Pelleter — Facicndo 
annuatim  capitali  domino  et  villa3  de  Morpath  debitum  servicium. — Et 
ego  Robertus  et  heredes  mei  predictum  toftum — contra  omnes  homines 
et  feminas  warantizabimus. — Hiis  testibus,  Domino  Johanne  de  Plessez, 
Ada  del  Hou,  Alano  Clericode  Morpath,12  Thoraldo,  Nicholaode  Parcho12 
de  eadem  villa. 

[_Seal  of  green  wax.  Pointed  oval.  A  fleur-de-lis.  Legend  de- 
faced, but  enough  remains  to  show  that  the  seal  was  not  constructed  for 
the  user.13  Handwriting  similar  to  that  of  Roger  Bertram's  charter.] 

9  The  date  of  the  charter  is  ascertained  within  two  years  and  a  half  by  this  attesta- 
tion.    Robert  de  Cambhou  filled  the  office  of  under-sheriff  for  Hugh  de  Bolbec,  in 
the  28th,  29th,  and  the  first  half  of  the  30th  year  of  Henry  III.— J.  H.  H. 

10  The  nephew  of  the  witness  of  the  same  name  in  two  previous  charters.      Hodg- 
son's Northumberland,  Part  ii.,  Vol.  ii.,  contains  a  Plessey  pedigree. — J.  H.  H. 

11  Brand  mentions  Burdon  as  Vicar  in  1316-27. 

12  These  personages  frequently  occur  circa  12  Edw.  I. 

13  Oval  seals  are  always  used  by  females  or  churchmen.     The  exceptions  are  few 
indeed. 


LOCAL  MUNIMENTS.  13 

11  TESTAMENTUM  JOHANNIS  DE  AUKLAND."  1399. — Die  veneris  proxima 
ante  festum  Sanctse  Marias  Magdalene  Anno  Domini  Millesimo  trescen- 
tesimo  nonagesimo  nono.  Ego  Johannes  de  Aukeland,  Burgensis  villaD 
Novi  castri  super  Tynam  condo  testamentum  meum. — In  primis  lego — 
animam  meam  Deo  Omnipotenti,  beatse  Mariae,  et  omnibus  sanctis  ejus, 
et  corpus  meum  ad  sepeliendum  in  ecclesia  Sancti  Nicholai  in  eadem 
villa. — Yicario  ejusdem  ecclesieepro  decimis  et  oblacionibus  meis  oblitis 
xls. — Fabricae  ejusdem  ecclesiae  v.  marcas.  Et  fabricee  capellee 
Omnium  Sanctorum  in  eadem  villa  xxs.  Et  fabricse  capellee  Sancti 
Johannis  in  eadem  villa  xxs.  Et  fabricae  capellae  Sancti  Andreae  in 
eadem  villa  xxs.  Et  fabricae  Ecclesiae  parochialis  de  Gatesheued  xx«. — 
Fabricae  et  operi  de  le  Denebrig  juxta  ecclesiam  Sancti  Nicholai  predicti 
xxs.,  sub  conditione  quod  procuratores  inde  operentur  et  exaltent 
muros. — Cuilibet  capellano  predictae  ecclesise  Sancti  Nicholai  xiiflJ. — 
xxxii.  marcas  duobus  capellanis  idoneis  ad  divina  servicia  in  predicta 
ecclesia  Sancti  Nicholai  pro  anima  mea  animabus  et  omnium  fidelium 
per  duos  annos  integros  celebrandis. — Isabellae  consanguineae  meae  x. 
marcas  ad  maritagium  suum. — Roberto  Johanson,  Johanni  Pullo,  et 
"VValtero  Barker  servientibus  meis  Ixs. — Quinque  servientibus  meis  tan- 
natoribus  xxxs.  iiijd. — Eesiduum  bonorum  meorum  do  et  lego  executo- 
nibus  meis  ut  ipsi  fideliter  disporiant  et  facient  pro  anima  mea.  Et 
Johannem  del  Halle  capellanum  et  Johannem  Kirkeby  meos  ordino — 
executores.  Et  Henricum  de  Bynkfeld  et  Robertum  Gabyfore  hujus 
testamenti  et  voluntatis  mea3  facio — supervisores.  Item  do — Margaretae 
uxori  meae  unum  annuum  redditum  x.  librarum  exeuntem  de  omnibus 
terris  et  tenementis  meis — in  villis  de  Novo  Castro  super  Tynam  et 
Gatesheued— -ad  terminum  vitae  ipsius. — Et  similiter — Aliciaa  sorori  mese 
unum  annuum  redditum  xx.  solidorum.  Item  do  et  lego  Alicias  filige 
meae  omnia  predicta  terras  et  tenementa  ac  redditus  et  possessiones — 
quse  habeo  in  predictis  villis,  [in  feodo  talliato] — remaneant  Johanni  de 
Bynkfeld  filio  Henrici  de  Bynkfeld  [in  feodo  talliato] — remaneant  Wil- 
lielmo  de  Bynkfeld  fratri  ipsius  Johannis  de  Bynkfeld  [in  feodo  talliato] 
— remaneant  Roberto  de  Bynkfeld  fratri  ipsius  Willielmi  [in  feodo  tall- 
iato]— remaneant  Henrico  dc  Bynkfeld  fratri  ipsius  Roberti  [in  feodo 

j_11'    j.   ~i       x  rm 3  _  T> i-./?~i  .1  j?. ±— •  i : TT :„•   t:~*  f^~A~ 

talliato 
talliato'_ 

volo  extunc  quod  omnia  predicta  terroe  [&c.]  sine  fraude  et  dolo  vend- 
antur  per  predictos  executores  meos  seu  eorum  executores  per  visum 
dictorum — supervisorum — seu  eorum  executorum — et  denarii  inde  per- 
cipiendi — pro  anima  mea  et  animabus  omnium  fidelium  defunctorum 
fideliter  disponantur. — Hiis  testibus  Domino  Willielmo  de  Stillyngton' 
capellano  parochiali14  ecclesise  Sancti  Nicholai  supradictee — et  aliis. 
Datum  apud  predictam  villam  Novi  Castri. 

Probatum — auttoritate  Domini  Dunolmensis  episcopi  officialis  in  ca- 
pella  Sancti  Thoma3,  villae  Novi  Castri  super  Tynam  vij.  die  Augusti 
Anno  infrascripto. 

[First  Seal  gone.  A  fragment  of  the  official's  seal  remaining  in  red 
wax.] 

14  A  parochial  chaplain  of  St.  Nicholas,  distinct  from  the  Vicar,  who  is  a  legatee. 


— remaneant  Thomse  de  Bynkfeld  fratri  ipsius  Henrici  [in  feodo 
— remaneant  Aliciae  de  Bynkfeld  sorori  ipsius  Thomse  [in  feodo 
— si  eadem  Alicia  sine  herede  de  corpore  suo  exeunte  obierit, 


15 


ROMAN  REMAINS  FOUND  AT  ADDERSTONE,  NEAR  BAM- 
BURGH,  NORTHUMBERLAND. 

IN  May,  1856,  as  some  labourers  were  engaged  in  draining  a  field  at  Ad- 
derstone,  on  the  farm  of  Mr.  Anderson,  the  property  of  George  Wilson, 
Esq.,  Alnwick,  they  came  upon  a  vessel  containing  a  quantity  of  Roman 
remains,  consisting  of  28  coins,  a  brass  scale  beam  and  weights,  with 
remains  of  scales,  and  an  article  of  remarkably  unique  appearance, 
composed  of  a  metal  resembling  the  consistency  of  tin  and  lead. 

The  coins  extend  over  the  reigns  which  took  place  from  Hadrian  to 
Aurelian  inclusive,  embracing  a  period  of  nearly  160  years,  during  the 
occupation  of  Britain  by  the  Romans,  beginning  about  A.D.  117, 
and  ending  A.D.  275,  taking  the  extremes  of  those  reigns.  Six  of  the 
coins  are  so  much  corroded  and  decomposed  as  to  make  the  task  of  de- 
ciphering them,  to  even  the  most  practised  eye,  utterly  hopeless;  the 
remainder  are  in  a  better  state  of  preservation,  and  have  all  been  de- 
termined. There  are  28  of  them  in  all,  16  large  bronze  (9th  size  ac- 
cording to  Ackerman),  and  12  small  ones  of  billon  (5th  size,  following 
the  same  authority). 

The  following  is  the  chronological  series,  with  the  periods  of  the 
reigns  of  the  several  emperors : — 

1  HADRIAN,  from A.D.  117  to  138  1   CARACALLA,  from A.D.  196  to  217 

1  ANTONINUS  Pius 138  ..   161  8  POSTUMUS 260  . .  267 

1  VERUS    161  ..  169  1  SALONIKA,  WIFE  OF  GALLI- 

2  COMMODUS 166  . .  192  ENUS 253  . .  268 

1  M.  AURELIUS    161  ,.  180  1  AURELIANUS 270  . .  275 

3  FAUSTINA  THE  YOUNGER,  1  Lucius  JELius. 

WIFE  OF  M.  AURELIUS.  3  small,  illegible. 

1  SEVERUS     197  ..  211      3  large,     ditto. 

The  coins  have  been  submitted  to  the  examination  of  Mr.  Roach 
Smith,  and  the  above  determinations  have  been  confirmed  by  him. 


The  scale  beam,  which  is  of  bronze,  about  8  inches  long,  still  quite 
perfect  and  nearly  evenly  balanced,  has  the  rings  still  attached  by  which 


EOMAN  REMAINS  FOUND  AT  ADDERSTONE.  15 

the  beam  and  scales,  when  in  use,  were  suspended.  The  rings  are 
formed  of  wire  of  the  same  metal  as  the  beam,  soldered  together,  but 
the  solder  has  been  decomposed,  and  the  parts  where  they  were  joined 
are  now  open.  The  scales  are  very  much  wasted.  The  parties  who 
made  the  discovery  unfortunately  scoured  the  beam  with  sand,  leaving 
it  in  its  present  state.  A  Eoman  beam  of  a  similar  description  has,  I 
am  informed,  been  recently  found  in  Kent,  and  is  now  in  the  possession 
of  Mr.  Eoach  Smith. 

The  nondescript  article  consists 
of  two  circular  rings,  about  2j 
inches  in  diameter,  made  of  a  rod 
of  metal  a  quarter  of  an  inch  thick, 
the  rod  twisted  together  for  about 
an  inch  and  a  half  in  the  centre, 
bridle-bit  fashion,  forming  the  junction  by  which  the  rings  are  con- 
nected. Some  persons  who  have  seen  it  are  of  opinion  that  the  whole 
has  been  cast  solid.  It  has  been  examined  by  several  experienced  anti- 
quaries, but  none  of  them  have  been  able  to  guess  at  its  use,  and  their 
ingenuity  has  been  baffled  to  offer  a  conjecture  as  to  its  object  in  Eoman 
economy.  Has  it  not  formed  a  part  of  the  mountings  of  the  harness  of 
a  Eoman  chariot  ?  Probably  there  are  many  things  in  common  use  by 
distant  nations  of  the  present  day,  the  purposes  of  which  we  should, 
without  information  respecting  them,  be  utterly  unable  to  divine. 

The  field  in  which  the  remains  were  discovered  lies  in  an  angle  formed 
by  the  great  north  road  on  the  west,  and  the  road  running  eastward  by 
Adderstone  to  Lucker  on  the  north.  It  would  appear  formerly  to  have 
been  in  a  forest  state,  and  subsequently  a  bog,  as  in  the  course  of  drain- 
ing through  the  dark  peaty  soil  the  workmen  came  upon  the  trunks  of 
several  large  oak  trees,  some  of  which  they  cut  through ;  others,  where 
the  placing  of  draining  tiles  could  be  accomplished  with  less  labour, 
they  excavated  underneath,  leaving  the  trees  otherwise  undisturbed 
further  than  was  necessary  for  the  completion  of  the  work  in  which 
they  were  engaged.  The  man  who  discovered  them  was  digging  in  a 
drain,  between  four  and  five  feet  deep,  and  threw  them  to  the  side  in 
what  appeared  to  be  a  box,  but  which  when  thrown  out  went  immedi- 
ately and  completely  to  pieces,  so  much  so  that  no  part  of  it  was  at- 
tempted to  be  preserved.  The  coins  and  other  articles  were  scattered 
on  the  side  of  the  drain,  but  were  afterwards  collected  by  the  workmen 
present. 

What  gives  additional  interest  to  the  discovery,  is  the  locality  in 
which  it  was  made.  At  a  short  distance  stand  Waren,  Budle,  Spindle- 


16        ROMAN  REMAINS  FOUND  AT  ADDERSTONE. 

ston,  and  Outchester,  at  the  latter  of  which  places  are  still  the  remains 
of  Roman  works.  Outchester  or  TJlchester,  evidently  a  name  alluding 
to  Roman  occupation,  stands  on  the  north  side  of  the  Warn  rivulet, 
and  seems  to  have  been  intended  to  secure  the  pass  of  the  river 
and  the  harbour  of  Warn,  and  it  is  within  two  miles  from  that 
place  where  the  present  remains  were  found.  The  most  eminent  of 
our  local  antiquaries  have  advanced  the  theory,  that  there  was  an 
ancient  Roman  way  from  Budle  by  the  Charltons  southwards,  and 
the  present  discovery  is  an  additional  fact  tending  to  confirm  that 
opinion.  Adderstone,  whichever  direction  that  route  might  take,  would 
be  in  its  immediate  proximity,  and  a  further  and  more  careful  investi- 
gation of  the  district  would,  in  all  likelihood,  be  productive  of  corrobo- 
rative evidence  elucidatory  of  that  theory,  and  would  probably  repay 
the  labour  of  the  Northumbrian  archaeologist. 

J.  ARCHBOLD. 
Alnwick, 


17 


THE  BELLS  OF  ST.  NICHOLAS'  CHUKCH,  NEWCASTLE. 

DETEREED,  probably,  by  exaggerated  fears  of  dirt,  danger,  and  fatigue, 
none  of  the  topographers  of  Newcastle  appear  to  have  examined  the 
bells  of  the  parish  church  ;  and  their  inscriptions  are  unnoticed  in  the 
histories  of  the  town.  Having  recently  taken  careful  rubbings  of  the 
legends  on  these  bells,  I  am  enabled  to  supply  this  remarkable  omis- 
sion. 

Until  the  Corporation  (who,  for  the  use  of  the  bells,  repair  the  tower,) 
presented  three  additional  bells  in  what  Bourne  (who  died  in  1732)  terms 
"late  years,"  the  church  possessed  only  five  bells  in  the  steeple.  Of 
these  five,  three  are  inscribed  in  mediaeval  black  letter,  and  are  con- 
nected with  saints. 

I.  One  of  them  was  named  after  St.  Nicholas,  the  patron  of  the 
church,  and  bears  a  rhyme  in  Latin  :  — 

®  Cuiutfe  «  iHotruTamuta  * 


("  Bearing  modulations  to  all,  I  am  rejoicing  Nicholas.  "">  The  mark  at  the 
commencement,  is  a  merchant's  or  bellfounder's.  It  is  composed  of 
a  cross  saltire,  surmounted  by  a  plain  cross. 

II.  Another  bell  bears  the  same  mark,  but  is  of  superior  workman- 
ship. It  exhibits  two  figures  —  a  flower  between  them.  The"  Annunci- 
ation to  the  Yirgin,  to  whom  the  bell  is  dedicated,  is  evidently  intended 
to  be  represented.  The  legend  is  — 

*  4&.  mater,  trfa.  me.  gana.  fotrgo  3<  maria. 

("  0,  Divine  Mother,  Mary  the  Yirgin,  heal  me.")  At  Heighington, 
county  Durham,  is  a  bell  of  the  same  good  workmanship,  adorned  with 
a  figure  of  the  Yirgin  and  the  arms  of  Neville,  and  bearing  nearly  the 
same  legend.  The  second  cross  in  our  reading  occupies  the  place  of  the 
mark. 


18         THE  BELLS  OF  ST.  NICHOLAS'  CHURCH  NEWCASTLE. 

III.  The  third  bell  of  ancient  date  was  that  of  St.  Michael : — 
Cam^ana  .  Watov  .  JHtolfe  .  iiulcfe  .  g>feto  .  JHelfe. 

This  seems  to  be  the  reading,  but  there  is  something  wrong  at  the  end. 
Between  each  word  is  a  circular  device.  On  each  of  two  large  leaves  or 
branches  of  a  central  stem,  which  is  surmounted  by  a  cross,  is  perched 
a  bird  looking  backwards.  Bound  this  subject  is  an  illegible  blackletter 
legend.  On  the  top  of  the  same  bell  is  a  shield  repeated  four  times. 
Its  bearings  are  a  chevron  between  three  vases  or  covered  eups  with 
handles  and  spouts.  This  coat  does  not  occur  among  the  enumerated 
arms  of  companies,  but  it  may  be  certainly  considered  as  allusive  to  the 
moulders  or  other  workmen  employed  in  some  particular  branch  of  bell- 
founding.  It  occurs  on  one  of  the  bells  of  St.  Bartholomew's, 
London.  On  the  bells  of  Scorton  chapel,  near  Bievaulx,  a  similar 
device  occurs  twice  in  conjunction  with  the  bells  of  the  bellfounders. 
The  smaller  bell  is  old,  though  it  is  not  that  which  was  removed  from 
Byland  by  Abbot  Eoger  in  1146.  On  the  dexter  side  of  a  crozier  is  a 
bell.  On  the  sinister,  a  bell  and  double-handed  vessel  standing  on  three 
legs.  Eound  this  device  runs  the  legend  in  the  shape  of  a  heater  shield, 
informing  us  that  John  Copgraf  made  the  bell.  On  the  greater  bell, 
dated  1676,  a  shield  occurs  thrice,  with  the  initials  P.  "W.  under  it. 
Three  of  the  tripod  cups  (no  chevron)  are  impaled  with  a  chevron  be- 
tween three  bells,  the  cups  occupying  the  dexter  portion  of  the  shield.1 

IY.  There  appears  always  to  have  been  one  bell  more  exclusively  de- 
voted to  municipal  purposes,  called  the  COMMON,  GKEAT,  or  THIEF  and 
REIVER  BELL.  The  last  name  was  applied  to  it  in  consequence  of  its 
taking  the  place  of  (or  accompanying)  the  curfew  or  8  o'clock  bell  on 
the  occasion  of  each  of  the  fairs  of  the  town — at  which,  by  a  custom 
widely  dispersed,  none  but  the  greatest  malefactors  were  liable  to  arrest. 
In  Germany,  according  to  Fynes  Moryson,  "  at  the  time  of  public  fairs, 
after  the  sound  of  a  bell,  it  is  free  for  debtors,  harlots,  and  banished 
people  to  enter  the  citie."  Another  special  use  of  this  bell,  from  which 
the  name  of  Common  Bell  seems  to  be  derived,  was  that  of  its  being 

1  At  Norton,  county  Durham,  on  a  bell  dated  1664,  the  same  bearings  occurred 
seven  times,  the  bells  being  to  the  dexter.  This  bell  was  recast  a  few  years  ago.  On 
an  old  bell  at  Egglescliffe,  dedicated  to  St.  Mark,  a  bell  and  a  bell-rope  occur  alter- 
nately between  each  word.  At  the  church  of  Ellerker,  in  1585,  were  three  beUs  in 
the  steeple.  One  of  them  had  two  trefoiled  compartments,  one  with  three  flours  de 
hs,  1  and  2,  the  other  with, three  talbot's  heads,  1  and  2;  an  eagle  upon  a  swaddled 
child  also  occurred,  and  the  legend  «  MAY  FORTUNE  1577  ABOUT  THIS  BELL."  On 
another  bell,  with  an  oratory  legend  to  Christ  and  the  Virgin,  was  a  shield  with  three 
bells,  2  and  1,  no  chevron.  (Harl.  MS.  1394,  p.  312).— ED 


THE  BELLS  OF  ST.  NICHOLAS'  CHURCH,  NEWCASTLE.  19 

tolled  to  convene  the  burgesses,  and  other  business.  On  the  great 
annual  election,  it  begins  (says  Brand)  "  at  nine  o'clock  in  the  morning, 
and  with  little  or  no  intermission  continues  to  toll  till  three  o'clock, 
when  they  begin  to  elect  the  mayor,  &c.  Its  beginning  so  early  was 
doubtless  intended  to  call  together  the  several  companies  to  their  respec- 
tive meeting-houses,  in  order  to  choose  the  former  .and  latter  electors, 
&c.  A  popular  notion  prevails,  that  it  is  for  the  old  mayor's  dying,  as 
they  call  his  going  out  of  office — the  tolling,  as  it  were,  of  his  passing 
bell."  The  great  bell  was  also  tolled  at  twelve  o'clock  at  noon  of  Pan- 
cake or  Shrove  Tuesday,  when  a  general  holiday  for  the  rest  of  the  day 
commenced.  Bourne  quotes  Carr's  MSS.  for  the  statement  that  this 
bell  appears  to  have  been  cast  in  1593.  In  October  of  that  year,  the 
Corporation  paid  "  for  two  band  ropes,  one  to  the  common  bell,  and 
another  to  the  8  o'clock  bell,  3s.  4d.  a  piece."  In  October,  1595,  (per- 
haps the  date  to  be  substituted  for  the  1593  of  Bourne,)  they  paid  "to 
William  Borne,  in  consideration  of  a  hauser  which  was  spoilede  in 
haylinge  upp  the  common  bell  of  Sainte  Nichol  church  to  steple,  20s." 
As  soon,  however,  as  1615,  according  to  Bourne,  the  "great  bell  called 
the  common  bell,"  weighing  3,120  or  3,130ZJ.,  was  sent  to  Colchester 
to  be  new  cast.  Yet  it  is  stated  that  it  was  cast  again  in  1622,  and 
weighed  33  cwt.  Certain  it  is  that  in  1754,  when  it  was  again  sent 
to  be  recast,  it  weighed  at  the  High  Crane  32  cwt.  3  qrs.  14  Ib.  good. 
It  cracked — during  a  great  improvement  in  the  Newcastle  school  of 
bellringing.  On  February  7,  1754,  a  young  society  of  ringers  rang 
2,520  changes  of  bob  triples  in  1  hour  36  minutes,  being  half  the  com- 
plete peal,  which  had  never  been  performed  on  these  bells  before.  To 
complete  the  whole  peal  was  thought  impossible,  by  reason  of  the  bad 
hanging.  On  April  11,  as  the  ringers  were  about  halfway  through  a 
peal  of  grandsire  triples,  the  great  bell  cracked,  and  on  September  25 
was  taken  down  for  transmission  to  London.  About  Wd.  a  pound  was 
allowed  for  it,  producing  1531.  The  new  bell  cost  Is.  Id.  per  pound, 
amounting  to  218?.  8s.  It  weighed  3Qcwt.  or  4,032ZJ.  It  was  landed 
on  the  quay  from  London  on  December  20,  1 754,  and  was  first  rung  on 
January  1,  1755.  Mr.  Lawrence,  a  noted  bellhanger  of  London,  was 
sent  for  by  the  magistrates.  He  hung  all  the  bells  so  effectually  that, 
notwithstanding  the  weight  of  the  new  tenor  bell,  a  complete  peal  of 
bob  triples  was  rung  with  the  greatest  ease  in  3  hours  13  minutes  and  a 
quarter,  on  April  10.2  The  inscription  of  the  present  bell  is — "  CTTTH- 

2  In  the  steeple  are  tablets  with  the  following  records  of  "  native  talent " — 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  1808. — Nov.  15.      A  true  peal  of  Holt's  grandsire  triples, 
consisting  of  5040  changes,  was  rung  by  the  Newcastle  Union  Society  in  three  hours 
and  twenty  minutes.     Artes  liberales  ab  omnibus  nisi  impmdentibus  diliguntur. 


20         THE  BELLS  OF  ST.  NICHOLAS'  CHURCH,  NEWCASTLE. 

BERT  SMITH,  ESQ.,  MAYOE.      WILLIAM  BOWELL,  ESQ.,  SHERIFF.      1754. 
THOMAS  LESTER  &  THOMAS  PACK  FECIT."  3 

V.  One  more  bell  of  the  old  five  remains  to  be  noticed.  It  has  the 
arms  of  Newcastle,  supporters  and  crest,  the  tails  of  the  seahorses  being 
twisted  in  an  unusual  form.  It  runs  on  two  lines  thus : — 

4COVRT  .  TO  .  THIS  .  HEIGHT  .  TOW  .  WHEN  .  THIS  .  TOWRE  . 
WHEN  .  1658    .    .     .     I       .       H       .       .       SEE  .  IT  .  WAS  .  BYILT  . 


Such  were  the  five  bells  of  St.  Nicholas  up  to  1717.  We  have  seen 
an  entry  mentioning  the  "  8  a'clocke  bell,"  or  curfew,  as  distinct  from 
a  common  bell;  and  in  1594  the  Corporation  paid  "the  under  clarke  of 
Sainte  Nichol's  churche  towlinge  the  6  a'clocke  bell  for  schollers  in  the 
morninge,  3s.  4d"  This  is  the  bell  alluded  to  by  Brand  in  his  "Po- 
pular Antiquities,"  as  "rung  at  six  every  morning,  except  Sunday  sand 
holidays,  with  a  view,  it  should  seem,  of  calling  up  the  artisans  to  their 
daily  employment" — and  practically,  here  and  elsewhere,  this  was 
doubtless  its  principal  end. 

The  records  of  the  various  occasions  on  which  these  bells  were  rung, 
belong  rather  to  the  illustration  of  general  history  and  the  local  feelings 
of  the  people,  than  to  that  of  the  bells.  They  do  not,  therefore,  enter 
into  this  brief  notice.  It  may,  however,  be  in  place  to  allude  to  the 
peculiar  expression  used  by  the  Corporation  official  in  stating  his  pay- 
ment to  the  clerk  for  commemorating  Queen  Elizabeth's  accession  on 
the  17th  of  November.  It  is  "for  joie  of  our  Majesties  raign" — "  our 
Majesty"  being  his  frequent  designation  of  the  Virgin  Queen.  The 

Netvcastle-upon-Tyne,  1809. — Jubilee,  Oct.  25.  Was  rung  a  5040  of  Holt's  grand- 
sire  triples  by  the  Union  Society  of  this  town  in  three  hours  and  twenty  minutes, 
being  the  only  peal  rung  in  England  in  commemoration  of  his  majesty  King  George 
the  Third  entering  into  the  fiftieth  year  of  his  reign. 

St.  Nicholas,  1842. — March  27  (Easter  Sunday).  The  Union  Society  of  Newcastle 
and  Gateshead  Change  Ringers,  in  company  with  J.  Cox,  and  J.  Freeman,  two  mem- 
bers of  the  Society  of  St.  James'  Youths,  London,  rung  a  complete  peal  of  Holt's 
grandsire  triples,  5040  changes,  in  the  unprecedented  short  period  of  two  hours  and 
fifty-nine  minutes. 

1848,  Dec.  8.  Eight  members  of  the  Ancient  Union  Society  of  Change  Eingers  of 
Newcastle  and  Gateshead  rung  a  true  and  complete  peal  of  grandsire  triples,  5040 
changes,  in  two  hours  and  fifty-five  minutes,  the  quickest  peal  on  record.  This  in- 
genious peal  is  the  composition  of  Mr.  Thurston,  of  Birmingham,  it  consists  of  170 
singles  and  75  bobs.  The  first  peal  rung  by  native  talent  since  the  Jubilee  of  Geo. 

3  The  word  fecit  is  below  the  rest  of  the  inscription. 

4  There  is  a  small  mark  or  character  here,  something  like  M  or  a  black  letter  t  with 
a  curved  top  to  it.     "  "When  caught  to  this  height  you  see  when  this  tower  it  was 
built." 


THE  BELLS  OF  ST.  NICHOLAS'  CHURCH,  NEWCASTLE.          21 

bells  of  St.  Nicholas  are  muffled  on  the  anniversary  of  King  Charles 
the  First's  execution  (1810) — a  most  unusual  custom.  Brand  suggests 
that  it  probably  dates  from  the  Restoration,  and  may  be  accounted  for 
by  the  singular  loyalty  of  the  King's  town  of  Newcastle. 

It  remains  to  glance  at  the  modern  additions  to  the  belfry.  The 
three  bells  which  had  been  added  in  Bourne's  days,  were,  he  says,  given 
by  the  Corporation. 

VI.,  VII.  Two  of  them  read — RALPH.  READ,  ESQ.,  MAYOR.  FEANCIS 
JOHNSON,  ESQE.,  SHEEIF.  1717.  R.  PHELPS  LONDINI  FECIT. 

VIII.  The  third  seems  to  have  been  recast — as  it  reads — THOMAS 
MEAES,  LATE  LESTEE,  PACK,  AND  CHAPMAN,  LONDON,  FECIT,  1791.   It  is  a 
"  maiden  bell,  a  clean  casting  in  no  need  of  chipping."     The  above 
eight  bells,  only,  constitute  the  fine  peal  of  St.  Nicholas.    But,  above 
one  of  the  bells  of  1717,  hangs  the  largest  bell  of  the  steeple,  and  on  it 
the  hours  are  struck. 

IX.  This  bell  was  presented  in  pursuance  of  the  will  of  Major  George 
Anderson,  of  Newcastle,  dated  17  April,   1824,   proved  1831,  which 
contained  the  following  singular  bequests  for  public   purposes : — "I 
leave  to  the  church  of  St.  Andrew's,  in  the  town  of  Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne,  100?.  for  the  purpose  of  repairing  and  ornamenting  the  tower 
thereof;  and  if  that  the  tower  aforesaid  after  being  repaired  and  orna- 
mented shall  be  found  capable  of  bearing  and  admitting  a  spire  of 
height  of  from  50  to  100ft.  high,  then  in  that  case  I  leave  it  £400 
more  for  that  purpose.     My  wish  is  that  it  may  be  seen  from  Durham 
Cathedral,    and    give    an    exterior    dignity    to    the   town   of    New- 
castle.    I  leave  to  the  church  of  St.  John's,  Newcastle,  in  Westgate 
Street,  200Z.  for  the  purpose  of  creating  a  spire  on  the  top  of  the  tower 
thereof,  of  the  height  of  50  feet  high — which  said  spire  shall  have  my 
name  and  arms  thereon,  with  the  date  thereof.     I  leave  to  the  church  of 
St.  Nicholas,  Newcastle,  500J.  for  the  purpose  of  purchasing  a  large 
bell  for  the  clock  to  strike  upon — which  said  bell  shall  have  my  name 
and  arms  thereon,  with  the  date  thereof,  and  the  purpose  for  which  it 
was  given.     These  gifts  above  mentioned  I  trust  the  Reverend  the  Vicar 
of  Newcastle  will  see  properly  and  correctly  apply ed.     But  if  that  the 
Vicar  of  Newcastle  and  the  Churchwardens  of  the  aforesaid  churches 
will  not  comply  with  the  above  conditions  in  the  course  of  three  years, 


22         THE  BELLS  OF  ST.  NICHOLAS'  CHURCH,  NEWCASTLE. 

then  the  aforesaid  sums  shall  be  forfeited,  and  become  the  property  of 
my  godson,  Gteorge  Anderson.  I  wish  that  my  executors  to  my  will 
see  the  bequests  left  to  the  churches  before-mentioned  correctly  complied 
with,  as  they  are  intended  to  be  of  general  ornament,  use,  and  benefit  to 
the  town  of  Newcastle,  and  also  an  example  to  others  to  imitate  of  the 
Church  of  England — as  I  hold  it  in  opinion  it  is  the  duty  of  every  one 
to  keep  up  the  magnificence  and  dignity  of  the  buildings  erected  to  the 
Supreme  Being." 

Major  Anderson's  intentions  as  to  church-towers  not  having  been  car- 
ried out,  the  bequests,  so  far,  sunk  into  the  residue. 

On  December  3,  1833,  the  bell  bequeathed  to  the  parish-church  of 
St.  Nicholas  was  christened  "The  Major,"  and  on  the  10th  hoisted  into 
the  belfry.  It  is  hung  some  four  or  five  feet  above  the  first  bell  in  the 
north  east  angle.  Inscription: — "PURCHASED  FOE, THE  CLOCK  TO  STRIKE 

UPON,  AGREEABLY  TO  THE  WlLL  OF  GEORGE  ANDERSON,  ESQ.,   1833.       CAST 

AT  THE  FOUNDRY  OF  SIR  ROBERT  SHAFTOE  HAWKS  &  Co.,  BY  JAMES  HAR- 
RISON, OF  BARTON-UPON-HUMBER,  NOVEMBER  23,  1833."  (Arms.) 

"  The  Major"  is  a  very  imperfect  bell,  and  I  have  been  told  by  Mr. 
Laurie  that  the  tenor  can  be  heard  at  twice  the  distance.  Harrison,  the 
founder,  was  a  son  of  the  celebrated  chronometer -maker,  who  won 
the  Government  prize  of  20,OOOZ. ;  but  he  blundered  the  bell.  Bell- 
metal  is  a  mixture,  as  everybody  knows,  of  copper  and  tin.  Harrison 
came  to  Mr.  Robert  Watson's  foundry  in  the  High  Bridge,  and  got 
about  a  hundredweight  of  brass — a  mixture  of  copper  and  zinc — to  mix 
with  the  proper  materials.  The  consequence  was,  with  all  the  chipping 
and  other  expedients  he  could  resort  to,  the  sound  was  unsatisfac- 
tory : — the  thing  was  blundered  altogether.5 

For  the  guidance  of  those  who  may  wish  to  inspect  the  bells,  I  sub- 
join a  rough  idea  of  their  positions  in  the  tower.  The  Roman  nume- 

5  From  the  information  of  Mr.  Robert  White.  Harrison,  nevertheless,  bore  a 
good  professional  reputation.  The  Rev.  John  Byron,  of  Killingholme,  Line.,  has 
obligingly  transmitted  the  following  information  from  a  correspondent,  of  whom,  in 
consequence  of  that  reputation,  he  had  made  enquiries  about  the  failure  of  skill  at 
Newcastle  : — "  I  have  heard  from  a  man  that  knew  Harrison  the  bell -founder,  that 
the  bell  at  Newcastle  was  doubtless  the  result  of  an  experiment.  He  was  too  poor  to 
try  it  on  his  own  account,  so  he  gave  the  next  customer,  after  the  idea  originated,  the 
benefit  of  it.  The  same  person  tells  me  that  he  was  once  at  a  place  where  Harrison 
had  cast  bells  for  the  church.  For  a  time  they  stood  in  the  church-yard,  where  the 
boys  frequently  took  great  liberties  with  them,  such  as  throwing  bricks  at  them,  &c. 
One  day  Harrison  himself,  who  was  a  very  little  man,  went  to  the  bells,  and  began 
hammering  at  them  with  a  chisel.  The  clergyman  going  past  saw  him,  and  be- 
stowed a  tremendous  whack  on  the  side  of  the  bell- founder's  head,  asking  what  he 
was  doing  there — and  what  he  had  to  do  with  the  bells.  To  his  surprise  the  answer 
was,  '  I  cast  them.'  " 


THE  BELLS  OF  ST.  NICHOLAS'  CHURCH,  NEWCASTLE.         23 

rals  refer  to  the  descriptions  in  this  paper,  the  Arabic  signs  denote  the 
order  of  ringing. 


NORTH. 


11.  7. 
8.  MARY. 

IX. 

MAJOR. 

—  t 

1831. 

(above  VI.) 

VI.  1. 
1717. 

r 

Platform. 

I.  6. 
S.  NICHOLAS. 

r 

IV 

.  8. 

Common  or 
Great  Bell. 

1754. 

VII.  2. 
1717. 

Trap  Door. 

VIII.  5. 
1791. 

III.  4. 

V.  3. 

8.  MICHAEL. 

1658. 

SOUTH. 


JOHN  VENTKESS. 


Newcastle-upon-  Tyne. 


24 


LOCAL  MUNIMENTS. 

SINCE  the  publication  of  the  abstract  of  deeds  on  p.  61  et  seq.,  it  has 
been  found  that  the  whole  of  them,  except  the  last,  refer  to  property  of 
the  various  foundations  connected  with  the  chapel  of  St.  Margaret, 
Crossgate,  Durham.  It  appears  that  several  others  are  in  the  vestry  of 
St.  Margaret' s,?of  which  copies  were  made  some  time  ago;  and  among 
Mr.  Raine's  minutes  of  charters,  are  notices  of  others.  It  is  natural  to 
suppose  that  many  more  are  dispersed  with  the  modern  title-deeds  of 
the  properties  to  which  they  relate.  As  Corbridge  is  entirely  inedited, 
and  St.  Margaret's  chapelry  only  imperfectly  so,  it  appears  desirable  to 
place  these  additional  evidences  on  record ;  especially  as,  even  without 
reference  to  persons  and  places,  a  state  of  society  and  dealing  with 
church  property  is  shown  in  violent  contrast  with  parochial  usages  of 
the  present  day.  The  notes  derived  from  Mr.  Raine's  MSS.  are  marked 
(R),  the  remainder  are  from  the  copies  before  mentioned,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  one  document  which  has  been  communicated  by  Mr.  Allan, 
as  stated  in  the  proper  place, 

1477.  John  Blenkarn  and  John  Lonesdale,  proctors  or  churchmas- 
ters  (procuratores  seu  ycomini}  of  the  church  of  St.  Margaret  the  Yirgin 
in  Durham,  by  consent  and  will  of  all  the  parishioners,  have  delivered 
an  antiphoner,  which  they  had  by  gift  of  John  Hoton,  chaplain  of  the 
chapel  of  Hareton  (Harraton),  to  the  same  Hoton,  to  hold  for  his 
life,  and  afterwards  to  remain  to  the  said  church.  At  Durham,  21  April. 
"Witnesses,  Master  William  Rackett,  Justice  of  the  Peace  of  the  Lord 
Bishop  of  Durham,  Cuthbert  Byllyngham,  Esq.,  &c. 

"WALBTDGE. — 1513.  Cuthbert  Billingham,  Ralph  German  and  Tho- 
mas Trotter,  Alderman  and  Proctors  of  the  Guild  of  St.  Margaret  in 
the  chapel  of  St.  Margaret, to  Richard  Punshon  of  Walrage  be- 
side Chester  in  the  Street.  Lease  of  a  messuage  in  "Walrage,  late  in  the 
tenure  of  Thomas  Walshe,  for  15  years,  at  the  rent  of  12<£.  to  the 
Guild,  and  6s.  to  the  Dean  of  Chester  in  the  Street.  5  April. 


LOCAL  MUNIMENTS.  25 

COATHAM    MUNDEVILLE,    GnAYSTONES,   AND  WHESSOE. [1.460.]        Tho- 

mas  Eltoft,  esq.,  Thomas  Dytcheburn,  Robert  Strynger  and  John 

Walker to  William  Eure,  knt.,  Christopher  Conyers  of  Sokburn, 

esq.,  Ralph  Dalton,  rector  of  Sokeburn  church,  and  Thomas  Segiswyk. 
Release  of  all  the  lands  and  tenements  which  were  John  Eltoft's  in 
Cotom  Mondevyle,  Graystones  and  Whessoe.  20  Jan.  38  Hen.  VI* 

DURHAM.  WHARHAM  FAMILY. — 1426.  Thomas  de  Tang  .  to 

Thomas  Holden,  esq.  Conveyance  of  two  messuages,  and  63  acres  in 
Norton  and  Stokton :  in  exchange  for  a  burgage  in  the  Marketplace  of 
Durham  between  a  tenement  of  John  Kellowe's  heirs  and  that  some- 
time "Richard  de  Moreton's  in  which  Robert  Spycer  dwells,  and  4s,  rent 
issuing  out  of  a  tenement  which  William  Wharrome  holds  by  gift  of 
Holden  in  Framwelgate.  At  Norton,  Monday  before  the  feast  of  St. 
Mark  the  Evangelist,  4  Hen.  VI.  [See  as  to  the  livery  of  seisin,  No. 
7,  p.  64,  vol.  i.] 

Same  date.  A  corresponding  charter  from  Holden  to  Tang  of  tho 
Durham  property,  dated  at  Durham. 

1428.  William  Wharham  of  Durham to  his  son  Robert  Whar- 

ham.  Conveyance  of  all  his  lands,  tenements,  &c.  in  the  Borough  and 
in  the  Old  Borough  of  Durham  and  all  the  leaden  vessels  in  them. 
April  20. 

1442.  John  Pertryk  and  William  Tronesdale,  chaplains, to  Ro- 
bert Wharrome  and  Eleanor  his  wife.  Conveyance  of  a  burgage  in 
Framwelgate  between  a  burgage  late  Robert  Walker's  on  the  N.,  and  a 
burgage  of  William  Shoruton  on  the  S.,  which  the  grantors  lately  had 
by  feoffment  of  the  said  Robert  Wharrome.  In  special  tail ;  remainder  to 
the  heirs  of  Robert.  Eeast  of  the  Assumption. 

[1473.]  Robert  Wharum  to  William  Raket.  A  burgage  in 

Framwelgate  between  the  burgage  late  Robert  Raket' s  and  that  late 
William  Schoroton's.  3  Feb.  12  Edw.  IV.  [See  No.  6,  p.  63,  vol.  i.] 

[1502.]  Agnes  Raket  of  Preston,  widow  of  William  Raket, to 

John  Coll  of  Durham  and  Isabella  his  wife.  Release  of  a  burgage  in 
Framwelgate,  in  which  the  said  John  and  Isabella  now  dwell.  1  Oct. 
18  Henry  VII. 

1489.  Robert  Wharram  of  the  Manor  of  Longley  beside  Est  Bran- 
don   to  John  Pottes  and  John  Tedcaster,  churchmasters  ficominis) 

and  proctors  of  the  chapel  of  St.  Margaret,  founded  in  the  Old  Borough 
of  Durham,  and  their  successors.  Conveyance  of  a  tenement  in  the  Old 
Borough  in  Crosgat,  on  the  north  side  of  the  street,  between  a  tenement 
of  the  chapel  late  in  the  tenure  of  Richard  Baxter  and  a  tenement  late 
of  John  Pollard.  21  Sep. 

VOL.  II.  B 


26  LOCAL  MUNIMENTS. 

[The  following  document,  reciting  the  above  conveyance,  gives  a  rea- 
son for  it.] 

THIS  INDENTFK  mayd  at  Duresme  the  xxij  day  of  Septembr'  in  the 
yeir  of  oure  Lord  God  M'cccciiij"  and  ix  BETWIX  Robert  Wharram  of 
the  Maner  of  Longley  besiyd  Est  Brandon  in  the  county  of  Duresme  of 
on  part  And  John  of  Pottes  and  John  Tedcaster  of  Duresme  Kyrk- 
maisters  and  proktors  of  the  chapell  of  Saynt  Margareyt  in  the  Aide 
Burgh  of  Duresme  on  the  tother  part  WITNES  WHEIB,  the  for  sayd  Ro- 
bert  Wharram  has  grantted  and  a  reles  has  mayd  appon  a  deyd  of  giyffc 
And  ther  oppon  possession  delyvered  and  takyn  be  John  of  Pottes  and 
John  Tedcastr  afor  sayd  of  A  tenement  with  the  purtenance  in  the  Aide 
Burghe  of  Duresme  aforsayd  liyng  betwix  the  tenement  layt  in  the 
haldyng  of  Richard  Baxster  of  the  North  part  of  Crosgat  and  a  tene- 
ment sum  tiym  in  the  haldyng  of  John  Pollard  ther  on  the  tother  part 
AND  WHEIR  the  for  sayd  John  and  John  kirkmasters  and  proktors  of  the 
chapell  a  for  sayd  has  graunted  be  the  concent  of  all  the  parissheyng  of 
the  sayd  chapell  unto  the  for  sayd  Robert  Wharram  for  his  giyft  of  the 
tenement  be  a  deyd  with  a  relesse  and  possession  of  the  sayd  tenement  meyd 
and  doon  THERFOR,  the  for[sayd]  Robert  Wharram.  eftur  his  deeth  shall 
with  Grod  grace  and  leve  shall  be  beried  in  the  for  sayd  chapell  of  Saynt 
Margareyt  and  his  childer  of  his  body  lawfully  gatyn.  IN  WITNES  and 
in  fulfilling  of  all  condicions  and  covenants  afor  writyn  the  partes  a  for 
sayd  to  this  indentor  interchangeable  has  putte  ther  seales  the  place  day 
and  the  yeire  a  bove  writen. 

1493.  Robert  Wharham,  senior,  of  the  manor  of  Longley,  to 

Richard  Lewyn,  Robert  Cokyn,  John  Lonesdale  and  John  Pottis,  church- 
masters  and  proctors  [now  four  instead  of  two]  of  St.  Margaret's  chapel. 
Release  of  the  tenement  comprised  in  the  last  deed,  and  another  burgage 
in  Milburngate  in  the  Old  Borough  between  the  burgage  of  the  sacristan 
of  Durham  on  the  !N",,  and  that  of  John  Hagthorp  on  the  S.  5  July. 

DURHAM.  ALLERTONGATE. — 1328.  John  de  Hert  and  Adam  Tanner, 
keepers  of  the  Light  of  the  Chapel  of  Blessed  Margaret  in  Crossegat  in 
Durham,  by  consent  of  good  and  lawful  men  parishioners  of  the  said 
chapel,  viz.  Sir  John  Gikes,  chaplain,  John  de  Barnard  Castle,  clerk, 
Roger  Lord  of  Neuton,  Cuthbert  fitz-John,  John  de  Aldwood,  Hugh  de 
Coken,  Adam  Wythir,  and  also  by  consent  of  all  other  the  whole  com- 
monalty fcommunitatisj  of  the  parishioners  of  the  same,  convey  to  Ro- 
bert de  Plauseworth  and  Agnes  his  wife,  a  burgage  in  Allertongat  in  the 
Old  Borough  of  Durham,  between  the  burgage  of  Roger  de  Hert  and 
that  of  Adam  de  Rylley.  "Which  burgage  was  formerly  William  de 
Craven's.  Rendering  to  the  said  keepers  and  their  successors  4s.  yearly. 
Witnesses,  John  de  Hanlakeby,  bailiff  of  the  Old  Borough,  John  Goce, 
&c.  In  curia  Veteris  Burgi,  Wednesday,  feast  of  St.  Peter  in  cathedra. 


LOCAL    MUNIMENTS.  27 

[This  charter  has  been  submitted  to  us  by  Kobert  Henry  Allan,  Esq., 
F.S.A.,  of  Blackwell  Hall.] 

DURHAM.     SOUTH  STREET. — 1328.     John  de  Hert,  keeper  of  the  lights 

in  Blessed  Margaret's  chapel  in  Durham, to  Robert   Jakes  and 

Isabella  his  wife.  Conveyance  of  the  burgage  which  he  had  by  gift  of 
William  fits- Walter  de  Eysche,  butcher,  of  Durham.  It  lies  in  South- 
strete  in  the  Old  Borough  of  Durham  between  land  of  Robert  de  Hedley 
smith,  and  land  late  Walter  de  Brafferton's.  Rendering  yearly  4s.  for 
the  maintenance  of  the  wax  lights  before  the  imago  of  Blessed  Marga- 
ret in  the  chancel  of  the  said  chapel.  At  Durham,  Wednesday  after 
the  feast  of  St.  Peter  ad  vincula.  Witnesses,  John  de  Hanlakeby, 
bailiff  of  the  Old  Borough,  &c.  [Mr.  Surtees  quotes  a  conveyance  of 
1355  from  Richard  Tanyer,  son  of  Michael  de  Aukland,  and  Maude  his 
wife,  to  William  Lardener  of  a  burgage  in  Suth-strete,  charged  with 
I2d.  rent  to  the  chaplain  of  St.  Mary's  altar.] 

DURHAM.  CROSGATE  AND  MILNEBURNGATE. — s.  d.  Peter,  servant  of 
Robert  de  Bruninghill  and  Ysabella  his  wife,  formerly  that  of  Walter 
de  Hesse,  give  to  God  and  Blessed  Margaret  2s.  rent  to  issue  out  of  a 
burgage  in  Crossegate,  between  the  land  of  Roger  Cissor,1  and  that 
which  was  Roger  Wallis's,  to  the  maintaining  the  waxlights  burning 
before  the  cross  in  the  church  of  St.  Margaret  in  Durham,  for  the 
soul  of  the  late  John  Geri,  and  for  a  sum  of  money  which  his  execu- 
tors gave  to  the  grantors.  Witnesses,  Henry  de  Horneby,  William 
fitz-Hugh,  John  de  Grendon,  Robert  le  Wyn,  William  Welle,  Thomas 
de  Pontefract,  Richard  de  la  Slade,  Robert  called  Plays,  Henry  the  clerk. 

1335.  Thomas  Steyll,  who  was  then  the  owner  of  the  same  burgage 
by  gift  of  Richard  de  Chilton,2  deceased,  and  had  refused  to  pay  the  2s., 
appeared  before  the  Bishop's  official  in  the  Galilee  at  Durham,  and  after 
a  long  altercation,  confessed  the  justice  of  the  claim,  and  submitted  to  a 
decree  to  which  the  official  attached  si 'g ilium  officialitatis  Dunohn'. 
Wednesday  after  the  feast  of  St.  Gregory  the  pope. 

1303.  John  fitz-Alan  Goldsmyth  of  Durham  and  Adam  Russell, 
keepers  of  the  light  of  Margaret's  Chapel  in  Durham,  chosen  by  tho 
parishioners  of  the  said  chapel,  and  for  this  purpose  specially  deputed, 

to  Alan  Barbour  and  his  heirs.     Reciting  that  Barbour  holds  a 

burgage  in  Crossegate  in  the  Old  Borough  of  Durham,  between  the  te- 
nement late  Thomas  de  Qwerington's  and  the  tenement  late  Bertram 
Webester's,  charged  with  5s.  to  the  said  light;  which  burgage  is  now 

1  Bailiff  of  the  Old  Borough  1294. 

2  In  1294,  Richard  fitz-David  Wulpuller  conveyed  to  Richard  de  Chilton  a  place 
abutting  on  the  rivulet  of  Milneburne. 


28  LOCAL  MUNIMENTS. 

waste  and  unbuilt.  Remise  to  Barbour  and  his  heirs,  of  2s.  of  the  said 
rent  for  20  years,  for  the  building  the  said  burgage  anew  within  two 
years.  Power  of  distress  upon  the  goods  in  Barbour' s  tenements  in 
Alvertongate,  late  those  of  John  de  Insula,  heir  of  Margaret  Hamit', 
between  the  tenement  late  of  John  fitz-Thomas  fitz-Hugh  and  that  of 
"William  Packe  Walas.  At  Durham,  Wednesday  after  the  feast  of  St. 
Cuthbert  in  March. 

1338.     Alice  del  Slade  in  her  widowhood to  Thomas  her  son. 

Conveyance  of  a  tenement  in  Crossegate  in  the  Old  Borough  of  Durham, 
between  her  own  tenement  and  a  tenement  of  the  altar  of  Blessed  Mary 
in  the  chapel  of  Blessed  Margaret  in  Durham.  Rendering  yearly  to  the 
keepers  of  the  light  of  that  chapel  2  pounds  of  wax  to  supply  two  wax- 
lights  before  the  altar  of  Blessed  Mary  for  ever.  And  the  said  tenement 
shall  sustain  and  provide  a  lamp  burning  before  Blessed  Mary's  altar 
for  ever,  as  in  a  charter  of  the  said  Alice  is  set  forth.  If  Thomas  dies 
issueless,  the  tenement  is  to  remain  to  the  grantor's  daughter  Cecily  and 
her  issue :  remainder  over.  At  Durham,  in  full  court  of  the  Old  Bo- 
rough, Wednesday  after  the  feast  of  St.  Faith  the  Virgin.  Witnesses, 
John  de  Barnard  Castle,  clerk,  and  William  de  Chilton,  Bailiffs  of  the 
Old  Ehrough.  [Quoted  by  Surtees,  IV.  ii.,  130,  as  in  the  possession  of 
Sir  C.  Sharpe.] 

1341.     William  de  Stayndropp,  fitz-Nicholas3  fitz-Robert,  the  Scribe, 

to   Alice  fitz-Richard  Durisall  of  Durham  in  her  maidenhood. 

Conveyance  of  his  tenement  in  Crossegate  in  the  Old  Borough  of  Dur- 
ham between  the  cemetery  of  the  church  of  St.  Margaret  and  the  tene- 
ment of  John  fitz- Stephen  Cissor  and  of  William  his  brother.  Witness, 
John  de  Castle  Barnard,  clerk,  bailiff  of  the  said  borough.  Tuesday 
after  Martinmas.  In  dorso,  Willelmus  Scriptor. 

[1414.]     John  Hoton  of  Tudowe to  William  Henryson  of  Hun- 

wyk  and  Agnes  his  wife.  Conveyance  of  a  burgage  in  the  Old  Borough 
between  a  burgage  of  Hoton  and  a  common  vennel.  Tuesday  in  the  first 
wec-k  of  Lent,  1  Hen.  V. 

[1499.]     John  Henryson,  son  and  heir  of  William  Henryson,   son 
and   heir  of  John  Henryson  sometime  of  Durham,  barker,  deceased, 

to  John  Potter  of  Durham.     Release  of  a  burgage   in  Crocegate 

between  two  burgages  belonging  to  the  Guild  of  St.  Cuthbert  on  the 
west  and  east.  The  burgige  to  the  west  was  formerly  a  vennell  leading 
to  the  Westorchare  and  is  now  newly  built  as  one  tenement  by  the 
Brethren  of  the  Guild.  Another  vennell  leading  to  the  Westorchare  is 
newly  formed  and  is  situate  to  the  west  of  the  same  burgage  belonging 
to  the  Guild.  20  May,  14  Hen.  VII. 

3  Qu.  Nicholas  Staindrop,  clerk,  who  occ.  1316. 


LOCAL  MUNIMENTS.  29 

1395.  Juliana  daughter  and  heiress  of  Richard  de  Bolom to 

Joan  her  daughter  and  her  issue.  Conveyance  of  a  burgage  in  the  Old 
Borough,  between  a  burgage  of  the  Prior  and  convent  of  Durham,  and 
that  of  John  de  Hall's  heirs,  which  she  had  by  inheritance  of  her  fa- 
ther ;  rem.  to  Adam  Whelp.  Eve  of  Ascension  day. 

1447.  John  Fysher  of  Ncwcastle-upon-Tyne,  glover,  to  "Wil- 
liam Rouceby  of  Durham,  barker.  Conveyance  of  the  same  premises. 
The  morrow  of  the  Assumption. 

1439.  John  Fysher  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  to  William  de 

Tobell  of  Durham.  Conveyance  of  a  tenement  in  Crosegat  between  the 
burgage  of  John  Pollard,  litster  and  that  of  the  sacristan  of  Durham 
Cathedral  church,  yielding  to  the  grantor  4s.  Qd.  yearly.  22  Oct. 

[See  a  demise  from  Halywell  to  Pollard  of  a  burgage  formerly 
Hoton's,  1426,  No.  4,  p.  62,  vol.  i.] 

1428.  John  Pollard  of  Durham,  littester to  John  Halywell  of 

the  same  place,  barkar.  Release  of  the  premises  demised  to  Halywell 
by  William  Hoton  of  Herdwyk  and  Joan  his  wife  with  the  confirmation 
of  William  son  and  heir  of  John  de  Hoton  of  Tuddowe,  and  by  Haly- 
well to  Pollard  by  No.  4,  p.  62,  vol.  i.  ante,  where  by  an  oversight  they 
are  described  as  one  burgage  instead  of  two  bargages.  Tuesday  alter 
Michaelmas. 

[1465  ]  William  Qwhelpdale  senior  of  Durham  to  William 

Warcop.  Release  of  a  burgage  in  the  Old  Borough  of  Durham  between 
the  burgage  of  John  Cateryk  on  the  N.,  and  that  of  the  said  William 
Qwhelpdale  on  the  S.  in  Milneburngate ;  which  burgage  lies  beside  the 
rivulet  of  Milneburne.4  8  June,  5  Edw.  IV. 

[1498  ]  Richard  Smyrke  of  Crosgate to  Thomas  Fairhar,  Al- 
derman of  the  Guild  of  Blessed  Mary  in  the  chapel  of  St.  Margaret  in 
Durham,  and  William  Betson,  John  Prior,  Ralph  German  and  Lawrence 
Toller,  proctors  of  the  said  guild.  Conveyance  of:  a  burgage  in  .Cros- 
gate on  the  east  side,  between  that  of  Richard  Lewyn  on  the  N.  and 
that  of  William  Hagthorp's  heirs  on  the  S.,  the  rivulet  called  Miln- 
burn  running  under  the  said  burgage ;  and  another  burgage  in  Crosgate 
between  John  Cateryk' s  burgage  on  the  N.  and  a  burgage  of  the  said 
Chapel  on  the  S. ;  which  burgages  were  lately  in  the  tenure  of  William 
Warcop.  1  June,  13  Hen.  VII.  On  the  10th  of  the  same  month  the 
alderman  and  proctors  demise  the  same  property  to  Smyrke  for  24  years 
if  he  shall  so  long  live,  at  I  d.  rent. 

1481.     John  Smyth,  chaplain to  Thomas  Smyth  and  Margery 

«  The  boundary  between  the  Old  Borough  and  the  Priory  lands.     Sur.  IV.  ii.,  135, 


30  LOCAL  MUNIMENTS. 

his  wife.  Release  of  a  burgage  in  Crocegate  between  a  burgage  of  the 
Guild  of  St.  Cuthbert  on  the  W.,  and  a  burgage  of  the  heirs  of  John 
Tornor  on  the  E.  4  March. 

[1485.]     Thomas    Smyth  of  Durham,  shomaker,   and  Margery  his 

wife, to  Thomas  Farrhare,  alderman  of  the  Guild  of  Blessed  Mary 

in  the  chapel  of  St.  Margaret,  and  his  successors.  Release  of  the  same 
premises.  15  Nov.  3  Ric.  III.  [1485  (?).  If  this  date  is  correctly 
copied,  it  is  remarkable.  The  third  year  of  Richard  III.  began  26 
June,  1485,  and  terminated  with  his  death  on  22  Aug.,  1485.] 

[1505-6.]  Robert  Wright,  son  and  heir  of  "William  "Wright  and 
Agnes  his  wife,  daughter  and  heir  of  William  Rippon  lately  deceased, 
binds  himself  for  the  quiet  enjoyment  for  49  years  from  Pentecost  last, 
by  John  Wodnesse  of  Durham,  cissor,  of  a  burgage  in  Crossgait,  which 
Rippon  had  by  demise  of  William  Nesse  and  Robert  Johnson,  sometime 
churchmasters  of  the  chapel  of  St.  Margaret,  for  99  years  from  Pente- 
cost, 1506.  Dated  19  Jan.,  21  Hen.  VII.  [Qu.  if  not  some  discre- 
pancy in  the  dates.] 

DURHAM.     FRAMWELLGATE. — 1337.     John  Salter  of  Durham to 

Adam  Russell,  burgess  of  Durham.  Conveyance  of  his  tenement  in 
Framwelgate  in  the  Borough  of  Durham  between  a  tenement  of  Russell 
and  a  tenement  of  Adam  Wyther.  Witnesses,  John  de  Durham,  Bailiff  of 
the  said  Borough,  &c.  In  the  court  of  the  same  Borough.  Tuesday 
before  the  feast  of  the  conversion  of  St.  Paul. 

1343.  Adam  Russell to  Richard  de  Otteley,  chappeman.  Con- 
veyance of  a  tenement  in  Framwellegate  in  the  Borough  of  Durham, 
between  one  of  Russell  and  the  high  street  leading  to  the  water  of  Were. 
Yielding  9d.  yearly.  Tuesday  after  Easter. 

1415.     Agnes  sometime  the  wife  of  William  Payntour  of  Durham 

to  John  Barkire  of  Framwelgate.     Conveyance  of  a  burgage  in 

Framwelgate,  as  it  lies  in  length  and  breadth  between  a  burgage  of  the 
Lord  Prior  of  Durham  on  the  S.,  and  that  of  the  heirs  of  John  de 
Wyndgates  on  the  N".  Yielding  a  red  rose  on  the  feast  of  the  nativity 
of  St.  John  the  Baptist.  If  Barkire  quietly  enjoys  the  burgage  for  100 
years,  at  their  expiration  the  heirs  and  assigns  of  the  grantor  may  re- 
enter.  Jan.  31. 

1425.     John  Pollard,  littester, to  John  Halewelle.     Release  of 

a  burgage  in  Durham  between  that  of  the  Prior  of  Durham  on  the 
south,  and  that  of  John  de  Wyndacres  on  the  north.  16  April. 

1418.  Thomas  Glover  of  Durham  and  Alice  his  wife  —  to  John  de 
Bynchestre,  chaplain,  and  Thomas  de  Ryhall  of  Durham.  Conveyance 
of  two  burgages  in  Framwellgate.  One  of  them  lies  in  breadth  be- 


LOCAL  MUNIMENTS.  31 

tween  the  burgage  of  Win.  Shorowton  on  the  S.,  and  a  burgage  of  Tho- 
mas Cokyn  on  the  JN". ;  and  in  length  from  the  king's  highway  before  to 
the  water  of  Were  behind.  The  other  lies  waste,  in  breadth  between 
the  gardens  of  the  burgages  of  Eramwelgate  on  the  E.,  and  a  burgage 
sometime  of  Sir  William  Pome,  chaplain,  on  the  W.;  and  in  length 
from  the  king's  highway  called  the  Stanerpeth  in  front  to  the  meadow 
of  the  said  Thomas  Cokyn  behind.  1  May,  6  Hen.  Y. 

1428.  John  de  Bynchestre  of  Durham,  chaplain,  to  William  Gose- 
wyke,  barkar,  and  Alice  his  wife,  of  Durham.  The  same  premises. 
Eecites  the  last  deed.  1  June. 

[1503.]  Thomas  Clyff,  junior,  son  and  heir  of  Thomas  Clyff,  senior, 
late  of  Durham,  fletcher,  and  Alice  his  wife,  daughter  and  heiress  of 
Eobert  Pluramer  and  of  Alice  his  wife  sister  and  heiress  of  Thomas  Goa- 
wyk,  chaplain,  son  and  heir  of  William  Goswyk  late  of  Durham  de- 
ceased,   to  Eobert  Lewyn,  Esq.,  John  Prior,  John  Wodmowse  and 

Thomas  Spark  of  Durham.  Conveyance  of  two  burgages  alike  lying  in 
the  street  of  Eramwelgate  on  its  east  side,  between  the  burgage  late 
Eobert  Cokyn's  on  the  N.,  and  a  burgage  of  the  said  Eobert  Lewyn  on 
the  S.  18  Aug.,  18  Hen.  IV. 

[1477.]  John  Herbotell  of  Tynmoth to  Eoger  Stevynson.  Ee- 

lease  of  a  burgage  in  Durham,  in  the  street  of  Framamgayt  in  the  pa- 
rish of  St.  Margaret,  which  Herbotell  lately  had  by  feoffment  of  Thomas 
Symson.  3  Mar.,  16  Edw.  IV. 

[1482.]  John  Stavert  otherwise  called  John  Stafford,6  of  Durham, 
shomaker,  and  Benedicta  his  wife,  daughter  and  heir  of  Thomas  Coken 
deceased, to  William  Eouceby  of  Durham,  senior,  barkar.  Con- 
veyance of  a  burgage  in  Eramwelgate,  on  the  west  side  of  the  street, 
between  the  burgages  of  Eobert  Coken  on  either  side :  and  three  bur- 
gages  there,  between  the  messuage  of  Ealph  Bowes,  knt.,  on  the  IS"., 
and  the  Castell-chare  on  the  S  :  And  an  acre  of  land  there,  between  the 
land  of  John  Eaket  on  the  N.,  and  the  Castell-way  on  the  S.  23  Eeb., 
21  Edw.  IY.  [See  No.  5,  p.  62,  vol.  i.,  from  which  it  appears  that 
Benedicta  took  the  burgage  in  Framwellgate  by  inheritance,  and  that  it 
was  subject  to  18^.  rent  to  the  fabric  of  St.  Margaret's  chapel.  In  16 
Eliz.  the  Queen  granted  to  Alexander  Eigbie  and  Percival  Gunston, 
trustees  for  Eobert  Bowes,  a  burgage  in  Eramwellgate,  called  Paynter'a 
Place,  lying  on  the  N.  of  the  Castle  Chaire,  and  on  the  South  of  a  bur- 
gage  sometime  belonging  to  the  Guild  of  St.  Margaret.  In  1316,  Alice 
and  Christian  de  Horneby,  coheirs  of  Margery  Gaunte,  release  to  Nicho- 
las Staindrop,  clerk,  Sd.  rent,  issuing  out  of  the  burgage  called  the 

•  Bichard  de  Stafforth  was  Bailiff  of  the  Old  Borough  in  1S55. 


32  LOCAL  MUNIMENTS. 

Gyldhous  in  Framwellgate,  and  out  of  the  meadow  adjoining  it  which 
belonged  to  Roger  de  Pontchardon,  grandsire  of  Margery  Gaunte.6] 

[1511.]     Kathorine   Smethirst   daughter   of   William  Smethirst   of 

Durham to  Roland  Tempest,  esq.,  Thomas  Tempest,  esq.,  Nicholas 

Tempest,  gent.,  John  Gamyll,  chaplain,  William  Hogeson,  John  Marley, 
Edward  Strynger,  Christopher  Emerson,  and  John  Wernod.  Convey- 
ance of  a  burgage  in  Framwelgate  lying  in  length  and  breadth  between 
a  tenement  late  Thomas  Werwyk's  on  the  IS".,  and  a  tenement  of  the 
Prior  and  Convent  of  Durham  on  the  S.  Habendum  to  the  use  con- 
tained in  indentures  between  the  said  Gamyll  of  the  one  part  and  tho 
said  Roland,  &c.  of  the  other  part.  Anthony  Smethirst  attorney  to  de- 
liver seisin.  20  Aug.,  3  Henry  VIII. 

NEWCASTLE-urox-TrNE. — 13 . .  2.7     Adam  Tang,  burgess  of  Newcastle- 

upon-Tyne,  to  Alice  Tang  his  wife.       Conveyance  of  his  tenement 

in  that  town  called  the  Poldhall,  which  he  had  by  gift  of  Robert  de 
Angirton,  as  it  is  situate  in  the  Melemarketgate,  between  the  tenement 
which  Beatrix  de  Bedlyngton  holds  in  fee  of  the  Master  and  Brethren  of 
the  Hospital  of  St.  Mary  in  the  Westgate  on-  the  S.,  and  the  tenement 
which  William  de  Kellowe  held  in  fee  of  Sir  Peter  Swayne,  chaplain, 
on  the  N.,  and  extends  in  length  from  the  Melemarketgate  to  the  front 
the  Westgate.  Rendering  to  the  heirs  and  assigns  of  Robert  de  Angir- 
ton 50s.  p.  a.  Witnesses,  William  de  Bissopdale,  mayor  of  the  town, 
Lawrence  de  Acton,  Richard  Scot,  Thomas  de  Mordon,  Robert  de  Y. . .  . 
bailiffs  of  the  same,  William  de  Ogle  chaplain  and  clerk  &c.  At  New- 
castle, Thursday  in  the  week  of  Pentecost. 

1406.     William  de  Hoton  of  Brandon  to  Master  John  Fayt, 

clerk.  Reciting  that  Fayt  may  hold  a  tenement  called  the  Poldhall  in 
the  town  of  Newcastle  in  the  Melemarket;  between  a  tenement  which 
Beatryx  de  Bedlyngton  holds  in  fee  of  the  Master  of  Westspethill 
on  the  south,  and  a  tenement  which  John  Aukeland  held  in  fee  of  John 
Bulkham  on  the  North ;  and  in  length  from  the  Melemarket  to  the  street 
of  Westgate  ;  and  in  which  said  tenement  John  de  Chester  when  alive 
dwelt,  holding  it  for  life,  and  the  reversion  of  which,  on  his  death, 
ought  to  come  to  the  said  John  Fayt  by  the  form  of  the  grant  to  the 
said  John  de  Chester  for  life  by  the  said  Hoton.  Now  Hoton  quit- 
claims to  Fait  the  premises.  Witnesses,  William  Johanson  mayor  of  the 
said  town,  William  Redmershill  sheriff,8  Roger  de  Thornton,  William  de 

6  Sin-tees. 

7  The  date  is  blotted.     William  de  Biscopdale  -was  mayor  in  both  1382  and  1392. 
The  bailiffs  do  not  correspond  with  the  received  lists. 

8  More  variations  from  the  lists. 


LOCAL  MUNIMENTS.  33 

Esyngton,  "William  de  Langton  and  others.  At  Newcastle,  8  Nov.,  14 
Hen.  IV. 

CARLISLE. — [13  . .]     Alice,  widow  of  Robert  Glover  (cyrothecarii)  of 

Carlisle, to  John  le  Fitteler  and  Mariot  his  wife  and  to  their  heirs, 

and  the  assigns  of  John.  Conveyance  of  a  place  of  land  within  Car- 
lisle from  her  tenement  in  Fishergate  (in  vico  piscatorum)  containing  in 
length  60  feet,  between  her  land,  and  that  of  Hugh  de  Tibay ;  along 
with  a  chamber  upon  the  same  place  built  and  containing  in  breadth  at 
one  end  [caput\  towards  Fishergate  20  feet  with  free  entrance  and  exit 
from  and  to  the  said  street  for  the  space  of  3  feet  to  the  same  place  and 
chamber,  and  at  the  other  end,  towards  the  wall  within  the  curtilage, 
containing  in  breadth  26  feet.  Rent  reserved,  3*.  during  the  grantor's 
life.  Witnesses  Sir  Andrew  de  Harcla,  governor  of  Carlisle,  Reginald 
Bonkes  and  Andrew  le  Seraunt  bailiffs  of  Carlisle  &c.  [temp.  Edw.  II.] 

[13 . .  ]     Adam  de  Sandeforth,  chaplain  of  the  parish  of  Blessed  Mary 

of  Carlisle to  "William  called  Parsonman  of  Hoton  and  Margaret 

daughter  of  John  Glover  his  wife.  Conveyance  of  all  messuages  &c.  in 
the  city  of  Carlisle  and  in  the  town  of  Corbrygh.  Witnesses,  Sir 
Richard  de  Denton,  sheriff  of  Cumberland,  Robert  de  Tibay,  mayor  of 
Carlisle  &c.  [Denton  was  sheriff  in  10,  24  and  25  Edw.  III.  1337, 
1350,  1351.] 

CORBRIDGE.     FAIT  FAMILY. — s.  d.  John  Musgrave,  son  and  heir  of 

Robert  Musgrave  his  late  father  and  of  Agnes  his  mother,  to  Sir 

Adam  de  Corbryk,  chaplain,  and  John  Fayt,  burgess  of  Newcastle.  Re- 
lease of  a  rent  of  8s.  6d.  due  to  him  in  the  town  of  Corbrige  out  of  a 
tenement  in  Smethingate,  between  Fayt's  tenement  on  the  east  and  a  te- 
nement formerly  John  Forster's  on  the  west. 

1352.     Thomas  Fayt  of  Corbrig to  Thomas  Cissor  and  Agnes 

his  wife  daughter  of  the  said  Thomas  Fayt.  Conveyance  of  a  tenement 
in  Corbrig  in  the  Smithygat  between  a  tenement  of  Sir  Hugh  de  Rogh- 
syd  chaplain  and  a  tenement  of  Sir  Gilbert  de  Mynsteracres,  perpetual 
vicar  of  By  well.  (R.) 

[1372.]  John  Fait9  and  Agnes  his  wife,  and  William  Fait  and  Ma- 
tilda his  wife,  to  Adam  de  Corbrigg  and  Peter  Blonk,  chaplains.10  Fine 
of  28  messuages  and  30  acres  in  Corbrigge.  Hilary  Term,  46  Edw.  III. 

1381.     Thomas  de  Musgrave,  burgess  of  the  town  of  Newcastle-upon- 

Tyne, to  John  Fayte  of  Corbrigge,   Sir  Peter  de  Blonk  and  Sir 

Adam  de  Corbrigg,  chaplains.  Conveyance  of  three  messuages  and  two 
acres  in  the  town  and  territory  of  Corbrigg.  One  messuage  lies  in  Mar- 
ket-place (in  vico  fori]  between  a  messuage  of  William  de  Blenkhowe 

9  See  No.  11,  .p.  64,  vol.  i. 
TOL.   II.  F 


34  LOCAL  MUNIMENTS. 

on  the  N.,  and  a  messuage  of  William  de  Duxfeld  on  the  S.  Another 
lies  in  the  same  street  on  the  East  side  between  a  common  spout  (spow- 
tam)  on  the  "W.  and  a  messuage  formerly  Alan  de  Felton's  on  the  E. 
The  third  messuage  is  at  Corwell  between  a  messuage  of  John  de  Eb- 
chester,  chaplain,  on  the  N.,  and  a  common  vennel  leading  to  the  Tyne 
on  the  S.  Of  the  two  acres,  one  is  called  Lymekilnes  :  the  other  lies  at 
Briggepolles  between  Thomas  Baxter's  land  on  the  N.,  and  land  for- 
merly William  Fayte's  on  the  S.  At  Corbrigg,  Thursday,  18  April. 

1395.     William  Martyne  and  Katherine  his  wife to  John  Fayte 

and  Anot  (Anotce}  his  wife.  "Release  of  all  actions  &c.  by  reason  of  the 
paternal  gooc's  by  the  decease  of  Katherine' s  father  or  by  bequest  in 
his  testament  to  the  same  Katherine  and  also  the  profits  of  the  lands  be- 
longing to  the  said  Katherine  after  the  death  of  her  brother  Thomas, 
and  all  other  actions  &c.  At  Hextildesham,  4  May. 

1406.     Adam  Prest  of  Corbrigg to  Sir  John  Fayt,  vicar  of  Sy- 

mondburn,  son  of  the  late  Sir  William  Fayt  and  Matilda.  Conveyance 
of  all  lands  &c.  in  the  town  and  fields  of  Corbrig  which  he  had  by  gift 
of  William  Fayt  and  Matilda  his  wife.  (R.) 

[1464.]     William  Rousby,  senior,  of  Durham to  Robert  Patson, 

Robert  Cokyn,  and  Richard  Prior  [a  surname]  of  Durham.  Release  of 
all  the  tenements  burgages  rents  and  services  which  he  lately  had  by 
feoffment  of  Nicholas  Ingilwoud  son  and  heir  of  Joan  Ingilwoud  widow 
deceased,  the  daughter  and  heir  of  Richard  Cressyngham  and  Alice  his 
wife  the  cousin  and  next  heir  of  Master  John  Fayt  late  vicar  of  Acley, 
of  and  in  all  lands  &c.  in  the  town  and  fields  of  Corbrig,  the  town  of 
Newcastle,  the  town  of  Nort  Aukland  ml  al^bi.  At  Durham,  4  May, 
21  |Edw.  IY.  [See  an  earlier  evidence  concerning  the  Cressyngham 
property  at  Auckland,  No.  8,  p.  64,  vol.  i.] 

1491.  John  Lonesdale  of  Durham,  barbure,  and  attorney  of  Nicho- 
las Ingilwod,  appoints  Richard  Lewynn  Robert  Sylby  and  John  Blunt 
his  attorneys  to  receive  seisin  in  his  (Lonesdale's  name)  of  28  messuages 
and  30  acres  in  Corbrige  which  Lonsdale  recovered  in  the  name  of  Ingil- 
•wode  in  the  court  held  at  Corbrige  31  May,  22  Edw.  IV.  [1482.]  At 
Durham,  10  Oct. 

CORBKEDGE.     MISCELLANEOUS  TITLES. — s.  d.  Walter  son  of  Hugh  the 

Butcher  of  Corbrigges  to  Hugh  called  Whinnvylle  of  Corbrigge. 

Conveyance  of  a  toft  there,  on  the  south  side  of  the  cemetery  of  Blessed 
Andrew  of  Corbrigge,  between  a  toft  of  Andrew  Kinbel  on  the  E., 
and  the  shop  (celda)  formerly  of  John  del  Corner  on  the  W.  Rent 
3*.  3d.  Witnesses,  William  de  Tyndal,  Alan  fitz  -Richard,  Hugh  fitz- 


LOCAL  MUNIMENTS.  35 

Asceline,11  Adam  de  Routhsyde,  Ralph  de  Wywell,  Alan  de  Erington, 
Thomas  called  Prest  the  clerk,  and  others,  (temp.  Edw.  I.) 

s.  d.  Thomas  son  of  Hugh  the  Butcher to  Michael  Smith  \_Falro~] 

of  Corbrigge  and  Alice  his  wife.  Conveyance  of  a  toft  in  Corbrigge 
between  the  messuage  of  Richard  called  Prest  on  the  south  and  the 
messuage  of  Blessed  Mary  which  Sir  Thomas  the  chaplain  of  Midegat 
holds  on  the  north.  Yielding  to  the  Abbot  and  Convent  of  Blanchland 
1 8d.  per  annum.  Witnesses,  Robert  de  Barton  and  the  witnesses  to  the 
last  charter. 

1288.     Hugh  son  of  Hugh  late  Butcher to  Thomas  called  Gray. 

Conveyance  of  a  place  of  a  curtilage  behind  the  tenement  formerly  of 
Andrew  called  Kenebell,  and  extended  in  breadth  from  a  tenement  of 
the  said  Andrew  to  a  tenement  formerly  William  de  Dythton's,  and  in 
length  from  a  tenement  formerly  of  the  said  Hugh  the  Butcher  to  the 
tenement  formerly  John  de  Lund's  in  the  street  of  the  Fishers'  market 
(in  vico  fori  piscatorum).  Witnesses,  Alan  de  Erinton,  Thomas  called 
Prest  &c.  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  St.  Hilary's  day,  16  Edw.  I. 

1316.     Isabella  daughter  of  the  late  Nicholas  Stone  of  Corbrige 

to  Reynauld  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.  Release  of  a  messuage  in  Cor- 
brige in  the  Market-place.  (R.) 

1322.     Reynauld  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  clerk  to  Thomas 

Gray.  Conveyance  of  a  messuage  in  the  town  of  Corbrige  in  the  Mar- 
ket-place. Witnesses,  Thomas  Preest,12  &c.  1  May.  (R.) 

\_Cir.  1296.]     Margaret  late  \quafuit~]  wife  of  Gilbert  Ferure  of  Cor- 

bryg to  Agatha  late  wife  of  William  de  Herford.      Conveyance  of 

her  part  of  the  shops  fceldarumj  on  the  east  side  of  the  cemetery  of 
Blessed  Andrew  of  Corbryg  which  belong  to  her  in  the  name  of  dower 
by  the  death  of  William  de  Karleton  formerly  \_quondam]  her  husband. 
Yielding  6*.  rent  for  her  life.  Witnesses,  William  de  Tyndal,  Robert 
de  Barton,  John  de  Horseley,  Richard  Prest,  Alan  de  Erinton.  (R.) 

\_Cir.   1316  ]      Hugh  de  Blunvile to  William  de  Lundon  and 

Agnes  his  wife.  Conveyance  of  his  shop  fceldaj  beside  the  church  of 
St.  Andrew  of  Corbrigg.  Yielding  3s.  rent.  (R.) 

1316.     Symon  Kymbelle  of  Corbrig  to  William  de  London, 

merchant.  Release  of  2s.  rent  which  he  used  to  receive  out  of  the  above 
shop.  Dated  at  Newcastle.  (R.) 

11  Asteline  in  the  copy;  and  there  are  errors  as  to  this  name  on^?.  65,  vol.  i.     It  is 
hard  to  judge  between  the  medieval  c  and  t,  but  from  a  spelling  Asseline  hereafter,  I 
decide  for  c  in  this  instance. 

12  Prest  was  therefore  pronounced  as  is  our  modern  priest.      Richard  Reynauld 
occursjn  No,  1.3,  p.  65,  vol.  i. 


36  LOCAL  MUNIMENTS. 

*.  d.  Gilbert  de  Ebchester  and  Matilda  his  wife to  Thomas  Gray. 

Belease  of  3s.  rent  issuing  out  of  the  shop  which  Gray  bought  of  Wil- 
liam de  Oundon.13  "Witnesses,  Adam  fitz- Alan,  Alan  de  Erington,  Tho- 
mas son  of  Richard  prest,  John  de  Lund,  Adam  Palmer,  Hugh  fitz- 
Simon. 

[1322.]  Eichard  Eeynauld,  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  to  Thomas 
Gray.  Conveyance  of  a  messuage  in  the  town  of  Corbridge,  in  the  Mar- 
ket Place,  as  it  lies  in  breadth  between  a  messuage  which  was  Hugh 
fitz-Symon's  and  a  messuage  formerly  Hugh  fitz-Asceline's,  and  extends 
in  length  from  the  high  way  to  a  stone  wall  formerly  the  said  Hugh  fitz- 
Asceline's.  "Witnesses  Thomas  Preest  &c.  At  Corbridge  1  May  15 
Edw.  fitz-Edw.  [See  the  conveyance  to  Reynauld  from  Thomas  Squire 
and  Emma  his  wife,  No.  13,  p.  65,  vol.  i.] 

[1322.]  Kentegern  Scheley to  Thomas  called  Gray.  Convey- 
ance of  the  seven  burgages  in  Corbrigg  of  which  Stephen  de  Stanton 
and  Agatha  his  wife  enfeoffed  the  said  Thomas  Gray.  "Witnesses,  Alan 
de  Errinton,  Thomas  called  Prest  &c.  At  Newcastle,  the  feast  of  St. 
Peter  in  cathedra,  15  Edw.  fitz-Edw. 

[1328.]  Henry  de  Delmtham to  Thomas  called  Gray  of  Cor- 
brygg. Lease  for  five  years  from  Michaelmas  1328  of  all  the  lands  and 
tenements  in  Corbrygg  which  he  previously  held  of  the  said  Henry. 
(No  rent  reserved.)  Gray  shall  do  the  services  to  the  chief  lords  of  the 
fee,  and  keep  up  the  house  where  Richard  de  Gatesheued  dwells.  Delm- 
tham shall  pay  to  Gray  a  mark  of  silver  at  the  end  of  the  term,  and  on 
payment  and  not  till  then,  may  reenter.  After  the  term,  until  pay- 
ment, Gray  shall  continue  in  possession  as  tenant  from  year  to  year. 

[1330.]     Hugh  Somervile  and  Helota  his  wife to  Thomas  called 

Gray  of  Corbrygg.  Conveyance  of  all  their  land  in  Corbrygg  on  the 
north  side  of  the  way  which  leads  from  Stagschawe  to  [apud~]  Ayne- 
wyke  between  the  land  of  Gray  on  either  side.  At  Corbrygg,  Sunday 
before  the  feast  of  St.  Cuthbert  in  September,  4  Edw.  III. 

1329.     John  fitz- Alice  de  Corbrige to  Matilda  daughter  of  John 

his  son.  Conveyance  of  a  toft  in  Corbrig  in  Prencstrete  between  a  toft 
formerly  Hugh  fitz-Asceline's  and  a  messuage  of  Alan  Chyri.  At  Cor- 
brige, Thursday  after  the  feast  of  St.  Barnabas.  Endorsed  "  the  tenement 
which  Alan  Cherry  formerly  held  of  John  Jonson." 

1334.     John  fitz-Thomas  de  Wotton to  John  fitz- John  de  Core- 

briggs.  Release  of  a  messuage  in  Corebrigg  in  the  street  of  the  Eisner's 
Market,  which  the  same  John  [fitz-John]  had  by  feoffment  of  Agnes 
late  wife  of  Hugh  fitz-Asseline  of  Corebrigg.  Dated  in  the  Abbey  of 

13  Lundon  ? 


LOCAL  MUNIMENTS.  37 

Blancheland,  Tuesday  after  the  feast  of  the  Holy  Trinity.  (R.)  [See 
a  release  of  the  property  by  William  de  Herle,  No.  14,  p.  65,  vol.  i.] 

1322.     Christina  called  Feynane  of  Corbrigg to  Thomas  called 

Prest  of  Corbrigg.  Release  of  a  parcel  (placea)  of  land  in  Corbrigg, 
which  the  said  Thomas  lately  held  in  fee  of  Thomas  the  husband  of  the 
said  Christiana,  and  of  2s.  rent  issuing  thereof.  "Witnesses  Sir  William 
de  Grlaston  vicar  of  Corbrigg,  &c.  Dated  at  Newcastle.  ^R.) 

1324.     John  de  Porta  of  Corbrige  to  Laurence  de  Durham, 

burgess  of  the  town  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.  Conveyance  of  a  parcel 
of  land  in  the  town  of  Corbrigg  in  a  street  called  the  Hydmarket. 
Witnesses,  Sir  Gilbert  de  Boroughdon,  sheriff  of  Northumberland,  &c. 
19  June.  (R.) 

1356.     Emma,  daughter  of  the  late  William  Sawer  of  Corbrigg 

to  John  de  Cotesford  perpetual  vicar  of  Corbrig.  Conveyance  of  half  an 
acre  in  the  field  of  Corbrigg,  viz.  in  Colchestr,  (E.) 

[Here  is  an  early  notice  of  the  Roman  station,  and  once  for  all,  I 
would  earnestly  beg  of  our  etymologists  and  Eoman  antiquaries  to  study 
our  collections  of  old  charters  very  carefully.  The  former  might  save 
themselves  many  vain  speculations  on  corrupt  forms  of  names,  and  the 
latter  may  discover  many  a  Chester  and  trace  lines  of  road  with  much 
greater  ease  when  they  have  lists  of  the  suggestive  appellations  which 
appear  in  those  thin  parchments,  which  have  survived  road  and  camp, 
and  wall,  and  altar.  In  the  old  Life  of  St.  Oswin,  published  by  the 
Surtees  Society,  Colebrige  is  put  for  Corebrige.  So  also  in  some  records 
(Hodgson's  Northumberland,,  iii.,  i.,  43,  50,  142).  Eeferring  to  two 
charters  relating  to  William  fitz-Aluric,  cir.  1130,  we  find  that  in  one 
he  is  termed  de  Colulrugia,  in  the  other  de  Corlrugia  (II.  ii.,  iii.,  17). 
On  the  common  seal  and  in  charters  about  1234  we  have  Corelrigia. 
All  the  charters  here  abstracted  read  Cor  for  the  first  syllable.  Some 
writers  give  the  name  of  Cor  to  the  brook  on  which  the  decayed  town 
stands.  Leland  thought  that  it  was  called  Corve,  though  the  name 
was  not  well  known.  He  mentions  Colecester  and  its  fabulous  tenant, 
a  giant  called  Yoton.  Divers  streets  of  the  town  had  "  quite  gone  down," 
though  they  retained  their  names.  Gordon  calls  the  camp  Corchester ; 
Horsley  Corbow  and  Colchester ;  and  the  latter  states  that  he  was  told 
on  the  spot  that  Corbow  was  a  small  space  included  in  Colchester. 
The  station  is  the  Corstopitum  of  Antoninus.  As  to  the  name  of  Cor 
for  the  brook,  Corbrook  and  Corbridge  Burn  are  the  more  modest  mo- 
dern terms,  and  Cor  is  connected  in  legend  with  a  giant  Cor,  perhaps 
Leland' s  Yoton.  Indeed,  Cor  is  not  a  likely  name  for  a  stream,  and  if  the 
name  was  not  well  known  in  Leland's  time,  it  will  hardly  have  be- 


38  LOCAL   MUNIMENTS. 

come  more  patent  now.  Cor  certainly  seems  to  be  the  first  syllable  of 
Corstopitum  retained  in  composition,  as  the  Vin  of  Yinovium  is  in  Bin- 
chester.] 

[1517.]  Cuthbert  Billynghamof  Crukhall  besyd  Durham,  Esquyer, 
John  Bentley  of  Trillesden,  Thomas  Marmaduk,  prest,  Hugh  Waker- 
feld,  prest,  Robert  Harby  of  Durham,  John  Colson,  Hugh  Rowll,  Robert 
Crak,  Richerd  Merley,  and  Robert  Wilsett,  reciting  a  conveyance  by  de- 
mise in  perpetuity  of  lands  and  tenements  in  the  town  and  fields  of  Cor- 
brige  to  Roger  Heron  of  Halyden,  co.  Northumberland,  gent,  dated 
8  July  9  Hen.  VIII. ,  covenant  to  produce  all  their  evidences  concerning 
the  same  when  required.  Dated  1 1  July,  9  Hen.  VIII. 

W.  HYLTON  DYER  LONGSTAFFE,  F.S.A. 

Gateshead. 


39 


CARDINAL  WOLSEY'S    INSTRUCTIONS    TO    HIS   OFFICERS 

AT  DURHAM. 

(Chapter  House  Records,  Rolls  House,  First  Series,  No.  270^ 

Instructyons  devysed  by  my  Lord  Legate  his  grace  for  Doctour  Strang- 
wysshe  Surveyour  of  Duresme  and  Rycharde  Bellysis  Esquier  and  to 
be  executed  by  them  within  his  Busshopricke  of  Duresme. 

First  that  they  be  diligent  to  oversee  and  survey  all  the  mynes  of 
lede  or  any  other  metall  and  also  cole  mynes  or  any  other  myneralles 
within  the  saide  Busshoprick  the  same  to  be  converted  imployed  and 
improuved  to  my  lord  his  most  proffyte  and  advantage.1 

Item  where  of  late  my  lorde  his  grace  hathe  caused  a  certen  new 
house  and  furnes  to  be  made  for  the  melting  and  tryeing  of  lede  with 
see  coles  that  they  do  se  the  saide  house  and  furnes  perfyted  and  also 
preserved  in  the  best  wyse. 

And  that  they  shall  devyse  with  the  fyners  which  have  taken  uppon 
them  to  melte  the  saide  lede  with  see  coles  that  they  with  diligence 
may  precede  unto  the  melting  of  the  same  Forseing  alwayes  that  no 
waste  of  money  or  losse  of  tyme  be  had  aboutes  the  same  but  that  dili- 
gence be  gyven  thereunto  so  that  in  as  brief  tyme  as  possible  may  be  my 
lorde  his  grace  may  be  acerteyned  what  proffyte  ys  lyke  to  insew  of 
the  melting  of  the  saide  lede  and  what  the  yerely  value  by  estymacyon 
will  amounte  unto. 

Item  that  they  shall  devyse  with  certen  persons  of  Berwyk  for  a  re- 
lesse  to  be  made  unto  them  for  my  lordes  fisshinges  there  and  also  to 
cause  suche  fynes  to  be  levyed  for  the  same  as  shalbe  to  my  saide  lorde 
his  most  proffyte  and  advantage  with  also  certen  barelles  of  salmon  to 
be  payed  unto  my  lordes  grace  yerely  according  to  suche  instruxions 
as  is  gyven  to  them  by  monthe  that  ys  to  meane  xx  barelles  of  salmon 
yerely  during  my  lordes  lyf. 

Item  that  if  there  be  any  other  fermes  fisshynges  or  any  other  im- 
prouvements  which  may  laufully  be  taken  within  the  saide  Busshopryk 
that  then  they  joyning  togither  shall  by  their  good  discression  comon 
with  any  suche  person  or  persons  as  shall  be  wylling  to  take  the  same 
And  theruppon  to  certefye  my  lord  hys  grace  of  such  fynes  and  proffytes 
as  may  arryse  unto  his  grace  by  the  same. 

Item  that  my  lord  his  ship  of  Tynmouth  may  with  all  goodly  spede 
be  takeled  and  put  in  a  redynes. 

And  that  the  fyners  in  no  wyse  lacke  any  ower  or  any  other  neces- 
sary thing  belonging  to  theyr  facultee  by  reason  whereof  they  might  or 
shoulde  alledge  any  impedyment  in  their  workes  whereby  my  lord  his 
1  See  Frankeleyn's  letter,  Hutch,  Durham,  i.  405. 


40  CARDINAL  WOLSEY'S  INSTRUCTIONS. 

grace  might  be  put  to  charges  without  taking  any  advantage  or  proffyte. 

Item  that  my  lordes  wardes  may  be  seased  and  the  proffytes  of  theyr 
londes  taken  to  my  lorde  his  use  And  that  comonycacion  may  be  had 
with  suche  persons  as  will  bye  the  maryages  of  the  same  And  that  his 
grace  may  be  certefyed  who  wilbe  most  proffytable  to  his  grace  And 
uppon  his  pleasure  knowen  the  same  to  be  ordered. 

Item  that  no  arrerages  be  left  unlevyed  of  any  the  fermors  or  tenantes 
within  the  said  Busshopricke  but  that  the  same  may  be  payed  to  th'use 
of  my  saide  lorde  at  the  termes  accustomed  without  ferther  delaye. 

Item  that  they  do  speke  unto  Mr.  Bowes  to  be  my  lorde  his  Exchet- 
our  within  his  saide  Busshoprick  and  to  advertise  him  on  my  Lorde  his 
behalf  that  he  se  my  lorde  his  grace  take  no  wronge  as  in  his  wardes  and 
other  exchetes  within  the  saide  Busshoprycke. 

Item  that  the  saide  exchetor  shall  with  all  spede  precede  unto  the 
fynding  offyces  of  all  suche  wardes  as  my  lordes  grace  at  this  present 
or  hereafter  shalbe  intyteled  unto  So  that  the  londes  and  bodyes  of  the 
saide  wardes  may  be  ordered  according  to  the  lawes  And  that  his  grace 
may  be  answered  of  all  th'issues  and  profyttes  of  their  londes  as  also  for 
the  maryages  of  the  persons  of  the  same  wardes  And  if  in  case  that  any 
feoffement  be  alledged  to  th'use  and  performaunce  of  any  will  or  wylles 
or  th'use  of  any  joynctour  or  joynetours  Or  that  the  mothers  of  any 
of  the  said  wardes  shoulde  be  indowed  after  the  customes  and  law  there 
That  then  circumspectly  the  saide  feoffementes  may  be  sene  And  the 
ffeoffes  knowen  so  that  my  lordes  grace  may  know  his  tenante  And 
also  that  his  grace  may  be  answered  of  the  rest  of  th'issues  and  proffytes 
of  the  saide  wardes  londes  Porseing  alwayes  that  no  ffeoffement  ne  will 
be  amytted  unto  such  tyme  that  suffycyent  prof  be  had  of  lyveree  and 
season  concernyng  the  feoffement  whereby  the  same  will  or  willes 
might  or  may  take  any  effecte. 

Item  that  my  said  lorde  his  attorney  and  other  the  offycers  of  his 
courtes  within  his  saide  Busshopricke  shall  in  as  convenyent  tyme  as 
may  be  certefye  his  grace  of  all  fynes  for  alyenacyons  amercyamentes 
for  being  nonesuytes  fynes  uppon  the  sheryf  for  none  retorning  nor  ex- 
ecuting of  proces  forfaytures  uppon  statutes  penall  recognisances  weves 
strayes  felons  goodes  felons  londes  forfaycte  deodandes  and  all  other 
exchetes  amercyamentes  proffytes  and  casualtees  which  have  happened 
these  vj  yeres  now  last  passed  And  that  my  Lordes  grace  may  be  certe- 
fyed what  the  proffytes  of  the  same  yerely  may  be  worth  within  his 
said  county e  palentyne. 

Item  that  my  Lordes  Ship  ymedyatly  uppon  his  arryvayll  there  may 
be  laden  with  coles  and  sent  to  my  Lordes  Colledge  in  Gipswiche.1 

1  See  "Wolsey's  Letter  in  Raine's  Auckland  Castle,  03. 


41 


ROLL  OF  PRAYERS  FORMERLY  BELONGING  TO  HENRY  YIII. 
WHEN  PRINCE. 

IN  the  library  of  Ushaw  College 'is  a  roll  of  prayers,  the  interest  of 
which  is  much  greater  than  our  knowledge  of  its  history.  All  that  we 
can  learn  is,  that  it  was  sent  to  the  library  by  a  gentleman,  from  Liver- 
pool, along  with  some  other  antiquities.  The  roll  is  a  collection  of 
prayers,  to  many  of  which  indulgences  seem  to  have  been  attached. 
The  setting  forth  of  these  indulgences,  as  also  of  certain  temporal  bene- 
fits to  be  obtained  by  these  prayers,  is  in  almost  all  instances  in  a  thin 
purplish  red  ink,  not  the  ordinary  vermilion  of  manuscripts.  From  the 
style  of  the  illumination,  we  could  have  decided  at  once  upon  the  age  of 
this  roll,  even  if  King  Henry  VII.,  as  the  then  reigning  king,  had  not 
been  named  in  it.  That  it  belonged  at  one  time  to  Prince  Henry,  after- 
wards King  Henry  VIII.,  is  evident  from  the  autograph  of  that  Prince  ; 
and  in  all  probability  the  roll  was  originally  written  for  him,  if  we  may 
judge  from  the  repetition  of  the  Tudor  rose  and  other  emblems  apper- 
taining to  his  royal  race.  The  illuminations  on  the  first  and  last  strips 
have  been  much  disfigured  through  the  free  use  of  some  antimony  or 
lead  in  the  flesh  tints ;  the  faces,  hands,  &c.,  of  many  of  the  figures 
having  become  perfectly  black.  In  Italy  several  such  bede-rolls  are 
still  preserved  in  various  libraries,  and  some  of  them  are  very  richly 
illuminated,  but  we  are  not  aware  that  many  such  are  preserved  in  Eng- 
land. At  all  events,  a  MS.  by  an  English  scribe,  as  this  undoubtedly 
is,  cannot  fail  to  be  interesting.1 

The  roll  in  question  is  about  eleven  feet  in  length  by  nearly  five  inches 
in  breadth.  It  is  formed  of  four  strips  of  parchment,  united  by  silk 
thread.  The  first  and  last  of  these  are  much  more  dirty  and  injured 
than  their  fellows,  and  their  illuminations  are  considerably  defaced.  At 
the  commencement  of  the  roll,  in  the  centre,  there  is  the  appearance  of 
the  washing  out  of  an  illumination,  possibly  an  expanded  roll  or  shield. 
A  faint  cross  flory  is  all  that  now  meets  the  eye.  On  either  side  of  this 
is  the  Tudor  rose  en  soleil,  beneath  which,  on  the  dexter  side,  is  the 

1  For  an  account  of  a  bede-roll  in  the  possession  of  Sir  W.  C.  Trevelyan,  Vide 
Archaeologia  JEliana,  0.  S.  iv.,  1. 


42  ROLL  OF  PRAYERS  FORMERLY  BELONGING 

Prince's  badge  of  a  feather  springing  from  another  Tudor  rose2  en  soleil  and 
encircled  with  a  crown,  and  traversed  below  the  crown  with  a  label.  On 
the  opposite  side  are  the  remains  of  illumination,  where  the  crown  is 
again  to  be  traced,  with  something  like  a  quiver  of  arrows3  beneath. 

In  the  centre  below  the  shield  of  arms  is  the  t  $  t  surrounded  by  the 
crown  of  thorns. 

Beneath  this  is  the  first  illumination,  nine  inches  long  by  two  in 
breadth,  and  representing  in  the  upper  part  the  Blessed  Trinity,  typified 
by  three  figures  holding  the  globe.  The  centre  figure  of  God  the 
Father  is  crowned,  as  also  is  that  on  the  left  hand  representing  the 
Holy  Ghost.  The  figure  of  our  Saviour  is  uncrowned,  and  bleeding. 
Beneath  this  is  a  mitred  figure  of  a  bishop  praying  on  his  knees  before  a 
window,  and  holding  a  crosier.  Behind  is  an  angel  holding  a  shield, 
gyronny  Gules  and  Argent,4  a  cross  engrailed  between  four  cinquefoils 
slipped  Or.  Immediately  beneath  this  is  a  prayer  of  thirty  lines  for 
victory  over  enemies,  followed  by  the  initial  verses  of  the  three  Psalms 
— "  Deus  in  nomine  tuo  salvum  me  fac" — "Deus  misereatur  nostri"— 
and  "  Miserere  mei  Deus  secundum  magnam."  Then  follows  a  very 
beautiful  prayer  for  deliverance  from  dangers  and  for  remission  of  sins 
(18  lines).  Both  the  above  prayers  are  in  Latin,  as  indeed  are  all  the 
prayers  on  this  bede-roll. 

The  second  illumination,  of  nearly  equal  length  and  breadth  to  the 
former,  represents  the  Crucifixion  of  our  Lord  between  two  thieves. 
The  crosses  are  Tau-shaped,  and  the  two  thieves  have  their  hands  nailed 
to  the  back  of  the  crosses.  In  one  case  the  arms  are  taken  over  the 
cross  at  the  shoulders,  in  the  other  at  the  wrists,  and  in  the  former  case 
the  head  reclines  over  the  top  of  the  cross.  Our  Lord  is  suspended  in 
the  usual  manner;  immediately  beneath  is  the  following  written  in  red 
ink  :  "  Iff  ye  be  in  synne  or  tribulacion  knele  downe  on  your  knees  be- 
for  the  Eood,  and  pray  God  to  have  mercy  on  you,  and  that  he  will  for- 
yeve  you  your  synnes,  and  to  graunt  you  your  peticion  as  he  graunted 
Paradise  to  the  thefe,  desire  your  peticion  ryghtfully.  And  than  de- 

2  The  roses  appear  to  be  white  ones  in  the  centre  of  red  ones,  the  turned-over  edges 
of  which  seem  to  be  white. — ED. 

3  There  is  the  appearance  of  6  or  7  arrows  star- wise,  passing  through  an  object 
like  a  yellow  tower,  which,  if  not  a  quiver,  may  be  the  castle  of  Castile.     It  is  evi- 
dent that  the  roll  is  subsequent  to  Prince  Arthur's  death,  and  it  probably  was  Henry's 
gift.     The  badge  of  Henry  and  Catherine  in  a  window  of  Yarnton  church   Oxford- 
shire, is  a  double  white  rose  crowned,  behind  which  are  9  arrows,  one  in  pale,  the 
rest  starwise,  points  downward,  Or,  feathered  Argent.— ED. 

*  Azure  would  be  poorish  heraldry,  yet  there  are  some  faint  traces  which  induce  us 
of  GuletS  A!UI  e  heSltatl°n>  The  initial  letters  *  the  r'U  ™  gold  upon  a  ground 


TO  HENRY  VIII.  WHEN  PRINCE.  43 

vowtedly  behold  the  fete  and  sey,  '  Adoramus  te  Jhesu  Christe,  et  bene- 
dicimus  tibi,  quia  per  sanctam  crucem  tuam  redemisti  mundum,  miserere 
nobis.'6  And  then  sey  this  psalm,  '  Ad  te  levavi  oculos  meos,'  with 
'  Gloria  Patri.'  And  then  sey  this  anthem,  '  Qui  crucis  in  patibulo, 
oblatus  es  pro  populo,  clavis  fossus  et  lancea  per  tua  quinque  vulnera 
pie  Jhesu  succurre  nobis  in  hac  angustia.'  And  then  sey  '  Pater  Noster 
— Ave  Maria.'  And  then  stedefastly  behold  the  sydes,  and  sey, 
' Adoramus — Qui  crucis — Ps  :  Deus  nomine  tuo — Pater  Noster — Ave 
Maria.'  And  so  behold  the  hands,  and  sey,  &c.  And  then  behold  the 
hed,  and  sey,  <  Adoramus,  &c.'  And  so,  with  a  holl  mynde  to  all  the 
body,  sey,  '  Adoramus,  &c.'  "  the  form  in  each  case  being  the  same,  with 
varied  psalms.  The  last  instance  concludes  with  "  Credo  in  Deum." 

On  the  top  of  the  succeeding  piece  of  parchment,  we  find  the  follow- 
ing important  autograph  : — "  Willy  am  Thomas  I  pray  yow  pray  for  me 
your  lovyng  master — Pry  nee  JETenry." 

Beneath  this  autograph  is  an  illumination  representing  our  Lord  in  the 
sepulchre,  or  rather  sitting  upright  therein.  Two  Tau-  shaped  crosses, 
with  figures  thereon,  appear  in  openings  behind  the  canopy  which 
hangs  over  the  sepulchre.  The  figures  in  this  illumination  are  not  in 
the  least  discoloured.  Blood  is  spouting  from  the  sacred  wounds  in  the 
side,  the  hands,  and  the  head.  Beneath  this  are  the  following  lines  in 
English,  and,  like  all  the  other  English  words,  written  in  red  ink : — 
"  To  all  them  that  befor  this  ymage  of  pyte  devowtely  sey  v.  Pater 
Foster,  v.  Ave  Maria,  and  i.  Credo,  shall  have  lij.  M.  vij.  c.  xij.  yere  and 
xl.  days  of  pardon  graunted  be  S.  Gregory  and  other  holy  men."  This 
is  similar  to  S.  Gregory's  "  ymage  of  pitye,"  often  given  in  old  illumi- 
nations, but  not  exactly  identical. 

Here  follow  seven  prayers,  each  commencing  with  an  illuminated  let- 
ter, and  addressed  to  our  Lord  in  his  sacred  Passion.  Beneath  this  is  a 
large  illumination  of  our  Lord  hanging  on  a  Tau-shaped  cross.  This  is 
one  of  the  best  illuminations  on  the  whole  roll.  On  either  side  of  the 
cross  are  angels  holding  scrolls,  running  nearly  the  whole  length  of  the 
figure.  The  inscription  on  the  right  hand  scroll  is  in  red  letters  and  in 
English,  that  on  the  left  is  in  Latin. 

At  the  foot  of  the  cross  are  two  angels  holding  a  cloth,  on  which 
drops  the  blood  from  the  wounds  of  our  Lord.  The  English  inscription 
is  as  follows  : — "  This  cros  xv.  times  moten  is  the  length  of  our  Lord 
Jhesu  Criste,  and  that  day  that  ye  here  it  upon  you  ther  shal  no  evyl 
spirit  have  power  of  yow  on  londe  ne  on  water,  ne  with  thonder  ne  liten- 

5  A  similar  prayer  to  this  is  used  in  some  of  the  modern  devotions  relating  to  the 
Crucifixion. 


44        ROLL  OF  PRAYERS  FORMERLY  BELONGING 

yng  be  hurt,  ne  dye  in  dedely  synne  withowte  confession,  ne  with  fyer 
be  brent,  ne  water  be  drowned :  and  it  shal  breke  your  enemys  power  and 
encres  your  worldly  goodes,  and  if  a  woman  be  in  travell  off  childe,  ley 
this  on  her  body  and  she  shal  be  delyverd  withowte  parel,  the  childe 
crystendom,  and  the  moder  purificacyon.  S.  Cire  and  his  moder  S. 
Julitt6  desired  these  petitions  of  our  Lord." 

The  prayers  and  hymn  on  the  opposite  scroll  are  curious : — "  Salve 
decus  parvulorum  miles  reges  angelorum,  0  Cirici,  cum  beata  genetrici  tua 
Julitta.  Christus  et  Maria  nos  sal  vent  mortis  in  hora,"  &c.  Then  fol- 
lows a  Latin  prayer,  begging  of  God,  through  the  intercession  of  St. 
Ciricus  and  Julitta,  various  graces  and  favours. 

Immediately  beneath  this  is  an  illumination  of  the  three  nails  of  the 
Passion  passing  through  the  crown  of  thorns,  and  with  the  feet  and 
hands  pierced  by  the  nails ;  the  wounded  heart  is  laid  upon  the  centre 
nail.  The  nails  are  about  four  inches  in  length,  and  the  heads  are  dia- 
mond shaped.  Below  the  crown  of  thorns,  and  about  halfway  of  the  length 
of  the  nails,  is  another  English  inscription  as  follows  : — "  Pope  Innocent 
hath  graunted  to  every  man  and  woman  y*  berith  upon  them  the  length 
of  these  nails,  seying  daily  v.  Pater  Noster,  v.  Ave  Maria,  and  i.  Credo, 
shall  have  seven  gifts.  The  first  is  he  shal  not  dye  no  soden  deth. 
The  secund  is  he  shal  not  be  slayne  with  no  sword  ne  knyfe.  .  The  iijde. 
is  he  shal  not  be  poysoned.  The  iiij.  his  enemys  shal  not  overcom  hym. 
The  v.  is  he  shall  have  sufficient  goodes  to  his  lyves  ende.  The  vj.  is 
he  shal  not  dye  withoute  all  the  sacramentes  of  holy  church.  The  vij. 
is  he  shal  be  defendid  fro  al  evell  spirites,  pestilens,  fevers,  and  all 
other  infirmities  on  londe  and  on  water. " 

live  prayers  to  the  wounds  of  our  Lord  follow,  each  commencing  with 
a  well  illuminated  letter.  Then  follows  an  illumination  representing 
the  Blessed  Virgin  and  Child,  with  a  town  in  the  distance,  and  the  an- 
gelic host  looking  down  from  the  clouds.  Beneath,  in  red  ink,  but  in 
Latin,  are  the  following  lines,  preceding  a  prayer  to  the  Yirgin : — 
"  Sequens  ha3c  oracio  data  fuit  beato  Bernardo  ab  Angelo  quse  et  dixit, 
'Sicut  aurum  est  pretiosissimum  metallum,  sic  ista  oracio  praecellit 
alias  oraciones.'  "  The  next  picture  is  that  of  St.  Michael  conquering 
the  evil  spirit,  personified  by  a  dragon-like  monster  with  six  heads  and 
a  tail  ending  in  another  head.  The  archangel  is  clothed  in  a  tight-fitting 
feathered  garment,  of  a  bright  red  colour,  relieved  with  gold.  Beneath 
is  a  hymn  to  the  saint.  Following  this  is  a  picture*  of  St.  George  slay- 
ing the  dragon,  with  a  hymn  and  prayer  for  the  saint's  intercession. 

6  The  martyrdom  of  SS.  Cyr  or  Cyrique,  infant,  and  his  mother  Julitta,  occurred 
in  the  reign  of  Diocletian.  Ciricus  and  Julitta  MM. ,  June  1 6th,  Rome :  June  1st,  Paris. 


TO  HENRY  VIII.  WHEN  PKINCE.  45 

The  next  illumination  is  a  singular  one,  and  represents  St.  Herasmus 
of  Campania  extended  on  a  rack  or  board,  naked,  but  with  his  episcopal 
mitre  on  his  head,  while  two  executioners  are  winding  out  his  bowels 
upon  a  reel,  constructed  in  the  boldest  defiance  of  perspective.  Beneath 
is  a  hymn  recording  the  various  torments  endured  by  the  saint,  and  ter- 
minating in  a  prayer  for  his  intercession.  The  colossal  figure  of  St. 
Christopher  follows,  bearing,  according  to  the  old  legend,  the  child 
Jesus  on  his  shoulders,  with  a  hymn  and  prayer.  The  figure  of  St. 
Anthony  has  been  well  drawn,  and  the  black  drapery  is  fine,  but  the 
flesh  has  now  become  black  also.  He  wears  two  Tau-shaped  crosses, 
one  blue,  the  other  white.  In  the  hymn  and  prayer  St.  Anthony  is  in- 
voked against  the  St.  Anthony's  fire,  the  erysipelas  of  modern  days. 
St.  Pantaleon,  a  famous  saint  of  the  Greek  church,  occupies  the  next 
picture.  The  saint  is  represented  in  a  green  cope,  while  an  executioner 
is  in  the  act  of  beheading  him  with  a  sword.  He  seems  to  have  been 
invoked  against  fevers. 

The  concluding  picture  represents  St.  Armyl  or  Armagil,  perhaps  the 
same  as  the  famous  St.  Armoul  of  Brittany.  The  saint  is  represented 
praying  before  a  crucifix,  and  holding  by  a  band  or  stole  passed  round 
its  neck  a  huge  dragon  which  he  appears  to  have  vanquished.  Beneath 
this,  in  red  ink,  are  the  following  lines : — "  He  that  prayeth  hartily  to 
God  and  to  Seint  Armyl  shal  be  delyverd  fro  all  these  sekenes  under- 
writen.  That  is  to  sey  of  all  gowtis,  aches,  agwis  ....  fevers  and 
pockes,  and  mony  other  infirmytes:  as  it  apperith  in  his  life  and 
legende  the  which  was  brought  out  of  Britaiyne  at  the  ynstans  oft  the 
Kyng  owre  Sovereyne  Lord  Harry  the  vijth." 

Then  follows  the  prayer,  and  the  whole  is  ornamented  by  the  crown 
of  thorns  surrounding  m'tt. 

EDWARD  CHARLTON,  M.D. 

Newcastle-upon-  Tyne. 


46 


LEADEN  BOX  AND  CROSSES  FROM  RICHMOND. 

WE  beg  to  call  the  attention  of  the  members  of  the  Society  to  a  curious 
relic  of  antiquity  recently  discovered  at  Richmond,  and  which  has  been 
kindly  placed  in  our  hands  by  Sir  William  Lawson,  Bart.,  of  Brough 
Hall. 

It  is  a  small  leaden  box,  and  was  picked  up  on  the  9th  of 
March  last,  near  the  river  Swale,  amongst  the  debris  and  rubbish  cast 
out  of  the  Castle  yard  at  Richmond,  while  levelling  the  ground  there  for 
the  Barrack  lately  built  therein.  The  person  who  found  the  box  picked 
it  up  close  to  the  river  side,  and  in  a  hurry,  no  doubt,  to  get  at  the 
treasures  contained  within  it,  he  broke  it  open  by  means  of  a  stone, 
and  thereby  scattered  much  of  the  powder  it  contained,  and  in  all 
probability  likewise  broke  the  glass,  as  he  only  found  the  glass  in  frag- 
ments in  the  box.  The  box  was  firmly  soldered  down,  so  that  it  re- 
quired some  violence  to  open  it.  It  is  of  lead,  about  1-1  Oth  of  an  inch 
thick,  2J  inches  long  by  If  inches  in  breadth,  and  about  an  inch  in  depth. 

It  contained  four  rude  leaden  crucifixes,  of  a  plain  Latin  form,  and  a 
quantity  of  fine  greyish  calcareous  powder,  and  the  whole  was  probably 
covered  over  on  the  top  beneath  the  lead  by  a  plate  of  thick  greenish 
glass,  of  which  several  fragments  remain.1 

The  four  small  leaden  crucifixes  are  extremely  rudely  cast,  and  what 
is  also  interesting,  they  have  all  been  cast  or  struck  in  different  moulds. 
On  one  side  of  each  of  them  is  the  figure  of  our  Lord  ;  on  the  reverse 
are  what  may  be  considered  rude  attempts  at  characters,  but  none  of 
them  are  legible  to  us,  and  indeed  we  doubt  much  if  they  are  characters 
at  all.  We  might  suggest  that  they  were  intended  for  the  instruments 
of  the  Passion  of  our  Lord,  were  it  not  that  they  do  not  bear  the  most 
distant  resemblance  to  the  ordinary  representations  of  such  objects.  The 
crucifixes  were  probably  laid  upon,  or  were  imbedded  in,  the  light- 
coloured  calcareous  earth,  which  probably  filled  up  the  box.  We  have 
examined  this  earth  with  a  powerful  microscope,  but  can  detect  in  it  no 
fragments  of  animal  matter  ;  it  seems  to  consist  of  clay,  with  fragments 

1  The  glass  was  found  in  fragments  in  the  box  ;  there  was  quite  enough  of  it  to 
have  formed  a  plate  across  the  box  above  the  earth,  which  nearly  filled  one  half  of  the 
whole.  The  glass  has  a  peculiar  beryl  tint  by  reflected  light  ;  its  surface  is  rougher, 

.     On  shewing  it  to  a  per- 
he at  once  unhesitatingly 


.  n     y  reece 

and  its  texture  coarser  than  that  of  our  modern  plate  glass.     On  shewing  it  to  a  per- 
son well  acquainted  with  the  varieties  of  modern  glass, 


pronounced  it  to  be  of  ancient  manufacture. 


LEADEN  BOX  AND  CROSSES  FROM  RICHMOND.  47 

of  heavy  spar  or  gypsum.  From  the  form  of  the  crystals,  which  are 
however  very  minute,  we  should  consider  them  to  be  sulphate  of  lime  or 
gypsum,  a  much  more  likely  substance  to  be  found  in  ordinary  soil  than 
the  sulphate  of  barytes.  On  adding  muriatic  acid  a  certain  effervescence 
takes  place,  but  the  majority  of  the  white  masses  are  not  dissolved. 
We  are  not  able  to  discover  amid  this  earth  traces  of  any  animal  matter 
whatsoever. 

How  are  we  then  to  account  for  the  extraordinary  care  with  which  these 
crosses  and  the  dust  have  been  guarded  ?  The  box  has  evidently  been 
coated  with  pitch  or  with  bitumen,  as  portions  of  this  can  be  found  on 
every  part  where  the  lead  has  not  been  exposed  by  recent  scraping  with 
a  knife.  The  precise  spot  where  the  box  was  turned  up  is  of  course 
unknown,  but  the  scite  of  the  Castle  Chapel  was  much  disturbed  dur- 
ing the  excavations  for  building  the  Barracks.  In  all  probability  the 
box  had  been  interred  with  some  person  who  had  been  buried  there,  and 
all  else  had  perished  around  it.  The  burial  of  the  carefully  soldered 
leaden  box,  containing  objects  in  themselves  of  such  little  intrinsic  value, 
would  indicate  that  some  peculiar  sanctity  or  veneration  was  attached  to 
the  objects  in  question,  and  it  was  suggested  at  first,  that  the  earthy  matter 
probably  was  the  dust  from  the  tomb  of  a  saint,  or  perhaps  a  portion  of 
the  remains  themselves.  This,  however,  is  completely  disproved  by  the 
chemical  and  microscopical  investigation  of  the  earth  in  question  ;  for  it 
contains  no  animal  remains  whatsoever.  Nor  would  this  account  for 
the  four  leaden  crosses  so  carefully  preserved.  A  cross  of  gold,  silver, 
or  even  of  lead,  was  often  buried  with  the  corpse  of  an  ecclesiastic  or 
great  personage,  as  is  the  case  even  at  the  present  day,  but  in  such  in- 
stances a  single  cross  was  placed  on  the  breast  of  the  corpse. 

In  the  middle  ages  the  pilgrims  who  had  visited  various  shrines,  re- 
turned bearing  with  them  leaden  tokens  of  various  shapes  and  device, 
indicative  of  the  spots  they  had  visited,  and  purchased  at  the  time  of 
their  attendance  at  the  shrine  or  holy  place.  In  an  elaborate  paper  by 
C.  Roach  Smith,  On  Pilgrims'  Signs  and  Leaden  Tokens,  published  in 
the  first  volume  of  the  Journal  of  the  British  Archaeological  Association, 
we  find  a  full  description  of  many  of  these  signs  or  tokens2  which  have 

2  The  leaden  signs  and  tokens  are  alluded  to  by  Erasmus  in  his  Colloquy  of  the 
Pilgrimage  for  Religion's  Sake,  as  also  by  Chaucer,  or  rather  by  the  author  of  the 
Supplement  to  the  Canterbury  Tales,  and  by  the  author  of  Pierce  Ploughman's 
Vision. 

"  An  hundred  of  Ampulles  And  keyes  of  Rome 

On  his  hat  seten  And  the  vernycle  bifore 

Signes  of  Synay  For  men  should  know 

And  shells  of  Galice  And  se  bi  hise  signes 

And  many  a  crouch  on  his  cloak  Whom  he  sought  hadde." 

Vision  of  Pierce  Ploughman,  1.  3533,  Wright's  edition. 


48  LEADEN  BOX  AND  CROSSES  FROM  RICHMOND. 

been  discovered  in  London  and  elsewhere.  Some  of  them  bear  inscrip- 
tions indicating  from  whence  they  came — as  St.  Thomas  of  Canterbury — 
Amiens  in  France,  &c.  None  of  these,  however,  seem  to  have  been  in 
the  shape  of  a  cross  or  crucifix,  and  may  we  not  be  justified  in  the  sup- 
position, that  this,  the  holiest  sign  of  our  redemption,  was  chiefly  re- 
served to  indicate  those  who  had  visited  the  Holy  Places  in  Judea  ? 
Great  quantities  of  these  tokens,  which  had  been  laid  on  various  shrines, 
were  no  doubt  occasionally  brought  home ;  but  the  fact  of  four  crosses 
of  different  moulds  being  placed  in  the  same  casket,  would  indicate 
that  the  pilgrim  with  whose  corpse  these  were  interred  had  obtained 
these  crosses  at  various  places  sanctified  by  the  memory  of  our  Saviour's 
life,  or  possibly  at  distinct  spots  in  Jerusalem  venerated  as  the  localities 
of  the  respective  stages  of  his  Passion. 

The  earth  in  the  box  we  may  with  justice  suppose  to  have  been 
brought  by  the  pilgrim  from  the  Holy  Land.  No  higher  privilege  could 
be  accorded  than  that  of  burial  in  the  Campo  Santo  at  Pisa,  in  earth 
brought  specially  from  Jerusalem ;  and  may  we  not  imagine,  that,  next 
to  interment  in  the  sacred  earth  itself,  the  devout  pilgrim  valued  the 
possession  of  a  small  quantity  of  that  soil  which  had  been  watered  by 
the  blood  of  Christ,  and  wished  it  to  be  interred  with  him  in  the  grave  ? 

EDWARD  CHARLTON,  M.D. 
Newcastle-upon-  Tyne. 


49 


UMBO  OF  A  ROMAN  SHIELD  FOUND  NEAR  MATFEN. 

A  FEW  meetings  ago  we  had  the  pleasure  of  exhibiting  to  the  Society 
the  article  here  noticed,  with  the  view  of  ascertaining  the  purpose  to 
which  it  had  been  devoted.  At  that  time  it  was  our  impression  that  it 
was  the  brazen  boss  of  a  shield,  and  though  we  were  probably  then  in 
error  as  to  the  real  nature  of  the  material,  we  believe  we  were  correct 
as  to  its  probable  use.  It  did  not  excite  much  attention  at  the 
time,  for  many  even  doubted  its  having  any  claim  to  be  considered 
an  antique  at  all.  On  shewing  it  afterwards  to  Sir  "W.  Trevelyan,  he 
immediately  detected  the  existence  of  an  inscription  which  had  before 
escaped  our  notice  on  the  flat  external  rim,  and  Mr.  Albert  Way  has 
called  our  attention  to  a  similar  boss  found  some  years  ago  in  Lancashire. 

The  article  in  question  was  discovered  about  30  years  ago  by  some 
labourers  in  draining  a  field  near  Matfen.  It  lay  about  3  feet  under- 
ground, and  was  unaccompanied  by  any  other  relics  of  old  times.  The 
men  who  found  it  looked  on  it  as  the  top  or  cover  of  a  brass  vessel 
which  would  no  doubt  contain  treasure,  and  we  are  told  that  they  de- 
voted a  day  or  two  afterwards  to  trenching  the  spot  to  secure  the  ex- 
pected prize. 

The  old  cover,  as  it  was  no  doubt  called,  was  then  wondered  at,  and 
hung  up  in  the  farm  house ;  and  every  Saturday  was  submitted  to  a 
most  careful  polishing  by  the  gudewife,  who  certainly  thereby  enhanced 
the  brilliancy  of  the  auld  piece  of  brass,  but  by  no  means  improved 
the  inscription,  and  perhaps  even  obliterated  other  marks  upon  the  boss. 

In  shape  this  boss  presents  the  usual  flat  surface  to  fit  the  wood  of 
the  shield,  and  a  central  projection  of  unusually  large  size.  Indeed  it  was 
considerable  time  before  we  could  bring  ourselves  to  believe  in  its  original 
use,  as,  with  the  exception  of  some  Scandinavian  shields  in  the  Chris- 
tiana Museum,  we  had  never  seen  any  bosses  so  prominent.  The 
diameter  of  the  whole  is  8^  inches;  that  of  the  boss  is  4/0  inches. 
The  prominence  of  the  boss  is  about  2 3  in. ;  the  thickness  of  the  metal 
is  greatest  in  the  projecting  part,  and  materially  thinner  at  the  edge. 
The  breadth  of  the  flat  rim  is  almost  exactly  two  inches.  The  rim  ap- 
pears to  have  been  turned  in  a  lathe,  and  is  formed  into  three  divisions 
by  circular  double  lines  about  half  an  inch  apart.  In  one  of  these 
spaces  the  inscription  is  found.  Four  holes  are  seen  in  the  rim,  through 
which  .square  nails  have  evidently  been  driven  to  attach  it  to  the  wood 
of  the  shield. 

The  material  of  which  this  relic  is  composed  appears  at  first  sight  to 


50  UMBO  OF  A  SHIELD  FOUND  NEAR  MATFEN. 

be  brass,  but  its  deep  golden  hue,  and  mellow  tone  when  struck,  shews, 
even  without  the  aid  of  chemical  analysis,  that  it  is  in  reality  yellow 
bronze,  a  material  which  seems  frequently  to  have  been  used  by  the 
Romans  in  Great  Britain.  Mr.  Thomas  Wright  has  remarked  that  the 
Roman  bronze,  "  under  certain  circumstances,  especially  when  it  has 
lain  in  the  water  where  it  was  subjected  to  friction,  bears  an  extraor- 
dinary resemblance  to  gold."  The  polishing  in  the  present  case  is  pro- 
bably due  in  a  great  measure  to  the  weekly  rubbings  it  underwent 
during  the  many  years  it  hung  in  the  farmer's  kitchen.  Its  colour  is 
deeper  than  in  the  bronze  strainer  in  the  museum  of  the  Society. 

The  boss  or  umbo  in  this  instance  is  certainly  of  unusual  size,  but,  if 
we  mistake  not,  it  is  exceeded  by  that  figured  at  p.  457  of  Whitaker's 
History  of  Richmondshire,  and  described  there  as  having  been  found 
about  the  year  1800  near  Garstang,  in  Lancashire,  on  the  line  of  the 
Roman  road  to  Lancaster.  Here  the  diameter  of  the  umbo  is  more  by 
an  inch  and  quarter  than  that  of  the  present  specimen,  and  the  margin 
is  not  so  broad,  so  that  the  whole  diameter  is  somewhat  less.  Tour 
holes,  as  here,  are  visible  in  the  flat  rim,  for  attaching  the  umbo  to  the 
wood  of  the  shield.  The  Garstang  umbo,  which  is  now  in  the  British 
Museum,  is  covered  over  with  figures  of  great  interest,  and  engraved 
with  considerable  skill.  On  the  boss  is  a  fine  sitting  figure  of  Mars, 
surmounted  by  a  wreath  of  laurel,  and  on  the  rim  are  two  spirited  nude 
figures,  an  eagle  with  its  claw  upon  a  globe,  and  other  curious  emblems. 

The  specimen  before  us  exhibits  no  signs  of  art- workmanship,  except 
that  in  the  central  band  of  the  rim  there  is  a  short  inscription  rudely 
struck  with  a  pointed  instrument.  As  far  as  we  are  able  to  decipher 
the  letters,  they  give  the  word  DON  i  p  IOVINTI.  Of  the  first  word  we 
are  by  no  means  certain ;  the  D  and  the  N  are  pretty  plain,  but  the  se- 
cond letter  bears  some  resemblance  to  A.  The  other  letters  seem  pretty 
plain,  but  those  more  accustomed  to  the  reading  of  Roman  inscriptions 
may  probably  correct  our  reading. 

The  inscription,  we  would  suggest,  may  possibly  mean  that  the  shield 
was  the  gift  of  Julius  Publius  lovintus.  In  the  list  of  potters'  names, 
given  by  Mr.  Thomas  Wright,  occurs  the  name  of  lovantus. 

Whoever  the  owner  may  have  been,  the  shield  was  probably  lost  by 
Borne  Roman  soldier  in  a  skirmish  to  the  north  of  the  Wall,  from  which 
great  barrier  the  spot  where  it  was  found  is  distant  only  about  two 
miles.  The  wood  and  leather  have  rotted  away  long  since ;  the  impe- 
rishable bronze  has  handed  down  to  us,  in  all  probability,  the  name  of 
another  defender  of  the  Wall. 

EDWARD  CHARLTON,  M.D. 

Newcastle-wpon-  Tyne. 


51 


THE  BANNER  AND  CROSS  OF  SAINT  CTJTHBERT. 

No  relic  of  the  saintly  Bishop  of  Lindisfarne  was  so  much  mixed  up 
with  public  affairs  as  the  celebrated  ensign  which  was  supposed  to  return 
never  with  defeat  in  its  train — "  the  Banner  of  Saint  Cuthbert."  Its 
history  has  not  been  very  minutely  attended  to,  and  it  has  generally 
been  supposed  to  have  originated  in  the  battle  of  Neville's  Cross.  The 
notion  rests  upon  the  authority  of  the  Rites  and  Monuments  of  Durham,  a 
work  of  incalculable  value  in  its  pictures  of  what  remained  in  the  church 
at  the  Dissolution,  but  of  no  very  high  credit  in  its  versions  of  ancient 
events.  That  this  book  gives  a  tolerably  correct  idea  of  the  appearance 
of  the  banner  cannot  well  be  doubted,  and  as  it  is  important  that  we 
should  have  the  object  in  our  mind's  eye,  I  will  take  its  description 
from  the  Rites  first. 

It  is  prefaced  by  a  statement  that,  the  night  before  the  battle,  Prior 
Fossour  received,  by  vision,  a  command  to  take  "  the  holie  corporax 
cloth,  which  was  within  the  corporax,  wherewith  Saint  Cuthbert  did 
cover  the  chalice,  when  he  used  to  say  masse,  and  to  put  the  same  holie 
relique,  like  unto  a  banner  [var.  banner  cloth]  upon  a  speare  point," 
and  to  repair  to  the  Red-Hills,  and  there  to  remain  with  the  relic  during 
the  whole  of  the  battle.  Accordingly,  he  and  the  monks  sallied  forth, 
and  knelt  at  the  Red-Hills,  in  prayer  for  their  countrymen's  victory;  a 
great  multitude  of  Scots  "  running  and  pressinge  by  them,  both  one 
waie  and  other,  with  intention  to  have  spoiled  them :  but  yctt  they  had 
no  power  or  suffrance  to  commyt  any  violence  or  force  unto  such  holie 
persons,  so  occupied  in  praiers." 

"  Shortlelie  after  (continues  the  account)  the  said  Prior  caused  a 
goodly  and  sumptuous  banner  to  be  maid,  and,  with  pippes  of  silver, 
to  be  put  on  a  staffe,  being  fyve  yerds  longe,  with  a  device  to  taike  of 
and  on  the  said  pipes  at  pleasure,  and  to  be  keapt  in  a  chyste  in  the 
Ferretorie,  when  they  weare  taken  down.  Which  banner  was  shewed 
and  carried  in  the  said  abbey  on  festival  and  principall  daies.  On  the 
highte  of  the  overmost  pipe  was  a  faire  pretie  crosse  of  silver  and  a 
wand  of  silver,  having  a  fyne  wroughte  knopp  of  silver  at  either  end, 
that  went  overthwart  the  banner  cloth,  whereunto  the  banner  cloth  was 
fastened  and  tyed,  which  wand  was  of  the  bignes  of  a  man's  fynger,  and 
at  either  end  of  the  saide  wande  there  was  a  fyne  silver  bell.  The  wand 


52  THE  BANNER  AND  CROSS  OF  SAINT  CUTHBERT. 

was  fast  by  the  myddle  to  the  banner  staffe,  hard  under  the  crosse. 
The  banner  clothe  was  a  yerd  brode,  and  five  quarters  deape,  and 
the  nether  part  of  it  was  indented  in  five  parts,  and  frenged,  and 
maid  fast  withall  about  with  read  silke  and  gold.  And  also  the  said 
banner  cloth  was  maid  of  read  velvett,  of  both  sydes  most  sumptuously 
imbrodered  and  wrought  with  flowers  of  grene  silke  and  gold.  And  in 
the  mydes  of  the  said  banner  cloth  was  the  sayde  holie  relique  and  cor- 
porax  cloth  inclosed  and  placed  therein,  which  corporax  cloth  was 
covered  over  with  white  velvett,  half  a  yerd  square  every  way,  having 
a  red  crosse  of  read  velvett  on  both  sydes  over  the  same  holie  relique, 
[here  the  writer  seems  to  return  to  the  banner  as  a  whole]  most  artifi- 
ciallie  and  cunynglie  compiled  and  framed,  being  fynely  fringed  about 
the  edge  and  scirts  with  frenge  of  read  silke  and  golde,  and  three  litle  fyne 
silver  bells  fast  to  the  scirts  of  the  said  banner  cloth,  like  unto  sackring 
bells,  and,  so  sumptuouslie  finished  and  absolutely  perfitted,  was  dedi- 
cated to  holie  Saint  Cuthbert,  of  intent  and  purpose  that  the  same  should 
be  alwaies  after  presented  and  carried  to  any  battell,  as  occasion  should 
serve ;  and  which  was  never  caryed  or  shewed  at  any  battell,  but,  by 
the  especiall  grace  of  God  Almightie,  and  the  mediacione  of  holie  Saint 
Cuthbert,  it  browghte  home  the  victorie." 

This  is  a  very  circumstantial  account,  and  an  equally  minute  one 
follows  of  the  cross  of  stone  called  "  Neivell's  Crosse."  That  the 
descriptions  of  these  objects  are  true,  that  the  corporax  cloth  was  at  the 
Battle  of  Durham,  perhaps  near  Maydes  Bower  as  stated  in  the  Bites, 
and  that  the  cross  of  stone  was  erected  in  consequence  of  the  victory,  I 
by  no  means  deny.  But  as  there  was  already  a  Neville's  Cross,  so  also 
there  was  already  a  Banner  of  Saint  Cuthbert,  one  of  such  consequence 
as  to  render  it  a  matter  of  certainty  that  it  would  not  be  wanting  on 
the  field  of  fight.  There  may  have  been  some  repairs  and  restorations 
of  it  afterwards ;  it  had  acquired  a  new  value ;  its  silver  fittings,  possibly 
its  bells,  and  its  staff,  might  be  new ;  but  I  need  hardly  point  out  to 
you  that  here  is  a  banner  as  obviously  older  than  the  battle,  as  the  stone 
cross  of  Neville,  with  crests  and  other  marks  of  full  Gothic,  was  obvious- 
ly of  the  period  of  the  great  event.  The  banner  is  of  the  identical 
design  which  appears  in  the  Conqueror's  standard  in  the  Bayeux  Tapestry, 
on  Stephen's  great  seal,  and  in  one  of  the  saintly  banners  on  the  celebrated 
standard  which  gave  name  to  the  Battle  of  the  Standard.  Some  writers 
have  made  the  Banner  of  St.  Cuthbert  to  be  present  at  that  encounter, 
a  mistake  set  down  with  much  probability  by  Mr.  Surtees  to  the  credit 
of  a  passage  in  Leland's  Collectanea,  read  with  a  stop  in  the  wrong 
place : — Procedentes  versus  Alverton  in  campo  quodam  de  feudo  Sancti 
Cuthbert,  Standart  id  est  malum  navis  erexerunt,  vexillum  S.  Petri  et 
S.  Joannis  de  Beverlac  et  S.  Wilfridi  Ripun  in  eo  suspendentes,  et  corpus 
Domini  superimponentes."  This  standard  was,  like  St.  Cuthbert' s,  sur- 
mounted by  a  cross. 


THE  BANNER  AND  CROSS  OF  SAINT  CUTHBERT.  53 

Had  the  Banner  of  St.  Cuthbert  been  of  a  late  date  it  would  in  all 
probability  have  contained  the  arms  which  were  found  for  him  when 
the  use  of  founders'  arms  became  general  in  the  monasteries.  "  These," 
says  the  Visitation  of  1530,  "  ben  the  armes  of  the  monastery  of  Dur- 
ham which  ys  founded  by  the  Bysshop  of  Durham,  in  the  honor  of 
Saint  Cuthbert,  and  these  annis  present  ys  the  armes  of  Saint  Cuthbert," 
Azure,  a  cross  flory  Or  between  four  lions  rampant  Argent — insignia 
frequently  used  by  the  Bishops  cotemporaneously  with  their  other  coat 
with  the  plain  cross,  which  apparently  alluded  to  St.  Oswald.  In  both 
the  lions  have,  in  modern  times,  been  altered  from  silver  to  gold. 

There  is,  besides,  the  express  authority  of  an  historian  who  wrote  soon 
after  the  battle  of  Neville's  Cross,  in  antagonism  to  the  romantic  details 
of  the  Rites.1  I  allude  to  Knighton,  who  places  the  presence  of  the 
monks  upon  the  Bell  Tower  of  their  church  on  a  firmer  footing  than 
that  of  their  semi-traditionary  position  near  Maydes  Bower.  He  speaks 
expressly  to  the  fact  of  their  singing  the  Te  Deum  on  seeing  the 
victory  from  the  summit.  He  also  speaks  of  the  special  faith  of  the 
English  in  the  sign  of  the  Cross  which  was  borne  with  other  ensigns 
before  the  army.  That  cross  may  reasonably  be  supposed  to  have  sur- 
mounted the  Banner  of  St.  Cuthbert,  for  it  is  out  of  all  reason  to  exclude 
from  such  a  scene  the  standard  which  had  so  often  accompanied  the 
English  to  the  North  and  fluttered  near  their  kings ;  and  the  glory  which 
the  monks  placed  in  their  relic  in  connection  with  Neville's  Cross  had 
no  doubt  arisen  in  fact,  though  the  details  of  their  picture  were  rubbed 
away  by  time,  and  fancifully  renewed  after  the  lapse  of  two  centuries. 

The  story,  indeed,  bears  a  most  suspicious  resemblance  to  one  in  Fordun's 
Scotichronicon,  (i.  278),  which,  whatever  be  its  individual  credit,  shows 
that  the  Banner  of  St.  Cuthbert  was  a  well  known  thing  for  ages  before 
the  Battle  of  Neville's  Cross.  It  runs  to  the  effect  that  when,  in  1098, 
Edgar  the  heir  of  Scotland  was  about  to  assert  his  right  to  the  crown 
against  Donald,  he  was  astonished  by  a  night  vision  of  St.  Cuthbert, 
who  bid  the  youth  take  his  banner  from  the  monastery  of  Durham,  and, 
when  it  was  elevated,  he  himself  would  rise  in  his  aid  and  his  enemies 
should  flee  before  him.  The  youth  told  the  vision  to  his  uncle  Edgar 
Atheling,  and  committed  himself  to  God  and  the  defence  of  St. 
Cuthbert.  His  injunctions  were  obeyed,  and,  "  Sancti  Cuthberti  vexillo 
levato"  an  English  soldier,  Robert  fitz-Godwin,  rushed  against  the 
enemy  with  two  soldiers  only  in  his  company,  inaugurated  the  flight 
of  the  enemy  and  gained  a  bloodless  victory.  Not  unmindful  of 
his  patron,  the  new  king  gave  to  the  monks  of  Durham  his  land  of 
1  All  the  other  authorities  are  silent. 


54      THE  BANNER  AND  CROSS  OF  SAINT  CUTHBERT. 

Coldingham,  and  to  the  Bishop  of  the  same  place  and  his  successors 
his  noble  town  of  Berwick.  Bishop  Flambard  had  not  grace  to  keep 
the  gift.  While  Robert  fitz-Godwin,  by  licence  of  his  King,  was 
building  a  castle  in  Lothian,  on  land  given  him  by  Edgar,  he  was  seized 
by  neighbours  and  the  Barons  of  Durham,  (baronibus  Dunelmemilus) 
on  the  Bishop's  instigation.  Edgar  was  at  the  English  court,  and  not 
only  was  the  means  of  taking  Robert  back  to  Scotland  in  liberty  and 
honour,  but  immediately  resumed  his  gift. 

The  question  will  naturally  arise : — What  was  the  form  of  the  red 
cross  which  distinguished  the  banner.  Was  it  that  which  is  generally 
called  St.  Cuthbert's  Cross  and  appears  in  the  arms  given  to  the 
University  of  Durham  ? 

The  subject  is  confessedly  obscure;  there  is  the  same  absence  of  the 
badge  of  a  cross  as  of  the  arms  of  the  See  and  Monastery  in  the  com- 
position of  the  arms  of  the  tenants  of  the  Church.  The  early  MSS. 
respecting  St.  Cuthbert,  such  as  that  at  Brough,  lend  no  assistance ; 
and  even  the  well-authenticated  ecclesiastical  symbol  of  St.  Cuthbert— 
the  head  of  St.  Oswald  in  his  hand — is  wanting  in  these  remains. 
The  only  mention  of  St.  Cuthbert's  cross,  as  such,  is  in  the  Rites 
and  Monuments,  where  it  is  said  that  every  person  accepting  the  pro- 
tection of  the  Sanctuary  at  Durham  was  "  to  have  a  gowne  of  blacke 
cloth  maid  with  a  cross  of  yeallowe  cloth,  called  Sancte  Cuthbert's  Cross, 
sett  on  his  lefte  shoulder  of  his  arme,  to  the  intent  that  every  one 
might  se  that  there  was  a  frelige  graunted  by  God  and  Sancte  Cuthbert." 
It  does  not  follow  from  this  per  se,  that  there  was  any  general  use  of 
the  cross;  but  there  is  other  evidence  of  the  existence  of  such  a  badge. 

St.  Cuthbert's  Banner,  in  form  and  device,  was  not  strictly  a  banner; 
but  rather,  as  it  is  sometimes  called,  a  standard.  A  banner-proper  con- 
tained only  the  arms  of  the  owner  :  a  standard,  on  the  other  hand,  dis- 
played only  his  devices  and  badges. 

Now,  St.  Cuthbert's  standard  did  not  present  the  arms  of  the  Church, 
but  a  red  cross  ;  and  though  it  was  older  than  the  science  of  heraldry,  it 
was  not  so  as  respected  badges  and  devices ;  and,  even  if  the  fact  were 
otherwise,  the  cross  would  in  time  be  in  the  nature  of  a  badge.  Badges 
were  not  generally  identical  with  or  derived  from  arms — as  witness  the 
Ragged  Staff  of  Beau  champ  ;  and  it  would  have  been  a  strange  thing  if 
so  powerful  a  fee  as  the  palatinate  were  without  the  adjunct  of  a  badge. 
Primd  facie,  the  red  cross  of  the  banner  occupied  that  position,  but  we 
shall  find  the  tenants  of  the  Bishoprick  coming  to  the  Pilgrimage 
of  Grace,  wearing  Hack  crosses.  Thus  we  have  crosses,  red,  black, 
and  yellow: — the  distinction  from  other  crosses  must  therefore  have 
been  in  the  shape  of  that  of  St.  Cuthbert. 


THE  BANNER  AND  CROSS  OF  SAINT  CUTHBERT.  55 

Such  a  device  would  change  its  form  in  the  course  of  architectural 
variety,  and  possibty  the  cross  patee,  which,  in  blue,  is  ascribed  as  the 
personal  coat  of  Bishops  Pudsey  and  Dudley,  and  appears  on  the  breast 
of  pennies  of  Edward  I.  and  Richard  II.  struck  at  Durham,  was  event- 
ually the  settled  shape.  This  view  is  aided  by  the  fact  that  in  Mr. 
Raine's  beautiful  little  church  at  Durham,  there  are  three  limbs  of  a  red 
cross  of  this  very  shape  in  ancient  glass. 

I  must  now  go  back  into  the  early  annals  of  the  Church.  There  lay 
upon  the  body  of  St.  Outhbert,  at  its  discovery  in  1827,  a  small  and 
beautiful  Saxon  cross  of  patee  form,  golden  and  set  with  garnets,  which 
either  was  hidden  from  view  at  the  translation  of  1104,  or,  like  the 
sapphire  ring  and  met- wand  of  gold,  found  at  the  Dissolution  of  monas- 
teries, was,  from  forgetfulness  or  ignorance,  omitted  in  the  narration 
of  the  Eroissart  of  Durham  historians — who  wrote  some  seventy  years 
after  the  event — Reginald.  With  the  singular  objects  of  the  Saxon  period, 
it  had  survived  the  visits  of  Government  officials  and  relic-collectors. 
At  the  angles  of  the  cross  a  knob  occurs,  a  feature  not  uncommon  in 
Saxon  MSS. ;  but  altogether,  the  cross  is  of  unusual  contour— more 
curved  in  all  its  parts  than  is  ordinary.  Its  Saxon  date  is  indubitable, 
and  that  it  was,  or  was  considered  to  be,  a  personal  relic  of  the  saint, 
is  highly  probable,  from  a  circumstance  next  to  be  noticed.  The 
Priory  of  Durham  formed  a  singular  exception  in  its  seal  to  establish- 
ments of  very  inferior  importance.  Prom  its  foundation  to  its  dissol- 
ution, it  used  one  of  the  greatest  simplicity — a  cross  surrounded  by  a 
legend  in  letters  almost  Saxon,  and  evidently  not  later  than  the  found- 
ation, "  3B  SIGILLVM  CVDBERHTI  Pw^svLis  Scxi."  The  language  of  the 
seal  is  peculiar ;  and  the  form  of  the  cross,  in  the  matrix  now  in  the 
possession  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter,  so  similar  to  that  found  on  the 
body  of  the  saint,  that  attention  to  the  fact  was  drawn  by  Mr.  Raine. 
The  cross  is  conventionalized,  as  might  have  been  expected ;  and  the 
squarish  form  of  the  intersection,  produced  by  the  knobs  above  men- 
tioned, is  an  actual  square  in  the  seal.  Monsignore  Eyre  remarks  that 
the  cross  is  not  directly  called  the  cross,  but  the  seal  of  St.  Cuthbert; 
and  this  circumstance,  with  the  occurrence  of  a  single  inner  line  between 
the  legend  and  the  field  in  his  cut,  induced  me  to  make  inquires  whether 
the  matrix  were  really  of  one  piece ;  for  I  began  to  suspect  (as  we  now 
know  that  seals  were  used  in  Saxon  times,)  that  the  centre  was  passed 
off  as  the  very  seal  used  by  St.  Cuthbert.  I  found  that  this  line  did 
not  exist  in  the  matrix,  and  that  the  latter  is  solid.  Nevertheless,  the 
line  had  its  origin  in  truth,  and  I  must  now  say  how. 

At  what  time  this  matrix  was  fabricated,  whether  before  or  after  the 


56  THE  BANNER  AND  CROSS  OF  SAINT  CUTHBERT. 

Dissolution— I  do  not  know,  but  it  certainly  is  not  the  seal  with  which 
the  charters— at  all  events  the  earlier  ones— that  bear  its  device  are 
sealed.  It  is  a  copy — and  not  a  very  literate  one.  The  copier  was 
not  a  native  of  China,  nor  did  he  understand  the  characters  of  the  legend. 
The  M  of  Prcesulis  is  an  E  ;  and  the  top  of  the  initial  letter  of  Cvd- 
lerhti  is  omitted ;  while  the  lettering  is  taller  and  ruder,  and  less  spirited 
and  characteristic,  than  that  of  the  period  of  William.  But  the  cross 
has  suffered  the  most  remarkable  alteration.  The  limbs  and  centre  boss 
have  been  flattened,  the  former  equalized,  and  the  latter  squared  from 
a  sort  of  quatrefoil  boss,  which  bears  much  greater  resemblance  to  the 
cross  found  on  the  body.  At  the  extremities  of  the  foils  of  the  boss  are 
small  bead-like  spots,  probably  to  represent  gems.  These  are  entirely 
wanting  in  the  copy.  The  original  has  been  inaccurately  engraved 
in  Hutchinson  and  Surtees  from  impressions  ;  and  the  modern  matrix  is 
given  by  Mr.  Eaine,  and,  with  the  addition  of  the  inner  line  from  the 
original,  it  also  appears  in  Monsignore  Eyre's  work  on  St.  Cuthbert. 

This  line  must  now  be  noticed.  It  is  but  an  irregular  circle,  almost 
angular  in  places,  and  so  illdisposed  to  the  marginal  line  that  the  letters 
of  the  legend,  which  are  cut  completely  into  both  circles,  are  much 
longer  in  some  parts  than  in  others.  The  circles  running  from,  letter  to 
letter  give  a  singular  raised  appearance  to  the  whole  border,  at  first 
sight  resembling  that  of  the  1799  pennies  of  George  III.  The  lettering, 
where  the  circles  are  tolerably  concentric,  is  not  badly  executed,  and 
various  indications  convince  me  that  the  circles  existed  before  the 
engraver  began  his  work,  and  that  the  inner  one  represents  the 
setting  and  irregular  form  of  some  seal  of  greater  antiquity  than 
the  legend,  old  as  the  latter  is — and  that  it  was,  or  was  thought  to 
be,  or  was  put  forth  as,  the  seal  of  Cuthbert  himself.  Every  one  has 
heard  of  the  Roman  head  of  Jupiter,  which,  by  a  similar  addition  of  a 
legend,  passed  muster  as  that  of  St.  Oswald  on  the  reverse  of  the  Dur- 
ham seal.  I  do  not  know,  however,  why  the  cross  may  not  be  Cuthbert' s 
or  of  very  high  antiquity.  The  gem-like  ornaments  would  suggest  its 
origin  in  the  pendant  gold  cross  or  some  similar  personal  ornament, 
though  the  extra  length  of  the  lowest  limb  might  point  to  a  standing 
cross — possibly  the  very  one  that  Cuthbert  erected  at  the  Fame 
Island,  and  which  he  might  copy  from  the  gold  ornament  he  wore,  or 
from  that  set  up  by  Bishop  Ethelwold  his  successor,  which  was  pre- 
cious enough  to  accompany  the  saint  in  his  wanderings. 

I  am  confirmed  in  this  idea  by  another  interesting  seal  of  more 
modern  date — of  the  13th  century  perhaps — one  of  Kepyer  Hospital : — 
SIGILLV'  SANCTI  EGIDII  DTJNELMIE.  Exactly  the  same  cross  again  appears ; 
but,  in  consequence  of  the  pointed  oval  in  which  it  is  contained,  the  lower 


.  Seal  of  Durham  Friary,  p.  Existing  copy  of 
Oljec£a.lUt~sire  to  tkc,  dedication.  ofJhtsham. 
Sf.JIfajry  f  CiUkoert;.  A.  &.  Seals  of  Kcpyer  Xospitvl. 


THE  BANNER  AND  CROSS  OF  SAINT  CUTHBERT.      57 

limb  is  considerably  more  lengthened.  Another  cross  appears  on  a 
third  seal  (SIGILLVM  SANCTI  EGIDII,) — the  patriarchal  cross  of  two 
transverse  bars,  such  as  appears  on  the  seal  of  Bishop  Beke  as  patriarch 
of  Jerusalem,  to  whom  it  possibly  refers.  In  the  former  seal,  the  cross 
has  no  particular  allusion  to  St.  Giles,  though  it  had  to  the  place- 
Durham  ;  and,  as  the  Banner  of  St.  Cuthbert  was  already  in  existence, 
its  cross  was  doubtless  the  same. 

The  central  knob  was  very  common  in  the  crosses  of  Saxon  times,  as 
may  be  seen  on  the  edge  of  a  Eoman  slab  from  Jarrow  Church,  in  which 
it  must  have  formed  part  of  a  cross  carved  against  the  wall — and  on  the 
Hartlepool  gravestones.  The  seal  of  St.  Giles  brings  it  down  at  Durham 
to  the  13th  century ;  but  there  is  one  more  occurrence  of  it,  in  connec- 
tion with  S.t.  Cuthbert,  of  a  still  later  date.  It  is  a  large  slab  of  English 
marble,  which  lay  in  the  ruined  chapel  of  Bishop  Farnham  at  Gateshead, 
dedicated  to  St.  Edmund  and  St.  Cuthbert,  confessors.  The  cross  had 
been  of  brass,  but  the  metal  had  long  disappeared. 

This  is  all  I  can  say  upon  this  neglected  subject.  My  suspicions  that 
the  cross  descended  to  the  ordinary  patee  form,  may  probably  be  without 
firm  foundation ;  for  the  use  of  the  knobbed  cross  for  a  seal  down  to  the 
Dissolution  was  continuous.  From  this  notice  of  its  device,  I  now  pro- 
ceed to  the  history  of  the  banner. 

During  Edward  I.'s  wars  with  Scotland,  we  have  frequent  mention 
of  his  use  of  consecrated  banners,  and  that  of  St.  Cuthbert  appears  in 
the  grave  records  of  the  realm.  On  Oct.  13,  24  Edw.  I.,  1296,  the 
kings  makes  one  of  his  cheap  grants  of  Scotch  livings  to  his  clerk  Gil- 
bert de  Grymmesby,  who  bore  the  Banner  of  St.  John  of  Beverley.  He 
was  to  have  the  first  vacant  church  in  Scotland  producing  20  marks  or 
pounds  a  year.2  The  monks  of  Durham,  a  month  before,  had  made 
more  advantageous  terms,  knowing  the  old  adage,  "  a  bird  in  hand,  &c." 
On  the  16  Sep.  the  King,  when  at  Berwick,  had  granted  to  their  church 
40?.  per  annum  out  of  the  royal  exchequer  at  Berwick,  until  some 
appropriation  should  be  made  of  equal  value  out  of  the  churches  of 
Scotland.  The  expenditure  of  this  yearly  sum  was  directed  to  be  for 
the  maintenance  of  solemn  festivals  of  the  monks  on  the  two  anniver- 
saries of  St.  Cuthbert,  viz.  on  the  principal  feast  (*.  e.  March  20)  and 
on  the  feast  of  his  translation  (Sep.  4),  on  which  days  3000  poor  were 
to  receive  a  penny  each.  A  priest  was  to  say  the  mass  of  the  same 
saint  in  the  place  called  la  Galileye  every  day ;  while,  near  the  high 
altar,  when  mass  was  celebrating,  two  great  wax  lights,  each  of  20lbs., 
were  to  burn  before  his  feretory,  and,  what  is  more  to  our  purpose,  two 

3  Rymer,  ii.  732. 
i 


58      THE  BANNER  AND  CROSS  OF  SAINT  CUTHBERT. 

smaller  lights  before  the  Banner  of  St.  Cuthbert,  on  Sundays,  and  the 
feasts  of  the  apostles  and  other  principal  feasts  during  the  celebration 
of  matins  and  mass  at  the  high  altar.3  "We  can  hardly  doubt  that  in 
all  this  we  have  the  consideration  for  the  loan  of  the  banner.  Like 
that  of  Beverley,  it  was  borne  by  an  ecclasiastic,  and  in  the  wardrobe 
amount  of  28  Edw.  I.  (1 299-1 300)4  we  have  a  payment  at  Wigeton,  of 
21.  13s.  4d.  to  "Sir  (Dompno)  William  de  Gretham,  monk  of  Durham, 
following  the  king  cum  vexillo  Sancti  Cutfiberti,  in  the  Scotch  war  this 
present  year,  by  gift  of  the  king,  to  buy  him  a  habit."  So  also  in  the 
29th  year  (1300-1)  there  is  paid  to  "Sir  "William  de  Gretham,  monk 
of  Durham,  following  the  king  cum  vexillo  Sancti  Cuthlerti,  in  the  war  of 
Scotland  this  present  year,  for  his  expenses  from  July  3  to  August  24, 
both  inclusive,  for  staying  53  days  in  the  king's  army,  and  for  his  ex- 
pences  for  4  days  following  in  returning  to  Durham  by  leave  of  the 
king." 

In  1309,  in  Edward  II. 's  days,  we  find  the  Prior  of  Coldingham 
quarrelling  with  his  superior  the  Prior  of  Durham,  and  going  to  the 
King  at  the  parliament  at  Stamford,  vainly  trusting  in  his  supposed 
favour  to  himself,  because,  says  Graystanes,  "he  was  known  to  the 
king  and  court,  for  he  had  borne  the  Banner  (vexillum)  of  Saint 
Cuthbert,  with  the  king  in  the  war  of  Scotland."  This  Prior  was 
the  above  William  de  Gretham.  There  was  a  former  prior  of  the 
same  place  called  Henry  de  Hornecaster,  who  threw  off  his  allegiance 
to  Durham,  and  Hutchinson  and  Surtees  say  that  he  bore  the  banner  in 
Edward  I.' s  days;  but  I  suspect  that  they  are  confusing  the  quarrels 
and  the  Priors  too.  At  least,  I  do  not  see  how  the  chronology  will  allow 
of  the  statement. 

This  seems  to  be  the  proper  place  for  the  mode  of  the  carriage  of  the 
banner  as  given  in  the  Rites.  It  was  in  the  keeping  of  the  Master  of 
the  Feretory  and  Deece  (vice)  Prior;  and  "  yt  was  thought  to  be 
one  of  the  goodliest  reliques  that  was  in  England,  and  yt  was 
not  borne  but  of  principall  daies  when  ther  was  a  generall  pros- 
session,  as  Easter  daie,  the  Assention  day,  Whitsonday,  Corpus  Christ! 
daie,  and  Sancte  Cuthbert' s  day.  And  at  other  festivall  daies  it  was 
eett  up  at  the  east  end  of  the  shrine,  because  yt  was  so  chargable 
(weighty.)  Also,  when  so  ever  yt  was  borne,  yt  was  the  clarke  of  the 
Fereture's  office  to  wayte  upon  yt,  with  his  surplice  on,  with  a  faire 
reade  paynted  staffe,  with  a  forke  or  clove  on  the  upper  end  of  the 
Btaffe,  which  clove  was  lyned  with  softe  silke  and  softe  downe,  in  under 
the  silke,  for  hurtinge  or  brusing  of  the  pipes  of  the  banner,  being  of 
Rymer,  ii,  730.  4  p.  159. 


THE  BANNER  AND  CEOSS  OF  SAINT  CUTHBERT.  59 

sylver,  to  taike  it  downe  and  raise  yt  up  againe,  for  the  weightenes 
thereof.  [And  there  was  also  a  strong  girdle  of  white  leather,  that  he 
that  did  bear  St.  Cuthbert's  Banner  did  wear  it  when  it  was  carry ed 
abroad,  and  also  it  was  made  fast  unto  the  said  girdle  with  two  peices 
of  white  leather,  and  at  either  end  of  the  said  two  peices  of  white 
leather  a  socket  of  horn  was  made  fast  to  them,  that  the  end  of  the 
banner-staff  might  be  put  into  it,  for  to  ease  him  that  did  carry  the  said 
Banner  of  St.  Cuthbert,  it  was  so  chargeable  and  heavy.  There  were 
four  men  always  appointed  to  wait  upon  it,  besides  the  dark  and  he  that 
bare  it.5] 

I  refer  to  the  Rites  for  the  details.  In  the  procession  of  Holy  Thurs- 
day the  banner  was  borne  foremost.  On  Corpus  Christi  day,  it  met  a 
shrine  from  Saint  Nicholas'  Church,  which  being  carried  into  the  choir  of 
the  Abbey,  solemn  service  was  done  before  it,  and  Te  Deum  solemnly 
sung  and  played  on  the  organs.  On  this  day  the  trades  had  all  their 
banners  with  torches  in  a  very  grand  procession.  I  mention  this  great 
day  in  Durham  more  particularly,  because  of  a  supposition  that  the 
singing  of  Te  Deum  by  the  cathedral  choir,  on  May  29,  for  some  years 
previously  to  1811  had  a  reference  to  the  song  of  Te  Deum  at  the  battle 
of  Neville's  Cross.  There  is  no  mention  in  the  Bites  of  any  annual 
and  special  Te  Deum  except  that  of  Corpus  Christi  day,  which  was  in 
a  very  different  season  to  the  October  anniversary  of  Neville's  Cross. 
The  custom  appears  to  have  been  disused  before  1811  and  revived  again. 
The  statement  about  Neville's  Cross]  may  be  sustained,  but  the  custom, 
certainly  was,  in  1776,  understood  to  allude  to  the  great  doings  on  Cor- 
pus Christi  day,  which  frequently  fell  on  May  29.  The  reasons  for 
perpetuating  it  on  that  day  and  so  paying  a  triple  debt,  are  obvious. 
In  the  above  year  1776,  John  Ogle,  of  Durham,  thus  annotates  Sander- 
son's account  of  the  Corpus  Christi  procession.  : — "  This  custom  of 
going  with  the  banners  of  the  different  trades  of  the  city  to  the  abbey 
church  annually  on  the  twenty -ninth  of  May,  when  the  singing  loys  sung  an 
anthem  on  the  top  of  the  steeple,  was  continued  to  about  the  year  1770." 
I  need  hardly  remark  that  singing  and  procession  of  all  the  banners 
that  the  churches  and  trades  could  muster  were  not  confined  on  Corpus 
Christi  day  to  the  ancient  city  of  Durham.  But  I  may  add  one  more 
reason  for  a  Te  Deum  on  Corpus  Christi  day  there.  In  1422,  the  cen- 
tral tower  was  fired  by  lightning  during  the  night  before  this  great 
feast,  to  the  infinite  peril  of  the  whole  pile.  It  was  extinguished  in  the 

6  The  words  in  brackets  are  not  in  the  Norton  Roll,  and  are  supplied  from  a  copy 
in  Hunter's  MSS.  at  the  Hermitage,  apparently  from  Mrs.  Milner's  MS.  mentioned 
by  Mr.  Raine  as  not  traced.  It  contains  much  that  only  occurred  in  Davies,  but  ii 
far  more  genuine. 


60  THE  BANNER  AND  CROSS  OF  SAINT  CUTHBERT. 

afternoon,  and  the  whole  multitude  of  monks  and  spectators  devoutly 
sang  the  Te  Deum.* 

In  1355-6  (nine  years  after  the  struggle  of  Neville's  Cross)  the  Bursar 
of  Durham  Monastery  paid  "  the  expences  of  Sir  William  de  Masham, 
the  Terrarer,  towards  Scotland  with  the  Banner  of  St.  Cuthbert,  in  the 
suite  of  our  Lord  the  King,  with  a  pipe  of  wine,  and  a  tent  bought  for 
the  same,"  and  those  "  of  William  de  Cheker  at  Newcastle  with  the 
Banner  of  St.  Cuthbert,  to  be  carried  to  our  Lord  the  King."  Thus 
the  banner  witnessed  the  recovery  of  Berwick  and  the  "Burnt  Candle- 
mas." In  1383  "  a  cup  of  silver  gilt,  the  gift  of  the  Countess  of  Kent 
(kept)  along  with  the  Banner  of  St.  Cuthbert,"  lay  upon  the  first  or 
highest  step  or  shelf  to  the  south  of  the  shrine.  The  shrinekeeper  also 
had  a  "  red  coffer,  containing  the  Banner  of  Saint  Oswald"  This  was 
possibly  a  mere  relic,  like  the  portion  of  St.  Oswald's  coat  of  mail,  and 
equally  genuine,  or  it  might  contain  the  arms  ascribed  to  that  saint. 
Two  years  later,  in  1385-6,  there  is  a  payment  of  2Qd.  for  "the  ex- 
pences of  the  standard  towards  Scotland"  in  Richard  II.'s  expedition. 
The  banner  had  no  chance  of  victory,  for  the  Scots  were  too  few  to 
fight.  In  1389-90,  6d.  was  paid  to  the  bearer  of  St.  Cuthbert's  Banner 
[in  one  of  the  processions].  In  1397-8,  Alan  Bower  was  fined  for  non- 
attendance,  and  Mr.  Raine  explains  that,  by  an  ancient  custom,  which 
probably  originated  when  the  Prior  was  ex-officio  Archdeacon  of  the 
Diocese,  all  Rectors,  Yicars,  and  parochial  Curates  were  bound  to  ap- 
pear at  Durham  twice  a  year,  and  to  be  present  at  the  Prior's  visitation 
of  his  appropriate  churches  in  the  church  of  St.  Oswald's,  clad  in  their 
copes  and  surplices ;  and,  moreover,  they  were  to  be  attended  by  their 
respective  parish  ck-rks,  bearing  each  the  Banner  of  Ms  Church,  "  in 
sign  of  subjection  and  in  honour  of  the  church  of  Durham."  When 
this  numerous  body  was  gathered  together,  the  Banner  of  St.  Cuthbert 
took  the  lead,  and  the  whole  assemblage  moved  on  in  procession  to  the 
church  aforesaid.  The  above  expenses  are  from  Mr.  Raine's  St.  Cuth- 
lert,  and  the  following  are  thrown  together  from  the  same  valuable 
source. 

1398-9.  To  a  chaplain  carrying  the  Banner  of  St.  Cuthbert  for  two 
years  2s.— 1400-1.  To  John  Knowte,  goldsmith,  for  making  a  cross 
for  the  Banner  of  St.  Cuthbert,  [that  at  the  top  of  the  banner],  for 
hooks  for  the  shrine,  and  for  repairing  a  cup  belonging  to  the  refectory 
4*.— For  a  belt  bought  for  carrying  the  banner,  and  for  expenses  incur- 
red twice  at  Newcastle,  and  towards  the  march  with  the  banner  of  St. 
Cuthbert,  by  order  of  the  Lord  King  and  Prior,  8s.  [This  was  in 

*  Raine's  St,  Cuth.  149. 


THE  BANNER  AND  CROSS  OF  SAINT  CUTHBERT.      61 

Henry  IV.'s  invasion  of  Scotland,  which  was  remarkable  for  its  lenity, 
arising  affectedly  from  gratitude  for  old  hospitality  to  his  father,  hut 
rather  from  domestic  dangers  and  a  wish  for  the  friendship  of  Scotland.] 
• — 1403-4.  To  a  priest  carrying  the  Banner  of  St.  Cuthbert,  12s. — 
1406-7.  Received  from  the  banner  4s.  3d.  [in  the  procession  as  above.] 
Beceived  of  many  who  were  absent  from  procession  at  Pentecost,  8s. 
10^.— 1407-8.  Received  from  the  banners,  6*.  9^.— 1411-12.  Re- 
ceived from  the  banner  in  "Whitsun  week,  7s.  Id. — 1411-12.  For  re- 
pairing a  cup  for  the  banner  of  St.  Cuthbert,  Wd.  [The  cup  was  the 
socket  fixed  to  the  carrier's  girdle,  in  which  socket  the  foot  of  the  ban- 
ner staff  rested — this  is  Mr.  Raine's  explanation.] — 1417-8.  The  state 
of  the  office  of  Feretrar.  Five  pypes  of  silver,  with  a  cross  of  silver  gilt 
for  the  Banner  of  St.  Cuthbert,  with  two  silver  bells.  Two  poles  for 
carrying  the  Banner  of  St.  Cuthbert  in  processions  and  in  time  of  war 
[this  seems  to  be  a  different  arrangement  to  that  given  by  the  Rites], 
with  a  cover  of  hide  containing  the  said  banner. — 1422-3.  Received 
from  the  processions  in  Whitsun  week,  5s.  Sd.  Received  for  the  fines 
of  Rectors  and  Vicars  not  appearing  in  the  procession,  4s.  To  the  Ap- 
paritor of  our  Lord  Bishop  for  calling  the  clergy  in  Whitsun  week,  6d. 
— 1446-7.  To  John  Binchester,  carrying  the  Banner  of  St.  Cuthbert, 
£>d. — 1480-1.  H?QT  painting  the  staff  of  St.  Cuthbert's  Banner,  IQd. 

On  the  coronation  of  Richard  III.  in  the  Chapter-house  at  York — his 
second  coronation — the  keeper  of  the  wardrobe  was  directed  to  furnish, 
inter  alia,  banners  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  our  Lady,  St.  George,  St.  Ed- 
ward, St.  CuthbertS  and  the  King's  arms.  There  is  much  to  show  the 
leaning  of  Richard  III.  to  the  county  wherein  Barnard- Castle  stood. 
One  of  the  stalls  in  his  collegiate  church  of  Middleham  was  dedicated 
to  St.  Cuthbert. 

1513-4,  Sir  John  Forster  was  paid  IQd.  for  carrying  the  Banner  of 
St.  Cuthbert,  and  the  rather  large  sum  of  13s.  4d.  was  paid  for  its  re- 
paration, but  the  occasion  was  one  of  great  glory  to  the  faded  relic. 
Lord  Surrey  was  on  his  march  to  the  red  field  of  Flodden,  and  on  hear- 
ing mass  at  Durham,  appointed  with  the  Prior8  (or  "  prayed  the  prayer 
of  that  place,"  as  the  editions  of  the  old  Poem  of  Flodden  Field  absurdly 
have  it)  "  Saint  Cuthbert's  Banner  for  to  bear."  The  banner  which 
had  witnessed  the  fight  of  Neville's  Cross  was  accordingly  borne  in  the 
foreward  or  first  line,  commanded  by  the  Earl's  son  Lord  Thomas  Howard, 
Admiral  of  England,  in  which  was  Sir  Wm.  Bulmer,  with  the  power 
of  the  Bishoprick.  • 

St.  Cuthberd's  Banner  withe  the  Byshop's  men  bolde, 

In  the  vauntgard  forwarde  fast  did  hye — 
That  Royal  Relyke  more  precious  than  golde, — 
And  Sir  "William  Bowmer  nere  stood  it  by.9 

7  Probably  the  "  arms  of  St.  Cuthbert"  composed  the  design,  rather  than  a  copy  of 
the  banner. 

*  Hall.  9  Mirrour  for  Magistrates. 


62  THE  BANNER  AND  CROSS  OF  SAINT  CUTHBERT. 

"  The  sayd  banner  was  at  the  wynnyng  of  Brankston10  feilde — and 
dyd  bring  home  with  it  the  Kynge  of  Scottes  banner,  and  dyvers  other 
noble  mens  auncyentes  of  Scots,  and  that  was  loste  that  day  :  and  did 
sett  them  up  at  Sancte  Cuthbert's  Fereture,  where  they  dyd  stande  and 
hynge  unto  the  suppression  of  the  howse."11 

In  1522  the  banner  was  again  out  against  Scotland,  and  in  1523  a 
letter  from  the  Earl  of  Surrey  (to  which  Mr.  Hillier  has  called  my  at- 
tention) contains  a  remarkable  passage  which  may  either  suggest  some 
faith  of  Henry  himself  in  the  relic,  or  that  he  did  not  consider  that  it 
would  be  prudent  to  trust  to  the  presence  or  valour  of  the  Bishoprick 
men12  beyond  the  limits  for  which  their  standard  had  been  lent.  The 
passage  is  this  : — "  And  where  your  Highness  sent  me  word  by  my  Lord 
Marquis  that  in  nowise  I  should  goo  no  further  than  St.  Cuthbert's  Ban- 
ner might  go  with  me."  Surrey  who,  when  Lord  Thomas  Howard,  had 
led  the  van  of  his  father's  army  at  Flodden  Field,  accompanied  by  the 
banner,  was  destined  to  another  success  under  its  folds,  for  this  same 
year  1523  witnessed  Albany's  flight  from  Wark,  the  Admiral's  army 
marching 

With  the  noble  powre 

Of  my  Lorde  Cardynall 

As  an  hoost  royall, 

After  the  auncient  manner, 

"With  Sainct  Cuthberdes  Banner 

And  Sainct  "William's  also."13 

The  Admiral  had  been  advised  of  Albany's  attack  upon  Wark,  when 
he  was  at  Holy  Island,  and  he  immediately  sent  letters  "to  my  Lord 
Cardynallis  company,  my  Lord  of  Northumberland,  my  Lord  of  West- 
mereland  at  Sainte  Cuthbertes  Baner  lying  at  Anwike  and  thereabouts 
to  mete  me  at  Banner  woode  v.  myles  from  Werk  on  Mondaye,  whoo 
soo  dede."  u 

I  need  scarcely  remind  you  that  my  Lord  Cardinal  "Wolsey  was  then 
Bishop  of  Durham,  as  well  as  Archbishop  of  York.  He  would  have 
the  Banner  of  St.  "William  in  the  latter  capacity. 

We  now  come  to  the  last  sad  appearance  of  the  Banner  of  St.  Cuth- 
bert — its  share  in  the  fatal  Pilgrimage  of  Grace.  It  was  perhaps  only 
out  in  the  first  rising  and  so,  if  not  victorious,  was  not  unsuccessful, 
but  the  sequel  of  the  history  is  melancholy,  and  the  appearance  of  the 
banner  might  not  tend  to  allay  suspicions  of  the  loyalty  of  men  high  in 

10  Hunter's  MS.  n  Rites  and  Mon. 

12  Sir  "William  Buhner  was  at  Ids  post  this  year.  (Ridpatk,  515.) 

13  Dyce's  Skelton,  ii.  70.  u  Notes  to  Skelton,  ii.,  377- 


THE  BANNER  AND  CROSS  OF  SAINT  CUTHBERT.  63 

station  at  Durham.  Of  the  fact  I  found  abundant  proof  in  the  State- 
paper  Office,  among  the  various  depositions  made  by  Aske  himself.  After 
the  surrender  of  Pomfret  Castle  by  Lord  Darcy, 

"  The  contre  [he  says]  daly  assembled  of  all  partes  and  the  said 
Aske  tried  out  the  men  and  then  after  came  in  the  Lord  Nevill,  Laty- 
mer  and  Lumley  and  ten  thousand  men  with  them  and  above,  with  the 
Banner  and15  [var.  or16]  army 8  of  Seint  Cutbert."  [And  again]  "  The 
sayd  Aske  sayth  that  they  iiij  [apparently  himself,  .Robert  Bowes,  Lord 
Darcy,  and  Sir  Robert  Constable]  wer  togeder  aboutes  thre  or  iiij  seve- 
rall  tymes.  The  furst  tyme  was  when  thos  of  the  Bisshopreke  came 
with  the  Baner  of  Seint  Cuthbert  to  Pomfret  with  the  Lord  Nevill, 
Latymer  and  Lumley,  and  then  it  was  ther  spokyn  and  agreyd  upon 
that  the  Baner  of  Seint  Cuthbert  should  be  in  the  vay ward  in  wich  bend 
the  sayd  Robert  Bowes  was  in."  *7 

This  arrangement  was  carried  out,  for  Aske  says  again : — 

"  The  harrold  came  to  the  host  at  Doncastre  then  being  in  two  wardis, 
that  was,  in  the  vay  ward  being  with  Saint  Cutlert  Baner  and  ac- 
companied with  the  Lord  Nevill,  Lumley,  Sir  Lord  Latymer,  Sir  Thomas 
Hilton,  Sir  Thomas  Percy,  and  all  the  bendes  of  Bischopreke,  Cleve- 
land and  parte  of  Richmond  shir,  and  in  the  second  ward  the  Lord  Darcy, 
&c."  18 

Connected  with  this  coming  of  Saint  Cuthbert' s  Banner  is  the  inte- 
resting circumstance  which  has  already  been  alluded  to  in  connection 
with  Saint  Cuthbert's  Cross.  Aske  in  the  Tower,  1 1  Ap.  28  Hen.  VIII., 
deposed  thus : — 

"  The  Lord  Darcy  gaf  him  a  Crose  with  the  v.  woundes  in  it,  albeit 
who  yt  was  the  furst  inventor  of  that  bage  Aske  cannot  say,  but,  as  lie 
remembreth,  that  bage  with  a  Blake  Crose19  came  furst  with  them  of 
Seint  Cutbert  Baner :  but  he  saythe  the  cause  why  al  men  wore  the 
seyd  v.  Woundes  or  els  the  bage  of  Jhs  was  for  this  cause.  Mr. 
Bowes,  befor  our  furst  meting  at  Dancastre  scrymaged  with  his  com- 
pany with  the  scoweres  of  the  Duke  of  Northfolk  host,  and  then  one 
of  Mr.  Uowes's  own  servaunts  rane  at  a  nother  of  his  own  fellows  because 
he  had  a  crose  on  his  bake  [evidently  confounding  it  with  St.  George's 

13  Chapter  House  Records,  A.  2,  28,  p.  54. 

16  Ib.,  p.  76.  It  lias  been  suggested  to  me,  with  much  reason,  that  any  banner 
heading  the  tenants  of  the  See,  might  be  called  the  Banner  of  Saint  Cuthbert.  This 
is  the  only  passage  which  would  tend  to  instance  such  a  usage  of  the  term,  and  it  is  of 
too  doubtful  a  character  for  the  purpose.  We  have  seen  that,  in  Henry's  reign,  it 
was  still  the  "  royal  relic"  that  was  known  as  St.  Cuthbert's  Banner. 

"  Chapter  House  Records,  first  series,  1401.  18  A.  2.  28.  p.  54. 

is  The  cross  of  Bishop  Aidan,  preserved  at  Durham,  was  of  black  jet. — (Haine's 
S.  Outh.,  9.) 


64      THE  BANNER  AND  CROSS  OF  SAINT  CUTHBERT. 

cross],  and  went  he  had  been  on  the  partie  of  the  Doke  host,  and  ther 
with  after  killyd  his  own  fellow  and  for  that  chance  then  was  a  cry  al 
men  to  have  the  bage  of  Jhs  or  the  Fyve  Wounds  on  him  both  befor 
and  hynd  them,  and  ther  to  his  knowlage  was  al  the  men  that  was 
slayne  or  hurt  of  eyther  parte  during  al  the  tyme  of  busynes."  20  [On 
the  arrival  of  the  pardon,  Aske  renounced  the  name  of  Capitane],  "  and 
in  the  presens  of  all  the  said  lordes  pulled  of  his  bage  and  Crosses  with 
v.  Woundes,  and  in  semblable  maner  dyd  all  the  lordes  ther,  and  all 
other  ther  present,  saying  all  these  wordes,  We  will  all  wer  no  bage 
nor  figure  but  the  bage  of  our  soveryng  Lord."  21 

Thirty- three  years  afterwards,  and  this  joint  cognizance  was  connected 
with  more  disastrous  effects  in  the  north.  In  the  Rising  which  blotted 
out  the  main  lines  of  Percy  and  of  Neville  from  the  rolls  of  nobility 
and  honour, 

The  Norton's  ancient  had  the  Cross 

With  the  Five  "Wounds  our  Lord  did  bear: 

And  in  this  earlier  rebellion  the  badge  was  to  aid  in  sending  the  white 
hairs  of  Lord  Darcy  to  the  scaffold,  but  not  before,  while  upbraiding 
Thomas  Cromwell  for  ignoring  his  pardon,  he  had  promised  the  favourite 
a  similar  fate.22  There  is  something  so  curious  in  the  ingenuity  with 
which  the  Interrogatories  are  framed  on  this  point,  evidently  by  Henry 
himself,  that  I  may  be  excused  the  digression  to  introduce  this  unpub- 
lished detail. 

"  Why  did  you  gyve  badges  of  the  Fyve  Woundes  of  Christ  ? — Was 
not  that  badge  of  v.  Woundes  your  badge  my  Lord  Darcy  when  ye  were 
in  Spayne  ? — Were  those  badges  new  made,  or  were  the  same  wich  ye 
gave  in  Spayne  ? — Could  you  not  have  disposed  the  said  badges  afore 
this  insurrections  ?  Whether  kept  ye  thaim  sty  lie  for  that  purpose  ? — 
If  they  were  newe  made  who  made  and  embrodered  them — when  and  in 
what  place — for  what  intent? — If  ye  were  sodenly  takin  in  of  the 
Comons  whether  it  is  like  that  than  ye  hadleisur  to  make  suche  badges? 
— Did  you  cause  your  souldiours  and  servantes  within  Pomfrett  Castell 
or  without  to  were  those  badges  in  the  kynge's  part  afore  ye  were 
joyned  with  the  rebellys  ? — Why  brought  you  forth  those  badges  when 
ye  were  joyned  with  the  rebelles  rather  than  afore  when  ye  shewed 
yourself  to  stande  for  the  kinge's  part."23 

The  result  of  the  rebellion  and  the  new  tone  of  the  times  alike  seem 
to  have  divested  the  Banner  of  St.  Cuthbert  of  its  ancient  renown,  and 
2°  A.  2.  29.  p.  239.  21  A.  2.  28.  p.  60. 

M  I  have  not  seen  the  State  Paper  containing  this  remarkable  prophecy,  but  I  wna 
informed  of  its  existence  in  the  Rolls  House  by  a  gentleman  on  whose  accuracy  I 
can  rely. 

»  A.  2.  28.  p.  87. 


THE  BANNER  AND  CROSS  OF  SAINT  CUTHBERT.  65 

we  hear  of  its  glories  no  more.  In  Wilfrid  Holme's  metrical  account 
of  the  Pilgrimage,  the  King,  in  his  answer  to  the  rebels,  is  made  to  enu- 
merate the  objects  of  local  faith,  which  (he  says)  "  thanked  be  God," 
were  "  spied."  Among  them  we  find  "  St.  CutJibertfs  Standard  of 
Duresme  to  make  their  foes  to  flee."  It  is  not  probable  that  it  again 
preceded  an  army  to  the  field,  but  it  does  not  seem  to  have  been  de- 
stroyed immediately.  In  one  part  of  the  "  Rites,"  indeed,  it  is  stated 
by  Davies  and  Mrs.  Milner's  MS.  that — 

"  At  the  suppression  of  the  House  the  aforesaid  Banner  of  Saint 
Cuthbert  and  all  the  antients  of  the  noblemen  of  Scotland,  as  principally 
the  King  of  Scotts'  Banner  and  divers  noblemen's  antients  of  Scotland, 
were  shortly  after  clearly  defaced,  to  the  intent  there  should  be  no  memory 
of  the  said  Battle,  and  of  their  antients  being  spoiled,  which  were  worn 
at  the  said  battel  of  Brankesfield,  that  there  should  be  no  remembrance 
at  least  of  them  within  the  Monastical  Church  of  Durham." 

But  it  elsewhere  in  the  same  work  appears  that  the  banner  of  the 
saint  existed  at  least  twenty-three  years  after  the  Suppression. 

"  Which  banner  cloth  [thus  it  reads],  after  the  Dissolution  of  the 
Abbey,  fell  into  the  possession  of  one  Deane  Whittingham,  whose  wife 
called  Katherine,  beinge  a  Ereanche  woman,  as  is  most  credably  reported 
by  those  which  weare  eye-witnesses,  did  most  injuriously  burne  and 
consume  the  same  in  hir  fire,  in  the  notable  contempt  and  disgrace  of 
all  anncyent  and  goodly  reliques." 

Whittingham  was  Dean  from  1563,  and  the  banner  was  probably  de- 
stroyed before  1569,  as  I  do  not  remember  to  have  seen  mention  of  it 
during  the  Rising  of  the  North. 

It  was  a  thing  of  mighty  age  and  renown. 

W.  HYLTON  DYER  LONGSTAFFE,  F.S.A. 

Gateshead. 

***  It  is  a  pleasure  to  acknowledge  the  kind  loan  by  Mr.  Trueman,  of  Durham,  of 
electrotype  casts  from  the  interesting  seals  referred  to  in  this  paper.  Since  the  above 
remarks  were  printed,  he  has  placed  in  my  hands  a  most  interesting  ornament  of 
copper,  gilt  and  enamelled  with  St.  Cuthhert's  Cross,  which  may  have  been  given  to 
a  pilgrim  at  the  shrine.  I.  The  cross  is  red,  corresponding  with  those  in  the  banner 
and  Mr.  Raine's  church,  and  we  may  infer  that  this  was  the  usual  colour.  II.  It  is 
on  a  shield,  as  badges  were  used,  concurrently  with  arms-proper,  and  Aske's  expression 
"the  banner  or  arms  of  St.  Cuthbert"  is  explained.  III.  It  is  a  simple  cross  patee, 
confirming  my  suggestions  that  the  Cross  sunk  into  that  form.  The  space  between 
the  shield  and  legend  is  blue.  The  colour  of  the  inscription  AVE  MARIA  GRACIA 
(alluding  to  the  joint  dedication  of  the  cathedral)  is  entirely  gone.  This  unique 
object  was  among  the  late  Mr.  Matthew  Thompson's  collections  of  Durham  relics. 


66 


ST.  CUTHBERT'S 

THE  ring,  represented  in  full  size  by  the  accompanying  engravings, 
was  found  in  St.  Cuthbert's  coffin  in  the  year  1537.  Harpsfield,  Arch- 
deacon of  Canterbury,  describes  the  occasion  and  circumstances  of  the 
discovery.  He  lived  at  the  very  time,  and  was  then  a  Fellow  of  New 
Hall,  Oxford.  His  wrords  are — "  When,  at  the  order  of  King  Henry 
VIII.  (A.D.  1537),  the  shrines  of  the  saints  were  plundered  and  broken 
to  pieces  in  every  part  of  England,  and  their  holy  relics  were  cast  into 
vile  places ;  the  wooden  chest,  which  was  covered  with  white  marble, 
was  also  broken.  And  when  he  whose  task  it  was  to  destroy  and 
break  the  tomb,  had  broken  the  coffin  with  a  heavy  blow,  the  stroke 
fell  upon  the  body  of  the  saint,  and  wounded  the  leg ;  and  of  the  wound 
the  flesh  soon  gave  a  manifest  sign.  As  soon  as  this  was  seen,  as  also 
that  the  whole  body  was  entire,  except  that  the  tip  of  the  nose,  I  know 
not  why,  was  wanting,  the  circumstance  was  laid  before  Cuthbert  Tun- 
stall,  at  that  time  Bishop  of  Durham.  He  was  consulted  as  to  what 
he  might  order  to  be  done  with  the  body ;  and,  at  his  order,  a  grave 
was  dug,  and  the  body  was  replaced  in  that  spot  where  its  precious 
shrine  had  been  before.  Not  only  the  body,  but  also  the  vestments  in 
which  he  was  robed,  were  perfectly  entire,  and  free  and  clear  of  all 
stain  and  decay.  He  had  on  his  finger  a  gold  ring,  ornamented  with  a 


ST.  CUTHBEBT'S  RING.  67 

sapphire,  which  I  once  saw  and  touched,   and  which,  as  a  holy  relic 
more  precious  than  any  treasure,  I  earnestly  laid  hold  of  and  kissed."1 

The  ring  came  into  the  possession  of  Thomas  Watson,  the  Catholic 
dean  appointed  when  Home,  the  Protestant  dean,  was  dismissed. 
Dean  Watson  gave  it  to  Sir  Eobert  Hare.  He  gave  it  to  Anthony 
Brown,  created  Yiscount  Montague  by  Queen  Mary  in  1554.  This  no- 
bleman gave  it  to  Dr.  Eichard  Smith,  bishop  of  Ghalcedon  in  partilus 
infidelium,  and  Vicar  Apostolic  of  the  Northern  District,  whom  he  had 
for  a  long  time  sheltered  in  his  house  from  the  persecution.  Bishop 
Smith  gave  the  ring  to  the  monastery  of  the  English  Canonesses  of  St. 
Augustine  at  Paris,  Eue  Fossee  St.  Victoire.  He  was  the  founder  of 
their  house,  spent  the  last  13  years  of  his  life  with  them,  and  deceased 
there  in  1655,  esteemed  and  beloved  for  his  piety  and  learning. 

The  ring  is  above  the  ordinary  size ;  and  though  evidently  a  pastoral 
ring,  would  now  be  considered  heavy  and  rude.  It  is  massive,  of  dark 
coloured  gold,  with  a  large  sapphire  in  it.  For  exactly  200  years  it 
has  been  in  the  keeping  of  the  English  nuns  at  Paris,  highly  valued  by 
them — "  because,"  as  the  reverend  Mother  wrote  me  in  October,  1848, 
"  it  came  to  us  from  our  holy  and  venerated  founder,  as  a  legacy  to  his 
dear  children,  and  as  such  we  treasure  it  doubly."  A  few  months  ago, 
however,  they  consented  to  part  with  it,  and  it  is  now  the  property  of 
St.  Cuthbert's  College,  Ushaw,  Durham. 

A  question  may  naturally  be  raised — Is  this  the  ring  that  St.  Cuth- 
bert  received  at  his  consecration,  and  with  which  he  would  be  buried  at 
his  decease  in  687  ?  We  do  not  find  mention  of  a  ring,  but  we  may 
not  doubt  his  being  buried  with  one.  Anglo-Saxon  bishops  wore  the 
ring,  and  were  buried  with  it.  For  in  the  three  Anglo-Saxon  pontificals 
now  in  France — (two  at  Paris  and  one  at  Eouen) — the  pontifical  ring 
is  especially  mentioned  by  the  rubrics  at  the  consecration  of  a  bishop. 
And  at  the  beginning  of  the  1 3th  century,  when  the  grave  of  a  bishop, 
supposed  to  be  St.  Birinus,  was  opened  in  Dorchester  church,  near 
Oxford,  among  other  things  a  ring  was  found. 

Or  would  this  ring  have  been  put  upon  the  body  of  St.  Cuthbert, 
when  it  was  dis-interred  eleven  years  afterwards,  i  e.  A.D.  698,  at  the 
time  of  his  canonization  ?  A  new  robe  was  on  this  occasion  put  on  the 
body  in  the  place  of  one  removed,  but  there  is  no  mention  of  a  ring  :  at 
the  same  time  they  took  away  the  face-cloth  from  off  his  head,  cut  off  a 
portion  of  the  hair,  and  exchanged  the  sandals  on  his  feet  for  others  of 
greater  value. 

1  Hist.  Eccles.  Angl.,  p.  105. 


68  ST.  CUTHBERT' S  RING. 

Or  again,  might  not  this  ring  have  been  put  into  the  coffin  of  St. 
Cuthbert,  when  it  was  opened  and  the  body  examined  on  the  occasion 
of  its  translation  into  the  new  cathedral  at  Durham,  A.D.  1104  ?  Though 
the  hands  were  examined  at  the  re-interment,  no  ring  is  spoken  of. 

It  can  only  be  a  matter  of  conjecture  whether  this  ring  had  been  worn 
by  St.  Cuthbert  during  his  life  time,  or  had  been  buried  with  him  at  any 
of  the  dates  named,  *.  e.  A.D.  687  or  689  or  1104.  Some  have  been  led* 
to  suppose  that  the  rings  of  Anglo  Saxon  bishops  were  graven  to  be  used 
as  seals.  And  the  Anglo- Saxon^pontifical  at  Rouen,  and  St.  Dunstan's  at 
Paris,  both  have — "  cum  annulus  datur  Jicec  oratio  dicitur :  "  Accipe  ergo 
annulumdiscretionis  et  honoris,  fidei  signum,  ut  qua3  signanda  suntsignes, 
et  quse  aperienda  sunt  prodas  &c."  Arguments  may  be  advanced  in 
favour  of  each  of  these  dates. 

In  all  probability,  it  will  ever  remain  an  open  question — -whether  this 
ring  was  received  by  the  Saint  when  he  was  consecrated  bishop,  or  was 
worn  by  him  during  his  life  time,  or  was  made  or  procured  for  his  burial 
in  the  year  687,  or  for  either  of  the  interments  in  698  or  1104.  An 
opinion,  without  any  very  satisfactory  reason  to  back  it,  can  be  of  little 
value ;  but,  if  I  were  to  form  an  opinion,  it  would  be  in  favour  of  the  date 
A.D.  698. 

C.  E. 


69 


THE   TENURES  OP   MIDDLETON   ST.   GEORGE,   AND  SOME 
ACCOUNT  OE  THE  HOUSE  OF  KILLINGHALL. 

WHEN  the  wapentake  of  Sadberge  was  granted  by  Richard  the  First  to 
Bishop  Pudsey,  the  services  of  certain  holders  of  knights'  fees  therein 
were  included  by  express  mention,  probably  with  a  view  to  prevent  the 
claims  to  the  important  military  services  of  Brus  and  Baliol  which, 
after  all,  were  pertinaciously  laid  by  the  succeeding  Bishops  of  Durham. 
The  services  granted  were  few  in  number,  those  of  the  Carrow  family 
for  Seaton  and  Owton,  of  the  Amundevilles  for  Coatham  and  Trafford, 
and  "the  service  of  the  son  of  Godfrey  Baard  and  his  heirs  for  a  fee  of 
two  parts  of  one  knight's  fee  for  Midelton  and  for  Hertburn." 

This  last  service  demands  our  attention  in  connection  with  the 
family  of  the  Killinghalls,  concerning  whom  our  valued  member  and  the 
quarterer  of  their  ancient  coat,  Robert  Henry  Allan,  Esq.,  of  the  now 
classic  seat  of  Blackwell  Grange,  has  submitted  the  documents  which 
are  incorporated  with  this  memoir. 

Although,  owing  to  some  convenient  arrangement,  a  Baard  appears  in 
Richard's  charter  of  1189  as  sole  owner  of  the  two -thirds,  he  was  not 
so  beneficially.  The  tenure  seems  to  have  comprised  the  whole  parish 
of  Middleton  St.  George,  which  was  divided  into  two  great  portions : 
Nether  Middleton  (or  Middleton  St.  George  proper)  with  West  Hart- 
burn  ;  and  Over  Middleton  or  Middleton-on-the-Raw.  Each  of  these 
portions  represented  one-third  of  a  knight's  fee. 

0  VER  MIDDLETON,  held  by  ONE-THIHD  or  A  FEE,  was  from  the 
earliest  times  the  possession  of  the  House  of  Surtees.  The  Black  Book 
of  the  Exchequer  mentions  that  in  1166  William  Eitz-Siward,  their 
ancestor,  held  Gosforth  and  half  of  Mileton  by  one  knight's  fee.  That 
Miletonis  an  error  for  Middleton  is  evident  from  the  circumstance  that, 
in  1241,  the  component  parts  of  this  knight's  fee  are  stated  to  be,  Gos- 
ford  by  two  parts  of  a  fee,1  and  a  third  of  a  knight's  fee  in  the  wapen- 

1  In  13  John,  Gosford  was  held  by  half  a  fee  of  the  old  feoffment.  Surtees,  iii., 
234.  The  Surtees  family  occurs  in  the  Pipe  Rolls  of  Northumberland  as  holding 
two  parts  of  a  fee. 


70        THE  TENURE  OF  MIDDLETON  ST.  GEORGE, 

take  of  Sadberge.2  In  confirmation  of  this,  the  holding  of  one-third  in 
barony  by  Surtees  in  the  wapentake  between  1208  and  1214,3  and  in 
the  time  of  Bishop  Beke,  is  given  in  the  Testa  de  Nevil  and  the  Feodary 
published  by  Mr.  Surtees  in  the  Appendix  to  his  General  History.  It 
was  not  Dinsdale,4  for  that  manor  was  not  holden  in  capite,  but  of  the 
Baliol  fee ;  yet  it  may  often,  from  its  vicinity,  have  been  popularly  con- 
founded with  Dinsdale,  for  Mr.  Surtees  states  that  it  does  not  appear 
as  an  integral  manor  until  the  Inquisition  after  the  death  of  Sir  Thomas 
Surtees  in  1434,5  an  expression  which  militates  against  his  enumeration 
elsewhere  of  the  manor  as  the  possession  of  Sir  Thomas,  who  died  in 
in  1379.6  That  the  Surteeses,  notwithstanding  this  confusion,  or  the 
leasing  out  of  the  beneficial  interest,  were  still  the  tenants  in  capite,  is 
proved  by  the  license  of  Bishop  Bury  (1333-1345)  to  Sir  Thomas  Sur- 
teys  to  settle  the  reversion  of  a  messuage  and  6  acres  in  the  vill  which 
Eichard  Fitz-Robert  and  his  children  held  for  life.  In  14347  Sir  Tho- 
mas Surtees  died-seized  of  the  whole  vill  of  Over  Middleton,  then  held 
by  a  money  payment  of  4s.  6d.,  and  of  Pountes  Mill,  which  stood  near 
a  most  ancient  bridge  across  the  Tees  at  Middleton.  The  name  of 
Pounteys  is  probably  an  exact  translation  of  the  Latin  Super  Teysam 
and  French  Surteys,  and  in  this  way  we  have  a  place  opposite  the  old 
ford  at  Nesham,  called  in  the  Clervaux  Cartulary  "  Eryome  a  Poun- 
tesse."  8  There  was  a  family  called  "De  Puntayse,"  which  was  con- 
nected with  that  of  Bowes.9  The  manor  (except  Pountees  Mill,  which, 
from  the  expression  in  1434,  was  hardly  part  of  it,  and  went  to  the 
heiress  of  the  whole  blood  of  Surtees)  continued  in  the  male  line  of 
Surtees  until  the  last  male  sold  it  in  1598.10 

NETHER  MIDDLETON  and    WEST  HARTBTTRN,  also  held 
by  ONE-THIKD  or  A  FEE,  was,  in  very  early  times,  divided  into  moieties, 

2  Sur.  iii.,  234. 

3  The  Testa  de  Nevil  seems  to  speak  of  the  Sadberge  fees  in  the  vacancy  after  Bp. 
Philip's  death. 

4  Nor  Morton,  for  the  three  carucates  there  are  separately  enumerated, 
s  Vol.  iii.,  225.  6  j^d.  231. 

7  In  1417  John  Killinghall  was  subtenant,  and  held  of  Surtees  four  messuages  and 
eight  oxgangs  in  Over-Middleton. 

8  Mr.  Surtees  inclines  to  the  synonym  of  Pons  Teyse  applied  to  the  Bridge  as  the 
true  origin  of  the  word,  treating  the  contemporary  Pons  de  Pountays  as  a  mere  redupli- 
cation. 

9  Hist.  Darlington,  Ixiv. 

10  Once  for  all,  the  statements  without  references  are  from  our  county  historians. 
I  have  tried  to  put  them  into  something  like  order.     Those  who  wish  to  see  the 
tenures  and  constitution  of  Durham  methodized  would  heartily  thank  the  Surtees 
Society  for  a  grave  abstract  of  the  Durham  Inquisitiones  post  mortem. 


AND  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  KILLINGHALL.      71 

or  sixth  parts  of  a  fee.  It  appears  from  the  Black  Book  that  in  1166 
GODFREY  BAIARD  held  the  moiety  of  one-third  of  a  fee,  by  partition  be- 
tween two  sisters,  one  of  whom  seems  to  have  been  his  wife.  His  one- 
sixth  became  the  Bart  moiety,  descending  to  his  family  of  that  ortho- 
graphy and  to  the  First  House  of  Killinghall.  The  other  moiety  was 
in  1166  held  in  right  of  the  other  sister  by  another  person  of  the  same 
family  name,  ROLAND  BAARD.U  The  division  extended  through  both 
the  vills  of  Nether  Middleton  and  "West  Hartburn,12  and,  from  a  gift  of 
land  in  the  latter  place  to  Pountees  Bridge,  it  appears  that  WALTER  DE 
CADAMO  (Caen,  Came)  purchased  from  Roland  fitz-Pagan,  who,  we  may 
suppose,  is  the  same  person  as  Eoland  Baiard,  and  it  seems  likely 
enough  that  Godfrey  and  he  took  the  name  of  Baiard  in  right  of  their 
sister-wives.  But  Came  seems  only  to  have  purchased  one-half  of  Eo- 
land's  sixth  part.13  Consequently,  in  the  Testa  de  Nevil,  Walter  de 
Kain  occurs  as  holding  one-twelfth  part  only  in  barony;  the  other 
twelfth  part  being  held  in  barony  by  EGBERT  DE  MIDDLETON. u 

This  twelfth  part  belonging  to  Middleton  is  never  expressed  as  part 
of  the  manor  of  Nether  Middleton  and  "West  Hartburn15  (which  in  prac- 
tice was  considered  to  be  composed  of  three  parts,  two  belonging  to  Bart 
and  one  to  Came),  nor  did  it  participate  in  the  Eectory  which  was  di- 
vided between  Bart  and  Came.  It  must  therefore  be  sought  for  as  a 
separate  manor,  or  as  part  of  some  larger  one  in  its  neighbourhood.16 
Two  possessions  of  Surtees  seem  to  answer  the  enquiry.  One  was 
Stodhoo,  a  manor  of  which,  in  1511,  Thomas  Surtees  had  two  parts. 
It  is  north  of  Dinsdale,  but  was  of  a  radically  distinct  tenure,  being 
held  of  the  Baron  of  Greystock  and  not  of  the  Honour  of  Barnardcastle. 
But,  as  it  is  situate  in  Dinsdale  parish  and  not  Middleton,  and,  in  the 
closes  contiguous  to  it,  the  tenants  of  Over  and  not  Nether  Middleton 
had  intercommon,  it  is  more  probable  Middle  ton's  twelfth  was  the  estate 
of  Pountees,  which,  though  not  included  in  Over  Middleton,  is  in  the 
parish  of  Middleton.  Its  tenure  is  quite  an  anomaly,  and  seems  to 
point  to  a  possession  by  Amundeville  after  Eobert  Middleton.  County 

11  Godfrey  Bayard  and  Holland  Bayard  are  witnesses  to  an  early  Surtees  charter  of 
Bishop  Pudsey's  time. — Sur.,  hi.,  393. 

12  And,  apparently,  to  Urlaw  Close  in  Egglescliffe  or  Long  Newton. 

13  In  1197,  Roland  Baard's  son  paid  13s.  4d.  towards  Pudsey's  debt  to  the  crown. 

14  In  1264,  "Rauffde  Middleton  a  Petit  Halghton"  occurs  in  the  list  of  knights 
present  at  the  Battle  of  Lewes. 

15  Yet  it  was  such,  and  accounts  for  the  one-sixth  of  Bart  being  occasionally  called 
a  half  of  the  manor. 

16  Unless  these  are  the  lands  held  by  the  Surteeses  in  Nether  Middleton  under  the 
other  owners  by  an  arrangement. 


72        THE  TENURE  OF  MIDDLETON  ST.  GEORGE. 

Flatt,  which  no  doubt  was  close  to  County-lane  (the  representative  of 
the  old  Roman  road  from  Pountees  Bridge),  was  held  by  a  younger 
Surtees  in  1385,  of  the  manor  of  Trafford,  and  in  1387  his  representa- 
tives came  into  court  and  acknowledged  that  Counts  flat17  parcel  of  that 
manor  was  held,  not  of  Tempest  (then  Lord  of  Trafford),  but  of  the 
Bishop.  The  secret  of  all  this  was,  that  the  Amundeville  fee  consisted 
of  Coatham  and  Trafford :  that  the  Bishop  had,  by  grant  of  one  of  the 
owners  of  Coatham,  become  direct  superior  of  those  who  held  of  it,  and 
that  Trafford  itself,  which  had  gone  a  different  channel,  was  held  by 
suit  of  court  at  Coatham.  There  were,  probably,  special  reasons,  in  the 
case  of  Pountees,  for  considering  it  as  held  directly  of  the  manor  of 
Coatham,  for  the  main  line  of  Surtees  held  lands,  perhaps  by  the  same 
title,  at  Coatham.  It  is  needless  to  enlarge  on  the  Pountees  lands. 
Their  extent  is  unknown,  and  they  were  subdivided  among  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Surtees  race.  County  Flatt,  before  1 509,  had  been  acquired 
by  the  First  House  of  Killinghall,  was  still  stated  to  be  in  Trafford, 
and,  as  such,  was,  in  1569,  alienated  with  the  Bart  portion  of  Nether- 
Middleton. 

The  advowson  o  Middleton  is  frequently  mentioned  in  connection 
with  the  Bart  and  Came  shares,  and  the  arrangement  concerning  it  is 
very  singular,  and  must  have  been  come  to  at  an  early  period,  as  "  John 
and  William,  Parsons  of  Middleton,"  are  witnesses  to  a  charter  in  the 
time  of  Bishop  Philip.18  There  were  two  rectors  or  portionaries.  One 
was  appointed  by  the  owners  of  Bart's  sixth,  and  had  a  complete  sine- 
cure, "  ab  omni  onere  liberam  et  immunem,  nomine  Personatus:"  the 
other  by  those  of  Game's  twelfth,  who  had  all  the  parochial  cure  of 
souls,  "  cum  omni  cura  et  onere,  nomine  vicarice  in  Ecclesia  de  Midleton 
George,"  This  partition  of  revenues  between  an  idle  Parson,19  and  an 
industrious  Vicar,  was  confirmed  by  Bishop  Kellaw  in  1312. 

THE  BART  FEE.— GODFREY  BAIAED,  as  we  have  seen,  held  one- 
sixth  of  a  fee  in  1166,  and  his  son's  service  for  a  fee  of  two  parts  of  a 
knight's  fee  for  Midelton  and  for  Hartburn  is  given  to  Bishop  Pudsey 
by  Eichard's  grant  of  Sadberge,20  a  tenure,  as  already  explained,  which 

17  Can  this  be  the  Morkarflatt  near  Pountees  in  an  early  Surtees  charter  ?  and  was 
the  Count  the  well  known  Earl  Morkar  ?    Countyford  is  called  Countesworth  in  1594. 

18  Sur.,  iii.,  229. 

19  Yet  there  is,  says  Surtees,  a  tradition  of  some  religious  establishment  having 
stood  in  the  grounds  of  Low  Middleton,  where  a  handsome  cross  (reported  to  have 
been  brought  from  Nesham  Abbey)  stands.     The  story  "possibly  refers  to  some  do- 
mestic oratory,  which  the  owners  of  the  lay  or  portionary  rectory  might  very  probably 
maintain." 

20  Hist.  Tres.  Dunelm.  lx.,  Ixii. 


AND  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  KILLINGHALL.       73 

included  the  other  holdings  in  the  parish  omitted  by  name  in  the  char- 
ter. In  1197  RALPH  BAARD,  probably  the  son  in  question,  paid  40s. 
towards  Bishop  Pudsey's  debt  to  the  crown,  by  some  arrangement,  and 
not  because  he  was  owner  in  the  wapentake,  for  the  list  of  payments  is 
made  up  of  very  heterogeneous  items.  The  list  of  Sadberge  fees  in  the 
Testa  de  Neville  (1208-1214)  gives  the  old  tenure  of  one-sixth  in  ba- 
rony for  Ralph  Baard ;  and  about  this  time  there  were  two  persons  of 
the  name,  one  of  Middleton,  the  other  of  Hartburn.21  In  131222  ano- 
ther RALPH  BART  held  the  sinecure  portion  of  the  advowson,  and  in 
1320  ROWLAND  BART'S  death  transmitted  half28  the  manor  to  his  son 
RALPH  BART.  The  military  tenure  had  disappeared,  and  this  portion 
was  now  held  by  suit  at  the  Wapentake  Court  and  25.  3<£.  In  1345 
RICHARD  BARD  of  West  Hartburne  gives  a  title  of  5  marks  to  an  ecclesi- 
astic for  ordination.24  In  1364,  the  same  names  occur,  another  ROWLAND 
giving  place  to  another  RALPH  for  the  same  holding.  He  was  still 
owner  in  1367,  Goceline  Surteys  then  holding  some  of  his  lands  in  "West 
Hartburn  under  him  by  5s.  Qd.,  but  he  had  ceased  to  be  so  in  1379, 
when  Sir  Thomas  Surteys  held  them  under  "WILLIAM  DE  WALWORTH. 

This  personage  was  a  knight,  as  appears  by  Hatfield's  Survey, 
wherein  he  occurs  as  holder  of  lands  at  Haughton  le  Skerne.  He 
seems  to  have  been  no  other  than  the  redoubtable  Lord  Mayor  of  Lon- 
don, who  turned  the  tide  of  rebellion  in  1381,  was  knighted  on  the 
occasion,  and  in  the  same  year  was  appointed  an  executor  of  the  will  of 
Bishop  Hatfield,  for  whom  he  had  perhaps  acted  as  sheriff  in  1356. 
Mr.  Greenwell  thinks  that  Hatfield's  Survey  was  not  compiled  until 
after  the  death  of  the  prelate  from  whom  it  receives  its  name.  The 
collection  of  materials  for  it  was  not  made  until  between  1377  and  1380, 
so  that  the  formal  drawing  up  would  not  be  made  until  perhaps  1382 
or  1383.  The  Middletons  and  Hartburne  are  only  mentioned  in  this 
way: — "De  warda  castri  de  Middelton  St.  George  et  Over  Myddel- 
ton  ad  festum  Pascha3  9s."  The  Lord  Mayor,  by  his  will  in  1385,  for- 
gave the  convent  of  Durham  100  marks  on  condition  that  they  prayed 
for  the  soul  of  himself  and  John  Lovekyn.25  His  name  appears  among 
those  of  his  relatives  in  the  Durham  Book  of  Life,  and  his  arms,  Gules, 
a  bend  raguly  Argent  between  two  garbs  Or,26  adorned  the  cloister  of 
St.  Cuthbert's  Cathedral. 

21  Vide  Surtees'  charter,  Surtees'  Dur.,  iii.  229. 

22  In  the  preceding  interval  we  may  perhaps  rank  the  name  of  "William  Baardt,  who 
is  inscribed  in  the  Durham  Book  of  Life,  in  a  hand  of  the  13th  century. 

23  Correct,  taking  Middleton' s  twelfth  into  account. 

24  Reg.  Epi.  Dunelm.  26  Excepta  Historica. 

26  Glover's  Ordinary.  Stew's  London.  Sir  William  was  a  fishmonger.  In  the 
Archseologia,  vol.  30,  there  is  an  interesting  paper  by  J.  G.  Nichols,  Esq.,  on  the  in- 

L 


74 


THE  TENURES  OF  MIDDLETON  ST.  GEORGE, 


That  the  knight  was  a  relative  of  the  previous  owners  of  Middleton, 
is  evident  from  the  will  of  the  only  relative  of  his  own  name  whom  he 
mentions,  Master  THOMAS  WALWOETH,  his  brother,  who  was  a  legatee 
of  his  plate,  books,  &c.  This  Thomas,  who  was  a  canon  of  York,  was  an 
executor  in  1401  to  his  cousin  Master  William  W'alleworth,  rector  of 
Haughton  le  Skerne,27  and  by  his  own  will,  dated  1409,  left  to  his 
sister  Agnes  a  gilt  piece  which  formerly  belonged  to  Sir  William  Wai- 
worth,  knight,  his  deceased  brother  \  to  William  Walleworth  his  cousin, 
40£.,  and  to  Thomas  Harde,  his  cousin,  40Z.28 

Neither  of  these  wills  contains  any  evidence  of  the  heirship  of  the  two 
brothers,  or  of  the  transmission  of  the  Durham  estates  of  the  Lord 
Mayor.  Eight  years  after  the  death  of  Thomas,  however,  we  find  the 
the  Bart  fee  in  the  hands  of  JOHN  KELYNGHALL,  whose  relationship  to- 
them  seems  certain,  by  the  fact  that  his  descendants  placed  their  own 
paternal  arms  in  the  background,  through  the  general  adoption  of  the  coat 
worn  by  the  Lord  Mayor.  The  persons  named  as  in  relationship  are 
briefly  given  below,  and  in  such  a  ragged  pedigree  we  dare  not  even 
guess  the  probable  place  of  the  Kelynghalls,  the  inheritors  of  the  land 
and  arms. 


William  Je  Walleworthe,  grantee,  about  1314,  of 'and  in  Darlington,  —  Margery,  grantee  with 
from  John  fit/  William  fitz  JBenet,  of  that  place  her  husband. 

• L -i 

Emma. 


William  de  Walle- 
worde,  son  of  Wil- 
liam, 1320,  when  he 
had  a  grant  from 
John  Benette.  Inn. 
p  ra.  8  Hatf.  1353. 


Olive,  Inn.  p.m.  14 
Hatf.  1358  or  59. 
Died  seized  of  two 
mess,  and  four  ox- 
gangs  at  Great 
Burdon.  , 


•„•  Richard  de  Walle- , 
worth,  named  with  his    j 
wife  and  sons  before  Sir 
Wm.   Walleworth,  in    | 
Durham  Book  of  Life.     I 


Walle- 
worth. 


Thomas   de=p..  Maslcr  Wil- 

Walleworth  Ham  Walle- 

son  &  heir.  worth,   Rec- 

Born     circ.  tor  of  Hangh 

1328.    Aged  ton  le  Skerne 

21.1859.  In  Will  dated  & 

1367thepro-  proved  May, 

perty  which  1401.     To  be 

he    heired  buried  before 

from     his  St.  Nicholas' 

mother,    at  altar,     Yoik 

Eurdon,  be-  Cathedral, 

longed     to  Mentions  his 

Goceline  cousin     and 

Surteys.  servant  Ric. 
Hall. 


Sir     * 
John 
Walle- 
worth, 
and 
Peter 
Walle- 
worth. 


Cath- 
erine, 
1385. 


Cecily, 
dead 
1385, 
leav- 
ing 5 
daughters, 


Qu.  the 
heiresa 
of  Bard. 


Agues,  = 


f385 
and 
1409. 


William  Wai-  Margaret,  men- 

worthe.cou-  tioned  1401  and 

sin   to  Mas-  1409,  and  at  the 

ter  Thomas,  latterdatepreg- 

1409.  nant. 


Agnes  de  Aclom,  spinster,  cousin  to  Master 
Thomas  Walleworth, 1409. 


....     Sir  William  Walle- 

Sal-       worthe,  of  London, 

ford  Fishmonger  and 
Alderman,  Lord 
Mayor  1381.  Will 
1385.  =Margaret; 
she  had  a  sister 
Joan,  who  was  maried  to  John  Oliver, 
and  had  issue  by  him,  William  and 
Alice,  which  Alice  resided  with  Wai- 
worth  in  1385. 

Master  Thomas  Walleworth,  Canon  of 
York  and  Rector  of  Hemmingburgh  ; 
mentioned  1385  and  1401.  Will  1 
Aug.  1409.  To  be  buried  in  the  enclo- 
sure of  B.V-  Mary,  near  Archbishop 
Scrope's  tomb  in  York  Minster. 

Robert      Peter  Salford,  kins- 
de  man  to  Sir  Willi- 

Acclome,      am  Wall  worth. 
1401.        Nigel.  Joan. 

Margery. 


Wil- 

Atte 
Lee, 
1385 


Brothers  and  sisters, 
1409. 


WilliamAtte 

Lee. 
ThomasAtte 

Lee. 

Matilda. 
Juliana. 


fluence  of  the  amity  existing  between  the  companies  of  Goldsmiths  and  Fishmongers 

upon  the  arms  of  the  members  of  the  latter  in  the  14th  century.    Fishes  and  the 

leopards'  heads  of  the  assayers  are  blended  in  various  ways,  and  in  three  cases  in 

27  Test.  Ebor.  i.  279.  28  Test.  Ebor.  i.  353. 


AND  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  KILLINGHALL.       75 


Of  the  older  arms  of  Kelyrighall  we  shall  presently 
but  first  we  dispose  of  those  of  Walworth. 
They  were  borne   by   the   Killinghalls   in   different 
ways  ;  sometimes  in  their  original  form29 ;  sometimes 
with  three  garbs,  the  bend  going  over  all,  and  nearly 
hiding  one  of  the  garbs30 ;   at  others,  the  garbs  are 
three,  the  bend  being  between  them31 ;  and,  in  one 
instance, — an  oaken  shield,  in  Mr.  Allan'spos- 
ssesion32 — the  bearing  is  but  a  single  garb  to 
economise  space.      Glover  gives  a  variation 
for  Wayworthe,  a  bend  engrailed  between 
two  garbs  argent.33     It  may  be  added  that 
the  second  line  of  Killinghalls  held  the  pos- 
sessions  of  the  Benets   and  Walworths   in 
Hundon  and  Ness,34  (which  latter  estate  be- 
longs to  R.  H.  Allan,  Esq.)  at  Darlington. 
A  portion  of  these  may  have  been  purchased 
of  Lumley  in   1566,35    but  the  Killinghalls 
had  lands  at  Darlington  before  1503. 

The  name  of  Killinghall  or  Kelynghale  seems  to  point  unmistakeably 
to  Killinghall,  near  Ripley,  the  seat  of  the  Inglebys,  as  the  cradle  of  the 
race,36  and  it  is  a  coincidence  that,  at  its  first  appearance  in  the  palatin- 

5  Edw.  III.,  garbs  are  added.     Mr.  Nichols  observes  that  Walworth's  coat  had  garbs, 
and  suggests  that  an  alliance  with  the  Bakers  also  is  implied. 

One  thing  is  not  explained.  The  Fishmongers  (as  stated  in  the  paper)  anciently 
bore  dolphins  and  St.  Peter's  keys,  the  Stock-fishmongers  two  sea-lucies  or  stockfish 
in  saltire,  with  crowns  over  their  mouths,  and  the  two  companies  were  not  united 
till  1509.  There  was  an  impalement  of  dolphins  and  keys  with  the  arms  of  the  Gold-- 
smiths in  old  St.  Paul's.  Nevertheless,  in  the  combined  arms  given  by  Mr.  Nichols, 
the  fish  are  not  dolphins  but  lucies,  and,  in  one  case,  they  are  in  saltire,  exactly  as 
the  Stock-fishmongers  bore  them,  save  the  crowns.  We  believe  Sir  William  was  a 
Stock-fishmonger,  and  the  question  arises,  whether  these  old  coats  do  not  refer  to  an 
alliance  of  the  Goldsmiths  with  that  craft.  But  see  the  whole  paper.  The  subject 
appears  to  be  confused.  Stow  calls  the  two  companies  the  Stock-fishmongers  and  the 
Salt-fishmongers,  and  seems  to  speak  of  them  generally  as  Fishmongers.  He  calls 
Wai  worth  "the  glory  of  their  company." 

29  Seal  of  Margaret  Killinghall,  of  Middleton  St.  George,  widow,  1652  (Chaytor 
Archives) .     The  dictionaries  give  the  same  coat  for  Killinghall  of  Cumberland. 

30  Glover's  Ordinary.     J.  B.  Taylor's  copy. 

31  Latterly  this  was  the  usual  form,  and  it  was  so  allowed  by  the  Heralds  among 
the  Allan  quarterings. 

32  There  was  a  duplicate  in  the  Allan  Museum,  now  at  Newcastle. 

33  And  another  for  Walworth.    Sable,  a  bend  raguly  Argent  between  six  bszants  Or. 
3*  Vide  Hist.  Darlington.  35  Sur.  iii.  354. 

36  Agnes,  widow  of  Robert  de  Kelynghale,  in  good  circumstances,  made  her  will  at 
York  in  1414,  but  she  names  none  of  her  husband's  relatives. — (Test.  Ebor,  i.  373.J 
John  Kyllyngall  occurs  in  a  York  will  of  1406  as  vicar  of  Kirkby  Stephen. — (Test. 
Ebor.  342.^ 


76  THE  TENURES  OF  MIDDLETON  ST.  GEORGE, 

ate,  the  rich  rectory  of  Haughton  was  filled  by  Henry  de  Ingleby, 
(1354-1375)  a  prebendary  of  Darlington  and  divers  other  churches.  In 
1366  we  have  Thomas  de  Killinghall  among  the  Oxford  students  at  the 
expence  of  the  church  of  Durham37 ;  and  sometime  between  1338  and 
1374,  Master  John  Kyllinghall  witnesses  a  release  from  Marmaduke  de 
Lumley  in  the  Prior's  Chamber.38  John  de  Kyllynghall  appears  in 
Hatfield's  Survey  (circa  1380)  as  holding  Edmondsley,  a  messuage  and 
60  acres  at  Sadberge,  late  Eichard  Lelom's,  and  a  garden  on  the  outside 
of  Kyngsgate  (the  narrow  Dun  Cow  Lane),  Durham.  In  1385  he 
was  clerk  to  Bishop  Fordham's  justices  itinerant,39  In  1395  he 
had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  a  son  and  heir  to  his  legal  gains,  the 
mother  was  a  wealthy  widow,  suitable  to  a  lawyer  of  his  prudence. 
She  was  Agnes,  daughter  and  heiress  of  John  de  Herdwyk  (who  died 
dr.  1390),  and  widow  of  Gilbert  de  Hoton.  Killinghall  held  several 
estates  in  her  right  for  his  life,  and  in  1413  had  mounted  from  his 
clerkship  to  the  bench,  and  served  Cardinal  Langley  as  Justice  Itiner- 
ant.40 He  died  four  years  afterwards.  His  widow  survived  him,  and 
from  a  grant  in  1432,  she  seems  to  have  reassumed  the  name  of  Hoton.41 
Her  inheritance  went  to  her  issue  by  her  first  spouse,  and  the  Killing- 
halls  appear  to  have  taken  little  or  nothing  by  her, 
save  her  ancient  blood,  coheirship,  and  arms,  for  the 
quartering  of  Killinghall,  Or,  a  maunch  sable,  between 
three  martlets  (hirundines  ?J  Gules,  is  ascribed  to  her. 
The  maunch  alludes,  perhaps,  to  Conyers,  as  the 
Hotons  wore  three  trefoil  leaves  as  a  crest,  a  close  re- 
semblance to  that  of  Conyers  of  Hornby  and  Horden. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  in  1417  the  Justice  held  nine  messuages  in 
the  Bailey,  Durham,  by  Castle-ward,  viz.,  by  finding  an  archer  to  de- 
fend the  pass  of  Kyngesgate  in  time  of  war,  and  three  burgages  by  land- 
male,  &c.  He  also  held  the  manor  of  Nether  Middleton  of  the  Bishop 
by  9j$.,  considerable  property  in  Over  Middleton  of  Thomas  Surtees, 
and  the  manor  of  Graystanes  of  the  Bishop  as  of  his  manor  of  Gotham 
Mundeville  by  the  service  of  keeping  the  gaol  of  Sadberge.42 

37  He  occurs  as  such  in  the  rolls  of  Finchale  and  Holy  Island,  both  cells  contri- 
buting to  the  cost.     On  Easter  Eve,  1357,  he  was  ordained  an  acolyte,  and  in  1358 
a  subdeacon,  being  described  as  monk  of  Durham. — (Reg.  Epi.  Dwnelm.) 

38  Surtees,  ii.  104. 

39  Rot.  Fordham.     Hutch,  i.  316.      In  the  same  year,  John  Killinghall  and  John 
de  Egglescliffe  granted  one  moiety  of  the  manor  of  Sunderland  [by  the  Bridge!  to 
Sir  John  Nevile  of  Raby.— (Sur.  iv.,  \Ti.) 

40  Surtees,  iii.  221.  «  Sur.  iii.  33. 
42  See  Surtees,  iii.  274, 


AND  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  KILLINGHALL.       77 

His  son  JOHN  KELYNGHALL  (1417-1442)  had  in  his  father's  lifetime 
strengthened  his  hands  by  an  alliance  with  a  knightly  family,  Beatrix, 
sister  of  Sir  John  Clervaux  of  Croft,  knight,43  and  grandaughter  of  Sir  John 
Clervaux  of  Croft,  knight,  by  Beatrix,  daughter  of  Sir  John  de  Maule- 
verer,  being  the  lady,  who  bore  him  his  heir  about  1412.  His  arms  are 
given  as  Sable,  a  chevron  Or,44  between  three  kelynges 
Argent.46  But  what  was  a  kelynge  ?  The  reader  of 
Urquhart's  Rabelais  may  remember  that  the  soling  of 
Gargantua's  shoes  required  "  1 100  hides  of  brown  cows, 
shapen  like  the  tail  of  a  keeling" **  The  codfish  ap- 
pears to  be  meant.  "Keling  he  tok,  and  tumberel, 
hering  and  the  makerel." 4T  "  Morus,  a  hadok,  a  ke- 
lynge or  a  codlynge."  tt  At  the  great  inthronization  feast  of  Archbi- 
shop Neville,  1464,  there  were  served  "Kelyng,  codlyng,  and  hadocke 
boyled."  Of  course  the  pun  has  no  bearing  on  the  origin  of  the  name 
Kelynghall,  which  seems  to  be  cognate  to  Killingholm  in  Lincolnshire, 
and  Chillingham  in  Northumberland  (both  of  which  were  Cheveling- 
ham,  or  rather  perhaps  Cheuelingham),  and  to  many  other  similar  com- 
pounds. The  old  bearing  lingered  in  the  family  long  after  the  adoption 
of  the  Walworth  coat,  in  fact  to  the  last  days  of  the  second  house  of 
Killinghall,  appearing  on  the  seal  of  Robert  Killinghall,  Esq.,  in  1721, 
as  three  kelynges  in  pale.  The  same  variation  occurs  on  the  oaken 
shield  already  noticed  and  engraved ;  and  on  the  seal  of  John  Killing- 
hall,  who  died  in  1574,  we  shall  find  a  single  kelynge  used  as  a  device 
or  badge.  The  crest  of  a  cockatrice  appears  on  a  seal  of  a  Killinghall 
of  the  second  half  of  the  17th  century,  in  the  possession  of  Leonard 
Hartley,  Esq.,  and  on  the  plate  of  the  last  Robert  Killinghall,  which 
bears  the  assay  mark  of  1719,  and  belongs  to  Robert  Henry  Allan,  Esq., 
by  the  descent  hereinafter  mentioned. 

In  1434,  John  Kelynghall  presented  his  son  Robert  to  the  sinecure 

43  See  Test.  Ebor. 

44  In  a  drawing  of  this  coat  for  "  Henrie  Killinghall  of  Myddleton  Georg,  armiger  " 
in  a  roll  of  Durham  arms,  temp.  Eliz.,  belonging  to  the  Rev.  James  Eaine,  jun.,  the 
chevron  appears  to  be  Argent. 

45  Clervaux  Roll  Pedigree  at  Clervaux  Castle,  and  Harl.  MS.,  1540,  p.  163.      In  a 
catalogue  of  bearings  of  Yorkshire  families  from  a  MS.  belonging  to  Robert  Legard, 
Esq.,  Anlabie,  appended  to  Glover's  Visitation  (J.  B.  Taylor's  copy),  we  have  Sable  a 
chevron  Or  between  three  lances  of  the  second,  for  Killinghall. 

46  OzelTs  note  on  the  passages  says  that  the  Camb.  Diet,  explains  keeling  as  "what 
the  Latins  or  rather  the  Greeks  call  Salpa,  i.  e.  a  Stockfish.     Rather,  as  Cotgrave 
says,  a  kind  of  small  cod,  whereof  Stockfish  is  made."     Had  the  pun  not  been  very 
obvious,  another  allusion  to  "Walworth  the  Fishmonger  might  have  been  suspected. 
The  Killinghall  fishes  are  expressly  called  kelynges  by  the  Heralds. 

47  Havelock.  4e  See  Promptorium  Parvulorum   i.,  72,  210,  296. 


78  THE  TENURES  OF  MIDDLETON  ST.  GEORGE, 

rectory,  and  dying  in  1442,  was  succeeded  by  his  son  JOHN  KELYNGHALL 
(1442-1486),  of  Middleton  George,  Esq.,  whose  younger  son,  Eobert, 
stands  as  head  of  the  second  house  of  Killinghall.  His  son  Thomas  was 
born  about  1438,  and  in  1469,  he,  with  "William  Kelynghall,  of  Durham, 
Esq.,  and  Thomas  Kelynghall,  of  Egglescliffe,  Esq.,  probably  his  uncle 
and  his  own  son,  both  resident  on  the  family  estates,  entered  into  a 
bond  to  Richard  Alwent.  A  William  Kelynghall,  gent.,  was  a  witness 
to  a  sanctuary  claim  at  Durham  in  1484. 

This  John  died  seized49  of  140  acres  called  West  Hartburne  ly 
Knight's  service,  so  that  the  the  money  payment  of  1320  had  given  way 
to  the  old  tenure. 

THOMAS  KELYNGHALL  (1486-1493)  was  succeeded50  by  his  son  HUGH 
KELYNGHALL,51  who  was  a  sanctuary  witness  at  Durham  in  1490,  and 
died  in  June,  1509,  leaving  a  widow,  Elizabeth.  The  inquest  after  his 
death  comprises  property  at  Nether  Middleton,  Middleton  George,  Cunt- 
flatt,  Trafford,  Middleton  a  raw,  Durham,  Gateshead,  West  Hartburne, 
Graystones,  Fawlees,52  Brickclose,  Wolsingham,  Huntley  Field,  Stan- 
hopp.53 

WILLIAM  KELYNGHALL,  Esq.,  of  Nether  Middleton,  bom  about  1494, 
succeeded.  His  wife  Eleanor  was  a  widow  in  1526,  and  his  will  from 
Mr.  Allan's  archives  shows  the  whole  status  of  the  house  five  years  be- 
fore that  time,  with  an  uncle  Christopher  and  sister  Elizabeth,  who 
are  new  to  genealogists. 

To  ALL  TEEU  CftiSTEN  MEN  to  whome  this  my  deide  and  last  will  shall 
come  I  William  Kelyngale  of  Midilton  George  in  the  Countie  of  Dur- 
esme  esquyer  sendis  gretyng  in  oure  Lorde  God  everlastyng.  WHEREAS 
I  the  said  William  Kelyngale  by  my  deide  dated  the  eight  day  of  May 
in  the  thirten  yere  of  the  [1521]  reigne  of  oure  sovereigne  lorde  Kyng 
Henry  the  eight  have  inffeoffed  William  Eure,  knyght,  Robert  Bowes, 
Marmaduke  Surteys,  esquyers,  John  Surteis,  clerk,  Christoler  Kelyng- 
ale and  Christofer  Conyers  gentilmen  off  and  in  tbe  maner  of  Midilton 

^A  small  estate  at  Brafferton,  and  Urlaw  Flatt  at  Egglescliffe,  occur  in  his  In- 
quisition. The  latter,  we  presume,  is  at  the  modern  Early  Nook. 

50  Isabella  his  wife,  who  stands  as  mother  to  his  heir,  occurs  1479-80.     Cecily  was 
his  widow. 

51  "Margery,  sister  of  Hugh  Killinghall,"  married  Ralph  Bransby,  of  Birdforth, 
about  this  time. — (Glovers  Visit.,  Yorkshire.} 

53  Way  decreed  between  Fawleeze  and  Killinghall-birk. — Liber  Cancell.  Dunelm. 
D.  fo.  7.  (temp.  Eliz.  et  Jacobi.)— J.  J.  Wilkinson's  MSS.  xi.,  174. 

53  Old  Catalogue  of  inquests  found  in  the  Exchequer  of  Durham,  1856.  Urlaw  is, 
in  this  Inquisition,  and  that  on  the  death  of  William,  1527,  we  believe,  said  to  be  in 
Long  Newton.— (See  Surtees,  iii.,  213.)  It  was  perhaps  considered  appurtenant  to 
vyest  Hartburn,  and  shared  in  its  division,  for  it  occurs  in  the  younger  line  of  Kil- 
linghall in  1541,  but  the  tenure  would  be  of  Castle  Barnard,  if  it  was  in  Long 
Newton. 


AND  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  KILLINGHALL.       79 

George  and  of  and  in  all  and  singuler  the  landes  tenementes  rentes 
revercions  and  services  in  Midilton  George  afforeseid,  West  Hertburn, 
Graistayns,  Eglyscliffe,  Brafferton,  Over  Midilton,  Midilton  in  Teasdale, 
Durham,  Gateshed,  and  elles  where  within  the  Bishopbrige  of  Dur- 
esme  :  and  also  of  and  in  all  my  landes  and  tenementes  in  the  town  of 
Newcastell  uppon  Tyne ;  and  Cramlyngton  in  the  cotmtie  of  Northum- 
berland :  and  also  of  and  in  all  my  landes  and  tenements  in  West- 
rungton  [West  Rounton]  and  Over  Ditensale  in  the  countie  of  Yorke 
to  and  for  the  use  and  entent  that  my  last  will  may  therof  be  fulfilled 
and  performed  as  by  my  seid  deide  more  playnly  doith  appere  KNOW 
THEY  ME  the  afforseid  William  Kelyngale  by  this  my  present  deide  to 
haiife  esspecified  and  declared  my  last  will  of  and  in  my  seid  maner'and 
other  landes  and  tenementes  in  my  seid  deide  conteigned  in  maner  and 
forme  as  followith  First  I  will  that  my  seid  feoffes  stand  and  be  seased 
of  and  in  my  seid  maner  of  Midilton  George  and  all  the  other  landes 
and  tenementes  afforseid  to  the  use  of  me  the  seid  William  Kelyngale 
for  terme  of  my  lyffe  naturall  and  duryng  the  seid  terme  suffer  me  the 
seid  William  peaseably  and  withoute  interupcion  to  take  and  perceyve 
the  issues  and  profites  therof  and  immediately  after  my  discesse  I  will 
that  my  seid  feoffes  stand  and  be  seassed  of  and  in  all  my  landes  and 
tenementes  in  Eglisclyff  and  Brafferton',  Midilton'  in  Teasdale,  Dur- 
ham, and  Gateshed  within  the  Bishopbrige  of  Duresme,  and  West- 
rungton  in  the  countie  of  York  to  the  use  and  behove  of  Elynore  my 
wiffe  duryng  hir  naturall  lyffe  in  full  recompence  and  satisfaccion  of 
hir  joyntor  and  dower  to  hir  of  right  belongyng  of  and  in  all  the  seid 
maner  landes  and  tenementes  and  every  parte  and  parcell  therof  iffe 
che  so  list  to  accept  it  and  if  che  will  nott  so  accept  it  than  I  will  that 
my  seid  feoffes  stand  and  be  seased  therof  to  the  perfourmance  of  this 
my  will  and  than  my  seid  wiffe  to  have  hir  joyntor  and  dower  as  the 
law  will  assign e  hir  in  favorable  maner  [fi&  Also  I  will  that  my  seid 
feoffes  suffer  Elizabeth  my  suster  and  hir  assign es  to  take  and  perceyve 
yerly  xli.  of  the  issues  and  profites  of  my  landes  and  tenementes  in 
West  Hartburn'  to  such  tyme  as  che  or  hir  assignes  shall  therof 
resceyve  the  somme  of  eight  score  poundes  to  and  for  the  preferment 
of  hir  mariage  and  hir  fynding,  erased  ly  the  testator']  And  also  I 
will  that  my  seid  feoffes  suffer  Christofer  Kelyngale  myne  unkill 
to  take  and  perceyve  of  the  issues  and  profites  of  my  landes 
and  tenementes  in  Graistayns  xlyjs.  viijd.  yerly  duryng  his  lyffe 
And  also  I  will  that  my  seid  feoffes  shall  take  and  perceyve 
the  residue  of  all  the  issues  and  profites  of  all  my  landes  and 
tenementes  in  Hartburn'  and  Graistaynes  to  and  for  the  sustenta- 
cion  and  salary  of  an  honest  preste  which  I  will  shall  sing  for  the 
sawles  of  me  myn  auncestors  and  heires  in  the  parish  e  church  of 
Midilton  George  by  the  space  of  seven  yeres  next  after  my  deathe 
perceyving  yerly  for  his  salary  vij  markes.  Also  I  will  that  my  seid 
feoffes  shall  suffer  Eobert  Thomson  my  servant  to  take  of  the  issues 
and  profites  of  my  landes  and  tenementes  in  Over  Ditensale  xxs.  yerly 
duryng  his  liffe.  And  also  I  will  that  my  seid  feoffes  suffer  Richerd 
Henryson  to  take  and  perceyve  of  the  issues  and  profites  of  the  seid 


80        THE  TENURES  OF  MIDDLETON  ST.  GEORGE, 

landes  in  Over  Ditensale  xx$.  yerly  duryng  his  liffe.  And  if  Elioner 
my  wiffe  aftir  my  deth  refusse  suche  dower  as  I  haiffe  by  this  will 
assigned  to  hir  and  take  hir  dower  by  the  comen  lawe  so  that  therby 
any  person  or  persons  to  whome  I  haiffe  assigned  any  profite  by  this 
my  will  can  nott  have  the  full  profites  therof  Than  I  will  that  every 
suche  person  or  persons  shall  take  of  the  issues  and  profites  of  such 
landes  as  I  haiffe  assigned  by  this  will  for  my  wiffe  dower  so  myche 
yerly  as  they  shal  be  mynished  by  hir  dower  assigned  by  the  comen 
law.  And  if  at  the  tyme  of  my  deth  my  goodes  and  catalles  be  not  of 
sufficiaunt  valew  to  pay  all  my  dettes  and  my  legaces  conteigned  in  my 
testement  Than  I  will  that  my  seid  feoffes  shall  take  the  issues  and 
profites  of  all  my  landes  and  tenementes  not  by  fore  assigned  by  this  my 
will  to  such  tyme  as  they  shall  therof  content  and  pay  the  remanent  of 
my  dettes  and  legaces  wherunto  my  goodes  will  nott  extend  And  this  my 
affor  reherced  will  I  notifie  and  declare  to  my  seid  feoffes  to  be  my  last 
will  and  all  other  writtynges  or  cedulles  conteynyng  any  will  heretofore 
to  be  made  by  me  I  revoke  and  renounce  to  be  my  deide  And  this  my 
last  will  of  my  landes  I  desire  my  seid  feoffes  by  way  of  charitie  to  se 
performed  And  what  coste  that  they  or  any  of  theym  shall  haiffe  in 
and  abowte  the  perfourmyng  therof  I  will  it  be  borne  of  the  issues  and 
profites  of  my  seid  landes  And  after  this  my  will  performed  I  will  my 
seid  feoffes  stand  and  be  seased  of  all  the  seid  maner  landes  and  tenementes 
to  the  use  and  profett  of  my  right  heires  for  ever  In  witnes  wherof  to 
this  my  last  will  I  haiffe  sett  my  seale  Yeven  at  Midilton  George  the 
xth  daye  of  May  the  yere  of  the  reigne  of  oure  Sovereigne  Lorde  Kyng 
Henry  the  Eight  the  xiijth  [1521]. 


[In  dorso.~\  A  Also  I  declare  by  thys  myn  [hawne  erased] 
awne  hand  wrytyng  y*  I  by  gud  delyberation  and  for  special! 
cawse  haue  cansellytt  and  putt  owthe  of  thys  w*in  wrytyng  my 
wyll  the  artekelyffe  cdfnyg  the  legasye  of  Weste  Hartebru  to  my 
sys?  In  wytnessyd  hereof  I  hawue  subcrybytt  w*  my  name. 

Wyllam  Kyllyngall. 

FBANCTS  KELYNGHALL,  the  successor,  dissipated  the  estates  of  his  an- 
cestors, and  probably  thought  he  was  doing  quite  enough  for  his 
relations  if  he  was  the  means  of  obtaining  a  captaincy  in  the  garrison  at 
Berwick  for  his  cousin  Ralph,  of  the  second  house  of  Killinghall.  There 
he  was  captain  himself  for  many  years,  and  there  he  died  in  1587, 
leaving  a  widow,  Katharine.54  His  share  of  West  Hartburne  was  sold 
to  William  Wrenn,55  who  died  in  1558-9  seised  of  half  the  manor,  which 

54  Hugh  Killinghall  was  buried  at  the  same  place  in  1580. 

55  The  estates  at  Egglescliffe  and  Brafferton  appear  to  have  been  included  in  this  sale. 


AND  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  KILLINGHALL.       81 

in  1628  was  aliened  by  his  grandson  to  Francis  Forster.  Before  1567, 
he  sold  the  manor  of  Graystones  to  Edward  Perkinson.  In  1569,  the 
manor  of  Nether  Middleton,  and  County  Flatt,  and  County  Acre  in 
Trefford,  shared  a  similar  fate,  the  purchaser  being 

RALPH  TAYLBOYS  of  Thornton  Hall,  Esq.,  who  had  married  Eleanor, 
daughter  of  Henry  Killinghall,  Esq.,  of  Middleton  St.  George.  This 
Henry  does  not  occur  in  the  Killinghall  pedigrees.  His  great  grand- 
son Ealph  Tailbois  (who  died  an  infant)  was  born  in  1591,  and  Henry 
Killinghall  of  the  second  house  was  not  married  till  1572.  Eleanor's 
father  was  probably  the  Henry  Kelynghall  who  witnessed  a  claim  to 
sanctuary  at  Durham  in  1517,  and  as  to  time  would  stand  as  uncle  to 
Francis  Killinghall.55  But  her  husband  could  not  keep  the  estate  of  her 
ancestors,  for,  in  1573,  he  sold  the  manor  of  Middleton  St.  George  and 
lands  in  Traiford  field  to 

ROWLAND  JOHNSON,  Surveyor  of  Berwick,  and  of  course  well  ac- 
quainted with  the  Killinghalls.  He  died  seized  of  two  parts  of  the 
manor  and  adyowson,  leaving  CUTHBERT  JOHNSON,  his  son  and  heir,  who 
who  had  livery  in  1584,  and  built  the  Red  House  or  New-Hall,  which 
he  seems  to  have  sold,  accompanied  apparently  with  his  manor,  to 

NINIAN  GIIILINGTON,  of  Girlington,  gent.,  who  probably  claimed  some 
latent  equity,  for  he  was  the  husband  of  Ellen,  a  daughter  of  Francis 
Kelynghall,  the  former  possessor,  who  was  his  second  wife.  On  the  18 
Feb.,  1593,  the  will  of  Katherine,  her  mother,  was  proved  at  Rich- 
mond, and  the  Rev.  James  Raine,  jun.,  has  obliged  me  with  his  copy 
of  it : — 

In  Dei  Nomine.  Amen.  Katheron  Kyllynghall,  of  the  paroche  of 
Wyclyf,  wydowe,  layte  wyffe  of  Francis  Kyllynghall  of  Myddleton 
George.  To  be  buryed  wher  it  plesethe  my  executors.  TJnto  my 
dough ter  Margery  Stafferton  15?.  to  be  payd  of  such  bonds  as  Henry 
Kyllinghall  and  Henry  Parkinson  standeth  bound  unto  me  for  and  in 
consyderacion  of  my  thyrds  or  dower  in  Graystones  behynd  and  unpayed 
synce  the  deathe  of  my  husband — every  one  of  hyr  chyldren  20s.  to  be 
payed  in  lyke  manner  fourthe  of  the  sayd  bonds — Anthony  Gyrlington66 
my  gylted  goblett,  and,  yf  he  dye,  to  John  Gyrlington  hys  brother,  and, 
yf  John  and  he  dy,  to  Anne  Parkinson  ther  syster  my  grand  chyld — 
John  Gyrlington  4  marks — every  one  of  my  sonne  Gyrlington  his  dough- 
ters57  10s.  The  rest  of  my  goods  to  Anne  Parkinson  my  sole  executor. 
I  make  my  sonne  Gyrlington  my  supervysor  and  do  gyve  him  a  double 

55  In  the  note  *  of  Surtees,  iii.,  222,  for  Henry  son  of  Henry,  read  Henry  son  of 
Ralph. — (Mr.  Raine' s  Copy  of  the  Berwick  Register.} 

56  Her  eldest  grandson.     He  seems  to  have  died  s.  p.  before  1593. 
67  Probably  those  by  his  first  wife. 

M 


82  THE  TENURES  OF  MIDDLETON  ST.  GEORGE, 

soveraigne  of  gold  which  is  twenty  shillings  for  his  payns.  Wytnesses, 
Nynyan  Gyrlington,  He :  Bullmer.  [Signs  with  a  cross.  Seal,  a 
tradesman's  mark.] 

Before  20  Nov.,  1596,  Richard  Madockes,  a  goldsmith  of  London, 
who  had  married  Cuthhert  Johnson's  sister,  had  purchased  Red  House 
of  the  same  Cuthbert  or  of  Mnian  Girlington.  In  1598-9  JOHN  GIR- 
LINGTON  (retaining  "the  Grange")  granted  the  manor  and  advowson  to 
RICHARD  HEIGHINGTON,  a  yeoman,  who  resided  here  in  1601,  and  after- 
wards settled  at  Greystones,  another  of  Francis  Killinghall's  alienations. 
He  must  have  aliened  to  the  above  RICHARD  MADOCKES  (perhaps  in  trust 
for  Killinghall58),  who,  in  1606,  conveyed  the  manor  of  Middleton  George 
to  HENRY  KILLINGHALL,  of  the  Second  House  of  Killinghall,  and  his 
wife  for  life,  remainder  to  their  son  William  and  his  wife  Susan  (Moore) 
and  their  heirs.  The  sinecure  rectory  is  found  afterwards  in  the  same 
family. 

The  Madockes  family  had  Skirmingham,  of  which  see  Surtees's  ac- 
count. Richard's  widow  and  daughter  were  buried  in  Darlington 
church,  the  latter  at  the  cost  of  the  above  William  Killinghall  in 
1643.69 

THE  CAME  FEE  —We  now  take  up  the  twelfth  of  a  fee  held  by 
WALTER  DE  CAME,  being  half  of  the  sixth  previously  held  by  Roland 
Baard.  It  was  called  one-third  of  the  manor  of  Middleton  St.  George, 
and  had  the  working  rectory  attached  to  it.  Before  1208,  William  de 
Cadamo  and  Robert  de  Cadamo  witness  a  charter  in  the  neighbourhood,60 
and,  in  the  Testa  de  Nevil,  Walter  de  Kain  is  represented  as  holding 
one-twelfth  in  Barony.  In  1312,  JOHN  DE  CAMBE  held  the  working 
rectory  (to  which  he  presented  his  son  John,  a  priest),  and  in  1337 
ROBERT  DE  CAMBE  died,  holding  half  a  messuage  and  30  acres  in  Nether 
Middleton  by  suit  at  Sadberge,  and  13^.  castle  ward,  and  JOHN  DE 
CAMBE  his  son  succeeded.  In  1367  Goceline  Surtees  held  lands  at  Ne- 
ther Middleton  of  JOHN  DE  CAMBE, 61  and  at  West  Hartburne  of  John  de 
Cambe's  heirs.62  In  1384,  another  Goceline  held  4  oxg.  13  mess,  in 

58  See  the  conveyance  from  him  in  Surtees. 

59  "  1640,  Mrs.  Maddockes  for  her  mother  lairestall,  3s.  4^.— 1643,  Mrs.  Judith 
Maddockes  (spinster,  Par.  Reg.}  for  her  lairestall  which  Mr.  Killinghall  senior  hath 
promised  to  pay  for." — (Darlington  Church  Accounts.} 

60  Surtees,  iii.,  229.  «  Surtees,  iii,  229. 

62  Ib.  226.  There  seems  to  be  some  error,  unless,  as  is  probahle,  another  John  had 
succeeded.  In  1379  it  is  stated  hy  Mr.  Surtees  that  all  Goceline  Surtees's  lands  at 
West  Hartburne  were  held  hy  Sir  Thomas  Surtees  of  Sir  William  Walworth,  but  it 
is  evident  from  the  sequel  that  the  Games  had  not  alienated  their  third  of  the  manor. 


AND  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  KILLINGHALL.       83 

Nether  Middleton  of  John  de  Cambe,  by  a  pound  of  cumin,63  derived 
from  Sir  Thomas,  the  heir  of  the  former  Goceline.64  In  1384,  MATANIA 
DE  CAME  died,  seized  of  a  messuage  and  12  oxgangs65  by  the  services  of 
1337,  and  WALTEE  DE  CAME  was  heir  of  his  brother  John.66  His  In- 
quisition is  dated  10  iSkirlaw  (1398).  Between  1507  and  1521  THOMAS 
CAYME  of  Theddlethorp  in  Lincolnshire,  gent.,  sold  his  third  part  of 
the  manor  of  Middleton  George,67  and  the  advowson,  to  ELIZABETH 
KILLING  HALL,  widow  of  Robert  Killinghall  of  the  second  house  of  that 
name,  who  presented  a  rector  in  1531. 

Robert  Kelynghall  (younger  brother  of  the  Thomas  Kelynghall  who 
was  born  in  1438)  accompanied  Thomas  Blakiston,  who  married  his 
sister  Joane,  on  the  latter  doing  homage  for  Blakiston  to  the  Prior  in 
1477,  and  is  called  brother  by  him  in  a  settlement  of  1482.  His  first 
wife  Agnes  appears  to  have  kept  him  childless  for  great  part  of  his  life. 
In  1491  he  and  she  were  admitted  to  the  fraternity  of  the  monastery 
of  Durham,  and  she  died  shortly  after.  Her  husband's  heir  Christo- 
pher was  born  in  1494  or  1495,  and,  unless  all  his  father's  lands  were 
settled,  the  doctrine  of  half-blood  did  not  intervene  between  him  and 
the  next  surviving  son,  William,  who  was  born  about  1505.  These 
were  evidently  children  of  an  old  man  by  a  young  wife,  for  he  died  in 
1507,  and  she  survived  him  34  years.  She  was  daughter  of  Thomas 
Surtees,  Esq.,  of  Dinsdale,  and  in  1503  her  husband  enfeoffed  some 
members  of  her  family  of  lands  in  Darlington,  Newbiggin-upon-the- 
Dike,68  Sadberge,  Long-Newton,69  and  Stillington,  for  her  use  as  long  as 
she  remained  his  widow  and  unmarried.  She  was  evidently  a  grave 
and  prudent  person,  and  she  spent  her  savings  in  the  honorable  occupa- 
tion of  founding  a  new  family  of  Killinghalls  in  wealth  and  property, 
to  take  the  place  of  their  decadent  cousins;  and  here  followeth  the 
pith  of  the  record  of  her  investments,  from  her  descendant's  archives 
at  Blackwell. 

To  all . .  to  whome  this  present  will  indented  shall  come  here  or  see. 
Elizabeth  Kelynghall  of  Myddilton  George  in  the  Bishopprick  of 

e3  Inq.'p.  m.  4  Fordh.  64  Radclyffe's  ped.  of  Surtees.     J.  B.  Taylor's  MSS. 

65  These  discrepancies  frequently  occur,  perhaps  by  the  different  modes  of  includ- 
ing or  excluding  wastes,  &c. 
60  Inq.  p.  m.  4  Fordh. 

67  From  the  enumerations  of  the  estates  of  the  Killinghalls  afterwards,  it  appears 
that  this  designation  included  West  Harthurn  and  Urlaw. 

68  The  Great  Whinstone  Dike. 

69  Three  oxgangs,  held  of  Castle  Barnard.   (Inq.  p.  m.)     "We  do  not  know  the 
origin  of  this,  or  of  some  others  of  the  estates  of  Robert  Killinghall.      Possibly 
they  came  by  his  first  wife.     At  Sadbei'ge,  however,  his  father  had  property  which 
probably  passed  to  him  by  settlement. 


84  THE  TENURES  OF  MIDDLETON  ST.  GEORGE, 

Duresme  wedowe  sendeth  greting . .  Where  as  I . .  and  John  Surtes 
clerk,  Rauff  Surtes  and  Arthure  Surtes  gentilmen,70  stonde . .  seased 
to .  .  the  use  of  me  and  rny  heirs  of  and  in  thre  croftes  foure  score  and  six 
acres  of  lande  thre  acres  of  medowe  and  ten  acres  of  pasture . ..  in  Schil- 
done  besides  Auklande .  .  by  force  of  a  recovere  in  a  writt  of  entre  in  le 
post  hade  ayenst  Thomas  Cayme  of  Thedilthorp  in  the  countie  of  Lin- 
coln gentilman  And  where  also  the  abovenamed  John.  .Rauff.  .and 
Arthure  Surtes  gentilmen  stonde .  .  seased  to .  .  the  use  of  me .  .  and  myn 
heirs  of  and  in  oone  mesuage  a  hundreth  and  fourty  acres  of  lande 
thirty  acres  of  medowes  foure  score  acres  of  pasture  fowre  acres  of 
wodde  in  Myddiltone  George .  .  ooiie  fysshing  their  in  the  water  of  Tease 
.  .  the  third  parte  of  the  inaner  of  Myddiltone  George .  .  and  the  advow- 
son  of  the  chirch  of  Myddiltone  George,  .as  by  two.  .recoveres.  .maid 
for  the  performaunce  of  certen  grauntes  bargane  and  sale  of.  .the 
premisses  maid  by  the  said  Thomas  Cayme  unto  me.  .appareth.  .1.  . 
have  maid .  .  my  last  will .  .  and  requyre  my  said  feoffes .  .  to  stonde .  . 
seased .  .  to .  .  the  use  of  me .  .  for  terme  of  my  lyff  And  aftir  my  .de- 
cease the  said  John  Surtes  and  other  his  coorecoverers .  .  to  stonde .  . 
seased  to.  .the  use  of  paiement  of  my  dettes.  .  And  after  my  dettes 
fully  paid .  .  and  other  sich  legaces  as  I  shall  declare  in  my  last  will  to 
be  taken  of  the  said  landes  then  I  will  that  the. . corecoverers .  .shall 
stonde .  .  seased  of  all  the  landes .  .  in  Schildone .  .  for  the  use  of  John 
Kelinghall  my  yonger  sonne  [in  tail  male,  rem.J  to  the  use  of  Willyam 
Kelinghall  my  eldest  sonne  [in  tail  male,  rem.]  to  the  use  and  per- 
formaunce of  my  will  And  of  all  my  landes .  .  and  other  the  premises  in 
Myddiltone  George,  .for  the  use  of  Willyam  Kelinghall  my  eldest  sonne 
[in  tail  male,  rem.]  to  the  use  of  the  abovewriten  John  Kelinghall  [in 
tail  male]  And  for  defaute  of  siche  issue,  .the.  .coorecoverers  shall 
stonde.  .  seased  of  and  in  all  the  abovewriten.  .premisses  in  Schildone  and 
Myddiltone  George .  .  for  sich  use . .  as  I. .  .  by  my  last  will  shall  hereafter 
therupon  make  ordre  and  declare  Moreour  it  is  the  full  mynde  and 
will  of  me  the  foresaid  Elizabeth  that  the  abovenamed  John  Surtes  and 
othir  his  coorecoverers  and  their  heirs  and  the  heir  or  heirs  of  the  over- 
lever  of  eny  of  theym  shall  stonde  and  be  continually  seased  of  and  in 
all  the  foresaide  landes  and  tenementes  to  and  for  the  uses  above  ex- 
pressed without  any  estate  or  gift  of  the  said  landes  and  tenementes 
hereaftir  to  be  hade  and  maide  to  the  abovenamed  Willyam  and  John  or 
to  their  heires  masles  or  the  heirs  of  any  of  theym  soo  that  the  said 
Willyam  and  John  and  their  heirs  shall  not  have  eny  possession  of  the 
said  landes  but  oonely  in  use  of  estate  taill  to  theym  and  their  heirs 
masles  of  their  bodies  lawfully  begoten  aftir  the  maner  and  forme  as 
is  abovewriten.71  Alweys  provyded  and  foreseen  that  I.  .at my  pleasour 
shall  and  maye  chaunge  alterate  adde  mynyshe  putt  in  or  putt  out  eny 

70  John  and  Ralph  were  her  brothers,  and  Arthur  is  named  with  them  in  the  Inq. 
p.  m.  1511  or  1512,  of  her  nephew  Thomas  Surteys  whose  death  caused  such  misery 
to  her  house  by  the  doctrine  of  the  half-blood. — (RadclyflVs  ped.  of  Surtees,  J.  B. 
Taylor's  MSS.) 

71  In  this  curious  clause  the  testatrix  wishes  to  prevent  a  common  recovery  by 
preventing  the  existence  of  a  legal  tenant  to  the  praecipe,  and,  not  anticipating  the 
Statute  of  Uses,  27  Hen.^VTIL,  attempts  to  create  a  mere  equitable  estate  tail  in 
perpetuity. 


AND  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  KILLINGHALL.       85 

article  or  articles  worde  or  wordes  conteyned  and  specified  in  theis 
presentes  and  that  sich  alteration  &c.  shall  be  accepted,  .as  my  dede 
and  to  be  as  parcell  and  parte  of  this  my  will.  .11  July,  1'J  Hen.  VIII. 

[1527] 

Before  1536,  for  bequests  are  made  to  the  monasteries  of  Mount 
Grace  and  Nesham,  Ralph  Surtees,  her  brother,  left  to  his  "  sister 
Kyllinghall  vi  puderde  salmon."72  She  died  in  1541,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  her  eldest  surviving  son,  WILLIAM  KILLINGHALL,  Esq.  In 
1529,  he  and  his  brother  John  were  bound  over  to  keep  the  peace 
towards  Edward  Oglethorpe  of  Newsham,  near  Egglescliffe,73  and  he 
seems  to  have  had  a  sister  who  married  Thadye,  for,  in  1558,  Richard 
Thadye,  of  Bruntoft,  gent.,  leaves  to  his  uncle  William  Killinghall  his 
white  gelding,  and  appoints  him  guardian  and  supervisor.74  He  died 
in  Dec.  1559,  seized  of  one  third  of  the  manor  of  Middleton  Saint 
George,  and  of  lands  in  Sadberge,  Newbigging,  Long  Newton,  Darling- 
ton, Stillington,  and  West  Hartburn. 

JOHN  KILLINGHALL,  Esq.,  Middleton  George,  was  brother  and  heir. 
Mr.  Surtees  says  he  was  "  aged  25,  Sept.  3  Eliz,,  1561  ",  but  the  stops 
are  erroneous  and  the  age  omitted,  the  25  referring  to  the  day  of  Sep- 
tember on  which  his  brother's  inquisition  is  dated.     Probably  he  was 
poorly  off  in  this  world's  wealth  before  his 
brother's  death,  as  Richard  Thadye,  in  1558, 
forgives  John  Killinghall  all  such  debts  as 
he  was  owing  unto  him,  and  makes  a  be- 
quest  unto  John  KillinghaH's  children ; 75 
and  in  1548-9  we  have  his  name  as  one  of 
the  "  poor  gentlemen"  brethren  of  the  col- 
lege of  Staindrop,  which  was  founded  "as 
well  for  the  praying  for  the  dead  as  for  the 
Bustentation  of  such  poor  men  as  have  served 
the  Earl"    of  Westmerland   for   the   time 
being.76     Here,  perhaps,  is  the  reason  of  his 
son   Henry  joining  in  the  Rising  of  the 
North.     Afterwards  he  appears  as  a  "  pru- 
dent and  wealthy  man,"    and  in  8  Eliz.  added  to  the  family  estate  at 
Darlington,  by  a  purchase  from  Lord  Lumley.77    His  seal,  used  by  his- 
son  Henry  in  1586,  is  given  in  the  margin  from  the  Chaytor  Archives,, 
and  the  following  are  extracts  from  his  will.78 

72  Will  proved  1549.     Durham  Wills,  Sur.  Soc.  133. 

™  Surtees,  iii.,  208.  74  Durham  Wills. 

™  Durham  Wills.  76  Barnes'  Proceedings,  Sur.  Soc. 

"  Close  Rolls,  quoted  by  Surtees.  78  Allan  Archives. 


86  THE  TENURES  OF  MIDDLETON  ST.  GEORGE, 

1572,  Dec.  14.  John  Killinghall  of  Middlelon  George — to  be  buried  in 
the  parish  churche  of  Middleton — to  the  poore  people  of  Darlington, 
10s.  (besides  to  those  of  Middleton,  Consclif,  Dinsdaile,  Eglisclife,  and 
Windlerton) — my  sonne  Henrie  J  of  leases  of  my  cole  pittes  of  Wynd- 
lerton  and  Ryton — my  sonnes  Raufe,  John,  and  Robert,  the  other  J — 
in  contentacion  of  there  childes  portions  and  such  bequests  as  there 
uncle  William  Killinghall  my  brother  haithe  geaven  them — Anne  my 
doughter  200  markes — my  daughter  Elizabeth79  200  markes — my  dough - 
ter  Isabell  200  markes  in  full,  &c.,  (as  before) — the  600  markes  to  be 
raised  of  my  godes,  &c.,  at  Kerleberye80  Dimdaile  and  Trasfourthe 
hill — to  my  lovinge  Anne  Parkinson,81  Kerleburie,  to  use  at  hir  discre- 
tion to  hir  contentacion  and  to  the  profitt  of  my  children  if  she  shall 
thinke  meit — my  sonne  Thomas  K.82  40?. — Myles  Blenkinshopp  my 
servaunte — Henrye  my  sonne,  Traforde  Hill — said  sonne  Henrye  in 
consideracion  of  suche  landes  as  I  purchased  and  have  in  Darlington, 
whereof  I  leave  hym  my  heire,  to  paye  yerelie  fourthe  of  the  same  to 
every  one  of  his  said  thre  bretheryn  Raphe,83  John,84  and  Robert,  or  to 
there  governers  for  there  behoufe,  fyve  markes  a  peice  so  longe  as  they 
and  every  of  them  leaves — sister  Anne  Parkinson — brother  and  sister 
Clarvax85 — sister  Parkinson  my  thre  chistes  in  my  chamber  that  I  laye 
in  at  My  die  ton,  and  the  stuffe  therein  my  said  thre  daughters  shall  have 
— said  sister  my  standishe86 — nephe  Henrye  Parkinson  a  baye  colte — 
Raphe  Jameson  my  baye  farralas87  horse — Robert  Bankes  my  horse 
cauld  lumpe  in  the  houghe — 305.  Mr.  Thomas  Euire  owith  unto  me — 
Thomas  Brystowe  my  graye  gason88  horse — brother  Richerd  Clarvax — 
Proved  1574. 

79  She  married  Marmacluke  Norton  of  Stranton,  Esq. 

10  The  manor  of  Carlbury,  in  the  parish  of  Conscliffe,  was  at  this  time  in  the 
Queen's  hands  by  the  attainder  of  the  Nevilles.  Dinsdale  and  Trefford  Hill  were  in 
private  owners.  Killinghall  seems  to  have  been  an  extensive  speculator  in  coals  and 
agriculture. 

81  The  testator's  wife  was  Anne,   daughter  of  Richard  Perkynson  of  Beamond 
Hill,  co.  pal.  Esq.     The  sister  Anne  Perkinson  of  the  will  seems  to  be  Anne  the 
daughter  of  Ralph  Hedworth.     She  survived  her  husband  Edward  Perkinson,  Mr. 
Killinghall's  brother-in-law,  who,  by  will,  1567,  leaves  to  his  "  sister  Killinghall, 
for  a  token  of  remembrance,  his  silver  heeds." 

82  Died  without  issue.     Harl.  MS.  1540,  p.  163. 

83  Ancestor  of  Killinghall  of  Berwick  and  London.     See  Appendix. 

84  He  had  abase  son,  John  Killinghall.     Harl.  MS.  1 540,  p.  163.     The  marriage  of 
John  Killinghall  with  Anne  Billingham  at  Darlington  in  1618  must  be  taken  to  his 
nephew  John,  who  was  baptized  in  1574. 

85  Margery  Killinghall,  the  testator's  sister,  married  1.  Rowland  Place,  of  Halnaby, 
Esq.,  and  2.  Richard  Clervaux  of  Croft,  Esq.     On  8  Feb.,  1571-2,  John  Place  of  York, 
gent.,  leaves  to  his  father  in  law,  Mr.  Richard  Clarvaus,  his  best  winter  gelding  which 
he  used  to  ride  upon  in  winter  himself,  called  Graye  Tempest :  to  his  mother  Clarvaus 
all  the  money  she  owes  him  :  and  to  his  uncle  Killinghall  one  oulde  angell.     (MSS. 
Jac.  Raine,  jun.) 

56  An  inkstand,  which  constitutes  the  bearing  of  the  Standish  family. 
*7  Farralas  is  still  used  in  the  sense  of  barren. 
88  Gar.son,  a  youth.     Here  a  young  horse. 


AND  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  KILLINGHALL.         87 

HENRY  KILLINGHALL,  Esq.,  son  and  heir,  who  succeeded  in  1574,  and 
died  in  1620,  had,  in  his  father's  lifetime,  become  unfortunately  con- 
nected with  the  Rising  of  the  North,  but  was  received  into  the  protec- 
tion of  the  Earl  of  Warwick  and  the  Lord  Admiral  on  Jan.  9,  1569-70. 
Probably  he  had  been  led  into  the  Rising  more  through  his  family  alli- 
ances than  any  controlling  principle.  His  mother's  relations  (the 
Parkinsons)  were  much  connected  with  the  Nevilles  ;  his  sister  was  wife 
of  Marmaduke  Norton,  eighth  son  of  old  Richard  the 
rebel  patriarch  ;  and  we  have  his  father's  name  in  con- 
nection  with  the  college  of  Staindrop.  After  the  Re- 
bellion, in  1572,  he  married  Anne,  daughter  and 
coheiress  of  Robert  Lay  ton  of  Sproxton  and  Scutter- 
scelfe,  co.  York.  Whether  he  was  of  a  thoughtless, 
rash  disposition,  or  was  hopelessly  involved  by  his 
share  in  the  Rebellion,  does  not  appear,  but  he  parted  with  his  principal 
Darlington  possessions  to  a  family  of  Foster,  who  had  also  acquired 
West  Hartburn,  an  old  manor  of  the  elder  line  of  Killinghalls,  by  pur- 
chase from  the  Wrens,  and  who  in  1649  use  the  arms  of  Killinghall  on 
a  seal.  They  had  perhaps  picked  it  up  on  their  purchase.  Other  sales 
were  made  in  1586,  and  about  the  same  time  we  find  him  making  some 
compensation  to  his  injured  Queen  by  discovering  for  her  some  lands 
which  he  thought  she  ought  to  have  had  in  the  great  dispersal  of  church 
possessions.  The  history  of  these  lands  is  rather  amusing  as  they  ap- 
pear in  the  proceedings  taken  before  the  Council  in  the  North  Parts. 

Whether  they  constitute  the  small  close  in  Middleton-one-Row  now 
part  of  the  glebe  of  Dinsdale,  we  cannot  tell,  but  the  story  opens  in 
1578  with  Thomas  Blakiston,  the  Rector  of  Dinsdale,  being  disturbed  in 
the  possession  of  two  ox-gangs  in  Middleton-one-Row,  which  he,  and, 
as  he  stated,  all  his  predecessors  had  enjoyed  in  right  of  the  rectory,88 
by  John  Surtees,  the  Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Over-Middleton  and  George 
Gladley,  his  tenant.  The  Rector  brings  suit,  and  the  defendants  make 
it  out  that  the  land  had  been  leased  by  the  Surtees  family  to  one  of 
its  members,  who  happened  to  be  Rector,  and  that  the  lease  had  expired. 

YORK,  9  Oct.,  20  Eliz.  [1578]  THOMAS  BLAXSTON,  v.  JOHN  SEWER- 

TIES  and  GEORGE  GLADLEY.     Depositions  for  defendants. 
John  Hudson  of  Morton,  grassman,  aged  54.     Marmaduke  Sewerties90 

B9  Inquisitio  de  valore  Beneficii  de  Dinsdale,  1466.  "  Item  in  redditu  pro  ii. 
bovatis  terrse  in  Midelton  Superiori  xs."  "  Item  in  decimis  garbarum  de  eadem 
ammatim  xviii^.— Sur.  iii.,  239.  Probably  the  premises  had  long  been  leased  to  the 
rectors  out  of  favour  to  them. 

90  Born  about  1494,  aged  17  in  1511,  when  he  was  heir  of  the  half  blood  to  his 
brother  Thomas,  and  maintained  his  ground  in  Over  Middleton  in  spite  of  common 
law.  The  date  of  1557  as  that  of  his  death,  is  a  misprint  in  Mr.  Surtees' s  History. 
He  lived  some  years  later,  to  "  extreme  old  age." 


88  THE  TENURES  OF  MIDDLETON  ST.  GEORGE, 

was  seized  of  the  manner  of  Middleton  one  Rawe.  The  premises  are 
part  of  it.  Hath  sene  a  writing  wherebie  the  said  Marmaduke  graunted 
the  same  unto  John  Sewerties91  uncle  unto  the  said  Marmaduke  and 
parson  of  Dinsdell  for  the  life  of  John  and  twenty  years  after.  Depo- 
nent, then  but  a  boy  of  a  dozen  or  thirteen  years  of  age,92  was  present 
at  the  buriall  of  the  said  John  Sewerties,  and  then  had  a  penny  [the 
funeral  dole]  given  him.  The  lease  expired  24  yeres  ago.  The  said 
Marmaduke  borrowing  xs.  of  Rowland  Clerk  [rector  1561  to  1571]  upon 
his  signett,  and  the  said  Rowland  within  or  about  a  moneth  after  com- 
yng  to  the  said  Marmaduke  and  requesting  to  have  his  money,  the  said 
Marmaduke  tolde  the  said  Rowland  that  it  was  but  a  small  thing  that 
he  the  said  Marmaduke  had  of  him,  and  that  therefore  he  thought  that 
the  said  Rowland  would  not  have  bene  so  hastie  with  him.  For,  quoth 
the  said  Marmaduke,  if  I  would,  I  could  take  the  two  oxganges  of  land, 
which  thoue  occupiest  herein  this  towne,  from  the,  which  is  a  hundreth 
tymes  better  than  the  money  thow  lent  me.  Nay  then,  quoth  the  said 
Rowland,  that  I  thinck  yow  cannot  do.  Yes,  quoth  the  said  Marma- 
duke, that  I  can :  but  be  thow  good  to  me,  and  I  will  be  good  to  thee. 
"Why,  sir,  quoth  the  said  Rowland,  any  thing  I  have  yow  shall  com- 
aunde.  And  well  then,  quoth  the  said  Marmaduke,  come  hither  to  me 
againe  such  a  day,  and  I  will  show  the  good  specialtie  that  the  two 
oxganges  is  myne  to  do  with  what  I  list.  And  so,  for  that  tyme,  the 
said  Rowland  departed.  And,  comyng  again  to  the  said  Marmaduke,  at 
the  tyme  appointed,  which  was  within  or  about  thre  weekes  then  next 
after,  the  said  Marmaduke  showed  such  evidence  unto  the  said  Rowland 
Clerk,  towching  the  said  two  oxganges  of  land,  that  the  said  Rowland 
Clerk  perceived  that  he  had  not  any  right  thereunto :  for  thereupon, 
this  examinant  is  privie,  and  doth  right  well  know,  that  the  said  Row- 
land Clerk  did  compounde  and  agree  with  the  said  Marmaduke  for  the 
said  tenement  and  two  oxganges  of  land,  and  paid  unto  the  said  Mar- 
maduke fower  poundes  xs.,  besides  the  xs.  which  the  said  Marmaduke 
ought  him,  which  made  upp  fyve  poundes ;  and  that,  in  consideracion 
thereof,  the  said  Marmaduke  did  fullie  conclude  and  agree  to  and  with 
the  said  Rowland,  that  he  the  said  Rowland  should  have  and  enjoy  the 
said  tenement  and  premisses  during  his  naturall  life. — Defendant  John 
Sewerties  was  th'onlie  sonne  of  and  next  heire  unto  Marmaduke. 
About  St.  Ellenmas  last  he  entered  the  premises  and  was  seized,  and 
demised  them  to  the  said  George  Gladley  as  tenant  at  will. 

Raphe  Archer  of  Middleton  one  Rawe,  laborer,  ag.  30  [confirms  Hud- 
son's statement]— Did  receive  at  th'ands  of  the  said  Rowland  Clerk, 
at  thre  severall  tymes,  fower  pounds  tenn  shillings,  parcell  of  the  some 
of  vli.j  to  the  use  of  the  said  Marmaduke,  in  consideracion  of  the  afore- 
said agrement,  and  paid  the  same  over  to  him  accordinglie.  And  after- 
wards this  examinant  was  present  at  Darlington ;  and,  then  and  there, 

91  John  Surtees  was  Rector  from  1498  to  1529,  so  this  might  well  be  ;  but  Hudson, 
in  his  deposition  ten  years  after,  says  that  Marmaduke  told  him  that  his  ancestors 
had  given  the  oxgangs  to  his  uncle  for  the  ahove  term. 

92  This,  and  a  succeeding  statement  ahout  the  termination  of  the  lease,  would  make 
John  Surtees  die  about  1535,  hut  the  lists  of  Dinsdale  rectors  kill  him  in  1529, 
George  Reed  succeeding  p.  m.  Surtees  in  that  year.     Rowland  Clarke  p.  m.  Reed 
comes  in  1561,  and  Thomas  Blaxton  the  plaintiff  in  1571,  p.  m.  Clarke. 


AND  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  KILLINGHALL.       89 

did  heare  and  see  the  said  Rowland  come  to  the  said  Marnmduke,  and 
speake  thus  to  him,  Sir,  now  I  have  paide  yow  all  my  money  according 
to  our  agrement,  and  therefore  I  pray  yow  now  let  me  have  assurance 
made  for  my  life  that  I  be  not  any  more  troubled.  Marrie,  parson, 
quoth  the  said  M armaduke,  that  I  will  with  good  will :  and  come,  go 
with  me  to  Mr.  Hailes.  And  so  they  went  together  to  Mr.  Hailes  to 
have  assuraunce  made  of  the  premisses  according  to  the  said  agrement. 

The  copies  of  depositions  are  sealed  with  "her  highness  signette93 
remaining  with  her  majestie's  secretarie  there"  [at  York]  1589,  on  the 
occasion  of  another  suit  to  be  noticed  immediately.  The  rector  asked 
for  his  ten  shillings  in  an  evil  day.  It  is  obvious  that  the  affections  of 
the  Surteeses,  supplanted  in  Dinsdale  by  the  Places,  would  be  transferred 
to  the  parish  of  Middleton. 

How  the  suit  ended  does  not  appear,  but  it  is  probable  that  the  rec- 
tor won  his  ends,  for  a  new  ground  against  him  had  to  be  taken,  an 
allegation  that  the  augmentation  was  for  superstitious  purposes.  This 
was  substantiated  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  queen's  officers  by  Henry 
Killinghall,  and  on  25  Apr.,  28  Eliz.  [1586],  a  grant  of  the  premises 
was  made  to  John  Owbray  (or  Awbrey),  and  John  Radcliffe ;  and  Kil- 
linghall  purchased  from  them,  probably  by  collusion.  The  indefatigable 
parson  and  his  tenant  were  exchequered  in  1588  by  the  new  owner, 
who  describes  himself  as  "Henry  Kyllinghall  of  Midleton  George, 
gent.,  fermor  to  her  majestic  of  one  messe,  one  litle  close,  and  two  ox- 
ganges,  eonteyninge  by  estymacion  fourteen  acres  [each  ?],  in  Midleton 
one  rowe  in  the  tenure  of  Thomas  Blakeston,  clerke,  and  George  Bayne- 
brigge,  gent.,  which  were  geven  for  a  priest  to  say  masse,  and  to  praye 
for  the  deade  soules  for  ever  within  the  churche  of  Dynsdell,"  and 
complains  that  Blakeston  and  Bainbrigg  had  got  divers  evidences  "by 
colour  whereof  they  had  entered  to  the  great  hinderance  of  the  orator 
who  had  at  his  own  costes  discovered  the  tytle  for  her  majestie." 

The  defendants  answered  that  "the  Deane  and  chapiter  are  seased  of 
the  advowson  of  Dedinsdell/' — that  the  incumbents  have  been  seized  of 
the  property  in  dispute  as  parcell  of  the  glebe,  and  Blakiston  was  pre- 

93  It  contains  the  royal  arms,  with  a  sword  held  at  either  side.  Diev  et  mon  droit. 
At  the  foundation  of  the  Council  of  the  North,  in  Henry  VIII' s.  time,  Bishop  Tunstall 
thus  writes  from  York  to  Cromwell,  "Your  Lordship  at  my  departing  said,  that  the 
king's  seal,  that  we  should  use  here,  was  not  ready.  Master  Uvedale  hath  a  goodly 
signet  of  the  king's  delivered  unto  him  by  your  Lordship  at  his  departing,  as  he 
saith,  which  containeth  a  difference  from  all  other  the  king's  signets,  having  on 
either  side  of  the  king's  arms,  a  hand  with  a  sword  upright  in  it :  which  signet,  if  the 
king  be  so  pleased,  would  suffice  for  these  parts,  the  print  whereof  in  paper  I  send 
you  herein  enclosed;  desiring  to  know  the  king's  pleasure,  whether  we  shalHise  the 
said  seal  or  not,  for  in  the  meantime  necessity  compelleth  us  to  use  it."— State 
Papers. 


90  THE  TENURES  OF  MIDDLETON  ST.  GEORGE, 

sented  about  17  years  sythence  and  that  Baynbrigge  only  dealt  as  ser- 
vant to  him.  The  gift  for  superstitious  uses  is  denied,  and  all  the 
rest  of  Killinghall's  statement  is  traversed. 

Deposicions  taken  at  Darlington  for  Henry  Killinghall,  gent.,  before 
John  Coniers  and  Henry  Lawson,  Esquires,  and  Eaphe  Tonstall  and 
George  Pudsaye,  gentlemen,  30  July,  30  Eliz.  [1588]  James  Urpyn 
of  Middleton  one  rowe,  clarke,  aged  four  score,  says  that  the  property 
pays  tithe  to  Middleton  George.  John  Hudson  of  Murton,  aged  65,  had 
hard  one  Mr.  Marmaduke  Surties  his  master  say  that  the  premisses 
•was  geiven  by  his  auncestors  to  one  John  Surties,  some  times  parson  of 
Dinsdell,  for  the  terme  of  his  life  and  20  yeares  after  his  decease. 
Hath  seene  a  deede  in  one  Sir  Rowland  Clarke's  handes  then  parson  of 
Dinsdell,  delivered  by  one  Marmaduke  Surties  to  the  said  Sir  Rowland 
for  to  reade,  by  which  it  appeared  to  the  said  parson  that  the  right  of 
th' inheritance  was  appertaininge  to  the  heires  of  the  Surtises,  and  then 
the  said  parson  did  compounde  with  the  said  Marmaduke  to  have  the 
premisses  duringe  his  life,  payinge  5L  for  a  fine  to  the  said  Marmaduke. 
For  thirty  yeares  past  the  parson  of  Dinsdell  hathe  receaved  the  pro- 
fittes.  The  premisses  are  within  Middleton  George,  and  payeth  tithe 
unto  the  said  parson.9*  Robert  Place  of  Nether  Dinsdell,  gent.,  aged  65 
yeares,  sworne  at  Dinsdell  27  September,  hard  yt  to  be  the  Surtis  land. 
Robert  Nelson  of  Middelton  one  rowe,  aged  80,  says  that  the  tenants 
have  bine  constables  of  Middleton  George.  It  lyethe  within  the  Lord- 
shipp  of  Middleton  one  Rowe.  George  Myers  of  Middleton  one  Rowe, 
aged  54  yeares,  says  that  the  tenants  have  been  churchwardens  of 
Middleton. 

For  the  defendants  Christopher  Warde  of  Martin  in  Cleavland,  aged 
54,  says  that  for  46  yeares  the  premises  have  been  parcells  of  the  gleebe 
of  Dinsdell.  His  father  was  tenant  to  the  parson  of  Dinsdell  for  24 
yeares,  and  he  4  yeares  after.  Nicholas  Wasse  of  Stoddaw,  aged  55, 
says  that  parson  Reade,  parson  Clarke,  and  parson  Blackstone,  enjoyed 
the  same  for  26  yeares.  George  Ward  of  Hurworthe,  aged  60,  says 
that  his  father  was  tennent  to  Sir  George  Reade  for  20  yeares.  Robert 
Ward  of  Hurworthe,  aged  60,  says  that  his  uncle95  was  parson  of  Dins- 
dell and  his  father  was  teunant. 

Probably  the  parson  again  won  the  day,  practically  so  at  all  events. 

In  1605-6,  as  we  have  seen,  Henry  Eillinghall  obtained  the  two- 
thirds  of  the  manor  of  Nether  Middleton  which  had  been  comprised 
in  the  Bard  fee,  accompanied  by  the  sinecure  a&vowson.  But  he  does 
not  appear  to  have  recovered  his  difficulties,  for  we  learn  from  the  Dins- 
dale  abstract  that  in  1607  he  and  Richard  Maddocks,  for  300Z.,  granted 
three  closes  called  Night  Fold,  the  Middle  Close,  and  the  West  Close  in 

94  See  note  on  page  87. 

95  Sir  George  Reed,  who,  in  an  interesting  will  printed  in  Surtees,  iii.,  241,  men- 
tions aU  these  Wards. 


AND  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  KILLINGHALL,       91 

Sadbury,  to  Christopher  Place.  In  1608,  they  levied  a  fine  of  lands  in 
Haughton  and  Long  Newton  to  Place.  And  on  28  Jan.,  1608-9,  we 
have  a  mortgage  in  the  shape  of  a  lease,  from  Killinghall  and  Richard 
Maddockes  of  Skirningham,  gent.,  to  Ralfe  Cotesfurth  of  Newtonne 
Ketton,  gent.,  for  100  years,  at  12<£.  rent,  of  a  messuage  in  Sadbury  on 
the  Hill,  alias  Sadbargh,  on  the  west  side  of  the  Gaoele,96  late  in  the  oc- 
cupation of  "William  Killinghall,  gent.,  son  and  heir  of  the  said  Henry, 
with  all  the  arable  lands  and  meadows  within  the  three  corn  fields  in 
Sadbury,  alias  Sadbargh,  which  are  not  within  the  compass  of  the  com- 
mission for  partition  of  the  outsides  of  the  said  arable  fields  there.97 
Cotesfurth  was  a  mere  trustee  for  Lambton  of  Stainton,  for,  on  26  May, 
1615,  in  consideration  of  105Z.  paid  by  "William  Staveley  of  Thormonby, 
co.  York,  gent.,  to  Margarett  Lampton  of  Hough  ton  Feild,  widow  and 
executrix  of  William  Lampton,  Esq.,  for  the  due  debt  of  Henry  Kil- 
linghall, she  and  Raffe  Cotesfurth  of  Winton,  co.  York,  gent.,  adminis- 
trators of  the  former  Ralph,  with  Killinghall' s  approval,  grant  the  lease 
to  Staveley  and  George  Tomlinson  of  Burdforth,  co.  York,  gent.  Mr. 
Killinghall  died  in  1620.  His  brother  Ralph  was  a  captain  in  the  gar- 
rison of  Berwick,  probably  through  his  kinsman  Francis  of  the  first 
House  of  Killinghall,  and  founded  a  family,  of  whom  something  may 
be  seen  in  Appendix  A. 

WILLIAM  KILLINGHALL,  Esq.,  son  and  heir  (1620-1644)  succeeded. 
He  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Susan,  daughter  of  John 
Moore  of  the  Myntgarth  [Sir  George  Saville's  property],  York, 
Sergeant-at-law,  "  who  never  obstinately  defended  an  unright- 
eous cause."  The  inventory  post  mortem  ejus  is  in  the  possession 
of  R.  H.  Allan,  Esq.,  being  sixteen  feet  long?*  The  honest  lawyer  had 

"  one  old  black  cloth  night  gowne ;  a  faire  new  satten  doblet  and  a  pare 
of  tafety  hose ;  an  old  sleveles  jackett  and  doblet  of  rash  of  two  co- 
lors, &c.  &c. ;  a  tablet  of  gold  with  a  blew  sapher  and  vi.  pearles  given 
to  his  daughter  Suzan  More  as  well  before  his  will  makyng  as  since 
[a  good  girl,  evidently,  for  the  old  man  trusted  51.  3s.  "in  his 
coffer  standing  in  his  doughter  Suzan' s  chamber"] ;  one  gold  chayne 
weighing  ix.  ounces,  and  halfe  a  frensh  crowne  at  53s.  4d.  the  ounce ; 
one  bracelet  of  gold  61 ;  one  nutt  set  in  silver  gilted  with  gold  40s. ;  a 
stone  pott  set  in  silver  with  a  cover  gilted  13s.  4d. ;  an  halbert  and  a 

96  It  will  be  remembered  that  the  elder  house  held  Graystanes  by  the  service  of 
keeping  this  gaol. 

97  Chaytor  Archives. 

98  It  would  be  well  worth,  printing  at  length,  as  a  most  minute  description  of  a 
wealthy  lawyer's  household,  and  the  place  of  his  abode  has  its  interest.      The  docu- 
ment is  as  a  brand  from  the  burning,  for  it  was  found  accompanied  by  a  pair  of  rusty 
scissors. 


92  THE  TENURES  OF  MIDDLETOtf  ST.  GEOEGE, 

battle  axe  [in  his  bedchamber]  ;  a  cote  of  plaite,  a  corslet  for  a  horsman 
with  one  gantlet,  a  shaife  of  arrowes,  and  a  black  bill  [these  in  the 
hall] ;  \_chaple  chamber  mentioned,  and  quisshings  made  of  nedleworke, 
cope  and  vestments,  &c.];  an  Irish  rugg  of  chekker  work,  a  Turky  car- 
pett  for  a  table ;  her  majesties  picture ,  one  great  brasse  pott  of  43  pound, 
6d.  per  pound,  one  brode  oversea  panne  weying  36  poundes,  two  chawf- 
yng  dishes  and  perfumyng  panne  [in  the  kitchen];  Mr.  Mores  owne 
picture,  two  other  pictures  and  a  table  of  armes;  a  pare  of  tables  Is. 
[chess  board  ?] ;  one  gray  mare  called  Suzams  mare  33s.  4d.  To  paid 
"to  Mr.  Bowsfell  the  draper  for  blacks  to  the  mourners  13Z.  8s.;  for 
spices,  strawleryes  [the  lawyer  died  in  September],  wyne,  cakes,  and 
other  things  spent  of  the  funerall  day  36s.  Id. ;  for  wry  ting  the  inven- 
taryes  into  paper  and  parchment  and  for  the  will  and  probacion  thereof 
and  other  charges  about  the  same,  41.  10s."  Net  value  of  goods  and 
debts  8471.  15s.  6d.  Legacies:  "to  his  son  Francis  More,  a  signet  of 
gold  praysed  to  31.  6s.  Sd. ;  Katheryn  More  his  wife  a  nest  of  sylver 
tonnes  gilt  being  six  in  nomber,  with  a  cover,  &c."  Susan  got  "  his  best 
silver  salt  doble  gilt  and  the  cover  thereof,  a  gilt  goblet  without  a  cover, 
a  dozen  of  his  best  silver  spones  with  the  apostles  at  th'ends  of  them,  a 
gold  ring  with  a  blew  sapher  stone  in  it,  a  tablet  of  gold  (see  above), 
and  one  of  his  best  fether  bedds." 

Serjeant  Moore  was  twice  married.  "  Margrete  Moure  wif  to  Mr. 
Sergeant  Moure,  aboute  Ix  yeares  of  age"  was  buried  5  Dec.  1572,  at 
St.  Michael  le  Belfrey,  York.  "We  do  not  therefore  understand  Poul- 
son's  statement  that  he  married  Catherine  Holme  (who  survived  her 
first  husband  Marinaduke  Constable  60  years)  at  Sigglesthorne,  in 
1569."  "  Susane  daughter  of  Mr.  Sergeant  Moure"  was  christened  at 
St.  Michael  le  Belfrey,  on  15  April,  1576,  and  was  married  to  Killing- 
hall  in  or  before  1 605-6. 10°  Five  years  afterwards,  in  1611,  she  must 
have  been  exceedingly  annoyed  with  the  Spiritual  Court  proceedings 
against  her  spouse,  who  "  entertayneth  in  his  house  as  kitchin  wench  a 
woman  that  hath  had  two  bastards  at  a  birth  (as  if  that  made  the  mat- 
ter worse  !) — it  is  not  pretended  that  he  is  suspected  with  her,  but  he 
owes  8s.  4d.  sessement,  and  licks  the  churchwarden  with  his  staffe  when 
he  calls  for  it."  Mr.  K.  answered  that  "he  acted  out  of  charitie,  and 
struck  the  churchwarden  lightlie  with  a  small  gold-headed  cane  which 
he  useth  to  walk  with  ordinarily."101  The  entry  is  headed  Middleton 
St.  George,  and  the  rate  was  probably  for  lands  there ;  but  the  children 
of  Killinghall  at  this  time  were  baptized  at  Sockburn.  About  1620, 
he  questioned  Mr.  Francis  Foster  (the  owner  of  the  Bard  fee  in  "West 

99  Holder-ness,  ii.,  23. 

100  See  the  settlement  of  that  date.     Snrtees,  iii.,  222. 

101  Surtccs  to  J".  B.  Taylor. 


AND  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  KILLINGHALL.       93 

Hartburn)  for  his  tithes  in  kind,  [in  respect  of  his  sinecure  rectory,  no 
doubt  already  held  in  lease  from  its  incumbent]  and  would  have  had 
Mr.  William  Case,  then  rector  [of  the  working  rectory]  to  have  joined 
him  in  suit.  But  the  rector  refused  because  he  had  received  of  Foster 
"  twenty  shillings  in  money  to  buy  a  cloke,  three  bush  ells  of  ry,  and 
besides  the  said  Francis  Foster  being  a  good  friend  unto  him."  The 
subject  was  renewed  by  John  Killinghall,  his  successor.  All  his 
children  were  by  Susan  Moore,  but  on  11  July,  1625,102  "William 
Killinghall  married  Margaret  Pepper,  at  Middleton,  and  the  mention 
of  Mr.  Cuthbert  Pepper  and  his  wife's  daughters  in  his  will,  induces 
us  to  give  the  marriage  to  old  Mr.  William  and  not  to  his  son. 

1642,  July  8  (proved  1649).  "William  Killinghall  late  of  Middleton 
George,  Esq.,  if  it  please  God  to  call  me  to  his  mercie  nere  home  to  be 
buryed  amongst  my  ancestors  att  Middleton  aforesayd  [this  so  happened] 
but  without  pompe  vaine  glory  or  unnecessary  ostentacion  or  charges, 
but  if  I  dye  not  att  or  nere  home  then  to  be  buried  where  it  shall  please 
Almightie  God  to  appoint — my  loveing  wife  all  her  Jewells,  my  silver 
cann,  six  spoones,  my  lesser  silver  salt — sonne  John  my  evidence  chist 
my  painted  deske,  &c. — daughter  Margarett  my  sonn  John's  wife  my 
silke  curtains  and  vallance  as  a  token  of  my  love  and  aifection — sonne 
Robert  all  my  schoole  books  and  law  books  with  desire  he  may  make 
good  use  of  them  and  follow  that  profession — son  Henrie — daughter 
Katherine — Sir  Thomas  "Widdrington  and  Cuthbert  Pepper  for  the 
benefitt  of  my  sonne  Robert  the  next  presentacion  which  shall  happen 
after  my  death  of  that  part  of  my  parsonage  which  Mr.  Joseph  Cradocke 
hath.103  And  whereas  alsoe  I  have  a  lease  from  the  sayd  Mr.  Cradocke 
of  that  part  of  the  parsonage  which  he  hath  at  the  yearly  rent  of  101. 
during  the  life  of  the  sayd  Joseph  Cradocke  graunted  in  my  sonne 
John's  name  in  trust  and  whereof  neverthelesse  I  doe  receive  the  bene- 
fitt I  doe  hereby  give  the  sayd  lease  and  all  the  benefitt  and  profitt 
thereof  to  my  sonne  Eobert  for  his  better  maintenance  to  be  educated 
in  learning — Greate  Stainton  to  sonne  Eobert  and  issue  male  [he  died 
childless],  rem.  to  my  grandchild  Wm.  Killinghall, — my  sonne  Thomas,104 
his  eldest  sonne  Thomas,  and  my  daughter  his  wife — sonne  "William 
— daughter  Susan  Nelson — son  John  my  here  vessell  and  the  lead  ces- 
terne  in  the  kilne  and  to  his  wife  5s. — sister  Margery105 — sister  Kath- 
erine— every  one  of  my  wives  daughters  a  noble  to  be  made  in  rings  to 
weare  in  remembrance  of  me — to  the  poore  of  Midleton  parish  20s.  to 

102  Copies  of  registers  in  the  Allan  Archives. 

103  The  sinecure  rectory.     Cradock  was  appointed  in  1625.      It  is  now  a  mere  lay 
rectory,  in  the  hands  of  the  present  owners  of  the  manor. 

104  See  Appendix  A. 

105  Among  some  recusants  on  a  flyleaf  of  Darlington  register  is  a  Margery  Kil- 
linghall of  that  place,  buried  in  1644-5.     The  entry  may  relate  to  this  Margaret  or 
to  the  "  pretended  wife,"  by  a  "  clandestine  and  unlawful  marriage"  of  Mr.  Francis 
Killinghall  (of  Middleton  George,  gent.,  aged  63,  1642)  her  brother. 


94  THE  TENURES  OF  MIDDLETON  ST.  GEORGE, 

be  paid  yearly  by  the  space  of  three  years  after  my  death  out  of  the 
lands  due  to  my  sonne  Robert — wife  and  sonne  Robert  residuary  lega- 
tees and  executors — Sir  Tho.  Laiton  and  Sir  Tho.  Widdrington  knts., 
John  Wytham  and  Cuthbert  Pepper  Esqs.,  supervisors — to  each  a  noble 
to  wear  in  a  ring. 

JOHN  KILLINGHALL,  son  and  heir  (1644-1652),  fell 
upon  evil  times  soon  after  his  marriage  in  1637  with 
Margaret,  a  daughter  and  (on  her  brother's  death  in 
1649)  a  coheir  of  William  Lambton,  Esq.,  of  Stainton,106 
by  whom  he  obtained  half  of  Stainton  and  Haughton 
Field.  Of  gentle  blood,  he  of  course  adhered  to  the 
milder  tyranny  of  Charles  I.  in  preference  to  that  which  was  to  succeed 
it,  and  at  the  first  outset  of  the  troubles  he  and  his  brother-in-law  Ni- 
cholas Chaytor  (who  married  the  other  heiress  of  Lambton)  were  con- 
cerned in  the  great  questions  of  the  day. 

During  the  Ripon  treaty  of  1640,  "a  great  complaint  was  made  to 
the  English  commissioners  by  two  Durham  gentlemen  against  Meldrum, 
secretary  to  the  Scotch  General  Lesley,  who  at  the  time  the  new  assess- 
ment was  laid  upon  the  Bishoprick,  publicly  spoke  these  words  in  the 
Shire  House  :  '  I  wonder  you  are  so  ignorant,  that  you  cannot  see  what 
is  good  for  yourselves :  For  they  in  the  South  are  sensible  of  the  ensu- 
ing good,  and  that  we  came  not  unsent  for,  and  that  oftner  than  once  or 
twice,  by  your  Great  Ones.'  There  being  a  doubt  made  at  these  words, 
Great  Ones  ;  he  replyed  to  them  'your  own  Lords/  with  a  further  ex- 
planation. All  this  was  offered  upon  oath  by  the  two  gentlemen  to  the 
commissioners;  but  the  Lords  only  required  them  to  write  down  the 
words,  and  subscribe  their  names,  which  were  John  KillingTiall  and 
Nicolas  Chayter.  The  paper  being  shewn  to  the  Scotch  Commissioners, 
they  sent  it  to  General  Lesley  at  Newcastle,  who  sent  back  another 
paper  to  Rippon,  in  which  his  secretary  denyed  the  words.  "Where- 
upon some  of  the  English  Commissioners  required  they  should  go  to  the 
Scotch  camp  at  Newcastle,  and  give  in  their  testimony  before  Lesley 
himself.  The  gentlemen  replyed,  '  They  had  rather,  and  could  more 
safely  testify  it  in  any  court  of  England ;  yet  they  would  do  it  there, 
provided  they  might  have  a  safe  conduct  from  the  Scotch  Commission- 
ers ;'  there  being  as  yet  no  cessation  of  arms.  Hereupon  a  messenger 
was  sent  to  them  for  a  safe  conduct  for  the  gentlemen ;  but  he  brought 
this  answer  from  the  Earl  of  Dumferling,  *  that  the  two  gentlemen  were 
unwise,  if  they  went  to  give  such  testimony  at  the  camp.'  And  then 
speaking  with  the  Lord  Lowdon,  he  again  told  the  messenger  'that 
such  a  safe  conduct  could  not  be  granted,  and  that  he  would  satisfy  the 
Earl  of  Bedford.'  Upon  which  last  answer  the  two  gentlemen  were 
dismissed,  and  the  business  seemed  to  be  at  an  end.  However,  by 

ice  We  purposely  abstain  from  breaking  into  much,  new  detail  concerning  this 
family  here. 


AND  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  KILLINGHALL.         95 

means  of  private  intercourses,  another  discovery  was  made  of  more  than 
ordinary  importance;  which  was  a  forged  ingagement  of  the  Lord 
Savile's,  formerly  hinted  at,  which  having  the  names  of  many  English 
Lords  and  great  men,  seems  to  have  had  greater  effects  than  all  the  real 
invitations."  107  Lord  Savile  had  forged  them,  and  now  the  Scots  had 
been  disgusted  at  what  they  considered  the  bad  faith  of  their  owners. 

In  1642  being  lessee,  like  his  father,  of  Cradock's  sinecure  rectory, 
he  renewed  the  dispute  with  the  Fosters,  and  filed  a  bill  in  Durham 
Chancery  against  Richard  Poster  of  Darlington,  and  others,  for  non- 
payment of  tithe  in  kind  from  the  township  of  West  Hartburn.  The 
defendants  pleaded  a  composition.  For  Killinghall  the  following  per- 
sons were  produced  as  witnesses : — Magdalen  Case  of  Middleton  one 
Eawe,  widow,  aged  53,  who  spoke  to  Wm.  KilHnghaLL's  dispute  22 
years  before,  and  that  she  received  the  cloke-money  and  corn  at  Darling- 
ton from  Francis  Foster  for  her  father-in-law,  Rector  Case ;  William 
Case  of  Middleton  one  Rowe,  yeoman,  aged  29,  the  rector's  grandson ; 
Francis  Killinghall  of  Middleton  George,  gent.,  aged  about  63,  who  had 
taken  tithe  for  his  father  Henry  Killinghall,  Esq. ;  Thomas  Killinghall 
of  Middleton  George,  gent.,  aged  44,  &c.108  "West  Hartburn  now  pays  a 
modus  only. 

During  the  great  rebellion  Mr.  Killinghall  had  to  pay  for  his  loyalty 
in  the  sum  of  4401.  as  composition  for  his  estates,  and  died  in  January 
1651-2.  "Our  good  frend  Mrs.  Hiington  and  her  husband  are  both 
ded,  and  Mr.  John  Kilingoul,"  was  the  intelligence  transmitted  on  Feb. 
19  by  Mrs.  Basire  to  her  exile  husband  touching  his  political  compani- 
ons. In  less  than  a  year  after  Mr.  Killinghall' s  death,  his  widow  had 
to  submit  to  the  ruling  powers  in  the  following  form : — 

I  doe  declare  and  promise  to  be  true  and  faithftill  to  the  Common 
Wealth  of  England  as  it  is  now  established  without  a  king  or  house  of 
lords. — MARGARETT  KILLINGHALL. 

These  are  to  certify  whome  it  may  concerne  that  Margaret  Killinghall 
of  Midleton  George  in  the  county  of  Durham  widdow  came  before  us, 
James  Clavering,  Esq.,  and  John  Walton,  Esq.,  Justices  assigned  to 
keepe  the  publique  peace  in  the  county  of  Durham,  at  Durham,  in  the 
county  aforesaid,  the  eleaventh  day  of  January,  in  the  yeare  of  our 
Lord  One  thousand  six  hundred  fifty  two ;  and  did,  then  and  there, 
before  us,  and  in  our  presence,  take  and  subscribe  the  ingagement  above 
written  according  to  the  Act  of  this  present  Parliament  in  that  behalfe 
set  fourth  and  provided.  In  Witnesse,  &c.,  JA  :  CLAVERINGE  [Seal,  the 
arms  of  MascaU],  JOHN  WALTON  [Seal,  the  arms  and  crest  of  Danby  of 
Danby  on  Yore/]  Witnesses,  &c.,  ED  :  PARKINSON,  THOMAS  KILLING- 
HALL,  THOm.  MASCALL.109 

108  AUan  Archives.       107  Echard's  England,  p.  482.       109  Chaytor  Archives. 


96  THE  TENURES  OF  MIDDLETON  ST.  GEORGE, 

Cotes  worth,  who  has  already  passed  us  as  a  trustee  for  the  Lambtons, 
shared  the  misfortunes  of  his  friends,  for,  1654,  the  coheiresses  were 
unjustly  kept  out  of  certain  lands,  the  inheritance  of  William  Lambton, 
deceased,  by  reason  of  the  recusancy  and  delinquency  of  Ralph  Cotes- 
worth,  who  conveyed  to  William  Rickarby.  On  this  occasion  there  was 
an  affidavit  of  Thomas  Killinghall  ofMiddleton  St.  George,  gent,  aged  40.110 

WILLIAM  KILLINGHALL  (1652-94)  son  and  heir  of  John,  was  now  re- 
presentative of  the  family.  In  1673,  he  married  Elizabeth  one  of  the 
daughters  and  coheiresses  of  Robert  Dodsworth,  Esq.,111  of  Barton,  in 
Richmondshire,  by  Margaret  daughter  of  Arthur  Hebburne,  of  Heb- 
burne,  and  through  this  marriage,  and  that  of  his  brother 
Robert  Killinghall  with  Mary  Dodsworth,  the  other  co- 
heiress, the  whole  possessions  of  the  Dodsworths  were 
eventually  brought  into  the  Killinghall  family,  Thomas 
Dodsworth,  the  only  brother  of  the  ladies,  dying  in  1680, 
childless.  Mr.  Killinghall  was  concerned  in  the  famous 
Fishgarth  Riot  of  1  Sep.  1681,  for  which  see  Surtees's 
Durham,  iii,  p.  203,  and  the  cause  of  the  rioters  was  ultimately  succes- 
ful,  for  on  "Dec.  12th,  1682,  the  fish-garth  belonging  to  Sir  Henry 
Marwood  and  Mr.  Belkington  was  pulled  down  to  the  halfe  water  as  far 
as  did  concerne  the  county  of  Durham.  Mr.  William  Bowes  came  with 
a  posse  comitatis  when  it  was  pulled  downe.  It  was  indited  as  a  com- 
mon newsance,  whereupon  a  verdict  was  given  and  judgment  and  exe- 
cution upon  the  verdict."113 

In  1678,  Mr.  Killinghall  had  lost  his  wife  after  a  marriage  of  only 
six  years,  and,  in  1691,  his  mother,  the  coheiress  of  Lambton,  died, 
having,  on  31  May,  1688,  made  a  will,  of  which  the  following  portions 
may  be  preserved. 

Margaret  Killinghall  of  Middleton  St.  George,  widdow,  well  stricken 
in  yeares  and  somewhat  indisposed,  but  of  a  sound  perfect  disposing 
mind  and  memory — soon  William  Killinghall  one  little  guilt  bowle,  one 
great  case  of  drawers,  and  my  great  Cambridge  Bible — grandsoon  Wil- 
liam Killinghall  the  younger  10?.  and  one  silver  tanckard — grand 
daughter  Margaret  Killinghall  10?.  and  one  flowered  silver  beaker,  or 
cupp  with  ears ;  and  a  little  silver  taster — grandchildren  Robert  Kil- 
linghall and  Elizabeth  Killinghall,  children  of  my  sonn  John  Killing- 
hall  late  deceased  10?.  each — said  Robert  Killinghall  one  plaine  silver 


10  Sworn  1654.     Chaytor  Archives. 

111  A  branch  from  Thornton  "Watlass 
anor  of  Barton. 

112  Killinghall  Rent  Accounts.     Allan  Archives. 


111  A  branch  from  Thornton  Watlass.     The  history  of  his  family  belongs  to  the 
manor  of  Barton. 


AND  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  KILLINGHALL.      97 

tumbler — said  Elizabeth  Killinghall  one  silver  pottinger,  and  a  small 
silver  tumbler — daughter  Ann  Woolridge113  wife  of  Phillipp  Woolridge 
gentleman — William  Killinghall  and  Thomas  Killinghall  soons  of  my 
nephew  Thomas  Killinghall  late  deceased114 — rings  20s.  each,  to  my 
nephew  Sir  "William  Chaytor  Barronet,  nephew  Mr.  Henry  Chaytor, 
neise  Ann  Oagle,  soon  in  law  Phillipp  Woolridge,  daughter  Ann  Wool- 
ridge,  sooji  William  Killinghall,  daughter  in  law  Mary  Pemberton, 
Rowland  Place  of  Dinsdale,  Esq.,  Mr.  Francis  Place — Residue  of  per- 
sonalty to  daughter  Ann  Woolridge — she  executor.115 

Mr.  Killinghall  was  on  good  terms  with  his  unfortunate  cousin  Sir 
William  Chaytor  of  Croft,  in  writing  to  whom,  in  1684,  he  uses  gilt- 
edged  paper.116  He  died  in  January  1 694-5, u7  having  made  his  will 
in  June  previous. 

William  Killinghall  of  Middleton  St.  George,  Esq.,  13  June,  1694— 
to  be  buried  in  my  parish  church  of  Middleton — son  William  Killing- 
hall — unkles  Mr.  Robert  Killinghall  and  Mr.  Henry  Killinghall — sister 
Mrs.  Ann  Woolrich — daughter  Margaret  Killinghall  1000?.  in  six  years, 
but  if  she  shall  refuse  to  consult  with  and  take  the  advice  of  the  super- 
visors to  this  will  and  do  undervalue  and  cast  herself  away  in  marriage 
with  any  person  against  their  consent,  only  500?. — mother-in-law  Mrs. 
Margaret  Chaytor,  Rowland  Place,  Esq.,  Lyonell  Vane,  Esq.,  Robert 
Bowes,  Esq.,  William  Pennyman,  Esq.,  Sir  William  Chaytor,  Mr. 
Henry  Chaytor,  uncles  Mr.  Robert  and  Henry  Killinghall,  nephew 
Robert  Killinghall  and  neece  Elizabeth  Killinghall,  children  of  my  late 
brother  John  Killinghall,  sister  Mrs.  Mary  Pemberton,118  brother  Wool- 
rich,  sister  Woolrich,  Mr.  Raigne  the  minister  of  this  parish,  Mr. 
Simon  Teale,  Captain  Arthur  Hebborn,  Mr.  Parcivall  Teale,  20s.  a 
peice  for  rings — my  servant  Ann  Teale  50?.  in  gratification  for  her  faith- 
full  and  good  services  [meretrix  ejusfuit,  GEO.  AILAIT,]  and  10?.  to  buy 
mourning  cloaths — son  William  executor — Robert  Bowes,  Esq.,  William 
Penniman  of  Normanby,  Esq..,  Rowland  Place,  Esq.,  and  Lyonell  Vane, 
Esq.,  supervisors.119 

WILLIAM  KILLINGHALL,  Esq.,  son  and  heir  (1695-1703),  soon  found 
it  necessary  to  put  an  end  to  the  incumbrances  on  his  Lambton  estates, 

113  Mrs.  Anne  Woolrich,  an  old  widow  gentlewoman  at  Darlington,  bur.  there  4 
Nov.,  1733  [aged  91]. 

114  See  Appendix  B. 

115  Copy  by  Richard  Hilton  of  Darlington,  one  of  the  witnesses.     Allan  Archives. 

116  Chaytor  Archives.  in  Surtees. 

118  Mary  Dodsworth,  after  John  Killinghall's  death  in  1682,  re-married  John  Pem- 
berton of  York  a  year  afterwards,  and  their  children  by  their  former  spouses  also 
made  a  match.  This  arrangement,  which  made  husband  and  wife  brother  and 
sister  in  law,  very  frequently  occurs  in  old  pedigrees. 

110  Attested  copy.     Allan  Archives. 


98  THE  TENURES  OF  MIDDLETON  ST.  GEORGE, 

which  had  probably  existed  from  the  times  of  the  civil  troubles.  The 
year  after  he  succeeded,  there  was  a  sale  by  his  trustees,  and  a  curious 
history  his  steward  gives  of  it. 

"  Robert  Colling  of  Long-Newton  bought  all  the  estate  at  Haughton 
field  at  1 20Q£.  Note.  Mr.  Colling  would  not  stand  to  the  bargaine  with- 
out abatement  of  10Z.  by  reason  his  money  had  laid  ready  some  time; 
and  Mr.  Spearman  calling  in  his  1600?.,  at  this  juncture  [we]  were 
glad  to  comply  with  him  and  Mr.  Ogle,  by  reason  wee  could  not  raise 
moneys  any  other  way  to  pay  Mr.  Spearman  of.  He  had  lent  the  same 
to  Mr.  Yane  [Lyonel  Vane,  Esq.]  for  Sir  Humphrey  Harbort,  soe  wee 
paid  it  to  Mr.  Yane  for  his  use  as  above  per  Mr.  Colling  6421.  By  Mr. 
Robert  Hilton  his  purchase  money  for  Ralph  Pincher  farme  with  half 
tyth  of  it  and  one  Mr.  Hilton  had  in  the  town  before  500?.  Of  Mr. 
Ogle's  that  C.  Pinckney  received  and  paid  Mr.  Yane  300?.  Item  paid 
him  by  other  money  had  of  Mr.  Richard  Wetherelt  and  Mr.  Francis 
Place120  [of  York]  as  account  with  Mr.  Yane  158?.  =  1600?. 

Mr.  Thomas  Ogle  bought  all  Mr.  Killinghalls  moiety  of  Stainton  at 
1650?.,  but  bafled  him  out  of  25?.  on  account  of  a  gentlewoman  Mr.  Ogle 
proposed  as  a  match  for  Mr.  J^illinghall,1^  which  if  he  had  married  the 
purchase  was  to  be  1600?.  onely,  but  [he]  was  to  pay  1625?." 

In  charging  interest  against  Robert  Colling  in  1699  for  the  Haughton 
field  sale  money,  "Mr.  Killinghall  thinks  tis  very  unreasonable  he  shod 
pay  interest  for  his  very  purchase  money  and  Mr.  Colling  have  the  rent 
of  the  land  which  should  have  paid  it. — And  as  Mr.  Colling  made  him 
abate  10?.  for  not  inakeing  out  the  title  to  Counsell  in  the  time  first  fixed 
upon,  it  is  very  unreasonable  he  should  suffer  for  the  wrightings  not 
beeing  ready  to  execute  at  Candlemas  when  he  should  have  seald  and 
paid  the  moneys  which  had  sunck  soe  much  interest  to  him." 

In  the  account  the  items  are 

To  the  Purchase  moneys  for  Haughton  fieild,  which  by  the  agreement 
between  Mr.  Killinghalls  trustees  and  Mr.  Robt.  Hilton  of  Stockton  was 
to  be  paid  or  interest  sunck  the  second  of  February  1696-7,  in  consider- 
ation of  which  the  purchaser  to  have  the  May  day  rents  next  following 
1200?.  To  the  interest  of  that  money  from  the  2d  of  February  96-7  to 
the  12°  Aprill  97,  13?.  19s.  5^.=1213?.  19*.  5d. 

"  The  jointured  widow  long  survives."  Never  was  there  truer  say- 
ing in  respect  of  this  gentleman's  grandmother.  The  widow  of  Robert 
Bodsworth  had  been  snapped  up  by  a  gallant  and  impoverished  loyalist, 
Colonel  Henry  Chaytor,  professedly  to  afford  him  the  very  means  of 
subsistence.122  "The  burial  of  my  noble  friend  Collonel  Chaytor,  was 

120  The  celebrated  painter  and  engraver.     See  Sykes'  Loc.  Rec,,  sub  1728, 
ffil  He  never  married. 
522  Charter  Archives 


AND  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  KILLINGHALL,       99 

the  25th  Oct.,  1664."  123  His  widow  was  then  three  score  and  five 
years  old.  Thirty  five  years  have  passed,  trouble  after  trouble  has 
reduced  the  Chaytors  to  something  near  akin  to  beggary — literal  beg- 
gary as  to  the  head  of  the  house,  the  poor  Baronet  of  the  Fleet  prison14 
— and  here,  in  1699,  Margaret  Chaytor  of  Barton,  widow,  is  still  entitled 
to  90£.  per  annum  out  of  Croft  estate.  There  were  great  arrears,  as 
well  there  might  be,  and  William  Killinghall  of  Barton  had  advanced  to 
her  401.  He  is  her  descendant,  and  the  Chaytors  have  no  privity  of 
blood,  yet  for  the  love  she  bears  to  the  old  baronet's  spendthrift  sons, 
she  agrees  to  take  301.  per  annum  only,  "William  Killinghall' s  score  is 
to  be  cleared  oif  by  41.  per  annum  for  four  years,  and  the  remainder  of 
the  90Z.  is  parcelled  out  among  the  young  Chaytors  and  their  sister 
Anne.123  The  old  lady  will  outlive  that  grandson  Killinghall,  for  he 
breaks  his  leg  by  falling  down  stairs  in  the  Manor  House  at  Barton, 
and  his  death  is  the  result  about  New-year's  day,  1702-3.  On  25  Sep- 
tember, 1703,  the  veteran  of  three  centuries  (she  was  born  about  1598) 
thinks  she  must  make  her  will,  but  she  can  only  sign  it  with  three 
strokes,  though  in  "  health  of  body  and  of  sound,  good,  and  perfect  me- 
mory." It  belongs  to  the  history  of  the  Dodsworths,  and  it  is  sufficient 
to  say  here,  that  among  her  bequests  to  her  granddaughter  Elizabeth 
Killinghall  (afterwards  Pemberton),  she  leaves  "  her  bed  wherein  her 
dear  grandson  William  Killinghall,  Esq.,  deceased,  did  formerly  lie," 
and  to  her  residuary  legatee,  "  her  dearly  beloved  grandchild  Margaret 
Killinghall,  in  tender  consideration  of  the  love  and  respect  she  bore 
unto  her  and  of  7/.  which  she  borrowed  and  did  owe  her,  the  bed  in 
her  own  chamber  whereon  she  now  laid."  She  died  24  Feb.,  1703-4, 
aged  105. 

MARGARET  KILLINGHALL  (1703-1706),  sister  and  solo  heir  of  William, 
on  22  Nov.,  1704,  made  her  will. 

Margarett  Killinghall  of  Barton  co.  Yorke  spinster — I  do  entirely 
and  sincerly  submitt  my  selfe,  soul  and  body,  and  all  that  I  have,  to  the 
gracious  providence  of  Almighty  God ;  not  doubting  but,  when  he  shall 
call  me  out  of  this  mortall  and  sinfull  state  to  appear  before  him  in  his 
glory,  he  will  mercifully  receive  my  soul,  and  accept  of  that  ransom 
which  my  blessed  Savior  Jesus  Christ  hath  paid  as  a  propitiacion  for 

183  St.  Cuthbert's,  Barton,  Par.  Register. 

124  He  was  continually  pawning  an  old  ancestral  ring  of  considerable  value,  which 
he  calls  "old  Clervaux."  But  his  troubles  form  a  long  and  curious  subject,  and 
must  not  be  disturbed  piecemeal- 

J25  Chaytor  Archives. 


100  THE  TENURES  OF  MIDDLETON  ST.  GEORGE, 

my  sins,  in  whose  meritts  entirely  I  confide,  having  been  educated  and 
bred  up  in  that  and  other  articles  of  faith  professed  in  the  Church  of 
England,  in  whose  communion  I  have  lived,  and  hope,  by  the  mercy 
and  favor  of  Almighty  God,  to  do  —  property  at  Middleton  St.  George, 
Trafford  Hill,  and  Dinsdale  to  couzen  Robert  Killinghall  of  Middleton 
St.  George  as  by  former  deed  —  rem.,  being  desirous  that  all  my  heredi- 
taments shall  remain  and  be  in  the  name  or  blood  of  the  Killinghalls  so 
long  as  it  shall  please  God  to  continue  the  same,  to  cozen  William  Kil- 
linghall of  Holy  Island  and  heirs  male  —  rem.  to  Thomas  Killing- 
hall,125  my  cozen,  brother  of  the  said  William  Killinghall  and  heirs 
male  —  rem.  to  my  right  heirs.  —  [the  Manner  of  Barton  alias  Barton 
Graing  with  same  remainders,  but  in  the  case  of  llobert  Killinghall 
only  they  are  enlarged  to  his  daughters  as  tenants  in  common].  —  To 
Elizabeth  wife  of  Wm.  Pemberton  of  New  Castle  upon  Tine  Gent.  20?. 
p.  ann.  —  aunt  Mary  Pemberton  —  her  three  sons  John,  Thomas,  and 
Francis  —  children126  of  my  uncle  Henry  Killinghall  —  20Z.  to  poor  of 
Barton,  same  to  poor  of  Middleton  St.  George  —  unto  my  kind  friend 
Mr.  Christopher  Pinckney  of  Eriholme  co.  Yorke  Gent,  in  considera- 
cion  of  his  great  kindness  and  service  done  to  me  and  my  family  20?., 
to  be  by  him  laid  out  in  a  piece  of  plate  with  my  late  brother's  coat  of 
armes  to  be  engraven  thereupon  —  to  the  said  Elizabeth  Pemberton 
linnen  in  the  closett  at  Barton  and  the  large  silver  tanckerd  which  was 
my  grandmothers  Chaytors  and  also  two  silver  porringers  —  to  my  aunt 
Woolridge  the  silver  caudlecup  which  she  gave  me  —  residue  to  my  said 
cozen  Robert  —  he  sole  executor. 


KillingJiall  quartering  \ 
Lamlton.  Crest,  the  ram's  > 
head  of  Lanibton.  } 

This  will  was  useless,  for  on  the  5th  May  following  the  worthy  spin- 
ster entered  into  marriage  settlements  with  Cuthbert  Pepper,  Esq.,  of 
Moulton,  and  was  buried  exactly  ten  months  afterwards,  5  March, 
1705-6,  dying,  in  all  probability,  in  child-birth. 

ROBERT  KILLINGHALL,  Esq.,  son 
and  heir  of  John  Killinghall,  bro- 
ther of  William  Killinghall,  father 
of  Mrs.  Pepper,  succeeded.128  — 
(1706-1758.)  Engravings  of  the 
seal  used  by  him,  and  the  crest 
uponhis  plate,  both  already  referred 

125  See  Appendix  B. 

120  Probably  females,  as  the  Holy  Island  cousins  are  preferred  as  inheritors  of  the 
estate.  m  Allan  Archives.  Original. 

128  Add  to  Surtees  :—  "born  30  May  (Family  Bible)  :  bap.  8  June,  1682,  at  Hur- 
worth."  In  1717,  his  cousin  Henry  Chaytor,  Esq.,  by  a  will  which  was  a  firebrand 
in  his  family,  makes  him  a  trustee),  and  leaves  him  20£.  and  a  young  grey  mare. 
Mrs.  "Woolrich  was  a  witness  to  support  the  will. 


AND  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  KILLINGI1ALL.     101 

to,  are  presented  by  Mr.  Allan.     By  his  first  wife  Jane,  daughter  of 
George  Allan  of  Darlington,  Esq.,  he  had  issue. 

JOHN  KILLINGHALL,  Esq,,  ultimus  suorum,  who  died  20  June,  1762, 
aged  35,  unmarried,  The  funeral  ceremonies  of  the  last  heir  male  of 
his  ancient  house  cannot  be  uninteresting. 

JOHN  KTLLINGHALL,  Esoji.,  FUNERAL,  Saturday,  26  June  1762,  one  o'clock. 

ORDER  OF  FUNERAL. 

Boom  with  corps.  Mutes  with  cloaks,  hatbands  [gloves]  and  staves. 
Half  an  hour  past  ten.  John  Dunn,  John  Bell. 

To  stand  at  Mrs.  Eden's  door.  Half  an  hour  past  ten.  Mutes  with 
cloaks,  hatbands  [gloves]  and  staves.  Jonathan  Bellanby,129  Thomas 
Hobson. 

To  stand  at  Posthouse  door.  Mutes  with  cloaks,  hatbands  [gloves] 
and  staves.  Half  an  hour  past  ten.  Bichard  Beah,  John  Bymer. 

To  shew  mourners,  gentlemen  with  scarfs,  and  tenants,  to  the  Post- 
house  to  dine  there,  as  named  in  the  list,  11  o'clock.  Bichard  Bland. 

To  shew  Darlington  gentlemen  with  scarfs  to  Mrs.  Eden's  house, 
Yellow  Boom,  one  o'clock,  as  named  in  the  list.  Francis  Wilson, 
clerk. 

Darlington  other  people  to  be  shewn  into  Mrs.  Eden's  house  as  long 
as  there's  room.  Then  to  be  shewn  to  Mr.  Bichard  Bland  and  Mr. 
Cloudsley's  houses.  Erancis  Wilson. 

Company :  Mrs.  Eden's  house.  To  serve  round  with  a  glass  of  white 
wine  first.  Then  a  glass  of  red.  Erancis  Hunt,  Edward  Dunning. 

Company:  Mr.  Bichardson's,  Bichard  Bland' s,  Mr,  Cloudsley's,  Mrs. 
Shepherd's  houses.  To  serve  round  with  a  glass  of  white  wine  first. 
Then  a  glass  of  red.  Mrs.  Killinghall's  servant,  William  Morgan. 

Tenants  :  Posthouse  :  Isaac  Bobinson's  room.  To  serve  tenants  and 
gentlemen's  servants  with  a  glass  of  white  wine  first.  Then  a  glass  of 
red.  Mrs.  Killinghall's  servant,  William  Morgan. 

Tenants'  hatbands  and  gloves  to  be  delivered  as  directed  by  list.  Mrs. 
Greenhow's  man. 

Hatbands  and  gloves  to  be  given  to  gentlemen's  servants  as  they  come. 
Mrs.  Greenhow's  man. 

To  give  Mr.  Allan  notice  when  all  are  served  and  ready  to  move. 
Erancis  Hunt,  John  Boys,  Edward  Dunning,  Mrs.  Killinghall's  servant, 
William  Morgan. 

Mourners  to  go  on  notice  from  Posthouse  to  Mrs.  Eden's  parlour  and 
there  put  on  cloaks. 

Corps  put  in  the  Hearse. 

Coachman,  Hearse;  John  Joyrden;  Mrs.  Eden's  George;  Mr.  Boys' 
post-boy— All  to  be  ready  with  cloaks  on  at  Mrs.  Eden's  door  exactly  at 
2  o'clock.  Mrs.  Greenhow's  man. 

129  In  another  list  Bellanby  and  Beah  are  transposed  in  their  localities. 


102  THE  TENURES  OF  MIDDLETON  ST.  GEORGE, 

Four  mutes  with  staves,  2  and  2.  To  be  ready  mounted  on  horse- 
back to  go  before  the  hearse  before  the  corps  are  brought  out.  Mrs. 
Greenhow's  man. 

Tenants  all  to  be  mounted  on  horseback,  before  the  corps  are  brought 
out,  and  to  be  ready  to  go  off  before  the  mutes  2  and  2.  Mrs.  Green- 
how's  man. 

Tenants  go  first,  2  and  2.  [Barton  tenants,  hatbands  and  gloves. 
Tho.  Lax,  James  Dunn,  Andrew  Armstrong,  James  Forster,  Thomas 
Watson,  Thomas  Marshall. — Middleton  Tenants.  Robert  Kay,  John 
Wright,  Thomas  Wilkinson,  John  E-oantree,  Thomas  Mitchinson,  John 
Robson,  Christopher  Jackson,  Christopher  Richardson  (scarf). — Yarm 
Tenants.  Mr.  Waldie,  George  Merry  wether,  Richard  Ellis,  Michael 
Welsh,  Roger  Shepherd  at  Maltby  near  Yarm.] 

Mutes  follow,  2  and  2.  [Hatbands  and  gloves.] 

[To  ride  before  the  corps  with  cloaks.  Francis  Hunt,  Edward  Dun- 
ning, William  Morgan,  Ralph  Wilson,  hatbands  and  gloves.130 

Hearse  [coachman,  hearse,  hatband  and  gloves,  postilion  the  same]. 

Mourners'  coaches. 

Miss  Allan's  coach  [John  Joyrden,  hatband  and  gloves.] — Mrs. 
Eden's  chaise  [Mrs.  Eden's  George,  hatband  and  gloves.] — Miss  Allan's 
chaise  [John  Boys,  postboy,  hatband  and  gloves]. 

Bearers,  2  and  2. 

Gentlemen  with  scarfs,  2  and  2.  [Darlington  scarfs;  Dr.  Trotter, 
Mr.  Rudd,  Mr.  Thomas  Lee,  Mr.  Holmes,  Hen.  Ornsby,  Capt.  Clement, 
Mr.  Francis  Lowson,  Mr.  Cloudsley,  Mr.  Robson,  Mr.  John  Boyes 
(house  used),  Mr.  Truman,  Dr.  Laidman,  Dr.  Turner,  Mr.  Plewes, 
Francis  Wilson,  clerk  (invited),  Mr.  Thirkeld,  Mr.  Wood  (parson), 
Richard  Bland  (invited  company),  Mr.  Richard  Richardson  (house 
used).  Other  places,  scarfs;  Mr.  Hodgson,  Fieldhouse;  Mr.  John 
Mewburn,  Mr.  Harrison,  Blackwell ;  Mr.  Simpson,  Richmond ;  Mr. 
Hartley,  Middleton  Tyas ;  Mr.  Colling,  Mr.  Harrison,  Hurworth ;  Mr. 
Ward,  Mr.  Addison,  Dindsdale ;  Mr.  Cowper,  S.H.G.,  Mr.  Richardson, 
tenant,  Mr.  Stephenson,  Middleton;  Dr.  Kirton,  Mr.  Isaac  Sparke, 
Mr.  Thomas  Newsham,  Mr.  Appleton,  Mr.  Michael  Robinson,  Mr. 
Hppkinson,  Yarm ;  Mr.  Hardcastle,  Haughton ;  Mr.  Mewburn,  Croft ; 
Richard  Ellis,  tenant,  Yarm;  Mr.  William  Newsham,  Yarm.] 

All  other  persons  to  follow.  [Middleton  Parish  out  houses  ;  gloves 
sent  to  Middleton;— Mr.  Wrightson;  Wm.  Smith;  Tho.  Wilkinson ; 
Wm.  Stonehouse ;  Wm.  lanson ;  Jonathan  Garbut ;  Robert  Todd ; 
Matt.  Middleton,  B. ;  George  Middleton ;  Wm.  Middleton ;  John 
Ware  ;  Michael  Sadler ;  Nicholas  Salvin ;  Silvanus  Arrowsmith  ;  John 
Pincher,  Junr.,  B. ;  James  Cooke  ;  John  Wright,  B. — Hiddleton-one- 
Row  ;—  Robert  Pearson;  Edward  Walker ;  Wm.  Bamlet;  John  Ditch- 
burn  ;  Isaac  Garbut;  Matt.  Graham,  B. ;  Nicholas  Gascoigne ;  John 
Pincher,  clerk;  Tho.  Oliver;  Peter  Douglas;  Martin  Cock;  John 

130  Mrs.  Killinghall's  servant  follows  in  the  list  of  hatbands  and  gloves,  hut  the 
mark  of  delivery  is  wanting,  and  he  is  not  bracketed  into  the  number  to  ride.  Yet 
perhaps  he  did  so,  as  he  was  with  the  rest  in  giving  Mr.  Allan  notice  of  readiness  to 
move. 


AND  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  KILLINGHALL.     103 

Christillow  ;  Ralph  Wright,  B.  ;  Edward  Wright,  B.  ;  James  Carter  ; 
George  Addison,  B.  ;  "William  Allan,  B.  ;  William  Kirk  ;  Wm.  Smith, 
miller.  —  Darlington  List.  Edw.  Colling  ;  John  Appleby  ;  Mr.  Wright  ; 
Dr.  Trotter's  servant  (hatband)  ;  Mr.  Morland  ;  Mr.  Burrell  ;  Michael 
Colling  ;  Mr.  Curry  ;  Mr-  Darnton  ;  Mr.  Sober  ;  Mr.  Rudd's  appren- 
tice j  Mr.  Kirton  ;  Mr.  Angle  j  Henry  Watson  ;  Mr.  Richardson,  re- 
turned, quaker  ;  Mr.  Thorne  ;  Mr.  Lax  ;  Mr.  William  Dent  ;  Mr.  Reed  ; 
Mr.  Stobbs,  Old  Hall  j  John  Wilson  ;  Mr.  Wharton  ;  Joseph  Cunning- 
ham ;  Tho.  Robinson  ;  Mr.  Wakefield,  returned,  quaker  ;  Mr.  Coates  ; 
Mr.  Daniel  ;  Mr.  Maddeson  ;  Mr.  Kendry  ;  Mr.  Grundy  ;  Thomas  Stel- 
ling  j  Thomas  Hedley  ;  Isaac  Linsley,  returned,  quaker  ;  Thomas  Col- 
ling ;  James  Manners  ;  Richard  Booth  ;  John  Hayton  ;  Hen.  Wright  ; 
Wm.  Moor;  George  Mempress;  Mr.  Hedley,  returned,  quaker;  Mr. 
Backhouse,  ditto;  Mr.  Philips,  ditto;  Mr.  Hall;  Isaac  Atkinson;131 
Richard  Lee  ;  Mr.  John  Clement  ;  Mr.  Wastell  ;  Mr.  Stobbs  ;  Mr.  Edw. 
Lowson  132  ;  Mr.  Era.  Lowson,  his  clerk,  Peter  Collier  ;  Richard  Preston, 
sexton;  Geo.Chrisop;  Mr.  Terry;  Phil.  Carter;  John  Norton;  Robert 
Dunn  ;  Robert  Ward;  Mr.  Page;  Hump  Thompson;  Mr.  Aire;  Wm.Stel- 
ling  ;  Ed.  Pease,  returned,  quaker  ;  Christopher  Wardale  ;  Isaac  Rob- 
inson ;  Mr.  Parkin  ;  Mr.  Wilson  ;  Mr.  Litster  ;  Mr.  Pease  ;  Mr.  Thorn- 
hill,  not  well,  returned  ;  Mr.  Pratt  ;  George  Shaw  ;  Mr.  Greenhow's 
man  ;  Mr.  Forster  ;  Mr.  Ogden  ;  William  Trace  ;  Mr.  Granger  ;  Mr. 
Ridsdale;  Geo.  Bainbridge;  Mr.  Stowell;  Mr.  Steadman;  Francis 
Boyes;  Tho.  Stalling;  Tho.  Robson;  Rob.  Luck;  John  Coarson;  —  Hal- 
lowell  ;  Mr.  Duperoy  ;  Thos.  Johnson  ;  John  Greathead  ;  Mr.  Tunstall  ; 
George  Appleton;  Nicholas  Cooke  ;  William  English.  —  Darlingtori,  Women. 
Gloves  Mrs.  Chipsis;  Mrs.  Hilton;  Mrs.  York;  Mrs.  Plummer;  Mrs. 
Newby;  Mrs.  Shepherd;  Mrs.  Hall;  Mrs.  Stephenson  ;  Mrs.  Maulev- 
ererj  Mrs.  Bowes;  Miss  Smart;  Mrs.  Noble;  Mrs  Shepherd;  Miss 
Madgson;  Mrs.  Allinson  ;  Miss  Brockett;  Mrs.  Greenhow  ;  Mrs.  Hall; 
Mrs.  Mary  Plewes  ;  Ann  Hedley  ;  —  Lonsdale  ;  Sarah  Santas  ;  Mrs. 
Parkinson  ;  Mrs.  Cade,  Greentree  ;  Bechy  Dobson  ;  Mrs.  Proctor  ;  Cordy 
Dickinson  ;  John  Wright's  wife,  tenant  at  Middleton  ;  Citty  Richard- 
son's wife  ;  John  Allinson,  Yarm  ;  Margery  Wood  ;  Alice  Adamson.~| 

Corps  to  be  set  down  on  the  thistles  standing  in  the  field  before  church- 
yard. 

Under  bearers  to  take  up  corps,  shoulder  height. 

Bearers  in  order  to  take  hold  of  pall  and  walk  forward  to  church. 

Left  hand  bearer.  Right  hand  bearer. 

Scarf  upon  right  shoulder.  Scarf  on  left  shoulder. 

Mr.  Holmes  '98  "WW  -^r-  Bendlowes 

Mr.  Eden  <£9£1  Mr.  Bland 

Mr.  Witham  'aunf  OS  ^™10  ^r-  Farmer 

Mr.  Arderne  -bsg;  nBTt^n!ITT3[  nW    -^r-  Chaytor 


131  No  mark  of  delivery.  13a  No  mark  of  delivery, 


104 


THE  TENURES  OF  MIDDLETON  ST.  GEORGE, 


Mourners. 

Left  hand.  Eight  hand. 

Francis  Pemberton  John  Pemberton 

Sober  Allan  John  Allan 

James  Allan,  Junr.  James  Allan 

Leonard  Eobinson  Robert  Allan 

To  give  dole,  6d.  and  3d.    Henry  Ornsby,  Mr.  Christopher  Eichardson. 
Eings.     8  bearers,  8  mourners,  Dr.  Trotter,  Mr.  Eudd,  Mr.  Cowper, 
Mr.  Wood,  Mrs.  Brown,  Mrs,  Pinckney,  Miss  Allan,  Mrs.  Eden. 

WILLIAM  PEMBERTON,  grandson  of  Elizabeth  the  aunt  of  John  Kil- 
linghall  and  devisee  (1762-1778)  married  Winifred 


Cocks  of  Plymouth,  and  his  son  and  heir  WILLIAM 
PEMBEBTON,  Esq.  (1778-1801)  devised  the  manor  to 
his  maternal  aunts,  to  the  prejudice  of  his  cousin  and 
heir-at-law,  George  Allan,  Esq.,  M.P.,  who,  with  a 
view  to  invalidate  the  will,  had  a  trial  at  law  at  the 
Durham  Assizes  in  1806,  when  a  verdict  passed  in 
favor  of  the  parties  claiming  under  the  will,  and  the  Cocks  family  have 
since  remained  in  the  undisturbed  enjoyment  of  the  estate.133 

The  representation  of  Killinghall,  however,  vested  in  the  descend- 
ants of  James  Allan,  Esq.,  of  Blackwell  Grange,  by  Elizabeth  Pem- 
berton, the  only  daughter  of  John  Killinghall's  aunt 
who  left  issue,  and  through  a  devise  from  the  latter 
gentleman  to  his  maternal  aunt  Hannah  Eden  (for- 
merly Allan)  the  manors  of  Barton  eventually  fol- 
lowed the  blood  of  their  ancient  owners,  and  are  now 
vested  in  Eobert  Henry  Allan,  Esq.,  of  Blackwell 
Hall,  High  Sheriif  of  the  county  of  Durham  in  1851, 
and  chief  of  the  House  of  Allan,  who  quarters  the  shields  given  in 
this  article. 


133  Hist,  of  Darlington. 


AND  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  KILLINGHALL.       105 


APPENDIX  A. 

KILLING HA.LL  OP  BEBWICK  AND  LONDON. 

THE  following  descent  from  Ralph  Killinghall,  brother  to  Henry  Kil- 
linghall,  stands  in  the  Harl.  MS.,  1540,  p.  163,  as  given  in  italics. 
Some  Berwick  Registers  are  applied  in  ordinary  type. 

RALPH  KILLINGHALL,  Captain  of  the  Garrison  of  Berwick,  married 
Dorothy and  had  issue 

Mary,  bur.  25  Aug.,  1578. 

Henry,  bur  22  Jan.,  1589. 

Elizabeth,  bap.  26  Ap.,  1591,  bur.  3  Feb.  1604. 

Joseph,  bap.  8  Dec.,  1594. 

Eobert,  bap.  10  Aug.,  1596. 

Phillis,  bur.  15  Dec.,  1596. 

His  wife  Dorothy  was  bur.  10  Sep.,  1596.  He  married  secondly, 
Isabel  daughter  of  Thomas  Manners  of  CheswicL1  [Ralph  Killinghall 
and  Esabel  Ogle  were  married  13  Oct.,  1597.]  and  ly  her  had  issue 

?  Elenor,  bur.  26  Sep.,  1599  [perhaps  of  the  former  marriage]. 
RALPH,  bap.  30  May,  1599,  of  whom  below. 
Margery,  bap.  19  May,  1-601. 

George,  bap.  Dec.,  1603,  bur.  26  Feb.,  1608,  died  without  issue. 
Elizabeth,  bap.  30  March,  1609,  bur.  18  May,  1609,  died  without  issue. 
[Perhaps  the  MS.  refers  to  a  third  Elizabeth.] 

Isabella  Killinghall,  widow,  was  buried  5  Nov.,  1642. 
RALPH  KILLINGHALL  of  London,  married  Elizabeth  daughter  of  Myles 
Preseott  of  Hackney,  co.  Middlesex,  and  ly  her  had  issue 

?  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Ralph,  bap.  25  Nov.,  1639,  at  Berwick. 

1.  Ralph,  died  young. 

2.  John. 

3.  Frances,  died  young. 

1  The  marriage  occurs  in  Mundy's  pedigree  of  Manners.  Her  mother  was 
Margaret  eldest  daughter  of  Sir  Henry  Orde  of  Orde.  She  seems  to  have  been  pre- 
viously married  to  an  Ogle. 


106  THE  TENURES  OF  MIDDLETON  ST.  GEORGE,  &c. 


APPENDIX  B. 

KILLINGHALL    OF   HOLY   ISLAND. 

This  branch  appears  to  stand  thus  : 

William  Killinghall,  of  Middleton  St.  George,  Esq.,  bur.  1644.=pSusan  Moore. 

John  Killinghall,    Thomas  Killinghall,  bap.  at  Sockbnrn  21  July,  1607  ;  of  London ;  men-=j= 

of  Middleton  St.  tioned  in  his  father's  will  1642.     Qu.  Thomas  Killinghall  of  Middleton       living 

George,    buried  St.  George,  gent.,  aged  40,  1654.     Thomas  Killine;hall  bur.  24  June,       1642. 

1651.     yf,  1663,  at  Middleton. 

1.  Thomas  Killinghall,  eldest  son,  mentioned  by  his  =5=  Qu.  "  Mrs   Mary  Kiliinghall    2.  William, 
grandfather.  1642.      "  Master  Thomas  Killinghall        of  Middletonin  Yorkshire," 


bur.  I  Aug.  1682,"  at  Holy  Island;  mentioned  by 
Mrs.  Margaret  Killinghall  as  late  deceased,  1688. 


bur.  3  June,  1688,  at  Holy 
Island. 


William  Killinghall,  mentioned  by  Mrs.  Margaret  Killing-  Thomas,  mentioned  1688;  of=^= 
hall,  1688;  of  Holy  Island  1704,  when  he  was  put  in  Holy  Island,  yeoman,  1697  ;  in  j 

remainder  to  the  Middleton  estate  by  his  second  cousin  remainder  to  his  brother  Wil- 

Margaret.  Ham  1704. 

l ______ _____i —  _____ — ____________ _____  ,.,  .  J 

Thomas  Killinghall,  apprenticed  to  John  Morresby  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  barber-chirurgeon. 
21  Oct.  1697.  On  11  July,  1699,  he  chose  to  serve  out  the  remainder  of  histimewith  John  Raine. 
He  does  not  appear  to  have  been  made  free. 


W.  HYLTON  DYER  LONGSTAFFE,  F.S.A. 
Gateshead. 


107 


BISHOP  BEE'S  CHARTER  OF  LANDS  AT  NETTLESWORTH. 

THE  interesting  charter  which  is  given  below,  is  from  the  muniments  of 
title  relating  to  the  manor  of  Nettlesworth,  and  is  the  carving  out  from 
the  demesne  of  the  see  of  a  considerable  estate  of  new  freehold  in  the 
county  of  Durham,  in  1308.  Tn  1378,  John  Gategang  died  seized  of 
the  manor  of  Nettlesworth,  held  by  homage,  fealty,  and  26s.  Sd.  Ex- 
chequer rent.  In  Hatfield's  Survey  Master  John  de  Hagthorp  appears 
among  the  free  tenants  of  Framwelgate  as  holding  the  manor  of 
Nettilwortb  and  41  acres  of  land,  late  Master  William  de  Lambeton's, 
by  foreign  service  and  the  rent  of  27*.  Among  the  Exchequer  lands  of 
Framwellgate  we  find  him  holding  an  acre  of  land,  formerly  Simon 
Stelley's,  and  afterwards  the  Master  of  Sherburn's,  and  the  27  acres 
and  1  rood  in  Holyside,  comprised  in  the  following  charter,  (the  same 
master  of  Sherburn  occuring  as  successor  to  James  Spicer)  by  the  rent 
of  26s.  Sd.  He  also  held  3  acres  extra  portam  de  Nettilworth,  by 
2s.  4d.,  and  a  toft  and  35  acres  of  land  called  Bararce  by  17s.  6d.  The 
Hagthorpes  held  the  manor  estate  until  1607,  when  they  sold  it  to  the 
Conyers  family  of  Horden.  In  1 769,  the  co-heiresses  of  Sir  Baldwin 
Conyers  alienated  to  Henry  Askew,  Esq.,  of  Redheugh,  and  the  estate 
remains  in  his  family,  to  whose  kindness  the  Society  is  indebted  for 
this  valuable  communication  to  the  territorial  history  of  the  Palatinate. 

Antonius,  permissione  divina  sanctas  lerosolomitanaB  Ecclesiae  Patri- 
archa,  et  Episcopus  Dunolm',  &c. — Dilecto  et  fideli  nostro  Jacobo  le 
Spicer  de  Dunolm',  novem  acras  et  dimidiam  terree  juxta  parcum  de 
Beaurepaire :  Item,  quatuordecim  acras  terrse  juxta  le  Nunneker :  Item, 
octo  acras  et  dimidiam,  et  dimidiam  rodam  terree  juxta  Surmilkeden  :x 
Item,  viginti  septem  acras  unam  rodam  et  dimidiam  terrse  in  Holleyside 
juxta  Nettelworth :  Et  in  Nettelworth  duas  acras  terree  quse  fuerunt 
Johannis  Madur  :  Item,  sexdecim  acras  et  tres  rodas  terraB  in  Whiteley 
"Wode  qua3  fuerunt  Gilberti  de  Overindon :  Item,  decem  acras  terrae  in 
le  Greneker  :  et  dimidiam  acram  prati  in  Surmilkeden.  Habend',  &c., 
Jacobo  et  heredibus  suis,  de  nobis  et  successoribus  nostris  Episcopis 
Dunolm'  imperpetuum.  Reddendo,  &c.,  ad  scaccarium  nostrum  Dunolm' 

1  Souremylkden  is  mentioned  in  Hatfield's  Survey  under  Framwellgate,  16  acres 
near  it  were  waste  land. 


1 08      BISHOP  BEK'S  CHARTER  OF  LANDS  AT  NETTLESWORTH. 

sexagiata  unum  solidos  et  quatuor  denarios,  ad  quatuor  anni  terminos 
in  episcopatu  nostro  Dunolm'  generaliter  constitutos.  Yolentes  et  con- 
cedentes  eidem  Jacobo  quod  ipse  et  heredes  sui  habeant  communam 
pasturae  in  omnibus  boscis  et  pasturis  nostris  de  Cestria  et  circa  Dunolm', 
ubi  alii  tenentes  nostri  de  Cestria  et  de  Framwellegate  communeant.2 
Salvis  nobis  et  successoribus  nostris  predictis  approwamentis  nostris  in 
vastis  nostris  ubicunque  ad  voluntatem  nostram  faciendis.  In  cujus, 
&c.  Hiis  testibus,  Domino  Stephano  de  Maulay  Archidiacono  Clive- 
land,  tune  senescallo  nostro  Dunolm' ;  Roberto  de  Hilton,  Bicardo 
Marmeduk,  Thoma  de  Whiteworth,  militibus;  Domino  Rogero  de 
Waltham  cauonico  London,  cancellario  nostro ;  Magistris  Johanne  de 
Insula,  Johanne  de  Botheby  et  Domino  Roberto  de  Littelbiry  receptore 
nostro  Dunolm',  clericis  nostris ;  Johanne  Schirlok,  Ricardo  de  Stanlawe 
tune  vicecoraite  nostro  Dunolm',  Petro  de  Bolton  et  aliis.  Dat.  apud 
Aukeland  nono  die  mensis  Februarii,  Anno  Domini  Millesimo  Trecen- 
tesimo  Octavo,  Patriarchatus  nostri  tertio,  et  consecrationis  nostrse 
vicesimo  sexto.3 — In  dorso,  in  manu  recentiori. — Hollysyde  alias  Grene- 
syd  et  2  acras  terrse  in  Nettlesworth. 

-  Sic. — C'onimnnio,  are,  is  the  verb  given  in  the  Law-Latin  Dictionary  from  Ras- 
tall's  Entries,  539. 

3  The  seal  is  sewn  up,  and  is  a  mass  of  fragments. 


109 


LUMLEY  LETTERS.1 

RICHAED  LUMLEY,  EAEL  OF  SCAEBEOUGH,  2  TO  ME.  RALPH  GOWLAND. 

I  HAVE  receaved  yours  of  the  18,  of  the  21,  and  of  the  26  of  the  last.  lam 
very  sorry  to  heare  that  Mr.  Henry  Liddle  did  not  advise  with  you,  but  Sir 
Henry  told  me  he  did  with  Mr.  Barnes.  Pray  let  Mr.  Tempest3  know  that 
commend  his  charity  in  the  supporting  the  Mayor  of  Hartlepole,  but 
that  he  must  not  expect  to  see  my  title*  tel  he  forces  me  to  it,  and  pray 
take  all  just  methodes  for  the  gitting  of  what  is  due  to  me.  Lord 
Lumley5  gives  you  many  thanks  for  your  kind  enquirey  after  his  health, 
and  his  brother6  is  your  sarvant.  Lord  Lumley,  the  night  after  the 
battell,7  was  commanded  out  of  his  bed  to  assist  at  the  buriall  of  the 
dead  bodies,  where  he  got  a  violent  feaver,  which  turned  to  a  quarterne 
ague,  but  I  hope  the  by  the  care  of  Doctor  Garth,8  whoe  is  his  phycitian, 
he  will  have  noe  more  of  it,9  excuse  my  not  writing  to  you  souner.  I 
have  labored  under  severall  troubles  sence  I  saw  you,  and  I  doe  hartily 
condole  yours,  for  I  am  most  sencerely  yours  and  your  families  sarvant. 
SCAEBEOUGH.  December  1,  1709.  Por  Mr.  Ralph  Gowland,  Attorney, 
at  his  house  in  Durham,  Durham.  Frank,  SCAEBEOUGH. 

1  Communicated  by  Mr.  Trueman  of  Durham. 

2  Surtees  characterizes  Mm  as  "one  of  the  most  honourable  and  unimpeached 
characters  of  the  age."     Although  he  had  but  lately  withdrawn  himself  from  the 
Roman  church,  he  marched  his  Sussex  militia  for  James  II.  against  the  western  in- 
surrection, sent  forth  his  parties  in  every  direction  to  secure  Monmouth  after  his 
flight,  and  shared  with  Portman  the  duty  of  watching  him  day  and  night  until  he 
was  within  the  walls  of  Whitehall.     Notwithstanding  this  eminent  service  he  found 
himself  abhorred  by  the  court  as  a  renegade,  and,  when  the  sins  and  stupidity  of  the 
house  of  Stuart  had  reached  their  climax,  he  openly  countenanced  the  seven* bishops 
on  their  trial,  and  was  one  of  the  seven  men  who  signed  the  invitation  to  "William. 
He  seized  Newcastle,  where  he  was  welcomed  with  transport;  argued  powerfully 
for  the  vacancy  of  the  throne,  and  the  settlement  on  the  Prince  and  Princess  of 
Orange  ;  attended  "William  in  all  his  campaigns;  and  died  in  1721,  full  of  honours. 
He  was  Lord  Lieutenant  and  Vice  Admiral  of  both  Durham  and  Northumberland, 
and  the  last  of  his  race  who  bore  such  offices,  or  had  much  connection  with  Durham. 

3  John  Tempest,  Esq.,  was  Mayor  of  Hartlepool  that  year. 

4  The  Earl  was  lord  of  Hart  and  Hartness. 

5  Henry  Lord  Viscount  Lumley,  who  died  in  his  father's  lifetime. 

6  Bichard,  afterwards  Earl. 

7  Qu.  That  of  Blaregnies  or  Malplaquet,  won  by  Marlborough  in  September. 

8  The  great  Sir  Samuel. 

9  Lord  Henry  died  of  the  small  pox  24  July,  1710,  seven  months  after  the  date  of 
the  letter. 


110  LUMLEY  LETTERS. 

MR.  THOMAS  MADDISON  TO  ME.  GOWIAND. 

Dear  Sir,  When  I  saw  you  at  Lumley  Castle,  you  proposed  answer- 
ing Mr.  Airey's  letter  next  day,  but  have  heard  nothing  from  you  since. 
When  these  unhappy  troubles  begun  in  the  north,  I  thought  it  im- 
proper to  make  any  inquirys,  for  I  presumed  as  little  business  went 
forward  with  you  as  with  us.  But  as  we  have  troops  with  us,  and 
more  coming,  we  begin  to  be  easy,  and  I  hope  we  shall  have  a  good 
account  of  those  rebellious  desperate  wretches.  The  term  beginning  to- 
morrow, I  beg  your  advice  what  is  to  be  done  &c.  I  am  with  respects 
to  you  and  the  family,  Sir,  your  obliged  and  humble  servant,  THO  : 
MADDISON,  Newcastle,  Oct.  21,  1745. — As  to  news,  we  have  none  from 
Edinburgh.  The  rebels  are  still  there,  and  according  to  what  I  have 
heard,  above  10,000  fighting  men.  A  letter  from  Berwick  last  night, 
says  Lord  Lowdon  is  at  the  head  of  6000  well  affected  clans.  Only 
General  Howard's  Eegiment,  which  is  thin,  is  landed  at  Shields ;  about 
seven  more  transports  are  at  the  Bar,  the  rest  expected  soon,  they 
seperated  last  Fry  day  in  thick  weather.  Howard's  Kegiment  are  the 
old  Buffs,  and  came  here  yesterday  from  Shields.  One  of  them  taking 
a  piece  of  candle  to  bed  with  [him]  last  night,  the  landlord  refused  his 
having  it,  which  the  soldier  still  kepd.  Upon  this,  the  landlord  made 
complaint  to  three  Dutch  soldiers,10  who  came  down  from  their  cham- 
ber, and  cut  him  desperately  with  their  swords.  The  landlord  is  sent 
to  Newgate,  and  the  Dutch  soldiers  to  the  guard. — \_In  dorso~]  Tran- 
sports at  the  Bar  only  five. — To  Mr.  Gowland,  in  Durham. 

THE  HON.  JAMES  LUMLEY"  TO  MR.  GOWLAND, 

October  19,  1761.  Sir,  I  received  the  favour  of  your  letter,  and  am 
mightily  oblidged  to  you  for  the  trouble  I  gave  you  some  time  past  above 
the  river  Were,  but  it  would  not  answer,  and  should  be  a  great  loser  by 
it,  which  made  me  drop  it.  I  hope  you  will  get  your  election.  My 
compliments  to  Mrs.  Gowland.  This  is  from,  Sir,  Your  most  humble 
servant,  JAMES  LTJMLET. 

10  "Whitehall,  Oct.  28.     All  the  troops  expected  from  Flanders  were  arrived  at 
Newcastle,  Berwick,  and  Holy  Island. 

11  Another  son  of  the  writer  of  the  last  letter.     He  held  some  court  appointments. 
His  sister,  Lady  Mary,  married  George  Montagu,  afterwards  Earl  of  Halifax,  to 
whom,  in  1745,  Horace  "Walpole  writes : — "  Your  friend  Jemmy  Lumley, — I  beg 
pardon,  I  meant  your  kin,  is  not  he  ?     I  am  sure  he  is  not  your  friend ; — well,   he 
has  had  an  assembly,  and  he  would  write  all  the  cards  himself,  and  every  one  of 
them  was  to  desire  he's  company  and  she's  company,  with  other  pieces  of  curious 
orthography," 


Ill 


BEPOBT  ON  THE  PITMEN'S  STlilKE  AT  NEWBOTTLE 
IN  1734.1 

To  the  Queen's  most  excellent  Majesty,  Guardian  of  the  realm  of 
Great  Britain. 

MAY  IT  PLEASE  TOUB  MAJESTY.  In  humble  obedience  to  .His  Majestie's 
commands,  I  have  considered  the  petition  of  John  Nesham,  of  Sunder- 
land,  near  the  sea,  gent.,2  which  sets  forth  that  the  petitioner,  together 
with  John  Hilton  of  Hilton  Castle,  Esquire,  being  lessees  of  a  colliery 
at  Newbottle,  did,  in  July,  1 733,  hire  several  colliers  or  pitmen,  who 
continued  to  work  therein  untill  February  following.  On  the  13th  day 
of  that  month  about  100  of  the  paid  pitmen  assembled  at  the  colliery  in 
a  riotous  manner,  and  threatned  to  destroy  it,  and  that  they  would  not  suffer 
any  man  to  work  there,  and  beat  and  abused  the  persons  then  at  work, 
and  threatned  to  pull  down  the  fire  engines  and  the  petitioner's  dwel- 
ling house,  and  declared  with  horrid  oaths  they  would  murder  the 
petitioner.  Petitioner  being  informed  thereof,  sent  his  agents  to  ex- 
postulate, and  to  know  the  reason  of  such  behaviour,  and  was  informed 
that  the  pitmen  demanded  one  guinea  per  man  to  be  paid  them,  or  they 
would  put  their  threats  in  execution.  The  pitmen  continuing  their 
proceedings  untill  the  27th,  the  petitioner,  with  three  or  four  persons, 
went  to  the  colliery  to  appease  them.  He  found  near  300  persons  with 
great  clubbs,  amongst  whom  was  John  Grey,  then  of  Lumley.  As 
soon  as  they  saw  him,  a  great  number  of  them  threw  of  their  cloths  and 
violently  assaulted  him  and  the  persons  with  him  without  provoca- 
tion. Petitioner  spoke  in  a  mild  manner,  intreating  them  to  declare 
the  reason  of  their  being  so  disorderly,  promising  that  if  any  of  them 
had  been  injured  he  would  do  all  in  his  power  to  redress  them ;  not- 
withstanding which  they  grew  more  outrageous,  and  assaulted  and  al- 
most killed  several  of  those  who  came  with  him,  and  endeavoured  to 
knock  petitioner  of  his  horse.  Grey  struck  several  times  at  petitioner 
and  his  company,  who  endeavoured  to  defend  themselves,  and  in  the 
scuffle  Grey  received  a  wound  of  which  he  after  dyed,  but  by  whom  the 
wound  was  given  is  not  known.  Petitioner  hoped  his  Majesty  would 

1  This  document  is  given  in  the  words  of  the  original,  but  is  abridged.     It  is  com- 
municated by  Mr.  Trueman. 

2  He  stands  at  the  head  of  the  pedigree  of  Nesham  of  Houghton-le- Spring.     Born 
1691.      (Qu,  John,  son  of  Mr.  Robert  Neasham,  of  Chester-le- Street,  bap.  there, 
5  Sep.,  1693.)     He  mar.  Jane  Finkney,  of  Blackwell,  and  died  in  1769.     "  Hilton 
and  Nesham' s"  staith,  on  the  south  side  of  the  river  Wear,  is  shown  on  the  en- 
graved plan  of  1737- 


112  REPORT  ON  THE  PITMEN'S  STRIKE 

be  pleased  to  grant  his  most  gracious  pardon  to  the  petitioner  of  the 
offence,  and  of  all  penalties  and  forfeitures  by  reason  of  the  same. 

Edmund  Bourn  by  his  affidavit  sweares  that  on  6th  Feb.,  the  pitmen 
began  to  mutiny  and  desist  from  working,  and  assembled  in  great 
bodies  after  a  very  disorderly  manner,  and  continued  so  for  several  days, 
threatning  to  pull  down  the  engine  and  drown  the  colliery.  On  26 
Feb.,  deponent  was  present  when  petitioner  told  Tho.  Bartram  and 
John  Maddison,  keelmen  employed  by  petitioner,  to  go  to  the  engine 
next  day,  and  stay  in  the  enginehouse  to  defend  the  same,  but  not  to 
meddle  with  any  of  the  pitmen  unless  in  necessary  defence.  On  27 
Feb.  deponent  went  to  the  house  of  Samuel  Anderson  and  got  four  guns 
to  defend  the  engine,  which  Anderson  advised  deponent  to  send  in  a 
ballast  waggon  and  not  on  horseback,  lest  the  pitmen  should  see  them 
and  take  them.  "Went  to  the  engine  with  the  guns  and  lodged  there  to 
defend  the  same.  Had  not  been  long  there  till  he  observed  a  great  number 
of  pitmen  following  petitioner,  and  striking  at  him  with  great  clubbs 
and  staves,  and  ready  to  knock  him  from  his  horse.  Saw  Mr.  Dean, 
who  was  with  petitioner,  coming  from  among  the  pitmen  sore  beaten, 
and  with  several  wounds  in  his  head,  and  all  blood.  Then  the  pitmen 
making  towards  the  engine  in  a  great  body  and  furious  manner,  depo- 
nent made  off  with  all  speed.3  As  he  was  going  he  heard  several  pit- 
men threaten  they  would  murder  him  and  also  the  petitioner  if  they 
could  meet  with  them.  Heard  them  curse  and  sweare  that  petitioner 
might  thank  God  he  had  a  good  horse  to  carry  him  of,  otherwise  he 
should  not  have  escaped  with  his  life,  for  that  they  would  have  beat  him 
to  death. 

Joseph  Bolt  on.  On  27  Feb.,  as  he  was  going  with  Mr.  Dean,  Mr. 
Hobson,  Mr.  Eoper,  and  others,  from  Hobson's  house  towards  the 
engine,  to  prevent  it  from  being  pulled  down,  they  met  with  petitioner 
and  one  or  persons  with  him  near  a  gate,  leading  to  one  of  the  pits  of 
the  colliery.  There  were  hundreds  of  men  and  women,  and  many  of 
them  threatning  that  if  they  got  hold  of  petitioner  they  would  tear  him 
liinb  from  limb.  Petitioner  rode  towards  them  and  asked  them  what 
reason  they  had  to  lay  off  the  works,  and  being  answered  they  wanted 
their  right,  he  replyed,  that  if  they  were  imposed  upon  they  should  be 
righted,  and  desired  them  to  desperse,  whereupon  they  began  to 
be  very  abusive.  Petitioner  desired  the  king's  proclamation  might 
be  read  to  keep  the  peace,  but  the  pitmen  swore  it  should  not, 
and  immediately  fell  upon  deponent,  Mr.  Deane,  and  the  petitioner, 
with  their  clubbs  and  staves,  and  then  knocked  down  deponent 
before  he  heard  any  arms  fired  or  discharged,  and  afterwards  several 
of  the  pitmen  took  him  by  the  head  and  heels  and  carried  him 
to  a  pitt's  mouth,  and  swore  they  would  throw  him  down,  but 
some  of  the  women  perswaded  them  from  it.  They  then  began 
again  to  beat  him.  Got  upon  his  feet,  and  in  a  weak  condition 
made  towards  Hobson's  house.  The  pitmen  beat  him  all  the  way 
thither.  A  little  time  after  a  great  number  of  them  came  to  the  house, 
and  bid  the  people  turn  deponent  out  or  they  would  pull  down  the 
house,  and  did  break  the  windows  and  went  away,  but  about  an  hour 
3  Bartram  and  Maddison  depose  that  they  ran  also, 


AT  NEWBOTTLE,  IN  1734.  113 

afterwards  returned  in  a  greater  body,  and  swore  they  would*  murder 
him,  and  that  if  the  people  in  the  house  did  not  turn  him  out  some  of 
them  should  dye  in  his  room.  "Was  forced  to  come  down  stairs  where 
he  had  been  hid  to  avoid  their  fury,  and  was  struck  at  through  the 
windows  which  they  had  broke.  Begging  in  the  most  submissive  man- 
ner, they  did  at  last  agree  to  spare  his  life.  Grey  was  very  active 
amongst  the  pitmen.  No  arms  were  fired  untill  the  pitmen  had  several 
times  struck  at  petitioner  and  Mr.  Dean,  and  knocked  deponent  down, 
and  no  assault  was  made  or  violence  offered  by  petitioner,  or  any  per- 
son with  him,  before  that  time. 

John  Potter,  being  employed  by  petitioner  and  his  partner,  to  take 
care  of  their  engine  and  keep  it  in  repair,  went  on  7  Feb.  and  found  it 
stopped  by  the  pitmen,  who,  in  number  about  100,  threatned  to  murder 
him  and  pull  down  the  engine  if  he  set  her  to  work  again.  Two  or 
three  days  afterwards  went  again  to  set  her  to  work,  but  was  opposed 
by  about  100  pitmen,  who  forced  him  to  get  speedily  away,  and  told 
him  that  when  petitioner  came  from  London  they  would  tear  him  limb 
from  limb.  A  few  days  afterward  they  consented  that  deponent  might 
set  her  to  work,  which  he  did,  and  as  he  has  been  going  to  and  from  the 
engine,  as  well  before  as  after  the  27  Feb.,  he  frequently  heard  them 
swear  to  murder  petitioner  and  destroy  the  fire  engine  if  he  did  not 
agree  with  their  terms.  Several  times  during  the  mutinying  was  present 
when  the  corves  were  gaged  by,  or  in  the  presence  of,  the  pitmen's 
friends,  and  the  same,  one  with  another,  were  no  bigger  that  they  were 
agreed  to  be.  If  the  pitmen  had  destroyed  the  engine,  the  colliery  must 
have  been  drowned. 

MatJiew  Hobson.  On  14  Feb.  deponent,  as  viewer  to  petitioner,  had 
prevailed  with  five  of  the  pitmen  to  work  in  the  colliery  at  Southeron's 
pitt.  One  hundred  persons  or  thereabouts  went  to  the  pitt,  set  the  gin 
a  main,  threw  the  pitt  ropes  down  the  pitt,  and  broke  the  gin,  and 
would  not  suffer  the  pitmen  in  the  pitt  to  be  drawn  out  for  several 
hours  after  the  usual  time  of  leaving  work,  and  swore  that  if  they  had 
them  above  ground  they  would  beat  them  to  death,  for  working  there 
without  their  leave.  Deponent  at  length  thinking  he  had  appeased  their 
anger,  desired  he  might  draw  them  above  ground,  which  he  caused  to 
be  done,  when  several  of  the  riotous  persons  fell  upon  the  workmen  and 
beat  them  violently.  They  run  away,  and  thereby  escaped  further 
damage.  They  hindered  other  workmen  from  sinking  in  another  pitt, 
and  threatned  to  pull  up  the  waggon  way,  destroy  the  fire  engine, 
drown  the  colliery,  and  demolish  the  petitioner's  dwelling  house  at 
Houghton.  Petitioner  was  at  London.  On  23  Feb.  the  riotous  persons, 
having  heard  that  petitioner  was  got  home,  told  deponent  that  if  peti- 
tioner would  not  give  them  a  guinea  a  man  for  lying  idle,  which  would 
have  amounted  to  near  300£.,  they  would  pull  down  his  engine,  pull  up 
the  waggon  way,  drown  the  colliery,  and  set  fire  to  the  coal  heaps,  and 
if  he  came  to  the  works,  they  would  kill  him.  Deponent  on  25  Feb. 
told  petitioner  that  the  pitmen  would  meet  him  at  Lumley  Castle  the 
next  day,  to  see  if  they  could  agree.  Petitioner  went  accordingly,  but 
that  morning  about  100  pitmen  told  deponent  that  they  would  not  meet 
there,  for  fear  petitioner  might  get  them  taken  into  custody.  Deponent 


114  REPORT  OX  THE  PITMEN'S  STRIKE 

proposed  Lumley  Park  gate,  but  they  swore  "  D —  them,  if  they  would 
meet  him  at  any  place  but  at  the  pitts,"  and  bid  deponent  tell  petitioner 
that  if  he  did  not  the  next  day  (the  27th),  send  them  a  guinea  a 
man,  and  agree  with  them,  they  would  pull  down  the  engine,  &c.  On 
27  Feb.  petitioner  sent  men  and  firearms  in  a  waggon,  to  be  put  into 
the  engine  house.  Deponent  going  from  his  house  to  the  engine  with 
Mr.  Eoper  and  others  sent  to  defend  it,  met  petitioner  with  A  very  Ro- 
binson, constable  of  Houghton,  who  turned  back  to  go  to  the  engine 
house.  At  a  gate  leading  to  Southeron's  pitt,  they  found  hundreds  of 
the  pitmen  and  their  wives  with  great  clubbs,  &c.  &c.  Petitioner 
retreated  upon  a  pitheap.  Deponent  endeavoured  to  keep  them  from 
going  up  the  same,  till  they  overpowered  him  by  numbers  and  got  upon 
the  heap,  and  beat  petitioner  and  his  horse  off  the  heap.  He  rode  off 
and  escaped  them.  The  pitmen  struck  several  times  at  petitioner,  and 
barbarously  beat  others  almost  to  death  before  any  arms  were  fired,  and 
before  they  were  fired  deponent  desired  Robinson  to  read  the  proclama- 
tion for  dispersing  rioters,  who  then  declared  that  he  durst  not  do  it, 
and  that  if  he  did  they  would  kill  him  and  pull  down  his  house.  Some 
time  after  the  pitmen  broke  the  windows  of  deponent's  house,  and 
threatned  other  damages,  which  he  prevented  by  giving  them  ale.  They 
insisted  on  it,  and  forced  deponent  to  go  to  Kewbottle  Town  to  see  for 
the  petitioner,  and  tell  him  again  that  if  he  did  not  send  them  a 
guinea,  &c. 

James  Wilson,  being  servant  to  petitioner,  did,  on  27  Feb.,  go  with 
him  from  his  dwelling  house  in  Sunderland.  They  met  by  accident  Mr. 
Richard  Bryan  and  Mr.  Thomas  Starn,  and  afterwards  Avery  Robinson. 
Petitioner  called  Robinson  back  and  asked  him  if  he  was  not  constable 
of  Houghton,  who  answered  that  he  was.  Petitioner  desired  him  to  go 
along  with  him,  if  he  could  conveniently,4  and  he  accordingly  went. 
They  called  at  the  house  of  Ralph  Bates  of  Newbottle,  esquire,  one  of  his 
Majestie's  Justices  of  the  Peace.  —  "When  the  petitioner  had  got  clear 
of  the  pitmen,  he  rode  towards  the  engine,  where  he  met  the  said  Mr. 
Bates,  whom  he  desired  to  read  the  proclamation,  but  they  would  not 
suffer  him,  and  swore  if  they  did  not  get  hold  of  him  then,  they  would 
catch  him  at  Newbottle,  if  he  read  it.  Bryan  and  Starn  had  no  weapons, 
nor  intermeddled  in  the  affray,  but  sate  on  horseback  at  a  distance  as 
spectators. 

IN  ANSWER  to  which,  George  Clarke  swears  that  he  and  other  pitmen 
refused  to  work  till  they  had  justice  done  them  in  the  corves.  In  pur- 
suance of  a  notice  given  deponent  to  meet  petitioner  at  the  house  of 
Ma  the  w  Hobson,  he  and  others,  on  27  Feb.,  went,  and  being  got  to  a 
gate  not  farr  distant  from  Hobson' s  house,  the  petitioner  and  three  or 
four  people  on  horseback  came,  and  petitioner  asked  them  what  they 
came  there  for,  and  bid  them  go  home  and  be  civil ;  and  they  replyed 
that  they  were  come  to  make  an  agreement  with  him,  and  intended  to 
use  no  incivility  to  him.  Petitioner  went  towards  Hobson' s  house,  and 
was  met  by  Hobson,  a  serjeant  drummer,  and  several  others,  who  came 

4  Robinson  deposes  that  the  pc.'titioner  told  him  he  must  go  with  him  to  his  colliery, 
for  he  had  something  for  him  to  do  when  he  came  there. 


AT  NEWBOTTLE,  IN  1734.  115 

back  with  him,  which  they  seeing,  drew  off  towards  a  pitheap,  where 
more  pitmen  were  assembled,  whither  petitioner  followed  them,  and 
swore  he  would  shoot  them  all,  and  accordingly  fired  a  pistol  or  gun 
amongst  them,  and  bid  the  other  persons  fire  likewise,  which  they  did, 
by  which  shooting  John  Grey,  a  pitman,  received  a  wound  in  his  right 
leg  and  thigh,  of  which  he  died  on  1  March  next  following. 

John  Walton.  Petitioner  overtook  him  as  he  was  going  along  the 
heap,  presented  a  pistol  to  him,  and  threatned  that  if  he  went  not  im- 
mediately off  the  heap  he  would  shoot  him. 

Margaret  Thompson.  Petitioner  said  it  should  be  the  blackest  day 
that  ever  they  saw,  and  immediately  rode  up  to  the  pitheap.  Saw  him 
fire  among  the  pitmen,  and  ordered  a  serjeant  to  fire  or  else  he  would 
him,  upon  which  she  heard  several  guns  or  pistols  fired.  Petitioner 
fired  another  pistol  over  his  right  arm  at  her,  and  then  rode  of. 

Isabell  Currey.  Petitioner  spoke  "  D —  you,  dogs,  what  do  you 
want  ?"  The  pitmen,  after  they  pulled  of  their  hats  in  a  very  hum- 
ble manner,  answered  that  they  were  come  thither  by  his  viewer's  ap- 
pointment to  meet  him,  and  make  an  agreement  about  the  size  of  their 
corves,  which  were  much  bigger  than  they  ought  to  be  by  the  contract. 
He  replyed  he  would  not  speak  to  them,  for  if  they  got  anything  of  him 
it  should  be  by  fair  means,  whereupon  he  rode  up  to  the  viewer's  house 
and  brought  a  serjeant  and  drummer  with  fire  arms,  whereupon  the  pit- 
men retired  from  the  gate  toward  Colliery  Row,  being  the  place  of  the 
habitations  of  most  of  them ;  but  before  they  could  get  thither,  peti- 
tioner, with  the  serjeant  and  drummer,  overtook  them  near  a  hedge,  and 
before  they  could  get  over  the  hedge  into  the  lane  where  their  habita- 
tions were,  petitioner  fired  a  pistol  among  them,  and  drove  them  into  a 
ditch  next  the  hedge.  The  pitmen  told  petitioner  that  unless  he  would 
leave  of  firing,  they  would  defend  themselves  as  well  as  they  could,  for 
they  had  rather  dye  like  men  than  be  killed  like  dogs.  Petitioner  said, 
"  Come  up,  serjeant,"  three  times,  and  said,  "  D —  you,  serjeant,  if  you 
don't  shoot,  I  will  shoot  you."  The  serjeant  fired  and  drew  his  broad 
sword,  and  was  going  to  cleave  the  head  of  William  Walker.  Was  pre- 
vented by  other  pitmen  putting  their  sticks  over  his  head  and  receiving 
the  blow.  Immediately  after  heard  several  guns  fired,  by  which  John 
Grey  received  a  wound  and  dyed. 

Avery  Rolimon,  constable  of  Houghton.  Petitioner  told  them  he 
would  not  agree  with  them  unless  they  would  work  with  the  same 
corves,  otherwise  take  what  follows.  Petitioner  then  rode  towards  the 
viewer's  house,  and  was  met  by  his  viewer,  one  Mr.  Roper,  a  serjeant, 
drummer,  and  new  recruit,  and  other  persons,  who  came  back  with  him 
to  the  place  where  he  had  left  the  colliers.  After  some  words  had 
passed,  deponent  heard  some  one,  but  who  he  cannot  tell,  but  verily  be- 
lieves it  was  petitioner,  say,  "  Shoot !  D —  you,  why  don't  you  shoot?" 
Upon  which  he  heard  some  guns  or  pistols  shot  off,  and  particularly 
saw  the  serjeant  and  another  person  fire  their  pieces,  after  which  the 
said  other  person  ran  to  petitioner  and  desired  him  to  take  him  up  be- 
hind him,  which  petitioner's  servant  did;  and  after  the  person  was  got 
up  behind  the  servant,  heard  him  say,  "  D —  it,  I  have  shot  one  man,  if 
not  two." 


lltf  REPORT  OF  THE  PITMEN'S  STRIKE 

Richard  Oyston,  Anthony  Allen,  Tho.  Curry,  Thomas  Galley,  and 
Robert  Thompson.  By  their  agreement  they  were  to  work  only  with  a 
fourteen  peck  corf,  but  upon  measuring  some  of  the  corves  they  were 
found  considerably  bigger. — Petitioner  returned  with  a  serjeant, 
drummer,  and  a  new  raised  man,  all  armed,  who  came  on  foot,  but 
petitioner  continued  on  horseback.  Before  they  came  to  the  gate,  de- 
ponents and  the  rest  of  the  pitmen  perceiving  and  believing  that  petitioner 
had  some  mischievous  and  desperate  designs  against  them,  all  run  away 
towards  Collier  Eow,  where  most  of  them  lived,  but,  before  they  could 
get  so  far,  petitioner  overtook  them,  and  bid  them  stand,  and  desired 
two  or  three  of  them  would  come  to  him  and  speak  with  him.  Wm. 
"Walker  and  two  or  three  more  of  them,  and,  at  the  said  Hobson's  re- 
quest, one  John  Walton  also  went  to  petitioner  to  speak  to  him,  but, 
before  they  were  got  up  to  petitioner,  he  fired  a  pistol  among  them,  and, 
after  that,  fired  one  or  two  more  pistols,  and,  immediately  afterwards, 
the  serjeant  and  a  new  raised  man  fired,  and  one  other  person  in  the 
petitioner's  company,  by  which  firing  John  Grey  received  a  wound  of 
which  he  dyed. 

Samuel  Anderson.  On  26  Feb.  was  in  company  with  petitioner,  and 
asked  him  if  he  had  agreed  with  his  pitmen.  Petitioner  answered  he 
had  not,  but  intended  to  be  with  them  in  a  day  or  two,  and  would  make 
it  the  worst  day  to  them  they  ever  saw  in  their  lives,  and  used  several 
other  angry  and  passionate  expressions  against  them.  Next  day, 
being  27  Feb.,  deponent,  being  employed  as  staithman  by  petitioner, 
had  orders  to  meet  him  at  the  engine,  which  he  did,  and  went  from 
thence  to  the  house  of  Matthew  Hobson,  where -there  was  a  serjeant  and 
a  drummer,  armed  with  pistols  and  a  sword,  and  one  Brown  with  a 
gun,  and  petitioner  had  a  pair  of  pistols.  There  was  also  six  or  seven 
other  persons  not  armed.  Petitioner  ordered  both  the  armed  and  un- 
armed men  to  go  with  him,  which  they  did,  to  a  gate  called  Curry's 
Gate,  about  forty  or  fifty  yards  distant  from  the  pitheap  where  Grey 
was  afterwards  shot.  Deponent  refused  to  go  further  than  the  gate,  at 
which  petitioner  was  very  angry,  and  desired  him  to  go  with  him,  but, 
deponent  telling  him  he  saw  no  reason  nor  occasion  for  it,  petitioner 
said  "D —  you,  go  along  with  me."  On  the  other  side  of  the  gate 
about  forty  or  fifty  pitmen  were  assembled,  who,  upon  petitioner 
appearing,  put  off  their  hats  in  a  quiet  and  civil  manner,  and 
about  four  or  five  of  them  told  him  they  were  come  there  according 
to  his  viewer's  appointment.  Petitioner  was  then  in  a  great  rage  and 
passion,  'and  bidd  tfrem  be  gone.  Deponent  refusing  to  go  with 
petitioner,  he  went  first  through  the  said  gate,  and  the  armed  men,  and 
the  others  without  arms,  after  him,  upon  which  the  pitmen  retired 
towards  the  said  pitheap.  The  first  acts  of  violence  which  he  observed 
was  the  discharging  two  fire  arms  upon  or  amongst  the  pitmen. 
Petitioner  dkcharged  one  of  his  pistols.  John  Grey  was  shot  by  the 
discharging  of  one  of  the  fire  arms,  and  afterwards  dyed.  After  Grey 
was  shot,  another  gun  or  pistol  was  discharged,  but  by  whom  deponent 
knows  not.  Upon  discharging  the  fire  arms  a  great  number  of  pitmen 
assembled,  and,  being  much  enraged,  beat  the  petitioner  and  the  per- 
sons with  him  from  the  pitheap,  who  then  rode  away. 


AT  NEWBOTTLE,  IN  1734.  117 

The  affidavits  on  the  part  of  the  pitmen  omit  giving  any  account  of 
what  happened  before  the  27th  of  February,  and  in  respect" to  the  tran- 
sactions of  the  27th  February,  are  drawn  in  such  a  manner  as  plainly 
shews  that  they  do  not  discover  the  whole  truth  of  the  case.  The  affida- 
vits on  the  part  of  the  petitioner  all  agree  in  one  very  material  circum- 
stance, that  whatever  was  done  by  petitioner  and  those  who  came  to  his 
assistance  upon  27  Feb.,  was  done  in  defence  of  the  colliery  and  them- 
selves, and  that  no  fire  arms  were  discharged  till  they  had  been  very 
severely  beaten,  and  their  lives  were  in  danger. 

I  am  humbly  of  opinion  that  the  petitioner  has  done  nothing  but  what 
was  absolutely  necessary  for  the  defence  of  his  colliery,  and  that  if  he 
had  been  the  unfortunate  person  who  had  given  the  wound  of  which 
John  Grey  died  (which  does  not  appear),  yet  he  would  have  been  at 
least  excusable,  if  not  strictly  justifiable. 

In  cases  of  homicide  where  there  is  anything  of  malice,  I  shall  never 
advise  his  Majesty  to  interpose,  but  am  humbly  of  opinion  that  the  per- 
son committing  the  fact,  ought  always  to  be  left  to  the  ordinary  course 
of  justice.  But  there  does  not  appear  to  have  been  the  least  malice  in 
the  present  case. 

I  cannot  think  that  any  jury  could  find  the  petitioner  guilty  of  mur- 
der, and  I  think  there  is  not  a  sufficient  foundation  to  convict  him  even 
of  manslaughter,  but,  as  he  will  be  liable  to  very  severe  penalties  if  he 
should  be  found  guilty  of  manslaughter,  and  as  I  think  he  deserves  no 
punishment  at  all,  I  am  therefore  of  opinion  that  the  petitioner  is  a  very 
proper  object  of  his  Majestie's  great  goodness  and  compassion,  and  that 
it  may  be  very  fit  for  his  Majesty  to  grant  to  the  petitioner  his  most 
gracious  pardon. 

J.  WlLLES, 

June  llth,  1735. 

In  dorso.  To  be  heard  att  my  Lord  Privy  Seal's  office  at  Whitehall, 
on  Friday  the  4th  of  July  next,  at  5  of  the  clock  in  the  afternoon.  10 
guineas. 

[Counsel's  notes.]  ISTo  foundation  for  complaint  about  the  corves. 
Affidavit  of  the  maker,  George  Hedley.  May  indict  all  our  witnesses. 

[Addressed] 

For  Mr.  Samuel  Gowland  att  Durham. 


us; 


SCHEME  FOE  A  NAVIGABLE  EIVEE  TO  DUEHAM. 

THE  draft1  of  an  Act  (temp.  Geo.  II.)  for  Improving  the  Navigation  of 
the  Eiver  Wear,  and  making  and  continuing  the  same  river  navigable 
from  Mr.  Allen's  staith  up  to  the  city  of  Durham,  is  submitted  to  the 
notice  of  the  Society. 

It  recites  the  Act  of  3  Geo.  I.  for  the  improvement  of  the  river  and 
port  and  haven  of  Sunderland,  whereby  a  commission  was  appointed  for 
21  years  with  these  limits: — Erom  the  promontory  or  point  called 
Souter  point,  about  two  miles  from  Sunderland  Barr  towards  the  N.E., 
and  so  into  the  sea  to  five  fathoms  at  low  water,  and  from  thence  in  a 
supposed  direct  line  till  it  fall  opposite  to  that  land  called  Eyhope 
Dean,  about  two  miles  from  Sunderland  Barr  towards  the  S.,  and  con- 
tinuing "W.  from  the  said  barr  and  limits  up  the  river  to  a  place  called 
Newbridge,  par.  Chester-le- Street,  and  thence  to  the  city  of  Durham. 
Tolls  were  to  be  levied  from  24  June,  1717 ;  those  arising  by  coals  and 
cinders  brought  to  the  river  below  the  Newbridge  to  be  applied  only  to 
that  part  of  the  stream ;  those  arising  by  coals  and  cinders  loaded  or 
unloaded  above  the  Newbridge  to  be  applied  only  towards  making  the 
river  navigable  between  that  point  and  the  city  of  Durham.  Eecitals 
follow  to  the  effect  that,  notwithstanding  the  above  Act,  the  "Wear  is 
not  navigable  higher  than  Mr.  Allen's  staiths,  below  the  Newbridge,  and 
that  the  tolls  to  be  levied  below  Newbridge  would  not  suffice  to  carry 
navigation  further.  Shoals  and  sands  must  be  removed,  cuts  for  the 
passage  of  water  below  Newbridge,  and  locks,  dams,  sluices  and  cuts  for 
the  passage  above  and  near  it  up  to  Durham,  are  required.  Navigation 
to  the  city  will  benefit  trade  and  the  poor,  will  greatly  encourage  the 
woollen  manufactory  in  the  city,  and  be  convenient  for  the  carriage  of 
lead,  coals,  lime,  stone,  timber,  deals,  butter,  tallow,  &c.,  to  and  from 
Durham,  Westmoreland,  Cumberland,  Yorkshire,  and  other  counties,  to 
and  from  Sunderland,  London,  and  other  parts,  British  and  Eoreign, 
and  will  very  much  tend  to  the  employing  and  increase  of  watermen 
and  seamen,  and  be  a  means  to  preserve  the  highways.  The  Mayor  and 
Aldermen  of  the  city  of  Durham  have  proposed  to  carry  out  the  work  to 
accommodate  boats  and  vessels  of  twenty  tons  burden  or  more.  It  is  now 
enacted  that  the  Mayor  and  Aldermen  shall  be  a  Corporation  by  the 
name  of  the  Mayor  and  Aldermen  of  the  city  of  Durham,  and  have  a 
common  seal,  and  very  extensive  powers  for  altering  and  deepening  the 
river  are  then  given  to  them.  No  ground  except  mansion-houses,  out- 

1  Communicated  by  Mr.  John  Yentress. 


SCHEME  FOR  A  NAVIGABLE  RIVER  TO  DURHAM.  119 

bouses,  and  gardens,  are  safe  from  interference.  The  first  lock  or  dam 
is  to  be  at  or  near  Newbridge,  in  Mr.  Mascall's  ground.  The  Act  of  3 
Geo.  I.  as  relates  to  the  limits  of  this  Act  is  repealed.  The  commision- 
ers  must  not  touch  existing  ballast  quays,  wharfs,  or  coal  staithes, 
otherwise  than  by  imposing  penalties  for  nonrepair.  Tolls  are  given 
to  them,  but  not  to  affect  Henry  Lambton  of  Lambton,  Esq.,  his  heirs  or 
assigns,  for  coals  or  cinders  gotten  out  of  his  estates  at  Lambton  or  Harra- 
ton,  and  laid  on  his  staithes  within  the  limits  of  the  Act.  Winches  or 
or  other  engines  may  be  erecte4  to  draw  vessels.  Passages  over  the 
towing-paths,  cuts,  &c.,  to  be  made  for  convenient  occupation  of  the 
adjoining  lands,  and  bridges,  fords,  highways,  &c.,  not  to  be  destroyed 
until  substitutes  are  made.  Provisions  occur  against  leaving  open  the 
"  locks  or  cloughs  "  to  be  made  in  the  cuts,  which  in  dry  seasons  may 
prejudice  the  mills  and  works  upon  the  river.  [The  passage  is  men- 
tioned in  consequence  of  this  sense  of  the  word  clough  being  altogether 
omitted  in  our  local  and  archaic  glossaries.  "  The  clough  "  at  Thirsk 
is  the  place  where  the  waste  waters  of  the  Codbeck  throw  themselves 
over  a  dam,  being  regulated  by  a  screw  upon  the  mill-race  which  there 
separates  from  the  old  course.  On  the  Wear  works,  the  boatmen,  as 
soon  as  their  vessel  had  passed  the  lock  were  "to  shut  the  said  lock, 
and  the  gates  and  cloughs  thereof."]  Rights  of  fishing  and  fowling  are 
reserved,  and  pleasure  boats  are  to  have  free  passage  through  the  locks 
though  not  paying  toll.  Lords  of  manors  and  owners  of  riverside  lands 
may  erect  warehouses,  weighbeams,  cranes,  keys,  landing  places  or 
wharfs,  on  their  own  wastes  or  grounds  upon  the  river  or  cuts,  and  levy 
rates  for  themselves. 

The  scheme  shared  the  fate  of  many  other  fantasies  of  corporate 
bodies,  and  Durham  is  yet  free  from  vessels  of  burden.  "  Mr.  Allen  " 
was  Thomas  Allan,  Esq.,  of  Allan's  Platts,  near  Chester-le-Street.  See 
the  pedigrees  of  Allan  of  Elackwell,  &c.,  in  Hist.  Darlington, 


120 


WASHINGTON  LETTERS,1 

GENERAL  WASHINGTON  TO  ME.  J.  RUMNEY. 

Mount  Vernon,  April  6,  1787. — I  can  say  little  more  at  this  time  re- 
specting the  estate  of  the  deceased  Coll.  Thos.  Colvill2  than  what  is 
contained  in  my  account  of  it  to  Major  Swan  (recited  in  one  of  the 
letters  which  you  put  into  my  hand)  except  that  I  have  used  every 
means  in  my  power  to  collect  materials  (and  very  defective  they  are) 
for  a  final  settlement  of  the  administration  of  it.  'What  the  surplus  of 
the  estate  will  be  when  the  debts  and  legacies  are  all  paid,  is  more  than 
I  can  inform  you.  The  testator  himself,  as  will  appear  by  his  will,  had 
a  doubt  of  there  being  any.  And  what  will  be  done  with  it  if  there 
should,  must  be  a  matter  for  future  determination.  When  the  adminis- 
tration is  closed,  which  it  is  my  sincere  wish  to  do  as  soon  as  the 
nature  of  the  case  will  admit,  I  shall,  for  my  own  justification  and 
security,  take  council  with  respect  to  the  application  of  the  surplus,  if 
any,  under  the  existing  laws  of  this  country.  The  author  of  the  letters 
of  instruction  to  you  is  mistaken,  I  conceive,  when  he  says  the  claim  of 
one  Clawson  was  admitted,  unless  by  admission  he  means  that  it  was 
received.  If  this  was  not  his  idea,  it  will  give  him  no  pleasure  to  be 
informed  that  near  twenty  others,  I  believe,  have  been  admitted  in  the 
same  manner,  under  the  indefinite  and,  I  may  add,  indigested  clause  of  the 
will  which  has  stirred  up  so  many  pretenders,  as  to  render  it  a  matter 
of  difficult  investigation  to  determine  rightly  in  the  case. 

GEO.  WASHINGTON. 

Mr.  J.  KUMNEI  TO  MR.  JAMES  SCORER. 

Alexandria,  April  6,  1787. — Sir,  I  have  to  acknowledge  receipt  of 
your  favour  per  Capt.  Atkinson,  and,  agreeable  to  your  request,  have 
made  every  inquiry  respecting  Coll.  Colville's  estate  that  was  in  my 
power.  I  have  seen  Mr.  Tom  West,  who  is  son  to  the  old  gentleman, 
one  of  the  executors  ;  he  does  not  know  much  of  the  business,  but  gave 

1  All  these  letters,  except  the  last,  are  communicated  by  Mr.  Trueman  of  Durham. 

2  It  is  evident  from  the  sequel,  that  this  gentleman  was  nearly  related  to  the  Col- 
villes  of  Whitchouse,  near   Gateshead.     Adam  Colville  of  Boldon,  gent.,  had  a  son 
Edward,  butcher  and  hostman  of  Newcastle,  who  purchased  Whitehouse,  and  died  in 
1750,  aged  105.     By  his  first  wife  Anne  Ladler  (mar.  1682,  bur.  1686)  he  had  a  son 
Anthony,  bap.   1683,  bur.   1685.     By  his  second,   Sarah  (bur.  1713),  he  had  issue, 
Edward,  bap.  1700,  bur.  1783  ;  Robert,  bap.   1705 ;  and  John,  bap.  1708,  who  re- 
sided at  Whitehouse.     John  married  Joan,  the  daughter  of  "Wni.  Fawcctt,   of  West 
Boldon,  gent.,  to  whom  he  left  his  estate  in  fee.  and  died  childless  in  1781.    She  died 
in  1785. 


WASHINGTON  LETTERS  121 

up  the  papers  to  the  other  executors.  I  have  wrote  to  Mr.  Swan  at 
Baltimore,  but  have  not  received  an  answer,  which  I  wonder  at.  I  dined 
last  Sunday  with  General  Washington  at  his  house,  a  few  miles  from 
hence,  and  had  a  long  conversation  on  the  subject  with  him.  He  was 
very  much  averse  to  being  an  executor  in  this  business,  and  had  not 
taken  any  active  part  untill  Mr.  West's  death.  He  says,  so  many  claims 
have  been  made,  that  they  do  not  know  who  is  entitled  to  what  was 
left ;  he  therefore  means  to  lodge  what  is  their  due  in  the  hands  of  the 
Lord  Chancellor  in  England,  to  be  paid  to  those  whose  right  it  seems  to 
be.  He  does  not  think  there  will  be  much,  but  whatever  there  is,  it 
ought  to  be  ascertained,  and  made  an  end  of,  and  you  may  rely  on  my 
endeavours  to  forward  it.  The  General  begged  I  would  leave  your 
memorandum  and  letter  with  him  for  his  perusal,  which  I  did.  I  hope 
soon  to  see  him  again,  and  when  anything  further  is  done,  you  shall 
hear  from  me.  J.  RUMNEY. — Since  writing  the  above,  I  have  received 
a  letter  from  the  General,  and  enclosed  I  send  you  a  copy  of  that  part 
of  it  which  relates  to  your  business.  I  think  it  is  not  favourable  by 
any  means. 

MR.  JAMES  SCORER  to  MR.  JOHN  CLA.RKSON. 

W*.Haven,  June,  1787. — Dear  Sirs,  On  the  other  side  you  have  two 
copies  of  letters,  the  one  from  my  friend  Mr.  Rumney  to  me,  and  the 
other  from  General  Washington  to  him.,  by  which  you  will  see  the  ac- 
tive part  my  friend  has  taken  in  your  business,  and  how  little  the 
expectation  is  of  bringing  any  thing  to  a  period.  The  General  now 
thinks  there  will  [be]  very  little  due  to  the  claments,  and  you  see 
denies  your  claim  ever  being  admitted  any  more  then  it  might  have 
been  received  amongest  the  many  claims  that  has  been  made.  1  always 
understood  by  you  that  your  claim  was  admitted  by  the  opinion  of 
Councelar  Wyth,  &c.,  and  as  such  was  the  style  of  my  letters  to  Mr. 
Rumney.  I  wrote  to  Mr.  Swan  by  the  same  oppertunity  as  I  wrote 
Mr.  Rumney,  telling  him  Mr.  Rumney  would  correspond  with  him  on 
the  business,  as  he  was  so  near  the  executor's.  You  see  Mr.  Rumney 
has  likewise  wrote  him,  but  can  get  no  answer,  and,  as  Mr.  Swan  is 
empowered  from  you  to  act  in  this  business,  I  don't  see  any  thing  more 
my  friend  can  do  in  it  then  assist  Mr.  Swan  in  any  thing  he  may  chuse 
to  communicate  to  him,  but  it  disnot  appear  to  me  that  he  means  to 
correspond  with  him  about  it.  It  would  likewise  appear  by  General 
Washington's  letter  to  Mr.  Rumney,  that  he  and  Mr.  Swan  has  corres- 
ponded on  the  business,  but  this  may  refer  to  the  copy  of  the  letters 
you  sent  me ;  if  so,  it  is  very  old.  The  General  seems  to  wish  to  have 
the  matter  brought  to  an  esue,  and  it  appears  to  me  if  it  ever  be  done, 
it  must  be  by  him.  You  will  judge  for  yourselves  what  steps  is  further 
to  be  taken,  but  I  think  you  should  get  your  friends  in  London  to 
write  out  again  to  Mr.  Swan  to  push  the  business  as  he  has  your  powers 
to  do  it,  and  I  am  sure  that  Mr.  Rumney  would  do  any  thing  in  con- 
junction with  him  to  bring  you  to  your  right,  if  there  be  anything  for 
you,  and  that  your  claim  is  admitted  of.  If  you  have  anything  more 
to  communicate  to  me  upon  this  a  vessel  will  sail  for  Alexandria  the 


122  WASHINGTON  LETTERS. 

latter  end  of  this  month,  and  it  will  always  give  me  pleasure  to  render 
you  any  service  in  my  poor,  and  am,  Dr  S™,  your  very  humble  servant, 
JAMES  SCORER. — Please  to  give  my  love  to  my  mother,  then  she  will 
know  I  have  got  home.  J.  S. — Mr.  John  Clawson,  5,  Framwel  Gate, 
Durham. 

SIR  WILLIAM  AppLEBY3  TO  MR.  JOHN  SWAN. 

Mr.  John  Swan. — Sir,  since  my  arrival  from  London,  I  have  had  the 
pleasure  of  reading  a  letter  from  you  in  answer  to  mine,  as  well  as  one 
from  Mr.  Scorer  annexing  two  from  Mr.  Washington  and  Mr.  Eumney 
to  him,  concerning  Clarson's  demand  upon  Washington  as  executor  to 
Coll.  Colvill's  effects.  I  think  it  my  duty  as  a  man  of  honour  and 
veracity  again  to  assure  you  that  every  word  contained  in  mine  was  the 
truth.  Let  Washington  say  what  he  will,  or  still  use  what  evasive 
subterfuges  he  may,  as  he  has  always  done,  and  ever  will  find  some  pre- 
tence to  keep  the  immense  property  devised,  in  his  own  possession,  and 
thereby  defraud  the  legatees.  He  dare  not  show  you  my  letters  to  him 
upon  that  occasion  when  he  played  the  same  game  as  at  present,  but  had 
Mr.  James  Balfour  (agent  to  Mr.  Hanbury)  only  survived,  he  would  long 
ere  now  have  been  compelled  to  make  a  distribution.  Whatever  opinion 
other  people  may  have  of  him  /  clearly  see  by  his  letter,  dated  Apl,  6, 
1787,  now  before  me,  to  Mr.  Eumney,  it  wont  alter  mine,  which,  he  well 
knows,  was  always  adverse  to  him,  and  well  founded  for  the  reasons 
assigned.  He  alledges  there  are  such  numerous  claimants,  which  is 
false  respecting  the  quota  justly  demanded — that  there  can  no  dis- 
tribution be  made  properly.  The  present  claimants  have  nothing  to  do 
with  them,  if  there  were  a  thousand  upon  three  parts  of  the  property, 
for  they  are  solely  and  incontestably  intitled  to  one  fourth  thereof  as 
the  legal  inheritors  to  Stott's  family  mentioned  in  Colvill's  will,  and  I 
know  there  are  other  legal  claimants  now  living  in  this  neighbourhood 
who  shall  instantly  agitate  their  just  right  if  he  does  not  immediately 
satisfye  the  present  claimants  Clarsons,  or  he  shall  be  publickly  exposed 
both  here  and  in  America  by  me,  and  at  my  expence,  for  he  well  de- 
serves it.  Mr.  Eumney  can  easily  let  you  see  Wasshington's  letter  to 
him,  and,  if  you  please,  may  let  the  last  mentioned  peruse  this,  who,  I 
am  confident,  will  never  finish  the  business,  unless  he  is  shamed  out  of 
it  publickly,  which  indeed  will  be  a  very  hard  matter  to  do.  The  present 
claimants  are  much  obliged  to  Mr.  Eumney  and  you,  and  make  no 
doubt  but  by  this  time  our  worthy  and  honourable  clerk  of  the  peace, 
George  Pearson,  Esq.,  has  sent  you  and  him,  through  favour  of  Messrs. 
Harrison,  Ainsley,  and  Co.,  of  London,  every  necessary  credential  to 
compel  Washington  to  do  them  justice.  I  am  certain  that  Washington's 
litteral  expressions  in  a  letter  sent  to  me  above  ten  years  ago,  when  the 
affair  was  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Balfour,  were  these,  "  I  admit  the  claim*, 

3  One  of  the  Peg  Nicholson  knights.     He  is  said  to  have  refused  to  pay  the  usual 
fees  to  the  officers  of  Heralds'  College  after  being  knighted,  objecting  that  they  could 
not  unknight  him.     The  italics  are  his  own. 

4  Washington  by  such  an  expression  probably  only  meant  to  say  "  I  admit  the  ex- 
istence of  your  clients  claim  as  a  claim — their  right  must  be  legally  established  for 
mv  safety." 


WASHINGTON  LETTERS.  123 

/  admit  the  possession  of  the  property,  but  I  will  not  pay  one  shilling, 
UNLESS  I  am  compelld  to  it,  in  our  own  Court  of  Chancery,  for  my  own 
justification."  Such  was  then,  such  is,  and  such  ever  will  be  the  lan- 
guage of  the  modern  Falius  in  war  as  well  as  executorships,  if  not  com- 
pelled to  do  the  parties  justice.  I  have  taken  the  liberty  to  send  this  to 
Mr.  Rumney,  and  to  entreat  he  will  forward  it  to  you,  and  if  I  am 
favoured  with  any  answer  from  either  upon  the  subject,  may  either 
address  it  to  George  Pearson,  Esq.,  or  Sir  "William  Appleby,  Durham, 
which  will  much  oblige,  Sir,  your  most  humble  servant,  WILL.  APPLEBY, 
Durham.  Augt.  8,  1787. 

SIR  WILLIAM  APPLEBY  TO  ME.  RUMNEY. 

Durham,  Augt.  8,  1787.  Mr.  Rumney,  Sir,  I  have  taken  the  liberty 
to  transmit  the  above  to  you,  entreating,  after  your  perusal  thereof,  and 
looking  upon  it  as  also  addressed  to  you,  as  well  as  Mr.  Swan,  you'll 
please  to  send  him  it,  and  am,  with  many  thanks  for  your  attention  to 
the  interest  of  the  present  just  claimants  upon  Washington,  as  acting 
executor  to  Col.  Colvill,  am,  Sir,  your  most  humble  servant,  WILL. 
APPLEBY. — P.  S.  My  opinion  of  and  reflections  upon  Mr.  Washington, 
I  do  assure  you,  are  very  just. — I  understand  Col.  Colvill's  brother  left 
many  thousands  to  the  present  Lord  Tankerville,5  who  got  it  all :  the 
late  gentlemen  left  his  property  to  a  greater  amount  to  four  families  here, 
but  which  I  dare  say  they  will  be  all  cheated  of,  and  by  as  before- 
mentioned. — Mr.  J.  Eumney,  at  Alexandria,  in  America. 


ME.  JAMES  KEITH  TO  ME.  C.  RICHMOND. 

Alexandria,  15th  December,  1790. — The  estate  of  the  late  Colonel 
Thomas  Colvill  consisted  of  lands,  slaves,  and  a  large  debt  due  from  the 
estate  of  his  brother  Col°  John  Colvill.  Part  of  his  lands  and  slaves  he 
gave  to  particular  friends,  the  residue  he  directed  to  be  sold  for  the 
payment  of  his  debts  and  legacies.  This  has  been  done,  and  the  money 
1  believe  chiefly  received.  His  brother  John  Colvill  had  directed  a 
tract  to  be  sold  for  the  payment  of  his  debts ;  this  had  for  some  causes 
been  delayed  till  a  short  time  before  the  death  of  Thomas  Colvill,  and 
but  a  very  inconsiderable  part  of  the  purchase  money  paid  in  his  life- 
time. Several  bills  of  exchange  had  been  passed  to  him  on  account  of 
the  purchase,  but  those  were  chiefly  returned  protested,  either  just  be- 
fore or  immediately  after  the  death  of  Colonel  Colvill.  The  purchaser's 

5  John  Colville  of  Whitehouse  had  several  sisters,  viz.,  1.  Elizabeth,  bap.  1689. 
2.  Susanna,  bap.  1690,  mar.  Lionel  Allan,  Esq.,  an  eminent  merchant  at  Rotterdam, 
and  died  1783,  having  survived  her  husband,  ten  brothers  and  sisters,  and  buried  ten 
children.  3.  Ann,  bap.  1693,  mar.  1710,  to  "William  Hanby  of  Newcastle,  barber- 
chirurgeon.  4.  Sarah,  bap.  with  Ann.  5.  Rosamond,  bap.  1695,  mar.  to  Roger 
Pearson  of  Tritlington,  Esq.  6.  Camilla,  bap.  1698,  mar.  Charles  Bennet,  Earl  of 
Tankerville,  who  died  1753.  She  died  1775.  7.  Catherine,  bap.  1701.  8.  Jane, 
bap.  1703,  mar.  successively  to  Charles  Clarke,  of  Gray's  Inn,  attorney,  and  Robert 
Fen  wick,  of  Lemington,  Esq.,  but  d.  s.  p.  There  is  a  romantic  relation  of  the 
wooing  and  winning  of  Camilla.  See  Hist.  Darlington,  iv. 


124  WASHINGTON  LETTERS. 

circumstances  about  that  time  became  desperate ;  the  executors  of  Tho- 
mas Colvill  in  vain  applied  for  payments,  it  was  out  of  his  power  to 
make  any.  Things  remained  in  this  state  till  the  begin  ing  of  the 
year  1772,  when  some  of  the  creditors  of  the  purchaser's  conceiving 
the  land  to  be  worth  considerably  more  at  that  time,  proposed  paying 
the  balance  of  the  purchase  money,  upon  condition  the  land  was  con- 
veyed to  them.  This,  after  some  time,  was  agreed  upon,  and  commis- 
sioners appointed  to  settle  the  accounts  and  ascertain  the  balances  then 
due.  This  was  done ;  a  part  of  the  balance  was  then  paid,  and  a  bond 
given  for  the  balance.  A  suspension  of  all  law  business  soon  after  tak- 
ing place  in  Virginia,  and  hostilities  commencing  in  1775,  nothing  fur- 
ther was  done  until  peace  was  restored,  and  General  Washington 
returned  home.  During  that  period  two  of  the  executors  died,  one  of 
them  the  person  who  had  transacted  the  whole  business  of  the  estate, 
which,  as  well  as  his  own  affairs,  he  had  left  in  the  greatest  confusion. 
General  "Washington,  soon  after  his  return  home,  put  such  of  that  gen- 
tlemen's papers  as  related  to  the  transactions  of  Colvill' s  estate  in  my 
hands,  to  endeavour  to  state  an  account  of  his  transactions.  After  much 
time  spent,  I  formed  as  just  an  one  as  the  lights  I  could  procure  from 
different  parts  would  enable  me.  In  the  course  of  this  business,  I  dis- 
covered that  the  commissioners  who  had  settled  the  accounts  between 
the  purchaser  of  the  land  and  the  executors  had  made  a  gross  blunder, 
which,  if  not  rectified,  will  fall  upon  the  estate  of  Thomas  Colvill.  A 
suit  is  instituted  and  now  depending  to  get  that  error  rectified,  and  to 
settle  the  question  of  interest  upon  the  bond.  Those  suits  I  expect 
will  be  determined  in  May  next,  and  immediately  after  the  determina- 
tion the  President  will  close  the  account  of  that  transaction.  JA".  KEITH. 
If  the  error  alluded  to  is  rectified  there  may  probably  be  a  surplus  of 
600/.  Virginia  money. 

ME.  C.  EICHMOND  TO  GEOEGE  PEARSON,  ESQ. 

Philadelphia,  14th  April,  1791. — Sir,  You  will  no  doubt  have  been 
surprised  that  the  affairs  of  Mr.  Clarkson  committed  to  my  care  have 
seemingly  been  unattended  to  by  me,  but  you  will  find  by  the  copy  of 
Mr.  Keith's  answer  to  my  application  on  the  subject,  that  I  have  not 
altogether  neglected  the  business.  When  I  arrived  in  London  from  the 
North  in  February,  1790,  I  found  the  gentleman  (Mr.  John  Eumney) 
who  was  joined  with  me  in  the  letter  of  attorney  had  left  Virginia,  and 
was  then  in  London.  I  told  him  of  the  power  I  had  received ;  he  an- 
swered, he  wished  me  success  in  the  execution  of  it,  but  was  affraid 
little  would  be  obtained  upon  it,  from  what  he  had  been  able  to  learn. 
My  being  engaged  in  public  business  soon  after  I  arrived  in  Maryland, 
to  attend  the  officers  of  Congress  at  New  York,  as  agent  to  settle  ac- 
counts between  Maryland  and  the  United  States,  prevented  my  journey 
to  Alexandria  until  December,  since  which  my  chest  and  papers  have 
been  detained  by  the  i<-,e  in  the  bay  and  rivers  until  this  few  weeks 
past,  when  they  came  to  my  hands,  and  with  them  that  of  which  I 
now  send  you  the  copy.  General  Washington,  the  President  of  the 
United  States,  is  now  on  a  tour  to  the  Carolinas  and  Georgia.  I  think 


WASHINGTON  LETTERS,  125 

it  probable  I  shall  be  able  to  procure  some  intelligence  from  him 
relating  to  this  matter  when  he  has  returned  to  this  city,  which  will  be 
about  the  begining  of  July  next.  After  which  time  you  shall  hear 
from  me  again.  With  great  respect,  I  am,  Sir,  Your  obedt.  humble 
servant,  C.  RICHMOND. — P.S.  Will  you  be  so  good  as  to  remember  me  to 
my  brother  Joseph  and  his  family,  and  tell  him  I  have  not  heard  of  or 
received  a  letter  from  any  of  my  relations  since  I  left  England.-— 
George  Pearson,  Esq.,  Clerk  of  the  Peace,  City  of  Durham,  N°.  Eng- 
land, per  the  Harmony,  Cap.  Osman,  of  Philadelphia. 

MES.  SAEAH  ADDISON  TO  ME.  WASHINGTON  SMIRK,* 

Oct.  1836. 

DEAE  BEOTHEE, — I  write  this  to  inform  you  of  our  decent,  the  papers 
I  have  seen,  and  what  my  dear  mother  told  me  respecting  it.  Our 
grandfather's  name  was  Thomas  Washington,2  brother  to  General  George 
Washington,  of  North  America.  Our  grandfather  was  a  planter  of  Virgi- 
nia, Nevis,  and  St.  Kits,  and  that  he  traded  in  his  own  vessel  to  England. 
The  ports  he  used  were  Liverpool  and  Newcastle.  The  last  ship  he 
came  to  Newcastle  in  was  the  Duke  of  Argyle.  He  died  suddenly,  at 
Gateshead,  without  a  will,  leaving  our  grandmother  with  three  daughters, 
Mary,  Sarah,  and  Hannah,  who  at  her  death  were  taken  by  Alderman 
Baker,  Alderman  Peareth,  and  Alderman  Yernal,  each  one  with  a 
promise  of  bringing  them  up  according  to  their  decent,  but  were  made 
servants  of,  and  they  remained  so  until  marriage.  Our  grandmother's 
name  was  Mary  Smith,  a  native  of  Alnwick,  Northumberland.  She 
had  an  annuity  from  N. .  .wick  \_partially  illegible]  estate  for  her  life ; 
but  how  that  was  left  I  do  not  know.  Mr.  William  Peareth  never  let 
the  sisters  rest  untill  he  got  the  papers  from  them  to  do  them  justice, 
but  he  never  would  confess  with  them  after.  He  sent  them  to  America. 
A  gentleman  belonging  to  Burn  Hall,  near  Durham,  told  our  aunt  Mary 
he  had  seen  a  letter  wrote  by  the  General's  own  hand  concerning  three 
orphan  sisters,  a  sum  of  20,OOOZ.  for  them.  Mr.  Peareth  would  never 
confess  anything  after  that,  which  caused  my  father  to  go  to  London. 
He  could  make  nothing  out,  but  that  the  money  came,  received  by  who 
they  would  not  say ;  and  having  no  one  to  advise  him,  came  home  and 
would  never  see  after  it  again ;  so  it  was  lost.  I  read  myself,  in  the 
Newcastle  paper,  put  in  by  a  Mr.  Wilson,  of  Newcastle,  son  of  Eector 
Wilson,  that  the  niece  of  General  Washington  called  upon  him,  and  he 
presented  her  with  51.  as  a  token  of  respect ;  and  that  person  was  aunt 
Mary.  I  have  to  inform  you  Eector  Wilson  married  our  father  and 
mother  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1 780,  the  23d  of  May,  at  Washington 

1  Communicated  by  "William  Green,  Jun.,  Esq.,  of  Findon  Cottage,  near  Durham. 

2  The  name  of  Washington  is  so  unusual  in  the  North  of  England,  and  the  con- 
nection of  this  person  with  America  so  minutely  set  out,  that  it  is  difficult  to  resist 
the  impression  that  lie  was  a  near  connexion  with  the  General,  who  certainly  had 
brothers,  planters  in  Virginia,  though  not  of  the  name  of  Thomas.     Possibly  Mrs. 
Addison  is  in  error  as  to  the  baptismal  name  of  her  grandfather. 


126  WASHINGTON  LETTERS. 

Church,  near  Usworth.3  Our  mother  was  up  mostly  at  Usworth  Hall.^ 
Oar  father  Edward  Smirk  was  respectfully  decended  from  the  Wylams' 
family.4  The  Miss  Peareths  alwayes  looked  upon  aunt  Mary's  son,  and 
always  gave  him  whenever  he  went  on  our  mother's  account;  but  we 
never  went.  They  are  all  dead  but  an  old  lady,  the  last  time  I  heard  of 
them.  My  dear  mother  many  a  time  has  sat  and  wept  when  she  looked 
at  her  sons  and  daughters,  to  think  how  they  were  wronged.  She  al- 
ways committed  her  case  to  the  God  of  her  salvation,  and  she  used  to 
say  He  would  always  avenge  the  case  of  the  innocent.  Our  hairs  are 
numbered,  and  a  sparrow  cannot  fall  to  the  ground  without  His  per- 
mission. I  know  what  I  have  said  to  be  truth. 

So  dear  brother,  farewell. 

To  Washington  Smirk,  SAKAH  ADDISON. 

Butterknowle  Colliery. 

3  The  following  is  the  entry  of  the  marriage  in  "Washington    Register : — "  Ed- 
ward Smirk  and  Hannah  Washington,  both  of  this  parish,  married,  by  banns  duly- 
published   on  the  22d  day  of  May,   1780,  by  me,  E.   WILSON,  rector.     Marriage 
solemnized   on  the   day   and    year   above   written  between  us,    EDWARD   SMIRK, 
Hannah  M  Washington's  mark.     In  the  presence  of  JNO.  FATHERLEY,  JNO.  HALL." 

4  Edward   Smirk's   mother  was  Ann,   eldest  daughter  of   Mr.    John  Wylam  of 
North  Bicldick,  par.  Washington,  farmer,  by  Catherine,  who  was  living  a  widow  at 
Woodhouse,  North  Biddick,  in  1746,  and  on  3  July,  1750,  was  married  at  Washing- 
ton to  Robert  Wade  of  Ousterly,  afterwards  of  Fatfield,  yeoman.     Mr.  Wylam  was 
grandfather  of  our  highly  respected  neighbour,  Mr.  Ralph  Wylam  of  Gateshead,  who 
states  that,  in  reference  to  his  aunt's  marriage  to  Smirk,  it  was  said  that  she  pleased 
her  eyes,  and  grieved  her  heart.     The  ceremony  took  place  at  Washington,  27  Mar., 
1749,  and  her  husband,  Thomas  Smirk,  was  then  of  the  parish  of  Chester-le- Street. 
In  1751,  when,  on  11  Dec.,  his  daughter  Catherine  was  baptized  at  Washington,  he 
is  stated  to  reside  at  Cat  Dean.     His  son,  Edward  Smirk,  was  a  horsekeeper  at  the 
New  Stables  in  1781,  the  year  after  his  marriage  with  Hannah  Washington,  when, 
on   8  March,  he  baptized  a  daughter  Anne  at  Washington.      On  14   Oct.,    1783, 
"Edward  Washington,  the  son  of  Edward  Smirk  of  Washington  and  Hannah,  his 
wife,"    was    baptized   there.       Both   these    children   probably    died    very   young. 
From  1783  to  1793  there  is  a  barren  gap  in  the  register,  perhaps  in  consequence  of 
Edward  Smirk's  desertion  of  his  wife,   as  it  is  only  broken  on  5  July,  1789,  by  a 
disreputable  entry  of  the  baptism  of  "John,  illegitimate  son  of  Hannah  Smirk  of 
Washington.     John  Churnside,   supposed  father."     On  22  Dec.  1793,  was  baptized 
another  Anne,  described  as   "  daughter  of  Edward  and  Hannah  Smirk,  North  Bed- 
ick;"  and  on  28  Aug.  1796,  we  have  the  baptism  of  another  Edward,  the  parents 
being  described  in  the  same  way.     The  above  letter  gives  the  names  of  two  other 
children,  Washington  and  Sarah. 


127 


THE  HINDE  PAPERS. 

IN  the  collections  of  John  Hodgson  Hinde,  Esq.,  whence  an  estreate  of 
the  manor  of  Bearle  was  derived  for  our  vol.  i.,  p.  139,  are  several  other 
materials  for  the  history  of  the  parish  of  By  well.  Some  of  these  are 
here  briefly  noticed. 

In  1476  we  have  a  conveyance  from  David  Lowre  to  Alexander  Pors- 
ter  of  the  town  of  By  well,  comprising  seven  acres  of  land  and  meadow 
called  Jakys  Leyes  in  the  field  of  Bywell,  between  the  land  of  Thomas 
Liyll  called  Akshawe  on  the  north,  and  land  of  the  Lord  of  Bywell  on 
the  south.  The  deed,  which  bears  date  at  Bywell,  1  Apr.,  16  Edw.  IY., 
and  is  witnessed  by  John  Blakhos,  the  vicar  of  St.  Andrew's  of  Bywell, 
and  Robert  "Wright,  chaplain,  records  an  ordinary  feoffment  with  livery 
of  seisin,  and  is  endorsed.  "  Davide  Lower,  his  estaite,  bargane,  and  con- 
veiaunce."  (See  vol.  i.,  p.  206.)  In  1651  Sir  Edward  Eadcliffe,  of 
Dilston,  Bart.,  sold  the  same  "meadow  close  of  7  acres  called  Jakys 
Close,  adjoining  his  [purchased]  lands  called  Ackeshaw  on  the  north, 
and  Bywell  on  the  south,  late  the  property  of  Michael  Porster  of  By- 
well,  and  sometime  the  property  of  David  Lowrey,"  to  Anthony,  son  of 
Matthew  Coulson  of  Newton  Hall.  In  1697  Anthony  Coulson  of  ]STew 
Ridley,  and  Matthew,  his  son  and  heir,  mortgaged  to  Eobert  Porster  of 
Whittonstal,  and  in  1 700  Matthew  sold  it  to  Michael  Spain  of  Corbridge, 
who,  with  Mary  his  wife,  finally  alienated  it  to  William  Hind  of  Stel- 
lingin  1713.  The  little  field  is  still  called  Porster's  Close,  after  its 
early  owners. 

The  Hindes  were,  for  many  generations,  the  lessees  of  Stelling,  a  pos- 
session of  the  monastery  of  Hexham.  ROWLAND  HYND  was  lessee  at  the 
time  of  the  Dissolution,  and  the  Muster  Roll  of  1538,  under  "  SteUyn 
and  Acorn,"  contains  the  names  of  Rolland  Hyne  and  Thomas  Hyne. 
Rowland  had  a  son,  WILLIAM  HYND,  the  lessee  of  Bearl  in  1560.  This 
William  was  father  of  another  WILLIAM  HYND  or  Hine,  a  yeoman,  of 
Bearle,  who,  from  1582  to  1616,  is  the  leading  spirit  of  the  papers.  In 
1582,  a  singular  and  serious  clerical  error  occurs  in  a  lease  for  21  years 
to  him  from  Cuthbert  Lord  Ogle  of  Bothell.  The  whole  description  of 
the  parcels  demised  is  omitted,  and  we  only  know,  by  another  portion  of 


128  THE  HINDE  PAPERS. 

the  deed,  that  they  were  lying  in  Bearle.  It  is  stipulated  that  "  Wil- 
liam Hynd  shall  repaier  the  tenement  (tymher  excepted)  according  to 
the  custome  of  the  said  towne  of  Bearle  aforesaid" 

The  Hindes  appear  to  have  been  possessed  of  unusual  spirit  in  agri- 
cultural enterprize.     Besides  holding  the  tenement  at  Bearle,  we  find 
William  leasing  land  at  Acomb,  the  Stelling,  and  Nafferton.     At  Acomb 
he  took  a  fourth  part  of  the  tenement  called  Acorn  Hall  tenement,  in 
1603,  for  9  years,  from  John  Dobson  of  Acorn.     Dobson  had  received 
3/.  4.d.  and  41  9s.  8d.,    "  and  one  qwy  stirke  to  my  wiff  Ursula  to  be 
payed,  wherfore,  31  6s.  Sd.  for  the  fynne  and  gresson  of  the  said  fourth 
part;  and  the  rest  to  be  payed  at  or  before  Lent  next."     He  held  Stel- 
linge  under  the  Swinburne  family,  who  again  held  of  the  Eenwicks  of 
Wallington,  the  owners  of  the  monastery  lands.     In  1565  Thomas  Swin- 
burne of  Haughton,  co.  Northumberland,   fourth  son  of  George  Swin- 
burne of  Edlingham  Castle,   Esq.,  bequeathed  tothis  brother  Gawyne 
Swinburne  his  farmhold  of  the  Stellinge,1  and  mentions  his  niece  Annes 
Heron  [daughter  of  his  sister  Marian,  by  George  Heron  of  Chipchase.] 
In  1576  Gawyn   Swinburne  of  Cheeseborough  Grange,  gent.,  gave  his 
interest  in  the  Stellinge  to  one  of  his  nephew  John  Hearon  his  sons  of 
Chipchase,  whom  he  himself  should  think  good  to  bestow  it  upon,  with 
4  oxen  to  help  to  occupy  that  farmhold.     (Test.   Dunelm.   Surt.  Soc., 
236,  409).     In  1605,  "  William  Heinne  of  the  Stellinge"  pays  to  Peter 
Bell,  collector  for  "  The  Eight  Worsheppfull  Sir  John  Fenwick,  kneght, 
of  Wallinton,"  26s.   8d.  the  "Whettayn   sondaye  remit."     A  similar 
sum  for  the  Martinmas_rent  of  the  Stelling,  in  the  same  year,  was  paid 
by  Hynd  "  as  in  the  behalf  of  Mrs.  Annas  Bowes,"  to  Eobert  Jefferson, 
Sir  John's  then  collector.     In  1611  the  Stelling  was  sold  by  Sir  John 
Fenwiek,  Knt.,  to  Anne  Bowes  of  Newburn  Hall,  widow,  and  Cuthbert 
Heron  of  Chipchase,  Esq.  [her  son.]     The  demesnes  of  Nafferton  were 
also  held  under  the  Swinburn.es.     In  1613  Hynd  was   "fermor  of  the 
one  half"  of  the  same,  under  John  Swinburne  and  Gilbert  Lawe,  at  a 
rent  of  45?. ;   and  Mr.  Swinburne  seems  to  have  drawn  upon  him  for 
money  in  those  bankless  days,  as  his  necessities  called.     Thus,  in  1616, 
Lancelot  Errington  of  "  Fowerstones,  within  the  Barranrie  of  Langlie," 
receives  20s.  from  William  Hyne  of  Bearle,  "  for  my  mayster  Mr.  Swin- 
burne of  Edlingham,  due  unto  me  the  said  Lanslot  at  Penticost  by  past 
for  my  anuatie."     Again  we  have  the  following  "  bill :" — "  William,  I 
pray  yow  lende  me  xZ.  of  your  Martinmas  rent  for  my  father's  use,  if 

1  The  stock  at  Stelling  at  that  time  may  be  seen  in  Surtees  ii.,  281.     The  rent  paid 
to  the  Fenwicks  then  and  afterwards  was  26s.  Sd.  half-yearly. 


THE  HINDE  PAPERS.  129 

yow  can  spar  it,  and  this  bill  shalbe  your  discharg  :  Your  loving  freind, 
MARGRATE  SWINBURNE.     To  my  loving  freind,  W-  Hynde,  dd." 

"William  Hynde  died  in  1617,  and  the  name  of  HENRY  HYNDE,  yeo- 
man, follows  from  1618  to  1659.  Like  his  predecessor,  he  sometimes 
resided  at  Bearle,  at  others  at  Stelling.  He  continued  William's  leases, 
but  was  also  an  extensive  lessee  of  tithes  in  the  parish  of  Ovingham 
under  the  Addison  family,  impropriators  there,  and  increased  the  Naffer- 
ton  take,  holding  the  whole  "demaynes  of  Nafferton"  under  "William 
Swynborne  of  Capteton,  Esq."  for  50/.  per  aunum.  We  have  rather  a 
sharp  letter  from  his  landlord.  "Henry  :  I  wonder  yow  are  so  longe  in 
paying  me  for  the  bowl  of  rye  which  yow  said  Cutbert  Newton  bought 
of  yow.  If  yow  pay  me  not  presently,  I  will  not  crave  it  any  more, 
but  sew  yow  for  it.  Also  give  the  heard  of  Nafferton  warneing  that  he 
loke  to  the  dikes  at  his  perell  now  when  they  are  made  tenantable : 
Your  freind,  W.  SWINBURN.  To  my  loving  freind  Henry  Hynd,  dd." 
In  1657,  there  is  a  receipt  on  21  Dec.  by  Matthew  Bee  for  William 
Swinburne  of  Hallywell,  Esq.,  from  Henry  Hinde  of  Stellin,  of  201.  to 
be  paid  at  Candlemas  next  ensuing. 

The  fourth  of  the  tenement  at  Acomb  was  now  in  the  name  of  Ten- 
wick.  In  1623  Henry  Fenwicke  of  the  Hugh,  co.  Northumb.,  gent., 
assigns  it  to  Henry  Hynde,  its  late  tenant,  for  the  residue  of  a  term  of 
31  years,  demised  by  the  King,  on  20  Nov.,  212  anno  regni,  to  Sir  Henry 
Fane,  knt.,  whose  estate  Fenwicke  now  enjoys.  On  the  expiration  of 
the  term,  the  Fenwicks  appear  to  have  obtained  a  renewal  of  their  lease, 
as  in  1659  we  find  Hinde  paying  21.  per  annum  to  William  Fenwick,3 
for  the  fourth  part,  and  in  1660  Oswold  Hind^aid  the  same. 

In  1620,  "Ann  Bowes  of  Newborne,  co.  Nd.,  widowe,  late  wife  of 
Henry  Bowes,  Esq.,"  conveyed  her  moiety  of  Stelling  to  her  "  son  Cuth- 
bert  Heron  of  Chipchase,  Esq.,"  the  copurchaser  signing  "  Anne  Bowes," 
and  sealing  with  the  Heron  crest.  "  Thomas  Fyttz  als.  Fyttzherbert" 
is  an  attesting  witness,  in  court-hand.  "  Geo.  Collingwood"  is  another. 
A  memorandum  endorsed  states  that  Mr.  Heron  had  "redemised"  the 
tenement  unto  Mrs.  Ann  Bowes  for  40  years,  if  she  should  so  long 
live.  George  CoUingwood  was  husband  of  a  grandniece  of  Gawen  Swin- 
burne, Jane,  daughter  of  Thomas  Swinburne  of  Edlingharn,  Esq.,  and 
there  must  have  been  a  coexistent  lease  to  her,  for  on  Mr.  Cuthbert 
Heron's  sale  of  Stelling,  in  1623,  to  Henry  Hind,  previously  tenant, 

*  The  assignment  is  dated  10  Nov.  21  Jac.  There  is,  therefore,  some  discrepancy 
in  the  date. 

»  In  1681  the  Hindes  were  paying  Robert  Fenwick  21.  10«.  for  his  Martinmas 
rent. 


130  THE  HINDE  PAPERS. 

such  a  lease  is  mentioned  as  held  by  "  Mrs.  Collingwood."  Accordingly 
in  1625,  George  Collingwood  of  Dalden,  "  in  right  of  his  wife,"  received 
in.  6s.  Sd.  of  the  rent  of  Stelling.  In  1633  Henry  Hinde  paid  this, 
and  there  are  receipts  in  1635.  Mr.  Hinde  also  purchased  a  freehold 
farm  at  Ovington,  of  John  Belly,  in  1635,  and  another  freehold  farm  at 
the  same  place,  of  Thomas  Harrison,  in  1636. 

Under  Lady  Cavendish,  Mr.  Hinde  filled  the  office  of  bailiff  for  New- 
ton Hall  and  Bearle.  In  1624  he  paid  56s.  8^.  for  the  half  year's  rent 
of  Bearle,4  to  Francis  Carnaby  for  Lady  Catherine's  use;  in  1632  he 
paid  I7L  17 s.  4d.  to  William  Carnaby,  for  the  Martinmas  half  year's 
rent  for  Bearle  and  Newton  Hall,  and  similar  payments  occur  in  Novem- 
ber, 1633,  May,  1631,  November,  1635,  and  June,  1636.  At  Whitsun- 
tide, 1633,  18?.  7s.  Sd.  was  paid,  and  Hinde  is  called  "Bayliff  for  New- 
tonn  Hale,  and  Bare."  In  June,  1636,  Matfen  is  included  with  Bearle 
and  Newton  Hall  in  the  1 71.  1 7s.  4d,  The  rents  were  for  the  use  of 
"William  Earl  of  Newcastle.  In  July,  1634,  we  have  a  bond  from 
Henry  Hind,  George  Coulson,  William  Moure,  and  "Richard  Coulson,  all 
yeomen  of  Bearl,  to  Sir  William  Carnaby  of  Bothell,  conditioned  for 
payment  of  15/.  at  Pentecost  next.  The  form  of  the  instrument  is  pe- 
culiar, for  the  binding  and  testing  clause  is  repeated  after  the  condition 
instead  of  the  avoiding  clause.  In  connection  with  Hinde's  office,  we 
have,  in  1626,  a  letter  from  Francis  Carnaby  to  William  Eydly  at  Mo- 
rale, commanding  "  yow,  in  my  ladye's  name,  that  yow  and  the  rest  of 
the  tanens  of  Morale  be  redye,  upon  notyes  given  by  the  balef  of  Bearle, 
to  brynge  mylstones  for  Bottell  rnylne,  and  brynge  thym  to  Bearle. 
Henry  Hynde  will  dereck  yow  when  and  where  yow  shall  receve  thym." 
The  same  year  gives  us  a  receipt  by  John  Gambling,  deputy  bailiff  of 
the  manor  of  Bywell,  to  Hinde  for  25s.,  "for  the  castle  gard  and  cor- 
neage,  as  fee  farme  to  the  manner  of  Bywell,  dew  att  the  feast  of  St. 
Mychaell  the  arkangell." 

Mr.  Hinde,  of  course,  shared  the  burdens  of  the  heavy  period  in  which 
he  lived,  and  the  following  papers  will  show  very  clearly  the  mode  in 
which  they  bore  upon  the  middle  ranks  of  society.  The  first  item  is  a 
subsidy  roll  of  a  few  years  previous  to  the  turning  point  of  English 
history. 

SUBSIDY  ROLL  FOR  THE  PARISHES  OF  BYWELL  ST.  PETER  AND 
BYWELL  ST.  ANDREW,   A.D.  1627. 

1627.  BEABEEES  TO  THE  FIVE  SUBSIDIES  [BYWELL  ST.  PETEE.] 
[EsPEEsiiiELS,  HEALEI,   &c.] — Mr.  Elleringtone,  5s. — Mr.   Saunder- 
sonne,  5s. — John  Swinburne,  12^.     -Richard  Suirties,  2s. — Robert  Tees- 

4  "  And  Newton  Halle"  erased. 


THE  HINDE  PAPEKS:  131 

daill,  2s. — Izaac  Nicholsone,  4d. — Jaine  Newtone,  4d. — Robert  Hunter, 
12^.— William  Suirties,  Qd.— John  Usher,  4d. — Thomas  March,  Qd.— 
Thomas  Andrewe,  4d. — Thomas  Snawball,  4d. — Eaphe  Carr,  Qd. — Chris- 
tofor  Newton,  4d. — John  Wilkinsone,  12d. — Summe,  20s.  Qd. 

BROMLEY  GREVESHIPP. — Robert  Newton,  \8d. — William  Newton,  18^. 
—Peter  Newton,  12d. — Edward  Newton,  ISd. — Uswold  Usher,  I2d.— 
Raphe  Newton,  I2d. — Christofor  Farbrigg,  4d. — John  Richardsone,  4d. 
— Robert  Foster,  4d.— Thomas  Palliser,  4^.— William  Taillor,  12d. — 
Thomas  Augood,  12d. — Thomas  Sharpray,  Qd. — -William  Anguish,  Qd. — 
John  Belly,  Qd — Mathew  Birkes,  4d. — Edwa'rd  Taillor,  Qd. — George 
Hedley,  4a. — Thomas  Lawsone,  4d. — Edward  Thompsone,  4d. — Summe, 
Us.  Qd. 

BYWELL  GREVESHIPP. — George  Winshipp,  I8d, — Bart.  Kentt,  12d. — 
Roger  Newton,  12d. — John  Nicholsone,  6^-Cuthbert  Newton,  Qd. — 
William  Dawson,  Qd. — William  Hume,  Qd.—  Edward  Robinsonne,  4d. — 
John  Malliburne,  8^. — George  Taillor,  Qd. — Michael  Foster,  Qd. — Summe, 
7s.  Qd. 

NEWTON. — "William  Robinsone,  18^. — John  Robinsonne,  ISd. — Rich- 
ard Herrisone,  Qd. — William  Wilkinsone,  Qd. — Henry  Hind,  5s. — 
William  Lawsone,  Qd. — John  Browne,  Qd. — Anthony  Hunter,  Qd. — 
Wedow  Davison,  4d. — Ellexander  Malliburn,  Qd. — George  Wilkinsone, 
Qd. — Cuthbert  Ridley,  Qd. — William  Browne,  Qd. — Mathew  Cowston, 
6^. — George  Dobsone,  Qd. — Henry  Winshopp,  6^. — [Summe]  14s.  4d. 

Summe  of  all,  665.  IQd. 

1627.  BYWELL  ANDHEWE  RATE  TO  FIYE  SUBSIDIES. 

Mr.  Mathew  Newton,  5s.— John  Foster,  2s.  6^.— John  Ridley,  2s.  Qd. 
— Robert  Hunter,  2s. — Mr.  John  Hodshon,  2s. — Stiphorthe,  2s. — Bart. 
Richardsone,  Qd. — George  Farbrigge,  Qd. — George  Lumley,  Qd. — John 
Taillor,  6d. — For  Lumle  Fermhould,  6^. — William  Smith,  Qd. — John 
Usher,  d.5— Bar.  Taillor,  I2d. — George  Usher,  Qd. — Thomas  Hudspith, 
Qd. — Shilforthe,  I2d. — George  Cowstone,  I2d. — Thomas  Jeninge,  8^. — 
William  Hunter  and  his  brother,  8d. — Peter  Dridone,  I2d. 

Summe,  27s.  Qd. 


1639-40.  March  16.  15  Car. — RECEIPT  given  by  Lancelot  Allgood  to 
Henry  Hynde  of  Stelling,  collector  of  the  assessment  for  the  ship  mo- 
nies, for  13/.,  viz. : — "  Buywell  towne,  3?, ;  Buywell  Hall,  4s. ;  Acombe, 
31. ;  Newton,  Bearle,  and  Stelling,  31. ;  Newton  Hall,  11.  16s.;  more 
for  Buywell  Peter  rectorie,  11.  5s. ;  for  By  well  mylnes,  5s. ;  for  personall 
estates  of  Mathew  Colson  of  Newton  Hall,  and  Cuthbert  Ridley  of  New- 
ton, each  5s."  An  additional  receipt  for  4s.  assessed  upon  Henry  Win- 
shopp of  Acomb.  [The  writs  for  ship-money  were  dated  10  Nov.  pre- 
viously. Northumberland  was  to  furnish  one  ship  of  68  men  and  168 
tons.  The  county  was  in  heavy  arrears  for  former  years,  700Z.  (out  of 
2100Z.)  for  1636,  900/.  for  1637,  and  700?.  for  1638.] 

5  This  item  looks  like  vjjW.  changed  into  xjjd.  Unless  neither  form  is  accurate  the 
account  is  wrongly  cast  up.  The  other  items  amount  to  11.  5s.  4d.,  2s.  2d.  being  re- 
quired to  make  up  the  sum  total. 


132  THE  HINDE  PAPERS. 

June  the  16th,  1643. — Thes  are  to  whome  it  may  concerne,  that  the 
bearer  hereof,  John  Grene,  is  entertained  a  horseman  under  the  com- 
mand of  Captaine  Raiph  Errington,  therfor  I  would  desire  all  officers 
what  soever  not  to  molest  nor  troble  him,  he  behavinge  himselfe  like  an 
honest  man.  Given  under  my  hand  the  day  and  yeare  above. 

HEN.  TROTTER,  Liuetennant. 

From  my  quarters  at  Topliffe. 

THE  HUMBLE  PETITION  OF  HENRY  HlNDE  OP  SlELLING. 

[1643.] — To  the  right  honorable  Sir  Thomas  Glemham,  knight  and 
barronett,  his  Majestic' s  Commander-in-Cheife  for  these  northern 
counties,  and  to  the  rest  of  the  Committee  now  assembled. 

The  humble  petition  of  Henry  Hinde  of  Stelling,  in  Northumberland, 
yeoman. 

Humbly  sheweth,  That  your  petitioner  was  a  souldiour  under  the 
Earle  of  Newcastle,  and  haveing  a  wife  and  a  great  charge,  and  none  to 
loke  to  what  he  hath,  hired  a  man  in  his  place,  and  besides,  to  shew  his 
affection  for  this  present  expedition,  paid  divers  cessmentes  and  40s.  in 
particuler  to  Captaine  Errington,  and  soe  it  is  that  he  was  assessed  by  the 
Committee  201. ,  whereof  he  paid  10?.  to  Major  "Widdrington,  and  now 
he  is  much  putt  upon  for  the  remainder  thereof,  although  he  is  very 
unable  to  pay  the  same,  because  of  late  he  had  stolne  from  him  twenty 
beastes,  which  was  better  worth  than  60?.,  and  never  got  any  of  them 
againe,  or  ought  for  them,  and  hath  had  souldiours  quartered  with  him 
for  a  long  tyme. 

May  it  therefore  please  your  good  honour  and  this  Committee  to  con- 
sider of  your  petitioner's  great  losse,  and  of  his  cessmentes  paid,  and  of 
the  souldiours  he  hath  quartered  with  him,  and  soe  of  his  inability  fur- 
ther to  contribute,  though  very  willing  soe  to  doe  if  able ;  and  to  graunt 
him  his  discharge  for  the  remainder  of  his  cesse  of  201. 

And  he,  his  wife,  and  family,  as  in  duty  bound,  shall  ever  pray,  &c. 

Northumberland,  29°  die  Novembris,  1643.. 

It  is  ordered  this  daie  by  the  Committee,  that  the  withinnamed  peti- 
cioner  beinge  assessed  20?.  for  contribution  money,  whereof  hee  hath 
paid  12?.6  to  Major  Widdrington,  which,  his  estate  considered,  wee  con- 
ceive to  be  sufficient,  and  doe  order  that  hee  shalbe  freed  of  the  other 
eight  poundes. — GILBERT  SWINHOE,  JOHN  DELAVAL,  NICH.  TEMPEST, 
CUTHBERT  HERON,  EAPH  CARNABY,  MARK  ERRINGTON. 

A  TRUE  COPY  OF  GOODES  TAKEN  FROM  MEE  HENRY  HlNDE  of  the  Stel- 
ling, in  the  parish  of  Bywell  Peter,  in  the  county  of  Northumberland, 
Anno  1643  [4.] 

At  their  leager  on  Tine- Water. 

Imprimis.  Artillery  Eegiment  tooke  from  mee  7  stacks  of  rye,  12 
boules  in  every  stack,  521  Ss.  Seaven  stacks  of  otes,  12  boulesin  every 
stacke,  taken  by  the  army,  25?.  4s.  One  stack  of  bigge,  conteyning  10 
boules,  51  One  and  thirty  beastes  taken  by  CaseelTs  regiment,  46?.  10s. 

6  Altered  from  101.     The  121.  includes  tlie  40*.  paid  to  Errington. 


THE  HINDE  PAPERS.  133 

60  sheepe,  151  Five  swine,  II.  5s.  40  foother  of  hay,  20Z.  3  horses, 
61.  3  iron  harrowes,  10s.  2  short  waines,  21.  2  long  waines,  21.  9 
yokes,  9s.  In  linning  and  woollen  clothes,  31.  20  boules  of  winnowed 
otes,  61.  4  boules  of  winnowed  rye,  21.  8s.  3  bushells  of  malt,  II.  5 
quarters  of  beefe,  ll.  Paid  for  releeseing  of  some  beastes  by  the  Scotts, 
18s.  In  pewter,  brass,  bedding,  and  other  house  stuffe/20?.  Axes, 
wimbles,  and  other  iron  worke,  ll.  A  Bible,  a  Testament,  and  other 
bookes,  1 3s. — Summe,  215?.  5s. 

Paid  to  Major  Houston,  in  cess  and  bilett,  3?.  8s.  Paid  to  Capt. 
Sterling,  in  Edenbrough  regiment,  in  mony  and  other  provision,  ll.  Us. 
Quartering  3  men  and  3  horses  9  daies,  belonging  to  Capt.  Casenes, 
ll.  Is.;  to  Capt.  Ogle  and  Capt.  Burton,  lls. — Summe,  61.  17s. 

The  whole  together  is  222?  2s. 

THE  PETICION  OF  THE  INHABITANTES  OF  NUETON  HALL. 

To  the  Right  Worshippfull  Commissioners  to  the  high  and  mighty  Court 
of  Parlament.  The  humble  peticion  of  Henry  Hinde,  William 
Browne,  Anthony  Hunter,  Mathew  Colestone,  tenantes  to  Baron 
lladcliffe  of  Dilstone,  for  the  whole  hamlett  of  Nueton  Hall,  in  the 
county  of  Northumberland,  1644. 

Humbly  sheweth  that,  whereas  some  of  us  have  been  a  long  time 
tenants  and  inhabitants  there,  and  farmed  that  land  of  him  :  And  all  of. 
us  conditioned  with  him  that  he  was  to  undergoe  (in  his  rent)  all  and  all 
manner  of  ceasementes,  the  ceasementes  laid  on  the  church  only  excepted : 
And  now  the  rent  of  the  said  land  is  demanded  of  us  by  Mr.  Bootenower,7 
which  wee  did  not  expect  should  be  required,  neyther  of  the  landlord 
nor  any  others,  in  regard  that  at  Candlemus  last  our  hay,  corne,  horses, 
sheepe,  and  beastes,  were  violently  taken  from  us  by  the  Scottish  army, 
the  traine  of  Artillery  lay  in  our  poore  steede  five  dayes  and  six  nightes, 
the  which  our  losses  wee  made  partly  to  appere  in  our  scedells  given  in 
lately  at  Hexam,  and  the  charge  of  continuall  biliting  and  ceasements 
both  before  that  and  ever  since,  soe  that  the  whole  rent  (for  some  yeares 
to  come)  will  not  countervaile  our  great  losses  and  charge  imposed  uppon 
that  land,  and  the  which  wee  are  unable  to  pay  and  to  releeve  our  fami- 
lies, all  which  wee  leave  to  your  pious  consideracion.  And  humbly  take 
our  leaves. 

The  truth  hereof  wee  are  ready  to  bee  deposed,  and  wee  have  some 
officers'  hand  to  a  note  in  parte  hereof. 

1650.  Mar.  3.  RECEIPT  from  Ralph  Anderson  to  Henry  Hynde  of 
Stalling,  for  4s.,  "  being  the  sesse  of  6s.  on  the  pound,  ancient  rent." 

?  A  name  frequent  in  the  district.  In  1617  George  Bowtflower  of  Apperley,  co. 
Nd.,  gent.,  bought  from  Henry  Robson  of  Hyndeley,  co.  Nd.,  yeoman,  a  messuage  or 
free  tenement  of  the  ancient  rent  of  5s.  in  Hyndeley,  to  hold  of  the  chief  lord  by  the 
rent  and  services  accustomed.  Robson  signs  by  an  H,  and  seals  the  bond  with  the 
device  of  a  boar  passant,  in  the  presence  of  "  Petter  Newton,  William  Boutflower, 
John  Boutflower,  meique  Johannis  More."  Another  bond  of  1619  is  witnessed  by 
"  Edmunde  Knolles,  clarke,  and  Christopher  Gill."  (Deeds  communicated  by  the 
Rev.  E.  H.  Adamson.) 

T 


134  THE  HINDE  PAPERS, 

1651.  July  26.  EECEIPT  from  the  same  to  the  same  for  12s.  6d., 
"  being  the  sesse  of  thre  pounds  and  seven  shillings  of  the  pound,  for 
Stelling :  after  the  new  Booke  of  Raites  :  for  the  use  of  this  armey  for 
this  Commonwealth." 

PETITION  of  Henry  Hynde  of  Stellin  to  the  Justices  of  the  Peace  for 
Northumberland.  He  recites  that  he  "  was  charged  in  the  last  new 
Booke  of  Rates  at  the  yearly  valew  of  16?.  for  Stellin,  and  that  upon 
due  examination,  and  hath  continued  the  payment  for  the  same  accord- 
ing to  that  value."  He  is  "  now  charged  after  the  valew  of  30?.  by 
warrant  issued  foorth  for  payment  of  the  monethlie  sesse,  whereby  your 
petitioner  and  his  posteritie  are  likely  hereby  to  be  impoverished  and 
undone  if  ease  be  not  herein  had."  He  prays  "  such  redre&se  as  may 
stand  with  equity  and  your  good  worshipps*  pleasures." 

1651.  Feb.  20.  RECEIPT  from  Ralph  Anderson  to  Henry  Hinde  of 
Stelling,  for  2s.,  "for  the  cess  of  20s.  per  pound  for  the  use  of  Captaine 
Doffinby." 

1652.  Oct.  12.  RECEIPT  from  Richard  Newton  to  "Hendry  Hynde," 
for  5s.  2d.,  being  "  the  ses  of  21.  11s.  on  the  pound  for  six  months  ses 
towardes  the  mantinance  of  the  armes  [armies]  in  England,  Ireland,  and 
Scotland  "  ;  and  also  for  2s.  "for  Capten  Ogell  who  is  to  save  harmeles 
this  cuntie  from  felonious  s telling  of  goods  by  mostroopers  and  others." 
Another  receipt  for  2s,,  "being  the  ses  of  20s.  on  the  pound  for  Capten 
Ogell  for  keeping  this  countie,"  is  dated  June  8,  1653. 

The  name  of  Os WOLD  HIND  occurs  in  1660,  but  we  need  not  follow 
the  details  of  the  papers  at  a  later  date.  To  the  latter  half  of  the  17th 
century  the  handwriting  of  the  following  charm  may  be  ascribed : — 

"  By  this  High  and  Mighty  power  and  name  Tetragrammaton  and  In 
the  name  of  the  Blessed  Trinity,  Father,  Son,  and  Holy  Ghost,  I  Charge 
and  Command  the  Devil  and  unclean  Spirits,  to  go  forth  of  his  Chamber, 
and  to  depart  from  me  in  peace,  and  not  to  molest  or  troble  me  any 
more." 

We  conclude  with  a  dispute  in  1756,  about  the  tithe  of  new  inclosures 
on  Shildon  Common,  in  Northumberland. 

In  1754  George  Smith  of  Burn  Hall  had  received  from  Oswald  Hind 
of  the  Stelling  6s.  Set.,  "  for  prescription  money,  and  for  all  tyths  what- 
soever due  for  the  Stelling  at  Easter  day."  But  in  1756  he  writes  to 
the  then  Mr.  Hind  that  he  understood  from  Mr.  H.'s  son  that  his  father 
refused  to  pay  the  tithes  of  his  share  of  Shildon  Common,  and,  with  the 
hint  of  a  law  suit,  he  annexes  an  opinion  he  had  taken,  which  was 
this: — "I  am  of  opinion  that  the  antient  modus  or  prescript  rent  can- 
not extend  to  more  lands  than  those  for  which  they  have  been  antiently 


THE  HINDE  TAPERS.  135 

and  immemorially  paid,  but  that  all  new  enclosures  and  allottments  will 
be  liable  to  the  payment  of  tiths  in  kind. — N.  FAZAKERLEY"  The  con- 
troversy seeins  to  have  lingered,  for  in  1764,  William  Archer  writes, 
from  Durham,  to  his  honored  father,  that  he  had  tendered  the  modus  to 
Mrs.  Smith.  He  had  told  her  that  it  was  in  lieu  of  all  tythes  due  for 
the  S  telling.  She  refused  to  receive  it  except  as  for  the  old  inclosures 
only.  "  I  asked  her  why  she  gave  me  such  a  note  to  send  you,  and 
told  her  I  thought  she  use  you  very  ill  by  given  you  so  much  trouble, 
and  would  not  receive  the  modius  when  it  was  tendered  to  her.  She 
said  Mr.  Shuttleworth  had  a  share  with  her,  and  if  he  was  willing  to 
take  it  she  was  very  agreeable,  but  could  not  without  his  consent.  .  .  . 
I  went  and  wated  upon  him,  and  his  answer  was,  that  before  he  would 
take  it  any  otherwise  then  for  the  old  inclosures  only,  he  would  have  the 
opinion  of  a  court,  so  I  did  not  think  proper  to  pay  it."  The  Hindes 
seem  to  have  won  the  day,  for  in  1801  and  following  years,  annual  re- 
ceipts for  6s.  8<£  "  for  prescription  money  and  for  all  tithes  whatsoever 
due  for  the  Stelling  at  Easter,"  are  given  to  Mr.  George  Hind  by  the 
steward  of  the  Silvertops. 

W.  HYLTON  DYER  LONGSTAFFE,  F.S.A. 


136 


EARLY  MENTION  OF  COFFEE  IN  DURHAM. 

THE  following  local  notices  of  coffee  occur  in  the  Journal1  of  Timothy 
"Whittingham,  Esq.,  of  Holmside,  co.  Durham.  It  will  be  observed 
that  there  is  considerable  variation  in  the  price.  It  is  said  that  coffee 
was  introduced  into  England  in  1652,  ten  years  previous  to  Mr.  Whit- 
tingham's  purchases,  by  a  Turkey  merchant  named  Edwards,  who  also 
imported  a  Greek  servant  accustomed  to  prepare  it,  and  whom  he  set 
up  in  a  coffee  house  on  the  site  of  the  Virginian  Coffee  House  in  St. 
Michael's  Alley,  Cornhill.2 

1662.  Nov.  3.  Halfe  pound  of  coffee  powder  then  cost  3s. 
Then  also  1  quarter  of  coffee  from  Durham  Is. 
Nov.  25.  Halfe  pound  of  coffee  powder  cost  3s. 
Dec.  24.  One  quarter  of  coffee  powder  2s. 

At  a  much  later  period  the  supply  of  coffee  at  Durham  was  uncer- 
tain. In  1722  Ralph  Gowland  writes  to  his  son  Samuel  in  London  as 
follows  : — "  You  must  send  or  bring  with  you  some  raw  coffee.  There 
is  little  to  be  had  here  at  present;  but  wee  expect  much  from  Hol- 
land." 3 

1  In  the  possession  of  his  descendant,  Mrs.  Algood  of  the  Hermitage. 

2  Pictorial  Hist,  of  England,  iii.,  548. 

3  Letter   communicated  by   Mr,  Trueman.      "  Pray  move  my  Lord  Chancellor 
against  the  officer  that  neglects  drawing  upp  the  decree  for  Blacket,  now  2  or  3  years. 

It  is  very  scandalous,  and  yet  we  must  resent  it My  wig  I  very  much  dislike. 

It  is  too  thin  of  hair,  not  wide  enough  in  the  head,   and  the  tyes  too  short  and  too 
thin,  soe  thin  that  they  cannot  be  of  any  service.     Therefore  I  must  know  what  is  to 
be  done  with  it.     He  must  blame  himselfe  for  his  folly  in  not  shewing  it  to  you  be- 
fore he  sent  it  down.    The  hair  is  the  only  thing  I  like  of  it." 


137 


THE  HEIRS-GENERAL  TO  RADCLYFFE  OF  DERWENTWATER, 
AND  THE  HEIRS-MALE  TO  DACRE  OF  GREYSTOCK.1 

THE  Radclyffes,  occupying  in  many  of  their  branches  an  eminent  posi- 
tion in  the  history  of  their  country,  have  been  unfortunate  in  their 
chroniclers  as  in  their  fate.  Their  origin,  their  consanguinity,  and  their 
priority  of  representation,  are  alike  obscure  and  disputed.  Even  in  those 
lines  which  produced  the  most  brilliant  results  this  remark  holds  good. 
Opposed  to  the  various  houses  which  doubled  the  engrailed  bend,  the 
line  of  Radclyffe  of  that  ilk,  and  the  houses  of  Sussex,2  Farmesdon,  and 
Wymersley,  who  were  successively  in  remainder  to  it,  all  bore  the  beau- 
tiful bearing  of  the  single  bend ;  yet  the  exact  positions  of  these  allied 
families  is  by  no  means  exemplified  to  demonstration.  Fortunately,  our 
northern  counties  are  only  interested  to  any  great  extent  in  the  Wy- 
mersley  family ;  but  it  is  a  host  in  itself,  widely  scattered  in  long- 
continued  and  separate  descents,  all  much  overshadowed  by  the 
glory  of  one  of  its  members,  the  ennobled  House  of  Dilston.  In  the 
possession  of  the  Isle  of  Derwentwater,  and  the  eventual  male  represen- 
tation of  the  spouse  of  Der  went  water's  heiress,  vested  in  the  Dilston 
baronets  and  earls,  we  lose  sight  of  the  circumstance  that  the  heirship- 
general  was  running  in  a  very  different  channel.  It  was  running  in 
individuals  who  were  racked  with  long  and  unhappy  dissensions,  which 
ended  in  the  double  misfortune  of  their  losing  most  of  the  Radclyffe 
lands  as  heirs-general,  the  Dacre  lands  as  heirs-male. 

"We  say  the  heirship-general  of  the  heiress  of  Derwentwater' s  husband, 
for  that  of  the  Wymersley  house  in  general  continued  in  an  elder  stream. 

1  This  article  is  chiefly  grounded  upon  papers  in  Greenwich  Hospital,  copies  of 
which  were  made  atjthe  expence  of  John  Fenwick,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  who  gives  the  Soci- 
ety the  advantage  of  his  zeal  for  the  elucidation  of  North  Country  history. 

2  The  standard  of  Katcliffe,  Lord  Fitzwater  in  1513,  was  composed  of  "a  babyon, 
with  a  hatte  upon  hys  hed,  and  a  bull's  hed  sabull  rassed,  the  homes  sylver,  wyth  a 
crown  and  a  cheyn  at  hyt,  about  hys  nek  sylver,  and  a  elbow  gard  and  the  sonne, 
gold."     Near  the  elbow  guard  (which  in  1475  is  called  a  garbralle]  is  written  the 
motto— "Jerey" 


138       HEIRS-GENERAL  TO  RADCLYFFE  OF  DERWENTWATER, 

Thomas  Radclyffe  of  "Wymersley,3  in  whom  that  house  separated  from 
the  chiefs  at  Radclyffe  Tower,  was  father  of  Sir  Richard  Eadclyffe  of 
"Wymersley  and  Clitheroe,  Sir  Nicholas  who  married  Elizabeth  de  Der- 
wentwater,  and  Sir  Ralph.  Sir  Richard4  was  summoned  to  parliament 
in  1405,  was  at  Agincourt  in  1415,  and  died  in  1433-4.  His  eldest  son 
Sir  Thomas,  by  marriage  with  his  relation  Catherine,  the  half  sister  to 
Bishop  Booth  of  Durham,  had  a  son  Richard,  who  continued  the  line  at 
"Wymersley,  and  Henry,5  who  settled  at  Tunstall,  near  Stranton,  by 
marriage  with  a  coheiress  of  the  Pulthorpes.  Of  his  branch  a  full  ped- 
igree will  be  found  in  Surtees's  Durham,  vol.  iii.  The  members  of  it 
who  were  settled  at  Ugthorpe,  in  Yorkshire,  fell  into  great  decay.  In 
1809  the  representative  was  "William  Radclyffe,  a  cottager,  of  the  age  of 
70,  at  Stillington,  in  Yorkshire.  "  This  poor  man  (says  Radclyffe  the 
herald)  has  been  so  improvident  as  to  spend  the  wreck  of  the  trifling 
inheritance  which  his  ancestors  for  some  generations  past  appeared  to 
have  preserved  with  much  difficulty,  having  often  been  mortgaged.  He 
now  exists  on  the  precarious  bounty  of  his  friends,  and  is,  I  believe, 
little  above  a  common  labourer."  A  younger  line,  settled  at  Coxwold 
as  gentry,  shared  no  better  fate.  Joseph  Radclyffe  of  Coxwold,  born  in 
1726,  married  the  heiress  of  James  Clayton  of  Nottingham.  "  Having 
some  little  fortune  of  his  own,  which  was  improved  by  that  of  his  wife, 
he  soon  after  his  marriage  kept  a  house  in  Grosvenor  Square,  with  a 
coach  and  four,  and  kept  it  up  as  the  means  lasted.  His  widow,  a  clever 
sensible  woman,  kept  a  ready-made  shoe  shop,  in  about  1795,  in  Oxford 
Street,  and  is  now  (1810)  in  Edinburgh,  on  the  bounty,  I  believe,  of 
some  old  female  acquaintance."  At  that  time  there  were  numerous  de- 
scendants of  both  lines  derived  from  Ugthorpe. 

But  to  return  to  SIR  NICHOLAS  RADCLYFFE,  the  younger  son  of  Thomas 
of  "Wymersley.  He  was  so  fortunate  as  to  secure  the  hand  of  the  heir- 
ess of  the  isle  about  1417,  and  with  the  son  and  heir  of  the  marriage, 
SIR  THOMAS  RADCLYFFE,  who  lived  upon  the  isle,  and  married  the  aunt 
of  Queen  Katherine  Parr,  we  find  the  extraordinary  disinherison  of  the 
right  heir  to  which  we  have  already  alluded. 

We  must  premise  that  (besides  eleven6  daughters)  he  had  six  sons : — 

3  ARMS. — "Thomas  Radclyffe  de  "Wymerley,  2  filius,  bears  [Argent],  abend  in- 
greined  Sable,  with  a  libard's  heade  in  the  dexter  point." — Pedigree  at  Greenwich 
Hospital. 

4  AJRMS. — "  Sir  Rychard  Ratcleff  of  "Wymbreley."    Argent,  a  bend  engrailed  Sable, 
in  the  sinister  chief  point  an  escallop  Sable  [Gules,  according  to  Whitaker]  for  differ- 
ence.    Sari.  MSS.,  4632,  f.  117. 

5  ARMS. — Argent,  a  bend  engrailed  Sable,  in  the  dexter  point  a  mullet. 

6  Visit.  Northumb. 


AND  THE  HEIRS-MALE  TO  DACRE  OF  GREYSTOCK.  139 

1.  John,  his  heir;  2.  Sir  Richard,  the  favourite  of  Richard  III.;  3. 
Sir  Edward,  who  married  the  heiress  of  Cartington,  Lady  of  Cartington, 
Dilston,7  and  "Whittonstall,  co.  Northd.,  and  of  Hawthorne,  co.  Durham  ; 
4.  Nicholas  of  Keswick,  gent. ;  5,  6.  Christopher,  a  priest,  and  Row- 
land, religious.  In  1480  he  suffered  a  recovery  of  his  manor  of  Castle- 
rigg,  Keswicke  [alias  DerwentwaterJ,  Naddell,  Burnes,  Smaythwayte, 
Legbarthwait,  and  Furnesett,  to  his  third  son  Edward,  who  immedi- 
ately entailed  them,  by  conveying  them  back  to  his  father  and  Sir  Rich- 
ard, the  second  son,  for  their  lives ;  remainder  to  the  heirs  male  of  the 
bodies  of — 1,  Sir  Richard;  2,  Sir  Edward;  3,  Nicholas;  4,  Christopher; 
and  5,  Rowland,8  successively.  Thus  the  heir  is  entirely  omitted,  but 
it  appears  by  a  deed  of  1530  that,  on  this  recovery,  Richard  and  Ed- 
ward were  sworn  that  John,  the  heir,  should  enjoy  the  manor  of  Der- 
wentwater  for  life,  if  he  overlived  his  father  and  his  brother  Richard. 
This  event  took  place,  for  Sir  Richard  Radclyffe,  K.G.,  came  to  an  un- 
timely death  under  the  banners  of  his  namesake,  at  Bosworth  Eield,  in 
1485.9  He  was,  in  fact,  one  of  those  triumvirs,  "The  Cat,  the  Rat, 
and  Lovell  the  Dog,"  who  "  ruled  all  England  under  the  Hog."  A 
man  he  was  that  was  "  short  and  rude  in  speech,  and  as  far  from  pity 
as  from  all  fear  of  God."  He  had  resided  at  Sadbury,  near  Richmond, 
in  consequence  of  his  marriage  with  Widow  Boynton  of  that  place,  a 
daughter  of  Lord  Scrope  of  Bolton,  and  he  left  a  son  Richard  to  become 
first  of  entail. 

Old  Sir  Thomas  survived  his  knightly  son  for  ten  years,  dying  in 
1495,  a  month  after  the  younger  Richard  had,  by  act  of  Parliament, 
obtained  the  restoration  of  his  interest  in  the  Derwentwater  estates,  and 
the  reversal  of  his  father's  attainder.  The  disinherited  son,  JOHN  BA.D- 
CLYFFE,  immediately  entered.  He  "  had  nothing  by  descent,  but  only 
had  occupation  by  sufferance  of  Richard  [dead]  and  Edward,  his  bro- 
thers, in  respect  of  their  oath."  He  died  after  1509,  leaving,  by  Anne, 
fifth  daughter  and  coheir  of  Henry  Fenwick  of  Fenwick,  Esq.,  two 
children,  Sir  JOHN  RADCLYFFE,  his  heir,  and  Anne  Radclyffe,  who,  in 
the  Greenwich  papers  relative  to  this  complex  business,  is  said  to  have 
married  Bo  well,  identified  by  Mr.  Surtees  with  her  cousin,  John 

7  ARMS. — "  Ratclyfe  of  Relyston."     Argent,  a  bend  engrailed  Sable,  in  the  dexter 
point  an  escallop  for  difference      In  Visit.  Northumb.  the  difference  is  a  quartrefoil 
Or,  in  the  crest  as  well  as  the  arms.— Sari.  MSS.,  4632,  f.  117. 

8  Christopher  and  Rowland,  being  under  vows  of  celibacy,  occur  no  more  in  the 
story. 

9  ARMS. — Argent,  a  bend  engrailed  Sable  :   on  a  bordure  Gules  11  escallops  of  the 
first. — Glover's  Ordinary.      Whitaker's  Whattey, 


140          HEIRS-MALE  TO  EADCLYFFE  OF  DERWENTWATER, 

Eadclyffe,10  a  younger  son  of  Sir  Edward  Eadclyffe,  the  second  in  entail. 
Her  issue  was  "  John  Eowell,  alias  Badclif,"  according  to  the  papers. 

Although  the  occupation  by  the  eldest  line  was  confined  to  John  the 
elder,  Sir  John  the  younger  entered,  on  his  father's  death,  without  vio- 
lent interruption,  if  any,  and  not  only  held  it  to  his  death,  but  also  pre- 
sumed to  devise  the  estate.  His  second  will  was  made  "at  the  He  of 
Darwenwater,  the  first  day  of  Pebruarii,  in  the  yere  of  God  a  thousand 
fyve  hundreth  twentye  and  nyne  [thirty]  yeres,  and  in  the  xxj.  yere  of 
the  reigne  of  our  soveraing  Lord  King  Henry  the  Eight."  The  date  is 
important,  as  it  has  been  stated  that  he  died  on  2  Feb.,  1527,  on  the 
authority  of  the  brass  plate  to  his  memory  in  Crossthwaite  church,  as 
copied  by  Nicholson  and  Burn.  He  wishes  to  be  buried  there.  He 
appears  to  have  viewed  the  house  of  Dacre  with  profound  affection. 
"  My  Lord  Dacre"  is  to  have  "my  baye  hobye."  "  My  Ladye  Dacre 
two  copies  of  my  best  howndes."  "  To  Sir  Christofer  Dacre,  knight,11 
a  gosse  hawk."  Such  servants  as  will  continue  with  his  wife  are  to  do 
so;  those  who  depart  are  to  have  their  full  wages.  "  To  John  Eadcliffe, 
my  kynnesman,  the  moore  and  gratter  graye  horse."  Mass  is  to  be 
yearly  said,  and  daily  is  a  priest  to  sing  for  the  testator  and  his  wife 
before  our  Lady  of  Pity,  in  the  church  of  Crossethwaite,  the  provision 
for  the  purpose  being  temporary  until  lands  are  given  for  the  finding  of 
a  priest,  "in  the  said  chapell  of  our  said  Ladye,"  for  ever.  "John 
B-adcliffe,  my  kynnesman,  to  be  in  the  service  of  my  Lord  Dacre,  and  to 
be  ordonned,  and  holye  rewlled  by  my  said  Lord,  which  John  Eadcliffe 
is  my  sister  sonne,  called  Anne  Radcliffe,  which  I  ordeigne  to  be  myne 
heire,  and  to  have  my  nolle  landes  after  the  death  of  Alice  my  wife, 
according  to  my  will  thereof,  mad  at  London,"  22  Nov.,  19  Hen.  YIII. 
On  the  day  of  his  burial,  "  penny e  dole"  shall  be  "dalte  to  poore 
folkes,"  for  the  health  of  his  soul.  Every  priest  that  shall  come  to  his 
burial  shall  have  Sd.  a  peece  and  their  dinners.  Twelve  poore  folks 
shall  have  each  a  black  gowne  and  4d.,  who  shall  bear  torches  at  the 
burial.  The  residue  of  his  goods  goes  to  his  wife,  the  sole  executrix, 
and  "  I  make  supervisor  of  this  my  last  will,  my  Lord  Dacre  and  of 
Graystock,  and  doe  put  in  his  gouverance  and  rewlle  my  said  wiife,  with 
my  foresaid  nephnewe  John  Eadcliife,  beseching  his  Lordshipp  to  be 
good  lord  unto  them." 
The  knight  died  next  day,  and  his  lady,  ALICE  EADCLYFFE,  who  was 

10  But  the  papers  are  silent,  and  this  John  Radclyffe,  the  cousin,  is  said  in  Visit. 
Northumb.  to  have  died  s.  p. 

11  Uncle  to  ray  Lord.     He  lived  at  Croglin. 


AND  THE  HEIRS-MALE  TO  DACRE  OF  GREYSTOCK.  141 

a  daughter  of  Sir  Edmond  Sutton,  alias  Dudley  of  Dudley,  was  soon  in 
antagonism  with  her  husband's  relatives.  He  had  three  cousins,  Rich- 
ard, the  son  of  the  Bosworth  knight,  first  in  tail ;  Sir  Cuthbert  of  Dil- 
ston,  son  of  Sir  Edward,  second ;  and  James,  the  son  of  Nicholas  Rad- 
clyffe of  Keswick,  the  third.  Richard,  having  no  issue,12  had  attorned 
to  Cuthbert,  who  entered  upon  Derwentwater  on  John's  death,  by  virtue 
of  the  entail,  but  the  widow  carried  the  day.  She  kept  him  out  for  the 
term  of  her  life,  by  agreement  with  him  and  Richard,  and  survived  her 
spouse  for  24  years.  She  died  in  1554,  and  was  interred  in  the  proud 
cathedral  of  Salisbury. 

Nor  was  the  testamentary  heir,  JOHN  ROWELL,  alias  RADCLYFFE,  of 
Derwentwater,  Esq.,  less  attentive  to  his  interests.  On  Cuthbert's 
entry,  he  also  entered.  It  is  not  very  clear  whether  he  wholly  relied 
upon  the  will,  for  it  is  said  that  he  kept  possession  of  a  great  part  of  the 
estates,  claiming  as  heir  of  his  mother.  He  was  not  unsuccessful.  In 
1531  or  1532  Richard  Radclyffe  of  Derwentwater,  the  first  in  tail,  had 
released  all  his  estate,  by  fine  and  recovery,  to  Cuthbert,  with  whom, 
consequently,  as  immediate  heir  in  entail,  had  John  to  deal.  Their  dis- 
putes ended  by  an  arbitrament  of  May,  1540,  by  which  some  part  was 
awarded  to  John,  and  other  part  to  Cuthbert. 

So  matters  stood  for  the  remaining  five  years  of  Sir  Cuthbert's  life. 
He  died  in  1545,  leaving  Sir  George  Radclyffe,  his  heir,  and  two 
younger  sons,  and  we  shall  finish  the  tangled  history  of  his  portion 
before  proceeding  with  the  elder  line.  Sir  George's  first  acts  were  to 
sell  and  convey  parts  of  the  estate  without  fine.  The  purchaser  died 
seized,  and  his  heir  alienated  by  fine,  all  in  Sir  George's  lifetime  ;  and 
it  afterwards  became  a  question  whether  this  was  good  against  the  heir 
of  Sir  George,  he  being  only  tenant  in  tail.  In  1552  or  3  he  proceeded, 
more  legitimately,  to  levy  a  fine  of  his  part  of  the  estates  to  himself, 
and  the  heirs-male  of  his  body.  But  this  movement  put  the  heir  of 
Nicholas  (originally  the  third  in  entail)  on  the  alert,  although  there  was 
little  chance  of  his  receiving  any  further  benefit  from  the  estates  than 
the  pleasure  of  making  them  unmarketable,  or  of  extortion  from  the 
possessors.  James  Radclyffe,  the  son  of  Nicholas,  accordingly  entered 
within  five  years  of  the  fine,  the  time  prescribed  for  the  preservation  of 
rights.  Probably  his  object  was  gained.  Probably  he  did  extract 
money  from,  the  knight  of  Dilston,  for  afterwards  we  find  him  releasing 
his  claim.  Provoking,  however,  as  it  may  seem,  the  enemy  was  scotched, 

12  So  say  the  papers,  but  possibly  the  word  should  be  qualified  with  "  inheritable 
under  the  entail."  The  Visitation  of  Northumberland  gives  him  three  daughters  and 
co-heirs,  but  does  not  mention  their  names. 


142      HEIRS-GENERAL  OF  RADCLYFFE  OF  DERWENTWATER, 

not  killed.  James  died,  and  he  left  a  son  Gawen,  who  had  a  son  Francis. 
Gawen  threw  his  fangs  into  the  peace  of  Sir  George  with  his  own  claims, 
and  re-entered.  The  result  does  not  appear,  but  the  questions  were 
these.  "  1.  What  Gawen  gaineth  by  his  entry,  for  the  heirs  of  Sir 
Richard  is  dead,  and  the  heirs  of  Edward  is  Sir  George  and  his  heirs. 
2.  Whether  Edward  and  his  heirs  are  inheritable  by  the  grant  of  Edward 
[meaning  the  original  entail]  ;  for  he  seeraeth  to  be  both  donor  and 
donee  in  remainder,  but,  for  the  title  of  remainder,  it  did  not  fall  to 
Edward,  for  the  issue  of  Richard  was  not  extinguished  unto  long  time 
after  the  death  of  Edward.  3.  Whether  the  remainder  to  Edward's 
issue  be  void  or  no.  4.  What  passeth  by  the  release  of  James  son  of 
Nicholas.  5.  Whether  the  fine  by  Sir  George  and  the  release  of  James 
doth  debar  Gawen,  son  and  heir  male  of  James,  who  hath  now  entered." 

In  1577  Sir  George,  by  fine  and  recovery,  assured  all  his  lands  to 
Francis  his  son  in  tail,  with  remainders  over ;  and  it  was  doubted 
whether  this  fine  and  recovery  prejudiced  Sir  Erancis'  right  to  the  lands 
formerly  sold  without  fine. 

Dilston,  meanwhile,  had  descended  in  much  smoother  waters.  Joane 
Cartington,  widow  (formerly  Claxton),  Lady  of  Dilston,  Hawthorne, 
&c.,  in  her  own  right,  by  will  made  between  1521  and  1535,  charged 
Dilston  with  portions  of  100?.,  on  the  marriage  of  Jane,  her  grandson's 
(Sir  Cuthbert  Radclyffe)  eldest  daughter ;  60?.  on  that  of  Eliza- 
beth his  second  (wherefore  less?);  and  100?.  to  Dorothy  his  third,  and 
devised  it  to  Sir  Cuthbert  in  tail  male.  In  1535  he  settled  it  on  him- 
self and  wife  for  life,  remainder  to  his  heirs.  Sir  George,  in  1576, 
settled  it  on  the  marriage  of  Sir  Francis,  his  son,  with  Isabella  Grey  of 
Chillingham.  In  this  settlement,  after  the  settlor  and  the  young  couple, 
come  Sir  George's  brother  Anthony  of  Cartington,  and  his  son  Cuthbert 
of  Blanchland 13 ;  and  then,  strange  to  say,  (but  Gawen's  conduct  must 
be  taken  into  consideration)  the  next  remainder  is  to  the  distant  colla- 
teral relative  Thomas  Earl  of  Sussex,  in  tail  male,  remainder  over.  It 
is  clear  that  the  House  of  Dilston  was  assiduous  in  keeping  up  a  con- 
nection with  the  titled  one  of  Sussex,  and  there  is  much  to  convince  us 
that,  on  the  extinction  of  the  male  blood  of  the  peers,  notwithstanding 
the  senior  members  of  the  Wymersley  house,  the  first  Earl  of  Derwent- 
water  affected  to  be  next  heir  male  and  chief  of  the  Radclyffes. 

Sir  Francis,  besides  ignoring  the  paternal  alienations,  endeavoured  to 
set  aside  the  arrangement  with  John  Rowell,  alias  Radclyffe,  to  whom 

13  From  Anthony's  son  by  his  second  wife  descended  the  Radclyffes  of  Brierley, 
Thrybergh,  and  Darley  Hall,  co.  York,  a  spendthrift  and  loyal  line,  from  which  pro- 
ceeded William  Radclyffe,  Esq.,  Rouge  Croix. 


AND  THE  HEIRS-MALE  TO  DACRE  OF  GREYSTOCK,  143 

we  now  return.  Some  of  the  latter  history  of  Dilston  will  be  found 
under  the  memoirs  of  Sir  Edward  Radclyife  and  of  Francis  first  Earl 
of  Derwentwater,  elsewhere  in  this  work. 

JOHN  ROWELL,  als.  RADCLYFFE,  of  Derwentwater,  Esq.,  levied  a  fine 
of  his  part  when  Sir  George  levied  one  of  his,  in  1552  or  3,  and  entailed 
the  same.  By  Catherine,  daughter  of  ....  Grimstone,  he  had  an  only 
daughter  and  heir,  DOEOTHY  RADCLYFFE,  who  married  FEANCIS  DACEE, 
Esq.,  a  gentleman  who  was,  or  thought  he  was,  pressed  by  poverty,  as 
we  shall  presently  see.  He  and  his  wife  aliened  all  their  part  of  the 
Derwentwater  estates  by  fine  and  recovery  in  the  lifetime  of  Sir  George, 
and  Sir  Francis  questioned  whether  he  was  bound  by  such  acts ;  with 
what  result  is  not  shown. 

We  now  turn  to  the  history  of  this  Francis  Dacre. 

WILLIAM  third  LOED  DACEE  of  Gillesland,  Greystock,  or  the  North, 
the  supervisor  of  Sir  John  RadclyfiVs  will  of  1530,  died  in  1563, 
leaving  four  sons — Thomas,  Leonard,  Edward,  and  the  above  Francis. 

THOMAS,  the  eldest  son,  fourth  LOED  DACRE  of  Gillesland,  died  in 
1566,  leaving  issue — George,  Anne  countess  of  Philip  Howard  Earl 
of  Arundel,  Mary,  lady  of  Thomas  Lord  Howard  of  Walden,  who 
died  childless,  and  Elizabeth,  "  Bessie  with  the  braid  apron,"  the 
lady  of  the  celebrated  Lord  William  Howard,  "  Bauld  Willie." 
GEOEGE,  the  son,  became  fifth  LOED  DACEE  of  Gillesland,14  but  died  a 
minor  in  1569,  his  brains  being  "  bruised  out  of  his  head"  by  the  fall 
of  a  vaunting  horse  of  wood,  upon  which  he  meant  to  have  vaunted.15 
Upon  this,  his  barony  and  estates  (with  the  exception  of  some  "  ancient 
Dacre  lands")  fell  into  coheirship  among  his  sisters  as  heirs  general. 
The  "  ancient  Dacre  lands"  and  the  heirship-male  of  the  whole  house, 
went  to  their  uncles  in  succession. 

LEONAED  DACEE,  the  eldest,  was  not  content  with  these.  He  also 
blamed  the  Howards  for  his  nephew's  death,  stomached  the  turn  of 
things  highly,  and  laid  claim  not  only  to  the  estates,16  but  also  to  the 
title.  The  same  circumstances  had  occurred  in  his  family  at  an  earlier 

14  1566  ?  Leonard  Bates  of  Welbury,  Yorks.,  to  Cecill.     Held  the  manor  of  "Wei- 
bury  from  the  late  William  Lord  Dacre,  on  condition  of  marrying  Margery,  widdow 
of  James  Kyrton,  and  bringing  up  his  son,  an  infant,  which  he  had  done,  but  was  now 
troubled  by  Bennett  Chomelly  for  the  possession  thereof.    Prays  for  undisturbed  pos- 
session during  the  minority  of  George  Lord  Dacre. — Col.  State  Papers. 

15  Stow. 

-16  The  matter  had  probably  been  agitated  in  the  young  lord's  lifetime.  "  1566.  Oct. 
14.  Declaration  of  the  opinions  and  resolutions  of  Sir  William  Cordall,  M.E.,  and 
others,  to  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  committee  of  the  body  of  George  now  Lord  Dacre  of 
Gillesland,  touching  the  supposed  deed  of  entail  made  by  William  late  Lord  Dacre." 
— CaL  State  Papers. 


144      HEIRS-GENERAL  OF  RADCLYFFE  OF  DERWENTWATER, 

period.  Thomas  Dacre,  an  eldest  son,  had  died  in  the  15th  century, 
leaving  a  daughter,  the  heiress-general,  and  two  brothers,  who  took 
Gillesland,  &c.,  by  virtue  of  a  fine.  The  husband  of  the  lady,  Sir 
Richard  Fiennes  (a  quo  the  Lords  Dacre  of  the  South),  and  Ralph,  the 
elder  brother,  were  alike  summoned  to  the  parliament  of  1459.  Ralph 
died  .  attainted  in  1461.17  Then  Humphrey,  his  brother,  claimed  the 
original  barony  against  Fiennes.  Edward  IY.  confirmed  it  in  the  latter, 
but  summoned  Dacre  as  a  .Baron  in  1482,  with  place  next  below  Fiennes* 
Hence  arose  the  Lords  Dacre  of  the  North.  Whether  Leonard  merely 
wished  a  collateral  barony  like  that  of  Ralph,  or  an  exclusive  possession 
of  the  dignity,  does  not  appear ;  probably  the  latter,  as  he  claimed  the 
estates  also-, 

In  1566,  he  had  been  termed  by  his  correspondent,  the  Queen  of 
Scots,  "Dacres  with  the  croked  bake,"  and  Baker  says  "though  he 
were  crookt  backt,  he  behaved  himself  valiantly."  In  the  year  of  his* 
nephew's  death,  the  Rising  of  the  North  took  place.  He  professed  io 
serve  the  Queen,  and  was  even  thanked  for  his  service  against  the 
rebels.  But  he  used  the  troubles  of  the  times  for  his  personal  advan- 
tage. He  held  secret  communication  with  the  rebel  lords,  yet  disap- 
pointed their  hopes.  He  seized  upon  the  castles  of  Greystock  and 
Naworth  as  his  own  inheritance,  and  made  the  people  believe  that  the 
Queen's  troops  wanted  to  take  his  land  from  him.  He  gathered  together 
the  "  rank-riders  of  the  borders,"  and  those  'who  were  most  devoted  to 
the  "  name  of  great  reputation  in  that  tract — the  name  of  the  Dacres" 
He  was  called  Lord  Dacres,  alleged  that  he  had  tendered  his  livery  in 
the  court,  and  that  it  had  been  accepted,  and  ignored  his  brother's  grants 
beyond  his  life,  as  beyond  his  powers.  Lord  Scrope  was  baffled.  He 
had  orders  to  apprehend  him,  but  "  by  the  force  of  this  country  he 
is  not  to  be  touched. — I  may  levy  a  good  number,  yet  very  few  will  be 
found  to  execute  their  force  against  a  Dacre"  "When  he  invited  Dacre 
to  meet  him  to  confer  at  Carlisle,  Dacre  pleaded  the  sores  of  his  leg,  the 
extremity  of  a  journey  to  Brougham,  and  an  "  outragious  agieu"  caused 
thereby ;  and,  in  fine,  invited  his  lordship  to  a  friendly  dinner  with  him 
at  Naworth.  Next  Dacre  feared  the  Scots,  and  would  defend  himself. 
At  last  he  fired  beacons.  Then  came  a  proclamation  against  him.  His 
disloyalty  was  no  longer  in  doubt.  And  as  Lord  Hunsdon  was  riding 
to  join  Scrope,  Dacre' s  footmen  "gave  the  proudest  charge  upon  his 

1T  He  seems  to  have  acquired  the  old  Dacre  manors  of  Irthington,  Dacre,  Kirk-Os- 
wald, &c.,  which  on  his  attainder  were  bestowed  on  Lord  Dacre  of  the  South,  whose 
descendant,  Thomas  Dacre,  forfeited  them  for  murder  in  1541.  Kirk-Oswald  was 
purchased  by  Lord  William  Howard,  who  took  some  of  its  ornaments  to  Naworth. 


AND  THE  HEIRS-MALE  TO  DACRE  OF  GREYSTOCK.  145 

shot  that  ever  he  saw."  Hunsdon  turned  with  his  cavalry  and  made  a 
deadly  slaughter.  Dacre  fled  from  his  horsemen,  "  like  a  tall  gentle- 
man," and  rested  not  until  he  reached  Liddesdale.  "I  took  then  (saya 
Lord  Hunsdon)  his  guyddown,  with  the  Redd  Bull  which  is  the  Lord 
Baker's  badge,  which  I  trust  the  law  of  arms  will  allow  me  to  bear — 
and  if  it  will  please  her  Majesty  to  bestow  Leonard  Daker's  land  upon 
me  in  Yorkshire,  which  was  the  Strangwyshys,18 1  shall  be  better  able 
to  serve  her."  Lord  Hunsdon  caused  possession  of  "  Naworthe,  Rocke- 
laye,  and  other  places  of  the  said  Leonard  Dacres,  to  be  taken  for  the 
Queen's  Majesty,  and  so  delivered  them  to  my  Lord  Scroope ;  and  hath 
delivered  the  possession  of  Kirkeoswalde  and  Graiestocke  to  the  Duke's 
Grace's  officer's  hands,  in  the  same  state  as  they  were,  before  Leonard 
Dacres  took  them." 

Leonard  Dacre  crossed  the  sea.19  He  stood  in  King  Philip's  pension 
list  as  next  in  rank  and  remuneration  (100  florins  a  month)  to  the  Earl 
of  Westmoreland  and  the  Countess  of  Northumberland  (200  florins 
each) :  and  when  in  1573  he  died,  the  usual  quarterings  of  the  Dacres 
were  carved  upon  his  tomb  in  St.  Nicholas',  Brussells,  with  the  empty 
style  of  Baron  Dacre,  of  Gilsland,  Brough,  Barton,  &C.20 

EDWARD  DACRE, 21  the  next  brother,  shared  his  fate,  and  died  in  21 
Eliz.  (1578-9.)22 

FRANCIS  DACRE,  the  youngest,  waa  now  the  male  heir  of  his  once 
powerful  race.  He  had  been  much  connected  with  his  brethren  in  their 
acts,23  but  when  his  brother  Edward  made  entry  to  the  houses,  he  gave 
notice  thereof  to  the  Sheriff  of  Cumberland,  and  as  soon  as  he  perceived 
active  treason  in  Leonard,  he  left  him  and  offered  his  service  to  Scrope. 
Scrope  certified  this,  and  Francis  escaped  the  fate  of  a  rebel.  Hi» 
expectations  were  more  moderate,  probably  his  courage  less  daring,  than 

18  1558.  Pleadings  in  a  suit  of  intrusion,  versus  Win.  Lord  Dacre  and  Leonard 
Dacre  in  the  manors  of  Ekington,  West  Harilsey,  Assulby,  Upsall,  Whawton,  and 
Heyton,   claimed  by  James  Strangways. — Cal.  State  Papers.     See  Ord's  Cleveland, 
p.  447. 

19  His  brother-in-law,  Mr.  Culpepper,  fell  under  Archbishop  Parker's  notice  as  aV 
senting  himself  from  the  communion,  and  was  therefore  cited  to  appear  before  him. 
The  Archbishop  expressly  tells  Cecil  that  he  has  married  the  sister  of  Leonard  Dacre, 
no  doubt  a  sufficient  reason  for  strictness. 

20  Sharp's  Rebellion.     See  State  Papers  for  1575,  vol.  cv.,  No.  10,  and  cvi.,  No.  69. 
Memorial  touching  the  grant  of  lands  belonging  to  Lord  Dacre,  and  the  agreement 
between  him,  Lord  Norreis,  and  Leonard  Dacre.     The  Earl  of  Leicester's  suit  for 
confirmation  of  the  leases  taken  under  such  agreement. 

21  See  Sharp's  Memorials  of  the  Rebellion,   161.      1563.  Particulars  of  Edward 
Dacre' s  leases  of  the  parsonages  of  Plumpton,  Bolton,  and  Langothbye,  and  of  the 
rectories  of  Kyrkeland  and  Camberton.—  Cal.  State  Papers. 

22  Nic.  and  Burn,  ii.,  351.  23  See  Sharp,  161. 


146      HEIRS-GENERAL  OF  RADCLYFFE  OF  DERWENT WATER, 

those  of  his  brothers.  But  he,  too,  called  himself  Lord  Dacre,  and  as 
to  the  estates,  he  was  perhaps  more  really  troublesome  to  the  heiresses 
than  his  bolder  relatives. 

All  the  Dacres  followed  the  medieval  faith.  Philip  Lord  Arundel, 
Lord  William  Howard's  brother,  who  had  married  the  elder  coheiress 
of  Dacre,  declared  himself  of  the  E-omish  communion,  attempted  to  go 
to  the  continent,  and  was  intercepted  and  thrown  into  the  Tower. 
Lord  William,  who  had  formerly  offered  to  accompany  him,  was  also 
sent  to  that  fortress.  The  Crown  held  a  long  and  deadly  grasp  on  the 
large  estates  of  the  coheiresses,  taking  advantage  of  doubts  and  disputes, 
and  raising  them  when  none  existed.  The  following  is  Lord  William's 
own  account  of  the  affair  : — 

"  Leonard  and  Edward  Dacre,  uncles  to  the  Ladies  Ann  and  Eliza- 
beth, were  attainted  of  treason  by  Parliament,  by  which  means  so  much 
of  William  Lord  Dacre' s  inheritance  (their  grandfather's)  as  was  en- 
tailed to  the  heirs-male,  did  escheat  to  the  Crown,  and  to  distinguish 
what  escheated  by  the  said  attaintures,  and  what  of  right  descended  to 
the  heirs-general,  was  the  principal  reason  that  moved  the  Lord  Trea- 
surer to  urge  (15  Eliz.,  in  which  year  the  late  Duke  of  Norfolk  died) 
Mr.  Lawrence  Banistre  [the  Duke  of  Norfolk's  law-agent,  who  had  been 
put  to  torture  to  make  discoveries  against  him],  to  whom  only  the  title 
and  state  of  the  said  Lord  Dacre' s  inheritance  in  the  behalf  of  the  heirs- 
general  was  then  known.  And  he,  then  remaining  close  prisoner  in  the 
Tower,  by  the  commandment  of  the  Lord  Burgeley,  then  Lord  Treasurer, 
writ  a  treatise  declaring  plainly  the  whole  title  of  those  possessions, 
wherein  appeared  both  his  honesty  in  dealing  and  his  sufficiency  in 
learning.  At  that  time  Anne,  now  Countess  of  Arundel,  and  the  now 
Lady  Elizabeth  Howard,  the  sisters  and  coheirs  of  George,  late  Lord 
Dacre,  were  wards  to  the  Queen ;  and  after  they  did  accomplish  age, 
sued  livery  for  the  land,  which  they  quietly  enjoyed24  until  27  Eliz. 
(1584-5),  at  which  time  the  said  Leonard  and  Edward  were  both  dead, 
arid  Mr.  Francis  Dacre,  their  younger  brother,  as  heir-male,  by  colour 
of  his  father's  supposed  entail,  entered  upon  the  lands,  claiming  them 
for  his  own.  The  Earl  of  Arundel  and  the  Lord  William  Howard, 
husbands  of  the  said  coheirs,  defended  their  right,  and  kept  possession 
of  the  lands  and  houses.  About  Easter  after,  by  the  permission  of  Al- 
mighty God,  the  said  Earl  of  Arundell  and  his  brother  the  Lord  Wil- 
liam Howard,  were  committed  close  prisoners  to  the  Tower  of  London, 

24  From  their  father's  death,  in  1565,  to  1572,  the  income  had  been  received  by 
Thomas  Duke  of  Norfolk,  as  guardian.  From  that  time  to  1585,  it  had  been  received 
for  the  co-heiresses. 


AND  THE  HEIRS-MALE  TO  DACRE  OF  GREYSTOCK.  147 

and  their  lands  then  in  controversie,  by  the  earnest  suit  of  Mr.  Francis 
Dacre,  sequestered  from  them."  25 

The  right  to  the  inheritance  was  tried  the  same  year.  On  March  6, 
Mr.  Edward  Hansley  (rector  of  Greystock,  who  had  been  presented  by 
the  Crown  in  right  of  the  wardship  of  George,  the  last  Lord  Dacre) 
died.  A  caveat  was  entered  by  Francis  Dacre,  then  of  Croglin ;  ano- 
ther by  the  Earl  and  Countess  of  Arundel,26  who  granted  the  advowson 
to  Wm.  Cantrell,  Esq.,  und  a  commission  of  Jus  Patronatus  was  issued. 
"  Mr.  Erancis  Dacre,  not  omitting  his  advantage  of  time,  prosecuted  his 
cause  with  great  violence  when  both  his  adversaries  were  close  prisoners, 
in  danger  of  their  lives,  and  in  so  deep  disgrace  of  the  time,  as  scarce 
any  friend  or  servant  durst  adventure  to  shew  themselves  in  their 
cause ;  nay,  the  counsellors  at  law  refused  to  plead  their  title  when 
they  had  been  formerly  retained.  Eriends  were  made,  and  letters  were 
written  in  favour  of  Mr.  Erancis  Dacre,  jurors  chosen  of  his  near  kin- 
dred and  professed  friends.  Sed  magna  est  veritas,  for  even  that  trial 
passed  for  the  coheirs."27  The  jurors  gave  their  verdict  on  Aug.  16, 
finding  that  the  parsonage  was  appendant  to  the  manor  of  Greystock, 
that  two  persons  pretended  title  to  present  to  it,  viz.,  the  Earl  of  Arun- 
del and  his  wife  and  Mr.  Erancis  Dacre,  and  that  the  former  had  granted 
an  advowson  of  the  parsonage  to  William  Cantrell,  under  hand  and  seal. 
Seven  of  the  jurors  answered : — "  That,  whereas  Mr.  Erancis  Dacre 
made  his  title  to  the  patronage  . .  by  an  entail  supposed  to  be  made  by 
his  father  William  late  Lord  Dacre,  which  entail  was  impugned  for 
divers  imperfections  therein  alleged  by  the  counsel  learned  of  "William 
Cantrell ;  yet  we,  by  reason  of  other  matter  of  record  given  us  in  evi- 
dence, not  entering  into  the  consideration  of  the  validity  or  invalidity 
of  the  same  entail,  do  find  that  William  Cantrell  hath  right  to  present 
to  the  church  of  Graystock  for  this  time,  as  by  grant  thereof  made  from 
the  Earl  of  Arundel  and  Lady  Anne  the  Countess  his  wife."  The  other 
five  answered  more  generally: — "That  according  to  such  evidence  as 
we  have  had,  we  find  the  right  of  the  patronage  of  Graystock  in  Wil- 
liam Cantrell,  as  in  the  right  and  by  the  grant  of  Philip  Earl  of  Arundel 
and  Lady  Anne  his  wife."  So  all  twelve  agreed  in  the  main  for  the 
title  of  William  Cantrell,  and  Mr.  Hugh  Thornly,  his  presentee,  had 
the  living  in  opposition  to  Mr.  Henry  Evans,  the  nominee  of  Mr.  Erancis 
Dacre.  Nine  years  after,  however,  Mr.  Thornly  was  again  instituted 

25  Howard  Memorials. 

26  There  had  been  a  partition  of  the  estates  between  the  heiresses. 

27  Lord  William  Howard,  in  Howard  Memorials. 


148       HEIRS-GENERAL  OF  RADCLYFFE  OF  DERWENTWATER, 

on  a  presentation  from  the  Queen,  to  prevent  any  hazard,  by  lapse  or 
otherwise  in  the  former  title.28 

When  the  brothers  were  released  (Arundel  being  fined  10,000?.  by  the 
Star  Chamber),  they  presented  a  petition  to  Lord  Burghley,  claiming  that 
the  trials  might  proceed  without  delay.  In  the  mean  time  the  cause 
proceeded  under  different  pleas,  and  on  St.  Peter's  day,  28  Eliz.  (30 
June,  1586)  the  cause  being  debated  at  large,  the  Lord  Chancellor, 
Judges,  and  Queen's  learned  Counsell,  were  fully  satisfied  and  agreed 
for  the  title  of  the  coheirs.29 

In  1588  the  Earl  was  again  arrested,  and  in  1589  condemned,  and 
"  Lord  William  again,  upon  a  quarrel  purposely  picked  unto  him,  was 
kept  close  prisoner,  but  as  soon  as  the  office  was  found  and  returned,  he 
was  presently  set  at  liberty,  so  as  thereby  the  whole  world  may  easily 
guess  the  cause  of  his  close  imprisonment ;  thus  was  the  Dacres'  land 
gotten  from  them,  and  the  Queen  colorably  possessed  thereof."30 

Yet  from  this  step  Francis  Dacre  reaped  no  advantage.  Driven  to 
desperation,  his  Radclyffe  lands  all  spent  before  Sir  George's  death  in 
1588,  he  determined  in  1589  to  quit  England.  But  before  he  left  Eng- 
land he  wrote  to  the  Queen,  explaining  his  hard  circumstances.  Of  his 
letter  (dated  at  Crogling,  17  Sep.)  he  sent  copies  to  several  of  his  ac- 
quaintances. His  forced  departure  is  the  first  act  wherein  he  might 
hazard  her  displeasure.  He  is  free  from  all  disloyalty,  whatsoever  hath 
been  informed  by  his  unfriends,  whereof  he  has  gained  many  by  his 
father's  possessions,  especially  such  as  have  been  brought  up  by  his 
father  from  mean  estate  to  be  gentlemen,  and  now  live  in  all  wealth 
and  pleasure  upon  the  lands  that  were  his  ancestors'.  Their  untruths 
had  taken  effect  with  the  council,  whereby  he  has  endured  many  and 
great  distresses,  but  never  with  her  Majesty  till  now,  upon  whom, 
under  God,  he  has  always  trusted,  and  hopes  still  for  performance  of 
her  promises.  His  love  and  obedience  to  her  have  driven  him  to  hard 
shifts  for  maintenance,  after  all  he  had  was  spent,  with  the  benevolence 
of  his  friends,  and  to  suffer  such  open  injuries  at  his  adversaries'  hands 
as  the  world  may  wonder  that  flesh  and  blood  were  able  to  suffer  them. 
Still  in  hope,  he  had  made  his  last  and  most  hard  shift  in  selling 
his  house,  at  a  great  loss,  to  bring  him  up  to  the  Queen ;  but  in  the 
mean  time,  within  a  week  of  his  journey,  her  commissioners  in  the 
survey  of  the  lands  have  not  only  dispossessed  him  by  virtue  of  a  letter 
from  the  Lord  Treasurer  by  her  command  of  all  the  tenements  which 
were  returned  to  him  both  of  the  Graystocks'  lands,  and  also  of  the 

28  Nicholson  and  Burn,  ii.,  365.  29  Howard  Memorials. 

30  Lord  William  in  Howard  Memorials, 


AND  THE  HEIRS-MALE  TO  DACRE  OF  GREYSTOCK.  149 

Dacres',  which  were  purchased  and  out  of  the  concealment,  but  also 
have  earnestly  demanded  the  rents  again  that  he  has  received  thereof, 
a  hard  case  that  Arundel's  attainder  should  forfeit  his  lawful  possession. 
He  has  no  friends  to  further  her  Majesty's  good  meaning,  but  mighty 
adversaries  near  her.  Many  are  the  delays  for  answer  of  his  last  peti- 
tion at  Easter,  wherein  he  said  he  could  not  endure  without  speedy 
relief.  The  rents  of  the  Dacres'  lands,  which  were  the  most  part  of  his 
maintenance,  are  received  to  her  use  without  consideration  of  his  poor 
estate,  and  now  his  lawful  possession  of  all  the  rest  is  taken  from  him 
by  another's  fault.  The  Lowthers31  and  Carletons,  which  never  deserved 
well,33  are  like  to  receive  of  his  ancestors'  lands,33  gone,  not  by  his 
offence,  and  by  his  only  life  and  his  son's  her  majesty  doth  keep  them. 
His  heart  cannot  endure  such  evil  men  as  they,  maintainers  of  theft,  of 
notoriously  bad  behaviour,  who  have  concealed  her  majesty's  title  these 
20  years,  and  would  have  done  so  for  ever,  if  his  adversaries'  right  had 
proved  better  than  his.  They  made  means  for  a  composition  with  them 
to  defraud  her,  which  if  he  had  done  he  would  have  made  a  better  match 
for  himself  than  he  has  done  as  the  case  standeth.  And  now  they  are 
so  liberally  dealt  with.  His  title  is  clear  to  Strangwaies'  lands,  but 
considering  the  interest  of  my  Lord  Chamberlain  and  Sir  Thomas 
Scisell's  son  in  those  lands  with  her,  he  must  let  them  rest  in  their 
hands  that  have  no  right.  All  that  were  towards  Arundel  and  Lord 
"William  do  receive  credit  and  commodity  of  those  lands.  All  that  were 
with  him  are  displaced  of  their  offices  with  most  hard  speeches.  He 
has  the  last  penny  of  maintenance  that  ever  he  can  make.  The  debt  he 
is  in  is  great.  He  has  no  shift  left  whereby  to  live.  To  beg  he  is 
ashamed.  To  work  he  cannot.  To  want  he  will  not.  He  must  seek 
for  maintenance  where  he  may  with  credit  gain  it.  He  will  employ  that 
little  that  should  have  brought  him  to  attend  upon  her  majesty,  to  cany 
him  elsewhere.  He  has  taken  his  son,  for  he  has  left  him  nothing  to 
tarry  withal.  His  daughters  he  commits  to  God's  provision.  He  ends 
with  a  prayer  for  toleration  of  so  forced  and  unwilling  a  departure,  and 
will  daily  pray  for  his  queen's  long  reign.34 

Such  were  the  contents  of  Dacre's  letter.  His  intention  seems  to  have 
been  carried  out,  and  it  was  probably  at  this  time  that  he  was  attainted, 
as  his  name  does  not  occur  in  the  attainders  of  1570.  He  was  still  in 

31  After  this  letter,  in  1597,  Richard  Lowther,  Esq.,  of  Lowther,  bad  the  grant  of 
an  avoidance  of  Greystock  rectory, 

32  Yet  we  shall  find  Francis  in  league  with  a  Carleton  in  the  next  r<n<*n. 

33  The  ancient  entailed  lands. 

34  Nicholson  and  Bum,  ii.,  353. 

x 


150   HEIRS-GENERAL  OF  RADCLYFFE  OF  DER  WENT  WATER, 

Scotland  in  July  1599,  when  he  called  himself  Lord  Dacre,  and  had  sent 
for  his  son  out  of  the  Low  Countries  into  Scotland,  and  150Z.  to  pay 
his  debts  withal.  There  can  be  no  doubt,  therefore,  that  his  loyalty 
had  at  last  given  way  to  his  necessities.  "If  he  inherit  no  more 
land  from  his  father,  he  will  be  a  poor  lord."  a 

Meanwhile  the  Queen,  whether  under  the  mere  cloak  of  Arundel's  at- 
tainder, or  on  the  new  treason  of  Francis  Dacre,  kept  a  firm  hold  upon 
all  the  Dacre  estates.  In  1595  Lord  William  justified  his  conduct,  and 
denied  having  made  any  application  implying  distrust  in  his  title.  It 
was  in  vain.  After  Arundel's  death  in  the  Tower,  his  widow  had  to 
join  with  Lord  William  to  recover  her  own  estates  and  her  jointure,  and 
they  eventually  were  compelled  to  purchase  their  own  lands  in  1601  for 
10,000/.,  but  in  the  names  of  Mr.  Edward  Carrill  and  others,  "because 
they  would  not  in  any  sort  prejudice  their  own  right."  The  grant  was 
also  confined  to  the  adverse  claims  of  Francis  Dacre,  "  until  and  so  long 
as  there  should  be  an  heir  male  of  the  body  of  Francis  Dacre,  esquire, 
late  attainted  of  treason,  in  full  life."36 

Elizabeth  died.  Once  more  the  harassed  Dacre  might  look  for  relief. 
But  the  Howards,  true  to  the  new  King's  mother  in  her  dark  downward 
career,  had  strong  claims  upon  him.  The  title  to  the  peerage  came  un- 
der notice  the  first  year  of  his  reign,  and  the  Attorney- General  had 
instructions  to  draw  up  a  grant  of  the  baronies  of  Dacre  of  Gillesland 
and  Greystock  to  the  Countess  of  Arundel  and  her  heirs,  as  coheir  to 
her  brother  the  last  baron,  with  remainder  to  Lord  William  Howard 
and  his  heirs  by  her  younger  sister  Elizabeth.37  A  shade  continued 
upon  the  male  heir  of  Dacre.  His  enemies  the  Cecils  were  still  in 
power.  In  1605,  after  the  Gunpowder  Plot  was  discovered,  Sir  Edward 
Coke's  interrogatories  for  the  examination  of  Guy  Fawkes  were  indorsed 
with  a  query  whether  Edward  Neville,  titular  Earl  of  Westmoreland, 
and  the  titular  Lord  Dacre  were  connected  with  the  treason.  Both 
gentlemen  escaped  taintless.  The  sequel  of  the  history  of  Dacre  ap- 
pears in  the  following  representations  among  the  Badclyffe  papers  at 
Greenwich  hospital. 

35  Sharp's  Memorials,  223. 

36  Nic.  and  Burn,  ii,  351. 

37  S.  P.  Cal.  1603,  p.  61.     This  grant  does  not  appear  to  have  been  completed. 
There  has  indeed  been  an  idea  that  the  abeyance  of  the  barony  of  Greystock  was  ter- 
minated by  the  Crown  in  favour  of  the  Arundel  line ;  but  as  to  that  of  Dacre,  Lord 
William's  great  grandson,  Charles  Howard,  was  created  Baron  Dacre  of  Gillesland  by 
patent,  in  1661. 


AND  THE  HEIRS-MALE  TO  DACRE  OF  GREYSTOCK,  151 

15°  Augusti.  1614. — A  TRUE  DECLARATION  OF  THE  PASSAGES  BETWEENE 

THE  COUNTESSE  OF  AfiUNDELL  AND  THE  LORD  WlLLIAM  HOWARD  ON  THE 
ONE  P  ARTIE,  AND  MR.  ERANCIS  DACRE  ON  THE  OTHER  SENSE.      ANN.  1607. 

About  Michaelmas,  1607,  Anno  5  Regis  Jacobi,  Mr.  Francis  Dacre 
sent  for  Mr.  Daniell  Pullen,  and  by  him  made  a  voluntarie  offer  to  my 
Ladie  of  Arundell  and  my  Lord  to  releasse  to  them  his  claime  or  title 
he  pretended  to  suche  lande  as  they  then  injoyed ;  presuming  of  their 
kindness  and  best  assistance  in  obtaining  out  of  the  crowne  for  him  the 
ancient  Dacre  landes  forfeited  by  his  brother's  and  his  attentures. 

The  offer,  as  it  proceeded  voluntarie  from  him,  soe  at  that  time  it  came 
to  them  unexpected  :  yet  the  demand  soe  verie  reasonable,  as  they  had 
uoe  reason  to  refuse  the  same. 

Uppon  returne  of  some  messages  betweene  them,  uppon  noe  other 
conditions  but  onely  a  note  in  paper  under  their  handes  promissing  to 
doe  their  best  indeavours  on  his  behalfe  by  thereselves  and  friendes 
for  those  ancient  Dacre  landes,  he  releasced  to  them  all  his  title 
of  all  such  landes  as  they  possessed  in  the  county  of  Cumberland, 
Westmorland,  Northumberland,  Yorke,  the  cittie  of  Yorke,  Saloppe,  and 
Bishopperick  of  Durham,  with  a  covenant  to  make  further  assurance 
uppon  demaund  during  five  yeares,  be  it  by  fine,  feoffment,  recoverie, 
&c.,  as  by  the  said  releasse  dated  10°  October,  the  yeare  abovesaid,  under 
his  hand  and  seale  and  enroulled  appeareth.  At  which  time  he  also 
levied  a  fine  of  all  but  the  landes38  in  the  Bisshoppericke  of  Durham, 
which  was  after  to  be  executed  at  Durham  (for  the  Bishopp's  special! 
allowance  was  to  be  had)  and  soe  could  not  then  be  performed  at 
London. 

Having  thus  farre  proceeded  (noe  waie  distrusting  his  further  perform- 
ance) they  did  their  best  indeavours  to  get  him  those  ancient  landes ; 
brought  him  to  the  then  Lord  Privie  Sealle  and  Lord  Chamberlaine, 
who  promissed  him  their  best  helppe  therein ;  preferred  his  suit,  and 
drave  it  soe  farre  as  they  could,  but  in  trueth  the  laite  Lord  Treasurer 
Salisburie,  hating  Mr.  Dacre  mortallie,  chienie  it  is  thought  for  some 
courses  he  ran  with  the  lait  Earle  of  Essex,  in  the  lait  Queene's  tyme, 
while  he  lived  in  Scotland,  would  by  noe  meanes  suffer  the  suite  to  take 
success,  but  with  all  violence  crossed  the  same.  Faylling  herin,  my 
Lady  of  Arundell  and  my  Lord  tooke  the  next  best  for  him,  procured 
for  himself,  his  wife,  and  sonne,  an  annuite  of  350Z.39  per  annum,  and 
the  annuitie  of  250Z.40  per  annum,  formerlie  given  to  his  daughters  by 
the  late  Queene,  alsoe  confirmed  to  them.  To  this,  voluntarie  of  there- 
selves,  they  did  contribute  unto  him  3  or  400?.  in  money,  and  have 
yearely  since  given  him  100?.  out  off  free  bountie,  being  not  hereunto 
tyed,  but  onley  during  pleasure.  At  that  tyme  also,  at  his  request, 

38  Brereton  manor,  Nesham  manor,  and  the  manors  of  High  and  Low  Coniscliff. 

39  1608-9.  Feb.  12.  Grant  to  Francis,  son  of  the  late  Lord  Dacre,  a  pension  of  2001. 
per  annum,  with  1QOI.  per  annum  to  Alice  his  wife,  and  50/.  to  Randal  his  son. — 
Cal.  State  Papers. 

40  1607.  Aug.  15.  "Warrant  to  pay  to  Elizabeth,  Frances,  and  Ann  Dacres,  daugh- 
ters of  Francis  Dacres,  their  pensions  of  501.  per  annum  each. — Gal,  State  Papers. 


152      HEIRS-GENERAL  OF  RADCLYFFE  OF  DERWENTWATER, 

they  procured  him  a  protection  from  aresting  in  soe  ample  maner  as 
Mr.  Sergeant  Hutton,  his  owne  counsaill,  directed  the  same ;  and,  after, 
my  Lord  himself,  by  such  means  as  he  procured,  renewed  the  same  pro- 
tection for  him  after  the  former  was  expired.41  He  also  sent  to  him  and 
offered  him  Croglin,  which  he  scornefullie  refused,  albeit  he  hath  sence 
lett  the  same  at  an  under  value  for  40?.  per  annum,  reserving  the  wood 
and  timber,  and  the  house  did  formerlie  content  him,  as  alsoe,  before 
him,  his  father's  uncle,  Sir  Christopher  Dacre.  Likewise  after  he  had 
bought  Kirckoswold  Castle,  to  save  it  from  devasting,42  he  was  willing 
to  have  bestowed  that  uppon  him,  which  he  refused,  alledging  that  he 
had  resolved  never  to  come  into  Cumberland,  except  he  might  obtaine 
the  ancient  landes  and  dignities  of  Lord  Dacres,  which  answere  he  allso 
returned  him  when  my  Lord  offered  him  his  part  of  Corkby,  for  which 
he  paied  to  Mr.  Henrie  Blenkinsoppe  almost  800?.,  and  for  his  interest 
in  Kirkoswold  he  hath  bin  offered  above  500?.  My  Lord  alsoe  gave 
him,  besides  his  annuitie,  100?,  in  Michaellnias  tearme,  1612,  being 
then  in  distresse  as  he  seemed  ;  before  which  time  he  had  caused  him  to 
be  often  moved  to  levie  a  fine  according  to  his  covenant  of  the  Bishopp- 
rick  landes.  Sometimes  he  desired  to  deferr  it  untill  he  came  into  the 
countrie ;  att  another  time  he  tould  my  Lord  his  sonne  Anderton  dis- 
wadcd  him  from  it,  which  seemed  strange  to  my  Lord,  because  Mr. 
Anderton  had  bin  formerlie  with  him  and  tould  him  he  was  determined 
to  levie  the  fine.  But  when  my  Lord  sent  his  servant  to  him  at  sum- 
mer assizes  gone  a  yeare  directly  to  have  him  to  acknowledge  the  same 
at  the  said  assizes,  according  to  his  covenant,  he  did  then  flattly  refusse 
to  performe  it ;  saying,  he  had  vowed  never  to  doe  it,  unlesse  my  Lord 
would  undertake  to  procure  his  annuitie  to  be  confirmed  uppon  his 
sonne  after  his  death.  Wherupon  my  Lord  resolved  that  he  would 
never  give  him  6d.  to  doe  that  which  he  had  bound  himself  unto  by  his 
hand  and  sealle.  Uppon  this  occasion  he  forbare  his  benevolence  of  50?. 
per  annum  ;  but  it  must  not  be  omitted  that,  the  last  tearme,  Mr.  Ander- 
ton tould  my  Lord,  he  had  a  letter  from  Mr.  Francis  Dacre  acknowledg- 
ing under  his  hand  that  he  had  promissed  my  Lord  to  levie  the  fine  of 
the  Bishopprick  landes.  My  Lord,  uppon  hearing  some  injurious  reportes 
that  have  bene  given  abroad,  delivered  in  effect  what  I  have  here 
related,  but  concluded  word  for  word  himself  as  followeth  :-^ 

Charitie  and  conscience  bindes  all  men,  especiallie  such  as  are,  or 
should  be,  lanternes  to  give  light  to  others,  to  walke  in  a  right  path,  to 
forbeare  to  censure  in  anie  controversie  betweane  partie  and  partie,  till 
the  accused  be  heard  in  his  owne  defence.  I  tax  none  bycause  I  know 
none  in  particuler,  but  in  generall  I  am  charged,  and  in  generall  I  have 

41  In  1608  he  received  protection  for  a  year. — Privy  Seal  Records,  per  Sharp. 

42  1610.  June  28.  Grant  to  Sir.  "Wm.  Anstruther  of  all  the  materials  of  the  decayed 
castle  of  Kirk  Oswald,  co.  dumb.,  also  lease  of  the  land  on  which  the  castle  stands, 
the  gardens,  &c.     Nov.  16.  Lease  to  Owen  Shepherd  and  John  Dudley,  at  the  suit  of 
Sir  Wm.  Anstruther,  of  the  decayed  castle  of  Kirk  Oswald,  the  previous  grant  of  it  to 
Anstruther  being  called  in  question,  because  he  is  an  alien  and  no  denizen. — CaL 
State  Papers. 

I  presume  that  Lord  William  purchased  Kirk  Oswald  for  Anstruther's  term,  for  he 
only  speaks  of  his  interest  in  it. 


AND  THE  HEIRS-MALE  TO  CACHE  OF  GREYSTOCK.  153 

declared  the  trueth  of  my  proceedings.  Yf  I  weare  dispossed  nowe  to 
change  my  habit,  and  become  from  an  accused  an  accuser,  I  could 
toutch  Mr.  Francis  Dacre  with  a  strange  plott  and  course  intended  by 
him  against  me,  the  last  tearme  at  London,  if  God  the  just  judge  and 
author  of  all  justice  had  not  mightilie  protected  my  just  cause,  contrarie 
to  the  expectation  of  my  adversaries.  I  conclude  in  silence  and  charitie. 
Man  determineth,  and  God  disposeth. 


CONCERN  INGE  THE  PROCEEDINGE  BETWEEN  THE  RIGHT  HONORABLE  THE 
LORD  WILLIAM  HOWARD  AND  MR.  FRANCIS  DACRE.     An.  Dom.  1614. 

1 .  That  Mr.  Francis  Dacre  did  release  to  my  Lady  of  Arundell  and 
Lord  William,  &c.,  himselfe  denieth  not;  whether  offred  by  him  or  sought 
for  by  them  is  nowe  the  only  question.     He  barely  denieth  that  he  sent 
Pullein  to  them,  and  bindeth  the  same  with  a  deepe  protestacion ;  the 
affirmative  wilbe  mainteined  by  some  yett  living  to  whom  Pullein  com- 
plained whiles  he  was  in  management  of  those  affaires,  that  he  was 
much  wearie  and  tired  with  Mr.  Dacre' s  importunitie  and  continuall 
sending  for  him  to  speake  with  him  and  imploye  him  therin.     And 
note  that  Mr.  Dacres  in  the  next  article  followinge  acknowledgeth  that 
his  wants  and  dispaire  to  prevaile  in  his  suites  forced  him  to  release  to 
the  said  Lady  of  Arundell,  &c.,  but  doth  not  charge  them  for  seeking  the 
same  of  him. 

2.  Mr.  Dacre  had  taken,  and  by  the  king's  expresse  commandment 
had  delivred  upp  the  possession  of  Kirkoswald  Castle  before  the  Lady  of 
Arundell  or  Lord  William  did  ever  dreame  thereof.      No  man  will 
imagine  while  Mr.  Dacre  stood  in  opposition  with  them  that  eyther  of 
them  would  be  so  simple  as  to  give  him  any  furtherance  in  his  suites, 
wherby  he  might  be  enabled  to  sue  or  trouble  them ;  yet  that  the  Lord 
Win.  should  after  confesse  to  him  that  they  weare  the  meanes  to  dis- 
possesse  him  of  Kirkoswald,  as  it  most  sencelesse  that  they  could  doe  it, 
so  is  it  most  false  and  untrue  that  evere  the  Lord  William  did  so  con- 
fesse unto  him. 

3.  Mr.  Dacre  in  the  3  article  would  have  the  2  precedent  admited  to 
be  true  (which  maye  not  be,  seing  they  are  both  most  false),  and  then 
appelleth  to  the  indifferent  judg  whether  his  release  was  voluntary  or 
driven  unto  it  by  extreame  want.     The  other  side  is  not  to  examine 
what  particuler  or  inward  motives  moved  Mr.  Dacre  to  release,  but  to 
meinteine  the  first  assertion,  that  when  he  did  release  he  voluntarilie 
offred  them,  and  they  sought  not  him,  and  till  he  produce  better  proof e, 
or,  at  least,  some  probable  circumstances  to  make  good  his  former  bare 
protestacion,  it  shalbe  cast  to  the  indifferent  judg  to  whom  he  appealleth, 
as  now  it  standeth  to  decide  and  determine. 

4.  For  a  note  under  their  hands  lett  the  same  be  viewed,  and  their 
accusations  therin  duely  examined,  whearin  it  shall  apeare  that  they 
have  beene  very  precise  in  observing  to  him,  till  he  brake  promise  and 
covenant  to  them  contrarie  to  his  hand  and  seale.    Whear  in  his  answer 
to  this  pointe,  he  chargeth  them  that  they  promised  him  to  gett  him  a 
graimt  of  the  ancient  Dacre  lands  formerly  given  him  by  the  Kinge,  and 


154       HEIRS-GENERAL  OF  RADCLYFFE  OF  DERWENTWATER, 

by  their  procurement  recalled,  lett  him  looke  on  his  noate  and  produce 
the  same  to  open  vie  we ;  and  if  any  such  thinge  be  in  the  same,  all  other 
parts  of  his  declaration  (as  he  calleth  it)  shalbe  acknowledged  to  be  true, 
yf  otherwise,  lett  him  with  shame  confesse  his  error  and  his  immoderate 
passion  be  pleaded  for  his  excuse.  Tor  any  others  his  suittes  they  per- 
formed justly  for  him  so  farre  as  their  power  extended  accordinge  to 
their  promise,  but  the  exceding  hatred  of  the  late  Treasorer  Salysbury 
conceived  against  him  crossed  all  mocions  of  his  preferment,  the  cause 
therof  by  most  liklyhood  best  knowen  to  Mr-  Dacre  him  selfe. 

5.  For  the  money  bestowed  upon  him,  the  certeine  somme  can  not 
without  great  labour  and  search  of  sundrie  books  be  of  the  suddeine  ex- 
actly collected.     When  it  cometh  to  a  strickt  reckoninge  Mr.  Dacre  will 
not  prove  the  best  auditor. 

6.  Mr.  Dacre' s  sundrie  requests  and  propositions  to  them  must  not 
stand  and  be  accented  for  promises  made  by  them,  all  that  ever  they 
promised  he  hath  under  their  hands,  which  was  not  absolute,  but  re- 
strained to  do  their  best  indevour  by  their  friendes,  which  they  per- 
formed really  and  so  farre  as  their  power  extended,  and  the  contrarie  he 
shall  never  prove ;  all  others  promises  they  absolutely  disclaime.     For 
renewinge  his  pencion  to  his  sonne  by  the  Commissiouners  for  the  office 
of  the  Lord  Treasurer,  lett  him  call  him  selfe  to  remembrance  yf  when 
he  first  moved  my  Lord  William  therein,  he  did  not  dissuade  him  from 
it  as  a  tyme  then  unseasonable,  and  that  after  he  went  to  the  Lord 
Woton  who  (as  he  saied)  did  incourage  him  in  the  procedinges,  yett  being 
one  of  the  Commissiouners  did  refuse  to  shewe  him  selfe  therin  on  his 
behalfe.     The  petition  being  preferred,  the  then  Lord  Privie  Seale  and 
Lord  Chamberlane  used  him  with  the  best  respect  of  all  the  companye, 
(as  Mr.  Dacre  him  selfe  did  presentlie  after  acknowledge)  butt  his  suitte 
being  out  of  their  commission  to  graunt  was  referred  to  his  Majestie, 
whean  Mr.  Dacre  leaft  it  and  persecuted  it  no  further,  being  at  that 
time  in  dispaire  to  prevaile.      The  Lord  Wm.  no  waye  then  under- 
taking  the   businesse  for  him,    for  yf  he   would  have  ben   advised 
by   him  he  should   not   at   that   tyme   have  preferred  his   suitte,  in 
which,  as  in  many  others,  the  Lord  Wm.  is  most  wrongfully  burdened 
and  charged.      Oportet  mendacem   esse   memorem.      Mr.  Dacre  first 
forgeteth   his  covenant  under  his  hand   and   seale   to   make   further 
assurance,  and  next  remembreth  not  his  letter  dated  at  Cochein,  17 
Decembris,  1610,  which  was  before  the  death  of  Treasurer  Salisbury, 
written  evey  worrde  with  his  owne  hande  to  the  Lord  Wm.  Howard,  in 
which  verbatim  as  followeth  : — "  I  have,  according  to  the  aggreement, 
made  release  of  svhat  was  in  your  Lordship's  possessions,  which  I  pre- 
sume have  been   sufficient.     But  your  Lordship  requestinge  an  other 
fine  for  lands  in  Bishopprike,  I  supose  some  deffect  in  the  former,  these 
are  therfore  to  resolve  your  Lordshipp  that  yf  any  other  fyne  for  these 
lands  be  necessarie,  I  ame  and  will  be  ready  to  acknowledge  the  same 
in  this  countrie,  when  your  Lordshipp  wil  call  it  upon  me."     Howe  he 
after  performed  this  can  be  best  testiffied  by  Mr.  Lancellott  Skellton43 

43  1608  ?  Ill  conduct  of  Lord  William  Howard  in  encouraging  recusants  in  the 
North.     Skelton  of  "Wetherall,  a  dependant  of  his,  took  the  sacrament  at  Easter,  but 


AND  THE  HEIRS-MALE  TO  DACRE  OF  GREYSTOCK.  155 

and  Wm.  Bowman,  the  one  his  ancient  frend,  the  other  his  ould  servant, 
in  whose  presence  he  flately  refused  to  levie  the  said  fine,  affirming  he 
had  vowed  the  contrarie,  unlesse  the  Lord  "William  would  assure  his 
sonne  100Z.  per  annum  during  his  life,  or  els  procure  his  pencion  from 
his  Majestie,  to  be  assured  upon  his  sonne.  By  this  it  is  evident  that 
his  vowe  is  against  his  covenant  under  his  hand  and  seale,  and  contra- 
dictorie  to  his  voluntarie  offer,  under  his  owne  hand  writtinge.  Howe 
small  creditt  is  to  he  given  to  any  part  of  his  declaracion  (as  he  tearmeth 
it),  or  to  the  deepe  protestacion  he  takes  in  answere  to  the  first  article, 
and  howe  weake  a  pillar  his  sonne  hath  to  relie  upon  after  his  death, 
which  he  pretendeth  to  be  a  cheefe  motive  of  his  declaracion,  I  leave  to 
the  judgement  of  the  world,  and  the  censure  of  any  indifferent  and 
understandinge  person. 

7.  Lett  Mr.  Anderton  and  his  wiffe  writte  what  they  please,  it  shalbe 
affirmed  by  their  betters  that  the  Countess  of  Arundell  and  Lord  William 
weare  meanes  to  renewe  his  daughter  pencions,  and  yf  Mr.  Anderton 
will  affirme  under  his  hand  yf  he  did  not  in  Trinitie  tearme,  1614,  tell 
the  Lord  Wm.  Howard  that  he  had  a  letter  under  Mr.  Dacre  hand,  that 
he  promised  to  the  Lord  William  to  levie  a  fine  of  the  Bishopprike 
lands,  then  shall  it  be  plainely  proved  to  the  shame  of  them  both.     Till 
Mr.  Ander  ton's  hand  be  shewed,  it  will  not  be  beleeved  that  he  will  denye 
so  manifest  a  truthe,  but  it  is  rather  conceived  that  Mr.  Dacre  maketh 
bold  in  this  degree  to  wronge  his  sonne  in  lawe  for  his  owne  advantage, 
which  is  not  the  fyrst  tyme  he  hath  used  him  so  (yf  reporte  be  true). 
Howesoever  maters  stand  betwene  Mr.  Dacre  and  his  sonne  in  lawe,  it 
is  most  evident  by  his  letter,  under  his  owne  hand,  1610,  above  men- 
cioned  and  ready  to  be  shewed  as  occasion  shalbe  offered,  he  did  then 
absolutely  promise  that  which  nowe  he  peremptorilie  denieth. 

8.  Kirkoswald  Castle,  Corkeby,  and  Crogling,  weare  all  more  freelie 
and  kindlie,  not  skornefully,  offred  to  Mr.  Dacre  then  he  deserved,  to 
no  bad  end,  thoughe  proudly  and  unadvisedly  refused,  and  ungratefully 
interpreted  and  rejected  by  him,  howsoever  for  one  of  them  his  refusall 
now  cloaked  with  a  shewe  of  scrupule  of  concience. 

9.  Lett  Mr.  Dacre  surmise  what  best  pleaseth  his  owne  fancie;  what- 
soever the  Court  of  Wardes  determineth  in  the  minoritie  of  the  "Wardes, 
doth  no  waie  binde  them  after  livery  sued ;  as  things  never  before  heard 
of  nor  materiail  to  the  matter  nowe  in  hande,  they  maie  for  this  tyme 
passe  in  silence.    But  Mr.  Dacre  might  observe  that  my  Lord  Montague, 
being  his  brother  in  lawe,44  and  a  principall  mainteiner  of  him  in  his 
suittes,  could  not  be  accepted  of  for  an  indifferent  mediator  in  this  busi- 
nesse,  much  lesse  my  Lord  Lumley  who  was  then  the  onely  man  that 
the  Earle  of  Arundell  did  account  his  principall  adversarie,  and  the  pro- 
curer of  the  displeasure  his  grandfather  Henry  [Fitz-Alan],  then  Earle 

spat  it  out.  Lord  William's  servant  erected  a  lord  of  misrule  at  Christmas  last,  who 
disturbed  the  congregation  at  Hampton,  Westmoreland.  By  his  influence  at  Court 
he  overrules  the  course  of  law  in  the  North,  and  is  aiming  at  the  sheriffwiek  of  West- 
moreland, that  he  may  have  a  sheriff  of  his  own  faction. — Col,  State  Papers. 

44  Anthony  Brown,  Lord  Montague,  married  one  of  Dacre' s  sisters  for  his  second 
wife. 


156       HEIRS-GENERAL  OF  RADCLYFFE  OF  DERWENTWAT  ER, 

of  Arundell,45  had  towards  him,  by  which  he  gaineth  to  himselfe  the  most 
parte  of  the  said  Earle's  possessions,  which  discontentment  betwene 
the  said  Philip  Earle  of  Arundell  and  Lord  Lumley,  did  continewe  in 
extreame  bitter  teannes  till  after  the  tyme  mentioned  and  supposed  in 
Mr.  Dacre's  declaracion,  at  which  tyme  the  Lord  William  was  newly 
come  from  Cambridg,  and  not  16  yeares  of  age.  For  further  answeare 
to  this  article  observe  Mr.  Dacre  owne  confession  in  the  next  10 
article,  which  I  doute  not  will  satisfy e  any  indifferent  reader,  viz  : — 

10.  That  howe  soever  in  his  letter  to  them  he  demaundes  their  con- 
sideracions  uppon  the  former  surmises,  yett  when  they  denied  his  de- 
matmd,  and  weare  contented  to  bestowe  1001.  per  annum  on  him,  of 
their  countie,  at  their  will  and  pleasure,  he  did  willingly  accept  there- 
of, &c. 

11.  Mr.   Thomas  Addis,   a  surveior,  then  dwelling  about  Drewrie 
Lane,  did  the  last  yeare,  and  will  still  affirme  and  prove,  that  he  was 
earnestly  intreated  and  dealt  with  to  interteine  in  his  house  and  sojorne 
Mr.  Francis  Dacre,  who  was  come  to  London,  and  went  to  staie  ther, 
aboute  to  prosecute  causes  against  the  Lord  "William  Howard,  and  to  be 
a  suttor  to  his  Majestie  against  him,  and  howe  farr  then  he  did  irnbarke 
himselfe  with  the  Lord  of  Hunsdon,  is  best  knowent  to  himselfe  and 
not  all  together  unknown  to  others.     Neither  will  Mr.  Dacres  wippe 
this  blemish  awaie  so  easelie  with  an  untrue  surmise  and  sleight  instance 
of  a  former  assumption  cast  uppon  him  that  then  failled  in  proofe,  for 
seeing  he  will  have  the  worlde  knowe  more  than  some  weare  willing  to 
publishe;  first  omitting  the  practice  that  he,   Mr.  Tho.  Salkeld,  and 
others  hadd  platted  by  force  to  take  the  Lord  William  Howard  in  his 
bedd  at  Brampton,  coming  thether  to  keepe  court,  it  maie  be  uppon  due 
examination  there  is  more  knowen  and  more  apparent  proofe  therof  from 
some  of  the  actors  themselves,  imployed  by  Mr.  Dacre  him  selfe,  then 
is  imagined.     Secondly,  Lancellott  Carlton  did  practice  with  Mr.  Dacre 
well  affected  freindes  and  followers,  to  shoote  the  Lord  William  with  a 
pistolle,  is  plainly  confessed  by  diverse,  and  openely  acknowledg  uppon 
oath  of  one  the  principall  agents  at  the  generall  assisses  at  Carlile,  1612, 
before  the  Justices  of  Assisses  and   all  the  countie  ther   assembled. 
Thirdly  and  lastly,  that  Lancellot  Carlton  did  after  that  practise  againe 
against  the  Lord  Win.  Howard,  with  some  of  Mr.  Dacre's  most  neere 
and  deere  freindes,  and  Mr.  Dacre  him  selfe  was  accointed  therewith, 
thoughe  perhapps  with  no  ill  intention  at  that  tyme  to  the  said  Lord  Wm. 
Howard.     Littera  scripta  manet. 

After  Mr.  Dacre  had  made  his  conclusion,  affirming  and  denying  all 
uppon  his  bare  word  and  large  protestation,  without  any  other  testimony 
or  proofe,  being  no  good  or  authentik  evidence  in  his  owne  cause,  he 
addeth  with  an  "  Also,"  a  12  article,  but  not  of  the  creede  no  more  then 
the  precedente,  wherein  he  affirmeth  all  convenantes  to  be  fully  per- 
formed on  his  parte,  referring  himselfe  to  his  release,  which,  for  all  the 
doubt  he  maketh,  is  ready  to  be  shewed,  and  by  the  very  viewe  thereof 

45  Who  had  two  daughters  and  coheirs,  Joanna,  the  wife  of  John  Lord  Lumley, 
by  whom  she  bad  no  surviving  issue,  and  Mary  Duchess  of  Norfolk,  Philip  Lord 
Arundel's  mother. 


AND  THE  HEIRS-MALE  TO  DACRE  OF  GREYSTOCK.  157 

will  appeare  to  be  inrolled  as  hath  been  affirmed.  And  for  a  finall  ende 
and  full  conclusion  of  all  the  controversie,  setting  aside  any  more  re- 
plyes,  rejoinders,  or  other  tedious  and  needlesse  discourses  in  writtinge, 
the  only  uppshott,  yssue,  and  closse  shalbe  in  the  judgement  of  indiffer- 
ent men  of  understanding  and  knowledge,  uppon  full  viewe  and  consi- 
deracion  of  Mr.  Dacre's  said  release,  whether  he  hath  performed  all 
convenantes  on  his  parte  or  no  :  yf  he  have,  all  that  he  hath  said  is  true, 
and  the  other  side  hath  done  him  most  apparant  and  open  wronge  and 
injurie  :  yf  he  hath  not,  lett  him  ask  Grod  forgivenesse,  and  latt  all  others 
that  have  any  thinge  or  nothinge  to  do  in  these  affaires,  whether  it  con- 
cerne  them  or  concerne  them  not,  be  sparring  in  their  censures,  and  bee- 
leve  charitably  till  the  trueth  be  tried,  and  ther  appeare  just  cause  to 
the  contrarie. 


There  can  be  little  doubt  that  we  have  here  the  composition  of  Lord 
William  himself. 

The  close  of  the  titular  Lord  Dacre's  history  does  not  appear,  but 
he  lingered  out  his  existence  until  8  Car.  I.,  1632-3.  In  1634,  the 
burial  register  of  Graystock  contains  the  entry  of  "  RANDAL  DACRE, 
Esquire,  sonne  and  hyre  to  Francis  Dacre,  Esquire,  deceased,  being  the 
youngest  sonne  of  the  late  Lord  William  Dacre,  deceased,  being  the 
last  hyre  male  of  that  lyne ;  which  said  Randal  dyed  at  London,  and  was 
brought  downe  at  the  charges  of  the  right  honourable  Thomas  Earle  of 
Arundell  and  Surreye,  and  Earle  Marshal  of  England."  The  rest  of 
the  family  probably  settled  at  Chester-le- Street.  Dacre  makes  no  men- 
tion of  a  wife,  in  his  letter  of  1589,  to  the  Queen,  but  only  of  his  son  and 
daughters,  and  we  may  suppose  that  Dorothy  Eadclyffe,  whose  inheri- 
tance was  dissipated  before  1588,  had  ceased  to  sorrow.  In  1609  the 
wife  receiving  a  pension  is  called  Alice.  With  respect  to  the  daughters, 
Lord  Wm.  Howard  says  that  a  pension  of  2501.  was  awarded  them. 
15QL  of  this  is  accounted  for  in  the  grant  of  1607,  which  mentions 
Elizabeth,  Frances,  and  Ann,  each  of  whom  received  50?.  Mrs.  Ander- 
ton  would  probably  be  a  fourth  daughter,  and  the  fifth  is  found  in  Mary, 
who  is  said  to  have  lived  to  a  very  great  age,  and  to  have  died  child- 
less.48 Frances  accounts  for  the  burial  at  Chester-le- Street,  on  19  Feb., 
1632-3,  of  "Mrs.  Frances  Dacres,  al.  Frances  L.  Dacre." 47  Mary,  be- 
fore her  good  old  age,  had  to  pass  through  an  adventure.  She,  "  borne 
of  noble  blood  and  parentage,"  eloped  in  the  night  time,  in  1635,  from 
her  mother's  house  in  Chester,  with  Marmaduke  Hedworth,  and  married 
him  at  Thornaby,  in  Cleveland.  They  soon  separated,  and  Marmaduke, 
for  profaning  the  ceremony  of  matrimony,  he  being  under  precontract 
*6  NIC.  and  Burn,  ii.,  351.  47  Surtees,  ii.,  146. 


158     HEIRS-GENERAL  OF  RADCLYFFE  OF  DERWENTWATER,  &c. 

with  Margaret  Key,  whom  he  had  seduced,  was  fined  1,000  marks,  had  to 
make  confession,  was  excommunicate,  and  imprisoned  three  years.  And, 
(thoroughly  unable  to  trace  the  heirship-general  of  her  father,  or  of  the 
Radclyffes  of  Derwentwater),  with  so  grievous  an  insult  to  the  fallen 
house  of  Dacre,  we  conclude  this  imperfect  sketch  of  its  last  days. 

W.  HYLTON  DYER  LONGSTAFFE,  F.S.A. 


had  married  the  coheiresses  of  Martindale,  were  also  attainted  for  joining  Leonard 
Dacre,  and  that  their  estate  at  Grinsdale  was  granted  to  Whitmore,  who  conveyed  to 
Dacre  of  Kirklington,  who  already  possessed  the  rectory  of  Grinsdale. — Nicholson  and 
Burn,  ii.,  227.  The  Dacres  of  Kirklington  were  formerly  named  Appleby,  and  are 
descended  through  an  heiress  from  Sir  Thomas  "  Bastard  Dacre"  of  Lanercost,  an 
illegitimate  uncle  of  Leonard  Dacre. — Ibid.,  501. 

f4-f  The  dispute  concerning  the  Strangwayes  lands  arose  in  a  disposition  of  Sir 
James  Strangwayes,  the  last  male  of  his  race,  whose  mother  was  a  Dacre.  See  the 
circumstances  in  Hodgson,  ii.,  380. 

**#  William  Lord  Dacre  "  growing  discontented  with  himself  for  entangling  his 
estate . .  grew  distempered  in  his  brain,  and  so  till  near  the  time  of  his  death  continued 
in  a  dull  melancholy,  I  will  not  say  frenzy.  By  the  said  intended  entail  he.  .sowed 
the  seed  of  dissension  betwixt  his  own  children .  .  .Yea,  he  himself  conceived  so  great 
dislike  of  his  younger  sons,  Leonard,  Edward,  and  Francis  Dacre,  who  drew  and  per- 
suaded him  to  that  unfortunate  course  of  entailing  his  land,  as  they  coming  unto  him 
lying  upon  his  death  bed,  and  desiring  his  blessing,  he,  in  the  bitterness  of  heart  and 
detestation  of  their  former  sinister  practice,  left  among  them,  instead  of  a  blessing, 
the  curse  that  God  gave  Cain,  which  every  one  of  them  hath  happened  too  truly  to 
feel." — Lord  William  Howard,  See  Hodgson,  ii.,  380. 


159 


EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  ACCOUNTS  OF  THE  STEWARD  OF 
SIR  FRANCIS  RADCLYFFE,  BART.,  AT  DILSTOtf,  FROM 
JUNE,  1686,  TO  JUNE,  1687.1 

1686. 

June. — Given  to  a  man  that  brought  a  young  roe  buck,  per  my  mas- 
ter's order,  5s. — Mrs.  Mary  Brabant,2  in  full  of  her  whole  yeare's  an- 
nuity, due  at  Pent.,  21. — Ann  Muschamp  [the  like],  5?. — Richard 
Teasdale  of  Slealey,  high  constable,  in  full  of  ann  assess  for  the  militia 
for  trumpetts,  drums,  &c.,  laid  on  by  act  of  parliament  in  the  15th  yeare 
of  our  late  Soveragne  Charles  the  Second,  att  3s.  4^.  per  U.  on  the  lands 
of  Dilston  and  for  accquit.,  in  all  7s. — Magnus  Cuningham,3  in  full  for 
a  bay  horse  which  Mr.  Millor  bought  of  him  for  draweing  in  the  drought 
att  Dilston,  31.  10s. — Mr.  George  Forster  of  Bollam,  one  halfe  yeare's 
rent  due  at  Pent,  last  for  Meldon  Rectory,  61.  13s.  4^. :  more  to  him  for 
the  tenths  of  Meldon  Rectory,  as  appears  by  John  Mitford's  accquittance, 
and  allowed  by  Sir  Francis,  and  for  the  parator  and  accquit.,  in  all  11s. 
l^d. — John  Pigg  of  the  Lynell  Wood,  for  a  bull  bought  of  him  to  serve 
the  cow  stents  att  the  High  Wood,  lett  there  this  yeare,  II.  9s. — Madam 
Mary  Radclyffe,  for  the  house  use  at  Dilston,  201. — Mrs.  Eliz.  Park,  her 
whole  yeare's  wages,  41. — Tho.  Radclyffe,4  for  a  letter  for  Sir  Francis, 
3d. — Mr.  Wm.  Radclyffe's  nurse,  in  charity,  by  Sir  Francis'  order,  5s. — 
Mr.  George  Jordan,  in  part  of  money  due  to  him  for  building  the  new 
bridge  over  against  the  Roe  Park  wall,  61. — Four  chistes  for  the  young 
pheasants,  and  one  chist  for  Hogort's  firits,  and  other  worke,  II.  \d. 

July — Mr.  Wm.  Radclyffe,5  his  halfe  yeare's  allowance,  due  at  Pent., 
2QI. — Mr.  Athur  Radclyffe  [the  like],  20J.— Madam  Mary  Radclyffe 
[the  like],  201. — Mr.  Miller,  for  sythes,  wayne-ropes,  hallters,  trases, 
ox-bo wes,  and  weeding  clipps,  all  belonging  to  husbandry,  IL  5s. — In 
charity  to  5  seamen,  6d. — Mr.  William  Widdrington,  for  out  rents  for 
Buteland  and  Bywell  Castle,  for  one  whole  yeare,  ending  att  Mich,  last, 

1  These  accounts  have  come  into  Mr.  Fen  wick's  possession  since  the  classified  ac- 
count for  1681-2  was  printed  at  full  length,  in  the  Memoir  of  Sir  Francis  Radclyffe. 
They  do  not  descend  into  the  smaller  items,  and  it  is  unnecessary  to  print  them  in 
extenso. 

2  Bequeathed  hy  Sir  Francis  Radclyffe's  mother,  Lady  Eli/aheth,  in  1668. 

3  The  gardener  at  Dilston. 

4  A  servant  of  the  house  at  4:1.  wages. 

5  The  allow  ances  to  the  two  youngest  sons  and  a  daughter  of  Sir  Francis. 


160  HOUSEHOLD  EXPENSES  OF 

17s.  Sd. — Given  by  master's  order  to  Mr.  John  Collingwood,  in  charity, 
5s. — Carriage  of  26  futher  hired  coales,  att  2s.  6d.  per  father,  3?.  5s. — 
Mr.  John  Clenell,  for  one  halfe  yeare's  rent,  due  at  Mich,  to  Charles 
Duke  of  Somersitt,6  for  Midleton  Hall,  12s.  Id. :  more  to  him  for  one 
whole  yeare's  rent,  called  the  vicandale  rent,  due  Mich,  for  Midleton 
Hall,  10s. :  more  to  him  for  a  white  rent  due  to  the  castle  of  Bambrough, 
for  a  halfe  yeare,  due  at  Mich.,  6s.  6d. — Edward  Selby,  his  sister's  halfe 
yeare's  annuity,  due  att  Whitsontyde  last,  which  Sir  Francis  was  pleased 
to  give  her  in  charity,  10s. — Mr.  Roger  Midford,  as  by  his  bill  for  to 
returne  to  Mr.  Tho.  Radclyffe7  att  Boom,  81?.  4s. — Jos.  Bittleston,  for 
smelting  of  lead,  carriage  of  lead-oare,  choping  chopwood,  and  other 
things  belonging  to  the  lead  mill,  81?.  19s.  4j<i :  more  to  him  for  the 
carriage  of  85  foder  and  6  peece  of  lead  from  the  Woodhall  lead  milne 
to  Dilston,  from  June  28  till  July  26,  at  3s.  Qd.  per  foder,  14?.  18s.  9f<Z. 

August. — Mr.  James  Nicholson  of  Carlile,  for  one  whole  yeare's  rent, 
due  at  Lamas,  to  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Carlile,  for  the  tythes  of  Lor- 
bitle  and  Dilston,  and  for  accquits.  (8rf.),  9?.  Sd. — Mr.  Ashmall,8  one 
quarter's  salary,  3?,  and  paid  him  more  15s.  IQd.,  which  he  hade  laid  out 
more  then  40?.  when  the  two  young  ladys9  went  to  Lovaine. — "Wm. 
Smith,  for  1,160  oysters,  att  ISd.  per  hundred,  which  he  bought  last 
Lent,  17s.  3^?. :  more  for  halfe  a  yeare's  rent  out  of  Scremerston,  to  Sir 
Tho.  Haggerston,  att  St.  Cuthbert  day  in  March,  1?.  10s. — Sess  for  re- 
paireing  the  militia  for  the  High  Wood  and  Green  Lands,  in  Sir  Francis' 
hand,  Qd. — Mr.  Gawen  Preston,  uppholsterer,  for  2  dossen  sett  worke 
chaires,  att  7s.  a  pece,  at  charges  2s.,  20?.  10s. — Margret  Browne,  her 
halfe  yeare's  annuity,10  due  at  Pent.,  10s. — George  Emerson,  collector 
of  the  chimney  money  for  22  fire  hearths  in  Dilston  House,  due  att  Lady- 
day,  1?.  2s. 

September. — Lent  to  John  Heron,  Esq.,  20?.,  for  which  he  gave  his 
bond,  and  it  is  in  my  master  Sir  Francis  his  hand,  and  payable  at  Pent, 
next,  20?. — Lent  att  the  same  tyme  to  George  Jordan  and  John  "Whit- 
field,  massons,  19?.,  for  which  they  gave  their  bond,  and  it  is  in  master's 
(Sir  Francis)  hand. — Mr.  Midford's  charges  and  Tho.  Errington's  at 
Durham,  when  they  paid  the  Dean  and  Chapter's  rent  for  the  corne 
tythes  of  Norham. — Mr.  John  Simpson,  for  one  yeare's  rent  due  to  the 
Dean  and  Chapter,  for  the  corne  tythes  of  Norham  parish,  and  for  ace- 
quit.,  6^?.,  60?.  6d. — Paid  att  Newcastle,  by  the  appointment  of  my  mas- 
ter Sir  Francis  Radclyffe,  Bartt.,  to  Mr.  Edmund  Aston  of  the  citty  of 
London,  1,300?.  for  the  morrgage  of  the  lands  of  Old  Bewicke,  New 
Bewicke,  and  East  Lilborn,  and  the  writeings  for  these  lands  is  in  my 
master  Sir  Francis'  owne  hand. 


6  "  And  his  Dutchess." '    (Next  payment.) 

7  The  Baronet's  third  son,   "sometime  a  Colonel  in  the  British  service."     At  the 
date  of  the  account  he  was  28  years  of  age.     He  died  unmarried. 

8  Ferdinando  Ashmall,  a  priest. 

9  Catherine,  the  Baronet's  second  daughter,  who  died  1746,  was  one.     The  other 
sister  must  have  been  Elizabeth,  the  third  daughter,  for  the  eldest  was  married,  and 
Lady  Mary,  the  youngest,  was  at  Dilston. 

10  Bequeathed  by  Lady  Elizabeth  Radclyffe. 


SIR  FRANCIS  RADCLYFFE,  BART.  161 

October. — Mr.  Serjeant  Jefferson,  for  keeping  courts  and  standing 
counsell,  as  by  acquit,  for  his  sallary  due  at  Michalmas,  10?. — Pd.  Mr. 
Hayles,11  which  he  paid  to  Tho.  Heron  of  Corbridge  for  2  baliffes'  fees 
for  a  warrent  concerning  the  highwayes  between  Corbridge  and  Dilston, 
which  my  master  was  fined  for  att  Hexham  sessions,  6s.  Sd. — Ann 
Swinborn,12  her  halfe  yeare's  annuity,  due  att  Pent.,  21  10s.— Mr.  Tho. 
Butler,  his  halfe  yeare's  wages,  due  att  Lamas,  31. — Sir  Eobert  Fenwicke, 
one  halfe  yeare's  rent  for  lands  in  Kewlands  and  Farle,  due  to  Catherin, 
Queen  Dowager,  att  Michaelmas,  21.  Is.  2d. — Mr.  John  Jenkins,  for  one 
halfe  yeare's  fee  farme  rent,  viz.,  "Whelpington  rectory,  61  6s.  8^.,  Spin- 
dlston  tyth,  21.  13s.  4d.,  land  in  Spindlston,  3s.  4d.,  Broxfeild  tyth,  2s., 
Shaftoe  tyth,  21.  10s-,  land  in  Temple  Thornton,  17s.  2d.}  Abbey  Side 
in  Alnwicke,  3d.,  Hartborn rectory,  51.,  AmbellHall  corn  tyth,  31.  Is.  3d., 
Ambell  cole  mynes  and  Cunygarth,  II  9s.  2d.,  land  in  Wooley,  ll  3s.  4d., 
Westwood,  31.  13s.  4d.}  for  rent  due  to  Sir  Samuel  Dash  wood,  knt.,  Tho. 
Lewes,  and  Edward  Neel,  Esqrs.,  at  Michealmas ;  in  all,  26/.  19s.  10^. — 
Mr.  Ben.  Carr,  for  Aydon  Sheels  and  appurtenances,  21.  9s.  8^.,  Coastley 
and  appurtenances,  21.  19s.  2%d.,  Edsbush,  2s.  5d.,  Gare  Sheel,  2s.  6d., 
Turfe  House,  2d.,  Whinitley  Mill,  13s  4d.,  for  halfe  a  yeare's  rent  due 
to  the  Queen  Dowager  att  Michealmas,  61.  7s.  3%d. — Thomas  Heron, 
taylor,  for  a  pair  of  britches  for  my  master  Sir  Francis,  21.  14s.  2±d.— 
Mrs.  Margrett  Gaire,  her  halfe  yeare's  wages,  21.  15s — My  Lady  Rad- 
clyffe,  for  her  3  nursery  maids'  wages,  being  3  quarters  of  a  yeare,  IL 
10s.— -Mr.  John  Pearson,  his  two  whole  yeares'  wages,  12/.13 — Robert 
Wood,  to  buy  bease  with,  att  Midleam  Moore  faire,  for  wintring  att  Dil- 
ston, 140?. — John  Forster  of  Whittall,  his  halfe  yeare's  annuity,14  due  att 
Pent.,  10s. 

November. — Mrs.  Fenwicke,  for  the  poor  people,  11. — Mr.  Richard 
Featherstonhaugh,  his  whole  yeare's  sallary  for  setting  out  a  militia 
horse  and  man  for  all  Sir  Francis'  lands  in  Cumberland,  due  23  Sep., 
51. — Madam  Mary  Carnaby  of  Halton,  for  a  brawne  bought  of  her,  21 
10s. — Mr.  Rich.  Thornbrough,  his  halfe  yeare's  annuity  and  his  wife's, 
due  Pentecost,  4£.15 — John  Hogartt,  warrener,  his  halfe  yeare's  wages, 
due  att  Mart.,  31.  6s. — Mr.  Alexander  Millar,  his  halfe  yeare's  wages, 
due  att  Mart.,  51. — Mr.  Francis'  man,  Thomas  Butler,  for  2  doss,  cass 
[case]  knives  bought  att  London  per  Madam  Selby,  21.  4s.  4d. — Cuth- 
bert  Stobert  of  West  Wood,  by  my  master's  order,  for  2  mares  taken 
from  [him]  by  Cuth.  Studdam  and  Edmond  Gibson,  two  of  the  Sheriff's 
bayliffes  for  an  arreare  of  rent,  which  they  had  a  warrent  for  from  the 
High  Sheriffe,  Sir  Marke  Milbankes,  but  did  neither  mention  who  it  was 
due  to  or  in  what  yeare,  and  the  said  two  mares  was  sold  to  one  Wm. 
Robson  of  Hexham  by  the  said  two  bayliffes,  31.  15s. 

11  The  steward  of  1681  ? 

12  Qu.  Ann  Blenk^nsop,  an  annuitant  of  51.  tinder  Lady  Elizabeth's  will. 

13  The  other  wages  are  much  the  same  as  those  of  the  account  of  1681. 

14  Bequeathed  by  Lady  Elizabeth  Radclyffe. 

15  He   was  an  annuitant  of  51.  under  Lady  Elizabeth's  will.    Ann  Ridley  had  4£, 
but  we  do  not  find  an  annuitant  of  31.  to  answer  to  his  wife. 


162  HOUSEHOLD  EXPENSES  OF 

December.—  Mr.  Miller,  his  bill  from  29  Nov.  till  Dec.  6,  for  thresh- 
ing corne,  mending  the  highwayes  between  Corbridge  and  Dilston,  and 
the  wreights  makeing  4  stone  carts  and  1  stone  sledd,  all  at  Dilston, 
II.  7s.  3d. — Madam  Dorothy  Massey,  halfe  yeare's  intrest  of  1,000?., 
331  Qs.  8d. — Mr.  Marke  Stokoe,  halfe  yeare's  wages,  due  att  Mart.,  31. 
— Tho.  Grey,  brasier,  in  Gateshead,  for  mending  the  great  kettle  in  the 
brewhouse  att  Dilston,  21 — Dec.  20.  Mich.  Robinson,  which  Sir  Fran- 
cis was  pleased  to  give  in  charity  to  Mr.  Thomas  Tempest,  in  Durham 
goal,  5L—  Mr.  Ealph  Milborn,  for  malt,  from  13  Mar.,  1685,  till  23 
Dec.,  1686,  153?.  11s.  4c?.— Mr.  Roger  Garstall,  in  full  for  aU  sorts  of 
wine,  and  all  other  accounts  whatsoever  from  the  begining  of  the  world, 
361.  l\d.—  Mr.  Richard  Wall  of  Newcastle,  his  bill  from  22  Oct.,  1685, 
till  29  Dec.,  1686,  169?,  Is.  Id. 


1687. 

January. — Wm.  Wreight,  porter  brewer  and  baker,  his  halfe  yeare's 
wages,  due  11  Dec.,  31.',  Mrs.  Hellin  Emerson,  his  wife,  her  halfe 
yeare's  wages,  due  28  June,  31. — Rob.  Wilkinson,  collector  of  the  chim- 
ney money,  for  twenty-two  fire  harths  in  Dilston  House,  for  one  halfe 
yeare,  due  att  Mich.,  I/.  2s. — Mr.  Roger  Midford,  10?.  for  a  yearely 
annuity  or  rent  charge,  isueing  out  of  Harborn  Grange,  and  6?.  for  the 
yearely  consideration  of  100?.,  both  due  att  Mart,  last  past. — Mr.  Roger 
Midford,  his  charges  from  25  Aug.  till  22  Sep.,  when  he  went  to  Ber- 
wick and.Norham  to  lett  the  tythes  this  yeare,  2?.  12s.  2d. — Mr.  Fran- 
cis RadclyfFe,  his  halfe  yeare's  allowance,  due  att  Mart.,  20?. ;  paid  him 
more,  for  a  night  gowne  bought  by  him  att  Newcastle  att  Lamas  faire 
last,  for  my  master,  1?.  8s. — Mr.  Roger  Midford,  for  to  returne  to  Mr. 
Tho.  RadclyfFe  at  Roome,  80?. ;  more,  to  returne  to  Mr.  Wm.  Heath  att 
London,  20?.  [Other  allowances  as  in  July.] 

February. — Hellin  Forster  of  Whittall,  widdow,  in  full  of  her  hus- 
band's halfe  yeare's  anuity,  due  att  Mart,  last,  and  he  dyeing  att  Xmas 
following,  10s. — John  Jopling,  my  master  tennant  att  Whittall,  for  one 
cow  stent  for  Jane  Reed,  Madam  Mary's  nurse,  which  my  master  was 
plased  to  give  her  in  charity  for  this  yeare,  8s. — John  Bell,  in  part  of 
money  due  to  him  for  building  a  house  att  the  Highwood  for  Mr.  Wil- 
liam Stokoe,  3?. — Mathew  Barren,  as  by  Mr.  Rob.  Lorrain's  accquit.  for 
5  yeares  tyth  rent,  insueing  out  of  Coastley  to  Sir  John  Fenwicke,  att 
Mart.,  5?.  5s. — Mr.  Nicholas  Ridley,  for  salt  fish,  viz.,  for  2  couple  of 
codd,  at  Is.  9d.  per  couple,  and  1  couple  of  ling,  5s.,  and  40  couple  of 
codd,  at  Is.  9d.  per  couple,  and  15  couple  of  ling,  at  3s.  6d.  per  couple, 
and  1  barrell  of  white  heron,  1?.  4s.,  and  500  reed  herring,  att  2s.  6d. 
per  lb.,  for  cords  and  matt  for  packing  up  the  fish,  and  1  cast,  3s.  6d., 
in  all,  8?.  11s. — Mrs.  Julian  Skelton,  for  the  use  of  Mrs.  Eliz.  Turnbull 
for  the  consideration  of  800?.  for  one  whole  yeare,  48?. — John  Heron, 
for  bringing  up  40  couple  of  codd  fish  and  15  couple  of  ling  from  New- 
castle to  Newborne,  and  his  owne  charges  and  his  horse,  6s.  6^. — Mrs. 
Eliz.  Fen  wick,  which  my  master  was  pleased  to  lend  to  Mrs  Margrett 


SIR  FRANCIS  RADCLYFFE,  BART.  163 

Fenwicke  her  mother,  10Z.16— My  owne  whole  yeare's  wages,  due  22 
Jan.,  51. 

March. — Chimney  money  for  the  forge  for  one  halfe  yeare,  Is. — 2  fire 
harths  att  the  lead  mill  for  halfe  a  yeare,  2s.,  and  for  arreares,  5s. — 
Francis  Addison,17  which  my  master  was  pleased  to  give  him,  21.  10s. — 
Mr.  John  Page,  as  by  his  bill,  for  a  deodand  taken  up  within  the  man- 
nor  of  Warke,  and  charges  att  London  aboute  it,  41. — The  clarke's  wife 
of  Corbridge,  for  clarke's  fees  for  the  whole  mannour  of  Dilston  for  1686, 
due  att  Easter  last,  12s.  6d. 

April. — Mr.  Roger  Midford,  for  cloathes  and  other  things  bought  at 
Newcastle  for  the  use  of  Edward  Radclyffe,  Esq.,18  231.  13s.  lOd. — Mr. 
Pye,  the  clarke  of  the  peace,  for  my  master's  comision19  and  his  son's, 
and  for  letters  and  other  small  disbursements  [this  weeke],  111.  2s. — 
Mrs.  Alice  Hudspeth,  one  yeare's  prescribed  custome  money  for  the  petty 
tythes  of  Dilston,  due  at  Michaelmas,  to  the  vicar  of  Corbridge,  and  2s. 
for  Easter  reckonings,  due  att  Easter,  1686,  for  the  whole  family  of 
Dilston,  ll.  Is. — Mr.  Urwin,  for  one  yeare's  fee  farm  rent,  ended  at 
Lady-day  last,  for  Spindleston  tyth,  51.  6s.  8d.,  lands  in  Spindleton,  65. 
Sd.,  Croxfield  tyth,  4s.,  Temple  Thornton,  ll.  Us.  4d.,  Abey  side  in 
Alnwick,  Qd.,  due  to  the  King's  Majestie  and  for  acquit,  money,  2s.  8^. 
— Geo.  Lee,  smith,  for  miller's  husbandry,  10s.  5d. — Mr.  John  Pearson, 
for  all  the  4  young  gentlemen's20  charges  att  Newcastle  att  Lamas,  1686, 
and  for  charges  given  to  the  servants  att  Capheaton,  att  a  christning, 
9Z.  19s.  9d. — Paid  him  another  bill,  for  his  master  and  Francis  Rad- 
clyffe, Esq..,  and  there  servants,  att  Morpeth  Sessions  last,  51.  2s.  4d. — 
Francis  Radclyffe,  Esq.,  for  to  carry  his  brother  Edward  Radclyff, 
Esq.  and  there  servants  to  London,  201. — Mrs.  Eliz.  Nicholson,  for  hoi- 
land  for  shirts,  and  dimity  for  wascoates  for  my  master,  bought  att  New- 
castle, 51.  14s.  7d. — Thomas  Radclyffe,  his  whole  yeare's  wages,  due 
7  Apr.  inst.,  4.1. 

May. — Mr.  Geo.  Jordan  and  Mr.  John  Whitfeild,  masons,  in  full  for 
building  the  new  stone  bridge  over  against  the  Roe  Parke  wall,  IQl. — 
Mr.  Roger  Midford,  for  the  use  of  Thomas  Radclyffe,  Esq.,  to  returne 
to  him  att  Roome,  SQL — Mr.  Wm.  Widdrington,  as  by  his  note  to  be 
stated  in  the  account  of  the  morgage  of  Buteland,  61. — Sir  Win.  Creagh, 
for  wines,  181.  17s.  Qd. — John  Heron,  for  4  shirife's  leveries,  and  3 
leveries  for  the  grooms  and  footman,  and  other  disbursements,  201.  2s. 
3|^. — My  Lady  Radclyffe,  to  buy  cloath  att  Whitson  faire  att  Stag- 
shaw,  10?,— Paid  to  my  Lady  Creagh,  as  by  bill  of  exchange  for  the 
like  value,  received  att  London  by  Francis  Radclyffe,  Esq.,  from  Sir 
Wm.  Creagh,21  10H.  10s. — Mr.  William  Widdrington,  for  the  morgage 
of  Buteland,  600/.,  and  the  writeings  for  the  same  is  in  my  master's 

16  The  Baronet's  sister  Margaret  married  Robert  Feirwick  of  Wylam. 

17  A  footman  who  went  errands  to  Newcastle. 

18  The  heir  apparent. 

19  The  reader  must  remember,  in  reference  to  the  offices  apparently  exercised  by 
the  Radclyffes,  that  James  II.  was  on  the  throne,  using  a  dispensing  power. 

20  Edward,  Francis,  "William,  and  Arthur.     Thomas  was  at  Rome. 

21  Mayor  of  Newcastle  this  year. 


164  HOUSEHOLD  EXPENSES. 

own  hand,  600?. — Mr.  Win.  Widdrington,  for  -|  of  a  militia  horse  for  7 
yeares,  ended  at  Candlemas,  1679,  for  my  master's  part  of  Buteland, 
and  paid  him  a  small  out  rent,  due  to  the  Duke  of  Somersitt,  and  By  well 
Castle,  att  Michaelmas,  9?.  12s.  8d. — Mr.  Roger  Midford,  to  returne  to 
Madam  Catherin  Radclyffe  and  her  sister  at  Lovaine,  100?. — My  Lady 
Creagh,  as  by  bill  of  exchange  for  the  like  value,  received  att  London 
from  Sir  William  Creagh  by  Francis  Radclyffe,  Esq.,  203?. 

June. — Mrs.  Jane  Harris,  her  whole  yeare's  wages,  due  att  Whit- 
sontyd,  Ql — Ealph  Eeed,  shirrife  bayliffe,  one  yeare's  vacandale  rent 
for  the  whole  mannour  of  Dilston,  at  Mich.,  5s.  Qd. 


165 


THE  FIRST  MANTUA  MAKERS  IN  DURHAM. 

IN  1705  the  company  of  Drapers  and  Tailors  of  the  city  of  Durham  had 
the  following  "  grievances  to  be  redressed." 

To  put  off  the  Manty-makers. 

To  put  of  the  Skinners  from  making  leather  britches. 
To  put  off  Breakers  from  selling  old  eloaths,  (except  they  be  free- 
men or  freemen's  widows,)1 

"With  reference  to  the  first  object,  there  was  an  attempt  made  in  the 
following  year  to  put  the  mantua-makers  off.  The  evidence  as  to  the 
introduction  of  "Mantoes"  is  curious,  and  the  case  is  interesting  in 
topography,  the  jurisdiction  of  Castle  Chair,  a  narrow  lane  formerly  the 
high  road  from  Framwellgate  to  Witton  Gilbert,  having  come  in  ques- 
tion. The  Society  is  indebted  to  Mr.  Trueman  for  the  communication 
of  the  Brief  for  the  Relator  in  the  palatine  Court  of  Chancery. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  form  of  the  word  is  Mantoe.  Bailey 
gives  it  as  "  MANTUA,  MANTOE,  Manteau,  probably  so  called  from  Man- 
tua, a  dukedom  in  Italy — a  loose  gown  worn  by  women,  an  upper  gar- 
ment." Johnson  has  "  Mantua  [pronounced]  mant-ta. — perhaps  cor- 
rupted from  Manteau,  Fr.  A  lady's  gown.  'Not  Cynthia,  when  her 
mantua's  pinned  awry,  E'er  felt  such  rage,'  &c- — Pope.  '  How  natu- 
rally do  you  apply  your  hands  to  each  other's  lappets,  ruffles,  and 
mantuas.' — Swift."  Halliwell  calls  "Manto,  a  gown,  properly  a  gar- 
ment made  of  manto,  a  kind  of  stuff."  Cotgrave's  manteau,  a  cloak, 
synonymous  with  mantel,  is  no  doubt  the  garment, — a  loose  upper  dress 
encompassing  the  wearer  like  the  mantle  or  enclosure  of  a  castle,  instead 
of  the  close  habits  previously  in  use. 

As  time  rolled  on,  the  expression  Mantua-maker  changed,  or  rather 
enlarged,  its  meaning.  A  few  years  ago  a  Mantua-maker  was  the  name 
of  an  artizan  who  had  no  shop,  but  went  out  and  made  various  dresses 
at  the  wearers'  houses ;  whereas  the  keeper  of  a  shop  was  Johnson's 

1  Surtees,  iv.  ii.,  22. 
7. 


166  THE  FIRST  MANTUA  MAKERS  IN  DURHAM. 

"  Milliner,  (I  believe  from  Milaner,  an  inhabitant  of  Milan,  as  a  Lom- 
bard is  a  banker)  one  who  sells  ribands  and  dresses  for  women.  '  He 
was  perfumed  like  a  milliner.' — Shalcspeare,  Hen.  IV"  In  the  march 
of  affectation,  our  "  dressmakers  "  scout  their  old  appellation,  but  the 
milliners  are  much  in  statu  quo. 

IN  THE  CHANCERY  OF  DURHAM.  Sitting,  27  March,  1706.  HENRY 
LAMBTON,  Esq.,  Attorney  Generall  to  the  Rt.  Honble.  Nathaniel  Lord 
Crew,  Lord  Bpp.  of  Durham,  of  the  relacion  of  Anthony  Hall,  Esqr., 
[and]  John  Brice,  Wardens,  [and]  Martin  Wilkinson,  Henry  Anderson, 
Bryan  "Foster,  and  Richard  Johnson,  Searchers  of  the  art,  craft,  and 
mistery  of  Drapers  and  Taylors  within  the  City  of  Durham  and  Burrow 
of  Fraimvelgate  and  the  suburbs  thereof,  Relators  ;  against  CHRISTOPHER 
WARD,  THOMAS  NICHOLSON,  NICHOLAS  JOHNSON,  and  ELIZABETH  BROWNE, 
Defendants. 

INFORM ACION.     (1.)  Within  the  said  city,  burrow,  and  suburbs,  there 

hath  been  beyond  the  memory  of  man,  an  antient  corporacion,  company, 

and  fraternity  of  Drapers  and   Taylors.      (2.)    The  corporacion  used 

severall  antient  franchises  and  privileges,  as  well  by  severall  grants  from 

the  Bishopps  as  by  antient  usage,  custome,  and  prescription,  time  out  of 

mind  :  that  no  forreigner,  not  being  free  of  the  company,  should  exercise 

the  trades  within  the  city,  burrow,  or  suburbs      (3.)  The  members 

have,  time  out  of  mind,  yearly,  within  ten  days  of  Corpus  Christi  day, 

mett  and  chosen  six  of  the  most  discreet  men  of  their  crafts  to  be  their 

Wardens  and  Searchers,  who,  by  the  consent  of  the  rest  of  the  members, 

have  made  bylaws  to  exclude  forreigners  from  exercising  the  trades 

within  the  city,  &c.  under  reasonable  penalties.     (4.)  Severall  antient 

By  Laws  made  by  the  company  were  confirmed  by  Cuthbert  [Tun stall] 

late  Bpp.  of  Durham,  where  it  was  ordeined  that  no  man  which  hath 

not  served  his  apprenticeshipp  or  been  a  freeman's  son  of  the  said  trades 

within  the  city,  &c.,  should  sett  up  to  worke  or  occupy  the  crafts  untill 

he  should  be  admitted  for  an  able  workeman,  and  thought  to  be  able  to 

work  at  his  owne  hand  by  the  Wardens  and  Searchers,  and  untill  he 

should  pay  to  the  Bishopp  20s.,  and  to  the  Wardens  and  Searchers  31. 

6s.  8^.,  upon  paine  of  forfeiture  to  the  Bpp.  51.,  and  the  Wardens  and 

Searchers  51.     (5-)  The  By  Laws  have  been  constantly   observed,  or 

if  any  forreigner  did  at  any  time  exercise  the  trades  contrary  to  the 

same,  the  Wardens  and  Searchers  have  either  compelled  them  to  pay 

the  forfeitures  or  submitt  themselves  to  the  Wardens  by  entering  into 

bonds   not   to   exercise  the   trades.       (6.)    The  By  Laws   have  been 

established   by   decrees   of  this   court.      (7.)    Defendants,   foreigners, 

combine  to  infringe  the  libertys  of  the  cityzens.     (8.)  Ward,"  about 

eight  months   agoe,   came   to   reside   at   Castle  Chaire  in  the  Burrow 

of  Framwellgate,   where  he   hath   publickly  sold   Broad   Cloaths  and 

other   cloaths.       (9.)    The   other   Defendants   for   twelve   months   by 

past    publickly    have    exercised     the    trades    of    a  taylor,    and   not 

onely  threaten  to  continue  but  will  introduce  others  into  the  city,  &c., 

and  set  up  several  other  trades  and  draw  away  the  greatest  part  of  the 


THE  FIRST  MANTUA  MAKERS  IN  DURHAM.  167 

trade,  whereby  hundreds  of  poor  familyes  are  maintained,  pretending 
they  are  not  subject  to  the  By  Lawes,  though  they  have  had  frequent 
notice  thereof,  and  have  been  desired  to  desist. 

Prayer.  That  the  defendants  may  set  forth,  &c.  That  they  may  be 
restrained,  &c.  Prays  subpoena,  &c. 

ANSWER.  [Know  not  the  facts  in  (1)  to  (6)  of  the  Informacion.]  Are 
natives  and  naturall  subjects  of  this  kingdome,  and  noe  aliens  or  for- 
reigners.  Ward,  about  9  months  agoe,  did  come  to  and  reside  at  an 
outhouse  adjoyning  to  Castle  Chaire,  leading  from  the  towne  of  Durham 
to  the  towne  of  Witton  Gilbert,  where  he  hath  used  the  trade  of  a  woolen 
draper,  and  there  sold  broad  cloaths,  as  he  hopes  was  lawfull,  he  having 
served  as  an  apprentice  to  a  freeman  of  the  trade  for  7  yeares  at  Dar- 
lington before  he  came.  Denyes  that  the  outhouse  is  within  the  city  of 
Durham  suburbs  or  burrow  of  Framwelgate,  or  that  he  hath  used  the 
trade  at  Castle  Chaire,  which  he  believes  is  a  lane  which  is  a  common 
highway  leading  from  Durham  to  Witton  Gilbert.  Hath  been  informed 
that  the  outhouse  stands  in  the  country  apart  from  the  city,  &c.,  and 
that  divers  persons,  which  were  noe  freemen  of  the  city  and  burrow, 
have  used  trades,  and  particularly  that  of  a  taylor,  at  the  outhouse,  as 
being  without  the  limitts  of  the  city,  &c.,  without  restraint.  The  other 
three  defendants  deny  that  they  have  exercised  the  trades  of  a  taylor, 
or  threaten  soe  to  doe,  or  to  introduce  forreigners  or  sett  up  other  trades. 
All  say  they  are  not  free  of  the  Drapers'  and  Taylors'  Company  within 
the  city  and  burrow :  Ward  and  Brown,  that  neither  of  them  are  free 
of  any  trade  within  the  city :  Nicholson,  that  he  is  free  of  the  Joyners 
and  Carpenters  within  the  city  :  Johnson,  that  he  is  son  of  a  freeman  of 
the  Company  of  Weavers,  but  not  admitted.  All  deny  notice  of  the  By 
Laws,  and  deny  combinacion. 

RELATORS'  PROOFES.  (1.)  See  the  charter,  anno  19  translacionis 
Cuthberti  Epi.  Dunelm.,  which  was  in  the  yeare  of  our  Lord  1549, 
wherein  the  By  Laws  of  the  Drapers  and  Taylors  are  confirmed,  and 
particularly,  &c.  (2.)  To  prove  above  30  yeares  since  John  Moor  lived 
at  Castle  Chair.  The  same  was  reputed  part  of  the  suburbs  of  the  city 
and  burrow.  Moor  was  a  taylor,  and  wrought  there,  but  noe  freeman. 
Was  disturbed  by  the  Company.  Gave  a  bond  to  the  trade  not  to  worke 
there  any  more.  Castle  Chair,  time  beyond  all  memory,  hath  been  part 
of  the  suburbs.  The  inhabitants  of  Castle  Chaire,  and  the  lands  and 
grounds  thereto  belonging,  have  paid  all  taxes  and  sesses  with  the  bur- 
row of  Framwelgate,  as  part  thereof.  The  lands  adjoyning  and  thereto 
belonging  are  all  intercommon,  and  at  the  usuall  time  of  the  yeare  are 
all  laid  open  and  eaten  by  the  catle  of  the  freemen  of  the  city  and  bur- 
row, among  other  the  intercommons  belonging  to  the  city  and  burrow 
and  the  suburbs.  Ward  lives  at  Castle  Chair.  Tho.  Wills,  Isaac  Rut- 
ter,  Tho.  Johnson,  Mr.  Rob.  Parkinson,  Wm.  Sharpe,  Tho.  ThirMd. 
(3.)  About  50  yeares  since,  one  Maurice  was  disturbed  for  exercising 
the  trade  of  a  taylor  (not  being  a  freeman)  at  Dryburne,  some  distance 
from  the  burrow  of  Framwelgate,  but  part  of  the  same  constablery. 
Mary  Maurice,  not  very  material.  (4.)  The  Drapers  and  Taylors  yearly, 
on  Corpus  Christi  day,  choose  2  wardens  and  4  searchers.  Eelators 


168  THE  FIRST  MANTUA  MAKERS  IN  DURHAM. 

were  duely  chosen  and  elected  on  Corpus  Christi  day,  being  the  7th  of 
June  last.  Mr.  Jo.  Airson,  Mr.  Tho.  Forster.  (5.)  Two  bonds,  one 
from  Moor,  and  another  from  one  Smith,  not  to  exercise  the  irades.  Mr. 
Rob.  Parkinson.  (6.)  Ward's  selling.  Mr.  Chr.  Burrell.  (7.)  Ni- 
cholas Johnson's  wife's  making  of  manto's  and  pettycoates,  and  taking 
money  for  the  same.  Adelin  French,  Nic.  Sparke,  JEliz.  Welsh.  (8.) 
Brown's  making  of  manto's  and  pettycoates,  and  taking  money  for  the 
same,  and  imploying  journeywomen.  Eln.  Lee,  Mrs.  Ann  Midleton, 
Mrs.  Ann  Machon,  Mrs.  Eln.  Baker.  (9.)  The  like  against  Thomas 
Nicholson's  wife.  Nich.  Sparke,  Magdalin  Snawdon,  Eliz.  Welsh. 
(10.)  See  severall  bonds  by  forreigners  not  to  exercise  the  trade  of  a 
draper  or  taylor  within  the  city  or  suburbs  or  liberties  of  the  same,  ex- 
cept it  be  with  a  freeman  of  the  society,  from  1614  till  1679. 

OBSEEVACIONS  ON  THE  RELATORS'  PROOFS  TOUCHING  CASTLE  CHAIR. — 
Thomas  Wills  speaks  for  75  years.  The  Castle  Chair  was  reputed,  re- 
ported, and  taken  to  be  part  of  the  suburbs  of  the  city  and  burrow. 
Has  lived  in  the  burrow  for  80  years,  and  served  in  all  offices.  Isaac 
Rutter,  for  20  years.  Has  lived  there  all  that  time,  and  served  in  all 
offices.  Believes,  for  time  beyond  all  memory,  the  burrow  of  Framwel- 
gate,  whereof  Castle  Chair  is  part,  hath  been  reputed  part  of  the  suburbs 
of  the  city.  Thomas  Johnson,  for  65  years.  Castle  Chair  always  paid 
their  taxes  with  the  burrow  of  Framwelgate,  and  it  was  alwaies  reputed 
part  of  the  suburbs  of  the  city.  Robert  Parkinson,  aged  50.  All  the 
time  of  his  remembrance  Castle  Chair  hath  been  deemed  part  of  the  su- 
burbs of  the  city.  Wm.  Sharpe,  for  55  j-ears  Castle  Chair  is  part  of 
the  burrow  of  Framwelgate.  Tho.  Thirkeld,  for  40  years  and  upwards. 
Castle  Chair  hath  been  esteemed  as  part  of  the  burrow  of  Framwellgate, 
or  pait  of  the  suburbs  of  the  city,  llemembers  when  there  was  noe 
houses  at  Castle  Chair,  he  lived  there,2  and  wrought  of  the  taylors' 
trade,  but  was  forced  to  remove  by  reason  the  freemen  of  the  city  would 
not  lett  him  worke  there. 

DEFENDANTS'  PHOOFES.  (1.)  Ward  was  bound  an  apprentice  by  in- 
dentures to  Robert  Ward  of  Darlington,  and  served  him  7  yeares.  Wm. 
Bell.  (2.)  Mantoes  is  a  forreigne  invencion,  and  brought  from  beyond 
sea,  and  not  used  in  England  till  about  the  year  167 — .  This  deponent 
Wood  lived  with  one  Hope,  Clerke  of  the  Spicery  to  King  Charles  the 
Second.  Remembers  the  Dutchess  of  Mazarene,  who  came  from  beyond 
sea  that  yeare,  and  brought  the  garb  of  Mantoes  with  her.  Her  mis- 
tress had  her  first  Mantoe  made  by  a  Frenchman.  Beleives  they  are 
usually  made  both  by  taylors  and  women,  but  the  women  exceed  the 
taylors.  The  taylors  doe  usually  exercise  the  said  trade,  and  instruct 
their  apprentices  therein.  Isabel  Wood,  mother  of  the  defendant 
Browne.  (3.)  The  taylors,  or  the  major  part  of  them,  doe  not  under- 
stand the  art  of  Mantoe-makeing  soe  well  as  women.  Had  one  or  two 
spoiled  by  a  man  taylor  in  Durham,  who  was  a  man  imployed  in  that 
worke.  Was  forced  to  apply  to  defendant  Browne,  but  the  same  was 
soe  spoiled  that  she  could  not  help  them.  Beleives  that  the  women  tay- 

1  In  Framwellgate,  or  in  a  hut  in  Castle  Chair  ? 


THE  FIRST  MANTUA  MAKERS  IN  DURHAM.  169 

lors  are  greatest  artists  at  women's  work  then  men  taylors.  Mary 
Mitford.  Margt.  .ZZ^much  to  the  same  purpose.  (4.)  Cannot  set  out 
the  bounds  of  the  burrow  of  Framwelgate,  nor  ever  could  be  informed 
how  far  they  extend.  Has  served  as  a  juryman  at  the  Mayor's  court 
for  the  city  and  burrow,  and  enquired,  with  his  fellows,  after  such  nui- 
sances as  were  in  and  about  the  same,  but  never  made  any  enquiry 
about  Castle  Chair,  where  "Ward  now  or  lately  lived,  which  induced  him 
to  beleive  the  Castle  Chair  to  be  no  part  of  the  said  burrow.  Does  not 
remember  or  beleives  the  same  paid  any  suit  or  service  to  the  Mayor's 
court.  Tho.  Johnson.  (In  his  deposicion  on  the  other  side,  says  Castle 
Chair  was  always  reputed  part  of  the  suburbs  of  the  city  of  Durham.) 
Tho.  Wills  speaks  to  the  same  purpose,  but  says  that  he  always  lookt 
upon  Castle  Chair  to  be  part  of  the  said  burrow.  (5.)  Castle  Chair  is 
a  lane  leading  from  Framwelgate  to  Witton  Gilbert.  The  houses  are 
inclosed  with  the  lands  adjoyning  upon  Castle  Chair,  and  no  part  of  the 
lane  or  street.  The  houses  are  12  score  yards  from  Framwelgate.  The 
houses  inhabited  by  "Ward,  belonging  to  Mr.  Mascall,  in  the  chappelry 
of  St.  Margaret's,  and  the  house  lately  farmed  by  the  defendant  of  Mrs. 
Bell,  are  outhouses  and  stands  within  the  enclosed  grounds  of  Mascall 
and  Bell,  and  no  part  of  the  lane  or  street  of  Castle  Chair  that  he  knows 
of.  Idm.  Test.,  Tho.  Wills,  Cuth.  Hutchinson.  (6.)  Knows  the  bound- 
ary of  Framwelgate  constablery.  Hath  collected  sesses  of  the  out 
hamletts  of  Newton,  Dryburne,  and  several!  other  places,  and  from  the 
houses  adjoyning  upon  Castle  Chair,  but  whether  they  be  within  the 
said  burrow  he  cannot  say.  Idm.  Test.,  Tho.  Wills.  (7.)  The  houses 
about  Castle  Chair  have  been  inhabited  during  his  time  with  taylors,  one 
dyer,  smiths,  weavers,  and  other  trades,  without  any  interruption  that 
he  heard  of,  though  none  of  them  freemen.  Idm.  Test.,  Tho.  Wills,  ex- 
cepting John  Moor,  which  agrees  with  his  deposicion  on  the  relators' 
part.  (8.)  Knows  not  that  any  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  houses 
belonging  to  Mr.  Mascall  and  Mr.  Bell,  and  other  outhouses  and 
hamletts  within  the  constablery  of  Framwelgate,  did  ever  appeare 
were  summoned  otherwise  than  by  proclamacion,  to  appeare  at  the 
Mayor's  Court  or  were  amerced  for  not  appearing.  Knows  not  that 
any  of  the  said  houses  were  admitted  or  obliged  to  be  admitted  at 
the  Mayor's  Court.  The  Burrowholders  of  Framwelgate  are.  Win. 
Middleton  (speaks  onely  for  8  years),  Cuthbert  Hutchinson.  (Neither 
does  Gillygate,  Elvett,  or  the  Bayleys  appeare  to  the  Mayor's  Court, 
though  all  within  the  suburbs  of  the  said  city.)  (9.)  Knows  Framwel- 
gate Castle  Chair,  but  not  the  limits  of  the  burrow,  nor  whether  Castle 
Chair  be  part,  but  looks  upon  it  to  be  part  of  the  burrow,  for  they  have 
paid  their  sesses  together,  and  serveing  in  offices.  Moor,  who  lived  at 
Castle  Chair  when  deponent  was  Mayor  about  26  yeares  agoe,  served  as 
one  of  his  constables  for  that  yeare,  Cuth.  Hutchinson,  alderman.  (10.) 
Castle  Chair  has  been  inhabited  with  tradesmen  not  free  of  the  city  or 
burrow,  but  lookt  upon  them  to  stay  there  some  small  time  purely  by 
the  neglect  of  the  severall  officers,  not  that  they  had  any  priviledge  to 
exercise  their  trades  there.  Idm. 


170  THE  FIEST  MANTUA  MAKERS  IN  DURHAM. 

DECREES  IN  THIS  COURT  RELATIVE  TO  TfiADES.3  Note  Liber  G.  fo.  106. 
16  Dec.,  1611.  The  Wardens  of  the  Fellowshipp  of  JIabber dashers,  Mer- 
cers, and  Grocers  of  the  City  of  Durham,  against  Fisher.  For  exercising 
the  trade  of  a  grocer  in  Elvett,  not  being  admitted  a  freeman,  though  he 
had  served  his  time  and  was  the  son  of  a  freeman.  Decreed  he  shall 
not  use  the  trade  after  Shrovetide,  except  he  compound  with  the  War- 
dens and  be  by  them  admitted  a  freeman. 

Liber  L.  fo.  391.  The  Attorney  Generall,  of  the  relacion  of  John  Hall 
and  others,  Drapers  and  Taylors,  against  John  White.  For  exercising 
the  trade  of  a  taylor  in  Hall  Garth  in  Elvett,  the  relators  averring  Hall 
Garth  in  parcell  of  the  street  called  Elvet,  which  is  part  of  the  suburbs 
of  the  city.  Some  contrariety  of  proofes.  Issue  at  law  directed, 
whether  or  noe  the  precinct  of  the  freedom e  of  the  corporacion  of 
Drapers  and  Taylors  of  the  city  do  extend  unto  Hall  Garth.  In  the  mean 
time  the  defendant  to  be  restrained  from  exercising,  [&c.]  but  never 
tryed. 

Liber  H.  fo.  519.  The  Wardens  and  Searchers  of  the  said  Company 
agt.  Blunt.  For  exercising  the  trade  of  a  taylor  within  the  city,  not 
having  served  as  an  apprentice.  Answere  that  he  was  the  son  of  a 
freeman  of  the  city  (but  does  not  say  of  what  trade) :  that  he  wrought 
as  a  journey  man  with  divers  freemen  of  the  trade;  that  in  that  time 
he  made  two  doubletts  and  two  pair  of  breeches,  not  intending  to  have 
offended  the  Company  and  was  sory  for  the  same,  and  afterwards  bound 
himselfe  an  apprentice  to  the  same  trade  and  served  7  years,  and  prayed 
the  court  would  pardon  his  ignorance  of  the  orders  of  the  trade.  The 
Court  considering  that  defendant  took  noe  money  for  his  work,  and  had 
served  7  yeares  to  a  freeman,  yet  though  the  oifence  was  ignorantly 
done,  it  was  against  the  orders  of  the  company,  Decreed  to  pay  20s. 
and  his  indenture  to  be  inrolled  by  the  Company. 


3  In  dot-so.  Carter,    114,  Mayor  and  Commonalty  contra  Goodwin.     4  Mod.  373. 
Hobs  qui  tain  contra  Young. 


171 


THE  BLADESMITHS  AND  CUTLERS  OF  DURHAM. 

THE  following  paper,  communicated  by  Mr.  Trueman,  gives  an  earlier 
date  to  two  companies  at  Durham  than  had  occurred  to  Surtees,  who 
only  refers  to  an  "  original  consent"  of  the  Blacksmiths  in  1610,  and  a 
"  general  consent"  (probably  owing  to  these  chancery  proceedings)  of 
the  Whitesmiths,  Lorimers,  Locksmiths,  Cutlers,  and  Blacksmiths,  in 
1730.  The  city  charter  of  Matthew  only  mentions  "  Smiths,"  and  there 
had  perhaps  been  some  temporary  junction  of  the  crafts  at  a  distant  pe- 
riod. By  the  consent  of  1730,  no  Blacksmith  was  to  hire  any  journey- 
man that  was  a  Lorimer  or  Locksmith,  nor  vice  versa.  So  that  the 
Lorimers  were  perhaps,  formerly,  a  distinct  body. 

IN  THE  CHANCERY  OF  DURHAM.  Between  HENRY  LAMBTON,  Esq., 
Attorney-General  of  the  Bishop  of  Durham,  on  the  relation  of  John 
Johnson  and  Matthew  Shaw,  wardens  of  the  Society  of  Blacksmiths, 
Lorimers,  and  Locksmiths,  Informants;  and  MICHAEL  WATSON,  warden 
of  the  Society  of  Cutlers  and  Bladesmiths. 

REASONS  AGAINST  THE  STJBPCENA. — Whereas  the  informant,  on  the  rela- 
cion  abovesaid,  purchased  his  Majestic' s  writt  of  subpoena,  under  the 
seale  of  this  honorable  court,  in  the  nature  of  a  scire  facias  to  the  de- 
fendant directed  :  reciting  that,  in  a  cause  depending  in  this  court, 
between  Thomas  Cradocke,  Esq.,  then  Attorney-Generall  of  John  [Cosin], 
late  Bishopp,  at  the  relacion  of  George  Ridley  and  Win.  Johnson, 
wardens  and  searchers  of  the  Society  of  Blacksmiths  within  the  city  of 
Durham,  plaintiff,  and  Henry  Fairlesse  and  Edward  Fairlesse,  defend- 
ants, it  was  decreed  by  consent  that  the  relators  and  defendants  and  the 
members  of  each  society  should  be  admitted  free  of  each  others'  company, 
as  if  they  were  present  members,  and  the  fines  to  be  paid  upon  such 
admittances  were  referred  to  Sir  James  Clavering;  that  Sir  James 
awarded  that  the  relators  should  admitt  the  then  defendants  and  all 
other  members  of  their  society  free  of  the  Society  of  Blacksmiths,  upon 
payment  of  6s.  8d. ;  and  that  the  Society  of  Cutlers  and  Bladesmiths 
should  admitt  the  Blacksmiths  free  of  their  company,  upon  the  payment 
of  40s.  apeice,  and  for  the  future  the  members  of  each  society  should  be 
admitted  free  of  each  others  company,  upon  payment  of  6s.  8d.  apeice ; 
and  that  the  award  was  confirmed  by  a  decree  of  this  court :  commanded 
the  defendant  to  show  cause  why  the  decrees  should  not  be  revived : 


172  THE  BLADESMITIIS  AND  CUTLERS  OF  DURHAM. 

Now  the  defendant  doth  for  causes  show  : — (I.)  Edward  Fahiesse  is  still 
liveing,  and  if  the  decree  be  revived,  it  must  be  against  him  only,  for 
[he]  Watson  is  neither/party  nor  privy  to  the  decree.  (2.)  Is  not  served 
with  the  decrees  or  award,  and  knows  not  the  contents.  (3.)  The  So- 
ciety of  Bladesmiths  and  Cutlers  is  an  ancient  corporacion,  and  had  their 
Bylaws  and  Constitucions  confirmed  by  Bpp.  Tonstall,  at  the  same  time 
that  he  confirmed  the  Smiths'  and  Lorimers'  Bylaws,  and  then  the  cor- 
poracions  were  not  thought  fitt  to  be  consolidated,  and  neither  can  they 
be  without  the  consent  and  confirmacion  of  the  Bishopp.  (4.)  Every 
corporacion,  being  a  body  politick,  speaks  by  their  common  seale  and 
common  consent,  and  are  not  bound  by  any  decree  where  they  are  not 
partys,  and  noe  particular  member  can,  by  their  consents,  bind  the  cor- 
poracion. (5.)  The  suits  were  against  Henry  and  Edward  Fairlesse,  in 
their  private  capacitys,  and  not  as  wardens  or  searchers  of  the  Society 
of  Bladesmiths  and  Cutlers,  nor  were  they  wardens  and  searchers  of  that 
Society  when  the  informacion  was  exhibited,  or  at  the  time  the  sub- 
mission, award,  decree,  or  other  proceedings  were  made.  ^6.)  It  noe 
ways  appears  that  the  corporacion  of  Bladesmiths  and  Cutlers  were  par- 
tys to  the  submission.  (7.)  Soe  farr  from  agreeing  to  the  decree,  they 
never  would  admitt  any  smith  a  freeman  of  their  trade,  nor  did  any 
smith  or  lorimer,  since  the  decree,  till  the  relator  Johnson,  set  up  the 
defendant's  trade.  (8.)  If  the  whole  Company  be  bound  by  the  decree, 
then  the  writt  ought  to  have  been  directed  to  the  Warden  and  Company 
or  Society,  and  not  to  Watson  only  as  Warden. 

Demands  judgment  whether  he  is  concerned  by  the  decree  or  award, 
or  the  same  can  be  revived  against  the  Corporation  of  Bladesmiths  and 
Cutlers.  And  prays  to  be  dismissed  with  his  costs. 


173 


THE  PUDSAYS  OF  BAKFOKD. 

THROUGH  the  kindness  of  a  friend,  I  was  recently  permitted  to  examine, 
and  make  extracts  from,  a  manuscript  of  considerable  interest  and  im- 
portance. It  contained,  among  other  things,  the  genealogical  notices  of 
the  family  of  Pudsay  of  Barford,  which  form  the  basis  of  the  present 
paper. 

The  volume  is  a  small  octavo,  and  was  probably  written  in  the  begin- 
ning of  the  15th  century.  It  is  bound  in  strong  oaken  boards,  but  the 
purple  velvet  with  which  they  are  still  covered  is  much  tarnished.  The 
corners  are  tipped  with  brass,  but  the  clasps,  which  were  probably  of 
silver,  have  been  torn  away.  The  manuscript  has  been  carefully  pre- 
served, and  must  have  been  in  the  family  of  the  Pudsays  for  at  least 
three  centuries. 

It  contains  some  of  the  services  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church.  At 
the  commencement  is  the  office  of  our  Saviour,  followed  by  that  of  the 
Yirgin,  with  Matins,  Lauds,  Prime,  Tierce,  Sext,  None  and  Vespers, 
with  the  hymn  Ave,  Maria  Stella  !  Complin  and  the  Salve,  Regina  ! 
come  next.  After  them  are  the  Seven  Penitential  psalms  and  the  Me- 
mento, Domine,  David,  in  full,  with  the  titles  of  several  others.  These 
are  followed  by  the  Litany  of  the  Saints,  the  office  for  the  dead  and  the 
commendationes,  which  begin  with  a  finely  illuminated  page.  The  ma- 
nuscript is  well  written,  and  is  illuminated  in  more  places  than  one. 
The  spoiler,  however,  has  been  busy  with  it,  as  several  of  the  decora- 
tions are  missing,  and  in  more  places  than  one  a  leaf  has  been  ab- 
stracted. 

On  the  leaf  preceding  the  Calendar  is  written  as  follows  : — 

%*     Jhesus. 

Here  is  the  brithe  day  of  all  the  children  of  Mr.  Thomas  Pudsay  of 
Barforth,  noted  in  the  Calender  folowing,  which  he  had  by  Elizabeth 
Pudsay,  daughter  to  John  Lord  Scroope  of  Bolton,  and,  lastlie,  the  day  of 
the  death  of  the  sayd  Mr.  Thomas  Pudsay,  who  died  in  Yorke,  prisoner 
for  his  conscience,  a  trewe  confessor  of  the  Catholik  faythe.  He  left 
this  wretched  world  and  went  to  God  the  forthe  day  of  September,  on 
whose  soule  I  pray  God  have  mercye.  Anno  Domini  1576. 

In  the  Calendar  itself  these  genealogical  notices  occur : — 

JANUARY. 
Anna  Pudsey  filia  Michaelis  Pudsey  nata  anno  1650  die  30mo. 

VOL.  II.  2  A 


174  THE  PUDSAYS  OF  BARFORD. 

FEBETJAEY. 

Margareta  Pudsey  nata  13°,  an0  1652,  filia  Michaelis  Pudsey, 
Kodolphus  Pudsey  filius  Tho.  Pudsey  natus  vigessimo  die  Feb. 

1688-9  et  obiit  die  nono  Martii. 
Grandmother  Pudsey  was  born  ye  24  Feb.  1618-19  :    dyed    ye 

28th  Feb.  1705-6. 

MAECH. 

Uncle  Nicolas  Salvin  dyed  ye  8th  March. 

Grandfather  Pudsey  dyed  ye  12th  March,  1697-8;  was  born  29th 

Sept.,  1619. 
Uncle  Smith  15. 
(25.)  Nat.  Franci  Pudsay. 

Isto  die  natus  fait  Tho.  Pudsey  filius  Michaelis,  1654. 
My  dear  wife  dyed  ye  29  March,  1729,  in  ye  evening. 
Uncle  Charles  30. 

APEIL. 
My  dear  father  dyed  y6  19th  April,  at  Croxdale,  1723. 

MAY. 

Mother  dyed  ye  1st  May,  1724. 

)  Isto  die  natus  fuit  \Vyllielmus  Pudsaye,  anno  Domini  1556. 
10.)  Nat.  Georgi  Pudsay. 
Maria  Pudsey  filia  Tho.  Pudsey  nata  24to  die  Maii  Anno  Dom.  1690. 

JULY. 

(4.)  Hoc  die  natus  fuit  Ambrosius  Pudsaye,  anno  Domini  1565. 
(15.)  Isto  die  natus  fuit  Margareta  Pudsaye,  anno  Domini  1560. 
Auntt  Pudsey  dyed  July  19. 

AUGUST. 
Mary  Pudsey,  daughter  of  Michael  Pudsey,   was  born  ye  8th  day 

Augt.,  1714. 

(17.)  Nat.  Thorns  Pudsay,  1567. 
Catherin  Pudsey,  daughter  of  Michael  Pudsey,  was  born  ye  26 

August,  1720,  and  dyed  ye  7  May,  1721. 
Mr.  Michal  Pudsey  dyed  Augst.  30,  1749. 

SEPTEMBEB. 

(2.)  Nat:  Marine  Pudsay,  1573. 

Obiit  mortem  Thomas  Pudsay  horum  liberomm  pater  Eboraci  in 

carcere,  propter  Catholicam  fidem,  cujus  syncerus  professor 

erat,  quarto  die  Septemb:  A°.  Dni.  1576. 
Elizabeth  Pudsey  filia  Michaelis  Pudsey,  nata  An0  1648,  die  &c. 

dyedye2d  Octor.,  aged  83,  1731. 
Nativitas  Mychaelis  Pudsay  filius  Ambrosii  Pudsay  29  of  Septein* 

bris,  anno  Domini  1618. 
Thomas  Pudsey,  son  of  Mich1.  Pudsey,  was  born  y«   10th   day 

Septenv,  1715.     Dyed  8  Augt. 


THE  PUDSAYS  OF  BARFORD.  175 

OCTOBER. 

Maria  Pudsey,  filia  Michaelis  Pudsey,  nata  14°,  An0  1643. 

A*  Berry  dyed  Octo :  3d  [in  pencil  in  the  hand  of  the  last  Michael 

Pudsey. ~\ 
.NOVEMBER. 

3.  Natalitium  Wenefride  Pudsay,  1570. 

(24  or  25.  ?)  Natalitium  Johannae  Pudsaye,  1560. 

DECEMBER. 

12.  Isto  die  natus  fuit  Henricus  Pudsaye  Anno  Domini  1561. 
Ambrose  Pudsay  dyed  the  12th  of  December,  1623. 
Michael  Pudsey  films  Tho  :  Pudsey  natus  27  die  Decembris,  1680. 
(28.)  tfat.  Mariae  Pudsay. 

From  the  above  extracts  it  will  appear  that  the  MS  was  in  the  posses- 
sion of  the  family  of  Pudsay  for  at  least  two  centuries.  But  there  is 
evidence  in  the  volume  to  shew  that  it  belonged  to  that  ancient  house  at 
a  much  earlier  period.  That  which  I  am  going  to  lay  before  my  readers 
is  of  far  greater  interest  and  importance  than  the  genealogical  notices 
which  have  just  been  given.  On  the  fly-leaves  at  the  commencement  of 
the  volume  are  the  following  invocations  in  prose  and  verse  to  the  ill- 
fated  monarch  Henry  the  Sixth. 

Oratio  beati  Henrici  Sexti,  regis  Angliae  et  Franciae  etc.  Hie  vir 
disspiens  [despiciens  P]1  mundum  et  terrena,  triumphans,  divicias  cela 
condidit  corde,  ore  et  manu.  Ora  pro  nobis,  beate  He[n]rice,  ut  dig[ni] 
eff[iciamur]. 

Deus,  qui  unigenitum  Filium  Tuum,  Dominum  nostrum  Jhesum 
Christum  famulo  tuo  regi  nostro  Henrico  corpore  et  anima  glorificatum 
demonstrare  voluisti,  praesta,  quaesumus,  ut  ejus  mentis  et  precibus  ad 
eternam  ejusdem  Domini  nostri  Jhesu  Christi  visionem  pertingere 
mereamur ;  per  Dominum  nostrum  Jhesum  Christum,  Filium  Tuum,  Qui 
Tecum  vivit  etc.  \_per~\  omnia  saecula  sseculorum.  Amen. 

On  another  fly-leaf,  but  in  a  different  hand,  is  the  following  hymn. 

Ave  ante  ortum  prophetatus, 
Regnorum  bis  coronatus 
Quorum  regimini  es  donatus, 

Ex  nobili  progenie. 
Tua  vita  singularis 
Anglorum  rite  lucerna  vocaris, 
Henricus  sextus  vulgo  nominaris, 

De  regali  serie. 
Ave,  tutor  ecclesiasticorum, 
Utens  norma  religiosorum, 
Bespuens  vana  mundanorum, 

Misericors  in  omnibus. 

1  This  sentence  is  in  a  confused  state.     It  may  be  arranged  so  as  to  form  a  couplet. 
Hie  vir  despiciens  mundum  et  terrena,  triumphans 

Divitias  cselo  condidit,  ore,  manu ! 
Ora,  &c. 


176  THE  PUDSAYS  OF  BARFORD. 

Mitis  lit  agnus  paciens, 
Fuisti  in  Christo  confidens, 
Mira  diversa  faciens, 

Brutis  et  hominibus. 
Ave,  post  necem  tui  prolis, 
Misericordiam  desiderans  absque  dolis, 
Penetrasti  radium  solis, 

Migratus  ex  hoc  sseculo. 
Schertesey  senobio  es  sepultus, 
Eodem  loco  dm  occultus, 
Integer  remanens  ut  Dei  cultus 

Fossus  in  diluculo. 
Ave,  per  quern  plures  sanantur 
JEgroti :  cseci  iUuminantur, 
Peregrinantes  vero  liberantur 

De  magno  periculo. 
Dementes  etiam  restituuntur, 
Claudi  decrepiti  graduuntur, 
Paralitici  eonsequuntur 

Salutem  in  vehiculo. 
Ave  revelator  carceratorum, 
Pestis  medicina,  spes  moestorum, 
Maculas  pellens  desperatorum, 

Febribus  fatigatis. 
Resuscitator  tu  innocentis 
Yermes  feminae  intus  habentis, 
Sedeam[?]  purgans  esto  petentis 

Protector  in  datis. 


Ora  pro  nobis,  Christi  accleta,  ne  dampnemur  morte  perpetua. 

Deus  qui  in  electis  tuis,  semper  es  mirabilis  et  eos  choruscare  facis 
miraculo;  concede  propicius  ut  regem  Henricum  quern  habuimus  patro- 
num  in  terris  intercessorem  habere  mereamur  in  ca3lis  :  per  Christum. 

As  far  as  hope  will  yn  lengthe 

On  the,  kyng  Henry,  I  fix  my  mynde, 

That  be  thy  pray  our  I  may  have  strenhith 

In  vertuous  lyfe  my  warks  to  bynde. 

Though  I  to  the  have  ben  unkynde 

Off  wilfulnesse  long  tyme  and  space. 

Off  forgevenesse  I  aske  ye  grace, 

Hop  hathe  me  movyde  to  seke  y18  place, 

In  trust  of  socor  by  thyn  olde  properte, 

"Was  never  man  cam  be  forne  y1  face 

Rebellion  or  oder  yn  adversite 

Off  thyr  compassion  commaundid  them  goo  free. 

Now,  for  thi  pety,  to  Hym  that  all  schall  deme, 

Pray  for  me  thy  servant  and  pilgreme. 


THE  PUDS  AYS  OF  BARFORD.  177 

These  prayers,  to  judge  from  the  hand,  were  written  in  the  latter  part 
of  the  15th  century,  and  they  derive  an  additional  interest  from  the  con- 
nection which  is  said  to  have  existed  between  the  Pudsays  and  Henry  the 
Sixth.  It  has  been  the  uniform  tradition  in  Craven  that  that  unhappy 
monarch  was  sheltered  and  entertained  by  Sir  Ralph  Pudsay,  at  Bolton 
Hall,  after  his  defeat  at  Hexham.  That  the  popular  report  is,  in  this  in- 
stance, correct  I  have  little  doubt,  as  it  is  supported  by  the  following 
evidence,  which  is  now  for  the  first  time  produced.  In  the  will  of 
Ambrose  Pudsay  of  Bolton,  gentleman,  which  was  made  in  1521, 
is  the  following  most  remarkable  passage  : — "  Jn  witnes  wherofthis  my 
last  will  and  testament,  I  did  write  it  with  my  owne  hande  at  Bolton 
haull,  in  a  chamer  that  goode  JZyng  Henry  the  Sexte  lay  in,  and  therfor 
it  is  called  his  chamer  to  this  presente  daye"  This  most  valuable  docu- 
ment was  executed  some  sixty  years  after  the  royal  visit  to  which  I  am 
alluding  took  place,  and  it  is  quite  possible  that  the  testator  might  in 
his  younger  days  have  clung  to  the  knees  of  the  monarch  of  whom,  at 
the  close  of  his  life,  he  speaks  with  so  much  respect. 

As  a  memorial  of  his  visit  to  Bolton,  and  of  the  hospitality  which  he 
had  there  met  with,  the  King  probably  left  behind  the  glove,  boot,  and 
spoon,  which  are  still  most  carefully  treasured  up  by  the  representatives 
of  the  Pudsays.  And  if  these  relics  of  an  unfortunate  sovereign  are 
treated  in  these  days  with  so  much  consideration,  with  what  reverence 
must  they  have  been  regarded  when  their  donor  was  worshipped  as  a 
saint  1  How  lovingly  would  they  be  brought  out  and  handled,  and  how 
carefully  would  they  be  preserved  !  And,  surely,  it  is  not  unreasonable 
to  conjecture  that  in  the  private  oratory  at  Bolton  the  family  chaplain 
would  say  his  prayers  "  upon"  the  very  book  to  which  the  reader  has 
been  introduced,  and  incorporate  into  his  daily  services  the  invocations 
which  I  have  just  given.  It  will  be  observed  that  the  last  of  the 
prayers  is  especially  adapted  to  a  pilgrim.  To  what  shrine  did  the 
pious  Lancastrian  resort  ?  In  the  Minsters  of  York  and  Eipon  he 
would  find  an  image  of  the  monarch  whom  he  beatified,  whilst  in  the 
little  chapel  at  Bolton  Hall  he  might  kiss  the  relics  of  his  saint,  and 
address  him  in  a  set  form  of  prayer  from  the  service  book  which  lay 
upon  the  altar.2 

It  may,  I  think,  be  fairly  conjectured  that  the  service  book,  which 
has  been  described  belonged  either  to  the  host  of  Henry  the  Sixth,  or  to 
his  son.  From  them  it  descended,  in  one  family  and  in  one  faith,  to 

2  I  trust  to  be  able,  before  long,  to  lay  before  the  members  of  the  Society  a  more 
detailed  account  of  the  wanderings  of  Henry  the  Sixth  in  the  North  of  England. 


178  THE  PUDSAYS  OF  BARFORD. 

Thomas  Pudsay,  Esq.,who,  in  Queen  Mary's  days,  began  to  inscribe  in 
the  Calendar  the  nativities  of  his  children.  After  his  death,  and  that 
of  his  widow,  who  survived  him  for  many  years,  the  volume  came  into 
the  possession  of  one  of  her  younger  children  who  resided  in  the 
vicinity  of  Barford,  of  which  she  had  been  for  so  long  a  time  the 
possessor.  It  continued  with  his  descendants  till  they  became  extinct 
in  the  18th  century.  An  account,  therefore,  of  the  Pudsays  of  Bar- 
ford,  as  illustrating  the  genealogical  notices  recorded  in  the  Calendar, 
will  make  the  present  paper  more  complete. 

The  manor  house  of  Barford  lies  pleasantly  upon  the  southern  bank 
of  the  Tees,  facing  the  pretty  village  of  Gainford.  It  was  built,  proba- 
bly, in  the  15th  century,  but  modern  improvements  have  shorn  it  of  its 
architectural  beauties.  On  the  summit  of  the  hill  may  be  seen  the 
traces  of  a  village  which  has  long  since  disappeared,  and  the  picturesque 
ruins  of  a  chapel  of  a  date  long  anterior  to  the  manor  house.  There  is 
a  careful  and  minute  description  of  the  place  in  Mr.  Walbran's  History 
of  Gainford,  but  Dr.  Whitaker  in  his  description  of  Bichmondshire  does 
not  once  allude  to  its  existence. 

The  earliest  owners  of  the  estate  that  have  occurred  to  me  are  the 
Latons  of  West  Laton.  In  the  year  1338,  John  de  Laton  and  Christiana 
his  wife  recognize  the  ownership  of  Thomas  de  Laton,  kt.,  to  2  mes- 
uages,  13  tofts,  160  acres  of  arable  land  and  7  of  meadow  in  Berford 
super  These  and  Cleseby  juxta  Manfield,  two  parts  of  which  he  holds  by 
their  gift ;  whereupon  the  said  Sir  Thomas  conveys  the  two  parts  to 
John  and  Christiana,  together  with  the  third  part,  after  the  decease  of 
Petronella,  widow  of  John  de  Hudeleston,  who  holds  it  as  her  dower. 
In  1353,  Thomas  de  Laton,  rector  of  Marsk,  and  William  de  Forset, 
chaplain,  convey  to  John  son  of  Sir  Thomas  de  Laton,  kt.,  and  Christiana 
his  wife,  with  remainder  to  their  heirs  male,  and  failing  them,  to  Eliza- 
beth their  daughter,  a  carucate  of  land  in  Appilby  super  Tese,  and  the 
manors  of  Barford ;  2  messuages,  83  acres  of  arable  land  and  an  acre 
and  a  half  of  meadow  being  specially  excepted. 

In  the  Chartulary  of  the  Latons,  from  which  these  notices  are  derived, 
it  is  stated  that  this  Christiana  Laton  was  the  daughter  of  Christopher 
Sheffield.  From  the  same  source  I  continue  the  descent  of  Barford. 

"  This  John  Laton  heere  menconed  and  Christian  his  wyefe  had  no 
yssue  but  onely  Elizabeth  theire  sole  daughter  and  heire,  whoe  was 
maryed  to  Henry  Pudesay  son  and  heir  to  John  Pudsey  of  Boulton  in 
Craven." 

"  The  said  Elizabeth  lyeth  buryed  in  the  parishe  churche  of  East  Laton, 


THE  PUDSAYS  OF  BARFORD.  179 

in  the  pew  called  Laton's  pew  with  this  inscription  folio  winge  ingraven 
in  brasse  upon  her  grave. 

Hie  jacet  Elizabetha  filia  et  heres 
Johis  Laton  de  Berforth  quondam 
uxor  Henrici  Pudesey  que  obiit  10° 
die  Novembris  anno  d'ni  1424. 
Cujus  animse  propitietur  Deus.  Amen." 

Upon  the  marriage  of  Henry  Pudsay  with  Elizabeth  Laton,  there 
seems  to  have  been  a  general  settlement  of  the  estates  upon  their  issue. 
This  was  made  in  the  year  1353,  when  the  lady  is  mentioned  as  Pudsey'  s 
wife.  From  this  period,  for  more  than  three  centuries,  the  Pudseys 
retained  possession  of  Barford.  It  passed  out  of  their  hands  in  1659, 
being  then  sold  to  Barrington  Bourchier  of  Benningbrough,  Esq.,  "  by 
the  trustees  for  the  payment  of  the  debts  of  Ambrose  Pudsey,  for 
10,050?.  It  is  now  the  property  of  the  Earl  of  Harewood,  who  pur- 
chased it  of  "Walter  Fawkes,  Esq.,  of  Earneley." 

The  first  original  document  relating  to  Barford  that  has  come  before 
me  is  the  Inventory  of  the  effects  of  Margaret,  widow  of  Thomas 
Pudsay,  Esq.  It  is  preserved  in  the  Eegistry  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter 
of  York,  and  was  drawn  up  in  the  year  1552.  The  lady  was  the 
eldest  of  six  daughters  and  coheirs  of  Sir  Roger  Pilkington  of  Pilking- 
ton  in  Lancashire,  by  Alice,  dau.  of  Sir  John  Savage,  kt.  She  was  the 
mother  of  four  children,  one  son,  Henry  Pudsay,  and  three  daughters, 
of  whom  Grace  the  eldest  married  and  had  issue  by  Thos.  Metharn  of 
Metham,  Esq.,  and  Thos.  Trollop  of  Thornley,  Esq.  ;  2.  Catherine,  the 
wife  of  Anthony  Eshe  of  Patrick  Brompton  ;  and,  3  Mary,  who  mar- 
ried and  had  issue  by  Mr.  Serjeant  Meynell.  On  the  16th  of  January, 
1552-3,  Margaret  Pudsay'  s  sons  in  law,  Meynell  and  Trollop,  make  an 
agreement  about  the  administration  of  her  effects.  It  was  at  this  time 
that  the  Inventory  was  made  which  is  now  for  the  first  time  printed. 
There  is  circumstantial  evidence  to  connect  it  with  Barford,  and  it  gives 
us  a  full  and  minute  catalogue  of  the  contents  of  the  manor  house  and  its 
appendages,  which  I  give  without  compression. 


-Enbentorfe  of  Margarett  Pudsey,  lait  wyffe  of  Thomas  Pudsey, 
Esquier,  disceissed,  of  all  suche  goodes  and  cattelles,  as  well  move- 
able  as  unmoveable,  which  she  had  at  the  tyme  of  her  deith. 

IN  THE  HALL.  —  iiij  tables  and  iiij  formes,  vjs.  viijd.  One  cubbord, 
and  ij  chares  for  women,  v«.  iij  pewther  basynges  and  one  ewer,  x*. 
One  pare  of  tengges,  ij  cooke  nettes,  with  the  hangynges  of  the  hall  of 
grene  say,  iiijs.  iiij^. 

IN  THE  LAW  PARLOR.  —  One  standyng  bed,  the  hangynges  of  yalowe 


180  THE  PUDSAYS  OF  BARFORD. 

and  blowe  say,  one  fether  bed,  one  pair  of  blankettes,  one  coverlett  and 
one  coveryng  of  tapes',  xvs.  One  nother  bed,  with  one  fether  bed,  ij 
blankettes,  one  coverlett,  one  boster,  and  ij  pilleberes,  xxvjs.  viiid.  One 
counter,  one  cubbord  with  a  cloith  of  yalowe  and  blowe  say,  one  chare, 
with  the  hangynges  of  the  said  parlor  of  stayn'  worke,  xxvjs.  viijd. 

IN  THE  LOEDES  CHAMBER. — One  standyng  bed,  one  mattres,  one  fether 
bed,  one  pair  of  fuschon  blankettes,  one  covereign,  one  coverlett,  one 
boster,  ij  pillebers,  the  hangynges  of  yalowe  say,  iiijli.  One  nother 
borded  bed  with  one  fether  bed,  one  pair  of  blankettes,  one  coverlett,  one 
boster,  and  ij  pillebers,  xxvjs.  viij^.  One  trussyng  chare,  vs.  One 
cnp  stoill  with  a  clothe  of  yalowe  say,  and  the  hangynges  of  the  said 
chamber  of  yalowe  and  grene  say,  xxvjs.  viijd. 

IN  THE  CHAMBER  OVER  THE  BUTTERY. — One  borded  bed,  one  fether  bed, 
one  pare  of  blankettes,  two  coverlettes,  one  boster,  one  pilleber  with 
hangynges  of  reid  and  yalowe  say,  xxvjs.  viij^.  One  nother  borded 
bed  with  one  mattres,  one  blanket,  ij  coverlettes,  one  boster  and  one 
paynted  tester,  xiijs.  iiij^.  One  cubbord  and  iij  chestes,  xs.  One 
bord,  ij  trisselles,  one  forme,  and  one  pare  of  tenges,  xvjd. 

IN  THE  NTJRCEY. — One  borded  bed,  one  mattres,  one  blankett,  ij  cover- 
lettes, one  boster,  the  tester  of  reid  and  yalowe  say,  one  nother  bed  with 
one  coverlett,  and  one  blankett,  xvjs.  ij  cootes  of  plait  and  ij  jackes, 
(blank.) 

IN  THE  CHAMBER  OVER  THE  GREAT  PARLOR. — One  borded  bed,  one 
fether  bed,  one  pare  of  blankettes,  ij  coverlettes,  one  covereign,  one  bos- 
ter, ij  pillebers,  the  tester  and  corteynes  of  reid  and  yalowe  say,  xls. 
One  nother  borded  bed,  one  fether  bed,  ij  blankettes,  two  coverlettes, 
one  boster,  with  one  tester  of  reid  and  yalowe  say,  xxxiijs.  iiij^.  One 
nother  borded  bed  with  one  mattres,  one  blankett,  iij  coverlettes,  and 
one  boster,  one  palyet  with  one  mattres,  one  fether  bed,  ij  blankettes, 
one  coverlett,  one  boster  and  ij  pillebers,  xls.  One  chest  and  one  chare, 
xs.  The  hangynges  of  the  chamber  of  payntid  worke,  xiijs.  iiijd. 

IN  THE  CLOSETT. — Of  lynnyng  and  game  cloithe,  foure  score  and  fyve 
yerdes,  vli.  vjs.  viijd.  Fyve  pair  of  sheetes,  Ivjs.  xx  kirchers,  xix 
vaylles,  xx  pair  of  lynne  sieves,  xxu  sarkes,  xj  smokes,  and  iij  bed 
sheles,  iij?*.  xxxiiij*  yeardes  of  wullyng  cloith,  liijs.  iiijc?.  xij  hankes 
of  lyone  game  and  other  xij  hankes  of  harne,  xls.  ij  sloppes  and  one 
kirtill,  liijs.  iiijd.  xx  score  of  lynne  and  xx  score  of  hempe,  xxs.  One 
Flaunder  cheste,  one  chare,  one  borde,  iiij  trisselles,  one  nyght  gowne, 
and  one  chest,  and  one  coffer,  vs.  Charges,  iijs. 

IN  THE  GREAT  PARLOR. — One  longe  table  with  a  tap'  covereign,  vs. 
One  counter,  v  chares,  ij  formes,  ij  great  chestes  and  one  rounde  table, 
xiijs.  iiij^.  One  standyng  bed  with  one  mattres,  one  fether  bed,  ij 
blankettes,  one  coverlett,  one  covereign,  one  boster,  ij  pillebers,  the  tes- 
ter of  velvett  and  the  corteynes  of  yalowe  and  blowe  say,  and  one  tryn- 
dell  bed  with  one  mattres,  two  blankettes,  ij  coverlettes  and  one  pille- 
ber, iiijli.  The  hangynges  of  the  parlor  of  payntid  antike  worke,  one 
pair  of  tenges  and  one  land  iron,  xxvjs.  viijd. 


THE  PUDS  AYS  OF  BARFORD.  181 

IN  THE  CHAPPELL.  —  iiij  alter  cloithes,  viijs.     iiij  vestementes,  xjs. 
iiij  cooppes,  xiijs.  iiij^.     ij  challases,  iiijfo'.     The  communyon  booke,  ijs. 


IN  THE  MADES  CHAMBER.  —  One  bed,  one  mattres,  ij  blankettes,  ij 
coverlettes  and  one  happyng,  xiijs.  iiij^.  ij  spynnyng  wheles,  iiij  pare 
of  wulle  cardes,  one  pair  of  wull  conies  and  one  pair  of  wull  weightes, 
iijs.  iiijd. 

IN  THE  STORE-HOWSE  CHAMBER.  —  ij  beds,  ij  mattresses,  ij  bosters,  ij 
blankettes,  ij  coverlettes,  ij  coverynges,  xxs. 

IN  HENRY  PATTTER  CHAMBER.  —  One  bed,  one  mattres,  ij  coverlettes 
and  one  boster,  xs.     ij  battell  axes  and  one  bill, 


AT  THE  MILNE.  —  One  bed,  one  mattres,  one  blankett,  ij  coverlettes, 
one  happyng  and  one  codde,  vjs  viij^.  ix  milne  pickes  and  one  gave- 
locke,  iijs.  ij  thistelles,  ij  wombelles,  one  axe  and  one  hand  sawe,  ijs. 

IN  THE  SCOLE  HOWSE.  —  ij  bed  stokes,  one  mattres,  one  fether  bed,  ij 
pair  of  blankettes,  iiij  coverlettes,  one  boster,  and  ij  pillebers,  xxxiijs. 
iiijd.  One  chare  and  one  presse,  iiij//.  One  nother  bed,  one  mattres,  one 
pare  of  blankettes,  ij  coverlettes,  and  one  boster,  xiijs.  iiij^.  One  nother 
bed,  one  mattres,  ij  coverlettes,  and  one  boster,  xs. 


IN  THE  NEWE  CHAMBER.  —  One  bord,  ij  trisselles,  and  ij  formes, 
ij  bed  stokes,  ij  mattresses,  ij  bosters,  vj  coverlettes,  one  pilleber,  and  ij 
payntid  testers,  xxs. 

IN  THE  STABLE.  —  One  bed,  one  coverlett,  one  happyng,  and  one  blan- 
kett, iijs.  iiij^. 


IN  THE  MILKE  HOWSE.  —  xx  bolles,  iij  chernes,  vj  skelles,  and  ij 
standes,  xiijs.  iiijd.  One  bord,  ij  trisselles,  one  cheis  trowght,  and  ij 
wesshen  tubbes,  iijs.  One  calderon,  one  kettell,  one  great  panne,  one 
brandreth,  and  one  reakyng  crooke,  xxs. 

IN  THE  STORE  HOWSE.  —  One  great  arke,  vjs.  viij*?.  v  tabbes,  ijs. 
One  girdell  and  xxiiijti  salt  fysshes,  xls. 

IN  THE  KYLNE.  —  Seisteron  of  luid,  xls.  One  kylne  hair  and  sexe 
seckes,  xs. 

IN  THE  WTTLLE  HOWSE.  —  One  hundreth  stone  of  wulle  or  ther  a 
bowtes,  xl&'. 

AT  THE  OXE  HOWSE.  —  iij  woune  waynges,  iij  cowppes,  vj  plowghes, 
temes  and  yokes  for  xxiiij"  oxen,  iiijli.  At  the  henne  howse,  one  mat- 
tres, one  coverlett,  iijs.  Hid.  At  the  oxe  howse,  one  mattres,  one  cover- 
lett, and  one  happyng,  vs.  In  the  sheperdes  chamber,  one  coverlet,  one 
blankett,  and  one  happyng,  iijs.  iiij^. 


IN  THE  BUTTERY.  —  xij  candelstickes,  vjs.  viijd.  x  hoggesheides  to 
tunne  bere  in,  vjs.  viij^.  viij  aille  judges,  and  sex  littill  aill  cuppes  to 
drynke  in,  xij<?.  One  ambery,  ijs.  ij  pewther  basynges,  ijs.  vjd.  One 

VOL.  n.  2  B 


182  THE  PUDSAYS  OF  BARFORD, 

lymbecke,  ijs.  iiijd.  iij  bottelles,  one  basket,  and  one  scuttell, 
One  barrell,  iij  bolles,  one  tunnell,  and  one  stop  to  tunne  withe,  viijd. 
One  secke  full  of  hoppes,  iiijs.  One  arke  for  bread,  one  littill  forme, 
and  viij  Cannes,  xvjd. 

IN  THE  WYNE  SELLER.  —  One  ambery,  ij  chestes,  and  one  coffer,  iiijs. 
iij  pewther  basynges,  and  one  ewer,  viijs.  ij  bordes,  and  iiij  trisselles, 
viijd.  One  brasyng  morter  and  one  pestell,  and  iiij  pare  of  sheres,  vis.  viijd. 
One  pewther  bottell,  one  grape  bottell,  and  one  wanded  bottell,  ijs.  iiijd. 
One  cercle,  ij  graters,  and  one  pare  of  waxe  weis,  xijd.  iij  barrelles, 
one  hoggeshed,  iij  baskettes,  and  one  old  tunne,  ijs.  iiij  seaves,  \iijd. 
ij  gaddes  of  iron,  vjs.  viijd.  x  newe  pewther  disshes,  vjs.  viijd. 


IN  THE  KECHEN.  —  ij  ranges  of  iron  with  sex  iron  barres,  xiijs.  iiij^?. 
iiij  speles,  vjs.  viijd.  xj  brasse  pottes,  and  seven  pannes,  iiij  2*.  One 
chaffyng  disshe  and  one  chaffer,  iijs.  ij  latten  laddeUes,  and  one  nesshe 
crooke,  iiij^.  iiij  iron  rackes,  iijs.  iiij^.  ij  fryeng  pannes,  and  iij 
cressettes,  iijs.  iiij^.  iij  bordes,  and  one  stoill  to  chopp  herbes  of,  xijc?. 
vj  pott  lyddes,  vj  knyffes,  and  one  grater,  vjd.  ij  rost-irons,  ij  chestes, 
one  stayne  morter,  one  old  busshell,  and  one  littill  forme,  ijs.  viijc?.  One 
pare  of  nmsterd  whernes,  one  pare  of  tengges,  one  fyer  per,  and  one  fyer 
panne,  xvjd  iij  games  of  pewther  vessell,  vjfo'.  xiijs.  iiijd.  xxvj"  old 
pewther  dublers,  xij  old  disshes  and  salsers,  xxxiijs.  iiijc?.  One  pare  of 
pot  kylpes,  ijd. 

IN  THE  SLAWGHTEE  HOWSE.  —  ij  salten  tubbes,  ij  choppyng  bordes,  one 
pare  of  wyndowes,  ij  roopes,  and  one  boll,  iiijs. 

IN  THE  BEEWEHOUSE.  —  ij  leiddes,  xxvjs.  viijd.  ij  gyle  fattes,  ij  keel- 
lyng  tubbes,  and  one  masse  fatt,  xs.  One  knedyng  tubbe,  one  old  tubbe, 
one  tunne,  one  trowghe,  and  one  bord,  ijs.  One  brasse  panne,  iij  bolles 
and  ij  skeles,  vs.  iij  seves,  iij  standes,  iiij  salt  tubbes,  vj  seckes,  and 
ij  shetes,  vjs.  yiij^.  ij  wyndercloithes  and  ij  wodde  basynges,  ij  bowt 
cloithes,  and  iiij  mast  riders,  xvjd.  One  pecke,  ij  stray  fannes,  one 
knyfe,  and  one  scrapill,  ijd.  One  iron  peill,  one  iron  coll  raike,  ij  iron 
froggons,  and  one  axe,  xij  vj  busshelles  of  salt  or  ther  abowtes, 
vjs. 


^  IN  THE  PEESTE'S  CHAMBEE.—One  mattres,  one  boster,  one  pilleber,  and 
ij  coverlettes,  viijs. 

NAPPEEIE  WAIE.  —  xv  pair  of  lynnyng  shetes,  vij^'.  xxvj  pair  of 
game  shetes,  vli.  xiij  lynne  bordcloithes,  xls.  xvi  game  bordcloithes, 
xxs.  xinj  table  napkynges,  ijs.  iiij^.  xj  towelles,  xjs.  xiij  pilleber 
covereigns,  xiijs.  iij  cupbord  cloithes,  vjs.  viije*.  One  dyaper  bordcloith 
and  one  diaper  drawght,  xiijs.  iiijd.  vj  diaper  naptkynges,  xx<Z.  One 

xx^ii  116   She  * 


CATTELL.—  viij  horse  and  meres,  xWt.  xxiiij  drawght  oxen,  iij«.xij7t. 
x  latt  oxen,  xxxnj^.  vjs.  viijd.  ix  stottes,  xxl».  xiijs.  iiijd.  xxx  kye, 
iij«^.  vij  whyes  and  kye,  ixU.  vjs.  viijtf.  xxiij  spayned  calfes,  xiij/*. 


THE  PUDS  AYS  OF  BARFORD.  183 

xvj$.  cce.iiij**  wethers  and  tuppes,  cxij/e.  xiijxx  yowes  and  gymberes, 
xlyjVf.  xj  scoie  and  eight  hogges,  xxxiijfo'.  Eyve  swyne,  xvjs.  viijd. 
One  bull,  xxvjs.  viijW.  All  the  hay,  xyjfo'.  ij  bee  hyves,  ("blank)  All 
the  corne  in  the  laithes  and  garners  at  Barfurth,  Manfeild,  and  Bolton  in 
Craven,  iijxxx&.  All  the  corne  of  the  earthe,  xvijft.  x*.  In  hennes 
and  capons  xxx  or  ther  abowtes,  xiijs.  iiijd. 

PLAIT. — iij  eylver  saltes,  ij  of  them  duble  gylt  with  ij  covereigns, 
and  the  third  s-tlt  parcell  gilt  without  covereign,  ij  sylver  cuppes  with 
covereigns,  ij  silver  bolles  with  one  silver  covereign,  ij  standyng 
cuppes  dubble  gilt  with  ij  covereigns,  xj  silver  knoped  spones,  xij 
silver  spones  w  ithout  knoppis,  and  other  ij  silver  spones  dubble  gylt, 
iij"vj&*.  xiijs.  \iijd. 

IN  THE  CASK  ETT. — xliiij  aungelles  in  gold,  (blank)  One  old  ryall, 
(Hank)  In  m  >ney,  xvjfo'.  iiij  gold  rynges,  liijs.  iiijd. 

DETTES  AWX  NG  TTNTO  THE  SATD  MAE.GARETT.  Item,  by  the  lait  Lord 
Scropp  and  his  executores,  viij^xfo 


Henry  Puds.iy,  the  only  son  of  Thomas  and  Margaret  Pudsay,  suc- 
ceeded to  the  family  estates,  and  died  in  1542.  He  married  a  daughter 
of  Sir  Ealph  ]<<ure  of  Witton  Castle.  Thomas  Pudsay,  who  began  the 
genealogical  notices  which  have  been  given,  was  their  eldest  son,  and  to 
him,  therefore,  and  to  his  descendants,  I  shall  principally  confine  my- 
self. 

Thomas  Pudsay  was  eleven  years  of  age  when  his  father  died,  in  1542. 
A  noble  alliance  was  prepared  for  him.  He  was  married  to  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  John  Lord  Scrope  of  Bolton,  by  Catherine,  daughter  of 
Henry  Earl  of  Cumberland,  and  by  her  he  seems  to  have  had  seven 
children.  His  life  was  not  a  long  one.  In  1576,  when  the  hand  of  per- 
secution fell  upon  the  Eoman  Catholic  gentry,  he  was  thrown  into  pri- 
son, and  never  left  it  alive.  He  died  in  York  Castle  on  the  4th  of 
September.  William,  his  son  and  heir,  administered  to  his  effects  on 
May  31,  1577. 

For  more  than  forty  years  did  his  widow  survive  him — constant  to 
her  early  vows  ;  for  she  was  not  again  married.  She  witnessed  many  a 
change  during  the  half  century  of  her  widowhood.  She  saw  the  end  of 
the  golden  reign  of  Elizabeth,  and  could  see  that  the  sceptre  was  be- 
ginning to  tremble  in  the  grasp  of  James.  During  the  same  period 
there  had  been  four  Archbishops  of  York,  and  she  had  paid  her  spiritual 
allegiance  to  eight  Popes.  But  there  had  been  greater  changes  still 
among  her  kinsmen  and  friends.  The  storm  of  1569  had  blown  down 
the  House  of  Neville,  and  the  Percies  were  but  slowly  recovering  from 
the  effects  of  the  same  tempest.  The  Cliffords,  her  cousins,  were  broken 


184  THE  PUDSAYS  OF  BARFORD. 

down  with  lawsuits  and  impoverished  with  debt.  The  glory,  too,  of  her 
father's  house  had  departed,  as  the  honours  of  the  Scropes  were  soon 
to  be  entrusted  to  the  basely  born  daughters  of  the  Lord  President  of 
the  Council  in  the  North. 

On  the  20th  of  October,  1620,  the  aged  widow  executed  her  last  will 
and  testament  at  Barford,  where  she  seems  to  have  resided.  There  is 
little  in  it  to  excite  the  curiosity  of  the  antiquary,  and  a  few  brief  ex- 
tracts from  it  will  suffice.  I  give  them  in  the  words  of  the  testatrix. 

I,  Elizabeth  Pudsay,  of  Barfurthe,  wydowe,  sycke  in  bodye,  doe  make 
this  my  last  will  and  testament.  My  body  to  be  buried  where  my 
frends  shall  thincke  good.  To  my  sonne  William's  fower  daughters 
which  he  had  by  his  first  wyfe,  viz.,  Mary  Pudsaye,  Issabell  Pudsaye, 
Trothye  Pudsaye,  and  Elizabeth  Pudsaye,  all  my  househoulde  stuffe 
beinge  my  owne,  exceptinge  a  bedd  standinge  in  the  closett  within  the 
greene  chamber,  and  all  the  furniture  thereunto  belonginge,  the  which  I 
give  unto  Elizabeth  Pudsay,  daughter  unto  my  sonne  Ambrose.  To 
Ambrose  Pudsaye,  my  grandchylde,  and  sonne  unto  my  sonne  William 
Pudsaye,  a  sylver  bowle.  To  my  sonne  William  Pudsaye  all  my  hard 
corne  now  sowne  upon  the  grounde,  viz.,  upon  the  Twenthy  lands  and 
Trumpett  flatt.  To  my  soune  Ambrose  Pudsaye  of  the  Hye  Cloase,  my 
clocke  in  my  chamber.  To  my  servantes  sutche  legasies  as  my  sonne 
Ambrose  shall  thinckke  fittinge.  To  my  sayde  sonne  the  rest  of  my 
goods.  I  make  my  lovinge  frends  William  Buckle  and  Thomas  Shawe 
executors,  and  for  ther  paynes  to  be  taken  theiin,  give  to  eyther  of  them 
a  xxs.  peece.  Witnesses,  Francis  Radclliffe,  Richard  Hall,  Thomas 
Slinger,  Thomas  Slinger  [««c],  Thomas  Newcom  and  Robert  Dent. 

This  document,  which  is  greatly  injured  by  damp,  was  proved  in  the 
Court  of  Richmond  on  Nov.  18,  1620 ;  her  son  William  administering  to 
her  effects.  The  testatrix  had  been  interred  in  the  little  church  of 
Forcet  twelve  days  previously. 

The  Inventory  of  her  effects  is  still  preserved  at  Richmond,  and  some 
extracts  from  it  are  subjoined.  It  specifies  the  ordinary  accompaniments 
of  a  country  house.  It  will  be  observed  that  green  was  the  prevailing 
colour  in  the  principal  apartments, — a  colour  which  was  equally  para- 
mount in  the  arms  of  the  family  of  Pudsay. 

%L  true  Jnbcntarg  of  all  the  Goodes  of  the  Right  Wor1  Eliz.  Pudsay, 
late  of  Barforth,  widowe,  diseased,  by  Henry  Newcome,  Francis 
Slinger,  Anthony  Wilkinson.  xviiijth  Nov.  1620. 

Her  purse  and  apparellj  v?.  vj  oxen,  xxvijj.  ix  kyne  and  one  bull, 
xxv/.  vij  twinter  beastes,  xl.  vj  stirkesvj/.  vij  calves,  \l.  ij  mares, 
one  foale,  and  a  filly,  xl  xl  ewes  and  xij  wethers,  &c. — THE  LOBDES 


THE  PUDSAYS  OF  BARFORD.  185 

CHAMBER,  ij  bedsteades  and  one  trucle  bedsteade,  and  a  little  cup- 
boorde,  x£.  ij*.  yiijd.  One  chaire  covered  with  red  stuff,  and  one 
throwne  chaire,  iijs.  ij  stooles,  3  mattresses,  4  fethir  bedes,  3  cover- 
letts,  and  one  grene  rugg,  xZ.  One  oversea  coveringe,  3  boulsteres,  5 
pillowes,  3  paire  of  blankets,  one  basinge  and  ewer,  and  a  cupboord 
cloath,  xxs. — IN  HIE  CLOSETT.  One  presse  for  cloathes,  ij  trunks,  ij 
chistes,  and  some  other  small  houselments,  xvs. — IN  HER  BED  CHAMBER. 
Hir  owne  bedstead,  covered  with  grene  cloothe,  xxs.  One  little  cup- 
boord, one  livery  cupboord,  one  table  with  a  turky  carpett,  xs.  2  fether 
beddes,  3  boulsters,  and  2  paire  of  blanketts,  xls.  ij  mattresses,  iiij 
pillowes,  one  grene  rugg,  and  3  coverletts,  xxxs.  One  grene  chaire, 
one  little  chaire,  ij  greate  chistes,  and  a  little  lowe  table,  iiij  stooles  and 
2  formes,  iijs.  iiijd.  One  little  trunke  and  2  greene  carpets,  ij  ande- 
irons,  a  paire  of  tonges,  and  some  other  small  houselments,  iiijs.  xij 
quishions,  xxs. — IN  THE  KITCHEN.  CHAMBER,  xiijs.  iiijd. — THE  BUTTRY 
CHAMBER. — THE  NURSE  PARLOR. — THE  GREATE  PARLOR.  One  longe 
table,  a  livery  cupboord,  one  longe  forme,  and  some  other  small  housel- 
ments, xiijs.  iiijc?. — THE  GRENK  CHAMBER,  ijs. — THE  MILK  HOUSE. — 
THE  KICHIN  LARDER. — THE  MAYDES  PARLER. — THE  LITTLE  PARLER. — 
THE  BREWHOUSE. — THE  HALL.  2  longe  tables,  and  a  square  table  with 
formes  and  seates  thereto,  xs. — THE  BUTTRY. — THE  WYNE  SELLER. 
Wyne  and  kaskes  with  little  runletts,  boords,  and  some  other  things, 
xxs. — THE  OXHOUSE.  Bedsteade,  coverletts,  &c.,  iijs.  iiijc?. — THE  GAR- 
DEN. One  hive  of  bees,  vs. — THE  BREWHOUSE  CHAMBER. — THE  BARNE. 
— THE  COURT.  Coales  there,  xs.  Summa  totalis,  ccxxijZ.  xvs.  iiijc?. 

Mrs.  Pudsay,  as  I  have  said  before,  had  seven  children.  Four  of  them 
were  sons — William,  Henry,  Ambrose,  and  Thomas — and  three  were 
daughters.  Of  the  daughters,  Margaret,  the  eldest,  became  the  wife  of 
llobert  Trotter  of  Skelton  Castle,  Esq. ;  "Winifred  married  Thomas 
Meynell  of  North  Kilvington,  Esq. ;  and  Mary  Pudsay,  her  sister,  to  the 
best  of  my  belief,  died  unmarried. 

"William  Pudsay,  the  eldest  born  of  the  family,  seems  to  have  lived  in 
a  retired  manner  upon  his  estate  in  Craven.  He  was  just  of  age  when 
he  administered  to  his  father's  effects  in  1577,  and  he  enjoyed  the  fa- 
mily estates  for  more  than  fifty  years.  There  is  a  complimentary  allu- 
sion to  his  birth  and  accomplishments  upon  a  fly-leaf  of  the  Book  of 
Hours,  which  has  been  already  mentioned.  It  is  as  follows  : — 

Hear  lyes  the  body  of  "Win.  Pudsey,  Esqr. 
Noble  descended  of  ye  mother  but  nott  of  y*  sire. 

A  Scroop  in  condition, 
A  Clifford  in  face, 
A  Nevell  in  voise, 
A  Evers  in  pace. 

God  rest  his  soul !     Amen. 


186  THE  PUDSAYS  OF  BAKFORD. 

Through  his  mother  he  inherited  the  characteristics  of  the  three  great 
houses  of  Scrope,  Clifford,  and  Neville,  but  the  "pace"  and  the  blood 
of  the  gallant  family  of  Eure  came  to  him  from  his  grandmother.  The 
chronicler  seems  to  have  been  partial  to  the  honours  of  the  Scropes,  as 
the  Pudsays  too  could  boast  of  illustrious  blood  and  an  ancient  ancestry. 
The  great  Prince-Bishop  of  Durham,  from  whom,  as  I  believe,  they 
undoubtedly  sprung,  was  the  son  of  a  sister  of  King  Stephen.  His 
descendants  had  secured  for  themselves  alliances  out  of  ancient  and 
noble  houses,  and  one  of  our  own  poets  has  sung  of  one  of  the  bravest 
barons  in  the  house  of  Eure,  with  whom  they  were  in  several  ways 
connected — 

"  Lord  Eurie  is  of  noble  blood, 

A  knightes  son  sooth  to  say  ; 
He  is  heir  to  the  Nevill  and  to  the  Percy, 
And  is  married  upon  a  Willoughby." 

There  is  one  romantic  incident  in  the  even  life  of  the  Esquire  of 
Bolton,  to  which  Dr.  WMtaker  alludes  in  his  History  of  Craven.  A 
mine  from  which  silver  was  derived  was  discovered  upon  his  estate  in 
Craven,  and  Pudsay  yielded  to  the  temptation  and  invaded  the  preroga- 
tive of  royalty.  "Webster,  in  his  Metallurgies,  tells  us  how  "  one  Mr. 
Pudsay,  an  antient  esquire,  and  owner  of  Bolton  Hall  juxta  Bolland,  in 
the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  did  get  good  store  of  silver  ore  and  convert  it  to 
his  own  use,  or  rather  coined  it,  as  many  do  believe,  there  being  many 
shillings  marked  with  an  escallop,  which  the  people  of  that  country  call 
Pudsay  shillings  to  this  day."  The  offence,  however,  was  overlooked,  and 
the  culprit  was  permitted  to  go  down  to  his  grave  in  peace. 

To  that  grave  he  came  at  a  good  old  age,  with  his  children  and  his 
grandchildren  about  him.  His  eldest  son  had  died  before  him,  but  he 
had  still  a  very  numerous  family  to  carry  on  his  name  and  line.  In  his 
will,  which  is  dated  at  Bolton  on  12  August,  1629,  he  makes  abundant 
provision  for  his  children ;  but  the  order  which  he  makes  for  the  sale  of 
his  manor  of  Hackforth,  seems  to  shew  that  those  pecuniary  difficulties 
had  already  begun  which  obliged  his  grandson,  a  generation  afterwards, 
to  sell  his  estate  of  Barford. 

I  shall  not  now  bring  before  my  readers  the  history  of  his  many 
children,  as  they  are  not  mentioned  in  the  calendar  which  it  is  my  pre- 
sent object  to  illustrate.  To  his  brothers  and  their  descendants  I  shall 
now  revert.  Of  them  there  were  three— Henry,  Ambrose,  and  Thomas. 
Of  Henry  Pudsay,  the  eldest  of  the  three  brothers,  there  is  nothing 
known.  I  do  not  find  him  mentioned  in  the  wills  of  his  brethren,  and 
the  probability  is  that  he  died  in  early  life. 


THE  PUDSAYS  OF  BARFORD.  187 

The  will  of  Thomas  Pudsay  is  preserved  at  York,  and  is  dated  on 
Feb.  20,  1619-20.  It  appears  from  it  that  he  resided  at  Hackforth.  He 
leaves  all  his  lands  in  that  place,  in  which  Sir  Thomas  Metham,  Kt.,  Sir 
Thos.  Fairfax  of  Walton,  Kt.,  and  Anthony  Meynell  of  Kilvington, 
Esq.,  were  enfeoffed,  to  his  wife  for  her  life,  and  after  her  decease  to  his 
only  child,  Philippa  Pudsay,  with  remainder,  if  she  dies  issueless,  to 
Michael  Pudsay,  son  of  his  brother  Ambrose.  He  orders  his  lands  at 
Ainderby  and  Dalby  to  be  sold  by  his  executors,  Metham  and  Fairfax. 
On  May  31,  1620,  his  widow  administered  to  his  effects. 

I  now  come  to  the  remaining  brother,  Ambrose  Pudsay.  He  was  the 
owner  of  the  estate  of  Picton  in  Cleveland,  but  was  for  some  time  resi- 
dent at  High  Close,  in  the  parish  of  St.  John's,  Stanwick.  From  the 
position  which  he  occupies  in  his  mother's  will,  it  would  appear  that  he 
was  her  favourite  son.  He  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Anne, 
dau.  of  Robert  Place  of  Dinsdale,  Esq.,  the  widow  of  William  Dent  of 
Piersbridge,  gent.  By  her  he  had  an  only  daughter,  Elizabeth.  After 
the  death  of  his  first  wife,  which  happened  before  1612,  he  took  to  him- 
self a  second  consort,  Jane,  dau.  of  Edward  Wilkinson  of  North allerton, 
by  whom  he  left  three  children — a  son,  Michael,  and  two  daughters — 
Margaret,  who  married  Phillip  Anne  of  Frickley,  Esq.,  and  Catharine, 
the  wife  of  Robert,  second  son  of  Chr.  Place  of  Dinsdale,  Esq.  His 
will  runs  as  follows  : — 

June  23,  1623.  Ambrose  Pudsey  of  Picton — to  be  buried  at  the  plea- 
sure and  disposeing  of  my  freindes.  To  my  daughter  Elizabeth  Pudsey, 
which  I  had  by  my  first  wife,  110?.,  to  be  raised  out  of  my  goods  within 
three  yeares,  in  consideration  of  the  goodes  and  money  given  her  by 
Elizabeth  Pudsey,  her  grandmother,  late  of  Barforth,  deceased.  To  my 
wife,  Jane  Pudsey,  three  of  my  best  kyne.  To  my  mother-in-law,  Cici- 
lie  Eshall,  my  nephew  and  godsonne,  Richard  Mennell,  my  neece,  Phil- 
lipp  Pudsey,  and  to  my  sister,  Margaret  Trotter,  each  an  11*.  peece. 
To  everie  pore  bodie  in  Pickton,  6d.  To  my  daughters  Margaret  and 
Katherin  Pudsey,  each  60Z.,  in  consideration  of  the  legacies  given  them 
by  theire  grandfather,  John  Eshall,  deceased,  or  by  theire  grandmother, 
Elizabeth  Pudsey,  deceased.  I  give  40s.  to  be  bestowed  for  cawseing  of 
so  much  ground  and  mending  the  hie  way  lyeing  on  the  foreside  of  my 
dwelling  howse  and  frontstead  in  Picton. 

My  cosin  Mr.  John  Witham  of  Cliffe,  my  uncle  Anthonie  Metcalfe  of 
Audbrough,  my  cosin  Mr.  Lawrence  Saire  of  Worsall,  and  my  wife  Jane 
Pudsey,  executors.  My  wife  to  have  the  tuition  of  my  sonne  Michaell 
Pudsey.  The  residue  to  my  two  daughters.  [Proved  13  Feb.,  1623-4, 
and  administration  granted  to  the  executrix.] 

Michael  Pudsay,  his  only  son,  was  born  in  1618.  He  took  to  wife 
Mary,  second  dau.  of  Gerard  Salvin  of  Croxdale,  Esq.,  who  was  born  on 


188  THE  PUD  SAYS  OF  BARFORD. 

Feb.  24,  1618-19.  By  her  he  had  a  large  family.  When  the  great  re- 
bellion broke  out,  Michael  Pudsay,  with  the  rest  of  his  kinsmen  and 
connections,  supported  the  royal  cause.  He  suffered  severely  for  his 
loyalty.  By  the  Act  of  1652,  in  which  he  is  described  of  Middleton 
George,  all  his  lands  were  declared  to  be  forfeited  to  the  Commonwealth. 
Nor  were  his  kinsmen  more  fortunate.  One  or  two  of  the  sons  of 
"William  Pudsay  of  Bolton  were  killed  in  the  field.  His  cousin  Ealph 
Pudsay  of  Stapleton,  a  captain  in  the  royal  army,  was  killed  at  Naseby, 
and  the  Act  of  1652  took  away  his  estate  from  his  widow.  He  had 
made  himself  peculiarly  obnoxious  to  the  rebels  on  more  than  one  occa- 
sion. A  royalist  broadside,  issued  in  1640,  tells  us  "  how  about  a  hun- 
dred of  the  Scottish  rebels,  intending  to  plunder  the  house  of  M.  Pudsie 
(at  Stapleton),  were  set  upon  by  a  troupe  of  our  horsemen;  thirty-nine 
of  them  are  taken  prisoners,  the  rest  all  slaine  except  four  or  five  which 
fled,  whereof  two  are  drowned."2 

Michael  Pudsay,  however,  survived  these  commotions,  and  recovered 
his  confiscated  property.  When  Sir  William  Dugdale  made  his  Visita- 
tion of  Yorkshire  in  1665,  he  recorded  his  pedigree  before  him,  being 
then  resident  at  Lowfield.  He  had  five  children :  Thomas,  his  only 
son;  Mary,  who  was  22  years  of  age  in  1665  ;  Elizabeth,  was  was  born 
in  1648,  and  died  in  1731,  aged  83;  Margaret,  born  in  1652,  who  was 
buried  at  St.  Oswald's,  Durham,  21  July,  1717,  being,  as  the  Eegister 
calls  her,  "an  old  maid,  a  Papist;"  Anne,  born  in  1650-1;  Catharine, 
buried  fit  Forcett,  12  Aug.,  1661.  In  addition  to  these  children,  the 
parish  register  of  Forcett  informs  us  that  a  "  Mr.  Michael  Pudsey  of 
Lowfield  had  a  young  child  buried  9  Dec.,  1661." 

Thomas,  the  eldest  son  of  Michael  Pudsay,  was  21  years  of  age  in 
1665.  In  his  will,  dated  7  April,  1723,  which  was  proved  at  Durham, 
he  calls  himself  of  Blackwell  and  of  Picton.  It  is  a  short  and  uninte- 
resting document.  His  death  took  place  whilst  he  was  on  a  visit  to  his 
kinsmen,  the  Salvins  of  Croxdale,  and  his  bones  were  laid  beside  those 
of  his  sister  Margaret,  in  the  burial  place  of  that  ancient  house,  at  St. 
Oswald's  in  Durham,  on  the  20th  of  April,  1723. 

His  widow,  Mrs.  Lucy  Pudsay,  with  whose  maiden  name  I  am  not 
acquainted,  was  buried  at  Barnard-castle  on  May  3,  1724,  leaving  two 
children  behind  her,  Michael,  an  only  son,  and  Mary,  who  was  married 
at  Haughton  le  Skerne,  24  May,  1708,  to  an  ancestor  of  the  late  Baron 
Hullock,  William  Hullock  of  Barnard -castle,  merchant. 

Michael  Pudsay  administered  to  his  father's  effects  at  Durham  on 

2  Longstaffe's  Darlington,  133. 


THE  PUDSAYS  OF  BARFORD.  189 

Sep.  17,  1723,  having  at  that  time  his  residence  at  Staindrop.  Among 
the  papers  in  the  Crown  Office  at  Durham,  under  the  year  1710,  we  find 
that  one  Richard  Simpson,  of  Barnard-castle,  carrier,  was  sentenced  to 
be  burned  on  the  left  hand  for  committing  a  burglary  in  the  house  of 
Michael  Pudsay,  merchant,  in  Barnard-castle,  on  the  26th  of  Jan.  The 
thief  had  abstracted  a  silver  tankard,  worth  4£.,  six  table  spoons,  two 
pair  of  silver  cock  spurs,  a  silver  chain,  two  silver  seals,  nineteen 
yards  of  silver  lace,  six  laced  cravats,  and  IQl.  in  money. 

Of  the  history  of  this  the  last  of  the  Pudsays  of  High  Close  and  Low- 
field,  there  is  little  known.  He  had  two  sons,  both  of  them  bearing  his 
father's  name,  Thomas ;  both,  however,  died  young.  One  was  buried  at 
Barnard-castle  on  Feb.  9, 1707,  and  the  other  on  Aug.  9,  1719.  He  had 
two  daughters,  Catherine,  who  died  in  her  infancy  in  1720,  and  Mary, 
who  was  baptized  at  Eomaldkirk  Sep.  7,  1714.  I  have  every  reason  to 
believe  that  she  survived  all  her  family  and  connections,  and  died  in 
loneliness  and  poverty  at  Yarm,  about  the  year  1810,  the  last  person  who 
lore  the  time-honoured  name  of  Pudsay. 

The  mother  of  these  children  was  buried  by  her  husband  at  Staindrop 
on  the  31st  of  March,  1729.  He  survived  her  more  than  twenty  years. 
With  his  last  resting  place  I  am  not  acquainted  ;  but  it  is  probable  that 
he  was  laid  beside  his  wife.  He  was  close  upon  three  score  years  and  ten 
when  he  died.  Let  us  hope  that  his  last  days  were  not  embittered  by 
extravagance  or  shortened  by  want. 

In  the  Calendar  of  the  Book  of  Hours  which  had  descended  to  him 
from  his  ancestors  he  made  several  entries.  On  one  of  the  fly-leaves  he 
inscribed  the  complimentary  verses  upon  William  Pudsay,  Esq.,  which 
have  been  already  given,  and  below  them  he  has  written  as  follows : — 

As  below  was  found  wrote  on  a  grave  stone  in  Gainford  Church,  and 
taken  up  when  Mr.  Craddock  was  buried,  July  9,  1736. 

Hie  jacent  Dom8.  Willi'mus  Pudsey  Miles,  et  Elizabeth  uxor  ejus 
quorum  animabis  (sic)  propitietur  Deus.  Amen. 

This  monument  may  still  be  partially  seen  in  Gainford  Church.  It  was 
probably  entirely  uncovered  when  Mr.  Cradock  was  buried,  nor  can  we 
feel  surprised  at  finding  a  copy  of  the  inscription  in  the  handwriting  of 
Michael  Pudsay.  He  would  deem  it  worthy  of  being  recorded  in  the 
volume  in  which  there  were  so  many  notices  of  his  ancestors. 

After  the  death  of  Michael  Pudsay  in  1749,  this  volume,  in  all  proba- 
bility, passed  into  strange  hands.  In  1835  it  was  in  the  possession  of 
J.  Bawling  Wilson,  Esq.,  of  Newcastle-on-Tyne,  who  permitted  the  late 
VOL.  IT.  2  c 


190  THE  PUDS  AYS  OF  BARFORD. 

Sir  Cuthbert  Sharp  to  draw  up  that  imperfect  notice  of  its  contents 
which  is  to  be  found  in  the  Collectanea  Topographies,  ii.  1 76.  It  is  now 
in  the  possession  of  Captain  Ducane,  R.E.,  who  purchased  it  from  a  book- 
seller in  Newcastle,  and  kindly  allowed  the  extracts  to  be  made  which 
suggested  the  compilation  of  the  present  paper. 

.JAMES  RAINE,  JUN.,  M.A. 
York,  January,  1858. 


191 


TESTAMENTARY  CURIOSITIES. 

NUNCUPATIVE  WILLS. 

I  PROPOSE  in  this  paper  to  introduce  to  my  readers  a  class  of  wills  of 
peculiar  interest  and  novelty — I  mean  those  which  were  made  by  word 
of  mouth,  or,  in  a  single  word,  nuncupatively.  They  were  generally 
executed  by  persons  in  some  emergency,  or  in  the  extremity  of  sickness, 
when  writing  materials  could  not  easily  be  obtained,  and  the  testator 
entrusted  the  disposition  of  his  property  to  the  memory  of  the  by- 
standers. Before  the  reign  of  Elizabeth  such  documents  are  rarely  to 
be  met  with.  They  are  generally  brief,  but  they  are  very  interesting. 
The  prodigal,  the  profligate,  and  the  careless  come  before  us.  Here  is 
a  poor  person  who  is  stricken  with  the  plague,  and  fears  the  too  common 
end  of  that  awful  and  now  unknown  complaint.  Here  is  the  labourer 
arrested  by  the  hand  of  death  in  the  midst  of  his  employment,  and 
anxious  only  for  the  weal  of  his  wife  and  children.  Here  is  the  worldly- 
minded  man,  who  is  summoned  from  his  counter  to  the  grave,  and 
whose  thoughts  in  the  very  hour  of  death  are  fixed  upon  his  farm  and 
merchandise.  And  here,  again,  comes  the  aged  man  before  us  with  all 
his  childish  petulance  and  distrust,  brooding  still  over  some  imaginary 
wrong,  and  speaking  his  bitter  words  from  the  very  gates  of  the  grave. 
How  many  little  miniatures  are  here  before  us,  speaking  likenesses  of 
those  who  are  now  among  the  dead.  How  much  do  they  recall  to  us — 
how  many  memories  from  the  dead — how  many  warnings  to  the  living ! 
Here  is  the  account  of  an  old  man's  deathbed. 

Memorandum,  That  Richard  Watson  of  Catton  in  the  Countie  of 
Yorke,  yoman,  beinge  sicke  of  bodie  but  of  perfite  remembrance,  sente 
for  William  Speight  e  of  the  said  towne,  upon  Saterday,  the  xvth  day  of 
October,  Anno  Domini  1575,  betwene  vij  and  ix  of  the  clocke  at  nighte 
or  therabouts,  to  be  a  witnes  of  his  laste  will  and  testamente :  wher  at 
his  comminge  the  said  William  asked  the  said  Richard  Watson  how  he 
did,  and  the  said  Richard  awnswered  and  said,  "sicke,"  and  further 
said,  "  Thes  folkes  do  treble  me,  wolde  they  lette  me  alone  I  wolde  open 
my  mynde  to  yowe  and  John  Johnson ;  "  the  said  Speighte  aunsweringe 
said,  "Richarde,  I  will  tarrie  with  yow  a  good  while,  you  shall  have 
leysure  enoughe,  lette  the  folkes  goe  furthe,  and  putte  the  candle  from 
your  eyes  and  se  yf  you  can  sleep  a  litle,  and  I  will  come  to  yowe 


192  TESTAMENTARY  CURIOSITIES. 

agane."  And  then  the  said  "William  wente  oute  of  the  celler  into  the 
fier  house  and  tarried  furthe  aboute  thre  quarters  of  an  ower,  or  ther- 
abouts :  after  which  tyme  he  called  for  the  said  Speighte  and  the  said 
John  Johnson,  who  wente  into  the  celler  to  hym,  and  the  said  John 
Johnson  said,  "  Goodman  Watson,  hear  is  Mr.  Speighte  and  I,  what  is 
yourmynde?"  the  said  Richard  Watson  answering  said,  "  The  false 
preiste  haythe  deceaved  me."  The  said  Speighte  then  awnswering  said, 
"Richarde,  wherein."  Then  the  said  Richarde  aunsweringe  said, 
"  They  say  I  have  gyven  my  childe  nothinge,"  poynting  his  hand  to  a 
litle  girle  called  Eliz:  Foxton,  whom  he  was  grandfather  unto,  then 
standinge  by  the  said  Speighte,  which  girle  he  had  broughte  upp  from 
her  infancie,  which  girle  of  custom  did  call  hym  father,  and  he  called 
her  his  childe  of  like  custome,  and  which  girle,  as  it  is  notoriouslie 
knowen,  he  loved  above  all  other.  Then  the  said  Speight  aunsweringe 
said,  "  Richarde,  what  do  you  give  her  ?"  The  said  Richard  Watson 
then  aunsweringe  said,  "I  give  her  my  howse  and  the  four  crofts  to 
yt."  Then  quoth  the  said  Speighte,  "  Richarde,  and  what  els  do  you 
give  her  ?"  Then  the  said  Richarde  Watson  aunsweringe  said,  "  Even 
all."  Then  the  said  Speighte  aunsweringe  said,  "  Richard,  is  it  not 
your  will  and  playne  meaninge  that  your  wife  and  this  childe  shalbe 
your  executors,  and  that  they  two  shall  have  the  bennefitte  of  your 
goods  ? "  Then  the  said  Richarde  Watson  aunsweringe,  as  it  semed 
with  a  more  gladnes  of  mynde  for  the  expressinge  of  the  premisses, 
sayinge,  "Yes,  yf  yt  were  worthe  ten  thowsand  millions."  Then  and 
ther  beinge  presente  the  said  William  Speighte,  John  Johnson,  Alice 
Speighte,  wife  of  the  said  William  Speighte,  Isabel  Harison,  Anne 
Rodley,  John  Rodley,  Richarde  Caid,  Vid.  Smeton,  Margaret  Mathewe, 
wife  of  Henry  Mathewe,  John  Smeton,  and  Roberte  Clarke  yonger, 
and  diverse  others.  And  after  the  said  will  was  thus  ended  and  maid, 
ther  came  in  Isabell  Smeton,  wife  of  John  Smeton  and  mother  in 
la  we  to  Roberte  Clarke  the  yonger,  and  said,  "  Goodman  Watson,  I 
pray  God  comforthe  yowe  and  sende  us  mery  metinge,"  or  suche  lyke 
wordes  in  effectt,  to  whom  the  said  Richarde  Watson  aunsweringe  said, 
"  They  budd  have  all,  they  budd  neide  have  all,"  meaninge  his  wyfe 
and  that  childe,  as  they  that  were  presente  did  understande  him,  and 
the  said  Smeton  wyfe  aunsweringe  agayne  said,  "And  very  good 
reason."— [Pr.  31  Dec.,  1575.] 

As  a  contrast  to  this,  I  shall  give  you  that  of  a  young  man,  one  of 
the  Richmondshire  family  of  Laton,  which  was  made  in  1577.  He  was 
probably  in  the  extremity  of  his  sickness  when — 

"Taking  his  father,  John  Laton,  by  ye  hande,  he  said,  Father,  I  do 
knowe  all  y*  I  have  came  by  you,  and  by  your  good  meanes,  and  there- 
fore I  frelie  leave  it  and  geve  it  all  to  you." 

Poor  young  man  !  he  was  the  heir  apparent  to  a  good  estate,  and  his 
father's  eldest  son.  Prom  his  inventory  we  learn  that  his  only  property 
was  his  dress,  valued  at  131  6s.  Sd.,  a  jewel  of  gold,  prized  at  the  some- 


NUNCUPATIVE  WILLS  193 

what  large  sum  of  10?.,  and  six  horses,  which  were  worth  30Z.  But  we 
gather  from  the  same  document  that  there  was  owing  to  him  the  large 
sum  of  5701.  10s.  Surely,  without  any  great  amount  of  ingenuity,  we 
may  fill  up  the  picture,  and  place  before  us  the  gallant,  gay  young  gen- 
tleman in  the  golden  days  of  Elizabeth,  free-handed  to  a  fault,  and  un- 
kind only  to  himself.  He  was  probably  fond  of  a  little  racing  too,  for 
Richmondshire  was  a  dangerous  neighbourhood,  and  we  find  that  he  was 
the  owner  of  six  horses.  I  have  seen  several  articles  of  attire  of  the 
Elizabethan  age,  which  have  descended  with  the  representation  of  the 
family  of  Laton  into  the  possession  of  the  present  Chancellor  of  Durham. 
Very  fair  they  are,  and  sparkling  with  embroidery ;  and^I  can  well 
imagine  what  a  gallant  show  young  Laton  would  make  when  he  ap- 
peared attired  in  them,  and  decked  with  his  golden  jewel,  upon  the 
great  race  course  upon  Gaterley  Moor,  which  is  close  to  his  own 
residence.  What  a  contrast  it  is  to  turn  from  this  to  the  few  affection- 
ate words  which  he  uttered  on  his  deathbed  to  his  sorrowing  father, 
who  had  summoned  two  of  his  old  servants  to  listen  with  himself  to  the 
last  words  of  their  youthful  master. 

Here  is  another  deathbed  scene. 

"  These  wordes  followinge  Rauffe  Byerly  of  Tuddo,  deceased,  of  per- 
fit  reason  and  memorie,  spoke  and  said  to  Raufe  Watson  and  Henrye 
Rychardson,  his  neighbers,  the  night  before  he  dyed,  viz.  vijmo  die  Octo- 
bris,  Anno  Domini  1573,  at  which  tyme  lyeng  secke  in  his  forehouse  at 
Tuddo,  willed  his  bodye  to  buryed  within  the  churche  of  Brauncepethe 
as  nighe  his  father  and  mother  as  convenientlie  myght  be,  and  witlid 
his  wyffe  to  make  an  arvaill  dynner  for  hym,  and  incontynentlie  after  he 
had  spoken  theis  words,  the  hickcoupe  troubled  him  so  core  that  the 
aforesaid  Rauffe  Watson  and  Henrye  Ry  chard  son  hard  hym  speake  no 
more  in  this  world." 

The  testator  had  barely  time  to  say  where  he  wished  to  be  buried, 
and  to  desire  that  there  should  be  a  dinner  at  his  funeral,  before  he 
became  speechless.  Few  people  who  have  witnessed  a  deathbed  can 
fail  to  know  what  the  hiccough  means. 

I  shall  now  give  you  a  few  instances  of  wills  which  were  made  when 
that  fearful  and  devastating  epidemic,  the  plague,  was  raging. 

Memorandum,  That  Nichols  Hedlie  of  Tanfield,  finding  him  selffe 
scant  well,  said  unto  me,  Robart  Archar,  curate  of  Tanfield,  and  to 
Thomas  Browen,  parishe  clarke  there,  these  words,  "  My  wyll  ys,  that 
yf  I  showld  catche  this  new  sickenes,  or  yf  God  showld  call  up  jn  me, 
then  my  will  ys  that  my  brother  Thomas  Hedly  shall  have  my  lease  of 
Tanfield  during  my  tearme,  yeres  and  interest."  These  words  he  spake 


194  TESTAMENTARY  CURIOSITIES. 

in  my  howse  the  ix  dale  of  Novembre,  1587,  And  in  his  syckenes  con- 
fessed to  hys  syster  Barbary  Hedlye,  alias  Sotherne,  iilsoe.  By  me, 
Robart  Archer,  curate  of  Tanfield — Thomas  Brown. 

Md.  That  Bryane  Gule,  lait  of  Blackwell,  within  the  parische  of 
Darneton,  about  the  second  or  thirde  weeke  in  Lent,  last  past,  then  be- 
ing sicke,  but  of  perfect  mynde  and  memorie,  and  being  asked  by  one 
Thomas  Addie,  to  whome  he  wovld  give  his  goods  if  he  died,  the  said 
Brvane  answered  and  said,  that  "he  wowldgive  all  his  goods,  if  it  weare 
mo*re,  to  Mr.  Garnett  and  Mrs.  Garnett,"  (meaning  Mr.  Bartholmewe 
Garnett  and  his  wiffe,)  and  said,  "it  was  all  to  litle  for  them,  for  they 
had  bene  his  and  his  wives  succor  in  ther  sicknes  :"  And  about  one  or 
two  dayes  after  he  died,  then  and  ther  being  presentt  the  said  Thomas 
Addie,  nowe  dead,  William  "Wild,  Thomas  Kendall,  Elizabethe  Lyne, 
and  others. — [Pr.  159?,  June  25.] 

Aug.  3,  1604.  Barbarey  Errington  of  the  citty  of  York,  spinster, 
being  sick  and  a  plague  sore  risen  upon  her,  being  asked  by  her  mother 
howe  she  would  give  her  porcion,  she  aunswered,  she  would  give  all  to 
her  father  and  mother.  Her  mother  said  "  They  neded  it  not,"  there- 
fore asked  her  if  she  would  give  Elizabeth  Tebb  xZ.  She  aunswered 
'  Noe,  she  gave  me  noe  warme  drinck  when  she  demaunded,  therefore 
she  should  not  have  soe  much,"  but  her  mother  said  she  should  give 
her  Wl 

Thursday  evening,  July  3,  1623.  Edward  Buckle  of  Yorke,  glover, 
willed  that  his  two  apprentices  or  servants,  John  Robinson  and  Thos. 
Hunter,  should  have  all  his  apperell  (except  his  two  gownes)  and 
willed  withall  that  they  would  see  two  glasses  of  phisicke  or  oyntment 
which  he  had  from  the  doctors  to  be  satisfied  and  paid  for. 

The  next  instance  is  still  more  curious.  The  testatrix  was  a  person 
bearing  my  own  name,  and  lived  at  Richmond,  in  Yorkshire.  On  Sun- 
day afternoon,  the  18th  of  May,  1645,  between  three  and  five,  her 
house  in  Bargate  being  shut  up  on  account  of  the  plague,  she  sent  for 
her  lawyer,  who  stood  below  her  in  the  street  while  she  made  her  will 
to  him  from  the  open  casement.  On  the  following  Saturday,  the  testa- 
trix having  died  in  the  interim,  her  will  was  proved,  the  writer  of  the 
will  informing  us  that  he  himself  and  every  legatee  in  that  document 
had  been  shut  up  in  their  own  houses  whilst  the  pestilence  was  raging. 
Those  who  have  read  the  fabled  narrative  of  Defoe,  and  have  looked 
into  the  annals  of  the  plague,  can  form  some  notion  of  the  terror  and 
consternation  of  those  days,  when  the  cross  marked  in  red  upon  the 
doors  told  the  wayfarer  that  the  hand  of  death  was  within  the  house. 
Bitterly,  indeed,  did  the  little  town  of  Richmond  suffer  from  its  vio- 
lence. Three-fourths  of  its  population  were  destroyed.  The  sufferers 
were  interred  upon  the  north  side  of  the  church,  and  these  fearful  visit- 


NUNCUPATIVE  WILLS.  195 

ations  were  remembered  even  at  the  close  of  the  last  century,  for  even 
at  that  time,  curiously  enough,  every  one  refused  to  be  buried  upon  that 
side  of  the  church,  "  for  fear  they  should  let  out  the  plague." 

The  following  copies  or  extracts  from  nuncupative  wills  are  thrown 
into  chronological  order,  and  given  without  comment.  They  are  de- 
rived from  many  sources,  and  none  of  them  have  been  printed.  Large 
additions  might  be  made  to  the  list. 

Memorandum,  That  I,  Francis  Birnand,  lait  of  Knaresbrughe, 
Esquiere,  beyng  of  perfect  mynde  and  memoiye,  upon  the  xxvth  day  of 
November,  being  Mundaye,  and  about  xj,  xij,  or  one  of  the  clocke  the 
same  daye,  beyng  mov'd  by  his  cosing  Eichard  Hudson  to  make  his 
will,  did  answeare  that  he  had  maid  his  will,  and  had  mayd  his  brother 
Bichard  Birnand  his  sole  and  full  executor,  and  had  geven  hym  all  his 
leases  and  goods,  and  to  his  brother  William  Birnand  xxfo'.,  and  to  his 
brother  Edmund  iij^'.,  and  to  his  sister  Susan  Ixxfo'.,  and  to  Bell 
Linghram  Crokesnabbe  his  farme.  After  which  words,  stayinge,  he  said 
"but  I  shall  charge  hym  (meaninge his  executor)  verry  sore,"  and  then 
required  he  might  have  rest  to  slepe.  And  after  about  thre  of  ye  clocke, 
after  the  gyfte  of  a  lease  to  Myles  Burnet  and  his  wife  of  their  farme, 
beinge  moved  agayne  by  ye  above  named  Eichard  Hudson  to  declare 
further,  yf  he  would,  towching  his  will,  he  declared  and  sayd  agayne, 
"  That  his  will  then  was  that  his  brother  Eichard  should  have  all  his 
leases,  and  be  his  sole  executor."  And,  after  about  five  of  ye  clocke, 
being  moved  by  Mr.  Nettelton  to  make  a  further  declaracion  of  his 
mynd  for  ye  gyfte  of  xxfo'.  to  his  brother  William,  yt  shuld  be  xxfo*.  by 
yeare.  And  for  how  manye  yeares,  he  said  these  wordes,  or  ye  like  in 
effect,  "  xxfo*.  ye  yeare,  that  is  muche,  stay,  maisters,  I  am  not  able  to 
expresse  my  mynd." — [Prob:  18  December,  1582.] 

An.  1586.  Memd.  That  ye  fifte  daie  of  April,  John  Greane,  ly- 
inge  at  ye  poynte  of  death,  did  aknowledge  himself  to  owe  unto  Alis 
Greane  his  sister  xj*.,  and  his  will  was  that  his  wyffe  showld  paye  unto 
her  (if  hit  pleased  God  to  take  him  hence)  that  said  xjs.,  and  ix«.  more^ 
so  xx*.  in  the  whole.  Then  I  demandid  of  him  what  other  depts  he 
awght,  and  he  wold  name  non  particuler  to  me  save  his  rente,  but  said 
as  for  other  depts  his  wyffe  knew  thereof  and  wolde  pay  all.  Now  his 
will  was  that  Cicle  his  wife  should  have  his  goodes  and  paye  his  depts 
withall,  and  to  live  upon,  etc*  More  in  this  behalf  I  can  not  testifye, 
for  I  was  called  sodenly  to  him  and  he  was  nigh  spent  when  I  cam  to 
him,  yet  of  perfect  remembraunce  to  my  perseveraunce,  and  I  departed 
not  from  him  so  longe  as  any  lyffe  remayned  in  him.  Per  me  Thomam 
Brugendm'  curattum  de  Eichmond. 

Memorandum.  That  the  xixth  daie  of  February e,  1586,  Ealffe  Ewrie 
of  Edgnoll,  within  the  dioces  of  Durham,  esquier,  beinge  sicke,  did  of 
him  selffe  will  his  father-in-law,  Thomas  Turner,  to  tarrye  a  little,  and 
he  wold  make  his  will,  the  which  the  said  Thomas  Turner  willed  him 


196  TESTAMENTARY  CURIOSITIES. 

to  doo,  where  uppon  the  said  Ealffe  Ewrie  beinge  of  perfett  minde  and 
memory,  by  worde  of  mowthe  said  as  folio wethe :  "I  have  no  lands, 
but  all  my  goodes,  bothe  moveable  and  unmoveable,  I  give  unto  my 
wiffe,"  meaninge  Barbara  his  wieff;  and  then  did  the  said  Thomas 
Turner  saie  unto  him  the  said  Ealffe  Ewrie,  "  Is  there  non  other  unto 
whome  you  will  give  any  of  your  goodes?"  who  aunswered  and  said, 
"Never  one  penye  of  my  goodes  will  I  give  to  anye  but  to  my  wieffe 
onlie."  Then  there  beinge  three  wittnesses,  viz.,  Thomas  Turner,  Ealffe 
Wawen,  and  Leonard  Jackson. 

1587.  About  Myehaelmas.  George  Lampleughe  of  Cockermouth, 
Esquier,  beinge  sicke  in  his  bodie  and  myndfull  of  his  mortalitie,  said, 
"All  that  I  have  whatsoever  I  give  unto  Elline  my  wyfe,  thinkinge 
that  they  are  all  over  little  for  her,  and  yf  I  had  more  she  should 
have  yt." 

Nov.  7,  1608.  Henrie  Lindley,  Knight,  of  Middleham  Castle,  to  be 
buried  in  the  church  or  chancell  of  Middleham.  To  Jeronima  my  wife 
and  ladie  all  my  parks  and  possessions  of  Middleham  and  the  Castle  of 
Middleham,  &c.,  for  her  life.  "Witnesses,  Sir  Charles  Wren,  Knight, 
Henrie  Paget. 

On  the  same  day,  aboute  one  quarter  of  an  houre  after,  he  gave  to  his 
nephew  Edward  Hoppie  601.  out  of  Wodroffe  in  Kent  during  all  the 
terme  of  his  lease  thereof,  which  request  was  then  in  the  lifetyme  of 
the  said  Sir  Henrie  Linley  putt  in  writing.  On  the  same  day,  aboute 
eleven  of  the  clocke,  he  did  give  to  his  servant  John  Sarkey  100Z. ;  and, 
a  little  after,  he  did  give  to  John  Coxe  his  servant  the  lodge  in  the  west 
parke  of  Middleham,  &c.,  for  his  life ;  and,  about  one  o'clocke,  he  gave 
to  Wm.  George,  Lawr:  Fishenden,  and  Thomas  Denison,  40£.  each,  and 
to  Thos.  Todd,  2Ql  A  little  after  he  gave  to  his  sister,  Mrs.  Stubley, 
501.,  and  on  the  same  day  he  gave  to  everie  one  of  his  women  servants 
51.  each. 

^ April  11,  1611.  Eobert  Best  of  Kepeswick,  labourer,  left  all  to  his 
wiefe  Barbaric  Best,  charginge  her  to  pay  all  his  debts  and  to  bring 
him  honestly  furthe  att  his  buryali,  and  thereupon  called  for  drinck  and 
willed  Thomas  Nelson  to  drincke  with  him. 

About  19  March,  1609.  Wm.  Eranckelande  of  Glaisdale,  par.  Danby, 
left  his  farme,  &c.,  to  Agnes  his  wife,  whether  she  would  marie  to  the 
said  farme  or  give  consent  that  her  sonne  Thomas  should  marrie  to  the 
same. 

^  Aug.  5,  1622.  "William  Bethell  of  Yorke,  gent.,  said  that  he  had 
given  all  to  Elizabeth  his  wife,  and  she  and  noe  other  should  have  all 
that  ever  he  had  to  be  at  his  dispose;  whereat  Wm.  Knight  replied, 
sayeing  that  "  Sir  Walter  Bethell,  kt.,  would  expecte  to  have  some 
thinge  after  his  death,  and  might  trouble  and  molest  his  said  wife  for 
the  same,"  to  which  the  said  Wm.  answered  that  Sir  Gualter  Bethell, 
kt.,  nor  any  of  his,  should  ever  have  any  parte  of  his  goods. 


NUNCUPATIVE  WILLS.  197 

March  13,  1621-2.  Amer  Walton  of  Tadcaster— beinge  demaunded 
by  Doiothie  Beane  whether  he  would  give  anie  legacie  or  anie  parte  of 
his  goods  to  any  of  his  freinds,  replied  and  said,  that  his  wife  Katherine 
should  have  the  lease  of  his  house  and  all  that  small  goods  that  hee  had, 
affirmeinge  that  it  was  all  to  litle  for  her  maintenance,  she  beinge  both 
ould  and  laime. 

The  maner  in  what  words  Mr.  Edward  Conyeres  of  Hoppon  did  make 
in  worde  his  last  will  and  testement,  uppon  the  submession  of  his  sone 
Ho:  Conyeres,  to  him  of  his  knees,  the  fourth  day  of  March,  1622,  in 
the  pressint  of  Thomas  Bradforth,  Robert  Conyeres,  his  wyfe  Thomas- 
son  Conyeres,  Ed:  Ogell,  Richard  Haine,  and  Jane  Horsly,  in  maner  and 
forme  following : — 

First  he  begune  to  relat  how  all  was  his  and  corned  by  his  meanes, 
and  that  the  full  power  was  in  him  to  dispose  as  he  pleassed,  and  it  was 
answard  both  by  his  wyfe  and  otheres  ther  pressent,  that  it  was  trew  all 
was  his  and  corned  by  his  meanes ;  then  he  repleyed  that  his  wyfe  showld 
have  the  thirdes  of  all  his  landes  dewering  his  lyfe,  and  that  she  showld 
have  the  hulfe  of  all  his  goods  and  chatalles,  movabell  and  unmovable, 
and  that  the  boy,  meneing  his  granchyll,  Edward  Conyeres,  showld  have 
tine  powindes  a  yere,  and  that  his  said  wyfe  showld  have  the  tewession 
of  the  boye,  and  that  the  said  boy,  Ed.  Conyer,  should  have  the  inheri- 
tance of  his  landes  after  his  father,  Ro:  Conyeres  his  death.  Whear- 
npon  Tho.  Bradforth,  his  wyfe,  and  his  son  Ro:  did  all  give  him  thanks, 
and  Thomas  Bradforth  called  for  the  former  will,  which  was  syned  and 
sealled,  and  asked  the  said  Edward  Conyeres  whether  he  showld  pull  of 
the  seall  thearof  from  his  former  will,  and  he  answared,  "Yes;"  whear- 
upon  the  said  Thomas  Bradforth,  in  the  sight  of  the  said  Ed.  Conyeres, 
did  according  to  his  mynd  pull  from  the  former  will  the  seall  therof  and 
therew  it  in  the  fyre,  and  so  cansselled  the  forsaid  will  to  make  it  frus- 
terat,  and  this  was  all  doune  in  the  pressint  of  us  whose  names  and 
markes  ar  heanmto  set,  the  day  and  year  first  above  written.  Tho: 
Bradforth,  Thomazin  Conyers,  Robert  Conyers,  Edward  Ogell,  Richard 
Haine,  Jane  Horsly. 

Robert  Phenicke,  gent.,  late  of  Scarborough,  On  Monday  and  Tues- 
day, 29th  and  30th  March,  1624,  beeing  in  the  house  of  Ann  Tole  of 
Thorneton,  and  then  aged  and  weake  in  bodie  through  divers  infirmities, 
taking  occasion  to  speake  of  Thomas  Salvin  of  Thornton,  gent.,  whom 
hee  acknowledged  himselfe  to  be  greatlye  affected  unto,  in  regard  of 
divers  kind  passages  and  freindship  betwixt  them,  did  voluntarilye  saye, 
that  hee  did  give  unto  the  said  Thomas  Salvin,  gent.,  tenn  peeces, 
meaneing  thereby  tenn  poundes,  and  did  further  saye  that  hee  would 
make  him  and  that  hee  should  bee  as  his  child  at  the  tyme  of  his 
death,  meaneing  thereby  that  hee  should  have  all  or  the  most  parte  of 
his  estate,  as  the  witnesses  who  were  then  present  and  heard  his  said 
speech  did  verilie  beleeve  and  conceive  thereof;  and  the  rather  for  that 
the  said  deceased  did  reiterate  and  use  the  same  words  in  the  town  of 
Scarborough,  some  five  or  six  weeks  before  his  death. 

VOL.  II.  2  D 


198  TESTAMENTARY  CURIOSITIES. 

1625.  George  Atherton  of  Foxton,  beeing  visited  with  sicknes,  about 
two  or  three  daies  next  before  his  death,  beeing  in  his  chamber  at  Fox- 
ton,  did  say  that  hee  did  not  well  knowe  what  his  filiall  and  childes 
porcion  and  rights  was,  but  he  gave  it  freelie  to  his  mother,  sayeing 
further  of  his  said  mother,   and   acknowledging   that   hee  had  often 
offended  her,   and  thereupon  craved  pardon  at  her  handes,  and  did 
entreat  her  that  shee  would  cause  a  bridge  to  be  made  and  laid  over 
Barton  Sike  to  helpe  poore  people  over  the  becke  when  the  water  was 
upp  and  high,  which  otherwise  would  cause  the  poore  people  to  goe  farr 
about. 

1625-6.  29  March.  Thos.  Bower,  curat  of  Treeton,  Notts.  To  his 
cozen  Wm.  Bower  and  his  son  an  English  Testament  with  singinge 
psalmes.  To  sunderie  younge  folkes  certaine  Englishe  bookes,  and  his 
will  was  further  that  all  his  godchildren  should  be  remembered  with 
somethinge. 

1626.  Raiphe  Thriske  of  Skitby,  clerke,  aboute  Cristenmas  two  yeares 
before  his  death.     To  his  godsonne  Raiphe  Thriske  his  purse  and  his 
ring  and  all  his  bookes.     All  the  rest  he  gave  to  his  brother  Thomas 
Thriske,  and  said  "  all  was  to  little  for  him,"  sayeing,  "  he  might  have 
layd  in  the  streete  but  for  him  ;  "  and  upon  the  day  wherein  he  dyed, 
viz.,  upon  Sunday  the  vth  of  March  last,  he  sent  for  the  said  Thos.  and 
gave  him  the  key  of  his  chist  and  bayd  him  give  him  a  capp,  and  said 
that  he  gave  him  the  said  key  in  possession  thereof. 

1627.  15  April.  John  Dowthwaite  of  Westhome,  the  younger,  gent., 
beeing  sick  in  bodie,  did  say  "  I  give  all  whatsoever  is  due  unto  me  unto 
my   grandmother,"  sayeing  further,  "yea,  if  it  were  a  thousand  times 
more,  God  defend,  who  should  have  it  else  ? " 

1627.  May  16.  Jennet  Acy  of  Kirkeby,  spinster.  She  did  give  to 
Peter  Acye  one  bee  stall,  and  to  his  two  girles  one  redd  whie  in  the 
"Would  carr  to  make  them  a  cowe  betwixt' them.  To  Wm.  Acy  her  two 
acres  of  land  with  the  arders.  The  rest  she  did  give  to  the  said  William 
Acy  her  brother,  and  tooke  him  by  the  hand  and  said  "  Billie,  thou  art 
worthie  to  have  it  all." 

1635.  Apr.  9.  Robert  Spender  of  the  cittie  of  York,  being  sick  in 
body,  but  of  perfect  remembrance,  was  demaunded  by  Frances  Killing- 
worth  of  the  said  citty,  widow,  how  he  ment  to  dispose  of  the  meanes 
God  had  lent  him  in  case  he  should  dye  of  that  sicknes,  and  whither  he 
would  make  a  will  in  writeinge  or  noe,  his  answeare  was,  that  for  other 
will  he  would  make  none  saveing  that  he  did  give  his  silver  buttons  to 
his  sonn  Thomas  if  he  were  liveing,  if  not  then  to  his  sonn  Francis. 
And  he  dyed  the  12  of  Aprill. 

Hemd.  That  Anthony  Midleton,  gent.,  late  of  Hartelpoole,  who  de- 
parted this  life  about  fower  months  since,  did  about  7  or  8  years  or 


NUNCUPATIVE  WILLS  199 

thereabouts  next  before  his  death  make  his  last  will  in  writing,  and 
signe  and  seale  it  in  the  presence  of  John  Heath,  Esq.,  Mrs.  Margeiy 
Linsey,  and  George  Midleton,  gent.,  and  it  was  delivered  to  the  said  Mr. 
Heath  to  be  kept  by  the  directions  of  the  said  testator,  but  the  same 
since  is  accidentally  lost,  and  for  the  present  cannot  be  found ;  and  in 
that  last  will  was  given  to  Geo.  and  Eliz.  Midleton,  children  of  Mr.  Geo. 
Midleton,  one  of  the  witnesses  aforenamed,  being  his  kinsman,  20  mki  a 
peece,  and  the  said  Mr.  George  Midleton  averreth  that  to  the  best  of  his 
now  remembrance  he  gave  to  his  dau.  Dor.  Midleton  100Z.,  and  he  no- 
minated Mrs.  Jane  Midletou,  who  was  then  his  wife,  but  afterwards 
dyed  before  the  said  testator,  sole  executrix. — Geo.  Myddleton. — [Pr. 
30  Jul.  1649,  and  adm.  to  Dor.  M.  his  dau.] 

1660.  July  4.  William  Calverley  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  (for  which 
town  he  was  M.P.),  dying  in  the  parish  of  St.  Andrew's,  Holburn,  said, 
"  Brother  Ralph  (speaking  unto  his  brother,  Mr.  Kalph  Grey,  then  pre- 
sent), I  will  that  you  have  a  care  of  my  said  mother,  Mrs.  Barbara  Grey 
of  Newcastle,  for  I  give  all  unto  my  said  mother,  and  tell  her  I  am  her 
dutifull  son." 

1671-2.  20  March.  Eichard  Tothall,  late  chaplin  of  His  Majesties 
shipp  the  Crowne  Friggott,  batchellour,  being  att  the  house  of  Captaine 
John  Tonge,  in  the  parish  of  St.  Gyles  in  the  Feilds,  in  the  county  of 
Middlesex,  and  in  his  perfect  minde  and  memory,  but  ready  to  goe 
aboard  the  aforesaid  shipp  or  friggott,  did  say,  "  If  I  dye  before  my 
returne  I  doe  give  all  that  I  have  in  the  world  either  bookes,  money,  or 
pay,  to  my  nephew  John  Tonge,  my  sister's  sonne,  and  make  him  my 
heire." 

1672.  April  3.  Katheren  Gilpin  of  Kentmere  Hall,  "Westmerland. 
"  My  will  is  soone  made,  for  all  that  I  have  I  give  and  bequeath  to  my 
maid  Jane  Hodgson,  and  she  to  see  me  buryed  in  Lord  Parke's  (sic}  quire 
in  Kendall  Church,  and  all  dues  to  be  paid  for  the  same." 

1673-4.  March  1.  John  Stoope  of  Gateside,  co.  Durham.  "If  it 
please  God  I  never  returne  (hee  being  takeing  a  voyage  to  sea),  my  will 
is  that  all  I  have  in  this  worlde  shall  be  equally  divided  amongst  yow 
my  executors,"  meaning  Thos.,  Tomasin,  Anne  and  Alice  Stoupe,  his 
brothers  and  sisters. 

1673-4.  March  16.  Susanna  Topham,  par.  St.  Giles  in  the  Feilds, 
widow,  being  asked  whether  the  590£.  which  remained  to  her  of  the 
house  in  Yorkshire,  which  she  had  given  to  Edward  Nicholson,  a  minor, 
should  goe  to  him,  she  said  "  Ai,"  and  being  asked  further  whether  shee 
did  intend  her  two  daughters  to  have  her  personall  estate,  she  said, 
"  Ai,  ai,  all  but  my  wedding  ring  to  my  sonne." 

1674.  31  August.  Mr.  Henry  Lascells  of  Ayryholme,  par.  Hovingham, 
gen.  Eight  dayes  before  his  death,  haveing  formerly  made  his  will  in 


200  TESTAMENTARY  CURIOSITIES. 

writeing,  did  call  for  it,  which  being  brought  unto  him,  he  declared  that 
the  same  was  contrary  to  what  he  had  promised  his  wife  upon  marriage, 
and  therefore  he  would  and  did  destroy  and  cancell  it,  and  gave  all  he 
had  to  his  wife. 

1673.  Latter  end  of  July.  Mr.  George  Shuttleworth,  merchant,  in 
England,  sometimes  of  Aysterley,  co.  Lancaster,  and  lately  residing  at 
Stockholme  in  the  kingdom  of  Sweedland.  His  nephew  Wm.  to  be  his 
exr.,  paying  such  legacies  to  his  kindred,  frinds,  and  a  free  schoole  in 
Lancashire,  as  he  had  made  knowne  to  Mr.  Thos.  Erere  and  Mr.  Wm. 
Smith,  English  merchants  residing  with  him  at  Stockholme. 

1673-4.  Jan.  23.  Henry  Gill  of  Benwell,  in  the  chapelry  of  St. 
John's,  Newcastle-on-Tyne.  "All  that  I  have  I  give  to  my  wife, 
and  neither  the  Gills  nor  the  Bells  shall  have  one  groate  of  my  estate." 

Nor  must  the  ladies  be  forgotten,  for  they  could  make  nuncupative 
wills  as  well  as  their  lords.  With  them,  frequently,  the  only  thing  to  be 
left  was  their  wedding-ring  or  some  article  of  apparel.  One  of  the  most 
interesting  and  aifecting  documents  of  the  kind  that  I  ever  met  with  is 
the  following : — 

"Upon  Mounday,  after  twelve  of  the  clocke  at  night,  21  June,  1630, 
Agnes  Gascoigne  of  Otley,  widdowe,  lyeing  sicke,  upon  the  sicknesse 
whereof  she  dyed,  sent  for  John  Eisheworth,  gent.,  her  brother,  to  come 
to  speake  with  her,  he  being  then  at  the  house  of  Anthonie  Hirst  of 
Otley,  who  then  presently  came  to  her  where  she  lay,  and  said,  '  Sister, 
I  pray  you  be  good  to  your  servants,'  to  which  she  answered,  '  What 
would  you  have  me  to  doe  ?'  to  which  he  replyed,  '  I  would  have  you 
to  give  to  Alice  Gascoigne  Wl,  to  Ester  (meaning  Ester  Streete)  5J., 
and  to  Anne  (meaninge  Anne  Laicocke)  40s. ;'  to  which  she  answered 
and  said,  '  Yes,  with  all  my  hearte.'  And  further  she  said,  '  I  give 
either  of  my  cosen  Hoppeys  (meaninge  Nicholas  and  Mathew  Hoppey, 
gent.),  5s. ;  and  I  forgive  you,  brother  Risheworth,  all  that  is  betwixt 
us,  and  I  make  you  my  whole  executor  of  all  that  I  have.  And  soe, 
good  brother,  lye  your  cheeke  to  myne,'  which  he  accordingly  did,  and 
then  she  said  '  Good  night.'  Whereupon  the  said  Mr.  Risheworth  tooke 
a  cup  and  drunke  to  her,  and  she  then  drunke  and  pledged  him." 

What  parting  could  be  more  affecting  ?  It  may  perhaps  seem  strange 
that  the  wine  cup  was  introduced,  but  the  brother  and  the  sister  were 
following  what  was  then  the  custom,  when  they  drank  to  their  happy 
meeting  in  another  world. 

Sondaye,  Dec.  15,  1605.  Margaret  Strangwayes  of  Galley  Greene, 
par.  Smeton,  widow.  All  to  Anne  Cooke,  her  sister's  daughter,  whom 
she  had  brought  up  in  her  house,  and  her  children,  and  did  say,  "  Good 
wives  and  good  maides,  for  the  passion  of  Christ,  remember  this,  I  doe 


NUNCUPATIVE  WILLS.  201 

give  my  lass  (meaninge  the  said  Anne  Cooke)  and  her  children  my  house 
and  all  that  I  have." 

June  3,  1623.  Alice  Hall  of  Long  Riston,  widow.  All  that  now  I 
have  I  give  to  my  sonne  Richard,  saieing  farther,  that  if  it  had  beene 
fifteene  tymes  as  much  she  did  thinke  it  to  litle,  and  hereupon  did  deli- 
ver unto  the  said  Richard  a  redd  flecht  cowe. 

1631.  23  Oct.  Marie  Rider,  alias  Swift,  late  of  Armthorp,  and  late 
wife  of  Robert  Rider,  Esq.,  and  dau.  of  Sir  Roberte  Swifte,  kt.,  late  of 
Doncaster,  deceased.  She  did  give  to  Eliz.  Hill  of  Mizen,  her  beaver 
hat  with  a  gould  band,  and  a  cambricke  apron  then  upon  her,  whether 
it  should  please  her  to  accept  of.  The  rest  to  her  loving  freind,  Francis 
Gresham  of  Armthorpe. 

When  we  have  such  examples  as  these  among  the  lower  grades  of  so- 
ciety, we  must  not  forget  that  some  of  the  noblest  in  the  land  set  them 
the  example.  I  can  give  you  instances  among  the  peers  spiritual  as  well 
as  temporal — so  common  was  it  to  defer  the  making  of  a  will  to  the  very 
close  of  even  a  long  life,  or  to  make  it  depend  upon  a  few  words,  per- 
haps hastily  spoken,  many  years  before. 

Such  an  instance  have  we  in  Emmanuel  Scrope,  the  Lord  President 
of  the  Great  Council  in  the  North,  He  had  been  recently  elevated  to  a 
higher  grade  among  the  peers  of  England,  by  the  title  of  Earl  of  Sun- 
derland,  but  he  left  no  son  to  carry  on  his  honours  after  him,  and  the 
title  expired,  as  it  began,  with  him.  He  had  been  in  a  decline  for  a 
long  while,  which  was  considerably  accelerated  by  a  blow  which  he  had 
received  whilst  he  was  playing  at  the  then  popular  game  of  football.  He 
languished  for  some  time,  and  died  in  the  autumn  of  1630,  the  last  noble 
in  his  illustrious  house. 

The  will  of  Jane  Countess  Dowager  of  Shrewsbury  was  made  in  the 
same  way  in  1625.  She  was  one  of  the  coheiresses  of  the  baronial 
family  of  Ogle,  so  renowned  in  Border  warfare,  and  was  allied  in  mar- 
riage with  Edward  Talbot,  the  eighth  and  last  earl  of  Shrewsbury  of  the 
ancient  line.  She  requested  that  her  body  should  be  interred  at  West- 
minster by  her  lord's  side.  The  residue  of  her  estate,  after  a  few  tri- 
fling legacies,  she  bequeathed  to  her  only  sister  the  Lady  Cavendish,  her 
executor,  and  in  conclusion  she  kissed  her  sister's  hand,  and  said,  "  I 
doe  seale  this  my  last  will  with  my  lippes." 

Through  that  sister  the  castle  of  Bothal  and  the  lordly  inheritance  of 
the  Ogles  has  descended  to  the  Ducal  house  of  Portland.  She  was  at 
that  time  a  widow,  and  had  made  her  own  will  in  the  preceding  year, 
not  hastily  like  her  sister,  but  slowly  and  discreetly  as  became  a  lady  of 
her  rank  and  greatness.  In  it  she  had  left  a  cup  of  gold  to  her  dear 


202  TESTAMENTARY  CURIOSITIES. 

sister  of  Shrewsbury.  There  is,  however,  many  a  slip  between  the  cup 
and  the  lip.  Lady  Shrewsbury  never  lived  to  receive  this  token  of  the 
love  of  her  only  sister,  who  followed  her  to  the  tomb  in  the  stately 
Abbey  of  Westminster.  They  were  a  pair  of  noble-hearted  sisters. 
They  had  suffered  and  they  had  lived  together.  Each  had  deserted  the 
North  for  a  Southern  home.  "  They  were  beautiful  in  their  lives,  and 
in  their  deaths  they  were  not  divided." 

Another  instance,  and  the  last  that  I  shall  give,  is  a  person  of  high 
rank  and  greatness — the  Primate  of  England — Dr.  George  Mountaigne, 
the  Lord  Archbishop  of  York.  He  came  to  York  in  1628,  having  pre- 
sided over  three  of  our  English  sees  before  that  time.  It  will  seem 
strange  that  he  was  ever  removed  to  York,  as  the  celebrated  Dr.  Mead, 
in  a  letter  which  describes  the  ceremony  of  his  translation,  says  of  the 
new  Primate,  "  His  Grace  of  York  carries  death  in  his  face,  and  looks 
as  though  he  cd  not  live  twelve  monthes  to  an  end.  He  was  brought 
and  carried  forth  in  his  chaire,  being  both  lame  and  deaf."  The  learned 
doctor's  fears  were  too  well  founded,  for  the  Archbishop,  as  Fuller  the 
historian  tells  us,  was  "  scarce  warm  in  his  church  before  he  was  cold 
in  his  coffin."  Exactly  four  months  after  this  letter  was  written,  the 
new  Primate  died.  The  only  will  he  left  behind  him  was  one  which  he 
executed  by  word  of  mouth  in  the  preceding  year,  when  he  was  Bishop 
of  London.  The  whole  of  his  estate  was  given  to  his  brother,  with  the 
exception  of  two  interesting  legacies ;  "he  willed  and  bequeathed  100?. 
unto  and  amongst  the  poore  people  of  Cawood,  where  he  was  borne,  and 
hee  also  gave  and  bequeathed  fower  rings  unto  fower  little  girles  whome 
his  lordshipp  had  used  to  call  his  wives."  Who  these  little  girles  were 
we  cannot  now  discover,  but  it  is  not  unreasonable  to  suppose  that  they 
lived  at  the  place  of  his  nativity.  He  had  risen  from  a  low  degree  to  a 
high  estate.  Fifty  years  before  his  death  he  was  a  poor  country  lad, 
running  about  Cawood  with  his  companions  and  schoolmates,  and  those 
days  seem  to  have  been  well  remembered  by  him.  In  the  church  of  his 
native  place  his  bones,  according  to  his  desire,  were  laid.  A  tablet  on 
the  wall  still  marks  the  place  of  his  interment.  He  is  the  only  worthy 
of  whom  that  little  town  can  boast,  but  it  may  well  be  proud  of  Arch- 
bishop Mountaigne. 

JAMES  RAINE,  JUN.,  M.A. 
York,  January,  1858. 


203 


IS  THE  CATHEDRAL  WITHIN  THE  CITY  OF  DUEHAM  ? 

THE  Castle  of  Durham  defends  the  land  approach  to  a  fortified  en- 
closure, all  the  other  walls  of  which  have  the  Wear  flowing  helow  them. 
To  the  founder  of  Framwellgate  Bridge  (Bp.  Flambard)  this  fortifica- 
tion owed  great  part  of  its  strength,  and  the  Place  Green  its  beauty. 
"  Urbem  licet  hanc  natura  munierit,  muro  ipse  reddidit  fortiorem  et 
augustiorem.  A  cancello  ecclesiee  ad  arcem  usque  castelli  producta 
muro  construxit  longitudine.  Locum  inter  ecclesiam  et  castellum,  quern 
multa  occupaverant  habitacula,  in  patentis  campi  redigit  planitiem ;  ne 
vel  ex  sordibus  contaminatio,  vel  ex  ignibus  ecclesiam  attingerent  peri- 
cula."  And  the  builder  of  Elvet  Bridge,  to  whom  the  burgesses  of 
Durham  owed  their  first  charter,  emulated  his  predecessor  in  the  Castle 
also,  "Murum  quoque  a  porta  aquilonari  usque  ad  australem  novum 
fecit." 

In  this  "  stately  close,"  which,  in  Leland's  opinion,  "  alonely  might 
be  called  the  walled  town  of  Durham,"  stood  the  church  and  cloister, 
which  of  themselves  were  "  very  strong  and  fair,"  the  various  buildings 
of  the  monastery  and  afterwards  of  the  college  of  Dean  and  prebendaries, 
the  churches  of  Saint  Mary-le-Bow  and  Saint  Mary-the-Less,  and  a 
street  immediately  parallel  with  the  eastern  wall,  of  houses  of  military 
tenants  holding  by  their  defence  of  the  castle.  Shut  out  locally  and  by 
its  use  from  the  houses  of  the  burgesses  (which  themselves  were  par- 
tially defended  by  a  second  line  of  fortification,  running  from  Elvet 
Bridge  by  the  "  Porta  de  Clayport,"1  to  the  north  side  of  St.  Nicholas' 
Church,  and  so  again  to  the  river,  by  the  neck  of  the  peninsula),  the 
enclosure  was  free  from  the  Mayor's  jurisdiction.  The  massive  Bailey- 
gate,  or  gaol,  which  stopped  his  worship's  progress,  stood  across  the 
street  where  the  line  of  demarcation  ran.  Within  the  close  an  inner 
wall  confined  a  still  more  distinct  locality,  approached  by  another  gate- 
way out  of  the  Bailey,  which  not  only  was  free  from  the  Mayor's  juris- 

1  In  1347  we  have  a  messuage  "  juxta  portam  de  Clayport  ex  opposit.  Eccles.  S. 
Nicholai,"  having  the  messuage  of  John  de  Eaby  on  the  south,  and  "  the  wall  of  the 
Borough  of  Durham  on  the  north. — See  Sur.  iv.,  ii.,  162. 


204        IS  THE  CATHEDRAL  WITHIN  THE  CITY  OF  DURHAM  ? 

diction,  but  was  also  extra-parochial,2  arid  this,  comprising  the  college 
and  the  church,  the  clergy  contended  was  not  within  the  city  or  its  su- 
burbs, or  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Incorporated  Companies.  The  burgesses 
denied  the  privilege,  and  treated  the  wall  of  the  larger  close  as  the 
"  ancient  city3  wall,"  ignoring  the  distinction  of  the  castle  walls.  The 
claim  for  exemption  of  the  lay-houses  of  the  Baileys,  which  were  not 
within  the  smaller  enclosure,  was  thought  to  be  of  still  more  doubtful 
validity.  The  defendants  in  the  following  suit  had  heard  that  they  were 
within  the  suburbs,  though  not  within  the  city  or  liberty  of  the  Mayor. 
Boldon  Buke  is  brief  and  obscure,  for  the  tenancies  of  Hatfield's 
Survey  would  not  have  arisen,  but  the  latter  document  places  it  beyond 
doubt  that  in  the  14th  century,  the  Borough  of  Durham,  which  then  as 
in  Pudsey's  time,  was  at  farm,  did  not  comprise  the  Baileys,  the  tenan- 
cies of  which  are  set  out ;  and  the  exception  went  further  than  the 
enclosure,  for  it  comprehended  various  tenements  (never  called  burga- 
ges)  to  the  north  of  it,  in  Sadlergate  and  other  places  in  the  moat4  which 
had  existed  across  the  peninsula,  but  was  now,  like  the  moat  of  New- 
castle, appropriated  for  domestic  purposes.5  So  the  Convent,  in  enu- 
merating their  possessions  in  1446,  mention  the  Borough  of  Durham 
distinctly  from  Old  Borough,6  Saint  Giles'  Gate,  and  the  North  and 
South  Baileys.  Bp.  Pilkington  incorporated  Framwellgate  with  the 
city,  but  no  mention  of  the  suburbs  is  made.  Neither  is  there  any  in 
Bishop  Matthew's  charter.  The  curriers  in  their  bye-laws,  indeed,  use 

2  Another  small  extraparochial  place  marks  the  site  of  the  gaol. 

3  The  word  City  was  used  in  two  senses.    In  its  confined  sense,  it  was  the  Borough. 
The  Burgus  of  Hatfield,  like  the  Civitas  of  Boldon  Book,  was  at  farm,  yet  in  both 
cases  the  whole  of  Durham  was  not  included.     The  exceptions  of  the  mills  and  hake- 
house  in  Boldon  Book  are  remarkable.    In  its  wider  and  popular  sense,  it  included  the 
town  generally.     In  this  paper,  where  the  boundaries  of  the  city  are  in  dispute,  the 
word  is  used  in  its  confined  sense. 

4  Sadler  Street  is  sometimes  called  Northgate   Street.     Reginald  Sesse  conveys 
"TJnam  sceldam  in  Yico  Sellarii,  contin.  septem  pedes  in  lat.  juxta  viam  regiam  et 
septemdecim  pedes  in  longit.  versus  Motem  Castri." — "  Unam  celdam  super  solarium 
Reginaldi  Sesse  in  Vico  Portae  Borealis  et  in  longit.  versus  Motam  Castri. — Sur.  iv., 
ii.,  164.     This  last  property  was  perhaps  not  on  the  Castle  Mote,  and  did  service  to  the 
Borough  and  the  Bishop.     Sadler  Street  seems  to  have  derived  its  appellation  from  a 
Ralph  Sadeler,  mentioned  in  Hatfield's  Survey  as  a  former  owner  of  property  in  it. 

6  1670.  Robert  Smyth  of  the  city  of  Durbam,  gent.,  and  Anne  his  wife,  Nicholas 
Palmer,  stone  mason,  and  various  other  persons  (all  described  as  not  of  the  city,  but 
as  of  Elvett  in  the  county  of  Durham),  dug  stones  in  a  piece  of  land  called  le  Banks, 
alias  le  Motesyde,  in  the  city  of  Durham,  so  near  to  a  house  belonging  to  Samuel  Mar- 
tin, clerk,  called  le  Gardenhouse,  alias  le  House  on  the  Wall,  that  the  same  house  and 
a  party  wall  of  stone  enclosing  its  garden,  fell  down.  Martin  brought  suit  and  had  a 
verdict.—/.  J.  Wilkinson's  MS S.y  vi.,  29.  .The  Moteside  Lane  (Forster's  Plan,  1754,) 
runs  from  the  Old  Gaol  to  Silver  Street,  outside  of  the  Castle  Wall. 

6  Given  by  Carileph  to  the  Convent  as  "  terra  ex  occidentali  parte  Dunelmi  ultra 
aquam  de  Were  usque  aquam  de  Brun."  The  boundaries,  as  fixed  by  Bp.  Bek,  are 
given  in  4  Sur.,  ii.,  135. 


IS  THE  CATHEDRAL  WITHIN  THE  CITY  OF  DURHAM  ?        205 

the  word,  and  the  question  arises,  not  whether  they  or  any  other  company 
could  so  enlarge  their  district,  for  their  powers  only  extended  to  the 
premises  of  Bishop  Pilkington's  charter,  but  whether  if,  in  the  event  of 
their  obtaining  the  Bishop's  confirmation,  his  power  of  creating  boroughs 
would  aid  them.  If  it  would,  the  intent  of  the  word  <•  suburbs"  would 
be  an  open  question,  but  it  is  believed  that  the  power  would  not  avail. 
Most  of  the  houses  in  the  Baileys  were  held  by  the  honorable  tenure  of 
castle-ward.  We  find  holders  by  military  service  obtaining  licences  to 
erect  boroughs  and  having  confirmations  of  them,  but  it  is  inconceivable 
that  a  military  holding  could,  at  the  caprice  of  the  Lord,  be  degraded  to 
a  burgage  tenure. 

If  the  case  were  so  with  ordinary  tenants,  much  stronger  would  appear 
to  be  the  position  of  the  owners  of  the  Church  and  College.  They  held 
an  imperium  in  imperio.  Bishop  Walcher  endowed  them  with  posses- 
sions, with  all  the  liberties  in  them  that  the  bishops  had  in  their  own 
lands ;  and  Bp,  Carileph,  on  their  removal  to  Durham,  gave  them  Elvet 
and  other  lands  free  from  all  episcopal  service.  The  King  released  to 
them  the  rights  of  the  Crown  in  all  their  lands,  present  or  of  future  ac- 
quisition, and  the  Bishop  confirms  the  King's  grant  of  a  court,  with  all 
royal  customs  which  were  granted  to  St.  Cuthbert  by  the  kings  of  Eng- 
land. Elvet  was  given  to  the  monks  for  the  express  purpose  of  having 
16  houses  of  merchants  for  their  own  use,  and  in  the  Bishop's  confirma- 
tion of  the  court,  the  words  "infra  burgum  et  extra"  are  used.  Under 
these  words  or  subsequent  powers  as  to  the  "New  Borough  in  Elvet- 
halch,"  conferred  by  Bishop  Pudsey,  the  Prior  had  a  Borough  in  Elvet, 
the  remainder  of  his  grant  there  being  called  the  Barony  of  Elvet.  Col- 
dingharn  says  that  Pudsey  had  erected  the  Borough  himself  and  yielded 
it  up,  on  finding  that  it  of  right  belonged  to  the  monks.  The  suburb  of 
Elvet  had  been  burned  by  Cumin,  and  perhaps  Carileph' s  Borough  pe- 
rished, if,  indeed,  it  over  existed  under  that  name.  Can  the  burgesses 
of  Durham,  who  also  procured  a  charter  from  Pudsey,  have  already  co- 
veted the  possession  of  the  new  foundation  of  Elvet?  The  case  much 
resembles  that  of  Newcastle  and  Gateshead. 

I  am  not  sure  that  there  ever  was  an  old  Borough  of  Elvet.  By  an- 
other charter  of  Carileph,  the  monks  had  acquired  property  on  the  north- 
west of  Durham,  which  became  the  Prior's  "  Old  Borough  of  Durham." 
The  charter  granting  it  only  mentions  the  church  of  Elvet  and  the  town- 
ship of  Shincliffe.  One  would  almost  suspect  an  equitable  exchange,  but 
rightly  or  wrongly  the  monks  held  both  estates.  The  New  Borough  in 
Elvet-halgh  perhaps  alluded  to  the  Prior's  old  one  rather  than  Pudsey's 
chartered  one  in  Durham,  for  though  the  latter  may  have  had  an  exist- 

TOL.  II.  2  E 


206        IS  THE  CATHEDRAL  WITHIN  THE  CITY  OF  DURHAM  ? 

enco  prior  to  his  grant  of  extra  liberties,  the  style  of  the  Old  Borough  of 
(not  Elvet  or  the  Priory,  but)  Durham,  seems  to  point  to  a  still  earlier 
foundation. 

By  Pudsey's  charter  the  Prior's  right  to  have  a  Borough  of  Elvet  wag 
indisputable,  and  although  the  Bishops  did  occasionally  exercise  high 
regal  prerogatives  touching  the  Prior's  lands,  the  power  as  to  burghal 
privileges  was  gone  by  Bishop  Pudsey's  grant  to  the  Prior  himself.  Yet 
the  Companies  of  Durham,  through  that  undefined  word  "  suburbs," 
stretched  their  jurisdiction  to  Elvet. 

The  right  of  the  Monastery  to  the  Cathedral  and  the  Cathedral  Close 
was  not  conferred  by  express  words,  but  arose  by  implication  from  the 
assignment  of  tho  Abbot's  scat  and  the  decanal  power  to  the  Prior,  the 
introduction  of  the  monks  to  their  dwellings,  and  long  possession.  The 
acquisition  would  conic  under  the  words  "  ad  honorem  et  ob  amorem 
Sancti,"  and  confer  the  immunities  granted  by  the  charters.  .Henry 
VIII. 's  charter  of  re-foundation  gave  all  the  site  and  precinct  of  the 
Monastery,  and  all  the  Church  there,  with  their  ancient  privileges,  to  the 
Dean  and  Chapter,  and  the  situation  within  the  Castle  conferred  an  ad- 
ditional claim  to  exemption  from  the  restrictions  of  the  Borough. 

But,  whatever  were  the  rights  of  the  parties,  a  place  like  Durham 
could  scarcely  maintain  a  double  set  of  Companies,  and  the  Freemen  who 
chanced  to  live  in  Elvet  would  be  but  too  glad,  in  spite  of  their  clerical 
lords,  to  unite  with  their  neighbours  of  Durham.  Elvet,  by  degrees, 
came  to  be  considered  as  a  suburb.  Gowland,  who  appears  to  have  been 
engaged  for  the  Freemen,  in  the  case  which  will  presently  be  particularly 
set  out,  notes  a  decree  of  the  Durham  Chancery,  between  1531  and 
1586,  to  the  effect  that  "  New  Elvet  is  in  the  city  of  Durham."  7  In 
another,  between  1609  and  1630,  which  restrained  one  not  free  from 
exercising  the  trade  of  a  mercer  in  Elvet,  it  was  held  to  bo  ;<  in  the  su- 
burbs." 8  And  in  a  third,  between  1661  and  1670,  against  a  foreign 
tailor,  the  issue  had  been  whether  Hallgarth  in  Elvet  (the  very  caput 
laroniaj  was  within  the  limits  of  the  Corporation.9 

The  Castle  precincts  waged  a  longer  contest.  Sometime  after  1671, 
it  was  decided  that  the  "  North  and  South  Balys  were  within  the  City, 
and  bound  to  grind  at  the  Bishopp's  Mills."10  At  Hatfield's  Survey  the 
"  toll  of  the  mill"  was  leased  with  the  Borough,  but  as  the  soke  of  the 

7  Lib.  C.  217. — Gowland's  Praxis  Curiarum  Dunelm,  in  J.  J.  Wilkinson's  MSS. 

8  Lib.  G.  106.— Ibid.  »  Lib.  L.  364,  391.— Ibid. 

10  This  is  from  Gowland's  Index,  but  ho  is  more  bi'ief  in  the  note  to  which  the  in- 
dex refers,  "  Uisliopp's  Durham  Mills.  North  and  South  Baileys  within  the  custom. 
Lib.  M.  fo.  244,  289." 


IS  THE  CATHEDRAL  WITHIN  THE  CITY  OF  DURHAM  ?        207 

mill  was  not  necessarily  co-extensive  with  the  Borough,  the  case  was 
not  conclusive.  In  1676  or  1677,  the  meaning  of  the  word  City,  as 
used  untechnically  by  a  testator,  came  into  question.  The  Mayor  and 
Aldermen  had  refused  to  pay  to  the  churchwardens  and  overseers  of  the 
two  parishes  of  the  North  and  South  Baileys  a  proportion  of  Baron 
Hilton's  charity,  which  was  bequeathed  to  the  City  poor  generally. 
"Whether  the  Mayor  and  his  brethren  considered  that  "City"  did  not 
include  "  suburbs,"  or  did  not  extend  their  jurisdiction  with  the  same 
avidity  as  the  Companies,  or  were  paying  the  complainants  in  their  own 
coin,  their  strict  and  unjust  interpretation  in  such  a  case  was  not  allowed, 
A  decree  went  against  them,  and  the  victorious  churchwardens  of  the 
North  Bailey  "  charged  8s.  they  drunke  in  blew  clarett  to  the  poore's 
accompt." 

The  extension  of  the  Hilton  Charity  to  the  Castle  precincts  is  men- 
tioned in  the  following  brief,  which  relates  to  the  innermost  or  Cathedral 
Close.  It  is  without  date,  but  the  omission  is  supplied  by  a  minute  of 
the  contribution  of  II.  by  the  Company  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  to  the 
City  Masons,  "  to  prosecute  the  suit  in  Chancery  then  depending  against 
the  Country  Masons,  for  working  in  the  College  in  Durham."  The  date 
of  that  is  8  June,  1699.11  It  was  not  the  first  time  that  the  Companies 
had  united  against  the  Church  when  buildings  were  rising  in  the  stately 
close  by  the  help  of  foreign  hands.  The  County  House,  upon  the  Place 
Green,  was,  it  appears,  built  by  a  Quaker  of  Auckland,  John  Lang- 
staffe,  one  who  had  been  concerned  in  Sir  Arthur  Hesilrig's  alterations  at 
Auckland,  who  had,  in  1662,  acted  as  prophet  and  professor,  but  who, 
two  years  afterwards,  demolishes  his  previous  constructions  at  Auckland, 
and  afterwards  is  continually  employed  by  the  same  patron,  the  Bishop. 
In  1670  he  had  got  into  a  scrape,  by  inventing  a  scheme  of  leasing  the 
coal  of  Auckland  Park  to  the  Bishop's  son-in-law  and  one  of  his  officers, 
a  scheme  likely  to  be  smoky  and  offensive  to  future  bishops,  and  one 
which  Cosin  refused  to  carry  out.  Two  years  is  a  short  period  for  the 
reduction  of  a  fanatic,  and  Mr.  Raine,  in  his  Auckland  Castle,  naturally 
enquires,  "  Had  the  Bishop  converted  him  by  dint  of  argument  or  the 
promise  of  a  job  ?"  Surely  we  may  accept  the  latter  explanation  as  the 
truth,  for  here  we  have  him  as  "  a  Quaker,  whose  goods  Bishop  Cozens 
had  seized,  but  who  told  him  he  should  be  no  loser,  for  he  should  build 
the  County  House — and  he  (the  Bishop)  would  keep  him  harmless " 
against  the  Freemen.  The  Freemen  feared  the  successor  of  their  incor- 
porators,  and  were  inactive,  if  not  silent,  and  the  Bishop's  indemnity 

11  Sur.  IT.,  ii.,  23. 


208        IS  THE  CATHEDRAL  WITHIN  THE  CITY  OF  DURHAM  ? 

was  never  called  into  exercise,  though  he  may  have  had  to  pay  in  another 
shape.  The  subscriptions  hoped  for  from  the  Companies  failed,  and  it 
is  not  difficult  to  divine  the  cause.  On  18  April,  1664,  the  Carpenters 
and  Joiners  "  agreed  that  nothing  be  given  to  the  building  of  the  County 
House,  as  is  by  my  Lord  Bishop  desired,"  and  on  18  April,  1665,  the 
Cordwainers  "  refuse  to  give  any  further  assistance  towards  building  the 
New  County  House." 

The  meeting  of  the  Skinners  on  Skinners'  Hill,  the  dates  given  to 
lanthorns  in  the  choir,  to  the  font,  and  some  of  the  woodwork  in  the 
Cathedral,  the  Bishop's  Library,  woodwork  in  the  Chapter's  Library,  and 
renovation  of  the  Castle,  with  other  curious  details,  will  also  present 
themselves  in  this  document. 

It  only  remains  to  be  noted  that  Bp.  Egerton  granted  a  new  charter  of 
incorporation,  the  old  one  having  legally  run  out  through  the  quarrels 
of  the  citizens.  He  recites  the  preceding  charter  of  Bishop  Matthew, 
and  extends  the  residence  of  the  electors  and  elected  to  the  arts,  myste- 
ries, and  faculties  residing  in  the  said  [referring  to  the  former  charter] 
City  of  Durham  and  Framwellgate,  or  the  several  parishes  of  St.  Nicho- 
las, St.  Mary-le-Bow,  and  St.  Mary-the-Less,  or  the  extra-parochial 
places  of  or  belonging  to  the  Castle  of  Durham,  and  the  College  or  Ca- 
thedral Church  of  Durham,  or  the  parochial  chapelry  of  St.  Margaret, 
the  Borough  of  Framwellgate,  or  the  several  parishes  of  St.  Oswald  and 
St.  Giles,  near  the  said  City  of  Durham  and  Framwellgate."  The  char- 
ter only  professed  to  revive  the  old  one,  the  byelaws  contemplated  were 
only  to  extend  to  the  Mayor,  Aldermen,  and  Communalty  of  "  the  said 
City  of  D.  and  F.,"  and  all  trades,  &c.,  "  within  the  said  City  of  D.  and 
F,"  The  extended  limits  only  cure  the  defect  of  the  old  charter  by 
which  the  residence  of  an  alderman  within  the  City  of  Durham,  at  the 
time  of  his  election,  was  an  indispensible  qualification.  The  new  dis- 
trict was  formed  by  the  advice  of  the  Bishop's  Attorney- General.12 

It  does  not,  therefore,  appear  that  the  precincts  of  the  Castle  and  pos- 
sessions of  the  Prior  there  and  in  Elvet  formed  any  portion  of  the  Bo- 
rough or  City  (in  its  burghal  sense)  of  Durham,  until  the  application  of 
the  Municipal  Corporations  Reform  Act,  which  abolished  the  monopoly 
of  the  Companies. 

HENRY  LAMBTON,  Esq.,  Attorney  general  to  the  Lord  Bishopp  of 
Durham,  on  the  relacion  of  Nicholas  Rowell  and  John  "Wilkinson, 
Wardens ;  Mathew  Brown  and  John  Johnson,  Stewards ;  Thomas 
Buchanan  and  Thomas  Watson,  Searchers  of  the  Company  of  Free- 

13  See  Hutch,  ii.,  41. 


IS  THE  CATHEDRAL  WITHIN  THE  CITY  OF  DURHAM  ?        209 

Masons,  Rough -Masons,  Wallers,  Slay  tors,  Pavers,  Plaisterers,  and 
Bricklayers,13  in  the  City  of  Durham  and  Suburbs  of  the  same ;  as  well 
on  behalfe  of  the  Bishopp  as  the  Relators,  Informant.  ROBERT  THOMP- 
SON the  elder,  and  ROBEET  THOMPSON  the  younger,  Defendants. 

INFORMACION.  (1.)  The  City  of  Durham  is  an  ancient  City,  and  hath 
had  diverse  ancient  suburbs  thereunto  adjoineing  and  belonging.  "Which 
City  and  suburbs  have  in  them  many  ancient  Companies,  created  and 
confirmed14  by  the  Bishopps  of  Durham,  and  have  had  their  continuance 
by  succession  for  many  yeares,  time  whereof,  &c.,  amongst  which  the 
said  ancient  Company  hath  been  for  all  the  said  time  and  yet  is  one. 
(2.)  And  have  by  the  like  time,  once  in  the  yeare,  i.  e.  on  or  about  the 
feast  day  of  St.  Andrew,  assembled  to  elect  two  Wardens,  two  Stewards, 
and  two  Searchers  out  of  the  Company,  to  governe  the  said  Corporacion 
for  one  year.  Which  Wardens,  Stewards,  and  Searchers  have  been  a 
Corporation  and  had  power  to  plead,  be  impleaded,  make,  constitute,  and 
ordaine  wholsome  laws  for  the  better  government  and  order  of  the  said 
Corporacion,  and  for  the  punishment  of  offenders  against  the  said  Cor- 
poracion, whether  Freemen  of  the  said  Corporacion  or  forreigners.  (3.) 
The  Company  being  much  oppressed  by  forreigners  and  strangers,  at 
their  request  Thomas  [Morton]  Bishopp  of  Durham,  by  his  letters 
patents  (16  April,  1638,  10  Car.  and  6  transl.  Episcopi)  under  the  Great 
Seal  of  the  County  Pallatine,  did  confirme  the  laws,  ancient  customes 
and  usages  of  the  Corporacion,  and  (inter  alia)  this  ancient  custome  is 
confirmed  : — "  That  noe  person  which  hath  not  served  his  apprentice- 
shipp  within  the  said  City  or  suburbs  shall  set  upp  to  work  at  the  said 
craft  or  trade  within  the  said  City  or  suburbs,  or  any  part  thereof,  until 
such  time  as  he  hath  compounded  with  the  Wardens,  Stewards,  and 
Searchers  of  the  said  trade  ;  and  hath  paid  and  satisfy ed  unto  the 
Bishopp  of  Durham  for  the  time  being  the  summe  of  40s.  for  his  agrea- 
ment ;  and  to  the  Wardens,  Stewards,  and  Searchers  of  the  said  trade 
for  the  use  of  the  said  trade,  31. ;  and  shal  alsoe  pay  to  the  said  War- 
dens, Stewards,  and  Searchers  20s.,  to  be  distributed  by  them  for  the 
reliefe  of  the  poor  decayed  brethren  of  the  said  trade  and  occupation, 
upon  paine  of  forfeiting  to  the  Bishopp  of  Durham  for  the  time  being 
40s. ;  and  to  the  said  Wardens,  Stewards,  and  Searchers,  for  the  use  of 
the  said  trade  and  craft,  31. ,  to  be  recovered  and  levied  as  is  thereinafter 
expressed."  And  it  is  thereby  alsoe  provided  that  all  the  fines,  forfeitures 
and  forfeitures  shal  be  sued  for  by  the  Wardens,  Stewards,  and  Searchers 
in  the  Burrough  Court  within  the  City  of  Durham,  before  the  Maior,  or 
in  this  court ;  and  that  such  suit  as  shal  be  begun  in  their  time  may  be 
proceeded  in  by  them  and  not  abated  by  the  choice  of  any  new  Wardens, 
Stewards,  and  Searchers.  (4.)  The  relators  were  duly  elected.  (5.) 
Defendants  not  free  or  admitted  into  the  Company  but  strangers  and 
forreigners,  in  contempt  of  the  said  antient  custome  have  several  times 

13  See  Surtees,  iv.,  ii.,  24. 

14  The  "  Rough  Masons,  Wallers,  and  Slaters"  were  incorporated  by  Bp.  Hutton  in 
1594.     Bp.  James  confirmed  the  byelaws  of  the   "  Rough  Masons,  "Wallers,   Slaters, 
Paviors,  Tylers,  and  Plaisterers"  in  1609.    Their  arms  are  entered  in  the  Visit,  of  1615. 


210         IS  THE  CATHEDRAL  WITHIN  THE  CITY  OF  DURHAM  ? 

wrought  at  the  trade  within  the  City  and  suburbs,  especially  about 
December  last,  without  makeing  composicion,  whereby  they  have 
respectively  forfeited  to  the  Bishopp  40s.,  and  to  the  relators  3L,  which 
have  been  demanded  and  they  requested  to  desist  useing  the  trade,  yet 
they  have  refused,  and  say  they  will  use  it  in  despight  of  the  Bishopp 
and  the  custome.  (6.)  That  defendants  may  answere,  &c.,  may  shew 
cause  against  relief,  may  be  restrained,  &c.,  the  relators  pray  subpoena. 

ANSWERES.  (1.)  It  may  be  true  that  the  City  is  an  ancient 
City,  &c.,  and  have  several  ancient  Companies,  &c.  (2.)  Know 
not  that  the  relators'  fellowship  is  one,  or  that  they  have  mett 
to  choose  "Wardens,  &c.  Are  advised  they  have  noe  power  to 
make  lawes  to  bind  or  punish  strangers  or  forreigners.  But,  for 
anything  they  know  to  the  contrary,  any  forreigners  or  strangers  who 
served  an  apprenticeship  for  seven  years  according  to  the  statute, 
might  exercise  their  trades  within  the  City  or  suburbs.  (3.)  Know  not 
that  Thomas  Lord  Bishopp  of  Durham  by  letters  patents  confirmed  any 
lawes,  &c. ;  but  if  such  be,  referrs  to  it.  Are  advised  the  same  is 
against  the  liberties  of  the  subject,  and  contrary  to  the  lawes  of  this 
kingdome.  (4.)  Know  not  that  the  relators  were  duely  elected  or  quali- 
fied. (5.)  Neither  served  apprenticeshipps  within  the  City  or  suburbs, 
nor  are  free  thereof,  but  served  to  the  trades  of  mason  and  bricklayer 
seven  years  within  the  county  according  to  the  statute,  and  are  enabled 
to  exercise  their  trade  by  law.  Deny  that  they  at  any  time,  in  con- 
tempt of  any  such  ancient  usage  as  in  the  informacion,  wrought  within 
the  City  or  suburbs.  Till  the  exhibiteing  of  the  informacion  they  had 
not  any  notice  of  such  usage,  and  it  not  thereby  appearing  how  farr  the 
City  or  suburbs  extend,  they  cannot  directly  answere  whether  they 
have  exercised  their  trades  within  them.  Did  not  in  December  last  or 
at  any  other  time  exercise  their  trades  in  any  place  which  to  their  know- 
ledge or  beliefe  is  within  them  :  save  28  years  ago,  and  not  since,  Robert 
Thompson  senior  wrought  at  Mr.  Neile's  house  in  the  North  Baly, 
which  he  beleives  is  not  in  the  City  or  liberty  of  the  Maior.  Hath 
heard  but  knows  not  that  it  is  within  the  suburbs.  Noe  accion  hath 
been  brought  against  him  till  this  informacion,  and  the  relators  not 
being  chosen  till  St.  Andrew  day  last,  the  informant  is  not  entituled  to 
proceed  against  him.  He  wrought  in  noe  place  which  to  his  knowledge 
or  beleife  is  in  the  City  or  suburbs.  Deny  they  were  requested  to  de- 
sist useing  the  trade  contrary  to  the  pretended  ancient  custome,  or  that 
they  give  out  that  they  use  the  trade  as  often  as  they  have  occasion  in 
despight  of  the  Bishopp  and  the  pretended  ancient  custome,  or  that 
they  will  take  noe  notice  thereof.  Have  not  compounded.  Deny  they 
have  to  their  knowledge  forfeited  any  money  or  that  the  money  pre- 
tended to  be  forfeited  was  demanded  of  them.  (6.)  As  the  forfeitures 
are  to  be  sued  for  before  the  Maior  or  in  this  court,  the  Attorney 
Generall  ought  not  to  proceed  in  this  court  for  the  penalties  payable  to 
the  trade ;  for  if  the  information  be  dismissed  they  can  have  noe  costs, 
as  they  might  against  the  Wardens,  &c.,  upon  a  bill  exhibited  by  them 
alone.  Deny  combination  and  traverse. 


IS  THE  CATHEDRAL  WITHIN  THE  CITY  OF  DURHAM  ?        211 

THE  RELATORS'  PKOOFES. — Knows  the  city  of  Durham  and  suburbs,  the 
streets  called  the  North  and  South  Baley,  the  Colledge  or  Prebendaries' 
houses,  and  hath  known  them  for  seventy  years  and  upwards,  and  Elvett 
Bridge15  and  New  Bridge16  for  all  the  said  time.  And  all  his  remem- 
brance there  is  and  hath  been  a  Blew  Stone17  on  Elvett  Bridge ;  which 
parts  the  City  and  suburbs.  The  said  streets  and  the  Colledge  and  Pre- 
bends' houses  are  all  within  the  ancient  City  wall,  and  the  liberties  and 
priviledges  of  the  Freemen  of  the  said  city  were  always  reputed  to  ex- 
tend to  all  the  said  places.  Noe  forreigners  nor  outmen  (not  being  Free- 
men) could  have  liberty  to  work  of  their  trades  within  the  said  street  or 
Colledge,  or  within  any  part  thereof,  unlesse  imployed  by  a  Freeman. 
Twenty  years  since  he  was  servant  to  Mr.  Marmaduke  Blakiston,  one  of 
the  Prebendaries,  and  his  Prebend's  house  in  the  Colledge  being  out  of 
repaire,  he  imployed  nonfreemen,  or  outmen,  to  repaire  the  same.  But 
the  Freemen  insisted  on  their  priviledges,  and  obstructed  them,  and 
either  sued  them,  or  threatened  to  sue  them ;  and,  as  Hugh  Bo  well,  a 
Freeman,  declared,  forced  them  to  desist.  And  afterwards  employed 
Hugh  Rowell  to  finish  the  work.  (Richard  Rashall,  87  yeares,  speaks 
for  70  yeares.  John  Robinson,  aged  93,  speaks  for  70  yeares.  John  Bar- 
racleugh,  50  yeares,  for  40  yeares  a  labourer  to  the  masons,  and  fre- 
quently wrought  at  the  Colledge  houses.  Richard  Oates,  for  56  yeares 
speaks  to  several  old  men  (masons)  worke  at  the  repaire  of  the  Colledge 
houses.  But  never  any  forreigners.  William  Reed,  for  60  yeares,  and 
was  labourer  above  30  yeares  agoe  about  repaireing  severall  Prebends' 
houses,  which  he  names,  and  never  any  forreigners  wrought  there  but 
under  Freemen.  The  inhabitants  in  the  two  Baleys  have  right  on  the 
City  Common,  and  the  poor  there  have  part  of  Hilton's  Charity  given  to 
the  city.  Richard  Brown,  for  50  yeares,  to  the  same  effect.  Arthur 
Smith,  for  50  yeares,  to  the  same  effect.  John  Baker,  for  50  yeares,  to 
the  same  effect,  and  never  knew  but  Freemen  repaire  the  Colledge  houses 
or  New  Bridge,  but  Freemen,  (but  the  defendants).  Ralph  Jackson,  to 
the  same  effect  for  50  yeares,  and  30  yeares  a  labourer  to  masons  who 
wrought  in  the  Colledge.  (Note.  Baker  and  Jackson  are  the  defendants' 
witnesses.)  Michael  Belley,  for  50  yeares,  to  the  same  effect.  The 
Skinners  and  Glovers  meet  on  Skinners'  Hill,  beyond  New  Bridge,  and 
soe  takes  that  bridge  within  the  city18  priviledges,  and  wrought  at  Dr. 
Adams'  house  (now  rebuilding  by  the  defendants)  40  yeares  agoe,  and 
at  several  other  Prebend  houses.  William  Bell,  for  3  yeares.) 

Relators'  trades  have  been  incorporated  (ut  credit)  beyond  memory, 
and  proves  their  meeting  and  chooseing  officers  many  yeares,  and  the 

15  Elvet,  as  before  stated,  was  the  manor  of  the  Convent,  and  partially  a  Borough. 

16  New  Bridge  adjoined  the  southern  point  of  the  walls.     The  present  Prebend's 
Bridge  is  a  little  lower  down  the  stream. 

17  At  the  termination  of  the  two -thirds  of  the  bridge  belonging  to  Saint  Nicholas' 
parish.     The  blue  stone  was  a  common  mark  of  boundary,  witness  Tyne  and  Tees 
Bridges  over  the  water-boundaries  of  the  palatinate. 

18  This  scarcely  follows.     The  City  might  surround  the  walled  close  without  com- 
prising the  river. 


212        IS  THE  CATHEDRAL  WITHIN  THE  CITY  OF  DURHAM  ? 

relatois  being  chosen  last  St.  Andrew  day  for  a  yeare.  Hath  been  their 
clerk  many  yeares,  and  entered  their  orders.  (Mr.  John  Wood.  John 
Barracleugh,  to  the  same  effect.  Arthur  Smith.) 

A  yeare  agoe,  two  of  Thompson  junior's  servants  were  workeing  at 
Dr.  Dobson's  house  in  the  Colledge,  and  notice  being  given  to  the  Warden 
of  the  relators'  trade,  he  sent  one  of  the  Stewards  to  discharge  them 
from  workeing  and  threatened  to  sue  them.  Thompson  came  ime- 
diately  to  the  Warden,  desired  him  to  passe  it  by,  and  not  put  them  to 
trouble,  for  he  knew  not  that  the  Colledge  was  within  the  Freemen's 
Liberty,  otherwise  he  would  not  have  presumed  to  have  sett  his  men  at 
worke  there,  and  he  would  give  him  any  satisfaccion  therefore.  Both 
the  defendants  two  yeares  since  for  about  three  months  together  wrought 
about  the  New  Bridge,  and  deponent  was  a  labourer  under  him.  About 
Martinmas  gone  a  yeare  Thompson  junior  flagged  a  kitchin  for  Dr. 
Pickering  at  his  house  in  the  Colledge  at  3s.  a  yard,  and  deponent  was 
his  labourer  and  dressed  and  fitted  the  flaggs  at  Dr.  Adams  his  house 
in  the  Colledge,  where  the  defendants  are  workeing,  and  have  wrought 
for  several  months  last  past,  saith  8  or  9  months.  ( Thomas  Richardson. 
Edward  Stout.  Arthur  Smith,  to  the  same  effect.  The  ladders  stood 
in  the  North  Baley,  and  the  labourers  served  him  that  way.  Thomas 
Johnson,  to  the  same  effect,  and  was  a  labourer  at  Dr.  Dobson's  house 
for  Thompson,  and  acquainted  the  Dr.  before  he  went  to  the  Warden  to 
subrnitt.  William  Bell.  John  Barracleugh.'] 

In  Juty,  1696,  Thompson  junior  wrought  at  the  trade  of  a  mason  in 
deponent's  house  in  the  South  Baley,  in  mending  the  topp  of  an  oven 
and  an  hearth,  but  took  nothing  for  it.  (Mr.  Thomas  Wharton.) 

Twelve  months  agoe  Thompson  senior  for  3  or  4  dayes  together  wrought 
and  helpt  to  repaire  Elvet  Bridge,  for  which  deponent  paid  him  (he 
being  the  undertaker  for  bridges  in  the  county  of  Durham).  Heard 
him  say  that  he  had  wrought  severall  yeares  by  times  in  Durham  at 
several  places  above  the  Gaol  gates  without  interrupcion  by  the  Free- 
men. (John  Hedley.) 

The  Skinners  keep  their  head  meeting  on  Skinners'  Hill  beyond 
New  Bridge,  believes  beyond  memory.  Hath  been  their  clerke  23 
yeares.  (Henry  Rutledge.  Michael  Belley  ut  supra  ) 

THE  DEFENDANTS'  PROOFES. — Hath  known  the  Cathedral  and  Colledge 
65  yeares,  which,  or  a  great  part  thereof,  is  built  about  with  a  wall. 
For  what  use  or  intent  it  was  built  first,  knows  not.  The  Deane  and 
Prebends  have  repaired  on  their  parts  several  times  soe  farr  as  their  gar- 
dens, orchards,  or  houses  extend  that  joine  on  the  wall.  How  farr  the 
wall  extends  or  they  repaire  knows  not,  or  whether  it  was  to  seperate 
the  Colledge  from  the  City,  but  exempt  from  the  Maior's  jurisdiction. 
Mr.  Bowes — The  Colledge  hath  great  gates  and  a  wall,  and  the  Deane 
and  Chapter's  porter  locks  the  gates  at  10  o'clock  every  night,  and  lets 
none  passe  but  such  as  he  knows.  A  paire  of  stocks  are  kept  there  for 
the  punishing  offenders  in  the  Colledge.  Ergo,  the  Church  and  Colledge 
noe  part  of  the  City.  The  Maior  exercises  noe  jurisdiction  there. 
Thomas  Simpson.  Mr.  [  Cuthbert  in  dorso]  Bowes,  speaks  for  20  yeares. 


IS  THE  CATHEDRAL  WITHIN  THE  CITY  OF  DURHAM  ?        213 

Humphrey  Stevenson,  60  yeares.  The  Colledge  reputed  a  distinct  place. 
Neither  City,  suburbs,  or  any  parish,  kept  a  constable  there.  Maior 
hath  noe  jurisdiction.  Once  [did]  ride  the  bound'  down  the  Baly,  but 
stopt  at  the  gates,  in  Oliver's  time.  (Mr.  John  Rowell,  for  40  yeares. 
The  Church  and  Colledge  are  inclosed  round  with  a  wall,  and  the  Deane 
and  Chapter  repaire  both  at  their  charge.  Abel  Longstaffe,  to  the  wall, 
but  knows  not  to  what  purpose.) 

(Nota  [in  margine.~]  The  town  wall  is  one  side,  and  the  churchyard 
wall  two  sides,  and  the  houses  the  other  side.  They  have  great  gates 
they  enter  by  into  the  Colledge,  but  that  is  noe  argument  of  exempcion : 
then  every  gentleman's  house  in  a  city,  or  the  City  Halls  in  London, 
must  be  noe  part  of  the  city.) 

Knows  not  or  ever  heard  it  reputed  that  the  Colledge  was  within  any 
of  the  parishes  or  suburbs  of  Durham,  but  extra-parochial,  and  paid  noe 
parish  taxes,  soe  beleives  it  to  be  independent  on  the  Maior  or  Corpora- 
cion.  Mr.  Bowell — He  is  the  Deane  and  Chapter  register,  and  perused 
diverse  ancient  grants  of  great  exempcions  priviledges  and  endowments 
made  to  the  church  by  diverse  Kings  of  England  and  Bishopps  of  Dur- 
ham, now  in  their  custody.  (Thomas  Simpson.  Mr.  Bowes.  Mr. 
Rowell.} 

(Nota.  The  Maior  never  did  claime  priviledge  or  jurisdiccion  above 
the  gaol.19  But  that  is  not  the  question,  but  whether  the  Freemen's 
priviiedges  extend,  and  that  they  touch  not.  Let  them  produce  the 
grants  and  see  if  any  exempt  from  the  Freemen's  priviiedges,  for  the 
words  are  only  generall.) 

Both  the  Bishopp  and  Deane  and  Chapter  have  at  work  men  not  free. 
Thirty  three  yeares  since  John  Brasse,  a  Freeman,  had  undertaken  to 
build  some  lanthornes  in  the  Cathedral  Quire,  and  imployed  James  Hull, 
John  Fairelasse,  William  Hogg,  Thomas  Sharper,  Henry  Wallas,  John 
Heron,  and  others,  noe  Freemen,  to  worke  at  that  worke.  Twenty  nine 
yeares  since,  Hull  and  Todd  built  the  font,  and  they  imployed  men  not 
free,  and  never  were  disturbed.  Hull  undertook  several  other  bargaines 
with  the  Dean  and  Prebends  for  their  houses,  doors,  and  woodwork  in 
the  Cathedrall,  and  he  imployed  several  servants  not  Freemen ;  and  at 
the  Deanery,  Dr.  Grey's,  Dr.  Basire's,  and  several  other  prebends' 
houses  ;  the  Bishopp' s  Library  and  the  Hall  in  the  Castle  for  nine  years 
together ;  without  any  interrupcion  from  the  Freemen.  (James  Hull. 
Thomas  Parkinson  speaks  to  Hull  and  Todd's  workeing  in  the  Cathedrall, 
and  Thomas  Brown  a  Freeman,  but  whether  under  Hull  knows  not. 
Thomas  Simpson,  to  Hull's  workeing  and  Taylor,  a  forreigner.  Sur- 
veyed the  work.  Humphrey  Stephenson.  Mr.  Bowes.  Mr.  Rowell. 
Edward  Hodshon. 

(Nota mbers  any the  Prebends'  houses.) 

Twenty  years  agoe  Christopher  Crawforth  wrought  plumbers'  work 
(and  his  two  sons)  at  the  Cathedrall  (and  noe  Freemen),  and  three  or 
four  dayes  mending  the  Deanery  leads:  fifteen  yeares  agoe  at  Dr. 
Brevint's  house  :  and  eight  years  agoe  he  wrought  at  the  Deanery  with- 

19  The  Bailey  Gate. 
YOL.  II.  2  E 


214        IS  THE  CATHEDRAL  WITHIN  THE  CITY  OF  DURHAM  ? 

out  interruption  :  and  twenty  years  agoe  at  the  County  House  and  GaoL 
Soe  Mr.  Bowell  beleives  they  may  imploy  who  they  please  to  work  at 
the  Church  or  Colledge.  (Christopher  Crawforth,  Thomas  Parkinsonr 
Mr.  Eowdl  to  the  same  effect,  and  that  13  years  agoe  forreigne  joiners 
wrought  at  the  Bean  and  Chapter's  Library  in  the  Colledge. 

(Nota plumber  then  in  Burham but  two- 

or  three  of  them,  and  they d  not  wage  wan-.) 

(Ralph  Jackson,  Int.  5  [the  defendants'  own  interrogatory],  a  labourer 
about  the  Church  and  Prebend  houses  40  years  and  never  knew  any  but 
Freemen  work  there  except  "William  Heaviside  and  Edward  Lambton, 
who  wrought  under  Christopher  Shaddock,  a  Freeman,  at  Br.  Grey's 
house.) 

Beleives  there  is  noe  such  custome  in  the  City  that  none  but  Freemen 
have  liberty  to  work  in  the  Cathedral  and  Colledge.  Beleives  the  Bi- 
shopp,  Bean,  and  Prebends  may  imploy  who  they  please.  (James  Hull. 
Sum.  Stephenson  saith  to  the  same  effect.  But,  as  remembers,  Freemen 
have  been  all  along  imployed  about  the  Colledge  Houses.) 

The  Castle  re-building  was  undertaken  by  Christopher  Skirrey,  a  Free- 
man, and  none  wrought  there  but  who  he  imployed.  The  stone  worke 
of  the  County  House  was  built  by  John  Langstaffe,  a  Quaker,  whose 
goods  Bishopp  Cozens  had  seised,  but  told  him  he  should  be  noe  looser, 
for  he  should  build  the  County  House.  Langstaffe  said  he  could  not  for 
the  Freemen.  The  Bishopp  said  he  would  keep  him  harmlesse,  and  soe 
he  went  on  and  built  it.  But  the  Library  and  Castle  were  built  or  un- 
dertaken by  Skirrey  and  his  partners.  (Ralph  Jackson  to  Int.  7  [as  to 
Skirrey.]  William  Reed,  to  Langstaffe' s  building  the  County  House. 
John  Baker.  George  Becroft.  Tho.  Simpson,  Int.  7,  and  to  Langstaffe's 
rep. . . .  Wm.  Douthwaite  to  the  same  and  to  the  workem. . .  .and 
building  a  place  at  the  end  the  Library,  and  he  and  other  forreign .... 
imployed  under  him,  and  noe  interruption.  Humphrey  Stephenson* 
Abel  Longstaffe,  to  Langstaffe's  repaireing  the  County  House.) 

(Nota cannot  be  witnesses  for  the  relators;  soe  forreigners 

(workemen)  cannot  be  for  the  defendants,  they  swearing  for  their  own 
advantage,  for  to  destroy  the  City  priviledges,  that  they  may  work  there 
as  Hull,  Crawforth,  Bouthwaite,  and  Longstaffe.  None  of  their  wit- 
nesses speaks  to  above  33  years  workeing  and  that  in  the  Cathedral,  few 
to  the  Colledge.  Nay,  their  own  witnesses  Jackson  and  Stephenson  say, 
noe  forreigners  wrought  there.  As  to  the  County  House,  the  Bishopp 
promised  to  indempnify  him,  and  the  Freemen  would  not  contest  with 
the  Bishopp  whom  they  have  their  confirmation  from,  and  soe  great  a 
man.) 

New  Bridge  stands  without  the  City  walls,  and  always  repaired  by 
the  Beane  and  Chapter,  but  whether  with  Freemen  or  forreigners  knows 
not  till  two  yeares  since  the  defendants  and  their  servants  rebuilt  the 
same  for  the  Bean  and  Chapter,  but  whether  the  Freemen's  priviledges 
extend  thereto  know  not.  Beleives  the  Maior  hath  noe  jurisdiction 
there.  Mr.  Bowes — Thomas  Eowell  a  Freeman  askt  30GJ.  for  rebuild- 
ing the  bridge,  and  the  defendants  did  it  for  140?.  and  Wl  more  if  it 
was  done  to  Mr.  Bowes'  satisfaction.  (Thomas  Simpson.  Mr.  Bowes.} 


IS  THE  CATHEDRAL  WITHIN  THE  CITY  OF  DURHAM?        215 

The  Hall  garth  in  Elvet  helongs  to  the  Dean  and  Chapter,  who  keep 
their  courts  there,  and  is  part  of  two  of  the  Prehends'  corps,  which  for 
his  remembrance  (60  years)  hath  been  reputed  a  priviledged  place  from, 
the  City,  and  forreigners  Henry  Morris  and  John  Baister  wrought  pub- 
lickly  there  without  interrupcion  :  and  White  a  taylor,  what  interrup- 
cion  he  met  with  cannot  tell. 
(Nota th  is  answered White.) 

W.  HYLTON  DYER  LONGSTAFFE,  F,S,A. 


216 


BAKING  IN  DURHAM.1 

IN  THE  CHANCERY  OF  DURHAM.  Between  HENRY  LAMBTON,  Esq.,  Attor- 
ney-General of  Nathaniel  Lord  Bishop  of  Durham,  on  the  relation  of 
MARY  BLAKISTON,  widow,  FRANCIS  BLAKISTON,  clerk,  and  DOROTHY 
BLAKISTON,  spinster,  Plaintiffs,  and  EDWARD  NICHOLSON  and  CHRISTO- 
PHER MANN,  Defendants. 

1694.  April  4.  Upon  the  originall  hearing,  the  matter  appeared  to  be 
for  the  establishing  of  the  suit  and  service  of  the  defendants,  being 
Common  Bakers  of  bread  for  sale  inhabiting  within  the  City  and  Borough 
of  Durham  and  Framwellgate,  to  bake  all  their  bread  for  sale  at  the  oven 
of  the  ancient  common  bakehouse,  called  the  Bishop's  Bakehouse,  in  the 
parish  of  Saint  Nicholas,  which  is,  and  time  out  of  mind  hath  been,  the 
ancient  common  bakehouse  of  the  Bishop  of  Durham  and  his  predeces- 
sors, and  parcell  of  the  possession  of  the  Bishoprick,  and  anciently  de- 
misable and  demised  by  such  bishopps  for  one  and  twenty  yeares  under 
ancient  rents,  and  which  is  now  held  by  the  relators  by  lease  from  the 
present  Bishop  under  the  ancient  rents.  Whereunto  all  common  bakers, 
victuallers,  and  regrators,  living  within  the  City  and  Borough,  are  bound 
by  ancient  custome  to  bake  all  there  bread  for  sale  at  the  said  bakehouse 
ovens,  after  reasonable  rates  anciently  used  for  such  baking;  to  wit, 
2cl.  for  every  bushell  of  corne  of  Durham  old  measure,2  so  made  into 
bread  and  baked,  and  soe  proportionably  for  greater  or  lesser  quantityes, 
which  is  after  the  rate  of  five  pence  for  foure  bushells  of  Winchester 
measure,  since  the  late  Act  of  Parliament  made  for  reducing  all  the 
measures  of  corne  to  that  standard.  Upon  which  custom  the  Attorney- 
Generall  prayed  the  aid  and  releife  of  this  court,  as  it  is  the  ancient 
Court  of  Exchequer  of  the  Bishopp  of  Durham  for  the  time  being,  and 
hath  cognizance  of  the  revenue  of  the  Bishoprick. 

The  defendants  denyed  the  custom,  and  issue  joined  thereupon. 

The  court  upon  hearing  of  all  the  proofes  on  both  sides  was  fully  sa- 
tisfied of  the  custome  and  right  of  the  said  ancient  common  bakehouse 
of  the  Bishopp,  who  is  alsoe  Lord  of  the  City  and  Borough  in  right  of 
the  Bishoppricke,  and  confirmed  the  same.  But  upon  the  defendantes 
objecting  the  bakehouse  or  ovens  not  to  be  capable  to  perform  all  such 
bakeings,  and  for  satisfaccion  of  the  court  in  that  particular,  it  was  or- 
dered that  a  triall  at  law  should  be  therein  before  Mr.  Chancellar  in  the 
Court  of  Pleas  of  this  county  palatine,  at  the  sitting  following,  upon  a 
feigned  wager. 

1  Office  copy  decree  in  Mr.  Trueman's  Collections.  In  one  of  the  order-books  of 
the  Durham  Chancery,  there  is  an  earlier  decree  concerning  the  Bishop's  bakehouse. 
At  Durham,  after  an  issue  at  law,  it  confirmed  the  verdict,  ascertaining  the  custom. 
Gowland  quotes  Liber  EE.  (1604  to  1609)  fo.  38. 

2_"  Each  score  consisting  of  one  and  twenty  corves  [of  coals]  and  every  corve  con- 
sisting of  eleven  pecks  and  a  half  of  Durham  usuall  old  measure,  one  halfe  heaped, 
the  other  halfe  streaked." — Lease  of  Coal  in  Low  Wood,  Great  Lwnley^from  Tho, 
Fatherly  to  Alderman  John  DucJc,  1676. 


BAKING  IN  DURHAM.  217 

Which  trial,  directed  att  the  first  sitting  after,  by  reason  of  a  mistake 
in  omitting  Mister  Chancellor's  name  in  the  commission  of  pleas  was  had 
afterwards. 

[The  issue  was  upon  the  old  set  form.  The  defendants  were  repre- 
sented as  holding  a  conversation  with  the  plaintiff  Henry  Lambton 
touching  the  bakehouse.  The  plaintiff  alleged  that  it  was  sufficient, 
the  defendant  denied  it.  Then  in  consideration  of  5s.  the  defendant 
promised  to  pay  the  plaintiff  100s.  if  it  was  sufficient.] 

EVIDENCE  FOR  THE  PLAINTIFF. — There  are  about  12  publique  bakers  of 
rye  bread,  and  about  16  bakers  of  white  bread  and  penny  pies,  and  such 
like,  within  the  City  and  Borough.  All  which  by  computacion  doe 
usually  bake  every  weeke  about  112  bushells  of  rye  bread,  and  about 
112  bushells  of  white  bread,  and  other  small  wares.  The  two  ovens  be- 
longing to  the  bakehouse  can  with  ease  baike  140  bushells  of  rye  bread, 
and  as  much  white  bread,  weekly.  They  can  take  in  over  and  above 
the  bound  custome  doubly  every  day  of  the  white  bread,  and  about  30 
bushells  of  rye  bread  every  day  more  then  the  bound  custome.3  For 
want  of  bread  from  those  that  are  bound  to  bake  they  take  in  every  day 
of  such  as  are  not  bound,  and  alsoe  great  numbers  of  pyes,  puddings, 
and  other  things  from  private  houses,  which  they  need  not  take  in  un- 
lesse  they  pleased ;  and  if  they  did  not  take  them  in  they  would  want  a 
great  deale  of  imployment,  and  often  times  wee  have  one  oven  full  of 
bread,  and  not  above  two  or  three  dayes  in  the  weeke  they  have  bread 
in  both  ovens.  Robert  Clarke,  John  Cogdon,  Jane  Kempe,  Elizabeth  Lee, 
[Mrs.  Carr  erased]  Margaret  Cartar,  John  Haire,  Anne  Peart,  Elianor 
Sail 

OBJECTION. — At  the  bakehouse  they  order  them  to  bring  their  bread 
at  a  certaine  hour  betwixt  11  and  12  of  the  clocke  of  the  day,  and  sett 
it  not  into  the  ovens  till  2  a  clock,  and  keep  their  stuffe  till  11  or  12  at 
night  and  have  it  often  burnt  o'th  outside  and  paist  only  within,  and  if 
they  bring  all  their  bread  on  one  day  it  would  be  impossible  for  the 
Bishopp's  two  ovens  to  dispatch  them. 

ANSWER. — They  usually  appoint  2  of  the  clock  in  the  afternoone, 
and  if  any  will  bring  their  bread  soone  it  is  their  own  fault.  And  as  to 
the  burneing  the  bread,  others  baked  at  the  same  time  in  the  same  oven, 
and  had  their  bread  well  baked ;  and  those  that  had  not,  it  was  their  own 
fault  in  not  fetching  their  bread  away  in  time,  as  particularly  "Whitfeild's 
wife,  who  left  her  bread  and  went  to  harvest  work.  And  as  to  bringing 
all  in  of  one  day,  that  is  not  usuall.  But  some  bakes  one  day  and  some 
another.  (lidem.  Sarah  Etherington.} 

If  there  be  any  defalt  in  the  bakehouse  man  he  is  answerable  to  the 
party,  and  makes  them  satisfaccion,  as  particularly  Mrs.  Bell  had  two 
pyes  and  [they]  run  out,  and  the  bakehouse  man  paid  5s.  for  the  pyes. 
(Robert  Clarke.) 

3  I  cannot  reconcile  this  evidence  with  the  former.  In  one  copy  of  the  brief  "  a 
considerable  quantity"  is  written  above  the  "140  bushells." 


218  BAKING  IN  DURHAM, 

1695.  Aprill  1.  Upon  evidence  given  on  both  sides  att  the  sitting 
holden  heare,  the  verdict  was  given  for  the  defendents  that  the  bake- 
house was  not  sufficient  to  bake  all  the  sale  bread.  Whereupon  this 
court  having  taken  time  to  consider  thereof  until! 

1695.  Aug.  14.  At  this  sitting  it  was  moved  by  Mister  Atturney 
Generall,  in  the  presence  of  Mister  Davison  and  other  counsell  for  the 
defendents,  to  have  judgment  that  the  said  custome  may  be  preserved. 
The  whole  matter  was  debated  on  both  sides,  and  some  presidents  in 
this  court  touching  the  custome  of  grinding  at  the  Bishop's  Mills,  and 
divers  affidavits  on  the  defendants'  parts  were  heard. 

The  court  considered  that  the  custome  was  allowed  upon  the  hearing 
before  the  verdict  at  law,  as  well  by  records  of  antient  trialls  and  ver- 
dicts at  law  and  orders  or  decrees  of  this  court,  as  by  the  new  proofes 
in  this  cause,  which  would  be  all  defeated  or  frustrated  by  setting  the 
bound  customes  at  a  generall  liberty,  who  will  have  sufficient  benefit 
of  their  verdict  by  liberty  to  bake  elsewhere  if  the  Lord's  antient  bake- 
house cannot  perform  the  bakeing  brought  thither  in  a  reasonable  time, 
or  upon  timely  notice  given  over  night.  Therefore 

DECEEED  by  the  Right  "Worshipfull  Robert  Dormer,  Esqr.,  Chancellor 
of  the  County  Palatine  of  Durham  and  Sadberge,  that  the  custome  and 
duty  and  service  of  baking  all  the  sale  bread  and  other  things  used  or  to 
be  used  by  the  Common  Bakers  of  bread  for  sale,  and  other  Common 
Victuallers,  living  within  the  City  of  Durham  and  the  Borough  of  Fram- 
wellgate,  shalbe  hereby  confirmed  and  continued.  All  the  defendants 
subject  or  bound  to  the  custome  shall  give  notice  or  sett  steven4  with 
the  bakehouse  man,  farmer  or  occupier  of  the  relators'  Common  Bake- 
house over  night  before  hand,  of  the  quantity  and  time  of  bakeing,  or 
else  they  shall  carry  or  cause  to  be  carryed  to  the  bakehouse  all  their 
bread  or  things  to  Ife  baked  and  their  to  attend  and  expect  the  making 
of  the  oven  ready  for  bakinge  thereof  by  the  space  of  halfe  an  houre  if 
needfull,  and,  if  it  be  not  ready  in  that  time,  they  shall  then  be  at 
liberty  to  carry  away  all  such  their  bread  and  other  bakeing  to  bee 
baked  elsewhere  att  their  respective  wills  and  pleasure.  And  soe  the 
duty  and  service  shall  bee  observed  untill  the  nixt  sitting  of  this  court. 
And  then  if  occasion  bee  both  sides  may  resort  back  to  bee  further  heard 
therein,  or  if  any  further  or  better  expedient  be  founde  out  in  the  meane 
time,  the  same  shall  then  alsoe  be  considered. 

4  Steven,  a  time  of  performing  any  action  previously  agreed  upon.     "  They  setten 
steven,"  they  appointed  a  time. — Morte  d' Arthur,  i.,  266. 


***  The  following  is  a  fragment  of  the  interrogatories  in  the  foregoing  case ;  "  Can 
defendant  Edward  carry  or  send  his  bread  to  he  haked  att  the  Bishopp's  bakehouse  in 
rayny  weather  or  wett  and  stormy  weather  without  hazarding  the  loss  of  the  same  or 
without  apparent  damage  or  prejudice  to  his  stuff  or  bread  ?  Doth  the  other  defendant 
Christopher  Mann  live  nearer  to  Gilligate  bakehouse  than  to  the  Bishopp's  bake- 
house ? 


219 


THE  ATTEMPT  TO  ANNEX  GATESHEAD  TO  NEWCASTLE 

IN  1575. 

THERE  were  at  least  three  attempts  made  to  annex  Gateshead  to  New- 
castle. One  was  carried  out  in  1552,  during  the  disturbing  reign  of 
Edward  VI.,  and  while  the  see  was  vacant  by  the  deprivation  of  Tun- 
stal.  The  reasons  assigned  for  the  act  were  the  flight  of  offenders  from 
Newcastle  into  the  jurisdiction  of  Gateshead,  the  deposit  or  rubbish  in 
the  Tyne  by  Gatesiders,  and  the  ruinous  state  of  the  Gateshead  portion 
of  the  bridge.  The  act  was  repealed  by  Mary  when  she  restored  Bishop 
Tunstal  to  his  see  of  Durham,  the  annexing  statute  having  been  com- 
passed by  the  "  sinister  labour,  great  malice,  and  corrupt  means"  of  am- 
bitious persons  then  in  power. 

Concerning  the  second  attempt,  during  Elizabeth's  reign,  we  have 
highly  interesting  evidences  among  the  State  Papers,  and  these  are  now 
submitted  to  the  Society.  It  must  be  premised  that  the  see  was  again 
vacant  by  the  death  of  Bishop  Pilkington.  The  first  document  is  written 
in  ignorance  of  some  considerations  submitted  to  Lord  Burghley  by 
Newcastle. 

To  THE  EIGHT  HONORABLE  THE  LORD  BURGHLET,  LORD  HIGHB  TREA- 
STJROR  OF  ENGLANDE. 

In  most  humble  wise  showe  to  your  honorable  Lordshipp  the  Bur» 
geses  and  Comunaltye  of  the  borroughe  of  Gateshed,  in  the  countye  of 
Durham,  in  whiche  borrowghe  there  are  to  the  nomber  of  fower  hundred 
housholders  and  dyvers  artificers  usinge  freelye  their  artes  and  misteries 
and  other  lawdable  customes  of  theyr  said  towne ;  and  the  said  Burgeses 
and  Comynaltie  doe  holde  the  said  bourrough  of  the  Bisshoppe  of  Derham, 
and  have  had  a  corporacion  of  Baylies,  Burgeses,  and  Comynaltie,  and 
have  had  cognizaunce  of  plea  and  execution  of  justice  in  the  said  bor- 
roughe. So  yt  is  and  yt  please  your  good  lordshippe  that  your  lord- 
shippes  said  oratours  are  given  to  understande  that  the  Maiour  and 
Aldermen  of  Newcastell  nowe  beinge  (there  nowe  beinge  no  Bisshoppe 
to  open  his  righte,  tytle,  and  liberties  of  his  said  towne),  have  made 
sute  to  your  lordshippe  to  have  the  said  borrough  annexed  and  incor- 
porated to  the  towne  of  Newcastell,  in  prejudice  of  the  said  bisshopp- 


220    THE  ATTEMPT  TO  ANNEX  GATESHEAD  TO  NEWCASTLE. 

ricke,  surmysinge  dy  vers  consideracions  (as  your  lordshipps  said  oralours 
have  harde)  the  rather  to  induce  your  lordshippe  to  yeilde  to  their  de- 
maunde.  Whereunto  your  lordshippes  said  oratours  can  make  no  aun- 
swere,  for  that  they  have  not  as  yet  understandinge  of  the  verye  maner 
and  certentye  of  their  said  surmyses  and  consideracions,  whiche,  when 
they  shall  understande  of,  they  doubte  not  but  to  aunswere  to  the  same 
fullie  and  sufficientlie,  and  make  prouife  that  the  requeste  and  suy  te  of  the 
said  towne  of  JSTewcastell  ys  to  the  prejudice  and  againste  the  former 
priviledges  of  the  said  borroughe  of  Gateshed  and  inheritaunce  of 
the  bisshoppricke  of  Durham,  and  that  all  the  causes,  mischeiffes, 
and  consideracions  alledged  by  the  said  towne  of  Newcastell,  to 
induce  your  lordshippe  to  yeilde  to  their  suyte  therein,  are  eyther 
untrewe  or  deservinge  small  remedye,  or  els  suche  as  maye  easelie 
receyve  remedie  without  eyther  prejudice  to  the  said  bishoppricke  or 
alteringe  the  state  and  corporacion  of  your  lordshipp's  said  oratours,  and 
other  greate  myscheiifes  which  therbye  will  growe  to  your  lordshippes 
said  oratours,  to  their  utter  undoinge,  yf  they  maye  not  be  receyved  to 
objecte  againste  suche  their  suyte  and  demaunde.  Maye  yt  therefore 
please  your  honorable  lordshipp,  of  your  accustomed  goodnes,  to  receyve 
and  admytte  your  lordshipp's  said  oratours  to  make  their  aunswere  and 
defence  to  the  said  suyte  and  demaunde,  as  to  here  the  matters  and 
causes  that  your  lordshippes  said  oratours  shall  open  to  your  good  lord- 
shippe in  the  premisses,  for  the  preservacion  of  their  liberties,  rightes, 
and  freedome,  before  your  lordshipp  offer  eyther  your  lordshippe's  favour, 
aide,  or  helpe  to  the  said  suyte  of  the  said  towne  of  Newcastell.  For  yf 
their  said  suyte  shoulde  take  effecte  as  larglie  and  amplye  as  they  pre- 
tende,  the  same  will  tourae  to  the  utter  overthrowe  of  the  whole 
borroughe  of  Gateshed,  and  but  to  the  pryvate  proffitte  of  a  fewe  of  the 
said  towne  of  Neweeastell.  For  which  your  lordshipp's  honorable  favour 
herein,  your  lordship's  said  oratours  shall  moste  hartelye  praye  for 
your  good  lordshipp  in  all  honour  and  felicytie  longe  to  lyve. 

On  parchment,  endorsed — "3  Martij. — The  Maiour,1 
Burgesses,  and  Cominalty  of  Gatesyde,  against  the  sute 
.of  the  Maiour  and  Connninaltie  of  Newcastle,  for  the 
annexing  of  that  borrough  to  theires." 

On  the  7th,  we  have  a  rough  document  scarcely  better  than  a  draft 
(upon  paper),  to  the  following  effect : — 

CERTEN  INCONVEYNIANCES  THAT   MAY  ARISE  BY  THE   UNYTING  or  THE 
BROTJGH  or  GATESHED  UNTO  THE  TOWNE  OF  KEWCASTELL. 

Itm.  That  where  as  the  brough  of  Gateshed,  having  Bailife,  Bur- 
gesies,  and  a  greate  nombre  of  Comynaltie,  to  the  nombre  at  the  least 
of  iij.m>  parsons  or  their  aboutes,  have  heretofore,  for  the  space  of  iiij.c> 
yeres  and  above,  occupied  freely  their  artes  and  mysteryes,  which  was 
only  the  stay  of  their  lyvrng :  It  may  by  this  unyting  come  to  passe 

1  For  this  designation  the  orators  are  not  responsible.  It  proceeds  from  some  one 
in  the  Lord  Treasurer's  chambers. 


THE  ATTEMPT  TO  ANNEX  GATESHEAD  TO  NEWCASTLE.       221 

that  the  Maiour  of  Newcastell  and  his  brethren  shall  shutt  upp  their 
shoppes  of  the  said  artifycers,  and  stopp  thyer  trades  and  occupieing, 
which  heretofore  they  have  frely  used,  the  which,  if  it  so  shall  fall  out, 
wilbe  an  utter  undoing  and  a  beggeryng  of  the  whole  towne. 

Itm.  That  where  as  certen  poore  men  of  Gateshed  have  by  the  con  - 
sent  of  the  Bushopp,  nowe  decessed,  and  the  Justices  of  the  Shire, 
buylded  certen  shoppes  and  howses  upon  that  part  of  the  bridge  which 
doth  apperteyne  unto  countie  of  Busshoprick,  the  which  shoppes  and 
houses  were  seassed  [cessed]  and  rented  by  the  said  Busshopp  and 
Justices  for  the  repayring  of  the  said  bridge  :  It  may  come  to  passe  that 
the  Maiour  of  Newcastle  and  his  brethren,  shall,  by  vertue  of  the  said 
unyting,  take  the  said  howses  and  shoppes  to  them  selves,  and  sease  the 
same  at  thier  owne  pleasures,  which  shalbe  an  utter  undoing  to  certen 
poore  men  and  thier  children,  who  at  thier  great  costes  and  chardges 
buylded  the  same. 

Thirdly.  That  where  as  their  doth  apperteyne  unto  the  Bailife,  Bur- 
geses,  and  Comminaltie  of  Gateshed,  by  vertue  of  a  certen  auncyant 
grant,  certen  commens  and  pastures,  which  the  said  towne  of  Gateshed 
have  of  a  longe  tyme  enjoyed  without  any  lett  or  disturbance  :  It  may 
come  to  passe  by  the  said  unyting  that  the  towne  of  Newcastell  shall 
clayine  an  enterest  or  title  unto  thies  commodities,  the  which  will  bring 
the  poore  brough  of  Gateshed  to  extreme  myserye. 

Last  of  alle,  we  are  the  rather  induced  to  thinke  that  thies  thinges 
will  come  to  passe  by  the  said  unyting  of  the  townes,  for  that  heretofore, 
contrary,  as  it  may  seme,  to  all  justice,  they  have  had  a  great  disdayne 
at  the  said  towne  of  Gateshed,  in  so  moche  that  they  have,  by  thier 
aucthoritie,  heretofore  prohibited  the  said  townsmen  of  Gateshed,  as  tan- 
ners and  others,  to  buy  and  selle  in  the  Quenes  high  markett,  so  that 
those  which  have  come  to  buy  wares  or  sell  any  in  the  said  markett, 
they  have  troubled  them  by  way  of  arrest  and  ymprisonment ;  and  this 
wee  dare  be  bold  to  prove,  or  else  to  suffer  punyshment  accordingly. 

Many  more  inconveniaunces  myght  ensue  by  this   unytinge  of  the 
townes,  which  we  are  not  able  to  declare,  because  we  have  not  [con- 
ferred with  the  burgesses  of  the  said  towne — erased^  time  to  con sy dor 
of  the  premises,  and  therefor  are  ignoraunte  of  such  inconveniaunces 
Endorsed—"  7  Mar.  1575  [6]." 

Accompanying  this  is  a  fair  paper  writing,  with  the  same  title  as  the 
last.  It  is  printed  by  Mr.  Surtees,2  as  in  opposition  to  the  passing  of  the 
Act  of  Edward  VI. ;  but  the  mention  of  the  Queen  and  the  late  rebel- 
lion of  the  Rising  of  the  North  sufficiently  identify  it  with  the  present 
proceeding,  independently  of  its  address  to  Master  Bell,  the  Speaker  of 
Parliament,  and  its  existence  as  a  State  Paper  of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth. 
It  states  the  situation  of  Gateshead  and  its  charge  to  the  assessments  of 
Durham,  which  ought  to  be  continued  if  the  act  passed.  The  town  was 
ruled  by  the  Bailiff  and  Burgesses,  and  was  as  well  governed,  as  to  justice 

2  Vol.  ii.,  p.  111. 
VOL.  ii.  2  G 


222        THE  ATTEMPT  TO  ANNEX  GATESHEAD  TO  NEWCASTLE. 

and  keeping  clean  the  river,  as  Newcastle,  the  South  side  of  the  stream 
being  deeper  than  the  North  side.  The  act  proposed  to  be  revived  an- 
nexed Gateshead  to  Newcastle,  to  be  parcel  thereof  and  not  of  the  County 
Palatine;  and  yet  had  a  proviso  leaving  the  inhabitants  for  punishment 
in  Durham,  so  that  they  would  be  under  the  rule  and  correction  of  the 
Corporation  of  Newcastle,  the  Justices  of  Durham,  and  the  "Wardens  and 
Stewards  of  the  Trades  in  Gateshead.  The  act  provided  that  it  should 
not  extend  to  take  away  any  common;  and  there  were  1,000  acres  and 
more  belonging  to  Gateshead  and  adjoining  towns.  But  if  these  towns 
\_sic']  were  annexed,  they  might  put  all  their  cattle  to  eat  with  Gateshead, 
or  enclose,  and  have  the  coal  of  Gateshead  Moor,  which,  if  won,  were  a 
disinherison  to  the  see  of  10,000?.  The  county  would  want  the  help  of 
Gateshead  in  bearing  the  assessed  charges  of  the  county.  Finally,  if  the 
union  took  place,  Gateshead  would  be  replenished  with  evil  persons  and 
thieves,  being  outside  the  walls,  as  was  the  north  part  of  Newcastle ; 
whereas,  now,  there  were  a  great  number  of  substantial  find  true  sub- 
jects, as  the  late  rebellion  testified,  merchants,  drapers,  and  other  arti- 
ficers, envied  by  Newcastle  because  they  dwelt  so  nigh  to  it. 

This  was  addressed  to  Master  Bell,3  the  Speaker  of  Parliament.  An- 
other paper  was  sent  to  Lord  Burghley  : — 

To  THE  RIGHT  HONORABLE  SIR  WILLIAM  CECTLL,   KNIGHT,  BARON  OF 
BURGHLEY,  AND  LORDE  HIGHE  TREASORER  OF  ENGLAND. 

Humblye  shewen  and  besechen  your  honour  your  poore  ora tours  the 
inhabytauntes  of  the  brough  of  Gateside,  in  the  countye  of  Durisrne. 
That  where  as  there  is  exhibited  into  the  Highe  Courte  of  Parlyament 
one  bill  for  the  unitinge  of  the  townes  of  New  Castell  and  Gateside 
aforesaid  together,  thies  inconvenyences  ensuinge  by  the  unitinge  of  the 
same  townes  will  ensue  unto  the  said  boroughe  of  Gateside,  to  the  utter 
undoinge  of  the  poore  inhabytauntes  therof,  if  the  same  bill  shall  take 
eifecte. 

1.  First,  Whereas  it  is  said,  in  the  said  bill,  that  the  nowe  inhabyt- 
auntes of  Gatesyde  shall  not  be  hyndred  to  occupie  suche  trades  as  they 
have  used ;  nevertheles  by  equitye  of  the  said  bill,  when  the  nowe  in- 
habytauntes are  dedd  or  gon,  theire  preentices  and  children,  and  suche  as 
shall  succede  them,  shalbe  utterly  barred  of  all  occupyinge. 

2.  Item,  It  is  likewise  said,  in  the  said  bill,  that  the  said  inhabyt- 

3  Robert  Bell,  Esq.,  afterwards  Sir  Robert  Bell,  was  presented  by  the  Commons  for 
their  Speaker,  and,  with  the  usual  ceremonies,  approved  on  the  10th  May,  1572. 
John  Popham,  Esq.,  Solicitor- General,  was  chosen  by  the  Commons,  on  the  20th 
January,  1580,  in  the  place  of  "  Sir  Robert  Bell,  Knight,  Lord  Chief  Baron  of  the 
Exchequer,  their  mouth  and  speaker,  lately  dead." 


THE  ATTEMPT  TO  ANNEX  GATESHEAD  TO  NEWCASTLE.       223 

auntes  shall  not  be  charged  with  the  repayre  of  the  bridge  above  iijd. 
the  pounde  of  theire  goodes  and  landes,  and  the  towne  of  Newe  Castell 
to  be  theire  cessours,  whereby  it  is  ment  that  the  inhabytauntes  of  Gate- 
syde  shall  be  charged  and  cessed  by  theire  goodes,  which  exaccion  was 
never  before  laid  upon  the  [poore — erased^  inhabytauntes  of  Gateside. 

3.  Item,  Whereas  it  is  said,  in  the  said  bill,  that  every  inhabitant  of 
Gateside,  servinge  with  a  free  man  in  Newe  Castell  in  any  arte  or  mis- 
tery,  shalbe  afterward  demed  as  a  free  man,  whiche  is  no  benefite  to  the 
towne  of  Gateside,  for  they  will  never  take  any  of  the  towne  of  Gateside 
to  be  theire  prentices,  nether  suffer,  by  vertue  of  theire  private  orders 
which  they  have  amonge  them  selfes,  any  of  Gateside  to  take  aprentyce. 
Wherof  it  will  ensue,  that  the  poore  men  of  Gatesyde,  becomyng  aged 
and  cannot  take  apprentices,  shall  be  dryven  to  begge  when  they  be  past 
labour,  so  that  of  free  burgesses  they  shall  be  brought  into  extreme 
bondage. 

4.  Item,  By  reason  of  the  said  statute,  if  it  precede,  the  sonnes  and 
prentices  of  the  inhabitauntes  of  Gateside  shall  never  be  made  free,  so 
as  in  contynuaunce  of  tyme  the  towne  shall  be  dispeopled,  and  so  of  an 
auncyent  boroughe  shalbe  made  a  deflate  place. 

5.  Item,  Whereas  every  straunger  commynge  into  the  towne  did  first 
agree  with  the  Bisshop  and  the  Company  of  his  occupacion  before  he  was 
suffered  to  occupie,  this  benefyte  by  this  bill  is  ment  to  be  taken  bothe 
from  the  Bisshopp  and  the  artifycers  of  the  towne. 

6.  Item,  Wheras  the  Bisshopp' s  Steward  kepte  a  eourte  every  fort- 
night, or  as  often  as  nede  did  require,  if  this  statute  precede  that  bene- 
fyte shalbe  taken  from  hym. 

7.  Item,  Wheras  there  is  a  suggestyon  made  that  they  seke  to  unite 
the  townes  for  preservacion  of  the  river,  there  are  such  noisome  consty- 
tucions,  ordennances,  and  lawes,  made  in  the  courtes  of  Gateside,  by  the 
Baylifes  and  Burgesses,  and  the  same  so  well  kepte,  that  the  ryver  is 
cleper  on  that  side  that  belongeth  to  Gatesyde  then  the  other  syde  is. 

8.  Item,  Wheras  the  Bailif  hathe  his  office  by  patent  from  the  Bisshop, 
a  parte  wherof  is  to  ponnyshe  the  offenders,  yf  this  statute  may  precede, 
that  parte  of  his  office  shalbe  taken  awaye. 

9.  Item,  Wheras  the  p'son  hathe  a  certen  pryveledge  in  a  strete  in 
one  parte  of  the  towne.  by  vertue  wherof  he  dothe  yerely  kepe  a  eourte, 
havinge  his  officer  to  se  faltes  corrected,  which  are  founde  by  twelve 
men  at  the  same  eourte,  this  benefyte  shall  by  this  bill  be  taken  awaie. 

Wherfore  and  forasmuche,  right  honorable,  as  not  only  thies  incon- 
veniences, but  a  greate  nomber  moe,  are  like  to  ensue  to  the  poore  towne 
and  inhabitauntes  of  Gateside,  to  the  overthrowe  of  nere  ml  m1  m1 
[3  000]  people,  if  this  bill  maye  take  effecte,  bysides  a  nomber  also  of 


224    THE  ATTEMPT  TO  ANNEX  GATESHEAD  TO  NEWCASTLE. 

inconveniencies  whiche  maye  ensue  to  the  Bishop  therby,  it  maye  please 
your  honour  for  charitie's  sake  to  be  a  meane  that  the  said  bill  do  not 
precede,  or  els  that  your  oratours  maye  be  free  of  Newe  Castell.  And 
your  poore  oratours  shall  dailye  praie  for  your  honour  in  helth,  with 
increase  of  happy  felycytie,  longe  to  ly ve. 

Endorsed — (date  hidden,  but  apparently  12  Mar.) — 
"  The  Inhabetauntz  of  Gatesyde.  Articles  against  the 
Bill  exhibited  by  those  of  Newcastle." 

Yet  probably  all  this  would  have  gone  for  little,  had  not  private  influ- 
ence been  used.  Sir  'William  Eleetwood,  Eecorder  of  London,  was  also 
Escheator  of  Durham  under  Bishop  Pilkington,  and  during  the  vacancy  of 
the  see  after  his  death.  And  here  is  his  warm  representation  : — 

To  THE  RIGHT  HONORABLE  AND  MY  SYNGULER  GOOD  LORD,  MY  LORD  TREA- 
SOUHER  OF  ENGLAND. 

My  very  good  Lord,— As  I  have  great  cause  to  thanke  your  honour  for 
my  selff,  even  so  I  doo  most  humbly  render  the  lyke  to  your  good  lord- 
shipp  for  the  bisshopryke  of  Duresme.  I  have  alweys  found  your  lord- 
shipp  the  pratron  of  that  countrey.  Your  lordshipp  haithe  those  that  in 
that  countrey  dowe  pray  for  your  lordshipp  and  love  yow.  I  do  most 
humbly  beseche  yowr  honour  to  continue  your  favorable  countenaunce 
towardes  the  same  countrye.  How  derely  I  love  that  countie,  and  all 
the  partes  thereof,  God,  that  knoweth  the  secrettes  of  all  mens  hartes, 
can  witnes.  There  is  no  bishopp  in  the  parliament  to  speake  fortheym. 
They  have  neyther  knyghtes  for  the  shire  nor  burges  of  any 
towne  in  that  countrey.  Surely,  my  Lord,  God  will  blesse  theym 
that  shall  speake  for  the  countrey.  The  towne  of  Gatessyde  is 
a  corporate  towne,  an  auncient  borowgh,  the  keye  of  the  countie 
pallantyne,  the  people  religeus,  godly,  and  good  Protestannes>  and, 
besides,  men  of  good  welthe,  and  very  civill  of  behaveier.  The  towne 
of  Newcastell  are  all  Papistes,  save  Anderson,  and  yet  is  he  so  knitt  in 
suche  sort  with  the  Papistes  that  A.iunt,  ant ;  negant,  negat.  I  under- 
stand that  the  towne  of  Newcastell,  enflamed  with  ambicion  and  malice, 
sycke  in  a  sorte  to  joyne  Gatessyde  to  the  Newcastell.  My  Lorde,  I 
beseeche  your  lordshipp,  lett  us  not  be  trobled  with  it  in  the  Common 
Howse,  but  stay  it  above,  and  the  poore  towne,  and  all  wee  of  the 
bisshoprick,  shall  pray  for  your  lordshipp. 

Your  lordshipp's  most  humble 

W.  ELETEWOODE. 

Endorsed — "  12  Mart.  1575.— The  Eecorder  of  London 
to  my  L.,  that  the  Bill  concerninge  Gateshede  may  not 
passe." 

The  bill  did  not  pass.  Another  attempt  was  made  to  the  same  effect 
in  1646,  the  troubles  of  the  times  being  taken  advantage  of,  as  were  the 


THE  ATTEMPT  TO  ANNEX  GATESHEAD  TO  NEWCASTLE.       225 

vacancies  on  previous  occasions.  That  there  was  some  reason  for  the 
assertion  concerning  the  state  of  religion  in  Newcastle  cannot  be  doubted. 
We  have  in  it  an  explanation  of  the  opposition  to  Knox,  and  of  the  per- 
mission to  bury  Mrs.  Dorothy  Lawson  after  the  manner  of  her  own 
church.  I  was  about  to  add,  that  here  was  one  reason  that  the  fires  of 
Smithfield  never  blazed  here ;  but  Tunstall's  diocese  contained  Gates- 
head  also.  I  find  a  more  genuine  explanation  in  his  own  heart,  and 
perhaps  the  remembrance  that  he  had  served  other  masters. 

W.  HYLTON  DYER  LONGSTAFFE,  F.S.A. 


226 


THE  MARKET  AND  FAIR  AT  GATESHEAD. 

FOILED  in  their  attempt  to  annex  Gateshead  to  Newcastle,  we  find 
the  Mayor,  Aldermen,  and  Coramunalty  of  Newcastle  resorting,  almost 
the  very  next  year,  to  the  rather  notorious  "  York  Court"  against  the 
usages  of  the  southern  borough.  An  office  copy  of  the  depositions  is  or 
was  in  the  vestry  of  Gateshead  Church,  and  their  contents  form  an  ap- 
propriate appendage  to  the  foregoing  paper.  The  language  of  the  inter- 
rogatories is  repeated  in  the  answers,  and  the  Gateshead  witnesses 
were  so  agreed,  that  the  statement  of  one  witness,  with  the  little  ad- 
ditions furnished  by  others,  will  generally  suffice.  The  evidence  is  mar- 
shalled here  under  the  numbers  of  the  interrogatories,  so  as  to  keep  that 
on  each  subject  together,  and  while  technicalities  and  tautology  are 
struck  out,  the  remaining  words  of  the  original  are  adhered  to. 

THE  MAYOR,  BURGESSES,  AND    COMONALTYE  OP   NEWCASTLE,  Plaintiffs, 

against  RICHARD  NATTRES,  Defendant. 

DEPOSYTIONS  or  DIVERS  WYTNESSES   PRODUCT   AND   SWORNE  BEFORE  THE 
LORDE  PRESYDENT  AND  COUNSELL  ESTABLYSHED  IN  THE  NORTH  PARTES 

AND  EXAMYNED  BY  THE  ExAMYNER  THERE. 

DEPOSICIONS  ON  BEHALF  OF  RICHARD  NATTRES,  DEFENDANT. 

1.  Eborum.  10  Junii  20  Eliz.  [1578.]  John  Browne  of  Gatesyde, 
marchant,  about  the  age  of  46.  Doth  knowe  the  complaynant  and  de- 
fendant and  the  towne  of  Gatesyde  :  hath  knowne  the  same  by  the  space 
of  22  yeres. — Eborum  3  Julii,  Robert  Plomptone  of  "Bowdone,  husband- 
man, lower  skore.  Hath  knowne  defendant  12  yeres,  and  Gatesyde  three 
skore  yeres  and  more. — Thomas  Thomsone  of  Gatesyde,  joyner,  75.  Hath 
knowne  defendant  about  a  dosen  yeres,  and  Gatesyde  ever  synce  he  colde 
remember  anye  thinge,  for  he  was  borne  there.  —  Wyllm.  Dixon  of 
Gaytesyde,  butcher,  thre  skore  and  thre.  Hath  knowne  defendant  12 
yeres,  and  Gatesyde  ever  synce  he  colde  remember  anye  thinge.  — 

Wyllm.  Wylkinsone  of  Gaytesyde,  butcher,  thre  skore  and  sex.  Hath 
knowne  defendant  12  yeres,  and  Gatesyde  ever  synce  he  colde  remember. 
—  Robert  Ayer  of  "Whitborne,  husbandman,  thre  skore  and  sex.  Hath 
knowne  defendant  9  or  10  yeres,  and  Gatesyde  50  yeres  and  more.  — 

Wyllm.  Roweslye  of  Whitborne,  thre  skore  and  thre.  Hath  knowne  de- 
fendant 12  yeres,  and  Gatesyde  all  his  lyfe  synce  he  was  of  anye  yeres 
of  discretyon.  —  Christofer  Atkinson  of  Whitborne,  husbandman,  75. 


THE  MARKET  AND  FAIR  AT  GATESHEAD.  227 

Hath  knowne  defendant  12  yeres,  and  Gatesydo  thre  skore  yeres  and 
more.  —  Johne  Hutchensone  of  Whitborne,  husbandman,  thre  skore  and 
sex.  Hath  knowne  defendant  7  yeres,  but  Gatesyde  these  thre  skore 
yeres.  —  John  Browne  of  Gatesyde,  pedler,  42.  Hath  knowne  the 
towne  30  yeres,  and  defendant  26  yeres. 

2.  Browne.  The  towne  of  Gatesyde  ys  as  yt  is  reported  ane  antyent 
towne  or  broughe  belonginge  the  Byshope  of  Durhame  and  his  prede- 
cessors. —  Plompton.    The  towne  ys  and  duryng  all  examinate's  remem- 
brance hath  bene  ane  antyent  towne,  &c.     Hath  all  his  lyf  used  to 
resort  thyther,  and  hath  knowne  borough  courtes  kept  there  by  the 
Baylif  and  Burgesses  of  the  towne  in  the  name  of  the  Byshop  of  Dur- 
ham. —  Thomsons.  The  towne  ys  and  by  reporte  tyme  out  of  mynde  of 
man  hath  bene  ane  antyent  towne,  &c.     Knoweth  by  that  that  he  was 
borne  there.     Is  privye  that  there  ys  and  allwayes  hath  bene  duringe 
examinate's  remembrance  borowe  courtes,   &c.      Hath   knowne  a  toll 
taken  within  the  town  [at  the  south  end  of  the  Bridge,  Dixon]  to  th'  use 
of  the  Byshopp.  —  Dixon.  Was  borne  within  a  myle  thereof.     There 
are  borow  courtes  kept  there  by  the  Baylyf  and  Burgeses  in  the  name  of 
the  Byshop  ;  besydes  which  courtes  there  ar  comonlye  every  fortenighte 
courtes  kept  there  in  the  name  of  the  Bishop  by  the  Baylyf  and  Bur- 
geses. —  Wilkinsone.    Examinate's  knowledge  extendeth  to  50  yeres, 
for  so  long  examinate  hath  dwelt  in  Gatesyde,  and  for  20  yeres  hath 
bene  one  of  the  burgeses.  —  Browne,  pedler.  Hath  dwelt  in  Gatesyde 
and  resorted  thither  at  tymes  30  yeres.     Is  now  a  fre  man  and  one  of 
the  Burgeses. 

3.  Brown.  Hath  sene  and  harde  certayne  old  and  antyent  recordes  or 
writinges  red,  whereby  yt  doth  apeare  that  th'inhabytantes  within  the 
towne  or  broughe  of  Gatesyde  were  incorporated  by  the  name  of  Baylif, 
Burgesses,  and  Comonaltye  [or  by  the  names  of  Burgeses,  Interrogatory^, 
by  a  Byshop  of  Durhame,  and  the  same  hath  bene  also  ratyfyed  and  al- 
lowed by  the  successors  of  the  Byshopp.  —  Plomptone.    He  verylye 
taketh  that  th'enhabytants  ys  and  durynge  examinate's   remembrance 
and  by   reporte   tyme  out  of  mynde  hath  been  incorporate,   &c.,  by  a 
Byshop  of  Duihame,  &c.     The  inhabytantes  have  severall  companyes  of 
sundrye  occupatyons  which  are  counted  Freemen  and  Burgesses  of  the 
towne,  who  will  not  permyt  any  person  that  hath  not  bene  apprentyce 
there  to  sett  up  and  worke  in  the  towne  unles  the  persone  do  agree  with 
theme  that  ar  of  the  occupacion  that  he  is  of  and  with  the  Baylif  [and 
Burgeses,    Wylkinsone.~\  — •    Th^msone.    Ys  a  Freeman  of  the  towne. 
Hath  sene  and  harde  certaine  old  writings  red,   &c.  —  Dixon.     For  30 
yeres  hath  bene  one  of  the  Burgeses.  —  Wylkimone.  Hath  sene  stalledge 
moneye  taken  to  th'use  of  the  Byshopp  within  the  towne  of  persons  not 
fre  there.     There  are  Fre  men  of  dyvers  companyes,  whereof  examinant 
is  one.  —  Browne,  pedler.    The  inhabytants  have  a  comon  seale  belong- 
ing to  the  towne. 

4.  Browne.  The  marchantes,  occupyers,  handy  craftesmen,  and  others 
the  inhabitantes  within  the  towne  duryng  examinate's  knowledge,  and 
by  repute  tyme  out  of  mynde,  have  had  and  used  to  bye,  bargaine,  utter, 


228  THE  MARKET  AND  FAIR  AT  GATESHEAD. 

retayle,  and  put  to  sayle  in  theyre  houses  and  shoppes  within  the  towne 
or  broughe  all  such  wares,  marchandices,  and  goodes  as  they  have  used 
to  trade  or  traficke,  and  to  use  all  lawfull  bargaines  [and  chivanses, 
Plomptone]  at  theire  will  and  pleasure.  —  Plomtone.  Hath  bought 
dyvers  things  that  he  stode  nede  of  of  the  inhabytantes  and  artificers 
there. 

5.  Browne.     Hath  harde  yt  reported  that  there  hath  bene  heretofore 
two  market  dayes  in  the  weke  kept  in  the  towne,  enenst  the-  Towle 
Boothe,  and  about  a  crosse  which  stood  there.  —  Plomptone.  Hath  sene 
a  market  or  fayer  kept  wekelye  in  the  towne  uppon  two  dayes  in  the 
weke,  that  ys  to  saye  uppon  the  Tewsdaye  and  Frydaye  or  Saterdaye, 
betwene  the  Toll  Bothe  and  the  Pante  or  condyte  there,  and  at  the 
south   ende  of  Tyne   Brige,  at  a   place  there  called   Brige  Yeate.  — 
Thomsone.  Hath  sene  a  market  kept  betwene  the  Toll  Bothe  and  the 
condyte  or  Pante  wekely,  upon  Tewsdaye  and  Frydaye,  uppon  which 
market  dayes  there  was  breade,  beanes,  salte,  and  other  thynges  solde  at 
the  south  ende  of  the  Bridge  of  Tyne,  on  the  south  side  of  a  stone  called 
the  Blewe  Stone.    Also  hath  knowne  a  fayer  kept  in  the  aforesayd  places 
uppon  the  feast  daye  of  St.  Peter  ad  vincula  comonly  called  Lamas 
daye.  —  Dixon.  Hath  knowne  and  sene  that  there  hath  bene  a  market 
kept  weekelye  uppon  the  Tewsdaye  and  Saterdaye,  howbeyt  althoughe 
one  of  the  said  market  dayes  was  kept  uppon  the  Saterdaye,  yet  Fry- 
daye  was  accounted  the  market  daye  by  right.      Cannot  remember  of 
any  fayer  that  hath  been  kept  there,  savinge  that  allways  uppon  Lamas 
daye,  uppon  which  daye  there  ys  a  fayer  holden  in  Newcastell,  th'en- 
habytants  of  Gatesyde  do  make  all  thinges  redye  and  prepare  for  a  fayer 
in  Gaytesyde,  and  sett  out  theire  wares  to  sale.    There  ys  a  Bull  Ringe  in 
Gaytesyde  and  and  there  was   also  a  crosse  standinge  there  which  was 
used  to  be  called  the  Market  Crosse.  —  Ayer.  There  hath  bene  a  mar- 
ket within  the  said  towne  or  broughe  within  these  fyftye  yeres  wekelye 
uppon  the  Tewsdaye  and  Frydaye.     There  was  a  fayer  kept  yerelye 
uppon  Lamas  daye,  throughout  the  said  towne,  for  uppon  that  daye 
th'enhabytantes  there  dyd  comonly e  prepare  for  a  fayer,  and   dyvers 
thynges  that  daye  were  broughte  thither  and  there  placed  to  be  solde, 
and  solde  accordinglye.  —  Browne,  pedler.    Hathe   harde  yt  reported 
that  there  hathe  bene  a  market  kepte  wekelye  twice  in  the  weke  uppon 
the  Tewsdaye  and  Frydaye. 

6.  Browne.  Dyd  never  knowe  or  see  any  market  kept  there,  and 
therefore  cannot  anye  furder  depose,  savynge  that  within   these  fyve 
ycres  last  past  he  hath  sene  horses  brought  to  the  towne  and  there  sold 
openlye  uppon  anye  daye  in  the  weke  about  the  Toll  Boothe,  where, 
by  report,  the  market  was  kept.  —  Plomptone.    Hath  sene  both  corne 
andcattell  and  other  marchandyces  brought  and  placed  within  the  towne 
there  to  be  openlye  sold  within  the  market  in  the  foresaid  places  upon 
the  foresaid  market  dayes  thre  skore  yeres  agoo  and  synce.     Howbeyt 
now  of  late  tyme  the  market  hath  not  so  muche  bene  occupyed  with 
corne  and  cattell  as  heretofore  examinate  hath  sene  the  same  occupyed. 
About    thre  skore  yeres  synce  he  hath  known  wheat  and  bigg,  and 


THE  MARKET  AND  FAIR  AT  GATESHEAD.  229 

cattell  brought  and  placed  between  the  Toll  Both  and  the  Pante  or 
condyte,  and  beanes,  and  pease,  otemeale,  and  other  things  brought  and 
placed  at  the  Brigg  Yeate  and  there  sold.     And  as  yet  there  ys  corne 
used  to  be  brought  thither  and  solde  there  and  sometimes  cattell.  — *- 
Thomsone.  Hath  sene  corne,  cattells,  and  other  merchandyces  brought  and 
placed  upon  the  market  and  fayer  dayes  to  be  openlye  solde  in  the  places 
aforesayd,   where  and  when  exam,  hath  sene  the  sayd  merchandyces 
openlye  bought  and  solde.  —  Dixon.    Hath  sene  wheat,  rye,  bigge,  and 
cattell  brought  and  placed  betwene  the  Toll  Bothe  and  the  Pante,  to  be 
openlye  sold  in  the  said  market  and  solde  accordinglye ;  and  peas  and 
beanes,  salte,  bread,  and  grotes  lykewise  at  the  Brigg  Yeate  to  be  open- 
lye solde  in  the  said  market  and  solde  accordinglye.  —  Wylkinsone* 
Say  the  as  is  deposed  by  his  cotestis  Thomsone,  howbeyt  he  hath  not 
sene  cattell  brought  to  the  market  or  fayer  or  solde  there.  —  Ayer.  To 
both  places  he  hath  sene  corne  and  other  goods  brought  and  placed  to 
be  openly  sold  uppon  the  market  dayes.     For  these  50  yeres  hath  yerely 
frequented  and  used  to  the  towne  and  the  markets,  and  hath  sene  bothe 
corne  and  other  goods  brought  thither  to  be  openlye  solde  and  solde 
accordingly e.     Hymselfe  hath  openlye  sold  corne  there.     Hath  bene  at 
the  said  fayer  [uppon  Lamas  daye]   and  bought  such  thynges  as  he 
nedede.  —  Rowesbye.  Saythe  as  Ayer,  for  himselfe  hathe  alsoe  broughte 
and  sent  corne  to  the  said  market,  and  there  solde  the  same  and  bought 
such  thinges  as  he  neded.  — -  Atkinson.  Saithe  as  Ayer.     Hath  brought 
corne  to  the  market  and  there  sold  the  same.     There  was  used  to  be 
solde  at  the  Southe  ende  of  the  Bridge,  beanes,  peas,  salte,  otemeale, 
eggs,  breade  butter,  and  chese;  and  betwene  the  Toll  Bothe  and  the 
Pante  there  was  solde  wheate  and  bigge,  and  sometymes  there  was 
cattells  brought  thither  to  the  said  market  and  solde.  —  Hutchinsone.  As 
Ayer,  and  addethe  as  Atkinsone.  —  Browne,  pedler.  Hathe  bene  informed 
by  olde  men  there,  there  hath  bene  corne,  as  wheate  and  bigge,  broughte 
and  placed  between  the  Toll  Bothe  and  the  Pante  to  be  solde  and  there 
solde,  and  beanes,  peas,  salte,  otemeale,  bread,  and  other  things  on  this 
syde  the  Blewe  Stone.     Hath  heretofore  tyrne  sene  a  toll  takeim  at  the 
southe  ende  of  the  Bridge  by  th'enhabytantes  of  the  towne  to  the  use  of 
the  By  shop,  which  toll  th'enhabytantes  of  Newcassell  no  we  hath  in 
farme  of  the  By  shop. 

7.  Browne.  Defendant  doth  and  for  these  15  yeres  hath  inhabited  in 
the  towne  of  Gatesyde,  and  all  that  tyme  hath  used  the  scyence  and  fac- 
ultye  of  a  raarchant  and  chapman  within  the  sayd  towne.  \Browne, 
pedler,  agrees.]  —  Plumptone,  12  yeres.  [The  other  witnesses  agree 
with  him,  except  Ayer  and  Hutchinson,  who  only  speak  during  their 
knowledge  of  defendant.] 

ON  THE  PARTYE  AND  BEHALF  OF  THE  MAYOR,  BURGESSES,  AND  COMMON- 
ALTYE  OF  NEWCASTELL  TJPPON  TYNE,  COMPLAINANT. 

Eborum.  1  Oct.  20  Eliz.  Nycholas  Alleyne,  of  Gatesyde,  chapman, 
about  the  age  of  thre  skore  yeres,  product,  sworn  and  examined. 

1 .    [Whether  the  complaynants  ar  lawfullye  seazed  in  theire  demeane 
YOL.  n.  2  H. 


230  THE  MARKET  AND  FAIR  AT  GATESHEAD. 

as  of  fee  as  in  the  righte  of  theire  corporacion  of  and  upon  the  same 
towne  [of  Newcastell],  and  of  all  fayers,  towles,  and  comodytyes  to  the 
same  belonginge ;  and  hold  the  same  of  the  Queene's  Majestye  by  pay- 
enge  for  the  same  100/.  yerelye  for  a  fee  farme:]  he  cannot  certainlye 
depose,  for  he  is  not  prevye  to  theire  corporacion.  Useth  to  paye  toll  in 
Newcastell  for  all  suche  thinges  as  he  buyethe  there. 

2.  Duringe  tyme  of  examinate's  remembrance,  which  is  30  yeres,  and 
by  reporte  tyme  out  of  mynde  of  man,  there  hath  bene  wekely  two  mar- 
ket dayes  yerelye  in  the  same  towne.     And  men  maye  daylye  everye 
daye  in  the  weke  by  wares  at  the  merchantes'  handes  there. 

3.  Hath  not  known  anye  other  markets  betwene  the  said  towne  and 
the  sea  in  anye  place  adjoyning  the  ryver  of  Tyne.      Ho  whey  t  as  exam, 
hath  harde  yt  reported  there  hath  heretofore  tyme  bene  a  market  kept 
in  Gatesyde,"  where  exam,  now  dwellethe.     And  indede  at  this  daye  and 
all  the  tyme  of  exam,  remembrance,  there  hath  bene  open  shoppes  kept 
and  wares  sold  openlye  out  of  the  same.      And  exam,  usethe  to  bye  any 
thinge  there  that  he  lyst.     And  [whether  by  prescryption  and  inquy- 
sy tione,  the  towne  of  Newcastell  have  this  priviledge  and  liberty e,  that 
no  other  persone  dwellinge  on  eyther  syde  of  the  ryver  of  Tyne  betwixte 
the  said  towne  and  the  sea,  sholde  kepe  any  shopp  or  seller  for  mer- 
chandyces  save  such  persones  as  dwell  in  Newcastell]  exam,  cannot  de- 
pose. 

4.  [As  to  whether  exam,  hath  knowne  any  fayers  or  markets  kept  by 
the  inhabitants  of  Gatesyde,  and  by  what  authorytye,  or  whether  they 
oughte  to  kepe  any  fayers  or  markets  at  all  there,  or  to  kepe  any  mar- 
chant  or  draper  shoppes  therein,  or  comonlye  to  sette  forthe  and  offer  to 
sale  anye  wares],  exam,  cannot  depose,  savinge  that  duringe  the  tyme 
of  exam,  remembrance  be  hath  sene  marchants  or  chapmen  and  drapers 
shoppes  kept  within  Gatesyde  by  th'enhabytants,  and  dothe  and  hath 
comonly  used  to  sett  forth  theire  wares.     And  as  yt  is  reported  there 
hath  bene  markets  and  fayers  kept  within  the  said  towne. 

5.  6.  [Whether  the  towne  of  Newcastell  is  seazed  upon  all  the  same 
fayers  and  markets,  and  oughte  to  have  the  libertye  and  benefite  of  the 
same  by  especyall  prescription,   and  whether  exam,  hath  knowne  the 
inhabytantes  of  Gatesyde  restrayned  or  forbidden  by  complainants  or 
their  predecessors  to  keep  any  fayers  or  markets  in  Gatesyde  or  openlye 
to  sett  to  sayle  any  wares  in  Gatesyde,   or  to  open  or  kepe  any  mar- 
chants  shopp  therein,  or  to  sett  forthe  any  stalls  or  boothes  with  anye 
kind  of  wares  to  be  solde  there  :  Item,  whether  the  inhabitants  of  Gates- 
syde  dyd  thereupon  refuse  or  leve  of  to  kepe  any  fayers  or  markets  or  to 
sell  or  sett  to  be  solde  anye  wares],  exam,  cannot  depose,  savinge  that 
the  complts.  or  their  predecessors  have  forbydden  defendant  and  others 
of  Gatesyde  to  offer  anye  wares   openly  to  be  solde,  or  to  open  or  kepe 
any  marchant's  shopp  therein.     Howbeit  the  inhabytantes  have  allways 
kept  open  theire  shopes  and  solde  their  wares  and  marchandyce  in 
Gatesyde. 


THE  MARKET  AND  FAIR  AT  GATESHEAD.  231 

7.  Th'  enhabitants  of  Gatesyde  during  tyme  of  exam,  knowledge  have 
used  and  bene  allowed  to  sell  any  kynde  of  wares,  &c.,  and  not  re- 
strayned  to  sell  anye  thinge,  but  do  account  theme  selfes  in  Gatesyde  as 
fre  as  th'enhabytantes  of  Newcastell  in  Newcastle. 

8.  Cannot  depose  whether  deft,  hath  wrongfullye  sett  and  levyed  a 
market  for  all  kind  of  marchandyces  within  Gatesyde,  sytuate  uppon 
the  banke  of  the  ryver  Tyne,  betwene  the  towne  of  Newcastell  and  the 
sea,  on  everye  of  the  market  dayes  whereon  markets  have  bene  kept  in 
Newcastell. 

9.  But  [referring  to  Interr.  9,  whether  hath  he  by  meanes  thereof 
gathered  great  assemblies  of  people  at  the  same  markets  in  Gatesyde,  and 
stayed  great  nombers  of  people  there  which  were  comynge  towards  the 
markets  in  Newcastell]  deft,  hath  kepte  open  shoppe  for  these  tenn  yeres 
nere  unto  the  Bridge  ende,  and  uppon  all  dayes  in  the  weke  hath  kept 
open  shop  and  solde  all  such  kinde  of  wares  as  he  had,  by  means 
whereof  defendant's  shop  is  greatlye  frequented  :  and  indede  many  per- 
sons will  now  bye  wares  at  his  shope  as  well  on  the  market  dayes  kept 
at  Newcastell  as  on  other  dayes. 

10.  11.  [Whether  the  markets  and  fayers  in  Newcastell  by  meanes  of 
the  markets  kepte  by  defendant  in  Gatesyde  ar  greatly  hindered  or  de- 
cayed, Item  what  losse  complt.  hath  sustayned]  exarn.  cannot  depose. 

12.  For  30  yeres  hath  knowne  other  inhabytants  within  Gatesyde  bye 
and  put  to  sale  any  kind  of  marchandyce  within  theire  houses  and 
shopes. 

13.  The  first   marchantes,   byers   or   sellers  of  marchandyces,  that 
exam,  did  knowe  in  shopes  or  houses  within  Gatesyde,  when  he  came  to 
dwell  there,  about  30  yeares  agoo  or  rather  more,  were  Willm.  Potts, 
Willm.  Donkin,  Tho.  Potts,  and  one  Thomas  Chambers,  and  dyvers 
others,  whose  names  exam,  remembrethe  not,  but  as  it  is  reported  there 
hath  bene  chapmen  byers  and  sellers  of  wares  there  tyme  out  of  mynde 
of  man. 


At  the  "humble  sute.  and  request"  of  the  defendant,  the  court 
"caused  her  Majesty's  signet  remayninge  with  her  Highnes'  secretarye 
attendant  uppon  the  said  Lord  Presydent  and  Counsell"  to  be  set  to  the 
copies  of  the  depositions  in  testimony  that  they  were  true. 

The  York  Court  fell  with  the  High  Commission  and  Star  Chamber, 
being  abolished  by  the  act  of  16  Car.  10.  Mr.  Hudson  Turner  could 
find  no  proceedings  of  it  among  the  London  Record  Offices,  and 
doubted  whether  they  were  regularly  kept,  as  the  Wardens  of  the 
Marches  transacted  much  of  the  business  in  their  several  districts. 
But  this  would  not  apply  to  the  records  of  private  causes  between 
parties.  Mr.  Hodgson,  the  historian,  had  occasionally  met  with  deprees 


232  THE  MARKET  AND  FAIR  AT  GATESHEAD, 

signed  by  the  President,  but  made  nothing  out  at  York  about 
any  continuous  records,  and  therefore  concluded  that  "  they  were  de- 
stroyed by  the  liberals  in  the  reign  of  Charles  I."  alluding  to  the  siege 
of  York,  when  the  tower  used  by  the  Lord  President,  and  containing  the 
evidences  of  the  religious  houses  in  the  North,  was  blown  up.  Dods- 
worth  says  that  the  greater  part  of  its  contents  were  removed  by  one 
Thomas  Thomson,  at  the  hazard  of  his  life,  to  the  Archbishop's  archives, 
but  he  seems  to  refer  to  the  monastic  charters.  (See  Hunter's  Three 
Catalogues,  pp.  73,  94.)  We  cannot,  therefore,  hope  for  the  decree  in 
this  case. 

One  of  the  most  important  of  the  ancient  records  mentioned  by  the 
witnesses  was  doubtless  Bp.  Pudsey's  charter  to  the  Burgesses  of  Gates- 
head,  printed  by  Mr.  Greenwell  in  his  Boldon  Book,  xl.  Bp.  Poictou's 
confirmation,  privately  printed  by  Mr.  Brockett,  gives  portante  instead 
of  piscante,  and  indeed  a  fisherman  might  long  range  the  Bishop's 
riverless  forest  of  Gateshead  Fell,  before  he  recovered  his  payment  of  a 
penny  in  a  draught  of  fish.1  By  these  charters,  every  burgess  of 
Gateshead  was  to  have  the  same  liberty  of  his  burgage  as  the  burgesses 
of  Newcastle  had  of  theirs. 

1  Bourne  has  a  ludicrously  inaccurate  translation  of  Poictou's  charter.  He  trans- 
forms the  "homo  portans"  into  a  hog!  and  " quadriga  quoe  ad  nemus  ibit,"  into 
"  a  whey  or  ox,  the  which  goes  to  grass  ! " 


INDEX. 


A. 

Acclome  family,  74 

Acombe,  128,  129 

Acton,  Laurence,  32 

Acy,  of  Kirkeby,  198 

Adams,  Dr.,  211,  212 

Adamson,  Rev.  E.  H.,  133 :  John,  ix. 

Adderstone,  Roman  remains  from,  14 

Addie,  Tho.,  194 

Addis,  Tho.,  156 

Addison  family,  125,  129 

JEsica,  altar  discovered  at,  iv. 

Aidan,  Bishop,  63 

Ainderby,  187 

Airey,  Mr.,  110 

Airson,  John,  168 

Alfred,  King,  2,  7,  8 
Allan  family,  of  Allan's  Flatts,  118,  of 
Rotterdam,    123,  of  Blackwell,    101, 
et  seq. ;  R.  H.5  his  muniments,  27,  69 
Allen,  Anth.,  116;  Tho.,  his  steam  car- 
riage, x. 

Alleyne  of  Gatesyde,  229 
Allgood  family,  131,  136 
Alnwick,  36,  62 ;  Abbey  side,  161,  163 ; 

Castle,  Museum  at,  111 
Alwent,  Ric.,  78 
Amble  Hall,  161 
Amundeville  family,  71 
Anderson  of  Newcastle,    224  ;    Major 
George,   his   singular  bequests,    21  ; 
Ralph,  133;  Samuel,  112,  116 
Anderton,  Mr.,  152,  157 
Angirton  family,  32 
Anne  of  Frickley,  187 
Anstruther,  Sir'Wm.,  152 
Anthony,  St.,  45 
Appleby  on  Tees,  178 
Appleby,  Sir  Wm.,  122 
Arcadius,  coin  of,  vii. 
Archbold,  J.,  his  account  of  Roman  re- 
mains at  Adderstone,  15 
Archer  family,  135  ;  Ralph,  88  ;  Robert, 

193 

Arden  family,  103 
Areynes,  Roger  de,  11 
Armoul,  St.,  145 
Ashmall,  Ferdinando,  160 
Aske,  Robert,  Depositions  of,  63 
Askew  family,  107 
Assulby,  145 


Aston,  Edmund,  160 
Athelstan,  King,  7 
Atherton  of  Foxton,  198 
Atkinson  of  Whitborne,  226  et  seq. 
Auckland,  North,  34 ;  Castle,  207 ;  fam- 
ily of,  13,  27,  32 
Awbrey,  John,  89 
Aydon  Sheels,  161 
Ayer  of  Whitborne,  226  et  seq. 
Ayryholme,  199 
Aysterley,  co.  Lane.,  200 

B. 

Baard  family,  12,  69 

Bailiffs  of  Hexham,  8 

Baking  in  Durham,  217 

Baker,  Eliz.,  168;  John,  211,  214 

Balfour,  James,  122 

Baliol,  John  de,  11 

Bambrough  Castle,  160 

Banister,  Wm.,  146 

Banner  of  St.  Cuthbert,  51 

Banners  of  parish  churches,  60 

Barbour  family,  27 

Barcwid,  miracle  on,  2 

Barford  near  Gainford,  173  et  seq. 

Barker  family,  30 

Barnard  Castle,   188,  189;    Candlestick 

from,  vi. ;  John  de,  26,  28 
Barnes,  Mr.,  109 
Barracleugh,  John,  211,  212 
Barton  family,  35 ;  manor  of,  96,  99,  100 
Bartram,  Thomas,  112 
Basire,  Dr.,  213 
Bates  family,  114,  143 
Baxter  family,  25,  34 
Bearle,  manor  of,  127  et  seq. 
Beaupaire,  107 
Becroft,  Geo.,  214 
Bede-Rolls,  41 
Bedlington  family,  32 
Bee  family,  129 
Beke,  Bishop,  57 
Bell  for  Durham  Cathedral,  5 
Bells  of  St.  Nicholas',  Newcastle,  17 
Bell  family,  168,  169,  202,  212,  222. 
Bellasis  family,  39 
Belley  family,  130,  211,  212 
Bendlowes  family,  103 
Bentley  family,  3& 
Benwell,  200 


234 


INDEX. 


Bernard,  St.,  44 

Bertram,  Roger  de,  10 

Berwick,  8, 11,  54, 110  ;  fisheries  at,  39  ; 

Killinghall  of,  105 
Best  of  Kepeswick,  196 
Bethel  of  Yorke,  196 
Bewicke,  Old  and  New,  160 
Billingham,  7 ;  family,  24,  38 
Binchester,  John  de,  30,  31,  61 
Birnard  of  Knaresbrough,  195 
Bishopdale  family,  32 
Blackwell,  188,  194 
Blake  Chesters,  sculptures  from,  x. 
Blakiston  family,  83,  87,  211,  216 
Blanchlatid  Abbey,  37 
Bland  family,  103 
Blenkhowe  family,  33 
Blenkinsop  family,  86,  152,  161 
Blue  stones  on  bridges,  211,  229 
Blunt  family,  34 
Blunville  family,  35 
Boisil,  5 

Bolebec,  Hugh  de,  11 
Bolom  family,  29 
Bolton,  145  ;  in  Craven,  178 
Bolton,  Jos.,  112 

Borcovicus,  Roman  coin  from,  vii. 
Boroughdon  family,  37 
Boruton  family,  12 
Bourchier  of  Benningbrough,  179 
Bourn,  Edm.,  112 
Boutflower,  Geo.,  133 
Bower,  Alan,  60;  of  Treeton,  198 
Bowes  family,  31,  40,  63.  70,  78,  96,  97, 

128,  212,  213,  214 
Boynton  of  Sadbury,  139 
Brabant  family,  159 
Bradforth,  Tho.,  197 
Brafferton  family,  27,  78 
Brampton,  156;  Roman  coins  from,  vii, 
Brancepeth  Church,  193 
Brandon,  East,  25,  26 
Bransby  family,  78 
Brechin,  capitular  seal  of,  viii. 
Brereton,  151 
Brevint,  Dr.,  213 
Bristoe  family,  86 
Brittany,  Duke  and  Duchess  of,  10 
Bromley,  131 
Brown  'of  Gateshead,  226,  227  et  seq,  ; 

Elizabeth,  166  ;  Richard,  211 
Brown,  Lord  Montague,  67,  155 
Broxfield,  161 
Bruninghill  family,  27 
Bryan,  Rio.,  114 
Buckle  of  York,  194 
Budle,  16 

Bulkham  family,  32 
Buhner  family  61,  82 
Burdon,  Win.  de,  12 


Burghley,  Lord,  219,  et  seq. 
Burnett  family,  195 
Burrell,  Chr.  168 
Burton,  Capt.,  133 
Buteland,  159,  163 
Butter,  Mr.  Thomas,  161 
Byerly  of  Tuddo,  193 
Byker  family,  12 
Bynkfield  family,  13 
Byron,  Rev.  John,  22 
Bywell,  127  ;  Castle,  159  ;  subsidy  roll, 
130 ;  Vicar  of,  33, 

C. 

Caen  (de  Cadamo)  family,  71,  82 

Calverdon,  11 

Calverley  of  Newcastle,  199 

Camberton,  145 

Camboe  family,  12 

Candlestick  from  Barnard  Castle,  vi. 

Cantrell,  "VVm.,  147 

Capheaton,  163 

Carbarn,  7 

Carlbury,  86 

Carlisle,  6;  Dean  and  Chapter  of,  160; 

property  at,  33  ;  ring  found  near,  xii. ; 

Cathedral,  spectacles  from,  vi. ;   seal 

of,  viii, 

Carlton  family,  35,  149,  156 
Carnaby  family,  130,  132,  161 
Carr  family,  161,  217 
Carrill,  Edw.,  150 
Carter,  Margt.,  217 
Carting-ton,  family  139,  142 
Carucate,  contents  of,  10 
Case  family,  93,  95 
Catterick  family,  29 
Catton,  co  York,  191 
Cavendish  family,  130,  201 
Cawood,  202 
Ceartmel,  6 
Cecil  family,  150,  151 
Ceolwulf,  King,  7 

Chain  Armour  from  Chester-le-Street,  x. 
Chambers  of  Gateshead,  231 
Charlton,  Dr.,  45,  48,  50 
Chaytor  family,  94,  97,  99,  103 
Cheker,  Wm.,  de,  60 
Cherry,  Alan,  36 
Chester,  family  of,  32 
Chester-le-Street,  Dacre  of,  157;  Dean 

of,  24 ;  Church  of,  discoveries  in?  iv. ; 

Roman  station  at,  iv. ;  Roman  remains 

from,  viii.,  x. ;  Commons  of,  108 
Chillingham,  77 
Chilton,  27,  28 
Chimney  money,  160 
Chomelly  family,  143 
Clarke,  Rowland,  88,  90;  George,  114; 

Robert,  217  ;  of  London,  123 


INDEX. 


235 


Clarkson  family,  120  et  seq. 

Clavering,  James,  95;  Sir  James,  171 

Claxton  family,  142 

Cleasby,  178 

Clenell,  John,  160 

Clervaux  family,  77,  86 

Clifford  family,  185,  186 

Clock,  ancient,  xii. 

Clyff  family,  31 

Cnut,  King,  7 

Coal  measure,  216;  works  in  Durham, 

39 

Coastley,  161 

Coatham  Mundeville,  25,  72,  76 
Cocken  family,  26,  31 
Cockermouth,  196 
Cocks  of  Plymouth,  104 
Coffee  in  Durham,  136 
Cogdon,  John,  217 
Coins,  Roman,  found  at  Adderstone,  14 ; 

Northumbrian,  xi. 
Colchester  at  Corbridge,  37 
Coldingham,  54;  priory,  8,  58 
Coll  family,  25 
Colling  family,  98 
Collingwood  family,  129,  160 
Colville  of  Whitehouse,  &c.,  120,  122 
Coniscliffe,  86,  151 
Constable  family,  63,  92;  Sir  Marma- 

duke,  xi. 

Constantinus  Junior,  coin  of,  vii. 
Conyers  family,  25,  76,  78,  90,  107,  197 
Cooke,  Ann,  200 
Cor,  a  giant,  37 
Corbridge,  33,  162;  clerk' s  fees  at,  163  ; 

Roman  station  at,  37 
Corkby,  152,  155 
Corpus  Christi  Day,  59 
Corstopitum,  38 
Cosin,  Bishop,  207,  214 
Cotesforth  family,  91,  96 
Coulson  family,  127,  130,  131 
Council  of  the'  North,  seal  of,  89 
County  flatt,  72 
Cradock  family,  93,  171 
Crake,  gift  of,  to  St.  Cuthbert,  6 
Cramlingion,  11,  12,  79 
Craven,  Adam  de,  26 
Crawforth,  Chr.,  213,  214 
Creagh,  Sir  Wm.,  and  Lady,  163,  164 
Creklawe,  11 
Cressingharn  family,  34 
Croglin,  140,  148,  152,  155 
Crookhall,  near  Durham,  38 
Cross  and  banner  of  St.  Cuthbert,  51 
Crosthwaite  Church,  140 
Croxdale,  174 
Croxfield,  163 
Cunningham  family,  159 
Curry  family,  11 5,' 116 


Cuthbert,  St.,  5,  6 ;  banner  and  cross  of, 

51 ;  arms  of,  53  ;  ring  of,  66 
Cynewerth,  Abbot,  6 
Cyr,  St.,  44 

D. 

Dacre  family,  of  Greystock,  heirs  male 
of,  137  et  seq. 

Dalby,  187 

Dalton  family,  25 

Davison,  Mr.,  218 

Darcy,  Lord,  63,  64 

Darlington,  75  et  seq.,  83,  85,  86  et  seq.,  101 

Dashwood,  Sir  Sam.,  161 

Dean,  Mr.,  112;  Dorothy,  197 

Delaval  family,  12,  132 

Delmtham  family,  36 

Dent  family,  184,  187 

Denton  family,  33 

Derwentwater,  139,  &c. 

Dilston,  139  et  seq. ;  household  accounts 
of,  159 

Dinsdale,  70,  86  et  seq.,  100 

Dinsdale,  Over,  79 

Dixon  of  Gateshead,  226 

Dobson  of  Acombe,  128;  Dr.  212 

Dodsworth  of  Barton,  96 

Doffinby,  Captain,  134 

Doncaster,  63 

Donkin  of  Gateshead,  231 

Dormer,  Robert,  218 

Dowthwaite  family,  198,  214 

Dryburne,  167  169 

Ducane,  Capt.,  190 

Duck,  Alderman  John,  216 

Dudley,  Bishop,  55  ;  John,  153  ;  of 
Dudley,  141 

Durham,  baking  in,  216;  Blacksmiths 
v.  the  Bladesmiths  of,  171 ;  Drapers 
and  Taylors  v.  the  Mantuamakers  of, 
166 ;  the  like  v.  White,  170  ;  the  like 
v.  Blunt,  170;  the  Haberdashers  of  v. 
Blunt,  170 ;  the  like  v.  Fisher,  170  ; 
the  Carpenters  of,  207  ;  the  Masons, 
207,  208;  the  Skinners  of,  208,  211, 
212;  coffee  at,  136;  jurisdiction  as 
to  Castle  Chare  in  Framwellgate  166 ; 
the  like  as  to  Elvet,  170 ;  the  like  as 
to  the  Cathedral,  College,  and  the 
Baileys,  203,  206,  211,;  antiquities 
of  the  Church  of,  1 ;  Cathedral  of, 
repairs,  213;  relics  of  St.  Cuthbert 
formerly  at,  51,  66 ;  priory,  seal  of, 
55  :  St.  Margaret's,  24 ;  St.  Oswald's 
60 ;  Old  Borough  of,  26 ;  map  of, 
viii. ;  Moor,  108;  navigation  to,  118; 
County  House,  207,  214;  property  at, 
25,  76,  78,  79  ;  family  of,  37 

Durisall  family,  28 

Duxfield,  Wm.  de,  34. 


236 


INDEX. 


E. 

Eamon  family,  1 1 

Eardulf,  Bishop,  7 

Ebchester  family,  36 

Eddred,  Bishop,  7 

Eden  family,  103 

Edgar,   King,  7 ;  King  of  Scotland,    8, 
53;  Atheling,  53 

Edgeknoll,  195 

Edington,  11 

Edmondsley,  76 

Edmund,  King,  7 

Edred,  King,  7 

Edward  the  Confessor,  8  ;  the  Elder,  7  ; 

the  Martyr,  7  ;  the  First,  57 
Eclwy,  King,  7 
Egelric,  Bishop,  8 
Egfrid,  King,  6 

Egglescliffo,  18,  78,  79,  86  ;  John  de,  76 
Ekington,  145 
Eland,  11 
Elfred,  King,  7 
Elleringtoii  family,  130 
Ellerker,  18 

Elsdon,  Roman  remains  from,  xi. 
Eltofte  family,  25 
Emerson,  Helen,  162 
Errington  family,  35,  36,  128,  132,  194 
Eshall  family,  187 
Eshe  family,  27,  179 
Espershiels,  130 
Ethelred  the  Unready,  7 
Etheriugton,  Sarah,  217 
Euro  family,    10,  25,  78,   86,   183,  185, 

186,  195 

Evans,  Mr.  Henry,  147 
Exanford,  6 
Eyre,  Mousignor  Charles,  68 

F. 

Fairfax  of  Walton,  187 

Fairhair  family,  29,  30 

Fairless  family,  171 

Fait  family,  32,  33 

Farle,  161 

Farmer  family,  103 

Fatherly,  Tho.,  216 

Fawcett  of  Boldon,  120 

Fawdon  family,  12 

Fawkcs  of  Farneley,  179 

Felton,  Alan  de,  34 

Fenwick  family,  12,  123,  129,  139,  161, 

162,  197;  John,  137 
Ferure  family,  35 
Fetherstonhaugh  family,  161 
Feynane,  Christina,  37 
Fisher  family,  29 
Fishgarth  riot,  96 
Fitz-Alan  family,  155 
Fitz-Asceline  family,  35,  36 


Fitz-Hugh  family,  28 
Fitz-Godwin,  Robert,  53,  54 
Fitz-Herbert  family,  129 
Five  wounds,  badge  of,  64 
Flambard,  Bishop,  54 
Flamborough  church,  brass  at,  xi. 
Fleetwood,  Sir  "William,  224 
Flodden  field,  battle  of,  61,  65 
Forcett,  10,  184,  188 
Forster  family,  92,   95,   127,   159,   161, 

162,  168 
Fourstones,  128 
Foxton,  198  ;  John,  192 
Framwellgate,  107,  166 
Frankland  of  Glaisdale,  196 
French,  Adeline,  168 
Frere,  Mr.  Tho.,  200 
Funeral  of  Mr.  John  Killinghall,  101  _ 

G. 

Gainford,  7 ;  Church,  189 

Gaire,  Eliz.,  161 

Galley,  Tho.  116. 

Garmundsway,  7 

Garnett  of  Blackwell,  194 

Garstall,  Mr.  Roger,  162 

Garstang,  umbo  found  at,  50 

Garth,  Sir  Samuel,  109 

Gascoigne  of  Otley,  200 

Gategang  family,  107 

Gaterley  Moor,  193 

Gateshead,  13,  78,  79,  162,  199;  at- 
tempted annexation  of,  to  Newcastle, 
219  ;  tombstone  at,  57  ;  markets  and 
fairs  at,  226  ;  Moor,  222 ;  Rector  of, 
223  ;  toll  book  and  pant  at,  229  ;  fa- 
mily of,  36. 

Gaugi  family,  11 
Gaunte  family,  31,  32 
Geri,  John,  27 
Gesmouth,  Adam  de,  11 
Giles,  St.,  of  Durham,  seals  of,  56 
Gill,  Chr.,  133  ;  of  BenweU,  200 
Gilpin  of  Kentmere  Hall,  199 
Girlington  family,  81 
Glaisdale,  196 
Glemham,  Sir  Tho.,  132 
Glover  family,  30,  33 
Gosewyke  family,  31 
Gosforth,  69 

'  Gospel'  found  at  Newcastle,  x. 
Gowland  family,  109,  117,  136. 
Gray  family,  35,  36 
Graystones,  25,  76,  78,  79,  81,  91 
Green  family,  125,  132,  195 
Gregory,  St.,  43 
Gresham  of  Armthorpe,  201 
Gretham,  Wm.  de,  58 
Grey  of  Chillingham,  142  ;  of  Newcas- 
tle, 199;  of  Lumley,  112,  115,   116; 
Dr.,  113,  214.     See  Gray 


INDEX. 


237 


Greystock  Castle,    144,    145  ;  Rectory, 

147,  149 
Grinsdale,  158 
Grymmesby,  Eob.,  de,  57 
Gule  of  Blackwell,  194 
Gundred,  King,  7 
Gunston,  Percival,  31 
Guthred,  King,  8 

H. 

Hackforth,  186,  187 

Haggerston,  Sir  Tho.,  160 

Hagthorp  family,  26,  29,  107 

Haine  family,  197 

Haire,  John,  217 

HaU  family,  29,  166,  169,  184,  201,  217 

Halton  family,  11 

Halyden,  38 

Halywell  family,  29,  30 

Hamel,  Aldan,  2;  Gamel,  9 

Hanby,  Will.,  123 

Hanlakeby,  John  de,  26,  27 

Hansley,  Mr.  Edw.,  147 

Harbottle  family,  31 

Harcla  family,  33 

Hardwick,  29 

Hare,  Sir  Robert,  67 

Harlsey,  West,  145 

Harraton,  chapel  of,  24 

Harrison  the  bellfounder,  22 ;  family  of, 
130 

Hartborn,  161 

Hartburn,  West,  tenures  of,  69  et  seq. 

Hartlepool,  198  ;  gravestones  at,  57  ; 
Mayor  of,  109 

Hartley,  Leonard,  77 

Harwood,  Earl  of,  179 

Haughton,  73,  74,  91 

Hawthorne,  co  Dur.,  139,  142 

Hayles,  Mr.,  161 

Healey,  130 

Heath  family,  199 

Hebborne  family,  97 

Hedley  family,  27,  193,  212 

Heddon-on- the- Wall,  Roman  coins  from, 
vii. 

Hedwin  family,  12 

Hedworth,  Marmaduke,  157 

Heighington,  17;  family,  82 

Henry  VI.,  prayers  to,  and  hymn  con- 
cerning, 175 ;  his  residence  at  Bolton, 
177 

Henry  VIII.,  roll  of  prayers  belonging 
to,  41 

Henryson  family,  28 

Herasmus,  St.,  45 

Herdwyk  family,  76 

Herford,  de,  family  of,  35 

Heron  family,  38,  128,  129,  132,  160 

Hert  family,  26,  27 


Hexham,  Church  history  of,  1,  6 ;  priests 
and  bailiffs  of,  8 

Hey  ton,  145 

HiU  of  Mizen,  201 

Hilton  family,  63,  98,  108,  111,  207, 
211 

Hinde  of  Stelling,  127 

Hirst  of  Otley,  200 

Hodgson  the  Historian,  231;  continua- 
tion of  his  History  of  Northumber- 
land, ii. 

Hodshon  family,  131,  213 

Holden  family,  25 

Holme,  Cath.,  91 

Holmes  family,  103 

Holy  Island,  62,  106 

Hoppey  family,  196,  200 

Hoppon,  197 

Horneby  family,  31 

Hornecaster,  Hen.  de,  58 

Horsley  family,  35,  197 

Hoton  family,  24,  28,  29,  32,  33,  76 

Houghton-le- Spring,  111,  114,  115 

Hovingham,  199 

Howard  family,  61,  62,  143,  146  et  seq. 

Howden,  8 

Huddleston  family,  178 

Hudson  family,  90,  195 

Hudspeth,  Alice,  163 

Hull,  James,  213,  214 

Hullock  of  Barnard  Castle,  188 

Hunsdon,  Lord,  144 

Hunwick,  28 

Hutchinson  family,  169,  227  et  seq. 

Hutton,  Mr.  Serjeant,  152.     See  Hoton. 

I. 

Ingleby,  Henry  de,  76 
Inglewood  family,  34 
Ipswich,  40 
Irthington,  144 

J. 

Jackson  family,  211,  214 

Jakes  family,  27 

Jarrow  Church,  slab  from,  57 

Jedworth,  7 

Jefferson,  Mr.  Serjeant,  161 

Jenkins.  John,  161 

Jesmond,  Adam  de,  12 

John  of  Beverley,  banner  of,  57 

Johnson  family,  32,  36,  81,   166,   167, 

168,  169,  171,  191,  212 
Jordan  family,  159,  160,  163 
Jovintus,  50 
Julitta,  St.,  44 

K. 

Keith,  James,  123 
Keling,  fish  called  the,  77 


2  I 


238 


INDEX. 


Kellow  family,  25,  32 

Kemble  family,  34,  35 

Kempe,  Jane,  217 

Kendall  Church,  199 

Kent,  Countess  of,  60 

Kentmere,  199 

Kepeswick,  196 

Kepyer  Hospital,  seals  of,  56 

Kibblesworth  family,  12 

Killinghall,  House  of,  69 

Killingworth  family,  198 

Kirkeby,  198 

Kirkland,  145 

Kirk  Oswald,  144,  145,  152,  153,  155 

Kirklington,  Dean  of,  158 

Kirtou  family,  143 

Knaresbrough,  195 

Knight  family,  196 

Knowte,  John,  60 

Knox,  John,  225 

L. 

Lambton  family,  91,  94,  100,  107,  119, 

208,  216 

Larnpleugh  of  Cockermouth,  196 
Langley,  near  Brandon,  25,  26 
Langotiily,  145 
Langstaffe,  John,  207,  214.     See  Long- 

staffe 

Lardener  family,  27 
Lascelles  of  Ayryholme,  199 
Laton  family,  178,  192.     See  Layton 
Lawe,  Rob.  de  la,  12 
Lawreu,  Eylaf,  9 
Lawson  family,   90;    MS.,    1,  54;    Sir 

William,    1,   10,  46;    Mrs.  Dorothy, 

225 

Laycock  family,  200 
Layton  family,  87,  94.     See  Laton 
Leaden  box  and  crosses  from  Richmond, 

46 

Lead  works  in  Durham,  39 
Lee,  Atte,  family  of,  74 
Lee  family,  168,  217 
Lelom,  Richard,  76 
Lesley,  General,  94 
Lewes,  Tho.,  161 
Lewyn  family,  29,  31,  34 
LiddeU,  Hen.,  109 
Lilborn,  East,  160 
Lilburn  family,  12 
Lindisfarne,  4 ;  See  of,  6 
Lindley  of  Middleham  Castle,  196 
Lindsey,  8 

Linsey,  Mrs.  Margery,  199 
Lisle  family,  127 
Little  Harle,  antiquities  from,  vi. 
Local  Muniments,  10,  24 
Locomotive    Steam  Carriage,   invented 

bv  Tho.  Allen,  x. 


London  family,  35,  36 

Long  Newton,  83,  85,  91 

Longstaffe,  Abel,  213,  214;  W.  H.  D., 

passim.     See  Langstaffe 
Lonsdale  family,  34 
Lorbittle,  160 

Lothian,  early  history  of,  ix. 
Lovekyn,  John,  73 
Lowrey  family,  127 
Lowther  of  Lowther,  149 
Lumley  Castle,   113;    park  gate,   114; 

letters,  109 ;    family  of,  63,  85,  109, 

131,  156 
Lumley,  Great,  coal  at,  217 

M. 

Machon,  Ann,  168 

Maddison,  Tho.,  110,  112 

Maddocks  family,  82,  90 

Malcolm,  King  of  Scots,  3 

Mann,  Chr.,  216 

Manners  family,  105 

Mantua-makers  in  Durham,  165 

Marmaduke  family,  38,  108 

Martin  family,  34,  204 

Martindale  family,  158 

Marwood,  Sir  Henry,  96 

Mascall  family,  119,  169 

Masham,  Sir  Wm.  de,  60 

Massey,  Dor.,  162 

Matfen,  130 ;  Roman  umbo  from,  49 

Mauleverer  family,  77 

Maurice,  Mary,  167 

Mazarene,  Duchess  of,  brought  in  man- 
toes,  168 

Meldon  rectory,  159 

Melrose,  7 

Members,  Honorary  of  the  Society  xiii. ; 
Ordinary,  xv. 

Menevile,  Rob.,  de,  11 

Merley  family,  38 

Metcalfe  of  Aldbrough,  187 

Metham  family,  179,  187 

Meynell  family,  179,  185,  187 

Middleham  Castle,  196;  Moor  fair,  161 

Midford,  10;  family,  160,  162,  163,  169 

Middleton  Hall,  160 ;  St.  George,  188 ; 
tenures  of  Middleton  St.  George  and 
Middleton-one-Row,  69;  family,  71, 
168,  169,  198 

Milbanke,  Sir  Mark,  161 

Milborn,  Mr.  Ralph,  162 

Miller  family,  159,  161 

Milliners,  165 

Milneburne,  11 

Montague,  Earl  of  Halifax,  110 

Moore  of  Yorke,  91 

Morpeth,  12 

Morton,  near  Dinsdale,  70 

Morton  family,  25 ;  Bishop,  209 


INDEX. 


239 


Mountaigne,  Archbishop  of  York,  202 
Mowbray,  .Robert  de,  4 
Mundingdene,  miracle  at,  2 
Muschamp  family,  159 
Musgrave  family,  33 
Myers,  George,  90. 

N. 

Nafferton,  128,  129 

Naworth  Castle,  144 

Neel,  Edw.,  161 

Neile,  Mr.,  210 

Nelson  family,  90,  93,  196 

Nesham  of  Houghton,  111 

Nettles  worth,  Bishop  Bek's  charter  of 
lands  at,  107 

Nevil  family,  62,  63,  150,  185,  186 

Nevil's  Cross,  iii.,  51,  59 

Newbiggin-on-the-Dike,  83,  85 

Newbottle,  pitmen's  strike  at,  111 

Newbridge,  near  Chester-le- Street,  118 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  29,  35,  60,  199; 
Castle  of,  iii. ;  painted  boards  from  a 
house  near  the  Castle,  ix. ;  'Gospel' 
found  there,  x. ;  antiquities  from  the 
Side,  x, ;  red-deer  horns  and  creeing- 
troughs  found  at,  viii. ;  clergy  of  St. 
Nicholas'  Church,  13  ;  legaices  to 
churches,  13;  Major  Anderson's  be- 
quests to,  21  ;  Bells  of  St.  Nicholas, 
17;  the  town  in  1745,  110;  the 
Poldhall,  32;  Mealmarketgate,  32; 
hospital  of  St.  Mary  in  Westgate,  32 ; 
attempt  to  annex  Gateshead  to  New- 
castle, 219  ;  Mayor,  &c.,  v.  Nattress 
as  to  trading  in  Gateshead,  226 :  Earl 
of  Newcastle,  132 

Newcomb  family,  184 

Newlands,  161 

New  members  of  the  Society,  iv. 

Newminster,  12 

Newsham-on-Tees,  85,  151 

Newton,  near  Durham,  169 

Newton  Hall,  130  et  seq. 

Newton,  Lord  of,  26 

Newton  family,  131 

Nicholson  family,  160,  163,  166,  199, 
216 

Norfolk,  Duke  of,  63 

Norham,  2,  7,  160 

Northumbrian  coins,  xi. 

Norton,  18,  25  ;  Oakwood  and  bones 
found  at,  ix. 

Norton  family,  64,  86 

Nuncupative  wills,  191 

0. 

Gates,  Richard,  211 

Officers  of  the  Society  for  1857,  xx. 


Ogle  family,  11,   32,  59,  97,  98,  105, 

127,  133,  197 
Oglethorpe  family,  85 
Onalafbal,  2 
Osbert,  King,  7 
Oswald,  St.,  banner  of,  60 
Otley,  200 
Otley  family,  30 
Outchester,  remains  at,  16 
Oyston,  Richard,  116. 

P. 

Pagan,  Roland-Fitz,  71 

Page,  John,  163 

Paget  family,  196 

Painter  family,  30,  31 

Palmer  family,  36 

Pampedene,  John  de,  11 

Pantaleon,  St.,  45 

Papers  read  1856-7,  iv. 

Paris,  English  Canonesses  at,  67 

Park  family,  12,  159, 

Parkinson  family,  86,  87,  167,  168,  213, 

214 
Parr's  (Lord)  choir  in  Kendal  Church, 

199 

Parsonman,  William  called,  33 
Peareth  family,  125 
Pearson,  Geo.,  122,  123,  125,  161,  163 
Peart,  Anne,  217 
Pemberton  family,  97,  100,  104 
Pennyman  family,  97 
Pepper  family,  93,  100 
Percy,  Earl  of  Northumberland,  62,  63 
Perkinson  family,  81 
Petriana,  altar  from,  vi. 
Pickering,  Dr.,  212 
Picton,  187,  188 
Pigg  family,  159 
Pikeden,  11 
Pilgrims'  tokens,  47 
Pilgrimage  of  Grace,  62 
Pilkington  of  Pilkington,  179 
Pinkney  family,  100 
Pitmen's  strike  at  Newbottle,  111 
Place  family,  27,  86,  90,  91,  97,  98,  187 
Plaws worth  family,  26 
Plessey  family,  11,  12 
Plornpton  of  Boldon,  226  et  seq. 
Plummer  family,  31 
Plumpton,  145 

Poictou's  (Bp.)  Charter  to  Gateshead,  232 
Pollard  family,  25,  29,  30 
Pome,  William,  31 
Pomfret  Castle,  63,  64 
Pontchardon  family,  32 
Potter  family,  28,  113 
Potts  of  Gateshead,  231 
Pountees,  tenures  of,  70  et  seq. 
Prescott  family,  105 


240 


INDEX. 


Prest,  pronunciation  of,  35 ;    family  of, 

•34,  35,  36 

Preston,  25 ;  Gawen,  160 
Prior  family,  31 
Pudding  family,  12 
Pudsay,    Bishop,    55  ;    Ms   charter    to 

Gateshead,  232 ;  family  of,  at  Barford 

and  Bolton,  90,  173 
Pullen,  Dan.,  15 
Punshon  family,  24 
Pye,  Mr.,  163. 

Q. 

Quarrington  family,  27 
Qwhelpdale  family,  29 

E. 

Eaby,  John  de,  203 

Eadclyffe  of  Derwentwater,  heirs  general 
of,  and  notice  of  other  branches  of  the 
family,  137;  extracts  from  the  ac- 
counts of  Sir  Francis,  159 ;  of  Dilston, 
133  ;  Francis,  184  ;  John,  89 

Eaine  family,  97,  104  ;  Eev.  James,  jun. 
190,  202 

Eaket  family,  24,  25,  31 

Eashall,  Eichard,  211 

Eedmarshall  family,  32 

Eeed,  Wm.,  211,  214 

Eeingwald,  King,  2 

Eeport  of  the  Society,  i- 

Eeynauld  family,  35,  36 

Eichard  III.,  61 

Eichardson  family,  193,  212 

.Richmond,  195;  plague  of,  194;  castle, 
123,  124;  leaden  box  and  crosses  from, 
46 ;  Earl  and  Countess  of,  10  ' 

Eickarby,  96 

Eider  of  Armthorpe,  201 

Eidley  family,  130,  131,  161,  162,  171 

Eigby  Alex.,  31 

Eiley,  Adam  de,  26 

Eing  of  St.  Cuthbert,  66 

Eipon,  treaty  of,  30  ;  family  of,  30 

Eish worth  family,  200 

Eites  and  Monuments  of  Durham,  Hun- 
ter's copy  of,  59 

Eobinson  family,  104,  114,  115,  211 

Eobson  of  Hindeley,  133 

Eomaldkird,  189 

Eoman  Eepublic  of  1849,  coins  of,  viii. 

Eoper,  Mr.,  112,  114,  115 

Eosary  found  at  Newcastle,  x. 

Eothbury,  Saxon  antiquities  of,  vii. 

Eouceby  family,  29,  31,  34,  226  et  seq. 

Eounton,  West,  79 

Eouthsyde  family,  35 

Eoutledge,  Hen.,  212 

Eowell,  als.  Eadclyffe,  HO,  141 

Eowell  family,  207,  213,  214 


Eumney  family,  120,  122,  123 
Eussell  family,  27,  30 
Eutter,  Isaac,  167,  168 
Eyehall,  Tho.  de,  30 
Eyehill  family,  12 
Eyhope  Dean,  118 
Eyton,  86 

S. 
Sadberge,  76,  83,  85,  91 ;  wapentake  of, 

69 
Saint  Cuthbert,  laws  of,  7 ;  the  Lawson 

MS.  relating  to,  1 ;  banner  and  cross 

of,  51 ;  ring  of,  66 
Saint,  Peter  de,  family  of,  11 
Salford  family,  74 
Salkeld  family,  156 
Salter  family,  36 
Salvin  family,  174,  187,  188,  197 
Sanderson  family,  130 
Savage  family,  179 
SaviUe,  Lord,  95 
Sawer  family,  37 
Sayer  of  Worsall,  187 
Scalebeam,  Eoman,  14 
Scarbrough,  197 
Scheley  family,  36 
Scorer,  James,  120,  121 
Scorton,  near  Eievaulx,  18 
Scot,  Eic.,  32 
Scremerston,  160 
Scrope  family,  139,  173,  183,  185,  186, 

201 

Scula,  2 

Selby  family,  34,  160,  161 
Shaftoe,  161 
Sharpe,  Wm.,  167,  168 
Shaw,  Matt.,  171 
Shepherd,  Owen,  152 
Sheraton  family,  25.  31 
Sherburn  Hospital,  vii.,  107 
Shields  in  1745,  110 
Shildon,  84;  common,  134 
Shotley  Bridge,  ancient  grave  at,  v. 
Shrewsbury,  Lady,  202 
Shuttleworth  family,  135,  200 
Silvertop  family,  135 
Simpson  family,  31,  189  212,  214 
Skelton  family,  154,  162 
Skirmingham,  82 
Skitby,  198 
Slade  family,  28 
Slinger  family,  184 
Smeaton,  200 
Smethirst  family,  32 
Smeton  family/ 192 
Smirke  family,  29,  125 
Smith  family,  29,  35,  69,  134,  200,  204, 

211,212 
Snawdon,  Magdalene,  168 


INDEX. 


241 


Sockburn,  25 

Somerville  family,  36 

Souter  Point,  118 

Spades,  early  form  of,  1 

Sparke  family,  31,  168 

Spearman  family,  98 

Spectacles  from  Carlisle  Cathedral,  v.     ' 

Speight  family,  191 

Spender  of  York,  198 

Spicer  family,  25,  107 

Spindleston,  161,  163 

Stafferton  family,  81 

Stafford  family,  31 

Stagshaw,  36 

Staindrop,  7,  85;  family  of,  28,  31 

Stainton,  Great,  93,  94 

Standard,  Battle  of,  52 

Stanhope,  78 

Stanton,  Stephen  de,  36 

Stanwick,  St.  John's,  187,  189 

Stanwlx,  Eoman  remains  from,  xi> 

Stapleton,  188 

Starn,  Tho.,  114 

Staveley  of  Thormanby,  91 

Steel,  Tho.,  27 

Stelling,  127  et  seq. 

Stevenson,  31,  213,  214 

Stillington,  83,  85 

Stockton,  25 

Stodhoo,  near  Dinsdale,  71 

Stokoe,  Marke,  162 

Stone  family,  35 

Stoop  of  Gateshead,  199 

Stott  family,  122 

Strangwayes  family,  39,  145,  158,  200 

Stubley,  Mrs.,  196 

Streete  family,  200 

Sudgethlin,  6 

Sunderland,  118;  by-the-Bridge,  76 

Surrey  Lord,  61 

Surtees  family,  69,  73,  78,  83,  84,  85,  87, 

Suttonof  Dudley,  141 

Swan  family,  120,  122 

Swifte  of  Doncaster,  201 

Swinburne  family,  128,  129,  161 

Swinhoe,  Gilbert,  132 

Symeon's  History,  9 

T. 

Tadcaster,  197 

Talbot,  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  201 

Tanfield,  193 

Tang  family,  25,  32 

Tankerville,  Earl  of,  123 

Taylboys  family,  81 

Teale  family,  97 

Teasdale  of  Slaley,  159 

Tebay  family,  33 

Tebb,  Elizabeth,  194 

Tees  and  Tyne,  land  between  the,  7 


Tempest  family,  32,  72,  109,  132,  162 

Temple  Thornton,  161,  163 

Testamentary  curiosities,  191 

Tetragrammaton,  134 

Thady  family,  85 

Theddlethorp,  83,  84 

Theodore,  Archbp.,  6 

Thirkeld,  Tho.,  167,  168 

Thomas,  Wm.,  43 

Thompson  family,  65,  115, 116,  209,  226 

Thornbrough,  Eic.,  161 

Thornby,  Mr.  Hugh,  147 

Thornton,  197 

Thornton  Hall,  81 

Thornton  family,  81 

Thriske  of  Skitby,  198 

Tobell  family,  29 

Tole  of  Thornton,  197 

Tomlinson  of  Birdforth,  91 

Tonge  family,  199 

Topcliffe,  132 

Topham,  Susanna,  197 

Tothall,  Ric.,  199 

Trafford  Hill,  72,  78,  86,  1.00 

Treasurer's  account,  xviii. 

Treeton,  Notts,  198 

Trevor,  Bishop,  seal  of,  ix. 

Trewick  family,  12 

Trillesden,  38 

Trinity,  representation  of,  42 

Trollop  of  Thornley,  179 

Trotter  family,  132,  185,  187 

Trueman,  Mr.  Will.,  65,  109,  111,  120, 

165,  171,  216 
Tudhoe,  28,  29,  193 
Tunstall,  Bishop,  66,  166,  172,  225; 

family  of,  90 
Turnbull,  Eliz.,  162 
Turner  family,  30,   195;  Mr.  Hudson, 

231 

Tyndal  family,  34,  35 
Tynemouth,  vi.,  4,  39 
Tyningham  monastery,  6 
Tythes  on  allotments,  135 

U. 

Ugthorpe,  Radclyffe  of,  138 

Umbo  of  Roman  Shield,  49 

Upsal,  145 

Urpyn,  John,  90 

Urwin,  Mr ,  163 

Ushaw  College,  roll  of  papers  from,  41 

Usworth,  126 

V. 

Vane  family,  97,  98 
Ventress,  John,  17,  118 
Vesey  family,  10,  11 
Vicandale  rent,  160 


242 


INDEX. 


W. 

"Wade  of  Ousterly,  126 

Walcher,  Bishop,  3,  8 

Walker  family,  25,  115,  116 

Wall,  Mr.  Ric.,  162 

Wallis  family,  27 

Walpole,  Horace,  110 

Walridge,  24 

Waltham,  8 

Walton  family,  95,  115,  116,  197 

Walworth  family,  73 

Warcop  family,  29 

Ward  family,  90,  166,  168 

Warden,  graves  at,  vii. 

Wark,  62 

Warke  manor,  deodand  within,  163 

Warkworth,  7 

Warn  river,  16 

Washington  letters  and  family,  120 

Wasse,  Nicholas,  90 

Watson  family,  67,  171,  191,  193 

Wear,  river,  110,  118 

Webster,  Bertram,  27 

Welbury  manor,  143 

Welch,  Eliz.,  168 

WeUeton,  8 

Werwick  family,  32 

West,  Tho.,  121 

Westholme,  198 

Westou  sune,  Elured,  9 

Westwood,  161 

Wharham  family,  25 

Wharton,  Tho.,  212 

Whawton,  145 

Whelp  family,  29 

Whelpington  Rectory,  161 

Whessoe,  25 

Whinnvylle,  Hugh  de,  34 

Whitehouse,  near  Gateshead,  120 

Whitfield,  John,  160,  163 

Whittall,  162 

Whittingham  family,  65,  136 


Withworth  family,  108 

Wideslade  family,  12 

Widdrington  family,   11,   93,  94,  132, 

159,  163 
Wigeton,  58 
Wilkinson,  surname  of,  8 ;    family  of, 

184,  187,  208,  226 
William  the  Conqueror,  8,  9 
William,  Saint,  Banner  of,  62 
Wills  family,  117,  167,  168,  169 
Wilson  family,  114,  125,  189 
Windacres  family,  30 
Windgates  family,  30 
Winlaton,  86 

Witelaw,  and  family  of  that  name,  11,12 
Witham  family,  94,  103,  187 
Wither  family,  30 
Wolsey,  Cardinal,  62 ;  his  instructions 

to  his  officers  at  Durham,  39 
Wolsingham,  78 
Wodhowse  family,  31 
Wodroffe  in  Kent,  196 
Wood,  Isabella,  168;  Mr.  John,  212 
Woodhall  leadmine,  160 
Woodness  family,  30 
Wooley,  161 
Woodpuller  family,  27 
Woolridge  family,  97 
Wormleigh  family,  vii. 
Wren  family,  80,  196 
Wright  family,  30 
Wycliffe,  7,  81 
Wylam  family,  126 
Wywell  family,  35 

Y. 

Yarm,  189 

Yleclif,  7 

York,  194,  196,  198;  court  of  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  North  at,  226,  231 ;  land 
at,  given  to  St.  Cuthbert,  6 


END  OF  VOL.  II. 


NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE  : 
PRINTED  BY  THOMAS  AND  JAMES  TIGG,  CLAYTON  STREET. 


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