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§^rth»«Iosm O^anttara. 



" ASXiqUITiTES 8BD 
MAUFBiaiT. CI 

NiniLoMiiirs HOHiNEa indcstbii et 

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IPirNT ET CONHBtt- 


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QiTADAM conivscrtk."— Bacon, Be Angmentu, ii 






■' ANTIqCITlBS, OE EEilKANTS OP HISTOBT, ABE 


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TABOI-a NAOFEAQII; WHEK INDFaTRlOOS PBE9 


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— Bacon, Advaiteement of Learning, ii. 



^rrhjfologia (![antiana; 




TRANSACTIONS 



KENT ARCfl^OLOGICAl SOCIETY. 




1858 

VOLUME ] 

Gen R 942.23 A659 v.l 



^ontion : 

FEINTED FOE THE SOCIETY 

BY JoaN K. TAYLOR. 

UTTLB QirnH sTKnT, UMCOUl'i IWS FIIUIS. 

1858. 



■TANFORO UNrvensirr 




vmtc-fm 



P a; '^ ^ J 

v./ 



INTRODnCTION. 



If it be asked what is the scope and object of oui- de- 
sign, we shall best answer in the words of the philoso- 
pher which we have chosen for the motto of our work. 
From the memory of things decayed and forgotten, we 
propose to save and recover what we may, for the present 
generation and for posterity, of the wrecks atill floating 
on the ocean of time, andjireser^'e them with a religious 
and scrupulous diligence. We propose to gather into 
one the neglected fragments and faint memorials that 
remain to us of ages lo:ig gone by ; to reclaim and pre- 
serve the memories of men who, with common passions 
like ourselves, have stood and laboured on this soU of 
Kent ; to save from the submergence of oblivion their 
manners and their traditions, their names, their lineage, 
their language, and their deeds. To reproduce the past 
in its full integrity is perhaps impossible ; yet for those 
who have hopes somewhat beyond the present,^vi8ion 
and affections somewhat more extended than the narrow 
shoal of earth and time on which they stand, — it may be 
sufficient, if we can collect some feeble and scanty rem- 
nants, which, failing to ensure a higher purpose, may 
help them in some degree to link the present to the past. 



KENT AliCILSOl/JOICAL SOdETTi'. 



ami serve ai Htepping-stoncB to bridge over the brood 
chasm and torrent of time. 

Upon the importance of such a work as this it is 
hardly needful for us to enlarge. To the archEeological 
researches of scholars during the last and the preceding 
centuries, histoiy and criticism are more indebted than 
to any other studies. From the labours of the archieolo- 
gist, from coins, monuments, inscriptions, and etymologies, 
the modem historian of Rome has been enabled to throw 
a steadier light, not merely on the obscure originals of 
that imperial city, — a clearer and brighter light than 
the Iloman himsidf ever enjoyed, — but to hold up a 
torcli to all history, and teach mankind to thread those 
paths with safety which they had trodden blindfold be- 
fore. Wliy should not similar fruits be expected from 
ainiilar labours 1 Why should not the toil of the archie- 
ologist, when applied to our own county, prove as bene- 
ficial to English history? Why should not the light 
thus upheld on the distant past, kindle into a steadier 
blaze for the histoi'y of nearer times ? In all that con- 
BtituteH such memorials as tliesi% in the bulk and salvage 
of these wi-ecks, England is iucompambly richer tlian 
Greece or Rome. Hero civil \varB and foreign invasions 
have less obliterated tin? tmces of ancient laws, inatitu- 
tion«, familif-'s, and races ; the barrows and burial-grounds 
of long-forgotten generations remnin unviolated ; the 
manor-house and the farm bear upon their faces the legi- 
ble reconls of the past as clearly as the promises of the 
future ; the very shells and incrustations through which 
the internal life of the nation has passed have been 
religiously pivscrvrd in all its varied forms. "W'e can 
trace, fivm step lo step, fmm age to ngi\ tlic infant 



INTRODUCTION. 7 

sallies, the march and progress, the maturer counsels and 
ripened institutions of the land. We can point to the 
mine fi-om which they were dug, the shadows where they 
reposed at noon. 

To collect, register, and presen-e these memorials of 
the past, is the duty of every man ; it is especially in- 
cumbent upon the men of Kent. The histoiy of Kent 
is, in a measure, the history of our common country. No 
great movement, civil or religious, has cast its light or 
shadow on the land, of which Kent has not preserved 
the unfading impress and memorial. No races have here 
taken root, or disappeared from the soil; no peculiarity 
of laws, of customs, or of language ; no war or invasion 
threatened, the mementoes of which cannot be traced 
with greater certaintj' in the history of Kent than else- 
where. Here first landed the Roman, here the Saxon, 
here the first Chiistian moidc and missionary. Here la- 
bour and letters first went hand in hand. Here lose the 
first Abbey, the first Cathedral. Starting from the great 
port of Kent the Norman turned the key on the Conquest 
of England. From Dover cmsading kings, conquerors 
of France, insular opponents of continental despotism, 
started forth on their several miasions^of religion, of 
war, and of libertj'. Here landed the French monarch 
in his abasement; here Charles V. simned his imperial 
crown. \\Tiat ceremonies, what pomps, what proces- 
sions have not lined the streets of our Kentish capital 
or threaded their way along its familiar roads ! Pil- 
grims to the shrine of St. Thomas, " with rich offer- 
ings;" the wealthy franklin, with his well-tilled purse; 
ministers to all Courts; ambassadors from all climes 
— the Frank and the Alniajn, the Italian and tlie 



KEjrr ARcaxoLOGicJu. socim-. 



Spaniard, the Musconte and the Dane ; archbisliops 
and tardinala ; kings and emperors : whatever of ambi- 
tion, of gain, or pleasure, can enter the heart or prompt 
tbe actions and motives of man ; — here all passed and 
I sepaaied ; here found shelter in the abbeys or palaces, 
tbe hortelries or manor-houses of Kent. No busier mart 
in all England : none more rich or more diversified, could 
iioajpnation recall and reinvest the scene. 

From bluff headland to shelving down, from sail flood 
to eblring stream, from hop-gardens, cherrj^-orchaitls, 
meadx, and comftelds, homestead or manor-house, ances- 
tral hall or feudal caatle, to Roman keep or Celtic bar- 
row, Saxon burg or Xomian cathedral, what wants our 
ICffnt of inutruction, m(ditation, and delight 1 Here are 
the iuage« and customs embalmed, here the thoughts 
itud fc«liiig« of Bverj' generation, that has stood and rested 
on Engll^ BoiL In its dust are the ashes of Celt, Bel- 
gian, Itoman, Saxon, Dane, and Norman. Here the Ito- 
Diau landed, never to return; here he surrounded him- 
self with the arts of civilized life. Here the Saxon still 
wandered in tlie forest, without disloyalty to his ancient 
creed ; and the Dane in its bright bays and creeks still 
gazed on that element which reminded him of his Norse 
forefathers, and filled the sea with visions not less en- 
nobling than the Saxon found by land. 

From the date when this island first appears in the 
page of history, — has for the first time a history of its 
own, — Kent is the bond tliat binds it to the old world ; 
Kent is the first link of that electric chain that rouses it 
from the slumbers of untold and unheeded generations; 
Kent first brings it within the tide and flow of civilized 
life. Here were first heard the words which have fnimed 



tNTRonuenoN. 9 

the pith and staple of our English tongue ; here first 
were cradled the laws, customs, manners, institutious, 
which have entered so deeply into the formation of our 
national life and character. Here were the first indica- 
tions given, ibilowed by many since, that that life had 
really commenced, had taken \igorous root, could not be 
removed by extraneous force, however it might be modi- 
fied. In this the most accessible comer of the island, 
most exposed to external influences, the sally-port and 
highway of the nations, opening its bosom, like its sea, 
to all cornel's, sprang forth that nnbated spirit of inde- 
pendence and love of liberty which have rendered Kent 
famous in the annals of England ; true to that image of 
our common country, which has received all races, ad- 
mitted all literatures, slieltered all tiibes, given equal 
rights to all strangere, and yet has maintained inviolate 
its self-respect, its irrepressible love of freedom, its dis- 
tinctive individuality of character. 

Vividly has it impressed itself on the imagination 
of our poets, on his more than all, who is the faithful- 
lest and tniest exponent of English nationality. In the 
dramas of Shakspeare the features of Kent stand clearly 
forth in indelible portraiture, more distinctly graven 
than those of his native Warwickshire. The particular 
has passed into the general ; in the mind of the native, 
as well as of the stitinger, the local portraituie of Kent 
has become the portraiture of England. The dimmest 
tradition of its Celtic times, the gi-andest and most pa- 
thetic of our island Iiistories, is associated with Kent in 
the conception of the poet. From our county it has de- 
rived a definite shape, *'a local habitation." By virtue 
of that impression, 8tam])ed on his own imo^nation 



KENT AHflLEOLOOICAL SOCIETY. 



ami that of all Englishmen, the poet haa been enabled to 
unite the shado^'y and unseen past to local and visible 
scenery ; he has transfeiTcd us, with all our sympathies, 
to ages long before the Roman had set his eyes upon 
this land, making us feel, in King Leai", our human af- 
finity with the remotest occupiers of the soil. 

To unravel the various threads of which these impres- 
sions are composed, to penetrate the channel to its pri- 
meval source, to give clearness and consistency to the 
outline now vague, shadowy, and incomplete, to find a 
certain footing for the historian amidst fading and feeble 
traditions, to bind age to age by feelings of natural piety, 
but especially to ages far removed, is the task of the 
archseologist ; a task, as Bacon says, grateful to man and 
not without reverence. We desire to see — as who would 
not^ — ^this county of ours reinvested with its "forest 
primeval," its first inhabitants, its earliest colonists; we 
desire to see the successive steps which have advanced 
us fi-om a small to a mighty nation, to revisit the cradle 
of our history, to realize it as far as may be fiom ge- 
neration to generation. The dress and manners, the 
houses they lived in, the food they ate, much more the 
language and the thoughts, the polity and institutions, 
of those who lia^'e preceded us, are full of thoughtful 
pleasure and delight. And for these purposes the 
archaeology of Kent furnishes a rich and unexplored 
field. If Celtic histoiy is to be studied, we ha\'e Celtic 
remains, — the cromlechs of Coldrum, of ICitt's Cotty, of 
Addington, and others. These have jet to be explored, 
developed, and described. If Roman military occupa- 
tion, we have Roman fortresses, — Richborough, Reculver, 
Lymne, and DoA'er ; Roman roads, stations, baths, and 



INTBOUrcnON. 



monuments, are sown broadcast over the land. Step by 
step may the inquirer trace, in the examination of these 
remains, now sjmnning the long reclaimed morass, now 
surmounting the hill or piercing the once impenetrable 
forest, the genius of that imwearied people, covering 
with a sympathetic net^vork the provinces under their 
control ; bringing under military rule and into stem mi- 
litary contact, mountain and seaport, forest, fortress, and 
rising colony ; nding all and rousing all with the magical 
rapidity and precision of their movements. 

When the fierce native found shelter no longer in his 
thickets, from that stem gaze which had scanned and 
measured every comer of the earth, when " force per- 
force" he must endure the presence of his conqueror ; 
when the desolated precincts afforded no protection or 
reverence to his Druids, when the conqueror himself 
exchanged the sw^ord for arts and ci\ilization :-^in the 
remains of miUtiii^ roads and strongholds, of baths, of 
temples, and granaries, the archtcologist of Kent will 
trace the change, and picture to himself the next great 
step in the annals of his country. He will read in the 
monuments of Celtic-Roman Kent the efficacy of those 
lessons which tlie polished and politic Roman delivered 
to his conquered subjects ; he nill see Kentish Britain 
pouring its tributes of com into the ports and navies of . 
the Romans; the sword forgotten for the plough; a 
teeming soil ofFeiing a tempting and defenceless prey 
to the fierce plunderers of the North. He will trace the 
new comer step by step, in the permanent and wider in- 
fluence he exerted ; in the arms, the habits, the weapons 
and instruments he brought ; in the monuments which 
he left of his victories over the inhabitants; in his camp 






!.,>« «.»i..it i.i.i.' til bbi,' lNktw^«>«\)J^th(^Orau3^] 
' Mttb Um> DiMerial to>| 
■ U-. He will trace thel 

> V\v'ii, Ui l).>t ^iiiUuAl ax*uiui>tiou of Kooum cuth \ 
ifftun *UiU iMVfVM : ut ttv( Mli-ttt pn-iHinition for the slill I 
I^VUW*' i^huii^t.' wUk'h was t» fuUow; in his mode off 
jA'ifliug with iKi' foimufiXHl mces ; in his efforts to re- J 
^lu Hui vultmi, iu(U'[H'iult'nce, aiid ftntiquit}- of his own ; 
iu \\w I'uitiou of one hikI lUl in the bond and working | 
(if u roiiuiuui Christianity. Celtic, Roman. Anglo-Saxon | 
Ki'Hl, wnni(;ht out in clearer tj-pes, will help him to J 
i't'iili2i< in roliiiird more distinct, more certain, and more j 
dflinili^ Uritannic, Roman, Anglo-Saxon England. 

Hill in tlius tracing out the influence of the new comers 
in thi'ir hrmuler characterintins, by the general and local ' 
IrnditionH and memorials of his county, the archeeologist 
will not nc^Kloct those less seen but not less subtle and 
irrori' pcrnniiiciit changes intrndnccd in the division and 
Mccuimtion of the land. He will not overlook the origin 
luid I'auMi'H of those diticions ; the meanings of the wonls 
in which Hn-y im- enwhrined ; their effect on the social 
mid jdililir'nl ciinilition of the country. AB\ these are 
well woriliy (h<* roiiwdemtinn, as they are the special 
(»rMviiii'*f of llie philonojiliicul archu'ologiHt; and in all 
l^iw-> Ilii- t-iftilrihiitiiMii to our pngcH may render essential 
mrvitJ! lo llie vmtue of liistory, wlnltit they arc helping 
Ui |;lii£u tht> wuii'nt and diHtingiitHhing glories of their 
miivv fttiiuly on iiii inipitriMhahh> luiHiii. We licNitute 
fM Ut my, lliul u irouiity hi»itory wliicli nhould develope 
' ■ ■ ■' ' '-'riltliig pi-cnliarilict*. would do more 
OmitriU Hiving 111 a living ami cletir 



INTRODUCTION. 13 

With the occupation of the Saxon, Kent returns to the 
mnk it first held on the arri\-al of the Roman ; under 
Hengist and Kthelhert it once more takes the lead in 
those events which are henceforth to exercise a paramount 
influence on the nation. A new race of kings step fortli, 
who have left the impression of kingship written more 
clearly on its annals than any other. C'liristianity elicits 
and shapes the dormant thought of loyalty to a spiritual 
and temporal supremacy. To Kent we turn and its sove- 
reign Ethelbert for the first exemplification of that royal 
position, since so closely interwoven with all the political 
modifications and political strength of England. From 
this ciudle the Church arose, second only in antiquity 
and scarcely second in power to the Crown; here it firet 
brought into harmonious but mysterious operation the 
antagonistic elements of antagonistic populations. Here 
it stood forth at once the emblem of spiritual sovereignty, 
as of spiritual ministration; of distinct nationality, yet a 
world-wide brotherhood. It is to C'anterbury that we 
turn, as the metropolitan chui'ch of England ; the fiaiit- 
ful parent of a thousand churches ; the type &om which 
all others were derived : the cynosure towards which the 
hearts of Englishmen moved in the Middle Ages ; their 
Rome and the centre of their worship, when some centre 
of visible unity was necessary in the distiactions of Chris- 
tendom and the feebleness of national incorporation. In 
Canterbury and its archbishops we behold the men who, 
like Lanixanc and Anselm, felt that their insular inde- 
pendence was compatible with their interest in the gene- 
ral well-being of Christendom ; or like Stephen Langton, 
that their connection with Christendom could only be 
realized in its widest and most permanent forms by loy- 
altv to the nation. 



U KE^JT ARCn.BOLOGICAL SOCrETT. 

Under the shadow of the Church, arts, Uteratme, and 
science spring to life ; not less trade and commerce. 
The handicraft now developed in the free and skilled 
labourer of the United Kingdom, was brought out and 
trained for the uses of the Church. Its masons, carpen- 
ters, paJntei-s, workers in glass and metal, its weavers, its 
printers, its decorators of all kinds, even its merchants 
and traders, gathered and grew up under the wing of the 
Church, looking to its walls and monasteries, its spiritual 
and temporal influence, for protection, for instruction, for 
encouragement. In missals, coins, frescoes, tombs, altars, 
screens, and canopies; in carved work of wood, stone, 
and iron ; in mullioned windows and cathedral canopies, 
we read not the traces of mere ecclesiastical magnificence, 
the sacrifices of early love and piety, the visible enslirine- 
ments of faith and hope, but the still siuriving annals of 
the skill, industry, and patience of a race which, turning 
its energies in a different channel, has since achieved as 
splendid and abiding victories in the mine and the fac- 
tory. Manchester and Birmingham are the Uneal off- 
erings of Canterbury, York, and Lincoln ; the cloth- 
workers of Kent have given place to the manufactmcrs 
of Leeds and Kidderminster. Yet the Church was the 
cradle of both ; and whatever changes arts and commerce 
may undergo in the great law of progress, under the 
shadow of the Church grew up the sacred independence 
of righteous indnstiy which prevented mechanical em- 
ployments from degenerating into mere slavish taskwork, 
and redeemed the votaries of labour fi-om the moral and 
physical degradation of the serf. In directions still hum- 
bler the influence of the cathedral is visible ; in the know- 
ledge and practice of agriculture bi-ought by St. Angus- 



INTflOnrCTION. 15 

tiue and his monks into England ; in the application of 
skilled labour to the land ; in the parks and gardens 
which grew up ai-ound its hallowed and peaceful pre- 
cincts; in the constant endeavours of its Italian and 
Italianized archbishops to surround themselves with the 
natui'al and artificial productions of the South, thus pre- 
paring the way for that distinction which has won for 
Kent the title of the "Garden of England,"' Here local 
and minute inqiury may render essential service in a field 
of investigation as yet unwrought ; the annals of Kent- 
ish horticulture are not less interesting, scarcely less 
important than the recoverj- of forgotten documents or 
buried political facts. 

Yet one more great convulsion, one that is to link 
in bonds of lasting unity the disconnected yet noble ele- 
ments of a great nation ; to knit the wood and the stone, 
the delicate ironwork, the gold, and the precious stones ; 
to bring out in fresh vigour and beauty the Celtic and 
the Koman combined with the Saxon ; to give a greater 
finish, a more enduring grace, a deeper shade ; to fill a 
brave and loyal land with chivalrous thoughts, and 
quicken its imagination with poetic visions 

■' Of pomp, and feaat, and revelry, 
With masque and antique pageantry, 
Such Bights ns f oulhful poets dream 
On summer eve by haunted stream," 

Norman prowess and Norman adventure, Norman land- 
lord and Saxon tenant, the baronial hall, its ladies and 
its minstrels, its tales of knightly daring and courtesy, of 



" A gentler life spreads round the holy spirea ; 
Where'er they rine the sylvan wdsto retires 
And aery harvests erown the fertile lea." 



EEVT AWHiOI/iGIC.VI. SOCrETT. 



1 depmdntcT, of 60011061 jousts and Christmas gnm- 
, of Mimed TvVuaen and fitithful squires, are tho 
I of tfaU new era. Hence the feelings r>f personal 
aocamt houses and ancient race, mellow- 
i die pmam to kindlier and nobler relationship 
I die owner and tiller of the land, raising up 
t dw coimtiy a Mate of life and socict}- which 
I ia BO odier. Hence, in earlier days, sprang the 
HeniSU, Ae SCanunoU, the SayH. the De CVescies, the 
Cl«m, tite OensccBiiii, the De Chilhams, De Thum- 
, De LeybooniM, the Avcrenches, the De Burghs, 
fctfbe QnfAm, die Bokealcv, the Cobhams, the Malmaynes. 
tfw^ BouichampK, the Oreys, the Pojnings, the Valoignes, 
tht' fitrabolf^s, the Bodlcsmeres, the Northwoods, the 
PechifK, the Fnroiof^haois, and Hauts. Hence, in aAer 
af^en, Kpruig tlie Wyat«, the St Ix^rs, the Che)Tie8, the 
Biilleynii, the Wdnejs, the Guldefonls, the Ropers, the 
hXt'yn, the Wottons, the Moyhfs, the Hales, the Cromers, 
tlic Harts, the IJretts, tlie Levesons, the Scots, the 
IU>lKfrt«, the Kempes. the Monins, the Twysdens, the 
Dtfiiigs, Iho Knau^hbiiiU, the Tukes, the Darells, the 
Ojli'pejM'ni, th(* Walifinf^hamH, and Fanes. Hence, too, 
llMf Airtb-yt, thi* Hichiiiond Stuarts, the Sackvilles, the 
KJh/^c*. (ti*' Vii(*'*>i, Ihf l''ilnii'r», the Maneys, the Brock- 
mitMt iUi' 'lufurit*. (lie lIoLelefH, the Ch-rks, the Selbys; 
lilt' ni*'U wh'i Ml nil iM'rixflx Ntjxxl u]> for the freedom 
itl Vititi^UuA Mt hottit' and her iiffK>^ndisement abroad. 
Th'-w M*' Um' I'M'n, hikI auch u theae, whose names aj-e 
iiMlchhly (iftfiriec'tixl with our ancient castles and ances- 
liulU; otir l^u'dn, Pctwhurst, Cobham, Cowling, 
II, hirhri((, \A'y\»mn\, Chilham, Sutton, Hever, 
ifh, Huthtlelit, Tunbridge, Kochestor, Dover, Lul- 



INTBODCCrrON. 17 

lingston, Surreuden, Eastwell, Roydou, twadbury, Knole, 
Bedgbury, Mersham, Godinton, Hemsted, Glassenbury, 
Mereworth, Linton, Beachborough, Teston, Ford, the 
Motes, Need we insist on these matters, hitherto con- 
sidered as the peculiar province of the archieolo^at I 
With such examples as these to look back upon, we 
may be forgiven our attachment to the past ; our re- 
verence for the homes which gave birth to such men, 
and that home-loving and homely feeling which cha- 
racterized their lives in its most chivalrous aspects. If 
that reverence for home and family which manifests it- 
self under so many forms be in some respects our weak- 
ness, it is in more our glorj' and our strength. The 
Northern chief raised up his newborn child on the war- 
rior's shield, to signify for what purpose he was bom : 
even so, home has been the cradle of our greatest men, 
the shield on which they have been raised, not merely 
to defend their comitiy, but to secure those blessings 
without which all countries are alike, and all indifferent. 
That has been our palladium against tlie encroachments 
of spiritual tjTanny on one side, of temporal tyranny on 
the other. Here Englishmen, taking their stand, have 
reverenced monarchy as it reflected back to them an en- 
larged imfige of their own household, — the Church as a 
family. Who shall wonder then that, in common with 
the most moi-al and moat reverential nations of the an- 
cient world, they have guarded with a religious care the 
traditions and successions of the family ; that this re- 
verence has mingled its roots and its branches with re- 
verence for law and political order, until the one can be 
no longer disengaged from the other ; until, taking 
further root, tlie same feeling has made its way into 



18 KENT ABCILSOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 

every form almost of art and literature ; imtil no biogra- 
phy, however meagre, is without its charm, no portrait 
without its interest ; no record of great men is allowe<l 
to perish ; no letter or memorial of them that is not 
duly valued ? The same feeling has displayed and fed 
itself by the jealous pres(?r\ation of family archives, of 
family mansions, of tombs, of names that linger round 
old haunts in field and city ; as if the spirit still flitted 
about its ancient resting-place. 

For the elucidation of these relics of antiquity, though 
scattered and submerged in the deluge of time, tanquam 
tabulfB naufroffii, and demanding a tender and thought- 
ful hand for their collection and arrangement, we have 
genealogies and evidences, letters and archives. These 
are interesting to all, if we look to no higher motive 
than that curiosity implanted by nature in the breast of 
all, which urges them to become acquainted with other 
lands and other times than those in which they live ; 
grateful and agreeable to that better and nobler feeling 
which teaches men to recognize their bond with the 
mighty soul of humanity in all ages, instinctive of so- 
lemn thoughts and reverential musings. 

" I Weil consider all thut ye linve sayd ; 
And iind that all things stcdrattnee doe hsXa 
And changed be ; yet being rightly wayd, 
They are not changed from their firat estate ; 
But by Ihi'ir chango tlieir being doe dilate t 
AdiI turning to themeelTes at length agoine 
Doe worko their owne perfection ho by fate : 
Then over them Change doth not rule and raigne, 
But they raigne over Change, and doe Iheir atates maintain." 

Museums and libraries, public and private archives, 
abound with treasures of this kind ; in many respects 
the most valuable, in all respects the most interesting. 




INTKOUUC-noN. 19 

tliat can be furnished to a journal like ours. Here 
most of our readers can lend us effectual aid ; and 
united efforts, easily borne by many, may be prosecuted 
more efficiently than by few, and produce a har\-e8t of 
materials for the illustration of our county biographies 
that cannot be surpassed. One of the chai-ms of archae- 
ology at least, like that of natural history, consists in its 
eminently social nature ; in the employment it offers to 
all, in the sendees which all can render. From some of 
our correapondents — and we expect their name will be 
legion — we shall look for nai-ratives of discoveries al- 
ready made or hereafter to be prosecuted in their im- 
mediate neighbourhoods ; for descriptions of the relics 
turned up at the unearthing of tumuli ; for accounts of 
ancient tombs. Others mil tell us of their local tra- 
ditions, or send us letters and genealogies of families 
living or extinct in their neighbourhood. Let all, now 
and then in their li^'es, revisit the past, and do their 
best to refresh the memories of ancient things; let 
them nith loving sympathy wipe away the dust or re- 
move the moss and incrustations which have gathered 
round the records of our long-buried but not forgotten 
worthies. For that is the character of our land. 

How much that is \aluablc has grown out of this 
reverence for ancient families and ancient fonns, we 
ourselves are witnesses. Living in the past more than 
any other nation,^ — shaping our course by that past, — re- 
curring to past experience, — rewarding, honouring, and 
celebrating the thoughts and actions of past men and 
ages, — carving out for ourselves from the expanse of 
time a broader horizon, — we pass from the familiaritj' 
of the present into the keen enjoyment of distant an- 



KENT ABCILSOLOGiaU. SOCIETV. 



tiquity. Aiui if the rapid sweeji of our progress as a 
nation, instead of rendering us indifferent to the deeds 
and wisdom of their forefathers, has implanted in iis 
a keener relish, a more thorough appreciation for an- 
cient but not forgotten things ; if at this time above 
all others, when we have dnfted so widely fi'om the 
past that it might be thought the past could yield no 
light to those inquiries we now are most deeply inter- 
ested in ; if in an age more devoted than any other 
to utilitarianism, the history of the past has received 
double honour, and the lore and cirilization of the past 
are more duly valued; — may we not expect that out of 
those inquiries to which the pages of this joumal will 
be devoted, innumerable vestiges of events, of scenes, 
of life and manners, will present themselves to the fu- 
ture historian, which shall enable him to place these 
records in still clearer light ; to represent the past in its 
ftillest and liveliest proportions, to fix the uncertain, to 
clear the obscure ; and when the mission of this nation 
is accomplished, if ever it is accomplished, to leave to 
future generations the exact form and pressure of a 
great people, from infancy to decay, who have not lived 
on God's earth in vain, or been entrusted mth such 
>-a8t powers and empires for fruitless and transitory pur- 
poses? By memorials such as these, carefnUy and con- 
secutively gathered into many folios dnring the last cen- 
tary ; by scattereil fragments of the wreck ; by inscrip- 
tions, coins, and etymologies. — the scorn of flippant wits 
in a flippant age, — the great compararive anatomist of 
ancient history was enabled to read the lesson of the 
past, and to teach men to find their way by as sure a 
due as the disciple of Bnckland or Owen reanimates a 



INTRODUCTION. «1 

worlj of iiiegatheria aiid hylwosann. We expect no less 
from the labours of the English archBeologist. 

These harvests, no scanty ones, are to be reaped m all 
directions; no scantj- ones, not unworthy of a\u com- 
mon comitry, or that still smaller spot of it to which we 
owe our birth and the innumerable silent influences 
which that soil has sent into om- souls with all its 
breathing ti-aditions. WTio shall count or weigh them? 
Who shall say how the associations of our native land 
may have grown up with bone and sinew ; how far the 
fii'm will has been fostered, the imagination fed by the 
ancient memories of the soil ? But we shall need all 
hands to help us. aud all may ; we shall need the full 
strength implied in oui- motto to accomplish our task, 
"The might of Kentish men, and the zeal of Kent^ 
ish maidens."^ Hitherto they have lent us effectual aid 
to launch our boat ; let them speed the good ship on its 
coui-se, not with tlieir good wishes only, but by inspi- 
ring, as they can, — none better — many other laboiu-ers 
>vith their zeal in helping forward the work. Then, if 
we cannot place Kentish Archaeology on a footing wor- 



' " A« to the meaning of the motto * Canl-wara mffiffB.' — ' Cant-wara 
budrSi ' does not merely mean the Mbe, people, district, or county of Kent 
orof EentiBhmcii.biit Wara deaalee Xenl-dvielleri, tko*e who inhabit Sent, 
thoie Kho are hound togelhtr, mho ditell in all their dometlie cainforlt aa 
hutbanda ; for 'icitre' is allied to 'wer,' a man, a kutbaad. 

" ' MEBgTi ' has a still more eit^csive meaning ; it dnnoteB a Iribe.peoplc, 
the loeality iff a tribe, a district, province ; mhai has influence orpoteer, 
originatea or increaiea at woman 1 from 'tiKBg,' awoman; 'magan,' toba able, 
to prevail. 

" Henoe ' Cont-want nuegfi ' may bo paraphrased and may include, what- 
ever hit* been done by men, kasbaadt qf Kent, rptll-houiul to the digtriet, 
and influenced by the noble deeds and the great works of antiquity, by 
the gentle and all-perauasive power of woman." — Rev. Joafph Boiworlh, 
D.D., PftylMor of Anglo-Saxon in the Univeriily qf Oxford. 



22 KENT ARCILEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 

thy of our county, worthy too of our common country, — 
more than all, worthy of the auspices under which we 
have commenced, and the aid and good wishes accorded 
to us, — we shall take up our old local proverb, proud as 
it may appear, " Not in Kent, not in Christendom ;" — 
the thing is not to be done, or not done in this gene- 
ration. 



•^^ For the badge of our Society, which adorns the title-page of this 
Yolome, we are indebted to the taste and munificence of three ladies, 
daughters of the Earl of Abergavenny, — Lady Caroline NeviD, Lady Au- 
gpista Mostyn, and Lady Isabel Bligh. 



ERRATA AND ADDENDA. 

Ml* fi, line ^,Jbr muttong,' nwd moltone." 

6, line 5,/or bucke,' rtad bucks.' 
18. With refracani to tho facsiniilo ai Letter VI,, it Bhould be uol«d that thii 

doea not difiur from other original liitters of the period, the addresa b^g 

olmjs at the buk, and the aigiuiture at the foot of the foho, however wide 

the space might bo bctoeen it and the last vorda of the letter. Theee tiro 

poinla ne bnro been obliged to accommodnte to our page ; in other reipeota, 

the lithograph ia an eiaet fiuuiQiile of tho original. 
40, The heading of Letlor 28, Jbr From tho Salue to the Same, read From 

Archbishop Warham to Oardinsl Wolsey. 
40, tine 15, Courtopacet, lie in origins), but it ahoold have been ' Courtopatrct,' 

Jbr Court at Street, tvlga Courtup Street, i.e. the majior of Street, in Limnc. 

It traa at tho Chapel of our Lsdj horc that tho " Holy Maid of Kent " prno- 

tised her impoaturea. 
67, Mtoc 5,/or the reference p. 50, read p. S4, 
87. Tho woodcut of Sir Thomsa U urton should have been inserted at the top 

of p. 88. 
120. Tlie inscription to Sir Thomas BulleD has been worVed off at tho foot 

of the figure, instead of being placed, as on llie tomb itaolf, oTer the head. 

It waa originally at the foot of the tomb ; but oa that adjoins the easlcm 

wall of the church, it was probablj trHDaferrod thence to ita present position 

for fiunlitj of reading. 
124. In the oomniencenieDt of the paper a reference is made to the " Inigui- 

•itionm post Mortem in the Appondii to this Volume." WehaTO been com- 

pellod by want of apace to defer the insertion of tlieae " Inquiaitionea " till 

196, Une 23,/ar hould, read ahould. 
213, line 20./or inccnced, rend iuccnied. 



The Council of the Kent Archaological Society are not anmerahle for 
any opinions that may he put forward in this Work, The Contributors 
of the different Papers are each responsible for their ouyn remarks. 



CONTENTS. 



VAGI 

INTKODUCTION 1-28 

RULES AND LIST OF MEMBEB8 xi 

INAUGUBAL MEETING XXXili 

FIRST ANNUAL MEETING Ix 

LETTER FROM PROF. STANLEY TO THE HONORARY SECRETARY Ixxxix 

THE INVENTORY OF JULIANA DB LEYBORNE, COUNTESS OP HUN- 
TINGDON 1 

ARCHBISHOP WARHAM's LETTERS 9 

ON ANGLO-SAXON REMAINS RECENTLY DISCOVERED AT FAVER- 
SHAM, AT WYE, AND AT WESTWELL, IN KENT. BY C. ROACH 
SMITH, ESQ 42 

ON THE SURRENDEN CHARTERS 50 

AUTOGRAPH LETTER OF WILLIAM QF WYKEHAM. BY C. WYKEHAM 

MARTIN, ESQ 66 

HACKINGTON, OR ST. STEPHEN'S, CANTERBUBY. COLLAB OF 88. 

BY EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A 73 

ON Cesar's landing-place in bbitain. by b. c. hussey, esq., 

F.S.A 94 

COWDEN AND ITS NEIGHBOUBHOOD. BY BOBEBT WILLIS BLEN- 

COWE, ESQ Ill 

"PBOBATIO ^TATIS" OF WILLIAM DE SEPTVANS . , . . . 124 

DISCOVEBY OF FRAGMENTS OF ANCIENT BRITISH, ROMANO-BBI- 
TISH, AND BOMAN POTTERY, FOUND IN A CHALK CAVERN 
IN CAMDEN PARK, CHISLEHURST, NEAR BROMLEY, KENT. 
BY BOBEBT BOOTH LATTER, ESQ 137 



X CONTENTS. 

ST. Mildred's, Canterbury, by r. c. hussey, esq., f.s.a. . 143 

QUEEN ELIZABETH WOODVILLE 147 

FAYERSHAM CHURCH, KENT. BY T. WILLEMENT, ESQ., P.S.A. . 150 

OBSERVATIONS ON THE SUPPOSED SITE OP ANCIENT ROMAN 

MAIDSTONE. BY REV. BEALE POSTE 154 

NOTES OF BRASSES FORMERLY EXISTING IS DOVER CASTLE, 
MAIDSTONE, AND ASHFORD CHURCHES. BY HERBERT L. 

SMITH, ESQ 176 

SIR ROGER TWYSDEN's JOURNAL 184 

PEDES FINIUM 217 

INDEX TO PEDES FINIUM 279 

GENERAL INDEX 289 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



■♦ « • 



Facsimile of Letter of Archbishop Warham to /ace p. 18. 

Anglo-Saxon Antiquities at Faversham, etc., three plates, 

between pp. 48 and 49. 

Facsimile of an Anglo-Saxon Charter and a Letter of William of Wykeham, 

between pp. 62 afid 63 •- 
Large Map, Bulverhithe to Rye .... between pp. 102 and 103. • 
Small Map, Bulverhithe to Rye .... between pp. 104 and 105. * 
Facsimile of Letter of Elizabeth Woodville .... to face p. 147. « 
Mural Paintings in Faversham Church, folding plate, 

between pp. 150 and 151. * 
Mural Paintings in Faversham Church, three plates, 

between pp. 152 and 153. 
Map to illustrate Roman Maidstone . . . between pp. 154 and 155. 
Brasses of Sir R. Aston in Dover Castle Church, and Richard WydviUe, of 

the Mote in Maidstone, and his wife . between pp. 178 and 179. 
Brasses of Elizabeth, Countess of Athol, at Ashford, and John Wotton^ at 

Maidstone between ^^, ISO and 1 SI. • ' 

Facsimile of Title-page to Sir R. Twysden's Journal . . to face p. 186. ♦ 
Facsimile of Fine to face p. 249. • 



• % 



• ♦ 



Jfiirt ^rt^irologiral ^0ri£tj). 



19ccsitinU, 
THE MABQUESS CAMDEN, H.Q. 

Ftct^i^Tcsilitnts, 

HIS GRACE TUE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY. 

THE LORD LIEUTENANT— VISCOD"NT SYDNEY. 

TUE EARL OF DABTMOUIS. 

THE EARL STANHOPE, PRES. S.A., D.O.L. 

THE EARL OE ABERGAVENNY. 

THE EARL OP DAJINLET. 

THE EARL AMHERST. 

THE TISCOCNT FALMOOTH. 

THE VISCOUNT HARDINGE. 

THE LORD BISHOP OF ROCHESTER. 

THE LORD DE L'lSLE AND DUDLEY. 

THE LORD LOKDESBOHOUGH, K.C.H., F.R.S,. F.S.A. 

THE LORD CHANWORTH, 

THE HOSOL'RABLE J. M. BYNG. 

THE HONOURABLE THOMAS E. LLOYD MOSTYN, M.P. 

SIR E, C. DEBINQ, BART. 

SIB NORTON J. KNATCHBULL. BART., F.S.A. 

SIR THOMAS MAKYON WILSON, BART. 

SIR BROOK W. BRIDGES, BART., M.P. 

THE VERY REV. THE DEAN OF CANTERBURY. 

THE VERY BKV, THE DEAN OF ROCHESTER. 

THE VENERABLE THE ARCHDEACON OF MAIDSTONE. 

THE VENERABLE THE ARCHDEACON OF E0CHB8TEB. 

WILLIAM DEEDES, ESQ., M.P. 

CHARLES WYKEHAM MARTIN, ESQ., M.P., F.8.A. 

JAMES WHATMAN, ESQ., M.P., F.R.S., F.S.A. 

EDWARD KNATCHBDLL HUGE6SEN, ESQ., M.P. 

ALEXANDER J. B. BEEBSFORD HOPE, ESQ., M.P., F.S.A. 

MAJOR SCOTT, M.P. 

W. A. MACKINNON, ESQ, M.P.. M.A., F.R.S., F.8.A., F.G.8. 

J. A. WABRE, ESQ., M.P. 

J^onoTitrs Sttittacs. 
THE REV. LAMBERT B. L^ARKING. 

^tetsiant StcTctarg. 
EDWARD PRETTY, ESQ. 



XU KENT ARCH^OLOGICAL SOCIETY. 

CounciL 

G. B. AcwoBTH, Esq Rochester. 

G. M. Abvold, Esq Oravesend. 

Matthsw Bbll, Esq., f.o.s Bourne Park. 

JoHir Bbucb, Esq., v.p.a.s London. 

Est. W. J. Ghbsshtbb Canon qf Canterbury. 

W. Glatton, Esq J^er. 

J. Cbosbt, Esq., f.s.a London. 

J. 'EspiVASSB, Esq Boxley Lodge. 

E. Fobs, Esq., f.s.a Churchill House, Dover. 

J. J. HowABD, Esq., f.s.a Blackheath. 

E. HussBY, Esq Scotney Castle. 

B. HussBY, Esq., f.s.a London. 

Sib Waltbb Jambs, Babt Betshatiger. 

H. B. Mackbson, Esq Sythe. 

C. Mbbcbb, Esq Maidstone. 

G. W. Nobman, Esq Bromley. 

C. B. C. Fbtlbt, Esq Riverhead. 

Bbv. Bbale Foste Maidstone. 

Bbv. J. C. BoBEBTSON BeJceshome. 

J. BoGBBS, Esq., f.b.s Riverhill. 

T. Thtjbston, Esq Ashford. 

G. WiCKHAM, Esq Mayor of Maidstone. 

T. N. WiGHTWiCK, Esq Mayor of Canterbury. 

Bbv. F. Wbbnch Stowting. 

trustees. 

The Mabqubss Camden, k.o. 
Edwabd Kkatchbull Hugbssbk, Esq., m.f. 
Jambs Whatman, Esq., m.f. * 

Matthew Bell, Esq. 

John Sayagb, Esq. 
John Noble Dudlow, Esq. 

Messes. Bandall, Mbbcbb, and Co., Maidstone. 
(London Correspondents, Messrs. Masterman and Co.) 

Mbssbs. Hammond and Co., Canterbury. 
(London Correspondents, Messrs. Glynn and Co.) 



RULES 



^tnt ^rt^axrlogtral Sotidy. 



1. The Society ahall consiat of Ordinary Merabera and Honorary 
Members. 

2. The affairs of the Society ahnU be conducted by a Council, con- 
sisting of tlie President of the Society, the Vice-Presideutu, the Hono- 
rary Secretary, and twenty-four Membera elected out of the general 
body of the Subscribers : one-fourth of the latter shall go out annually 
by potation, but shall ncvertheleaa be re-eligible. Five Membera of 
the Council to constitute a tiuorum. 

3. The Council ahall meet to trananet the buaineas of the Society 
on the second Thursday in the months of March, June, September, 
and December, aud at any other time that the Secretary may deem 
it expedient to call them together. The June Meeting shall always 
be held in London : those of March, September, and December, at 
Cimterhury and Maidstone alternately. 

4. At every Meeting of the Society or Council, the President, or, 
in hie absence, the Chairman, shall have a casting vote, independently 
of hia vote as a Member. 

6. A General Meeting of the Society shall be held annually, in 
July, Auguat, or September, at some place rendered interesting by 
its anti()uiticB or historical aasociations, in the eastern and western 
divisions of the county alternately: the day and place thereof to be 
appoinl«d by the Council. At the said General Meeting, antiquities 
shall be eihibited, and papers read on Bubjecta of archieologieal in- 
terest. The accounts of the Society, having l>eca previously allowed 
by the Auditors, shall be presented ; the Council, through the Se- 
cretary, shall make n Report on the state of the Society ; and the 
Auditors and the sii new Members of the Council for the ensuing 
year shall be elected. 

. The Annual General Meeting shall have power to make pucli 



XVI KENT Anrn.i:nLOGTCAL ROCIETT. 

fClalling Hietrin, 

Mb. Dobbli. Mailing. 

fiorfiiEltT IBistnct. 

G. B. AcwoBTH, Esq Star Hill, Rocheater. 

SriitiMahs Distriti, 

J, BoiHD, Esq Westcrham. 

ETcnttrlm District. 

Abtute Havbbs, Ebq Twterden. 

Ctmbrttigc SSCcUs Htstrirt, 

Bbv. D. WiHHiM TunMdge Willi. 

Wn^taiV Qistitcl. 

Thomab TnuBSTOH, Esq Athford. 

Cantnburg Bistrict. 

T. N. WiOHTWiCK, Esq Canter-hitry. 

ISobtT IBistiirt. 

W, Clatton, Esq Dover. 

ffnstvg District. 

Captain Bblfiblo Eastiy. 

JRib(Ts))3m Qistricl. 

W. A. Munn, Esq ThrowUy. 

Ssl^c ISiatiict. 

H. B. Macebson, Esq Hi/the. 

flcJD iKomnrg district. 

John Huhphebt, Esq New Somntrff. 

Sale of £f)C)ipcg liialrict. 

Ebv. Gbobob Bb;ant Skeematt. 

Mc o{ t^banct Qiatnit. 
B»7. S. E0BIM8 81. Petn-'t, Thanet. 



SOCIETIES IN UNION, 

Ar IrlirelKmgi if PtMlroHaiu, tie. 



The Architcctund Museum, Sonth KenBington Mnaciuu, ^ 

The Kilkenny and West oriTcland Archipological Soclel] 

The Lincoln Dioceean Architectural Society. 

The Sussex ArcLoKilogical Society. 



HONORARY MEMBERS. 



i 



William Henry Blaauw, Esq., u.a., H.R.o.a., BeecMand. NewieJc, 8u*iex. 

The R^, J. Bosworth, d,d., r.B.a., p.s.a., Clirisl CLorcL, Oxford; Pro- 
feeeor of Anglo- Sttion, Univ. Oiford ; ph.d. of Ley den, ll.d. of Aber- 
deen, Corteaponding Member of the Boyal Institute of the Netber- 
luids, M.ft.s. of Lit. London, Honorary f.r.b. of Sciences, Norwny, 
F.B.4. Coi>enhaKen. F. of Lit. S. Leyden, Utrefht, Eotterdam. Bristol, 
Newcaatle-npon-TyDO, etc. 

The JjorA Braybroote, f.s.a., 10, Nem Burlington Street, and AudUy 
End, Saffron Walden, Esuex. 

Her. J. 8. Brewer, m.a., ProfesBor of Hiittory. King's College, London, 
and Seader at the Holb Chapel, General Record Office, FctUr Lane. 
Landon, B.C. 

Bev. E. Cardwell, d.d.. F.a.A., Principal of St. Albaa Hall, and CaDiden 
Professor of Ancient lliatory, Oxford. 

EcT. Wm. Cureton, n.D., Canon of Westminster, DeaWs Tard, Weat- 

Sir Henry EUis, Kt., k.h., b.c.l., t.b.b,, Hon. m.k.i.a.. Hist. St-aiid. 
Holm, et 8oe, Eeg. Antiq. Hafb, Soeius, Sop. Bog. Antiq. Franc 
Corresp. et Acad. Beg. So. Brux., 24, Bedjbrd St/nars. w.c. 

Augnstus Franks, Esq., f.s.a., Director of the Society of Antiquaries, 
Britith Mugeum. 

Henry Hallam, Esq., d.c.l., u.a.. Trustee of the British .Museum, f.b.s., 
F.S.A. , F.O.S., M.B.s.L., lust. B^g. Sc. Paris. SouiuB, et Acad. Beg, 
Sc. BruA., and Harvard Coll. Mass., 24, Wilton Creaeent, EntghU- 

Tfaomas DuiTua Hardy. Esq., Assistant Keeper of the Becords, Qeneral 

Eecord Office, B.C. 

Edward Hawkina, Eaq., Vice-President of the Society of Antiquaries, 
Keeper of the Antiquities, BritUh Museum, W.C. 

Eer. Joso^ Hunter, Vice-Preaident of the Society of Antiquaries, Assis- 
tant teopor of the Becorda, Record Office, Carlton Ride, and 30, 
Torrijigton Square, w.c. 

Tliomaa William King, Esq.. f.s.a., York Herald, Herald's' College, B.C. 

Sir Frederick Madden, Kt., Keeper of the MSS., Britith Maieum, w.c. 

Bev. Samuel BofTey Mail land, d.d., f.b.s., f.s.a., Glmicesier. 

Sir Fraoeia Talgrave, k.h., f.b.b,, f.o.s., Deputy Keeper of the Becords, 
RolU House, Chancery Lane, w.c. 

J. T. Quekett, Esq., Professor of Histology and Conservator of the Hiiii. 
terian Muaeum, etc.. College of Sargeoan, London, W.C. 

The Lord Talbot de MalahJde. f.s.a., Malahtde Ca»tle, Dublin. 

The Rev. Edward Trollope, f.s.a., Leastngham, Sleqford, Lincohuhirr. 

William Twopeny, Esq., 48, Upper Grosvenor Street, w. 

Eev. Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, M.A., f.s.a., Canon of Chriat Church, and 
Be^ns Profeaaor of Eccleaiaatical HiaCory, Osford, ChriH Church. 
O^ord. 

Sir Charles Young, Kt.. Garter Kinj* of Arma. f.s.a,, London and Edin- 
burgh, and ifon. d.c.i.., Oxon, College of Armt, Lond-nn. e.c. 
VOL. J. fl 



XVI KENT ARCELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 

mOkns IBistnct. 
Mb. Dobxll Mailing. 

XUicfitsttt Sustrict. 
G. B. AcwoBTH, Esq Star Hilly Bochester. 

iSdiniodts IBuitnct. 
J. BoABD, Esq Westerham, 

(STentntim IBtstrut. 
Abthub Hatbbs, Esq Tenterden. 

tlTttninrttfge flSSeOs Btstrict. 
Ebv. D. Winham Twnhridge Wells. 

^toilforti IBtstrict. 
Thomas Thubston, Esq As^ford, 

<!Danterbnts IBistrkt. 
T. N. WiOHTWiCK, Esq Canterbury. 

Botier Bistrkt. 
W. Clayton, Esq Dover. 

(RbsAx^ Bmtrict. 
Captain Bblfield Eastry. 

W. A. MuNN, Esq Throwley. 

S^tlje IBistnct. 
H. B. Macebson, Esq JSythe. 

^efD i^mius Ststnct. 
John Huhfhbbt, Esq New Bomney. 

Mt of ^f^eppeg Bistrtct. 
Bby. Gbobob Bbyant Skeemess, 

Mt of Wnwutt Idustnct. 
Ebv. S. Eobins 8t. Peter**, Thanet. 



SOCIETIES IN UNION, 

Bor Interchange qf PubUeatimUf etc. 

The Architectural Museum, South Kensington Museum, w. 

The Kilkenny and West of Ireland Archaeological Society. 

The Lincoln Diocesan Architectural Society. 

The Sussex Archffiological Society. 



HONORARY MEMBERS. 



» 



William Henry Blaauw, Eaq,, M.i., m.b.o.s.. Betchlaad. Neieiek, Sutie*. 

TheH«y. J. Boaworth, d.d., f.b.s., f.s.*., Cliriflt ChuroL, Oxford j Pro- 
feasor of Anglo-Saxon, UniT.Oifordi ph.d. of Leyden, ll.d. of Aber- 
deen, Corresponding Member of the Eoyal Institute of tlie Nether- 
lands, K.B.s. of Lit. London, Honorary f.b.s. of Srienees. Norway. 
F.B.i. Copenliagen, F. of Lit. S. Leyden, UtrecUt, Rotterdam, Brbtol, 
Newcaslle-upon-Tyne, etc. 

The Lord Braybrooke, F.B.i,, 10, JVinc Burlhigloa Street, and AudUy 
Bnd. Saffron Walden, Essex. 

EeT. J. 8. Brewer, K.X.. ProfeBSor of History, King's College. London, 
and Beader at tLe Rolls Chapel, General Reeord Office, Fetter Lane. 

Eer. E, CardwcU, D.D., f.s.a., Prineipal of St. Alban Hall, and Camden 

ProfesBOr of Ancient History. Oxfurd. 
EeT. Wm. Cureton, d.d., Canon of Weatminster, Dean's Yard, West- 

miaiftr, s.W. 
Sir Henry Ellia, Kt., k.h., b.c.l., f.b.b., Hon. m.b.i.a.. Hist. Scand. 
' Holm, et Soc. Bee- Anliq. Halh. Socius, Soc. Beg. Antiq. Franc. 

Correap. et Aead. Reg. Sc. Brux., 24, Bedford Square, W.C. 
Angostns Franks, Esq., p.b.a.. Director of tie Society of Antiquaries. 

British Afuieum. 
Henry Haliam, Esq., d.c.l., m.a... Truateo of the British Muaenm, f.b.s., 

g.a.x., ?.o.a., H.B.8.L., Inat. B^u- Su. Paris. Sooius, ct Acad. Beg. 

Se. Brus., and Harvard Coll. Ma»»., 24, WiUim Crescent, SnighU- 

bridge, s.w. 
ThomsA Duffns Hardy, Esq., Asaistant Keeper of tlie Records, Genn-al 

Seeord Office, B.C. 
Edward Hawkins, Esq., TicO'Preeidcnt of the Society of Antiquaries, 

Keeper of the Antiquities. Britiih Maseum, w.C, 
Eev. Joseph Hunter, Vice-Preaident of the Society of Antiquaries, Assis- 
tant keeper of the Becords, Record Office, Carlton Ride, and 30, 

Torrinrjton Square, W.c. 
TlioniM William King, Esq., f.s.a., York Herald, Heralds' College, B.C. 
Sir Frederick Madden, Kt., Keeper of the M8S„ Britlih Museum, w.c. 
Bev. Samuel Bofiey Maitland, d.d., f.b.s,, f.b.a., Oloucetter. 
Sir Franeis Palgrave, s.H., f.b.s., F.a.s.. Deputy Keeper of the Records, 

SulU Souse, Chancery Lane, w.c. 
J. T. Quekett, Esq., Profeaaor of Histology and Conserrator of llie Hun- 

terian Museum, etc., College qf Surgeoni, London, w.c. 
The Lord Talbot do Malahide. f.s.a.. Malakide Castle, Dublin. 
The Rev. Edward TroDope, F.9.*., Leatingham, Slettford, Litttolnihire. 
William Twopeny, Esq.. -13, Upper Groireaor Street, w. 
Rev. Arthur Penrhyn Stanlev. k.a.. f.b.a.. Canon of Christ Church, and 

BcRius Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Oxford, Christ Ckvrrh, 

O^ord. 
Sir Charles Young. Kt., Garter King of Arms, f.s.a., London and Edin- 
burgh, and Hon, d.c.l., Oxon, College of Armi. London, e.c. 
Vnr,. I. ' /( 



M E M B E 11 8. 

Gnreclfd up to 9iA December, 18SS. 



N,B.— THH • PBBFIXED DBNOTH8 LIFB 



Aborgavennj, The Earl of, Bvrling Manor. 

Abergavenny, The Counters of, diUn. 

Acworth. G. Brindley, Eiq., Star Hill, EocArsffr. 

Addison, C. G., Esq., Inner TempU, B.C. 

Akere, George, Esq., Mailing Abbey. 

Akera, Mi*s., Mailing Abbey, 

Alters, James B., Esq., Tunbridge Welh. 

Alford.TheVeryEuv. H., Dean of Canterbury, D.D„ Draoc'-y, Cait/ir 

Allan, BeT. J. Lloyd, d.a., Cranirook. 

Allen, Eev, J. H., BrockAidl. Hythe. 

Allen. W. F.. Esq.. Seeeaonks. 

Alleyne, Sydney, Esq., TimbriJge. 

AUfree, E*v. G,. Tunbridge WelU. 

Amherst, The Earl, Montreal. 

Amherst, The Dowager Conntess, Kaoh. 

Andrcwe, Alfred Benjamin, Esq., Canlcrburg. 

Annytnge, Col., Broomhill Bank, Tunheidge Wellt. 

Arnold, G. M., Esq., Milton Lodge, Oraveiend. 

Amott, Rev. Samuel, m.a., Chatliam, 

Ashpitel, Arthur, Esq., f.s.a., 2, Facte' Cor^nvr, WctlmiHtter, s.«-. 

Austin, Henry George, Esq., tc.B.t.B.A., Preeiacli, Canterbury. 

•Bailey. Tliomas T., Esq., Hall Place. Leigh, Tiinbridgc. 

Baker, Thoma* H., Esq., Oalells, Cobham. 

Baldwin, Eev. F. St. Lager, m.a., Bearsted Vicarage. 

Ball, Mr. John Howell. Slrood. 

BalHton, W., Esq., Springfield, Maidfl/ine. 

BarUng, Mr., Maidntune. 

Barrow, Franois, Esq., 1, Famp Court, Temple, B.C. 

Barry. John Milner, Esq., k.d., Tanbridge Wellt. 

BuTcrslock, James Hinton, Enq., Fant Fieldt, Maidtlone. 

Beale, Bov. S. 0. Treue. h.a.. "Rnterden. 

Beiale, William, Enq., Maidelone. 

Beattie, Aleiander. Esq.. M.D.. Sunbuiy Houie, Tanbridge Wells. 

Beckwith, WiUinra, Esq., Seacox Heath, Flimii-ell. S."wj'. 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 



SIX 



I 



Beechiag. S., Esq., Tiinhrulffe WflU. 

Beeching, T., jon., Esq., Timiriiise Wtlt*. 

Bd field. Captain, Etulry Bouie, Saniwiek. 

BeU, Ur, James. Cranbrook. 

Bell, Matthew, Esq., P.O.3.. Bourne Park, Canterhiiry. 

Bennett, Bcv. Henry, B.i.. Ci-anhroolc. 

Bcnnoeh, Fmnoia, Esq.. r.a.A., ZXe Knoll, Slackheath, s.b. 

Benetcd, William Harding, Esq.. Ijjaanodon Quaivy, Maidttonr. 

Berens, Henry Hnlac, Esq., Sideup, FooUcrng, U.K. 

Berens, Bichard Beauvoir, Esq., Keviiigton, SI. Mary'a Cray, s.b 

Berene, Mra., ditto. 

Bertie. The Hon. and Eer. Frederick, Alhury, WheatUy, Oxon. 

Belts, Edward Ladd, Esq., High Sberiff, Pre>ton Hall. 

Bettfl, Mrs., ditto. 

Dbhop, "William Henry, Esq., 2, Woudville, Oravetead. 

Blaekett, Walter. Esq., Taftl. Maidttone. 

Bland. Eov. Itliles, d.d., r.B.s.. f.s.a., Prebendary of WoIIb, 5, Roval 

Creicmt, Bamtgale. 
Bland, Williani, Esq., Hartlip Plaee, Bittingboume. 
Blandford. Henry. Esq., Maidttone. 
Blencowc, Eobert, Esq., M.i., Tke Hook. Lewes. 
Bligh, The Lady Isabel, Botkerfield Beetory. 
Board, John. Esq., Wttlerkam. Edenbridge. 
Boeeawen, The Hon. Mm., Oak Bask. Saienoakf. 
Botcler. William, Eaq.. Eiutry. 
Bottle. Mr, Alciander, Docer. 
Boys, J. Harvey. Enq., M^irgatr 

Bcjs, &JV, Thomas, 4, Anhli?^ Cfrirtnt. Bhrphcrdrtt Walk, iMtulua. N. 
p •fcihaaon, E*v. W. J. M'-'J-o, mi., Hnrratt, li'ickmaiuiBorth. 
B»*d«tMet, EflV. WiUiarn, h^rr llarin*. CanlnrUiy. 
Budrtreot. Mr.,, ditto. 

Brecknock, Tho Karl of, WitdtmMf Park. Smmioak*. 
Branehley, T. Harman, Kwj.. Fri/mAw// Jlnll, OraeeM^d. 
Brent, AJgeruou, K*]^ 7, AUirrt Street, Olowvtttr OaU, Begmt'i Park. 

London, K.w. 
Brent, Cecil, Hhq., 7. AlhfH SItmI. GlouctiUr Oalo, Eegtitfa Park. 
London, m.w. 

"„ Sir Brook W., Bort,. tt.r., Ooodnrttoac Park. 
Irine. Me. Jamca, 10, Week Strml, Maidstone. 

dunan, Col. George, East Kent Militia, Canterbury. 
okinan. R*v. Tolloo, k,a., Ikitehboroxtgh. H^lhe. 
[Brown, William. Esq., Wattringhtiry Place. 

iPftTiCo, John, Esq., Vieo-Frt'»idontof the Soeiety of Antiqunrips, 5, Ffjirr 
1 Oiourrtfrr Street, Dortet Hjuare. TA»ido». K-W, 

Bn"»nt. Hcv. George. «.*„ SA«t».«. 
Bwlrapr, Martin. E.q., Maid^to^. 

^y. The Venerablu Charles Pair. d.i>„ f.b.s., f.s.A.. ,Vrplideacoa of 
Icbestw, Beelory Haute, fflekiam Bn-hopn, Witham. £»tej: 
. llev. Edward Kaye Thurnham Viearagr. Maidttonc. 

b 2 



KEST ABCRJH)LOGI€AL SOCtETT. 



Bnmsidr, Ber. A^ flfanife, Fandmykam. 

Batter. 'Rer. D.. 11.A-, A. TXeBOf ZTiff. Camttriarf. 

Bnttaailuir, Ber. FrwoM, a^. M^dtUtm. 

Buitonihair, B«t. Jofan, Eatirg. 

Buttnnronli, J. W.. Ei^, r J.I., C>;wrn>«t^.s,MJ7,nM«Sb«rf.Lc. 

ByaM, B. B., Eiq., AVri/J Por-K TV^irMC^ ffU/t. 

Byng. The HonoonbLe JaiMs. ArpAoanM^ 

CsmdcD. Tbe Man|iie«*. K.a.. ITiUfniirwo Pia-h, Ser*mntka. 
CaiDpLOQ, WJItam, Gh]^ Dmif, Smrmlperpoiui, Sm^ex, 
CaaierhaTj, Hii Gnce Ui« AicfabtftiOp of^ D^., r.B^ r.s^^ Lamirtk 
Palace, a. 

Calor, UAJor-GeoenI, B.^., S, fHfsB P^orr. Btlpvn JifBsnr, fl.ir. 

Cator, Lieut .-Colonel, Piekkitrtt, SrvmUy, •.■. 

Cator, Peter, £*q., Beckenka», a.K. 

Cecil. JoMph. Eiq., 16, &. f i^b'< P^iuv. l/mJon. K.e. 

Ch^nutn, Junes, Esq.. PauCt Cray BtU, B.K- 

CbeMh]rre, Her. W. J., ir.A^ Canon of Csnterbnir, SMrt^a Cemrt, Cm- 

Child, Coles, Esq.. Bromlfy, s.s. 

CLiver*, Mr, H., Poiaoe S/nwrf. CanUrhurj. 

Gabon, John Knion, Esq.. F.o.a., 21. Gf . Oeoryf SirnKf, WuhmMUr, a.v. 

Clark, Thomas, Esq., Famcomh, Gnilalming. 

Clarke. Ber. James S., H.i., BlaciAeafk, b.b. 

CUrko. Joseph, Esq., r.8.1.. Diocesan Afchilcct, 13, Str^ard Pi»tm, 

London, w. 
Clayton, W.. Esq., Toich Wall Street, Doeer. 
Clinbrcl. Mr. James, ifaidtlone. 
CoMtes, Her. R, P., m.j., Preeinel*, Bockenttr. 
Cobb, ReT. Benjamin, U.a-, Pirarajt, LyJd. 
Cobb. Ber. Robert. M.i.. Delliag riearagf. 
Cole, Gdorce Caltcrlo;. Em].. Snenoakt. 
ColqtiLoun, Ji)hn Cam])bell. £*q.. Ckartwell, Wetferkam. 
Coole. William, Esq.. RoyJon Ball. Tu^bridge. 
Coo|[«. Sfr. C. J., Maidttone. 

Cooki'. Ownw Nelhwcoot, Esq,. The Crt^. Detling. 
Cmncr, G. B-. Esq.. f.s,^.. 73^ Paragon, Hea Keal Snad, Landoti, *.K. 
■Comtliwiite, Th« Rcr. Tullie, The Forett, Wallkamtlva. B. 
Cottcm. H. P.. Esq.. Qaex Park. I»U ofTkand. 
Coimho[M>, G(y>r([P, K»q., mUigi. Bunt Grtva. 
Cm. Caplnin C. I., .j.n,. Forda^ek. 

CmJjbn. Mrn., 33. ArrnvM T'-rrace, lAvtrpoot Mood, Bolloaa;/, n. 
t^Bswortli, The XiottX, Jtolteood, Ilmmlty, s.B- 
CroA, tlir Vnuvnbli^ Jftinrs. Arrluleacon i>T CanUrburf, Sallvo-'d, 

Bjtke. and Prerim-ti. OtMrrhurt/. 
CroAoiu .KaiXmnj, E«].. 8l. Lani-imee. Bam*gaU. 
Cmsbf , Jatans. tiq.. r.«.*., Adelpki Trrrnre. Condon. W.c. 
Cffiw, Bdward, E4q., Broad SIrrrI, Farertian. 



LIST OF MEJIBERS. 



I 



I 
I 



Cruttenilen. Mr,, noDorary Photojp'aphcr, Week Street, Maidstone. 
•Cubitt, Gaorge. Esq., Dtnlilci, Dort!«/f. 
Curtoe, T. W.. Eaq., CkarUon Pari; Canterbury. 

Dale, B«v. C, Eingwonld, Deal. 

Dnlison. M. D. D.. Esq., Hamptoni. 

D&lison, Cliarles, Esq., Hampton*. 

Darnley, The Earl of. Cohham Hall, Gravesend. 

D&rtiaouth, The Earl of, 40, Oroavenor Square, W. 

Dtwhwood, Francis, Esq., Halleot, Bcclty, s.e. 

Day. T. H., Esq., .FHnrftfiujy, Rockeal-er. 

De BoinTUle, Aleiander, Esq., Wctlhuruagh Hoare, Maidttaae. 

Deedes, Williatn, Esq., H.P.. Sandling Park, Hi/lAe. 

De L'lale and Dudley. The Lord, Fexshurit. 

Delmar, "William, Esq., Caaterburg. 

Denne, Denne, Esq., EJhridge, Canterbury. 

Denne, Mrs. Denae, ditto. 

Deune, Henry, Esq., Canterbury. 

Dennett, Mr. J. T., Cranlrook. 

Bering, Sit E. C, £art., Surrenden Dering, Athfitrd. 

Dering. George, Esq., Barham Court. 

De Wilde, George Jfttnes, Esq., Northampton. 

Diamond, Hugh Welsh, Esq., k.d., f.s.i., Honoraiy Photograpliej 

Tioickenhani House, Tmickenham. 
•Digby, Kcnelm, Esq., Shtf/ieabury House, Kennngion, W. 
Digby, Richard Wingfield, Esq., CtileMll, Waruiickshtre. 
Dobell. Mr. WiUiam, Wat Mailing. 
'DoiigloB, James Stoddort, Esq., CMlilon Park. 
•Drake, Kef. B., Slourmoafh Beetory, Wingham. 
Drnry. Mr. J. G., St. George's, Canterbury. 
Duillow, J. N., Esq., West Mailing. 
Dunkin, A. J., Esq., Darlford. 
Dunliill, C. H., Esq.. M.D., Cranbrook. 
Dyku, Sir EerOMftI Hart, Bart., LulHngtlone Castlt. 

Eaniley, E. G. CnllinK, Esq.. f.b.o.s.. Hon. k.b.i.d.a., Belniderc, Erttii 

i.»., ttnd Bedaell Park, Hatfield. Hvrts. 
Eden, Rev. Arthur. Ticehyrsi. Hurst Green, Sussex. 
Edge, Rer. John, Vicarage, Benendcn. 

lEnlmeades. Hey. William Henry, yurttead Court, Oraoetend. 
Elliott, James, Esq., Nev> Hall, J>ymchurck. 
Ellifl, Charles. Esq., Ulcombe Place. 
Ellis, Mrs., dilfj). 
Elated, W. Philpot, Esq., Dover. 

Elwes, Valentine D. H. Gary, Esq., TongstBood, HanekKurst . 
El«rin. J. W., Esq., Terenure. Dublin. 
Elyard, 5. Herbert, Esq., Upper Tixtting, Surrvy, 8. 
"■*■ pinasse, James. Esq., Recorder of Rochester, and one of the Judges o 

the County Coiirt of Kent, Borley Lodge. 



KENT AHCHJBOtOOICAL SOCIKIY. 



EmcU, George, Esq., Pr«einrU, Roekeiter. 
Evelergh, Kev. Junes, M.i., Aikkam, Darer. 
Erereet, Hemj, Ewj.. 'Rmple, SIrood. 

Ewart, Major C. B.. B.B., iZyf^lf Barrifi.: and Army a»d Nai-y Clnl, 
Pall Mall. ^.w. 

Faf!ge, Chsries, Esq., Hifllie. 
•FalmoQth, The ViBcount, Mereiportk CtutU. 
•Falmouth, The VucoonteM (Btirone«8 I^e Dcuppncer), ditto. 
Famaby, The Her. Sir Charles, Bart.. Ulckham Omrf. Bromlry, e.S. 
Farrar, Henry JeSreys, Eaq., Cranbroot. 

Faosaett, Thomas Godfrey, Esq.. r.s.t.. Fellow of Cor]ius Ciiriuli CViHcgv, 
Oiford, C.C.C, 0.^ord,andie, Soafk AitJlfy S*r«>(, OrumemirSquarv. 
FBnch, Eev. B. D., M.i., Hector of St, Paul's, Deptford. b.i. 
Field, Goorge, Esq., Aikartt Park. Tanl.ridgt WtlU. 
Field. John, Esq., Domd^, Ttm/iridge WelU. 
Filmer, Sir Edmund, Bart., Eatt Sulltm Place. 
Findi, The Honourable Daniel, PreciticU, Canttrhnry. 
Finch, Lieutenant -General The Honcmmbk John. Brrkkamptlead, IferU. 
Finnis, St«riker, E«q., Ti« Mnu. Dormr. 
Fisher, Cathbert J., Esq., Huatly. Tnnhridye WtlU. 

Flaherty, W, E., Esq.. 4, Manor nU<u. Manor Boad, &11M ifurihwy, K.K. 
Fletcher, J. F., Esq., 8t. Margaret'i lllU. Bochetirr. 
Fletcher, Lieuteoant-Coloucl. KrntKard, Yiilding. 
FoM, Edward, Esq., v.ta., Churckill Houte, Dorer. 
F088, Mrs., ditto. 

Foster, Samuel. Esq.. Souik End Hail. Sydenham. s.B. 
1 For, John, Esq., 3, Cunttilaii'in Cretecitt. Grareneail. 
' Fm. Mrs., ditlo. 
Vox. Boliert, Esq., Faleonkunt, Cmeden. 

FraBer.Rev. Robert, H.i., Cheriloa Brctoty. Mgthe. 

Frend, Edwin, Esq., I, JJnVi- Court, 3Vn.p/c. «,c. 

Frend, Mr. G. B., St. Georgr't. Carderlmiy. 

Fry, Frederick, Esq., Maidttont. 

Frj". Miss, Plaihet. Eurr. U. 

Furley, Ednard, Esq., Wat Mailing. 

Furley, Gwrgc, Esq., CaaUrhury. 

Furley, Kobert, Esq., Aiikf„rd. 

Foriey, William Henry. E*].. The Paddoet. Qtnlj^rbwry. 

Gnlc, R«T. T. H., Oodmrnkam. 

Geary, Lady, nxfni'jatk. 

GrT»ud, Fraueia, Esq., Prmtun Sfretf. Fareriham. 

Gvniad, F. P., Esq,. FaBcriham. 

Oibl«, Edwin Matkio. lUq.. aarf«.l.jn G^ll^gr, On.-**™*. 

C Gibb». WiUinm, Esq.. E^t Si<---r. Favtr.kAm. 
B'*Oidl<y, GiutaTDK, E>r|., ii.ii.. SaaJjale. 
^ Gilder. Ect. Horair, St. P'trr- Rnt.^f, &,uJ«^k. 
Giuler, Mr. Apidryan], Cnn'ir^ry. 



LIST OP MK5IBERS. XXUl 

GlasROw, Thp Bight Rev. The Lord Biabop of, Tanbi-tdge Wi-IU. 

Godefroy, John, Esq., 6, EUianor Boad, Richmond Road, Uiickney. n.e. 

Godfrey, John, Esq., Brook Houte, Ath, 'Sandwich. 

GoldBioUh, Edward, Eaq„ Sighwm, Gravetead. 

Gore, Mr. George, jun., Barnlty Road, OfaveteHd. 

Gould, H. M., Esq., Wateringlnciy. 

Gower, W. Leveaon, Esq., TiVjny Plate, Surrey. 

Graham. Allen, 'Esq., 76, Wetlb'ourne Terrace, Hyde Park, w. 

Grant, Col. E. F., b.a., SoufAcTirf, Mtham, 8.B. 

Grooves, Samuel, Esq., Sigh Street, Canlerbvry. 

Green, Kcr. William, m.*., Peiuthumt Rectory, 

Green, Mr. James, SI. Margaret'* Street, Canterhury. 

Gregory. J. S.. Esq., ahoreham. 

GrimEddi, SUccy. Emi-. F.a.i.. Mahe Hilh Greeaioich Park, 9.B, 

HoUet, Bev. James Hughes. Pelham, Cantfrbury. 

Hammond, Col., Zaaritfon, Dover. 

Hammond, Williiun Osmond, Esq., St. AUtan's Court, Wingham. 

Hammond, Wmiam Oipnden, Esq., St. Alhana Co«rt. Wingham. 

Hannam, George Emilius, Esq., Bram»ton Soute, Ramsgalr. 

Harbin, E«v. Charles. Tetton Reetory, MaiditoM. 

Hordinge, Visirount, Suuth Park, Penihvrtt. 

Hardy, Gathorne, Esq., M.P., Hemtted, Cranbrook. 

Harris, Colonel Sir Noel, Vpdoicu, Sandwich. 

Harria, TUomas Noel, Esq., JUden, Cantrrbury. 

Harrison, The Venerable Benjamin, u.a., f.s.a., Archdeacon of MaiiUlone, 

and Canon of Canterbury, Precincif, Canterbury. 
Harrison, Rev. Henry, £ilii Down, Goudhurtt. 
HarriaoD, Kev. J. B., Walmer Rectory, Deal. 
Harrison, Eev. Thomas, M.i., Rectory, Newchurch, New Romney. 
Hart. William Henry, Esq., f.b.a., FoJkeetonc Bouse, Roupell Park, 

Streatham Jlill, Surrey, §. 
Hatch. Benjamin, Esq., TeH/erden. 
Havers, AitLur, Esq., TcHferden. 
Hawkins, Her. E., d.d., Cauon of Kooheatcr, and Provost of Oriel College, 

Oxford, 2»P rinei. Rorhnter. 
Hairley, Sir Joseph Henry, Bart., Leybt/o-rne Grange, Mailing. 
Haynes, Mr. William, Mmiltlone. 
Hayward. John, Esq., Sutloa Rectory, Darffonl. 
Hayvford. William Webb, Esq., The Gleanings. Rochester. 
Hildor, Edward Augustus, Esq,, Coroner of Gravesend, Gravesend. 
Hillier. Frederick, Esq., Park Place, Sydenham, s.e. 
Hilton, 8. Musgrave, Esq., Rramliiig, Mlngham. 
Hilton, Captain Thomas, Naekington, Canterbury. 
HodsoU, J. H.. Esq., iMOic Court, Btaplchnrat. 
Holmes. Rev. W. R.. Tunbridge Well*. 
Holttnm, Edward, Esq., Canterbnry. 
Hooper, William Edward Parry, Esq., Crestwell Park. Illackhtath. s.a. 



Hooper, Rev. J., 



, Mcuphar, 



•, Graven-iid. 



XXIV 



KENT ARgiL«<)L«GlCAl, HUCIETV. 



tlopB,A-3t^TaetB.J^eT0l^i:mi.E»ll.,lt.p.,t.9.^^ed3Tbury Piirt.lffuUiMl 

Tlope, Tite Lady Mildrsti, Bfdgtbuiy Par&fOtmdhurH. 

Htime. R^v. W.. M,*,. Baminn Brclory. Muiditontr 

Hoskina, fiev, W. V... Jtrcloiy. Chiddingitonc. Edrnhridge. 

Itoward, Jogqjli I., Esq.. ll.b., v.s.*., Zse Road, Blachheath, « 

Htigcwea, Edward Kimt^Lbull. E8ii„lt.P.. ZV Pnuii&vjt, SmeefA. A>H/ 

Httghee, £Jward, Eiiq.. 5in«-fA 2fi7/ JTou^e. Aili/bnl. 

IIugLcfl, Henry, Esq., Dradhourn, S«reiu/atf. 

Himipliery, Johii, Esq,, AVm Homing. 

Iliissoy, Ha*. Arthur, SnltiHgdeait, Srighton. 

HuHBCy, Edward, Esq., Sootnry Castlv, Lambrrhurtt. 

liiiNBcy, EdiTsrd, Esq., i'.B.c.B.,Snrgi'cmlo tbcRAilcdifiuInJimuiry, Ox/i^ 

HufRcy. Henry Law, Eiq^ 10, A'fuo Square, Lincoln'! Ian, w.c. 

iriW8i-y. Ritharf. Esq,, p.8,1., 1«, King William Slretl. Strand, w.c. 

Huxley. J. E,, Esq., DenonMMire Collage. Tuabridge Weill. 

fliunes, R., E«q., Qrctmmei, a.E. 

Janiea, Sir Walter, Sort., Betuhanger, Sandideh. 

Jsy, J- LivingglODe, Esq., Oreeitmich Hotpilal. 

Ji'mmutt, George Elwick. Esq.. At^ord. 

JptikiiiB. Rev. Robert C, Lyminge RccUirg, Hgtke. 

Johnstono. Hon. H. Butlor, M.P.. 21, Part Slrert, OriHoeiuir JS^im 

•Tones, KeT. Edward, Wm( Peekham Viearage. 

Jouet. Mis8. Sayle Place. 

Joyce, Rer, William Hetiry, Vicar of Dorking. Sarrejh 

Judkiua, Benjamin, Esq., Iholry Street, Soutkwark, b.b. 

Kttdwell, Mr. Charles, 15. Bogal drent Sfrcft. Gn-rninci. sn. 
Koddell, J. S,. Esq., ShtfrntM. 
Keith, R«v, William A., Burham, Sovhrtlrr. 
JCclcey, Stephen, Esq.. Slone Hall, Canltrhaty. 
Kenrick, Miss Elizabi'tli. Stone Ilutue, Canterliurif. 
Kenriuk, Joliu 13rydf^<s, Esq,, Eaitry. 
Kibble, TlioinoB, Esq., Orcen Trcer, Tunbridge. 
King, Oarid, Esq.. x.v., Elikam. s.e. 
K.King, General, Hgthe. 
King. Know lea, Esq., Maidttont. 
King. Mr. T. 8., Borio-ier. 
King. The VenorabJe Walker, u.i., Artrhdeacou auil Cuiiou of Uucbi-iUT, 

Sffmf Rfctori). Dartford. and Tht F7n«, Bochetlir. 
Kiii(p»fortl, l!cv, J!., v *., Biihojmhoitrnt. 
KiagsforU. Hfnry, Eh<]., Littlebotirne. 
Kingiford, Monlngiip. E8<i., Ji^rJ. 
Kirkpalrick. Jolin, Ksq.. ffitrfun Punt, Ss/Ae. 
Knatfbbull, Sir Norton J., Bart.. p.B.A., Mer»ham Uatck, AtkfoM. 
Kuatfhbull, Lady, ditln. 

Knalibbull. B*v. Wyudham, n,D., Smeetk Rectory, Aaijbrd. 
KtKicker, Rdward. Ew|.. C.utlc mil, Dovdt. 

nx. R^T. J,, Chnplnin t» iLo Hon. Artillvr^ CoDi[)auy. Greenwich, h.k. 



SIST OF MEMBBgS. * 

mbsrde, Waiiam, Esq., SeKhmonf. Sevifnoaki. 

Larking, JtAn Wingfield. Ewj., At&eateam Club, Pall Mall, s. 

Larking, Miss Juliana, Keadington, Ojford. 

Lurking, Hi'v. Lambert E., m.a.. Ryarsh Vuiarage, Mailing, Maidntone. 

Larking, Mrs. Lambert, ditto. ' 

Latham, Haw Joho, u.a., Bast MaU'^S- 

Latter. Eobert Booth. Bsq.. JPixfitld, Bromley. fl.H. 

Lw, Bev. Edward Henry, B.i.. Curat© of Cliffe, Cliffe Parsonage, SucAcif^. 

Lcea, EoT. William, Tuahridge W»IU. ' 

Leggat, Kichard, Eaq., Eajslry. 

Leith, A. M., Esq., Tolkulonc. 

Locb^e, Alfred, m.d., Canterbai-y. 

•Lwock, Sir Charloi, Uiirt., ffolmwood, SpeldAuril. 

LondeBborough, The Lord, e.c.h., f.b.s., f.b.i., Grimaton, Tadcaster. 

•Long, Lieutenant- Colonel, Bromlej/ Sill, 8.B. 

•Loundes, G. Alan, Esq., Gladipyna, Uarloir, Egsex. 

Lower, Mark-Antony, Esq., St. Aiine», Lewee. 

Luard: Major, The Moh. Ighlkam. 

•Lubbock, Sir J. W., Bart., f.b.b., Migh Elms. Famborough. 

•Lubbock, John, Esq., Sigh Elms, Farnborough. 

Lucas, S. Lancaster, Esq., Wateringhary. 

Lumsdaine, Rer. Francia Gordon Sandys, Upper Hardrcn Rec/ort/, C< 

Lutwidge, C. E. F., Esq., 22, Caherlrg Park, Tnnbridge WUU. 
Lyall, Hev. Alfred, Sarblcdotvn. 

Mai?kamcde, Rev. Henry, Ash Vicarage, Sandaich. 

Mackay, T. H., Esq., Pethaai Souse, Canterhurg. 

MaekeBon, H. B., Esq., p.o.s., Sglhe. 

Mackinnou, W. A., Esq., u.p., u.i., f.S.b., p.n.s,, Belvidere, Broadt/uirti 

Mac Lachlan, Bev. E. H., M.i., SVt/t/j, Tuniridge. 

•Malcolm, John, Esq., Lamorby. 

Mansel, Lady, Wrotham Bealh, Seeenoaks. 

■Marriott, Itev. W. M. Smith. M-i., Sorivtoiiden Bectoiy. 

Marah, ReT. E. G., M.i., Canon of Sonthwell, Vicar of AylcBford, Aghtfoi-d 

Yicarage. 
Marsh, Mr. John, Maidstone. 
Mnreh. Richard, Esq., Sandicieh. 
Marsham, Rev. J. Jacob, m.a.. Shorae fitarage. 
Murshom, Admiral Joues, Loots. 

Martin, Cluu-les Wykoham, Esq., sf .p., E.a.A., Leeds Cu»tlc. 
Martin, George "Whiti', Eeq., St. Margaret's Bant. Rockealar. 
Martin, Rev. Richard Wykebam, m.*., Elsjield Lodge, LeeiU. 
Matters, Algernon. Esq., Tunbridge. 
MnsttTS. Mr. Frank. Sigh Street, Canterbttrg. 

Maaters, William, Esq., Alderman of Canterbury, Sigh Street, Canterh. 
Meade, Mr. George, jun., Canterbury. 
Mercer. Charles, Esq., Maidshme. 

or. lEichar<i. Esq.. Mnidttvae. 



\ 



KEST ARCILEOLOOICAL SOCIETT. 



Uercer, Samnel, Esq.. Maidfione. 

Mctbam, Hct. Arthur B., b.d., Woollan Seetun/. Oinfrrtmrg. 

Maiigun, Hev. H. M., n.i.. Siii(o» Vahnci: 

Minct, Ch&rira W.. Esq.. Boier. 

Moackton, John, Eaq., MakUtone. 

Sloacliton, 8., Esq., m.d., BresehU}/. 

Moaro, Major, 2licer Hoime, £<ut Sullon. 

Moor, Bev. A. P., u.a., m.b.a.s., f.b.o.s , Sub-Wsrdoii of St. Auh-iwlin^'ii 

College, CaHterlui-g. 
•Moore, Rev. Edwiird, m.a., FrittenJea Hovtf. 
Moore, Ecv, Edward, Boughtoa Malherbc. 

•Mooru, B«v. George B., M.*., Tunttall Beetory, Siltingbournc. 
•Moore, Henry T., Esq., Saaliboroi^k, Tunhridge Welh. 
Moore, John A., Esq,, Woodliatdi Terraai, Btarkkt-ath, B.a. 
Moore, Waiiam, Esq.. Wlrrton, StapUhurit. 

Moreland, William Courtney, Esq., 2l« Court Lmlffe, LamberiurKl. 
Morley, William Hook, Esq., 35, 8t. Mhkcu^l'a Pt^ux. Brampton, b.w. 
Moatyn. The HonourQble Thomiu E. Lloyd, m.f., Oloddaeli, Meriunclk- 

Mosfyn, The Lady Augusta, ditto. 

Mudford, Mr. Frederick, St. Oeorgc's, Canterbury. 

Mummery, J. R., E*q., F.L.s,, 38, Mortimer Street, Cavcndiih Sjuurr, w. 

Munn, Joseph, Esq., Tenlerden.. 

•Munn, William Augustus, Esq., Tkrowley Bouse, Favertham. 

Murton, WiUiam, Esq., Titaatall, Bittinghmtme. 

Naros, Bot. Edward Robert, m.a„ Band DcfUi, Wltterxham Bratoiy. 

Tfoamytb, James, Esq., Pemiunt. 

Nasmyth, Mrs., Pemshurit. 

•Neame, Frederick, Esq., Maekaade, Favertham. 

Neve, W. T., Esq., Cranbrook. 

Nevill, Tho Viscount, Hope Hall, Tadcatier. 

Ncvill, Tho Lady Coroliae, Birliag Manor, Mallinif. 

Nevill, The Honournble B«lph, ditto. 

•Nominn. Charles Loyd, Esq., Bromley, s.e. 

•Nommn, George Warde, Esq., Bromley, h.b. 

•Norman, Henry, Esq., F.s.i.. Oakley, Bromley. S.B. 

Norwood, Edward, Esq., Charing. 



Oakley. Ikv. John. 60, Dowghty St.. Meck/mburgh S,;««/t, l;mlu.,. w.i 
Oakli'y, William, Esq.. ditto, w.c. 
Odcll, Cliarle*, Esq., Bl^rkArath, s.B. 
'.Onslow, Bev. Middleton. ».x., Rwol Dean. EitC Peckham Viea.-a 
TVnbridge. 
Orger. Rev. E. R., St. Aaguttine'a College. Cunlerbary. 
Osmolherly. Mr. Jolin. Cliffe. 
•Ouvry. Fnslerie, Emi,. Treasurer of the Society of Anliquarios, k.B.s. 

te.. 29. Fpprr Gvinv Street, London. yi.»:. 

!v. Ashton, W.*,. Pluckhjf keetary, Athfurd. 



LIST OF MEMBERS. 



Oxeoden. E«v. Charles, m.a., Barkam BecCorjf, Canterbury. 

PspilloD. Philip, Esq.. Crotchurst, Batiie. 

PapUlon, Thomas, Esq., Crowiuril, Battle. 

Pftrker, Kev. Charles, Vicarage, Bodiam, Hurst Green, Sasiejr. 

Parkin, Bef. CliarleH, m.a., Vlcaraga, Leaham. 

Pearson, ]t«r. G. C, ii.>., Hopebt/arae, Canterhnry. 

PewBon, E«v. William, Thaaington, Canterbuiy. 

•Perkins, Frcderiok, Esq., F.s.a,, z.L.S., f.g.s.. Ckipttead I'taee, Sevenoaki. 

Petley, C, E. C, Esq., Rieerhead. Sevenoakt. 

Phillips, JameB, Jan., Esq., Byarik. 

Philpot, Mr., Tunbridge Weill. 

Pickering, Mrs., Addiagton Vale, Mailing. 

PlooJej, Francis, Esq., m.d., Maidstone. 

Plommer, Stephen, Esq., Caalerbary. 

Pool, Mr. William, 49, High Street, Canterbury. 

Pope, BcT. W. L., Tunbridge WelU. 

Post«, Eev. Beaio, m.a., Bydeai Sonne, Mnidntoue. 

PoU, Arthar, Esq.. Bentham SiU, Xunbridge WelL. 

Font, Aoguatns, Esq., Yalding. 

Powell, Charles, Esq., Speldhurit. 

•Poyndcr, Thomas Hunry Allen, Esq.. Cornham Court, WilU. 

•Poyndcr, Mrs., ditto. 

Pratt. Eev. Jermyn, Campiea Ashe, Woodhridge. 

Pratt, The Ludy Caroline, Wildemeitc Park, Seten^akt. 

Pratt, The Lady Frances, Wildemeise Park, Sevcaoakt. 

Pretty, Edward, Esq., Charlee Muieum, Maidstone. 

Prior. Mr. Alfred, White Heath. HolUngboume. 

Puckle, Rev. John, m.a.. Dover. 

Punnett, P. S. Esq., dart, SattoH. 

'Randall, Alewujder. Esq., Folei/ Houte, Maidflone. 
Eaehlcigh, Bev. George, m.a., Horton Kirbg, Darifnrd. 
Il«ader, Edward Francis Stratton, Esq., Sandmcli. 
R*id, James, Esq., 8t. George'e, Canterbury. 
Bice. Edward. Esq., Dane Court, Sandieieh. 

Itiehardson, Edward, Esq., Melbarg House, Hnrcicuod &iuiire, n.w. 
Hichardson, Mr. Henry Sanniel, Greeaaick, s.b, 
Bichardaon, Mr. J. M.. Tunbridge WelU. 
Bidden, Hev. J. C. B., Harrietnham Reclorg. 

Bidden, Sir W.B.,Bart.,ii.A.,Eecorder of Maidstone audTenterden.Mf 
ber of the Council of King's CollcRe, London, Palace, Maidstone. 
Hidgway, Joseph, Esq., Fairlaioa, Tuitlridge. 
Bidgway, Mn., dilfa. 

Bivers, Bev. H. T., b.a., St. Paul's. Chatham. 
Koberta, Tliomas Walton, BIsq., Glassenbury, Cranbroat. 
Uobertson, D. J., Enq., Bishop's Daiea Orove, Tanbrldgi- Wells. 
Bobortson, Bev, J. C. M.i., Beketbourn. Canterbury. 
Robins, Bev. Charles, Crurkliam Hill. EUenbridge. 



XXVIU KENT ARCILSOtOGICAL BOCIKTV. 

BobinB, Rev. Sanderaon, h.i., 8t. Peler'a Viearage, Thanet. 

B<jbiiiBon, Rev. T., d.d., Master of the Templo. &rid CiLDon nC IlooliMter. 

Boohester, The Lord Bishop of, Daainry Part, Eaier. 

•Bogera, Jolin, Esq., p.r.b., fiiWr Hit), Srvenoakt, 

Bolfe, W. H., Esq., Sandaich. 

Bosher, Cbarles, Esq., Soshareille, NortkJUet. 

Gouub. K«T. F., «.*.. PrecinrU, Canterbury. 

'Biusell, John, Esq., Nvk Somay. 

Rycroft, Nelflon, Esq., Evcrlaitd4, S^enoakn. 

Eje, W. B.. Esq., Assistant Keeper of the Printed Books, British Mutrum. 



Saint, Rev. J. J., H.i., Rural Dean, SpeldkwrH Hcctciy, Tunbridge WtlU. 
Saint, Miss. Groombridse Place. Tunbridge Wrl/i. 
•Salomons, Dflvid.Esq.. Aidorman of London, -Bi'('UMiriV/,2^»JWi/ir«)rr(/-». 
Saniey. H. T., Eaq., Canlerb«ry. 
Saakoy, Robert, Esq., Mayor of Canterbury. 
Saniey, W., Esq., Dover. 

SasB, H. W., Esq., 45. Connaugkt Tcrraee. JTyde Park. London, w. 
SaTHge, John, Esq., Si. Lcunard't. West Mailing. 
Savage, Mra., 5/. Leonardos, Went 'Mailing, 
Sarage, Captain, Ooddiagton Jloatf, Frindaburs- 
Savage, Mre., diilo. 

Scliroiber, John Charles, Esq., Woodehurch. 
Seoonos, Major, Tunbridge. 
Scolt, Major, u.p., Matdntone. 
Scott. Rev. F. T., Ticarage, Slbbet-trwold. 
Scott, John, Esq., Blackhfoth, s.B. 
Scmtton, John, Esq., l^terden. 

Scudsinore, Frank Ives, Esq., Maiie Hill, Greenmich, s.s. 
Sharknd, George Edward, Esq., Comtitution Cregivnl. Grapetcad. 
Shepherd, Rev. E. J., m.a., Troalog Reetory, MalUitg. 
Sheringhnm, Rev. J. W., Vicarage, Slrood. 
Sicard, Andrew, Esq., Bridge. 

Sikes, Bev. Thomas, U.a., Cheventng Seetory, Seveitoabi. 
Silver, Miss, De Creipigny Park Jload, CamberKell, b. 
Simmonds, Clifton, Esq., Brookland. 
Simmonda, Henry, Esq.. The Friars, Aylejfttrd. 
Skyring, Gcorife William. Esq., Somertci Soute, London, w.c. 
8brk, Captain William. iTwac Bay. 
BronllCelil, Mr,, 43, St. Paul'* Road. Camden Square, jt.w. 
Smith, Arthur. Esq., Tkv Shrubbery. Walmtr. 
Smith, Rev, B. F,. BuHhall. Tonbridge WelU. 

Smith, Charles Augustin. Esq., f,B,b.l., Groom's JtHl. Grmnvicli, «,E. 
- Smith, Mr. O, F., St. George'i, CanUrbvry. 
Smith. Rev. Unrry, Crvmlall Rertory. Canterbury. 
Smith, Herbert, Esq., 8, Staane Turrarr. Sluane Street. London, s.W. 
Smith. Mi™. St. Anbynt. T^nbridge WelU. 
Smith, Hot. Hiehard. b.d,, Neir Romney. 



I,IST OF MEMBERS. 



I 



Smith, Eobcrt S., Esq., Maieum qf Science and Art, Kenoingfoii, w. 

Smitb, WUUatn Maat^^rs, Esq., Corner, Graveufnd. 

Smythe, Mr. John, Maiihtone. 

SoamM, Itov. W. A., Vit-ar of Greenwicli. §.b, 

Sorsbie, Kev. Robert, m.a., Fellow of Durham UniTcreity. PreriacU, 

Soehetter. 
Sooth, John Flint, Esq., Bfachheath Pari: s.E. 
Bpnnell, Flaiman, Esq., f.h.c.8., Sexlry Heath. Kfiit. 
Stanhope, The Earl, d.c.i... P.B.a., FrcBidont of the Society of Antiqiiarirs, 

Trustee of the British Muaenm, Chevening Place, Sencnoakii. 
Stanton. Ltcutonant-Colonel, Barmintj House, Maidstone. 
Stopleton, The Hon. Eind Eev. Sir Frantis J., Bart., Mereworth Sccfoiy. 
Slarlbg. H. J., Eaq.. Tunbridge Welti. 
BtortJu, Mrs,, Hammeneood. East Griaalead. 
StoJman. Mr. R. B., Weit Mailing. 
Steele. Stephen. Esq., Slroad. 
Sterens, Tbe Very Hev, Eobert, d.d., Dean of Eoiibestcr, Deanriy, P-i- 

Btevena, Her. Henry, Watcriagburt/ Viearage. 

Stevena, If . E., Eflq,. Tunbridge WelU. 

Stewart, Alexander J. B., Esq., 13, Selgrave Square, X^ndoa, B.w. 

Stewart, The Lady Isabella, 13, Selgraue Square, London, b.w. 

Stewart, Capt. Thomaa Dilnot, Sani/irich. 

Stilwell. James. Esq., Botcr. 

Stirling, Sir Walt«r, Bart., p.b.s., Stirrs Wood. Tanhridje Wi-lls. 

Stone. Iter. Canon, Precincts. Canterbiirg. 

Stratford, John WingGeld, Esq.. Addiagton Place. Mailing. 

Stratlon, Eev. John Young, Itectorg, Diitou, Maidstone. 

Stratton, Kcv. Joshua, Precentor, Preciucft, Canterbury. 

Streatfeild, H. D., Esq., Chlddingttone, JSdenbridge. 

Stroatfeild, Mrs., Chart's Edge. Westerham. 

•Streatfeild, J.Fremlyn, Esq., 15, Upper Breok Street, Orosrenar Square, 

London, w. 
Stride, Lewis, Esq., Jiover. 
Strong, Mrs., Hayes. Kent. 
Sutton, Peter. Esq., West Mailing. 
Swann, F. D., Esq., Lee Priory. Caiifvrhurg. 
Sydney, The Viscount (Lord Lieutenant), Frognall. 

Talbot, John G., Eeq., New Falconhtirat, Edenbridge. 

Tarbalt, W.. Esq.. Cranbrook. 

Taascll, Thomas, Esq., Maidslmie. 

TaawoU, Mr , St. Martins. Canterbury. 

Taylor, John Edward. Eaq,. Wryhridge, Surrey. 

Taylor. R, C. Esq.. Boughlon PUtee. StapMnrtt. 

Terry. Jamea, Esq., 8, Woodlands 'Pcrraer, Blackhealh, n.v.. 

Tliomaa. Jesse. Ewj.. Socheslcr. 

Tlionias, It,, Eaq,, Eyhorne House. Hollingfiourne. 

Thompson, G. T-. Esq., Dnrer. 



4 



KKST ARCH.EIJLOGIfAI. SHCTETT. 



ThompaoQ, Bii>h&rd. Esq., Kenjieldt Canterbury. 

Thompson, Bobert, Esq., Werti^Aam, Edenhridge. 

ThomB, W. J., Esq., F.s.i., 40, St. George i Square. BflffT'irr R'-i 

Tlioniflon, H. C, Esq., M.D., Dover. 

ThoTOBon. Major, Updovme, Sandicich. 

Thorpe, Eev, John Frederick, Maidxtone. 

Thurston, Thomas, Esq., Ailffbrd. 

Tilleard, John, jun., Esq., Upper Tooting, e, 

Timiiis, Eev. J. H., Weit Mailing. 

Take, Uer. Niehoka, Godington, Aikford. 

Tomlin, F. A., Esq., Sandmch. 

Tooth, Kobort, Esq., 8w\fti, Oranhrook. 

Turner, Francis, Esq., 16, Qiteea Square. Westminster, a.w. 

•Twiflden, Thomaa, Esq., P.a.i., Bradboume Park, East Mailing. 

Twopeny, Rev. David, Stoclcbury. 

Twopeny, Edward, Esq., Woodstock Park, Sittinghoume. 

•Tysaen, John Bobert Daniel, Esq., f.s.a.,9, Lower Roek Qardca, Brighlui 

Umfroville, aamnel T., Eatj,, Ingress Park, Greenhithe. 
Utting, B. B., Esq., G, Cornwall Terrace, Camden 2bjPM. N.w. 

•Vallance, Eev. William, M.a., Southchareh Seelory, Enncr. 
Vincent, Eev, Hichard, k.a.. Woodlands Manor, Scveaoak: 

Waddingtfln, Eev. Herbert, B.i., Nenington, Ht/the. 

Walker, Henry Bachelor, Esq., Nea Romney. 

Walker, William Dering, Esq., Nete Somney. 

Wallace, Bev. George, Precitirts, Canterbury. 

Waller. Edmund, Esq., Farming/on Lodge, North Leaeh. Otuueette)-shir< 

Walmsley, Mr. Frodorick, Peiindea Meaih Boad, Maidstone. 

Walt«r. William, Esq., East Farleigh. 

Walter, William, Esq., Sainham. 

Warde, Charles, Esq., Squerryes Court, Westerham. 

Waire, J. A., Esq., M,p.. West Ctiffe, Ramsgate. 

•Way, Albert, Esq., Wonham Manor. Reigaie. 

Webster, Thomas, Esq., b.a., Cranbrook. 

Welldon, Bey. J., D.D., Tunbridge Sehool. 

Welldon, Eev. Edward I., M.a., Tunbridge. 

Whatman, James, Esq., U.F.. F.B.S., f .s.a., Vinter's, Maidtione. 

Wheelwright, J,, Esq., McopAam Cottrt, Ghareaeiid. 

Whidicord, John, Esq., Maidstone. 

WBite, E«v. John, St. Stephen's Vicarage. Canterbury. 

•White, Thomas, Esq., Wateringbwry. 

White, Mrs. Thomas. Wateringbury. 

Whitehead, John, Esq.. Barnjei, Maidstoue. 

Whitehead, Thomaa Miller. Esq.. 8. Duke Street, St. James's, Lon 

Whitelock. Eev. B., Oroomhridge. 

Whitmore, William, Esq., Beckenham, b.b. 

"^'ittaker, Charles Gustavns, Eaq., Barming. 



4 



1 



LIST I IF MEMBERS. 

Whittater, Charles Gnstavus, jun., Esq.. Coldrvm Luilye. A 

Mallinq. 
Whittle, Jo'lui, Esq.. Slar mil, Roclictter. 
Wioldiam, George, Esq., Mniditone. 

Wigan. K«v. Alfifed. M.i., Laddetdotcn Brcloiy, Grareseml. 
■Wignn, Frederick, Esq., Hibemia Chambers, London Bridffe, s, 
Wigan, J. A., Esq,, Clare Souse, Eait Mailing. 
Wigan, Mrs., diito. 

Wigan, James, Esq., Morllakc, Surrey, s.w. 
Wigan, L. D., Esq., Sock Souse, Mai.htoKf. 
Wigan, Ktv. Septimus, Sover. 
Wigan. Epv. W, L., m.a.. East MalUnff. 
Wightwitk. T. N., Esq., Canterbury. 
Wild. TLomns M., Eaq., Branbridgen, Eaut PeeHam. 
Wildes, Henry Dudlow, Esq., Weit Mailing. 
Wdliiison, Cliarlee, Esq., Sandfield. TuKhriilse V/^llf. 
•Willement, Thomas, Esq., f.s.a., Davinglon Priory, Favitrtkai, 
Williams, Charles, Esq., Cranbraok Lodge. 
•Wilson. Cornelius Lea, Esq., Becl-cnham, s.b, 
Wilson, J. E., Esq., Oraulrooi: 

•Wilsoo, Samuel, Esq., Alderman of London. Berkenham, s.b, 
•Wilson, Sir Thomas Marj-on, Bart., Charlton Soute, s.b. 
Wlnth, Hichard, Esq., BocAetfer. 
Winham, Rev. Daniel. Tunbridge Weill. 
Wodehouse, Bev. Walker, Elham Vicarage, Citnlcrhury. 
Wood, Mr. George, Sigh Slreel, CanferbuTy. 
•Wood, Western, Esq., North Cray Place, b.e. 
Woodall, Eey. E. H., St. Margaret's. Canterbury. 
Woodfall, J. W., Eaq., m,d., Maiditone. 

Woodruff, Eev. John, m.a., Upchurch Vicarage, Siltingbovrne. 
Wrcneh. Eev. Frederick, M.i., Stmi^ting Rectory. 

•Toung, Jolin, Esq.. y.s.a., Vanbrvgh Fields, Blackhealh, s.b. 



•,• Should «ny error* or omissiotis of hononuy diBtinrtione, cUt., bo found ii 
thb list, it is requMlcd that noUce Uicreof may bo giren Ut the SeorHarj. 



Ik . 



XXXU KENT ARCfl^OLOGICAL SOCIETY: 



«♦ 



MEMBERS ELECTED, 
1859. 



Ash, Eev. Janrifl Holland, d.c.l., Calverley Park, Tanhridge Wells. 

Filmer, The Dowager Lady, Eaton Square, s.w. 

Grolding, Mr. dharles, Paddington, w. 

Hallowes, Thomas, Esq., Twnhridge. 

Fhilpott, John, Esq., West Farleigh, 

Pollard, James P., Esq., 61, Upper John Street, Fitzroy Square, w. ' 

Bossell, Bey. John Fuller, b.c.l., f.b.a., Sreenhithe. 

Sandilands, Edwin Vincent, Esq., Hythe. 
Selwyn, Eev. E. J., Lee Park, Lee, s.e. 

Temple, Eev. W., Bector of St. Alphege, Canterbury,* JEastbridge Hog- 
pital, Canterbury, 

Wilkinson, T. Eachui, Esq., Sydenham, s.B. 






licnt ^rt|irfllflgic!il ^ucictg. 



To the Members of the Kent Archreological Society, the 
liistoiy of its origin and early progress must necessarily 
be a subject of interest. We cannot, therefore, com- 
mence our first Volume better than by recording, step 
by step, the annals of the Association, from the day 
when its first promoters assembled at Mereworth, until 
its organization was completed at the Inaugui-al Meet- 
ing of April last. 

On the 19th of September, 1857, the Viscount and 
Viacountesa Falmouth imited a few friends to Mere- 
worth Castle, for tho purpose of laying the foundation 
of an Archaeological Society for the county of Kent. 

That party consisted of the follo\ving Noblemen and 
Gentlemen : — 

The Visconnt Falmouth, in the Chair. 

Tho Marquess Caudem, K.G. 

The Earl Amherst, 

Tho Honourablo and Reverend Sir F. J. Stapi.eton, Burt. 

Chables Wykeham Martin, Esq., M.P, 

Jahes Whatman, Esq., M.P. 

Edwaed EoasEY, Esq. 

Oeobge Wahdb Noemak, Esq. 

Rev, MiDDLETON OnSLOW, Ulli-itl Vi-dji. 

Rev, William John Mooue Brabazon. 
Rov. Lambert Blackwell Labkinq. 



XXXn KENT ARCHiOUHMCAL SOCIETT. 

On this occasion, after a short discussion, the follow^ 
ing Besolutions were adopted : — 

1. That & Society be formed, to bo called " The Kent Archa^O- J 
Ingical Society." 

2. That the Kfarqueaa CiiCDES, K.G^ be President thereof. 

3. That Membera of cither Uouso of Parliament ahall, on be-l 
coming Hemben of the Society, be placed on the list of Vice-FresH] 
denta. 

4. That the Rules of the Sussex Society, haring been olrenJyS 
tested by experience, be adopted by tliis Society. 

6. That a Committee be formed, with instructiona to apply to 
aQ tliose who ai« supposed to be favourable to the objects of tliia 
Meeting, to intite them to become " original MemberB " intboat tha g 
BaOot. 

6. Tiaitbe said Committee consist of the Viscount TitUovTuA 
Sir EmTAXD Debdio, Bart., M.P., Sir Brook BsruoES, Bart., M.P,,[ 
Ckaklbb Wtkeium SIjetis, Esq., M.P., Ja^ks Whatjjas, Esq^l 
M.P^ EowAKn Foas, Esq., and the Hot. Bcale Postk, with powcf 
to add to their oumber. The President and Honorary Secieta 
at tlie Society to be cf o^cio Alembers of this Committee. 

7. That the nid Committee be instructed to consider and reporti 
to a Geoenl Meeting any alterations in the Bulea which may a|x 
pear to be oecnnry for the success of the Society. 

8. ThMt tbe and General Meeting bo auramoned as soon as the 
Cw ritfwt are prepared with their Keport ; and that the Bulea be 
thtn nbfrntted for final approval. 

ff, Tkit the Rer. Lambkbt B. ZiASKiNa bo Ilouomry Secretary. 

Tlie dnnlu of the Party wpif siibRpijupntly most coi^l 
fisS^r UttAfTfiA to Viscount KAt.M>iiTii. I'»r his kindness! 
Id fttlmrmif; th^nt to meet at Mfrt'wurtti (Vitlc to nii^^r 
\ (fci? Jtwjirtj. and for his ablo \\i\\\ imiuirtial presi-' 
f M ih» thrir first cffnrt Id nf^'iiiiizr mi Archteo- 1 
I SbCHetj' firr the count)' of Krnt. 
t wiU be needlcM to insoit hiTc tlir UuU's of thei 
I ffactety, which were pnnisionally adopted at thifl 
Thry will be found in the form in which thcH 
were finally accepted by the Inaugural Meeting, as i 
copImI at page xiii 

Rc»oIution8 adopted at the Merewnrth Meetinj 



TtlE INAUGUBAL MEETINfi. XXXV 

were immediately circulated in all parts of the county, 
with such successful results, that within two months, on 
November 24, 1857, the Secretary reported that the 
Society alieady consisted of 367 Members, of whom 
twenty-foui- were Life Compounders. 

On the 24th of November the Committee held their 
first Meeting at Maidstone lor revision of the Rules, 
etc., when Edward KNATcnuuLi, Huoessen. Esq., and 
Charles Mebceb, Esq., were elected additional Mem- 
bers. 

Two more Meetings of the Committee were subse- 
quently held at the Charles Museum, Maidstone, viz. 
one on the 17th March, 1858, and the other on the 8th 
of April following. At these Meetings the Rules were 
tareftdly revised, and a Report prepared for presentation 
to the Inaugural Meeting, summoned to be held at tlie 
Charles Museum, Maidstone, on tlie 14th of April fol- 
lowing, for the purpose of ratifying the proceedings of 
the Committee, and completing the organization of the 
Society. 

Having thus briefly recorded the consecutive steps in 
the progress of the Society, from the day on which it was 
first called into existence at Mereworth Castle, till it had 
attained sufficient maturity for regular Inauguration, we 
turn to the Transactions of the Meeting which was 
held, for that purpose, at the Charles Museum, Maid- 
stone, on the 14th of April, 1858. 

Among a numerous body of gentlemen interested in 
Archseologj-, and especially in Kentish antiquity, there 
were present on that occasion : — 

The Viscount Sydney, Lord Lientenant of the Coimtj ; Tho 
Marquess Camden, K.G., President; The Earl Amheratj Vis- 
DODitt Falmouth ; The Hon. and Bev. Sir F. J. Staploton, 
Bart.; Sir Brook Bridges, Bart., M.P.; Sir Walter JameR, 
Bart.; Sir Walter Stii-Ung, Bart.; The Venerable the Arcli- 
deacon of Maidstono; The R^?v. Profeasor Staoley, Canon of 



XXXn REST ARCTLBOLOCICAI. SOCIFTV. 

Christ ChnK-h, etc. ; Alexancier J. B. Berroford Hope, Est|., 
M.P. ; James Whatican, Esq., M.P. ; <i. Wickham, Esq., 
MaycfT of Maidstone ; G. P. Ackworth, Esq. ; Rev. J. L, Allan ; 
Bev. F. St, Leger Baldwin ; F. Barrow, Esq. ; J. H. Baver- 
stock, Esq.; Captain BelBeld; W. H. Bensled, Esq.; H. 
Blandfonl, Esq.; Rev. W. Moore Braltajton; J. Bnice, Esq., 
V.P.S.A. ; Rev. G. Bryant; M. Bolwer, Esq.; Ucv. E. K. 
Bumcy ; Rev. F. Battanahaw j W. Claj-ton, Esq. ; Mr. C. J. 
Cwke ; J. Cnwby, Esq., F.S.A. ; F. Dastwood, Esq. ; E. G. 
CnUing Eardley, Esq.; Rev. W. Edmeades ; E. Foss, Esq., 
F.S.A. ; J. Frj-, Esq. ; Rev. C. Harbin ; B. Hatch, Esq. ; A. 
Havers, E-sq. ; J. Hodsoll, Esq.; Kev. J. Hooper; Rev. W. 
Home ; Edward Hnsaey, Esq, ; Rev. A. C. Jenkins ; Mr. Kad- 
we0; Rev. W.Keith; Dr. King; W. Lamharde, Esq.; Rev. 
J. Latliam; R. B. Latter, Esq.; Rev. E. H. Mac Lachlan ; 
Rev. W. Smith Marriott ; Mr. -J. Marsh ; Rev. J. J, Marshnm ; 
C. Mercer, Esq.; Rev. H. Milligan; Rev. G. B. Moorp; J. 
Monckton, Esq.; W, A. Mnnn, Esq.; G. W, Norman, Eaq. ; 
The Rev. M. Onslow, Rural Dean ; Rev. C. Parkin ; Dr. Plom- 
Jey ; Rev. Beale Poste ; C, Powell, Esq. ; Rev. J. C. Robertson ; 
J. Rogers, Esq. ; J. Havage, Esq. ; Rev. T. Sikea ; W, Masters 
Smith, E^q. ; Colonel Stanton ; J. Steele, Esq- ; Rev. H. Ste- 
vens ; N. E. Stevens, Esq. ; W. J, Thorns, Esq., F.S.A. ; Rev. 
J. F. Thorpe ; T. Thnraton, Esq. ; E. Twopeny, Eaq. ; Rev. R. 
Vincent ; T. Webster, Esq., B.A. ; Alderman Whichcord ; J. 
Whitcbeatl, Esq.; L. D. Wigan, Esq.; H. A. Wilde, Esq.; 
Rev. D. Winham ; ]>-. Woodfall, etc. etc. etc. 

Several Ladies also honoured the Society by attendmg 
the Meeting, nz. : — 

The Countess of A!)ergavenny ; fjidy Mildred Hope ; Vis- 
conntess Nevin ; TheHnnimmhle Uuly Stapleton; Mrs. Bettsj 
Mrs. Mercer ; Mrs. Wigan ; Mrs. Randall j Miss Wickham ; 
Miss Acworth, etc. etc. etc . 

At one o'clock the Chair was taken by the Marquess 
Camden, K.G., President uf tlie Society, who spoke as 
follows : — 

Bclbre I call upon the Secretary to read the Report of the 
('oniinittee appointed tii revise the Articli-s, aud to lay lieforo 



THE INAUGURAL MEETING. XXXVll 

you tlie Ijcat means of carrying on this Asaociation, I would bog 
permission to congratulate you, not only upon the large assem- 
blage which I see here this day; but also, upon the great huc- 
cesa which has attended the formation of the Society, the Mem- 
bers of which already number about five hundred. 

It is also a matter of congratulation that there should ho so 
many ladies present today, and that euch a large number of 
them are among the Members of the Society, because I am 
sore that thoy will be very instrumental in promoting its wel- 
fare ; and many of them will assist it by recording with their 
pencils the features of old buildings and other ancient objects 
of interest. The formation of Societies similar to this, in many 
other counties of England, has been attended with great suc- 
cess, their researches contributing in no small degree to a truer 
knowledge of the history of past ages, and awatening an inter- 
est in the preservation of the rehca of old times. I can ace no 
reason why the same success should not attend your ufibrts, 
especially oa Kent ia a county which, for its ancient building!*, 
ts not Burjiasacd in the whole kingdom, — a county which can 
boost of such cathedrals as Rochester and Canterbury, — of such 
ancient remains as are to be found at Itichborough, Dover, — 
and of such baronial mansions as those of Knole, Cobhom, 
Leeds, and Penshurat. 

Before I sit down, I wish to communicate to tho Meeting that 
I have received letters from the Earl of Dai'nley and Sir Walter 
Riddell, regretting that severe indispoaition prevents their at- 
tendance today, uud from Earl Stanhope, Mr. Deedcs, M.P., 
Wykeham Martin, Esq., M.I'., and Mr, Knatchbull Hugessen, 
M.P., who are detained in London by Parhamentary buaineaa. 

I will now call upon the Secretary to read to you the Report 
of the Provisional Committee. 

'ITie Rev. Lambekt B. Larking, the Honoraiy Secre- 
tary, theu rcatl the following Report, and tlie Rules iis 
recognized by the Committee, as at ]). xiii. ; — 

" By n reference to the Heaolutions paaaed iit the originul Meeting 
for the formation of our Society, you will be reminded tliat a Sjieoi.il 
Comniittco was formed, to whom certain duties were aBBignod. In 
pursuiinco of thi^ charge, tho Committeu immediately atU:r tlu'lr 
tiumiiiutiuu ioaucd a largo uuiuber of cireidars to thuse iu every part 
of the county wliii they BuiijioseJ might be fuvcmruble lo the ohjents 



KENT ARCHJEOLOOICAL SOCIETV, 



ooDtcmplated ; and they havfi mucli pleasure in reporting that their 
applications bhve been bo succesafu), that before the close of the jear 
they had enrolled nearly four hundred and fifty Members ; and at 
the present moment, in little more than six montbe from its fonna- 
tion, the effective etrength of the Society exceede five hundred Metn- 
bera. Of the»e, no leaa than thirty-nine have shown their desire to 
make it a permanent institntton, by becoming life subscribers of £0 
each ; and fourteen individuals of high literary distinction hare ho- 
noured the Society by permitting their names to be enrolled as Hono- 
rary Members — many of them, further, promising contributions to 
our projected publications. 

" In pursuance of the instructions they receiTed, the Committee 
have held various meetings, at which they hare taken iuto conside- 
ration the Sules of the Sussex Archsotogical Society, as originally 
adopted by us, with the view of judging wliethcr any alleratiDns 
therein were expedient for the management of this Societj- ; and tliey 
beg to report that they have suggested some few alterations therein, 
and additions thereto, which they conceive will be conducive to the 
success of the Society, and likely to prove more effective in furthering 
its objccta than if the Aulcs had been left altogether in their original 
form. These alterations and additions the Committee have consoli- 
dated in the Rules which they have appended to this Beport, and 
which they now submit to the Society for adoption. 

" In the performance of these duties the Committee have neces- 
sarily been obliged to incur some expenses, the accoimt of which will 
be laid before this Meeting, together with a balance-sheet showing 
the present state of the Society's financee. 

" Although a very large amount of subscriptions are still uopaid, 
yet, in order to avoid any delay iu the prosecution of the Society's 
undertakings, and in full reliance on the immediate receipt of the 
arrears of aubacriptious now due, arrangements have been made, 
Mubjcct to the sanction of this Meeting, for the issue, soon after the 
Aunuul General Meeting in the summer, of the Society's first vo- 
lume, which, from the papers already supplied, and those which are 
promised, the Committee feel confident will do honour to Kentish 
antifjutiries, and at once establish the character of the Society as an 
effective and itealous promoter of the science of Aruhwology. 

" The Committee have further to report to you that the Committee 
S the Charles Museum have offered to our Society the use of rooms, 
Irith tho M-rvices of their Curator as aasistant-secrotary, provided 
that tve are iriiling to coutributo £25 per annum for the same. 
They hafu rv^ndily aceei>ted the offer, subject, howcrer, to the sauc- 
tioa o( this Meeting. 

t Committee hare also the gratitication of reporting that 



TOE INAUGUIIAL MEETING. 



James WTiatman, Esq., M,P., William Oienden Hammond, Esq., and 
the Bev. Beule Poste have kindly consented to act aa Auditors for 
the year. 

" Mettsra. Bandall, Mercer, and Co., of Maidstone, and Measrs. 
Hammond and Co., of Canterbury, having consented to receive our 
deposits, tlie Committee recommend that they be appointed Bankers 
of the Society, 

" Although the accounts of the Society will not necesBarDy be au- 
dited and presented till the Annual General Meeting takes place, 
yet, OS it may be satisfactory to Bubecribers to have some informa- 
tion on the present state of our finances, the Committee beg to lay 
before the Meeting the following general eummary of receipts and 
expenditure up to the present day, leaving the particular details till 
the annual audit : — 

£ «. d. 

Receipts 329 1 6 

Expenditure 59 10 3 

Leaving a balance in band of £2G9 2 3 

" Of this sum £195 must be funded, being the amount of thirty- 
nine life compositions. 

£ €. d. 
Balance at Mercor and Co.'a ...... 217 8 I 

Balance at Hammond and Go's 51 1-1 2 

209 2 3 
Deduct Life Compositions 195 

Balance available for current expenses . . £7-1: 2 '.i 



" As far B.S our present returns show, two hundred and twenty- 
three Members have not yet paid their subscriptioua. These, when 
piud, which we may expect immodintely, wiU produce £111, to be 
added to the £74 as above, which will make our available balance 
for current expenses £185, 

" It now only cemuiua lor the Committee to congratulate you on 
the auspicious prospect before you. These congratulations are 
foimded not so much on your numerical strength, large though it be, 
as on the hopes which may well be entertained of the hearty co- 
operation of aH your learned aiid distinguished Members, with the 
young and ardent aujong you who have yet to win their renown in 
elucidating the antiquities of our couuty and in promoting the 
acioDce in whose cause we are enlisted, 

" In conclusion, they present to you their Eeport, trusting that 




i VifCMiDt Snmcr (the hard lieatenant), in moving 
the fint Reaolndon. saiA : — 

AhhfiOffb I sin not the right num in tbe rigfat phce to take 
• Itading pHt in the prooecdittgn of an Ardueological Society, 
jH, however onwortbjr I majr be, 1 tmst to profit hy the \eam- 
ioff sod experienoG of the dkthigaiAbetl men I see aroond ine. 
I umf, witboiU dear of tmiitnciictitiii, rfnur^ that yon hare 
eoauaenoed operatioDii this day most aoepiciouslj ; and I trnat 
tint joa viD adopt the Iteyort uniuiiinonBly. It shadows forth 
» prMpvnHU fbtorc. Not ouly w oar list of Subscribers nome- 
ricalljr large, bot many of them are distingnished by Icamiti^ 
uul profoimd ArchBBologicsl knowledge. The advantage that 
the couDty of Kent will derive from the existence' of snch a 
Kociely at thin will be ffiund i& the opening of men'e minda to 
the ubNTTTotion and knowledge of what onr ancestors have in 
frrrmer dayH effected^ and in the intprorement in taste which 
we may nnti(.'ip&te from the development and investigation of 
biatorical remains, aboanding us they do to each on onlimited 
extent in tbiti county. 

I thiitk yon will agree with me that our gratitude is due to 
thoM) geutltimen who Iinve talcon hd muck trouble ttnil interest 
in the formation of the Society, nnd to whom the county ia os- 
Muredly much indebted. The Report of their proceedings, and 
tlio BulfH for Uie govomtTient of the Society, which have just 
boon rood to iw (and wliieh, of course, can be niodifiedj if necea- 
■ary, at any future Meeting) appear to mo to meet the \-iew8 
and roquirenipnt* of tlie Society, nnd to merit your unanimous 
adoption, — a result which 1 fully anticipate in proposing the 
lirMt Ibtsolution. 

"That tlio It4^|l^rl juit rtnul, be adopted, with tlie Uulea fur the 
gooemmcDl of thn Socioly which are a|i|ieiidi.-d thereto." 
[Carried unanimously.] 



Earl Amueiwt. in proposinf; the 
said: — 



nnd Resolution, 



honi'iir ti' propooc a IteMiliition wluch odds several 
■ to tlip HbI of \'icu.|'ri'eidcnlK. nicre arc also one or tw<j 



THE INAUGLTtAL MEETING. xli 

names already published as Vico-Prcaidents, which it is neces- 
sary to Bubmit to tills Meoting for re-election, in conaequenco 
of ail alteration of the Rule which stated that all Members of 
Parliament who subscribed, wherever they might reside, should 
be ear officio Vice-Presidenta, In the revision of the Rules, it 
has been thought better to limit this privilege to proprietors 
and residents iu the county. ITie Resolution, therefore, which 
I now submit to you, includes the name of the Hon. Thomas 
MoBtyn, M.P., who has no residence in the county, and that of 
Sir Edward Dering, Bart., who has ceased to bo a Member of 
Parhament since the first list was published, but who it is very 
desirable, for many reasons, should be among our Vice-Presi- 
dents. As BO many gentlemen who have a more extensive 
knowledge of Arctajology than I can boast, have to address tho 
Meeting, I shall conclude by at once proposing the Resolution 
which has been placed in my hands. 

" That the following gentlemen be elected Vice-Presidouta of tiic 
Society ; — 

Tho Very Reverend the Dean of Canterbury. 

The Very Beverend tho Doan of Eooliester. 

The Venerable tho Archdeacon of Maidetouo. 

The Venerable the Archdeacon of Hochester. 

The Hon. Thomas Moatyn, M,P. 

Sir Edward Deriug, Bart. 

Sir Norton Knatchbull, Bart. 

Sir Tliomns Maiyon Wilson, Bart." 
[Carried unanimously,] 

Sir Brook Bridges, in moving the third Itesolutioii, 
said: — 

Most of us who are gathered together on this interesting 
occasion, have been accustomed from our earliest years to con- 
gratulate ourselves in belonging to one of the most important 
counties in England. We have always felt proud of being 
" Men of Kent," and I am astonished, not that wo have met 
together on this occasion in such numbers, but that a So- 
ciety of this nature has not been formed long ago. In ancient 
times Kent occupied a prominent position on many important 
oocasiuns. In the time of the Suxon Heptarchy, Kent itself 
was one of the seven kingdoms, — a distinction possessed by 
no other county. With all the interesting matoriale acattercd 



xtH aan jtmrnmauKiCAL bocibtt. 

ifaVN^KMrt tlw enaalj, too lamaf §or me ncnr to 



httSocieQr ' 



•IvmU bww beea w loog dd^vd,^ — ft cumnutaDce whkk is 
piuUUj MttribBtoMe to tbe fitct, that "what u eTaTbodjr's 
bwiiMM M nobodj'a buiaeai." Kobody anended to thai 
Wttiob tfmjhodj oecmAjB^y dtsplajed great isterest in. For 
tim •MtaMufahig of thii Sociut;, we are deeply indebted to my 
frwrid Mr. Ijarking', to whom oar thanks are dne, not ouljr be 
Itia I^mvl/JUH vxvrtifriia in thb caiwc of Archaeolog;, in which he 
liM) <li«()lA]rod (ifroat ability and akill, but paitacolarir for the 
inU<ro«t which he ha« Utken in this Aaaodation. It mn^c bo 
mmiiriMt thM itieli a Sonety as thin depends upon those who 
luktt nil oetive jmrt in it* opomtiunn ; they will have to devote 
II htrffi) purtton of their titnu to it ; they will reqnirc consider- 
itlihi jiiilfftiimit nod dincriminutioa ; and in proposing the ap- 
|i<iiiiliiu-lit nr lh'> twtiity-Four f^ntlemen iiiunctl in the Resolu- 
Liim Its iiiir ('ouneil, I hIiuII only bu puying them a fair imd 
pr>ip(ir (Hirnplirnent in anyinff that I am snre they will discharge 
thrir iliitti^H tu the antlaraction of the Members. Ton will ob- 
Mirv(< Lliiit ^at earo liM been token timt there should bo a 
iWr iliatribiitioD of tJmau Belueted for the Council all over the 
county. 

It ia tiiiiiiifoMrly m(iMt ileairuble U> seonre the co-operation of 
Hiinlhniion in dilferfnt partii of the county who arc likely to de- 
viiIk ihi'tr time and attention to local objects of interest, and 
whi> itlriihly poaHt'MM (HinHiclerable knnwledgi^ on these points. 

A" iiirtiiy ip-iitlfini'ii are iU'i>endunt upon the roil for their 
rx'tiini. 1 will iiul di'tuiu you longer, but at once propose the 
|{oa«ltiliii|) whii:b has beeu eutniatcil to me :^ 

"That the fullowitiK twriity-four gentltMnen ho nsquPsleU to act 
witli lh« i*r«aiilpiit Mild Vict>>Prf»idt<nts and Honorary Secretary, » 
Ciuikcll (if lhi> 84iiiii>ty." [NaniMaa at jiai^ li.] 

ll^atriitd uuuiiiineuNly.] 

Ai*x\si>Ku J. \i. URite$ix^K]> Hope, Eaq., movotl the 
luurth lU-svlulioii. wkI ajKiko ns fuUow«; — 

1 am MU* thai all of ti* here tntuit liare been struck with tbr 
tnSh of what Su- lU\>tik llriitp-H aaid, that the i<idy wonder is, 
thai EkMil hw> HO kiuy UtOi^''' In-hiud, while ««< many other 
( wwv ft>mt>hinr asMKialHiua iif thi» 9ifn, i&sttwd of 



THE INAUOTTRAL MEETING. 



xliii 



hurrying forward and being the first in the field to incorporate 
by its united voice a body of its faithful and devoted sons, 
sworn together to preserve the records of its glorious paat. 
This growing feeling in favour of tho science of ArchfBology — 
growing, I say, although it has already spread far and wide, 
and struck its roots deep into the ground — is one of the most 
pleasing signs of these days. The antiquarian is not now, as 
in the times of our grandfathers, made tho subject of the wit- 
less jests of every booby who hod nothing to do but to crack 
hia jokes against those who were wiser and better than himself. 
Now in these "days of progress," as they are called, — now that 
our advancement in science has gone ahead beyond the example 
of any former times, — there has, as it were, providentially grown 
up by the side of that bold and daring spirit of development 
a feeling of admiration for what is good and beautiful of past 
times — a desire to preserve, to chronicle, and to record all that 
we can cull from the past. This seems implanted in as side 
by aide with our aspirations after progress, in order that, while 
our posterity may reap the utmost benefits of the learning and 
intellect of our day, they may also know the progressive stages 
by which our present knowledge, our present growth in science, 
have been attained. To this end we have founded this Society; 
rind when we remember what the county is in which it has been 
founded, we cannot but foresee a rich crop of golden treasures 
to reward our husbandman's care. Kent is that county which 
in our history earliest looms through the mists of kmg-forgotten 
ages, — that district of Britain tJie first known to the civihzed 
world by the invasion of Julius Cffisar and his landing on its 
shores,^ — ^that county which, from hia day downwards, has ever 
played a prominent part in the history of England : Kent, 
which yields ns fruits of antiquity as long ago as the Druidical 
times in that curious monument which exists ^vithin a few miles 
of tliis spot. Kit's Coty House, — which, coming down to the 
times of the Romans, supplies us with the ancient structure in 
Dover Castle and the Roman city, for such it was, of Rich- 
borough, — which furnishes us with Norman monuments in the 
cathedral of Rochester, and of a grander style of architecture in 
that of Canterbury. In this county also we have ancient manor- 
houses of the most important )>eriod of English domestic ar- 
chitecture, already alluded to by the Noljle Chairman. Kent, 
in those ihvys, contained in itj^elf the Mauchenter, tho Wol- 



*Kt 



KEST AHCH.EOI/X5ICAT. SOCIETT. 



Torhiunpton, uod the Bradford of modem timee, prodncing thu 
grey cloth which clothed the hardy yeomen of ED^'Und, aiid 
tht: trouworka which i>upplied her traders with that moat useful 
metal. All those who have travelled thrungh the towns and 
villages of the Weald, will have oh^Jrvetl tracex of thin in the 
old mauom and farmhouees which abound in that part of the 
(.-otinty of Kent, and indicate tbo timo wh<;n the abimdanue uf 
timber had created a peculiar style of architectnre — quaint, 
(fTUC'eful, and besatiful — the remnants of which are still objects 
of interesting study, and the fcatores of which this Society 
no doubt will record. Upon the nomber of interesting old 
churches in Kent t need not dilate. Then, again, there is that 
branch of antiquity which has reference to traditions, to legal 
privilogos, and to variona rights and UHages which can bo most 
fitly studied in a district where one of them — the hiw of gavel- 
kind — ^luis cxiiit«d from the times of the Saxons ontil the pn?-. 
tKjnt day. This county also has a large number of car|)oratv 
towns, and the records they possess will, no doubt, jield a large 
store of treasure to those who may undertake to unravel thorn. 
With respect to architectural antiquities, I need not dwell upon 
them, assctnblcd as we are t«Iay in one of the most curious of 
those ancient buildings which abound in this county, and which, 
having beon fortunately preserved through the chances of time, 
has now become the receptacle of the County Museum, itself 
being one of the greatest curiosities of that Maseum. It can- 
not be said that our county has been heretofore neglectful of 
its antique relics. I believe that Lambarde's ' Peregrinations 
through Kent ' is one of the oldest county histories extant, 
and it is still of gi-eat value. At a later date, Hasted's ' Kent,' 
written at the close of the last century, is the most full of mat- 
ler, and one of the most valuable works of its class ; and we 
lutvo now one of our Members collecting materials for a still 
moi-e elaborate and valimble county history. Upon Canterbury 
Cathedral we have several valuable works. Dart's history of 
that ciithedral is a work of great research, and one of stan- 
dard authority. In later days wo have that ingenious treatise 
of IVifesftor Willis on its architectoral history ; and still nioi-o 
recently the picturesque essays of one whom, although he has 
bi^on but a sojoumor among us, we aU cherish and i-espeet^ 
Ctuiou HtMiley, These are only the reconla of one building in 
e town ; bul there arc niimj oilier bnrriughs whieb Lave hud 



THE INAtrGlTUU. MEETINO. 



thoir local annaliatSj and havo enlisted from time to time the 
putient researcli of tliose who have felt it to be a duty to pre- 
aervo a record of the fleeting day before it is altogether lost. 
But something more than these isolated efforts is required, 
The spirit of copartnership must be called into action — there 
must bo an interchange of ideas — a mutual communication of 
researches and of theories — in order that what is valuable may 
be sifted from what ia merely visionary and worthless, except 
in the eyes of its own too ardent and partial discoverer. For 
a work of that sort a Society of this kind is required, and I am 
glad that wo have at length girded up ourselves to the good 
work of establishing it. Most fortunately, at the aamts time 
that we c*me forward to do that, the good borough in which 
WB are assembled made a similar effort, by founding the Charles 
Museum tor the antiquities of Kent ; and I am happy to see 
that, by a generous spirit on both sides, an arrangement has 
been made by which the two institutions will mutually subserve 
to the interests of each other ; so that, while this Museum be- 
comes the head-quarters of this Society, our meeting here will 
give value ajid rcahty to the collection of antiquities found 
within this building. There ia one word which I do not see in 
this Resolution, but which I am sure was in the minds of those 
who drew it up. This Resolution calls upon Members to con- 
tribnte original papers, di-awings, etc. Under that " etc," is 
concealed something which ia more valuable than all the origi- 
oal drawings in the world — I mean photography. The inven- 
tion of this art gives a new life and a new meaning to the study 
of Archfeolog)-. The verj' best drawing is infinitely inferior to 
the realities of any building ; and many of the most interesting 
questions may hang on what no draughtsman's skill con give — 
some peculiarity in the geology of the material, something in 
the masonry, some small change in the tone of the material. 
Now all these things come within the range of photography — 
that art which tells the truth, whether we wish it to be told or 
not. Artists "were deceivers ever," whether depicting fair 
ladies or old buildings, but photography is the honest friend 
who always comes out with the whole truth. ITierefore I hope 
that while people obey this Resolution by sending original 
papers, they will contribute the " etc." — namely, photographs 
— before they contribute drawings. Indeed, any building, of 
howi'ver little value, if it be but a farmhouse of a hundred 



xiri 



KEirr ABCu^ouwrCAi. societt. 



ftod fifty years old, or one of tlioeo substantial building* 
brif^t rod brick, with Mone quwns, and a little pediment cfti 
ttu! door, of tJie time of Qneen Anne — uo^fat to be pfaot 
graphed. It may not be of sufficient value to be kept stani 
inff, but there are few of theae old bnildings which have tii 
■ompthin^ about thmn worthy of presenration ; and if 
Members of this Society, each in his own di»trict, will procnre 
photographs of any such building or curiosity — and partittularly 
not to allow changes to be made without first obtaining an ac- 
curate photogTspb of buildings tm they were before the altera- 
tiona were commenced, as well as any interesting discoverii 
made in the proceaa of the change which future progress mi 
conceal, and at its ultimate completion, in order to 
against future change — we shaJl have such a mass of genuii 
truthful, unquestiooable archaeological photographs as the woi 
never before possessed. Photography has given a new life to 
Archzoology, and so I trust that this Society will not fail to 
make that use of its resources which it would be a shame and 
disgrace to it not to do, I now beg leave to move the Beao- 
liitiou which has been placed in my hands, viz. ; — 

" That tho Honorary Secretary be requested to solicit Members 
tho Society, and others distinguishod for their learning in Arelifflo- 
logtcal science, to contribute ori^uat papers, drawings, etc., ^ith 
view to their preaervation among the records of tho Society's opera- 
tions, aa well ns their publication and eubaequont distribution 
amongst tho Monibere." 
[Carried unanimously.] 

TIh' Kc;v. W. M. Smith Maebiott, in moving tl 
next Itfsolutitm, naid:^ 

AIiIioukIi I cannot protcind to any knowledge of Archaeology, 
I hiivi' a great riiMpoct for all that pertains to " the olden time, 
and "hull havi' gr«iat plijnjturp in doing all that lies in my hum- 
blo powiT to assiiit n Society which refers so usefully to bygone 
dayii. Tht' iiresi-nt are said to bo days oT pro/frcen. It is 
poHxibtn to deny it. Wo lioiwt i>f "the march of intellect 
aui] thiiiigh far be it from mu to speak tightly of that presnmt 
luartdi, I am not sure that we have not reason to be afraid that 
too much of nur boiuitod knowledge is superficial ; just as iu 
our modem Hystcm of travelling wo speed so fast that we miss 
many beauties which gave great pleasure to our ancestoi 



1 

e," 1 



Wo certainly are prono to be over-proud of modem achievo- 
ments, and to suppose that those who have gone before ns 
knew nothing. Now if this Society — the inauguration of which 
we are met in such numbers to celebrate this day — eboold 
teach us that our forofathera really were not totally ignorant, 
and not to suppose that "no doubt we are the men, and wia- 
dom will die with us," perhaps it will have the good effect of 
making ua a bttle more humble and more truly wise. 

In architecture, for instance, — a subject which will form one 
of the studies peculiarly belonging to a Society such as this, — 
our anccatoi's, I suspect, knew as much as ourselves, and pro- 
bably a good deal more. AVe need not go biick to the classic 
times of Greece and Italy ; bnt if we confine our view to our 
own country, we shall find many grey old specimens of exqui- 
site beauty, worthy studies for our best architects and painters; 
and one of the latter I now see near me (T. Webster, Esq., B.A.), 
whose pencil could do ample justice to the beauties of such a 
structure. It has been said, that however much the buildings 
of the past may excel in the picturesque, they cannot be com- 
pared with modem structures for comfort and convenience. I 
, admit that. But I contend that our ancestors knew well how 
to build abodes suitable to the times in which they lived, suita- 
ble in magnificence to the stem grandeur of the period, and 
that our old English barons, with their trains of feudal retainers, 
had acquired in their festive halls and strong towers the know- 
ledge of combining a splendid hospitabty with due security. 
They have left us, too, ecclesiastical edifices, not in ruina, but 
atill existing in their pristine glory — far exceUing all tho erec- 
tions of the present day. If we look merely at the exterior of 
8ome of our noble cathedrals ; let me mention two : (I except 
Canterbuiy, in our own county, which baa already been elo- 
quently commented on.) I will mention two which afford ex- 
amples in diiferent styles, not to be surpassed in the world,^ — 
Salisbury and York, — whether we regard the light and beauti- 
ful elegance of the one, or tho noble grandeur of the other ; 
and if, when we have debghted onrselves sufficiently with tho 
contemplation of the wonderful proportions of the exterior, we 
pass the portals and behold, entranced, the varied and solemn 
beauties of the interior, — the clustered columns, the intermina- 
ble vista of exquisite arches stretching far away until the view 
is lost in tho bewildering play of light and shadow reflected 



xiviii 



KKNT ARCll^OUIGICAL SOClimr. 



frorn tho boauliriilly painted windown, with foclingii of revcroiiro 
in mir hoartn, although wo ut the sama time may admit that the 
(friint Dcjity cn» he ficcoptahly wornliipcd by His peojilo whero 
tliftro ill no Cftnopy hut tho huavcuH; yot wo arc conatrained to 
iiHt' tho Kiihlitnd lun^ngu of the old Patriarch, and cannot help 
exclaim i 11^, " Hiiri'ly tlnH in nutio uthor than tho houao of tiod, 
(Hid thin in tho fpito of Ilwivon I" and tho foelings of our houIs 
llud vont iu tho warmoKt prayer, — 

" IiOUK may our Hpiry &bbcjR, high i^tithodnilR, Rtnnd ! 
Tbo nrkt of God ! thu Imlwarka ofiUo laml I" 

Maiiy I'biircheH have recently boon erected, at which we may 
well rejoiei' j miii thmiffh of course tho (irat object is to obtain 
the tTieatiH of public wornhip for tho pooplo, it in atill an impor- 
titnb though a Hccuudary couBidemticin that they should bo con- 
titrurted in a style wortliy of the Hoteniii sorvice for which they 
lire built, and worthy in noinc liogWHi of the f»Toat Being to 
whom th(iy are dedioatod ; and in this rospoct it is gratifying 
f.o admit that better priuci]ih>» than once prevailed are now 
genomlly acted upon, and the ecrlesiastical architecture which 
inoHt jiluiMOH the eye in undoubtedly that which is borrowed 
tVom tho inodelfl of former dayn. Nothing shows more our 
(ibligatiouH to bygone ta«te and skill than the modem term 
" nuttoration " ati applied to tho work now going on in many of 
our luirish {■hiirclics, I reoollect being a few yeare ago in a 
ehiireh undergoing this process, and obsen-ed a notice embla- 
lioned on tho wtdlK in a kind of triumphal wreath, to this effect : 
"This chun'h was repaired and beautified iu 17 — [" and tho 
lieaulillcHtion eonsisted in daubing the walls and pillars with 
whitewash, bUx-king up a Kplendid arch, and completely hiding 
A lUMgiutieeut w»>steni window. A friend who w«s with mo 
made thia olMH'r\*«tiou : " WTien tJiose restorations are com- 
plolo, Ihe pwiper insiTiptiun will hv, ' This church w»s onbeau- 
ti(iotl anno Domini 1850.' " 

Witii rrgnrd to tcidpturo also, wluch is so eU»8oly united 
wiUi acvhili.'ctHro : though we may \w justly proud of the works 
oTiMtuc of our own »eul}iUirs, jvl they iuvtmably suceeod besi 
wkcn they mest rl.isely adhen-' lo the noblo work* K-ft by tbo 
Arti"' 1 remetnU'r, Muue yenrs i^p), when taking 

» I ' soi^iiea of iiiten-st, I visitt'*! ihv M-at of 

Ui«' . .i-y, th<' Utv Sir Itti-hanl i.\il lloarv, aud 

t wklkiui: 111 111! lir«util\il |fr\wnil», »u^kUiily oaow upoa a 



THE INAUGUEAL MEETING. 



xlLx 



elahie wliich riveted the attention of my untutored eyes. I 
foand it was the statue of Livia AugTistn, brouglit from Horcu- 
laneuui ; and the impression made upon my mind was, how 
proud might an artist of the present day be, could he produce 
Bueh a work as this, chiselled by a liiind cold in the grave for 
e than two thousand years ! In aU ages of the world, one 
of the keenest pursuits is tliat for gold. I know not whether 
the present is more distijiguished in this respect than others, 
bnt I am certain it is not less so ; and I believe if the Arch of 
Titus stood in the way of the worshipers of gain, it would be 
no more respected than old Temple Bar, which I grieve to hear 
is to come down because it a little impedes the traffic towards 
the head-quarters of Mammon, the City of London. Steam is 
the great itmovator. I do not mean to depreciate its use ; but 
no respecter of antiquity. In our own county it has ruth- 
lessly swept from the earth the remains of the old Priory at 
Tunbridge, and the Castle would have shared no better fate 
had it happened to stand in the way. In a county with wliich 
I am well acquainted (Dorsetshire), it was with great difficulty 
that the relica of a splendid Roman amphitheatre were wi-est.ed 
from the " appropriation clause " of a railway company ; and 
memory, in calling back the patience and courage of the ve- 
nerable martyr awaiting his fate from the wild-beasts of the 
k Circus, and shuddering not at their roar, — memory, I repeat, 
would be put to the blush on the same spot in hearing the 
Bhrieks and groans of a much more powerfid monster, the rail- 
way engine. 

I have not pretended to treat this subject in a scientific man- 
ner. I leave that to others much belter acquainted with the 
matter, and especially to my worthy friend, our excellent Se- 
cretary, who has spared neither time nor exertion, nor the 
ability which he eminently possesses, in forming this Society, 
and in bringing it so successfully to the inauguration of this 
day ; and with reference to the Resolution which I have the 
honour of proposing, from his Archaeological knowledge is well 
calculated himself to compose a work which would reflect equal 
honour on the name he bears, on the science of which he is bo 
keen an admirer, and on the county to wliich he belongs. 

I cannot sit down without congratulating you, my Lord Mar- 
quess, and all here assembled, on the formation of a Society 
which wilt effect much if it only teaches iia to acknowledge the 
VOL. I. li 



1 



1 



KENT ABCH^OT/IGICAI, SOOIETY. 



obligations wtich we owe to Antiquity; and if it should con- 
vince some precocious youth of New England who assumes the 
toga virilin before he comes to years of discretion, that his 
grandmother really was not ignorant of that problem which he 
takes upon himself to teach her, before he was bom. 

I thank this great Meeting for the courtesy with which they 
have listened to my crude remarks, and bog to submit the He- 
solution I have proposed for their adoption : — 

" That, in compliance with the foregoing Eesolutjon, and in con- 
formity with the wishes eipresaed by the Committee in their Eeport, 
every effort be made for tlie publication of tlio firet A'ohitno of the 
Society's Transactions before the lat of next September ; and that 
each Member be entitled to one copy thereof, provided bis subscrip- 
tion be not iu arrear." 

[Carried unanimously.] 

The sixth Resolution was proposed by G. Warije 
NOBMAN, Esq., wlio said^ 

A Resolution baa been placed in my hands which I have 
great pleasure in submitting to the Meeting, Its object is to 
suggest the propriety of estalilishiiig a special fund for the par- 
pose of defraj-ing any extra expense which might be beneficially 
employed in the woodcuts and engravings required in the illus- 
tration of the Society and pubHc-ations, Any contributions to-* 
wards this fund would of course be voluntary. 

In order that a Society such as ours should Create a widely 
extended interest, and enrol in its ranks a numerous body of 
Bubscribers, embracing, as we hope ours may, persons of vari- 
ous conditions as to station and fortune, it is essential that the 
ordinary subscription shall bo moderate in amount. The sum 
proposed in our Rules is fixed in conformity to this considera- 
tion, and might suffice for the necessary expenses of the So- 
ciety, including the publication of a yearly Volume of very 
modest pretensions ; but it would undoubtedly be insufficient 
for the production of a volume iu point of typography and illus- 
trations such as the Kentish Archteological Society would wish 
to present to its Members and to the Public, 

It seems to me, then, that we adopt a wise course in appeal- 
ing to the liberality of those who may feel disposed to add t^i 
the ordinary income of the Society by contributions ui addition 
to tlieir subscription, with a view to increase the usefulness and 



THK INAUGURAL MRETING. 



i; 



attractiveness of its pulilications ; and I feel convincod that I 
ahall cftrry with me the general opinion of the Meeting, when 
I Bnbmit to it the formal Resolntion which 1 hold in my hand. 

Before I sit down I will venture to say a few words with re- 
' spect to the general objuots of our Soiriety. 

Some persons seem to consider Archseology as a mere matter 
of amusement, indeed, of trivial amusement, and that it pos- 
sesses no actual value in its influence on the mind, and has no 
tendency to make those who study it wiser and better. Such, 
however, was not the opinion of a man who was himself not 
only wise and great, but also good. I allude to Dr. Johnson, 
who thus expresses himself in his ' Tour to the Hebrides,' after 
describing the island of lona : " To abstract the mind from all 
local emotion would be impossible, if it were endeavoured ; and 
would be foobah, if it were possible. Whatever withdraws us 
from the power of our senses ; whatever makes the past, the 
distant, or the future, predominate over the present, advances 
ua in the dignity of thinking beings, Far from me, be such 
frigid philosophy as may conduct ua indiflerent and unmoved 
over any ground which has been dignified by wisdom, bravery, 
OP virtue ! That man is little to be envied whose patriotism 
would not gain force upon the plain of Marathon, or whose 
piety would not grow warmer among the ruins of Zona." 

I can add nothing to this eloquent passage, and will conclude 
by saying that I have obtained much pleasure, and some advan- 
tage, by the shght attention I have been able to bestow on the 
monuments of the past ; and that I look forward with pleasure 
to the increased knowledge which I hope to obtain under the 
auspices of the Kent Archieological Society. 

The Resolution which I have to propose is this^ 

" That in order to enhance the value and interest of the Society's 
pablicntious, a fund be estahhshed, to be supported by voluntary do- 
nationB and subscriptions, for the Bpscial purpose of supplying wood- 
cuts, engravings, etc., for the illustration of papers that may appear 
therein ; and that all the Members, whether contributors to this fund 
or not, sbftlt have an equal riglit to these embelliahnients." 

[Carried unanimously.] 

The Venerable B. Hahrisos, the .'Vrchdeacdu of Maid- 
I stono, iH moving the seventh Resolutiou, said — 

I feci it a privilege to move thut Ihr fimi Gevfiral Me-'tiuij of 

<I 2 



lii KEFT ARCHJEOLOGTCU:. SOCIETr. 

thU Sociciy he held at Canterhiiry ; and T am sure that the Dean 
and my bretlireii of the Chapter wil] give you a hearty welcome 
to our ancient Cathedral. My friend llr, Larkinif will confirm 
my Btatement, when I say there are several new antiquities (if 
I may venture so to designat-e them) lately brought to light in 
the Cathedral, and which have never been noticed in any his- 
tory. Connected as I am, by the office I hold, with the parish 
churches of a. largo part of this county, a department of its an- 
tiquities to which scarcely any reference has yet been made, i 
cannot but express the great gratification I feel, that a Society 
has heen formed which will help to preserve the literary, anti- 
quarian, and artistic memory of those sacred and interesting 
edifices. 

It is my duty to see to the maintenance and preservation of 
the material fabric, and I cannot but regard our churches as the 
best and most important legacy we can leave to those who 
come after ns, even as they have been handed down to us by 
our forefathers. 

The Resolution which I have the honour to move is — 

" That the First Annual General Meeting of this Society bo held 
at Canterbury, on or about the 29th day of July next." 

[Carried unanimously.] 

Professor Stanley (who had arrived but a few minutes 
previously, and on being introduced to the Meeting by 
the Noble Chairman was received with loud clieers) 
moved the eighth Resolution, and said — 

Though I am juat upon the point of leaving Kent, and there- 
fore cannot be expected to feci such an interest in this Society 
as I otherwise might have done, yet I sincerely wish that its 
efforts may be attended with every success, and that it will be 
a benefit to the county at large. 

Let me speak of it — first, in connection with Archieology, 
and secondly, in connection with Kent. 

Nothing impresses the mind with the reality of post events 
BO much as visiting the localities with which any historical inci- 
dents are connected, and on visiting the spot in Canterbury 
Cathedral where BecVet was murdered, that terrible tragedy is 
presented in all its vividness to the imagination of the beholder. 
Many things in hist^ory which now are perplexed and doubtful 



THE INADGUHAL MEtmsU. 



liii 



I 



would have been renilered clear, had the places in which the 
circiimatances occurred beeu preserved; such as the compli- 
cated aud difficult story of the Qowrio conspiracy. I have al- 
ways felt, that had Gowrie House been prBserved, we might 
have unravelled doubts which now can never be made out 
to the end of time. The importance of societiea like tliis iu 
especially manifest at the present time, when such extensive 
changes are takiug place in all parts. As Sir Francis Palgrave 
observed to me only a few days since, this spirit of change ia 
rapidly obhtenitiiig all the rehca of olden time, like a deluge 
Bweepiiig away all the landmarks of the past; and the preser- 
vatiou of some record uf these antiquities is becoming more 
and mere important. 

Secondly. In position, Kent has always struck me as being 
more distinct, its boundaries moro strictly defined, than any 
other county of England. The whole ]jyramid of our island 
rests, as it were, upon two comer-atones, Kent {which denotes 
"corner") being upon the east, and Coniwall upon the west. 
England bi^cume first known ti) history by the visits of the 
Plitenician merchants to the Cornish coaats for tin, as men- 
tioned by Herodotus ; and Kent, which occupied a still more 
important position, as being in closer proximity to the Conti- 
nent, received the Roman legions, — its name being the only 
name of a county yet in existence which was pronounced by 
the mouths of Julius Ctesar and his Bomana. Subsequently it 
was the landing-place of Hengist and Horsa and their Saxon 
warriors ; and then of St. Augustine, on a more peacefid mis- 
sion : and thus Canterbury, almost by a mere local accident, 
became the seat of the English Primacy (and, iu the Middle 
Ages, might be considered that of the Prime Minister also), a 
distinction wluch it has retained down to the present time, its 
history being thus invested with an interest not posaessed by 
any other place in England. 

I am addressing you under very great disadvantage, having 
only this inatant arrived, and though in complete ignorance of 
what may have been said by previous speaker-!, I just throw 
out these few remarks to indicate the direction in which im- 
portant researches may be made ; for, after all, as lijicon said, 
if we know how to ask questions rightly, we have got the best 
' f human knowledge. 



The lienolul 



which I have to propose is thia :- 



liv 



KENT ARCaSOLOOrCAL SOCIETT. 



" That the cordial thauks of our Society be gireii to the Comm 
of the Chnrlea iluaeum, for the readioess with wliicU tlit-y hare nd- 
ranced to associate themselvcB with us, by offering the use of their 
roomH, and tho aervices of their Curator as Asaiistaul^Secretarj' to 
our Society ; that, io accepting their offer, the Honorary Sccr«itarjr 
be requested to eipreea to them an assurance of the gratification 
whicb we anticipate in the maintenance of an intimate nud cordial 
union with them, and in the mutual advantages which that union m 
ensure." 

[Carried imanimously.] 

The Mayor of Maidstone (George Wickilvm. Esq.), 
in moving the ninth Resolution, said — 

I cannot but express my senae of the great compliment paid 
to the members of the Comm.ittee of the Charles Museum, in 
the Resolution which has just been uuaniinonBlj passed by this 
Meeting, and by the manner in which they have been thanked 
for the proffered use of their rooms, and also for the offer made 
by this Society of contributing towards the salarj- of a Curator, 
whose services will be required by both institutions. Some 
two or three months since, it was my good fortune to preside, 
in this room, at a similar meeting, consequent upon the public 
spirit of Mr. Charles, in bequeathing his collection of antiquities 
for the benefit of his fellow -townsmen, and also upon the put '"" 
spirit of the inhabitants, in placing themselves under Ewi 
Act for the formation of a free library. It was a most grat 
iug meeting, and shadowed forth that which has this day 
realized : the cementing and binding together the local institu- 
tion of the boi'ough with the larger institution of tho county. 
I am sui'C that every effort will be made in Maidstone to for- 
ward the interests of the two institutions ; and I have no doubt 
that ultimately this Society will reflect honour upon the county 
iu which it has arisen. 

1 have now to propose a Resolution tbaulciug Mr. Bland for 
his gift of the antiquities found on his estate — the remains of a 
Itoman villa. 

'I'his words of this Resolution which has been placed in 
hands, are these : — 

" That tho cordiol thanks of this Society be given to Will 
Dlnnil, £s>|., of Hartlip Place, Sittingbuunie, for hia kind and lib* 
donation of Roman antiiuitieB." 

(Curried unanimously.] 



public 
iiitiea ■ 

itig^^^H 
be^ ! I 



THE INACGlTtAL MEETING. 



Iv 



Sir Walter James, Bart, as the tenth Resolution, 
moved a vote of thanks to two g'entlemen for their con- 
tributions to the libi-arj' of this Association ; in the 
course of which he said — 

It is ul" tho utmost importacce that the Society ahould possess 
an adequate and weli-choscn library. And none will be more 
valuable than a good assemblage of county histories. I believe 
that the price of ArchEeological books is very much upon the 
increase in this country, one of our greatest riv^s-in the 
book-mai-ket being America. Indeed, if Tliat-keray may be 
believed, the Americana have manifested a greater interest in 
the Archieological curiosities of their mother-country than we 
have done ourselves. It is a subject of congratulation, how- 
ever, that a different spirit is now growing up, and that v;v 
have amongst the Members of this Society men who feel (i 
pleasure in preserving the remnants of the past. Distin- 
guiKhed among these is Mr, Beresford Hope, To him we 
the preservation of the Abbey of St. Augustine's, which, 
at the time he purchased it, was devoted to the purposes of a 
pnbUc-house. I will not say anything of the glorious and 
benevolent purposes to which it is now devoted in the promo- 
tion of the ChriBtia.n faith ; but, looking at it in the lower light 
of its Archteological interest, in giving our thanks to va- 
rious gentlemen for their efforts in aid of the Society's objects, 
we must not omit to thank, also, the Honourable Member for 
Maidstone, for having preserved one of the most beautiful spe- 
cimens in Kent of ancient ecclesiastical architecture. 

With your leave I will now move the tenth Resolution. 

" That the thanks of this Society be given to Joseph Howard, Esii.. 
and Alfred J. Dunkiu, Esq., for their coutributions to the library." 

[Carried nnaniinously,] 

The Noble Chairman — 

Although it is not recorded in any special Resolution, I ain 
sure that you will all heartily concur with me in ratifying the 
remarks which have been made by the last speaker (Sir Walter 
James) with reference to one of our most distinguished Mem- 
bers, Mr. Beresford Hope. I am Hure, also, that you will not 
find fault with me if, before I sit down, I take the opportunity 
of propo.siug that we record upon the Minutes of this our 



Ivi 



KENT AHCH^OLOGICAL SOCIEXy. 



Inaugural Meeting our best and most cordial thanks to oar 
excellent Secretary, Mr. Larking. I am sure that all who have 
the pleasure of knowing hini will bear witueas with me to the 
indefatigable efforts which he h&is mado in the formation uf our 
Archseoiogical Society for Kent, To the science of Archeology 
Mr. Larking has devoted himself, not only in this matter, but 
it has engHged his attention and talent all his life ; and I am 
sure that you will join with me in congratulating ouraelveB 
upon having such an able Secretary, and that you will record 
amongst your votes this day your most cordial thanks to Mr. 
Larking. I propose therefore, as a last Resolution, — 

" That the thanks of this Meeting are due, and are hereby tendered 
to the Bev. Lambert B. Larking, for his invaluable services iu the 
formation of this Society." 

[Carried unanimously.] 

The Rev. L. B. Laeking, in returning thanks, said — 

My Lord, Ladies, and Gentlemen, — If I could have antici- 
pated your Lordship's kind proposal, or the way in which yon. 
Ladies and Gentlemen, have received it, I should have come 
prepared to acknowledge it in better terms than 1 now can 
attempt. It has come upon me most unexpectedly, and I can 
only now assure you that I thank you from my heart. If I 
have worked hard, I am amply repaid ; for I believe there 
never has been a similar Society which, in so short a time 
from its commencement, has enrolled so large a number of 
Members, or which could among them, in that brief apace, 
enumerate such distingnished names as we can : yet we mnat 
not forget that mere numbers do not constitute a Society, — 
there must be work, — honest, hearty, zealous work. Looking, 
however, at the list of our associates, many of them highly 
eminent for their literary labours, I cannot but hope and be- 
lieve that the fruits which we produce will be abundant and 
satisfactory. Our younger Members I would specially eihort 
to ardour and diligence in studying our science ; and I would 
ask them to give us the fruits of that diligence in contributions i 
to our volume, the more numerous the better. If they are dif- ' 
fident from inerperience, I would remind thera of a moat ex- 
uellent and interesting publication, which every Member uf onr j 
Society ought to take in, ' Notes and Queries,' a weekly perio- 
dical, which will admit short contributions. Try your powers 



I 



I 



THE INAUGURAL MEETING. Ivii 

ia deBcribing any jnterestmg relic of the past in your own 
neiglibourhoods, and send the description to that paper ; yon 
will BOon acquire confidence for greater achievements. Bnt, 
above all, remember that the sole object of your researches 
oQght to be Truth. Have as many theories as you please, — 
I have had thousands in my time, — but always be ready (as I 
hare been) to discard them at once, even the moat long-che- 
rished ones, the moment you find the Troth opposed to them. 
Without this devotion to Truth, we are nothing but frivolona 
triflers, There is abundance of material for you to work upon; 
indeed, throughout the county of Kent there are so many ob- 
jects of intense interest to the antiquary, that it is difficult at 
this moment to select any one for special remark. Within a 
short walk from the spot where we stand, the relics of the past 
are scattered, thick as the herbage on which you tread, and 
theso, not of one race of conquerors only, but of every succeB- 
sive one that has planted itself here, — Celtic, Soman, Saxon, 
Norman, or whatever other early races may be named as having, 
in primeval times, peopled this county. Of the latter period 
— the Norman, or nearly so — we have close to us Allington 
Castle, that most interesting of ruins, of which we have actual 
records dating as far back as the time of Henry II. ; in after- 
times the seat, in successive generations, of the three illustrious 
Wyats ; subsequently of Sir John Astley and hia greater rela- 
tive, that true and loyal cavalier, the Lord Astley ; it has finally 
become the property of a family which can enumerate among 
its ancestors that most eminent antiquary and loyalist Sir John 
Maraham, and now represented by a noble Earl who thoroughly 
appreciates the value of these venerable walls as historical re- 
lics, and who has earned the gratitude of antiquaries by sparing 
them from further demolition. Then, again, we have in this 
neighbourhood another historical mansion, in whose past we 
shall find abundant materials for our volume, " Leeds Castle," 
famons for having barred out the " she-wolf of France " (Isa- 
bel, consort of Edward II.). There are many other similar 
objects of historical interest, all within a walk, which I have 
not time to enumerate ; and I cannot better conclude than by 
hoping that you may all share with me in the feelings of the 
poet (Webster) : 

" I do love thrae aucient nuna, — 

We iievc^ tread upon them, but we set 

Oar foot upDQ tome revereud history." 



KEXT AHCnJlOLOGICAL SOCIETT. 



James Whatman, Esq., M.P., then rose to propose 
the last llesolution, and spoke as follows ; — 

I will now, with the peniiisaion of the Meetmg, trespass very 
shortly on your time, by requesting your attention for a very 
few moments to two points which I think have not been noticed. 
I wiil not attempt to enlarge upon them, becaase our time is 
passing on, and many of tbe company will be unable to remain 
here much longer. 

The first point to which I would advert is the publications of 
the Society. I have this year had the honour to be elected an 
Auditor of the parent Society, the Society of Antiquaries of 
Loudon, and in this way it has come to my knowledge that the 
expense of the publication of tho Society's most valuable work, 
the ' Archteologia,' has been iu some years very large, and has 
in fact exceeded the amount which even that Society's compa- 
ratively large income would justify. Now this excess has not 
been caused by the publication, but by the illustrations to the 
work. Every contributor of a valuable or interesting Paper is 
naturally anxious that it should be well illustrated, and the 
Publishing Committee arc equally anxious to embelhsh their 
work, and to render it as important and complete as possible j 
I would therefore suggest that those amongst us who are most 
ambitious for the publication of their contributions, should either 
contribute or induce their friends to contribute the expense of 
the illustrations. In this way our annual volume may be hand- 
somely cmbelhshed, the finances of the Society will be main- 
tained in a flourishing state, and each Member will receive a 
handsome book for his very small annual subscription. 

With regard to the other points, we have heard a great deal 
of the higher objects and considerations involved in the pursuit 
of ArchBBology, and therefore I shall not say one word upon 
them ; but I will briefly invite attention to the practical bene- 
fits which result from the institution of such Societies s-s this. 
Those associations are all more or less instrumental in encou- 
raging a desire for, and in promoting, the progress of educa- 
tion, and that improvement of wliich we are still much in need. 
Until lately England was considered, iu works of ai-t connected 
with taste, to be far behind her Continental neighbours, but 
that distance is diminishing, and tho opening of the Great 
Exhibition, the Crystal Palace, the Manchester Exhibition, the 



THE INAUGURAL MEETING. 



lix 



Government Schools of Design, -and exh-ibitions of art in va- 
rious parts of the country, have produced a better state of 
things, a better understandiug of merit in matters of taste, 
and a more just appreciation of excellence and beauty; and 
whilst this iuiprovcDient has opened greater means of enjoy- 
ment to the multitude, it has been of no small advantage and 
encouragement to those who depeud upon ti'ades and profes- 
sions 80 far as they are influenced by the development of taste. 

In giving assistance therefore to such institutions as this, we 
are aiding that general progress and improvement which have 
already made considerable advance in our country, which will 
aid iu still farther developing her great resources. 

It now only remains for me to propose a Resolution, in which 
I feel that I may anticipate your hearty concurrence ; it is — 

" THat tlie cordial thanks of the Society be given to the Most 
Uouourable the MarqueHs Camdeu, K.G., our President, for his kind 
and Taluable eiertiona in completing our organization, and oapeciully 
for the services he baa rendered us in peraonnlly pregiding nt this 
our Inaugimtl Meeting." 

The Marquess Camden, in acknowledging the compli- 
ment, said — 

Although I cannot pretend to possess much knowledge of 
the science of Archteology, yet 1 shall have great pleasure in 
becoming the pupil of Mr. Larking, and will do my best to 
learn its mysteries. Being, as I am, a member of the Sussex 
Apcheeological Society, and seeing what has been effected in 
that county, I have long desired to have a similar Association 
established in Kent, and it has afforded me great gratification 
to see how well the Society has commenced its operations, I 
will make one observation in conclusion, viz. that if our So- 
ciety's publicjition.'i can be exchanged with those of other 
Associations of this nature, the value and interest of our 
library will be greatly increased ; and I hope that we shall find 
that other Archajological Societies will readily co-operate with 
us in establishing an interchange of our respective publica- 
tions, and in united efforts for the furtherance of the science. 



KEKT ARCn^OLOGICAL SOCIETT. 



t 



ANNUAL MEETING. 

The first Annual General Meeting of the Society was 
held at Canterbury, 30th July, 1858. It was attended 
by— 

The Marquess Camden, K.6., Preaident ; The Ladies Fmnecs 
and Caroline Pratt ; The Countess of Abergaveuny ; The Hou. 
Ralph Nevill ; The Lady Caroline NeriU ; The Hon. Thomas 
Lloyd Mostyn, M.P. ; The Lady Augusta Mostyu ; The Eai-1 
Stanhope ; The Earl and Countess of Damley ; The Ear! 
Amhei-st; A. J. B. Bereaford Hope, Esq., M.P., The Lady 
Mildred Hope, and party; The Hon. James Byng; Tho 
Hon. Mrs. Byng; The Hon. and Rev. Sir Francis J. Sta- 
pleton, Bart. ; The Hon. Lady Stapleton ; The Misses' Sta- 
pleton 1 The Hon. Florence Boscaweii ; Lady Mansel; The 
Misses Mansc'I; Sir Brook Bridges, Bart., M.P. ; Sir Norton 
Knatchlmll, Bart.; Sir Walter Stirhng, Bart.; Sir Walter 
James, Bart. ; Sii" Charles Locock, Bart. ; James Wliatnian, 
Esq., M.P. ; J. Warre, Esq., M.P., and family ; ITie Very Rev. 
the Dean of Canterbury, and family ; The Ven. Archdeacon 
Harrison, and family ; The Rev. Canon Stone ; The Rev. CauoD 
Chesshyro j The Rev. Professor Stanley ; ITie Mayor of Canter- 
bury; J.Wingfield Stratford, Esq.; J.'Espinasae.Esq.; J. Savage, 
Esq., and family ; Admiral Marsham, and family ; Edward Rice, 
Esq. ; Arthur Pott, Esq. ; Joseph Ridgway, Esq., and family j 
Rev, W. Smith Marriott, and family j Alderman Salomons ; G, 
W. Norman, Esq., and family; Matthew Bell, Esq. ; J. Na- 
smyth, Esq., and family; C. Powell, Esq., and family; W. 
Cook, Esq., and family; F. Swaun, Esq., and family; The 
Mayor of Rochester; George Dering, Esq., and family; J. 
Crosby, Esq.; Rev. J. C. Robertson, and family; The Rev. G. 
B. Moore, and family; The Revs. M. Onslow, J. M. Rice, J. 
Riddel), Jacob Mar.sham, Dr. Welldon, G. Rashleigh, Tatton 
Brockman, and more than three hundred others, members and 
friends. 

The MAitQUESS Camden, K.G., President of the Sucietj-, 
took the Chair at the Guildhall, at eleven o'clock. 

On the Table were exhibited : — 1. A large collection 
of Slixou Relics, Fibuliu. llorse-trappLugs, etc., of extreme 



THE FIRST AMKDAL MEETING. 

beauty and ranty (for an account of which we refer our 
readers lo Mi'. Eaach Smitli's Paper, and its accompany- 
ing illustrations, in the present Volume). They are the 
property of W. Gibbs, Esq,, of Faversham, by whose aa- 
siditouB exertions these most valuable relics were disco- 
vered and preserved. 2. A Saxon Spear, Umbo, Twee- 
zers, aud Drinking-glass, discovered in widening the road 
at the foot of Wye Downs, and exhibited by permission 
of J. Sawbridge Drax, Esq., — whose property they are 
as Lord of the Manor of Wye. As well as — 3. A Saxon 
Spear-head, found by the side of a perfect skeleton, in 
an excavation made by C. Roach Smith, Esq., and the 
Honorarj' Secretary on Wye Downs, in May last. 4. A 
very beautiful and rare specimen of a Saxon Drinking- 
glass, excavated at Westwell, on the property of Miss 
Chapman, who had kindly sanctioned the purchase of 
this relic for the Society through the instrumentality of 
Thomas ITiurston, Esq., our active and zealous Local 
Secretary at A-shford. 5. A splendid Gold Necklace, 
and other Roman relics discovered in a tomb at South- 
fleet, in 1801, were exliibited by Rev. G. Rashleigh, 
Rector of Horton Kirby. 6. A most cmious Gold Me- 
dieval Armillarj' Ring, by E. Reader, Esq., of Sandwich ; 
it consisted of eight lings, one within the other, each 
having a portion of the follovring sentence engraved 
Hpon it. 

1. Riches be an- 6, Love wil 

2. stable and bevty 6. ever last til 

3. wyll dekfty 7. Death dryve 

4. but faythfull 8. It away. 

7. W. Gibbs, Estj., and Mr. Kadwell, each contributed 
^Tirious Rubbings of Brasses from Kent Churches. 8. 
A Charter of the Earl of Huntingdon, husband of Juli- 
ana de Leyboume, tt>mp. Ed. III., was exhibited by J. J. 
Howard. Esq. 9. T. Willemcnt, Esq., exhibited some 
bcantifiil drawings of miual piiintings recently diwovercd 



Ixii KENT AJtCHJiOLOGiCAL soritmr, 

in Faversham Church. 10. The Ilononirj' Sccri^tary ex- 
hibited a coUection of Anglo-Saxon and Nonnan and 
other Charters, Monastic Accounts, etc., of tho ninth, 
tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth cen- 
turies, including an Autograph Letter of William of 
Wykeham, with some beautiful specimens of early Seals, 
chiefly from the collection at Surrenden, 

Tlie Noble Chairman opened the business of the day 
by warmly congratulating the Members on tlie fiourisli- 
ing condition of the Society: — 

AHhough the Society {said hia Lordship) has been in I'Sist- 
ence httle more than tea months, the members already niimbor 
six hundred. While, on the oiie hand, so strong an interest is 
thus exhibited in the study of Arcbaeolog'y, on the other, the 
Society is most fortnnate in possessing a singuhirly favourable 
field for their investigations. At the Inangnral Meeting at 
Maidstone, it was observed by Professor Stanley, that Kent 
was the comer-stone of England. The county is peculiarly 
rich in memorials of the past. In its ancient cities, many 
valuable remains of former times exist, and furnish matter of 
study for the historian and the archBeologist, while in its fertile 
fields, continual discoveries ai-e made of rehcs of its former in- 
habitants ; there are many of them of very ancient dat« and 
surpassingly interesting. It is the great advantage and merit 
of societies like this, that they preserve, for public instruction, 
these valuable objects which would otherwise be lost or de- 
stroyed. Upon this subject I am much tempted to speak fur- 
ther, but as a very short time only can be afforded for this morn- 
ing's meeting, I will not detain you by many more observations. 
I only regret that you have not one more worthy than myself 
to preside over you on this occasion ; but my duties are greatly 
hghtencd by the circumstance that the Cathedral, with the 
many objects of high interest it contains, will be shown tiO the 
Meeting by one who, to our great regret, has been lately lost 
to this city and county, but who is gone to perhaps a wider 
sphere for his abiUties,^! mean Professor Stanley. Mr. JSercs- 
ford Hi^po will accompany you to the Monastery of St. Atigua- 
tinu'«; yon will see the ancient Church of St. Martin, under 
tliu ^itdnnce of the Reverend the Rector, Canon Chesshvro, 



THli FIlifiT ASNTAI, MEETING. IxUl 

and Ricliard Uussey, Esq. ; and tbe Caatle, the Walla, aud tho 
Gates of tho City, onder that of Frank Masters, Esq. 

The Noble President having read letters of regret for 
unavoidable absence, from Viscount and Viscounteas 
Falmouth ; Lord Talbot de Malahide ; W. Deedes, Esq., 
M.P. ; C. Wykeham Martin, Esq., M.P. ; The Hon. H. 
Butler Johnstone, M.P. ; and the Provost of Oriel, 
Canon Hawkins, — called upon the Honorary Secretaiy 
to read — 



THE KEPOKT. 

" Three montliB only having elapsed since the last Qeneral Meeting 
{at Maiilstoae, April 14), tlierc rauat necesBarily be very little to re- 
port of tbe Society's proceedlags ; yet the Beport, such aa it ie, in 
iiidicative of Hucceasful progress. 

" A Meeting of the Couocil was held on the 10th of June, at tbe 
residonce of the Marquesa Camden, in Carlton-house Gnrdcna. It 
waa very fully attended, and transacted much important busineaa. 

" At thia Meeting, the appointments of the Honorary Members, 
liOcal Secretaries, and Trustees were confirmed. Directiona were 
gireu for the investment of tho Life Compositiona, amounting to 
£205, in the Sew Three-per-Cent. Stock — which ba« aiuce been 
done. A Comuiittee of Munagement, consisting of The Dean of 
Canterbiirj- ; The Mayor of Canterbury ; The Archdeacon of Maid- 
atone ; The Eev. Canon Cheeshyre ; E. i'oas, Esq. ; The Eev. J. C. 
Robertson ; Tbo Bcv. J. Wrench ; M. Bell, Eaq., (Mr. Fobs being 
Chairmnn.) was appointed to direct the proceediuga of the Annual 
Meeting, which wns fiied for the 30th of July. 

" It was resolved that a volume of Tranaactiona be forthwith priated 
in royal Syo, by Mr. J. E. Taylor, Little Queen Sfreet, London. 

"The South Kensington .\ re hi tectum I Jruseum and the Kilkenny 
Archaeological Society were taken into union. 

" Twenty-nine candidates were elected, by which the number of 
Membera admitted eince our establishment in September, 1R57, 
amounts to 561. We have at preaent the names of 41 candidates 
for admission on our hooka. Should they he elected, the number 
will then have reached 600— all electod in leaa than a single year. 
Some deduction, however, must be made from this amount by deaths, 
pte. We have to lament tho loss, since September, 1857. of John 
Bwnchley, Esq. ; W. C. Kingsford, Esq. ; The Eev. F. Barrow ; Tho 
Bev. G. Boissicr ; T. Starr, Esq. ; and T. Caniell, Esq. 



hdv KEST AscnxoumcxL socwrr. 

" With regard to our funds, we bave £212. 2#. UW. X.-w TW»- 
p^r-Cent, Annuitirs pnrchtued with the above-meatioued £205. The 
Bccouata will bo audited, and a bnlaiice-Bhet^t printiv] in <mr Snt 
Volume. The Auditora not haring yet beea npixnuted. it baa been 
found impoasible to present these accounts in detail nt this Mei^nj;: 
it will be Bufficifnt to Btat« tbat our Bankers' bookfl aliow n baJanoo 
of £140, 

" The printer is fast progres«iag with our fiml Volume. We liam 
also to report that contributions to the amount of £iJO have been 
mtide to the fund for providing iUuiitnitionfl for the Vulume, and ne 
hope that this sum may be largely incrcsMnl at the present ^fccting, 
that we ntuy be enabled to produce a book which shall do honour to 
the county. 

"It is a great grati6catioo to report that pKsenta of books faave 
been made by various uiembers, which will be gratefully acknowWgrd 
by the Council when they nest meet, and will form a oucleufl for the 
intended library of our Institution. 

"Thus, with an available balance in hand, and the second yeta'* 
aubacriptiouB being reir shortly due, our linancea may be considered 
in a prosperous state : and in every point of view the Society may 
congratulate itself on its present position and prospects, 

" Encouraging aa this atate of things ia, it must not be forgotten 
tliat every energy will be requisite in all our Members to bring the 
Societj- into that state of permanent prosperity and uscfulncea whicli 
wo hope it will in succeeding years attain." 



The Hon. J. M. BjTig was then elected nne of the 
A'ice-Presidents of the Society. J. Savage, Esq., and J. 
N. Dudlow, Esq., were appointed Auditors. The exist- 
ing Council was re-elected ; John Bruce, Esq., V.P.S.A., 
being substituted for Albert Way, Esq., who, owing to 
his being a non-resident in the county, had expressed a 
wish to retire ; and forty-one new Members were elected. 

'ITie noble President next submitted a list of twenty- 
one Papers which had been already received or promised, 
by — The liev. Professor Stanley; E. Foss, Esq., F.S.A, ; 
R. Husscy. Esq.. F.S.A. ; K. Blencowe. Esq. ; T. Wil- 
lemenl, Esq., F.S.A. ; 'ITie Rev. Bealc Poste; C. Roach 
Smitli, Esq. ; Major Lnard ; C. Wykeham Martin, Esq. ; 
anfl the Honorar)' Secretaiy. 



THE FIRST ANNUAL MEETING. 



Ixv 



Bnt as most of the company {observed the President) aro, 
donbtlesB] impatient to go over tlie Cathedral, under the able 
guidance of Professor Stanley, I shall only desire one to be 
read, viz, that which has been kindly sent to us by C. Hoach 
8mith, Esq., on the beautiful relics which we see before ua. 

Major MuNN accordingly read the Paper, which it 
will be unnecessary to repeat here, as it is printed in 
full, with its illustrations, in the present Volume. 

After the reading of this highly interesting Paper, — 

Thanks were voted to the Mayor and Corpoi-ation of 
Canterbury, for the accommodation they had given to 
the Society in the use of the Council Chamber and 
Guildhall ; 

To the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury, for their 
cordial welcome to the Society ; 

To the Dii-ectors and Managers of the South-Eaatem 
Railway Company, for the liberal accommodation they 
had afforded to the Society by granting special trains 
at a reduced expense ; 

To the Exhibitors of the splendid and curious relics 
produced this day, \iz. — Rev. G. Rashleigh ; W. Gibbs, 
Esq. ; T. Thui-ston, Esq. ; T. Willement, Esq. ; C. Kad- 
well, Esq. ; J, J. Howai'd, Esq. ; E. Reader, Esq. ; and 
the Honorary Secretary. 

Thanks were then voted to the Marquess Camden, for 
his kindness in taking the Chair on this occasion, on the 
proposal of A. P, Andrews, Esq., seconded by Sir Brook 
Bridges, Bart. 

After a few words of acknowledgment from The Very 
R*v, the Dean and the Noble Marquess, tlie company 
proceeded to the Cathedral, through which the Rev. 
Professor Stanley, author of the ' Historical Memorials 
of Canterbury,' was announced to conduct them. 

The Rev. Professor, accompanied by the Very Rev. the Dean, 
first took his stand in the chapter-house. After a brief de- 
scription of that beautiful building itself, and calling attention 



lx\i 



KENT ARCH^Or/)GrCAL ROCIFH-. 



to the work of restoration now going on, he conducted 1 
compRny first to a position in the cloisters, where tliey C 
realize the rush of the monks into the cathedriil when I 
knights were in pursuit of Becket, and thence went into I 
' Martyrdom ' itself. Mr. Stanley tmct'd the conrao taki 
the Archbishop from the palace, when he was obliged, I 
urgent entreaties of the monks, to take refuge in the eathec 
Half-carried, half-drawn, the Archbishop was borne alo 
northern and eastern cloisters, crying out, " Let mo f 
not drag me," until at kst the door of the lower north t 
eept of the cathedral was reached, when the monks from withi 
who had been distiirbed at their vespers, cried, " Come i 
come in, and let us die together," The Archbishop r 
saying, " Go and finish the service ; so long as you remain i 
the entrance I shall not come in." The monks immediat^jH 
fell back a few paces — Becket entered the cathedral, the dool 
was closed and barred, and he was in the act of resisting the 
solicitations of those about him to move into the choir for 
safety, when a loud knocking was made by the frightonod 
monks without. Ho immediately darted back, catling (dot 
as he went, " Away, you cowards : by virtue of your t 
dience I command you not to shut the dottr — the chc 
must not be turned into a castle." With his own hai 
eventually unfastened the door, and drew the excluded i 
into the building, exclaiming, "Come in, come in-^1 
faster!" The Professor having passed into the cathedral by 
the same door through which Becket entered, the company 
collected in the ' Martj-rdom,' when be observed that this spot, 
which ever since the year 1170 had been called the 'Martyr- 
dom,' had a very different appearance then from that which it 
now presented. At that time the architecture was entirely 
Norman, and great changes had since taken place in the a ~ 
rangeraent. The Deans' Chapel, then called the Chapel of S 
Benedict, was rather smaller than at present, and there v 
another chapel above it, called the Chapel of St, Blaise, 
Michael's Chapel, in the south transept, still presented a s 
lar arrangement. Between the walla there stood a pillar so] 
porting a gallery, whif^h probably communicated with the Chi 
pel of St. Blaise. There were two flights of steps, c 
Mun« place where the present Sight existed, and one in tb) 
nonier oppoeitc the door. When Becket entered he was mq 



THE FIRST ANNUAL MEETING. 



Ixvii 



by the monks coming down the latter flight of steps from the 
altar, where service had been going on. Immediately after- 
wards they perceived the knights following him, and they all 
fled except four, who renewed their entreaties that he would 
escape ; and they persuaded Ti'm to go up the stairs for the 
purpose of secreting himself in the roof; but the object of the 
Archbishop was to seat himself in the patriarchal chair, in 
■which ho and all his predecessors froni time im.memorial had 
been enthroned. He had reached the fourth step when the 
knights entered. At this time of the year (the 29th of Decem- 
ber) the days were short, and in the twilight (the pillar above 
described being in the way) the knights did not at first see 
him, Reginald Fitzurse shouted out, " Where is the traitor?" 
When Becket did not reply, he asked, " Where is the Arch- 
bishop ?" and Becket replied, " Here am 1 ; no traitor, but the 
Archbishop and priest of God — what do you wish ?" He had 
but one monk with him, for the others had made their escape. 
The knights at first attempted to carry him out, in order to 
avoid committing sacrilege, which they evidently considered a 
greater crime than murder. The Archbishop clung to the pil- 
lap, and successfully resisted their efforts. In the struggle he 
nsed some violent language to Fitzurse, who drew his sword 
and struck him. The others also fell upon him, and the last 
blow, which was upon the head, and laid bare the scalp, was 
given by Richard le Bret, with such force that the sword snap* 
ped in two on the marble pavement. The Archbishop fell on 
the spot occupied by the stone near the wall, which is pointed 
out to visitors, and from which a square piece lias been cut, 
according t-o tradition, for transmission to Rome. Certain it ia 
that the Pope sent legates to procure relics of the murder, in 
order to the Archbishop's canonization, and they were to bring 
away the handkerchief stained with blood, which is yet pre- 
served at Rome, with the stono on which the brains were scat- 
tered. The IVofessor had seen the handkerchief at the church 
of Sta. Maria Maggiore, at Rome ; and whether the stone now 
on the spot was there at the time of the murder or not, at all 
events its position exactly accorded with that of a tall man fall- 
ing from the pillar, as had been described. A small wooden 
altar was erected some years afterwards against the adjoining 
wall, and this probably caused the rumour of St. Thomas having 
faUen by the high altar, the only "altar" which was thought 



Ixviii 



KEKT ARCHJiOLOGICAL SOCTETT. 



of at that time. The morning after the murder, the knights 
having sent word to aay that if the body were not taken away 
they would drag it through the town, the monks buried it in 
the crypt, where it remained for fifty years. The Rev. Geutle- 
inan then sliglitly alloded to other topics of interest in the 
' MartjTdom,' to the tomb of Archbishop Peckiam (temp. 
Henry III. and Edward I.}, and that of Wareham, Cranmer'a 
predecessor, who died at St. Stephen's, and to the Deans' 
Chapel, where the Deans are buried. 

Professor Stanley next proceeded to the crypt, and having 
taken his stand in the circnlar portion, resumed his narrative. 
He regretted that Professor Willis was not present to describe 
the alterations which had been made in this part of the cathe- 
dra]. Time did not allow him (Professor Stanley) to enter into 
architectural details, and ho must, therefore, content himself 
with referring his hearers to Professor Willis's book. The first 
part of the crypt was, however, in much the same state now as 
on the night of the murder. There always did exist a crypt in 
the cathedral, and it was remarkable as being the earliest crj'pt 
in England. The Saxon cathedral built here by St. Augustine 
was modelled from the old church of St. Peter at Rome, and 
the crypt was thus a direct imitation of the catacombs at Rome, 
in which the early Christians took refuge from their persecutors. 
The body of St. Thomas Becket was buried behind the Chapel 
of the Virgin, very much in the spot where he (the speaker) 
was standing. A shrine was built in the first instance with 
apertures through which the coffin containing the body might 
bo seen, and hither for fifty years the pilgrims flocked. Here 
also was the scene of the penance of Henry II., who on this 
spot received three hundred lashes or more from the monks. 
The circular portion of the crypt was built to support IVinity 
Chapel, in which the shrine of the Archbishop was placed, aa 
nearly as possible over the spot where his body was bnried. 

The company next assembled on the steps leadiug to the 
choir, where the Professor pointed out the various monumenta 
in the aisles. The south transept now presented the same 
arrangement of steps as in the north transept on the night of 
the murder, and St. Michael's Chapel the same arrangement of 
a smaller chapel above as then existed in the Chapel of St. 
Benedict. 

Proceeding into the choir, the Professor called attention to 



THE FIRST ANNU^U, MEETINO. Ixix 

the moDumenta sevorally, entering into higlily interesting bis- 
toricul details. He then passed into Trinity Chapel, and indi- 
cated the spot where the shrine of St. Thomas was placed — 
immediately in the centre of the platform, Some idea of its 
appearance might be obtained by looking at the shrine of Ed- 
ward the ConfesBor in Westminster Abbey, which was the only 
shrine now existing in England. Here the pilgrims came and 
ranged themselves before the ehrine, and on some of the flag- 
stones might be seen marks of the places where they must have 
knelt. The only contemporary representation of the shrine in 
existence was in one of the adjoining windows. The Arch- 
bishop waa there represented as looking ont upon one of the 
patients who came to be cured. All the designs in these win- 
dows represented supposed miraculous cures. The first histo- 
rical personage buried here after St. Thomas Becket was Ed- 
ward the Black Prince, whose Will existed, and from that Will 
every particular of the tomb itself might bo verified. The Pro- 
fessor described the various memorials of the Black Prince, and 
the remaining tombs in the chapel, including that of Henry IV., 
who was the only king that had been brought to Canterbury 
for sepulture. 

The company then proceeded outside the cathedral, to what 
vras formerly the great quadrangle or court of the monasteryj 
where Mr. Stanley concluded his interesting addi-esa. In closing 
his remarks the Professor said he did not know why the Dean 
or Archdeacon Harrison should not rather than himself have 
undertaken the duty which iad that day devolved upon him, 
but the request having been made to him, he could not resist 
the pleasure of renewing, though for ao short a time, his asso- 
ciations with scenes which he had always regarded with so deep 
an interest. He would now "break his wand," and resign it 
to the Dean for all future occasions. 

The Marquess Camden felt sure he should anticipate 
the wish of every one present iu proposing their hearti- 
est thanks to Professor Stanley for the vei^ eloquent 
address he had so kindly delivered. He had said that 
he would break his wand, but he {the Mai-quess) was 
sure the Dean would be happy to receive it unbroken. 
In conveying their thanks to Professor Stanley, they 



u% 



ucRjcm/KECAL eocmr. 




I not aroid egpirmag their regret that be ww no 
r n mbabftaiit of the cunntj of Kmt 
e Very Bev. the Dean, in the name of the company, 
id Ua beart;^ thaaka to Mr. SCanlry, and rapinwd 
! that be would, oo many more occaaims of the 
, be ^caKd to condnct tbem to lee the beauties of 
be l^oriooa catbednil. 
f^ora tbc Cathedral, the company poawd to St. Augus- 
' V wbere Mr. Beresfbrd Hope gratified them with a 
I and detailed accoont of the early history of 
Monastery, its mbfeqaent deaccnttiou, and the re- 
t reatoratioiu to munificently completed by him»el£ 

Baring taken op bis ponitioa on tbe tenace, od tbe north 
Me i4 iht qawlrvngle, m trvat of tbe Ktndcnts' dormitory, Mr. 
BRrfMffrrd H<ipe first trestcnl of the biatory of the ablwn-, nnd 
then procpcdftd U> demchhe the proce«i( of restomtion, and the 
pnment cmiliti'm iif the ImiLding. 8t. Angaetine, wIid arrirmi 
htm in 'rdfi, nnd whrxio fimt c*>nvert wa^ KtbelbeK, Kin^ ut 
K»nt, fimndfid h*?re, witbrmt the city, the Ai)b(!y of St. I'cter 
iind Ht. I'ltal fur tbu ncpnlttirv of the abbots and loRgB, intra- 
miinil iotormont iMnafi; thtm, aa it bad Qnder a recent enoct- 
ini-nt \ivirome, ilbrga). In tbc counie of tiinc the abbey (^dn- 
ally iMKumed thu name uf its foondur, and ax it increased in 
f>[)iilt'n''e, it Ht*KJii for wnno time in opposition to tbe calhrdra], 
both in the (frnndeiir of iti> omamenttt and tbe number of monks 
who inbabitcnl it. It wan tbc (rigbtb Archbishop of Canterbury 
who fir"t paire up bwiijf buriud bore and chose the eathedml. 
Mr. Hereford Hope pointed ont tbe site of tbe great abbey 
rhiirch, whiflh had all th(? nttributcR of n ciithedraJ, of Etbel- 
burt'tt Tower, of the (freat refectory, etc. etc. A few years ago 
ciTtAiii fouodationa of tbe refectory were in existence, by which 
moittiN tbu ory|it wiw aecunttely restored. An accurate gauge 
wftN then obtttined i)f tbo iipartmenf. above, and thus tbe whole 
building wan nii«ed on llic plnn of tbc old one, and now fi.rmcd 
tbe libniry of thu college, tbo winduwii in tbe now librarj- being 
t-upicd fnim tbimo of MnyficOd I'ttloee, in 8aseex, a building 



onitemporary with tbt* guteway. 

Iteriufurd llopi' Iben led llie way round tbe various 
In tbe course of hia 



R))DUt 



baildingK, d4-*mliing i 



THE FIRST ANKBAL MBETraG. 



Ixxi 



remarks ho referred in highly complimontary terms to the ubi- 
lity of Mr. Butterfield, nnder whose direction the restorations 
wore made. One side of the quadrangloj appropriated to ths 
students' dormitory, was original, and was a worthy monument 
of Mr. Butterfield'a genius. The pavement was remarkiible oa 
eontainiiig encaustic tiles which were an exact copy of some 
found in the crypt. Though this portion of the building stood 
on fresh ground, there was doubtless in former times a range 
of buildings pai'allel to it, though at a greater distance. The 
principal mass of the western aide, including the great gateway, 
the hall, and kitchen beneath, and the chapel, were either un- 
touched, or restored so closely as to render them objects of 
archiBological interest. Further to the south, on the west side, 
came the warder's lodge and the fellows' buildings, which were 
perfectly new constructions, but built in strict architectural 
harmony with the older portions. In its present aspect the 
whole building resembled one of the colleges of the Universities 
— and thiBso were a class of buildings which in their general 
distribution had a family Ukeuess to the ancient monasteries : 
in the one, as in the other, the church or chapel, the refectory, 
the Ubrary, and the various lodgings, composed the different 
buildings, which were usually grouped round one or more quad- 
rangles. Besides, in the imperfect state of commerce then 
existing the monasteries were compelled to have great store- 
houses, brewhouses, etc., not from habits of excess, but because 
modern facilitiea of purchase did not then exist. Of the chapel 
(standing over a crypt which itself was on the ground-level), 
which was originally the " guest chapel," some portion was 
original, including the western triplet in the Early-Enghah 
style. In devoting it to its actual destination it was made 
about half as long again as it originally hud been, and in build- 
ing the rest the middle style of Gothic, which was well known 
to be the most perfect style, had been adopted. All this was 
Mr. Butterfield'a work. The stained glass was executed by 
Mr. Willement, a member of the Society, — who might be 
claimed as a " man of Kent." The stalls, in two ranges on 
each side, recalled the arrangements of college chapela and 
cathedral choirs. The pavement under the altar was a literal 
copy of that under the liigh altar of Poimtains Abbey, in York- 
shire, which, although the abbey itself was in a very ruinous 
coudition, still existed. Passing to the college hall adjoining. 



Ixxii 



KENT ARCIUEOLOGICAL SOCIETT. 



n 



whk-li 8toud at the top of Uie same etoQe staircaao as the chapel, 
Mr. Bereaford Uope remarked tjiat tliia was originally the re- 
ft-ctory for thtt f^ivBts. The roof was original, and in ntlicr 
nvspocts thti appdaranop of the ball was ho tittle chaug^, that 
in this they had an actual spectra(>n of tbe diiiitig-faall of an 
abbey or the house of a gK&t lord, which were much aliko at 
that day. It had beeu converted into a tarem, and miscrobhr 
disfigured, but indications remained by which the windows 
were accurately restored. Proceeding to the ruins of an exter- 
nal wall, which was formerly the internal wall of the north aislo 
of the nave of the abbey church, Mr. Bereaford Hope said that 
this was a palace in the time of Charles 1., and hiTe it was that 
he first met his quetjn, Henrietta-Maria. She was married 
ahroad by proxy, as was tbc (.-nstom then and now with rrowncd 
hewls ; she made her progress and met the Kin^ here, and this 
was the first palace tlial ill-lali-d sovereign uf oors ever occu- 
pied in England. The stylo of this fragment was early Norman, 
mad DO doubt dosely ree^nbled the original nave of the cathe- 
dml ma hmit hj Lanfiranc. Passing the rains of Ethelbert's 
TVnrer, «lik)i fanned one of the side towers of the nave of the 
aUi^ dnrch, and proceeding through the libran-, where, as 
be renuifaMl, Aere was stS\ room on the shelves for the ouo- 
tribntiotta of friends, Mr. Berasford Hope ent^ed the crypt of 
the tH nfrdory, nov used by the students for their workshops 
— • lEncnrkdge oT CHpeMers* worit beiag voiy useful for a 
■BuskmaiT. Tbt crypt had been exactly restoivd, with the 
exo^Kwn that the groins had been filled in with red brick, in 
m6et to giw a little wanoth of coloar. Belore seyaiaiing, the 
oanpany y oc e eded to tnsfwcl the atBdents* dtmitones, which 
««(« rainarfcaUe few tbeir neataeas and cooreaionoe, and fiiusicd 
by pc w upbwla tM tg' the ancwttt boMndnoes cf the rocoastecy . 

Mr. Berralbrd Hope, in the conrae of his interesting expla- 
natiooK vt the iraodnfat nwtoralioii of the Dkonasieiy, cxhilalcd 
aa wMxoBtM' libt (omijtg a mn-dial. (band Dear St. EtheIbat^i 
~ ll waa oDcawd m aa oah fi«ae oanvd bam a bean «f 

ioit * OhcK^ven' Ian, and was |««M«ifted to the P oB qga 
^IV»at. 

O of t 



TTTE FIRST ANNUAL MEETING. IxXlH 

Koman bricka to be seen in many parts of the church, 
and especially in the walls of the chancel, which are 
almost entii'ely built with them — the tomb of Queen 
Bertha in the recess on one side of the chancel, the 
baptismal font of King Ethelbert, etc. The church is 
now in excellent condition, thanks alike to the libera- 
lity and the good taste of a member of the Society, the 
Hon, Daniel Finch ; its lich-gate, its plain nave and 
chancel, with the pointed roof and low square tower, 
overgrown with ivy, and its commanding position above 
the city, all obtained special notice fi-om the party. 

A third party, under the guidance of F. Masters, Esq., 
inspected the ruins of the Castle, of which only the keep 
remains. The immense streogth of the edifice, the part 
of the old moat still remaining on the southern side, the 
loopholes on the ground and first floors {like those of 
Rochester Castle), the windows on the second and thu'd 
floors (also Uke those at Rochester), were all lucidly 
pointed out by the guide. From the Castle, the party 
went to inspect the remains of the old walls and city 
gates, which nm from Dane John to Northgate almost 
without break. The portions of the walls which show 
patches of Roman brickwork were carefully marked. 
Westgate, of course, occupied a considerable share of 
attention. Built by Archbishop Sudbuiy in the reign 
of Richard II., and the only one of the six city gates 
which still remains, its noble appeai-ancc between two 
lofty round towers erected in the river, its battlements, 
machicolations, and portcullis, were much admired by 
the sti'angers. 

During the afternoon, numerous parties, by the kind 
courtesy of Mr, Pout and Mr. Wood, visited the 'Che- 
quers ' inn in the High Street, mentioned in Chaucer as 
the resting-place of tlie pilgiims who came to ^isit tlie 
shrine of St. Thomas a Becket. The gentlemen, in 
whose occupation is this cuiious relic of a past age, 



Ixxiv 



KENT ARCILHOLOQICAL 80CICTT. 



were most obliging in leaving their business to conduct 
their visitors over the sleeping-room of the jiilgrims, 
Tlie ' Chequers ' was built iu the form of a quadrangle, 
mth an open courtyard; the suites of rooms pnijfftcd 
in front over each other, and were supported by pillars 
forming a colonnade. The vaulted ceiling under Mr. 
Wood's shop was found to be perfect, and in the same 
condition as in Chaucer's time. 

Divine Service was performed in the Cathedral at 
three o'clock, every seat being occupied from the stalls 
to the altar. Tlie music selected was from Kcutisii 
composers. 

At half-past four the Diimer took place, in the Music 
Ilall, St. Margaret's ; three humlred and ten were ac- 
commodated at the tables ; above one hundred more 
were disappointed of seats, owing to their not having 
given timely notice of their intentions to dine. 

The Marquess Camden was in the Chair, supported 
(m his right by the Countess oi' Abergavenny ; 'llie 
Mayor of Canterbury : Lady Caroline Nevill; The Earl 
of Dandey ; Hiraourablc Italph Ne%'ill ; A. B. Bcresford 
, U"pe, JJsq., and Lady Mildred Hope, etc. etc. ; and on 
fft, by the Countess of Daniley ; The Uean of Can- 
Lady Augusta Mosljii ; Karl Audiei-st ; Eiirl 
hope ; Hon, T. Lloyd Mostyn ; -.\rchdeacon Harri- 
son ; Professor Stanley, etc, etc etc. 

Our limited «pace will not permit our gi\ing all the 
■'(■lies that were made, on the removal of 
(iiuiit necessarily conline ourselves to those 
.1 upon the more peculiar objects of the 
* -The Venerable Archdeacon 
thouka for himself and the 
rwid the Clergj', said — 

Q his Cinicc (freal sutisfactioQ to 



U> knVD 



I this iluy ; 

H of wenibers iu tlie proct'eiliug^i 



I Uio i 



THE FIRST ANNUAL MEETING. 



Ixxv 



of the Socioty ; and how it promises to be one mora effectual 
bond of anion between the clergy and laity of his diocese. The 
cordial co-operation of those two chisses, wliich compose the 
Church, we all of ua feel to he our privilege, our strength, and 
our happiness. There is much, in the several duties devolving 
upon the clergy, to cause us anxiety and trouble ; and it is 
most refreshing to receive from time to time evidence that our 
labours have not boeu in vain, I am, beyond doubt, expressing 
the sentiments of many of the clergy when I say that it is a re- 
freshment to them from time to time to do as they have done 
tliis day — to come to the metropolitical city, to meet their bre- 
thren from all parts of the diocese, refresh themselves with 
the recollections of past times, and so gather fresh strength 
for the duties of the future. They are connected by their office 
with a large number of most interesting edifices, sprinkled all 
over the country — the ancient parish churches of the land : and 
they have not only a great interest in preserving them in their 
integrity, and repairing whatever has fallen to decay through 
the lapse of time, but they also derive great encouragement from 
the spirit shown in respect of them, not only in repairing what 
needs reparation, but also in the good will and good sense by 
which the restoration is most happily carried on ; so that the 
□ew shall be in harmony with the old. I have the satisfaction 
I — and I speak in the presence of many of the clergy of my 
I own archdeaconry — of saying that I can point from parish to 
. parish where the work of restoration is being, or has been, 
happily carried on ; nor will I be withheld by the presence of 
the noble Lord in the chair from expressing my satisfaction at 
one of those parishes, which shows in the present state of its 
church, the munificence and good taste which he possesses. 
I One word more before I sit down. The restorations and im- 
I provements are carried on so constantly and rapidly, that some- 
I times the public chroniclers can hardly keep pace with them. 
\ I happened to send an official Guide of the South-eastern Bail- 
I way to my friend Mr. Stanley, who told me that he had been 
studying it on his journey, and it mentioned a circumstance 
I which I will repeat, because it shows that official Guides are 
not always infallible authorities. There was a church, it was 
statod, of very picturesque exterior, but the inteiior beauty of 
which was utterly destroyed by its ornaments. In it were to 
be 5iH3n images of Fame and Justice, more suitable to a Grecian 



Ixxvi 



■ ABCH^OLOOICAL SOCIETY. 



temple than a Christian church. The official Gnide spoke of 
atl these as still in existence : but I am happy to be able to in- 
form all archieologistH, as I informed Mr. Stanley, that, though 
the Guide had only appeared a few months ago, the images of 
Fame and Justice have long disappeared. I need not say that, 
though from the parish church in question the representations 
of Fame and Justice have been banished, the church is none 
the worse ; and I feel assured that the work of restoration, on 
the soundest principles of archajology, would continue to make 
progress through the country. 

Mr. Beresfokd HorE, in proposing the health of the 
Dean and Chapter of Canterbury, said ; — 

I am sorry to begin, my Lord, with an act of insubordination, 
and to dissent from the Chairman as to my fitness to uudei'taka 
this task. At the meeting this morning at the Guildhall, the 
Dean called us a " very gratefid Society indeed," because we 
returned thanks to the Chapter for kindness not yet shown. 
But there is no doubt now that these thanks are due, after 
the way in which the Chapter have received ub, and after the 
lucid and excellent description of the cathedral by one whom, 
though unconnected now officially with it, we must ever con- 
nect with the cathedral of Canterbury. Great service has 
been done, my Lord, by this Chapter in the restoration, and in 
the manner of the restoration, of this cathedral. The Chapter 
have restored lapses and supphed defects j they have renovated 
the edifice witli a judicious taste ; they have brought it back 
to its old condition, but they have not made it "spick-and-span- 
new," like a railway- station. People deserve praiso who exe- 
cute such works by their own trouble, at their own expense, 
and from motives of affectionate piety. Those, too, who first 
set the example of church restoration deserve most high praise. 
Now Chapters are everywhere restoring their cathedrals, and 
giving a practical answer to the charges of selfishness brought 
against them. But twenty-five years ago, when this spirit of 
renovation had not yet been excited, this Chapter restored 
their cathedral at a cost of tens of thousands of pounds. Yon 
have seen that cathedral today, — ^j'ou have seen the order and 
decency with which it is kept. One canon only survives, I 
believe, who witnessed the beginning of the restorations, — 
but OS new men came in, there was no mutability in the spirit 



THE FIRST ANNUAL MEETraG. l.xwii 

of the body, Wliat was begun by Dean Percy, has been car- 
ried on by Dean Bfigot, Dean Lyall, and now by Dean Alford. 
I feel a pcLniliar pleasure in proposing this toast, becanso the 
cathedral Chapter has had for many years most friendly rela- 
tions with the College of St. Augiiatiue, and their friendliness 
has been the better appreciated because that college has not 
been in any way connected with the cathedral. When St. Au- 
gnstine's College was first founded, people said — " Of conrse 
you'll put it in connection with the cathedral ; of course the 
Chapter will have a voice in it," To which we replied — " Of 
coarse we will iwd put it in connection with the cathedral ; of 
coarse the Chapter will no( have a voice in it," We said this, 
because the Chapter had its own work to do, which it was 
doing well, but that the college was a cognate institution, not 
on identical one, having its own work of a parallel nature ; 
therefore, we decided, let it stand on its own basis, and the 
cathedral stand on its. The members of the Society will be but 
blind and cold archteologists if they have regard only to mat- 
ters of bricks and glass, and to the external mundltT of their 
science, without appreciating its deeper meaning. The resto- 
rations of Christ Church, Canterbury, have not been under- 
taken in order that it may be visited by the sight-seers of a 
week-day, and the archteologista every three years; but be- 
cause it is connected witb the most famous scenes of English 
history. It brings before us the missionaries and the kings of 
the Heptarchy ; it is the scene of the labours of Lanfranc and 
of Anselm, of the struggle between Henry and Becket ; the 
burial-place of Edward the Black Prince and HaiTy of Lan- 
caster ; and there are many other memorable events with which 
it is associated j therefore we honour the cathedral, and we re- 
spect its custodians, whose singleness of purpose and liberality 
are a pattern to all other Chaptera, I have much pleasure in 
proposing " The health of the Dean and Chapter of Canter- 
bury, with thanks for their welcome." 

The Vcrj' Reverend the Dean returned thanks in the 
following words :— 

My Lord Marquess, Ladies and Gentlemen, — I am sorry it has 
not devolved on some older member of the Chapter than my- 
B«Jf to return you thanks for the very kind manner in which 
yon have received our health. I am, in fact, the youngest 



Ixxviii 



KENT AHCnSOLOGICAL SOCIBrV. 



member of our body ; for that member who is actually younger 
than myself was among you long before I eame to Cfinterbiiry. 
But, ae the task devolves on me, in consequence of my office, 
1 willingly Bceept it. I can assure you that the eccne which 
we have witnessed today in our venerable cathedral has given 
us infinite pleasure, while it has suggested some remarkable 
contrasts. When wo compare the complaints in the pages fif 
Goatling and contemporary writers, of the mm -appreciation of 
the Gothic style, with the eager enthusiasm of the vaat body 
of intelligent pilgrims who have assembled in it today ; when 
we remember tliat in his forlorn plea for the building he is 
obliged to appeal to the fattt that the eyes of the negroea ivc- 
companyiug the rich planters who sometimes visited it, sparkled 
with pleasure on entering the nave, we may well conclude that 
public opinion has much changed since that <Iay. We all know 
the verdict of the age of Pope, and Swift, and Bolingbroke, 
on antiqnarian rosearehes. It is pithily comprised in the 
epigram — 

" Givo mo the thing that's pretty, odd, and new : 
All 'igly. oW, odd things, I leave to you." 
1 may say, by the way, that we aeem to have inherited not only 
their legacy to others, but their wish for themselves also. The 
brilliant assembly of our fair friends around ns miiy sorre to 
show that every gem is not an antique ; that it is not " nglyt 
old, odd tilings" alone of which archa-'ologists are in quest at 
their meetings. Itut, Ijiidies and Gentlemen, it was very soon 
afterwards found out, that these " ugly, old, odd things " had in 
them some beauty, and were worth imitating. And so the next 
geiienttion showed that tliey had discovered that the " child is 
father of ll«- man." Hut Ibcy did not go on to the sequel of 
tliB quotation, of which 1 will presently speak. They began by 
child's play, lu Gtithic imitation. Then was the age of Straw- 
liorry Hill ; <>f painted windows outside with no windows inside 
to correspond ; of elaborate toys and costly shams, of which the 
only Huccessors now are the roughcast pasteboard castles which 
serve as Mpill-boxei* on the ninnlolpieces of furnished lodgings. 
Horace Walpole wn» not awan' that, limiimf the child t* fatlier 
of tb<> inttti, " our days ninsl bo bound each (o each by natural 
piety;" that Mubitequi-nl agos must not imitate, but be founded 
Upon, fomior ones; that a mnvh more serious taak is boforo 
k IKh Mv]tHHjlijgi«t than any mere indlation can fulfil. It was 



THE FIBST ANSrUAL MEETING. 



Ixxix 



the somewhat exaggerated boast of Canning, when epcaking, 
in a strain of high eloquence, of the intended e stall lishment 
of the empire of Brazil, that " he had called the new world 
into existence, to right the balance of the old." Tours, Ladies 
and Gentlemen, is the converse task,— and I eay this in no 
spirit of rhetorical exaggeration, bnt in sober earnest, — -your 
task is to call the old world into existence to right the balance 
of the new. Already we see the scale, so long unworthily held 
the hghtest, descending to us rich with ample treasures of 
precious information ; already art begins to be looked on as 
never before ; already history is written, and history is read, as it 
never was read or written before. We can read on the volumes, 
which the descending scale brings to us, the names of Hallam 
and Milman, Arnold and Grote, Stanhope and Merivale, 
Fronde and Stanley, Campbell and Foss ; men who have writ- 
ten history, not for this or that political pm^ose, not to serve 
the opinions of this or that Ministry of the day, but aa founded 
on research, and aiming at truth. And I hardly need remind 
you. Ladies and Gentlemen, that in this archteological revival 
not even the minutest researches are to be despised. From 
the hill where we ourselves seem to be standing, we must not 
only strain our eyes after the distant mountains of classic an- 
tiquity, but must examine with all care the important though 
less interesting level which sepnrates us from thera. How do 
we know, till wo have descended and ascertained, whether that 
far-off spark which we see be the glittering dome of a palace, 
or the light in the window of a cottage ? whether that uncer- 
tain cloud which hangs over another portion of the plain be 
the dust of an advancing army, or the smoke of some powerful 
mart of eommerce? Nothing in these researches is trifling. 
Every age, in every feature, has that which every other ago 
may learn from — may leam modcBty, soberness, wisdom, thank- 
fulness, earnestness, charity. And as for ourselves, Ladies and 
Gentlemen, wc feel it our mission to keep well and faithfully, 
warily and wisely, the great fortress of history and devotion 
which has been entrusted to our care, to teach our fellow- 
citizens and fellow-countrymen that the uses of cathedrals have 
not passed away. For as the gallant officer who spoke for the 
army would bear me out, though it may not be requisite that 
every soldier at every time should be kept at the very highest 
regulation pattern, yet it is requisite that some be so kept, and 



IXXX KEIET ABCBJBULOGtCAL SUCIKTT. 

«lwKj9 9o kept. And it u erva tluu in that Cbnrch. We who 
hmm DO duUractin^ cares of parochial duty, are set here for a pat- 
ient, ia a Cbonrli vhicfa is to be a paCtera, — which is lo sbi}w tfao 
bU 0iea»mre aad fbll intent of assorint«d prai^- aatl pran-r, and 
i tAattatxm and doctrine. Give as roar goxl wishes, that we 
■aj be always fband earnest and able for this <iar duty ; that 
r we irre {ua yon beard todavt ond^T an Arrhbt»hop who 
1 the qaectiooable work of diridini; the Bible into 
i> cr (as now) imder a ComtniasioQ wbvh is performing, 
I <F wefl iaut, Ae better wock of dividing the Chapter into 
^ we maj not lose keart nor ooon^, nor ela^city of oc- 
tna, to fit the wanta and dntiea of the day in which we live. 
, taatCj gm aa yoor pioas prayos aiao, thai, when we 
1 with yoa where all arast stand, we may, by Qod's help, 
be fiMsd to have been, in tUs oar important work, ^:ood aod 



The Rer. Pmfessor Sxaitley said :— 

I wiafa the toast I am about to propose had bc«) placed in 

itb^ hand^ bein^ as it i^ tfae tua»t v>f all others most csseo- 

tkl to the brtatte and IH^Hpe<:ts of the day. Bat I fed at 

t thn adrantage, that — to ofe an almost Iriidi expression — 

I an both inside and outside of it. On tht.> one hand, I have 

nw no connectian with the coanty of Kent, yet, on the other 

md, I fed that I can ncnrer be entirety severed from it. 1 

nc faond the y r wtcnt pkasnre in showing over the cnthcdnil 

I imgt ^ aawiaililnii aa have bononred mo with their pre- 

■ee tin Bommg ; and I rejoice if any knowledj;;? th^i 1 hare 

Hfaiicd darsgi^ mj stay in Canterbury, has been pn>ductiTo 

flf inatractiuB or anmsonent to the tnoubers of the Socielnr. 

In de fi^ q a g over iny wand to the Dean this raomiug, it was 

iadeed &e p a w in g from an cnchanUd island, whore I bam 

pHMd yaan of the greatcet happtaeaa. The snbjvct of mj 

tamt i* "Saceem to the Kent AreluBological Society." T%is 

t al» tfm me to «y what aiv the great peculiarities (.>f Archwo- 

Kl*gy ■■ *he pxae tM t day. My friend the Dean ha«, indtx'd, an> 

~m/ttei ai ^ tbiH g &ia I could baTe wished to My ; and haa 

tdksK to TOO (o ably and so eloqueutly. that t c»ti scam^ 

bopr lu be able to add anything to it : oni> or tw\i [toiuls, how- 

•nr. My be bciefiy touched apon. In a peculiar sense, Archno> 

Iqgf ■•«> fcrtbe fint time, may be said to b« « ifftMntj scteoce. 



THE PiaST AKNUAL MEETING. 



Ixxxi 



. sciencG which has been diffused throughout the whole 
co tnm u ni ty. This is peculiar to the times in which we live. 
Go back to former ages, and there will be foimd an absence 
of any considerable reverence for the things of antiquity; 
whereas the opposite tendency of the proaent day seems aa 
though it had been specially called out to counteract the other 
mflaeiiOGS which are at work, — the influences of railroads and 
telegraphs, and all the other effects of a rapidly-iucreased 
commonication ; immense changes, irresistible and inevitable, 
whose effect, unless counteracted by an opposite spirit, will be 
to destroy and sweep from the face of the land every vestige 
of antiquity. But that opposite tendency has been catted into 
existence ; it is proved by the universal desire shown for the 
study of Archieology. If we look back to the middle ages, of 
which our cathedral is a monument, it is impossible to help re- 
flecting how much more advant^eously the study might have 
been followed then than now, if any interest had then been felt 
in the veuei-able objects to ua now so dear. I sometimes can 
hfffdly forgive the great Lanfranc for having been such a de- 
stroyer of the relics of antiquity. If but the same spirit had 
inspired him, as inspired men now with a reverence for things 
of the past, might not the remains of the old cathedral founded 
by St. Augustine have been still in existence? and from them 
one could have formed some idea of what the first early Chris- 
tian church at Rome was bke, of which Kent's oldest Saxon ca- 
thedral was a copy. Then, when I remember how the scene of 
Becket's murder has been entirely altered, I cannot but reflect 
how much light the histories of that event might have received 
could we of the present generation have seen the transept in 
the same condition as it was in at the time of that event. 
• Now, however, the time is come when a spirit prevails of juster 
appreciation of the past. It has grown up at the very mo- 
ment when but for it every relic of antiquity would have 
disappeared. The bane and the antidote have grown side by 
side ; and in this way we may be able to hand down to future 
I generations the gifts and inheritances we have received from 
[ generations of old. And it is impossible not to feel how specially 
I important a field of labour the Kent Archieological Society has 
I opened before it. Of all counties, Kent is the most historically 
f interesting ; being aa it is the very corner-stone of English 
f history, and particularly of English ecclesiastical history. 
OL. I. /' 



Ixxxii 



KENT ARCILSOLOGICAL SOCIETT. 



Earl Stanhope (President of the Society of Antiqua- 
liesj returned thanks. He said ; — 

I hope the idea will not, even for a moment, be entertained 
that from any feeting of jealousy, as connected with another 
body of antiquaries, I am unable sincerely to congratulate you 
OH the sncress which lias attended the day's proceedings. On 
the contrary, I feel that the path of Archatology is wide enough 
for many to travel on it, and I and the Society to which I 
belong heartdy welcome all who are disposed to become their 
fellow-labour era. I think I have just cause to congratulate 
you on your first meeting. It would not indeed become me to 
speak on behalf of so many as I see here assembled ; but if I 
may judge of the feelings of all by what I have heard from 
the many with whom I have apohen, I will venture to say that 
the proceedings have been a great enjoyment to all who have 
taken a part in them. It would have been, in truth, no com- 
mon dehght to any one — and how much more to antiquaries 
and arehagologists — to see the many points of interest with 
which the venerable city of Canterbury abounds, from the 
magnificent pile of Christ Church to the ancient caatle-fosse 
and the blooming lime-trees of the Dane John. I have said 
that in the day's proceedings all have found great enjoyment ; 
and I do not think I need except those, the fairer and the 
better part of the company, who have honoured us with their 
presence in such numbers. No doubt many, if not all of them, 
have hitherto looked upon the study of antiquity as dry and 
repulsive, — fit perhaps for the library of their grandpapas, but 
wholly destitute of interest for themselves. 1 cannot but hope 
that for the future they will connect the study with a day agree- 
ably passed — when the sunshine beamed on many objects 
beauteous and noble in themselves, but yet more beauteous and 
more noble in the recollections they inspired; a day when 
events long gone by, but whose influence is yet felt, were ex- 
plained in so lucid a manner by Mr. Arthur Stanley above all, 
but by others also, that their details could be no longer matter 
of difficulty to be either understood or remembered, If such 
are the feelings of the ladies, I will venture to add one word 
more, and say the best proof they can give that I have rightly 
interpreted them, will be by honouring us with their company 
on the next occasion. I cannot but think, too, that their en- 



TOE FIE9T AmnJAL MEETreO. 



bcxxiii 



joyment has been of the most profitable description. They 
caBUot but derive many a useful lesson from those silent wit- 
nesses of the past — silent as they have been for centuries, and 
now first taught to reveal the great truths they contain. Thus 
looking back to the first influence of the Christian faith upon 
the hiatoi-y of the English nation, who can stand unmoved by 
the baptismal font of Ethelbert ? who but must feel all his 
chivalry aroused within him when standing at the tomb of the 
very flower of chivalry, the Black Prince ? These are subjects 
of lasting glory ; they awake in the heart tliat contemplates 
them feelings that ai-e an honour to human nature, and that 
ehould not either remain without some influence in estimating 
or deciding upon the questions of the present day. Upon 
these grounds I very much rejoice at the success which has 
been achieved on the present occasion. It furnishes also an 
apt scene on which men of all pohtical and religious opinions 
may meet in harmony, and proves that however numerous the 
points of difference among us, they are not so many as the 
points of agreement. I must, in conclusion, beg pei-miasion 
to propose the health of our noble President, 

The Cliairman briefly returned thanks. 

Sir Waltek James proposed " The Mayor and Cor- 
poration of Canterbury," and passed a warm oulogiura 
on municipal institutions in general. 

The Mayor (T. N. Wightwick, Esq.) said.^ 

In the name of the Corporation of Canterbui-y, I beg to 
offer yon our grateful tlianks for the compliment which has 
been paid to us by the Kent Archajological Society, My Lord, 
gentlemen who have preceded me have been pleased to speak 
in eulogistic terms of the city of Canterbury, of the facilities 
it offers for archsBological research. It is, as we all know, a 
matter of congratulation to us to hear the locahty which we 
inhabit spoken of in commendatory language. For, my Lord, 
88 there ia a pride of ancestry, so there is a pride of place. 
And I am sure I shall be forgiven, as a citizen of Canterbury, 
for entertaining feelings of pride that wo can offer in this onr 
city attractions which can invite the attention and command 
tlie special attendance of such a scientific assembly as those 
now gathered around these Imards, My Lord, whilst we exnlt 



btsxiv 



KENT AHCtLSOLOOIOAL SOClETTi 



that Cftnterbmy is rich in legendary lore — ^Iiilat we glory thut 
within a smaJ] circle of this very spot we con offer Bpocimens 
of a bygone age, iUuBtrative of almost all that yoor inriuiring 
niinda have, in the investigation of your science, as yet disco- 
vered, of themselves tending to bear testimony to the utility 
of your institution, — ^we must not and we do not forget that 
we are, in a measure, indebted to your Society for revealing' to 
us their existence, enabling us, as it were, on the very threshold 
of our liouses to hold converee with the past, and affording to 
us a daily lesson for our guidance and our profit. It is not for 
me, my Lord, at this late hour to occupy your time. 1 will con- 
tent myself with assuring you how thoroughly you may rely on 
our hearty co-operation — of oar earnest desire to do all in our 
power to assist in your praiseworthy endeavours. And if, my 
Lord, we can hereafter lay claim to the smallest portion of the 
benefit, which we feel convinced you will achieve, we shall be 
amply rewarded for our exertions. 



Before the entire programme of toasts was completed 
train hour had arrived, and the greater part of the 
company were compelled to retire. 

A very large party, however, remained to enjoy the 
hospitalities of the Deanery, to which the Dean and 
Mrs. Alford had kindly invited the Members and their 
friends. 

The beautiful grounds were thrown open to the com- 
pany, wliere professional singers were engaged to enter- 
tain them with madrigals, glees, etc., from whence they 
adjourned to the house, where refreshments were served. 

Here H. B. Mackesson, Esq., kindly exhibited his 
jiiqiie trumpet found in the sea at Hytie, and believed 
> be of the fourteenth century. 

The beautiful Saxon antiquities, which had only been 
partially examined in the morning, were again exhibited 
and leisurely inspected, and elicited the admiration 
whif'h they merited. Some admirable Photographs, 
too, of the Cathedral and other antiquities of C'anter- 
^urj-. weivcxhibiti-.l b\ Mr ( Vnttcnden, Honorary Pho* 



• THE. FIRST ANNUAL MEETING. IxxXV 

tographpr to the Society, and eagerly purchased by the 
Tisitor& 

At a later hour, some of the party entered the Cathe- 
dral, and enjoyed the effect of moonlight upon its win- 
dows and tracery, the enjoyment being richly enhanced 
by the magic effect of Luther's Hymn unexpectedly 
chanted by unseen performers, which, it was after- 
wards understood, was a gratification contrived by the 
Dean and Precentor ; thus finishing a day of intellectual 
enjoyment, such as the county had not before experi- 
enced, and which surpassed our most sanguine expectap 
tions. It was a day not easUy to be forgotten. 









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Ixxxvii 



CONTRIBUTIONS 



TO THB FUND FOB SUPPLYING ILLUSTRATIONS TO THB SOCIETY'S VOLUME. 



£ 9. d. 

Earl AmherBt 500 

Marquess Camden 500 

The Earl of Abergavenny 500 

E. G. Culling Eardley, Esq 550 

Viscount Falmouth 500 

A. J. B. Beresford Hope, Esq., m.p 500- » 

C. Wykeham Martin, Esq., m.p 500 

G. B. Norman, Esq 500 

James Whatman, Esq., m.p 500 

Sir J. Hawley, Bart 600 

Sir Norton Knatchbull, Bart 200 

Lady Knatchbull 200 

Henry Norman, Esq 200 

Eev. Beale Poste 200 

A. Bandall, Esq 200 

Earl Stanhope 200 

Sir Thomas Maryon Wilson, Bart 300 

G. B. Acworth, Esq 100 

Rev. Canon Chesshyre 100 

E. Foss, Esq 100 

Eev. J. C. Robertson 100 

Eev. F. Wrench 100 

J. Wingfield Stratford, Esq 100 

The Very Eev. The Dean of Canterbury 2 

H. B. Mackesson, Esq 100 

Eev. W. Smith Marriott 100 

Lieut.-Colonel Stanton 110 

J. 'Espinasse, Esq 200 

Eev. A. Mesham 10 

Charles Devon, Esq 100 

E. Pretty, Esq 100 

E. Hussey, Esq 100 

The Venerable The Archdeacon of Maidstone 2 



IxXXViii KENT ^VRCHiEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 

■ 

£ *. rf, 

Eev. G. Bashleigh 100 

Bey. J. L. Allan 110 

T. Willement, Esq 1 

Eev. M. Onslow 100 

E. Hussey, Esq., Oj/ori 10 

Arthur Smith, Esq 100 

James Crosby, Esq 100 



Members willing to contribute to this Fund are requested to signify their 

intentions to the Honorary Secretary, 



LETTER FROM THE REV. PROFESSOR STANLEY 
TO THE HONORARY SECRETARY. 



Mr DEAR Sir, 

You will, I hope, excuse me if in compliance with 
your kind solicitations I adopt this very curt and unce- 
remonious mode of redeeming the pledge which I gave, 
before mj' severance from the county to wliich I had the 
honour to belong when your Society was first formed. 
The pressure of my present occupations forbids me to 
enlarge, as 1 should have wished, on the theme of the 
Antiquities of Kent. A\Taat I now write must therefore 
be considered rather as a general expression of parting 
goodwill tlian as a formal Preface to a volume which 
needs no such preliminaries. 

It has always appeared to me that much light may 
be thrown upon the history of any considerable country 
by the minute investigation of the peculiarities of its 
separate provinces ; and to this rule England is no ex- 
ception, and Kent affords one of its most remarkable 
esemplificarions. 

The physical situation of Kent, if I may repeat here 
what I have before said elsewhere, at once marks it out 
as a field for such inquirj-. The pjTaraid of English 
History rests, even in its outward form, on two comer- 
Btonea : its western base is Cornwall ; its eastern base is 
Kent. As through Cornwall it first became known to 

VOL. I. Q 



XC EEST ABCnXOLOGICAl 80CIBTT. 

the older world which preceded Greece and Rome, i 
through Kent it first became known to Rome, i 
through that connection first came into contact ht| 
the ci%"ilization of Europe. If a Comishman may f« 
a strange sensation of delight at finding the very earliest 
appearance of Britain on the stage of histor)-, in Hero- 
dotus's' hesitating admission of the existence of the 
Islands of Tin in the Northern Sea, so the man of Kent 
may enjoy a still more legitimate satisfaction in the 
knowledge that Kent was the fijst portion of England 
that caught the eye of the great General who first 
brought us within new of the Roman Empire, — the 
only one whose jjecuharities he has distinctly' denoted, 
the only one which from that <lay to this has borne its 
ori^nal name tinaltered through the \icissitudes of four 
conquests and eighteen centuries. Already, at that first 
dawn of our history. Kent is spoken of by Caesar as the 
most civilized part of Britain. Already his sagacious 
eye had noticed the cause in its maritime situation and 
its affinity to France. — " Ex his omnibus longe sunt hu- 
manissimi qui CAsrmi incolunt ; quse regio est maritima 
omnis. neque multum k GallicS diifenint consuetudine." 
This brief sentence is the text of the jvliole History and 
Archfeology of Kent. 

Represent to us this antique fragment of our country 
in its earliest phyi^ical features ; let us hear all that can 
be said of the connection of its white chalk CUB'S with 
the pectiUariries of poetry, of architecture, and of cul- 
ture to which they have given birth. Give tlie etjino* 
logics of the names of each separate locality in the 
county, those Bimple but picturesque monuments which 
preserve the recollection of lustorical events and of na- 
tural features, often when their memory has perished 
e**eiywhere else. Show that Kent is our corner ; 
plain how the Stctir is our Ister ; tell u& the true ori|^ 
> Herodotw. tii. US. > BelL G«U. r. 1 



I 



LETTER OF PROFESSOR STAKLET. XCl 

of Scvenoais; unfold the peculiar fitness and grace of 
Chevenmg. Represent these ancient hills and valleys to 
us, further, in their earliest historical, their Celtic state, 
still traceable, though at remote intervals, by their deep 
British roads and their scattered cromlechs. Let us 
have the full advantage of our shores having received 
the fii-st legions of Cajsar, if our Susses brethren will 
Btill allow us to think so : at any rate, of having shel- 
tered his first permanent settlement, developed into the 
four Roman fortresses of Richborough, Reculver, Lymne, 
and Dover. Let us profit by that next invasion to which 
the easy access of Kent gave occasion, in the erection 
of the first Saxon kingdom ; and if our severer criticism 
will not allow us to believe in the two brother chiefs, 
or in the successful resistance to William the Norman, 
we are still not the less bound to explain and to cherish 
the relics of Saxon customs and of Saxon antiquities 
which Kent undoubtedly inherited in no ordinary de- 
gree. Nor is it Canterbury alone, bat the whole of 
Kent, which has profited by the ecclesiastical Primacy 
which its welcome to Augustine annexed to its ancient 
capital. Lanfranc, Anselm, Becket, Cranmer, furnish 
the natural links by which our local annals are con- 
nected with the chain not only of British, but of Euro- 
pean history. Pilgrims' chapels, religious houses, archi- 
episcopal palaces, bai-onial castles, are sointi broadcast 
over the county which then contained at once the Sub- 
lime Porte and the Mecca of England. Add to these 
tlie innumerable vestiges, discovered or undiscovered, of 
events which grew out of these various peculiarities. 
Such were our popular insurrections, from Wat Tyler 
downwards, the results of the ancient, independent, al- 
most national spirit of the " unconquered " horse of 
Hengist. Such were the visits of our own or of foreign 
Princes, which were almost the nece^arj' consequence 
of the ne^hbourhood of Kent to the Continent : out 



XCll KENT ARCH-EOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 

of the scanty impressions derived from their visits to 
England by Louis VII. and John of France, by Manuel 
of Constantinople, by Sigismund and Charles V. of Ger- 
many, Kent occupied a large proportion. The gates 
which Henry VIII. brought from Boulogne have long 
ago ^-anished from Upper Hardres; the walls which 
sheltered the plot of the Maid of Kent have all but 
ceased to mark the site of the nxmnery of St Sepulchre 
at Canterbury. But in family archives, in local tradi- 
tions, in fi-agments of wood or stone, in names of places 
or persons, the traces of these and like antiquities doubt- 
less still linger. There are many chinks still to be filled 
up in the fabric of our national history, many buttresses 
still to be strengthened, many pinnacles still to be re- 
stored. This is especially the work of antiquarian in- 
vestigations, of local inquiry. Those only who are on 
the spot have the means or the will to detect the details 
or to descend to the foundations of special historical 
events. Let the Kent Archaeological Society do this, 
having in view both what has been done before and what 
has not been done, and it will render good service not 
only to the Archaeology but to the History of England. 
With every wish for the success of the interesting la- 
bours on which you are about to enter, 

Believe me to be. 
My dear Sir, 

Yours faitlifullv, 

Arthur P. Stanley. 



^rdnwbijiir (!|!mtiaM. 



m INVENTORY OP JULIANA DE LEYBORNE, 
COUNTESS OF HUNTYNGDON. 

FROM THE SlTtRENDEN COLLECTION. 

I The Inventories of Executors and Administrators, from 
the Archives of the Ecclesiastical Courts, and those of 
attainted individuals, returned into the Court of Ex- 
chequer by the cscheator, furaish us with evidence the 
most truthful of the wealth and power, the habits and 
modes of life of those whose pei-sonalties are therein 
recorded, often in minutest detail. We seem to be at 
once admitted beliind the scenes, to witness all that 
passed there. " Sic sese ferebant" meets us at every 
turn, and, in many instances, much illustration, even of 
the very character of the party, is thereby revealed. 

Many of us must have frequently csperienccd this, 
in rambling through the rooms where the furniture and 
chattels of one lately dead are exposed to sale, in the 
pi-ecise state in wliich they were standiug at the mo- 
ment of departure. Tt is always a melancholy specta- 
cle, and ought to be an instructive one. 

In this point of new, the early Inventories of contra- 
riaut and deceased magnates, on which we fi-equently 
stumble in our researches, possess the greatest interest ; 
they throw light on the domestic habits of an age of 
which only tlie general public history is known, and 
that often but imi)erfectly. I have therefore thought 



Tire IN-VEM-onT OF 



that it will not be imacceptable to our rciiders if, from 
time to time, 1 introduce thcni, bj' means of these In- 
ventories, into the abodes of our early Kent msjt^ates. 
T shall begin with two of very opposite chaincters, — 
the one that of a peaceful but jiowerful lady, the other 
that of a turbulent Baron. The latter, with its long 
catalogue of arms, the riding-gear of himself and lady, 
and the list of the prisonere in his dungeons, I shall 
defer to our second volume. At present 1 will admit 
our readers to the residence of the great Infanta of 
Kent, Juliana de Leybonie, Countess of Huntingdon, 
herself, by birth, the heii'ess of countless demesnes; and 
being by marriage the mother of one Earl (Pembroke), 
and the widow of another (Huntingdon), her wealth 
was iinhoimded. To her splendid and princely hal)its 
of li\'ing, in her tapestried halls at Preston,' wlierc she 
kept her state, the foUo'wing Koll of her effects beai-s 
ample witness. Although it unfortunately does not 
furnish such minute detail as we often find in these 
Inventories, yet as evidencing the afiiuencc and hospi- 
tality of onr great Infanta, it claims an early admission 
to our volume. 

The first membrane of the KoU is all that remains 
to us of this Inventorj-. Fortunately it is the portion 
which records the chattels in lier house, and on many 
of her Kent manors. The rcninimler is lost. By the in- 
dorsement, " Botls, exec," " Inventai-, Comitisse Hunt." 
. it is evident that this is the original Inventory'' deli* 

' Leyborne Cutle (ivliicli mu»t bnvc been a confined abode, uncquftl to 
f^tlie power and wcallli which the family had now attnined) seenui to have 
Iwvn TTsi^nod aa tlie paliilial resiJpiicc by hor grnndfiiihrr. Sir WUlinin dc 
Li'yln'rue, the " vniUana hams tttaie tnca Eona ei," who pnvr it, in liis Yife- 
lime, lo hi« aon Thomiw, the fntlier of Juliana. I purposely omit hen any 
dHAilivI noUre of (his Ulmtrious family, my prr-Bont objnirt Kring only to 
introdvice our n-adern to tlirir modo of lifp. ag indjcaled by ibis liiyenlory. 
1 hop*, in B fiiliiro roliimp. to givo n romplrte history of Lojhorne Castle, 
(of whiohmaiiy intercBting remains still cilnl,) ami its sticwMivi? lordi. 
* Bvery niwutor or admiiiiBtnilor wan bcmucl to i-xhibil lo iho BUhop 



JULIANA PE LEYBOIINK. 6 

Vered to the Ordinary by .lulinna de Leyborrie's exe- 
cutors, or the duplicate thereof retained by them ;— lost, 
many ages since, from its proper deposttoi-j', but after- 
wards happily secured by the research of the fii^st Sir 
Edward Deriug, for his collection at Surrenden. The 
portion which we have is in excellent preservation, writ- 
ten in the usual form of abbreviated Latin, 

For the convenience of the general reader, I have 
rendered it into English, as literally as the use of mf>- 
dem terms will allow, supplying in foot-notes the origi- 
nal words where it seemed necessary to do so. It is as 
follows : — 

Inventory of the Qoodg of the noble woman, Ladt Jdliana db 
Lktdobmb, late Counteaa of Hunttjngdon, wherever Vu^y be in 
Eiujlmid, in th^ Province of Canterbvry, on the day on which 
the died, viz. the first day of Nm'emier, in the year of owr 
Lord 1367. 

m THE HOUSE AT PBESTOK.' 

Wardrob,: £. s. d. 

In primis, in gold and eilvor, in ready money* . 1241 6 8 
Item, divers vessels and jewels of gold and silver . 410 

or Ordinary, nt hucIl timea ns he should sppomt, an Inventory or Schedule, 
ContBJning a true deacriptioo of all tbo goods and chattclg of a person de- 
ceased, at the time of his death, with their valne, appraised bj indiOerent 
persona. 

Thifl was Preston nest Wingham. Hasted states that this maaor of 
Preston, and the others lielonging to Juliana de Leyborne, eaeheated to 
the Crown al her death, for want of an heir. This is an error ; her first 
kusband was John Lord Hastings and Ahergarenny (sod of Isabel, the 
ddest sister and coheir of Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke) ; by this 
John Lord Hastings, she had a son, Laurence, who, 13 Edward IIL, was 
created Earl of Pembroke, as grandson of the eldest coheir of the hist 
£arl, and was himself suce^^cd in the earldom by his son Jolin. 

By BU entry on the Close Rolls, it appears that, on 20th February, 

Edward m., Juliana confirmed divers manors in Kent and elsewhere 

{among them tliie manor of Preston) to trustees, who, on ISlh March in 

lame year, reconveyed them to her for hfe. with remainder to the 

Sing. In fact, tlie trausoetion seems to hare been a conveyance to the 

King (reserving to herself a lifo-ii)t«rcsl) for subsequent grant to religions 



' " Peeiinia nomorata '* — " uiuuey cuuntcd dov 



i THE ISA'EjrrORY OF 

Item, 4 cloths of gold £26 13 4 

Item, 1 clotli of silver and 5 cloths of silk ... 568 

TotaP £1683 6 11 

The Chnp.'.I. 
Item, divers vcstmenta, books, and other orna- 
ments for ray Lady's Chapol 31 8 

The Chamber. 
Item, divers ornaments for my Lady's head ... 1 8 
Item, divers my Lady's vestares, with fur, buttons,* 

and other apparel, for my Lady's body . , . 37 5 4 
Item, divers beds, with their furniture .... 48 10 2 

The Hall. 
Item, I dorser,^ of the work of " Befs de Hampton "200 
Item, one dorser with a coster* of the arms of Ley- 
borne 13 6 8 

Item, one dorser, with a coster of tawny worsted , 16 
Item, three bankers' 050 

Puiilrij, Butfcrij. 

Item, one pipe of red wine, value 2 13 4 

Item, table cloths,' towels, napkins, and other small 

things 778 

houaes. I have met with more than one iosUmce wUifh aeoraa to confirm 
my conjecture as to this moJiin openinili in pffeeting rcli^ous ondowinente. 
It is truo that the King ditl not uIwbjb, in the first instance, as in the 
c&ae of Preaton, carry out the donors' intentions — aonie State reasons in- 
l«rferinf; ; but crentuAllj the endowments seem to hare reached their 
destination. 

' This ia incorrectly somraed up in the original ; it should hare been 
£1683. Oi. 8(7. 

' " Cum fumra, botonura et aliis nppariiLilius." 

' " Dorser," hangings for the wbIIb, at the back, as it were, of the sitter. 
" Bcfs de Hampton," i. e. worked with the legend of BeriB dc Hampton t 
probably this was the tnpcatry at the head of the hall, behind the dais. 

* " CoBter," i. e. side hangings or curtains. At the siege of Csrkverock, 
Sir William de Leyborne, grandfather of Jnliaun, bore a pennon with 
" Iiide o sis blanc lyons ratnpaDS," i. e. axure bii lions rampant argent, the 
'■ arms of Leybome." 

' " Banker." i, e. the covering of the benches or seals, 

* The original has " mappie nu'iiflalcs, mnnutergin. snuennppe et nlia 



JULIANA DE LETBORNE. 

KltchcH', LaTdcr, 

ritem, 30 carcasea^ of oxen for my Lady's larder . £1G 

[ Item, 2 boars, and 200 hogs, for the same larder . 33 
I Item, 280 muttons,^ aud otlier sheep, for the same 

larder 14 

[ Item, 16 fat bncks,^ salted 5 

I Item, Balmon, melewell,* etockfi&h, and other fish . 32 
I Item, brass and leaden vessels, with other iron 

utcnsUs 10 3 

Bakery and Breicfn/, 
[ Item, corn and malt^ in the Bakery and Brewery, 

in gross value 210 

I Item, divers utensils in the Bakery and Brewery, 

value , . , ii 

Horses, 

Item, one horse, value 13 6 

Item, one horse, value 10 

It«ni, three horses, value 10 

Item, 10 horsesj value 20 

Oah and Hay. 
Item, 100 quarters of oats for foddering the horses, 

valne 13() 

Item, 100 loads* of hay, value 12 10 

U1e,i,<nx. 
It^m, divers utensils and iustruments in the Cham- 
ber, Hall, and Workshop, with chariots, and carts 
for the household, value^ 10 



Sum £370 5 

Sum total of the house, £2062. 12h. 8./. 

■ ninut&." Saveua, Sabsnuin, Za0a»v, "paoDoa aaper absteraorius. Nci]jc< 
\ quo hominc-s utuntnr in balaeU." (Du Congo,) " SaTena-noppB," conri 

' i.f. Salted beef, ' " Bestie fero pinpics." 

* Multoiu, i.e. salted mntton. ' Melowell, i.e. suited codfleh, 

' "Frumeiitum et bn«cnm," ' '" Carectate," oart-londs. 

' •• lu camer.. uii!.. ct fabrita, eu. oharioUa, el carect. Iiospio." 



MANOK OF PRESTON. 

£. «. <;. 

First, divers com, aa appears in the account of iLo 

servant' there, value GO 

Item, clivers live stock, as appears in the same ac- 
count, value 74 

Item, dead stock there, as appears in the same ac- 
count, valnc 200 

Also in arrears of the servant there, on his last ac- 
count 300 

Total £139 



The chattels on the other Kent manors ai-e similarly 
given. The heads in eacli case being almost precisely 
the same, it will be beside our present purpose to detail 
them ; it wUl suffice to give the value found in each 
manor, tIz. : — 

Preston (as above) 139 

Elmerston Ovorlond (/. e. Elmston, and Overland 

manor in Ash) 133 

Blham 69 3 

Essheteafbrd (/. «. Ashford) 60 

Gare (i. e. de la Gare or Gore, in Upchurch) . . . 106 

SUjhull ((. e. SlayhiUs, in Upchurch) 56 6 2 

Mere (in Raiuham) 19 -t 10 

Eslyng (Easling) 63 10 

Beuriper (in ready money)' 4 

Wodlj-ng (/. c. Wadling in Ripple) 43 19 8 

Leybome 83 1 1 fi 

Wateringhury 81 17 10 

Total of chattels in the Kent manors . £849 3 10 
The remainder of the Roll, with the exception of one 

' " ServienB." ihe Borvant ; in Ihia inatani'c doubtlt'as corrt'SiiondJng to 
our BsiliO*. 
^ " Pecmiia h 




Jl'LlANA DE LETBOBNE. 



entry relating to manors in Norfolk, is wanting. The 
above manors of Preston, Elmerston, Overland, Elham, 
Ashford, Gare, Slayhull, Mere, Easling, Wodlyng, Ley- 
bome, and Wateringbury, were all among those inclu- 
ded in Juliana'e feoffment, cited iu note to page 4, supra. 

Such was the opulence of our great Infantii, and such 
the lavish hospitality with which she supported her 
state. But "slie shall caiTy nothing away with her 
when she dieth, neither shall her pomp follow her." 

Even so, the Lady of Leybome, owner, it seems, of 
more numerous domains, and wider fai' than any ever 
held by one lord within the bounds of Kent, since the 
days of Odo,' is ready for her hour. The settlement of 
her estates has long been made. "The day is far spent," 
and, as the shadows of evening gather round, her worldly 
task is done. 

Many of her manors she has already bestowed on 
religious houses ; the rest of her paternal inheritance 
she conveyed to the King, five years since, reserving to 
herself no more than a life-uitcrest therein ; the fees 
of them all (if I have rightly interpreted the transaction) 
to be, at her death, di\ided among certain religions 
houses : and, of her boundless possessions, all that she 
can call her own, as she passes away, are the personal- 
ties in her house and on some of her farms. Just two 
days before her death, she bequeaths these also to pious 
and chaiitahlc uses. 

' It mnat be remembered tliat the domoiuB of AveranchcB, Mominot, 
Crcreccpor, and tlie otber lord^bipB (eight m all), conBlituting the gre^t 
CoDBtikbulaiy of Dover Castle, moat always be except ioiial uiscs in eeti- 
tnntitig the poMcgaious of our ancie^nt magnateB. It is true that these 
were eiteusive and lordly domains, but they were very heavily burdened 
vrith the maintenance of Dover Castle and keeping nnrd there, for which 
BpeeiGc purpose they were originally granted, and though conferring great 
power and high position upon their owners, it is rcry queationable whether 
they added to their wealth so largely as at first sight might be supposed. 

Of tha great hietono Clares, lords of Tiinbridgc Castle, many niaiiors in 
lUis eouiity were held, as of their honour of Gloucester, but I doubt whe- 
ther Ihuir lauded posscssionB in this county at all appronehed iu eitent 
IhoM uf our Infftntn, 



THE INVENTOBY OF JULIANA DE LBTBOHNE. 



" in the name of God. Amen. 

" On Saturday, the 30th day of October, in the year of our 
Lord, 1367, I, Juliana de Leybome, Cnuntesa of HuntyngdoD, 
make my testament after this manner : 

" Of sound mind. Firat, I bequeath my bouI to God, and 
the blessed Virgin, and all His Saints ; and my body to be 
buried in the Church of the Monastery of St. Augustine of 
Kent, in the new Chapel,^ on the south aide of the Church. 
Item, I leave all my goods and chattels, moveable and immove- 
able, to the disposal of Sir Alexander Wayte, Canon of Wyng- 
ham, Sir John Amublee, Rector of the Church of Harrietaham, 
and John de Middloton, appointing the same executors of this 
my testament, that they may dispose, for my soul, in rewarda 
of my servants, and other works of charity, aa to them may 
seem moat expedipnt. 

" Item, I appoint the Lord Thomas, the Abbot of the Monas- 
tei7 of the aforesaid Church of St, Augustine's, supervisor of 
this my testament. 

" Done the day and year as above. 

" In witness whereof, to this my testament my seal is ap- 
pended." ^ 

Thus closes the scene on all this pomp and affluence ; 
verily piety and charity had here theii" perfect work, 
With this noble lady passed away the baronial and 
illustrious name of De Leybome. The palace at Pres- 
ton soon degenerated into a mere monastic farm-house 
(a fate which is soon after shared by her old baronial 
castle of Leybome), and not a trace now remains of the 
grandeut which, aa our inventory evidences, must once 
have there existed. 

L. B. L. 

' This chapel was of her own founflalion. 

' The above will of Juliana Ac Lpyliomo ie transcribed from the rpgiHtry 
of Langham (p. IIB. a.), at Lambeth PiJacD. Probate waa granted on the 
19lh NoTomber, 1367. 



ARCHBISHOP WABHAM'S LETTERS. 

(from h. m. state paper office.) 

The following Letters, now for the first time published 
entire, may serve to throw light on the histoiy of a man 
who owes more of his eminence to the fiiendship of 
Erasmus, and the reputed jealousy of Cardinal Wolsey, 
than to the capability and vigour with wliich he played 
his part in a stirring and momentous time. 

William AVarham was educated successively at Win- 
chester, and New College in Oxford. Devoting himself 
to the study of the law. he practised in the Coui't of 
Arches, was made Master of the Rolls Februaiy 13, 
1494-5, Keeper of the Great Seal August 11. 1502, and 
Lord Chancellor in the following Januarj'. AVhen that 
idlest of all political vaude%'illes — Peterkin Warbeck — 
(idle but for its possible tragical ending in "bloody 
noses and cracked crowns") was being played out. War- 
ham waa despatched with others into Flanders on a mis- 
sion of remonstrance ; with small success on the first 
occasion, mth so much satisfaction to himself and his 
employers on the second, that on the death of Arch- 
bishop Dean in 1504, Warham was nominated his suc- 
cessor in the See of Canterbury. His enthromzation 
feast on that occasion is celebrated as the very pattern 
of sumptnousness and good eating even in those days, 
when as yet dyspepsia was not, and men's appetites were 
upon the same scale as those of the Homeric heroes. 
In 1515 he resigned, ov. as some say (trusting too much 
to that Ijing ■varlct Polydore A'ergil). \\m compelled to 



m 



ABcmnsnop waRham's letters. 



give up the Chancellorship to hia more popular rival 
Cardinal Wolsey. The Legatine authority of the latter 
brought him more than once into collision with the 
Archbishop in ecclesiastical causes, of which traces will 
be found in the following Letters.' He died two years 
after his more eminent and successful rival, August 23, 
1532, leading the Duke of Norfolk one of his executors. 
Our readers will search in vain among the letters for 
any coniinnation of the ridiculous anecdote retailed by 
Polydore Vergil, tracing to an undue familiarity on the 
part of Waiham, and the application of the term " bro- 
ther" in one of his letters to the Cardinal, a violent 
outbreak of Wolsey's animosity. On the contrarj', these 
letters are as grimly civil as any letters can be. One 
of them, and one only (No. 22), affords some indication 
of that crabbedness which has concentrated in pt)pular 
estimation round Warham's name and fame. Uis cor- 
respondence with Ei-asmus shows him in somewhat more 
lively colours. He could unbend his gaunt dignity with 
this prince of Latin humorists in puns and jokes suited 
to the walls of Lambeth. In one of his letters to the 
Archbishop, Erasmus complains that there was iu his 
time a set of " fellows of such \Tnegar aspect," who could 
not tolerate laughter in a respectable quarter; or suffer 
anything but grarity beneath lawn-sleeves and emiine. 
" Why (says Erasmus to him on one occasion^) should 
it be considered derogatorj' for men in high positions 
in the State if they refresh their minds with a joke, 
when fatigued with the cares of office 1 Jupiter him- 
self, the ' father of gods and men,' laughs in Ilesiud." 
A sentiment so illiberal is fit only for the mouths of 
unenlightened monks or ascetical friiu-s. And although 
fi-ora the con-espondence wliich is here published we 
should not be apt to accuse Warham of the sin of pun- 
ning, or being cxtra-officially funny, we are tempted to 
' Sou No. S. ' XU. 57. 



AltCUDISIIOP WAHHAMS LETTERS. 



n 



lay before our readers the folIo%vmg extract from one 
of his letters to Erasmus, which shows that he could 
occasionally unbend and follow the suggestion of his 
eminent contemporary. It is addressed to Erasmus, at 
that time suflering from his old complaint, a fit of the 
stone. " My dear Erasmus, what have you to do with 
rocks and stones in that small frame of yours? Or what 
is to be built on that rock! [An unarcliiepiscopal and 
somewhat profane allusion to the words of the New 
Testament.] You are not going to erect magnificent 
houses, or anything of the sort, I imagine. Since then 
calculi are not to your taste [Erasmus was not a first- 
rate accountant], get rid of your superfiuous load as 
soon as you can. Pay money to have those stones re- 
moved, as T am daily pajdng money to have stones re- 
moved to my buildings [at Otford]."' And more in the 
same strain, which whoso wishes to follow to the close, 
may find in the collection of Erasmus's Letters (Lend, 
fol. 1642). 

Before closing these remarks, howe\er, we are tempted 
to extract a passage from one of Erasmus's letters to 
Warham, to show the terms on which they lived. The 
latter might ha^'e exclaimed, in the words of Sir John, 
" I am not only witty myself, but the cause of wit in 
other men." And the genuine humour of Ei'asmus 
may well be contrasted with the somewhat forced con- 
ceits of his dignified correspondent. The Archbishop, 
it seems, had sent him a horse, not unlike to that which 
carried Sterne's Eugeuius. No doubt, like other Arch- 
bishops, Warham had had experience of many curates 
and their needs, and, in a fit of abstraction apparently, 
to which great men and ai'chbishops arc liable, had sent 
Erasmus a curate's horse. Our mtty Eotterodamite 
never having heard of our English proverb, thus wiitea 
to acknowledge the gift ;- — " I have received a horse 
from jou, not so handsome as \'irtuou8 [our readers will 



12 AnCITBISHOP WjUIHAM'S lettebs. 

remember the eulogy of Rosinante] ; he is free from all 
the mortal sins, save gluttony and incorrigible laziueas 
(giila et acedia). He has all the virtues of a good con- 
fessor,^pious, prudent, humble, modest, sober, chaste, 
and quiet ; he bites nobody ; he never kicks. I susjiect 
there has been some roguery, and another hoi-se has 
been sent me in the stead of what you intended, I have 
given no directions to my groom ; only if a handsomer 
and better one comes, he may change the saddle and 
bridle." The result of this witty appeal, like many 
other equally interesting things, is lost in nblinon; 
either there was no record repository in those daj's, or 
such letters and documents were exchanged for some 
more valuable consideration. 



1. AkCHBISHOP WaBHAM to the DdkB 07 BuCKIJlOaAJI 

[Edward Staftord], 

(Begrets that the Duke cannot conio on Tuesday nest, but has put off 
his visit till after WKit^untido: tuugt at that time be at Maidatoue, to 
reform the College there. Would not for five himdiod nmilis that th« 
matter inlimited should take none e&cet.) 

My singular good lordej in my raooate liertie wise, I recom- 
mende mo to your good lordoship, Ascertaynyng the suioe 
tluit I have receved yo' kynde and loving lettres writen the 
seconde day of this iiistimt monctb, by the which I perceve 
that by suche infortune that yo' Lordeehip writetli of, je may 
not be at Otforde on Tuesday next coinmyng, wherof T am 
right sory, and spocially of Bncho iufortuiio as ahuld pnt yo* 
good lorde^hip to any bodily paj-ue or displpaair. And whor as 
yo' lordeship writoth that je have difftirred this journey til aft' 
Wliitaontide for the cause afi>rsaid, my lordo, I woold be as 
glad as any man to see yo' good lordoship at my power lodging 
at Otforde, at any tyme at yo' lordeahippo'spleasir; but so it is 
that I have appointed the next day* aft' the NativitiB of Siiticte 
(mc) of Baptinte next comrayng, to remove from hens to Maide- 
ttoOf for diverao and many causes concomyng the reformation 
' .luue 25th 



ABCnSISHOP WARHAMS LETTERS. 

of tho college ther, and also for other causes concemyng the 
reformation of certeyne religiose places within my dioceacj for 
whose apparenco I have sent oute citations, which I can not 
conveniently revoke. Wherfor thies premiasea considered, I 
hertily beseche yo' good lordeship that I may miderstand ytf 
pleaaip and myndo at what tyme it may please yo' lordeship to 
take the peyne to be at my power place at Otforde. My lorde, 
I had lev^T lose v* marke than the niatir that is intended sliuld 
take none effecte, for diverse and many considerations which 
wer to long to write. AJmighti God knoweth best my mynde 
in this behalve, which ever preserve yo' good Lordeship, At 
Otforde, the tliirde day of Juing, [1519 ?] 

Ever yo" owne 

WiLL*M Cantar. 
hi'lui-gcd : To my lorde of Bnkkingham is good lordeship. 



2. Fboh tbe Sahk to Caedinal Wolbey. 

(On the coining of the Emperor Charles V„ and hia entertamment at 
Canterbury.) 

After moost hnmblo comendations I thank yo' good grace afi 
hertly as 1 can, that it hath pleaced the same tadvertise me of 
thcetableshed and certaine determination of themporours ma- 
iestie for his repaire to the Kingea moost noble grace, and of 
the Kingea grace gieftea for the meting of themporoure at 
Cauntrebury, and for the deducting of hia Maieste to Wychester. 
My Lord, I am verey muche bownd to yo' good grace for the 
manifold tokyns of greate favors and kindnes, whiche I fynd 
dayly more and more oncresse in yo' grace towardes me, for 
whiche, if I were able to do yo' grace pleasure agayne, I were 
far nnkj-nd if I wold not bee very diligent, redy, and glad to 
do it. And sory I am that I can not bee at Cauntrebury, to 
gyvo yo' grace attendance, and do my duety acordiugly at yo' 
gracs comyiig thither, whicho I a^suer yo' grace 1 wold not 
failed to have doeu, if I liad not been diseased now of late, 
wliere<if I am not yet holy deliverd. Notw'standing I trust in 
Good, that by that tyrae that 1 have doen my duety to the 
Kinge grace at my power house at Otford, I shalbe able furthw' 



14 ABCHBISHOP WARHAMS LETTCRSL 

to jomey to CaontTebmy spedflr, there to receyve the Kinges 
grace and themporour in my Cathedral churche. If there bee 
any thyng in thoes parties apperteynyng to me, whiche may 
bee to yo' gracis pleasire, I desire yo' grace to use it as ye 
wold yo^ owne. From Otford, the xviij*^ day of May [1522]. 

At your good grace comaondement, 

WiLL^M Caxttar. 

In^orsol : To the moost Reverende father in God, and my 
singular good Lord, my Lord Cardinal of York and l^ate de 
latere good grace. 



3. From the Same to the Same. 

(Of the committal of a priest named Bradshaw. for poUing down certain 
writings and seals set np in the abbey of Bo3dey, by order of the P<^. 
against '* the iU opinions of Martin Luther.*') 

Pleace it yo' good grace to understand that a certaine preest, 
called S' Adam Bradshawe, whom I send now unto yo' good 
Lordship, was put into prison at Maidestone for his great pre- 
sumption in pulling downe and breking of suche writinges and 
scales as were set up at thabbey of Boxley against the yl opi- 
nions of Martine Luther. Whiche preest, being thus in prison, 
hathe writen and caused to bee cast into the highe strete at 
ilaidestone verie sedicous billes against the Kinges grace 
moost honorable counsail and other estates of this realme (as 
I am informed ■ . And because his offense in that behalve is of 
more weyght than the pulling downe and breking of the said 
writinges and scales, I send him to your grace to bee ordered 
ferther as ye shall think good. I understand that the keper of 
my prison at ilaidestone hath deliverd the said sedicous billes 
to S-' Henrie Gilford, by the whiche billes yo' grace may more 
.specially perceyve the said preestes malicious and sedicious 
mynde. As toching the pulling downe and breking of the 
said writinges and scales which were set up at the popis holi- 
n€r3 comaundement and by yo' grace auctorite and under my 
«eale, it may pleace yo' lordship to punisshe him therefor, if he 
e«cape the other dainger, or els it may please yo' grace to 
remitt him to bee punisshed by me. This preest hath been 



ABcnBISIIOP WAIUIAM S LRTTERS. 

diverse tymes before thia in prifion, botho at Galea and in other 
places of this realmo, whiche alao now at his last taking hath 
hurt one other preest and put him in dainger of his lif. I have 
examned this preest in al thes matters, whiche in effect wol 
confesse nothing to me, but referreth himself to the bylles, and 
said he wold aunswere to thaira when he myght see thaim ; and 
he donieth the puUing downe of the said writinges and seales, 
whiche matier, at my going to Caunterburicj when I com to 
Maidestone I wol more ripely examine, and send yo'' good grace 
more knowlego thereof. At my manor of Otford, the xvj'" day 
ofOuny [1522]. 

At yo' gracifi commaundement, 

WiiJ,*M Cantuae. 

Aildnssri! : To the mooste reverende father in Godde, and 
ray singuler good lord, my lord cardinal and legate a latere ia 
good lordships. 



4. Prom the Same to the Same. 

(Protcstiog agiiinat Btabliiig the Sing's horses ia the monastery of 
Clirieti'IiTirch.) 

Ploace it yo' moost honorable grace to understand that I 
hiresay by reaport, that a servaunt of the Kinges grace is come 
to Cantwrbery at the commaundement of the Kingea Counsell 
(as ho Baith) to have stabilling for tlie Kinges horses, to bo kept 
ati lyvery win the monastery of my Churche of Canturbery, 
shewing no letters of the Kinges grace, or olhor vmtinges de- 
claring the said commaundement. Suer I am that the Kinges 
hieghnes and yo' grace, well enfomied of the great charges that 
the said monastery hath ben and moost daily be put unto, wolbc 
well contented to spare the same frome any suche maner extra- 
ordinary charges. For the said monastery hath been so bnr- 
■ dond w' recej*ving and intertaynyng botho of the Kingea 
graces moost noble ambasitors and other princes, and of other 
honorable personages passing by that way, beside the Kinges 
grace and thEniperor's late being ther, besyde also fynding of 
men to war, above gret subsidies and great loneys, that if snche 
charges or other lyke shuld coiityniie, the same monght after 



; LETTERS. 



bo utterly deenyedj whicli I wold be very lothe to see in my 
tyme. And 1 trust veryly that yo' grace, for the gret derotion 
tiiat yo' grace oweth to Christes Churche and to the blessed 
matir' Sainct Thomas, wolbe contented of yo' goodnea to patt 
some remedy that noo snche newe charges be endaced ; bnt wilb© 
flo gratious to yo' reUgiouse bedemen there, as to discharge 
thayme therof, specially wher the said monastery standyth &r 
of frome the Kiiigea grace contynn^ abode, to kepe any lyreiy 
of horee commodyousely for the Kingea grace use ; and also 
bicause it was never seen hertofor that any snche lyvary hatha 
been kept in the said monastery by the Kinges graces dayes or 
any of his noble progenitors. I beseche God to send yo' grace 
as good helthe and as gret honor in yo' jomey, bootho going 
and commyng, as yo' hart can desier, and as I trust verely yo' 
grace shall have, seing yo' entont is so good and so godly. At 
Otford, the fyreth day of July [1522]. 

At yo' graces commaundetoent, 

"Will* Cantcab. 

hidnrge3 : To the moost Reverende father in God, and my 
very singuler good lord, my lord Cardinall of Torke and legst 
de latere his good grace. 



5. From the Same to the Same. 



4 



{Thanks the Cardinal for the friendly apirit iu which ho baa received 
tike prcticQt the ArchbisLop hnd sent Uijn, as well m for the costly jewel 
the Cnrdiiial bad Heat to the shrine of St. Tbomas. Hsb received by Dr. 
Sampson the Lutheran booka, and the MSS. of WiclifTe, cootaimng no less 
dftngerons and pestilent heresy. Will examine them at Otford, and the 
day after hia return to Lambeth (April Ilth], will consult with the Cardi- 
nal. Sejoioes that England has so orthodox n sorereign as Henry VUI.) 

Reyerendissimc in Christo Pater et Domine, Domine mi co- 
lendissime, debitam commendation em vcstrM reverendissimaa 
patemitatis literas humanitatis plenas libenter aecepi legique 
Ubentissime, quse me pi-ofccto maxima affecere volupt.ate. Quod 
autem dignatur Reverendissima Dominntio ve.stra munusculum 
meum, ad eandem jamdudum traosmissum, (quod certe perex- 
iguum neque tanto patro satis dignum extiterat), tarn benigne 



ARCHBISHOP WARHiUl S LETTERS. 



17 



acceptare tantopereque laudare, gr^ti^s eidem otinde ago ct 
habeo imnieTisaa, Summopere enim cupiebam (qaod item nunc 
cupio) UE Reverendissima Domuiatio vestra meum potius erga 
eandem aaimum, perpetuo iUi dedicatmn, quam rem ipeam sal- 
tern tarn exilem eestimare acceptarcque velit. Quantmn antein 
ad jocnle illnd preciosissimum per venerabilom virum dommum 
doctorein Sampson, vestr» Reverendissimae DominatioiuB ca- 
pellanum, jam ad banc ecelesiam mcam CaatuariensDm missum 
et ibidem decenter ac honorifice oblatum attinet, tam piam 
tamque sanctara ejusdein- Reverendissimte Dominationia vestraB 
in optimum, maximiuaque Deiim, ac glorioaum ejus martyrem 
divum Thomam, in bac parte devotionem, nemo profecto est qui 
non plurima laude prosequaturatque vehementerextollat; pro 
quo quidem tanto tamque munifico munere preciosiasimoque 
tbesauro indubie aperandum est ab ipao omnipotenti Deo prse- 
fatoqno ejus martyre {quod omnem terreuam retributionem ex- 
Huperat) vestraa Heverendissimoe Dominationi copiosissime retri- 
buendiim fore. Ego vero et confratres mei. Prior et commo- 
nacbi ecclesise meaa, pro vestra Revereudiaaima patemitate, ob 
singularem ejusdem in hac re bene vol entiam, summamque libe- 
ralitatom, continuaa perpetuasque apud Altiaaimum preces efFun- 
demua. Quod enim ad ipsa Lutheriana damnatisaima opora 
attinet, accepi per dictum domiuum doctorem quosdam libellos, 
quos dibgentissime et legere et iiotare curabo ; et ut diligentius 
id fiat, me quam primum ad Otfordiam conferam, ubi quosdam 
codicea Joannis Wycbfe, non minoris malitiae ac bteresis, quam 
LutheriaufD baareses siut, examinare eedulo shidebo j quo facto, 
ad Lamehitbam erga decimum diem iuatantia mensia me re- 
cipiam, et aequenti die vestram Rev erendias imam Dominatio- 
uem (uti debeo) visitabo, Et qnicquid in iis rebus mea opera 
efBcere poasit, vestra Dominatio Reverendissima me paratisai- 
mum habebit. Non mediocriter profecto Anglis dnntaxat, ve- 
rum etiam univeraas religioni Christianie, merito congratulan- 
dum eat, quod Deus talem, tam pium, tam sanctum tamque ca- 
tboltcoin Frincipem, quabs serenissima Regia Majeatas sit, bac 
tempestate nobis adversua danmatissimos ecclesiEB hostes atque 
baei-eticoe, quasi e cjelo missum conceaserit. Quod si sua Ma- 
jestas ab ecclesia Christi (quod absit) deficeret, non parva toti 
reipublicie Christiante jactura immineret. Cietera taceo donee 
{Deo volente) cum Reverendissima patemitate vestra coram 



18 ARCHBISHOP WAiaLVM'S I^ETTEKS. 

liberius confcrre licebit. Ex ecclesia mes Cantuariense, tertio 
Aprilis, [1522.] 

Ejusdem Reverendissim© patemitatis vestne 

Obsequentissimns deditissimnsqne, 

WiLHELMUS CaNTUARIENSIS. 

Addressed : Reverendissimo in Christo Patri et Domino, 
Domino ThomcD, miseratione divina tituli Sanctae Ceciliae Sa- 
crosanctas Romana) Ecclesia) presbytero cardinali, Eboracensi 
Archicpiscopo, Anglian IMmati, et Apostolicos Sedis a latere 
Legato, . . . Aiiglia3 Cancellario, tanquam Domino meo. 

Indorsed : William, Archbnssliop of Canterbury, thankinge 
Cardynall Wolsey for a Jewell, verye Ryche, sent to be ofired 
to S* Thomas of Canterburye, &c. 



6. From the Same to the Same. 

(Sends to the Cardinal, Sir Henry, the parson of Sevenoaks ; who has 
used "nnfitting language of his Grace." Hopes Wolsey will be "good, 
gracious, and piteous " to the poor man, and not commit him to prison.) 

Pleace it your grace, I have sent unto the same oone Sir 
Henry, paroche prieste of Sevenocko, which (as it is surmised) 
hath used unfitting langage of your grace, otherwise then semyd 
h}Tn to do. Upon communication hadd w* hjrm, I perceived 
hym well willing to come unto yo' grace, to geve attendaunce 
oone the same for his excuse, which trustythe that yo' grace 
wolbe good graciouse and pituouse to hym, seing he is so well 
willing to come to yo' grace ; he is a pow' prieste, and pitie it 
is, my lord, that he shuld be extreamely entreatyd w*all or co- 
m}i:ted to prison ; he is unhable to susteyne or beare any great 
charge or coste, and I doubt not but if it might lyko yo' grace 
to be graciouse lord unto hym nowo, he wilbe at all tymes 
the rediar to owe unto yo' grace his service. As towching the 
matier that yo' grace and I had communication, concernyng 
Tonebrige on Monday next ensueing, I entend, by Godes 
grace, ther to bee, and as I shall spede, so I will ascerteyne 
yo' grace. At Otford, the xxij day of Juno. 

At yo'^ graces commaundment, 

Will^m Cantuar. 








<!-. 

4 



? 



\&m 








ARCHBISHOP WABHAMS LETTERS. 19 

InihnM : To ths most reverend father in God, and my verey 
BiDguler good Lord, my lord Cardinall of Yorke, legate de la- 
tere, hie good grace. 



7. From the Same to the Same. 

(Jfiu-TDla not a little that ho bad not received the Eiog'a letters, na 
othera hod done, in time ronvcnient, demanding u levy of fifty perions, 
" Buffiuieatly harnesaed to do the King's grace furvice in his wara," All 
able persons had boen already taken up by other men, and it won not tot 
his poor honesty " to send forth upon haate unable pcrsonB and other 
mea'a leavingEi.") 

Pleace it yo' good grace to understand that thia ssii"' day of 
Aprile, in tLo eveuynge, sitting at my supper, I receyved the 
Kingea grace mooat honorable letters, dated at Richemount, the 
ix* day of tho said moneth, by whicho I am commaunded to 
send to Grenewiche fj^Vy table persons sufficiently harnessed, 
to do the Kingea grace service in his warres, by tho last day of 
this moneth of Aprile, My Lord, I morvale not a litolle what 
it ahuld meane, that the Kinges grace said letters were not do- 
liverd unto mo in tjTue conveniente, as other menn receyved 
the Kingea grace letters directed trnto tiiaim ; and righte aory 
I am that I can not accomplisae the Kingea grace pleasir con- 
teyned in the said letters, bireason of the late receyvyng of thoea 
letters, and for lakke of tyme sufficient. Suche hable persons 

were nygho unto me hereabonghte bee taken up alrody by 
other men, whiche I was contented to permitte and suffer, seing 
that I had no letters or other commaundemente from the Kinges 
grace on that behalf, and to send furthe npoun hast unhable 
persons and other mennys levinges 1 think it shuld not stand 
beet w' my power honeste. And now to send to ferther places, 
iks to Cauntrebury, Charring, or thoes quarters, for chosing and 
preparing of the said fyfty persons, I suppose my labors and 
costes in that behalf ehuld bee voide and in vayne, forasmuche 
as it is not possible for me to send thaim to Grenewiche by the 
day appointed. Wlierefor I besecUe yo' grace of yo' greate 
goodnes, the premisses considered, to bee meanes to the Kingea 
noble grace, that his highues take no displeasire w' mc for that 
I can not ihroughe lakke of tyme prepare and send iiirthe the 

c 2 



ARCHBISHOP WABHAH 8 LEITEBS. 

said fyfty persona to bee at Grenewiche at the day appoinci 
Wliereby yo' good grace shal ever bynd mo to bee at yo' com- 
maundempnt. And in caaa it ehalbe the Kingps grace pleasire 
to appoincte me a sufficient tyme and a longer day to prepare, 
and send fiirth the said number (His graces pleasire knowen) I 
wol not faile to do my dutty in that behalve accordingly. Writ- 
ten at my Manor of Otford, the xxii"' day of Aprils, [1522?] 
At your graces comman dement, 

WiLL*M Caktdab.| 

Lidorsril : To the moost Eeverend father in Ood, and t 
verey aiugulier good lord, my Lord Cardinall of York and I 
gate de Latere is grace. 



8. From the Same to the Same. 

(Regrets that he cannot be at Lambeth "lomorrow next," accoHing I 
the King's pleasure. Has no proTUion there. Will be there however W 
Friday or Saturday nest.) 

Please it yo' grace to undrestand that this present day, het 
the siiii"* day of this instant moneth, I have receved yo' lovi 
lettres, wherein yo' grace writeth that for certcyn urgent s 
greate causes, it is the Kinges graces pleasir and yours t 
I shuld be at Lameliith tomorowe next. My singular ^ 
Lorde, there is no subject of the Kinges grace that wold l 
gladder to accomphshe his Highnes conimaun dement and y 
graces pleasir than I to my litle power wold be ; howbeit, c 
sidering that my horses be at livcrey at Charring, and that j 
have ccrteyne provision made, aawel at Canterbury as at (~ 
ring, and also that I have no provision made for me at Lamehitn' 
ayenst my commyng thider, I see not howe it is possible or 
convenient for me to be at Lamehith in ao hasty spede, and 
namely myne age considered and distance of place. Albeit I 
shal make as good and spedy diligence as I conveniently can 
to bo ther by Friday or Saturday next, to give attendance on 
the Kinges Highnes and yo' grace accordingly. I humbly be- 
eeche yo' grace to thinke no slaknes in me ; and so I trust that 
thorough yo' graces loving information the Kinges Highnes wil 
take no displeaair anempst me, bicause I can comm no souer to 



ARCHBISnOP WABHA1I S LETTERS. 



21 



Lnmeliitli than is before ; for if I cowde possibly be ther rather, 
I wold not faile bo to be. At Maidestone, the xiiii''' day of 
Marche, [1623?] 

At yo* graces commann dement, 

WiLL*ir Cantuab. 

hulorf'l : To the moate reverend fadre in God, and my sin- 
g'lar good Lord my lord Cardinal of Yorkes grace, Legate a 



9. From thb Same to the Same. 



(The proceedings against Muster Bawlyns, Warden o 
in Oxford.) 



Merton College 



Pleace it yo' good grace to undoratand that, acording to yo' 
graces mynde and pleacire, I have made abbreviat of the de- 
positions of the fealowship of Merton college, concemyng 
inniater Rawlj-ns' cause, whiche I send now unto yo' grace w' 
the origiuall depositions. The hole niatier resteth uponn trialle 
of V. articles : — ferst, is whether maister Rawlyns hath been in- 
tolerable in the said college ; secunde, whether he hath been 
unprofutiible to the same; third, whether he hath diminished 
the Btate of that college in thinges moveable or immoveable ; 
fourthe, whether he hath duely observed thexeiciso of lemyng 
there ; fyvoth, whether he hath dimintsshed the numbre of the 
fealijws of the same. And in all the said articles maiiey of the 
eaid felowshipps, ten in number, have deposed against maister 
Itawtings, atid have shewed diverse and manifold reasons and 
caiuies to every article why they have so deposed, as it may 
evidently appere unto yo' grace, by the said abbreviat, not va- 
riengo from the original], but in brevj-ug of the matier. Li 
the whiehe abbreviat at thende of depositions, in every article, 
ft aumme is set, shortly comprising the contentes in the same. 
And in like wise bee orderd the depositions of such as doeth 
that in thaim is, to excuse master Rowlyna in the said articles, 
which so deposing bee fyve in nurahev. But after thair depo- 
sitions no siunme is set, bicause the raoost jiart of thaim is but 
08 a summe in it self. It may pleace yo' good grace, at yo' 

' Richard Rawlyns Has olci-tcd Warden of Merton College, Oxford, 
December \\), 1508, and deprived of the B[uue olHuc. September 10, 152L 



22 



ARCHBISHOP WAHHAM'S UnTEItS. 



leysare, to se and ponder al the said depositiona, as yo' (^ 
shall tMnk it best, and moost expedient. At my tnano^ c^ 
Croidon, the xxviiij"* day of Marche, [1521 ,] 

At your grade commaandement, 
WlLL^M Cantda] 
Indorsed : To the moost Reverende father in God, and I 
Bpecial good Lord, my Lord Cardinallo of York and Legatol 
latere is good grace. 



10. Fbom the Same to the Same. 

(Has railed the clergj together of his peculiars and the parts adjo( 
ing. and hoe exhorted them to set a good example in compljiog with tl 
King's demand for a Bubsidy. Finds but " small towardness " i 
such as be connepted with coayentiia] foundations are rery t 
grumbling, beirauae '* of such honaes as be now newly suppressed." 
Tiaes forbearance, as it is not good policy "to broaeh too many n 
of displcaeore at once.") 

Pleace it yo* grace to underatande that now of late I c 
before me, by vertne of the Kinges graces most honorable I 
ters, the clergie of a good parte of my peculiars, and s 
deaneryea nigh adyonyng unto me. In whomo when (aft' I 
reding of the preamble of the Kinges graces instructions, i 
aft' all other exhortations that I could devise and speke i 
thaym), I found but small towardnes to thentent that 1 
shuld not be example to other to refuse and deuye the greni 
required, and for the respecte of the holynes of this tyme ■• 
Easter, in which it was not convenient to bynd thayme to 8 
tendaunce fromo thaire cures, I have geven thayme a faiiJ 
day, the Thursday in the Easter weke. 

I have hadd communication w* the moat parte of the hedi 
of religiouse houses, possessioners wHn Kent, whiche have a 
Bwerd by mouthe, that by reason of povertie they be not i 
to contrihut*- as they bo required. Notw'standing inasmochl 
they hadd conventcs annexed unto thajrme, w'out whome i 
thowglit tiiey might not make any resolute annswer in 
behaifo, they desired respite, to have communication w' thair 
brethren, whiche I have graunted thaj-mo, advising thayme to 
loke more depely and more eubstancially on the matier, and 



ARCHBISHOP WABHAMS LETTEHS. 2?> 

make a better annswer in avoiding of farther dannger. I aa- 
Biire jo' gi-ace tliat suche as be of the rehgion of suche howses 
as be nowe newely siippresed, grudgeth sore therat, whether it 
wer better or no to spare the proceding ferther therin tyll thia 
greate matier of the kingea grace be ended. I referr it to yo' 
grace, albej-t it hath been thowght good policye, in tymea past, 
not to broche to many inatiera of displeasur at ons. 

My chancello' hath been in other places of Kent to practise 
w' the clergy for ther graunte ; and what he hath found therin, 
this berar, my aervaunte, William Potken, which was present 
w' hym in every place, may at large enforme yo' grace, if it 
BhaU pleace the same to geve hym audience, to whom I dealer 
yo' grace to geve credence in this behalfe, I have nowe writen 
to yo' grace concemyng bothe the spiritualtie and temporaltie 
of such thingea as be don already. If I wcr present w' yo' 
grace, I could sbewe no more aa yet, as I shall further hire and 
see, 30 in this matier 1 shall advertise yo' grace from tyme to 
tyme. At Otford, the xij'" day of Aprilc, [1528.] 

At yo' graces conunaundment, 

WiLL*M Canthak. 

Jniiwied : To the moat Reverend father in God, and my 
verey aingnler good lord, my Lord Cardinal 1 of Yorke and 
legate de latere his good gracfi. 



11. Feok the Same to the Same. 

(Complains tliat he is disquieted in Lib juriediction by the Cardinal's 
officers, contrary to law ; liegs that Wolaey will look to this, ba he 1ms 
ollcn promised to take sway no put of the juriBdietion of the Arcli- 
bishop, who thiokB that this is done without the Cardinal's eognizance.) 

Pleace it your most honorable grace to nnderatnnd that your 
OfBcers^ as Doctor Dolman w' other, very busiely inquietith me 
and my jurisdiction, specially of my courte of Audience of 
causes, apperteynj-ng to me in the right of my church, bireason 
of the legacy graunted to the some, thorowgh their inhibitions 
calling ahnaner of causes out of my liandea and of my said court, 
being their at the sute of parteis, or of more olfice, or of pro- 
motion of any party. And ao at length, the same contynued, 
my jurisdiction of my audience sbuld be ostincted. Wherein, 



'2i JLsiCEJSuSi^ y "W ^ r^" « V * v» *.t>. ^ 



JT • . • • • 






zzJuCh i\r\L:h'r Kri-r ^zl.\-\ yy. "iLr-r:. ire— ji:::t. -»ii::: ilkiZ re lie 
vlrnv-T*- T.-rj t-j.ii irrhvr v. i. i: ilir ilv \*.-^ rei^-r^^-e, I siaZl 

iLil^JCrr ;i:^^^:f^ lli'jvlir •.•■.»V:LC *:■■. ^It Si^Lr ii. "!3: r»^Vv"rJ.. iis I 
*ill IL.&1I.T '.«Tl-.'T*r "W^Vi:.*.. }-•.»• vi;:'. I. * 7 ■.•! T^TTi^ie T .■ZT ^Tr&r:»r '■TtlfT 

• - ■ • • 

• a ■ - . - 

/ \">^ ■ . T: :!•: iii^rT-r E^rTerrLd &tlrr ir: G:»d. &r.d mv 
vvrr r::ii6r:"-:r ^•^.•yi ':rde.. iit Iird C&rdiiill :: Yirkv. legate- de 



12. Fi^'.x THi Sijci r-: tei Saxi. 

In ht !!:>:■?: Liml'.e ai;d 2:>: *: horrie wise I cc'^mnende me 
!•:■ v-:-' ^*>'.'d ST&.:-^. Ai:d where I ain iufcrraed thai it bathe 
j.'.':Afyri the K:r ge^ mx-sT ii-iKe grace i-:» name to the bisshop- 
ricL*r -f Lci-d::: i::.a:^^er CutWn TllIl^Ia]2. znaister of the Rolles, 
&: T'/ ETTiEicf'r sf-^i-i^ill commendation, fiinheraimce, and promo- 
Tiv-r;. I ZLhzJk y-/ sTX-d grace therefor, as hertlv as I can : and 
::* 2-T j-r-w^r r,j.izAOJi vo' grace cr-uld not have owe^i yo' favor 



ARCHBISHOP WARHAMS LETTERS, 23 

in that behall' more honorably and lawdaLlj than to the said 
maister Tunstall, being a man of so good lernyng, vertuc, and 
sadnes, whiche shalbe righte meto and convenient to entertaine 
ambassiators and other noble atranngers at that notable and 
honorable citie, in the absence of the Kingis moost noble grace, 
if it shall than fortune yo" good grace to bee also absent. And in 
promoting auche.a man to that dignite yo' grace hath doen that 
thing that I doubt not shalbe to the Kinges grace greate plea- 
sire coutinuiiUy, whereby yo' grace shalle purchase manifold 
thankes of his noble grace. And I, whiche am many weyes 
bownd unto yo' grace alredy, am now muche more bound onto 
yo* grace for yo' said favors shewed to the said maister Tun- 
stall, in recompensing of the whiche, if there were any thing in 
my power wherin I myght or couM do yo' grace plesir, suerly I 
wold bee right glad to do it. But where I can none other 
thing doo for yo' good grace, but pray for the preservation of 
the same, yo' grace shal not faile to have mo yo* continual! 
orator, and the said maister Tunstall yo' faithfuil servant and 
Bedeman during his life (I doubt not). Finally, it is mervel- 
lows gi-eate pleaair and comfort to se the Kinges moost noble 
grace (whiche is aingulierly lomed himself) to bestowe his 
greate promotions to very well lemed men. At my power 
house of Otford, the :[ix"' day of January, [1522.] 

At yo' graces commaundement, 

WiiJ.*M Cahtdar. 
Indorteil : To the moost Reverende father in God, and my 
singnlier good lord, my lord Cardinall of York and legat a la- 
tere is good grace. 



1^. From the Sahe and ma Fellow-Couuissionebs to 
Cabdisai, Wolsby. 



(Difficulty of ccllecUDg the k 



D the county of Kent.) 



Please it yo' grace, so it is suche persons as have landes or 
goddes vnder xx"" downewardes, wer never yet assembled befor 
the Kinges grace Comissioners, and such persons of whome 
the more parte hath but litle substaunce, be more apte to make 
more busyues then men of greater Mubstaunce woll, And in as 



26 



AUCIIBISnOF WAEHAMS LETTERS. 



mooli as the said persons of small substaimce bo farr moo in 
nomeber than tJie otlior sorteis bee, whicli indcscrete multitude 
it Bbalbo verey hard to ordi-e, bicause multitudes comouly be 
more ruled after thaire own selfe wilfulnea than after good rea- 
son or discretion, and some woll fall iu to fumes, and so fallen 
woll not be ruled by other persons, nether can or woU well rule 
or ordre thaymselvea, wo desier yo' grace to know yo' mynd 
and pleasure, whether ye shall thinke it best to assemble thaym, 
whorae if wo shuld call befor us, we suppose we shall have moche 
bosynes w' thayme, and litle profecte shall ensue therof to the 



Item, the Kingea graces said subjectes dwellith far aparte, 
and the nomber of theym is gi'eate. Some of tbeym having 
skauto money to bring theymselves to Canterbery or other 
places wber we haue appoincted to sitt, will sore grudge to 
labo', so farr leiving tliair husbaimdry. And whether it shall 
stand w' yo' graces pleasur that the Kinges graces Comia- 
eionera, which have devided theymselves in to diverse him- 
dredes, shall or no aitt-e by vertue of the Kinges graces comis- 
aion {whiche they have now in the said hundredes to theym 
allotted, and call befor theym such persons as be under the some 
of xx", as is abovGsaid, we pray yo' grace that we may kuowe 
yo' graces ad^-iso and counaaill. And in caas it shalbe yo' 
graces pleasure, that the said comissioners may sitte as is be- 
foraaid, theaaid greate nombre shall aasemble in diverse places, 
and not to gether, in avoyding thor greate expenses, coostes, 
and charges. And the rather it shall pleace yo' grace to ascer- 
teyne us of yo' graces ploaaur, the sonor and better this matier 
Bhalbo handled. 

Finally, the comon fame and brute of theia parteis is that 
the Kinggea Hieghnea hath remytted the paymentes of such 
eomea of money as wer demaundcd of the Kinges graces snb- 
jectos of the Citie of London, which fame and brate, as it is 
thowght, hath duon litle good here. 

Item, we have sent unto yo' grace the coopy of suche our 
lettrea as we have sent unto the E^nges hieghnes. At CanP- 
bery, the third day of May, [1525 ?] 

At yo' graces comaundment, 
Wii,L*« Cantoae, Thomas Boleyn, 

T. LOED COBHAW, HeKBY Gui.DKFOUD. 



ARCHBIBHOP WABHAM S LETTEES. 2i 

Indorsed : To the most Reverend father in Glod, and onr 
verey siuguler good Lordj Lord Cardinall of Yorkc and Legate 
de Latere his good grace. 



14. Fkom Aechbishop Warham to Cardinai. Wolsev. 

(WiU do Lis beat to indiiL-e Ibe clergy to contribute a sixUi to the King's 
hm ; eeet however there is oa great unton'ardQeM in thiH behalf in thu 
clergy sa in the laity ; rather more. la hardly pressed for money him- 
self, as his famiera cannot obtain Liti reota, and he has already paid, upon 
privy seok, 2500 raarks, for whifli he has not bi'en reimbursed, Hopes 
that the same FaTOur n hich has been extended to his fellow- comnussionera 
in Kent, will be granted to himself) 

Pieace it yo' grace to understand that I have received yo' 
kynde letters, writen at Hampton Conrte, the v"" day of this 
present moneth ; by the whicli I perceve that whor the Kinges 
grace hertofore demaunded of the clergy the thirde parte of 
their revenues, his highnes wilbe nowe contentod to have the 
yj**" parte of the said revenues : in the which mater yo' grace 
desireth to knowe myne opinion. My Lord, except I mought 
perceve 8om to wardenes in the clergy for making of thiagrannte, 
it shold be hard for me to shewe myne opinion therin. How- 
beit by snche communication as I have had lately with diverse 
religiose persons to whom the Kinges graces letters were directed 
for this cause, and also by their aunswera delivered to me in 
writing, which aunswers, aft' my retnme to Otford, I shal send 
to yo' grace, I perceve more intowardenes than towardenea in 
this behalve, and like wise in other the clergy. Notw'standing 
I shnlbe glad to induce theym to grannie the said vj"" parte as- 
rauche ns I can, and to doo al other thiuges according to the 
teno' of yo' graces said letters. 

My lorde, I thinke yo' graces opinion in the premisses to be 
good, ii' the religiose men and the clergy wold be induced to 
condescend to the same. Whcrto that they may inclync, I shal 
nse al meanes possible after my ponerwy tie, Howbeit I see not 
but that tlier is as grete intowardenes in the said religiose men 
and clergy as in the temporaltie, and rather more, and specialy 
rehgiose men which (as they sayeth) have eolde their plate and 
jowelles, and som have laycd their landes to morgage, and some 



e churche, clercly allegctli Lacrraiioso 
grete poTprtw. 

Aa toochiiig y</ f^ncen writing for payeng of my parte to the 
KingfH gmce at tliu tymo : My Lord, for Ifao scTvion that I 
owe to hiH gTKcr, I wuuld be as glad (ue any eubjn-t of hts 
IiighQes, an I have alwnyea be,) to hclpe his grace at thin tyme 
vrith tluit eutntne tliat I might conveniently ber, though it wer 
gri'tcly to my pcyntt ; howbeit, coosidering the chiirges of tbo 
koping of my howso, and the payeng alredy of the loonp money, 
smouuting to the Bumme of m'm' and v' markcs, for the repay- 
ment whunjf 1 have certeyn private seales, whereby I was pro- 
mi8i>d to bi> rcpayvd long befor this tyme, and as yet am not 
payed ; considoriug al^o tbc reparations of places aiid londee 
belonging to ray churche, which woold faU downo if the same 
wer not furthwith repaired, and also other grt-le charges to mo 
necoHiiarily belonging, bceides the money graimted by the Ust 
convocation, which money by me to be payed ammounted to no 
litle Humuie ; and alito conitidering the charge:! that I have had 
in tymoM piuitt, and nowo have by reason of the Kinges graces 
commifliriona concemyng temporal causes ; and that at now my 
beeing in thoBc parties, my Eoceivo'a cowde receve of my firmars 
for my dimid yeres rent due at East' last no mor money but 
xxij", which finnarM iillegeth grete povcrtie, affirming that they 
be not able to pay to the Kinges grace the money gi-aunted at 
the iuHt luirlittiiient :* it is very harde for me nowe at this time 
to pay the said demaunde. Albeit, as long as I have money, I 
fthalbc contented to doparte to his grace asmuehe as I may, and 
moro. Please it yo' gi-ace to kuowe that her is grete excla- 
mation in al this cuntrey, aswel amonges the spiritualtie as 
the tempoFftltie, of very muche povertie and charistie of money. 
Wher yo' grace writeth that the Kingea grace tmsteth that 
I wilbe contowted to pay the hole summe of money by me to 
bo payed, mentioned in his graces lettres to rae addressed : 
my lordo, I ussiir yo' grace that as toching any graunte of any 
KUinrae of money by me to be payed, I received no letters from 
the Kiugviii grace, but 1 receved daverse letters from his faighnoa, 
directed to diverne religiose persona of this my dioces, which 
letUirs 1 have delivered ncoordingly ; and what summe was put 
uu myni-' hed yi' graeo bunt knoweth, howbeit I am not per- 
JHsHy remembriid thurof. 

1. 1S23. 




AHCHBISHOP WARilAMS 

Wher yo' grace writeth that I ahuld tbe rather pay at this 
tyme because I ahalbe repayed by Michaelmas next of tliat 
money which I last avauni-'ed to the Kingea grace by wey of 
loone, ray lord, the said money was promised to be repayed 
to me at Candilmas last, which as yet I have not receved. 
Howbeit, if I had x"" li, of money, I wold be as glad to make 
loone thereof to the Kinges grace at this tymo, w' as good a 
wil and mynde as any man living wold doo. 

My lord, wher it hath pleased tie Kinges good grace of his 
singular grete goodenes to remitte to his commiasioners and 
other hia graces temporal eubjecta of this his countie of Kent, 
which have made airedy graiinte half the summea of money 
at the first sitting demaunded, as by his graces newe instmc- 
tiona it appereth ; I trust, and so humbly beseche yo' grace 
to be mediate' for me to his highnes, that in consideration of 
my charges and peynes in his graces causes, austeyned by his 
graces commauntbnent, I for my parte may be in no worse 
condition than any of his graces said commissioners or Bubjecta 
bo ; howbeit, as I have before writen, I shalbe glad to doo that 
that may lye in litle power for th'accomplisshiog of his graces 
high pleasir. At Maydeaton, the viij''' day of May, [1525,] 
At yo' graces commaundment, 

WlLL*M CaNTCAR. 

Inilorsc'J : To the moste reverend fadre in God, and my veray 
singular good lord, my lord cardinal of Yorkc and legato de 
latere his good grace. 



15. Wakham and his Fellow-Commissioners to 
Hen 81 VIII. 

(Commending the litierat flpirit of the inhabitants of Kent, who had 
"kin<ily, freoly, and wiliingly offi^red their bodiei, lives, and gooda." to 
serve the Kin^. Tliej [■onsider themselves more bound to this, not only 
as he ia "a loving, kind, and valiaut Prince," but as he taliee himself to 
huvo been bom in £^Dt. and funsequently has shown special favours to 
that i^onnty.) 

Pleace it yo' uoble grace to understand that we and other 

' yo"" gracs Cummiasioners, to the noroeber of bcxi or thera- 

bowghts, assembled at yo' Cilie of Canterbury the second and 



80 



AHCriBrSHOP WABHAM 8 LETTERS. 



third dayes of this monith of Miiy, Wter appcred befor ns ut 
the said dayes, thinlutbititanU of diverse hundreds of this 
Bhiro of Kent, to whom we ehewed yo' gr&cs hi<?gh pleasor, ac- 
cording to your gracB commission, and other yo' gracs honor, 
able Ires to theyin directed ; and to write unto yo' grace all 
onr communications, exhortations, and other sayingi;. it sbold 
be very tediouse to yo' grace to rede ; Not w^standing, Snallv, 
all yo' said subjects kindly, frely, and willingiy offerd thpr 
bodies, lyves, and gudde, to servo yu' grace as fur as tier 
bodies, lyves, and gudds will extend, as yo' trewe, liege, auci 
natural! subjects oweth to doo; And if ther pow' and sub- 
Btannnce wer as good as thor willes, tlioy wold depart w' every 
thing that yo' grace wold deniauud of theym. It was said 
emonga them that yo' graco did take great displeasor ayenst 
theyin, which thing they takith hevely and eorowfully, humble 
beauching yo' grace to take no ferther diapleasor ayenst theym, 
thowgh at the first demaund they made diflicnltie, (for tiiey 
thowglit it better »o to do, then expreesoly to proniesse any 
certaino Sommu to yo' grace, and when yo' grace having nede 
of the same, they shuld not be able to pay and satisfy acconl- 
ing to ther promcsse, w^ thing mought cause yo' graco to tak 
more displeasor w* tlieym, then for thair first rcfuaall. And all 
thoea yo' subjects w''' wo have already called befor us, knoweth 
right well thut yo' grace take yo' selfe as born in Kent, and 
Blwayes have bom yo' grucs special] favora to the same. Wher- 
for they thiukkith thoymselves the more bound to serve yo' 
grace with ther bodyes, lives and gudds, and so in ther most 
humble wise they besechith yo' liicghnua to accepte theym, 
notw'standing any enformation made to the contrary, w'^'' yo' 
said subjects debiere as to certify yo' grace of this ther mynds 
and offertures, wishing that thoy hadd now asmoch goodde as 
ever thoy hadd in ther lives, and then yo' grace shuld right 
well perceive howe liberally they wold contribute to yo' grace, 
flbr they say openly ther be no subjects leving that have a mcn-e 
loving, inor kind, and mor valiant Prince then they have of yo' 
grace ; and so in thair most humble wise they besechith yo' 
grace to conlynue the same. And this ther offertures and an- 
swers preceded only of thejTuselves, and not by eiidncyug of 
ns or any other yo' graca commissioners, Hbr wo shewed tlieyin 
we Iiudd no such Instructions to admytt ther offertni-cs, albcyt 
wc shewod theym that we wold eertifye yo' grace of thair good 



ARCHBISHOP WABHAM's LETTEIIS. 



31 



niynds, trusting vert-ly that yo' grace will accept the same lov- 
ingly and tliankfiilly, no tw' standing thpy saytli that in all the 
premissea they be contented to be ordred by yo'' grnca charita- 
ble conscience, ainguler wisedome and goodnes. And seing 
theys their loving aunswera, we permittLid theym to departo 
untill yo' graca farther pleaaur may be knowen in this behalfe. 
J'iiially, we did rede to theym the minute of theis o' Ires, and 
alao deliverd the samo minute to theym in place wher we dyd 
aytt in commission, which, aft' that they w' good deliberations 
had redcn it, they furthw* redcliverd to us ayen, sajnng that 
tliey wer tberw' contented, which ordre we used to thentent 
they should not thinke that we do certify yo' grace otherwise 
than they have aayd to ua. It is a common fame and brute in 
tlicis parteia that yo' grace hath remitted the payments of such 
Sommes of mony as wer dcmaunded of yo' gracs subjects of 
yo' citie of London, w'*" fame and brute (as it is thowght) hath 
don but btle good her, [1525]. 



16. From Ahchbisdop Wakham to William Wiietnal 

ANTJ Othees, 

(Appointing a certain day for them to certify to him the feelings of llie 

inliabitiuita as to a proposal for fouaUing a grammar-school at Timbridge.) 

1 coramendo mc to you j and whero at my late beeing at 
Tunbrige I required you and other thiuhabitnntcB of the same 
towne and of other places ny adioynyng, to be here before me 
this day, to ehewe you and their myndes in writing whethir ye 
and they shuld thinke it more expedient to have a free Scolo 
of grammer founded at Tnnbrige, for xl scolers, mennya chil- 
dren of those parties, and they afterward tobe promoted to 
Oxford, having exhibition for their fyndyng at scole there, 
orelles to have the contynuance of the prioury there, as it hath 
be used in tymea past ; so it is that a good multitude of the 
said townc, according to the said appoinctement, hath be here 
with mo this present day, shewing aswel by mowthe as by 
writing, that they thinke it more expedient to have the conti- 
nostion of the said monastery, w' the priour and his convent, 
thanne to have a grammer scole ; and they have presented a 
booke of diverse persona names, their neybours, in a gret« num- 
bro, which, na they saieth, bo of like myndc in that behalve. 



32 ARCiiBisnop wariiam's letters. 

And considering that ye were assigned to be here tliis day w* 
me in like wise, to make aunswer of yo' opinion and raynde in 
this mater, with the names of asmany as be of like mynde as 
ye be of, I gretely mervaile that ye comme not hider to shewe 
yo' aunswer therein accordingly. Wherefore I requir you to 
be here w* me on Monday next, by ix of the clok before noone^ 
to make and ley in yo' aunswere in this behalve, as ye shal 
tbinke good, w* the namys of asmany other persons as be of 
yo' opinion and mjTide in the same mater : to thentent that I 
may certify my Lord Cardinal thereof accordingly; and yo' 
myndes knowen I shalbe glad that suche order and wey may 
be taken in this mater as ye shal thinke may best stand with 
the pleasire of God and the common weale of thinhabitantes of 
that cuntrey, nowe beeing and which hereafter shalbe : and in 
case ye can not thus certify me by Monday next, then I requir 
you to certify me of yo' mynde, and of others of like myndes, 
at Maidestonne, on Sancte Thomas day next commyng. If ye 
had made yo' aunswer herein, I m ought have certified my said 
Lord Cardinal thereof furthw*, howbeit by yo' delay I am com- 
pelled to differre the said certificat. At Otford, the last day of 
Juny [1525]. 

WiLL^M Cantuar. 

Addrcssfifl : To my right welbeloved William Whetnal, Wil- 
liam Waller, and Henry Fane, and to every of thejTn. 

Indorsed : Thinliabytauntes of Tunbridge had rather theyre 
Pryory stode still than to have a schole for xl children, to bo 
sent thence to Oxford. 



17. From the Same to Cardixal Wolsey. 

(The state of feeling among the inhabitants of Tunbridge. at the sup- 
pression of the Priory there, and the proposal to found a free school.) 

Pleace it yo' grace to understand, that upon sight of yo' late 
letters, I wrote immediately to certerae substantial persons of 
Tunbrige and theraboutes, to be advertised by theym, what 
murmur or brutes were made there concemyng the prioury 
there, and if any suche were, the same tobe diligently sup- 
pressed. Whereupon this morenyng I have receved aunswere 



ABCHBISnOP WAHIIAM S LETTERS. 



that there is none other mmoor or coram imi cation there, but 
only that thinhabitantes of that towne, and otliora ny adiojnyng 
to the eame, had tevjT to have the aaid pltice not supprcBsod 
than the contrary, if it might so stand with the Kinges Highnes 
pleasir and yo' graces ; whereimto they referroth their desires 
and myndes in that behalve. Howboit reaporte is made, that 
one Henry Fane and one or ij other peraons, lately beeing in 
variance and suyte with the late Priour, woM be glad to have 
the said priory suppressed, for fere lest if the Priour shuld bo 
restored, the said plee shuld contynue. And therefore, as it ia 
sayd, if any romo' be in this mater, it rysoth by the said Henry 
Pane and his adherentes. As toching the parochial prioate of 
Cranebroke, the trouth is, that this mater was publisshed by 
hym, to have the advises of thinhabitantes of Cranebroke, by 
the dcstr of theym of Tunbrige, bicaiise this mater concemeth 
aswel the commoditie of bothe places as the hole cuntrcy, and 
exhibition of their children at scole; and for this consideration 
they of Tunbrige required the myndes and counseile of the3Tn 
of Cranebroke, for excluding of variance betwene theym. 
Wherein they of Cranebroke be of like mynde and desire as 
they of Tunbrige, submitting theym selfes therein holely to 
the Kinge'a graces plcaair and yours. I assure yo' grace that 
if any suche rumour had be, I beeing so nye to sucbe places, 
doubte not but by some of my frendes thereaboutes, I shuld 
rather have herd of it than other foUces beeing at London. 
And whethir it be better to have the said inhabit-antes upon 
light persons, bettere suspected of making of murmours and 
brutes, or not, I romitte that to yo' graces singular wisedome. 
For if thies men shuld be suspected w'oiite a reasonable and 
sufficient ground, it might be occasion to cause theym to 
gnidge, where they nothing grudged or murmured before, At 
Otford, tbe third Day of July, [J 525?] 

At yo' graces ooraraaundenient, 

WlLL*M CaNTDAB. 

AiUresned : To the moat reverend fadre in Grod, and my very 
Eingnlar good lord, my Lord Cardinal of Yorke and Legate de 
latere is good grace. 



14 AECHBrWIOP fl-ARHAM8 LETTEHS. 

18. Fbov tub Same to thb. Same. 

(The Archbutiop'i Mint in the Palace at Cinterbiirr.) 

Pl^ftce it yoat good grace, so it is I am enformei], Ui&t ther 
be newe ordjuaunccs of late made, aswell conccrnyug the 
King<« graces Mjnto in liis Towro of London, as other Myntcs 
in other places of this hia graces Realme in times jiassed used 
ftod contyniied, for the comon and iisuall cnree of the Kinges* 
gntceit coyne from hensforth. lYorasmoch ob I donhte not bnt 
that your grace well knowithe, that by the graiinteii of dj-verse 
IdngeB, the Kinges graces noble progenitors, I and my prede- 
CMSors, ArchiebiBhopps of Canturbery, have alwayes hadd in 
the palace of Canturbery a mynte for coynage, to the grete 
commoditie and ease of the Kingea graces subjectea wSn tliis 
countie of Kent and otherwise, to thentent that I wold gladly 
that my said mynte ehnld in like maner and forme be ordred 
according to the said newe ordynaunces, I beseche yo' good 
grace to shewe and declare yo' graces ferther pleasur and 
mynde in this behalf, to my servaunt, Ewyn Tomson, this berar, 
kepar of my said mynte. Uppon knowloge wherof, I have com- 
mauiided Iiym to folowe the same in every thing accordingly. 
In g(K)d frvithe, my lord, I desire not this for any grete profecte 
or advauntaigc, that 1 shall have by this coynage, bnt only for 
the ease of suche the Kinges graces subjects as may more com- 
modiousely reasorte to Canturbery then to the Tower. At 
Knoll, the xvij"" day of November [1S28]. 

At yo' graces commanndement, 

WlLL*M CaNTPAR. 

IndoTned : To the mooat Reverende father in God, and my 
very singuler good lorde, my lords Cardimdl of Yorke and le- 
gate do latere hia good grace. 



19. From tbe Same to the Same, 

(BMpeaking Lia faTonr for Owen Tomson, the Msator of liis Mini at 
Cmterbniy, in bis suit with one Kobert Trappya, agoldflmith, orLondon.) 

Pleace it yo' grace to nnderstand that where one Owen Tom- 
son, which hath for the space of vj yeres occupied my Mynte 



ABCHBISHOP W.UiHAilS LETTERS. 



35 



at Cantrebury, sueth to yo' grace tobe hia good and gracioso 
lord in a mater of variance depending betwene liym and one 
Robert Trappys, goldesmith, of London, which, as I am in- 
formed, eummeth that his servaunt delivered to the said Tom- 
aon certen bolen tobe coigned, ammounting to a greate Bumme, 
and thereupon hath or intendeth to have the said Tomaon con- 
demned in London, contrary to right and good conscience, by 
reason that he ia of greate power and aubstance, as it is aayd ; 
truly I nevyr cowde percevo but that the said Tomson hath 
dealed wel and truely in al matiers betwene hym and mo ; and 
greate piety it were that he shuld be put to any wrong, or be 
oppressed by might or power. Wherefore, in moate humble 
wise I beaeche yo' grace tobe good and graciose lorde to hym 
in his reasonable and rightuose suetiea to yo* grace, the rather 
for this my humble instance and power petition. Whereby it 
is tobe trusted that yo' grace shal doo a right meritorioae and 
charitable (urte, byuding hym tobe yn^ perpetual bedesman. At 
Otford, the xriij" Day of Aprilc. 

At yo' graces com maun dement, 

WlLL*M Caktoar, 

Aihlrt'sseil : To the moste Reverend fadre in God, and my 
very singular good lorde, my Lorde Cardinal of Yorke and 
Legate de latere ia good grace. 



20. Feom the Same to tse Sajie. 

(Beapccting his Mint at Caaterbnry.) 

Pleace it yo' grace to understand that aswel by my brother 
the Prior of my church of Christeschurch which was lately with 
yo' grace, as by the kepar of my Mynte at Canterburj-, this 
bcrar, named Ewjm Tomson, I am informed, that of yo' singu- 
lar goodenes it hath pleaced yo' grace to be favorably mynded 
towardes me and my said churche, for the contynuance of my 
said mj-nte, according to the grauntea of the Kingea graces 
most noble progenitours, and by hia highncs lettrea patentes 
confirmed. For the which yo' graces most loving favours in 
my most humile and hertiest wise 1 thanke yo' grace, and 

D 2 



AKCirraSIlOP WAKHAH S LETTERS. 

I tor tlxe Hpcdyer accomplishement of this thing yo' grace 
mnded my sayd aervannt, tbis borar, to repayr to llobert 
hoHO advJBO aud cotinceile is tliat I ehnld ewe to ihv 
I grace for the obteynyng of a bill tobo signed with his 
» hand, after the tenour of thia bill herein closed. How- 
WJt I Uiuught it not convenient for me to move his higlitics 
Uuretn nnlill I may first understand yo' graces farther mynde 
Knd plcaoir in the same. For if yo' grace be contonti'd to have 
ffucbe a bill signed by the Kmges highnea for yo' Myntes at 
Yorke and Dnresme, that knoiven, if yo' grace wil so advise 
le, I Mhal Eue to the Eingea grace for a like bille for my 
FKynte at Canterbuty. In thia matier, I humbly besecbe yo' 
grace I may have knowlege of your pleaair by this beror. At 
Knolle, Iho third Day of Deeembrc, [1328 ?] 

At yo' graces commaundement, 

WrtL'M Casttar. 

Adtlresned : To the most Reverend father in God and my 
very singular good lord, my lorde Cardinal of Yorke and legate 

do latere is good grace. 



21. FiiOM THE Same to Lord Rochfobd and others ok 
THE Council. 

(Giviag a detailed occooDt of his intfiricir with Deputies bom the 
Commons of Kent, who " desired to have tlipir loan-moucy agaiii.") 

In my hartie wise I commendo me to you, lykewiae thanking 
you for many kyndenes, aud for the poynes taken in the cause 
of William Cheke, my baily of the Bailywike of Croidon, in. 
whiche cause I have lately rcceivyd lettros from tlio Lady of 
Norffolk, in which she writeth that she supposith 1 will be at 
Lamhith shortely, albcyt 1 entende the contrarie, for I have 
many thinges to he donne in thocs partes. Wbereforo, inas- 
moche as she and I be no indifferent judges in this behalf be- 
cause tho matier concemyth me for my officor, and Iiyr for her 
sorvftuntes, I pray you to take peynes to ende yt. I dcsicr 
nothing but right and justice, according to the Kinges gracoB 
kwes. Our in caae this deyd shuld not be pnnisahede officere 
' Tlio King's gold«uith.. 



ABCHBI8H0P WABHAM S LETTEES. 



woll be lowthe to serve the Kinges gnicea writesj specially 
when they be layde and watuheti for to the peryll of theyr 
lives, as the said William was, (aa I am enformyd,) watched for 
twisae or thrisso. My Lady of Norffolke is very good, and I 
have bene likewise to hir, but she esensith hir servauntes holy 
by hir lettrea, and regardith litle the raatier. 

Also I advertise you, that one Sher' Thnrsday last, I was 
secretly infonnyd, that a gret numbre of yomen of the corni- 
trey woll shortely com to me, to desier me to be a meane for 
thaym to the Kinges grace, to have thair loone money agayne. 
Wheruppon I sent the discrotest of my house to stopp all 
Buch as I thought wold be adrised by me, that they shald in 
nowise appere in snche assembles, wherby I snppose a good 
numbre of the substanciall yomen of this countrey w'drew 
thaymselfes and apperyd not. Nevertheles, on tueaday in the 
Esterweke laste, came to my maner at Knoll' a multitude of 
yomen of the countrey, to the numbre of ono hundreth as it 
was supposed by thaym that sawe thaym, and they so a^sem- 
blyd toguyther, I sent downe unto them to know the cause of 
thayp assembly ; whcrunto they aunswored it waa to speke w' 
me. I than sent word unto thajin, that I wold be contented 
to hyre theyr matier by relation of v or vj of the diacreteat of 
theym, for to speke w' the hole multytude I thought it ehuld 
do rather harme than good. When the said vj peraones wer 
commen byfore me, I deraaundyd of theym what was the cause 
of thair commyng in suche multitude, and what thoy entendyd. 
They made aunswer that they and theyr neighbora at home 
being poore and nedy dcsyeryd me to be a meane to the 
Kingea grace to have thair loone money, offirmyng that they 
caused the greto numbre of thair neyghbors which had lyke 
cause to com, to tary at homo, and cam but ij or iij of a paroche, 
bycftuse they wold make no gret multitude to the disconten- 
tation of the Kinges moost noble grace. And than I said to 
thayme that they had not choacn the best tyme to speke in 
this mater, coneyderyng the gret charges that the Kinges grace 
hath hadd lately, and ferther waa lyke to snsteyne, if it sliuld 

' Knole. in Sevenoaka, wm purcliaaed by Boorohier of Lord Say and 
Sele, 3-1 Hen. YI. It continued to bo a rcfidence of the Aivlibiabopa till 
Craamer reaigncd it. with other palaces, to tiio Crown, W Hen. VIII. 
The King fnt^ncatlj vieiled Worluun at Bluole. It is now the ecutoftho 
Dowager Countcw of AjiJierat. 



38 AHCHBI8H0P WARHAM'S LETTEES. 

fortune his grace to entre in to warrys, which yet 
far as I know) in doubt*. And forther I reqoiryd of theym to 
shew who wer they that coniiBeUyd or moved thaym at that 
tyme so to assemble ; and they aunswerd forsothe, povertie only, 
affirmyng that many of thaym, and epecyally of thair naybors 
that tarryd at home, lackyd bothe mete and money ; and sayd 
ferther uppon thair othe, that no creatnre Ij-ving counsellycl 
thaym in this behalf, bnt their own myndes, one complaynyng 
to an other of thejT povertiea. AJbeyt I was enformed that 
some usyd the office of somnors in that behalf, of whom I 
wold have made inquisition, or this tymo which I have re- 
frayned to do hitherto, bycause I wold gyve uoo maner occa- 
sionne to incense the yncertaj-ne and wavering braynes of tha 
said multitude. For commonly in a multitude the more parte 
lack both wytt and discretion, and yet the same more part woU 
take npon theym to rule the wisor. Over this I rehersyd unto 
thaym that abought two yeres passed they made a lyke a8seia<~ 
biy, and came to me in lyke manor, and for the same cause 
the loone money, w' the which unlaufull assembly the 
grace was than not a lytle displeasyd, and howe the Eingea 
grace and his moost honorable counsell wold take this new 
assemble I sLewyd thaym I could not tell. They aunswerd 
that they trustyd verely that the Kingea grace wold take noo 
displeasure for the asking of the said loone, inasmoch as th^ 
wer hia true subjectes and woll lyve and dye in his cause, 
truBtyng that the Kingea grace woll have pietie and compas- 
sion uppon thcyr povertiea. Than I aakyd thaym why they 
came to me for thia maticr rather than to other of the com- 
uiissioners. They aunswered, bycause I was one of the chief of 
the commissioners, and one that chiefely practysed the loone 
w" thaym that so assemblyd. And theruppon they hombly bc- 
eeched me to be meano to doclar thaii* povertie to the Singes 
grace, and to speko for the having agaync of thair loone. Fy-| 
nally, I shcwyd that if they absteynyng from sucho unlawfbll'-' 
assembles, wold make thayr petytyon discretely in writing, I 
wold be eontcntyd to oEfer yt up to the Kinges grace w' the 
fiirthemnnce of my good worde, for I aaide to thaym that apon 
thayr wordcs I wold make no relation or suyt for thaj-me to the 
Eiugos grace, lest percaa I shuld say more or lease in thayr 
cause than they wold be contentyd w'all. Wherunto they 
atiUQwerd that thej- had Ijllc wyt to make siichc a 




ARCHBISHOP WAHHAM S LSTTEBS. 



39 



anJ alao could gete do man that wold write for thayni in tMa 
causo, seing it concemyth the Kinges higliaes. For they had 
di'syeryd diverse to do yt for thaym, which hadd refiiayd. And 
therfor they desyryd that som of my folkea might Iieipe to 
forme theyr aayd siipplication. But I sayd unto tliaym, that I 
wold not be of tliair coimaell in that behalf, no^-ther any of 
mjne shuld wiyt therin. And at all this communication wer 
present, Sir Edward Wotton, Knight, Maiater Thomas Wil- 
lughby, sergiaunt at the lawe, and Richard Clement, of the 
mote, Esqiiier. And so this company departyd contentyd w' 
myne aunswer as far as I could percey\'e, Albeyt I was eu- 
formyd that some lewde person emonge thaym spake unJyttiug 
wordes after they Imd been in the town and drunlte theyr till. 
And whether they well come any more, or bring any supplica- 
tion, or what ferther they woll doo, I can not tell ; desyring 
you to have yo' advise what aunswer I shall best make unto 
thaym, if they or any other shall come unto me for the sud 
matier. I have been enformyd that diverse hard and throtnyng 
wordes have bene spokene by diverse of thaym whicho wer 
afore me, ayenst thaym which promysed to come w' thaym and 
disapoinctyd thaym. But 1 trust in god ther shall no such 
thing fortune in thes partes. I have this by fayre wordes 
aunswerd and partely contentyd two assembles which have 
commeu unto mo in this matier, thinkyng veroly that by fayre 
wordes and jentyll interteynyiig they woll be better ordred 
than by rigoriouse meanys. At Otford, the xxij" day of Aprile, 
[1626 ?] 

Yo' WiLL*M Camtcab. 

Addrcuscil: To my Lorde viscount Hochforde, and to Sir 
Henry Goldford, Knyglit, Comptrollo'' of the Singes graces 
mooat honorable house, and to eche of theym. 



22. Thouas Bbnnet to Cabdikal Wolsby. 

(The Archbisliop declinca to lend his Utter for the use of tbe Lord Le- 
gate ttaj furtLer than Cimtorbury.) 

Pleas it yo' grace to be advertised that this day, the xxviij"' 
of September, at v. of the clocko after none, I delivered yo' 
graces lettres to my lorde of Cantorburie, whiche is content to 



40 ARCHBISHOP wabham's lettebs. 

Bend hys lytter to Dover for my Lorde Legate,* and »o to con- 
ducte hym to Cantorburie, and will in noo wysc lende the seid 
lytter any ferther, for he seithe he may goo ne ryde hymself, 
and to be with owte oon at hys nede he will not. And thus 
Ihu preserve yo' grace. At Cantorbnry, the foreseid day and 
houre ; yo' most humble chaplen and servaunt, 

[1528.] Thomas Benet. 

Afhlresse^l : To my Lorde Legates grace. 

Indorsed : Doctor Benet^ of the xxviij day of September. 



23. From the Same to the Same. 

(iDtrodnciDg to Wokey the celebrated "Nun of Kent/' Elizabeth 
Barton.) 

neace it yo' grace. So it is that Elizabeth Barton, being a 
Religiouse woman, professed in Sainct Sepulchres in Cant'bery, 
whicho hadd all the visions at onr lady of Courtopscet, a very 
weU disposyd and vertuonse woman (as I am enformyd by hir 
Busters), is very desierouso to speke w* yo' grace personally. 
What she hathe to say, or whether it be good or yll, I do not 
know ; but she hathe desyeryd me to write unto yo' grace, and 
to desior the same (as I do) that she may come to yo' graces 
presence. Whom when your grace have herde, ye may ordre 
as shall plcaco the same. For I assure yo' grace she hathe 
made very importune sute to me to be a meane to your grace 
that she may speke w* you. At Cant'bery, the first day of 
October, [1528?] 

At yo' graces commaundement, 

WiLL^M Cantuae. 

Addressed : To the moost Reverende father in god, and my 
very singular good lord, my Lorde Cardinall of Yorke, legate 
de latere, his good grace. 



The letters speak for themselves and need little illus- 
tration. . They have a double value for Kentish men ; 

' Campcjiui, then coming over to preside at the trial for the King's divorrc. 



AHCRBTSnOP WARHAM8 LETTERS. 



41 



first, as the correspondence of one of their Aichbiehops, 
a right famous man in his better days of Heury VIL, 
before he was eclipsed by Wolsey ; and secondly, for 
their local interest. 

Otford, from which several of them are dated, the fa- 
vourite residence of the Ai-chbishop. was rebuilt by him 
on his quarrel with the citizens of Canterbury, at the 
enonnous cost of £33,000. It pleased Henry VIIL to 
cast an eye of favour on the place, which was resigned 
by Cranmer to his Majesty in 1537. 

The College of Maidstone, originally the parish 
church of St. Mary of Maidstone, created into a college 
by Archbishop Courtenay, was parted with by Arch- 
bishop Cranmer to Henrj' on the same terms and at the 
same time. It is now part of the estate of Lord Kom- 
ney. Chaning, spoken of at p. 16, followed the same 
fete as Maidstone an<l Otford. It was part of the most 
ancient possessions of the Chui-ch of C'anterbury. Even- 
tually it passed into the hands of the Whelers. An 
account of its remains at the beginning of the last cen- 
tury is given by Hasted. (Hist, of Kent, iii. 213, n.) 
It may be needful to state that the Chronology of the 
letters has been detennined by internal evidence alone. 

Of the persons mentioned in these letters, William 
Whetnal, at p. 32, was of HextaUs, in East Peckham ; 
William Waller, of Groombridge, a collateral ancestor 
of the poet ; Henry Fane, of Hadlow, of the lineage of 
the celebrated Treasurer of Charles I.'s time. Sir Ed- 
ward Wotton, at p. 39, was of the Wottons of Bocton 
Malherbe ; Richard Clement, of the Mote, in Ightham ; 
Serjeant Willoughby, made Chief Justice, 29 Hen.VIlI.. 
was of Bore Place, in Chiddingstone. 

Wc shall print an ancient survey of Otford in a future 
number. 



ON AI^GLO-SAXON KEMAINS RECENTLY DISCO- 
VERED AT FAVERSHAM, AT WTE, AND AT 

WESTWELL, IN KENT. 



IN A LETTEE FEOM ROACH SMITII, ESQ., TO THE 
UOHORAHY SECRETAllY. 

[Kead at the Meeting at Canterbury.] 



My UEAii Sir, 
In no branch of archEPology has greater or sounder 
progress been made than in that which comprises tlic 
Saxon antiquities of tliie country, and tlie Franh'sh an- 
tiquities of tile Continent. C!ontempoj'aneou8 in date, 
closely analogous in genei"al character, belonging to peo- 
ples descended from a common parentage, they are mu- 
tually illustrative, and throw a strong and unsuspected 
light upon the conditions of oui' ancestors, at a period 
when historical Information is particularly meagre and 
obscure. And yet, until within the last twenty or thirty 
years, these monuments of the grave, so authentic and 
expressive, were but little understood. The researches 
of Douglas' in Kent, well published and illustrated, 
failed in enlisting followers from among his contempo- 
raries ; and the excavations of Bi-jan Faussett, although 
they were partially brought under the obsenation and 
criticism of Douglas, remained unpublished and but 
little known. Our neighbours in iVance and Germany 

' Nenia Britannic* ; or, a Sepulchral History of Great Britain : Troin 
llio Earliest Period to the General Conversion to Cliristiauity. By the 
Aer. Jamoa DoiiglaB, F.A.S. Londou. 1793. 



d 



i 



AT FAVEKSHAM, WYE, AKD WE8TWEIX. 43 

were eveu more slow to recognize and appreciate this 
class of their more remote national antiquities ; and 
while Celtic, Roman, and Medieval remains were zea- 
lously investigated, the Teutonic were entirely over- 
looked. Now, however, they occupy their proper posi- 
tion in arcliffolo^ical studies ; and on the Continent, as 
well as in England, theii- importance is acknowledged 
and appreciated by all educated persons who possess 
any feeling for the historj' of their native country. 

I wUI not, on the present occasion, enter upon a re- 
view of the eiTors of past times in reference to the Saxon 
antiquities of our island, nor trace the progress of that 
process of careful comparison by which we have been 
enabled to con-ect mistakes, to place the study upon a 
tirm and rational footing, and assist inquiry' by accumu- 
lated facts. In the present stage of research, to avoid 
retrogression, it will be sufficient for me to refer to the 
works in which the subject has been fully discussed,' 
and accompanied by those illustrations which are so 
indispensable in studies of this peculiar kind ; and I 
shall limit my remarks to the additional materials which 
have been discovered, during the present year, at Favers- 
ham, at Wye, and at Westwell; and (thanks to the ex- 
ertions of Mr. Gibbs, Mr. Thurston, and yourself) have 
been saved from the disastrous fate which, in so many 
instances, has befallen similar remains. 



' Neam Britannicft, 1793. — Inventorinm Sepolchralei by Bryan Faiis- 
sclt. from 1757 to 1773, printed 185C.— CoUoctanea AntiquB, 1843-1858.— 
Archsologioul AJbnin, 1816. — Antiquities of Birhborougli. Reculver, and 
Lymue. 1850.— The Celt, the Eoman, and the Saion, 1852.— Remains of 
pHgan Saxondom, 1855. — On Anglu-Saion Antiqnities, with a Parliitular 
It«ferenM to the Fanssett Collection ; by T. Wright, in the Transnclions 
of tho Historic Society of L«iioaahiro and Cheshire, rol. vii., 1855. — Burial 
and Cremation ; hy J. M. Eenible, in the ArchaMlogical Journal, No. iS. 

Fairford Grares ; by W. M. WyUc. 1852.— Higtory and Ajitiquitie* of 
tlic lelc of Wight 1 hy G. HiUier, 1856. — The Burning and Burial of tlio 
Dead ; by W SI. Wylie, in Areh^ologia. vol. nivii., 1858. For a corn- 
list, including ftrreign works, eve pp. 55, 5<3, InTentorium ^epulchnlc. 




44 ox AKGLO-SAXOS REMAEffS 

We learn from the historian Bede, that shortly after 
the RomanB finally departed from Britain, three different 
trihos of the Teutonic race, at intervals, st^ttled in the 
iabnd. These were the Jutes, who occupied Kent and 
the lale of Wight; the Saxons, forming the divisions 
known as the East Saxons, the Middle Saxons, the South 
Saxons, and the West Saxons ; and the -singles, who es- 
tablished themselves in extensive portions of the east, 
the west, and the north : the East Angles, the Mercians, 
and Northumbrians. That the historian's statement is 
correct in the main, dialects, physiognomy, the names 
of places, and other remarkable peculiarities seem to 
certify, as well as the cu'cumstances under which the 
various branches of the Teutonic race fouud themselves 
plaeed at the period of the decadence and fall of the 
Roman power in Britain. It will be extremely interest- 
ing if the remains in the graves of the different districts 
should be found confirming our belief in the information 
given us by Bede. Up to the present time our researches 
certainly seem to support the historian's statement. 'ITie 
beautiful circular fibulie from Faveraham, as well as the 
pendent ornaments, ai'c common in the Saxon cemeteries 
in Kent, while they are of rare occurrence in those of 
other parts of England. I need only refer you to tlic 
discoveries made at the sites explored by Douglas and 
Brjan Faussett. at the cemeteries at Osengal,' Stow- 
ting,'* Sittingboume,' Minster in Thanet, at Maidstone, 
ami in other localities; and then direct comparison with 
the contents of Saxon cemeteries in Cambridgeshire, in 
Suffolk, in Norfolk, in Northampton, and in the west of 
England, to ensure conviction of the mai-ked difference 
which exists in these ornaments. The cii-cular fihnlip 
of Kent are seldom met with in the districts mentioned 



I CoUccUuirn Antiqua, toI. iii. 
' ' A Brief AfW.iint of the ParisL of 8Um-ting, ol«. i Ijy tho Kit. Frt'ik- 
"riuU Wn-uili. London, 18-15. ' Col. Aul.. vol. J. 



AT FAVERSOAM, WYE, AND WESTWELL. 



45 



above ; but others, of baser material and of different 
forms and decoration, prevail. The same distinction in 
other sepulchral objects is almost equally marked; while 
at the same time, in the weapons and umboes of shields, 
and in other particulars, as well as in the general mode 
of sepulture, there is a striking accordance, such as 
would be expected in tribes springing from a common 
source. The contents of the graves in the Saxon ce- 
metery at Chessell, in the Isle of Wight' (which island 
Bede states was peopled, as well as Kent, by the Jutos), 
have some stiiking points of resemblance to those of 
the graves of Kent, sucli as seem to be common only to 
these t^'o districts. 

Although, unfortunately, the circumstances imder 
which the Faversham antiquities were obtained,^ de- 
prive them of the advantage accompanying such as are 
taken from graves carefully excavated, they are never- 
theless of great value to the archEeologist, who, from 
comparison, will be able to classify most of them. In 
the plates of Fausaett's ' Inventorium Sepulcbrale' vrill 
be found most of the t)"pes of the ornaments, of the 
weapons, and of those miscellaneous objects which it 
was the custom of our Saxon forefathers to deposit with 
the dead. The largest gold Jibula, of which the fi-ame- 
work only remans, is of the same class as the superb 
perfect example from Kingston-down, figured in plate i. 
In its incomplete condition it is useful as showing the 
manner in which the cells were constructed previous to 
their being filled with pastes and coloured stones. Some 
of the pendants, fibula;, and buckles supply us with new 
varieties; and from their elegant design, good work- 
mansliip, and rich material, strengthen our convictions of 



' History and AntiquilieB of the Isle of Wight ; by G. Hillier. 1856. 

' Tlioy were i.'ollei.'ted, from tUe workmen rngaged in the riulwuy exfa- 
Tations, by Mr. Gibba, to whose good taate and vigiknce their prescr- 
valioD u entirely due. 



46 



ON ANGLO-SAXON REMAINS 



the superior wealth and refinement of the Kentish Sax- 
ons ; and show how much they had profited by Roman 
art and artists. 

The most novel feature in Mr. Gibbs's collection, and 
to which I direct your especial attention, is tlie fine 
ornamented plates, with rings and other appendages: 
they appear to have decorated the harness of a sumptu- 
ously caparisoned horse, which tliere is every reason tc» 
suppose was interred with the body of its master, doubt- 
less a thane of distinction. Before the ancient Germans 
had been much influenced by intercourse with the Ro- 
mans, and when cremation was more generally practised, 
we find that burning the war-horse was occasionally one 
of their funeral ceremonies. Tacitus' observes, " sua cui- 
que arma. quonmdam igni et equus adjicitur;" and the 
pi-actice was continued do^vn to a late period: traces 
of it indeed remain to the present day. Of course only 
persons of wealth or eminence could affoni to make such 
a costly sacrifice. 

The glass vessels comprise the more ordinary vaiieties 
which are found in Saxon graves. Rare as they are now 
become, they must have been in general use among the 
Saxons, although, from the fragile nature of the material, 
they are seldom preser%ed entiie, except when graves are 
excavated intentionally and with great care. It is said 
that in past times so many of these cups were taken from 
graves at Wodensborough, near Sandwich, that on one 
occasion they were used at a harvest-home in a neigh- 
bouring farmhouse for beer-glasses. An example of the 
exceedingly rare type, of which varieties are given in 
plate xlv. of the ' Inventorium Sepulchj'ale,' for many 
years did duty upon the tea-table of a Kentish lady as a 
sugar-basin. Although these vessels, like most of the 

jcon remains, are of so peculiar a fabric and character 
at they cannot be mistaken for Roman, yet it is easy 

' De Mor. Germ., cap. Jixrii. 



AT FAVEBSIIAM, WYE, AND WESTWBLL. 4/ 

from comparison to see that they are derived from a 
Roman origm or influence. WTicn filled, the more glo- 
bular ones could only be securely held in the hollow of 
the hand, as we see them depicted in festive scenes in 
Saxon illuminations ; aud to these could most appropri- 
ately be applied tlie term tumbler, for they required to 
be emptied before they could be replaced upon the table, 
an alternative prescribed by those habits of the Teutonic 
nations which have been so fatally transmitted to our 
own times ; an inherent blemish wliich has ever sidlied 
the national cliai-acter. Other vessels of domestic use 
are frequently met with in the Saxon graves, particularly 
R kind of ornamented sttida or bucket, and bronze ba- 
sins, used probably for meats and diinks when placed 
upon the table : of the latter of these there is a perfect 
example in Mr. Gibbs's collection, and the frag;ment8 of 
a larger one among the remains obtained by Mr. Thurs- 
ton, from Westwell. 

In the lai^e broadsword may be recognized the apatha 
in common use by many of the Roman auxiliaries, and 
by the Romans themselves in later times. From their 
weight and length tliey could only be melded by horse- 
men. Shorter swords or dirks aie occasionally found, 
generally of a knife-shape; and knives of aU sizes, which, 
from their miiversal ocaurence in the graves, no Saxon 
— man, woman, or child — seems to have been unprovided 
ivith. To these was applied the general term sear, from 
the largest kind with which the she-fiend was armed in 
her contest with Beowidf,' down to the diminutive J^rt/^ 
sea.v of the lady's toilette. But the spear may be called 
the national weapon. Of this the graves furnish nume- 
rous varieties. Some of them, such as the remarkable 
specimen from the grave at the foot of WyehUl. the 

' " She beset then the hall-stranger, 
and drew her seax, 
brnail. and brown .edged."'— Bron'uf/; 1. 30S!>, 



I 



ON ANOLOPAIOS REMAINS 

r kinds in Mr. Gibbs's collection, as well an in those 
of FausSL-tt and Mr. Rolfc, are equit-alent tn the Roman 
pitttmt the smaller and slighter reprcsenl the fnonea 
mentioned by Tantus' aa inseparable from the German 
warrior. Of the latter an excellent example is afforded 
in that whicli we took from the grave excai'ated in the 
cemeter)' upon the summit of the domi at Wye, 

You will not fail to obserx* that among the sepulchral 
remains acquired by Mr. Gibbs are some which are Ro- 
man. This is not an unusual occurrence, especially in 
the vicinity of the sites of Roman towns and villages. 
The Saxons appear to have selected in such casea the 
burial-places of their predecessors : a fact of some weight 
in a re\iew of the general information ive are obtaining 
from these discoveries, and in the deductions and con- 
clusions they may reasonably supply. Such conclusions 
will be best promoted by a carefdl accumulation of facts, 
which are the groundwork and basis of all sciences : and 
archaeology is a science, and as a science it should be 
estimated and studied. 

With everj- good wish, and with a fiill appreciation of 
the services you have rendered and are so zealously ren- 
dering to archffiologj', 

Believe me, my dear Sir, 

Yours sincerely, 

C. RoACJi Smith. 

TrtnpU PIfirr, Slrooil, July 26, 1858. 

To tlie B«F. L. B. Inking, 

Bon. Sec. Kontisb ArcbieologicELl Society. 



' " Ilutu, Tel ipsorum Tocabalay)-(i>n«iTit gcrunt, ongiuto et brevi furroi 
•ed ilA &al ct ad umm liabili, nt codem telo, prout ratin poacit, Tel comi- 
D1U vel eminiu pngneot i et cf|ues quidcm struto framvnquc contoutiu est." 
^-Dc Mor. Genu. v. vi. 



I 

,L 



« 



i 




ANGLO SAXON ANTIQUITIES. 

ExcoLvatefi at Favershai 
(ThU. Slit af Onffifial.? I 



AT FAVERSHAM, VrTE, AND WESTWELT,. 



40 



Description tjf the Plate!. 

Plitk I. — Figs. 1 to 4 afford Rood ejMnples of varietieB of Anglo -Sason 
fibnJs of the circular class. A compariBon with thoac reprcBented in plfttB§ 
ii. and iii. of tlie 'Inventorinni SopulcUrale ' is requisite ui order to iiti- 
deratand the origiual condition of the fibulffi, those of the FauBsett collec- 
tion being in a perfect state, while most of the FcverHhom gpecimenB have 
lost their central setting. This was probably an umbo of mother-of-pearl, 
let with a small garnet. 

Plate II. — Fig, 1 exliibitB one of the higheat claaa of Saxon fibulie, of 
which the large example from Kingston-down (Invent. Sepul. pi. i- fig- 1) 
ii the richest and most elegant: it is also the nioet perfect, retaining the 
Mttings of all the cells, which are wanting in the fibula before ub. It is 
probable that, like this, the cells of fig. 1 were filled with tnrquoisefl, gar- 
nets, and mother-of-pearl. Figs. 2 and 4, Gold Pendants. Tlie Burfaeo 
of Fig. 2 is punched with small foncare dots, and crossed by bars of an ele- 
gant cable pattern, surmounted by a boss in the centre. Fig. 4 is covered 
with small semicircular coil* with inverted volutes, and Bet with fine tri- 
angular garnets placed crosaways from a circular central stone, which is 
wanting. In the loop of Fig. 2 is a gold pin or plug, which it is staled was 
in it when diaeovered. These pendants or bultx are varietieB of those 
in the Faussett collection, as well as of aeveral in the collectiou of Lord 
Londesborough, from graves at Wingham.' Fig. 3, Girdle Buckle, in 
bronze gilt, or covered with a plate of thin gold punched with rows of 
I minute circlea and triangles. Figs. 6, 6, and 7, are other examples of 
buckles appertaining to female costumes. Figs. 6 and 7, in bronze gilt, 
ore particularly remarkable for the intricacy and elaborate work of the 
pattemB. which the artist alone can properly describe, although the prac- 
tised eye is familiar with similar designs in Saxon and Fraiikish works of 
art. Fig. 7 may be compared with fig. 22, plate si., of the ' Inventorium 
Sepulchrale.' 

The modes of conslruction of these fibula) may be thus described : — 
Fig. 1, Plate II., was composed of two separate plates of gold enclosed by 
a band roond the edges. In the other classes (Plate I.), the fibulcc are 
formed of a slightly hollowed plate, either of bronze or of silver, upon which 
is laid a disk of gold with cells of varied arrangement, interspersed with 
(lightly raised chased works and scrolls of corded gold wire ; or they bto 
&bricated out of one piece of metal only, the cells and chased work being 
oast, together with tlie frame, in one piece. 

Plats III. represents the richly embossed plates which are preaurocd to 
have formed the ornaments of horse furniture. They are of bronze, with 
some slight insertions of silver. Fig. 5 is a fragment of a circular plate, 
auch as Fig. 1, but larger. Fig. 2 and 3 are copper-gilt flat ornaments. 
Fig. 2 has been furnished wilh a loop for fastening to a ring. They are 
engraved of the actual size. 

' Remains of Pagan Saxondom, pi. ix. 



Ml 



ON THE SUREENDEN CHARTERS. 



The two ancient documents illustrated in this paper are 
from the Surrenden Collection, of which, by the kind- 
ness of Sir Edward Dering, I have been, for many years, 
allowed the unrestricted examination ; his generous con- 
fidence has even permitted me, during that time, to re- 
tain its choicest specimens in my own custody for lite- 
rary purposes. The best return tliat can be made for 
this confidence, and the most agreeable to Sir Edward 
Dering, is to put our native county in possession of all 
the abundant materials for its history which this Collec- 
tion has developed ; I shall therefore, under the sanction 
of our Council, from time to time supply our annual 
volume with the most interesting selection which 1 can 
make from the charters and other documents thus en- 
trusted to my cai'e. 

It is evident, from private correspondence, and little 
notes jotted here and there in family day-books and ac- 
counts, that Sir Edward Dering, the founder of the Sur- 
renden Library, devoted himself, at a very early age, to 
literary pursuits, and laid, while very young, the founda- 
tion of that scholarship which distinguished liim among 
the country gentlemen of his age. In his pri%-ate accounts, 
soon after he came of age, we have jjtoofs that he «"a8 
commencing the formation of his library, even during 
his father's lifetime. There are constant entries of con- 
sideraVtle sums expended in the purchase of books, run- 
ning through a period of ten or twelve years, during 
which time, if we may judge from the mutilated cata- 
*™es yet remaining, and the rharacter of the volumes 



ON TOE SUIiRENDEN CnABTERS. 



51 



ever and anon turning up at book-sales, with his stamp 
upon them, he had collected a very valuable librarj% 
now, alas ! entirely dispersed. 

Other documents of tlie same date prove that he had 
at that time acquired a considerable proficiency in 
Anglo-Saxon literature. Judging; from the large accu- 
mulation of materials for county history, there is every 
appearance that he contemplated a work of that nature. 
Among them is a collection of tracings of brasses and 
monuments in Kent churches, many of the originals of 
which are no longer in existence. In this pursuit he 
was assisted by Philipot, whose hand is patent tlirough- 
out, especially in the drawings of brasses and coat- 
armour.' 

Philipot perhaps owes much of the materials of his 
History to his early association with Sir Edward. Be 
this as it may, it is quite clear that, at the period of 
which we speak, Dering, in conjunction with Philipot, 
was ardently devoting himself to the preparation of a 
history of tlus coujity. 

In pui-suance of this object, or with some more en- 
larged view, he obtained, in 1627, a warrant from the 
Council, authorizing him to examine the Public Records 
without the usual charge of the exorbitant fees then 
demanded of all searchers. This warrant, vrith the 
autograph signatures of the Council, is still preserved 
amcmg the muniments at Surrenden. 

The ensiling twelve years of Sir Edward's life were de- 
voted to the pursuit of these antiquarian studies, until 
his embarkation on the stormy sea of politics in 1640. 

About the year 1630 he was Lieutenant of Dover 
Castle, evidently at that time a rich depository of re- 

' My friend Mr. Herbert Smith, under tlie kind sanation of the Into 
Cholmeley Dering, Esq., the oinier of the manuBcniit. baa copied them nil, 
with R view to future publication, as valuable records of monimieDtal memo- 
rials. Soraoof theseiDODumente arc no longer extant, aod all are much de- 
faced. Fourspeciajens of these (racingB are inserted in our present volume, 

k2 



52 



OS THE SUBREKDEH CHAHTETIS. 



cords. Sir Robert Cotton, who seems to liave been on 
terms of intimacy with Sir Edward, probably took this 
opportunity, of his friend being in authority there, to 
apply to him for contributions to his matchless colleo 
tion then in course of formation. 

In the Cottonian Manuscripts (Julius C. iii, p. 191) 
occurs the following letter from Sir Edward Bering to 
Sir Robert, announcing his discovery, among the records 
of Dover Castle, of an original copy of Magna Charta,' 
and indicating that there had been a previous corre- 
spondence between them on the subject of the charters 
then in the Castle. 

" Sir, — I received your very wellcome lettre, whereby I find 
you abundant in conrtesyea of all natures. I am a greate debtor 
to you, and those obligacions likely still to be multiplyed ; as I 
confesse so much to you, ao I hope to witness itt to posterity. 

" I have sent up two of your books, which have much plea- 
sured me. 1 have heere y* charter of K. John, dat** att Running 
Meade ; by y= first safe and sure messenger it is yotira. So are 
the Saxon Charters, as fast as I can coppy them ; but, in the 
mcanc time, I will close King John in a boie, and send him. 
I shall much long to see you at this place, where you shall 
Oomand the heart of 

" Tour affectionate froind and servant, 

" Edwabd DEBDia. 

" Dover Cnitle, May 20, 1630.'" 

At this period, then, he was evidently acquainted with 
Anglo-Saxon, and though a student of manuscripts, not 
yet a collector. No antifiuarj' would liave so freely 
transfen'e<l to a brotiier collector such a precious docu- 
ment as an original of Magna CUiarta. 

Unfortunately the invaluable record thus presented 
by Bering is no longer in Cotton's Collection. MTien, 
and how, and wliither it was removed, it is impossible 
now to conjecture; it certainly was not among the 
manuscripts destroyed by the fire, fur long before that 

' Or r»ll>fT tliP ■' AMirlcB j" I'Wi- nntc, p. 63. 



ON THE SURRENDEN CHABTERS. 



.-iS 



period, even aa early as 1696, it had disappeared. Dr. 
Smith, in his Preface to the Catalogue of the Cottonian 
Manuscripts (1696), deploring the spoliations which the 
Library had tlien sustained, says : — " Memini me char- 
tam authentioam R. Joanuis, in qua jura et lihertatcs 
AngUse stabiliuntur, sigillis Baronum qui turn aderant 
appensis munitara, S. D, Edwardo Deering Cantiano, 
equestris dignitatis ^iro, in tesseram obscr^antiee et 
amoris quibus erga D. Cottonum fundatorem fereba- 
tur, A. D. 1630 datara,olira sa-pe vidissc et raanibus nieis 
tractasse, quse nescio quo nialo dole sublata est." 

This description would seem to imply that the Record 
given by Ucring to Cotton, was not the great Charter 
itself, but the "Articles" presented by the Barons,- — the 
schedule of their demands, — " capita quae Barones pe- 
tunt." The Charter itself must have been under the 
Great Seal alone, whereas the " Articles " assumed tiie 
form of a Covenant, — " Barones petunt, et domiuus Rex 
concedit." They would therefore have been sealed with 
the Great Seal, as well as with the seals of the Barons, 
or rather, would have been in two parts, one under 
the Great Seal, the other under the seals of the Barons, 
which last answeiTj to the description in Smith's pre- 
face, though it certainly does not satisfactorily corre- 
spond with the terms employed in Sir Edward's letter, 
especially where he speaks of his charter as " daf" att 
Running Meade," which is not the case with any of the 
Copies of the .Vrticlea witli which we arc acquainted. 
Still, under the impression that the decisive terms in 
which Dr. Smith writes would hardly have been adopted 
by hira without the most certain knowledge that the 
document which he was describing was really the do- 
nation of Sir Edward Dering, I conclude that that dona- 
tion was the original of the "Articles" demanded by the 
Barons,— the part which they sealed;*- — "Tlie Countev- 

' II u not ililliiTuU U) ocfmiit for die iireitcticc oi tliis rcuorU ul U<ivcv 



ON TJTE SUBRBNTIES CILARTERS. 



part," that which was allowed and Bealed by John, be- 
ing the identical copy now in the British Museum. If, 
however, Dering's donation was the Great C'hai'ter itself, 
then, according to Dr. Smith's description, that also, on 
its original execution, must have been attested by the 
seals of both parties. 

Under such tutelage as Cotton's, and with the vast ac- 
cumulation of muniments in Dover Castle daily (viurting 
liis inspection, Dering's previous taste soon expanded itsell" 
into a passion for collecting ; nor is it surprising that, 
while indulging it, where no public value' was placed 
upon the treasures about him, he fully availed himself of 
the facilities which his office afFoi-ded him. Among the 
stores at Surrenden is a transcript of Stephen de Pen- 
chester's Laws for governing the Castle, in Norman 
French (the only copy I have yet been able to disco- 
ver, and which I purjjose to print in a future volume), a 

Cwllc. JIubiTt do Hiirgh had been £.ing John's print^ipol Commissioner 
in settling tUo iliaputpH iritb tlie Bartma at Jiunnymede, The Great 
ChurUtr woi «i^nlcd on June 15tb, 17 John. Just fifteen dajB after that 
ovoRt, John a)i[)oiut(id him, by Letters Patent (Bot. Fat. 11 Jo, m. 21], 
Conilablp of Dover Caatle. His fidelity and courage in defending it ere 
inatt^ir of history. 

On tho lu^tuitl day of the esci^ution of the Charter, the King had created 
Do Bur({h Cliiof Justiciar of England. What more likely than that he 
ihould havL- t-unaipied the " Artic'les," with the seala of (he Barona at- 
tacbfd. to tliu custody of hta faithful Juatic-iar. who. on his appointment, 
fifVwn dayx afterwards, to the tTardeiiiihip of Dover Castle, oarricd it 
with him tUwe, and deposited it nmong the archives of that fortroas for 
ipcurityp 

' Very small afOTe sooms to hare been placed, at any time, on the muni- 
rai-ntx in Dover Caatle. I wtU remember, many years ago, being informed 
by tho then Deputy .Constable of Dover Caatle. that in his early days, a 
room in ihe Cualli- gateway was crommod full of ancient charters, and that 
tailors, i-oliblera, and oUipr conaumcra of pnrchiufint, used to resort thither, 
and supply their needs by n small bribe U) the porter. Lyon, in his hiatory 
of Dover, Uslla the same tale of nej^lvct, and dotea it u far back aa the be- 
giiniJRg of the Inet century. In modem time* Mr. Kodd haa rewrded 
rboltiaale burnings of Dover Castle muniments. Tliis iudiSerence to the 
B of these doouments must luvo beoo equally great in the time oi 
tries I., or Sir Edward Dering could not have so readily enriuhed Sir 
Boberl Culloii'fl culloolion n ith this important uatioiinl reconl. 



ON THE BURRENDEN CHARTEKS. 



55 



number of plea rolls of the Castle-gate Court, and a very 
lai^e quantity of the Castle muniments and accounts. 

Tliere is also at Surrenden an agreement between 
"Sir Edward and other eminent antiquaries of the day, 
in which they constitute themselves a "Society of Anti- 
quaries," and draw up rules for their government. It is 
in the autograph of Sir Edward Bering, as follows : — 

" Aniiqniiag Rediviva, 

"Att a chapter held y' first of May, An" D"^ 1638, by tlia 
[Schollere] Stiidenta of Antiquity whose namea are underwrit- 
ten, itt was agreed, and conclnded upon, to hold, beepu, and 
with best credite to proaervc these articles following, viz. : — 

" 1°. Imprimis, That every one do helpe and further each 
others studyea and endeavoura, by imparting and communicat- 
ing (as time and other circumstances may permitt) all such 
bookes, notes, deedes, roUes, etc., aa ho hath ; for y* expediting 
whereof, and that each may knowe what to borowe of other, for 
his beat use and behoofe, itt is first concluded and promised 
eache to send unto otter a p'fect inventoiy and catalogue of all 
such notea, bookes, collections, etc., as they now have. 

" 2". Item, That no p'son of this society do shewe or other- 
wise make knowen this or any y° like future agreement, nor 
call in, nor promise to call in, any other person to this society, 
w'hout a particular consent first had of all this present society. 

" 3". Item, That every one do severally gather all observable 
collections w'^h he can, concerning y* foundation of any reli- 
gious house, or castle, or publicke worke, and all memorable 
notes for historical! illustration of this kingdome ; or y' geneo- 
logicail honour of any family therein : especially concerning y° 
countyes of Kent, Huntingdon, Northampton, and Warwicke : 
and y< same to communicate unto such of this society who is 
most inter essed therein. 

"4", Item, That eveiy one do carefully and faythfully ob- 
serve and recorde all persons which have beeue dignifyed with 
J* title of knighthood, with a breife of y* tiioe, place, county, 
etc., y° same to bo disposed into snch methodo as att y" next 
consultation shall be agreed upon. 

" 5°, Item, That every one do endeavour to borrowe of other 
strangers, with whom be hath interest, all such bookea, notes. 



56 



ON THK SlTtRENDEN CHAHTERS. 



roUea, deedes, etc., as he can obteyne, as well for any of liia 
partt'iiers as for himself. 

" G". Item, Whereas itt is entended, with care, cost, and in- 
dustry, to p'fect up certoine select, choise, and compleate trea- 
tises of armory and antiquityes, which can net well be done 
without some preceding rough, unpolished, and fowle original] 
coppyes : Itt is now agreed, concloded, and mutually promised, 
that y* s** principall bookes so compleated, shall not, npon for- 
feite of eredite, be lent out from among this society to any 
other person whatsoever, 

" 7°. Item, That y* afores^ roughe coppyes be not imparted 
to any stranger without y° gn'll consent of thia society. 

" 8". Item, That care be providently had, not to lend, much 
lease to parte with, any other peece, treatise, booke, roll, deed, 
etc., nnto any stranger, but to such p'sons, from whom some 
reasonable exchange probably bo had or borrowed. 

" 9". Item, That every of the rest do send unto S' Christo- 
pher Hatton a p'fect [note] transcript of all snch heires femall 
of note as he can find, with y° probates of every of them, to 
be methodized by him. 

"li^. Item, For y* better expediting of these studyes, by 
dividing y* greate burden which through such infinite variety 
of particuhira would arise, to the discouragement and oppress- 
ing of any one man's industry, itt is concluded and agreed to 
part; and divide these labours as followetb, viz. that S' Christo- 
pher Hatton shall take care to collect and register all old rolles 
of armes, and old parchement bookes of armos, being of equall 
valew, antiquity, and forme with y" rolles. 

"11°. Item, For y° same reasons, that S' Thomas Shirley 
ahall collect together and enter (att large or in breife, according 
to such coppyes as can be had) all patentcs and coppyes of now 
grantee or confirmacons of armes and creastes. 

"12". Item, For y* same reasons, that S' Edward Dering do 
gather and compose a full, compleate booke of armes, by way 
of ordinary. 

" 13". Item, For y* same reasons, that Mf. Dugdall'do col- 
lect and coppy all armoriall scales, with a breviate of y' deedes, 
and y" true dimensions of y" scales. 

" 14". Item, For y* same reasons, that S' Edward Dering do, 
sometime tliis aoraer, beginue a new system or body of Armory, 
with Buch brevity, p"gpictiity, and proper examples, as may bofit 



ON THE SIISrENDEN CH-iETERS. 



57 



be chosen : to which purpose y* other associatea have promised 
to send unto him such helpe, by way of originalla or coppyea of 
all extraordinary formes of sheildes, charges, supporters, aug- 
mentations, diminutions, differences, etc., aa they can furnish 
forth ; the same to be reveiwed att y' next chapter. 

" 15". Item, For y' same reasons, that S' Thomas Shirley do 
gather the names and armes of all {or as many as can be had) 
mayors, aheriffes, and aldermen of London and Yorke, and of 
all other cittyes and townes, throughout all ages. 

" 16", Item, For ye same reasons, that S' Christopher Hat- 
ton do collect together all names and armea of knightes, to 
which purpose all y* rest of y" society are to send unto him 
such supply as they have : except itt be for y" kmghtea of King 
James and King Charles, which are, by y* paynea of Mr. 
Anthony Dering, allready putt into good order, for which S' 
Edward Dering undertaketh. 

" 17". Item, Whereas many useful! and pleasurable notes m^ 
passed and comnnicated betweene y* fores'* [schollera] students 
of antiquity : Now, to y' intent that continnall recourse may 
ever (aa occasion shall arise) be had to y" study, bookes, and 
collections of him that shall so send or impart y° same, for y" 
iustifying of any transcript so received : and for y" more quicke 
finding and reveiwo of y' same, itt is further concluded and 
agreed, that every one shall forthwith fayrely marks every 
severall booke, roll, treatise, deede, etc., in his library : First, 
with one gn'll note or marke of appropriation, whereby att first 
voiwe to know y* owner thereof; and then, with such other 
additionall marke aa shall be thought fitt : that is to say, — 
S' Edward Dering to marke all snch aa belong unto him in 



this forme' 



^ 



S' Christopher Hatton- 



T^ 



& Thomaa Shirley* Hrfl H/ And M' DugdaU' thui 
And for petty small marks, these, in order aa above, viz., 

X— 3^— ■? — '»• 

" 18". Item, When any p'son receiveth any transcript or note 

from another of this society, which he is to keepo as his owne, 

'■'■•■• See p&ge 69. 



58 



ON THE SDEHENDlSr CHABTBRS. 



and thereof to make use, lie shall imediately marke y* same 
note, and all fiitixre transcripts thereof, with j-* cheife character 
or marke of the sender, aa above ; and y* sender of every note 
shall take care that all notes by him sent shall be written (aa 
nearo as may be) in y* same paper for size of bignesae as he 
shall first use, whether y* note sent do fill y" whole ahect© or 
but a line therein. 

" 19". Item, Least that too much care of sending one to an- 
other may begett some mistake in lending one thing twice, itt 
is resolved and agreed, that he who aendeth or lendeth any 
booko, note, or roll, etc., to any other of this society, shall, att 
y° sending or retume of the same, marke the same with y' 
principall character or marke of the person to whom he shall so 
lend itt ; and if itt be coppjed out of any of his bookes, then to 
sett a little marke of y' same forme in y' margent of y" a'' booke. 

" 20°. Lastly, To prevent y' hazard of loosing time, by j-* 
trouble of aeverall men's taking coppyes of one and y* same 
thing, itt is coDi'luded and agreed, that whosoever pemse any 
booke, treatise, or deed, etc., and do transcribe y" same, he 
•ball, att y° verj' last line, if it be booko or treatise, etc., or on 
■iy" dorse or y" lubell if itt be a deede, sett one of these two 
ruftrkes, rjk^ or Q that is to say, if y" coppy be taken ver- 
batim, then y* capitall letter ^) _ but if breviated, then ^ . 







ON THE SURRENDEN CHARTERS. 



59 



' Tlie saltiro was Sir Edward Doring'* coat-amonr, or rather the coat 
of Morini, adopted by him. 

= " Sir Christopher Hatton." — This waa the firat Lord Hatton, ao crea- 
ted 1643, and great-grejit-grandson of John Hatton, brother of the Lord- 
Keeper, temp. Eliz. The garb, bia mark, was from hia coat-of-anuB. He 
was Dagdale's first and great patron, 

' Sir Thomas Shirley's mark is the coat of Shirley, paley a canton er- 



■■Mr. Dugdall."— The great i 
mark iru from tiis coat-of-arms, a c 



. Sir William Dugdalo; his 



In the recent aale of the library of the late Cholmeley Dering, Esq. (iho 
legatee of the perHOnalties of hia father. Sir E. Dering, who died 1811), 
there were many books of arms, and a trooscript of all the early charters 
n the Surreuden Colleclion, with the aoaJa carefully tricked. These were 
a part of the fruits of the above If^solutions ; but a. far more elaborate 
and epleadld volume probably owes its existence to the same source. 
Dugdale, in hb Life, by himaelf (p. 14, ed. 1827), says that in the sum- 
mer of 1641. ho, " tjiking with him one Mr. William Sedgwick, a skylfull 
■ paynter, repared first to the Cathedrall of S' Paul, in the Citty of 
' m, and next to the Abbey Church of Westminster, and there mak- 
^ _ t draughts of all the monuments in each of them, copyed tho 
' ^nfaphs, according to the very letter, as alaoe all aroies in the windows 
or catt in stone ; and so done, rode to Fet^rborougb in Northamptonshire, 
Ely, Norwich, IJncolne, Newarke-upon-Trent, Beverley, Suthwell, King- 
ston-upon-Hull. York, Selby, Chester, Liehfield, Tamworth, Warwick. 
and did the hke in all those Cathedrall, Collegiate. Conventuall, and di- 
vers others puroehiall Churchea, wherein any tombes or monuments are 
to be found, to tho end that the memory of them, in case of that mine 
then imminent, might be preserved for future and better times." 

A note in the Ashmole Manuacript of this Life, No. 7501. flays, "which 
drafts are in the custody of the Lord Hatton." 

The volume in which these " drafts " are collected is one of exquisite 
beauty, and of inestimable value, as the only existing record of monu- 
ment* long since passed away, and ia happily preserved in our own 
county, in the collection of the Earl of Winchelsea, the representative of 
the Hattons, and with it another of no less value, containing a large col- 
lection of transcripts, made in facsimile, from ancient charters, with draw- 
ings of the seals beautifully executed. These transcripts were made for 
Sir C, Hatton, in IfrlO-l, and are above five hundred in number, from 
original charters, many of which are now lost. My valued friend Sir 
Frederick Madden, to whose kindness I am indebted for the principal 
materials of this note, t«lls me that formerly there mnst have been still 
nnother volume of these precious records, for Lord Winchclsea's manu- 
script does not contain Westminster, Ely, Norwich, Beverley, or York. 

The length of liua note will, I hope, be pardoned, considering tho tes- 
timony which it bearv to the valuable reaulta of this early society of anti- 
quMioi, ihua founded by Sir Edward Dering within the borders of our 



fiO 



ON Tin: SURRENDEN CHARTEHa. 



From the above statements, it would seem probable 
that this great collection of manuscripts was formeil 
between 1630 and 1640, — the fatal year in which De- 
ring began his vehement opposition to Laud, and con- 
stituted himself the adviser and leader of the restless 
and complaining in his county. It could hai-dly have 
been commenced before 1630, because no collector 
would have ungrudgingly "closed King John in a box 
and sent him away ;" its formation could not have con- 
tinued after 1640, because Sir Edwai'd was then entirely 
abandoned to the all-absorbing politics of the day, taking 
an active and leading part on the side of the Parlia- 
mentarians, — far too active to leave him any the slights 
est leisure for attention to his literary pursuits. 

The sources fi-om which this collection was chiefly 
supplied, seem to have been the charter-chests of Chi-ist 
Cliurch and St. Augustine's, Canterbury, — the Muni- 
ment-room of Cobham,— and the stores of Dover Castle. 
The muniments of Sii' Edward's own ancestral estates 
supplied also a large addition to his accumulations,' 

Such wss the great Surrenden Collection ; for nearly 
two centuries it has been the constant resort of histo- 
rians and topographers. It is cited by them again and 
again. Chartularies and Documents without end are 
refeiTed to, which are no longer there ; they have been 
abstracted, by one means or another, for many years. 



' Code's insDirection. it is said, cnnsed great haroc among tho Canter- 
bury Kcportla. The Il*forraation, too. had a share ia their further diaper- 
fiion. Aa to Cobham, the rmel attainder of its Lord, in the beginning of 
James T.'s reign, will readily accouut for the ahBtnwtioii of its munimenta 
while Dering was yet a child. 

It is important to note with oxaetnoss these dates and details, lest a 
charge of Uicgitimato appropriation be laid upon our collector. 

Let US rather take up our motto, and (in the words of our great philoso- 
pher) regard with rcvcrenee the indefatigable diligence of Sir Edward 
Dering, by which thette treasures, dispersed ond unowned, long heforc ho 
was bom, " tanqnom tabolic naafragii," have been reseued from the deluge 
of lime, and preserved for our instruction. 



ON THE SUKRESDEN CHARTERS. 



61 



Happily, a large number of them have found a home 
either iu the boundless collections of Sir Thomas Phil- 
lipps, or the British Museum, in the latter of which, at 
least, they will be safe from ftirther spoliation. It seems 
as though they had been, from time to time, freely lent 
and never returned. On the deaths of the authors or 
scholars who used them, they were probably found by 
their executors, without evidence of ownership, and so 
Bold with other assets. If the information given me be 
correct, Bloonifield had free access to this Collection in 
preparing his ' Historj' of Norfolk,' for I am told that 
numerous charters are among his papers, with the dis- 
tinguishing mark appointed by Sir Edward to designate 
his o^vn manuscripts, ®. No doubt he borrowed them, 
and on his death the right oisTiership was unknown, and 
they are to this day in Bloomfield's Collection, as I am 
informed, mingled with his other papers. Seal-collec- 
tors, too, have been cruelly unsparing in their plunder. 

But, with all these drains and spoliations, a grand col- 
lection still remains, amply testifying to the lavish zeal 
and ardour of its founder, and sufficient to secure the 
gratitude and admiration of every scholar. 

In examining them, the diligent antiquary and gene- 
alogist vn.\l be rewarded by the discovery of many facts 
which have hitherto escaped research, and will find 
abundant materials for elucidating those which are al- 
ready familiar to us. 

As an interesting picture of the mode in which many 
country gentlemen of that day employed their time, I 
cannot refrain from giving here the follomng extract 
from a letter written in the year 1G39, in which Sir 
Edward's cousin, the learned Sir Roger Twjsden, incites 
him to Eoydon Hall, to discuss the propriety of starting 
their cousin Sir Harrj' Va-Xie (the Treasurer) for the 
county, in the forthcoming Parliament. 

" Where you speak of coming over lij-ther {t.houpb with an 



82 



ON THE SCttRENDEN CHABTEBS. 



if } on Satordav, I intreat yon, if it please yon, to iloe ma I 
LAiTonr; or mtlier, because I fear if it bee on Satordaj yon f 
I Imo going on Miinday, defer your jonmey tyl Monday, luid a 
I (o goH on Saturday, Wee shall spend the tyme in pea«~ 

walking, or somewhat else that will begoilo it." 

How like the captivating picture which Cioero £ 
of Scipio and Lrelius in their academic retreat : 
ego de studiis dicam, cognoscendi semper aliquid, abj 
diwendi, in quibus remoti ab oculis populi omne otio« 
tempus contrivimus" ! And then in a postscript :- 

" If you take so much paynes as to visit your afiectioni 
cosen, pray bring your history of William Thome, and 1 n 
Bhew yon an old manuscript, sometyme of the same abbi 
conteyning many prety miscellaneas, writ about Ed. 3 hys tyi 
out of which perhaps Thoni took some part of hys History/' 1 

The two interesting facsimiles which accompany t 
paper are, one from Sir Edward's own muuiments, i 
the other from those of Cobham. 

The former is a grant by Godwin (probably the 3 
of Kent) to Leofwine the Red, of certain swine-pash: 
at Swidi-iediugden (which is, no doubt, Surrenden), at i 
fixed rent, which Leofsunu appears to have held on i 
same terms. With reference to this charter, my lal 
lamented friend J. M, Kemble, in a letter to me, writl 
as follows : — 

" Leufsunu was no doubt Leofwine's father, or brother, I 
other near relation. Leofwine the Red was not Earl Godw 
Bon, who had estates at Horton ; both are mentioned, as ti 
BS Leofsunu, in a charter of Godwine, containing marriage s 
tlemenla on the espousals of his sister with Brihtric (Codex I 
JEvi Saxonici, Ko. 732), to which document Sired and jEUmj 
eild are parties. The date of the said Charter ia about 101^ 
1O20." 

Our charter is of about the same date.' The lands to 



' LiTingQP, alia* Leovingna, tho prinripal h 
tmiuty-eiglitL) from 1013 to 1020. 



), wsa Aiwhbishop (tha 






L 



r T ITT) 



../ 



v- 



.1 



ON THE 6URHENDEN CHAETEHS. 63 

which it refers are probably the estate constituting, in 
after-times, the manor of Surrenden, here called, " thtes 
dfenncs ret Smthra^iingdainne." I subjoin a copy of it 
in modem English characters, with a literal translation. 

" Her swutelftth on thyean gewrite, y' Godwine geSnn Leof- 
wine readau thsca djetmes tet Swithrasdingdienne, on ^ce yrfe, 
to habbanne & to sellanne, on dfege & lefter dsego, tham the 
tun leofost ay, mt thon Bceatte the Leofsnnu him geldan scolde, 
y* is feowertig penega and twa pimd, and eahta ambra comes, 
Ka Snn Leofwine thffis diennes thon the B(3ctun to handa gegd 
sefter hia dingo. Nu ia thyses to gewittnease, Lyfingc, bia- 
ceop; & ^Ifinser, abbud ; & se hired ast Cristea cyrcean; & ae 
hired Eet See Auguatine ; & Sired; &.<ElfaigGcild; AvEtheWc, 
& manig other godman binnan byrig & butan." 

ITie line of capitals cut tlu'ough has been 
* CYROGRAPEHUM, 
one half of the letters remaining on this portion of the 
charter, the other half on the counterpart retained by 
the other partj", to attest identity, 'ITie charter is en- 
dorsed : — 
" Goduuine vcndidit Leofuuino swithredigdene — anglice — " 

^ " Here by this writ it appearetb, that Godwine granted f o 
Leofwine the Red, the pasture* at Swithnedingden, in perpetual 
'inheritance, to have or to give, during Ufc or after hfe, to whom 
ho best pleased,^ at the same rent as Ledfsimu was to have paid 
him, that is, forty pence and two pounda, and eight ambers of 
com. Now LetSfwine grants thia pasture to him unto whom 
BiSctdn* may go, after hia day. Now the witneases to thia are, 
Lyfing the Biahop, and ^Ifm^r the Abbot, and the brother- 

' Fof tliJB truuUtion, ttnd most of the annotstionB on it, I am indebted 
to Mr. K.>ail>lu. 

* i. e. Land fit for the puturo of svrine, that being the strict legal 
meaning of " dieii," when neuter, irhich this cle&rlj b, from the genitiro 

' LiloniDy, "to him who might he choMn by him," "ny" being the 
snbjuntlivy of the verb " to be." 
.e. Boughtuu 1 Boughluo Aluf. 



ox THE SCRRENDEN CHABTEBS. 



hood at Christ Charcb, and the brotberhood at St. Angastine'i,^ 
and Sired, and .^Usige the Child,' and nui^ a good man bv-^ J 
side, both within town and withocit." 

The '• godmen " are especially the " boni et legales 
hominea," the jury, whose presence implies that this in- 
strument is the record of a solemn transaction before 
the boroughmoot, or even the shiremoot. Leofwine most 
likely lived at Boctiin, i, e. Boughton, and the result of 
the instnunent would hare been, to attach Surrenden 
pastures to that estate for the future, which could only- 
be done by a formal act. 

The other document, of which I have given a facsimile, 
is an autograph letter of William of M'ykeham.addressed 
to Sir John de Cobeham, the King's Ambassador to the 
Court of Rome (41 Ed. m.y The date of the letter 
is evidently 1367. It is of exceeding interest, as lend- 
ing to illustrate the assertion made by Froissart, that 
Edward III. obtained the Pope's grant of the Bishopric 
of Winchester to Wykeham, by remitting to the Duke 
of Bourbon a large portion of his ransom, as one of the 
prisoners of Poictiers, on condition of the Duke's uang 
his iniluence with Urban for the appointment 

" En ce t^mps, regaoit en Angleteire nn pretre qui s'appe- 
toit roessire Giullaaise Wikans. Icelui messire Goillaarae etoit 
Ki tres bien eo la grace et amoor da roi d'Angleterre, qae par 
iui etoit tout &it, ni sans loi I'on ne faisoit rien. Qoand icelui 

' " Cild," or " Child," wb* a f otmg noble'* tiUe. 

* Sir Joho de Cobhom, Lord Cobbam, in June, 1367, wu Ambuudur I 
froin the Eing, oo a special misiioD to tbe Court of BoToe, aa we find hf fl 
an enlr; of UUcrs of Mfe-coadiict on tbe Patent Sail, 41 Ed. HL, lat pC I 
m. U.- 

ete. etc 



4 



"De fair* gardia pro amboaialore Ke^. — Rei 

I, tptoi coin mittnniu dileotnm rontanguineiiin et fidelem 
iB«m d« C<4&am ad Curiam Koroanam in ambaMiam aost 
ttterii H aliif Bcgoetu noaUi* ia dicta Curia proieqiutidii et fideJher, Deo J 
■RBDcate, expedieadij, ete. tie. 

•• TtaiwI at WtrtaiiBiter. Srd June." 

Hua eaablM a* to fix the date of oor letter ai bmaf been wriltMi ia J 



ON THE SUBSKSDEN CHABTERS. 



fi5 



office de chancellerie et le dit evech^ furent vacans, tontot le 
roi d'Angleten-e, par 1' in formation et priere du dit Wikans, es- 
Eripst au due de Bourbon,' qu'il voukist tant pour laniour de 
Ini travaiOer, qu'il allflt devers le saint pere le pape Urbain, 
bour impetrer pour son chapelain I'evech^ de Wincestre, et il 
loi seroit courtoia a sa prison. . . , 

" Si se partit le dit duo a son arroy, ct exploits tant par sea 
{onm^es qu'il vint a Avignon, oil le pape Urhain pour le tempa 
> tenoit. . . , Anquel saint pere le due de Bourbon fit sa 
prifire, a laquelle le pape descendit, et donna au dit due I'eve- 
oh^ do Wincestre, pour en faire i, sa volonK?, et sil trouvoit tel 
le roi d'Angleten-e qn'il lui fOt oourtois et aimable fi sa com- 
position pour sa delivrance, il vouloit bien que le dit Wikans 
eat le dit eveche. Sur ce retouma le due de Bourbon en France, 
«t puis en Angleterre, et traita de sa delivrance devers le roi et 
Bon conaeil, aiucois qu'il vonlflt montrer sea bulles. Lo roi, qui 
moult aimoit ce Wikans, fit tout ce qu'il voult, et fut le dit due 
de Bourbon quitt^ de sa prison. Mais encore il paya vingt 
nille francs, et mesaire Guillaume Wikans demeura eveque do 
"Wincestre et chaucelier d' Angleterre," ' 

This passage from Froissart at once explains the stu- 
diously mysterious tenns of our letter, which, in return, 
supplies resistless evidence of the truth of the chroni- 
cler's assertion. I had intended entering more fully into 
the dissection of Wykeham's letter, but my friend Mr. 
Wykeliam Martin having kindly promised to contribute 
an article on the subject, 1 leave it in his able hands to 
complete the elucidation. 

L. B. L. 



He WM at tUe time m France, oi 
lai BToit f«lc, il reloTim^ en France." 
Vol. i. Ut, i, chap, cclviii. f. 682. 



his pATole, " pw grnco que le Roi 



ATJTOORAPH LETTER OF WILLIAM OF WTKEHAM. 



BY Cn.UiLES WYKEHAM MAETH.-, ESQ., M.P. 

The very curious 'Letter of which a facsimile is sub- 
joined is an autograph of William of Wykeham, Bishop 
of Winchester, to John Lord Cobham. It has no date, 
but from its contents, coupled with other e\idences, was 
written either in the last days of the year 1366, when 
Cobham was sent on a special mission to the Duke of 
Bourbon, or more probably in June, 1307, when be was 
sent on a subsequent mission to the Pope. 

It is curious, not only from its antiquity, but also as 
confirming a portion of the narrative of Froissart «ith 
reference to the mode in which Edward III. overcame 
some of the difficulties attending the appointment of 
Wykeham to the bishopric of Winchester. These diffi- 
culties arose, not from any reluctance on the part of 
Pope Urban V. to the selection of Wykeham for the 
vacant See, but from the contest then going on between 
him and Edward III. with respect to Bulls of Pro\'isiou. 
The See of Rome had been endeavouring, from the time 
of Henry HI., to grasp the patronage of the higher 
ecclesiastical prefennents, by issuing appointments to 
Sees not yet vacant, on pretence of a singular regard to 
the interests of those Sees, which, as was alleged, might 
suffer damage in the event of a vacancy ; and the King 
was determined not to acquiesce in any such claim. 
Accordingly there was a struggle, not whether Wyke- 
ham should be Bishop of Winchester or not, but by 



LETTER OF WILLUM OP WTKEHAM. b I 

rliost? appointment he should assume the duties of the 
tee. This is veiy clearly made out by Lowth, iu his 
Life of Wykeham,' p 45. The naiTative of Froissait 
s there quoted. It is printed in the original French, 
it p. 50, .vq>ra, but, for the benefit of those of our 
readers who may not be familiar with the diction of 
oissart, it may be as well to subjoin the following 
tonslation: — " Before this time a fortunate circumstance 
tiBppened to Duke Louis de Bourbon, who was one of 
,e hostages in England [for the King of France's ran- 
»m as prisoner at the Battle of Poictiers]. By favour 
Bf the King of England he had returned to France, and 
'hile he was at Paris with his brother-in-law King 
Charles, it chanced that the Bishop of Winchester, 
Chancellor of England, died. There was at that time a 
priest in England, of the name of William of Wykeham. 
This William was so high in the King's grace, that no- 
ithing was done in any respect whatever without his 
advice. Wlien the chancellorship and bishopric thus 
■came vacant, the King of England immediately wTote 
to the Dnke of Bonrbon, at the request and prayer of 
the said William, to beg of him, through the affection 
he had for him, to go to the Holy Fatlier Urban, and 
prevail on liini to grant tlie vacant bishopric of Win- 
chester to his chaplain ; and that, in return, he would 
be veiy courteous to him as to his ransom. WTien the 
Duke of Bourbon received the messengers with the 
letter of the Ifing of England, he was much pleased, 
and explained to the King of France what the King of 
(England and Sir William wanted him to do. The King 
advised him to go to the Pope. The Duke, therefore, 
with his attendants, immediately set out, and travelled 
until they came to Arignon, where Pope Urban resided, 
fhr he had not as yet set out for Rome. The Duke made 
lis request to the Holy Father, who directly granted it, 
.nd gave tn him tlie bishoprif^ of Winchester to dispose 



68 



AUTOORAPH LBTTER OF 



of aa he should please. And, if he found the King of 
England courteous and libt-ral as to his ransom, he was 
very willing that Wykeham should have this bishopric. 
The Duke, upon this, returned to France, and after- 
wards to England, where he entered into a treaty with 
the King for his ransom, showing at the same time his 
Bull from the Pope. The King, who loved Wykeham 
very much, did whatever he desired. The Duke had 
his liberty on paying twenty thousand francs,' and Sir 
William Wykeham was made Bishop of Winchester 
and Chancellor of England."" 

The latter portion of tliis narrative will receive still 
further elucidation from the following short extract 
from Lowth (p. 46), which shows more fully the issue 
of the rival pretensions of the Pope and the ICing :^ 
" However, in the present case it seems to have been 
agreed that each pai-ty should in some measure allow 
the pretensions of the other. Accordingly the Pope's 
Bull of July 14, 1367, before mentioned, in which he 
refers to the Bull of Provision, is nevertheless dh'ectcd 
to William, Bishop elect of Winchester; and on the 
other hand, the ICing, in his Letters Patent of the 12th 
of October, 1367, by which he grants him the tempo- 
ralities of the bishopric, acknowledges him Bishop of 
Winchester by the Pope's provision, nithout mention- 
ing his election. He was enthroned in the Cathedral 
church of Winchester, by William de Askeby, Archdea- 
con of Northampton, by commission from tlie Cardinal- 
Archdeacon of Canterbury's Procurator-General, on the 
9th of July, 1368, who acknowledges him Bishop of 
Winchester by election, eontirmation, and consecration, 
without any mention at all of the Pope's provision." 

This brief sketch of the transactions of which the 
letter from William of Wykeham to Lord Cobham 

' TliiB ia not (■"iTci-t i tlio turn wm forly lUoustiud crOwnB. hb will be 
uftcnTsnia. * Jahnr^'a Froiujirt, ill. 38&. 



WnXIAM OF WTKEHAM. biJ 

forma a part, will render more intelligible the letter it- 
self, and the following document, collected from Rymer, 
will explain more clearly its actual pui-port and object. 
The letter is as follows :— 

" Treacher eire, veuUiez aauoir q yce dyraenge ie onuoiay p'' 
Caual, le vaJlet Syioond Bochel, qi vynt a moi a Shene, ou ie 
loi parlay do loschange dont vous sauez ; et yce Lundy i! enuoit 
vn vallet deuers Parya, & lui ad charge qil y soit ouc toute la 
haste qil piura per la dite cause. Et le dit Symond ou Bartliu 
Spifanie son piere enuoieront deuera leur compaignons queu part 
q le pape era de vous faire p'stement paier la some dout eatoit 
parl^ entre nous ; iasuit qd neu busoigne mie q voaa aillez ne 
enuoiez deuers Parya p' celle cause, car seurument vous troueroz 
lo dit paiemiunt deuant vous en les mains de ditz compaignons, 
quel lieu q le pape ara troue. 

"Treacher aire, Lin Seint eaperit vous veulle garder en sanitee, 

"Eacr a Sheno, en gude haste, yce Lundy. Sur mon dejiartir. 
"Will" de Wikeuam. 

"A mon t'ach amy, Johan Seign' do Cobeham." 

" My very dear Lord, be pleased to understand that this 
Sunday (i, «. yesterday) I sent for Caval, the confidential mes- 
senger of Symond Bochel, who came to me at Shene, where I 
spoke to him about the exchange {i. c. remittance), of which 
you are aware. And this present Monday he is sending a con- 
fidential messenger to Paris, and has charged him to be there 
with alt the haste he can for the said purpose. And the said 
Symond, or Bartholomew Spifanie, his father, will send to their 
partners, to cause the sum, which was spoken of between us, 
to be immediately paid to you, in whatever place the Pope may 
bo. Also, that it ia by no means necessary that you should go 
or send to Paris on this account, for you will certainly find the 
said payment before you in the bauds of the said partners, 
whatever be the place where the Pope shall be foujid. 

" My very dear Lurd, may the Holy Spirit bo pleased to keep 
you in health. 

" Written at Shene, in great haete, this present Monday, at 
the moment of my departure, 

"WrLLIAM DE WlKBHAM. 

"To my very dear friend, John Lord Cobham." 



70 



AUTOGRAPH LETTER OF 



The first impression on reading this letter is un- 
doubtedly this, that Lord Cobham was to be the beai-er 
of a present to the Pope ; but this, on further investiga- 
tion, does not appear to liave been the case. 

It has been already stated that the Duke of Bourbon 
was commissioned to go to the Pope for the purpose of 
using his influence with him in favour of Wykeham. 
Froissart also states that the Pope was residing at 
Avignon, "/or he had not as yet set ovt for Some." It 
was in the year 1367 that Pope Urban V. actually com- 
menced residing at Rome, hanng for some years lived 
at Avignon, 

On the 14th of August, 1366, Pope Urban writes to 
Edward III,, to solicit an extension of leave of absence 
for the Duke, and on December 20 of the same year a 
commission was issued to Lord Cobham to take fresh 
oaths and securities from the Duke, with this object. 
This he did " ad Luppam " (at the Louvre), neai" Paris, 
as appears by the notaiy's certificate, Monday, January 
18, 1367. Here we find Lord Cobham in communica- 
tion with the Duke ; and amongst Rymer's documents, 
in 1367, we find the following acquittance from Ed- 
ward IIL to the Duke of Bourbon (Rymer, vol. vi. 
p. 581,1367):— 

" Acquietantia pro Duce dc Bvrhoii. 

" Le Roi a nostre trescliere cousin LoySj Dnc de Burbon & 
Coiinte de Claremount, Saluz. 

" Come par voz lettres ouvertes seallea de Vestre seal vous 
nous soiez t«inii! &. obligez en Quarrante niilloa escuz (dont les 
dens valent un Noble de nostre monoie d'Engleteire) a paier 
a» certeins lieu et Termes, sicome en vos ditz lettrea est plus 
largemcnt compria : 

" Nous confessons en pure verito que nous avons receuz & 
countee de vons Dys milles eacutz tieulx come dessns, pur le» 
vmkitt de Kavall Paff, attourne Siniovil BocheJ, Mtirchantz rh 
Jjjili, en deduction & rebat & partie de paiemeut de la sommt* 
de Quarraote mill cscutK devant ibtz : 



WHJJAM OF WYKBHAM. 



71 



" Dont nous vous quitons, delivrons et deschargeons, et voa 
Heirs a. touz joura ; maia 

" La dite obligacion ot touz voz autrea obligacionB et cove- 
nancea a nous faites, quant as autres choses, demurantz en leur 
effec, force & vertuo. 

" Don par teainoignance de noetre grant seal a nostro Palaya 
de Weatm le vj jour de Decembre." 

It will at once be seen that this money waa actually 
paid to the King by the very person, Kaval or Caval, the 
wallet or attoitrne of Simo?id Bochel, with whom William 
of Wykeham describes himself to have been iii commu- 
nication on the subject of "leschange dont vous savez," 
to Lord Cobham. But it appears that the remainder 
of the ransom was paid through a wholly different 
channel. In the sixth volume of Rymer, p. GIG, ia a 
safe-conduct for Hugh de Digome, chiva/er dii dit Due 
(Boui'bon), for the purjjose of bringing the remainder. 
This is dated March 31, 13G9. It therefore seems to 
be a fair deduction from all these facts, that either the 
whole or a part of the first instalment of ten thousand 
crowns, towards the Duke's ransom, was fumished by 
Wykeham. Tliis conjecture is far more natural and 
probable than the other. WTien Edward expressed his 
willingness to sacrifice a portion of the ransom, nothing 
would be more likely than that Wykeham, who was 
after all the person to reap most of the benefit, should 
also make a proportionate sacrifice. And whilst it ex- 
actly fits in with all the known facts, it puts an end to 
the painful supposition that a simoniacal tampering was 
going on vdth the Pope himself, through the agency of 
one of the most gallant and distinguished noblemen of 
the day. 

In conclusion, the penmanship and general style of 
the facsimile which accompanies these remarks may 
fairly be appealed to as decidedly overthromng the ca- 
serne ^vriters have endeavoured to heap 



72 LETTER OF WILLIAM OF WYKEHAM. 

on the great Bishop of Winchester, namely, that he 
was an illiterate person, and that this was the reason 
why Edward hesitated to appoint him Bishop of Win- 
chester. This is a point which in a great measure ad- 
dresses itself to the eye, and therefore is not a subject 
for reasoning. But the general tone of the letter is so 
easy, though addressed, whilst he was yet only an arch- 
deacon, to a person of great eminence, that it is quite 
as satisfactory as the caligraphy, and both the one and 
the other may well have weight in disproof of this ac- 
cusation with every unprejudiced person. 

Chables Wteeham Martin. 



HACKINGTON, OR ST. STEPHEN'S, CANTERBURY. 
COLLAR OF SS. 

BY EDWARD F0S8, F.S.A. 

Amono the numerous spots in the eastern division of 
the county that will supply interesting topics to the ar- 
chaiologist, there are few that revive so many historical 
reminiscences as the parish of Hackington, or St. Ste- 
phen's, closely contiguous to the city of Canterbury. It 
is in the archdeaconry of that proviuce, which has been 
presided over by so many eminent ecclesiastics; one of 
the moat celebrated of whom, Thomas Becket, was loath 
to part with it, even when he became archbishop, and 
another, Petrus Rogerius, only vacated it when he was 
elected Pope, under the name of Gregory XI. ITie 
rectory belongs to the archdeacon, who has also the pa- 
tronage of the \icarage ; and in the village his residence 
was established for the three centuries that preceded 
the Refonnation. One of the last residents there was 
Archdeacon William Warham, and there his kinsman, 
Archbishop Warham, an early thorn in Wolsey's path, 
breathed his last 

Tlie families also that have been settled in this vil- 
lage. — the Bellamonts, the Ropers (memorable for their 
connection with Sir Thoraa-s More), the Manwoods, the 
Colepepers, and the Haleses, all names renowned in the 
annals of the kingdom, — the ancient church in which 
they worshiped, and the monuments under which they 
filcep that adorn it, — will yield an ample harvest for 



74 



ST. Stephen's, CAM'reBBURY. 




local investigation, and afford materials for many a fa- 
ture paper in our Traasactions. 

But the subject that 
happened to interest 
me on a late %Tsit to 
its church was not the 
antiquity of its struc- 
ture, nor the lineage 
of those who were in- 
terred in it^ but the 
collar of SS, encircling 
the bust of Sir Roger 
Manwood, Lord Chief 
Baron of the Exche- 
quer, that ornaments 
the monument erected *:* «^6i« hai™ j-- 

br himself in the south cross. 

It recalleil to my mind sereral oth^ examples which 
cor countT exhibits, viz. the monoments of Joan of 
Kararre, Queen of Henry IV., in Cantertmiy Cathe- 
dral; of Nicholas Mansion (1441), in the chturfa of St. 
LauTonaN in tlie Isle of Thanet ; of an unnamed per- 
son, sup]x>st-d to be one of the Septvam family, in the 
MoUaiid chanct'l of Ash Church : and of another in the 
chtirrh of Tej-nham ; on all which the effigies are deco- 
1 with the collar of S& Being thus nalunillr in- 
1 to inqoix? into its ori^u and its nse, the result 
' mrestigmtioti may not be unacceptable to the 
fionetT, and at all e'vcnts mav load to some mtoe-salis- 
fectaty rltidation. 

The eoOar of SS ha* been a conunon pade with an- 
taqoinea. liniile aD have agreed that it is a nuak of 
SKODtdoa pven to pmileged pcKons, they have di£- 
Cmad on alm<j«t ei^rn' other question connected with it. 
Fixat, whelh/rr tu f'^nn is the r^irejcaitation of a letter 
or of •rjmethiuff rlw- ; — next. a« to lbs a^jnificarinn. if a 



COLLAR OF SB, 



75 



letter ;— thirdly, as to the family which tii'st introduced 
it, and the persons originally entitled to wear it ; — and 
lastly, as to the cause of its bemg ultimately confined 
to a few individuals, and who they were. On each of 
these I propose to offer a few remarks, though on some 
of them perhaps 1 shall not be able to anive at any 
certain conclusion. 

First, as to the form of the emblem that constitutes 
the collar. The name by which it has been commonly 
distinguished, sufficiently proves that it is generally un- 
derstood to represent a series of the letter S. But 
there are some who think it merely a chain, aud that 
it received the name from the links being formed in 
the shape of the letter, placed sometimes obliquely, and 
sometimes laid flat on their sides ;* while others consider 
it " the ensign of equestrian nobility ;" the true source 
of its nomentlatnre being "from the S-shaped lever 
upon the bit of the bridle of the wai- steed."* 

The form of the oldest examples, however, is incon- 
sistent «ith either of these suppositions. Everj- ob- 
server must be satisfied that in them no chain or me- 
chanical contrivance was intended ; but that, whatever 
might be its signification, it is nothing else than a series 
of the letter. ITiese SS are never united in any of the 
early collars of wliich representations remain, but are 
placed separate and apart from each other, at larger or 
smaller interv'als, upon a band of some stifl" substance of 
a dark colour. 

The second inquiry, grounded on the admission that 
the figure is intended for the letter S, has been what 
that letter was meant to signify'. This has given rise to 
various speculations, in the following account of which, 
as well as in many of the subsequent observations, I 
have availed myself of the information given by that 
learned antiquaiy, Mr, John Gough Nichols, who, in 
' ' NolcB a[i J Qnf riM," lul S. ii. 248, 330. ' Ibiil.. p. 194. 



76 ST. STEPHENS. CANTEEBTHT. 

several able papers in the ' Gentleman's Magazine,' 
also in the interesting pages of ' Notes and Queries,' 
has treated the subject in a manner which causes great 
regret at his non-perfonnauce of a promise he long ago ^ 
made, of an extended work on the whole question. 

The letters SS are stated by Nicholas Ilarpstield, : 
his 'Ecclesiastical Historj'' (1022), to be the initials of] 
St, Simplicius, a just and pious Roman senator, i 
suffered martjTdom under Diocletian late in the tl 
centurj-. But this far-fetched tlieory, being founded oal 
the presumption that the use of the collar was confinedj 
to sacred or judicial personages, is deprived of all ' 
weight by the fact that the distinction was principally! 
worn in the earliest times by persons totally unconnecttM 
mth either religion or law. 

Another theorist makes the letter the initial of t 
Countess of Salisbury, thus connecting it with the Orderj 
of the Garter ; a third says that it means " Soissons,"] 
and was given by Henry V. in honour of St. Crespin and] 
St. Crespinian, the martyrs of that place, on whose anni*| 
versary the battle of Agincourt was fought. But I 
former event occurred some years before, and the latte] 
some years after, the use of the collar was introduced, 

" Signum," in its simple meaning of a badge of h» 
nour, is another interpretation : and Mr. WiUement, i 
his'Iloyal Hei-aldry ' (1812), refers it to " Soveraj-ne,** 
the motto of Henry IV. Mr. John Gough Nichols'aj 
answer to this is quite conclusive, — that it is not likel;^ 
that Richard II. would have worn it (as he is stated tal 
have done) had the letter borne that signification. 

We have been told also that the lettei-s mean the " 
" Sajictus, Sanctus, Sanctus," of the Salisbury Liturgy 
and Ritual:' but we have no other instance of the de- 
vices of livery collars in England partaking of religioui 
oUu^on. 

■ Note* and Querii*," Firat Serii-s. vol. ii. jj. 230. 



COLLAR OP S8. 



77 



None of these interpretations seem to me to be 
clothed with sufficient probability to satisfy the inqui- 
rer : but there are two others, which cannot so easily be 
rejected. 

One of them is that of Mr. Beltz, who makes the 
letter the initial of "Souvenez," part of the motto 
" Souvenez-voua de Moy." 

The other is the suggestion of Mr. J. G. Nichols, 
who thinks that it means " Senechallus," or steward : 
an office which John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, in- 
herited in light of his wife, the daughter of Henry of 
Lancaster. 

To clear the way for the consideration of either of 
these, it will be better, in the tii'st instance, to show 
that the letter S was the device of the Duke of Lan- 
caster, and that it was used duiing the reign of Richard 
TI. Both these facts are made apparent by an inventory 
'■of the jewels, etc., belonging to King Edward IlL, 
King Richard IL, Queen Anne, the Duchess of York, 
the Duke of Gloucester, and Sir John Golafre," which 
were delivered up by the Treasurer and Chamberlains 
of the Exchequer to John Eluet, Clerk, the receiver of 
the King's chamber, by virtue of a Privy Seal, dated on 
October 6th, 1390, within a week after the usurpation 
of Henry IV J Among these are the following: — 

" Item, vm letters of S for a collar, each of xv pearls."" 

" Item, a pair of gilt silver basins, one standing on a 
foot, with letters of S of the liverj' of Mons. de Lancaster, 
and the cover with a coronet above graven with letter of 
S around, and the arms of Mons. de Lancaster within."^ 

There is no evidence that collars were introduced in 
England anterior to the reign of Richard II., nor that 
they were used- by the family of Lancaster before the 
time of John of Gaunt. "The arms of Mons. de Laii- 

' Kalendnrs aud Inventories of llie Exchequer, vol. lii. p. 313. 
• IM.. p. 321. ' Ihul.. p. 322. 



78 



ST, BTEPHEK*8, CAWTEMBtrHT. 



caster," in the last of the above iteras, must refer t" him, 
and not to his son Henrj', then king, because the latter 
had been in exile ever since his father's death. 

Allowing then, as these extracts seem to prove, that 
the letter S was of the livery of the Duke of Lancaster, 
and looking at the practice of the time, it seems at first 
sight more probable that an emblem or badge of honour, 
adopted by any individual, ^^'ould be expressive of some 
sentiment or connected with some armorial bearing, 
rather than the mere designation of an office". 

Thus, in the same Inventorj', we find the collar of the 
King of France, mth the emblem of the broom-cod 
(cosses de genesfe);' the collar of Richards fii-st queen. 
Anne, with branches of rosemarj';* the livery of the 
Duke of York, bearing links, or fetterlocks, and fal- 
cons;'' and two collars, unnamed of whom, embroidered 
with the word "plesance."* On several other articles 
in this Inventorj- we find initials inscribed. There are 
twenty-six " qnUler d'argeiit," marked with the letter P;* 
also two little silver cruets, gilt and enamelled at the 
top, with the lettei-s A and U ;•> also two letters of C. 
each with tliree "troches," each "troche" with four 
pearls, and in each letter one little sapphire:' but all 
these are probably the initials of names. Two instances 
also occur in the same document of the use of the letter 
S, without any apparent connection with tlie House of 
Jjincaater. 1'hese are — 

"Item, un salet d'argent ennorer en manere d'un fau- 
con coronez et cntour le cole lettres de S steant sur un 
terage pleiu de lyons, cerfs, et autres diverses bestes."* 

"Item, 1 autre scynture d'or, le tissu noir garnis ove 
rosea blankes et ove U et S, et petitz sonatz."" 

That King Richaifl on some occasions wore the collai" 



I Xtdendani anil Itivf-nWiiw of the DxcUcquor, vol. iii. p. 357. 

fm<l. ' Tbid.. p. ssa. < Ibid., p, S33. ' /'«./.. p. sat 

., p. 847. • niiL. p. SSI- ■ ll'i'i . p ■X\-'i ' aid., p, 838. 



COLLAR OP 88. 



79 



of SS, there is no doubt. The Earl of Arundel charges 
him with it, and the king thus explains the reason : — 
That soon after the coming of his uncle, when he came 
from Spain last into England, he took the collar from 
his uncle's neck and put it on his own, vowing to wear 
it and use it in sign of good love of his whole heart be- 
tween them also, as he did of his other uncles."' This 
affectionate assumption of the collar seems to me to bo 
altogether inconsistent with the idea that the letter S 
was the initial of Senechallus ; because the king would 
be thus assuming the livery, not so much of a kinsman 
as of an officer of his o\vn household ; this ^'ould have 
much the appearance of a degradation, an objection 
which would not apply if the letters had any emblema- 
tic or sentimental meaning. I am not aware, either, 
that any other example can be produced, of a collar or 
other badge of honour beaiing the mere initial of the 
name of an office. 

We now come to Mr. Beltz's conjecture, that the 
letter S means " Souvenez," as part of the motto " Sou- 
venez-vouB de moi." Mr. Nichols rejects this interpre- 
tation, because he says that the motto is only heard of 
on one occasion. This seems to me to be scarcely a suf- 
ficient gi-ound for rejection ; ajid I am inclined to be- 
lieve Mr. Bcltz to be right with respect to the word in- 
tended to be signified, whether he be correct or not in 
considering it tlie abbreviation of the motto. The sim- 
ple woixl is siifiicicntly expressive, and one very likely, 
in those times of romance and sentiment, to be adopted 
a motto by itself; and if so, the letter designating 
it would not be an unfit substitute for it There is po- 
sitive proof that King Henrj- used both the word and 
the initial on a collar. In the Issue-Roll of the eighth 
year of his reign, a goldsmith was paid the large sum 
of £385. 6». 8rf. " for a collar of gold, worked with 
' Hot. PbtI. iii. 313. 



ST. STEPHENS, CANTERBURT. 

this motto, ' Soveignez,' and the letter S, garnished with 
a great variet)' of vahiable jewels."' 

If Henr\' IV. bore such a decoi-ation while he was 
Earl of Derby, he must have done so as the cognizance 
of his father; because in the list of King Richard's 
treasures it is distinctly stated to be of the livery of 
Mons. de Lancaster, a title which the Earl had not at- 
tained till after he was iu exile ; unless we imagine that 
the composers of that Inventory substituted the word 
Lancaster for Derby, a supposition in which we cannot 
indulge, inasmuch as if they made any complimentary 
alteration in the catalogue, it may be presumed that 
they would have described it as the liverj- of the " now 
King." 

Admitting, then, that the collar of SS was of tlie 
livery of the Lancastrian family both before and after 
Henry IV. became king, the next inquiry is, what per- 
sons were entitled to wear it. ITie hypothesis supported 
by several writers of eminence, that it belonged to the 
dignity and degree of a knight, seems to be contradicted 
by two facts. The first of these is, that of the numerous 
brasses which remain of those who held that degree, 
the great majority are undistinguished by the collar. 
The second is, that in the 'Acta for Reformacyon of Ex- 
cesse in Appayrale,' 24 Henry VIII. c. 13, it is enacted, 
"that no man oneless he be a Ivnyght . . . weare any 
color of Gold named a color of S." From tlxis, though 
it may indicate that kniglits wore tlie collar at that time, 
it may be clearly inferred that it had been previously 
assumed by other persons; and as this is the first hint 
of any limitation of its use, nearly a centurj' and a half 
after its introduction, it leaves us uninstructed as to 
those who were privileged to wear it in the intervening 
period. 

It appears by one of the charges against the Arch- 

' PntoD'a Irhiiv* nf Exoliequir, p. 3(&. 



81 



bishop of York, the Duke of Trclund, thr Earl of Suf- 
folk, and Chief Justice Tresilian, in 1387, that Richard 
II. was tlie fii-st of our kings who gave badges tn those 
who were connected with him.' These badges, whether 
a collar or in any other form, thus became a party sym- 
bol ; and the violent accession of tlie Lancastrian family 
to the throne would naturally lead to the assumption of 
their livery by all those who were, or who wislied to be 
reputed, friends to their cause. That these formed so 
numerous a class as to become a nuisance, it is evident 
from an Ordinance in Parliament, made so early as the 
second year of Henry's reign, altogether abolishing all 
liveries and signs, except that peers and bannerets were 
allowed to use the li\'erj' of the King, " de la Color," at 
all times ; while all other Knights and Esquires were 
prohibited from doing so, except in the King's pre- 
sence :^ thus showing that the use of the collar was not 
at the earliest period confined to knights; but besides 
dukes and other noblemen, their iisc was recognized by 
esquires also. And we may presume that those who 
were thus allowed to wear the king's Hvery were only 
those, whatever their rank, who were of the retinue or 
hoTisehold of the king. 

'ITius. in the few monumental effigies that remain of 
this pei-iod which are distinguished by this oniament. 
there are scarcely any in which we are not able to trace 
the connection of the wearer with the family or tlie 
court of the House of Lancaster. 

1. The first is in the reign of Richard H. The collar 
appears upon the brass of Sir Thomas Burton, in Little 
Castreton chureh, in Rutlandshire, dated in 138:^,^ seven- 
teen yeai's before the usuii>ation of Heui-y W. This 
knight, we find, received letters of pi'otection on accom- 
panjing the Duke of Ijuicaster to France in 13G9, when 

' Stati- Trials, vol. i. \i. 106. » Hot. Pnri. vol. iii. ji, 477. 

' Ftouti'irB Moll. Brnsso* nml S1oI)j<. |i. 55. 
VOL. I. U 



82 



ST. STBPTICT'S, fAN'I'EHBUHT. 



Edward III. re-asserted his claim to that kingdom.' 
Thus forming one of the retinue of the duke, his as- 
sumption of tlie collar may be at once accounted for. 

2. Tlie next is on the monument of John Gower, in 
the church of St. Saviour's, Southwark.' The poet died 
in 1402, 4 Henry IV. It is more than doubtful whe- 
ther he was a knight ; and the only ground that I can 
suggest for his being represented uith the collar of SS 
is, that he was in some manner, perhaps as the court 
poet, attached to the household of the king. Of his 
transferred devotion to Henry IV. we have sufficient 
evidence in the re^'ision of his • Confessio Amantis ;' 
from which he excluded all that he had previously said 
in praise of his patron, Kichard II. 

3. Of Sir Thomas Massingberde, who died in 1405, 
and on whose monument in Gunby church, in Lincoln- 
shire, both he and his lady ai-e represented «itli the 
collar,^ I have discovered too little to enable me to state 
the cause of their wearing it. 

4. In Bagington Church, Warwickshire, there is a 
similar instance of a knight and his lady being so orna- 
mented. The monument is that of Sir William and 
Lady Bagot, and the date 1407. BoutcU says that the 
knight was the fust who recci\"ed this collar from the 
king.* Be that as it may, the Patent Rolls contain suf- 
ficient to account for both assuming King Henri's livery 
from gratitude for the restoration of the lands which he 
ha<l forfeited as an adherent to Richard II.* 

5. Sir John Drayton, whose monument, dated in 1411, 
is in Dordiester church, Oxfordshire,^ was not only 
Keeper of the Royal Swans under Richard II., but was 
also Serjeant of t!ie King's Pavilions and Tents to Henry 
IV. Thoma.s Drayton, who was made Assayer of tlie 



» Ntvw Fecdcra, vo!. iii. p. 870. 
? Bont^tl'R Unn. Bnusm of England. 
~'i.\. Bel. Pat. fp, 23(1, a-13. 



= Boutoll, p. 134, note. 

' BouU'll'BBrH8(ics(uid81nli(i.p.nB. 

" Boulell, Brasses and Slabs, p. 13i. 



COLLAR OF BS. 83 

Mint iu the year of Sir John's death,' was pvobahly his 
Bon. 

C. In 1412 the collar is represented on the brass of 
Sir ITiomns Swynbome, in Little Ilorkeley church, 
Essex." who held the office of Mayor of Bordeaux, and 
of the King's Lieutenant in those parts.^ 

7. We now come to the reign of Henry V., and we 
find one in memory of Sir Thomas Perjent and his 
lady, in Digswell church, Hertfordsliire, dated in 1415. 
Both of them wear the collar; the knight being Es- 
qiiire-at-Arms to Ricliard 11., Henry IV., and Henry V., 
and Master of the Horse to Queen Joanna of Navarre ; 
and the lady, no doubt, being also of the royal retinue.* 

8. In the reign of Henry VI. we have a monument 
in Trotton church, Sussex, of Thomas Lord Camoys, 
who died in 1424, and of his wife, both of whom iU"e 
distinguished by the collar. She was the widow of 
Harry Hotspur, and his lordship was a Knight of the 
Garter, and commanded the left wiug of the army at 
the battle of Agincourt.^ 

9. On the brass of John Leventhorjie, Esquire, in the 
church of Sawbridgeworth in Hertfordshire, the collar 
is also to be found.^ lie died in 1433, was a sen'ant of 
the Crown, and had been one of the executors of the 
will of llenrj' IV.^ 

10. Thomas, Lord Hungerford, whose monument is 
in Salisbury Cathedral, mtb the collar, died in 1459. 
His father was Lord Treasui'er of England, and he him- 
Belf sened the king in the French wars. 

11. The silver collars of the king's liveiy bequeathed 
by the mil of John Baret, of Bui-j, may be presumed, 
although he did not die till after the accession of Ed- 
ward IV., to be of the liverj- of Henrj^ VI.: as he is not 

Cnl. Rot. Put. pp. 19ff. 259. Deroo'a Ibsiio Eoll. p. 285. 
' BoutoU, p. 55. • Cal. Bot. Put. p. 265. ' Dontoli. p. fil. 

* Ihid.. p. 51). ' Ibid. ' Dovou's Issuo Boll, p. 334. 



84 



ST. Stephen's, canterhuht. 



■eprcsented 



tomb, which ho had erected 
ith the coUai- of SS, but the 
chantrj', also built by him, is profusely ornamented with 
the same collar, enclosing his monogram, J. B, He 
probably received the privilege of wearing it during 
Henry's \isit to St. Edmuudsbuiy, in 1433.' 

In all the instances where I have found a trace of 
the position of the parties, they evidently held some 
office connected wth the Crown, or were othei-wise 
attached to the reigning family, and were not mere 
knights. Tlie weight of evidence clearly preponderates 
in favour of the hypothesis, that those only were entitled 
to wear this collar who were in some way connected 
with the royal houseliold or service. 

On the accession of Edward TV,, the Yorkist collar 
of roses and suns was of course adopted, and to its clasp 
the white lion of the House of Marche was commonly 
attached. 




But the collar of SS was revived by Henrj' VIl.; and 
the frequent insurrections in that king's reign would 
have the natural effect of inducing his partisans to dis- 
tinguish themselves by his emblem. The consequence 
was, tliat by degrees it was assumed by unprivileged 
]ier8on8 ; so that when eventually the two houses ceased 
' Burj' Wills {Canidon Soc). pp. IS-tl. 233. 



COLI^R OF f 



85 



to be antagonists, or rather when no claimants remained 
in the York interest, it was found expedient to subject 
the wearers to some regulation ; and consequently the 
Statute of Hemy VIII., limiting its nse, was enacted. 

The portiait of Sir Thomas More, painted by Holbein 
^shortly before tlie passing of that statute, represents 
.him with the collar of SS joined together at the ends 
ity two portcullises with a rose pendent. It is the only 
Imown instance of a Lord Chancellor being distinguished 
by that ornament. "Whatever therefore may have been 
the previous practice, of which we have no knowledge, 
either from monumental brass, or picture, or descrip- 
tion, it may be presumed that from that time the ^'ery 
limitation in the statute would prei'ent persons hold- 
ing 80 liigh a dignity from adopting a collar which even 
knights were permitted to wear. The practice even 
with knights soon went out of fashion, tUl at last the 
use of the collar of SS became gradually confined to 
certain persons in official positions, who alone were pri- 
vileged to wear it, either in gold or silver, according to 
their grade in the royal household. 

ITiat the privilege did not extend to the puisne judges 
of the Courts at Westminster, though previously to the 
reign of Elizabeth they, almost without an exception, 
received the honour of knighthood, is veiy certain. 
Among all the monumental or pictorial representations 
of these worthies, either between the accession of 
Hemy FV. and Edward IV., or, with a single doubtful 
exception, subsequently to the latter period, up to the 
present time, there is no instance in which the collar of 
SS is introduced. The exception referred to is the mo- 
nument of Richard Harper in Swaikestone church, in 
'erbyshire. He was a judge of the Common Pleas in 
the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and is represented in iiill 
legal costume, witii the addition of the collar of SS, 
■which, without some other explanation, we must attri- 




B8 n*. BTg wiB y's. caxtebbtbt. 

In 1382. the fintt (•xample (Sr Thomas Barton), it 
wa« a Kinall collar Sttiug ctoaely to the iieck, «ith the 
It^ttfT K placftl at <>qual ilistaticps on a stiff band of a 
dark colour, the- ends of which bent outwardly, aud 
w<->n; united by a cliain.' 

After the accemon of Henry IV., the collar was 
iinitiKl sonietimt-K by a sort of buckle, and somedmcs 
by an enriched trefoil-«!iaj»ed clasp. 




'Hit* pciiilcnt omamciit varied in the sncceedinfj reigns; 
ill! ap|>iircntly jcwi-llcd ring \mng somt^times attached 
lo ilu" citllur. Two of the exumpIcH in this county ha%-e 
tliiH adiliticm: that in the clninh of St. LawTCncc, on 
tlie briWH of Nicholas Munston, l-jsti., who died in 1444 ; 
and that in Teyrilmin church, on a figure supposed to 
he of John I-'rogciihall, Ew|., wlio died in the same year, 
nf which the following is a sketch. 

* In fkiutotl'i Miin. DruiM uid Slaba, |>. G5. tluB [■oUar haa a aingU- S 
Imiduul I l)ul the Gitiiri' f^vni &l)ovc ia loki-ri from n nitiMng of lUc brHaa 
llwlf, |ij Mr. UiiMi'j', nhuat- rorn'oliicu iiiii; Iw rrlii-il on. 





KlI)- vurmixiodbg villi (be one here ginn, (eiei 
itiiw the SS ouiUr,! with tliB toUowioB inwnptbm :- 



^ t-n^etliilj, i^ijiu Hiims propidKiir Detn 



TrTi.titji. Cturel.. 



It Panobo'i dncriptwD. e 



90 ST. Stephen's, CANTEHBriiT. 

In the reign of Henry VII., the collar was increased 
in size, hanging lower down the neck, with tlie letters 
placed more closely and bor- 
dered by a fillet of gold, not 
di\1ded at the end, but baling 
that king's Beaufort badge, a 
portcullis pendent, with a rose 
attached to it. 

Up to this time, the lettera 
were invariably placed on a 
band, but they next appeal' to 
be set, as the jewellers call it, 
transparently; each letter being 
fastened by little chains or studs to its neighboui'. The 
size also was greatly increased, so as to hang over the 
shoulders, and the ends were united by two portcullises, 
not pendent, with a rose pendent to them ; an example 
of this is seen in Holbein's portrait of Sir Thomas More. 





But in the portrait of Sii- James Dyer, Chief Justice 
in the beginning of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, the 
rose, instead of bumg pendent, is placetl between the 
portcullises. 




'ITie next and last change uecurrcd in the same n-igu, 
and was maile by mUoducing a Uarter knot between 



COLLVR OF 9S. 



91 



each of the letters S, a fomi which has continued from 
that time to the present, with the exception of tlie 
eleven years during which the monarchy was in abey- 
ance. The collar as now worn is very gorgeous and large 
in dimensions. That of Cliief Justice Tjord Denman 
consists of twenty-eight of the letters and twenty-seven 
of the knots, besides the two portcullises and the rose ; 
tlie diameter of the latter being about an inch and three- 
quarters, and the rest of the chain in proportion. 




Of the collars worn by the Chiefs of the three Courts 
at Weslminster, only one has any interest on the score 
of antiquity ; those of the Chief Justice of the Queen's 
Bench and of the Chief Baion of the Exchequer having, 
each of them, been renewed twice in the present century. 

The King's Bench collar worn by Lord Ellenborough 
could be traced back through his predecessors to Sir 
Matthew Hale, the renowned Chief Justice under Charles 
II. in 1671 : and had been transmitted to each of them 
on a payment settled by custom of £101). Lord Ellen- 
borough, on his retirement, choosing to retain it. Sir 
Charles Abbot (aftervvards Lord Tenterden) was obliged 
to provide himself with a new one. This descended to 
Lonl Denman on the usual pajTnent ; but as, on that 
nobleman's resignation, his successor did not take it, 
his Lordship transferred it to the Corporation of Derby, 
whose mayors will thus in future be decorated with the 
livery collar of the earl who took his title from that 
lowii. anil who. as Henry IV.. first attached it as a mark 
of lionour to the members of the royid household. 



92 



ST. Stephen's, cASTEnBriiT. 



The descent of the old Exchequer collar could not be 
traced with any certainty, beyond a century and a half 
before Sir Richard Richards became Chief Baron in 
1817. On his death, his ■nidow preferred keeping it to 
ti-ansmitting it in the customary manner, and it is now 
in the possession of the family. The new collar whicli 
Chief Baron Alexander in 1824 was obliged to substitute 
for it, after paasing thi-ough two of his successors in of- 
fice, was in its turn retained by the son of Chief Baron 
Lord Abinger; and Sir Frederick Pollock, who now 
presides in the Court, was consequently put to the ex- 
pense of pronding a new one, the weight of which is no 
less than four pounds of gold. 

The collar of the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 
boasts a higher antiquity, being that said to have been 
worn by that eminent judge Sir Edward Coke. Cham- 
berlain, it is true, in a letter to Sir Dudley Carleton, 
dated the 23rd of November, 1616, about a week after 
Coke's discharge from the Bench, relates that Su- Edward 
" gave a good answer to the new Chief Justice, who 
sending to him to buy his collar of SS, he said he would 
not part with it, but leave it unto hia posterity, that they 
might one day know that they had a Chief Justice to 
their ancestor."' But as there is no such collar among 
the ti'easures of Holkham, it may be presumed either 
that the on-dif related by the entertaining letter-writer 
was unfounded, or that if the Chief Justice, in his anger 
at his dismissal, actually made the speech as reported, 
he on reflection altered his mind, and consented to part 
■with the collar. For the first hundred years afterwards, 
however, there is no other evidence than tradition; the 
earliest date that can be positively traced is 1714, when 
Lord Trevor received it from his predecessor. From 
that time to the present, there is clear proof of the suc- 
cession. On Cliief Justice Tindal's death in 184G, his 
representatives tmnsferred it to his sutcessor. Sir Tho- 

' Johiuoii'8 Lifu of Coko, vol. i. p. 3U. 



CDLLAll OF SS. 



03 



mas Wilde (aftons'ards Lord Truro), without requiring 
I any money pajTuent, on the understanding that it should 
I remain for ever as an office-loom for the future Chief 
I Justices of the Common Pleas. 

Cromwell's CTiief Justice, John Glynne, is represented 
I with a collar of a similar description, fomietl of letters S, 
L alttmiated with roses and having a large jewel pendent. 




The only persons besides the Chiefs of the three Law 
Courts, who are entitled to wear the collar, are the Ser- 
jeant-Trumpeter, and all the officers of the Herald's 
College, except the Pursuivants, That worn by Garter 
King-at-Arms is gilt, and those worn by the other he- 
ralds and the Seijeant-Tnira peter are silver. They are 
not nearly so rich in fonn as those of the law chiefs, 
and the letters are not divided, as in the latter, by the 
Garter knot. For the badge of the rose and portcullis 
also are substituted the rose, thistle, and shamrock, uni- 
ted by foliage ; and Garter's is distinguished from the 
others not only by its metal, but by a portcullis on each 
shoulder. 

I may add, that at one time esquires were created by 
the investiture of a sihcr collar of SS. 

With the fact that on the effigy of Sir Roger Man- 
wood, we have the earliest example of a Ijord Chief 
Baron of the Exclieqner being decorated with this col- 
lar, the history of my visit to the cliurch of Hackington, 
or St. Stephen's, may be concluded. 



ON CESAR'S tANDING-PLACE FN BRITAIN. 



BY B. C. HUSSEY, ESQ. 

NoTWiTiiSTAKDiSG all that has been ivritten with a view 
to determine the place of Cfcsar's landing in Britnin, 
the question is still open to further inquirj'. Tlie sub- 
ject may be thought trite, but it must always possess a 
degree of interest (or the people of Kent ; and as the 
views here propounded differ from those of preceding 
writers, it is hoped that this additional treatise will be 
found excusable. 

As the purpose of the folloi^ing obseri-ations is to en- 
deavour to ascertain the course of Cfesar's operations on 
the coast of Britain, it is unnecessary to refer to the 
transactions in which he was engaged prepai'atoiy to 
leading Giaul, as they arc not connected with the occur- 
rences to be here investigated.' 

Before attempting to trace CiEsai-'s movements, it is 
requisite to call attention to the part of the coast on 
which he can be supposed to have landed, viz. between 
Beachy Head and Dover ; beyond Dover it is needlesa 
to look, for although, until recently, the general as3um]> 
tion has been that he debarked at Deal, it seenia now to 
be clearly ascertained that at the time of his aniral, the 
current of the tide must have earned him from Dover in 
the opposite direction.^In the absence of any positive 

' For inrunnatioD on lUfso sad varions other circumaUncee relating lo 
CniRar*a operation*, not liire oUudeil to, tho tvoder U reromMl to s meal 
talaMf paper liy tlic Astronomer Boyal, in tlio ' Archmolo^jio.' toI. sirir.. 
in which oliio full inrtirulan of the tidoa, etc., will tip found. 



(m CSSk-RB LAKDING-PLACE IN BRlTAm. 



95 



evidence of cliange, it would be natural to suppose that 
during the nineteen centuries which have passed since 
Caisar's time, the action of the sea must have caused al- 
terations in the coast, by wearing away the cliffs and 
headlands, and increasing the deposits on the low parts 
of the shore ; but in this respect we are not entirely de- 
pendent on conjecture, as various changes are distinctly 
recorded, though history does not reach, by some cen- 
turies, to the age of Cfcsar. The cliffs at Dover, and 
from thence to within a few miles of Folkestone, are of 
chalk, and therefore liable to be easily acted upon by 
the sea, and the state of the works next the edge of the 
cliff at Dover Castle shows that this hill formerly ex- 
tended beyond its present limits. In the hollow occu- 
pied by the town of Dover, the land has undoubtedly 
ad\-anced, and it was still advancing, by an accumulation 
of shingle, until the harbour of refuge, now in progress, 
was begun. At the end of the chalk next Folkestone 
is Eastwear Bay, where the cliffs become much lower, 
and the soil changes to a mixture of stone and clay; 
here the land periodically yields to tlie action of the sea. 
Immediately adjacent to tliis bay is the to>vn of Folke- 
stone, of which a considerable portion has been washed 
away. At Ilythe the sliore has advanced to some extent, 
and from hence the low tract of Romney Marsh, formed 
entirely by a deposit from the sea, reaches (under dif- 
ferent names) to Rye, and to the hills below Rett, near 
"W'inchelsea ; within this district important changes have 
arisen, but the history of them unfortunately is not per- 
fectly clear ; it seems certain, however, that in the time 
of the Romans, an estuaiy ran from Ilythe towards 
Appledore, close under the high groimd on which the 
church of Limpne stands, which possibly was an outlet 
of the river Rother, formerly called tlie Limene ; here 
the Portiis Lemanis was situated, and considerable re- 
mains of Roman buildings are still to be seen on the 



96 



ON CaiSAR S r,ANDnrG-PLACE IN BniTAIN. 



slope of the hill under Limpne church. A second es- 
tuary extended across the marsh, from Romney to Ap- 
pledore, apparently the main outlet of the Rother ; and 
a third appears to have passed southward from Apple- 
dore, under the high land at Playden, and to have 
reached the sea at Rye, or between that toivn and Win- 
chelsea. In this marshy tract very material changes 
have been effected by storms, but these three estuaries 
seem all to have existed at the same period. The two 
first mentioned have long been entirely choked, and the 
soil drained and made valuable land ; the third is now 
represented by the sluggish stream of the Rother, whicli 
falls into the sea at Rye. New Romney owes its foun- 
dation to the sea having left the old town. At Dunge- 
ness the land continues to increase, from the accumula- 
tion of beach, to the extent of some feet annually, 'Die 
original town of Winchelsea stood on a low island, or 
peninsula (for the accounts are not perfectly clear on 
this point), towards the S.E. from the present town, about 
where the Pier- Head is marked on the map, or some- 
what further seaward ; this was in great part destroyed 
by a violent storm in 1287, immediately after which the 
new town was founded, and the ancient site was speedily 
washed away. Both before and after the destruction of 
the first town, the hai'bour of Winchelsea was one of the 
principal ports, if not the chief port, of assembly for the 
Royal Navy ; it must therefore, throughout this period, 
■ have been both safe and commodious, and the position 
of the castle (formerly called Camber Castle, or tlie Cas- 
tle at the Camber'} seems to prove that until a compa- 
ratively late date the sea penetrated far within the pre- 
sent line of coast, and the whole breadth of ground be- 
tween the Pier-IIead and tlie castle, and for some dis- 
tance further inland, towaitls Rye, is composed of beach 
so recently accumulated as to be, for the most part, still 

' Cntiilirr, n Iinrliour. 



ON C.BSAR8 LANDnSG-PI^rE IN BRITATK. 

bare of vegetation. At Hastings, the high gi-onnd has 
certainly receded, as, before the Castle Hill was cut back 
to make room for Pelham Crescent, part of the wall of 
the castle projected bejond the face of the cliff, and a 
large mass which had fallen off lay below at the foot of 
the hill ; but the cliifs between Winchelsea and Peven- 
Bey are of too compact a structure to be easily acted 
upon by the sea, and they are probably now but little 
reduced fi-om the appearance they presented at the time 
of Ctesar's invasion. Beyond Hastings, towards Beachy 
Head, I am unable to point out any particular altei-a- 
tiona ; there is some evidence of changes, in medio?^'al 
times, near Pevensey, either on the shore or about the 
mouths of the streams, but 1 have no precise knowledge 
of the historj' of this locality. Throughout the line of 
coast here refeiTed to, from Dover to Beachy Head, the 
beach is now drifted by the tide along the shore with 
considerable force, and is accumulating in various places, 
but this kind of deposit seems to be of comparatively 
recent origin, for the older parts of the low lands con- 
sist (so far as my knowledge of them extends) of mud 
and sand ; this shows that the current is now stronger, 
at least along the low parts of the shore, than it formerly 
was, — a change probably craused by the wearing away of 
the cliffs and headlands. 

We may now gi\e attention to Ciesar's operations. 
His first expedition appears to have been in some de- 
gree experimental, as it was undertaken late in the 
season, with a small force of t\vo legions, unprovided 
with the usual quantity of baggage ; and as the trans- 
porting of this body of troops seems to have required all 
the ships then at his command, he cannot be supposed 
to have contemplated at that time effecting a permanent 
conquest ; and he says that if he could proceed so far 
only as to ascertain the chai-acter of the island and its 
inhabitants, the gaiiiing of this information would be 



98 



ON C.S8AS S LANDmO-PLACE IN BHirAW. 



highly useftU. From the Gauls nothing was to be Ipaint 
of the countiT or people of Britain, for even the tradei-s. 
to whom he made especial application, could teU neither 
the size of the island, nor by what tribes it was occupied, 
nor the customs of the inhabitants, or theii' usages in 
warfare, nor what ports were fit to receive a fleet.* In 
this state of ignorance, Ctesar thought it pmdent, before 
embarking on his entei-jirise. to send an officer, C. Volu- 
senus, in a galley to collect what information be could, 
with directions to return quickly, which be (Ud, after an 
absence of five days, without having ventured to land on 
the British coast.'' Hereupon CEcsai- completed his pre- 
parations, and sailing from Gaul with a favourable wind, 
about midnight, he reached the coast of Britain with the 
first of his ships at ten o'clock tiie following morning ; 
here he saw the hills on all sides covered with enemies, 
and finding the place he had appTOached to be altoge- 
tlier uns^lited for a hostile landing, he remained at an- 
chor until the rest of his fleet were assembled, and then, 
having in the meanwhile called his officers together and 
given his orders, at three in the afternoon, witfi wind 
and tide in his favour, sailed a distance of eight (or 
seven) miles to a flat open part of the shore, where, 
after a fierce contest, he succeeded in effecting a land- 
ing.' This is a general outline of Ctesar's narrative, but 

' " Si t^mpne anni ad bellum gerendmn dcficeret, tamen magno eibi osui 
■fore arbitral)atur, ai modo uiBiilani Eidisaet, geuus hominum perepeiisBet, 
locB, portuB, aditos cognovisset ; qua- omnia fere Gallia emtit ini^ognita. . . . 
Erocatb ad ae imdiqne merratoribae, Deque quanta essct inaulie magnitudo, 
neque quK aut quantie nationcs incolerent, neqno qnem iismn belli baburont, 
aut qnibuB institutis utereDtuT, neque qui easent ad majorum naTium muHi- 
tudinem idonei portiis, reperire poterat." — De Bell. Gall., lib. iv, o. 18. 

' " VolusenuB, perapectiaregionJbuB.qunntumcifiieultatiadaripotuit, qui 
nari egredi ac ae barbaris cominittero non aaderet, quinto die ad CiBBarom 
revertitur; quicque ibi perspexiaaet renuntiat." — Ibid,, lib. ir. c. 19. 

' " Noctus idoncam ad narigandiun tempeatatcm, tertia fere vigilia 
solvit. . . . Ipae bora dici ciroitor quaria cum primis navibns Britanniam 
adtigit, atqne ibi m omnibua collibiia eipoaitaa bostium copias armataa con- 
Bpcxit. Cujus loci hieiT erat nutum. : adeo montibua asguatia more couti- 



ON CiSAIiS LANDISG-I'LACE IN BRITAIN'. 



!>0 



I 



it is necessary for our present inquirj' to make a close 
examination of each step in his progress. 

The first thing to be noticed is, that Caesar twice 
mentions his desii'e to learn what ports on the coast of 
Britain were capable of recei\'Uig his fleet ; it may there- 
fore be concluded that his wish was to land in, or close 
to, a haven where his ships might be made secure. The 
way in which he speaks of the place where he first ar- 
rived is also remarkable, and to this I wish to call par- 
ticular attention, because I venture to think that Csesar'a 
words have been misunderstood. The genei-al assump- 
tion has been that they are not to be interpreted with 
perfect strictness ; it may however be presumed that 
he was well able to give an accurate account of what- 
ever he intended to describe, and it is difficult to be- 
lieve that he can have described a peculiar confomia- 
tion of the coast which he did not find : in this respect, 
therefore, I must avow myself to be, though a Briton, 
Csesar's ad^'ocate, and contend for a literal interpretation 
of his words. His description is very concise, but it has 
every appeai-ance of exactness, and is perfectly clear: 
"Cujus loci hiec erat natura: adeo montibus angustis 
mare continebatur, uti ex locis superioribus in Uttus 
telum adjici posset." The introductorj' words give em- 
phasis to what follows, and the whole passage seems to 
imply, that he was struck, if not surprised, by the pecu- 
liarities of the place. His subsequent proceedings ap 
pear to show that he was embarrassed by the obstacles 

Dcbatnr. nti ex locis superioribus in littiis telum adjici posnet. Hunc ad 
egrcdiendnm ncquaqoani idonoum tirbitratuB locum, dum rcliqus devcb eo 
coDvenirent, ad hiM-am nonam in oncbom expecUvit, luterim legatis tri- 
baniBque niiUtum convocatu, ct i^uco ci Yoloieno oognovissct, et qus fieri 
Tcllet, ostendit, monuitque, (ut rei milituriB ratio, maxime ut maritinue res 
jKistTiInriynt, ut qus cplcrem atque instabilom motum haberent,) ad nutum 
et ad tcmpuB omncs res ab iis administrarentuT. His dimisais, et ventum 
et tpatum uno tempore nactuj aecundum, dato eiguo et sublatia onchoris, 
circitfr millia pasBUUm viij (ai. vij) ab eo loco progreSBus, aperto ac plan'> 
littoro nnvcs couBtituit."— iJe Bell. OalL. lib. iv. e. 21. 



100 



ON CSSAR 8 UUromG-PLACE IN BRITAIN. 



unexpectedly encountered. The delay of five hours of 
inactivitj' might be accounted for by a reluctance to be- 
gin any liostile movement before his whole force liod 
arrived, but the calling togetlier of his officers during 
this interval, and explaining to them the intelligence 
Volusenus had collected, pointing out what he waa &- 
tending to do, and exhorting them to act with prom]>t- 
ness and disci-etion, indicates a change in his plan of 
operations, for the carrjing out of which fresh ordcre 
were necessary ; and as the fleet did not quit its anchor- 
age till within about four houi-s of sunset,' mth a new 
landing place to be found, a landing to be forced, and 
the army to be secured for the night. Caesar had good 
reason for urging his officers to exert themselves. A 
course of seven or eight mUes along the coast, in the 
direction of the tide, brought the fieet to a flat o]wn 
part of the shore, where a landing was gained with great 
difliculty.'' 

It is now necessary to revert to the coast of Britain, 
and endeavour to discover the locality of the transac- 
tions just refeiTed to. At Dover, there may have been 
an inlet at the date of Caisar's arrival, sufficient to be 
called a haven, but it must have been small, and the 
adjacent gr<mud does not agree with Ciesar's descrip- 
tion.^ A distance of seven or eight miles, in the direc- 
tion of the tide fiom Dover, reaches to Folkestone, or a 
little further, where an invading force would have fotmd 
vei-y serious, though probably not insuperable difficul- 



' AcoordtDg to Hallcy's computation, Cffisar amived on the coast of Bri- 
tain nt the end of August. 

* Tlie effect of the fleet rcmnining so long Bttttionnry. must have been to 
draw tlie Britons towards the neighbouring coast ; and il in posaible Cicsar 
may have prolonged his stay to the utmost, in the hope of enticing tiem 
airny from the parts to which he was abotit to direct hia course. 

' Tlip aito of Dover Castle has mach the appearance of having btwn n 
Briliah fortress ; if it really was so, and Cffisar had attnnpted to land tin- 
tncdialvly below, be could hardly liave failed to mention its ciiilence. 



riN cj:saiis landing-place in Britain. 



101 



ties. At Hythe,' or rather at Limpne, a reasonably 
good harbour probably existed, but the ground abutting 
upon it does not in any dcgiee possess, or appear to have 
possessed, the requisite peculiarities, and a movement 
from hence would have brought the Roman Hect to the 
shore of Komney Marsh, where it is impossible to sup- 
pose that Ctesar would have disembarked ; neither is it 
credible that he could, in the first instance, have steered 
to Romney, or any "other spot within the limits of the 
marsh. At Pevensey, there may have been a harbour, 
but it is difficult to imagine that any of the surround- 
ing ground can ever have suited with Ctcsar's descrip- 
tion, and a distance of seven or eight miles fiom hence 
would reach the cliffs towards Beachy Head. Neither of 
these localities therefore entirely fuliils the conditions 
requisite to establish the probability of its ha\'ing been 
the place of Ca?sar's arrival ; but there is one other spot 
to examine, \iz, Winchelsea ; here, as already noticed, 
there was a spacious harbour at the earliest date which 
is recorded, and I think there is the strongest ground 
for assuming it to have existed at the time of the Roman 
invasion ; there is also verj' great probability of the de- 
posit on which the old town of Winclu'lsca stood having 
been formed at that time, but of this no proof is to be 
found. I have not met with any evidence of the posi- 
tion of the harbour, but it can hardly have been auy- 
wheie else than between the site of the old town and 
the hills towards Pett. The whole of what is now Pett 
level, as far inland as to the cliff on which modem Wiii- 
chelsea stands, has unquestionably been occupied by the 
sea, and I have r.ot any doubt that at tlie date of Ctesar's 

> There OQce was a amaJl hnrbour at Hythc, nppnrentlj b. narrow creek 
formed b; & bar of sand or mud. a short diBtance off the firm aUoro ; it 
seems to liavo been in great part ehoked by an accumulation of the aame 
kind of deposit, and Bnbsoqaeatl; to have been obliterated by the drift of 
bvaeh ; or perhapa the bar waa washed away before the beacJi began to 
eoUect. 



ON CESAR S LAirorNQ-PLACE IN BRITAIN. 

invasion, and for centuries later, the greater part, if not 
the whole, of this tract was under water, with the shore 
on the western side following the blue line on the ac- 
companying map. The high ground next Pett slopes 
rapidly down to this line of shore, and ends in a succes- 
sion of small bays and promontories : at no part, how- 
ever, of the whole distance from Winchelsea to the 
point marked A, excepting in the valley from Panncl 
Bridge, and a length of perhaps two himdred yards at 
the hack of the bay C, does the declivity reach tlie 
water-level, as the skii't of the hills is worn away so as 
to form a step or low cliff, perhaps forty feet high, or 
rather more, at the end of the promontories, but in ge- 
neral of much less elevation.' The peculiarities of this 
spot are verj- remarkable, and as they bear strongly nn 
our present inquiry, it is necessary to describe them witli 
some minuteness. Beginning at the end of the mili- 
tai-y canal, marked A, where the cliffs which face the sea 
under FairUght end rather suddenly, and calcidatiiig 
distances along tlie bank of the canal, there is, fii-st, an 
opening, forming a bay, about 450 yaids wide ; then 
follows a cliff, something more than 450 yaixls long, 
part of which may be as much as forty or fifty feet high, 
but the greater portion is much less,- — this, when viewed 
from the south-east, has the appeai-ance of a promon- 
tory, but the ground at the back slopes very rapidly 
down to the level of the water, and it is actuary an 
island ; after this comes another opening or bay, about 
600 yards, or rather more, in width (still measuring on 
the bank of the canal), to tlie point of the promf)ntory 
B ; to which succeeds a thiixl bay and an oblique line of 
coast, reaching about 700 yards furtlier, to the point D. 
Now, if we look back to the time when Pett level was 
covered by the sea, all the characteristics of this locality 
appear conastent with C'wsar's narrative; — every probn- 
' Tlieelifl* under tlie town of WmchciaM is liigliiT. 



r 



I 



1 



- 1 



i 



t 






ON C^&AB'S tXlJDING-PLACE IN BRITAIN. 



103 



bility is in favour of the existence of a hai-bour; and 
in the iiTeg;iiIaritie8 of the shore are seen the angusti 
vtmites wliich turned away the Koman forces ; not high 
cliffs conspicuous from a distance, but low mounts, slight 
eminences, liigli enougli to stop the advance of invaders, 
and low enough to allow the Britons collected on them 
to throw their missiles with effect ; and between these 
the water was so held in, that had Csesar attempted to 
force a landing, his troops would inevitably have been 
brokeu into separate detachments, and, iu the then high 
etate of the tide, some of his ships might have floated 
under the cliffs, within reach of his enemies: so that 
the spot not only agrees most exactly with Csesar's de- 
scription, but also thoroughly justifies the opinion he 
gives, " Ilunc ad cgiediendum ncquaquam idoneum ar- 
bitratus locum." It may jierhaps be urged that Volu- 
sentis would have discovered such pecidiarities as these, 
and have warned Csesar against attempting a descent 
on this part of the coast ; but he is not likely to have 
ventured with his single ship into an imknown harbour 
in a hostile countiy, and, judging from the imperfect 
idea which 1 myself gained on seeing the place from the 
Pier-Head, a distant view would not have enabled him 
to detect tlie true character of the ground. 

Following the roast in the direction of the tide, from 
Winchelsea towai-ds Bcachy Ilcad, the fii-st opening in 
the high cliffs in any degree practicable for Cesar's pur- 
pose is between St. Leonard's and Bulvcrhithe, exactly 
at the right distance from Pett level to agi-ee with his 
history.' Here two small valleys unite on the shore, 
having between them a peninsular hiU connected Bi the 



' Dion Cufins flays Cretai miled ronnd a promontory, luid tUis the line 
of coMt would form to any one proceeding from Pett Icvol to Bulrerhithe. 
As Cvetti does not desmbe the charBcl«r of the coast, Dion Cnaeiua matt 
!i»»o derlTod his information from some other source, and He may therefore 
be regarded as an independent autUori^. 



ON C.E8AH8 LANDING-i'LACB IN BRI-rAlS. 

back by a narrow isthmus with the high ground of the 
inland counti-y. Tlie width of the int*'i-vfiJ existing at 
the time of the Roman in^'asiou between Bulvcrhithe 
and the end of the cliffs at St. Ix'onard's is doubtful, 
and it must have varied according to the depth of tlie 
curve which the shore may have followed along tlie skiit 
of the hills next St. Leonard's ; it is also uncertain whe- 
ther at that time the water reached the peninsular liill 
just mentioned; it is clear, however, that the cud of 
this hill has formerly been washed by the sea, and if it 
was so at the period refened to, the gap in the cUfia 
must have been di\'ided into two spaces, one (next Bul- 
verhithe) about five fmlongs wide at high tide, and tlie 
other of uncertain width, — perhaps a mile, perhaps half 
a mile. But the breadtli of these openings at high tide 
is of Uttle importance to om- invcstigaticm, as Ca?sar 
reached the place of his debarkation about, or a little 
before, the time of low tide, when, if tliis part of the 
coast was then like what it now is, there must have been 
a firm open shove of unbounded length, and nearly a 
furlong in width, between the cliffs and the edge of the 
water, affording ample space for a hostile landing, wliile 
the nan'owness of the internals through which the Britons 
could descend to the shore would have been favoujable 
to Caesar's small army. No peculiarities in any degree 
at vaiiance with Cajsar's narrati\e appear to be disco- 
verable in this locality, nor any cogent reason to exist 
why his first landing in Britain may not have been ef- 
fected at this spot: the "apertum ac planum littus" is 
not to be undei-stood as a low line of coast, but merely a 
^af shore exposed to the sea, in conti-adistinction from 
a liaven, in which he had designed to laud. No occur- 
rences are recorded after the Roman forces were esta- 
blislied on land that nill lielp our present inquirj-, but 
it may be noticed that Ciesar describes his galleys to 
ive been dmwn ashore, aud tlic Inmsports tn have 



\ 



& 






t^r 



''^Su.l^ar Growrvd/ 



Y 

4 

> 




M 



ox r^SABS I.AXDISG-PI_\CE IN BlUTAIN. 



105 ' 



remained at anchor in the open sea, implying that no 
cre«k or haven was available for their security ; and in 
this respect the spot under consideratinu suits with thu 
nanative. 

The year follon-ing the events which, thus fur, wo Imvo 
been examining, C«;sar embarked much eurlii'r in' the 
season, on his second expedition, with a force of five le- 
gions, and on reaching the coast of Bi-itain, about mid- 
day, found no enemy in sight ; he therefore luiidcd with- 
out opposition, and ha%iQg selected a siK)t for hU rump, 
marched in search of the British army, leiivinn liin tiliippi 
at anchor.' On tliis occasion he steered from (iiuil lo 
the part of the island which he had uscertuiiird iti tlio 
preceding year to be beat fitted for a liiiiding: lie doepi 
not say distinctly that he reached, or intciidi'd to reiicli, 
the very spot where he anived in his fivHt ex|M'diliini, 
but his words may well be mterpreted to Ninnify 'li'd: he 
did 90, and as Dion Cassius asserts plainly tlml. tlic iie- 
cond landing was at the same place as tin- fiiht, there It 
no good reason to doubt that such was the fuel. Cieitur 
again speaks of the open shore, and dewiibeH it to have 
been soft, a characteristic sufficiently iieeordatiL with tho 
ground between St. Leonai'd's and Uiilverhitln'.' In 





em Bet'utus, romia cmiiU'iiilit, lit imm |iiirli<ln ilimiliv 


caperet, qua optimum ea 


V ogrtsaum auptirioro nmlutr' uoniiKVcriil. . . , An- 


ecsBwa est ad Britannia: 


n omnibus navibua niPriiiiaiio t«n.< l4'miii>rc i iioi|iii> 


in eo loco hostia oat viaui 


r—DrBM. OaH,, lib. V. <3. 7. 


» " Eo minus veritua i: 


laribuji, quod in littoro niolli aUjuo upcrUi <li<lli[nlM 



ad anchoram relinquebat." — Ibid., lib. v. o. H, It mny rcniicmiibly bo liw 
ferred from the word mollU, that Cawnr diil not llnd lliv dii[Mail or buiuili 
which now ciista on thia part of the rout, nnd both ah oxtuniiiKtion uf Uiu 
shore and history tend alike to show that it is a very nioont ncinimiilatloii 
that whioh lies on tho shore, oa well ns that whi»li coTorn tbi- siirnuio ot the 
ground for a sliort distance inland, appears to liavi.> biM'n Uiruwu up in vury 
modern times. The aoil of the valli'j« is uky, lyinn over ica-sand. in. or 
immediately under which many tree* are foimi), some of consiihrrablo sisr, 
at depths varying from n few feet to fourteen feet below tbe surfaeo, I 
liaro not been able lo learn ihttl any traces of early ueuupatiou havi' been 
met A'ilh in tlicsu vullrys. In Cicsar's timn the sotl shore may hero have 
exU-udcd further loHords Iho sen iluiii it does ul jircfienl. 



106 ON CJBAR'S LAA-DING-PLACE IH BBmUS. 

both expeditions the Roman fleet suffered very eevei-ely 
fi-ora storms on the coast of Britain, but after the second 
of these misibrtunes the sliips were, with much labour, 
draivn on shore, and protected by fortificatious united 
with tlje camp, — an additional proof that there was no 
harbour to receive them. 

The peninsular hill before spoken of, the form of 
which may be seen on the map, deserx'es particular no- 
tice : its length is rather over throc-quartei-s of a mile, 
and the breadth at the widest part nearly half a mile ; 
the isthmus at the north-east end, which joined it to ihe 
neighbouring hills, is cut through by a railway, and its 
precise width cannot now be ascertained, but it probably 
did not much exceed a himdred yards ; the valleys on 
both sides contain streams, and, when imdraiued, must 
have given considerable protection to the flanks, so that 
the entu'e hill, in its original state, possessed very much 
the character of a natural fortress, and was peculiarly 
suited for military occupation. Here, it may be sup- 
posed, Cipsar would have found a favourable site for Ids 
camp, with one end touching the high gi-ound inland, 
and the other reaching to the shore, in immediate con- 
nection wth the shipping.' Verj" Uttle of the entrench- 
ments thrown up by the Romans can now be supposed 
to remain ; the Britons would have destroyed whatever 
they tliought foi-midable, and in later ages the tides and 
floods in the valleys, and the plough on the hills, nill 
have obliterated the tiuces which the Britons left. The 
greater part of the ground here referred to is ploughed 
land, on which 1 ran fuid no indications of entrench- 
ments ; but at the north-east end of the hill ai-e se\'eral 
meadows, and in these there are various irregularities 
and banks which deserve to be veiy carefully examined 
by those who are skilled in sueli investigations. It does 

' The niiliury atlriuit«fro8 of tLie Iiill innj' bave inHuoaoed Csmat in dc- 
leniiining llii' I'oursp vf Uis BeiiOiid o\|)i'dilion. 



ON C^SARS LANDING-PLACE IN BRITAIN. 



107 



not seem easy to account for them, except by supposing 
that they are the remains of military works ; but I leave 
it to others, better acquainted witli such subjects than 
myself, to determine their origin and object ; and in the 
hope of assisting further research, I liave added a rough 
sketch of the ground.^ 

IIow far the foregoing ideas are consistent with 
C'tesar's narrative, and the faint aids which are discover- 
able to guide us in tracing the course of his proceedings, 
it is for my readers to decide, hut to myself tliey appear 
to lead to this conclusion, — tliat on his fii-st expedition 
Ctrsar brought his fleet to tlie foot of the hills descend- 
ing to what is now Pett level, with the intention of 
landing there, but finding himself unexpectedly baulked 
by the peculiaiities of the place, and compelled to alter 
his plan of operations, he resolved to make a dash at 
some other part of the coast, and while waiting for his 
ships to assemble, he called his officers together, ex- 
plained what he intended to do, and admonished them 
to be prepared to act nith energy, and then (at three 
o'clock in the afternoon, about four hours before sunset) 
moved off towards Beachy Head, and turned his attack 
to the veiy first opening in the cliffs, in any degree prac- 
ticable, which he came to ; and, that on his second ex- 
pedition C'jesar landed at the same place, and established 
his camp on the hill referred to between Bulverhithe 
and St. Leonard's. 



' Tho best time to examine tLis ground ia dnrinK a bright day in winter, 
irliou the suu is low enough to sboM" clearly tiie irregularities of Ibosurfnee. 
A good Tie<r of some of the linra of embankment is obtained from the rise 
in the road, a little beyond (towards the north-CBsl) the bridge over the 
railnsj' The accompatij'ing plan is not to be regarded as aoythiDg more 
tliao a very rough, eketeb : an approTimate atale ma; bo applied lo it, of 
about uine'eightbs of an incb to a hundred yards. 



108 



OS C£SAB8 LASDtSG-PLACE Dt BBTTAIS. 



A few obaerradons may be added relative to Carsar's 
movements after his landing. I agree in ci{nntoQ »ilb 
the Astronomer Rojid, that the battle fought immedi- 
ately after Caesar's second arrival was on the banks of 
the river Rother. and in all probabilit)- at Robertabtiilge, 
for although the road across the valley at Bodiam most 
likely existed at the time, and woold undoabledly have 
been guarded by the Britons, Cwsar most be *aipposed 
to have made his attack at the nairowe^^t port of the 
valley, which is at Robcrtsbridge,* Mr. Aiiy also ex- 
presses his conviction, in reference to the stronghold 
which Caesar captured directly after this battle, that a 
large wood, called the Burg Wood, wljoiuing the ham- 
let of Hurst Green, once contained a British fortress. 
Upwards of twenty years ago I learned that indications 
of something of this kind existed ; and they are to be 
found in the highest part of the wood, near the eastern 
extremity, as marked in the accompanying map; the 
prindpol object is a somewhat irregular oval exca^-a- 
tion. rather more than a hundn^d yards long from east 
to west, and perhaps eighty yards wide ftom north to 
south ; eastward of this, about a hundred yards oatiMe 
the wood, is a hollow in the ground, very much like the 
commencement of a trench, and curved as if intended 
to snrround the oii-al excaratioo, but the traces are not 
cleac except at the eastern part. Tbeae works are too 
incomplete to be satisfactorily interpreted, except by those 
who are well accustomed to the investigation of andent 
entrenchments, and I do not venture to express any opt* 
uion concerning them. The site is such as the Britoos 
usually chose for their fortresses, bat if this is a rannant 
of one of their settlements, it appears never to have been 



' C^saruaitJted Iwdre milri tma fait amp to tW pbeeef d*btfd>; f < . J 

Ibk M fiucU; tba £rtKMe frm tk rtSkj at Bobatabridfe to ike UD .1 

ivfami to between BoWetUtlie nd 8l Leananr* ; 6«b TTiiiImw Badge . ' 

thm •*'***T"— woukl be aiMul two nuln fcithcr. 



ON CJESAB'S LANDIKG-PLACE in BRITAIN. 109 

perfected.' There is another indicarion to be noticed in 
this locality. On the rise of tlie hill, to the south of 
the old mad ascending troni Echingham Ctiurch, there is 
a step in the ground ^vinding round in a curve towards 
the new road by Haremare ; this is marked partly by a 
hedge aiid jiartly by a narrow belt of wood between the 
fields. As the natural efi'ect of long-continued cultiva- 
tion on sloping ground is to produce steps of this kind 
next the fences, there would be nothing noticeable in 
this circumstance, were it not that a continuation of the 
irregularity is to be traced in the wood on the opposite 
side of the old n)ad. 

Of the dii-ection of Ccesar's advance into the country 
we have no e%idence. The road through Lamberhurst 
and Tunbridge may be conside:-ed to be of British or- 
gin ; but the Britons never would have allowed lum to 
pass the Medway without a sharp contest,^more espe- 
cially as they had a camp overhanging the line of his ap- 
proach within about a mile of the latter jdace,' — and if 
an important battle had been fought there, Ciesar could 
hardly have failed to make some allusion to the peculia- 
rities of the groimd. If he had accurate information of 

' No traditioD or name scemB to be attached to this spot ; a cott«ger to 
whom I applied tinew thp ckrrular eicaf ation merely a« a deserted tand 
half, but it was originally aesuredlj not a saail pit ; and wLcd seen from 
till' fiouth-ircst. with the wood cleared awa)-, it eortmnly looks likq tlie 
bcgiuDiDg of a fortreu. The soil of this Deighboarhood is too tenacious 
of wet to admit of tlie fonoatioD of dry mosts, cicept in Bituatious where 
the ends of the tn-nrhea can run out on the sidu of a hill ; tbi.' ground in 
the Burg Wood has a sleep deseeat towards the north from the chief eiea,- 
vation, and in this reB[>eot is well suited for a British camp. Ciraar de- 
si-ribes the entrances of the plare which he slonaed to have been defended 
with felled trees ; and his troops applied the lestudo and also raised an 
' *Sff^^ "* '^''^ nttaoL. An assault on this spot must hare been made Iront 
tlifl soulli or fast, and there is a monnd projecting into the south side of 
tlio ovaI e:tcavalion, which an ardent imagination may claim to be the very 
work of Cn^ior's Mildicrs. 

' There arc remains of s Britinh rnnip at Caslle Ilill, close to the turu- 
pibn road ofipositv Summer Hill Park, rather more than a mile iouth- 
suulh-ea»t of the town of Tunlindge. 



110 ON CJB»AB'8 landing-place m BRITAIN. 

the character of the country, he would probably have 
avoided Tunbridge, and have moved in the direction 
of Wadhurst and Frant; supposing this to have been 
his line of march, his second camp may have been 
near Broadwater Down, between Timbridge Wells and 
Groombridge. 









COWDEN AND ITS NEIGHBOUEUOOD. 
By ROBERT WILUS BLENCOWE, ESQ. 

Among the many advantages attending the institution of 
a Society such as this which has heen so auspiciously 
commenced in imr countj*, one of tlie greatest is the 
occasitjn which it affords of bringing into notice districts 
and places of much interest, but which, being situated 
in distant and unfrequented parts of the county, are sel- 
dom visited, and are comparatively little known. 

Such a district is, or perhaps it might more properly 
be said, was till very lately, that country which surrounds 
the village of Cowden, at the extreme western boundary 
of the comity. If we take that place as the centre of a 
small circle with a radius of eight or ten miles, we are 
introduced to scenes and places, in the sister counties of 
Kent and Sussex, possessing great natural beauty, and 
which are full of intei-esting historical associations. 

It is situated on the borders of a \vild forest country, 
extending fiir into the county of Sussex, This forest be- 
longed to John of Gaunt, and in old title-deeds is fre- 
quently called Lancaster Great Park. A curious record 
of this possession is still to be found there in the signs 
of the public-houses which are scattered through the 
district ; the badges of tliat royal line, the Swan and 
the White Hart, having never been superseded by the 
most popular of English heroes, the Marquis of Granby, 
or by any other more modern signs. 

The character of the coimtrj' and the names of many 
the parishes includeil witliin it, such as Hartfield, 



lis 



CU'HUU A^ID TTS TTEnnUnCUPXITl. 



Baeksted. Horsted. Maiesfield, dMrlr indicate that it 
I devoted » t^ dune, Uut pasann of onr countn'- 
Ik in aD "S^^ wbetfaer indnlged In by kingii or nobles. 
\ mA • tDttl ft wyid m oAex ttavs fbr the wel&re and 
I. or boldlv followed bv the 



I Anai^ o«dnr waA Us band of bowmen, or. as is now 
^ VMHOMes fitrtivpW and sometimes audaciously 
I by Ae poadier and his gang. 
Tbr asBBF of Cowden. like that of the old town nf 
bet Cnnstvad. a tew uules off. implies a spot of ^-cen 
B yiitiin, in the tbrmer case placed in a rolley, and show- 
hk^ thiU it was applied to the support of animals far 
wi>[e uA'ful to man than stags and deer ; aii<l it fully 
j»»stifie» its appellation. The \illage, which has in « re- 
luarkable dejn^e that appearance of comfort and clean- 
liiH-n» which may be faixly claimed generally for the 
viUh^'s of Kent, though seated on rising ground, is sur- 
nxiitdeit with hills which overlook it, and the greenness 
uf the niendows iu which it stand* is very striking. It 
would be ditticult to find a lovelier riew than that from 
the gK«lfn-walk of the parsonage, and impossible to 
iHiH't with iH>ss*'ss«rs of such enjoyments more anxious 
tt> xhare tht-m with their friends and neighbours, than is 
|i4i)ipily llu" case with the kind and hospitable owners of 
it t'lose behind the parsonage stands the church, with 
i\* U>fty npitt- ttiid lower, — if so it may be called, for it 
*l<o»w ti» Im' all spiiv si'ated upon a framework of timber. 
'l'ht>iv all' many sltn^ples in Kent, and many more in 
Uu< N\ wild t»f S\i»!H'x. formed of this material ; but there 
U)t< imue, piiilsibly, where both the steeple and the base 
(hiui wlkU'U it spriugs are, as is the case at Cowden, 
i^iNt'tvO with wood.' 

) \^l^ iiJ«Mr<iK}M<l thcrv iir» Uw following simpli^ amd touching tmca 
' in tvutWumv uf ui iiifluil — 

'■ ilka Will him ui h'ui litllo icnve ; 
"l'«M Wd hi U^ turn (Wr. 
tVkvu >iur<U4 MTM t>uUii>4 Ibnh iU flowen, 
Ah4 ovvritkiut Mm Ur." 



rOWTaor -Aim ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD. 

Those who built these churches in the wild country 
where they lived and died, availed themselves of the best 
materials which they could get. The roads were nvTetch- 
edly bad, and for many months in the year they were 
impassable by heavy loads of stones ; so they hewed 
down their finest oaks which were near at hand, and cut 
out the choicest and hardest pieces, the heart of the 
wood, and with these they covered the framework of the 
edifice. These shingles, as they are called, have done 
thcii- duty ivell ; they have resisted the wear and tear of 
the elements, the expanding heat of summer, and con- 
tracting cold of winter, for centuries. Those who would 
wish to know how gigantic were the oaks of Kent and 
Sussex in olden time, would do well to mount the steps 
into tlie belfrj' ; a more curious sight than the inte- 
rior of that part of the building can scarcely be found 
anjTvhere ; arches of timber of enormous size meet to- 
gether at the top, which is like the keystone of some 
chapel, and these, which ai-e as sound as when they were 
placed there, more than four hundred years ago, support 
the whole weight of the fabric above. 

There are other features of interest, too, connected 
with tliia church. From Michaelmas to LadytJde the 
bell from the old steeple is tolled every morning at five, 
and every evening at eight o'clock, telling with iron 
tongue the hour ; and we may well suppose that in this 
wild district, its sounds, heard far and mde, may have 
guided many a bewildered traveller towards a place of 
shelter.' Nor is this the only thuig peculiar. By the 
wde of the pulpit stands the framework of an hour-glass, 
with its broken gla.ss within, that moi-e striking symbol 
of the lapse of time than the modem timepiece, remind- 

' Tbe smaJl sum of twenty stillingB wob charged BnnuBllf upon au 
OBtat« in the pari»b, about a hundred and fifty jt^ars ago, by a person 
of tlie name of Still, to be paid to the I'lork or ecxton for the perforni- 
ance of thia duty ; and if declined by them, there are alvayB competitors 
for it. 

VOL. I. I 



114 



COWDETT AND ITS NETGnBOtfBHOOD. 



ing the preacher when to close his sermon and dismiss 
his hearers, who, there is some reason to believe, were 
more patient' of a long discourse than is the case in the 
present day. 

In no distiict in England do we meet with more of 
those picturesque old houses and cottages, with their 
whitewashed fronts set in their fi-amcwork of dark-co- 
loured squares of timber, with bold projecting gables, 
and large massive stacks of chimneys in the centre, to 
which they seem to cling for support. Nor can we fully 
understand how much such buildings add to the beauty 
of the sceneiy, till the eye falls upon some modern red 
brick house, with its slated roof, or upon that most un- 
picturesque of all buildings, a hop oast. 

Probably no British remains are to be found, at least 
they have not been recognized, within our prescribed 
district, though the foot of the labourer may have often 
struck against the celt of flint, in which his unpractised, 
eye has seen nothing more than a common stone.* But 
of the first invader of our land there is a fine monument 
in the remains of a Roman carap, at Lingfield Marsh, 
close at hand, which is in some places triply, in others 
doubly entrenched; the banks rising occasionally to the 
height of sixteen or eighteen feet from tlie bottom of 
the fosse, and enclosing an area of six-nnd-twenty acres.* 
As yet no vestiges of Roman villas have been found, 
with their te&sellated pavements, and elaborate baths and 
flues, such as have been brought to light by the deep 

' " Sir J. Jeliyl," gays Lord Dartmcratli ia ft note ta BurnetB Hiatoty, 
" told me that lie yraa present at a. germon irliieU Bishop Dumet preached 
nt the Bolls Chapel, on the 5th XoTeniber. nnd that when he had preached 
out tlie faour-giasa, he took it up and held it in his hand, and t^en turned 
it np for iiaother honr i npon whioh tlie uudicnec, a very large one for ihi' 
place, Bet up almost a ehoul for joy." — Nole to Svrnet'g MUtory. vol. \'\, 
p. 439. 

' Sonio fine spetiimt'iia of these were Utf ly found in a tield Dear B«ignt«^. 

' For a full doscription of tkia cnmp, ace Mr. Beole Fosle's occouut of it 
Lu UiP Transatilions of the Arebieologieal Asiocintion. 



COWDEN AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOdl). 



115 



searchings of the di*amer at the foot of the South Downs, 
in Svissex ; hut there they prohably are ; for Kent was 
the most genial, most civilized part of Britain when the 
Roman held possession of onr land, and well might the 
officer of the Pnctorian Guards, however much he may 
have longed after the games of the Circus, and missed 
his walk or drive along the Via Sacra, have blessed his 
lucky stars that he was not doomed to waste away his 
life on the cold and savage hills of Northumberland. 

Nor is this camp the only vestige of the Roman, — 
there is another very cuiious one, if it wHl be accepted 
as such by our readers. In the Weald of Kent, and 
more frequently in that of Sussex, it often happens that 
the traveller finds in the quiet valleys lai'ge sheets of 
water, ui some cases rising almost to the dignity of lakes, 
which have been formed in other days by the damming 
up of one end of a vaUey through which some brook 
made its way ; they are often beautiftil features in the 
landscape, beuig frequently fringed n^th wood to the 
water's edge,— such a one there is, called Furnace Pond, 
close to Cowden, which covers an area of twenty-two 
acres. This is one of those numerous reser\'oirs of water, 
now the abode of those quiet fish, the cai-p and tench, 
which were formed to obtain sufficient water-power to 
work the mills at a time when this countrj', now one of 
the most silent districts in England, rang night and day, 
as Camden describes it, with tlie sound of hammers, fill- 
ing the neighbourhood with continual noise. Iron-stone 
was at hand and there was abiirKiaiice of wood for fuel, 
and there the forg(!s blazed till the opening of fresh 
fields of coal in the northern parts of England, and the 
discovery of richer ores of iron there, blew out the fur- 
naces of Kent and Sussex for ever. 

The local names of woods and lanes are strongly im- 
bued with this craft of other days. There is Hammer- 
wood and Cinder Ilill, Cause Iron, and the Forge Wood. 



116 



COWDEN AITD ITS NETOHBOtJHITOOD. 



Such names as these ai-e to be found in almost eveiy 
Wealden parish, and many centuries before the time of 
which Camden speaks, the Roman was at work upon 
his forges and his furnaces here. Tlieir pottery and 
the coins of Nero, Vespasian, and Diocletian have been 
found mingled mth the scoriEe of their old ironworks. 
A lane, now called Spode Lane, leads directly fi-om the 
Eoman camp towards the castle-field at Hartfield, of 
which castle the mounds on which it stood alone re- 
main ; and is it too much to believe that this name has 
been derived from the Latin word spodhtm, signifying 
the refixse of an iron-furnace ? — in fact, that Spode Lane 
was nothing more or less than Cinder Lane X 

Of the presence of other invaders of our land, the 
Dane and the Saxon, those sturdy forefathers of English- 
men, from whom wc have inherited, with other manly 
qualities, that ardent love of the sea which has made 
us the best sailors in the world, we have proofs in the 
names of places within our prescribed limits, of Dane 
Hill and Danehurst, of Saxonburj^ Hill on the heights of 
Eridge, and more distinctly revealed in the Saxon work 
in the curious old church at M^orth. It is remarkable 
how many of the descendants of the Norman chiefs who 
followed the fortunes of the Ctmqueror have been esta- 
blished within our chosen district. ITic names of Ne- 
vill. Sackville, and West are identified with this country. 
T^lie castles of their ancestors, with one great and fine 
exception, that of Timbridge, have disappeared, but their 
descendants still dwell there in mansions Ijetter suited 
to the tastes and wants of more civilized life. There is 
no satisfaction in reflecting upon the conduct and cha* 
racter of tliose fierce and violent men, the Normaii ba- 
rons, but in judging them wc must recollect that they 
were placed in a condition most adverse to the develop 
ment of good moral character. In the words of M. 
tiuizot, " A feudal cliieftain of those days belonged to 




COWDEN AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD. 



himBclf alone ; he held notliing of any one, and all his 
rights and all his power centred in himself alone. What 
a vast influence must a situation like this have exercised 
over him who enjoyed it ! ^V'hat haughtiness, what 
pride must it have engendered ! . . . No general and 
powerful law to restrain him, no exterior force to con- 
trol him, his wislies suffered no checks but from the 
limits of his power and the presence of danger." But 
of the descendants of these fierce and lawless men it 
may with truth be said that, as a class, they have amply 
compensated to society for the misdeeds of their ances- 
tors, and that they have been among the foremost in acts 
of piety and kindness and Christian love. 

To the Ust of noble names which we have given as as- 
sociated with this district, we might have added a few 
years since the illustrious one of Talbot. He who bore 
it, attracted by the quiet beauties of Cowden and its 
neighbourhood, came to live there. Gifted with talents 
which were proved in the stru^les of an arduous profes- 
sion, possessed of energies which were too severely tried, 
and, what was infinitely better, blessed with a disposition 
to do all he could to further the best and highest in- 
terests of his fellow-creatures, he was taken away from 
those to whom he would have been a guide and friend : 
and the church which he built in a distant part of the 
parish, is his best monument.' 

" As every change," to use the words of Mr. Hallam, 
" in the dwellings of mankind, from the earliest cabin 
built of wood to the stately mansion, has been dictated 
by some principle of convenience, neatness, comfort, or 
magnificence, it is interesting to trace them, showing, 
as they do, accompanjing alterations in the tastes and 
habits of those that built them." Taking these words 
as our text, let us apply them to some of the buildings 
which still exist in this our favourite district, and there 

' The Hon. Jobn CLptwyud Tdbot ; lie died May 2tilli, 18&2. 



118 



COWDEN AND ITS NEIGHBOnBIIOOD. 



are abundant opportunities of doing eo. Hever Castle is 
close by, and there we see reflected some symptoms of 
improvement in social habits, — there are some indica- 
tions of confidence in the greater security for life and 
property, and an increased appreciation of those refine- 
ments which, indeed, compared mth thi- elegances and 
luxuries of modem days, must be considered as extremely 
rude and bai'barous, but which were obrtous improve- 
ments upon the previous ages. The sterner features of 
defence, though not altogether gone, are gieatly modi- 
fied ; the proud keep has disappeared, and there ai'e no 
dungeons to tell of cruelty and suffering. A century or 
two had exerted some influence upon the savage cha- 
racter of our countr)'nicn. But the moat surrounding 
the castle, the strong gate, and the old portcullis, the 
loopholes in the walls and the towers which flank each 
angle of the front, sufliciently show that at the time 
when it was built, and indeed long afterwards, its in- 
mates could not dwell tliere in perfect peace and safety, 
in reliance on the law to guard them, but that they were 
forced to trust ^ery much to the strong arm and the 
sti'onghold. The moat was the chief defence of many a 
humbler home than this ; they are to be found suiTound- 
ing houses throughout the whole district, particularly the 
pai-sonages, both in Kent and Sussex; and at Iloi-stod 
Keynes, a beautiful village scju-cely beyond the limits of 
our range, and in many of its features very like Cowden, 
at a place called Broadhiirst, in the house where Arch- 
bishop Leighton passed the later years of his life, there 
is a heavj' shield of wood suspended over the staircase, 
which when let down at night and strongly barred pre- 
cluded all access to the sleeping-rooms.' 

Penshurst too is near at hand, showing, in the absence 



' Ai a diataiif^e of oltout four miles from the staticm at Hnywitrd's 
Iloatli. on till' I^ndim itn<1 Brighton KAilwaj, lie« tUJs beiuilLfii] BFqnci^' 
Ipred rillimo. nnJ in llie i-lturchyard tliiTp rcet the rrmsmi of Arcliliialii'i) 



COWDEN AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD. 



119 



of all means of defence, a happier and quieter state of 
social life, when that stately pile was raised : there it is, 
with its courtyard, its galleries, and, more than all, with 
its large and lofty hall. It requires no great effort of 
imagination to picture to oursehea a gallant party issu- 
ing forth from its wide portals ; the knight on his hand- 
some steed, his lady on her palfrey, with esquire and 
page aud gi'oom and falconer, to watch the hawk and 
the heron hattling together in the sky ; nor is it difficult 
to fancy them, on their return, carousing in that great 
hall, — the chieftains seated at the high table, and their 
kinsmen and retainers occupying the humbler places ac- 
cording to their ranks. All this has an air of splendour 
not without refinement about it, but what was the rea- 
lity f An envoy from Venice, who came to England at 
the close of the fifteenth centurj', has let us into many 
secrets as to our social condition at that time : though 
he found many things to admire, — though he spoke of 
us as being •' essentially polite in our language, which, 
though derived from the German, had lost its natural 
harshness, and was pleasing in its sound," — thtjugh he 
mentions a trait of our countrymen which we should 
little have expected in them, that " in adtUtion to their 
civil speeches, they have the incredible courtesy of re- 
maining with their heads uncovered with an admirable 
grace, whilst they talk to each other," — though he gives 
us credit for possessing good understandings, and a ready 
aptitude of acquiring anything to which we appUed our 
mind8,^-e\'idently considered us in many essential points 
an ignorant, illiterate, and hai'barous people ; and well 
he might, for he came from Italy, a nation which then 
far surpassed us in ci\Tlization aud refinement, in arts. 



Lcighton. A plain, bine, broken atone, inserted in tho wftU of the church, 
was till vpry lately the onlj moDument raised to his memory ( one more 
worthy of him ha* been lately ])laccd there, 

' ' Italian Belaliou of En^lnnd,' publiehcd by the Camden Society. 




' 3fidiael Angrio and ItapMd. "Wbra we icad," 

i Mr. HUfaaid ia aDiiaaB iotbaedBa,-af dielMte 

1 crriliiBtioB of Ko^e, llie giaurful cUolKBBeatc of 

■ Dolisbtf . &e vit, tke poetiT. die cxianfy aMBacn. 

t wAcAantap, die extended fnwi iwun , wti tihe b>bif 

^ddHirincfa aa>keddiepedod,itB4ifiralttD 

> tfast dkc be* Uood IB b^nd woe th^ danig 

~ «t ten, diac die dimicw were cwp tw cd <d bnge mamea 

of fredi and altcd omt fpread upon a grmt oak taUe, 

fad dist dkeb fimd «v dioTCiled into die moA widk- 

I out die bHp of a fink, — diat die floor of dbdr £iuii^ 

■fcalb was etreini widi nudiea, wmaog wbidi die dogs 

FKarefaed and fim^t for bones, — and dial in die intenals 

of feedh^. tbeir miiidi were lecrealed hj die poonres of 

tnmblera and die ooane }6ke» c^liccBied jestexa."* 

It is dme, bowever, that diis papra' dioiild diaw to a 
do«e, not dtat we have br any means exhamCed erenr 
object of iDterest. To the loren of old dinn^es and 
tbeir actompaniments, tbere are many things to delight 
them : there are the fine brasses ^ the fiunibes of 
C'hej'ne and Bolevn at Herer, and that ctmoos one in 
thf chorch of Leigh, which represents an angei with a 
trumpet sommoning a female ^m her tomb, who is 
rising forth with join<?d hands, with a scroU from her 
month, with these words inscribed, ~ Behold, O Lotd, 
T come willingly." There is the lich-gate at Hartfield, 
under an old cottage, the correqxmding house which 

•Ba'Moa^iahaij.'bjiiT.WB^ai. IW au^e spiiit wa* han 
s fnttf Jtmng eicn m Uie beat bcb m tbe di^ of Qsen lOinbetk. 
iirtni BaVU^aUmej, ihoa^ gw*lly f w i to fa a, cowldttot wwtetolM 



"Mr. MoffiMBx.— FevvofdnanbeiMi gty leUcn to anr CtflMr km 
e ta &B wfm el taa^ amthir <»a I eanitmut: iy b«t yew far h. . . . 
tan yon Mbn Gov, thai if I katm jva io m> waA m md nj Hbr 
rilrtfrntij-ftrtfifT wilhrtiri hi«fff wirM«t ii ^ wrii t nrBiJf tw ilffl rt TlriH tltfwi 

J ilig^iii inio yov. aod tniat to it, for I ipeak m ft iM»l i in Ibe ann 



^ D 




<|illiiio.gaiaffl^fflm5aTfjiicitti)ta 8jmni. 



COWDEN AKD ITS NBIGHBOXJBnOOD. 

f'onned half the gate having been pulled down, the ori- 
ginal arrangemeat being evidently the same with that at 
Penshurst.' 

Should any one gifted with that happy quality, a love 
uf beautiful scenerj', and with a taste for archaeological 
pursuits, be induced by what has been written to ex- 
change for a short time the smoke and tumult and occu- 
pations of a city, for tlie quiet repose and refreshment of 
a lovely country, and should he, in so doing, find health 
and peace and interest, one of the objects of the writer 
of this paper will have been accomplished. 

' See ' The Churches of Kent,' by tlio Ecv. Arthur Hubbcj. 




"PROBATIO ..ETATIS" OF WILLIAM DE SEFTVANS. 



FBOM THE SL^XRENDEN COLLECHON. 



In the few introductory remarks made to the " Tnqoi- 
sitiones post mortem," in the Appendix to this volume, 
an explanation is given of the nature and liabilities of 
tenures i» capite. 

It will be there seen, that on the death of a tenant 
holding by knight's senice, an inquisition was held pur- 
suant to the King's writ of " diem clau^t extremura," 
to inquire into the nature of his tenure, the extent and 
value of his lands, and the name and age of his heir. If 
the deceased was found to hold of the King in capite, 
and his heir was under age, the King, by his prerogative, 
took the land into his own hands as guardian, and kept 
them, or granted the custody of the same to some indi- 
Wdual to hold, till the heir proved himself of age, 

'\^"hen the heir came of full age, in order to obtain 
his lands out of the King's hands, he sued for a writ " de 
setate probanda," which was forthwith issued to commis- 
sioners, as well as to the escheator, to inquire into the 
age of the infant, another writ being issued to the sheriff, 
to impanel a jury before the commisdoners on au ap- 
Ijointed day. 

The jury returned their verdict on oath; and the heir, 
if proved of age, obtained livery of seisin of his lands. 

Frauds on the Crown were occasionally committed, 
as the accorapan)"ing document fully testities. 

The c\idence9 adduced in proof of age are among the 



"PROBATIO .ETATIB OF WILLIAM DE 8EPTVAN8. 

most interesting of tliose preserved among the national 
records ; they deyelope much of tlie private history and 
pedigrees of families, often furnish very graphic pichires 
of domestic life, and supply valuable notices of historical 
facts, and local incidents. 

The heir of the knightly and affluent house of Sept- 
vans, owner of extensive estates, evidently a youtli of 
weak mind and reckless habits, had fallen into the hands 
of most unscrupulous and crafty plunderers, among 
whom the Lord of Penshurst, Sir Nicholas Lovayne, 
plays a conspicuous part. In order to accomplish theiv 
designs, it was necessary to concoct a regular conspiracy 
to amove his lands from the hands of the Crown during 
his minority, and then to beguile him into the alienation 
of his inheritance. Whether the Crown, " ipso motu," 
claimed its rights, or the relatives of the unfortunate 
sufferer bestiired themselves to rescue the estates from 
the fangs of the plimderers, does not appear on the face 
of the document. Be this as it may, the case, which in 
our days would have been the subject of a suit in Chan- 
cery, was brought before the King's CouncU in Parlia- 
ment, which was then the only court' competent to re- 
lieve the sufferer and do justice to the claims of tlie 
CVown. Parliament annulled the acts of the minor, and 
restored to him his inheritance. 

'Hie attenti\e reader mil find much in this transaction 
to illustrate the bearing of our feudal s)'stem on domestic 
life, and many points in our constitutional histoiy, which 
escape the more comprehensive statements of the gene- 
ral historian : as such, and as developing a little tale in 
the annals of one of our old knightly families, we hope 
it may be deemed worthy a place in the 'Archieolopa 
Cantiana.' 

' Tho Court of Chancery was not yot completely eBtabliabed aa the conrt 
of equity for rcdroBs of gricmncoB wliich arc beyond the power and jtuHh- 
diction of tite courts of lair. Tid* Mr. Hardy's preface to the Close Bolls. 



126 "rnoBATin jtatts" of wtlliam de septtans. 

The document before us is an Exemplification, by 
Letters Patent under the Great Seal il Ed. III., of the 
Recoi-d of the case, as investigated and decided by P.ir^ 
liament. It was granted on the petition of William de 
Septvans, to whose recovered estate it had become an 
indispensable title-deed ; for its production would at all 
times be legal and conclusive e\idence against the repre- 
sentatives of those who had conspired to obtain posses- 
sion of the minor's property. 

The instrument is written partly in Latin, and partly 
in Norman-Fi-ench ; we have, however, rendered it into 
English, in the belief that in that form it will be more 
acceptable to some of our readers than it would have 
been if copied verbatim from the original language : 
it is as follows : — 

■' hdtcrg Patent. 

" Edward, by the grace of God ... of England, Lonl of 
Ireland and Aqoitaine, to all to whom these present's shall 
come, greeting. 

" We have inspected a record and process had before our Lord 
the Kingj in his Parliament at Westminster, held on Monday, 
on the morrow of the Invention of the Holy Cross, in the for- 
tieth year of his reign, in these words. 

" Our Lord the King isBuetl his writ in these words : — 
" ' Edward, by the grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ire- 
land and Aquitaine, to his beloved and faithful John de Cobham, of 
Kent, Thomas de Lodelowe, and William Waure, greeting. 

'" Whereas, we have been given to understand that Williiim, son 
and heir of William de SeptvauB, Knight, deceased, who held of ua, 
aa of om- Crown, in eapite, and whose lands and tenements, with 
their appurtenances, in the counties of Kent, Sussex, and Essex, by 
reason of the minority of the foresaid beir, were taken into our 
hands, has insulBciently proved bis age before our escbeator in the 
Bfud cDimty of Kent, who was incorrectly informed thereof, at the 
procurance, invention, and information of certain persons, suggest- 
ing that the said William, son of William, was of full age : and that 
we wore deceived in the said proof, because the foresaid heir is still 
within age, and will be so for a considerable time : and that, owing to 
our being deeeived. the lauds and tenements aforesaid, with their 



"PROBATTO JTATIS" OF WILLIAM DE SEPTVANP. 127 



' apptirtenasceB, were, hy the said loqaisition, thos folaely iiiformed, 
' delirered out of our hands to the eald heir, to the loss of the right 
' and profit to us thereby pertaining. 

" ' We, willing to proride for our indemnity, in this matter, as is 
' fitting, have asBigoed you, and two of you, of whom we wiJl you 
' the said Thomas to be one, to inquire by the oath as well of kiiigbta 
' m of other good and liege men of the said county of Kent, by whom 
' the truth of the matter may be better known, concerning the age of 
' the foresaid heir ; and if by the said inquisition it should chance to 
'be discovered that the said William, son of William, ia still within 
'age, then, by whom the proof of his foresaid age was made, and at 
' whose procurance, invention, or information ; and who have occupied 
' the lands and tenements aforesaid, from the time of the proof of the 
' foresaid age, and received the issues and profits thereof, and by what 
' title, how, and in what manner, and where ; and in whose company 
' the said heir liaa been from the time aforesaid, and by whom he baa 
' been counselled and led away ; and whether tlie lands and tenements 
'aforesaid be wasted and destroyed in buildings and woods, or not, 
' and if so, then by whom, and to what damage to us or the aforesaid 
'heir; and how much those Inuda and tenements are worth, in all 
' issues, per annum, according to the true value of the same ; and bow 
' much prolit we have lost by preteit of the foresaid proof of ago 
'thus incorrectly taken, and how much, and in what manner; and to 
' inquire also into the truth more fully, concerning all other articles 
'and circumstances touching the premisses; and therefore we com- 
' mand yon that you do take, on and at certain days and places which 
' you, or two of you, (of whom we will that you the said Thomas shall 
' bo one,) for this purpose shall appoint, an inquisition on all aud 
'singular the premisses; and it distinctly and openly made, you do 
' send without delay to us in our Chancery, under your seals and the 
' seals of those by whom it has been made, and this writ. 

" ' For we have ordered our sheriff of the said county of Kent, 
' that, on or at certain days and places, which you, or two of you, of 
' whom we will you the foresaid Thomas to be one, shall make known 
'to him, he shall cause to come before you, or two of you, of whom 
'we will you the said Thomas to be one, so many and such, as well 
' knights as other good and liege men of his bailiwick, by whom the 
' truth of the tilings in the premisses may be better known and in- 
' quired into. In witness whereof, we have caused these our letters 
' patent to he made. Witness ourself at Russhyndon,' in the Isle of 
' Shepeye, the 13th day of April, in the fortieth year of our reign, 

" ' By letter under the seal called tbe Siguet.' 



' Rushingdor 



II Minster, in Sheppt-y. 



"FKOBATIO XTATIS OF WnXUM DB flSPrTMlBL' 




" Bj pretext of whiiA writ, tlie foicMid John, Hmmdm, sad 1 
Umd, proceeded toinqntre eoocenimg tlie preniaees, uid tooka 
tain inqnintian, and diren eridmoes, in otder to iiNiiliiii t 
of the ftge of the foreaoid heir, of which inqnintioa and t 
the teooitr feDom in theae words : — 

" ' An loqnintion hdd before John de CoUkib, of Kent, Hmhiw 
' de Lodelowe, and Witliam Vanre, aaaigned b; eomaunioD of oar 
' Lord the King, to inquire conceroing the age of WtlUam, aoo aad 
' heir of WiQiam de Septrana, Knight, deceaaed, who bdd of the wid 
' King, of his crown, m rtpitt ; and to do and fulfil eertatn othw 
' things contained in the Commitiinn of oar Lord the King, at Can- 
' terborj, on the Tneaday next before tbe Faat of St. George^ to 
'the fortieth year of oar aaid Lord tbe King, by the oath of John de 
' Northwode, Knight, Thomas Apoldrefeld, En^ht, Tliocuu Chioehe, 
' Kni^t, :K(Jtard atte Leae, Knight. John de BrakhnU, Knight, John 
' Barij, WiOiaffl ApoldielUd, Tbomaa Colpepir, Henrj- Apoldrefeld, 
' senior, Henry Anger, Falco Payforer, and Geffrey Colpepir, who say, 
' opon their oath, that the foresaid William, son and heir of the fore- 
' said ViDiam, will be tw^itr years old, mA no more, on the feast of 
' St. Angiutia the Doctor, next coming ; and they say that twelve men, 

* whose names are stitched to this Inqmntioo, were snmmooed before 
' John de Tye, eacbeator of our Lord tbe King, in the county of Kent, 
' at Csnterbnry, at a certain day now past, to prove the age of the Mid 
' heir, of which men three, to wit, Alexander Baren, John Pikerrng, 
' and Thomas Bopere, were not sworn before tbe said eadwator, and 
' eo they aay that the foresaid proof was neither rightly nur legtti- 
' mately made, as tbey understand. 

■"They also say that W^Diam de CUrchebuIl, Clerk, was the first 
' procurer, deriaer, and instigator to the aid mUiam, son of William, 
'at Canterbury, to make suit for his lands and tenenenta, to be 
'amoved from the bands of our Lord the Kii^, and to prove faia ag«; 
' and after the return of the inquisition " de Mate probanda," tbe nid 
' 'ffmiam de Chirchehul] and Luke de Wbctynden sued to hare the 
' fbreaaid lands and tenements out of the King's bands, inasmuch 
' as tbe said Luke was retained of tbe coonsei of &b sdd William, 
' >on of WiOiajn. 

"'And tbey aay that tbe said WiUixm, son ofWHlbBL, hwl tbe 
' nedicty of the manor of AJdjngton,' in the county of Kent, •» 

* is worth ten pounds per annuin ; and certain nanbes, called I 
'lyng and Henyng, in Iwade, worth forty shillings per a: 

* which mediKy is a certain wood, worth one hundred pounds U 
' wliiHi the said William, mm of WiDiam, oocuiued from tbe ti 
' when our Lurd tbe King removed bis hand therelrofa, to tha t 

■ L e. AJduiKtoa Septvaas, ia Thsmlian. 



■'PROBATtO SrVATlS" OF WILLIAM OE SEPTVANS. 129 



' of the Nativity of our Lord, in the thirty-eighth year of our said 
' Lord the King, at which time the aaJd William, sou of WiUiam, 
' enfeoffed ia the said tenemeuta oue John Gower, to hold to hiio 
'and hiB heira for ever, for nbich mediety, wood, and marahea lie 
' gave fouTflcore markdi and no more ; by virtue of wliich feofimout 
' the aaid John Qower has occupied the eaid tenements, from tlie 
'said Feaat of the Nativity of our Lord until now, and still occupiea 
■ them, and continues to receive the profits thereof. 

" ' They also say that the foresaid "William de Chirchehull waa, aa 
' bi-'forc , the procurer, deviaer, and instigator, at Canterbury, to sue 
' out of the King's hands the manor of Milton,* in the said county of 
' Kent, with its apj>urtenanceB, worth twenty pounds per aunum, and 
'one messuage in the city of Canterbury, worth twenty shillings per 
' annum ; and, after the return of the Inquisition Je (stale probandd, 
' the foresaid WiUiam de Chipchehnll and Luke de Whetj-nden sued 
' to have the said manor and measuage out of the King's hands, and 
' in the same manner sued for ten pounds rent in Littleboume and 
'Welle. 

" 'And they say, tliat afterwards, at the feast of Michaelmas, in 
' the thirty-ninth year of our aaid Lord the King, at the appointment 
'of Sir Nicholas de Lovcyne,' the foresaid William, son of William, 
' by %-irtue of an agreement made between the said Nicholas and the 
' said William, sou of William, enfeoJled Walter de Multon and Bi- 
' chard de Sugworth, capellana, and Kichard Maufe, aorvants of tlie 

* said Nicholas, in the foresaid manor of Melton and the foresaid rent 
'in Littleboume and Welle; by virtue of which feoffmeut, the said 
' Walter, Bichard, and Bichard, thi^ said manor, from the foresaid 
' time until now, have occupied and still occupy ; and the issues and 

• profits thereof have received, to the use of the said Nicholas ; and 
' the said William, son of William, has continuously occupied and still 
' ocmipies the said annual rent of ten pounds. 

" ' Item, they aay, that William, son of William, had in the said 
' county of Kent, the manor of Promhiill, worth thirty-five pounds 
' jier nimum, of the gift and feoffment of Eichard de Aleele, fiector of 
'the church of HarrietBhom, being charged to John Soptvans, for 
' life, with a certain annual rent of ten pounds, and held of the Arch- 
' bishop of Canterbury ; and which manor he alienated to the foresaid 
' Walter, Sichard Sugworth, and Bichard Maufe, to the use of the 
'said Nicholas. 

" ' And they aay that, after the foresaid feoffment mode to tlm 
' foresaid John Oower, the said William, tton of William, was con 

' i. t. Atilton-next-Csnterhmy. 

' Sir Nii;hoIas de Lovaiuo wm al tltis Umu Lord of the Muior of Pens- 
liiirst. 

Vnt.. I. K 



ISO ''PBOBATIO XTATJS" OP WILLIAM DK SEFTrASS. 

' tinuouely ftbiding in tbe company of Bii.'hard Hurst and (^ iud 
' John Gower, at Cnnterbury and eUowhere, until the feast of St. 
' Michael last past, and throughout the whole of that time the said 
' Williajn, son of William, was there led awaj by them, and counselled 
'to alienate his landa and teuemonts; and from tbe said feast of St. 
' Michael, to the feaat of St. Gregory last past, he waa dwelling vitli 
' tbe foresaid Nicholas Loveyneat Peneshurst, and elsewhere, md the 
' said William, son of Wiiliam, during the whole of t hat time was, by 
' the said Nicholaa, and the foresaid Walter, Sichard de Sugworth, 

* and Sichord Maufe, there led away and counselled to alienate his 

* lands and tenements. 

'' ' And they say that there is no waste or destruction in the fore- 
' said lands and teuements. 
" ' And, in like manner, they say, that Simon de Burgb, at his 

* own suit, caused himself to be retained by the foresaid William, 

* son of William, to be of hia counsel, and made the said William, 
' son of William, grant Imn, by hia deed in writing, a certain annual 
' rent of t«n pounds, to him and his heirs, to be received from the 
' said manor of Melton ; which writing was delivered to the said 
' fiichard de Hurst, to be kept to the order of thesuid William; and 
'afterwords, the said Bichard delivered that writing to the said 
' Simon, contrary to the wish of the said William. 

" ' In testimony whereof the foresaid jury have attached their seals 
' to this inquisition. 

" ' Given at Coutcrbuiy, on the said Tuesday, in the fortieth year 
aforesaid.' 

" The evidences by which tbe said jury arrived at the knowledge 
of the age of the foresaid heir, appear in a certain schedule hereto 
attached. 

" The grounds on which they say and know that the infant is 
within age are these — to wit : 

" ' In primis, — It ia » tiling known to many knights and 
' squires on this inquest that they were with the Earl of Htm- 
' tyngdon^ when our dread Lord the King was at Caine ; and 

* the said Earl of Himtyngdon, actually in company with him, at 
' the time' that the Earl of Ewe* and the Chamberlain Tanker- 

' Froiwart states that the Earl of Huatyngdon commanded the HotilLi 
in this expedition, and took back to England ihe prisonera and plunder of 
Ckd : — " Draps, joyaux, ralBseUe d'ot et d'ar^ut, e( toolca autm ri^L-ews 
dont ils avoient grand fuison." 

' Tbe Euglish nrmy, under Edward IlL and Geffrey d'Haitourl. «r- 
Hvei] before Caen oii thr 26tli July. 1316. 

' rT</cp. 134. 



"PROBATIO .ETATIS" OF WILLIAM DE SEPTVANS. 131 

' rill irere taken and sent to England ; and at that time the eaid 
' Earl of Huntj-ngdon returned to England, to be cured of a ma- 
' lady whicli he had, and Mr. William de Septvaiis, father of the 
' infant, who waa of the company and retinue of the said Earl, 
' returned to England with him ; at which time they found the 
' wife of the said Mr. William pregnant of the said infant ; and 
' the Earl of Himtyngdon went away to Poplar (Populer) to lodge 
' there, in order to have his physicians handy from London, and 
' made the Countess' live at Preston, in order to be godmother 
' of the child, when it should be born ; and the infant waa bora 
' on the day of St. Austyn the Doctor' next after, and the Abbot 
' of St, Austyu's, predecessor of the Abbott that now is, and Mr. 
' Thomas Daldon* the elder, who is dead, were godfathers of the 
' said infant, and the Coimtcas godmother ; and very soon after, 
' when the Earl was cured, he returned from theuce over the sea, 
' (ind came to the siege of Calai.s, and Mr. Wilham de Septvans 
' with him ; and the said Mr. William told his companions, the 
' knights -esquires who are now sworn on this inquest, how, since 
' his departure from them, God, of his grace, had so visited him, 
' that he bad sent him a son ; and that this thing is true, they 
' are ready to do whatever it becomes any gentleman to do,* 
' and how long it is since the siege of Calais is not an unknown 
' thing. 

" ' Another evidence they have : WiUiam, Abbot of St. Aas- 
' tyn's,* predecessor of the Abbot that now is, godfather of the 
' infant, very soon after he raised him from the font, died, within 
' one month after ; and immediately the Abbot that now is, and 
' the monks, sued our dread Lord the King, to obtain leave from 
■ him to go to a new election ; and our dread Lord the King 
' granted bconse by his patent, which is of record, and which 
' was then shown at Canterbury, bearing date the twentieth 
' year of the King that now is ; and that this thing is true, the 

' i. e. Juliana de Leybome, tLe Bubjcrt of our article, p. 1. 
' The 28th of Auguit. ' ('- e. ThoiuM de Aldon. 

' " Defairc qAq nttient a nul gentiz hom* dofiure," i. e. lo voui'U tlii' 
Irutb iu any vay bocomiug to a gcntleiiuui. 
' i- c. Williara Drulogo, who died September U, Illti. 

K 2 



ISS 



'laoBuio MtAm car wiluam dk bittaxs. 




' Abbot that DOW u, maA tbe Prior c/ lihe and hooBP, and « 
r-' Doctor of Decn»0, md G<btT ema^ inaBkB of dw ame hna^ 
I « H« Ksdf to pniTr, od tbeir oatb, whea it ihd) pleaw iW 
'King. 

' TW third rridmce tbe; bare : tber« is one Sir JtJin Fiv- 
'.'bbdy, |wr*oo of tbe cbnrdi of Boctoo, irbo wu neaiarer lo 
kXr. Tbaaaa DaUoa, wbo waa the otber godteber of ibe ia- 
'■* faatf bgr wboae aooooat it appean, that be deGrered to tbe add 
^Mr.lliofBaaDaUcmthiabjTdaDd tsaater, • sinr cap and cw«r 
' to girc to tbe aaid inbat, the wbidi be gave to tbe aaid tafint 
'cm tbe momnr of tbe feaet of St. Aaa^ afbreand, is tbe 
' twentietb year of tbe Kii^ tbat now ii.' 

" A« by tbe reoard uid proeeai tboneof beU, flkd nfamed iiAo tbe 
ChaaeefT of oar Lord tbe Sing, bsj ■■(■« pluilj- ^pev. 
" And vbeicaa oar Lord tbe Eisg wie tn£inBed tbrt tb aid 
D (after thet tbe laade aod teneaienta irincb an of baa iabe- 
, and wbicb hj waana of Ua ntaori^ vwe ta tbe Kia^s 
I, wen ddiTM«d to du aaid Villtsa^ oat at tbe Kiag'a baiid% 
ext of tlie lureaaid prooO alifwatwl ■ lai]ge part of tbe aaid 
nd teoeiDenU to diven pcnoBa, and boond faian^ to aaaaf 
in diven auma of moncT- and uuinal reai*, aa adi hy ht>ua 
ite BKicfaaiit, aa bjr other diren deeda eanOed aaaag tbe 
f tbe King'a Cfaaacerr : He caaaed tbe fiwend leeoed aad 
a (ea veQ for tbe indemnity of the aaid KiuB, leat be abooU 
i eaatodf of the Ibreaaid lends and teaeniwilB bj- the moA 
dt!oe|)dan, aa of the fnrraiitl WtUnm, lest daring Ua laiaoritT be be 
diainherited) to ooaie into hia Faritement, held at Weataunater; oa 
tbe atorrov of tbe Ia:*eBttoa of tbe Holj Croae, in tbe fertieCb jvar 
tX oor aaid Lord the King ; which record and prooeaa, aad the ib- 
qaiattioD aad erideneea iSontaiA, being ahowa, read, and esaanned 
bc&ee our aaid Lord tbe King, the prehdee, and '^gtrfii, aad earn* 
■Mmahf of the kmgdon of Bo^aad in the aaid Psrijameoi ; the 
■aid WiUtain, aon of WiUiam de Septraaa, being there in penoa, it 
appeared to the wfaote PwliaiDeDt, that tbe aaid TUtiam, aon of 
, waa not of fuQ ^e, aa ta contained in the foreaud proof; 
renpoo it waa cooaidered io the said FarliaiDent tbat that proof 
f no nlue or efleet, and that all tbe lands and tenemeDta, with 
miocea, which belonged to the aaid WHliein de Beptrwn, 
r of the aud WiUiam, aon of WiUias], and which, bj riwaiii of 
liaority of tba aaid Williwn. ton of WiDiau, the heir of tbe 
A'iUiaia de dcptraaa, were talten into the hiiig*< faaode, and to 



"raOBATIO iETATIs" OF WILLIAM DE SEPTVANS. 133 



the eaid heir, as of full age, by pretest of tlie foresaid proof (thus in- 
Bufficieiitly made) were delivered out of the King's hauds, Bbould bo 
reseized into the King's hands, to whosesoever bands they might hare 
come ! together with the iasues received therefrom, from the time of 
the foresaid proof, and should remain in the King's hands until the 
lognl age of the foresaid heir ; and that all deeds, writbgs, and obliga- 
tions, as well asof statute merchant and of the staple, lis all other what- 
soever, and also the recognizances by him mode before the present 
time to any persons whatsoecer. should be revoked, quashed, and 
altogether annulled. And that processes should be issued, by writs 
of ' scire facias,' against all tliose to whom any lands or tenements 
of the inheritance of the said William, son of William (after proof 
of the foresaid age, and livery of the Innds and tenements of his in- 
heritance, from our hands bad), have been alienated ; and also against 
all those to whom the said William, son of William, has granted any 
annual rents ; also, against all those to whom the said William, son 
of William, is bound in any debts, by statute merchant or of the 
staple, or by reooguizauces, or charters, ftTitings, or any other deeds ; 
to cause them to come into the King's Cbaucery, to show if they have 
or know anything that they can say, for themselves, why tho foresaid 
lands, tenements, and rents, tlius alienated, ought not to bo reseized 
into the Kmg's hands, and the charters, writings, statutes, recogni- 
taiices, obligations, and other deeds which were executed by the said 
William, son of William, quashed and annulled, as of no effect and in 
error ; and to do and receive what sliall be just in this matter." 

" Now we, on the supplication of the said William de Sept- 
vans, have thought fit that the tenoiir of the record and process 
Aforesaid, be exemjilified hy these presents, 

" In testimony whereof wo have caused these otir Letters to 
ho mode patent. 

" Witness onrself at Westminster, the first day of March, in 
the forty-first year of our reign.' 

[Oil (/w fold.'] " Gi:amined by John de Ffolkingham and 
Robert de Muskham." 

[SeaM wUh lh< gr>'^l <,ail.] 

" It is enrolled among the memoranda of tho Exchequer, to 
wit, amon)^ the Records of Easter Term, in tho forty-sixth year 
of the with! 11 -written King, on tho part of the King's Remem- 
brancer, to wit, in a certain jiroeeBS touching the within-written 
Willinm Septvans." 

' Mipch. 136fl.7. 



IM 



' PROBATIO STTXTIS OP WILLIAM DK 8BITVAKB. 



The '-Earl of Ewe." alluded to at p. 130, was Raoul 
the third. Count of Eii and Guisnes, an(J Constahle of 
Fiance, who, with the Couut de Tancarville, had been 
Bent by the French King to take charge of the defence 
of Caen. On the appearance of the English forws 
before that town, the Bourgeois persuaded the two 
Counts, against their better judgment, to lead them 
out to attack the English. At the first sight of the 
British array, and at the sound of their cheers, the 
Bourgeois fled in di-smay, leaving the two Counts at the 
Bridge, who, seeing themselves deserted by their follow- 
ers, at once surrendered themselves prisoners, to save 
themselves from the indiscriminate slaughter which the 
British archers were mercilessly inflicting. The account 
which Froissart gives of the scene is so charmingly 
graphic, that it is impossible to resist the temptation of 
transcribing it It must be observed, however, that 
8orae clironiclers accuse the two Counts of traitorous 
dealings with the English, and of passing over to them 
without fighting. 

" Si trf a tflt quo ces boorgeois de la ville de Caen virent 
approchor ces An^lois qui venoient «n troia hataillee, dras et 
Berrt's, et aper^nrent cos lianni^res et ces pennoas iL grand foison 
vontilcr et baloier (voltiger), et ouirent ces archers ruiro (crier) 
qu'ils n'ftvoient point accoutuoK; de voir ni de sentir, si furcnt 
81 aflrayi'a et df'confits d'eux m^mes, que tons cenx du monde 
no lea euesent mio rol-cnns qu'ils ue se fbsseiit mis k la iiiite : 
si Be rctraiat (retira) chacun vers leup ville sans arroy (nrdrp), 
voulat lu o(inn<^la))le uu non. 

" Adonc put-on voir gens fremir ot (^bnliir, et cette battaille 
ainai rangt^c d(^conftre h, (avec) pea de fail, car cbacuu so pena 
de rontrer en la vilte i snpeti*. LA out grand enchaz (embarrae) 
et mnint homme renvprsfi et jet*! par terre ; et eh^oieut (tom- 
boicnt) h mont I'un snr I'nutre, taut ftoient ils fort enhides 
(i/poHvaiiti's) . Le Conn(:table de France, et le Comto de Tnn- 
carvilli", i-t nucunt cbpvaliers se mircut it une portc siir Pentn^o 
da jwnt i^ ftanvvtx^, car bien vooient (voyoiont) que, pnisque leiirfl 
gens fuyoieut. Ho roennvrer ti'y avoit pmnt ; car ces Anglois jji 



■'PROBATIO .STATI8 OF WTIXIAM DE SEPTVANS. 

etoient entnSs et avalez (descendns) onfcre eux, et les occioient 
(taoient) sans merci, & volont^. Aucuna cbevaliers et ecuyera 
et aiitres gens, qui savoient le chetoin vers le chattel, se tra- 
oient {rendoient) cetto part ; et tons los recueilloit Robert de 
Warignies,^ car le chattel eat durement grand et plentureux. 
Ceux fdrent S aauvet^ qui lil pupent venir. Les Anglois, gens- 
d'armea et archers qui euchassoicnt les fuyante, faieoient grand 
occision ; car ile ne prenotent nulli (peraomie) h. merci. Dont 
il avint que le Conni^table do France et le Comt« de Tancar- 
ville, qui etoient monti^s en cette porte au piod du pont & sau- 
vet^, regardoieut au long et tk mont (en hant) la rue, et v(!oient 
{voyoient) si grand pestillence et tribulation que grand' Hdeur 
(terrenr) ^toit & considcror et imaginer ; si ee douterent (erai- 
gnirent) d'eux memes qa'ils ue clieissent (tombaasent) en ce 
parti et entro mains d'arehers qui point ne les conuussent. 
Ainsi qu'ils regardoient i val (en bas) en grand' donte (crainte) 
ces gens tuer, ils aper^urent un gentil rbevalier Anglois qui 
u'livoit qn'un oeil, que on appeloit messire Thomas Holland, 
et cinq ou six bona chevaliers avec lui ; lequel messire Tlio- 
maa ila aviscrent, car ils s'etoient autrefois vus et com- 
p^n^s (tenua compagnie) I'un I'autre en Grenade et en Prusae 
et en autrea voyages, ainsi que les chevaliers so trouvent. 
Si furent tous MSconfort^s quand ila le virent. Si I'appelcrent 
on passant et lui dirent : ' Messire Thomas, parlez ik noua.' 
Quand !o cheivalier se ouit nominer il s'arrcta tout coi, et de- 
manda, ' Qui fitea vons, aeigneura, qui me connoissez ?' Les 
dessus sei^curs se nommercnt et dirent, ' Nous sonunes tels, 
venez parler il noua en cette poste, et nous prenez priaonniers/ 
Quand le dit mesaire Thomas ouit cette parole, il fut tout joy- 
eox, tant pour ce qu'il les pouvoit aauver, comme pour ce qu'il 
avoit en enx prenant, une belle joum^e, et une belle aventure 
de bona priaonniers pour avoir cent mille moutons.' Si se 

' He was GoTemor nf the Caxtlc. Tho reading in Johnei ia " Bobert 
de Blargny." 

' Pieces of money to called from iheir being stamped with a representa- 
tion of the Holy Lamb. 

Our chronicler afterwtu^e telU uh that the King purehosed the two 
Connto from Sir Thomss Holland for twenty thousand nobles. Holling- 
ehed. however. statcB that the Earl of Tancflrvillc wim taken by " one snr- 
named Logh. uieMtor to Sir Peter Legb now living." and that the King 
recomponaeil him by a grant of a " lordship in the county of Chester, 
called Hnnlcy, which the naid Sir Peter Legh doth now posspus." 



136 "PROBATIO .ETATIS" OF WILLIAM DE SEPTVANS. 

traist (retira) au plutot qu^il put h (avec) toute sa route (troupe) 
cette part, et descendirent lui et seize des siens, et monterent 
h mont en la porte, et trouverent les dessus dits seigneurs et 
bien vingt cinq chevaliers avec eux, qui n'etoient mie bien as- 
seurs (s{irs) de Foccision quails v^oient (voyoient) que on faisoit 
BUT les rues, et se rendirent tons tantot et sans delai au dit 
messire Thomas, qui les prit et fian^a ses prisonniers ; et puis 
mit et laissa de ses gens assez pour les garder, et monta h cbe- 
val et s'en vint sur les rues ; et detouma ce jour h faire cruaute 
et plusieurs horribles faits qui eussent ^te faits, si il ne fiit allc 
au devant, dont il fit aum6ne et gentillesse. 

^^ Avec le dit messire Thomas Holland avoit plusieurs gentils 
chevaliers d^Angleteire qui rescouirent (empecherent) maint 
meschef h. faire, mainte belle bourgeoise et mainte dame de 
cloltre S. violer/' 

(Froissart — Buchon, vol. xi. pp. 314-820.) 

Our Kentish readers vdll readily pardon the length 
of this extract from Froissart, as recording the noble 
and chivalrous bearing of one of our own most distin- 
guished Earls. 

This Sir Thomas Holland was husband of " the fair 
Maid of Kent," Joan Plantagenet, daughter of Edmund 
of Woodstock, Earl of Kent, the sixth son of Edward I. 
In her right (as sister and heir to her brother John 
Plantagenet) our "gentil chevalier" became Earl of 
Kent. He was likewise lord of the manors of Dart- 
ford and Wickham Breaux, and of the hundred of little- 
field, in this county. 

L. B. L. 



DISCOVERY OF FRAGMENTS OF ANCIENT BRIT- 
ISH, ROMANO-BRITISH, AND ROMAN POTlTilRY 
POUND IN A CHALK CA\Ti:RN IN CAMDEN 
PARE, CHISLEHURST, NEAR BROMLEY, KENT. 

BY ROBERT BOOTH LATTER, ESQ. 

On the western edge of the rising groiind. a portion of 
which is tlie wild heath kno\Tii as Chislehurst Common, 
the chalk, overcapped with " I'hanet sands" and gi-<iveUy 
drift, forms an escaqiment, produced by the separation 
of the chalk rock ; the sunken portion of the chalk 
forms the contour of the valley which passes through 
Sundiidge Park, Bromley, towards Lee. Along this 
valley flows occasionally a small stream, gathered from 
the watershed uf the long winding line of declivities 
above. 

The chalk escarpment may be traced at tlie foot of 
the woods of Bickley, Camden Park, and Sundridge 
Pai'k, along the boundaiy line between Bromley and 
Chislehurst foimcd by the stream under the Bickley 
Woods. The horizontal chalk adits, now in many parts 
choked up with sand fallen in fiom above, (and these 
adits extend to great lengths in various directions under- 
ground.) must have been worked for many ages. 

Under Camden Park, it is reported among the chalk- 
workers, that waggons and horses have been led under- 
ground, into horizontal adits and passages. The open- 
ings, however, are now closed uji with sloping banks of 
fallen sand. 



13S FRAGMENTS OF ANCTENT POTTERY 

Under Sundridge Park, lower down the valley, I he 
clmlk lie8 deeper, and is there overlaid by those interest- 
ing "tertiary" conglomerate beds, described by Buckland 
and others, containing the Ostrea Bellovacina, Cyrena, 
Serpulse, etc. ; but here, surface ground has sunk into a 
cavity below. 

Along the watercourse under Camden Park, the 
stream is here and there suddenly lessened in volume, 
and one may obsene the water engulfed on one side 
of the bank or the other, in what are termed, in various 
parts of the kingdom, swallet^ or swallow-holes. 

In Camden Park the excavations in the side apertures 
of the protruding chalk rock, as they nov> appear, are f»f 
recent origin. 

In May, 1857, a labourer was employed in Camden 
Park pit, in cutting chambers in the chalk at right-an- 
gles, and remoiing chalk for Ume-buming ; suddenly his 
pickaxe entered a mass of dark, soft, pulpy, sandy earth. 
On widening the aperture the mass of dark earth ap- 
peared in considerable qiiantity, and the skull of a large 
dog or wolf, with several delicate land shells, rolled with 
the mass at his feet. 

A few gentlemen risited the sjiot, and, assisted by care- 
ful labourers, the earth was removed, and well examined, 
botli in situ and in separation. The first large skull found 
was of delicate texture and much shivered. Tlie parts 
however were afterwards united, and appearances sug- 
gested the possibility of its being the skull of the Ano- 
plotheriura ; competent authorities have, liowever, sug- 
gested that it is that of the extinct Bos longifrons. Un- 
fortunately the teeth were wanting, and the sockets were 
too much fractured for veiy accurate judgment. 

The accidental pickaxe-blow fortunately entered the 
ba»e of the cavity, and this was first explored; the com- 
pact nature of tlie earth above allowed this mode of 
proceeding. At or near the basi- were found great 



IN A CAVE AT CHISLEnmtST. 



numbers of separate teeth, and jaws of large animals of 
the ox and deer tribe, with parts of deer-horn in vaiious 
stages of growth, -with the teeth and jaws of dog or wolf, 
and remnants of early nide British or Romano-British 
pottery, and among these, the skulls of (a])parently) 
hedgehogs, and great numbers of perfect specimens of 
the tender Jffelix nentoralis. This circumstance (the 
tender shell being unitroi'en), and the pulpy sandy state 
of the earth, led to the early conclusion that water, by 
slow degrees, had been the agent exerted in carrying in 
the shells at least, wliich must have floated and gradu- 
ally subsided in the soft pulp, whilst the water became 
drained off by the porous and fissured nature of the 
rock. 

Over these bones and shells, a few feet above the base, 
irregular blocks of chalk (on which might be traced the 
mark of a tool worked by the hand of man), with huge 
flints interspersed with tertiary round pebbles, in mass 
a foot or two in thickness, were Ijing compact, in cone- 
like form, highest in the centre ; and the earth above, as 
well as belmo the arched chalk mass, was striped in cor- 
responding cone-like form, it was obsen'ed, as if a small 
stream of water had slowly and gradually fallen from 
above on the centre, can-ying witli it the debris it met 
with in its passage. Above this layer of chalk and lai-ge 
flint, the perfect shells (yet exhibiting, in some instances, 
striped bands of deUcate colour) again largely appeared, 
with jaw-bones and teeth of ox, deer, dog or wolf, and 
remnants of rude potteiy : most were found around the 
edges. On one side of the ca\itj' was doubled up the 
nearly complete skeleton of a hog, and above it, also in 
a contorted position, doubled up. the skeleton of a small 
horse or ass, the coffin-bones being perfect. 

Openings had been made on each side of the chalk 
canty, and when the earth from below had been removed 
within arm's-reach of the spades and tools employed. 



140 



nUOKEXTB OF ASCIEST POmST 



1 oveiiKad. M 



poles and ^kes were thrust agaiiut the tmi c 
the operators bein^ prr>tected far the cJmlk floon of the 
aditfl, and the earth was allowed tn &U on the floor of 
the cave, wheaee it was remored and miimidy examined. 
Among the earth which fell from abore, esdmO read of 
Ttd Samian ware (eiifieotly almost the brt sobstasce 
that had fellen intn ihe cavit;') was dislodged. 

On the remcmil of the earth, the floor was carpfally 
workt-d over: it disclosed nothing bnt abashndtaped floor 
in the natural chalk rock. The probable "opening" abnre 
has not yet been touched, bat a dark oral ^x>t can be 
seen frfjtn within the cave, at the top tif the circtilar de- 
canter-shaped extaTation. and the imprearion of a lai;ge 
sqiiarc-^aped tool is still obsert'able on the rfaalk sides. 

The height of this circular excavation is seventeen 
feet ei^t inches, (he diameter eleven feet eight inches; 
the tmtoQcbed earth, from the top of the excavatitm 
within, to the sur&ce of the tnrf outside, may be of the 
thicknesH of abont ten feet. 

A few pieces of flint, apparently kntres and anow- 
heads, came to light, bat no hnman bcme. nor tool, nor 
weapon ; nor has any coin yet been met with to fix a 
date. The Samian ware however (potter's mark, VIC) 
wonld lead to the conclnsion that the cave existed prior 
to tlic fifth centor}': it is slightly broken, and apparently 
a salt-cellar. 

The vrif/antf regelable fibre appearing in some of the 
fragments of pottery among the blackened shades of the 
burnt clay, and on other fragments the dull lilack tint, 
suggest that these vessels were burnt in " smother kilns ," 
during the existence of the extensive KomanivBrittsh 
pottery-works in Kent and Northamptonshire: all ap- 
pear to be remnants of articles of domestic use. 

If the date of the formation of the cavern be doubtful. 
Ihe e^en circular form, and the violently applieil tool- 
marks, render it cfrrtain it was the work of man* >Stmt- 



IN A CAVE AT CHISUEHDllST. 

lar excavations have been discovered in various parts of 
(jaul and Britain, Csesar ordered the caves into which 
the Aquitanian Gauls had retreated to be closed up, 
Those mentioned by Camden, discovered near Tilbury 
and near Faversham, may, upon further examination 
of the orifice of this pit, bo identical in fonn, narrow 
towards the top, and broad in expanding circle below, 
contracting towards the base. 

The sinkers of the pit probably had in view the ex- 
traction of " marl" for agricultural purposes, referred to 
by Pliny :— "The Britons used to sink pits one hundred 
feet in depth, narrow at the mouth, but within of great 
compass." And Tacitus refers to these pits as storehouses 
for com, and places of refuge from the enemy. 

The opening towards the top, as has been stated, has 
not yet been touched, but if on examination it shall be 
found that the steining has been dislwiged, it may be 
iiifen-ed that the tool-cut blocks of chalk, and large flints 
found among the bones, were those which had originally 
fo]-mcd the steining of the shaft or approach from above ; 
and if so. the bones of the animals (mminants of the 
woods and fields, animals of prey and of the chase) found 
below OS well as above the fsillen steining, ha\'C belonged 
to pit-fallen animals ; whilst the watershed falling down 
the extensive range of loamy sloping hills, may have car- 
ried in its course any fragments of bone or potterj", land- 
shells or other light substances, into the opening thus 
formed, especially as there is reason to suppose that the 
surface around has been covered >vith wood and wUd ve- 
getation to such an extent as to allow of no forewarning 
of danger. 

Tlic ** swallow" near Camden Park appears to have 
been a boundarj'-mark in a.d. 6G2. mentioned in a Saxon 
Charter of jEthelberht, King of Wessex, to Drjghtwald 
his minister, granting ten carucates of land in Bronileag, 
— "Jianiie fi-am Swelgende, Cregsetna hagu, to sioxhiltre," 



— " then firom the Swallow, the Cray-settler's dwelling, 
to the gibbet-mark." 

The long-used Bickley chalk-pits near, are probably 
those refeiTcd to as "Swellinde Pette," in the Saxon 
chai-ter dated between 1250 and 1274, by which Audreaa 
de Cliiselherst granted to the Bishop of Rochester and 
his snccesaors, eightpence annual rent out of the " Maj> 
lera" at "SweUinde Pette," in "Villa de Chisleherst.' 

The hillside above the valley, now Camden Park, laid 
down in grass, presents, on passing the eye over the for- 
merly ploughed lands, several surface uTegularities and 
slight hollows, denoting some former disturbance of the 
surface. 

It is reported that some years since, the earth on thei 
opposite side of the valley fell into a canity below ; and 
lately, in Sundridge Park, a similar fall took place, but 
the cavity was at once filled up without examination. 
Similar earthfalls have been observed at Paul's Ci*ay and 
Cudham. Within a few feet however of the lately ex- 
plored cavern, the side of one of the adits, some distance 
apart from the other, has slightly given way, and has 
disclosed similar black earth, in an apparently similar 
cavity, and this unexplored cavern remains untouched, 
awaiting futui'e operations. 

Although no trace of the existence of a Roman build- 
ing in Camden Park as yet appears, except the remnants 
of early fictile ware thus found on the spot, it is un- 
doubted that Roman gentrj-, during the four centimes 
of the Roman occupation of Britain, had residences not 
far distant, and, in the language of antiquarians, " here- 
about." 

' " Chisleburst-man's dwelling,"— ^orjan. 



I 




ST. MILDRED'S. CANTERBURY. 

BY R. iruSSEY, ESQ., F.S.A. 

It U not tmcommon to find fragments of Roman work 
in the walls of medieval buildings which occupy or are 
adjacent to lioman sites, and these remains are some- 
times the only e^^dence of the earlier settlement,' as at 
Eynesford Castle, in this county. 'l"hey usually consist of 
tUes or thin biicks, generally more or less broken, and 
sometimes of pieces of hai'd concrete or mortar built in 
at random with the ordinarj' materials of the walls ;" but 

' Some small lumps of concrete whidi were found in the wsUb of the 
ohuToh ftt FrittcndcD, in tliis county, during the ropairs in 1846, were, 
until recently, the only eigtie of Roman occupation in that neighbour- 
hood; hut ia the course of la«t year two sepuli-hrul urns wero dug up 
vitltia about a niilo of tlio ihurili, 

a well known that Bomou mortar and concrete may very frequently 



144 m. muMED'ft, cAnzanr. 



wbrn ihe tilM an ahviidanl ^mj ne leJ, opecialfy 

• wbrre iU«e u KORe, for qnooMaad for nfin- 
( onr openiii^ OocMonaD; lea mde aad 
MiiMfpiMeant remnsotJi of Romaa worii ur met with in 
iaUrr t^tf^Uftu, but tbi7 Kldom aaonnt to mure- tfaaa a 
dsw nnnarM Btoucn; the«e MhouM always be carrfiiUy 
I «Amim-(l, Ui mv wlurtlier tbey retain any original fea- 
Iturfr* //f tnt<_Tf«t. and their grologjcal character should 
""be uotmtl, cuiK'cially if tlw-y ore not the produce of the 

Thf ('h(ir<rh n( St, Mildrrd, at Canterbur}'. has many 
fra((i(iiiit«t of Itttmati tilca buUt into the walls among the 
flititJi; and it is my finn. belief tliat most of the stones 
ftf Uie two r(Uoinii of the south wall of the nare, have 
iilwj )h-4>[i takfti fnim a Roman Wilding : the majorit)' 
(»f thi-ni an- i;f larxf-r wze than are usually found in 
iiKvlii'viil work, cfiiM-inally tif a date so early as this wall ; 
niid five of thniif in the weRtern quoin, and six in the 
eimtern, firo of cxdite, a iimt(trial >ery rarely found in this 



b« rliii(liif(ui»liiMl bj t.tin iritiicM of (h(i poiiiidcil tilM tud jiottvty witli 
wlildli It i* miuW, iliiUioJ or ■nii'l unit grBvi^l. Tbo aanKi toHtcriftls may 
|icrlin|>*. •HTDdinially, uiil lo a tlijiht cit4>nt, liavr brvii iispil in nirUieval 
lf<illiliii|i*i Iml. xltli tliP nii^iitinn orioDio vyry l4t# norka bI CultliMtcr. 
ii'i )]H'i'liiii'n wlili'h iMuli] be mlilnki-D fur Boiuon hu cm romc uiiilormf 
iilwi'rvniiitii. Mr, IliiiUiin Tiimff, in tlii> iiitrodurtion t« liis ' Doiiioiitio 
Awlillrri(.nrti 111 Kiijiliimi' (p, xxvi,), ilwiTcJii* tbo iJvu ihat liiia pci-ulinrily 
iti fiiiTliLi' 1* It I'lirlAiu (■v)ik<iii<u or Itoiunii ilal'i i nud )u> ^nve* a tniuslaW 
tnlriu't. (V.im nii Bi'imiiit of Ihii ropniw of N(fW(t'''te in 1282, In pruuf that 
IHiiiiiili'il litf WM iwfil lit mortar Rt llml timiv Diil bin quuUtiun ta innun- 
I'liiaiiK I tbo driiruiuviil to wUii'b be r('fi<n in [irobablj wnttirn )q Latin, 
witli I'xritnu'Uuoa, (Unl it mny \io that ihn ttn>k(Mi tili'i nbiub lu> luw aitp- 
\MH<A in Iw for niflkiiiit mortar, wi-n- proviik-d jiro cement., that in, " pro 
i'i>mtirilnrll>." fur ibn tunain». iir nolb^ni. and wrm inlciidod toboiut.>d for 
w.iiii- ctlicr inirpiifp. iicrliap* tii hv laid iiudcr (.onu- of Iha Ibiniwr stonM, 
wbi'r« rvijuiml U> brlii^i Ibi'in up ix tlio )juucnil Icvrl of tlir ronraos, aa 
UAH IViiim-iitlj ibmi' iu mpdii'val pm'tioiiii. Tili-n. mtmlly bruke n. wero 

■ I iH.l •■! in im-.iifVfil tiimw for Uii' Imi-ka uf lin-pWra. oud wore 

l.i il ii> Uf ii.v 11 burly fit I'Jf Horli* rxiMHod to llic ac litui t'f lliv. 
^ I ,..,1., - ttb<inial> la itolii rnilouro for opinioni iHweil uBani'imtdui-u- 
ui.'i.lBi. mn-l '"' r.Ttli il" .l.i.i.iii.'i.i* fiillv nrid i<< tbi'ir oriipna) liUifpini;F. 



yin I 
Bet- 1 



ST. MltDHED S, CANTERBDHy. 



145 



district, in buildings contemporary with this church.* 
The lowest and largest stone in the westeiTi quoin is 
about 4 feet, by 2 feet 9 inches, by 1 foot 5 inches, and 
there are indentations upon it which show that it has 
been used lor some other purpose. There is also, on 
one side, what appears to be a hole for a lewis^ (now 
stopped with cement), which, if it is so, implies that it once 
occupied a higher position in au earlier building. Each 
of these quoins contains one stone taken from a large 
arch; that in the western is 1 foot 11 inches long, 
1 foot 3 inches wide at the upper or broadest end, and, 
to speak technically, 1 foot 8 inches deep in the bed; 
the other, in the eastern quoin, is broken, and I could 
not reach to measure it, but it seems to be of corre- 
sponding dimensions, I have not been into the chni'ch, 
and do not know whether the interior presents any 
characteristics to determine the date of the soiith wall. 
Externally the original featm*es have been obliterated 
by subsequent alterations, but the consti-uction shows 
that it is not later than the Early English period, and 
it probably may be older. It is very unlikely that at 
that time snch stones as these could have been taken 
from any but a Konian building, I am too ignortuit 
of geology to be able to say from whence these pieces 
of ooUte have been brought, but it may be hoped that 
some one better informed will determine their native 
district The Romans certainly carried oolite into this 
part of the countrj' for building purposes, for fragments 

' A etone of r&ther coaree texture, but rery durable quality, of the oolite 
kind, dii)^ on the baults of the Ome, below Caen, wa* imported into this 
iroiiutiy during the prevalence of the Normttn and £arly EngliBh styles, 
and puuibly later* but this appears to bo rery diifereDt from Ilie stonea 
under conaideration, and I biiTe neror met with it in picecs of any great 
sixe, ejeept perhaps oceasionaliy a gravestoDe. Ii not the stone in the 
Martyrdom, in the eatliedra! at Canterbury, on which Bet^Vet is aaid to 
have fallen, of this kind ? 

' The leiril ia Raid to Lave been oaed in medieval times. I do not 
reuiember ever to hare met ivitli any indieation of ita employnicul. 
VOL. I. L 



146 ST. MHiDRKD'S, oantebbuby. 

of it were found at the villa at Hartlip, when re-opened 
a few years ago ; it is also met with at the villa at Big- 
nor in Sussex ; and a block of it lies within-,the walls 
of Eichborough Castle, which was probably taken there 
by the Romans. The late Dr. Buckland, on a slight 
examination of a piece which he broke off this last- 
mentioned specimen, said he believed it came from the 
neighbourhood of Weymouth. 



• / 



• 



QUEEN ELIZABETH WOODVILLB. 

PROII n. M, STATE PAPER OFFICE. 

Thu facsimile of a document presented among the Public 
Kecords, will be interesting to all Kentish men, to say 
nothing of the ladies of that county. It relates to one 
of the two women of Kent who had the honour- to bo- 
come Queens of England ; being the receipt of Eliza- 
beth, the widow of King Edward IV., for the sum of 
£30, the arrears of her half-year's pension. 

The connexion of this illustrious lady with the county 
of Kent, through her father. Sir Richard WoodviUe, is 
too well known to need recapitulation ; but her coui-t- 
ship and marriage mth the King are so quaintly de- 
scribed in " The Union of the Two Noble and lllustre 
Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke," as to excuse the in- 
troduction here of an extract from that old Clu-oniclc. — 

" The King being on himtyng in the forest of Wychwood 
besyde Stonnystratforde, camo for his reci-eacion to the man- 
nor of Grafton, where tlie duches of Beflford soiomed, then 
wyfe to syr Richard Woduile, Lord Ryuers, on whom then was 
atteiidjTig a dougliter of Lera, called dame Elizabeth Greye, 
wydow of syr Jhou Grey, Knight, slayn at the last battel! of 
suincte AJbon's, by the power of Kyng Edward. This wydow 
hauyng a suit to y' Kyng, either to be restored by hyra to some 
thyng token from her, or requyring hym, of pitie, to have some 
augmentacion to her liuyng, founde such grace in the Kj-ngea 
eyes, that ho not Tinely fanored her snyte, bnt muche more 
phantasiod her person, for she was a woman more of formal 
countennnnoe, then of excellent beautie, bnt yet of such beautie 
& fauor, that with her sober demeonure, louely lokyng, and 



148 



tJfEEN ELIZABETU WOODVILLE. 



femynyne smylyng (neither to wanton nor to homble) besyde 
Ler toungae bo <>loqueQt, and her wit so pregn&nt, shv wag aide 
to rauishe tho mj'nde of a meane person, when aho &Uar4>d and 
niado subject to her y" hart of bo great a King, After that 
Kyng Edward had well considered all tho linyainentes of her 
body, and the vise and womanly demeanarc that he saw in ht-r, 
he determined first to attempt, if he might pronoke her to be 
hia sotiereigne lady, promisyng her many gyfies and faj-re re- 
wardes, affirmjiig farther, y' if she therunto eondisc^nd, she 
might so fortune of liis poramour and concubyne, to be chaunged 
to his wyfe and lawfull bedfelow ; which dcmannde she so 
wisely, and with so conert speache aunewered and repugned, 
affirmynge that as she was for his honor farre nnable to be hys 
spoDse and bedfelow ; bo for her awne poore honeHtie, she was 
to good to be either hys concnbyne, or souereigne lady : that 
where he was a httell before heated with the darte of Cnpido, 
he was nowe set all on a bote bnmyiig fyrc, what for the con- 
fidence that he had in her per^-te constancy, and the trust that 
he had in her constant chaatitie, & without any farthfr delibe- 
racion, he determined with him selfe clerely to marye with her, 
after that askyng counsaill of them, whiche ho kncwe neither 
wonldo nor onco durst impugne hia concluded purpose. 

" But the duches of Yorke hys mother letted it as much as 
in her layj alledgyng a precontract made by hym with the lady 
Lucye, and diverse other lettea : all which doabt«s were re- 
Bolued, and all thinges made clere, and all cauillaciona auoycd, 
And so, priuilio in a momyng he maned her at Grafton, where 
he first phantasied her visage," 

It is not our intention to trace the fortunes and mis- 
fortunes of tliis illustrious lady ; it will be sufficient, for 
the puqjose of this notice, to draw attention to the docu- 
ment before us. In addition to its interest for the inha- 
bituntj) of Kent, it is a record of great historical import- 
unce (now for the first time brought forward), because 
it proves that lier son-in-law, Kiuf^ Henry Vll., has been 
misrepresented and unjustly blamed for his treatment of 
this Queen ; it being alleged that lie seized all her lands 
and poKHeBsions, and confined her in the Abbcv of Bor- 
mnndscy. in Soulliwark. Mliere she shortly after dii-d. 



:4" 



\^ S«^ 










f^-^riT. 



NS~1 









■^-. 



T^ 



n 
4' 






QUEEN ELIZABETH WOODVILLK. 



U9 



Now this receipt, in conjunction with the Letters 
Patent, dated 19th February, 5 Hen. ^'II., proves that 
(suppoeing even the King had seized her possessions, of 
which, however, there is no proof on record), Henry 
VII. granted her an annuity of £400 for life, equal to 
at least £4000 a year of the present money. 

In addition to this document, two others, bearing the 
signature of the Queen, are extant in the Public Record 
Office : one, a letter in Latin, addressed to her husband. 
King Edward FV. ; the other, addressed to Sir William 
Stoiier, and dated from her manor of Greenwich, in 
Kent, is here given as a specimen of a royal letter of 
that period.^ 

'• Sy the Q>u-nc. 

" Trusty and welbeloved. Wo grete you wel. And where aa 
wo undcrstaud, bj report made unto us at this tyme, that ye 
have taken upon yow now of late to make maiatries withyime 
our Forest and Chace of Bamewod and Exsille, and there, in 
contempt of ub, uncourteisly to hunt and slee our Deer withynne 
the same, to our grete mcrvaille and displeasir, We wol ye 
wite that we entend to sew suche remedy therynne as shall ac- 
corde with my Lordos lawes. And where as we ft-rthermoro 
understand that ye purpose, under coIo' of my Lordes Commys- 
sionne in that behalf graunted unto you, as ye sey hastly to take 
the vieu aud reulo of our game of Dere withynne our said Fo- 
rest and Chace, We wol that yo shew unto us or our Counselle, 
yo* said Commiseionne, if any suche ye have. And in the mean 
season that ye spare of huntyng withynne our said Forest or 
Chace, as ye wol answore at your periUe. Yeven under our 
si^et, at our Maner of Grenewiche, the first Day of August. 
" (Signed) Eltsabeth. 

"AddreMeil : To our trusty and welbeloved Sir William 
Stoner, Knight." 



150 



PAVERSHAM CHURCH, KENT. 

BY THOMAS WUXEMENT, ESQ., F.S.A. 

Lv the year 1851, during some alterations in this church, 
part of the walls, towards the eastern end of the aisles, 
was then cleared of many repeated coats of white- 
wash, and the removal of these brought into view con- 
siderable remains of wall-painting ; they were generally 
in detached portions, but showing that the whole of the 
walls had been foimerly thus decorated throughout.' 

The most perfect remains are shown on the dmwings 
which accompany this paper, and were all found on the 
north side of the south wall of the north aisle of the 
chancel, touching the east end. Commencing fiom the 
east wall, on a pier, is the kneeling figure of a Judge 
looking towards the spot where formerly stood the altar 
of St. Thomas-a-Becket ; he is clothed in a long scailet 
robe, lined with minever, having on his head the white 
" coyf," tied beneath his chin. In his uplifted hands he 
holds a scroll, on which is an inscription in uncial letters, 
arranged in two lines ; the words of this inscription will 
be referred to hereafter. He is represented as mthin a 
niche, above which arises a rich and lofty taberoacle ; 



' There aro Bomo remains of paiutlng at the east enJ of this oibIc, bat 

thMC have bceu nearly effacud by the subsequent introcluctioii of a pcr- 

pendjrulor window. Oa au oclAgonal eolumn in Uio norllt transept, Ibcro 

g yel remaina, iu a lulerably perfect Btalc, a aerica of aubjacU illuatrativo of 

* e life of tke Virgin ; they are well drawn, on alternate grotuula of blue 



FAVER8HAM CHURCH, KENT. 



131 



the background being diapered with a faint scroll, bear- 
ing red cinqnefoils. 

From this pier opens a large pointed arch into the 
chancel, and on the dexter spandril of this arch stands 
painted the whole-length figure of a king, royally vested 
and crowned, holding in his left hand a sceptre, his right 
hand and arm being extended towards an opposite figure 
of a pilgrim.' 

The figure of the pilgrim,* on the sinister spandril of 
the arch, is of smaller dimensions than that of the king. 
He is bearded; his arms and legs uncovered, but his 
body clothed in a garment formed of sheepskins, the 
tufts of wool being shown upon it. He carries in his 
left hand, or is, rather, supported by his palmer's stafi" or 
bourdon, to which is attached, by a strap, a branch of 
the Holy Palm, His head-covering, a large hat, hangs, 
by a cord passing across his chest, at his back. His 
scrip is towards the front of his figure, strapped toge- 
ther, and the straps passing over his shoulders. His 
right hand and arm are extended to their lull length, 
towards the opposite figure of the king, either in invo- 
cation or to receive the gift that the monai'ch might 
have held towards him. This figure appears to be 
climbing over rough and difficult ground, while the 
king stands on a solid base, which may be supposed to 
represent the platfoim of his throne. 

The general background of these two figures is divided 
by double red lines into regular courses and blocks, and 
in the centre of each block is painted a red flower of 
five leaves, the centres pierced. Above the whole, a 
little below the oak ceiling of the aisle, is painted, on a 
red ground, a bold and flowing branch of flg-tree and its 



' TTnfortunatcly. a defect of the wall, repaired by modem plaBtoring, 
prevents our knowing whether tLia hand towards the pilgrim did not hold 
some gift ; perhnpe a erown. tlio " poli SEttTCM " alluded to in the ecroU. 

' This tignre of the pilgrim wm not discorered until 1857. 



152 



FAVEHSnAM CHURCH, KENT. 



leaves, generally in a perfect state, and forming a grace- 
fiil termination to the painting on the wall. 

To return to the inscription on the scroll held by the 
kneeling figure of the Judge. Although even at its first 
discoveiy it was not perfectly clear, and that at the latter 
end of both lines some letters were obliterated, it ap- 
pears to have been thus : 

ij" . FERRE : POLI : SEKTVM : FAC : HEX : EDMVNDE : RflBEHTVM : ' 
DOD ; FAVERSHAMIE : QVEM : REGE : THOSLV : FIE :' 

and may be interpreted thus : " O King Edmund, cause 
Robert Dod, of Favershara, to bear the crown of Hea- 
ven, whom, O pious Thomas, do thou guide." 

Tlie exact meaning of this inscription, and the cause 
of such an invocation in favoui- of Robert Dod, appears 
at present extremely doubtful. Robert Dod himself is 
not to be found in the list of those who were judges, 
iior was he even a mayor of Faversham, as the records 
of that borough evidence. Whom then does the kneel- 
ing figure represent 1 The daughter and heiress of 
Robert Dod,^ of Faversham, was married to Richard de 
Faversham, whose father, Thomas de Faversham, was a 
judge, and Lord of Graveney, It is a mere supposi- 
tion, but this Robert Dod might, by some act or grant, 
have benefited those pilgrims who, on their way to the 
great shrine of St. Thomas at Canterbury, halted at Fa- 
versham, to pay their devotions at the altar dedicated 
to him in the chui'ch of Faversham, close to which 
this memorial of their benefactor was placed ; or that 
he had himself performed some more than ordinary pil- 

' The last letter, supposed to have been m, itm not visible. 

' The five lost Ictten, lu : Pin, hsTe beeu supplied to complete tlie pen- 
turn ptcr. 

' The family of Dod, apelt TariouBly, is frequently (QentioueJ in thn 
histories of Kent. A moDumeDt and its iiiacriplion is still reraaiiiin)> jti 
Graveney chureli, to the memory of this Hubert Dod, there called Uodde, 
Hiid to his ■oo-tn-lan' Richard de Faversham. 







\ 



f 



.."^ - 



•01 



.3r •> 



Mi>r 






ihlP^ 



FAVERSHAM CHUBCH, KENT. 



153 



grimage himself; and that the kneeling figure of the 
judge represented his relative Thomas de Faversham,' 
who had survived him, and addresses this invocation to 
the peculiar saints worshipped in this Chapel,* in token 
of Robert Dod's good works. The style of the ai'chi- 
tectni-al canopy is c\'idently of the fourteenth century, 
and coeval with these persons. 

' Weeror tcl!a us that in liis time tlicro remained, in one of tho win- 
dows of Graveney church, the anna of Favershain, nnderwrittcn " Tho . . . 
pBTerBhnm Justifinr. et Johns ux. ej." 

' Tliat part of the chureh where the painting remains, is known to hare 
ooatained the chapel of St. Thomas -ii-Becket. In on inventory of goods 
&nd omamcntB of tlie pariah church of FnverBhani, 4 Hen. VITI., it is 
stated that " In Saynl Thomas Cliapelle " there were " Iniprimia a Chcge- 
byli of purple damask, with (he apparell for the Preest. Item, a clothe of 
arru with gold, for Saynt Thomas's auter, of the same. Item, two greenc 
cortayna o£ saraenett, for the same awtcr, fringed at the enda. It«m, a 
rtejued clothe, with a pictor of Sajnt Thomas." 

The connection of St. Thomas and St, Edmund in tliie chnpel, is shown 
by a bequest of Hobert Fale, of Faversham, in 1529, viz. "To tho light of 
Bt. Edmund in S. Thomas chapel, one Cowe." 



\H 



OBSERVATIONS ON THE SUPPOSED SITE OP 
ANCIENT ROMAN MAIDSTONE. 

BY BEALE FOSTE. 



Many who rcud these pages will be doubtlcas aware that 
in fixin{5 u determinate site for the Koman military sta- 
tion VagiiiaciC, I am assuming to do that which has 
never been attempted to be done by the old antiquaries, 
HH (''amden, (iale. Burton, Leland, or Lambarde ; or by 
the modeniH, as Gibson, Gough. Reynolds, I[aste<l, 
Thnqie, or Hatcher, or even been supposed by Newton 
himself, the learned historian of the place. This im- 
doiibtedly is bo ; for though a fair proportion of those 
eminent persons in the antiquarian department of lite- 
rature may have thought generally that the Koman sta- 
tion was at Maidstone, yet none of them have advanced 
sn far as to point (mt in what quarter of the present 
tomi the precise 8i)ot was situated. I must proceed 
therefore with some degree of caution on this hitherto 
untrodden gi-ound: and as my reasoning on the subject 
Trill be purely inductive, it will be the most convenient 
way for me to arrange wliat I sliall say under distinct 
heads or paragra])lis, which I shall acconUngly do as 
follows :^ 

I. First, 1 must duly notify that tlie fact of its being 
in or about Maidstont* at all, is derived from the ' Iti- 
nerary of Antoninus.' that ancient ' (iuide des Voya- 
genrs," or ' Handbook for 'rravellers,' in the time of the 
, Romans. It is said in it, that from Vagnincip to I>iim- 



ROMAN MATOSTONE. 



brivae, or Rochester, is nine miles, that is. about eight 
Englisli ones ; and I conclude, in unison with Tarious 
authorities on this behalf, that from the general bearing 
and direction of the places mentioned in the ' Itinerary,' 
there is verj' sufficient reason for supposing that the an- 
cient VagniacEE was either in this town or in its vici- 
nity. This point, however, I must assume, as the discus- 
sion of it woidd take me away from my present pui- 
pose, and might besides run into some length, both of 
which things are xmdesirable. Assuming this then, as I 
have said, I observe that the Roman road coming from 
Londim by Keston (NoA-iomag:us), Oldbmy Camp, and 
Wrotham Heath, crossed the river Mcdway near Maid- 
stone, about half a mile below the present town, and 
rather more than a quarter of a mile below the baiTacks. 
2. The part of the river where it crosses is called 
" Radford," which name shows that some thoroughfare 
of importance formerly existed at this said passage of 
the river ; for Radford is Road-ford. The name of the 
reach of the river across which the ancient transit was 
made, indicates the same thing. In the Corporation 
Books of Maidstone, of the date of Queen Elizabeth, it 
is called " the Throt Reach ;" in relation to which we 
may observe that there is no naiTowness of the river at 
this point to make us suppose " Throat Reach," in the 
sense of a nan-ow passage of its channel, was meant. So 
this appellatitm seems to be the same as the Anglo- 
Saxon trod, a path or track, and to denote the reach 
where the crossing was; which it is very natural to sup- 
pose had become in their times of less importance. The 
reach of the ri^"er at this part still retains its Elizabethan 
name : and a wharf on the east side of the river, at the 
jMJint of crossuig. belonging to the Earl of Aylesford, is 
known by the designation of the " Ulirott ^Vharf " It 
is certain that the river at Rtulfortl is not now a ford, 
being deep water; but as it was anciently named a fonl. 



156 



ROSIAN JJAIDSrOSE. 



we may disregard this, and conclade that it has been 
eitlier deepened by art, under the Lower Medway Naxi- 
gation Act, or that the bottom of the river at this part 
may have been acted upon by the current There is 
thus a good and fair argument that the name of tlic 
" Boad-Reach " was given to a partictdar part of the 
Medway by way of distinction, to show where the once 
important Roman military road passed this river. 

3. It perhaps should be mentioned, in reference to the 
Roman road coming from "VVrotham Heath to Radford, 
that a quarter of a mile before it reaches the river, it 
passes the foundations of an apparently extensive Roman 
villa, which was placed on a species of terrace to the 
right. These foundations are in a cherrj'-orchard, oo 
the farm of Little Buckland, the propertj- of Mrs. Sea- 
brook, llie neighbouring cottagers report that they 
formed a great obstruction when the orchard was planted, 
— now about twenty-three yeare since. Roman coins 
are stated to be found in the vicinity. It may also be 
noted, that about three-quarters of a mile north-by-vpcst 
from the ancient Radford ford, towaids Allington, 
foundations of another Roman nlla were removed in 
1844 (see the 'Journal of the British Archseological 
Association,' for 1847, vol. il p. 88). To continue how- 
ever with the road on the north side of the river. 

4. When the road has crossed at Radford, it ascends 
the gradually rising ground for three or four hundred 
yards, and ha\ing reached a species of plateau, or level, 
it joins nearly at rightrangles the ancient Roman road, 
proceeding in one direction to Rochester (the Durobrivie 
of Roman times), and in the contrar)' direction commu- 
nicating with the Weald of Kent. The said Durobrivse, 
it may here be remarked, was also a Roman station, and 
one of the more impoiiant class. 

5. I venture to place Vagnincae at the jvinction of the 
two roads of which 1 have just spoken. I cannot a-i-iign 



I 



ROMAN MAIDSTONE. 

its precise dimenaions, but were it entrenched, we may 
suppose, for the sake of entertaining a definite idea on 
the svihject, that it comprised some three or four acres. 
However, were it a Roman station of the smaller kind, — 
one of those which were styled not bo much a " sta- 
tio," as a " mutatio," or " mansio," — it need not in that 
case have been necessarily entrenched ; nevertheless the 
gi-eater probability is that it was : but be this as it may, 
and considering the Roman station as the head-quarters, 
I conclude that the Roman town or settlement connected 
with it lay still further to the right, — that is, to the 
south-east,— and extended along the somewhat high 
ridge, parallel with the river, towards the present town, 
to the distance of more than a quarter of a mile in that 
direction. 

0. 'ITiere are no reliable appearances of embankments 
at the spot now assigned for the station, though there 
are certainly some inequalities of the ground behind 
the dwelling-house, the projierty of Dr. Lowdell, M.D., 
Wliich at present forms the last bmlding in Maidstone 
parish in this direction, .-ill confidence, however, in 
any, supjiosed configuration of the surface, is lust, fi'om 
tlie following cause. 

7. The ridge I have spoken of, extending parallel 
^xith the river, has every appeai-ance of having been tlie 
«[iot from which stone was procured, in the Middle Ages, 
for the public buildings iu Maidstone, and as having 
formed the supply whence St, Faith's church, that of 
All Saints, as also the building of the Fraternity of 
Corjjus Christi, the palace, Newark, the bridge, and, it 
might be, other buildings, were constmcted. Excava- 
tions and hollows, made formerly for quajrjing purposes, 
meet the eye in everj- direction. The ai-chbishops had 
evidently chosen the other end of Maidstone for embel- 
lishment, aud seem to have found their materials here ; 
and with the disturbing Ihe surface and ransiuking the 



158 ROHAlf MAIDSrOKE. 

earth for its etony treasureB, the traces of Roman build- 
ings would of course vanish, and render the ate of the 
ancient town impossible to be identified. As far as we 
know, all traces of Roman occupation must have been 
removed anterior to the time of Leland and Camden, 
and much more of course before the date of Newton 
the historian of the place, and the later antiquaries. 
\Ve have record evidence, the best perhaps that can be 
adduced, that the quarries at this spot were in full ac* 
tirity in the fifth year of Henry V. (1418). In that 
year the following entry occurs in Rymers ' Fcedera,' as 
quoted by Braylcy in his 'Delineations of Kent,' p. 1278, 
being an order from the Crown for stone cannon-ballB, 
addressed to John Louth and John Bennet, masons at 
Maidstone: — "Septem millia lapidum pro gunnis de di- 
versis sortibus, imk cum sufficienti stuffur& lapidum pro 
eisdem, tam infra quarreras de !Madeslon hithc, quam 
alibi." That is, " Seven thousand stones for canuou of 
different kinds, and a sufficient supply of stones for them 
in the quarries at Maidstone Hjihe, as well as elsewhere," 
Hythe Street, in Maidstone, was the ancient name of 
that part of the town, on the cast bank of the river, 
which is now called " Water-side." To this the said 
quarries would be contiguous, and hence all this large 
tract of excavations, to which the remo^-al of ancient 
foundations and remains is attributable, appears to have 
received its name. 

8. There being thus no foundations or other remains 
to which we might refer, our research must be continued 
from collateral indications. Proceeding then by this 
path, it may be obsened that we have a considerable 
tract of land in this very angle and portion of Maid- 
stone pariah, designated in ancient deeds as " Penyfield." 
'ITiis is mentioned in the Crown Leases in the Augmen- 
tation Office (see Hasted's ' History of Kent," vol ii. 
]>. HJO. and compare also the 'Ministers*' Accounts' for 



I 

I 



HOMAN HAroaroNE, 159 

1643, as in Ellis's ■ Dugdale'a Monasticon,' vol. v. p. 462). 
It is stated, in the Crown Leases referred to by Hasted, 
aa comprising forty acres, but there is little doubt that, 
according to the customary difference in these old mea- 
surements, it contained above sLxty ; and, in short, it is 
believetl that a great part of the whole north-western 
angle of this part of the parish abutting to Boxley, 
north-east of the Kochester road, was in it ; and possibly 
it might have extended to the south-west of the same. 
In any case, it lay contiguous to our station of Vagoiacffi. 
Now in Kent, as indeed in other parts of the kingdom, 
Penyfield is identical with Buryfield, and means a place 
where is, or has been, an old fortification. Thus, among 
numerous other instances, there is an ancient earthwork 
in Perry-wood, in the parish of Selling, near Faversham, 
and it seems to be understood as a matter of course that 
our Perryfield should more pn)perly be Buryheld, from 
the Anglo-Saxon ftffriff, an entrenched place, and that it 
implies the vicinity of a fortification. But what forti- 
fication 1 None was ever kno%vn to exist in that quai- 
ter of the parish ; and what other explanation of-the feet 
can there be, except that the appellation arose from our 
lost Roman fortified station, described in our former 
page as situated at the junction of the three roads, and 
which we may believe to have yielded to the vigorous 
quarrying efforts made by the archbishops for the em- 
bellishment of the toivn in the Middle Ages X 

9. Having thus sho'wn the probable spot of the Ro- 
man station Vagniacte, I now proceed to offer an observa- 
tion or two on the supposed site of such town or ullage 
as the Romans may be thought to have had at ancient 
Maidstone. I place this, the reader will recollect, toge- 
ther with the station, on the ridge before mentioned, but 
extending towards the present to\vn to the south-east, 
and in fact abutting on the Government property now 
occupied Jis barracks hi that direction. The whole space 



160 



B03IAK MAIDSTOHE. 




thus assigned to the station and to the first rudiments of 
the town, taking the present high-road to Rochestpr for 
a boundarj' on one side, and the river for a boundai^ to 
the other, includes an area of ground averaging about 
616 yards in length, by 264 in breadth, and comprising 
in superficial measure, according to Mr. Bi-omi's Sur- 
vey of the Parish, in 1822, 34a. Or. Bbp. ; the whole of 
which, except Dr. Lowdell's house, garden, and field, is 
the property of Messrs. Balston, and is called the fipring- 
field Estate and Paper-mill, and on it stands the hand- 
some mansion of the proprietors. Here then apparently 
was the original Roman settlement, wliich there is no 
reason to suppose was one wliich was formed on a laige 
scale, but only to have been sufficient for the casual 
contingencies of ancient travelling and of the transit of 
troops. No one, indeed, entertains the opinion, however 
flourishing the place may now be, that there was ever a 
Roman town of magnitude here. We freely admit that 
there was some germ in existence then, some nucleus of 
the future tovra, which has since been so much deve- 
loped; and this forms a commencmg-point for the por- 
tion of our subject now under consideration. It seems 
therefore much comiected with our present inquiries, to 
show the progressive increase of the town and borough, 
from its small beginning at the original Roman " sta- 
tion," until it attained its present dimensions. lu doing 
this, it must be understood that the archbishops, who 
were lords of the soil and had the chief sway and domi- 
nation here from Saxon times, were the prime movers 
in all improvements in the place, down to the beginning 
of the fifteenth century; and having premised this, my 
ensuing remarks, or a portion of them, will ha^c Borae- 
what of a chronological scope in tracing these matters 
downwards. 

10. The ancient local divisions of the parish which 
are still rctainc<l, have a beaiing on the pr(jgre88i\'e iu- 



ROMAN MArDSTON>:. 



161 



[incase of the town through various ages. These di\i- 
tdons arc called " boroughs," and. if we understand 
lightly, arc as old as the time of Alfred ; having been 
connected, as we may conclude, with hia distributing ^■a- 
rious districts into communities, the members of which 
entered into a pledge among themselves to keep the 
peace, and to prevent the laws from being broken ; and, 
indeed, hence the legal manorial form, styled " View of 
Frankpledge," wiiich is still obseiTcd, is derived. The 
four of these ancient divisions into which the parish of 
Maidstone is apportioned, are as follows, viz. the borough 
of Wyke, the borough of Maidstone, the borough of 
Stone, and the borough of Westree. It is singular in 
these, that we have the borough of Wyke mentioned as 
distinct from the borough of Maidstone. However, the 
earliest reference to them I can find is in the Manor 
Book of Maidstone parish for the years 1510 and 1511, 
No. 1025, in the Lambeth Library; in the latter of 
which years we have Wyke, Maidstone, and Stone men- 
tioned, but from some cause Westree is omitted, which 
is not material. We have then this fact, that this part 
of the parish was in Alfred's time called the " Wyke," 
to obtain wliich name there must have been an ancient 
" ■vicUH," that is, village or town, of the Romans at the 
spot ; for it is not to be believed that the Saxons ever 
gave the name, except in reference to the Latm teim 
inais, before existing at the place, 

11. The name of the street, "Week Street," extend- 
ing from this quarter (I mean, from the assigned spot of 
the station), nearly a mile to the south-east, is also in 
point. This street, in its course to the south-east, gave 
name to the Manor of Wyke, which is somewhat re- 
ifnote from the supposed site of our Roman station ; and 
if the said Manor Rental of I.tII, to which 1 have just 
iireferred, be understood rightly, was not in the borough 
pf Wyke ; as will be further shown presently. In tlie 



162 



ROMAN HAIDSTONi:. 



meantime it may be observed that there is a similar 
case in another of the minor manors of Maidstone, that 
of the "Manor of East Lane," which takes its name 
fi-ora the street in wliich it happens to he situated. The 
fact of this Manor of Wyke not being in the Borough 
of Wyke is so far material, as it does not interfere with 
the location which has been here otherwise assigiKnl to 
the Roman "station" and " ^dcus," or first settlement. 
at Maidstone ; and here therefore is a point much con- 
nected with our subject. As to what is known of it : 
it was, then, a manorial estate in Maidstone parish, held 
under the archbishops as a portion of the principal 
manor which they possessed in the place. A somewhat 
high and sti-ongly-built wall still remaining in Union 
Street, in the lower part of it, and near where it makes 
its junction with Week Street, is believed to have been 
the gai-den-wall of the manor-house. It is just above 
the haj-dware-shop of Mr. Gilbert, and another house 
occupied also as a sliop at the comer of the street. 'ITie 
Mansion House itself, the property of John C. Stephens, 
Esq., still stands in Week Street, but is divided into 
two or three dwelling-houses, and its ancient character 
has been entirely removed by modem frontages. The 
Fishers, a family well knoivTi in Maidstone, held the 
estate at least for a hundred years, and it is not accu- 
rately known how nmch longer. 'Iteir name apjieais 
in the manor sun'ey of 1511, before referred to, as then 
holding it ; wliere the lands of William Fisher are 
cliarged with the manorial rent of 40*. and 2ti., as under 
the division of Wyke Street, and not as in the borough 
of Wyke — which is the entrj' affoi-diug the proof to 
wliich allusion has before been made. It so happens 
that among the manuscripts of the British Museum, 
No. 211)2-4: of the Harleian CV)llection, an ancient 
rental is ]>resened, not dated, but apparently of about 
the time of Elizabeth, bearing the title of ' A Siurey 



HOMAN MAIDSTUNE. 



163 



of the Manoi' of Wyke.' By this, as far as the various 
fields can be identified, they seem to have extended 
northward, commencing in a line nith the present Union 
Street, and comprised 245o. 2r. Sip. A considerable 
portion of the lands has been purchased of late years 
by Alexander Randall, Esq., who has an elegant man- 
sion on the property, in wliich he resides. The Fisher 
family ultimately conveyed the estate to the Company 
of Merchant Tailors, in tlie year 1G17, 

12. I may add also another featuie to these remarks 
on the site of our supposed Roman station and settle- 
ment, or Roman station and " \'icus," as we may now 
call it, that \'arious ancient roads appear to converge 
to it ; and not so much to the present town of Maid- 
stone, as it now lies situated more to the south-east 
For instance, one remarkable one coming over the Box- 
ley range of hills neai' the farm called Boarley ,■ much 
scooped out of the side of the hill, and therefore very 
conspicuous. There is likewise another instance in the 
old Sittingboume road, which formerly pointed hither- 
ward ; though uow it is much altered at the Maidstone 
end. An ancient carriage-road likewise communicated 
direct with the spot I have assigned for the Roman sta- 
tion, from Boxley, coming partially through Mr. Lush- 
ington's lands. This gives a third instance of ancient 
roads converging to this centre. It joined it pretty 
much iu a straight line with the road crossing the Med- 
way at Radford, and coming up fiom the Thrott Wharf, 
as mentioned in the foi-mer part of these remarks. This 
said ancient road is marked on the older maps of the 
Earl of Aylesford's estates, but is uow completely dis- 
continued ; ha\iug been stopped up thirty or forty years 
ago, by the former Earl, at one end, and by Sir Henry 
Colder, Bart, a former possessor of Park House, at the 
other. 

13. In regai-d to evidence froni Roman and Anglo- 



1G4 



ROM.\N MAffiSTONE. 



Saxon remains, though somewhat of a negative cliai-acter. 
it is on the whole favourable in its results to the views 
which have been advanced in the foregoing pages. No 
Roman foundations have been discovered within the 
limits of the present town, though we have indeed one 
instance, at the end which lies somewhat contiguous to 
the spot assigned to the Roman station and " vicus," of 
which mention will be made presently more particxdarly. 
Indeed, it has almost passed into a matter of course to 
consider that when deep sewers are dug in the streets, 
or other excavations made, none will be met with. It 
is probable then, as the whole tract was known to have 
been comprised anciently within the limits of the Weald 
of Kent, that in the time of the Romans much of the 
actual site of the town was a deep and secluded part of 
the forest, too densely covered with wood and thickets 
to supply proper localities for Roman \illas. The other 
objects which are found are chiefly urns and coins. Very 
many years ago some of the former were found in dig- 
ging the foundation of a warehouse in the angle be- 
tiveen Earl Street and Pudding Lane, north of the latter. 
(See Newton's ' History- of Maidstone,* p. 6.) A small 
urn or two were likewise found about eight years since, 
while excavating for a building in St. Faith's Street, 
opposite to the top^of what was the former Green. 
Likewise, about hventy years before the said period, a 
few small urns, like the former ones of a black colour, 
and now deposited in the Charles Museum, were found 
ill digging foundations four or five houses higher up 
the street on the same side. Of coins, a second brass of 




ROMAN MAIDSTONE. 



105 



Claudius was found in the 8ewerage-c\itting at the top 
of King's Street, about the year 1851. On the obverse 
it has the head of the emperor looking to the left, with 
tlie inscription, Ti. clavdivs caesak avg. tup. imp., and 
on the reverse, MineiTa to the right, poising a spear; 
inscription in the field, s, c, A first brass of Commo 
dus was found, as said, four feet from the surface in 
All Saints' churchyard in 1844, and is engraved in the 
'History of the College of Maidstone,' p. 137, as also 




here represented. A rather well preserved denarius of 
tlic Emperor Trajan is similarly said to have been found 
in the bed of the river Lenn, about twenty-five years 
ago. The two last foi-m part of the late Mr. Charles's 
Museum, now belonging to the town of Maidstone. A 
third brass of Constans, with the delineation of the La- 
barum, was found at the top of Stone Street, on the left- 
hand, on what was formerly cidled " Sayer's Land." A 
Roman consular coin, of the family of Accoleia, was 
found in the present year in one of the ganlens of Med- 
way Street, inscribed with the legend, f. accoleivs la- 
RiscoLVS. Likemse about the same time a denarius of 
the Emperor Julian was found in or about Maidstone, 
inscribed on the obverse, fl. cl. ivlianvs pp. avg. ; on 
the reverse, victoria, dd. nn. avg. ; and in the exergue, 
Lvo. 'I'he coin is in verj- good preservation. Of other 
objects, a statuette of Merciiiy was found thirty years 
since in Mr. Lamprey's grounds, on the Boxley road, 
about a fjuarter of a mile out of Maidstone, now in pos- 



166 



BtaUS MAIUSrOSE. 




session of Captain Skinner, R3JL, his nephew. likewise 
another bronze statuette of Syh-aoos, as delineated in the 
margin, was dug up about the )'ear 1820, in the borough 
of Westree, ^klaidstone, across the bridge. It was for- 
merly in possession of Mr. Lamprey, 
and now of Captain Skinner, as 
(he preceding, and is only two 
inches in height. Also in the year 
1823 various sepulchral antiqui- 
ties, apparently chiefly Anglo- 
Saxon, were discoTcred in \Mieel- 
er Street, in excaTating for lanng 
the foundatious of the Lancastrian 
SchooL These few dispersed re- 
lics show no sufficient indications of either a Roman 
station or town where the present town of Maidstone 
stands. They are scarcely more than might be expected 
from digging to the same extent in the New Forest, or 
in that of Epping. 'N\Tiile in the direction of that part 
now out of the present town, or on the skirts of it, which 
I ha%'e suggested as a far more favourable sphere of in- 
quirj', we have something much more relative. There 
are in this quarter the foundations of the large and sub- 
stantial Roman \TlIa or building partly excavated by the 
late Mr. Charles ; which will be more fully described in 
a subsequent paragraph. In the meanwhile, more com- 
pletely to show that the first Roman establishments were 
in that quarter and on that spot with which I have en- 
dea^-oured to identify them, a few words on the gradual 
rise and extension of the town of Maidstone, from the 
said locality, may pnibably not be here irrelevant. 

14. MTiatcver may have been the state of the site of 
the present towTi of Maidstone in Roman times, whether 
it were forest or under any species of cultivation, it is 
certain that a Roman road went through it, in its pro- 
gress to the ^^'eald of Kent. This road has been mcn< 



EOMAN MAIDSTONE. 



167 



tioned before (see the previous page 156), and it seema 
that after it went further ou, it divided into two branches, 
at about a mile and three-quarters from the site of the 
jiresent town, both of which terminated in about four 
miles in an ancient road, called the " Chartway," which 
went for some very considerable distance along the out- 
skirts of the said district of the Weald. A road to the 
Weald, then, passed through the site of the present town; 
and besides that, as before mentioned, the militaiy road 
of Antoninus, coming from London, by Kestou, Wro- 
tham Heath, etc., crossed here at Radford in its way to 
DurobrivEE, Judd Hill (;'. e. Unrole^Tim), and Canterbury. 
These are almost the onlj' two facts now known of the 
earlier state of the to^vn. It was, as is supposed, about 
the year 800, in the time of the Saxon kings, that the 
whole parish was tiunsferred into the hands of the Arch- 
bishops of Canterbury, by some unknown donor, neither 
the original grant or instrument, nor any notification of 
its contents, being now extant among the records of 
Canterbury cathcdial, or elsewhere : but what is our ax- 
gument from this X Wby, it may be inferred that if the 
lands granted by the donation were so large in extent 
as they undoubtedly were, that they must have been 
deficient in population and comparatively uncultivated. 
There having been originally a Roman station here, and 
contiguous to it a Roman settlement, or " vicus," it would 
seem that dwellings became gradually constructed under 
the archbishops, on the line of Roman road, which was 
the more promoted by its being a thoroughfare, as has 
just been said, from the Weald of Kent ; but so gradual 
was the progress of this now important town, that it can 
scarce be found mentioned in our national records till 
the thirteenth ccnturj-. In that centiurj", in the year 
12G1, Archbishop Boniface, the founder of the Hospital 
of Newark, whicli is situated across the river, on the 
former London road, obtained the grant of a market at 




BUMA5 MAIDSIOSE. 

ield (see the - History of the College of Maiil- 
Ktone," p, 109J, which if it cx:cui>ied the spot when- the 
present High Street of ilaidntone now stands, the former 
known and accustomed place of market, it most hare 
been an expedient to draw popiiIati<in towards his new 
foundation, as also towards the dwelling of the arch- 
bishops. They, sine*; the reign of King John, had re- 
sided in the hoase that had belonged to "Williani de 
(-Vmiehill (see PhiUpot's ' ViUare Cantianuna,' p. 228), 
which had been granted to the See of Canterbury ; the 
same haring been re-edified by them, and having ac- 
quired tbe name of a palace. In 1272, being the hrst 
of Edward I., tlie Cliurch of Sl Faith vrm completed, 
ait api)eared by an inscription on one of the pillars so 
n*ad. It stood about a hundred yards due west of Week 
Street, and is believed to have been the prolongation of 
u former building, built about forty years previously. 
In 1422, as appears by the deed of endowment still in 
existence, the Brotherhood Hall was founded by John 
Hyssendeu, otherwise called Nayler, an inhabitant of 
Maidstone, at the bottom of Earl's Street, near the river ; 
and thus the fraternity, called the " Fraternity of Cor- 
pus C^iristi," was established. Tliis was no other than 
an early nidiment of the Maidstone corporation ; for the 
elders of the to»Ti were the principal members of this 
religious foundation, and this building was the quoei- 
* ToHii Hall ' of their day. Here observe, that as in 
London the magistracy has from the first continued to 
be in that part where was the ancient Eoman city, so in 
the case of this our county-town of Kent, the seat of 
municipal government still lingered towards that quarter 
in which the place had first sprung up ; and it seems to 
have done so for more than a century and a half after- 
wards. There was at this time a chapel, named St. 
John's chapel, just over the bridge of the Leirn,' and 

r St. John's dutpel in (u&icicntJy knovn, bom bcios v 



HUMAN MAIDSTOBE. 



169 



a church, named St. Marj''s church, standing near to 
the archbishoii's palace, to the south. This must have 
been subordinate to the churcli of St. Faith, which has 
been removed in the present year (1858), and which 
was situated towards the ancient site of the station and 
" vicus " before described, though without their limits, 
and which doubtless was the church of the place men- 
tioned in the Domesday survey of William the Con- 
queror. Nearer still to the station and " vicus " was the 
chapel of St. .\nne, which, according to ' Inrolments ' in 
the Augmentation Office (cited by Hasted in his 'History 
of Kent,' vol. ii., folio edition, p. 106), adjoined Perry- 
tield, and might have been in close proximity to the 
"vicus;" but its exact site is not precisely known.' 
.\rchbi8hop Courtney, however, completed the plan 
which appears to have been entertained by his prede- 
cessors, of forming the town in its present site, by found- 
ing and building a college, and a new and magnificent 
church in this quarter, dedicated to All Saints. Both 
these works seem to have been completed shortly after 
his death, in or about the year 1400. There is also 
great probability that he formed some of the buildings 
in the High Street, as Leland, in his ' Itinerary,' vol. vi. 



tioned in several ancient document. It wu on the north bank of tlie 
Lcnn, and on the eut side of Stone Street, being about eight; yorJa from 
the present bridge called tlie Littio Bridge. It bad a fii'ld of two bltcb 
attached to it, called the " Chapel Crofl," and the whole sile now belongs 
to John BreDcIiley , Esq. Some remaioB of foimdations and of eartben- 
waro wattT eouduit-pipes were mentioned by Mr. BrencUIoy as having 
been formerij mot with between the street and the Chapel Crofl. It is 
probable from this, that water was formerly conveyed iu this direction 
from (lie spring near tbe end of die Mote rood, at Wren's Cross. 

' How the two ckapcJs of St. John and St. Anne originated, does not 
appear. The latter was sitaated, it seems, contiguoos to lauds held by 
Boxlcy Abbey in Maidstone parish, and might have been comiected witb 
that oonventnal establishment. The former might not improbably have 
beeu maintained by the arehbiahop. There is no indieation that either of 
them tind been aboVdLed nt the dissolution of the mooaateries, Dor is it 
tuowu whcu they were disooo tinned. 



170 



BOKAX VAWSTOSE. 



p. 2, says that, " besides at the palace " (and college and 
church he might have added), ^ Courtney builded much 
in Maidstone." The High Street is believed to have 
been in existence as a street in the days of Courtney, 
as the Swan Inn, now added to the premises of Mr. 
Warwick, and occupied by Messrs. Piune, Erenden. and 
LeiTis, is mentioned in a deed of a date not long sub- 
sequent to his time. Nevertheless, though there was 
this progression, the principal houses and dwellings for 
long afterwards seem to have been in the two original 
streets, those of A\'yke and Stone Street ; for Leiand, 
the eminent antiqnar)', travelling through the town in 
152S, describes it, in a continuation of the passage be- 
fore referred to, as " one long street, full of inns." He 
(hd not, then, find the High Street im[K)rtant enough 
to be mentioned ; it possibly was not more than a mere 
marketrfield. This now handsome street, tlie High 
Street, might then have been, and probably was, like 
the ancient Smithfield in Loudon, now abolished, en- 
cumbered with cattle-stalls and sheep-pens. Add to 
this, the main thoroughfare to London passed at that 
time by Rochester, so that the road over the bridfje was 
not at that period much frequented. The bridge itself 
powerfully bears testimony to this, and shows the pro- 
gressive increase of traffic in this quarter, since, wheu 
viewed from underneath, the original structure hardly 
seems to have been of more importance than might 
have been expected to have been met with in some 
small country village over a river. It plainly appears 
that it was at first only constructed for the passage of 
one \'ehicle at a time. Afterwards, anciently, but still 
at some unknown date, it was widened for two carnages 
to pass each other ; while subsequently again, in tlie 
year 1808, eight feet of breadth were added to it, which 
dilated it to its present dimensions. 

15. 1 have now to revert to the laige Homan build- 



ItOSLAN MArnSTONE. 



171 



in^, or villa, discovered not far from the limits of our 
supjjosed Roman first settlement in these parts, and 
mai-ked on the map. The spot is called " the Mount," 
in an old deed, and stands on a prominence or rising of 
the ground, some twenty-five feet above the present 
level of the river, which, as the bed of the river itself 
is kno^vn to have been raised about twenty feet since 
Roman times, was of course once considerably more ele- 
vated than it is now. The discovery of the villa was 
recorded in the 'Journal of the British Archfeological 
Association,' vol. ii. for 1S47, pp. 86, 87. 88, and a plan 
added. 'ITie part excavated by Mr. Charles measured, 
the front forty-two feet, and the side, including the part 
visible beyond the modem wall, about eighty-six feet. 
It may be therefore concluded that the whole front 
would have extended to about one huntb'ed and twenty 
feet, at least. There were no signs of hypocausts, /. e. 
of the funiaces used by the Romans for heating apart- 
ments, or of any other apparatus for that purpose. The 
inference thus is, that this part was merely used as in- 
ferior oflices, and that the parts not excavated contained 
the rooms of an ornamental description : and it is no- 
ticeable that a fountain of beautifully clear water rising 
just above, at the front door of an ornamental cottage 
standing on the ban-ack property, built some twenty or 
thirty years ago by Lieuteuant-Colonel, afterwards Bri- 
gadier-General, Skene, had undoubtedly formerly its 
exit through this unexcavated part of tlie villa, where 
it may be concluded it formed the implurium. The 
walls were not above the usual thickness of those of 
Roman villas, being, the majority of them, about two 
feet, though one of the intermediate walls was nearly 
two feet six. But the most remarkable tiling of the 
whole was the preposterous size and thickness of the 
buttresses, which some seemed inclined to tliink were 
t buttresses, but bases for pedestals of statues. Mr. 



BMCAS MAIDeiDNK. 



Prptty, the learned mratnr of the Charles Moseum, 
Maidstone, hax fartmred me with the remark that there 
is an occaaonal occnrrence of large editices in Zucha- 
relli's pictures of the scenery and hnildingB of Italy, 
where ancient structures are introduced, not strictly 
(rastles or fortresses, but constructed with large bnt- 
tresses, of what might almost be termed estiaTagant di- 
mensions, placed at intervals along the walls, and tha« 
seeming distinct &om the usual class of dome^c n>8i- 
denees. He therefore thooght that there was thus a 
coincidence in this circumMance tn the lilla discovered 
at this spot, and conadered that there was probably 
here a public building of some sort. Mr. Pretty's \iews 
are ostensibly correct, but the small part excavated does 
not allow us to assign its supposed use. A few imple- 
ments of Roman workmanship were found, fragments 
of personal ornaments, etc, etc., and a copper coin of 
Gordianus IIL, who reigned from the year 238 to 244. 
I may add, that this building stood not on the tract 
of land called Perryfield, otherwise Burj^eld, but on 
the adjoining piece, which anciently had the name of Co- 
riugs, Charinge, or Charinges. It is mentioned in the 
• Manor Survey" of 1511 as belonging to the Archbishop 
of Canterbury ; as also in Sir T. Wyat's exchange with 
the king in 1540, where it is described as haiing been 
late the property of the abbot and convent of Boxlejr. 
U is mentioned also in a grant from the Crown to %r 
Walter llendley, where it is described as comprising 
sixteen acres, but without doubt was of very much 
greater extent. It had a yearly fair upon it according 
to the first deed, which is the more singular as showing 
that this quarter, now remote from the jirt'sent town, 
had its own ancient fiur. Its boundary ton'ards Maid- 
stone was a stile by the river's side, which appear* to 
Iiavc stood about ninety or a hundred yards higher up 
the stream thou our villa, and was colled " CWing's 



ROMAN MAIDSTONE. 



173 



Stile," whence it is considered to have extended to the 
nortli-west, and to have inchided the barracks ; but how 
much further it went is perhaps uncertain. The fair 
held here does not appear to have been the same as that 
which is still continued in the Fair Meadow ; as the 
last-named field, the proper appellation of which is 
handed down as the " King's Mead," is understood to 
have been in the possession of the town in the reign of 
Edward IV., and consequently long before the dissolu- 
tion of Boxley Abbey, or of the exchanges which took 
place between the Archbishop and the Crown. Caring'a 
Stile, I may add, is often mentioned in the corporation 
books of some centuries back, where it is put as a 
species of antithesis to the College Lock, about half a 
mile higher up the river ; between which limits strict 
rules were enacted for the preservation of the fish. 

It will be seen by the preceding details, that Roman 
>Tllas stood pretty thick together on this side of Maid- 
stone: one here at the Mount ; another at Little Buck- 
land (see before, p. 156) ; another towards AUingtou 
(i//i'(}.); to these may be added one more near IJarming 
church, and a further one at a place called West Town, 
in East Farleigh : these were all in a space of ground 
not more than two miles square. Now it cannot but 
strike us tliat Roman wallas being so frequent in this 
locality, must needs be an indication of the proximity 
of a Roman station ; wliile at the same time the other 
side of Maidstone by no means supplies the same results, 
where there are none. Doubtless the reason might be, 
that where the villas are, as well as ha\ing the advan- 
tage of the ford of Radford, the country was more open ; 
and that where the present town now is, and in that di- 
rection, the forests, thickets, and underwoods were closer 
and more embarrassing. 

16. I have thus offered my views respecting the Ro- 
man station of Vagniacse ; the reader, however, must 



174 



liOMAN MAIDSTONE. 



remember that there was a second station of that name, 
a second Vagniacte, at Aylesford ; for in regard to the 
Roman military road which I have before described (see 
p. 155, aj}t€) as coming from London by Keston, Old- 
bury Camp, and Wrotham Heath, it divided into two 
branches after having passed the heath some tliree or 
four miles ; whereof one branch crossed the Medway 
at Railford, close by Maidstone, as 1 have endeavoured 
to set forth, the other passed over at Aylesford, and 
continued a separate course a mile or two from the river 
till it entered the Roman station at Rochester, near 
where the castle now stands. It vnM be observed that 
Antoninus, in his ' Itinerarj',' has the name of our sta- 
tion " Vagniaca?," in the plural number, by which a 
double station might be understood, and that he does 
not express it " Vagniaca," which would imply more 
particularly a single station. One manuscript copy of 
Antoninus has "From Vagniacee to Durobrivte vi (miles)," 
which probably is no mistEdie, but would be correct for 
the shorter distance which Aylesford is necessaiily to 
DurobriiEE. There is every reason to form an opinion 
that the Romans crossed at Maidstone or Aylesford as 
the tide suited, or as the floods of the river allowed, for 
no Roman bridge at either place is ever supposed ; forda 
oidy, as the ancient names sliow, nz. Aylesibrd and Rad- 
ford. Numerous objects of antiqmty, British and Ro- 
man, were found, in the year 1824, at the ford at Ayles- 
ford, on the shoal there ; supposed to have been lost in 
ancient times by persons who passed through the river, 
and some of them are now in the Maidstone Museum ; 
but Radford, near Maidstone, as before observed, has no 
ford there at present. 1 must now leave those pages to 
the favourable auspices of those who may read them, 
A\Tiatever may be the merit or demerit, I alone am an- 
swerable for these views ; but it perhaps may be as well 
that something definite should be set forth on the sub- 



ROMAJJ MAIDSTONE. 



jcct, and I suspect that the researches of others will 
rather tend to confirm my conclusions than othei-wise. 
At any rate, I have endeavoured to place the subject of 
ancient Roman Maidstone on a tangible basis, and if my 
ideas on its features prove con-ect, it will afford an an- 
swer to the question which is no doubt occasionally 
asked among the inhabitants, of the whereabouts of the 
Roman station and original settlement at this now flou- 
rishing countT-t()\vn. 

I should not omit to add that the accompanying ]>lan 
of the station Vagniacie will show many details of its 
situation, and of that of some adjoining places which 
have been mentioned in these pages.' 

' A few lines may bo perhaps uBoftdly bcstuwod to bHow briefly the rea- 
Bons for placing the Btatioa VngoionD at Mnidstone ; or, as said before, the 
portion of the double station bo called, the name being in the plural number. 

According to the Itinerary of Antouinoa (Iter ii), Vagniacie. under what- 
ever form it may have been, whcthor divided or single, should be the first 
station from Dorobrivte on the road to London : and though it is conceded 
that there is a Roman road from DnrobrivfE, or Bochester, through South- 
fleet, Dsrtford, Welling, and Deptford to London, yet it Is believed, from 
the impediment of three formerly considerable eBtuaries or arms of the 
Thames which crosfed this line of road, that the transit in this direction 
must have been somewhat difficult. There are certainly no recognized 
Roman bridges or embankmentA over them. Ii is therefore inferred 
froin this ciruumstancc that the usual main line of commuiiication for the 
Boman legions with their baggage and encumbrances was from Durobrivie, 
or Rochester, through Maidstone or Aylesford, as the tide might suit, and 
thence onwards through Oldbury camp and Eeston to London. Agree- 
ably to this idea the line by Sonthfleet and Deptford was only formed as a 
summer road, as some Roman roads are known to have been in Oermany. 
for the transit and despatch of couriers and light troops in eaace of emer- 
gency ; who might have passed by means of boat*. 'iliUB Antoninus, in 
his Iters ii. iii, and iv, gives two distanees respectively between London 
and Durobrivff for the two lines of road, namely, ixvii miles for the sum- 
mer road, that over the estuaries, which is correct, and iiivii (idii) for 
the other. 

The above is very much corroborated, and indeed almost rendered im- 
possible to be doubled, from the statement in Antoninus thai the Roman 
military road pasayd through or by Noviomagus (Keatoii), nhicli jilace the 
roail by Southfleet. Dartford, Welling, and Deptford leaves far away, many 
miles over hill and dale, to the south. 



NOTRS OF BRASSES FORMERLY EXISTING IN 
DOVER CASTLE, MAIDSTONE, AND ASHFORD 
CHURCHES. 

(from TItE SUllHEKDEN COLLECTION.) 
BY HERBERT L. SMITH, ESQ. 

In the description of the SuiTendcD Collection of manu- 
scripts given by the Honorary Secretary in the preceding 
pages, mention is made, at p. 51, of a volume of Church 
Notes made by Sir Edward Bering, the first baronet, in 
conjunction with Philipot, about the year 1630. T have 
the gratification of communicating to the pages of ' Ar- 
chaeologia Cantiana ' four specimens from this volume. 
The outlines here given are exact copies of the originals, 
and fair samples of the interesting nature of the whole 
collection. It is only to be regretted that these records 
do not extend beyond thirty-two parishes. Many of the 
monuments, however, here recorded, have either wholly 
passed away, or have suffered great mutilation since Sir 
Edward's trickings were originally made. A large num- 
ber of the heraldic memorials no longer exist, and in one 
instance, viz. that of the ancient chmch in Dover Castle, 
nothing remains but roofless crumbling walls. 

I have copied the Dover Brass in exact facsimile <rf 
the original, without that reduction in size which was 
found necessary to adapt the other three outlines for the 
pages of this work. Lyon, in his histoiy of Dover Cas- 
tle, gives a very rough and xmsatisfactory sketch, more 
like that of an effigy than a brass, being without any of 



BRASSES IN nnVER TASTLE, ETC. 



I 



the decorations, caiiupj', etc. In describing it he appears 
to copy Bering's remarks verbatim, and had probably 
seen our manuscript ; for, in another place he refers to 
Recoi-ds " in possession of a gentleman whose ancestoi's 
filled a high office in Dover Castle." From which we 
may gather that he had been allowed access to the 
Surrenden muniments. Ho also gives the result of re- 
searches made in 1776, when the gravestone was ex- 
humed, and displayed the extent of its original ornamen- 
tation, by the number and \'ariety of its chasings. This 
stone, he says, was erroneously described by Weaver as 
of marble, whereas it was of a coai"se grit, full of marine 
petrifactions. No doubt Weaver meant the favourite 
Betbersden marble, so extensively used in eai'ly periods 
in our county. So little regard was paid to these re- 
mains, that, although at a greater depth another large 
stone was found covering a slightly plastered grave, in 
which a few bones still remained, the soldiers were per- 
mitted to break up this venerable relic, and to use it for 
various purposes. 

The drawing will show the original condition of this 
beautiful brass, and is, I believe, the only record of it, 
in its perfect state, now extajit. This Sir Robert Astone 
was son of Sir Robert of Ashton-imder-Line, and filled 
many honourable offices, such as Admiral of the Narrow 
Seas, Justice of Ireland, Treasurer of the Exchequer, 
and Chamberlain to Edward III., by whom he was also 
appointed to be an Kxecutor of his WiU. At the foot 
of the tracing of the brass, Dering notes thus:— " On a 
flatte gravestone, right before the high altar, this figure 
and inscription to S"" Robert Astone ;" and below that, this 
note : — '"'rhe circumscrijition of the great bell heere, and 
weighing 30001b. weight, — and which was the gift of 
that S'' Robert Astone, — hath everj' letter fajTe and cu- 
iously cast, and each crowned with a ducal crown. — 
Dominus Robertus dc Astone, miles, me fecit fieri. A, 



BRASSES ni DOVEn CASTLE, 



quarto R Ricardi scdi O.' Lower than this, in small 
letters, was cast — 

" STBFKK SOETOJJ OP K1!ST 
KK IU»B m GOO DiTENT." * 

In Maidstone church, the large stone on which was the 
figure of Woodville, (though now Ijing level with the 
pavement,) in the days of Dering, covered an altar-tomb, 
and had then all its hrasses complete. Not one of these 
now remains, but the form and number of the chasings 
sufficiently identify it as the one represented by Dering. 
The follo\ving pedigraic sketch,— for which I am in- 
debted to T. W. King, Esq., York Herald, — is from A'in- 
cent's Collections in the College of Arms, B. 2. 253, and 
it enables us to identify the escutcheons as those of 
Richard Wydnlle, of the Mote, in Maidstone, ^iz. first 
and third shield, quarterly, first and fourth M'ydviUe, 
second and third ? Gabyon ; second shield, quarterly, 
first and fourth Bedlesgate, second and third Beau- 
champ ; fourth shield, the first impaling the second. 



Rtch&rd Wydville, of Mnydiitone 
and Gnin»n, wn of Henry Wyd- 
ville by ... . daughter of ... . 
Gabyon ilIs. Uorona, of Tarlar. 
buried at Msydalone. 



KliKabetli. or Mary, daughter and 
hciroBs iif Auhn Bedlisgatc, Ijj 
. . . . daatfUttTofWiUianiBMU- 
cham]!. of Wellington, Co. Somer- 



.Sir Bicb&rd Wydviile, K.G., created =Ja(juctta, danglitcr of Peter de Lin- 
Earl Bivere. 24 May, fi Edw. IV., inburgli. Count St. Paul, and re- 
md ob. 9 Edn-. IV. bet of John Plantogencl, Dulcc 
I of Bedford. 



Sir John Grey, Kiiight=EliMbeth=Edward IV., King of Knglemd. 

The outline of the canopied altar-tomb in Maidstone 
church, hesitatingly assigned by Dering to Courtenay, 
represents a monument about whicli considerable uncer- 
tainty has existed. 



' Tbi» Stephen Norton ■ 



M'ldbral^d beU-roumlcr in Kent. 



Ji.ff-J..,,^,/i^c^jA^4^^.f^ »„r^M. 




MAIDSTONE, AND ASHFORD. 



179 



Coiirtonay lived much at Maidstone, and founded the 
College there; he was also a gieat benefactor to the 
church of Maidstone. In liis will, made some time before 
his death, he had bequeathed that his body should be 
buried in the nave of Kxeter cathedral, where the remains 
of his fatlier and mother rested ;' but during his last ill- 
ness he altered his intentions, and added a codicil direct- 
ing that his remains should be interred in tlie collegiate 
church of Maidstone, not esteeming himself worthy to 
repose in the metropolitan church of C'anterbury. At 
the time of his deatli, July 31st, 1396, King Richard n. 
was at Canterbury, and being informed of that event, 
gave orders that tlie obsequies should take place there : 
and his body was accordingly removed to Canterbury for 
that purpose on the 4th of August, where, according 
to a small old Obituai-y in the Ilegistry of Canterbury, 
he was interred in the presence of the King, nobilitj', 
clergy, and ten thousand people.'' 

If this be a correct liistnrical outline, we may reason- 
ably conclude that Courtenay's remains lie at Canter- 
bury, beneath the alabaster monument there raised to 
his memory, though without an inscription. A tomb, 
however, had been prepared for him at Maidstone. 
Weaver gives us the Latin hexameter epitaph which 
was inscribed upon it ; it was probably from the pen of 
Wotton ; and expressly asserts that the Archbishop had 
caused the tomb to be built " ab imo," and had desired 
to be buried therein : and there still exists in the pave- 

' For further particulars respectiDg the Coiirlenay nncretiy and lineage, 
•ec Gibbon's digTcsgionH on the family of Courtenaj'. at the end of the 
§iity.fi«t ehapter of hia ' Decline and Fall of the Eoraan Empire." 

' Admitting the Deeessary time which would be occupied by first eon- 
Teying the news toCanterburyftwenty-iii miles), taking the King'a direc- 
tions, returning with them to Maidstone, mating prpparationa for the 
removal, journey of the body and attendants, {with probably a night's de- 
lay at the archiepiBcopiil palace of Charing), cathedral and other arrangc- 
menta at Canterbury, we camiot suppose the whole to have been completed 

four days, but tbul ihe removal eoninienred four days after death. 



mont of the chancel n large slab eleven feet fi\e inches 
long by four feet two and a half inches wirle, which 
manifestly demonstrates, by the still existing indentations, 
that an Archbishop's bracts, with canopy and other orna- 
ments, once occupied its surface. The Rev. Beale Poste 
has kindly informed me that until the commencement of 
the present century, it formed the tablet of an altar-tomb, 
but the loss of the brasses no doubt occurred anterior 
to Bering's visit, or he would have noted them. On 
this altar-tomb, probably, Courtenay's body lay in state 
immediately after his death, with the full intention that 
his obsequies wonld be there completed as by himself di- 
rected, all things proceeding regularly for that end, and 
there commenced the fifteen thousand masses and two 
thousand matins he had directed sliould be offered up 
for the repose of liis soul : but, owing to the King's di- 
rections, the tomb itself remained a mere cenotaph. 

But the question still recurs, How can we prove the 
canopied monument so long associated with Courtenay, 
to be Wotton's, and not Courtenay's 1 By refen-ing to 
the Will of Wotton, in the Registry of Lambeth Palace, 
'Chichele,' p. 309, we find Wotton thus providing for his 
burial — " Presentando corpus meum ecclesiastice sepul- 
ture, videlicet in ecclesia collegiata de Maydeston ante- 
dicta, in loco destinato, ante altare sancti Thome martins, 
in ala australi dicte ecclesie collegiate." Hence, it is 
evident that he had fixed upon the identical spot on 
which the monument now stands, as that where he 
wished his body to be buried ; the place therefore could 
not have been previously occupied by either cenotaph 
or tomb. The confusion seems to have arisen from the 
various escutcheons displaying so prominently the arms 
of Wotton's great patron, Coiirtenay. The canopy still 
exhibits the following coats; first, the amis of the col- 
lege of which \\'ntton was the first master, azure three 

Igemelles. nr ; senond. tliose of Wotton's first patron. 



1^ f^ Qau^tiiva'j M'u.fi.ii yw- 



llt^ j/'Ooi'lB 1 fltJi^H^ 




hunt L'^fror,tC"sCic£stlt'ifi$ sr/frif/mi mu^s/tf " 



. " SialiUhurit C<i 



■J 






Vii.£yiizs 







''■fioUJ!. ^ rricxu-itJlt. 2.Z. 'Jau.t "^oiSaVK 



■■L 



1X1. t37£'.. 



MAIDSTONE, AND ASllFORD. 



181 



Couitenay, impaliug the See; third, Arundel, Couvte- 
iiay's successor, impaling tlie See ; lastly, Christchurch, 
Canterbury, The circumstance that the arms of Aran- 
del, Courtenay's successor, occui' on the canopy, at once 
proves that the monument could not be Courtenay's, but 
that the two archbishops stand in nearly equal relation, 
as patrons of him whose tomb their arms decorate. The 
brass portrait, according to Bering's draiving, was that 
of a simple priest, having at his Iiead on one side, the 
arms of Courtenay ; on the other, the same arms im- 
paling the See of Canterbury. I liave not been able to 
discover that Wotton had any coat or was entitled to 
bear arms, which circumstance may account for his using 
the ai"ms of his patrons. 

It may be interesting in a future volume to give the 
wills of Courtenay and Wotton more at large, as they 
contain many curious illustrative details. 

Lastly, the Ashford Bi-ass, to a Countess of Athol, has 
hitherto proved of rather an enigmatical character. 
Weaver calls this monument the chief glory of Asliford 
for antiquity. It is now in a more ruinous condition 
than it was in the days of Dering; the greater part oF 
the figure, the Arms of Athol, and nearly all the inscrii>- 
tion, are gone ; also the shield with the cross impaling 
the chevi'onela. Notwitlistanding the acknowledged evi- 
dence of the inscription, confinned as it is by IJering's 
statement that the brass was in memory of Elizabetli, 
Coimtess of Athol, and daughter of ]_A)rd FciTers, ttlio 
died October 22nd, 1^75, much misrepresentation has 
existed. 'ITic chief j>edigraic authmities have hitherto 
assumed that Elizabeth was an error, and that Cathe- 
rine, her mother-in-law, was the person buried at Ash- 
ford, seemingly for no better reason than that 1375 was 
asMgned as the date of her death as well as that of her 
daughter-in-law. After much investigation by Mr. King 
Hmong the records of the Heralds' College, a peiUgree by 



182 BRASSES IN DOVEH CASTLt:. 

Vincent turned up, from a book marked Qiiid Non, which 
threw much light upon the question ; hut as Vincent's 
pedigree contained some gra\'e chronological errors, 1 
procured a search to be made among the ' Inquisitioucs 
post mortem' at the General Reconl Office, and embody 
the results of that investigation in the following pedi- 
graic sketch : — 



Darid Stnibolgic, Earl of Athol,: 
alive 9 Edw. m.. 1336i dead II 
Edw. m.. 1338. 



=Catlierine. Ob. on St. Msrtm'B | 
I day, 42 Edw. ni.. 1369. 



Duvid Strolwlgio. Eiwl of Athol. = Elizabeth. Ob. at Aaliford, 23 Oct.. 1 
OD tlic death of Ills Tathci*. 49 Edw. III. Hanug remarried J 

and 32 al dt^ulh of liia inothor. John Malwejn, 

, Dead 49 Edw. III., 1376. | 



Elizabeth. 
^t. 14 49 Edw. m. 



FhiUippa. 
JEt. 12. 49 Edw. III., 1376. 



The return of the jury, though no doubt in the main \ 
correct, gives a slight error of about two years in the age 
nf David the son, which however is not of sufficient 
iiportance to affect our object of identifying the monu- 
ment as that of Elizabeth, the daughter of Henry Lord _ 
Ferrers, of Groby. Vincent's pedigree gives the date of ■ 
the death of this David, Earl of Athol, as Oct. 10, 43 1 
Edw, III., or 1370, which affords about five years' 8ur\i- 
vorship for his wife, during which time she is described 
as becoming the >vife of Malwejn, of Ashford. Had the 
Inquisitions recorded the name as Malmain or Valoignes, 
the as.sociation would have appeared intelligible; the Mal- 
mains having large property at Waldcrshare and Pluck- 
ley, and tlie Valoignes great possessions at Ashford ; a9| 
also had the Fogges. with one of whom, Thomu8 Fo^e, " 
Ewj.. of Ashford. she is idso associated, as Hasted s 



MAIDSTONE, AND ASHFORD. 



1S3 



ill a (jcdigrce of Bargrave's, whom he therefore thinks 
might have been a third husband. 

Tliere is another peiUgree in the College of Ai-ms, in 
which Malwe)!! is given as a marriage pre\iou8 to Athol. 
Tims altJiongh Dering marks the head-dress as Valoignes, 
throning in his testimony in favour of tliat name, we 
are left to conjecture by which of her reputed husbands 
she found her place in Ashford, That she died there 
is specifically stated in the Inquisition. If he be correct, 
"Malweyn" in the Inquisitions and in our pedigree is a 
misreading for Valoignes, But the name is so frequently 
repeated in these Inquisitions as decidedly " Malweyn," 
that, till further endence turns up, we must, however 
reluctantly, infer that in this instance Doring is in error. 

In concluding tliis article, the ^vritor trusts that if 
every difficulty is not cleared away, enough has been 
said to show the ilegrce of interest attached to Bering's 
notes and sketches, and the monuments they elucidate. 



1 



SIB ROGER TVn'S DEN'S JOURNAL. 

FROM TIIE ROTDON HALL MSS. 

In the private collections of this Countj', many Diaries 
of the Worthies of past ages, who have done our Country 
honour by their lives and theii- works, are still carefully 
preserved. In no more appropriate manner can such 
works be given to the world, than in the pages of our 
own ' ArchiEologia.' We shall thus enlist the wise and 
great of other days to contribute their papers among 
those of our living supporters. Though dead, their lips 
shall still teach wisdom. 

We will begin mth the diary of the pious, learned, 
patriotic, and loyal Sir Roger Ti\'ysden. 

It details the persecutions which he suffered at the 
hands of the Parliament, between the years 1641 and 
1G48. 

We can promise our readers much gratification in the 
perusal. It mil let them beliind the scenes in the get- 
ting up the celebrated Kent petition which alarmed the 
Parliament and drew down their vengeance upon the 
sturdy loyalists of Kent. It wiU reveal many interest- 
ing events that occurred in the county during the Re- 
bellion ; exhibiting a sad picture of the state of society 
generated by Civil Convulsions. 

It is a plain statement of facts left to speak for them- 
selves. There is no attempt nt distortion or exnggei-a- 
a simple journal of events as they mutually 



SIB liOGEK TftTSDEN's JOURNAL. 



185 



occurred. In forming an opinion, from its disclosures, 
of the treatment which Roger Tw)'sdeii received, be it 
remembered that he was no violent Ultra-Royalist, not 
one strongly committed to that side, quite the contrarj'; 
his leanings were rather to the popular party. He was 
always a hearty and consistent upholder of the Consti- 
tution. The liistoiy of it had been the study of his life, 
and no man of his day was a more consummate master 
of it, or more devoted himself to maintain it in its in- 
tegrity. No one who has read his * Treatise on the 
Government of England,' his * Defence of the Church,' 
and his 'Commoner's Liberty, or Englishman's Birth- 
right,* can hesitate in proncmncing him a man of tho- 
rough independence of thought and action ; equally 
opposed to the tyranny of one as to that of many. The 
invasion of the Constitution, from whichever side it 
came, at once aroused all his energies in its defence. ■ 
" What was it to him" (they ai-e his own words) " whe- 
ther the Duke of Buckingham, or my Lord Treasurer 
Weston were author of an illegality ; whether the Earl 
of Strafford, or Mr. Pym sat at the helm of government, 
if their commands carried equal pressure V 

He refused shipmoney, and was as much opposed as 
Hampden himself to the encroachments of the Crown, 
against which he was through life continually struggling. 
Indeed, his resistance to them was, to the full, as deter- 
mined and energetic, as any wliich he ever displayed 
against the unconstitutional orders of the Parliament. 
He would commit himself unreservedly to neither party, 
and thus, peruaps, incurred the enmity of both. As for 
the Independents, they early saw that he was a man of 
too great importance and influence in his own county to 
be left to his own free action. Tliey therefore at once 
put him under restraint, and assuredly did not spare the 
great master and devoted worshiper of Constitutional 



186 



Sm ROGER TWTSDES'S JOCRS.U.. 



The Diary (the Title-page of which wc have given in 
facsimile) was completed and carefully prepared for the 
press by Sir Roger himself^ and was evidently intended 
for publication during the Protectorate, It is written 
irou^hout in his singularly clear and neat liand, with 
fee disfigurement of hardly a single correction ; except 
in a vejy few instances chiefly made requisite by the 
Restoration. Why it was never published, it may not 
be difficult to conjecture, when we remember how en- 
tirely engrossed Sir Roger Twysden was, during the lat- 
ter years of his life, in tliose learned researches to which 
we are largely indebted for the little we know of the 
early liistory of England. While occupied in these all 
alisorbing labours, be probably laid aside his private 
memorials, entrusting the pubUcation of them to those 
of his family who should come after him, a charge which 
they seem to have neglected, lea\ing thereby to us the 
giutification of first presenting them to the world. The 
manuscript is too long to be printed entire in a single 
volume of our serials ; we therefore purpose giring it in 
successive portions, ^\^len we shall have subjoined his 
private con'espondence, and a few extracts from his note- 
books, we shall be much mistaken it' our readcra do not 
love and admire the man as warmly as we t)nrselves do, 
for the depth of his learning, the soundness of his ac- 
ijuirements, bis unfeigned and active piety, his domestic 
virtues, his loyalty, his ardent love of liberty, his tntly 
English spirit' 



II facile crederew, ■ 



.{jniim I i be 11 lev." 

L. B. L. 



' Wi' woulJ ruftT tlioae wlio ari> dosiioua to kuoir more of tlic hUlor^ 
(*r our potriotio Jourtinliat. Ui n lUariuiiiK liioKrai'liiwil nketuh pmfixi-l In- 
llin Intc J. M. Kcmlili', Eirj,, Ui Sii' Kojff^r's Tre«Usi' <m the Oovci 
of KukUuiI, [jubliiflit'il lij tlic CundoD ijooioty in tlir yc*r 181H. 



AN MlSTOHicAlLMH- 
RAtive oFthttwo 

how fts off aril XmtTit anddtkerof 
theriXf their co'Tmn\ttecs and A^nt$ 
violent p-roceeii'Ti^ O^ainft S'^^cgerT^yf-. 
den their JmyjrfTonJTig^ Aisperfcn^jeiiJ^ftWn^ 
his eftate, cuitintlcicwn fuS Vo<iaS, .inaTvTn-, 

fh the CTia to CoTTifcritiOTi. for Kij own- 
jJ^^. fa^S.MD XXXIX. 



%*. 




Snt EOGER TWYSDEN'S JOUTtNAL. 
Never did any Man ivith more earnest expectation long 
for a Parlyanient then 1 did ; — ^seeing, to my under- 
standing, the great necessyty of one both for Church 
and State; nor did (so far as my calling led me), more 
then I, oppose any illegall course might retard y* calling 
of one (as my sute w"' the Heralds for fees, after my 
father's death, in my Lord Marishall's Court, might 
give good evidence ; As likewise y* contest I had w"" 
one George Bristock, who, setting up a Brewhouse at 
Tunbridge, by a power, as he pretended, from Court, 
proliibeted men the brewing and selling beere of their 
owne making, and thereupon uttered hys owne, not only 
at unreasonable rates, but as (was informed) issued out 
unholesome drink, w""" being complayned of, he was 
so proceeded against by that worthy patriot Mr. Uixon, 
and myself, when others refused to meddle w"' it, as 
he made little farther use of his patent) ; Or did more 
joy at that hon'''' action of some Lords, who delivered 
a petition to hys late Ma'' in y* North for the summon- 
ing of one ; never imagining a Parlyament would have 
tooke upon them the redressing things amisse, eyther in 
y* ecclesiastiqiie or Temporal! government, by a way not 
traced out unto them by their auncestors ; or the house 
of Commons would have assiimed a power of command- 
ing those who auctorised their sitting in it, otherwise 
then by making lawes that both were to obey. 

2. 3rd November. 1640.— But after their Meeting, y" 
3 of November, 1640, their entring upon buisinesse, and 
that I saw j-* unusuall proceedings against the Earl of 
Strafford, by a close Committee' first, and after, in 
Westminster Hall, that Mr. SoUicitor' published, " 'llie 

' There wns never any prirnte or close Committee of y* Houao of 
C'umtnona (Ul King CIifLrlcs hya tyini>, when ■ohip pcrsuni' ondcavoun'il to 
m»le y' Duko of Biickinjrliam guilty of Kin« Jiuncg Iijb diatli.— T. 

■ Ur. Solicilor Si. Johns kya arguiueDt at kw ofiaiiiel y Earl of Straf- 
ford, I.J.. 67. 66.— T. 



188 



sm ItOQEH TWTSUENS JOUHNAL. 



law of ttie 25 Ed, III., for treasons,' did not take away 
those at y* Common Law ;- That beeuig penull it might 
bee construed by equyty ;' — That though wee give law 
to Harea and Deere, yet it waa not crueltj' to knock 
foxes and wolves on y* liead as they could bee found ;"* 
— That they did not so much seeke to redi^esse things 
amisse as to spend tyme in setting out y' miseries wee 
lay imder, in quarrelling at Offenders or indeed any man 
atlmost had got an estate in these tymes, I confessc I 
beegan to bee much troubled, and fear if wee did change 
our Task Masters, our burthens would not bee lesse. 
And what was it to me, whither y* Duke of Buckingham 
or my Lord Treasurer Weston were auctor of an ille- 
galyty ; whither the Earl of Strafford or Mr. I'jTu sate 
at the helme of government, if their commands carrj etl 
equall pressure 1 The Howse of Commons endeavouring 
to remove one in anctorjty, might advance such as 
hoped to succeede hym; but for me, a private man, 
there would be much more advantage by compounding 
for y" Court of Wards, by remotniug a taxe by a good 
law, w'^ the King in justice and honor was tyed to 
maynteyn, then by inquyring who waa y* occasion of 
imi)Osing it. 

3. In January, 1640-1, his Ma"*" Justices of y" peace 
of y" South Division of j-" Lath of Aylesford received 
two orders, the one of the date of y" 7"' of December, 
under the hande of the Clark of y" howse of Commons, 
reqnjTing and enjojTiing them to command y^ Church- 
wardens, and other Officers w^''in their parishes and pre- 
cincts, to certj"fy the names of all Ilecusants, to the end 
they might bee proceeded against according to law at 
the next St-ssinns. The other of y"" 24 of the same 
month. That if any, upon inquyrj-, refused to make 

I p. 21.— T. ' p. 7a.— T. 

' See ClftToudou's ' Hiattvy of tko BebcUion,' edit, liiyi. foL 13, p. 183. 



SIR ROfiER TWYSDEN's JoriiNAL. ISO 

known hys name, to bee committed to prison till he 
found snei'ties for hys good abearing, and to certyfy to 
the howse of Commons all such as excused themselves 
by priviledge of Parlyament, etc. 

4. This I concei^'e the first command the howse of 
Commons ever extended to all hys Ma''" Justices of 
Peace through England (for what was done heere was 
likewise in other places) ; and it seemed to me veiy pre- 
posterous that they who ivere agents for others Peti- 
tioners, and Assentors in making lawes in others' stead, 
should generally command so considerable a pait of 
those had sent them thither by paper Orders. I re- 
raembred to have read of a certayn Byshop, wlio, in hys 
joumy to Trent, being rob^. desired y" Councell there 
met to make some declaration against such as should 
enterprise y^ like in future, w^'' the Lcgats dcxtrously 
diverted, considering how dangerous the consequence 
might bee to y' Fo\w, for them there to make Edicts 
" per prop'ia esaltatioiw."^ Besides. I did not know any 
law (w''' they then profeat to maintcyn) inabled a Jus- 
tice of Peace to cast in prison or bind to the good bee- 
haviour any pei-son, Popish recusant or other, meerely 
for refusing to tell hys name. But foimer fears of 
that partie's prevayling, and of some more then ordi- 
nary favor caiTyed unto them, made every Justice willing 
to addc their help to j* discovery of them — though 1 
know some saw an ille sequele might ensue their doing 
it on such a warrant. 

5. And these were y' leading presidents to tliat of 
y* 28 of August. 1G41, inabling and requiring Mayors, 
Jurats, Justices of Peace, etc., to disanne all Popish Re- 

' Hist. Concil. Trident, lib. 2, p. 133. edit. Lomlon. 1619.— T. 

" Calaliuio Trinllio, Vodcovo di Piaeerza, arrivato 'Z gitimi prima, iiarr& 
publicBinente, phe pausodo poco lontaao dfllla Mirnndola era stato Bvalij;- 
giato, ot dimandfi, rhe in Concilio si TacesHc nn' ordinationc contra qiiclli 
chc impedivaao o molPst«vano i Prelati, & altre pcrsone eke andaseero al 
ConciJio." etc. etc.-ED. 



190 



SIR ROGER ■nrrSDES'R JOnRKAt. 



cusants, and, where as j* Statute of King James' ex- 
tended onely to such as were legally convict, this reached 
any had not repajTed to Church more then once in a 
month, or having two or more howeehold sen-ants of 
the Popish religion ; in short, any that could bee ima- 
gined popishly affected : and, for the seeing it put in 
speedy execution, named certayn members of y* Neither 
bowse as 8uper\isor3 of every man's actions. And 
about the same tynie there came out a declaration w"' 
orders of y' howse of Commons, w"' another from 
Mr, Pym, as Chayr man of y" Committee (during n 
Recesse y* Commons had taken), for the publishmg the 
same in all Churches, expressing their dissent from y" 
Lords (who had commanded divine service to bee per- 
formed as it stoode appojuted by tiic Acts of Parlya- 
ment of this Realm), and published for the better un- 
derstanding th' intentions of y'^ sayd howse. 

6. WTien I saw these, and that they carryed a shew 
of relieving tender consciences who could not submit to 
some inocent ceremonies, I pray'd hartyly to God the 
true meaning of hym that sent them abroad were not* 
to make trj'aU whither they should not find obedience 
enough upon their owne strength to issue out and force 
us to submit to other commands of theirs. And I very 
well remember, beeing, after Michaelmas, 16il, at the 
Quarter Sessions, S' Edward Deering, then a Parlyament 
Man,wasasked two questions ; — 1'', If a Justice of Peace 
should take away y' goods of any man not prohibytcd 
by law y* keeping armor, whether he conceived that 
Order of y* Lords and Commons would save hym hai-m* 
lessc ] 2''', 'Whether those orders of the Howse, and 
Mr. Pym 'a upon them, were intended for n suspension 
of Divine service as it was then by law cstablisht, or 
onely to declare men should celebrate it as formerly, 

' a Joe. D. 6.— T. 
i.f. •• I jirayoJ heBiiily lo Gtxi tlial llie trui' nii^aiiiii;r of him Ll 



Sm ROGER TWYSDENS JOURNAt. 



according to the last words,' tyll farther order were 
taken ?— hut to nether of these would he deliver any 
positive answer ; onely. in general!, That the howse of 
Commons meant all good to the Protestant religion ; 
That he was not present when they past, so knewe no- 
thing more then he saw. 

7. But hee, poore Gentleman, beeing soone after cast 
out, hy experyeuce found how absolute the auctority 
of tliat howse was. And this beeing y* first knight of 
y" shire for Kent was ever ejected, bred much discourse, 
many affirming if they had a power by vote of excluding 
any one lawfully chosen, they could, in a very cssentiall 
(Toj-nt, alone alter y^ law, w"'' could not bee but by the 
King and the three Estates in Parlyament ; for every 
raan sitting there by law, the rcmoexing of hym must 
make a change of it. Beesides the thing itself might 
prove fidl of inconvenience ; for the Major part, if more 
factious, might put out the lesser, though the soberer, 
and so none admitted according to that of several! 
Counties, but by their owne opinions, who upon du- 
bious elections might please tliemselves, not the Coun- 
ties, in y choice. But I retume whense I have a Uttle 
wanderd. 

8. In Lent, 1640-1, sitting at the Assizes in Maydstone, 
on the Benche, the bill of six subsidies was given me, 

■ and tlie King's C-ommission under y" great seal for levy- 
ing of them, shewed me ; casting my eye upon it, I ob- 
served the Howse of Commons (for Lords I saw none) 
had named themselves and other Commissioners (called 
in former tymes Controulers)'' for y' levj-ing of them. 
That they were to bee payd, not in an ordinary way into 

B«nt tlicm itbrocid might not turn out, els I Biupt'irted it to be, merely to 
raako trial." etc. — Ed. 

' i.e. " To declare mon should pelebrat? it, as it used to bo before Laii J'h 
regulations witli regard to tbe altar aud its servieeB, which these liut Ri- 
■olutiona of the House might seem to imply." — £d. 

• Rot. Pari, at West,. No. 51; 13 Hen. IT. No. 9,— T. 



192 



Sm HoOEn TWTSDENS JOtTRNAI- 



the Exchequer, but Guiltlliall, to be issued thence by 
certajti Lonls and Commons named in the Act. 1 can 
not deny but, reading this, to have beene startled at it, 
and then agajn to have beene confirmed in my opinion 
our purses would bee shreudly searched. I rememberd to 
have scene many Petitions in Parlyament,' y' the mem- 
bers might not bee Assessors nor Controidlersof what they 
gave, but never any one to inable them to meddle w"" a 
peny of y" guift ; neither did they take upon them, at a 
tyme too the Parlyament was high enough.' the reward- 
ing their owne Clark or other, but by petitioning the 
King to doe it. Wee doe easily submit, in poynt of arbi- 
terment, to an other's judgment what will bee fit for us 
to give a thii-d ; but few 'will oblige themselfs to stand 
to what one thinks fit to receive himself. And whereas 
the Ephori iu Greece, the Tribuns in Rome, the Cura- 
tores in England (as Mat. Westminster seemes to tall 
them),^ did grapple to themselves what made their power 
insupportable, and proved in y* end their mine, so I con- 
fesse I apprehended the howse of Commons might grow 
no lesse bm-thensome to the people of this nation. 

9. And heere (if I may bee permitted to digi'esse a 
little) I dare boldly affi^rme in the auntieut way of sup 
plying the Prince by Parlayment tniely followed, there is 
the least possibylity of hm't to ensue to any particular 
person, and y"* most advantage to y' publick of any con- - 
stitution of State tyme did ever produce. The Commons 
(w*''out whom no law is) beeing trusted w"" tlie king- 
dome's purse, not to expend it themselves (for then their 
aymes might bee sometjmes extravagant, and they too 
lavish in their expences), but to give it an other, \vho by 
sworn officers did distribute it in y kingdonie's service, 
so as the guift comes absolutely to the Prince's CotFers w"' 

■ Hot. Pwl.22Ed.ra.No.24i 16 Ed. m.>V4a; UHfa.IV.No.lOj 
2 Bie. IT. at West,, No. 51 1 6 Hra. TV. No. 9. with Ahtm laoi*,— T, 

' Itot. I'm-l. 11 Riib. IT. No. 21 ; ride 21 Rle. 11. No. 70.-T. 

' Mut. West., ftiino l-aS. p. :t3«>28.— T. 



I 



SIR ROGEn TWTSDENS JOURNAL. 

out any considerable defalcation ; to w''' purjios I shall 
not unfitly remember the 51* of Ed. III.,' the Parlyament 
having graunted His Ma'^ an unnsuall Subsidy of 4^ per 
teste, and w^'all (the king old) desiring he would bee 
pleased to nominate h?o Earls and two Barons for the 
expending of what should bee thus collected (as like- 
wise of y guift of J* Cleargy and Tunnage and Pound- 
age) OH the King's wars, it fell into consideration, what 
might bee fit to alow y' foure for their attendance on 
the service, upon w**" it is recorded, I^es Goes se depnr- 
tirent de celte propos, ef prierenf qe le Ait kaut Tresorer 
feuat h Secever et Qnrdein al oeps des dites guerres eti. 
manere accomfume. 

10. And though upon a guift' the next Parlyament 
of two Fiefteenes and two Tenths His Ma'>, then young, 
was induced to assigne two Merchants of London for y'' 
beestowing of it upon hys wars, and not otherwise ; yet 
in that at Glocester' immediately following, the Com- 
mons desiring to see the accounts how it had beene ex- 
pended, in w'^'', though the King gave them satisfaction 
(of hys owne free mil, not as of right), yet he added, that 
it had beene never scene that, of subsidy or other graimt 
made to the Kmg, in Parlyament or out of Parlyament, 
account had beene ever rendered to y'' Commons or 
other, but only to y" King and hys officers.* 
• 11. And this constitution of the Commonwealth 
seemed to me built on very solid grounds of reason for 
the subjects' happynesse, in respect both of y' Prince 
and people; — of the King, because had y* Commons a 
power, as well in seeing how it were disposed, as in 
giving extraordinarj' supplies, it were not possible to 
avoyd questions, disputes, and unkinduoBso in y" laying 

' Hot. Porl. 51 Ed. m. No. la, 30. 21.— T. 
» Rot. Pari. 1 Kic. II. No. 37.— T. 
> Hot. Pari, al GloeestOT. 2 Eic. U.— T. 
' ' See j< case of Michael de la Polo. Bot, Pu-l. eii My Qi 
III. No. 22. 23, 27.— T, 



194 



snt wxtCB TWTsnwrs JonwAt- 



of it out br hjjD and hU officers as I niys>If saw tipoii 
y Act of 21 Jacobi, cap. («>). and that wry RoU of 
2* Ric, 2^ did plavnly manifest ; — on r" people's part, 
beecaase wheresoever they ha\'e any the least share, as 
well in dispensing as giving y* pahliqoe Treasure, the 
CommoDB are most insupportably bnrthenefl, as all Re- 
ptiblu|aes. and the present experience of our orrgfaboars 
sufficiently assure us. For, if the begituun^ of thone 
great Gabelles,' France (w*out hope of reliefe) gmi^peth 
Qoder, were not ISaC, whilst King John remaynod pfi- 
soner becre, and the French governed by the three e* 
tales fiist beegun, oertaynly they were then settded by 
ttieir auctority, which, about an hundred years afier, 
Cliarles j* VIL, by the assistans of the souldiary j-" 
helped hym in the expulsion of j* English oat of Nor- 
mandy and Guien, did first lay onely' by regall power. 
sweld now to that height, as what j' fermor pays the 
King is far more then what he doth y* Landlord. God 
of hj-s mercy avert Enghind from succeeding them in 
misery! 

12. — 1641. Upon these con^derations I was not w^out 
apprehension what the issue of things might bee ; but y* 
many good lawes then past persuaded me it «-as to no 
other intent then that was given (as one of them a.«sared 
me),might not goe into private courtiers' parses, but spent 

■ Sen FroiMBrd. la. 1. csp. 155, p. 180; Uat. VUlani. lib. 6. rap. IS; 
lib. 7, cap. 51 &Dil 53; Ub.8. <ra|>.38. Sir Boger uuerts the following ftote 
on tJit^ QFit pagenilbout ri'ri-n-D(-c, but it u evident that tliisulL« place to 
which ho bod ictcnilcd it (o he added : — 1356, whilst King John nrmayned 
hevre in priNon. " U coTcnuunenio del Ke&me di Franeia, era ridotio n txv 
Stati, cio i- Prelati. Saroni. e JJorgheai, i quali tonieoo il consiglio, et deli- 
bcravono ijacHo volicno chc Del Beame ai faeeMe. ct il Delphino ri (oost-a- 
tira. ..,11 Propoeto di Parigi col laroK del pupolo ruppe <iiiell(i ordino ; 
e rvc& il ((crrmarnGtitn di Parigi alle muii de Borgbmt, ccUiudeadonc pri- 
ma i Daroni <■ pMeia i Pmlati, e per estempio di costnro eota fwiono I'aJtrv 
rille ili Picanlia, e d'altrc Proviurie del U^ame. Et qui coToDiiiu'iu I'odtD 
da gentili baomini al popolo." — Mat. Villmi. Hist. Ub. S, vap. 38. — T. 

' ComtDKs, lib. ft, rap. 7 oditionis DIODisii Sanva^, 1 580, et in nliia rap. 
120.— T. 



SIR ROGER TWTSDEN8 JOURNAL. 

as designed ; so, as becing one nominated by them, I did 
the best lay in me for collecting the guift, or rather, 
assessing of it, though after I found us mistaken, never 
any prince making greater excesse in rewards then they 
to each other. 

13. Some while after, hearing of the perpetuating the 
Parliament, The Earl of Strafford's execution by a private 
law (vf^ yet no other judge was to take for a rule), No 
other declaration of hys treason but Mr. Sollicitor's argu- 
ment, of which before, n. 2, I cannot deny but I beegan 
to bee much troubled, and resolved to sequester myself 
from anything of publick so much as lay in ray power, re- 
mem bring a 8a)ingof my father's, "Bene vivit qui bene 
latet" And that I might give no offence, resolved, as 
occasion should sen'e, to goc bceyond j* Seas, for ivliich 
purpos I had provided me of a passe, which I kept by 
me, 

14. That which troubled me in my Lord's execution 
ivas. that if penall Statutes, even those concenied Trea- 
son, might be expounded, not according to the letter, 
but by equity, I did not see any man could bee certajTi 
not to bee impeached of Treason ; and j* clause in y'' 
25 Etl. S*", That the Justicess hould not determine any 
thing to bee treason not in it spccyfyed, tyll it were de- 
clared by Parlyament.' to bee absolutely inverted ; that 
being (as 1 understood it) au answer lo the Commons, 
and for y' securing of them in future, in respect some 
had dyed, as they shewde, for that they imderstoode not 
to bee Treason ; upon w''' the King enumerates what 
should bee so reputed, and for their safety in tyme to 
come, that none might pretend ignorance, added this, 
" Qe si autre case suppose treison qe n'est especifietz par 
" ai'ant avegne de novel de\ant ascuns Justices, demoerge 
" le Justice sanz aler a jugement de Treison tanqe devant 
" nostre Seig' le Roy et son Parlement soit le cas raonstre 

' i.r. St-emcd to be nbaoliitcly inroMed, — Ed. 



196 



Sre ROGER TWYSDEITS JOITWAL. 



" et declare lequel ce doit estrc ajuge treieon ou autre 
" Felonie." 

15. The perpetuating the howsea I did ever looke at 
as the second port of the xxx tjTants of Athens {of whom 
Xenophon), that would never end unlesse foreced ; men 
in auctority doe not easyly quit that they have possest 
themselves of, and genei-jdly looke ratlier at wluit may 
confirme their power, then tlie partj-cular good of those 
that trusted thera. and Av'''out whom, perliaps, they had 
not ascended to that pytch. Tlie Consuls and Senat at 
Rome were not at first lesse burthensome then their 
Kings ; the Ephori of Lacedemon and the Roman Tri- 
buns beecame so. I dare boldly say there is no example 
in History of any temporarj' Court, hanng a perpetuity 
annexed to it, that did ever end but necessitated;' and 
I think few now doubt this late Parlyameut would ever 
have set a period to their sitting, had there beene a 
lesse powerfull SoUicitor then my Lord Protector, to 
whom this nation is infinitely bound for seeing it con- 
cluded.^ 

16. For avoyding the inconveniences a Republick 
meets w"", the vrisest have prescribed no nde of better 
efiect then to have not any Officer of long continuance ; 
but as Tully^ says, that he w^'' obeys may hope to go- 
veme, he y* rules expect in short to bee ruled; and there- 
fore that of Livy* ivith tliem is most true, to have no 
great officer reraayn long in a place ; of w*'' Tiberius,* in 
Tacitus, gives the reason, beecanse men mil bee proad 
though annually chosen. I remember that in Dio,^ the 

' i.e. Till it was nei'eaBitateii. 

' Thia last feoteiii-'i;, nrti-m-nrtU added, t. Cromwell.— Ed. 

* Cicero do Lrgibus, lib. 3, fol. 184 b, 185 a, edilionis Aldin. Vrnel. 15 Ui. 



— T. 






" Maxima lilwrtBtiB niBtodia, 
liv. Ub. ir.— T. [irap. 24.] 

* " Buporbiunt boitiines etiun annuH designationo 
quiiuiuuiuiiuiii agitcnt, oto." (Tacit. Annal. ii.)— T. 

* Dii), lib. 44, in priiioipio; otSenecs de Beneflciis, lib. 8,c«p. 20, "Opti 
inuM inTitntia stntus tub Bcge jiuto." — T, 



magna iniperia diulurua n 

quid si hoaores pvr 



I 



SIR ROGER TffTSDENfi JOURNAL. 

name of a popular government to bee specious, but the 
effect nothing answerable ; on j* other side, Monarchi- 
chall, to carry an harsh sounde, but moat conduceable to 
the people's weale ; agreeing w"' Seneca, tliat cities doe 
most flouiTsh under just princes. And that hee should 
bee so w"' us ; our ancestors had framed very good lawes, 
and given the officers by whom justice was administred 
excelent instructions, the well executing of w^*" were of 
better consequence for j* people's ease, then to be com- 
manded by paper Ordinances, and votes to bee inter- 
preted by themselves, not the s^vom Judges, w''' I con- 
fesse I apprehended as the most arbytrai'y goveniment 
imaginable, and y' would introduce the greatest misery 
to such as lay in subjection imder it. 

17. 'l"he lOth of May, 1041, the King gave his assent 
to that fatall byll for perpetuating the Parlyament;' 
sooue after W'' the Commons beegan to think of bailing 
Bishops from voting in the House of Peeres. I remem- 
ber I told S' Juhn Finch, who spake to me of it, I did 
fear that was but a step to take away their function ; to w^'' 
his answer was an as-siu-ance there would bee no consider- 
able part of the howse for that; and to speak tmth, 
tliey were generally so great ath'ancers of Prerogative (iv** 
an English Prince may better exercise, then taulk of) as 
joyning w"' y* Privy Councell sundry tymes, they were 
thought to sway y' Lords, not w"' so much an eye to 
the Countrie's good as the ICing's interest. Cardinall 
Bentivoglio^ holds the Crown in Scotland would get no 
small advantage if the King could again restore Bishops 
to the Parlyament. But soone after I found it was not 
so much y men as their lands were faulty. 

18. But beefore hys Ma'^ gave his consent for taking 
away their votes out of j-* Lords howse,^ another contest w"' 

' la Uic margin of tUo MS. here Sir Boger writes : — " Iniliuiu miilonim 
noBlroruRi. 10 May. IMl," — Ed, 

« IWUlionc drib Suto flella Rcligione in Sootia. p. 229— T, 

• It is MivJ Kiiif! Clmrles aubgcriUctl the liyll for tukiof; anny v' Votoa iif 



190 



SIR KOGEK TWTSDESS JOCBS.U- 



bym beegan about the ^Cilitia, w^ he denved absolatvly 
the patting into their hands, after the manner they re- 
quired it.' The last clause of which was that such as 
did not obey their commands ^ould answer their neg- 
lect or contempt iu a ParfyanwNtaiy way, and not othei^ 
wise. This desire of theirs was apprehended by some, 
and very grievous to many, who observed that giving 
moering originally from y Commons, they of late had 
gayned an interest in disburang )■• gaift ; if they should 
now that of arming and punisliing. they had in effect all 
y* rights of Soveraignit)-, the people under an abenlute 
arbitrary voting TjTany ; That this was the imitation of 
the TjTants of Athens, to get ati army for their defence; 
that it was to make themsehes lords of all wee had, by 
gi^-ing, expending, punishing by votes variable as best 
liked themselves. That of Tacittis' was rememhred, 
"Odium et in\idiam apud multos valere," and of y* 
Councell of Trent,* that in those great assemblies, for y 
differing aymes men brought, it was cot allways j* best 
opinion had j* most voyces, and the opponent bad ever 
an advantage of the proponent. 

19. And these men did more admire when the 1 of 
March,* 1G41-2, both Howaes did protest, if hys Ma*» 
should not give them satisfaction, the dangers and dis- 
tempers of y" Kingdome were such, they should bee 
inforccd to dispose of the Militia after the same maimer 
had beene propounded to his Ma'^ and they resolved 
to doe it accordingly. By w*"" men observed how easy 
their minds were changed, to see those very men, who 

BisbopB in y' ^rj house where ;■ Christian religion was first preached, 
v'lt. St, AoRUstin's by Cant.— T. 

' Collect, of Orders, p. 80, torn. L— T. 

' Tacit. Annal. 3.— T. 

' '■ Per la vnricla dcllo opiiiioni et iDtcresii, ^ dilEirilG ridur tnnti in un, 
psTprpwc bi^ii bnoiic ; lit niiigKioTB inrto viiiw- b mt'gliorci. et clii «'ui>poae 
hn leinpru tLvnulagiu cho olii promovc." (Hist. ConeiL Tridcul. lib. vj, p. 
610, " Oil AmbttscinUiri," islil. I>tind,) — T, 

• CoUwt. of Ordcni. ton., i. p. 83.— T. 






SIR itOOEH TWTSDBN's JOURNAL. 199 

in a IX'claration, not fully three months before,' did 
avow all tliey had (!one to have beene for hys Ma*"** 
fjn^atacase, honor, nnd support ; and, a little aftur, that 
they had beene ever carefull not to have desired any 
thing might weaken the Crowne, eyther in just proffit 
or usefiill power, and who, y" 31 of December,' affirmed 
themselves ready to spend the last drop of their blood 
to mayntayn hys Crctwne and Royall person in greatnesse 
and glory,now to tell hym they will dispose of the strength 
of y" Idngdome without hym, when certaynly no more 
usi;full ])ower can pertayn to Ma'>', then not to have a 
people punished by a law to w"'' he assents not, nor any 
thing more against the honor and greatness of a Mon- 
arch then to deprive hym thus of tht? Protection he 
owes hys subjects. On these considerations, I know, 
many held it a thing of dangerous consequence to have 
men punisht by orders of y' Howses interpreted by them- 
selves, w""" thing 1 myself afterward had a sufBcient ex- 
peryment of. 

20. And from hjTice the Royalists %vill have the rise 
of our miseries to have sprung ; as, not taking that Prince 
to bcegin y war that first arms hymself, but he that 
doth (and persists in it) the first so apparent injury as 
the other can have no possible way of redressing it 
but force, nor any means to maynteyn himself and 
his but war. Now if it were y* right of the King, no- 
thing to bee ligatory w"'out hys assent, hys subjects to 
have no law imposed on them but such Acta as hjin- 
self gives way to, and the bowses would the contrary, 
enforcing men to raise arms on a pretence of a neces- 
sity W'* it was not easy to find, the kiiigdonic w"'out an 
enemy abroad, in firme jjcace at home, no styr imagina- 
ble, unless from the jiapist (as they suggested),^ whose 
number and depressions made them sccme rather con- 

■ Colleit. of C3rd.-r». t>. Hi— T. 
' Collect, of (.>rdcn, torn, i p. 07. 




200 



SIB BOGEB •niTSDKS« JOUBSAL, 



temptible then to be dreaded, or tho scismatick by them 
countenanced and wlioly at their sway, I ca'i not see 
what they say is without reason. That w^ wrought 
most on me was one clause in hys ila"" speeche at 
Newmarket, the 9"' March, 1641-2, where in he urged 
them to say whither he had refused to passe any one 
bylle for the ease and securjty of the subject, adding: 
" I doe not aske what yoa have done for me," intimating 
they had done nothing. This made me apprehend {as 
y event proeved) the necessity of an army was no other 
but an opinion hya MatJ might by force stopjie their 
proceedings in some courses there was then an intent 
of acting. But w"' these particulars I have not heere 
tooke on me to meddle, farther then to shew in what 
a conjuncture of tyme I went to the Assizes at Mayd- 
Btone. 

21. Whither I came on Twesday, the 21" March, 
1641-2, the Assizes beeginning the next day, the onely 
Judge, S' ITiomas Mallet, having beene there two days 
beefore, whom 1 went to see that night, and by chance 
met w"' S' George Strode' going thither too ; so together 
wee came to hym, found tliere S' John Sedly' and some 
other Justices of Peace, who, leaving hym, left us that 
came last to follow them, w*"" wee quickly did, nothing 
having passed there but common di8coiu*se. 

22. Having stayd a while w"' him, wee tooke our 
leave, and went to the Inne, where wee found all the 
Justices of peace sate at supper, and in a dwcourse of a 
Petition lately deliverd by H' Michael Livesy,^ w''' some 
seemed to niislike, as having expressions not agreeing 
w"" the sense of the C'ounty, in w^'' 1 tooke notice of no 
man more earnest than S^ John Sedly of S' Cleere. 

' or SqiicrriM. in WnBtorhatn. — Ed, 

• Of St. Cleros, in Tglitliwn.— Ed. 

* Of Emit Cliurcli. iii tiieixIaiKlofShi'ivy, Up was one of the Bcgicido 
Judffc*- ■ittinK ii|>on tlie trial, nnil eigiiiug tUc (li-nlli-wurauluriJio Kin;[. 
He look ■ promiiipril pnri in nil the [iroccedingR of itic I'urliummt. — Kv. 



Sra BOGER TWT8DBN 8 JOUHNAI^ 



AVhat the petition was I can not say, oncly this in gene- 
rdU. After the King's accusation of y Lord Kimbolton 
and the five Members on y third of January beefore, 
and the Howse of Commons declaring His Mat^ to have 
proceeded illegally therein, most adjacent Counties were 
styr^ up to petition the two Howses for vindicating their 
liberties, exagerating y fact as a publick injury in 
which every man waa concerned ; and though, question- 
lesse, this originally proceeded from some Members of 
the howse of Commons (for I remember going one day 
to London, I overtooke about Detford, towards S' Tho- 
mas hys Watring, divers of Sussex going on that errand, 
of whom T enqujTed, seeing them in numbers, whither 
they went ; they told me, " to petition the Parlyamcnt ;" 
T asked, for what ; to w''' one rcplyed so as I perceived 
they did not particularly know themselves, but that the 
petition was fi-ametl allrcadj- in towne. they were onely 
to deli\'er it when it should bee printed, and I might 
see it y next day), 

23. I never doubted the trewe and reall intent of the 
Parlyament, in encouraging men to this, was to see y' 
strength of their jmrty and intimidate the King, then in 
y* North. Now tliat w^'' came from Kent had beene 
delivered by S' Micfiael Livesy, which some did not ap- 
prove, and of it they were in discourse when wee came ; 
and upon it, one sayd, if they misliked what had beeue 
done, it were not amisse now to draw such all might 
assent unto, w''' motion was generally approved. If I 
forgot not, 1 asked what the subject of it should bee ; 
to w'^'' was ahswerd, " According as y Countrj- should 
make knowne tlieir greevances to V' Grand Jury." And 
this is J* first, for ought I know, any man heai'd of pe- 
titioning ; this is y'' effect of what tliere passed at table 
of note couceniing the Petition. 

24. Supper becing ended wee wont a sunder, it bee- 
ing too early to goe to bed, S' Kdward Dt-ring, S' George 



202 



sin R0GI5R TWTSDENS JOUTWAl. 



Strode, imd my self, w**" Mr. Richard Sponcei-,' to Iiya 
lodging, where I spake of what had past, and not long' 
after, in came Mr. Blount," y' lives about Greenwitch-, 
By us many things were propounded aa worthy a place in 
it; amongst others, I remember I spake of y" great 
licence y° howse of Commons then tooke in ejecting] 
members and declaring unknownepri\'iIedges; but these, 
as what might give offence, were layd aside, and it wa» 
held nothing was fit to bee inserted might justly dis- 
tast eyther howse. 

25. The next day th' Assizes beegan, and y' Jadgey 
at an oportunc tyme, eyther on hys owne inclination, 
considering y^ present distempers, or moeved by som& 
other, told them, in other parts gentlemen of good ao* 
courapt served in the Grand Jury ; he would neyther 
command nor persuade any to the service, onely thought 
fit to acquaynt them w^'' it. Upon w""", after some small 
demur, divers embracing y*^ mottiou were returned, the 
first of whom was S' Edward Bering. Now I shall d^ 
sire any one to consider, whither this Petitioning was 
likely to have beene on designe of saying ought might 
misiike the Parlyament, when Sir Ed. Dering waa 
y"^ foreman ; and whether wee, in likelyhood, were so 
absolute fooles as not to have dissuaded his mediing 
w"' the charge, could we have mistrusted hya beeing o^ 
it, w"' an intent of doing what they approeved not, beor 
ing a person against whom (as beeing lately secluded 
by y- Commons) some exceptions might lye ; but oul 
intcgiity was such, we never apprehended any tiling oi 
that nature ; and, for my o\vne particular, 1 knewe 
little whither there would bee any petitioning or not 

' TLe Hon. Eichnrd Spencer, ol' Orpington, tliird aon of Bobert fin| 
Lord Spencer, of WormleiKliton. — Ed. 

^ Since ealted Colouell Blunt, a, f;rcat Bticblcr for y' two houiies g 
Pai'l"'. — T. He vioB tlic principal informer of tLe prooecdinge at Sloid 
Hlouo, (Uk ovuouiit of wliiult Le gavo in cvideueo al tlie Bar of tLu Honse^ 



SIR ROGEn TwraoKi s joma'AL. 



203 



as upon Wcusday.at noone, old S' Henry Palmer ask- 
ing me, 1 told hym truly I did not know. 

26. Yet, that very day, towards night, S'' Edwaixl 
Dering and his associates came to the Judge w"' cer- 
tayn bills of y" Assize, and, w"'ail, acquayntcd hym and 
the rest of y* Bench the mshes of divers were to peti- 
tion the Pari"' from these Assizes, as other parts had 
done ; that if we y' sate there were willing to joyn w"" 
them they should goe forward, otherwise leave it of. 
To w"'' Mr. Justice Mallet made answer, this was that 
did not at all conceme him as Judge of th' Assize, that 
he would leave them to consider of it w"' j* Justices of 
the Peace, and so, having no partner, went immediately 
to try causes in the other Court, the others casyly as- 
senting to y" motion, and he after was committed to y'' 
Tower for not opposing it.' 

27. Amongst us, the question grewe. who should draw 
this Petition. It was concluded (truly upon my motion) 
the Grand Jury should nominate some of y" Bench, 
and they some of y* Grand Jury, to consider and doe it. 
Up(m W^''. such as were chosen of eyther side went 
together in a private lodging, of w^'' number I myselfe 
was one, wliere were presented unto us divers heads, 
of w*^'' some were approved, some corrected, others ex- 
punged. I remember that in the second period, "for 
y" children of Papists to have beene brought up in the 
reformed religion," to have beene added on S' John Sed- 
ley's motion (perhaps the hardest and least justitiable 



' '■Tlii8Pytilioa,"BayBClarondoii, ' was communit-Hted liy many to their 
friiiuils, and copies tliereorseot abroad bcrorc lliB Subscription nas ready, 
whereupon tho House of Peers took iiiitiru of it, us tending to some 
commotion in Eent ; and in the Debate, the Earl of Brintol tuking no- 
tioo ' that be had seen a Copy of it. and had had some conforencp about 
it with JuJ^ Uallet,' who n-aa thou Judge of Assize in Kent, and uenly 
retnni'd out of his Circuit, both tlu? Earl and the Judge, for having but seen 
tliu Petition. wt>re prtisoiitly ooniinitl«d to the Tower, aod a. Dei^kratiou 
puhlishtsl. ■ ihnt none should i>ri.-suine to dilivor that, or tlie like PetilioD. 
lo either Houae.' " (Clorenduu'a ■ Hist, of tht- Rebelbon,' book r. p. 382. 
folio edit. 17M.)— Ed. 



204 SIB ROGER TWTJeDBK'S JOVKSKU 

clause in j- whole). The rest in generall Rgrectle upon, 
ccrtayn gentlemen were nominated to meet« after supijcr, 
it beeing now evening, to draw them in to y* forme of a 
Petition. I was one of them, but could not attend the 
service, beeing my self y' night very ille. CJoing to my 
lodging through tho Star, I met Mr. Blount of Black- 
heath, whom I perceived not satislj-ed w"" y' was intended, 
and he was the onely pcrwm I had eeene so. 1 diffenl 
w"" hym, but in w"" particular I can not now call tn mind ; 
yet I was after, as I remember, questioned upcm it. 

28. That night the Petition was drawne, but by whome 
can not of certayn affirme. The next day, hearing it 
wa-s concluded, I went w"' Mr. Spencer to y Grand 
Jurj', desiring such as had it remayning w^ them would 
shew it us. that wee might as well agree to the expres- 
sions as the heads. Upon w''', all to whom the dramng 
of it was committed met at a private howse in the 
towne. where it was considered of and past, not w*"" 
out alterations. I shall onely remember two :— l**, in 
the fourth head, where it is sayd, " Eplscopall govern- 
ment had beeiie deduced and dispersed through all y* 
Christian world." it was thought fit, by reason of what 
Gemndonsis writes, of some parts of Spajni not mlrait- 
ting Bishops, to change the word " through all "' to 
" throughout " the Christian world, ij'^. In y* 12 licad, 
it was desired. " no order of eyther nr both bowses might 
bee enforced on y* subject;" this, beeing conceived some 
limitation, wasfeai-ed might be misliked, and ^vas there- 
fore thus qualified, "That no order of eyther or both 
howscs, not grounded on the laws of y' land," etc. 

20. In sliort, there was not ought excepted against 
by any person whatsoever but was at this meeting 
amended, and a resolution taken to propound it next 
day publiquely in y' County, that if it wer liked it 
might bee delivered, w^"" was done. Augustine Skinner,' 
one of y' knights of y" shire, present, and shewing no 
' Ih the margin here Sir RoffBr nrilo. " SS Uonih. 1643." — Angutino 



SIR BOGEH TWTSDEn'S JOtTRSAL. 



distast at it ; and there again it reccyvcd alterations. 1 
shall instance in one : In the third period, where the so- 
lemne Liturgj' of our Church was sayd " to have beene 
celebrious by the piety of Holy Bishops and Martyrs 
who composed it." to w''' was added (follo\ving the statute 
2'' and 3'^ Ed. 6"' cap. 1), " by the ayd of f Uoly Ghost." 
This was excepted against, as what at this tjinc might 
give offence. It was thought fit, therefore, to exclude the 
expression. After all w^'', it beeing agreede unto nemhie 
contradicente (and the Country expressing their desires 
for the expediting of it, to have us repayr to Captayn 
Skinner, Knight of the Shire, then present, and pro- 
mising not only hys forwarding of it in y' howse, but 
seeming to approve what had past), there grcwe a ques- 
tion whither this petition should be represented from 
the County to y' King, then at York. I declared ray- 
self against it, as beeing for y most what wee hoped, 
by the howse 's intercession, to obtaj-n of hys Ma'-\ Thus 
it was then finished; Yet, for that nothing humane is 
so perfect at first it can receive no amendment, tyme 
was taken tyll y' next Quarter Sessions after Eaater, 
then to retract, correct, delete any thing in it, if y Jus- 
tices in their severall Di\isions should find ought gene- 
rally misliked, or the Countrj' then publikely disclayme 
and disavoue what was thus assented to. 

30. Heere, if' the people doe not chuse Knights and 
Burgesses (of whose power somewhat heereafter) w*"" an 
intent to redrcsse their grievances by lawca, and not to 
bee absolutely the Lords and Masters of their judgments, 
as well in what is amisse, as obedience to the laws they 
shall establish ; I should bee glad to learn how a County 
could po8«ibly petition in a more regular, orderly, inof- 

Skinaer waa of TotMliam, Id Ea^t FarleiKh, &nd on Sir Edward Dering's 
eipulBiun, hud beni BuksHtuled for bim u Knight of the ahire. — Ed. 

' Either "if" is intendt-d to bo n»cd in the sense of "even if," — "oven 
iiippoiinK that tho people didn(itcJiooso."et«., or "not" should beon)itt«d. 
arul the aentenco akoiild run thiu. " if the people choose." etf. — Ed. 



20G 



SIR liOGEH TWTSDENS JOCRNAL. 



fensive way ; but for a jirivate man, tlrawne into y* seiv 
vice, w^'' an intent onoly to doe it in a peaceable, humblfl 
manner, for such a purjios onely. relinquisht too, beeinfj 
raisliked by those men by whom he was represented, 
have all hee hath taken away by a forced equitable co* 
struction of a penall law, made "post factum," is, 1 thinlc; 
without paralel in Europe, though in tymes and by Court! 
of Justice, the most TjTannicall. But beecause the world 
may see what this so heynous petition did conteyn, 
shall heere set it down verbatim, as it was agreede upoi 
at Maydstone, y' 25 March, 1642. 

31. To the hon''" howse 'if Commons, the humble Peti 
tion of y* Gentry, Ministers, and Cominonally of til 
County of Kent, agrocde upon at the generall Assizi 
of that county. 

Most humbly aheweth, 

That wee con not but take notico how welcome to thii 
hon'''' bowse many Petitions have beene, W'' yet came not fron 
an asseaibled body of any County, as this doth, wee doe hope 
find as gentle and aa favorable reception of this as any otht 
have found of their Petitions, our barta witnessing unto ns 
good, as peaceable, and as pious purposes as the best. Theses 
therefore the true and the ardent desires of the County, 

i. First, you will pleas to accept our due and liarty thank 
for those exelent lawoa w'*' by hya Ma''" grace and goodnesfl 
you have obteyned for ua, 

ij. Secondly, that all lawes against Papists bee put in c 
execution, and accompt taken of their disarming ; and that 
children of Papists may bee brought up in the reformed religio* 

iij. Thirdly, that the solemne Liturgy of the Church of Bug 
land, celebrious by y" Pyety of holy Bishops and Martyrs " '^^ 
composed it, — estabUshed by y" supream law of y° land,- 
tested and approved by y" best of all forraign divines ; coi 
firmed w"' subscription of all the Ministry of this land, a CI 
aa learned and as able as any in the Christian world, enjoyi 
and w''' an holy love embraced, by y" most and best of all i 
Layety ; — that this holy exercise of our religion may by your aw 
toryty bee enjoj'ed quiet and free from intciTuptious storm 
prophanatious, threats, and force of such men who dayly ^ 



sra BOQER TwrspEn's jounsAi.. 207 

deprave it, and neglect the iiao of it in diverse clmrches, in 
despite of the lawoa ostnblislied. 

iiij. Foortlily, that EpiHCOpall government, as acntipnt in this 
[s1and as Christianyty itself, deduced and dispersed throiigliout 
the Christian world even from y" Apostolical! tjme, may bc- 
preeerved as the most pious, most prudent, and most sale go- 
vernment for the peace of the Church. 

V. Fifthly, that all differences concerning religion and Cere- 
monies may he referred to a lawful!, free, national! Synode, 
and, as your Remonstrance' promiseth, a General Synod of most 
grave, learned, pinus, and judicious divines, the proper Agents, 
whose Interests, guifts, and callings may quicken them in that 
great worke, whose choise to bee by all y° Cleargj' of the land, 
beecause nil y° Cleargy are to be bound by their resolutions ; 
and y* determinations of this SjTiod to hjoid us all, when you 
have Bi'st formed them into a law ; and this we take to bee ac- 
cording to y'' auutiout fundamental! Lawes of this land, con- 
firmed by Magna C'harta. 

vi. Sixthly, that some speedy and good provision may bee 
made, as by hys Ma'^ hath bcene, and is by all good men de- 
sired, against y' odious and abominable scandal! of scismaticall 
and seditious sermons and pamphletts, and some severe lawo 
made against Laymen for daring to arrogate to themselves, 
and to ejcerciae the holy function of y' Ministry, who some of 
them do sowe their impious discontented doctrines even in sa- 
cred places, by abuse of sacred Ordinances, to y° advancing 
of Heresy, scisme, prophanesse, Libertiniaame, Anabaptisme, 
Atheism e. 

vij. SeventUy, that if the coercive power of Ecc!esiastica!l 
Conrts, by way of Excommunication, be allready abrogated, or 
sliall bee thought fit so to bee, that there may bee some other 
power and auctoryty speedyly established for the suppressing of 
the heyuous and now so much aboanding sinna of Incest, Adul- 
tery, Fornication, and other Crimes, and for y* recovering ol' 
Tyihes, Repayring of Churches, Pi-obat« of Wills, Church as- 
sesses, and providing of Bread and wine for y' Communion, 
and choyce of Churcliwardena and other offycei-s in y° Church, 
and eapecyally for Ministers who neglect the colel)rating of y" 
lioly Communion, and of Parishioners for not receiving, 

' Eeraonstnmii' to y King, 15 Deoetnlicr, 1641, of j* stale of y king- 
dom. Collect, of OrJere. toro. i„ p, 19. — T. 



208 siK ROGEn twtsden's JonnNAL. 

viij. Eightly, that the profcBBora of that learned faculty of y* 
Civil Law, withont w^ this Kingdorae cannot but sutfer mauy 
inconvenyencea, may not find discouragement, and so desert 
their studies and professions. 

ix. Ninthly, that honor and profit, the powerful! incourage- 
ments of industry, learning, an3 piety, may bee preserved, w"" 
out any farther diminution, to the Cleargy, 

X. That yon please sadly to consider the bleeding wounds of 
our bretheren in Ireland, and w"' speedy succoura indeavour to 
preserve them, whereunto hys Ma'^ hath promised a gratious 
concurrence. 

xj. Eleventhly, that you please to firamo an especiall law for 
the regulating y" Militia of this kingdom, bo that the subject 
may know how at once to obey both hys Ma''" and the howsea 
of Parliament, a law whereby may be left to y" discretion of 
governors aa httle as may bee j but that the number of Arms, 
and what measure of punishment shall boe inflicted on offenders, 
may bee expressly set downe in y'^ Act, and not loft to any arby- 
trary power ; and that, according to y' presidents of former 
lawcB, the ofi^enders may not bee tryed out of y° County. 

xij, Twclfly, that the pretious Liberty of the subject, the 
Common birth-right of every Englishman, may bee, as in all 
other poynts preserved intire, so in this allso ; That no order of 
eyther or both howses, not grownded on y' Lawca of y" Land, 
may bee enforced on the subject, untill it bo fully enacted by 
Parly anient. 

xiij. Thirteonthly, that hys Ma"" gratious message of the 20**" 
of January last, fory' present and future cstabliBhment of the 
priviledge of Parlyament, the free and quyat enjoying of our 
estates and fortunes, the Liberties of our persons, the secari^ 
of the trwe religion professed, the mainteyning of hys Mat*" 
just and royall auctoryty, the establishing of hys revenue, may 
boe taken into speedy consideration : the effecting whereof will 
satisfy the desires of all us hys faithful! and loving subjects. 

xiv. Fourteenth, that all possible care may bee taken that y* 
native commodities of the kingdomc may have a quick vent; 
and that clothing and other manufactures may bee improved, 
wherein the livelyhood of many thousands doe consist ; And that 
trade may bee so balanced that the importation doe not ex- 
ceode y' exportation, w^'' otherwise will in tymo prove the c 
sumption of y' kingdome. 



SIB ROGER TWYSDEys JomKAt. 



209 



XV. Piefteenth, that yon pleas to frame some lawes concern- 
ing depopulations, pourveyance, Cart-taking, delayes in Justice, 
Traffick, Fishing on the coast, fulling earth, that our sea Porta 
may bee repayred, and our Magazines renewed, 

xvj. Sixteenth, that you pleas to consider the generall poverty 
that seemes to overgrow the Land. 

ivij. Lastly, we humbly beeseech yon to consider the sad 
condition that wee and the whole land are in, if a good under- 
standing bee not speedyly renewed beetween hys Ma'^ and the 
howaea of Parlyament. 

Our hopes are yet above our fears ; secure them wee 
beseech you. God direct and blesse your consultations 
for y* remoeving of all distrusts and jealousies, and for 
renewing that tye of conlidenco and trust w'*" is the 
highest happinesse beetween a most gratioua Prince, and 
US his loving people. 

And you shall have the dayly prayere of your bumble 
Orators y' Commons of Kent." 
It is desired that whosoever doe deliver forth any copy, that 
he doe testyfy the same to bee a trwe Copy. 

For y" expediting this Petition, it is desired that the gentle- 
* men in their severall Divisions doe agree upon one amongst 
themselves, to receive y° Copies of all these Petitions, and all 
Bubscriptiona, beetweene this and Easter Sessions at Mayd- 
stone ; and that all y* Gentry of Kent doe meete at Blackheath, 
on Fryday morning, the 29th of Aprill, at nine of y" clock, in 
the morning, at the farthest, from thence to accompany this 
petition to the bowse. 

This was all publiquely read, agreed unto, and concluded, at 
the Assizes at Maydstone, on the 25 March, 1642. 

32. This is all that past at Maydstone, w^'' I have set 
downe with every particular, y' after tymes (if at least 
this should outlive y" present age) may judge whither 
the offence was of y' transcendency, it were fit to cause 
any man, not otherwise culpable, to bee in sequestration 
(worse then a Premunire) to lye under a tedious and 
chai^able imprizonment, and whether nu'' 12 and 13 
may not deserve consideration in Parlyament for secur- 
ing y* subject in future. For my part I will not heere 

vol., I. p 



210 



SIR ROGER TWTSDENS JOCBNAL. 



call heaven nor earth to witnesae (for they that will no( 
credit mee otherwise, will not doe it on these Protest* 
tions) I saw nothing of ille in this petition. Neither had 
I other intent in y' assenting to it then that there mighi 
bee a fayr intelligence beetweene the King and the two 
howaes, by their complying w"' hys Ma'>, w"'out evei 
trying who was strongest, and the subject governed b| 
Lawes, not by arbitrary revokable \'otes, Orders, or 0^ 
dinancea w''' I did apprehend as a thing of great cois 
cemment, yet what I feared, if y^ difference coutinewed 
might bee forced on us, and saw no probable way of pra 
venting but by letting them understand a considerabll 
part of )'* Idngdome did not like to bee so ruled. 

33. Yet I did not think this a petition no man would 
except against. There are severall men, and they wil] 
have severall minds whilst wee are on earth, and y* do 
sires and reasons of all are to bee weighed by those t( 
whom it properly beelongs to give remedy, elce I kuof 
not how to give the name of a Court of Justice to at 
howse of Commons, if it admit the desires and reasoa|j 
of such onely as goe w"" their sense to bee heard : buti 
of this heereafter. 

34. On Saturday y* 2Q^ of March, S'' Henry Vane, J 
elder,' then at FajT Lane, sent unto mee to dyne W 
h}Tn. The next day I car)ed w"" me a Copy of the P< 
tition ; for being retyrcd home from th' Assizes, I ha 
caused some to be draune and dispersed to my acquaa 
tance, subscribing them according to the resolution thea 
taken ; one of these I carj'ed w'^ me and proffered U 
James.^ who refused to accept it, and gave some reason 
He was y*^ first y' I met w"', beeing a pereon of int( 
grity and judgment, that did not approve it. I did thei 
professe I woidd not have joyned in it did I conceit 

' The celebrated Treasurer, nbosc seat wa^ FairltLivn, in Wrotham ; hi 
was cousin-gonnan to Sir Roger. — Ed. 
• Of the Court Lodge, Ightliam.— Ed. 



SIS ROGER TWTSDENS JOURNAL. 211 

any word in the whole against y* good of y^ kingdome, 
or y' could justly offend y' howse of Commons. I re- 
member one thing he excepted against was y* not giving 
the howse enough expressions of thanks, but turning 
them w*!" reflection on y King for the good Lawes had 
beene lately past ; w''' was done, not to derogate any 
thing from them, but tojojn both together, in respect 
the law hath an especiall eye on y* King in making of 
it See Fitzherbert, Error 8. 

35. Upon the 29th of March, beeing at my howse' 
in Kent, never expecting any such thing, I was arrested 
by an Order of the howse of Commons, bearing date 
y day beefore, dyrected thus :■ — 

"To Jolin Hnnt, Esq', Serjeant at Arms, attending on y' 
Bayd Howse, hys Deputy or Deputies : — 

By vortae of an Order this day made by the howae of 
Commons, These nre to wiil and require yon, your Deputy or 
Deputies, fortliwith to make repayr to y several] abodes or 
dwellings of S' Edward Dering, Kn' and Baronet, S' George 
Stroode, Kn', Richard Spencer, Esq', and S' Roger Twyaden, 
and them, there, and elsewhere, to apprehend, and bring bee- 
fore y* saj-d howae, as Delinquents, to answer auch matters as 
shall be objected against them, and every of them. And for 
your BO doing, this shall bee your suflncient warrant. Given un- 
der my band, y* 28"' day of March, 1642. Annoqne Begis 
Caroli Anglite, etc., xviij. 

W" Lentall." 
The day following, viz. y* SO"" of March, 1642, I was 
served w"" a warrant from y* howse of Peers of y 28"' 
of y' same month, directed to y Gentleman Usher at- 
tending y sayd howse, his deputy and deputies, and to 
all Mayors. Justices of Peace, Sherifl's, Constables, and 
other liys Ma"" Officers, to be ayding and assisting to y" 
sayd Gentleman Ushier and hys Deputies, to attach y* 
bodies of S' Edward Bering, Ku', S'' Roger Twjwlen, 
Baronet, S' George Strood, Kn'. and Richard Spencer, 
' 1. e. Hia *eat, Hojdon Hall, id Eut Fcrkhani. — Ed. 

I' 2 



SIB BOGEB TWTSDEXS JUmNA 

Esq*, and bring them beefore the Lords and Commons 
in ParlTa**, to answer such things as are objected against 
them, etc. 

36. I have made the more particular mention of these 
two warrants, beecause they were the Basis or ground of 
all our soflerings, and to shew the House of Peers and 
Commons can order men to bee committed. w'Niut spe- 
cifSing the cause, w^ is what I am siier I have heard 
enough condemned in others.. See Cooke's InstiU 2, 
p. 52, ^ 4 the Cause. 

37. The sayd SO* of March, & Edward Dering came 
onto me early in y* morning, w"" whom I went the same 
day to London, leaxing my deere wife great w* child 
in y* Countrj-. The 31, beeing thursday. I yielded my- 
selfe prisoner to }■* Sergeant, The 1 Aprill, I, with the 
rest (onely S' Edward Dering, who then absented hym- 
self, though after hee appeered, vras examined, and 
again went away), was called in to the howse of Com- 
mons, examjTied on some fi?w questions, and all of us 
committed to y* Sergeant of j-" Mase attending them, 
who sent us prisoners to an howse in Coreot Garden, 
tjil wee could bee farther questioned by a Committee 
of Lords and Commons, apponited for that service, who 
soone after did it, examyning us upon about 30 Inter- 
rogatories, upon w* nothing appeering against us, and 
our answers agreeing, so fai- as theii- could not, nor did 
ought appeere against us, but an intent onely of peti- 
tioning, and y* too upon the Countric's desires, the 
Howse of Commons, not satisfyed, would have na oi^ 
swer to some Interrogatories upon Oath. 

38. But how to doe this for men that had not cast of 
all sliew of legall proceedings was not so easy ; for 
themselves had declareil against all oaths e-v officio, and 
fverj- man's mouth was full of y Maxime, " Xo man 
was obliged to accuse himselfe ;'* how could wee, then, 

' brought by oath to accuae each other, beeing alike 



SIR ROGER TW^'SDEKS JOURNAL 



218 



criminall. Besides, who should doe it I For if it bee 
graunted (W^ I beeleeve wiU bee a matter of much diffi- 
culty to prove). The Lords' howse, or my Lord Keeper 
in it, may in some cases administer an Oatli to a Com- 
moner, may a Committee of the Lords and Commons 
doe it ? 1 conceive they had no president for doing so. 
Yet that was our case. M' Spencer, S' George Strood, 
and myselfe must upon oath have accused each other, 
though told wee were not to answer anything concerned 
ourselves. But our integrj-ty was such, nothing of con- 
sequence could be discovered more then beefore. After 
this, they two (and S' Edward Dering absent) were em- 
peached. Of my charge a stoppe was made, w^ after 
was layd aside as forgotten ; and those two having by 
good advise jmt in their answer, there was no fai-ther 
prosecution of them, onely wee were commanded to call 
in all J-' copies of this petition had beene by us dis- 
tributed, Vf'^ was done accordingly. 

39, Some may, perhaps, admii'o why the two liowaes 
were so trauscendently incenced at this petition ! why 
they laboured so earnestly the finding out a plot w^ waa 
never imagined 1 why they tooke so unheaid of wayes in 
their proceedings? for wlien ever did the howse of 
Commons appoynt theyr members to jojii w"' j-* Lords 
in examining Commoners upon oath, much lesse such as 
were criminis participes, one against y" other ? Why they 
shewde so strange partialyty as to incourage petitioning 
in some, yet make this a crime so heynous, as it is certayn 
a lawyer' of the llowse went so far as to say there were 
in it things not far from treason \ and another gentle- 
man" of, I dare say, sincere and pious intentions, told 
me, defending it, I did not understand the ayme of that 
Petition ; to whom I could onely wish the event might 
prove me j* foole. 

' Mr. George Peard, of the luner Tempk-.— T. 
» Mr. Rioh. Broirue, of Great CbBrt.— T. 



2U 



SIR ROGER TWTSDEN'S JOtlHNAL. 



40. But he \\iH not think it strange, when he considen 
(as y" issue made good) y* leading men in the Howse( 
had an intent themselves to govern y" nation by votefl 
paper Orders, and Ordenances, w^'' w^'', if the King should 
not concur, or any other oppose, they would force ob& 
dience by the sword, w'^*' this did a little too soone di» 
cover (they having no army, nor in a settled way o] 
raysing one), and might open men's eies, breat tbei] 
credit, and make them (by whose contributions thej 
must bee at first enabled) lesse willingly contribute tc 
their owne mine. For these men, presently after tlu 
perpetuity graunted, resolved on a change in Church an^ 
State, swallowed up all Episcopal!, and Dean and Chap 
ters' revenues ; yet, not to lose y" Clcargj^ totally, pep 
suaded such of them as had beene any way kept unda 
by the Bishops, it should bee distributed for y improve 
ment of smaller livings, increasing able preachers, rays 
ing lectures, and y* like ; and this they did not doubt oi 
effecting w'''out the considerable opposition of any, ua 
less perhaps the episcopall party in y Lords' Howse 
w'^ being now removed thense, it angred tliem greatly U 
see others in any kind thuart their designes, w^ the 
saw this Petition to doe. 



PEDES FINIUM. 






J 



'1 



, 



\ 



I ' 



I I 

I < 

I !i 



lii 



PEDES FINIUM. 



It seems very desirable that one portion of our annual 
Volume should be appropriated to the registration of 
such of our PubUc Records as e\'idence the alieuatious 
and desceut of lands and manors, and the genealogy of 
our leading families, from the earliest times. 

Documents of this character are of prominent inter- 
est to any County Collection ; but in Kent, as will be 
more fully explained, when we come to the " Inquiai- 
tiones post Mortem," they are of incalculable value. By 
them we are able to prove, in many instances, which of 
our manors and lands are exempted fl'om the operation 
of Gavelkind. Many an estate has been lost to the 
eldest male heir by want of knowledge of the infor- 
mation contained in these records ; and we trust that, 
in this respect, the pages of ' Archteologia Cantiana ' 
will be of great use to the legal profession, and to heirs 
of intestate proprietors. They will do more, — they will 
bo rendering actual national service, by placing upon 
permanent record muniments that must remain in a 
perishable and precarious condition, as long as they 
exist only in manuscript, — and we shall be setting an 
example which we trust may be followed by all kindi'ed 
societies, now so numerous throughout the kingdom. 

The earliest evidences which we have, after Domesday, 
are the Pipe Rolls, which commence with the reign of 



218 



rOMB ruiL'H. 



Henry II. The next, in order of ttme. mtv tbe Pies 
Rolls and PodM fuiium, which begin in the reign of 
Richard I. Mliim we reach the reigns of John and of 
Henry ItL, our materials become more abtadBit ; mc 
then have great reaonrces in the C3oae and Patent Bolla. 
the Fine Rolls, the Memoranda BoQa, the Inqoisitiooes 
post Mortem, eu*. etc 

As to the earlier of these Records, the Kpe RoQs. it 
at fir«t oocuircd to us that a series of them mi^t be 
heneficdally introduced into oar '^Archsologia ;" bat tbe 
idea was toon abandoned, for, as these Rolls are in diem- 
Sflve* long, and occar yearly in anbroken sncce^on, they 
apiH-ar better niited for separate publication, than for 
IM-ri'Klical admission into our JojimaL Certainly not 
more than one Roll conld be given at any one time, 
and, as each Roll belongs to a single year, it is at once 
evident that the progress of publication would be too 
slow to be of any immediate valne in elucidating County 
History: we shall better serve our purposes by furnish- 
ing a scries of the " Pedes Finium" and " Inquisitionea 
post Mortem." which relate to this County, from their 
commencement, occa*dnnally giving extracts from the 
Clone, Patent, Memoranda, and other Rolls. 

To begin with the Pedes Finium. 'W'e cannot better 
introduce them than by an abstract from Cruise's history 
of tlieir nature and origin:— 

** When property first became the subject of alieiu^ 
tion, it was found necessary to adopt some authentic 
mode of transfer which might secure the possession, and 
tninw the titli' of tlie purchaser. 

" By the ancient Common I^w, a Charter of Feoff- 
ment was, in general, the only written instrument where- 
{ lands were transferred or conveyed. But, although 
K assurance derived great authenticity from the num* 
rof witnesses by whom it was iiHually attested, and from 
? solemn and public manner in which liverj- of »eisin 



219 



was fomierly given, yet still it may be supposed that 
inconveniences would frequently arise, either from the 
loss of the charter itself, or fi"om the difficulty of prov- 
ing it after a lapse of yeai'S. 

" These circuniHtances probably induced men to look 
out for some other species of assurance which should 
be more solemn, more lasting, and more easy to be 
proved than a charter of feoffment. 

" Experience must soon have discovered that no title 
could be so secure and notorious as that which had . 
been questioned by an adverse part)-, and ratified by the 
determination of a court of justice; and the ingenuity 
of mankind soon found out the method of cb'awing the 
same advantages from a fictitious process. 

" To effect this pm-pose, the foUomng plan was adopt- 
ed ; a suit was commenced concerning the lands intended 
to be conveyed, and when the u-rit was sued out, and the 
parties appeared in court, a composition of the suit was 
entered into, with the consent of the judges, whereby 
the lands in question were acknowledged to be the right 
of one of the contending parties.' 

" 'Hiis agreement, being reduced into writing, was en- 
rolled among the records of the Court, where it was pre- 
served by the public officer, by which means it was not 
so liable to be lost or defaced as a Charter of Feoffment, 
and would at all times prove itself; and, being substi- 
tuted in place of the sentence which would have been 
given in case the suit had not been compounded, it was 
to be held of equal force with the judgment of a court 
of justice." 

Such is the perspicuous account which Cruise has 
given of the nature and origin of the legal process of 
" levying a fine," as cited by Mr. Hunter in his learned 
preface to the "Pedes Finium" edited by him under 
the direction of the Commissioners of the Public Re- 
cords. 



220 



PEDES FINIim. 



It will be observed that the form of acknowledgment' 
in tiie different Fines is verj' variable. To explain this 
we must refer our readers to Blockstone {book ii. c. 21) 
for a minute description of the four different kinds of 
Kines, and the names by which they were respectively 
designated. It mil be sufficient here to state that in— 

1. " The deforciant, or cognizor, acknowledges a. for- 
mer feoffment to have been matle by him to the cog- 
iiizee, or plaintiff, in order to avoid tlie formality of ari' 
actual feoffment, 

2. " The cognizor merely acknowledges tlie right to 
be in the cognizee, without naming any preceding gift. 

3. " Tlie cognizor acknowledges the right to be in 
the cognizee ; and grants, for himself and his heira, that 
the reveraion, after the particular estate deteiinines, 
shall go to the cognizee. This sort of Fine was com- 
monly used to pass a reversionarj- interest which was in 
the cognizor; because of such reversions, there could 
be no feoffment supposed, as the possession at the time 
belongetl to a third person. 

4. "The cognizee, after the right was acknowledged 
to be in him, granted back again to the cognizor, or 
perhaps to some stranger, some estate in the premises." 

Thus much it is necessary to cite from BlacJtstone's 
treatise, in order to explain the varit-d forms in which 
the Fines appear, and to help tlie genealogist and to- 
pographer in deducing his information from the par- 
ticular Fine that may be before him. For the rest, the 
reader will consult with advantage the passage from 
which these extracts are taken. 
»1 But it was not merely to the ti-ansfer of landed pro- 
perty that this process was confined.' It wa.s the mode 
adopted for recording all contracts, and the settlement 

' Dn([djilc iu Ui» 'Ori(,nneg.' (!«ii. 38. JUj" it clown, tlial Clii* kind or 

" Miloinn mwnoriiJ " wua ntiuieiilly uilopliHl for " the brtter roBnUnotin^ 

i tenor of uny coutrnct ii]ii>n luirgaiiiB iind snlra, or otliM coiicIubIod, 



PEDES FINIUM. 221 

of every kind of difference between two parties ; as will 
be abundantly proved in the series of these instnunente 
which we propose to print Of this character appear 
to be the Fines Nos. 17 and 25 infra. 

" Why a record of this description," says Mr. Hunter, 
"should have acquired the name of ' Finis,' or ' Fine,' is 
easily explained. The very nature of the document is, 
that it relates the end, or the finishing of litigation, real 
or feigned. The first clause in the document is, * Hsec 
est FiNALis concortha,' etc., and towards the close we 
have the words, ' Et pro hoc fine et concordia,' etc." 

" When the Courts condescended to allow themselves 
to be thus called in to determine controversies that 
were merely feigned, is a question of legal antiquarian- 
ism, which is considered by many as still undetermined. 
The great airrent of authority undoubtedly mns in fa- 
vour of the opinion that the practice arises out of the 
usages of our remote ancestors,"' 

Our limited space will not allow as to follow Mr. 
Hunter tlirough his learned and elaborate arguments on 
this point. Referring our inquiring readers to the work 
itself for all that can possibly be educed on the subject, 
it will be sufficient for us here to state generally that, 
prior to the seventh year of King Richard I. there are 
only five Fines extant, \\z. four of the latter part of the 
reign of Henry II. and one of the fourth or fifth of 
Richard I., transcripts of which are given by Mr. Hunter. 

in what ciibo Bc^cTcr;" and he cites Glanvil as itating (lib. Tiii. cap. 1), 
in ivr«rcaco to th^se Finea, that " dJepiit«a moTfid iu the £iDg'B Court 
«rc by Fixit CoHOOBDtennitiatfil; but it Ihea is by conMnt and I^bt^ of 
UioKing, ov hu Jiiiticiar, upon nhat ocenfion aoovcr Ihe ilifforencd be." 

< " Fines, mili^ed," says Blkckatone, " are uf cijaal antiquity with the 
Gnt rndimentB of the Ian- itself; «re spolien of by Glttuvil (lib. viii. e. 1) 
■nd Bntton (lib. V. 1. 1. c. 88), in thcrpigns orHcnrr II. and Honry III., 
M things then well kiionii and long eatabliahed ; and inslaufet have boeu 
produotHl of them crun prior to the Nonnan invanion (Plowden, 369)." 
Buck ii. e. 21. These aaaertioofi, honever, are somewhat controTerted 
by Mr. Hdhim'. 



Ill PEDES FINIUM. 

•' From the seventh year of King Kichard I. only, is there 
any large collection of documents of this class extant, 
or anything which can be called a consecutive series of 
them. From that time to the present day, the series 
may be said to be unbroken ; not but that some Fines 
which once no doubt existed cannot now.be produced^ 
and there are, perhaps, a few years, sucli as the two last 
years of the reign of John, in which, either no Fines 
were levied, or the record of them has wholly perished. 
But so many remain of the 8e\'enth of Richard I., and 
of almost every year from that time downward, that we 
may justly speak of possessing a series of documents of 
this class from the seventh of Richard I. to the present 
time." 

Of these Records we purpose to print in our succes- 
sive volumes a continued series of all that remain in 
the Office relating to Kent. They commence in the 
above-named year, viz., the seventh of Richard I. That 
which is numbered No. 1 in the Office, has no lunar date. 
There being, therefore, nothing to determine the cor- 
rectness, or otherwise, of the Office number, we leave it 
as it stands, No. 1 ; but in those instances which have a 
precise date recorded, we have departed from the Office 
arrangement, and placed them, as far as we have been 
able, in their precise oi-der of date. With regard to 
this point, we are desirous of referring to Mr. Hunter's 
observation as to the principle which guided him in his 
pubUcation. In the Office, he tells us, the Fines are all 
arranged in counties, and according to the years of the 
reigns of the different kings ; there is no difficulty, 
therefore, as to the year ; but it is not always an easy 
task to settle the chronological arrangement of the 
Fines in each particular year, according to the actual 
days on which they were levied. The practice of the 
Office seems to have been determined by no definite 
rules; "on the whole, it appears imcertain what was 



PEDES FINIUff. 



223 



intended, and certainly little or no use can now be made 
of the office numerals." 

Mr. Hunter acknowledges tlie use he had made of 
Nicolas's Chronological Tables in rectifying the order of 
the Fines, and we can hardly be fai' ^\Tong in following 
the same guidance. 

Departing therefore from the Office numerals, we have 
arranged our transcripts in their exact order of date, 
according to Sir Harris Nicolas's authority. 

As to the form of printing which we have adopted, 
we would obser\e that, although very numerous instances 
occur in which it is impossible to decide with certainty 
how a particular contraction would have been really di- 
lated by the original scribe had he been required to 
write the entire words ; yet the contracted form is so 
very repulsive to most readers, and the doubtful cases 
can so easily he recorded in a note, that we have deter- 
mined to print our transcripts "in exteuso." 

We have also departed from the continued unbroken 
lines of the originals, for the convenience of reference, 
and have separated the different parts of the Fine into 
distinct paragraphs. So again as to capital letters, fol- 
lowing Ml' Hunter's example, wlio states truly that " in 
the original the use of the capital letter was eridently 
regulated by no fixed principles, we have retained it in 
the names of peraons, places, and festivals," and wher- 
ever " it appeared to facilitate the reading of the Re- 
cord, — not to render that which was perhaps somewhat 
dark, still more obscure. lu respect of the punctua- 
tion, the scribes, admirable masters as they appear to 
have been in most respects of their art. seem to have 
proceeded without design and without sj'stem." We 
have therefore introduced entirely our own punctuation, 
except in some few cases where the punctuation of the 
scribe seems to be important. 

It would be superfluous here to remind the antiqua- 



224 



risn rmder that die nnnHcn cnly^lie detenniaed bj 
die context : Bid, in proper nw>w, Ae cocrect m&ig 
mmt be obtauDed from oO>aaamne»Oam tbe docameiit 
■■■edbteiy be£pre as ; lo ^to wiA tbe snU t and e; 

rUdi **»e fomed m ani^ iniCaneo b^ivedaely the 

une txace of the ttTle." 
Befose we lone Mr. Hunter's admiraUe prepare, it 
niftj be well to qnote a portioD of what be sns wHfa re- 
gard to the four diftiiict portiaas into wfakh the Fine 
was diwided. 

" I. The declsration of the Place at wfaidi the Koe 
was Leried, of the lliDe, and of the Fersoiu mho com- 
posed the CootL" 

1. As to Place. "The Fmes which are deposited 
among the Public Records of the realm were, it is be- 
liered, all levied in the Cnria Kegis." 

This Crnirt was " moveable ; it accompanied the 
King, or it existed in the provinces in the form of a 
Court in which presided Justices Itinerant, who seem to 
ha^'e been in those early times, as now, commissioDed to 
hold Courts in varioas places by the King." 

2. As to Time. " The dates of the Fines are always 
given with great exactness," and in thi^ respect have a 
great advantage over the common feo£ncnt deeds, 
" which rarely have any date till we come to the reign 
of Kdward L, a century later than the time when the 
Fines first occur," 

3. As to the Persons who composed the Court "The 
names of the [wrsons before whom the Fines were levied 
are, in every Fine, set forth at length." "This part of 
the Fine shows who were the persons engaged in the 
public administration of justice, and it is. in fact, ehiefly 
&om these lists that Dugdate has compiled the tables of 

he Justices in his 'Origines.' from which oilier cata- 
logues of Jiiftticiars and Justices have been formed." 
•The King was often himself present AMiert that 



dW 1 



I'EDES FINR-M. 



was the case, the expression coram ipso domino Ber/e is 
used," and Mr. Hunter goes on to prove that tliis was a 
real presence, and not a fictitious presence by a deputy. 

" II. The second portion of the Fine contains the 
names of the pai'ties between whom the sujiposed suit 
takes place, and a specification of the lands, advowsons, 
rents, or other matters which are the subject of the trans- 
fer [or agreement]. The parties are called the Petentes 
and Teiientes, and sometimes the Querentes and Defor- 
cianfes. In the early Fines these terms rarely occur. 
Sometimes the parties appear by a representative, and this 
is generally the case with the religious communities, who 
appoint one of their own body as their attorney to pro- 
ceed with the case, and he is, as the expression is, ' posi- 
tum loco sno ad lucrandum vel perdendum,' The de- 
scription of the premises ia generally short, the name of 
the Township or Manor in which the lands are situated 
being held a sufficient description, as 'a rent of two 
marks and a half in Harty,' ' one solin of land in East 
Ratling,' etc., ' eight acres of meadow in Sutton,' etc. ; 
and it is rather in the latter part of the Fiue, when the 
reservations are spoken of, that we have any minute 
particulars concerning the lands. But, in many of the 
Fines, there are particular facta or circumstances set 
forth when the lands are first mentioned, and these are 
sometimes of an interesting character. 

" III. The third portion of tlie Fine is the plea and 
the concession made by one of the parties. The form 
is often no more than this : ' Undo placitum fuit inter 
COS in prefata curia,' the simple assertion tliat a plea 
was raised between the parties; but "not unfrequently 
the supposed action proceeds upon some special plea, as 
* placitum warantite cartff,' etc. etc. All these pleas will 
be noticed specially as they occur, and we need not stop 
to enumerate them here, except to obsei-ve that, in a 
" few instances, there was a 8])ecial point on which tlie 



22fi 



jiitlgiutnit of the Court was loippospd to be \ 
\\\\v\]\or crrtain laiitk were a lay ft-o, or held in jmre 
Ami ik^rpetual tdrnx Aflor stntin<r that issue had been 
joiuiil, the judput-nt, or declaration, foUowK, in which 
the taitd^ or other jtcKcirsanQs, are declared tn Wlong 
lo the iMUtj' to whom the convtruice ms intended to 
bv BMldci." 

" IV. In the fonith and last diiiaoo we haw the 
oonadontion ^vm by die otber partr for tfae matter 
iiiaob i« cxwwTed. cu- t^ servior hf wiocfa it was to be 
ImM. «-ith arettttats ot tbe imeralMas Bade in the 
pu^ Makiaj; tli» ^naL Sa»e«ne&. n tftds daose «<' 
the ¥teA, w tad [aat « aKve; pnvKBt. but] lands 
t!nMtA^iittfaxn^A»hUttiamAetABr}amistpi!- 
riSrd in tkae ba4; «f tke f^K. an as to ssieto the tna» 
wtmk tiiP Awaoer m as cn^Mfff^* 




> ^Obt aT *r ■fiiii t\ ■ i» W i>fi ii I 6w dhoK 

■fcia'h iiiwiiti fiMaiiwJ arr af aflBftaKtft^ncae^«9 
aHMMtttt W AsiffnntoA. tW laiifiCK >eMe a^ 



PEDES FINTUM. 



227 



coheirs, witii the mamagos of those coheirs; — in the 
mention of the wives, a species of information which is 
ahnost peculiar to the Fine ;— in the innumerable local 
terms which occur in them ; — in the notices which they 
not unfrequently contain of dependencies and connec- 
tions between contiguous properties, important, perhaps, 
in the adjustment of rights, even in the present day ; — 
in the .mention which they contain of the course of the 
ancient roads of the kingdom ;— in the notices which 
they contain of peculiar senices, peculiar customs, and 
the habits of a state of society which has long passed 
away ; — in the ^iow which they present of the progres- 
sive accumulation of property in the hands of the reli- 
gious, and the frequent mention which they make of 
the superiors of the communities of the religious, of 
whom a catalogue, almost complete, might be made from 
this species of document alone ;^it is these things 
(which, singly, are perhaps of no great moment) which 
give the value to [this] sjiecies of document. We may 
add, that each Fine is also the basis, the secure and 
venerable foundation, on which some interest of the 
present day may be resting." 

The above extiucts will, we trust, prove a sufficient 
warrant for our setting apart so large a portion of (mr 
Volume for the publication of these Fines. They shall 
be given in regular series, from the first, without a single 
omission; and. although we cannot pretend to say that 
they will ftimish a complete registry of all the aliena- 
tions of property made in the years to which they re- 
spectively belong, — for it was only those, in the effect- 
ing of which the parties chose to secure themselves by 
a fictitious suit, that are here made matter of recoi-d, 
and even of these, in the lapse of ages many must have 
perished, — jet we shall have the satisfaction of gixiug 
to our readers every particle of evidence of this nature, 
which is yet extant among the National Records. The 



228 I'EDES FINIVW. 

lostniiony whirh those Fines ^\e to the alienal 
wliirh tliey rectml is undeniable, and can never, by ouy 
pnssiliility. be inumgiied ; so tliat, in feet, we shall have 
here as complete a registry as can be obtained of oU the 
ehniiju's ttf projierty whirh ha%T been made from the 
days which are technically callf?d " beyond the memory 
of man."' 



I. 

fW««l»iM«M-. IIK or IIM] 

(Warin Vni Md MaU Ui wife pnt la Brfaii dr Han Uw itdrd 
|«M v<f > Mill im IWtfi«4.mdvmclbrha'IA. tolMUuf ihMDbjrMr- 
TiororiwrtviMJrtkiawtcifBfai^l'Mbe. TWwdBt^MMlOM^M 
IV (4ai):«( vf ktr tkM pMt. JLl kr ^Mk. to M*m >o tibcB nd llMfr 

.. ..laCWiftdtvnna Begw »yd W<wmiauktiiiiii, in cr»B- 

tino na^ [auto]* Baonrdi v^. 

CVnoB H, Cftatwannis* Arc hwyie ccpo et B. laondisena* et 

iJUo Hfrrcii G. 4e Bnc^i^ Jssuohvs doowD 

I ■« Hau £«•] ^ Hau. I 



■J*.^ 



I. «Wk «a w fcwd rt • 




PEDES FINIUM. 



229 



Undc placitum fuit inter eos in Curia profata, scilicet quod pre- 
dict! WAKititTB et Mabilla coijcesserunt eidem Rohaisie, terciam 
partem totius predicti molendini, tenendam in dotem, in totam 
vitam ejusdeni Rohaisie, per Bervicium viceaime partis j militis, 
de illiu et Je liorodtbuB snis. Et eadem Rohajsia Bustincbit cus- 
tamenta tercie partis predicti inolendini. Et post deceaaniu 
ipsius Rohaisie, predicta tercia para predicti molcndini reverte- 
tiir ad predictos Wabindm ct Mabiliam ot ad heredes suofl. 

Warin Tirel = Mttbil. 



[WeBtminstcr. 1195 or 1196.] 



(Stephen di! Mortcetom and Albrca hia ^ 
Uichard do Vabadun and ArrliDi? liia wifo. i 
ilteir koirH, all right in the tUIc of Shipbomo, 1 



ilc for over quitclaim Ui 
LBtcr of aoid Albrita, luid 
ir ihirti^en marks.) 



.... Facta in Curia domini Regis apud Westmonasterium, 
die Veneris anno rej^ni Regis Ricardi vij°. 

Coram H. Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo G. Roffonai, 

Episcopis, et H. Bardulf, et Willelmo Briwer et . . . . et Ricardo 
Barre, et Oabcrto filio Hervi, et Ricardo de Herierd, et . . . . de 
Hiissebum, Justiciariis domini Kegis, et multis aliis fidelibua 
ibidem tunc presentibua. 

Inter Stbphanum de Mobtestoen, et Albbeam nxorem 

ot RicABBDM DE Vabadun, et Atelinah uxorcHj ejuM, tenentea. 

De villa [de Sib]bcrn cum pertineutiis anis,' 

Unde placitum fuit inter eos in Curia prefata, scilicot quod 
predicti SrErHANCB ct Albhea quietum claniavorunt in pcrpe- 
tnum, de se et de heredibus eorum, totum jus et clamium quod 
habnerunt in predicta villa de Sibbnm, et in pertiuenciis suis, 
predictia Ricakdo et Avbline sorori predicte Ai-prbb, et here- 
dibus eomm. 

Et pro hae quieta clumancia, et fine, et concordia, predicti 

' This Fine furniAhee ui earlier awncr to 8hipbom<^ tLsn is notiued bj 
lIoBtcd. 



EzoLiiTr -r: Atiij>a d^E^irrT^i:* TTeiiorLs Sn?HA3fO « 



I 



li:-5 :t11C*>. 7Bif. L 



br'/nL/iT ^, f -Aid H-i^fcL- *r.«i tLeir Lcirs f- :-r enr. all ri^Lt in halx" ibe Uikd 
of Cfiav^t*, fvr eizLLeen QAraa.^ 

.... Finali" Concordia facta in Curia dimini Begis apud 

Wt*tmoiiA.Ttf;T:am, die Veneris proxiina anno regni 

Be^rLs Bicardi vij''. 

Coram U. Canmariensi Archiepi^copo^ B. Londinensi, . . . 
. . . fJIienri Archidiacono, Osbeno filio Hemic, Simone de Pati- 
ttill, Bicanlo de Herierd, et aliis fidelibns domini Begis tunc ibi 
prer^jntilitLS. 

Inter HryBicoc filiam Ixgileami petentem, et Hosoxtm fili- 
um UicrKiDi et Thomajc^ firatrem ejnsdem HojO^as, tenentes. 

De medietate terre de Ceistox com pertinentiis. 

Unde placitam fuit inter eos in prefata Cnria^ videlicet, quod 
pre<^lictus IlEXEicrs qnietom clamavit totnm jos et claminm snam 
qu^xl habuit in predicta terra, cnm pertinentiis, a se et heredi- 
bu-j Hui'-i, predicti.s HcGOXis et Thome, et heredibos eorom, in 
pcrp*;tuurn. 

Et pro hac fine, et concordia, et qnieta clamancia, prefati Hugo 
(ft Thoma.s dederunt eidem Hexbico octodecim marcas argenti. 



ITuniphrey -j- 



Ho^li. Tliamifl. 



The number within brackets designates the Office numaaL 



PEDES FINIUM. 



rv.-(3.) 

[9th December, 11S5, 7 Hie. I.] 

(William dc 1lifolie«den. Amida lu's wife, pla., Warin Tirel ami Mabilia 
his wife, defs., concerning Uieir purparts of land, manorial rigliU, etc., 
I'tc, ill Parra Dartford, etc., the snid Mabilia and Anuria being siatera 
or William di; Gonin, who bad sold the land to Bipbard de Ucriat and 
Alice hi a wife.) 

Hec eat finalis Concordia facta in Curia domini Begia apud 
WeBtuwJiiastoriuni, die Sabbati proxima post festum 8ancti 
Nicholai, anno rt'gni Regis Ricardi vij". 

(Jloram H. Cantnariensi Arcliiepiscopo, R. Londinonai, G. 
lloffensi, H. Satisburicnsi Epiacopis, WiUclmo de Sancta Marie 
Ecclesia, R. Herefordensi, et R. Eliensi, Archidiaconia, Willelmo 
(1(1 Richeniont, Osberto filio Heruei, Ricardo do Horiat, Simone 
dc Patishill, Justiciariia domini Regia, et multis nliis fidelibas 
domim Regis tunc ibidem presentibus. 

Inter WiLLELHUM de Moeesden etAjaicuM uxorem 8iiam,pc- 
tentea, et Waeinttm Tucel, et Mabiliam usorera suani, tenentcB. 

De Parva Dbbtetoed cum pertinenciis. 

Unde placitom fuit inter eoa in prefata Curia, et undo ipsa 
AutClA petebat partem versua carndem Mabiliam, eicut versua 
aororem suam primogenitam scilicet quod idem WiLLELMtia et 

A et quietas clamavemnt de ae, et de heredibus suis, 

totas duas partes predicte Derteford, in dominJcia et terris lu- 
crabilibus et redditibus et homagiis ndinia et in omni- 
bus aliia rebus com pertlnenciia, et cnpitale raeauagium, et 
molendijmm quod Rengeras molendiuarius tenuit, Tenenda 
ipsis War. . . . 

Et pro hac dimiaaione et quieta clamauciiv, idem Wahincs et 
Mabilia dederunt et coacesscruut totam terciam partem pre- 
dicte Derteford supradictam mesuagium et molen- 

dinum: Tenenda ipsis Willelmo etAMiciE.etheredibns eorum, 
fociendo inde medietatcm serricii quod totum illud feudum de- 
bet lati vero hominea, et tencmenta, et homagia, et 

servicia (torum, aunt in tercia parte Willelmi et Amicie. Si- 
mon fiiiua Heniei, et Felicia que fiiit nxor [Willebni de Porta, 
et Elena] qno fuit uxor Hugonis elerici, ct Robertna Armiger, 
et Agnes <(U0 fuit uxor Gaufridi Armigeri, et Eliae Coleman, et 



PEDES FDniTM. 

Elena qne fiiit oior Willelmi fili . . . . et [Aluias Vmetanns], 
et Eldred, et Alicia qae fdit uxor Hrcoxis molenilinaHi, et 
Beginaldtui FnllonoH, et Ricardns filins MaUii>i, et Shnon cl«i- 
caa, de feudo tmde ipse reddit decern et [ocU) denarios per an- 
nnm et] in fendo Gerardi fabri decern denarios, salvo homagio 
qaod inde facit ipse Gerardus Waoiso et Mabilie, cam aKo 
servicio, et tert-ia pars in molendino [ante portam] . Et pro 
tenetnentis, et liomagiis, et serviciis Thome clerici, et Ricardi 
filii Orgar, ipse WAiUNira et Mabilia dederunt Wiilkuio et 
Ajiicib in escambiam, qnatuor acras terre , , dominico sao, 
in Tkuelisoe, et iinam acram tcrre, de dominico sno, in Go»- 
eiKDOK, et pneter illnd escambioni babent idem Willelmttb et 
Amicia, de dominico, in partem suam, tredecim acras terre in 
predicts Tecbi.isoe propinqniores predicte GoBsisDos, et tre- 
decim acras terre in eadem GoKSlNDON versus orientem, et qnin- 
que acras et dimidiam terre in eadem Tkuelinoe propinqniores 
KiNQESLANB, et septfm acras terre inter uquam et chiminnm, et 
septcm acras terre super chiminum propinqniores Haone Deb- 
TEFOEB, et quinque acraa de terra quam Robertua filins Philippi 
tenuit, versus orientem, et decern et octo acraa terre in cultura 
Phoracr, versos orientem, et duas acras terre, ana percha 
minus, in Genesteio, et novem acras alneti in Nordborc, versoa 
West, et viam ad sequendum paaturam, et quatnor acras alneti 
in Sudborc, versus West, ct septem acras [prati] in Flodmed. 

Et pro iata dimissione, et quieta clamancia, fine, et concordia, 
ipse WARiNna et Mabilia adquietiiverunt eundem Willeucuii 
ot Amiciam, de quinquaginta libria sterUngoruni versus Ricab- 
DUM DE Hekiat et AiiciAM nxorcm auam, cui AiiCiE, WlLLEL- 
MU8 DC GoBCS, frater oarundem Amicib et Mabilie, vc-ndidit 
totam predictam terram cum pertinenciis. 



Warin Tirel = Mabilia. WiUiam de = 

Mohesdeu. 



Rkihurd do Hemt^iUiec. 



PEDES FINIUM. 



V.-(7.) 
[16th January, 1195-0. 7 Eic. I.] 

Qervsa de Ofspringes delivera to Emmo do Crerequer, & rent of two 
nud a hair marki in Earty, ia dower, for wbiob the said Emma quitclaimB 
hor claim of dower ag^uost him and Henry do OfsjiriDgtrs, for tcu libratex 
of huid, and thirty markE sttirltng.) 

Hec est finalis concordia facta in Curia domini R«gis spud 
Weatmonasterimn die Martis proxuna post i'eatiim Sancti Hj- 
larii, anno regni Regis Ricardi vij". 

Coram H. Cantnariensi Arcliiepiscopo, Ricordo Elienai Archi- 
discono, magistro Thoma de Uasebum, Ricardo de Heriet, 
Simone de PateshuU, Ogero filio Ogeri, et oliis fidelibus domini 
R«gis ibidem tunc prcsentibue. 

Inter Eusah de Credequeb peteatem, et Gekyasium db 
OFaFKiNQEs tL-ncnteni. 

[Dc] Reditu duanim marcaram ct diinidio, in Hertaie. 

Per Henricitm de Opbpeinges, positum loco ipsiua Gkevasii, 
ad liicrandum vel pordendum. 

Undo placitnra fuit inter cos in prefata Cnria, scilicet, quod 
predictua GEnvAsiua tradidit predicts Emms, predictura reddi- 
tum, pro dote quoad vixerit. 

Et pro hoc fine, et concordia, predicta Emma quietas clamavit 
X libnitaa terre,' et xsx marcaa osterlingonim (|uaa clamavit 
veraiiB eos in dotem. 



[lOthMay, 1196,7Eio. I.] 
(ThomaA de Dene and Harlewin liis brother (in a plea nnder a writ of 
right) quJU;laim to Tbomus do GodwioestoDe [i.e. Ooodnestone, or Giin- 
aUin] one sotiiif; and a half of land ia East Katliug, for which he f^vea 
them eii morka, and eighteen acres and a quarter in a field tailed Uik- 
ham (to be held of said Thomas de Qodwinentone by fourpenco per 
lUinuiu). and tix marka sterling.) 

cordin fucta, in Curia domini Regia npud Wt-Ht- 



i.r. Land worth SH' per s; 



VIL— (5.) 
[12th May. 1196, 7 Kio. I.] 
(This Abbot and Convent of Boxloj- quitclaim to Oflbert de Longclmmp 
and Aveline liis wife the land of WenheUa [i.e. OvenUili], for which thi 
Baid Osbert tuid ATetino give them six inarka ; also two ehillin^B rent in 
Cuciddcmill, so that the oalj claim of Oabert and Aveline therein shall 
bo tho ■' mulctura" of tlieir house in Iletinton [i.e. Allington] ; also two 
sliillingB yearly from the land of Oxefrid, from which Ardioe's aneestora 
only paid one shiUing. They also release to the Abbot and Convent the 
right which they claimed in the houses of Paris, ArelideatiDn of Ecchoster, 
on the Thames, in London, and the right which they cltumed in Oie tene- 
ment of the park-keepers of Boiley, They also grant to the monks the 
right of fi-ee fishing in the Medway opposite their land.) 

Hec est finalis concordia facta in Curia domini Begis apad 
Westmonasteritun, dominica tercia post Paschom, anno regni 
Regis Ricardi vij". 

et G. Rofiensi, Episcopia, et B. Herefordensi, et E. 

Eliensi, Archidiaconis, Thoma de Hussebom, Oaberto filio 
Herric E>rd, taac Justiciariis, et aliis fidelibaa do- 
mini Regis tunc ibi presentibus. 

Inter R. Abbateu de Boxele, et Conventum et Oe- 

DEETnu DE LoNGo Campo fit AvEUNAM uxorem ejus, tenentes, 
per eundem Osbertum, positiim loco sue ad lucrandum vel per- 
denduiQ. 

Do terra de [Wenbella], 

fnit inter bob in prefata Curia, scilicetj quod predic- 

tu8 Abbas et Contkntos de Bokele quietum clamaveruut pre- 
fatis OsBEKTO et Av£LIII£, .... suis totiun jus ct clamium quod 
babueront in predicta terra de Wenhella,' cum pertinenciiu. 

Et pro bac fine et concordia et quieta clamaucia, 

et AvELiKA uxor ejus, dederunt jam dicto Abbati ct Cos- 
VEHTCi vj niarcas sterlingomm. Et pretcrea, dederunt eis, 
in purara et perpetuam elemoaynam, ij solidoa do rpdditu in 
molendino de Cdciddemille, annuatim aolvendos, ad ij tormi- 
noB, scilicet, ad Pascliam, mcdiotiitem, et aliam medietatem, ad 
festum Sancti MichaeUs. It-ii quod Osdkrtcs et Avelina, vol 
heredes sui, nichil poterunt claniare in predicto molendino, nisi 
raulcturam domns proprie de Helinton.* Et si conquerautur 
I This is the maaor afterwards i-ullcd OTcnhill, in Boiley. 
' Allin((ton Caatlc. 



236 



PEDES FINn'M. 



de non legitima molctiira, Abbaa predict] loci josticiabit mole 
dinatioB »uoa, super hoc, in Curia sua. Pretert-a dabout anniui- 
tim, iUi et heredcs sni, prefatia Abbati et Cosvcntui, ij solidoB 
de terra de OxEr&w, de qaa auteceasores predicte Aveukb 
dabaiit ammatim xij denarios. Qoiettun diam clamavemnt 
prefatis Abbati et Convesttti, a se et heredibns sois, totoiD jna 
qnud dicebant ae liaberc in domibus Pakidis, Hoffensis 1 
diuconij in Lokpox, saper TamisiaiD, et etiam illud clamini 
jiiH suuin c|Dod diceboot so liabere in tenemento parcaHoraraj| 
BoxELK, Pret4:reu, concessemnt monachis libere et qniete { 
cari in Mtxlweia contra tcrram snam. 



Osbert de Longohsmp ^ Arelixe.' 



\^I1.— (13.) 

[23rd Norembw. 1196, 8 Sic. I.] 

{Gulionii, widow of Bstpb Fitz Gillobi, quitclBlniB to the Templars I 
nifht of dower in tlic laii<I of La Lee, for three marks.) 

Hec est finalis concordia facta in Curia domini liegia a 
Wcstmonaetcriiiin, die 8abbati proxima post festnm I 
Cecilie, anno regni B«gig RicardJ viij". 

Coram H. Cantuarienai Archiepiscopo, Willelmo de ' 
Marie Ecclesia, Magistro Tbuma de HoBsebnro, Ricardo i 
Ileriet, Simone de Putishtitt, Ogero filiu Ogeri, Jastidariia, I 
aliis fidolibaa domini Regis tunc ibidem presentibus 

Inter Galiahah quo fuit uxor Raddlph! filii Gillobi,' p 
tcnl,* et Featkes Militie Temfu, tenentes. 

Do tota terra de La Lee, qaam prcdicta Gauana clamat ut 
dotom ex dono predicti Rasulphi viri sui. 

Unde placitam fuit inter eos in prefata Curia, scilicet, qw 
predict!! Galiana remisit et quietuni clamavit totum jus et tf 

' Fin-Iiaps hcimw of the Dp AliogtoDs. 

' Gillobi P bi Uic origituil tlwra ie u stroke ovi^r tbi- Umniiutlliig It 
111, buLimtinK a <«iitrft('tioii. 

' In the original it ie " Ivtumtciu. ' but avidimtljr n ulurieii] i 
"li*U;ntMn " 



PEDES nNIUM. 



237 



i stmtti quod liabuit in predicta term de Ija Lkb, de se, 
predietia fratribuB et snccessoribas Buia, in perpetiium. 

Et pro hoc fine et concordia et quicto clamio, predicti fratrpa 
iledemnt predicte Galiane iij roarcas argpnti. 



EalphFitzGilIobi = 
(dead) 1196. 



Galiana. 
1196. 



IX.-(8.} 
[22 April, 1197, 9 Sic. I.] 
(Thomas do Esse quitclaims to William de Eincaford twenty acrca in 
SarduBBe.) ' 

Hoc ost iinaiia concordia facta in Curia domini Regis apud 
Westmonasterium, die Martia sectmda pOst octabas Paacho, 
anno regni E<^gia Eicardi octavo. 

Coram H, Cantuarieusi Archiepiscopo, Radulfo Herefordonsi, 
Bicardo Elj-onei Arcliidiaconis, Magiatro Thoma de Husse- 
boume, .... Hcriet, Simone de PatiaLull, Ogero filio Ogeri, 
Justieiariis, et aliia fidelibua domini Regia ibidem tunc prescn- 
tibue. 

Inter WnLELmm [de Eiiiea] ford, petontem, per Potrum do 
Boteilles, poaitam loco suo ad lucrandum vel perdendum, et 
Thoxau ds Esse, tenentem. 

De XX acria .... cum pertdnentiis, in Sabdasse. 

Undo placitnm fuit inter eos in prefata Curia, scilicet quod 

prodictus Thomas de Eaas remisit clamavit predicto 

WiLLKLUO DB Efnesford, totuiD jiis et clamiuiii sDom qaod ha- 
buit in predicta terra, cum pertinentiia, in Sabi>ais3B, . . . . ct 
beredibiis suis, aibi et heredibus suia, inperpctuum. 

Et pro hoc fine et concordia et quieto clamio, prodictus Wii.- 
LEUII18 PK GiNKSPORi) dedit prenominato Thoub de Esse xxs 
Bolidofl. 



' Pi<rlia[M llie dislriPt v 
iiAinikr, Rnuiliiiuc. 



238 i-KMs Fisin*. 

X.-(9.) 
[22 April, im, 8 Etc. L] 
(IValtcr dc Petraponte [Pierrepoiiil] gnnU to hi* notiwr Xjucj, wnc 
joiie in SLpp«y, rjJled SupeDdtm, and poe joke in DfHini;. otOed Manes- 
Und, anil t]ire« acrce id Detling, and ten acm of paiture in tlie leourv 
of Boiley, and twclre acret in the same l^nnre, for lire, for Iter doHcr. 
She is to hold the joke in Sbepc?, of Lad; Alice Rcot, by ibc sci-rice of 
the nintli pari of a knigbtVfee ; and the joke in Detling, of William de 
DetUnge, by one mark per annum ; and the three aerea in DeLling, of Um; 
aaid William de Detlinge, bj two pence per annum ; and the tea arrc* of 
paaturo in the tenure of Boxley, of tlie Canons of [Bocbester] by twelve 
jxrace per annum i and the twelve acres in the tenure of Boxtey. of the 
monks of Boiley, by three tliillings per annum ; and the twenty acres in 
the tenure of Boxlcj, of Vital de Horepole and ErniUpb bis brviher, by 
fl»e ahillings and two ploughs per annnm. And if Walter de Fierrepoint 
be unable to warrant these lauds to his mother Luey. he shall make an 
exchange with her in hts land in Stsjuted in Kent or Elinton in Sussex. 
After her death the said lands to rerert to Walter de Pierrepoint, For 
thb grant she is to psylhe said Walter a pair of spurs piT annum-) 

Hec est finalia concordia facta in Cnria dpinini Regis apuid_ 
Westinonasterium, die Martia proxiina post festnm Sancti 
phugi, anno regni Regis Ricardi viij", ad acaccarium Pasche, 

Coram H. Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo, R, LondoDengj, 
Wiutonensi, Episcopia, B. Arcliidiacono Herefordensi, Magistro 
Thoma do Hussebume, Simone Patcslmll, Ricardo de Heriot, 
Ogero fitio Ogeri, tunc Jnsticiariis domini Regis, et coram aliis 
Baronibus et fidelibua domini Regis ibidem tunc presentibu 

Inter Waltebum »b Pethaponte, teneutem, et Luciam db 
TRAFosTE, inatrem snamj petentem. 

De uno jngo terre in Scapeia, quod vocattir Stapendds; et 
dc uno jngo torre in Detlinobs, quod rocatur Maneslaio); et 
de tribuB acris terre, cum pertiucntiis, in predicta villa de Dw- 
LiNOKB ; et de decern acris pasture iu tenura de Boxlb ; ct de xij 
acri«i t^rre, cum pertinenciis, in eadem tenuni de Boxus ; et de 
viginti acris tcrre, cam pertincntiia, in eadem tenura de Boxlb. 

UihIo ])laoitum fuit inter eoa iu Cnria domini Re^e, scilicet 
Cjuod predictns Wai.tfrus db Pbibapontb concessit predicto 
LuoiK matri sue, omnes predictns terras, cmn pertrnentiiB, tenen- 
tlaa tots .... sua, iit dotem suaiu, sine omni vexatione. Ita, 

' GcKlfri-y di- Lui-y. 




l-EUES FIimiM. 



239 



tamen.quod ipsaLccu I«neljit predictumjugnm tctTe,m Scapeia, 

do Domina Alicia Picot, et heredibns endo inde, per 

mnimm predicti Waltebi, servicium none partis feodi aniiiH 
militia; ct predictom jugum terro de Dgtlikges tenebit i{|ea 
Ldcu de [Willelmo bk] Detlinob, et heredibns auis, reddendo 
inde eidem Willelmo, per aimiun, nnam loiircam ar^nti, per 
manam predict! Walteri de PetrapontEj pro omni aerricio, 
eidom Willelmo de . . . . lieredibas suis, pertinente; et predic- 
tas tres acras toire, cnm pertinenciia, in villa de DETLTNOBe, te- 
nebit eadem Lucu de predicto Willelmo de Detlimoes, red- 
dendo atim, duos denario3 pro omni eervicio ; et pre- 

dictas decern acraa pastnre, in tennra de Bokle, tenebit predictA 

Lucia de Canonicis de ' reddendo inde eis, annofttim, 

xij"" pro omni servicio, per manum predicti Waltebi ; et pre- 
dictas xij a«raa terre, cum pertinentiis, in tenura de Boxle, te- 
nebit eadem Lccia de monacbis de Boxle, reddendo inde eis, 
aunnatim, tres BoUdoa pro omni servicio, per manum predicti 
Waltebi ; et predictaa sx acras terre, cum pertincnciis, in 
tennra de Boxle, tenebit oadem Locia do Vitai,e de HoKEroLE, 
ct EttNULFO fratre sue, et heredibua eomm, reddendo indo cia, 
annnatim, v solidos et duos vomeres, pro omni servicio, per 
manum predicti Walteri, 

Et sciendum est, quod predictus Waltebcs de Pbtbatontb 
debet warantizare omnes prenominataB terras, cum pertinentiis, 
predicto Lucie matri sue, ut dotem ouam. Et si illas terras ei 
warantizare non posset, idem Waltekus faciet cxcambium ei, in 
terra soa de Stakstedb in Kent, vel in terra sua de Elihton in 
Sudsex, ubi ipsa maluerit. Et post mortem predicte Lucie, om- 
nea predictas terras' cum pertinenciia redibnnt solas et quictas in 
manum predicti Waltebi de Pktbaponte, sine aliquo retine mento. 

Et pro hnc coucessione, et hac finab concordia, predicta Lucia 
reddet annnatim predicto Walteeo unum par calcariuni prccii 
quatuor denanonim, ad Pascham nomine redditus. 



wJtt 



. . do Petrapontc ^ Lupy. 
[dwu]) 1197 I 1197. 



de Polnpontc. 
11»7. 



PEDES nNIUM. 



XI.-(14.) 
M [22nd April. 1197, 8 ffic. I.] 

(William da Flumton quitclainiB to the Abbot of Boxlej and b 
eon all \m land in Shcrenden, to hold of him uid hU heirs, in pure and 
perpetual alma, for one gold brsant,) 

Hoc cat fiualis concordia facta in Curia domini Regis apnd ' 
Weatmonastoriimi, die Martis seciinda post octabas Paache, 
anno regni Regis Ricardi viij". 

Coram H. Cantuarienai Archiepiscopo, Radolpho Here- 
fordensi, Ricardo Elyensi, Archidiaconis, Mt^stru Thonia do 
Huaaebum, Ricardo do Horiet, Simone de Patishul!, Ogcro' 
filio Hervei, Justiciariis, et aliis fidelibos domini Begia ibidem 
tunc presentibuB. 

Inter Robertctu A_bba.tem db Buxleb, petentem, per Johannem 
confratrem sunm, positum loco suo, ad lucrandum vel perden- 
dum, ct WiLLELMUM DB pLUMTON, tenontein. 

De tota terra quam habuit, cuni pertinentiia, in Sheiiehdem.' 

Undo placitum fiiit inter eos in prefata Curia, acilicot, quod 
predictua WiLLELMCs remiait et quietam clamavit predicto Abbati, 
et HQCceaaoribua auis, totum jua ot clamiiim snum quod habuit 
in predicta terra, cum pertiuentiis, in Shokenden, do se, et he- 
redibua auis, in puram et porpetuam elemosinam, in perpetunm. 

Et pro hoc fine, et concordia ot quieto clamio, predictus 
Abbab dedit prenominato Willelmo, unum biaantium aureum. 



XII.— (10.) 
[28tb April, 1197, 8 Bio. I.] 
(John de Tr<?8goz, and Henr; and Thomas hia brotliera, quitclaim to 
Robert do Lcilmrn, three parts of one i-aruuat* in Mere, for which the 
Raid Bobert de Leihurn ^ves them all his laud of Bokclcc, to them and 
their heirs, to hold of him and hia heirs, by the free service of a quarter 
of a knight'a-fee, except his land of Bugkinden, and the meadon-s and 



' Sfcin Becord, for "Oabcrto." 

- The manor of Shamdcn in Elmlcy, 
another Sharndcn in Ede abridge. 



PEDES FINIUM. 



1 reniain to avid Uobert de Leibura and his 



Hec est fin&lis coDcordia facta in Coria domini B^s apod 
Weatmonasterium, die Lune proJtima ant© Inventionem Sanete 
CmciB, anno regni Regis Ricordi viij". 

Coram H. Cnntuarienai Arctiepiacopo, Radulpho Hereford- 
-ensi, Ricardo Elyensi, Archidiaconis, Magistro Thoma de Husso- 
Dume, Ricardo de Heriet, Simone de PaliahnE, Ogero filio 
Ogeri, JoBticiariis, et aliis fidelibus domini Regis ibidem tunc 
presentibus. 

Inter Johanneh db Trbbgoz, et Henrichm, et Tbomam, fra- 
tres anoa, petentea, et Robehtom db [Lei] boorn, tenentem. 

De tribas partibus j camcato tere, cum pertinentiis, in Mere. 

Unde pincitum fiiit inter eoa in prefata Cnria, scilicet quod 
predicti Johannes db Tkesqoz, et Henihcits et Thomas, fratrea 
Bui, remiserunt et quietum clamavenmt prenominato Roberto 
TE Leibokn, totum jus et clamium suum quod habueruiit in pre- 
dicta terra, cum pertinentiis, in Mere, de ipsis et heredibus 
Eiuis, &ibi et heredibns suis, in perpetuum. 

Et pro hoc fine et concordia et qnieto clamio, predictus 
RoBERTOS dedit predictis Johanni db TREaooz et Henbico et 
Thome, fratribus suis, totam tcrram auam de Roeelee, cum 
pertinenciis, tenendam ipsia et heredibus suis, de se et here- 
dibns suis, per liborum servitium quarte partis feodi j militis, 
exceptis terra sua de Bcqkinden, et pratis et boaco de Buo- 
xiKDBN, que remanent predict© Roberto et heredibua snia. 



. de TresgOE ^ 



John do TreegoE. 
1197. 



By entrieH on the Kpe Eoll, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 Ric. I., it would bi 
that J^y Treegoa waa mother to Bobert de Leyhome. 



xm.— (i«) 

[«h Maj. im, 8 Bic. I.] 
(SiDoth CgDopLetuter quitflaiini rrom hiim^lT uid hu bvin. to the aix 
brothcre Turaton, Bdpb, Walter. Hamo, Mattheir, and Adani, the balT o[ 
thirt}- -three ocree ia Bodmerehom. One acre under tli« garden of Hoppe- 
kameU, ahaU remain in the brolliCTs* half, to them and thpir bcin for ov<T. 
The other half, and the capital messoage therein, aod four terra which 
Humphrey Arbktter held of them and their heirs, to mnain to enid Sinotli 
and hia heira for over. Each party to be aaswcrabie for th« fon^ga avr- 
vice to which their own medieties are liable.) 

Hoc est Bnalis concordia facta io Curia domini Rcgitf Spud 
Westmonasterium, die domintca proximo post InveiicioaetB 
Crucis, annu regni Regis Ricardi viij". 

Coram U. Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo, Itadulpho Horcford- 
enai, Ricardo ElycBsi, Archidiaconis, Magistro Thoma de Bns- 
bum, Ricardo de Heriet, Osberto filio Herreu, Simone do 
Pateshill, Ogero filio Ogeri, Justiciariis, et aliis fideliboii domini 
Regis tnnc ibidem tunc presentibos. 

Inter Tckstanpm, et Radulphum, et Waltebcm, et Hauokkm, 
et Matheum, et Adak, petentcs, per Turstaniun et Walterua* 
&ntres suosj positos loco auo ad Incnuidum vel perdendum, ot 
SiNoTH CoNoreHALSTEB, tenentem. 

De xxxiij acris tcrre, cam pertinentiis, in Rodhareshah. 

Und© placitum ftiit inter eos in prefata Curia, scilicet quod 
predictus SiNOTU remisit et qaietam clamavit premmiiuatis fimtri- 
bus, medietatem tocius prediete terre ; scilicet, xvj Rcras terre 
et dimidiam; in Rodhasesham. Et in medietate prodictonun 
fratrum reniiinebit j acra sub f^ardino de TIoppekamki.j.,' tie se 
et beredibua suia, ipsis et beredibna eoruni, in perpotunia. Et 
alia medietas prediete torre remanebit predicto StNOTH, et capi- 
tale mesuftgium quod est in medietate sua, et iiij"' acre quas 
Umfridus Arbluster tc-uait de ipsia et bcredibus eonim, ip^j 
SiNOTH et hcrodibus suis in peqietuum, Et predict! &atn;8 
defendent partem suam de forinseco servicio, Et predict4ia 
SisoTH defendot partem suam de forinseco aervicio.' 



' Ferbapa for HopiH-kw mill,— but 't if thp word be uot 'Hopthekmnell,' 

• i. «. The Kurviccs diw to the Kin^j. " Diei poaiunt forin«rcn, quia pcrti- 

netitaddDminuinB4igein. et non ad dumiuuin cajiilalem. Qanodoquo uaiiu 

nomiiiantur funiKeen, hti-^o «uinpto Tocabulo, quoad tcrvitiuu I'lmlni 



PEDES FINTUM. 



243 



SIV.— (12.) 
[4th June, U97. 8 Bic. I.] 
(The apportionment of half a knight's- fee in the moaoi of Fleet, near 
Bichborough, between Elias de Bello Campo and Coiisiancc Bolebec lua 
wife, plainliffa, and BuolUnua do Abrincis, tenant. TiiU Euellinua pro- 
bably was cither the husband or sou of the eister of Constance £olcbe«, 
and the two ladies were coheiresHcs.) 

Hec eat finalis concordia facta in Curia domini Regis apud 
WL'stmonasteriuni, die Mercorii proxima post featum Sancte 
Trinitatia, anno regni Regis Ricardi viij". 

Coram H. CantuaneQ&i Archiepiscopo, Radulpho Hereford- 
ensi, Ricardo Elyenai . , , . Magisti-o Thoma do Hussebimie, 
Ricardo do Heriet, Oaborto filio Hervei, Simone de Patiahill, 
Ogero filio Ogeri, Juaticiariis, et aliis fidelibus domini Regis 
ibidem tunc preaentibua. 

Inter Eluu de Bello Campo, ct Conbtahciam Bolebbc ux- 
orem suatn, pet«ntea, et Ruellinum de Abbijjcis, tenentem. 

De dimidio feodo miiua militia, cnm pertinenciJa, in Fletes,' 
Undo placitum fuit inter foa in prefata Curia, scilicet quod 
medietas tocins dimidii feodi railitis predicti, in omnibua rebus, 
cum dominatu reniuuet Elte predicto, et CpSTANClE axon sue, et 
heredibua eomni : Scilicet, capitate roesuaginm, et tota terra 
que eat infra muros de Ratibbubo,' et una acra que est extra 
murus versus meridiem occidentalia introitus muri, et orientalis 
pars campi qui vocatur Cnolu, et septontrionalls pars campi 
qui est versua septentrionem a campo prenominato de Cnolla, 
et eeptentrionalis pars campi qui vocatur Claure, et meridio- 
nalis pars campi qui est versus meridiem a spiuis, et septen- 

B«giB, quandoque soatagia, quandoque Berritiuin domini Begie, et ideo 
forintecum did potest, quia fit ct eapitur/orM, sive extra Berritinm quod 
fit domino capitali." — Bracton, Lb. ii. cap. 16. There are inHtanccs, how- 
ever, in which " forimiecuni Betntium " aeetoB to have belonged to othcre 
than tie King; perhaps in that case it is the aerrice for which the tenant 
of the mean Lord ia hablc to the chief or paramount Lord, or the ser- 
vice which the Lord could claim from hii tenants to perform on some olber 
of his manors than that within which they resided. But there seems much 
uncertainty about it ; at all events, as in scxitage, it was not a fixed, but nn 
irregtdar and uncertain serrioe. 

* >'. a. Tbc manor of Fleet, near BichbotOQgh, in the pariah of Axh. 

' P Baccoburg — Bichboroiigh. 



PEDES FINIUM. 



245 



para Hooe, et orientalia pars Pasture, et meridionalis para 
campi qui vocatur Stbpatea,^ et orientalifl para iiniua acre quo 
est versus meridiem a domibus .... 

Preterea,Alaiiu8 de Berelinge remanet Ruelleunodo ALriiicis, 
cum omni tenemento Buo et aervicio, et Albrua uxor Godwini, 
cam omni tenemento sue et servicin, et Willelmua lo Scot, cum 

omni tenemento Hnmfridua et Eogorus filii Wlwini, 

cum omni tenemento sue et servicio, Hugo filius Elurici, cum 
omni tenemento auo et servicio, et homagium Nicliolai filii Wi- 

mundi de v aunt versus septentriouem, juxta campum 

qui vocatur Scantega, Matheus filiua Oaberti, eum omni tene- 
mento auo et aervicio, ot dimidiam servicii et reilditua Walteri 

Hasard, scilicet, de occidentaU et de aervicio Alicie 

Andegavensia, ij'' et obolua, et dimidinm aervicium Rogeri de 
Butege, et de tenemento Edrici^ fliii Kicardi, j'' et iij quad- 

rantes, et iJ galline, et mcdictaa aervicii .... da aci- 

licet, .... debet de averagio. 

Et aciendum eat, quod tota. medietas in mariscis et ealinis, 
cum omnibus aliia pertinenciia, que pertinent ad predictum 
dimidium feodum uuius militis, remanet Elye de Hello Campo 

et uxori aue, et lioredibua eorum ; et altera medietas 

remanet Rubllino de Abbikcis, ot heredibiis euis, cum omnibus 
pertinenciia; et foratalliun quod eat ante portam Curio est 
inter 

Eliab de Bello Campo cepit homagium predicti Bubllini 
do omnibus preacriptis tenementis que eidem Rcellino rema- 
nent, tenenda ipai Rubllino et heredibus auis, de prodicto 
Elia et CcsTANCiA uxorc sua, et de heredibus auis, .... per 
sorvicium quarte partia fcotli imiua ttiititit). 

Et pro hoc fine et concordia dudit prcdictua Rdellinub dk 
Adhincis, Elib oe Bello Campo, et Cdstancie uxori auo, decern 
inarcas argenti. 



Eliaa de Bello Campo ^ Conatance I}olcbL<c. 



' 1" Scopatrs, 

' Sic, " Edriti," not " Lilii'i<'i," at tiijin 



34« 



XV. 

ISA J-M; list. S Bic L] 
taSnr it Aides aU laMb Ui wi&. «— mIj wife WB 



■ Ibr kr AM prt itt hi* h 
CilktiB Md Ha&BMC fbr «UEk Ab arid St«pb» t 
Wr down-, liatr iWhy m« m iW li^ nd wk of Gofiakn aod 
Hnilmif ■ fa Bft^ fcr farty A^^.) 

Bee est finala coneotdia &ctB m Caru domini Regis apnd 
WmliiMMiMtMiiiiii, die Yenem proxinia post iMtom SKncCa 
TrinUUM, tmao regtd Begie Bicaidi Tiij*. 

Conm H. Caotnanenai Ardiiepiscopo, Radnlpho HeMbrd- 
eosi, Ricairdo EIj«bs, AidudmconisT Ihgiatni ThooiA ds 
Hint burn, Bicaido de Heii^t, Osberto GHo Herrei, Simooo 
de PateduD, C%ero filio Ogen, Josticiarns, et aliis fidetibus 
dotnim Regis ibidein tunc presentibiis. 

Inter Oimscif iiz Asdet et Lmcrn.a» o 
tea, et SrcoAsrv ds Goddttox, teiient«tn. 

Do toto feodo 8nio<na di Godiktos, qoi fait maritus i;^ 
LiABSLLK, qaod est in GoDcrroir et Hii>nuKE, nude ipaa } 
BELLA ctamabat tcretam pftrteiii snain di> predicto feodo, ex c~ 
prefati Smoxis quondam riri soi. 

Et ande plAcitnm fait inter eoe in prefaU Coim, t 
quod preditrtos . . . et Ibabklla uxor sua, reiniseroDt et qoitH 
clamaTemnt prenominato Stefhaxo, et heredihns enis, ' 
JQS et clamiom «ataa qaod batroenmt in predicts teivim j 
ftiodi prenominati, qtiam ipsa Isabella clamabot in dotem i 
ipsis in perpetaum. 

Et pro boc tine et oonoordia et qnieto cl&mk>, _ 

STEmANTS dedit et concessit prenominate Isabelle cC Olitbbo 
viro sao, xxx »olidos redditus, in teni» et in hominibus, in 
(HwOTOH et Hdoiuks, sub nomine dotis, in ritam predicte 
IsABELLE, salvo servifio dnmini Regis. Scilicet, sxv sobdos et 
vj* r^dditOR in Godiktob, et iiij Bobdoe et vj* redditns in He- 

DIHBBE. 

Et hie efit rpdditiw de OotiraioK qui renianet ipsi Isadsllk 
(*t OlivciM) viro eno : — Knliccl, de term H^re . . . . xl' L>t obo- 
liu, ct dp trrni Baibilphi fralrid iijiisdem, xl' et obolns, et ds 
Iifrra Eiluriti fnitri« eorundeni, xH et nboloii, et de bom I 




PEDES FINIUM. 247 

bcrti filii Radulphi et Henrici fratria aui, xxviij'' ot obolue, et 
de terra Ricardi WaUenaia, ij*, et de terra Reginaldi de Tenilland 
sxxij* et quadrans, et de terra Simonis filii Stephnni, vij'' ct 
quadrans, et do terra Radnlphi filii Sansonis, ij* et iij oboli, et 
de terra E^wardi de Ponte, xix'*, et de terra Lofseti, iiij*. 

De HuDiMEKB, de terra Sansonis del Broc, iiij' et vj*. 

Et sciendum est, qnod post obitnm ipsius laabelle, predicti 
xzx. aolidi redditas, in terria et in hominibus, redibunt prenorai- 
nato Btephano et lieredibua suis. 

Et preterea, pro hoc fine et concordia, dodit prcdictua Ste- 
pfUNCs prc-Qominato Olivbbo et Ibabbllb uxori aue xl" eaterlin- 

Simon do Crodinton = leabella = Oliver do Ardcii. 
(dead) 1197. 1197. 1197, 



XVI.— (II.) 

t9th.Timc. U97. 8Hic. I.] 

{Benedict de DappeLcae, plaintiil', (luitclaiina to Adam Esmbi, temuit, 

and his lieire, all right in a rent of niikreii BhiUinga and teapcnce ia Lan- 

gesstrod, in a rccognizDnc« of Mortdauncestor.) 

Hec est finalis concordia fat^ta in Curia domini Regis apnd 
VVestnionasteriiun, die Lune proxima post octabaa Sanute 
Trinitatis, anno regni Regis Ricardi viij". 

Coram H. Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo, Radulpho Hereford- 
ensi, Ricardo Elyensi, Archidiacouis, Magistro Thoma de 
Husaebnm, Kicardo de Heriet, Oaberto filio Hervei, Siniono do 
Patcshill .... geri, Jtiaticiariis, et aliis fidelibns domini Regis 
ibidem tunc presentibus. 

Inter Bekbdictuu de DAFpnESE, petcntem, ot Adah Escabi, 
tenentem. 

De I'j aoUdia, et , . . . itus in Lanbebstkod, 

Unde recognicio de morto antecessoris' summonita (iiit inter 
eoB in prefata Curia, scilicet quod predictua Benkdictcs .... 

' '"The writ of MortJannceBtor lieth, whore my faUier, or mother, brother 
or BiNtor, nacio or aunt, or nephew or nicc«. die itcixe<l of uiy Inndn, tenc- 
menti. or ivnt«. or of a. corotljr or othor rents, as hciis and capons, issuing 
out of othiT lauds of an estatu in fee-simple ; nuw if a straagcr aflcrthuir 



MS 



■ diBarit prediela Am Ekah it hiiiiBlMi ■lii. e 

. de le H Im(«£1m» hh^ in patpa 

B( prokoe fineeC ceae u r dk et qmeco damia, predicOu Aimm 
Ekam dedit prefitto F 



XVn.— (18.) 

[UNh Oatobov UST. » Hie. L] 

(Kty— liia>OonJMa«»JMi>iflJ«h» vifr qvtehiv fafifciMiIic 

•aa Ibdr iMtn I0 Bogv, tk« AUm* of St. An^wtia^ Md &» CoBnat 

■ totkeSlewB^tip4)rAeMidAbbcT,fi)r<rhMb ilw 



■Mafcfc Bad M^ a«H of had Iji^bttmeallKhfkaf liUMtovaaaMl 
WoUda, la W held to Owm and (bar ban, of the mU Abtigt a^ Ona. 
nat, by Ika Ace Mtriee of tv«h« peaw pra-umtuo.) 

Hec est finalis ooncordis &cta in Curia doiniiu Begis, apod 
Weatmonaateriiim, tj° die post tnuulatiutLem Saacti Edwiudi, 
anno regiu Regis Bicardi is'. 

Coram H. Cantoariensi Archippiscopo, BandnlpJio Herefor- 
densi, Kicardo Elieiui, Arckidiaooois, magistro Thoma de Hnsae- 
hume, Ricardo de Heriet, Simone de Pateshnll, Osbcrto &Ha 
Hervei, Jnsticiariis, et alits fidelibas domini Regis ibidem tanc 
presentibiui. 

Inter Reoixalpl-m oe CoBxnKLL,^ et Matilsam uxorcm saam, 
per tp«uin Heginaldnm, positum in loco boo ad Incrandom rel 
pordeadum, petentes, et RrxiEitux Abbatkm ve Saxct<> Anotrs- 
Ttxci, CAjmrARis, et EJiudem loci Conveatum, tcDenles. 

Do Senescancia cjnsdem Abbatie, com pertinencits. 



Uutland. 
lofHoii- 



■IpsiIui a1iat« li.i!. inlrudc bcttrocD ftnd hold iU«g»I pOMeesioD] 
rpnt, or profit, I. who &m liia heir, sliaU haTc tliis «ril of am. 
lUminwlor."— FiUWrbcrt. Dc >'atura BreT. 195, C. 

Thin writ directed thn ntK-rifT to summon b jury or tunixe, who were lo 
now tlio louil in queatiuu and recognize whe Iher eucIi ancestor httd bem 
MikmI thereof fin th(t da; of bin dpjith, and whether the dcDianiLuit 
Itn* nt'it of kin ; loon aftir wliii-h ihe JuJ|;08 L-anie donn hy the Itoyal 
ctiRiniiMion tu laku tite recognition uf asaiso: uhtm, if tliesr? pninl« were 
found tn lliu nlllrnuitiTn, th? law immi-diatrljr traniri'rred the puwe«#ion 
IVoin the l«UBot to th<> di'mondiuil. (Hbckftouc, vol.iii., p, 191, od. 1867.) 

' It i» *■ Curnh " iu onRuial. 



■y -5 ^ <; '? 









„6 f--~ <i>'.>l4. 



^'Ti 






J 



PEDES FINIUM. 249 

Unde placitum fuit inter eos in prefata Curia, scilicet quod 
predict! Reoinaldus, et Matilda uxor sua, reraisenmt et quie- 
tnin clamavemnt prenominato Rogero Abbati, et ejusdem loci 
Conventui, totum jus, et clamium suum quod habuerunt iu pre- 
dicts Senescancia prenomiuate Abbatio, cuni pertinenciis, de 
eis et heredibuB eomin, in perpetuum. 

Et pro hoc fine et coucordia et quieto clamlo, predicti Hook- 
bub Abbas, et Conventus, dederunt prefatia Reqinaldo et Ma- 
TiLDE uxori sue, quaterviginti marcaa argenti, et quinquagiuta 
acras terre, cum pertineuciis, que jacent inter parcuui du LiT- 
TLEBUBNE et WoLTPN,' quas Clekenbadd* tradidit Hamnni filio 
Rogeri, tenendas ipsi Reoinaldo be Cornekell, ct Matilde 
uxori sue, et heredibus eorum, de prenominato Rogero Abbate 
-et ejuadem loci Convcnta, per Jiberum servicium xij'' per annum, 
pro omni Borvicio, ad festum Sancti MichaeliB persolvoudoruui. 



fe 



Beginald de Comhell = Uatilda. 



XVin.— {2-1.) 
[20 October. 1197, 9 Kc. I.] 
(Philip DanmHTtin and Lecia de ChelcafflJ liia wife, acknowledge to 
GeofFrcj Filz Piers ciglit nores of meadow in Sutton, and ihu wntercourao 
tlicroin, as his right and Tee ; for whii'U tlio Baid GeofiVej Filz Piers granU 
to tlic anid Philip Danmartiu and Lecia his wife, and their heira, the said 
meadow, to hold of hini and bia bcirs, by the free Berviee of five shilliiigH 
per annum.) 

Hec est finalis concordia facta in Curia domini Regis apud 
Westmonastcrium, die Lune post fcstnm Sancti Luce Evange- 
liate, anno regui Regis Ricardi is". 

Coram H. Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo, Radulpho Hereford- 
enBi, Ricanlo ElieuHi^ Archidiaconis, magistro Thoma de Knssc- 
bume, Ricardo de Heriet, Simone do I'atesliull, Osberto filio 
Bcrvei, Justiciariis, et aliis fidelibus dicti Regis ibidem tunc 
presentibus. 

Int«r GALFBiDrH filium Petri, petentem, per Willclmum de 
Wrotham, positnm in loco suo ad lucranJuiu vt;l perdendunij et 

' Walton iit a manur iu Litllebourue. 

' Clorenliaud woe the Abbot oblrudod hv ibe Kiiij; on ibi* Coaveot in 

11163, and depoecil ill ll'rt. 



250 



PEDES FlHrUM. 



ctmiil 



PHonrtrii de DAnusm et Lbciah de CnKLiaFKu, 

snitiQi teneotea. 

De viij acris prati, cum pertinBntiiB, in SorrnirB, et de c 
aqae qni antiqoittis solebat carrere ia prato flJo. 

Untie placitum fiijt inter cob in prefata Curia, scilicet aaod 
predicti Phiuppcb Danmaktis et Lecu uxor sna recognovenint 
predicto Galfkido filio Petri, predlctam pratum cum pertiuen 
tils, esse jus suum et feodum saiun. Et concessemnt, pro se 
et heredibns eonim, predicto Galfbido et heredibua euia cii- 
sum predict* aque esse in prato illo, quantam ad eos pertinet 

Et pro httc recognitione et concesdone prudictus Giu-Rmpg 
filius Petri concessit predictia Philippo Dakmaktin and Lbcis 
uxori ojns, et herodibns eorum, totum predictom pratum cam 
pertiiienciia, tenendum de se et herodibua suia, in perptituum 
per liberum aervicium v sobdorum per onumn, pro omiii B^r- J 
vicio, ad festum Sancti Michaelis, peraolvendorom,' j 



Fliiiip de Danntartin = Lecift de CLeleafeld. 



XIX.— (20.) 
[14 NoTember, IIW, 9 EJo. I.] 
(Gcofircj Fitz Picra quitclaims to Folco the Abbot, and the ConviMit of 
Losues, his right of pasture in North Ocholte, whieJi the said Geoffrey 
c-laimed to be the commun pasture of Sutton ; for which the said Abbot 
and Convent, with consent of said Geofirey, giro to William do Wroth»in 
and his heirs thirty acres in Ocholte, lying between he Ilaee and the Isaid 
of Simon to Hert, to be held of tuud Abbot and Convent for ever, by oae 
pound of cummin per aimuro.) 

Hec est fiaalia concordia facta in Curia domini Regis apud 
WestmonaatGrinm, in crastino Sancti Bricii, anno regni Regis 
Ricardi nono. 

Coram domino H. Cantuariensi Archiepiacopo, Rodnlplio 
Herefordenai, Ricardo Eliensi, Arcbidiaconia, magiatro Thoma 

' By a reference to tho accompanying facsimile, it will be seen that to 
ciinh Fine the name of the county to which it rektes !s added at the foot, 
(Uid at tlie top of tho Fine are portions of U-ttcrs. tho remainder of tlimi 
being on tho oouuUirpart. wliicb wn« cat aS and delivered to the purties, 
the cut being iniulp through the centre of llic letk-ra, m in tho foil and 
counterfoil of biuikew' eliCKinee. for fiilure rcrifieation. 



PEDES FINIUM. 



251 



de HasEebume, Ricardo de Herierd, Willolmo do Waren, Jqs- 
ticiariis, et aliis Bdelibua domini Regis ibidem tunc presentibus. 

Inter Galvkidcm filium Petri, petentem, per Willelmmn de 
Wrotham, posittim loco auo ad lucrandum vol perdenduin, et 
FoLCONKM A-BBATEM, et Conventiun de Lesnes, tenenteB. 

Do pastura in Nohd Ocholte,^ quam ipae Galfeidob clamsbat 
esBB communem paatnram de Sdttcke. 

Unde placitQtn fuit inter cos in prefata Cnria, scilicet quod 
predictna Galfridub filias Petri remiait et quietum clamavit pre- 
dictia Abbati et Conventui de Lebnes, pro amore Dei, et beate 
Mario, et beati Thome Martlris, et omnium Sanctorum Dei, to- 
tum jus et clamium suuni quod liabuit in predicta pastura, do 
se et de beredibus Buis, in perpotnum. 

Et pro hoc fine et concordia et quieto clamio, predicti Abbas 
et Conventus dederunt, concensu et voluntate predicti Galfhidi, 
prefiito WiLLELUO de Wbotham et beredibus Buis, triginta acraa 
terre in Ocholt, tenendaB de predictis Abbate et Couventu in 
perpetuum, per liberum aervicium onina hbre cumiui per annum, 
pro omni ser\-icio, ad festum Sancti Michaelis reddendum. Et 
ille predict* triginta aero aunt inter le Haec et terram Simonjb 
le Hekt. 



XX.— (22.) 

[15 November, 11B7, 9 Ric. I.] 
(Honpyde Scomes, io a recognizance of Mortd'AnceHtor.remiBeB to Jfirae« 
and TlioniM. Bons of Ihc late Bolrart de Fn^elcaton, all claini in one and a 
half yolto, less Ihree acn>a and oae perch, iu Cobham, and in t" o acres and 
a half uf meadow in Sliome, and in one yoke in Hoo, and in the acrvice of 
one joke in East Herting, and in aerenteen acres in Cobham, which wore 
Ilobert de Heested'a ; fur which they give to said Honr; thirty-lire marltB, 
ttiid be promisea never to plead, with Kmma do Dunclcia, against them, for 
the lands whereof ho has called the said Emma to warranty.) 

Heo est finnlis concordia facta in Curia domini Regis apnd 
Westinouosttirium, die Sabbati proxima post festum Sancti 
Martini, anno regni Regis Ricardi nono. 

Coram domino H. Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo, Radulpho 
Herefordenai, Ricardo Eliensi, Arcliidiot'onis, mugiHtro Thoma 



,--■■ -.»i 



■ f 



sa. 



r ,— 



>»• ii 



" L -"? « 









rT.* . 






V'.i'tnsi:. ■ o'imI ^ ::. . 




11:1 :i'TT. . •.mXt 



.All _ I'jazauuiii 
■nr 'inuine* . ir 3 iira^ tr:^ 



J... 



I 

PEDES FIN'IUM. 



XXI.— (17.) 
[18 NoTember, 1197, 8 Bic. I.] 
(ijniiiiis dc Bidiaden quit^Iamts to William the Capellsn and bis heirs, 
one und s half yoke of land in the tenure of Aldington, in Eoirmey Marah ; 
the said William and his heirs to pay one shilling per annum to aaid Aini- 
sius for all aerrico due to the Archbishop of Canterbury. For thie quil- 
ehum the said William givca the said Amisius forty-six marks.) 

Hec est finalia concordia facta in Curia domiiii Rogia apud 
Westmonaaterium, in octnbis Sancti Martini, aimo regni Regis 
Ricardi ix". 

Coram domino H. Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo, Badulplio 
Hercfordensi, Rioardo Elienai, Archidiaconia, magistro 'JTioma 
de Hussebume, Willelmo de Warenne, Ricardo de Herierde, 
Osberto, filio Heruei, Justiciariis, et aliis Baronibus et fidelibus 
domini Rogis tiinc ibi presentibus. 

Inter Willelhcu Capellanum, petentem, et Amisiltm do Bi- 
DiNDEN, lenentem. 

De nno jugo terre et dimidio, cum pertinentiifi, in tecementu 
de AuiiNTON, in marisco de Romkmell. 

tinde placitum fiiit inter eos in eadem Cnria, aciiicet quod 
prodictus Auisirs quictam clamavit, prt-dicto Wiij.ki.eo et hert- 
dilma suia, totain predictam terrain, de se et heredibua suis, in 
porpetuum. 

Et idem WiLLELurs et heredes sui, reddent eidem AMiaio et 
bcrcdibuB suiH, xij deuarios aimuatim, pro omni servicio aalvo 
servicio domini Cantuaricnsia Archiopiaeopi, medietatem, sci- 
licet, ad mediam Quadragesimam, et medietatem, ad featum 
Sancti Micliaelia, auper idem tenementum. 

Et pro hoc fine et concordia et qnieto claraio, idem Willel- 
Mca dedit predict© Amisio quadraginta aex marcaa argenti, Et 
idem Asisius et heredes aui, warantizabunt predictam terram, 
predicto Willclmo et heredibas snis, contra omnes homines. 



the denomination! of many of the different ineaeures of land were taken 
from the extent of work whiL'b eould be dune ia n given period, vnrjiug 
necesaarily ivitb the nature of the soil, it ia iupossiblo to oasign the mett- 
nny given cbbi' «ilh eiLaetneSB, 



I'EDES FIXIUM. 



XXn.— (26.) 
[16Apn],1198, 9Ric. L] 
(Nicholu E^tx Baldwin qnitcluma to the Prior and Convent iX C 
bury, three acreB between Worth((ate and die Hospital of St. Junu, for 
o(iP besant.) 

Hec est Rnalis concordia facta in Ciiria domini Regis a 
Wc'stmonaEjterium, die Jovis proxima post xv dies Poeche, a 
regni Regis Ricardi ix". 

Coram domino H- Cantaariensi Archiepiscopo.Ricardo Blifi 
Arcliidiacono, magistro Thoiua de Uussebuni, Ricardo de I 
riord, Osberto filio Heruei, Johanne de Gestligos, Justiciarii^^ 
et aliis Baronibus et fidclibns domini Regis taoc ibi presentibos. 

Inter Nicholaum filium Baldewini, petenlcmj et Prio&km 
Cantuahie, tenentem, per Stephanuia de Berkinge, positum 
loco 8UO ad lucrandum vel perdendum. ^H 

De tribua acris terre, cum pertinentiie, inter Wrtoatb l^k 
Hospitalem Sancti Jacobi. ^^ 

Unde placitum fuit inter eoa in prefata Curia, scilicet qnod 
predictus Nicholads remisit ot quietum elamavit predicto Pttiu&i 
et Conventui, totiim jna et clamium Bunm quod habait ii 
dictia tribua acris terra, de se et heredibua suis, in perpetnn] 

Et pro hoc fine ot concordia et quieto clamio, predictus Pai 
dedit predicto Nicholao unum besantitun. 



XXIII.— (21.) 
[1 June, 1193. 9 ffic. I.] 
No. 1. Hveiiam iif Simon de. Chele^eld' ! EttaU among the three C 

(Philip de Danninrtin and Lcria his wife, grant to their nephewT 
EBCollant. son of Alice, pldest daughter of Siroon de Chfilcsfeld (i 
of snid Lceia) one hundred shillinga rent in Chelesfeld, diiring the Ii 
JuIianA, mother of eaid Leuta ; atVcr the death of eaid Juliana, the ■ 
Thonifu and his heirs shall hold aa ranch of the land of Fomigham ai 
within the parish of Horton, which Juliana holds in dower, as of the |^ 
of her lDt« husband Simon do Chelesfold ; and then the said one hu 
shillings rent la Chclesfcld shall revert to said Philip and LeciA w 
heirs of said Xiecia. Moreover, the said Philip and Lecia grant to the m 
Thomafl and his heirs, one of the two knight's-fces wliieh John de i 



PEDES FLNlL"\r. Jo-J 

ton LoldB of the fee of tlie said Simoa de CheleBreld, fiz. half In Farn- 
boTough and half in Strood ; and half a kuight's-fec in Caldt'eute nliick the 
Baid Philip holds of the suno fea ; and the third part of a kuight's-fce which 
Reginald Flemeng holds in Famborough, to be received from the hands 
of the said Juliana during her life, being of her dower, and after her 
death, from the hands of the Baid Beginald and his heirs. For tliia, the 
eaid Thomiu and his heira quitclaim to said Philip and Lecia, and the hein 
of sud Lecia, all the surplusage of his ulaim, and Philip and Lecis give to 
said Thonuu tffelre marks.) 

Hcc est finalia concordia facta iu Curia domini Regis apnd 
Westinooaaterium, die Lone proxiina poat xv dies Pentecoate, 
aimo regni Regis Ricardi ix°. 

Coram domino H. Cantuariensi ArchiepiBcopo, Ricardo Eli- 
ensi Archidiacono, magiatro Thoma de Husaehunie, Willelmo 
de Warenne, Ricardo de Herierd, Oaberto filio Heruei, Johajme 
de Geatliges, Justiciariia, et aliis Baronibua et fidelibuH domini 
Regis tone ibi presentibua. 

InterTHOMAiiEscoLLANTfiliiim Alicie primogenite filie Smo- 
(fia de CiiELESFELD, petetitem, et Philippdm de Danmabtin et 
Lbciah usorem suam et materteram predict! ThomEj tenentea. 

De tota tercia parte tetre que fuit predict! Bdionis, scilicet, 
de feodis v milituin. 

Unde ptacitum fuit inter eoa in prefata Curia, scilicet qnod 
predicti Philippub et Lecia coneeaseruiit ipsi Thome, centum 
aolidos redditua in Chelesfeld, tenendoa ad vitam Juliake 
matria predicte Lecie. Et poat decessum ipsius Juliane, predic- 
tua Thouab et heredes aui tenebiint terram de Feknigeuam, 
cum pertinentiis suis, quantum eat infra parochiam de Hobtof, 
quaiD Jduana tenet in dotem suam, de dono SiMONia do Che- 
lesfeld, quondam viri suij et tunc revertentur ad ipsos Philip- 
I'DM et Leciah, et ad heredea ipaiuB Lecib, predict! c solidi red- 
ditua in Chelesfeld quieCi de ipao Thuma, et heredibuB suis. 

Et preterea, idem PniLippoa et Lecia concesserunt ipsi Thome, 
et heredibus suis, servicium unius militia, de iUis duobua militi- 
bu3 qooa Johankbs de Godinton tenet de feodo predicti SrHONia 
de Chelesfeld, scilicet, dimidium in Fernibeboe,' et dimidiam 
in STBODBa, et aervicium dimidii militia in Caldecote, quod idem 
Phiuppcb tenet de eodem feodo; et serricium tercie partiaj 
militis quod Rsqikaldds FLEJtENa tenet in Frenibekge,' recipi- 

' Femiberge and Frciiiberge, i.e. Famborouuh. Cftldecole was in Chels- 



236 



PEDES Frjrmi. 



endum per manum predicte Juliane, in vita sua, quia e 
dote soa ; et, post decessum ipaius JuLUice, per maniim pre 
Reoikalsi, et heredum suomm. 

Et pro hoc fine et donacione predictns Thomas, et 1 
sui, qiiietoni clamavermit predictis F'hiuppi et Lecie, et hew 
bns ipsins Lecie, totnm Bnperplii»igiani de claniio euo. 
hoc fine, predictas PHiLirrrs et Lecia dedonint ipsi Ta 
marcas argenti. 

Sinion de Chelesfeld = JnUana. 
Di-ad liyS. I 1198. 



E8collant:?:AlieU de Chclesfuld. 
DomI 1198. Dead 1198. 

I Eldest daughter. 

Tbomu Eseollant. 

1198. 



Philip de Danmartin ^ Ltwia. 
use. 1198. 



XXIV.— (25.) 
[lJnnell98.9E)c.I.] 

No. 2. IHvino* nf Simonilv Chelei^Mt EHale among the three Coheirtttr*. 
(Philip de Sanniartm and Lei^ia his wiTe grant to Philip de Dine, son of 
Sarah, danghter of Simon de Chelesfeld, six pounds rent ia Cbeleefeld, for 
life of Jalionn. mother of said Leeia de Chelesfeld, which aAer death <if 
■aid Juliana is to rerert to Boid Philip de Danmartin and Lecia his wife, 
and the heirs of said Lecia. The Baid Philip de Dine and his hein, t« hare 
all the land of Elmc, which said Juliana has in dower. Sdorcoror, the said 
Phihp de Dsmnartin and Lecia his wife grant to said Philip de Dints the 
lerricc of one knight, of the fee of John de Godintoa, in Godinton i and 
the lernce of one ktiiglit, of the fee of John de Bcrton, of the fee of said 
Simon. The inarriflge of Sarah the mother of said Philip ite Dine, in 
Ilecham and Maestonc, slialt remain to said Philip.' Por this, the said 
Philip de Dine and his heirs quitclaim to Philip de Danmartin uid Lecia 
his wife, and the heirs of said Lecia. all the surpliuiage of his claim ; and 
the said Philip and Lecia ^re to Philip de Dine tncntj marks.) 

Hec est finalis concordia facta, in Curia domini Regia apod 
Wcstmonasterium, die Lune proxima post xv dies Pentecoste, 
anno regui Regis Ricardi nono. 

Coram domino H. Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo, Bicardo Elj- 

Ccld. For an extract from an early book of Knights-Fces in Kent, eon- 
firming our idonlificstion of these places, see " Addenda." p. 887. See also 
remarVe at pp. 286, 286. 

' Tlie widow of ooe who held !iy Knight-serrirc could not marry again 



PEDES FIN1U.M. 



257 



ensi ArcHdiacouo, magistro Thoma de Huascbumc, Willelmo 
de Warenne, Ricardo de Heriord, Oaberto filio Heruei, Johanne 
do GestUng, Justiciariia, et alJis Baronibus et fidelibus domini 
Regis ibidem tunc presentibus. 

Inter Phiuppcm de Dink,' filiam Saeee, filie Sihoms de 
Chelepeld, petentera, et Philippch et Lecuh, tenentes. 

De tercia parte terre que fuit SiMoyis de Chelesfbld. 

Unde placitum fuit inter eos in prefata Curia, scilicet quod 
predictua Philipfus de Danmaktin et Lecia uxor sua, coucessc- 
runt prefato Puilippci db Dine et heredibua Buis, vj Ubrataa 
redditus in Cbelesfeld, tenendas ad vitatn Jitliane matria Leciid 
DE Ceelesfeld ; et post obitnin ipsius Jdliake revertentur pre- 
dicte vj bbrate redditua predictia Philieto de Danmartis et 
Lecie uxori sue, et hcredibua ipsiua Lecie. 

Et ipse Philippds db Dike et heredes sui babebunt totani 
terram de EtMB," cum pertinentiis, quam ipsa Jdliana tenet in 
dotem de dono prodicti SiMoms de Chelesfbld. 

Et preterea, predictus Philiffds de Danmaktin et Lecia uxor 
sua, coDcessenint eidem Philippo db Dika servicium j militia 
de feodo Johanni3 de Godinton, in Godinton, c-t servicium j 
militis de feodo Johannis rb Bbbton, de feodo predicti Slhonis. 

Et Philippo de Dina, et heredibua auis, romanet maritagium 
Sabre matris predicti Philippi in Hecuam,' et in Macbtone. 

without lieensB of the lord of the fee. " Mnritagium " signiSes the liberty 
to marry thus given by the lord. In Magna Cbarta tlic clause relative to 
widows stands thuB ; — " A w idow, after the death of her husband, aball 
immediately, and without difficulty, hare her ' maritagium ' and her inho- 
ritanoe. Nor ghoU she gire anytbiug for her dower, or for hor marriage, 
or for her inheritance, whidi her huBband and she held at tlie day of liia 
death, and she may remain in her huiband's house for forty days after hia 
death, within which time her dower shall be asBigncd. So widow shall 
bo distrained to marry while she chooses to live without a husband i in 
such wise, however, that she give security tliat she will not marry without 
onr consent, if she hold of us, or without the consent of the lord of whom 
she does hold, if she hold of another." And these ore only expansions of 
the charter of Henry I. The consent of the lord previoos to any futuri' 
maniage waa with good reason required, in order, first, that widows of the 
King's capite tenants should not marry with his enemies ; and secondly, 
that they should not be united to strangers, by whose means tlio treasure 
of the realm might be carried out of tlm oountry. 



' P Dine. 

' Probably UigUan 



F Elino, EInJe, Elvic. EUrc. 



258 PEDES FIXIUM. 

Fit pro hoc fine ct conconlia et donaciono, predictus PniLippus 
in: Din A, et herodes sui, quiotum clamaverunt predictis PniLiPPO 
DE Dammartin, ot Lecie uxori sue, et heredibus ipsius Lecie, to- 
tum supeq^lusagium de clamio auo. Et predicti Philippus et 
Lecia dederunt ipsi Philippo de Dine viginti marcas argenti. 



Simon de Chelesfcldzp Juliana. 
Dead 1198. ( 1198. 



de Dine==Sfmih do Chelesfeld. Philip de Danmartin=LcK;ia. 

Dead 1198. 1198. 1198. 1198. 

Philip de Dine. 
1198. 



XXV.— (19.) 

[5 June, 1198, 9 Bic. I.] 

A Martgatje. 

(Maurice de Perieres quitclaims to Eudo Pateric a debt of twenty pounds 
for twelve pounds ten shillings, which the said Eudo has assigned to said 
Maurice, to be received out of his rente within five years, by the handa of 
tenants who have acknowledged themselves, in Court, as liable to fifty shil- 
lings of rent each to said Eudo.) 

Hec est finalis concordia facta in Curia domini Regis apud 
Westmonasterium, die Veneris proxima post octavas Sancti 
Trinitatis, anno regni Regis Ricardi ix^\ 

Coram domino H. Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo, Ricardo Eli- 
ensi Archidiacono, magistro Thoma de Hussebume, Willelmo 
do Warcnne, Ricardo de Hcrierd, Osberto filio Heruei, Johanne 
do Gcstliges, Justiciariis, et aliis Baronibus et fidelibus domini 
Regis tunc ibi presentibus. 

Inter Mauricium de Pekieres, petentem, et Eudonem Pateric, 
dcbentcm. 

De XX libris argenti quas idem Maubicius clamat versus pre- 
dictum Eudonem in prefata Curia. 

Scilicet quod predictus Mauricius remisit et quietas clama- 
vit predicto Eudoni predictas xx libras, pro xij libris argenti et 
dimidiam, quas idem Eudo assignavit predicto Maubicio, reci- 
piendas de redditu suo infra v annos, scilicet, per mannm Hen- 



l-EDES FINIUM. 



259 



rici presbiteri, et per mttnum Ado Petevin, et per mftnum 
Ricardi de Idole, et per manum Einme de Sander; acilieefc, de 
his omuibos quinquaginta aolidoa aimuatiin. Nam predicti Heti- 
riciiH et Adam et Bicardus et Emma recognovcnmt in Curia 
domiui Regis, quod tantum ei debuerunt aunuatim de censu. 

Terminus iete primus incipiet a Natali proximo post introni- 
zncioDem Eustacii Elienms Episcopi. 



XXVI.— (23.) 

[7 Jmie, 1198, 9 Bic. I.] 

(John Brotel and Bobert Lis eon acknowledge? forty-five ncnw ia Slreet 

to 1» (lie right of the ArcbbiiUop of Cautflrbiiry and liis aueecasors. The 

Archbishop f(iveB twenty-seren marks far tliis acknowlrdgmoiit.) 

Hec est finalis concordia facta in Curia domini Epgia apud 
Westmoaastorium, in xv dies post festum Sancto Trinitatia, 
an^io regni Regis Ricardi ix"". 

Coram Ricardo BHiensi Archidiacono, magistro Thoma do 
Husaebnme, Willelmo de Warenn, Ricardo de Herierd, Os- 
borto filio Hemoi, Johanne do Gestliges, Juaticiariia, et aliis 
Barouibufi ot fidellbus domini Regis tunc ibi preaentibns. 

Inter dominum H. Cantcariensem ARCHiEFiacorrMj petentem, 
et JoHANNEM Bketel, ot RoBERTuu filium suum, teneates. 

De xlv acris terre, cum pertinentiis, in Stratks.' 

Unde placitmn fuit inter gob in prefata Curia, scilicet quod 
predicti Johankeb et Robeetds recognoverunt totaa predictaa 
xlv acraa terre, cum pertinentiis, esse jus predicti Arcliiopis- 
copi et succoRsorum ejus. 

Et pro bac recognicione et quicto clamio, pi-edictus H. Ar- 
cbiepiscopua dedit predictis Johakdi et Robebto xxvij marcas 
I argenti. 

John Brutel^ 
1198. 



Bobert Bretel. 



P The BorouK)) "f Street, in Minslcr Tlumet. or (tie Huudivd of Street. 



PEDES FINIUM. 261 

Inter Johannem de Sipherstb, petentem, et Nicolauu filium 
WiLLELMi, tenentem. 

De ij acris terre et djmidia, cam pertinentiis, in Siphbhstb.^ 
Unde recognicio de morte antecessoria saiumonita fuit inter 
eoa in preftita Curia, scilicet quod predictua Johannss romisit 
et quietum clamavit predicto Nicolao et herodibua suia, totum 
jus et clamiam quod habet in predicts terra, de se et Leredibns 
Buia, in perpetuam. 

XXIX.— (36.) 

[7th November, 1198, 10 Ric. I.] 

(In B recognizance of MortdaunceBtor, Halpk de Ilodeaholo ai?knOH'- 

ledgea ten acres in SoutMeet to be the riglit wiJ inheritance of Jordan, 

Simon, John, and William, sous of Soger, in Southfleet, for one mark.) 

Hec eat tiualis concordia facta in Curia domini Regis apud 
Beremundeaeiam, die Sabbati proxima ante featum Sancti Mar- 
tini, anno regni Regis Ricardi x. 

Coram G. fiHo Petri, etc. [ut in No. 27.] 

Inter Jordanum, et Siuonem, et Johannem, et WiLLBmcB 
filii {sic} BooERi, petentea, et Radulphum de Hodeshole, tenen- 
tem. 

De X acris terre, cam pertinentiis, in Sudpletb. 

Unde recognicio de morte antecessoris summonita fuit inter 
eos in prefata Curia, scilicet quod predictus Radhlphds recogno- 
vit totam predictam terram, com pertinentiis, esse jua et heredi- 
tatem predictorum Jordani et SiMomaet JosANNiset Willklmi. 

Et proboc fineot concordia et recognicione, predicti JoBDANlia 
et Simon et Johannes et WiLLELStra dedenint predicto Raddl- 
THO j marcam argenti. 



XXX.— (31.) 

[Sunday, 9tb Novembor. 1198, 10 Hie. I.] 

(In a recogniEonco of Mortdauncestor, Ealph do Hodeiihule ncknow- 

ledgea three aerra in SouthHect as the right and inbcritouoo of Jordan, 

Simon, John, and Willittm, houb of Roger, for half a mark.) 

Hec est iinalie concordia facta in Curia domini Regis apud 
' Probably SUiphurst, a manor in Marden, 



202 PEDES FINIUM. 

Horoiuuiulosoiam, die Linio proxima ante fcstum Sajicti Martini^ 
anno rogni Hrgis Uicardi x. 

Coram G. iiliu Petri, etc. [ut iii No. 27.] 

Inter Joriuxum ct »Simoxem et Johannem et Willelmum 
tilii (sir) KoGERi, petentes, et Raduu'Hum db Hodesuole, te- 
uentem. 

I)e tribus acris teire, cum pertinent iis, in Sudflete. 

Untie recopiiicio de niorte antecessoris summonita fuit inter 
eos in prefata Curia, scilicet, quod prcdictus Kadulphus recogno- 
vit totam predictam temim, cum pertinontiis, esse jus et heredi- 
tatem ]>redictorum Jordaxi et SiMOXis et Joiiannis et Willelmi. 

Et ]>ro hoc line et concordia et recogiiicione, predict! Jor- 
lUNVS et SiMox et Johannes et Willelmus dederunt predieto 
irvnuLiMio dimidiam marcani argenti. 



XXXI.— {:i2.) 

[9tli November, 1198, 10 Eic. I.] 

(In n riH'opiizancc of Mortdauncestor, Nicliolas Fitz William acknow- 
UhI^os half a vir^ate * of laud in Shcldwieh, to be the right and inheritance 
of J dm dc Sc'ipherste ; for which the said John gives the said Nicholas 
five acres and thrive parts of an acre of the same land, in the field of 
Stockot, to be held of him and his heirs, by the said Nicholas and his heirs, 
1)3' one shilling per annum.) 

Hec est finalis concordia facta in Curia domini Begis apud 
Herennnuleseiam, die Lune proxima ante festum Sancti Martini^ 
anno regni Kegis Kicardi x. 

Coram G. filio Petri, etc. [ut in No. 27.] 

Inter JouAXXEM de Scipherste, petentem, et Nicolaum filiom 
WiLLKLMi, tenentem. 

Ue dimidia virgata terre, cum pertinentiis, in Sceldwike. 

Unde recognicio de morte antecessoris summonita fuit inter 
eos in prefata Curia, scilicet quod predictus Nicolaus recognovit 
totam predictam terram, cum pertinentiis, ut jus et hereditatem 
predict! Johannis. 

' The virgate, or yardland, varied too much to assign its proper measure 
with any certainty ; sometimes it is a quarter of a hide, sometimes fifteen, 
twenty, or thirty acres. " Virgate," in its more ordinary use, is a rood, a 
quarter of an aero. See note, p. 262. 



PEDES FimUM. 



263 



Et pro hoc fine et concordia et recognitione, predictua Jo- 
hannes dedit predicto Nicolao v acras teiTe et 3 partes j acre 
terre, cura pertinentUs, de eadcm terra ; scilicet, in campo de 
Stocket, tenendos du se et de heredjbus suis, sibi et horodibus 
Bnia, in perpetuum, per libenim servHcium xij denariorum per 
annum, pro omni servicio, rcddendoi-um ad dnoa terminos anni ; 
scilicet, ad festum Sancti Micbaelis TJ denarioa, et ad Paschsm 
vj denarios, 



XXXII.— (46.) 
[9th Noreniber, U98. 10 Hie. I.] 
(In a. recognicAnce of Uortdau aces tor, William Fitz Bruning acfaiQT- 
ItKlges half a virgnte uf land iu Sheldwich to Jolio de Siplierete, as his 
riKht and iuheritant-e ; for whicL iLo said John gives the aaid Willium ono 
acre and a half iu the field of Hiirjge fMaiigeP) to be held uf liim and liis 
heirs, by said William and his heira, by service ofeightpcncu per BMinm. 
The said John further gives the said William five sbiilioge sterling.) 

Hec est finalis concordia facta in Curia domini Regis apud 
Beremandeseiani, die Lunc proxima ante featum Sancti Martini, 
anno regni Regia Ricardi x°. 

Coram G. filio Petri, etc. [nt in No. 27.] 

Inter Johannbm db Sipbehste, petontem, et Willelmttm filium 
Bausrao,' tenentem. 

De dimidia virgata terre, cum pertinentlis, in Sceldwii;. 

Un3e recognicio do morte antecessoris summonita fuit inter 
COS in prefata Curia, scilicet quod prcdictua Willblmds recog- 
tiorit totam predictam terram, cum pertinentiis, ease jus et 
hcreditatem predict! Johannib. 

Et pro hoc fine et concordia et recognicione, predictua Jo- 
UAKHKa dedit predicto Will£Liio j scram terre et dimidiam, in 
campo de Habioe,^ teaendam de sc et de heredibus suis, aibi et 
heredibua auis, in perpetuum, per libernm servicium viij dena- 
riornm per ^nnntn pro omni servicio, reddendorum ad ij termi- 
noa anni ; scilicet, ad festum Sancti Michaelia iiij denarius, et ad 
Pascham iiij deuarios. 

Et preter lioc, predictus Johannes dedit pi-edicto Willelmo 
V aolidoB esterlingurnm. 

' ¥ Marigc. 



lit) t PKDES FINIUM. 



XXXIIL— (33.) 
[lOth November, 1198, 10 Ric. I.] 

(Matilda do Orlanoston quitclaims to Anscull de Cranfordand his hein, 
nil luT clnini for dower in tlie iiftli part of a kni^ht's-fee in Bipple, Newc- 
innd. niid Pukoliale ; for which the said Anscull grants her, for her life, a 
rent of ei^hte(^n-]>eiice in llomney, to be received by her from the hands 
of Knlpli de Orhineston. He also gives her forty shillings sterling.) 

1 1 CM' (»8t fiimlis Concordia facta in Curia domini Regis apud 
Itcninindcsciani, die Martis proxima ante festum Sancti Martini, 
iiiiiio rcjrni HcgiH Ricanli x**. 

(\»rani (J. tilio IVtri, etc. [ut in No. 27.] 

hitcT Matii.dam 1)K Ortaneston, petentem, et Ansculluh de 
( ' It A N K( ) li I ), t eni»nt cm . 

IK* rntionabili dote sua de v parte j militis, cum pertinentiis, 
in \UvLK ct Nkwkmai) et I^^keiiale, quam ipsa clamat versus 
pHMJictuni Ans(ulia'm, in prefata Curia. 

Scilicet (jnod ])rcdicta Matilda remisit et quietnm clamavit 
pHMJicto Anscui.lo ct heredibus suis, totum jus et clamium quod 
liiil)i»t in tcrciji parte prcdicti feodi, in perpetuum. 

Mt pro lioc line et concordia et quieto clamio, predictus An- 
K( ri.iii:s (Icdit prcdlcte Matilue, in vita sua, xviij denarios red- 
ditus ill l{ CM KNELL, rccipicndos per manum Radulphi de Orla- 
iicston. 

Va prctt»r hoc, predictus Ansoullus dedit predicte Matilde 
xl solidos sttM'liiiiroruni. 



XXXIV.— (37.) 

[loth November, 1198, 10 Ric. I.] 

(In a writ of Mortdauncostor, Eulph Fitz Thomas had claimed of Hamo 
Fitz William thirtoon shillings rent out of one virgate in Newchureh. He 
now j^ranlH the said land to said TIamo and his heirs, to be held of him 
and his heirs by the free service of seven shillings and (ivepence halfpenny 
per annum, in lieu of all servic<^, except " forinsecom scrviciam," for which 
the said Hamo gives him forty shillings.) 

Hec est iinalis concordia facta, in Curia domini Begis, apud 
Bereniundeseiam,dieMartis proxima ante festum Sancti Martini, 
anno regni Regis Ricardi x**. 

Coram G. lilio Petri, etc. [ut in No. 27.] 



PEDES JINIITM. 



s, potentem, et Hamonem filimn 



luter Badcjlpbum 61ium Thoi 

WiLLELMi, tenentem. 

Do ana virgata teire, cum pertinentHB, in parocliifi de Nswb- 

CHBaCHE. 

De qua predictua Radulphcs exigeb&t xiij solidos, per breve 
de morte antecesaoris, veraua predictum Hauoneu, in prefata 
Ciiria. 

Scilicet qnod prefatua Radulphub conceasit predicto Hauoni 
et beredibua suis, totara predictam terram, tenendam de se et 
de lieredibus auiSj in perpetunm, per Uberum aervicium vij aoli- 
donmi et v denariorum et oboli per annum, pro omni sorvicio, 
aalvo forinaeco servicio, reddendomm ad ijij terminoa aimi; 
scilicet, ad featum Sancti Thome Apostoli ij solidos, et ad Paa- 
cha Floridam xvij denarioa et obolum, et ad featum Sancti 
Joliaiiuis Baptiste ij solidus, et ad festum Sancti Michaelis ij 
solidua. 

Et pro hoc fine et concordia et conceasione, predictua Ha- 
HONCe^ dedit predicto Hadclpho xl solidos. 



XXXV.— (38.) 

[lOtli November, 1198. 10 Kic. I.] 
(John MaJoU'ire BcknowledgeB one messuage in Ewcll. and tw^'nty sliil- 
liagB rent, and two acres outside the Cemetery of St. Leonard's, anil tLo 
service of half a knight's-fM>. which Williani de Eaton held of the said 
John, to be tlio right and inheritance of Hugh de Dndinton. to be held of 
htm the said John Malcteirc, and his heirs, by said Hugh and his heirs, 
by free service of one pound of pepper per annum, for all service except 
" forinseeum servicium," For which the said Hugh gives him forty shil- 
lings sterling.) 

Hoc eat finalis concordia facta in Curia domini Regis apud 
Boromandeseiam, die Martia prosinm ante featum Sancti Mar- 
tini, anno regni Regis Ricardi x". 

Coram G. filio Petri, etc, [at in No. 27.] 

Inter Hdoonem de Dcdikton, pet«ntem, et Johaxnem Male- 
TSKBB,' t«nentem. 

De ano meanagio, cum pertinentiia, in Ew'elle,' et de xx aoli- 



' Sir. 

' Probably Ewell and 5l. Lcouiird's 



' It 



MaleUi." 

MuUiiiK, The ehurch of Ewell 



266 



PEDES FTKIUM. 



dis redditus, et de ij acris torro extra Cimiteriuni Sanrti Leo- 
KAEDi, et de servicio feodi dimidii militia, quod Willblhds db 
EsTON teuait de predicto Johanne. 

Unde placitum fuit inter eos in prefata Curia, scilicet qnod 
predictus Johannes recognovit totam predictam terrara, cum 
pertinentiis, ease jus et hereditatem predicti HdgokiSj tenendam 
de ae et de heredibus suis, sibi ct heredibus suis, in perpetnum, 
per liberum serviciuiu unius libre piperis per aimum, pro omni 
servicio, reddtjnde ad Natale, salvo forinseco servicio. 

Et pro Iioc fiue et concordia et recogni clone, predictus Hcott 
dedit predicto Johanhi xl solidos estorlingoruni. 



XXXVI.— {42.) 

[10th November, 1198. 10 Rio. I.] 

(In a rceogniiance of Mortdauii[:eBtor, Baldniii Fits Mathew qnitdaims 
to llichard de Seueldcn and Agatha his nife. and tlicir hcira, all claim 
which he had in thirty -two aurcB in Dene ; for wliich tho saij Bichard 
and Agatha give the aaid Baldwin sixteon ocrea of Wareland,' of the aamc 
loud which Uea in Done, and five muks.) 

Hec eat fiiialis concordia facta in Curia doraini Regis apud 

Berniundeseie, die Martis proxima ante festuin Sancti Martini, 
anno regni Regis Ricardi x". 

Coram G. filio Petri, etc, [ut in No. 27.] 

Inter Baldewinum filium Matbei, petentem, et Ricardum uk 

SsDELDEK, et Aqathau uxorom ejus, tenentes. 
De xxxij acris in Den.' 
Unde recognicio de morte antecessoris summonita fuit inter 

near Dover wm dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, not to St. Leonard, 
and the manor of Ewell seoros to hare been in St. Leonard's Mailing. 

' "Warect" land ia fallow land, — indf, warectare, 'bo fallow.' The 
term Wareland, Worland, frequently occurs in early records. It ia not 
euay to dettermine its precise meooiag in all instauci^B. It generally signi- 
fies land left fallow for a certain namherof years, in order to recoreritaelf; 
but there are instances in which it might perhaps be mferred that the land 
bad never been taken into eultiration. 

' i. e. Dene. Which of the manors of Dene (for there were Beveral in 
Ihe county), it would bo diHicult to dt'cidc. 



PEDES PINIUM. 267 

eos in prefuta Cnria, acilicet quod prcdictns Baldewincs romisit 
et qtiietum clamavit RiCABDO et AoATHE predictis, et heredibns 
8018, totunj jus et clamium quod habuit iu predicta terra, de se 
et heredibus suis, in perpetuum. 

Et pro hoe fine et coucordia et quieto clamio, predictus Ri- 
ot Aqatha uxor ejus, dederunt prefato Baldewino xvj 

ras terro Wareland, cam pertinonciia, de cadGm terra que jacet 

Dene, et v marcas argenti. 

Hichanl de Seuelden =^ Agatha. 
1198. 1198. 



XXXVII.— (44.) 
[loth November. 1198. 10 Rio. I,] 
(Benedict de Wodn(«b«rgc quitrlaimB to Doatrice dc BotlcBeogre, t 
acres in Biickl&iid, for fortj-four BlulUtiga atorling.) 

Hec eat finalis concordia facta in Curia domiiii Regis aptid 
Bermondesciam, die Martis prosima ante festum Saueti Mar- 
tini, RDUO regni Regis Kicardi x°. 

Coram G. 6Iio Petri, etc. [ut in No. 27.] 

Inter BENEDiCTtrM de Wodne3deeoe, petontem, et Beathicem 
DB Bbtlbsenqke, tenentem. 

De ij acris terre, cum pertinentiis, ui Bockland. 

Undo placitum fuit inter eoa in predicta Curia, scilicet quod 
predictua Benedictos remisit ct quietum clamavit predicte Bea- 
TRici, et beredibus suis, totum jus et clamium quod habuit in 
predicta terra, de so ot heredibua sius, in perpetuum. 

Et pro hoc fine et concordia et qnioto clamio, prefata Bea- 
trix dedit prefato Benedicto xliiij eolidoa stcrlingorum. 



XXXYIII.— (47.) 

[lOth November. 1198. 10 Ric. l.J 

(In a recc^niuace of MortdaunceRtor, Sichord Fitx Edward qnitclaima 

:o GlfHc do Eemeale, ooc aero nod n half ond tho third part of h&lf aa 

icre in Oetling, for half a inurk.) 

Hec eat tiuulis cuucordm latta in (.'uria domini liegin apud 



268 PEDES FINIUM. 

Beremundeseiani, die Martis proxiina ante festum Saiicti Mar- 
tini, anno regui Riigia Ricardi x". 

Coram G. filio Petri, etc. [at in No 27.] 

Inter Ricardcm Mum Edwakdi, petentem, et Elfkicum Dt 
KfiMESiiE, tenentem. 

De j acra et dimidia et tercia parte dimidie acre, cum. perti- 
nentiis in Detlinoe. 

Unde recognicio de morte antecesaoria anmrnonits ftiit inter 
eos in prefata Curia, scilicet quod predictus Ricardus remisit 
et quietum clamavit predicto Elfkico, et lieredibus suis, totmn 
jus et clamium quod habuit in predicta terra, de ae et heredibns 
suis, in perpetuum. 

Pro hoc fine et concordJa et quieto clamio, prefatna Elfkicus 
dedit prefato Ricaedo dimidiam marcam argenti. 



XXXIX.— (34.) 
tilth NoTember, 1198, 10 Bic. I.] 

(In a recognizance of Mortdauncestor, Ilamo Fitz Algar qaitoJaima to 
EAlpli de Done and liis lioira Beren acres of land in Chilham i for whJcIi 
tho said KalpL gives the said IJamo four of the said seven acres which lie 
in the field of Dene, and Hamo and Ralph shall hold the land of the chief 
lord.) 

Hec est finalis concordia facta in Curia domini Regis apud 
Bermundeseiam, die Sancti Martini, anno regni Regis Ricardi x". 

Coram G. filio Petri, etc. [ut in No. 27.] 

Inter Hamoneu filium Aloari, petentem, et Raddlphom de 
Dene, tenentem. 

De vij acris teire, cum pertinenciis, in Chilleham. 

Unde recognicio de morte antecesaoria summonita fiiit inter 
eos in predicta Curia, scilicet quod prefatua Eaho rcmiait et 
quietum clamavit predicto Radulpho et heredibus suis, totmn 
jus et clamium quod habuit in predicta terra, de se et herodibus 
suis, in perpetuum. 

Bt pro hoc fine et concordia et quieto clamio, predietua Ra- 
DCLpaua dedit prefato Hauoni iiij acraa terre de predictia vij 
acris iu Chilleham, que jacent in cainpo de Dene. Et predict! 
Hamo t-t RauL'LI'BUS tenebunt pvedictam terram de capital 
domiuo. 



PEDES PINIUM. Sdfl 



XL.— {36). 

[llth NovembOT. 1108, 10 Eie. I.] 

{Til a rwo^uance of Mortdanncestor, Bobert Poiro Bcknowledges five 

at^res of land in Lnn^epurte' to be the right and inheritance of John FitK 

Gilbert, for two roarks and a half.) 

Hec est finalis concordia facta in Curia domini Re^s apud Ber- 
mandeseiam, in die Sancti Martini, nimo regni Regis Eicardi x", 

Coram G. filio Petri, t-tc. [ut in No. 27.] 

Inter Johanhem filium Gilbbbbti, pctontem, ct Robertuu 
PoLBB, tenentem. 

De y acria terrOj cum pertinentiis, in LABflErOET. 

Unde recognicio de morte anteceasoris anmmonita fuit inter 
008 in prefata Curia, scilicet quod predictus RoBERToa rectig- 
DOTit totam predictam terram, cum pertincntiiB, esse jus et 
hei^ditatem predicti Johaxnis. 

Et pro hnc fine et concordia et recognicione, prodictua Jo- 
hannes dedit predieto RoBEHTO ij marcas argonti et dimidiam, 



XLI.— (39.) 
pith November, 1198, 10 Eic. I.] 
(Pct«r de Ledcs acknowledges five acres in Leeds to be the right and 
inheritance of Bobert Fitz Tnrkill ; for whii^h the eaid Itobert givea the 
aaid Peter three acres of the said land nearest the crolt ucKt the capital 
mansion, and ooe acre and a half of the same in Westcrofl. Hie said 
Bobert and Peter shall hold the said land of the chief lord.) 

Hec est finalis concordia facta in Curia domini Regis apud 
BermundcBeiam, die Sancti Martini, anno regni Begis Ricardi x°. 

Coram G. 61io Petri, etc. [ut in No. 27.] 

Inter Robektou fitinm Turkill, petentem, et Peiruh de 
Lbdes, tenentem. 

De V sens terre in LsDEa. 

Unde recognicio anmmonita fuit inter eos in prefata Curia, 

' There were two manora in Lid, tailed Old Irfingjiort and Mew Lang- 
port, giving name to the hundred of Langport. 



270 PEDES FIXIUM. 

Hcilicot quod prcdictus Petbus recognovit totam prefatam ter- 
ram, cum pcrtinontiis, esse jus et hereditatem prcdicti Robebti. 

Et pro hoc fine ct concordia et recognicione, predictus Ri)- 
BEKTirs dedit predicto Petbo iij acras terre, cum pertinentiis, de 
j)redicta terra, propinquiores crofta^ que est propinquior capital! 
mesuagio; et in Westcbofta j acram et dimidiam terre^ cum 
pertinentiis, do predicta terra. 

Et predicti Robebtus et Petbus tenebunt predictam terram 
de capitali domino. 



XLII.— (48.) 
[11th Novembop, 1198, 10 Eic. I.] 

(In a rocop^nizanco of Mortdauncestor, Bobert Kikctal quitclaims to 
IlawiHc, widow of William lo Warin, and Adam and Eobcrt her sons, and 
tluMF heirs, one virgatc in Street.) 

llec est finalis concordia facta in Curia domini R<?gis apud 
Heremundeseiam, in die Sancti Martini, anno regni Regis Ri- 
cardi x". 

Coram G. filio Petri, etc. [ut in No. 27.] 

Inter RoBERTDM RiKETAL, pctentcm, et Hawisiam que fiiit 
uxor WiLLELMi LE Warin, et Adam et Robebtum filios ejus, 

tenentes. 

Do j virgata terre, cum pertinentiis, in Stbates.' 

Undo rocognicio de morte antecessoris summonita fuit inter 
cos in prcfata Curia, scilicet quod predictus Robebtus remisit 
ot (jnietum clamavit prodictis Hawisie et Adam et Roberto, et 
horedibus eorum, totum jus et clamium quod habuit in predicta 
toiTa, do HO ot horodibus suis, in perpetuum. 



William Ic Warin = Hawise. 
dead 1198. 1198. 



I I 

Adam. Bobert. 

1198. 1198. 



' Sic in original, doubtless an error for " crofte." 

' P The borongh of Street, in Minster, Thanet, or the hundred of Street. 



PEDES FIJfllTM. 271 

XLIII.— (41.) 
[]7tli NoTembor. 1198, 10 Eic. I.] 
(In a rocognizttnoe of Mortdauncostor, 6ilo de Badele«mue, for tlie souls 
of his father and mother, And ADceitora, qiutckinu to DiinstAn, Prior of 
St. Gregory's. Canterbury, ond his successors, a rent of two scsms of oats 
ia lUdley. The said Prior will celebrate the amuTerBory of Gilo'a father 
yearly.) 

Hec est finaUs concordia facta in Curia domini Keg^is apud 
Weatmonasterium, die Sancti Clementia, anno regni Regis Ri- 
cardi x°. 

Coram G. filio Petri, etc. [ut in No. 27.] 

Inter Gilonkm de Badelesmabe, petenteni, ct Donstanpm, 
Priorem de Sascto Gbeoorio, Cantdaeie, tenentem. 

Do redditu duarum sumarum avene in Riddelicf:. 

Unde recognicio do morte anteceasorie aumraoaita fiiit inter 
COS in prefata Curia, Bcilicet quod predictus Gilo, pro nnima 
pntris et matris snorum, et anteceaaonim suorum, remiait et 
qnietum clamarit predieto Pbioei, et ancceasoribus auia, totnm 
jas et clamitim quod Imbuit in predieto redditu, de ae et here- 
dibuB snifl, in perpetuum- 

Et predictua Prior concessit, intuitu caritatia, predieto Gi- 
LODi, qnod faciet anoiverBarinm patris aui, singulis annis. 



XLIV.— (27.) 
[21st NoTombor, 1198, tO Bic. I.] 

(Adam de Xeruges and Boatricc his wife (]nitclaim to Osbert de Loogo 
Catupo and Aveline his nifc, tuid their heirs, two marlis rent in OrenUiU ; 
for which the said Osbert and Arclino giro the said Adam and Beatrice, 
and their heirs, the aerrico of Albrioins de Slidstede, viz. sixteen ghillinga 
and rightpence, out of fire acres of Ware which he holds in Stidstedc, 
and the serriee of John lo Dergoume, viz. twelve ■hillings per annnm out 
of ten acres of Ware. whieL he holds in the same ville, to hold, to them 
and their heirs, by the free service of five shillings per annum. The said 
Osbert de Longo Campo takes the homa^ of said Adam in tlie said Court, 
and Adam takes the honuu^e of said Albricius and John in said Court.) 

Hec est finalia concordia facta in Curia domini Regis apud 



272 PEDES FiNixnw. 

WeBtmonasteriuin, die Sabbati proxima post festum 1 
j^dmimdi, anno regni Regis Ricardi x". 

Coram G. filio. [ut in No. 27.] 

Inter Adah db Eebsioeb et Beatbiceu uxorem snam, pete 
pep ipsum Adam, positmn loco predicte Beatricia ad lucrandum 
vel perdendum, et Osbertdm de Lonoo Campo et Avelinam ux- 
orem suam, tenentea, per ipsura Osbertum, positnin locofl 
dicte Aveline ad lucrandum vel perdendum. 

De redditu ij marcarum in Ovenhill. 

Unde placitnm fuit inter eoa in prefata, Curia, quod predict! 
Ajiam et Beathix remisemnt et quietum clamaverunt predictis 
OsBEETO et Aveline nxori sue, et lieredibua eorum, totum jns 
ot clamium quod habuorunt in predicto redditu, de ae et liero- 
dibus eorum, in pcrpetuom. 

Et pro boc fine et concordia et quieto clamio, predicid Os- 
DEETiTB et AvELiNA lutor sua, dedenmt predictis Ade et Beatsici, 
et beredibus eorum, totum servicium Albricii de Stidstede ; 
scilicet, xvj solidos et viij denarios per annum, de v acris de 
Ware, quas tenet in Stidstede ;' et sorvicium Johannis !e Ber- 
goume, scibcet, xij solidos per annum, de x ticris de Ware, 
quas tenet in eadem villa; tenenda de eia et de heredibns 
eorum, in perpetuum, per liberum servicium v sobdonun per 
annum, pro omni servicio, reddendorum ad duos terminos 
anni, scilicet, ad Natale Domini ij aobdos et vj denarios, et 
ad Pascbam duos solidos et vj denarios. 

Et bee concordia facta est concessn et voluntate prcdictorum 
Albricii et Johannis. 

Et de predictia tenementia predictus Osbertcb de Lonoo 
Campo cepit bomagium predicti Ape in prefata Curia. Et pre- 
dictus Adam cepit bomagium predictorum Albkicii et JoBAMtna, i 
in pre dicta Curia. 



HAMMiei, I 



■ Probably tbis is Slisted, in Essex. In tbe Bot. Fin. we bare: 
*' EsBEX. — Hugo lillua Iticordi <le Stistede. de comitatu Eageiie, et Aliuin 
uxor ejus, dant Hegi il' pro Itecordo cujusdam loquele que fiiit Donuo 
Jnaticiariia itinerant i bus in coniitatii Kancie, in ultimo itiuerc suo ibidem, 
iiitur prediclos Hugoncm ct Aliciam, et Osbertuiu de Loogo Campo, per 
broTe Begis de medio, et distringantur per Viixwoiiiit«Ri EsBosie." 



PEDES FINirM. 



XLV.— {43.) 
[27th November, 1198. 10 Ric. I.] 
(In K recoguKBnce of Mortdfttincestor, Robert Sired acknowtedges nine 
aoroa in Stodmareh to be the right and inlieritanoc of Michael de Pultf- 
leatoD; fur wbiiih the aaid Miohael gives the said Robert four acres 
and a half of the some land adjoining the monaster; of Stodmarsh to 
the north, to be held of him and hje heirs, by the said Robert and his 
bein, by the free seirice of threepence per annnm.J 

Hec est finalis concordia facta in Curia doniini Regis apud 
Weatmonasterium, die Veneris proxima pout foetum Sancte 
Katerinc, anno regni Regis Ricardi x". 

Coram G. filio Petri, etc. [nt in No. 27.] 

Inter MiCHAKLKH de Pukelkston, peteutem, et Rodertum 
Sired, tenentem. 

De ix. acris terre, cam pertineotiiB, iu Stodmaesk. 

Unde recognicio de morto antecesaoria summonita fuit inter 
eo3 in prefata Curia, scilicet, quod predictua Robertdb recog- 
novit totam predictam terram, cum pertinentils, esse jus ot 
hereditatem predicti Michaelib. 

Et pro hoc fine et concordia et recognicione, predictus 
Michael dedit predicto Roberto iiij acras terre et dimidiam, 
de eadom terra que jacet juxta monasterium do Stodharsb, 
versus boream, tenendas de se et de heredibua euis, sibi et 
heredibua suis, in pcrpetuura, per liberum servicium iij dena- 
rionim per annum, pro onmi servicio, reddendorom ad festnm 
8ancti Micbaelia. 



XLVI.— (40.) 

t28th November. 1198, 10 Rip. I.] 

(In a recognitance of Morfdauneeetor, Stephen and WiUiam Fits Ordric 

quitclaim to Herlewin de Poclestun nine acres in Stodmarsb ; for which, 

the said Herlewin givcH them half an acre of the same land in Foclestun, 

in the field next the said Herlewin 's house, on the north ; and half an acre 

of wood, next his Cartilage, on the we«t -, and half bis Curtilage in the 

said vitle, on the north, to hold to the said Stephen and William and their 

heirs, of the Abbot of St. Augastine. who ia lord of ihe fee. The eaid 

Herlewin will acquit the aaid land aa against the said Abbot, and shall 

hold all tlie residue of the land in PoclestoD of the said Stephen and 

VOL, I. T 



PEDES FiimrM. 



William and their heifs, to him and his hoire fur ever, by tijcpnncc i 
aniiuin. For thin, the aaUd ncrlewin has given tbc snid Sloplieu and 

William ten shillings stariing.) 

Hec eat fiaalia concordia facta in Curia doroini Itegis apad 
Wcstmonasterium, die Sabbati proxima pest featnin Sand 
Katerine, aimo regni Regis Ricardi i". 

Coram G. filio Petri, etc. [ut in No. 27.] 

Inter Stbphanum et Willklmum filios Okdhici, petente?, 
HEKtEwtNUM DE PocLEBTON, teuentem. 

De ix acria terre, cum pertinentiia, in Stodmeebe. 

Unde recognicio de morte antecesaoris sommonita fiiit iut 
eos in prefata Curia, scilicet, quod predict! Stephancs et Wi 
i.ELMUS remiserunt et quietum clamaverunt totum jus et dl 
mium quod habuerunt in predicta terra de Stodmaesb, de se i 
herodibua snis, prefato Heelewino et heredibua auis, in porpi 
tuum. 

Et pro hoc fine et concordia et quieta clamancia, predicti 
Herlewincb dedit prefatis Stephano et Willelho, de eadi 
terra, dimidiam acram terre, cum pertinentiia, in Puclbston, i 
campo scilicet jiixta doraum ejusdem HKBLEwrm, versus bi 
ream ; et dimidiam acram bosci, cum pertinentiis, juxta Cn 
tlllagiam suum, vorsuH occidentem, et dimidium Curtilla^ sni 
iu eadom villa, vereus boream. Tenendum eisdem STEPiuna 
et WiLLELMO, et UeredibuB eonim, de Abbate Sancti AuguBtini, 
qui dominuB eet feodi, in perpetuum. Et idem Haklswinch 
aquietabit predictam terram erga prefatum abbatom. Preno- 
minatuB autem Heblewikub tciiebit totum reaiduum terre, cum 
pertinentiia, in Poci.bston, de eisdem Stepbano et Willblm 
et heredibua eorum, sibi et heredibua auis, in perpetnoi 
Reddendo eis inde annuatim vj*, pro omni servicio, ad festil 
scilicet Sancti Michaelis. 

Et pro hoc predictua HBRLEWiNre dedit prefatia Stkp 
et WiLLELMO X Bolidoa eaterlingorum. 



XLVII— (29.) 
[31st Jamrnrj, 1198-9, 10 Hie. I.P] 



(In a mro^tzancc o 
ledges fiflpon hitcs in 



MortJnunceitor, Williatn dc Eucmerc acknM 
liver, to be the right and inLorilancc of WlUii 



PEDES FimUM. 1 1 .1 

Fitz Jolin, and qnitrlaims tbem to hitn and hie heira for oiet -, for tliie, the 
said William Fitz Joliu gires the said William de Knemere nine shilliDgs 
sterling.) 

Hec est finalis concordia faota in Curia domini Regis apud 
Wostmrma-sterium, die dominica proxima post Converaionem 
Sancti Panli, anno regni Regis [x°?] . 

Coram G. filio Petrij etc. [ut in No. 27.] 

Inter Willelmiim filium Johannis, petentem, et Willelmum 
DB Eneubrb, tenentem. 

De XV acris terro, com pertinentiis, in Biperia. 

Unde recognicio de morte anteceesoris eummonita fuit inter 
eos in prefata Curia, scilicet quod predictaa Willelmcs de Ene- 
MEBE recognovit totam predictam terram de Bipehia, com por- 
tinentiis, esse jus et hereditatem ipsius W:llelmi filii Johannis, 
et earn reddidit et qnietam clamavit, de se et heredibus Kuis, 
eidem Willelho filio Johannis et heredibua suia, in perpetuum. 

Et pro hoc fine ct concordia ct recognicione et <iuieta cla- 
-mancta, predictna Willblmcs filius Johannis dedit prefatu Wil- 
LELuo DE Eneuebe ix flolidos eeterlingoTum. 



XLVm.— (30.) 

[Srd February, 1198-9, 10 Sio. I.] 

(In a recognizance of Mortdaunceetor, Simon Fitz William (luitelaims 

to Osbcrt Fitz Lucy two parts of a yoke of land in Shopayforone mark.) 

Hec est finalis concordia facta in Curia domini Regis apud 
WeatmonaBterimn, in die Sancti Blasii, anno regni Regie Ri- 
cardi x°. 

Coram G. filio Petri, S. de Tomham, S. de PateahuU, R. de 
Herierd, Johanne do Gestliges, Jacobo de Poteme, B. Flau- 
drenai, Juaticiariis, Baronibns domini Begis tunc ibi preaontibua. 

Inter Simoneh filium Willelmt, petentem, et Osbertcu filium 
Lucie, tenentem. 

De duabuspartibnaj jugati terrOjCnm pertinenciis, in Scateia. 

Unde reeognicio de morte anteceasoria aunimonita fuit, inter 
prefata Curia, acilicet quod predictus Simon rcmiait et 
^nietuni clamavit predicto Osbebto et heredibus suis, totum 



276 



PEDES FINIUM. 



jii3 ct clatnimii qnod httbuit in predirta term, de se et liore^- 
bas suia, in perjiotuum. 

Et pro hoc fine et Concordia et quieto clamio, predictiis 
OsBERTue dedit predicto Simoni j marcam argenti. 



This is tlip last of the Kent Fines, temp. Ric. I., the 
period beyond which "legal memoi7"i-eachesiiot.' We 
have transcribed all that are extant of that reign ivrio' 
iim, except in the few instances where we have avoided 
the unnecessarj' repetition of names. 

It will be an appropriate conclusion to these pages, 
if we add a few words on some of the forms in which 
surnames appear in ancient records. "WHien we meet 
with such names as " John de Aldington " or " "William 
de Burham," it does not follow that "de Aldington " or 
" de Burham " were decided sumames ; it may imply 
only "John of Aldington" or "William of Burham." 
Generally speaking, if the name be that of the lord of 
the manor, as " Eobert de Leyboumo," it had become 
the settled surname of the family ; but in numerous in- 
stances it would only imply that the party was an in- 
habitant of the place named. With regard to the use 
of " Fitz " in proper names, it is well to observe that, 
although in the abstracts prefixed to each of the Fines, 
we have always so rendered the Latin " filius," it by no 
means follows that the surname of the party is thereby 
deteiiniued. For instance, in " fil Petri " we at once 
recognize the well known name of Fitz Piers, Earl of 
Essex, but Osbertus filius Lucie is not necessarily Oa* 
bert fitz Lucy, it may merely stand for Osbert son of 
Lucy. Guarding ourselves with these precautionary 
remarks, we shall continue the practice which in this 
respect we have hitlierto adopted. 

' The terraa which we UBually meet with in pleadings, in reference to 
this period, are — " a tempore quo aoa extat memorin," and " infra tempttl 



PEDES PINIL'M. 



277 



Much caution, too, is required iu any attempt to iden- 
tiiy parishes, villes, and manors. There is often nothing 
but the name to guide us, and on this alone no secure 
dependence can be placed. In Kent there ai-e instances 
of four and even five parishes of the same name. There 
are manors in one part of the county bearing the same 
name as parishes at its opposite extremity ; and we have 
often nothing in the context to lead us even to a safe 
conjecture. 

The Fine for a messuage in Ewkll, No. XXXV. p. 205, 
is a case in point. There is a parish named Eweli,, and 
a manor of the same name in ALvlling, but, in the Fine 
itself, there is nothing to determine to which of the two 
it relates. For the reasons, however, given in the note, 
we may hazard a conjecture that the latter of the two 
places is the subject of the Fine. 

So with regard to No. XXIII., p. 225, the manor of 
GoDlKTON being partly in Sritoon and partly in the next 
adjoining parish, Fkindsbuhy, first impressions might 
lead to the sujiposition that the FEnKiBEiiGK and Fheni- 
DKKGK of our Fine are to be identified with the modem 
Frindsbury ; its terms being, " the two knight's-fees 
whicli John de Godiuton holds of the foe of .Simon de 
Chelesfeld. half iu Feiinibeuge and half in Strodes. 
But, besides the e\idence contained in the Book of 
Knights'-fees, cited in the "Addenda," p. 288, the fol- 
lowing circumstances almost necessarily lead to the con- 
clusion that FAHNBORouGn, and not Frindsbur}', is the 
place designated by FnnsiBr.itGE and Fueniberge. 

1. — In the twelfth century, the boundaries of parishes 
were not so strictly defined as to necessitate the actual 
mention of FRiNDSBimy in describing the knightVfce, 
even though part of it may have extended from Strood 
into that paristL 

2. — In the Book of Fees cited in the " Addenda," 
p. 288, the tno bulf-knight's-fecs of Goih.nton ai-e en- 



therein in accord with oar Fiae, as in Stbooi 
without any mention of FBt3!l>6Btmr. 

In " Testa de NeriU." too, a record of Knights'-fc 
made about ninetj" years after the date of our Roe, these 
two half-knights'- fees are similarly entered, without aijy 
alltisioa to Frikusbcrt. For among the Fee« of the 
Earl of Leicester in that accord, we find ^ half a fee in 
Stbodes hfid ofSiiHon de Cheiesfehh and he of Gtoffteif 
Scoiand, and he of the Earf Leicester;" and "Aleai d«' 
OodiHtoM half a fee in Stbodes of Geoffrey de Seotand^ 
and he of the Earl of Ltyeejtter." 

3. — Onr Fine speaks of Rbgisald Flesiesq as holding 
of Simon de Chelesfeld " one knightVfee in FuENi- 
BERGK." In '• Testa de Nenll," among the fees of the 
Earl of Leicester. Jons de Flkmixge is entered as hold- 
ing of SiMos DE Chelsfeld one fee in " F.uisheege." In 
the Book of Knights'-fees (see •* Addenda ") the heirs 
of JolDt FleMTSG hold of SiMOX DE CireiXESFELD One fee 
in Feksbergh and Chellesfeld. and tliis is entered 
under the manor of " FARNDonouGn." 

4. — In the same Book of Fees, we find a manor 
Godtogton entered under the himdred of Ruxley, 
connection with the manor of Cuelsfeld, (FAitXBO-j 
Bouon and Cheusfield being neighbouring parishes 
that hundred,} — and this entrj' is totally distinct from 
that of the manor of Godinton, in Strodes. under the 
hundred of Sbaniel. 

5. — llie form of the name FERmBEltGE almost ncces- 
Barily points to Fahsborolgh ; even Fuesiberge could 
hardly have been the form in which FaiNDSBLTiY would 
have been written. In Domesday it is Fkandesbkbi; 
and in aneient charters Fkkondesbyry. 

t instances lilte these, we do not pretend to mo] 
■he best conjecture wc can offer, until subsetjuent 
L or other sources of information, supply the evi- 
I which wc nvfil to coiiipU-te ideiitificatioi 



:ee 

cd , 

heH 



INDEX TO PEDES FINIUM. 



riMy. I 
theFxM 



a wilkia braekrU thoai Ikejitrm of tpellmg adopted in Ihe origiual. 



Abrincifl [■■'' Arorcnche], Buellioiu de : 

tae under Fleet, 1197, li*. 
Adam tuid Ills fife brotben; Boe under 

RodmerBbun, 1197. liii. 
Albrva. wifo of Oodwin, a limitit in thd 

miuior of Fleet, in Riehborough, 

1197. JiT. 
AUIiaton, Romnej Marsh, 1197, ixi. 
AiJJFOTOs [Helinton], Cumdilemill in, 

Oibert de Longclismp and Areliue his 

wife, 1196, Tu- 
Andegarenni, Alice, a ttmant in Fleet 

miuior in Bicliborough, 1197, lir. 
Arblaater, Uumphntf , holda of Sinoth 

(VnopheLuler in Bodmershua, 1 197, 






.a de, irife of Oliver, and 



former^ wifij of Simon Ac (htdinlon 

MO unifor Qodinton, 1197, xv. 
Ardpn. Oliver do : see under Qodiolon, 

1197, IV. 
Anuipir, Agnos, widow of Qvaftrnj, 

LitUu Dartford, 1195, n. 
Acoregium, the icrtico so calli^ 1197, 

Avenmohe: we AbrindH, d<<. 



BeBUchamp : ere Bello Oanipo. 

Bella Oonipo, Coualanoe de, wife of 

Eliaa, 1197, n*. 
Bello Campo, Elias de, and Conftance 

Bolnbec bis wife : see Fleet, liv. 
Bcrolinge, Alon de, a tciuuit in the 

manor of Flecl in RicUbomiip-li, 1 197, 



Bergoome, John le, a tenant of Oibcrt 
de Longohamp and Aveline his wife in 
StUted, 1198, iliT. 

Berton, Jobn do, holds of bein of Si- 
mon de Cbeledeld, U9S,ixiv. 

Bet)e«engr(t, BeBtrieo d<^ BucUknd, 



t de; see Bomney 



1198,1 
Bidindon, Amisiu* ( 

Hanh, 1197, i 
Bigot, Enrl Boger, a jndgd, 1196, vi. 
Bockland: see BuckJknd. 
BooUnd, O. de, a judge, 1195-S, i. 
Oolobec, Constance, wife of Glins de 

Brllo Qunpo : see under Fleet, 1197i 

Bolebec, Isabel; set! " Emta and Ad- 

BotciUe*, Peter do, Sordasse, 1197, ix. 
B0X1.ST, land in, Walter de PetnpQuto 

to his mother Lney, 1197, i. 
Boxlej, the Abbot and Convoit of, 

1196,™.! 1197, I., xi. 
Boile; [Buxtee], Robert, Abbot of: 

see Shamdm, 1197, li- 
Boiln, John, a monk of, 1 197, xi. 
Brelel,John: tee Street, 1198, uri. 
Brutcl, Robert, sod of John, Strei-I, 

1196, uri. 
Briwer, William, a judge, 1195-6, ii. 
Broo, Samaon del, a tenant in Uudi- 

niBro, 1197. ti. 
Broom-bed: tee Oenivteio. 
Bdokiaw t^Boi^kland], Brmsliet de 

Wodnosbefgo to Beatripo do Betlo- 

songre, USB, uirii. 
BraEctiiEK, in Kokelee, Robert de 

Leibura's, 1107. lii. 
Biitrge, Roger, of Fleet Manor in Rich- 

borougb, 1197, lir. 
Buxlee: sec Boxlej. 



INDEX TO PEDES ] 



S80 

Oaldecote, lulf a knight's-fee in, heiraof 
Bimon de Ohelesfold, 1198, uiii. 

CiNTEBBUBT, three Kcres botnven 
Worthgnte and 8t. Jamea'e Iloipiliil, 
NicholaB FiCz Baldcnin to the Prior 
or Canterbury, 1198, uLi. 

Canterbury, Hubert Walter, Arithbi- 
ihop of, IV judge, 119S-S, 1-a.r. 

Canterburj, H., Arckbuhop of, Street, 
1198, uvi. 

Cautcrburr, H^ Atcbdcacon of, a judge, 
1196, Ti. 

Cantja'burj, Tbe Prior of [Ch. Ch.], 
1198, xiii. 

OftDterbury, St. AuguBtinu'a, CltTen- 
baud, Abbot of, llfi3-73, itU,, nofe. 

Canlerburj, St. AoguaCiae'B, Roger, Ab- 
bot of, 1197, ivii. 

Oanterbniy, St. Augustine's, Abbot of, 
his innnoriiiPucleaton,inaiodnuirsh, 
1198, ilri. 

CuiTERBtTBT, St. AfevsTnTE's, all 
claim to the alowordBhip of, quit- 
cLunuyl by Eeginald de Con^ell 
and Matilda hie wife to Hoger the 
Abbot and the Conyent, 1197, 

CBnterbuTT, St. Gregory's, Dunstan, 

Prior of, Ridli-j, 1198. iliii. 
CapcUan, WilliaiiJ ; see under Bomney 

Mareh, 1197, iii. 
Cgnophelagter, Sinoth ; aee under Bod- 

menbam, 1197, liu. 
Clieliafeld, Alice de, etdogt daughter of 

Simon and wile of Eacollaut, 1198, 

Cbeleafeld, Juliana de, wife of Simon, 
1198, luii. 

Cbeiesfeld, Lecia de, daughter and co- 
bcirera of Simon, and irife of Philip 
de Danmartin, I19S, xiiii. 

Ohelcsfeld, Sarah de, daughter and co- 
heir of Bimon, and wile of Dine, 11 98, 

Cholesfeld, Simon do, diviaion of his 
estate among his three caheireeaOB, 
1198, uiii., XKiv. 

Chele^-fuld: »«■ CboUBeld. 

Okblsiield [Cbeleafeld], apportion- 
ment of lands of Simon do Cheleefeld 
among cobeiressos, 1 198, xiiii. 

Can^iiAM [Chillehaml, Hamo FiU 
AJgar and Ralph de Dene, 1108, 

CaiLHAX [Chilleham], Dehe in, 1198, 



ne,1188, 
in Rich- 



Clerenbaud, Abbot of St. Aogiutiiie's, 

11G3-73, irii., note. 
Clericue, Elena, widoir of Hugh, Littlo 

DartTord, 1195, ir. 
Cterieus, Hugh, dead, 1195, Little Dar^ 

ford, ir. 
Olericus, Simon, Little Dartford, 1 195,it. 
Clorioui, Tbomaa, Little Dartford, IIM, 

Onoiia [and KoU], a Beld so ollld. 

Fleet in Riohboniugb, 1197, xiv. 
Oobbeham : we Cobluun. 
CoBHlM[Cobbeliaui],land in, Henry (b 

8uom(e to James and Thomua de Fu- 

geteston, 1197, 
Coleman, Slioa. Little DartfoTil, 1195, 

" Coram ipso domino Kege," the expres- 
sion, 226. 
Comhell, Uatilda de, wife of Reginald, 

1197, iTii. 

Oomhell, Be^nald de, and MalUda liis 
wife: aeeunderSt. Augustine's, 1197, 

Cranfbrd, Aitaoull de, Ripple, etc., 1198, 

Crerequer [Creuequer], Emma dc : se<< 

undm Harty, 119S-fi, v. 
Cbiston, balf the Lmd of, 1196-6, iii. 
Cucidemille, AUingtoo? 1196, vii. 

Danmartin, Lecia do, wife of PbilmE 
sec under Sutton, 1197, rriii. 

Danmartin, Lofia de, wile of Philip, and 
daughter of Simon de Clioleafeld, 

1198, sxiii., HIT. 
Danmtti'tiii,P]iilipde,1197,iiiii.; 1198, 

Dappbese, Benedict de : WW oador Lan- 
gesBlrod, 1197, iri. 

DABTroGD [DerenCford], the third part 
of a mill in,Warin Tirel and Mnbil hia 
wife to Robaisia do Huo, 1195, i. 

DiKTFOBD [Parva Dertoford], tbe pro- 
perty of Amicia, wife of William de 
MohesdBQ, and Mabil, wi& of Warin 
Tirel, siBtt.>rB of William do Goran, 

1195, i». 

DlBTFOBS [Ttlagna Derteford], 1196, 

Dbhe [Den], Baldnin FiCi Matliew to 
Richard do Souoldcn and Agatha hia 
wife, 1198, nxri. 
Dbns in Chiijuh, 1198, mii. 
Dene, Harlewin de: see under Ratline 

1196, »i. 

Dene, Ralph de, Chilham, 1198, snis. 
Dene, Thomas dc. Bailing, 1196, li. 
Derenlford, i.e. Dartford, i. 
Derteford Purrn : sec Hartford. 
Dbtlino [Dellinges], MaueaUnd, oi«. 



IHDEX TO PEDES FINIIM. 



281 



I 



I 



in, Walter de Petraponte to hU mo- 
ther Lun, HS7, 1. 
DGTUita [Uetlinge], BivhKrd Fitc Ed- 
ward to Elfric de Eemnle, U98, 

Detlioge, William de, DetUng, 1197, i. 
Detlinvea : eue Detlins. 
Dine, Philip de, son of Sarah, daughter 
and ooheir of Sinioii do Oboloireld, 

Dine, Sarah de, daughter aod colieir of 

Simon da Chelids&ld, xiir. 
Dudinton, Hugh de, Eirell, 119S, UXT. 
Dunkia, Emma de, lands in Cobhsm, 

etc., 1197, n. 

Eiturio, B tenant in Godinton, 1197, xr. 
Eiii«ford, William At : tee under Sar- 

da«iM', 1197, ii. 
Eldnd, Little Dartford, 1195, ir. 
ElintoQ in SuaKx, land of Walter do 

Petnponlcin, 1197, x. 
Slme, land at, Juliana, tridov of 9inion 

de Chelesrdd, litis, xxiv. 
EIj, Richard, Arehdeapon al, a judge, 

1196-8, i.-iiiii, 
Kuemere, Williwn do. River, 1198-3, 

Escabi, Adam : s«e uadar Langesstrod, 

1197, iri. 
Eieolliuit, Alicia de. oldoit daughter of 

Simon de Chclesfuld, U9S. 
Eseollant, ThoinBa de, >oD of Alice, the 

etdmt daughter i>( Simon de Chelm- 

fdd : aep under Chelwfold, 1198, uiii. 
EsM), Thomaa do : tee Sardoise, 1197, ix. 
EstreUing : «w RatUng, 1196, ri. 
Eelrilda, loije of Widi; > tenant in Fleet 

mBDor, in Richboroiigh, 1197, lir. 
BWKLL [Ewelle], John Moletorre to 

Bugh de Dudinton, 119B, ui*. 
Ewclle: aec Swell. 

Faber, Qenrd, Little Dartford, 1195, n 
Farvbobofoh, 

de Chelesfeld'i 

pagea 277, H8, 288. 
TiantHattAM [Femigeham]), apporlioa- 

luent of Simon de Chelesfelu't land 

among cohoim, 1198, luii. 
Fcmibtrge : aee Frinaburf. 
Final, historr and antiquity of, S21. 
Fitz Algu-, Hamo, of Clulbam, 1198, 

Fit* Amulf, Angor, Shi pboumo, 1198, 

Fill Aniiiir, Robert, Sliiphoomo, 1198, 

Fiti Baldoirb, Nicholaa : aw rnidrt 

Quiljn'bur;, ilU8, xsii. 
Fiti Brimiiigf : hm Fit< Druuing. 



Fit! Brunbg, Wdliflm,aheldwich, 1198, 
Fiu Edward, Richard, DetUng, 1198, 

Fiti Eluric, Hugh, a tenant in the manor 
of Fleet, in Riehborough, 1197, ii». 

Fiu Gilebert, Langport, 1198, iL 

Fit: Qillobi, Oaliana, widow of Ralph : 
see Loe, 1196, riii, 

Fitt Qillobi, Balph, dead : >ee Lee, 1196, 

Fiti Herre;, Oibert, a judge, 1196-8, 

Fiu Hcrvej, Simon, LiH!e Dartford, 

1195, iv. 

Fiti IngilruD, Henry: eee onder Cria- 

ton, 1195-6, iii. 
Fiti John, William, Eiror, 1198-9, 

Fiti Looj, Osbcrt, Shepej, 1198-9, 

Fitc Mathev, Baldwin, Dene, 1198, 

Fits Uothew, Richard, Little Dartford, 

1196, it. 

FitiOger, Ogor, a judge, 1195-7, T. -XI. 
Fill Ordric, Stephen, Stodmarah, 119S, 

Fiu drdrio, William, Stodmsrah, 1198, 

ilv. 
FiW Orgnr, Richard, Little Dartford, 

1196. ir. 

Fiti Oabcrt, a tenant in the manor of 
Fleet, in Riehborough, 1197, liv. 

Fiti Philip, Robert, Dartford, 1196, it. 

Fill Piers, Geoffrey, a judge, 1196, Ti.; 
and 1198, «vii.-il/iii 

Fit! Piora, Geoffrey : eee under Sutton, 

1197, iriii. ! ^M> under Ocholte, 
1197, lii. 

Fitt Kers, GDoifrey, Eori of E«»ox, 



Godin- 






Fitz Ralph, Henry, a 

ton, 1197, x». 
Fiti Ralph, Robert, t 

ton. 1197, IT. 
Fiti Richard, Edrir. a tenant in the 

manor of Fleet, in Eichborough, 1197, 

Fiti Richard, Libricua, a tenant in Fleet 

manor, in Riehborough, 1197, ii». 
Fill Roger, John, SouthUecl, 1198, 

Fiti Roger, Jordan, Southfieet, 1198, 

Fiti Roger, Simon, SoutbSoct, 1198, 

Fiti Roger, WiUiam, Soulhfloot, 1198, 



INDEX TO PEDES Fimmt 



Fits Stepfaen, Simon, a tsnAnt in Oodin- 

te„, 1197, lY. 
Fit! IhoOTH*, Balph, Nwchurrfi, 1198, 

Fit* Tuitill. LeedB. H99, ili. 

Fid ITmfin]', Hugh : see under CriBton, 
1196-6, iii. 

Fit! UmfW, Tbonuui^ ser under CriB- 
ton, 119S-6, iii. 

Fill Willism, Eamo, Nevtcliiuvh, 1198, 

Fit! Williun, Nicholas, Shiphunt, 

1198, nYui. 
Fiti William, Nicholu: see Sheldwich, 

1198, «iu 
Flri William, Simon, Shepey, 1198-9, 



Fit» Wul^ Luke, H tenant iu Fleet ma- 
nor, in Richboraugh. 1197, xir. 

FitK Wol^ Pliilip, a tenant in Fleet 
manor, in Blchborough, 1197, lir. 

Flandrensi", B., a judge, 11S8-9, ilviii. 

Flbet [Fletee], in Kicbborough, ap- 

CtiDiunent of half a knight'»-fee in, 
seen Eliaa do Bello Campo and 
OoDBtaiice Bolebee bi» wife, and Ruel- 
liniu de Abnocis, (ace " Errata and 
Addenda,") with namoe of iJWanlB, 
1197, n». 

FleFnoDg, Re(!inHld, held of Simon dc 
Cbeleefeld, 1198, niit. 

Plele, Jordan do, a lunant in Flute ma- 
nor, in Bichborough, 1197, iit. 

Fle(«t>: aee Fleet. 

Flodmcd, Dartford, 1195, ir. 

ForinsecB Berrioia, liii., uoU, 

Four Aoro : see Phoraer. 

Fronigabam: nee Famingbam. 

Fbiubsbitbt, S77, 278. 

FugeltBton, Jamea de, and Tboniaa his 
brotbur: we under Cobham, 1197, 

FugRlealon, Robert de, dead, 1197, n. 

Fugeleeton, Tliomaa de : see under Cob- 
ham, 1197, K. 

FuUonui, Bcginald, Little Dartford, 
1196, i». 

Qeneiteio, a perch in, Dsrtlbrd, 1196, 



Oestling : see Oeatliges. 

QoDiNTUiT and Htjuiubbi^ one-thiidof 
the tet of late Simon de Oodinton iu, 
OliriT de Arden and hia wilb lasbdla 
(formnlj wifi: of said Simon) toSto- 
pben de Godinton. 1197, xr, 

Oodinton, IsabeUa de, formerl^r *^e cif 
BimoD, and now wife of UUtct da 
Ardcn: aeennderOodinton, 1197,i>. 

Oodinton, John de, hold^ of hvira of 
Simou de Chelesfeld, in Strood, ete.. 
and Oodinton, 1198, oiii-, niT. 

Oodinton, Simon de, dead, 1197, Oo- 

Oodinton, Stephen de, his fee in OodiH' 

ton, 1197, IT. 
Godwin, Albrea, wife of a tmant id 

tbe manor of Fleet, in Ricliborougb, 

1197, UT. 

Qodwineslone, de : we under Ratling, 

1198, n. 

OorsindoD, Little Dartford, 1196, ir. 
Oorun, lA'illiam dr, Liltlo Dartford, 

1195, if. 

Haec, Lc, abutment, Oeholt, 1197, six. 
Haia, Robuaia de : see under Oartfotd, 

1195-6, i. 
Uomo and hia five brotlien : ece imder 

Rodmunham, 1197, liii. 
Harige [f Marige], the field of, aiield- 

widi, 119S, uxii. 
HiETT [Hurtaie], arent in, Qerrns de 

Ofspringca to £mmi de Crmnoqucr, 

for dower, 1196-6, v. 
Hasssrd, Walter, a tenant in Fleet Ma- 
nor, in Biehborough, 1197, -av. 
Hecham : see Uigliam, uii. 
Hecated, Robert de, seTentwn aema, 

formerly his, in Cobham, lltl7, xx. 
Helinton ; see Allington. 
nercford, Ralpli, Archdeaoon oC, a judn 

1195-7, iv.-iii. 
Heriut, Alice de, wife of Richard, Ijittio 

Dartibrd, 119S, it. 
Heriat, Richard de. Little DnrtGml, 

1196, IT. 

Heriat : see Herierd. 

Herierd [Heriat,Heriet,Heriot],mohMd 
do, a judge, 1196-8, i.-ilTiii. 

Horiot ; »oe Herierd. 

HerbtihO', EAaTitbeserTioeofone^be 
of land in, Henry do Soornea U) Jama* 
and Thonnu de Fugeleaton, llfl7, 

Hert, Simon le, liis land, abutment, Oe- 
holt, 1197, III. 

Herlaie: see Hartjr. 

HigliniD [Hecham], Barali de Dine, 
1198, xiiT. 

Ho : see Hoo. 



IXnEX TO PEDES FINIUM. 



Ilodcaliolc, Ralph (le: aee 

1196, uii., ixx. 
Hog*, nbutmcDt, Fleet, in Richboroagb, 

1197, Dv. 

IIou rHo], land in, Henry de Soomee 
lo Jmncfl and Thoinaa de Fugdwton, 

iim, u, 
lIo|i[ivkuue]l gardisn, in RiMiincnham, 

1197, Du, 
Hotvpule, Emulph de, brother of VitoliB, 

Boilcy, 1197, I. 
Uorrpole, Titolis do, and hii brotlier 

Eraidph, Boiloy, 1197, i, 
HoiiT«H : apportLonment of 8imoa de 

CliBlHifi]ld> land among cohein, 1198, 

Hddhceiie and Godintos : ace nnder 

Oodintou. 
Huseboump : coo lIiiascbiirD. 
Hiisnoboume : see IIiiBs<;bum. 
UuBMibum fHuaebouniti, nusieboame, 

UBsebuniJ, Tbomas de, a judge, 

1196-8, i.-iiiu. 

Idele, Richard de, a tenant of Kudo Fa- 

Iwio, 1198, nr. 
Inrtbt-l, llie Lad;, xIt. 

Jngum, a yoke of Uod, 1197, xx., note. 

Kt-amle, Elfric do, Detling, 1198, 

Kenimi, Adam de, nod Beatrim hie 

wil^ Oranhill, \\m, lUr. 
Ecmigoa, Bmtrioe de, wife ot Adam, 

OvenhiU, 1198, xliv. 
KingMlnnd, Little Sartfbrd, 119G, iv. 
Kkooxhoi.i : Manor of Ocholle, in, 

IIW. i»- 

Langoport : >oa Laegport. 

Lasqebhtsoo, six ehiliioaa rent in, 
quibitsiroed by Benedict du Dappliwe 
to Adam Eaonbi, 1197, iti. 

LiNdfoai [longeport] ; Robert Poire 
to John Fitt Gilebert, 1198, il. 

Leiles ; ace LecdR. 

Lkk [de la Loe], liic land of, quitclaimed 
by Galiana widow of Ralph Fita Oil- 
lobi lo the Templar*, 1196, viit. 

Lrriis [L«dt«3; Robert Fiti TurkiU 
and Peter de Ledn, 1198, ili. 

LoHla [do Ltdt*}, Fehr de, Lecde, 1193, 

Lefwl, s tenant in Qodiotoii, 1197, n. 

Ijeiboum, Robert iIk : mm under lilen<< 
1197. xii. 

Laiiot, Piilr«, Abbot of, and the Con- 
tent : (wj unUrr Oeholtn, 1197, lU, 

Lin ! Kf> Ijuigporl^ in. 

LiTTUtnorBSK. land, etc., in, »»ii 



Littlebunie, tbe Park of^ abutnuml, 

1197, irii. 

London, Bicbord NigoUus, Biahop ot, a 

judge, 1195-7, i.-i. 
Longciismp [do Longo Campo], A»o- 

lino, wifp of Osbert, Oteuhill, 1196, 

TO.1 1198, iliT. 
Longi;hamp [de Longo Campo], Oabert, 

and Aveline bis wife : wfo OTBobill, 

1196, Tii. ; 1198, iJiT. 
Longo Campo, de; aco Longohamp. 

Macatonc, Sarali de Dine, 1198, iiir. 

UaleleiTe, John. Ewell, 119S, my. 

Uarige ? ; aee Harige. 

Maritagium, 1198, xar. note. 

Mathew and his fire brotbcra : aeo un- 
der EodniErBbaro, 1197, liii. 

Mednay, Itaher; in, 1196, vii. 

Memory, Legal, limit of, 276. 

Mebb [i.e. Merc Court, in Rsinham] 
three parts of a. (nrucste in : John de 
Tresgua and hie brothi-ra Henry and 
Xhoiuai, to Robert do Leibuni, 1197, 

Mm, " Mulctura ■■ in, AUington, 1196, 

Mcheeden, Amicie de, wife of William : 
aee under Uartford, 1195, iv. 

Mohtadfn, William do : see under Dart - 
fotd, 119B, ir. 

Molendinariua, Alice, widow of Hugh, 
LitUs Dartford, 1195. iv. 

Holendiiiariua, Itugb, dead, Little Dart- 
ford, 1UI5, It. 

Moleiidinariua, Renger, Little Dartibnl, 
1195. iT. 

Mortdauncostor, the writ of, 1197, zii., 

HoKeatom, Albm de, wife of Stephem : 
cee under Slilpbonie, 119&-6, ii 

Mortfitom, Stephen do ; tee Slupbome, 
11U&-6, ii. 

Mortgage, a, 1193, uv, 

Mulctura, iu a mill, Allington, 1198, lii. 

Nallie [^perhaps Cnolb], abutment,EHeet, 

in Richborough, 1197, dt, 
NEWcauBfH [Newechcrcho] : Ralph 

Fill Thomaa to Hamo Fitx William, 

1198, umv. 
Heweoherdje! aee Newchureh. 
Newemad : aee under Bipple, 
NoU : KV CnolU. 
Nordbore. Dartford, 1196, it. 

Nunl Ocholtc, i.e. Kortli Ocholle : see 

Orholte. 
Sortbbrooki we Kordborc. 
Ocholt, thirty acrva in. Abbot and Con- 

TMit of Lv-iii-a U> WUUam de Wro- 



INDEX TO PEDES FOntTlf. 



OoHOLTB NoKTH [14ord Ofhollc], the 
pBeture in. OixiStfjViti PIcfb to Ful- 
00 thi> Abbot and the CoDvent of Lee- 
nes, 1197, ni. 

Gfcpring™, Gertaa de ; tee under Hsr- 
ty, 1195-6, V. 

Ofspringes, Homy do, Hartj, 11B5-6, 

Orlaiiegton, Matildn do. Ripple, 11Q8, 
OrUncston, Bslph do, Bomney, 1198, 

Ospringe, dd : BOe Ofapriuges. 

Otemhiix [WeuhuUa], thu Lmd of, Ibo 
Abbot and the CoOTent of Boxlo; to 
Osbert de LongcliAmp sod Avulinu 
his wifir, 119G, lii. 

Otbhhill, Adam de Xcnigee and Bi>a- 
Irice hii wife, to Osbort do Longo 
Campo and Arolino 1>iB yiiCe, 11^8, 

Oiofrid, AlUngton, P BoiIpj, 1196, TJi. 
Oxford, CouDt««B of (Iflubel Bolebw) -. 
see "Errata and Addenda." 



Fat«Bhill [Pateshull, Patbliull, Falcaill], 
Simon de, a, judge. 1196-8, iii.-ilriu. 

Fatrahull : ten Pal£shill. 

pBt<«ill : 8H0 PataihUI. 

Patishull : see Pntmbill. 

PEdcH Fmium, Doecriptionortiom : »oc 
Fines, 217. 

PeriewB, Maurire de, rrfeiiee lo Eiido 
Patoric of a debt of £20 for £12, 
10». per annum for five jears, 1198, 

Petovin, Adam, » tenant of Eudo Pa- 

leri.', 119S, iiv. 
Petraponte, Lucy da : see Dolling, etc., 

1197, 1. 
Petraponio, Walter do: nee Dctling, etc., 

1197, 1. 
Phomcr, Dartfoid, 1195, W. 
Picot, Alice, Shopey, 111(7, ». 
Pierrepoint: i<ee Petraponte. 
PlCB, in writ of Bight, 1196, vi. 
Phiinton, William de : see Shamden, 

llff7, 1. 
Pocleston, de : see Pukclvelon. 
Poire, Kobort. Langport, 1198, il. 
Ponte, Edward de, a lonant iu Godin- 

ton, 1197, IV. 
Porta, Feliria do, widow of William, 

Little Dartford, 119S, ir. 
Porta, William de, dead, LilUe Dartford, 

1195, ir. 



Fucleaton : see olao Pukcleston, in Stud- 

manh, 1198, xlri 
Pukchole : see under Bi|rple. 
Pukelexton [Pocleeton], m Slodmanh, 

1198, iItl 
Pukeleston [PaoleaUmJ, in Sl^iuKreh, 

1198, ilyi. 
Pukelest«n [Poclnton], Horlewiu di!, 

Stodmanb, 1198, ilvi. 
Pukeleston, Michael de, SlotlniArah, 

1198, iIt. 

Eaeccburg? Estleburg ; BCo Erclilw- 
rough, lir. 

Bainlinm : see Mew Court, in. 

Ralpli and hia fire brothen : see iuiiIm' 
RodmcrBham, 1197, liii. 

Ralph, a tenant iu Godinton, 1197, ir. 

EiiUBH [EBtretline], a aoUn in, Tho- 
mas do Di-nc and Harlewiii hia hn- 
thor, lo Thonuu dc Oodwinestimc, 
1196, vi. 

Knlleburg, P Eacceburg ! ace Elohbo- 

-Dthemanorof Flaet 



RiCHBOBOVOH [Rolteburg], ihc walls 

o^ sbntniont, 1197, liv. 
Ricbcmont, Williaui de, Bjudga,1196, iv. 
Right, writ oi; 1196, Ti. 
Riddetee : ere Ridlej. 



ilii. 

Riketd, Robert, Street, 1198, iliL 

BipL-ria : see Rirer. 

Riple : >ee Ripple. 

EiPPLK [Eiple], Hewemad and Puke- 
hale, doner in, quitclaimed by Ma- 
tilda de Orlantstone to Anacull da 
Cmnford, 1198, xiiiii. 

RiT«K l^iperia], William do Enemeio 



Hochoslcr, Pari*, Arelideacon of, hia 
houie in London, 1196, vii. 

Rodmar^lutm : aee EodmerBham- 

Rodmershain [Rodmaresham], half of 
Uiirtj-two aero* in, Sbolh CgnopliB- 
laster to the aii bmlhera Tuntan, 
Ralph, Waiter, Hamo, Mstbew, and 
Adam ) the other half he retaina, 
1197, liji. 

Rdk^lee, Robert de Leibom givee hi* 
land of (oxoept Bugkinden) (o Jolm 
do Treagaz aud hii brolli^, for HcKBb 
1197, A 

ROUXET [Rumcncll]. rtnl in, AuaciOl da 
C'rauford to tlatilda de Orhuiwtoii, 



INDEX TU PEDES FINIUM. 



285 



t 
I 



Ui be paid hj handB of Balph de Or- 
laiuwtoti, 119S, uxiii. 
RouxBT MAasH,liuid in the toncmont of 
Aldiii^toi) in, AniLaiiiB Jo Biijiiiden to 
'William CBpcUsit aud bia huira, 1.197, 

Bumi'noU: see Bomni^. 

St. AracSTiRB : see under Canterbury. 
St. JanKw'a, hospital, abutment, CBnter- 

burj, 1198, uii. 
St. IiDiniard, the Cemeteiy of, abutinmt, 

119B,Ewetl,iiiT. 
St. M»7 CbDroh.W, de, ■ judge, 1 195-6, 

SBliabui7, U., Bishop of; ajudgo, 119S, 

Sander, Emnuk de, b l«iumt of Eudo 

Fal«ric,1198, in. 
SABDueE, land in, Thomas de GsK to 

William de Einaaford, 119?, ix. 
Saaner, Erdriciu le, of Fleet in Riuhho- 

rough, 1197, lir. 
Beantpga, a field bo called, abvilnienl. 

Fleet in Kichborough, 1197, lix. 



8«rpatrs, see Stepatra. 

Boipbum, Theodbald de : «» 8iiip- 

bouniD, 1108, ixTii. 
Sciphurnc ; see Shipbonme. 
St-iphimte, de : AM de Sbiphurst. 
Srornee : Ke Shome. 
8ooniM [■'.*. Shome], Renry dc; sw 

under Cobhsro, 1197. i». 
Soot, William le, of Fleet, in Rirhbo- 

rougU, 1197. iiT. 
Settlcv, , ot Fled in Hiclibo- 

rouoh, 1197, sir. 
Seueluen, Agatha de, vife of Ricbnrd, 

Dnne, 1198, ixxri. 
ScuclduD, Riohard de, and Agatba bia 

wife, Dene, 1198,iixTi. 
Ba^BiTDiv [Shprendon], William do 

Pluinton to the Abbot of Boilc^y uid 

hia auccesROn, 1197, li. 
SniLiiwirH[SceUwiki'],land in: Jolin 

de Sciphenle and Kiebolaa Fill Wil- 

lian, 1198, xxii. 
Sbilswicb [Soetdwili] ; WiUiam Fitz 

Bruning to Johu de 3iphenl<.>, 1198, 



j> Osbert FiwLuey, 1198, ilTiii. 
Slionaiden : tee Sluundvii. 
SnTrBoCNm [Sibbum] ; St<^hen dc 

MortMton and Atbrca hia itife to 

Richanl do Tabadur and ATaline hia 

wife, 1 195-6, i. 



StiiPiorBira [Scipbume] ; Anger FiU 
Amulf, Robert iiis brollicr. and Roger 
de la OlaigBlo (o Thoobuld de Soip- 
bnni, IHI8, iirii. 

SBiFHiragT [Siphente], two aerea and a 
hali' in, John de SipburBte to NicltoUi 
FitiWiUinn.,1198,«TUi. 

Shiphunt [Siphente], John de, 1198, 



Sbobhb [Seomee], land in, Henr; de 
Scomea to Jawea and Tliomae de Fu- 
geleston, 1197, u. 

Sbome, Henij de : aoe ScomOB. 

Sibbum : aee Sliipboume. 

Siphenste : aee Shiphiuvt. 

Siphenle, de ; aee de Shiphurst. 

airod, Robert, BlodmBrsh, 1198, xW. 

Soltn, a. note, ii. 

South Aab ? aee Sardaaiie. 

South Brook ; see Sudborc. 

SOUTQPLBIT rSudfletel, land in ; Kalpb 
dc Hodeabole to Jordan. Simon, John, 
and William, aona of Roger, 1199, 

Staldiiigburga, a fielJ aa ealled, abut- 
ment. Fleet in Richborough, 1197, xiv. 

SIAKSTED, land of Walter do PeLra- 
pontein, 1197, i. 

Stepatra [? Sccpatra], a field to called, 
abutment, Fleet in Richborough, 

1197. liT. 

Stidatcde, Albriciua do, a tenant of Oa- 

bert do Lougehanip and Aveline bia 

vife in Slietcd, 1 198, xlii. 
Slidstcdo : aee Stialod. 
Stistbd [Stidstede], Pin Eaaei: Oa- 

bert de Longchamp and Aioline bis 

wife, 1198, iliT. 
Stockct, a field ao railed, Shcldwich, 

1198, mi. 
Btodmarae : ice Stodmanih. 
St'onxittaB [Stodmarae], the monai- 

lery of, abutment, 1198, xir. 
StODUAllsn [^Stodmartei ; Mieliael de 

Piikdeatou and Robert Sired, 1198. 

iIt. 
STOSiUBSa [Stodmarec] -, Stepben and 

William Fiti Ordric to Hertenin de 

Poelcston. U98, ilvi. 
Stofimorse : ice Stodmarab. 
Strateat see Street. 
Street [Stratea], land in ; John Bre- 

le! and hia aon BobcH to tbo Arch- 

bisliop of Canlcrbiuy, 119B. mi. 
Stbket [Siratca; Robert Rikelid to 

Hawiao, widov of William le Warin, 

and ber aotu Adam ud Robert, 1 198, 

illL 



2K(» 



INUKX To PEDEa FIXIL'M. 



M« 



f|< 



HriUKiii \H\nn\fn\; Hirnon di? Chclct* 
fi'lii'* Iniid ill, fi|i|Mjrt 10111111111 of, lldSy 
iiiii. 

HmllNirc, DiirtrorH, 11{I5, it. 

HtldMi'ti* : tuH' SfMitliMi'ct. 

Hi'iKiN (MiilhiiH' , Iniifl in, Philip Dan- 
inn rliti iiimI l^*<'ifi liJH wifu to (ii^tfFrcy 
Kitx Vurn, ll!)7, xriii. 

Hi^riMN (Siiliiiii?|: fitn common pM' 
Inn' III" NoHli Oclioltf* rlaiinu«l by 
(liullivv I'll/. Pirn*, liy7, xix. 

Hilttiiiii' : MM' HiiMoii. 

'riMiitiliirpi, fill* : m%* li«-<(, 1 UH\, viii. 
'I'iMiilliiiiil, l^yitlnlll tU; n tnnani in Oo- 

(iiiihiii, I I1I7, kvi. 
I'lri'l, MiiIm'I, wifiwif Wnriii : neo iindor 

nniHoni, lll)r» 0, i. iiiid iv. 
i'lif'l, VViiriii, mill MtifH-l liinwifr: nvc 

iiiulrr DitrH'nnl, 1 1 <.)•*> (1, i. nrid ir. 
'I'lU'iii-liiiiii, Hliiplimi (Ir, n jud^r, 1108, 

iivii ilviii. 
'rn-H^iiA, Ilriiry dn* imn? undiT Mens 

1 1117, til. 
'rn*apii/., tli»liti do, mid Iiin hmtliiTH 

lli'tii'v niid 'riiiMim«i : !UN«uiidor Mere, 

IhfV.'iii. 
Ti^Hiprii*, 'riioiiinn do: iw^» uiidor MtTO, 

IIP'/. «ii. 
Tniiliiipi, l.illjo Dm-lford, 1105, iv. 
'riiinliiii, mid liiN linillirrn Unlph, Wal' 

(iM\ llitiiiii, Mrilhrw, mid Aiimn : tiou 

iiiidnr Uiidiiu>i*Hliiiiii, 1107, xiii. 

Diklimii, H fli'ld 111 Kimi l{ntliiif(, 1100, 

VI. 

rnni'liiini : tun^ lIllnM^JMiril. 

Vnlmdiiii, Avi'liiiodi*, wilo of llii'lmrd : 
niH« iiiidrr SliiiilHiiiriir, 1 105-0, i. 

Viiliitdiiii, Hii'liiinl ijo : mHt luidor 
.S|ii|»|iiit-iir, Ilii:, <;, i. 

Viiirluriitn, Aliui, LilUo Dariford, 1105, 

IV. 



Virgmtc, or Yarrfiflsd, 119^ 



Wallmcif., Bi^?hard, a tecac: =1 O >i.-- 

ton, 11&7, xri 
Waltrfrr and Li* fire tpotberi : sec -Ji Lc-t 

'R^A:ii:T9\iAm. lli/t. Xiii. 
Walton ^Wolrur/. ab-=u=ieE.i. L:::^- 

Ixitimef 111^, iTU- 
Ware land, HI'S, .Sristed, xlir. 
Wan'lanrl, ll*r^, xxxtL, ■->?>•. 
Wansct land, 119S, xxxri. i^y*^ 
Wnn-n : see Warenav. 
Warcuo : fee Warenne. 
Warennc TWanii, Wan?ne*, Wi'"ifz 

de, a judge, 1 107-8, xx. to xxiii 
Warin, Adam le, ion of William, dueet, 

xliL 
Warin, Ilawisc le, iridow of WniLvn. 

1108, Street, xliL 
Warin, Robert le, son of Williazn, ll£i^ 

Htroft, xiii. 
Warin, William le, dead. Street, lli<S 

xiii. 
Wenhella : seo Orcnhill 
Wi'stcrofta, in Leed^, 1198, xli 
Wiiiohcriter, QeofPrej de Lucr, Biahop 

of, a judge, 1197, x. 
Wodnesberge, Benedict de, BucUand, 

1198, xxxvii. 
Woltun : SCO Walton. 
Worthgate [Wrtgate], abutment, Can- 

torbuf}', 1108, xxii. 
Wrotliain, William de, attorney of Geof- 
frey Fit! Piers, 1197, xviiL and xix. 
Wn)tham, William de: sec nnder 

Odiolto. 
Wrt^rato, Le. Worthgate, Canterbuir, 

abutment, 1108, xxiL 
Wulf, Estrilda, wife of^ and Luke and 

Pliilip, sons of, tenants in Fleet ma- 
nor iji Bichborough, 1197, xIt. 

Vardland : see under Yirgatc. 
Yoke of land, 1197, xx. note. 



287 



ERRATA AND ADDENDA TO "PEDES FINIUM." 

Page 224, aftn Vmo 6, we ought to huve kdtled a few worda as to the form in 
which we giye tJip lUpthong *. In making onr tranwriplB wo adopted the angle e 
at it appcara in the originals, not being awai* at Iho time of the " Gonoral Direc- 
tions Tor the guidance of Editon," laid down bj tho Qovemmcint in tlic )>ubli- 
cations issued under the Botbority of the Mnstur of the Rolls, or we should, in 
this respect, hate conformed outscIym to thmr prgulations. 

So. in.— M«BB ia the manor of Mbbr Coiiut in BuKirtii, 

Note lo No. SIT.— Dugdale »tat« that Wailet de Bokbec left two daughters as 
his coheirosMfl : the ooe, Isabel, iQarried to Robert de Vera, Earl of Oxford, who 
diiKl 5 Hen, XII. ; the other (whose Christian name was unknon-n to him\ wife of 
£lia» de Bello Campo, This name, " Conitanoe," our Fine supplies. There are 
other points of pedigree suggnted in it. 

The nature of the apportion nienta made hj the Fine would implj that Buel- 
linuB do Ahrincis doimed through one of the nsters. Tho conjecture that he 
might liare been the husbftad of Isabel (before her marriage with tho Ear! of 
Oxford) is iuTslidated b; th« &ot that ib« ia not mode a part; lo tho Fine, 
which, in that case the would liare been ; and her buildings arc meulionod in It 
as distinct &om the portion of KueUinus. 

On the Pipe EoU, 2 Eic, I. there is this entrj : — " Cornea Albrieus reddit com- 
potnm do v marcis pro habenda Blia Wsltcri do BoL^beck ad opus filii sui ;" and 
on Pipe Boil, fl John, we haic ;— " Bobertus do Vor cc raarcas et iij palefridos pro 
habenda in uxorcm V de Bolcbw, si ipsa roluerit, ila quod si earn dmerit in 
uiorem ipse reddct Qnem ijucm ipsa Y fvcit no distringatur ad se mantondam 
per pladtum comilis Albrici." There was, therefore, no prcrious niarriaee lo 
that with the Earl of Oxford. 

Bj Inquisition on death of this Bobert, Earl of Oxford, taken at Pletb in 
Kent, Friday oiUr Michaelmas, S4 Edw. I., it is returned that he held the manor 
of Flete, ncit Sandwich, of John son of John de Bandwjoo, bj serrico of ont 
tiugifi-fie, and that there is s Mpilal luoeanse*, with; the curtilage^ dOTe-cot«, 
and certain closes worth Gs. 8d. per annum ; Item, rents of aasiiA at Uichodinu 
xxii^f. TiyM. I Item, at tho (east of St. Martin, Iiiivi. rid. ; Item, at the least 
of the Purification, ixiys. iyrf. : Ticm, Konls ot the Nativity of our Loni, kxtII. 
cocks worth l)<j. each, and xljj hens worth ijd. each ; Item, that there are there 
60 SOTM of arable land, worth 2t. per acre per annum, and 316 acres of marsh 
land, worth li, i>er annum ; Ilctii, thai. KobCTt do Veer, son of said Bobort, is his 
DOit heir, and is B4 jesrs of age. 

8am total of the Extent, xivfi. iii\)i, vid. 

The tobject of our Pine is an apportionment of half a kitigWi-fn in Flett^ be- 
tween Isabel's sisttT and Buellinus de Abrincis; wlide, in lliis Inqnisilion, it ap- 
pears that Inabi-rs son, Bubcrt do Ycrr, had inheril«d an eHltre kmgWi-fee there. 
It would seem, therefore, as if tho two coheircas« had inherited a knight's-fee 
between thmn,— half a foe otch ; — that BueUinus had » cUim (whether as son by a 



288 



ADDKNOA TO PEDES FIKIUM. 



former mnrnsgD, or by vluit other mesjia, doeanot appear) ODtheiist«r Constuiioe's 
iharo, which it wn» iMwessarj to settle bj " FlNAl. CaMCOM>," rnid that Bobi'rt lie 
Vem hid erentuallf became heir to the entimtf . The !«□ marks paid by Rijol- 
Jiniu were probably mertly for " equality of eichuigo." 

We bavo fett bound, u honest commcntoton, to give all the &ct9 as ve 6nd 
them, and to oSbr the suggestiom which oixar to lu, but in no wiio do ne prceiutte 
to dictate categoriually to athere. We offer mrauly our own paiMJng conjeoturu^ 
conrting st the eame time the information of those who may bejible to oojroct oa. 

Ho, XXXV. — To " Malete," in the note, should hsTe been added : " the final e ot 
thii word in the original, is in the form of a contraction for errr." 

Note to p. 277.— Among the public Bocorda, there ia a booli of Eni^ts'-bea 
in Kent, tranacribed anno 35 Hen. Vlil., fivm one prepared anuo SO Edw. III. 
for rKiaing on Aid to make the Block Prince a knight. In thia book tbrrs are 
the following entriea : — 

IN THE HUNDRED OF SHAMEL. 
Maneriura de Godyroton in StbOds. 

De Simone Gktdjentou pro dimidio feodo quod Alanua de Oodyentoo lenuit in 
Strodo do predicto Qalfrido [" Stodoland," tlie transcribor'a error for " Scolland," 
the "Giwollant" of our Fine] ct ipsa de dicto Comito [Lfieestro]. 

De eodom Simone pro dimidio feodo quod Alanus do Oodyenton tenet in Strode 
de pre&to QalMdo, et ipso de Comite Leicoetrc. 

IN THE HUNDRED OF RUXLET. 
Manerium do Chkli.esi'bld. 

De Otione de Qrandiaooo pro uuo f^todo et aoita parte un[uB feodi que idem 
Otio tonuit in Chelleafeld et Caldboote, de Simone de Uoato Forti et ipae de 
honoro de Newbery. 

Manerium do CkiDTMaTOir. 

De Willelmo de Qodycnton, pro uno feodo quod Simon de <ilody(inton tentiit 
in Chellesvsld do Henrico Stodotand [ScoUond] et tpeo de Simone de Hoate 
Porti. 

Uanerium de FABKBOBorsH. 

De Hercdibus Johannic Flemyng, pro iino f«>do quad predict! beredei lenent 
[? tenueruut] in B'shkebeiiqii et Cdeixsbfsld dc Simone de Chellceleld ; et ip«e 
de Simone de Monte Forti. 

No. XLn. — Jdd to the note : "or Street {in Domesday 'Eatraitoa'), a manor in 
Limne, afterwarda called Court at Street and Courtup Street, the chapel of which 
waa oelefamted for being the scene of the impoaturei of the ' Holy Maid of Kent.' " 



GENERAL INDEX. 



W. tiffnifla riot the pariy U 



AbergRvennj and HaBtinas, Lonl, Rnt 

huslund of Juliami da Li^borni', 9. 
Abingor, Lord Chii-f Baron, hit sou rc- 

taiiipd his 8S ooUir, 1841, 92. 
.Xlfinmr, Uie Abbot, W., about 10!0, 63. 
.ffilfiiigo cUd, W., 63, 63. 
.^sliuuiea, three onoo muting bclwcen 

Hjlhe sud Sj-e, 96, 96. 
* Jilbolberlit, King of Vlvnei, hii cbmr- 

ti<r (o Drj^htmdd of land in BiMm- 

1c;, A.D. 863, 141, 
.Sthdrie, W., 69. 
A^ncourt, bMtle of, 8S collar, 76. 
Auj, Mr^ Astronomor Bojul, hia opi' 

nion ai to tha ipot of Cinar'i fint 

battle, 103. 
Aldon [Daldon], Thonuui Ae, god&tber 
~ to WiUiam de ScptTuia, 131. 
AJdjngton (in Thurahadi), half the ma- 
nor brlonffod to William do Scptraiu, 

sold lu him to John Oowar, 1S8, 

ISd. 
Alcale, Richard de, roctor of IIamDt«> 

ham, 129. 
Ali-undcF, Chief Baron, hia collar of SS, 

1824. 9S. 
AUinelon, Roman riUa near, 173. 
Aniailaa, Robert, the king'* goldsmith, 

1628 F 36. 
Amublii*, Sir John, nvtor of Ilarriel*- 

h«n, piecutor to Jvdiana de hoj- 

Aiun, Qii«n of Rirhard II., inrentorr 
of bcr j«wvl!i, 77 1 her oollar witn 
litancb™ of roieniarj, 79. 

Annual Meeting at Cantm-bur]', li. 

Anliqunrioi, Bocistj vS, foundrd bjr De- 
nng, Uu^alc, etc., 1038, GB. 

Applodore to Rjo, once an (Mtnary 

Apuldr^Ul. IIiTirj, aenior, a joror on ■ 

■pcciil inqotntion, 128, 
Aiiuldnsfnld, Sir Tlxnnaii, knt., s Juror 

nn a ■iwrial imiuiallinn, IE8. 
Aputdnvlil, Williwri, a juror tm a ipp- 



AnoiUaij ring, exhibited at OiDtorburr, 

Arundol, Earl of, 79. 

AjL, OTCrknd manor in, 5, 7. 

Aah Church, moniimimt of one of the 

bmil; of SeptTiuia !□ the Mollmiit 

Clianoel in, 71. 
Aihford (Eashetoaford), manor. 6, 7, 
Aabford Churcb, noUi<e of braiiiim in, 

176; Athol braai in, 161. 
Aikrbj, William da, An-bdcacon of 

Northampton, 1368, 68. 
Aaaiie* at Uaidilone, 1641-3. 2fK). 
A>toDO, Sir Bob«t, hia lamdy and of- 

ficM, 177 : girea a bell to the chureh 

of DoTCT CaaUe, 177. 
Athol bnui in Ashfbnl Chnrch, 161. 
Atbol pedigree, 182. 
Athol, Ktiiabvth, Counlm of^ daughter- 

of Lord Ferren, aflerwarda wifu of 

Haiwcyn, ob. 1375, 181. 
Auiditon, election of, bcif. 
Auger, Henry, a juror on a ipecial in- 

quiiition, 128. 
Avereneho, 7. 
Afleaford, a second Vagniscn at, 174) 

Britiah and Bomon aiiliqiiiUiu found 

there, 174. 
Ajleafbrd, Borl of; hti catotea, Maid. 

atone, 163. 

Bagington Church. Wanrickahire, mo- 
nument of Sir William Uagot and hia 
lodj, 1467, 82. 

Bagot, Sir William and Iii» lady, nona- 
ment in Bagington Cniurh, Wantiek- 
ahirc, S3 ivdlar, 1407, 82. 

Balaton, Mnvn., their 8|iriDgflc1d ea- 



Banker, a, what 
Baret, John, of Bi 
■tlfor rollsra 



1,4. 



Barf, hi* bmneets of 
o_f the Eing^ li*<!r/> 



GENEIt.4L DOJEX. 



Biraewood, tlie ohuo of Elizabetii, 
Queon of Edward rV,, who forbids Sir 
WiUiBim StoDer to hatit there, 149. 

Butt, Jobn, > juror on H special inqui- 
Bition, 128. 

Burton, KUwbelh, the " Nun of Kent " 
(profes««l in St, Bcpiitchro'a, Canter- 
bury), introducMd to Wolwy bj War- 
ham, 1528 ? 40. 

Beaufort badge, the portcullis, 90. 

Beuripet manor, 6. 

Bitcket, Thomaa, once incumbent of 
Haoiinglcn, CWtorburj, 73. 

Beoket'a murder, described by Prolbasof 
Stanley, livi. 

Beckct's shrine, Wolscy tends a coatJj 
jewri to, 1523, 16. 

Bedford, Ducbeea of, nife of Sir John 
BjTors. 147. 

Bellamoiita, the, of Hackington, 73. 

Belts, Mr., his opiniou on SS collar, 
77-79. 

Bennot, John, mason nt Maidstones 
1418, 1C8. 

Bonnet, Dr. Thomas, writes to Wolnej 
thnt ho had daliTer^d hb letter lo 
^Vorbam about lending his litter to 
bring CainpfguB from Doi'er to Cao- 
lerbury, 1528, 39, 40. 

BevU do Hampton, legend of, 4. 

Bigiior Til^ Suswi, 14«. 

BiUing, Sir Thomas, Chief Juiitice, his 
monument in Wapponhara church, 
Northamptoashini, no collar SS, 1461, 
86. 

Bi*hopB, bill for romOTol of, from House 
of Lorda, sigaed at St. Auguatino's, 
Canterbuiy, 197. 

Bland, William, Es^., his donation of 
antiquities, liT. 

Blargnj : nee Warigniea. 

Blencowe, B. W,, Esq., liis paper on 
Cowdon, 111. 

Blonnt, Ur. (Oalonoll, of Blackbesth, 
1641-2, 202, S04. 

Boarlm Farm, Boxlej, 163. 

Bochel, Bimond, 69. 

Boctun : aw Boughlon. 

Bolern, Tliomu, a eommisaionor for 
collecting the loan in Kent, 1525 i', 
26. 

Bolejrn, Sir Thomas, hiii brass in Hever 
church, 120. 

BonifaoF^ Archbishop, 167. 

" Borough*," the ancient local lUnnlon 
of districts in, 161. 

Bos longifrona, 138. 

Botonura, 4. 

Boughton [Boctuii], Alu^ B3. 

Boughlon, Sir John Freebody, rector 

oifiaa. 



Bourbon, Duko da, portion of liia rmn- 

Boran.initled,64i Sir John Oobham's 

miesion to, 66 ; negotiations About 

his ransom, 67, 68, 70, 71. 
Boilcy Abbr;^, seditious pn)C(<eilingii of 

Sir Adam Bradfhaw, a ptiesi, i^aiiisl 

the Pope there, 1522, 14. 
Brallsbaw, Sir Adam, a priest, hU sedi- 
tious proceedings against the Pope at 

Boxlcy Ahbcv and MoidstonB, 15S3, 

14. 
BtAteum, 5. 
Bnuaee, rubbings of, contributed by 

Mr. Kadwell, lii. 
BKuchley, Jolin, Esq.. 169. 
Brewer, a, at Tunbridgfl, pnnectil^d for 

adultfTBling htsr, temp. Edw. I., 187. 
BrightweU, OiTordshire, monument of 

Sir John Cottesmore at, temp. Hen. 

VI., 86. 
Brihtric, 62. 
BriBtock, George, 187. 
Bristol, Earl o^ committed to Iha 

Tower, 203. 
British camp, remains of, at Cmtle nill. 

near Summer Hill, 109. 
British remDina found ncsrBcigalu, 114. 
Broadliurat, in Horsted Keynea, aatoir- 

cBBe porteullis there, 118. 
Broadwater Down, near Tuablitlge 

WcUa, 110. 
Brokhull, Sir John de, Knt., a jurv m 

a spedol inquiution, 128. ■ * 

Bromley (Bromleag), lanct in,;gi«nled 

by .^thelberht. King of Wrswi, lo 

BryglitWBld, 4.D. 863. 14U 
Broom-cod, the emblem of the King of 

Fmnoe, 78. 
Brotherliood Hall, the, Mnidtlone, 1C8. 
Brown, Mr., Ida surrey of Maidslonei 

160. 
Browne, Mr. Bichard, of Qrvat Chart, 

s member of House incensed M Eoit 

Petition, member for Homnof, 164S, 

213. 
Bruce, J.. Esq., elected on Ilie CouiK^ 

Bnidonoli, Sir Eobert, Chief Justios, lii« 
monument in Dean Church, Ntuth- 
araptonahir^ no eoUar 88, 1681. 66. 

Bruton Church, Somcrsetithira, mono- 
meni of Sir John Fits Jsmes in, 1U2, 



12. 
BueUaud, Little, Bomsn foiiudatiuusat, 

156; Boman Tilk at, 173. 
Bui-g Wood, near Hurst Qnwi, on 

contained a Britiah fortresi, IM. 
Burgh, Hubert dc, 54. 



GENERAJ. INDEX. 



2011 



Tgh, Simon do, oounxil to William dc 

9qitTBIlB, 130. 

Burnet's loiig aennon in SolU Chapel, 

11*. 
Borton, Sir Tbomso, his bruB in litllo 

CsBtrcton Chureh, ButhuiiUliire, SS 

Dolkr, 1382, 81, 87, 88. 
BurjrGeld, aliat PenyMd, 172. 
Bjng, Hon. J. M., elected Tice-Prisi- 



disperaed tcaay nv 



Cade'a ii 

Oun, sirge of, 130, 134. 

Cun 9tono, 146. 

Cnsar's landing-place in Britoia, by B. 
C. Huwn-, Exj., 94. 

GcMT, his fint npcdition experimcnUI, 
97l reaches the cout of Britain, 98 J 
floats down tlie tide along the eoait, 
100 ; doseription of the ipot which 
he fint reaahed, 99 1 the plooee vhere 
he did not land, 101 ; place where ho 
probably landwl, 101, 103, lOSj Orst 
battle at Robertsbric^, 108. 

Camber Ctutle, 96. 

Caindon, Marquess, K.O., appointed 
President, Kuiv. 

Camdoii Park, Chistohur«t, chalk ea- 
cema in, 137 ; Roman poller;' found 
in, 137; "the urallows" near a 
.boundu^-mark in, a.d. 863, 141. 

OamMs, ^omaa, Lord, and hii wife, 
thflfrTnoaumcnt in Trotton Church, 
8ii«»ei, S8 POllar, 1434. 83. 

Qunpcfpus coniini; 



bring bim bom Dover to Canlcrbnry, 

1628, 39, 40. 
Oanon-balla, stoDC^ 7000 supplied from 

Maidstone quarrie*, 1418, 1&8. 
Canse-inm, 116. 

CanterbuTT, flrsl Annoal Meeting at, li. 
Canterborf, Ajvhbishop of, Liringus, 

1013-20, 62. 
Canlrrburj, Aicbbishop'i mint at, 15SS, 

34, 35, 36. 
Canterburr Cathedral, laoiiiinicnt uf 

Joan of NaTarrc, Qunn of Henrj IT., 

ii^ 74 1 Lecture, bj Profmeor Stanley 



on, liT. 



Canterbury, Haekington or St. Slfphcn'i 
Church in : sea Ilackington. 

CaoterbuTT, St. Augustine's, brother- 
hood of, about 1030, 63 ; ehspel m, 
founded by Juliana do Levbome, 8 i 
Thomas, Abbot of, supervisor of Ju- 
liana de Lejbome'B Will, 8 1 William 
Druiege, Abbot of, dies 1346, 131; 
Mr. Beresfbrd Hope's lecture on, 

Canterbury, St. Martin's Church, Canon j 

Chesshyre's lecture on, IniiL I 

Canterbury, St. Mildred's Church, Ro- | 

man work in, 143, 
Canterbury, St. Sepulchre's,* Elizabeth 

Barton, the "Sun of Kent," profcasod 

at, 40. 
Canlerbuiy, St. Stephen's Church ; sec 

nsctdngton, 
CariDgs, Choringe, or Charin(pM, 172. 
Caring's Stile, Maidstoua, 172, 173. 
CarlvUin, 3ir Dudley, Chamberlain'i 

letter to, about Sir Edward Ooke'i 

dismissal, 1616, 92, 
ObsOd Hill, near Summer HiU Park, I 

remains of a British caznp, 109. 
Caatrulon, LitlJc, Rutlandshire, brass i 

Sir Thouina Burton in, 1382, 81, 8' 

88. 
Caual, the Talet of Simond Boohel, 69^ I 

71. 
Cults, flint, often unnoticed by la 

ers, 114. 
ChamberUin's leltor to Sir Dudley Car- I 

leton : see Carleton, 1 

Chancery, Court o^ not established | 

temp. Edw. III., 126, 
Ohat>eI CmA, the Maidstone, 169, 
Ohuing FiUaco, resigned by Cntnmcr Ml 

Henrf Till., now belonging '" ■*^-" 
) fiuDily ofWheW, 41. 
Charinee and Charinnn: see Oarinsi, ' 

173. 
Chariot*, 5, 
Charlea V., Warbam's letter to Wolsoy 

about being present to receiro thu 
I Emperor at Canterbury, 1622, 13. 
' CharW, Mr., his eicaralioua, 1G6, 171. 
Charles Museum, union with, IIt. 
Charlway, lhe,167. 
CliBueer s Pilgruns : see OBntorbury, 

Chequers Inn, Iniii. 
Cheney : see Cheyne. 
Chcashyre, Rer. Canon, his lecture Ol 

8t. Martin's Church, Ixiiii. 
ClicweU, in Up of Wight, contonia eri 

Saxon graTT* in, 46. 
Cheyne rClieiuTy], Sir John, Salisbui* 

CUheilral, SS collar, 1609, 90. 
Chevtie, Margarcl, her brass in tie™ 

Church, 120, 183. 

L- 2 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Bering, Sir Edtrurd, fauniler of Sumui' 
den Librsrj aud Cglleelioii of Cliar- 
ten, 60, cln, ; DoalfmplatM a liidtor; 
of Kent, &1 : liis collection of Ktmt 
Churcli NnUis, 61 ; Lieutenniit of Do' 
Tor Outle, 51 ; gjru Sir R. Cotton u 
copy of Mngna Ohartn, 5a ; fouiidir 
of > Ufdel; of anliquaries, 65 ; hit 
aatognph, G8; eipctlad Ibc Parlia- 
ment, 191, 1641-2, 20a, 203; ar- 
restt'd b; warraut of Houmi of Ooin- 
mons, 281h MarcU, 16*2 1 Bltjiph«l 
»l»o by warrant of House of Pari, 
>ami< dalo, 211 ; goes to Tiuiidun vritli 
Sir R. Tirjsden hi obedianm lo war- 
rxnl. lOlS, 212. 

Digonio, Hugh do, CheTalier du Duo de 
Bourbon, 71. 

DisHKuU Church, ITerta, Bnua of Sir 
TLoiiiw Pttrjent and Lis ladj in, 1415, 
S3. 

Dion Ciiaaim, cited a* to Praar*! land- 
ing, l(ffi. 

Diioa, Mr., 187. 

Dod, Robert, of FaienbaiD, inioription 
in FaTergbuD Cburcb, 15S, 

Dorohmtvr Churrb, Oifordsbire, menu- 
miillt of Sir Jobn Dmyton ta, 1107, 82. 

DoriMr, a, wlutt it is, 4. 

Dou^la^i Nenia Brilannica, 43. 

Domr iioi Ibo place of Cttsar's landing, 
100. 

Doier Caallc, mnttabular}' of, 7 i neg- 
lect of muniniaits in, Kl i St«phcD 
de Penchcater'» Isvl for, 51; chiuvti, 
noticia of a brau in, ITS i a bull gitea 
to it b; Sir Robert A^atooe, 177 : Pk« 
BolKBS. 

Dn;rloo, Sir Jolm, Keeper of llie Royal 
Gvana and Serjeant of tbo Kint^'t I'a- 
fUionB and Tents, his monument in 
DorohpotBT ChuTcb, Oion, Sd collar, 
I'll 1, 82. 

Droyion. Thonuui, Aaaajer of Uio Mutt, 
1411,82. 

Dnil«go, William, Abbot of St. Augua- 
liniyB, uodbtber of Wdliaui de 8t>pt- 
fana. duM, 1346, 131. 

Drjghtwsld, land in Bromlij granted 
to bini by^lhdbiTht, a.i). 862. 111. 

Dudlow, J. N., Esq., elected Auditor, 
liir. 

Dogdalc, joins Dering in founding a so- 
ciot; Di antiquaries, 55, 58 i his aulo- 
graph, 68 1 his Nol« of CburehM, in 
ponession of Earl of WbcbcUeo. G9. 

Dungnioas, land ooaataatlj iocrtoaing 
there, 90. 

Durbjiin, WoldtjV mini at. 1629?, 36. 

UurobrlTW, ItochMtcr. 156, 167 : t*o 
Rotiuin roads from, to Iiondon, 175. 



DuroloTum, Judd Illli, 167. 
Dyer, air James, Chief Justice, temp. 
Elii., SS collar, 90. 

(Casliiig (Esling) Manor, 6, 7. 
East Ijowe, Manor in Maidstone, 163. 
Ebriiigton, Oloucestcrsbire, moniunRnt 
of Sir John FoMmouo in, temp. lioi. 



77- 

EUiam Manor, 6, 7. 

EUi-nborough, Lord, Chief Justice, hia 
collar of SS was the one worn by Sit 
Matthew Hate in 1671, hi« luntl; re- 
tain it, 91. 

Elmcratoa : iw Etmslon, 6-7. 

Elmatou, manor, 6. 

Epitaph on an infant in Cowdcn 
Church, 112. 

Erosmus, hia lirelj correspondenee with 
An-hbiebo|l Worbam, citationit Iroin, 
10 1 hia iokd about a misersblD horse 
given tonim bj Warham, 11, IS, 

Eicbeator of Kent, John de Tje, temp, 
Ed. III.. 128. 

Eeling : tee EasUng. 

Esquirea, wem ensued formerlj by in- 
vestiture of ailver collars of aS, 93, 

Easheleafbrd : aee Aahford. 

E«e, Earl of, account of tiis capture, 
etc.. 130, 134, 135, naif. 

Euille, the chase of, Eliiabeth, Queen 
of Edward IV., forbids Sir W, Sto- 
ner to hunt Ibere, 149. 

Falcon and Fetterlock, emblvm of Duke 
of York, 78. 

Fale. Rflbert, of FaTertham, 1529, 153. 

Fane, Uenry, Warham aununons bim lo 
a meeting at Otford about founding a 
grammar school at Tunbridge, IS25, 
81. 

Fane, Henry, and otbcra, anxious for 
auppreuion of Tunbridge Prioiy, (o 
gft rid of their suits with the Prior, 
1526, 33, 

Fane, Henry, of Hadlon. 41, 

Farleigh, FjisI, Roman villa at Wiut 
Town, in, 173. 

Faussetl, Bryan, 42, 4t| his 'Iniento- 
rium ScpuMirale,' 46. 

FaTeraham, on Anglo-Saxon antiquitica 
disooTcred there, by C, Roach Smith, 
Esq., 42; antiquitica, dcacription of 
the plates, 411, 

Favi.-niluuii Cliurch, on antdent wali- 
paintiiigs discorurtid in, 160; mural 
paintings frum, by T. Willeinent, Eiq.^ 
exhibited nt CanU'rbury, Uij, 



GKNERAI, INDEX. 



FBTerebam, Joan de, wife of Judge Tho- 
mas de FuTentuUD, 163. 

Faienluuii, Rli^htud de. Kin of Judge 
Thomu do FaTAraham, murioB the 
liBircBS of Hobort Tod, X53. 

Fav<!ra1iBm, Thomas de, Lord of Orave- 






1 judge, 



162. 



Fettartocka and Falcoiu, emblem of 

Duke of York, 78. 
Finch. Sir John. 1611, 197. 
Fiahnn, the tamilj o^ HudstODO, 162. 
Fitz-J>me«, Sir John, Chief Jiutico, hie 

monument in Bmton Church, Somet^ 

■etdiircnocoUATofSS, 1642,86. 
Folkinghsra, John dc, 183. 
Fife BJcmbora, the, their arrest, 201. 
Fogges of Aihford, 182. 
FoStona not tUo pUoo of Cmbit'* land 

ing, 106. 
Forge Wood. 115. 
Forteaoue, Sir John, Chief JuBti<<e, his 

monument in Ebrington Church, 

Qlonceatcnhire, no collar oF S8, 

temp. Hen. TI., 86. 
Fo«B, G., Baq., hia paper on 33 coIUr, 

73. 
Framca, the light Saxon ■peiu', 48, 
Francit, King of. hia ooUar with emblem 

of the broom-cod, 78. 
Frccbodj, Sir John, reclor of Bough- 
Ion, trcaaurar to Thomas de Aldon, 

132. 
Frittenden, Bnman remains there, M3. 
Frogonlull. John, Esq., hia brass in 

l%nham, Sunt, S3 eoUar. 1444, 88, 

89. 
FroisMLrt, his historj of the cleratiou of 

Wykebuu, $4 ; his accouut of tlie 

siege of Caen, 134. 
Furnaces of Kent and Sussex. 115. 
Furnace Fond, near Cowdea, 116. 



Qarter Eing-at-Arm9 wears a gilt collar 

otSS. 93, 
Onwoigno, Willinra, Chief Jusliee, liis 

monument at Harewood, Yorkshire, 

notvlhirof BS, temp. Hen. T., 86. 
Chiunt, John of: sev Lniica-iter. 
OihU, Mr., his Saxon Collwtion. 43, 45, 

46, 48 1 antiquitice eiliibiled b; him 

■t Canl«rbury, Iii. 
Gla». Saxon, ii»ed at (krmliouses, 46. 
Olasa tumblers, Saxon. 47- 
OLauoceliir. Suko of, inrcntorj of his 

jpweh!. 77. 
aivnnis Cromwell's Chief Jiistioe, his 

L^iUnr of 89,93. 
Oodwin, EnrI of Etiit, hia ^a?it o1 

SMiilraHUngdim to Lsofwine tho Bed, 



GoUfrc, Sir John, inrmtoty of 1 

jewels, 77. 
Goldford, Sir Henrj : tec Guildford. 
Gower, John, his monumtmt in { 

Snriour's, Southward, 38 collar, 140 

8S ; his revision of ■ Coufoieio Aam 

ti»,' 82. 
Qower, John, buys tenement* of Wl 

liam de SoptTMis in Tliumham - 

lHade,129. 
Grafton manor, Warwick, 147. 
Gregory XI. ; wo Hogerius Petrua. 
Ouildford [Guldeford], Henrf, On 

mlBsionor for coUecting the loan 

Kent, 1625 P, 26. 
Guildford [Gohlibrd], Sir Jlran Wi 

hun's letter to bim and Lord Bofl 

forde, 15267, 39. 
Quiiot's description of a Xomun oU 

116. 
Guldefbrde i see Oiiildfurd. 
GuDb; Church, LinoDlnshUv, Sir 1 

mas Massingberde, his i 

1406, 82. 



Hackington, or St. Stepbim'i CJiureh, 
and SS collar, Mr. lo«*s papor oi^ 
73 1 dilK^rent families settled m, 78 j 
Thomas Beoket incumbent of ( PetH 
Bogerius (GregoryXI.) incu ' '^^ 
Archdeacon W. Warham, i 
oi; 73 j Archbishop Warham d^ 
there, 73 ; Sir Roger Manwood'a OV 
uument id, 74. 

Hale, Sir Uatthew, Chief Justicci, bis 
SS collar worn % his sueoeaaon tall 
Lord EUenborough, 91. 

nalues, the, of Hackington, 73. 

Hammcrwood, 11.5. 

llookford, Sir William, Oiief Jna 
his moniunent in Monklngh ohiL 
Devon, no collar of 83, tamp. Bi 



? ^j 



Vt,. ft. . 

Hanlef, lordslilp of, in Cheshire, 13 
llaremaru, 109. 
Iloruwood Choreh, Yorkshire, mo 

meat of Chief Justim William Q 

coigne in, temp. Hen. T,, 86. 
Harper, Bicbard, a puisne judge, 

monumont in Swarlustone (Aui 

Derbyshire, with S3 ovilar, 

EUi., 85. 
RarpsQeld, Nicholas, his opinion 

6S collar, 76. 
norrit^Isliam, Richard dc Ateslc^ B) 

of, 39 Ed. III., 129 i 8ir3ohiii._ 

bice, Rector of, 1867, exevutor to 

liana de Lcybome, B. 
Uartlip ViUa, 146. 
HoAlings and Abergavenny, Lord, i 

hutband of Juliuiia di^ Levborn*^ 



GENERAL IKDEX. 



2951 



HnstingB, LHwrptii«, «on of Lord IIbsI- 

iiigB by his viieJuJiBua do Lcybome, 

crvntcd Earl Pembroke, 3. 
Hittton, Sir ChrUloplxL-r (Lord Hnl- 

tun), Ilk autograplC 1638, 68. 
UMhiu, Sir Clirislopber (Lord Ilntton), 

joins Dering in KiundiDg a lodct; ol 

antiqaariw, 1638, 58,59. 
HendW, Sir Wtater, Mniditona, 173. 
Heiin- Till., B " nun of Kent," 30. 
Hcrnkb, the, woor silrer collars of 83, 93. 
Hertymf mimh, in Ivade, belonged to 

Williun de SpptTans, sold by liim to 

JolmOowcr, 128,139. 
never Castle, 118. 
Herer Church, brnawM in, 120. 
Holland, Sir Thonuu, takea the Earb 

of Ewe and TankBrliUe prisoncra at 

CWm, 1S5 i Earl of Kent in Hght of 

Ilia wife Joiul I'lantoeetipt, 136. 
Hilliard, Ur., quotation tram, ISO, 
llonomi; Baer^Mrj, appointment 



none, a, giren bj Warlam to Erasmus, 

anecdote about, II, 12. 
Hone, the war^hone oll^n burned bj 

the ancient Oennaus, 46. 
Bone-harncu, Saiou, diuoTervd at Fa- 

TOnluun, 46. 
Horsted EeynM, Sustox, Arelibiihop 

LtriglitOD buried at, 118 ; a ataircaae 

portcullis St Brottdhont in, 118. 
Hortou, Leofoine, ion of Oodwin, had 

HtatM at, 62. 
Hoiir-glou in Conden Church, 113. 
Bungmford, Thonuu, Lord, hia riodu- 

menl in Sa]iabui7 Cathedral, 8S ool- 

lar, 1-15!), 83. 
Hunt, John, Esq., SMJMmt-at-Amis to 

House of Commons, 16i2, Sll. 
HuatingdiOD, Countess of: see Juliana 

de L^bome, 1, etc 
Huntingdon, Counten of, at Preston, 

godmother to William do Seplrana, 

131. 
Honlingdon, Earl ol^ ancient clATter of, 

Huntingdon. Enrl oF, onmnianilisil (lecl 
in li^ of Own, 130; rattjmed to 
En^nd with spoils, and lived at 
Poplar, 131. 

Hurst, Bioliard, ona of the conspiratora 
to tJunder William de Strptians, 180. 

Huaacy, B. C, Esq., hi« paper on Ce- 
sar's lauding- pUco. 9i. 

Hyssendon alitu Najler, John, IGS. 

Hitlxt not the plaoa of Cwaa^a lauding, 
101 



Hythe to hills bcbw Pctt, ehs „ 
have taken place in this district bj 
action of the sea, 95. 
niustration Fund, establishment of, li. 
Inaugural Meeting at Maidstone, hit. 
Infanta of Kent: see Juliana do Ley- 
Inns, signs o^ in district of Loncaelcr 

Qrest Fu^, 111. 

Inventories of deceased magnates, 1, 2. 

Ironworks of Sent and Sussex, IIG, 

Iwade, Lokclyng and Henyng, marshes 

in, belongBd to WUliaui de Seplrans, 

128: sold by him to John Qowcr, 

129. 



rudgsB, 1 

Jusricosl Gliief, did not wear the 89 
collar from Henr? VI. to Henry 
,V11]., but always from hiKinuing of 
Kiiiabeth, 86. 

Justio.'e of Peace wcoive orders of 
House of Commons for first time, 
16tO-l, IBS. 

Jutes, the, B«lUi?d in Kent and Isle of 
Wight. 44. 

Juyn, Sir John, Chief Justice, his mo- 
nument in Bcddyflb Church, Brtntol, 
and no collar of 69, temp. Hen. VI., 



Kaval: seeOauaL 

Eont Archirologicol Society, origin of, 
at Merewortn CssUc, ixiiii, ; Inau- 

iniral Meet.iug at Maidstone, i 



ions to be publisliod, 1. ; first Annual 

Mectmg at Canterbury, \i.; Bcport 

ri'ad at Conterbmy, liiii. 
Eont, History of, contemplated by Sir 

Edward Bering, 51. 
Keut Church Notes, 61, 
Kent, reluctance to {lay subsidies, Hr., 

of clergy as wcU <a laity, 1526-8, 82, 

23, 35, 86, 27. 28. 
Kent, Earl of^ Edmund of Wixidalorli, 

136 -, Sir Thomat lloUnnd, in right 

of his wife, Joan Phmtagenet, 136. 
Kent, "the Fair Maid of," Joan Planta- 

genet, 136. 



I 



GENERAL INDEX. 




jwoods, Hid, of HackingfOTi, 73. 

M&nwood, Sir Roger, Chief Bbtod, his 
monument in HiKkinirton or St. Ste- 
phen'* Chun^h, 8S ooSar, T^ 
Uarnlii>, the honw of, tlieir badge of tbe 
" White Lion, tamp. Ed. IV., 84. 
'""tin, C. WykohBDi, Esq., paper on 
'ilium of WjkebKm'B Ltller, 66. 
igborde. Sir Thomns anii his wifu, 
,^ inuraoit, SS collar, in Giuiby 
!|Churcli. Lincolniliini, 1405. 82. 

To, Richard, ■ trustfiBof SirNiiiliolaR 
Loiojne, LZ9. 
'ell, 5. 

'■Tlmni, Cotnpanj o^ (hoir 
Moiditonc, 161). 
Jiercury, statuette of, fouuii iu Maid' 

stoiie, 166. 
Uore maoor, in Kainham, 6, 7. 
Unreworth Cutle, Hcrting at, xiiiii. 
Merton College, Oilbrd, proccudinga 
igaiusl Bawlyna, Uie Warden, 1631, 



to Juliami 



^■totllai 

^^B- Hei 
U Mora, 



ai. 

MiddletoD, John <te, i 

dp heyhome, 8. 
Militin, refused to Parliament by the 

King, 198. 
Milton, manor of, gold bj Willisra de 

SeptTsna to tnuteca for Sir Kicliobu 

LoTaine, 129. 
Minaler, in Thanet, Sa:ion antiquitiit 

at, 44. 
Mint at Oanlerbnrj (the Arehbiahop'e), 

Bwj^Tomsoii, the keeper of it, 1628, 

&«, 36. 
Minta at York and Durham, 152S ?, 36. 
If olioeui, Mr., Secrdar; to Sir Philip 

SidneT's father, 120. 

mil Chaneel : we Aah Church. 
__. ilcigh Church, Devon, monnment 

of Sir William Hankfbrd in, temp. 

HeD.Tl..S(J. 
HofiD, Sir Thomas, his portrait by Hol- 

bdn, with Sa collar, temp. Heo. YIIL, 

86, 90, 
Mortar, Boman, dcaeription of, 143, 

144. 
Mount, the. Dear Mudilone, a Boman 

TilU at, 171. 
MulloD, Walter d^ a tnultN 

Hichalas do LoFejno, 129 
Uullona or Muttons, S. 
Muskham, Robert de, 133. 



) of Sir 



Kirarre, Joan of. Quran of Honrjr TT., 
^A lur mODOOient in Canterbury Oitlie- 
udnl, 88 ooUar, 74. 
MFr, ali(u HfeaendoD, John, 166. 
■villf. the, 116- 
pMrk, MaidsIouD, quarry train wbioL 



Newark Hospital, Maidalono, 1G7. 
Nenton, Sir Uiehard, Chief Justice, 

supposed monument in the W; 

Chapel, in Yatton Church, Somi 

■hin\ collar of 9S, 1449, 86. 
Nichole, Mr. John Qough, hia obaor- 

vations on 83 collar, 76, 76, 77. 
Norfolk, Duke of, executor to Aj 

biahup Warham, 7, 10. 
Norman Chtet OuiRot'a deacriptioi 

116. 
Norman Chiefit settled about Coi 






Northwode, Sir John de, Eut., 
on n sneclul inquiiilbn, 128. 

Norton, elopheu, a beU-fouoder in Kent, 
177. 

Nun of £ent : see Elizabeth Barton, 



Oolite atone, from Cseu, naed in old 

Norman arahitecture, 146 { broogbt 

here by Bomana for building, 146, 

146. 
DKngsl, Baion antiquiliea 
Ostren BeUovacina, 138. 
Otford Palace, n.-buill by Warliain, ■ 

resigned bj Cmnmar to Henry VII 

41, 
DTorhuid manor, 6, 7. 

Pahner, Su- Henry, 1641-2, 203. 

Pannol Bridge' 10*. 

Park Houae, 168. 

Parliament, the court of equity, ^ 
Ed, III., 126. - 

Parliament, bill for perpetuating, 1 
1D7. 

Payforer, Fuloo, a juror o 
inquisition, 128. 

Pcard, Mr. George, of the Inner 
pie, a member of Parhamcnt, in 
at Kent Petition, 1643, 213. 

Pecunia nnmerata, 3. 

Peera, House ot, their warrant to 
bodies of Sir K. Dering, Sir B. Tw] 
den, Sir Q. Stiood, and Biubard Spen- * 
cer, 2Sth March, 16-12, 211. 

Pembroke, Earl of; Aymer de Talenoe, 
ithoae ddcst sister and coheir Inbd 
married Lord Haatinga and Abergn- 
Tenny, 8 ; Laiuwnco, son of Lord 
Hastings and Abergarenny, bj his 
wife Jiitisna de Leybome, an created, 
8 ; John Buoceedi hia Either Lau- 
rmoc in the earldom, 3. 

PenehesliT, Stephen de, hia laws A 
Dorer Castle, 54. 

Peiishunl, Sir Kieholas Lotayut 
of, 126, 130. 

Ponjflsld, from Salon bjfriy, ' 



GESEKAL ISDES. 



trenched piaee,' inilicstM the viinaitj^ ' 
of s (ortifiotioD, 159. 

PefTj^y, Vaidtlaon, i*. Bunfiold, 
169, 169, 173. 

Pnr; Wood, m ScUiog, 159. | 

PorjBit, Sir Thoto**, Kanuire-at-Anm 
toRi<?hsnlII., lInif7lT.. uidHenrf I 
v., Miat« of Hor« to JoMi, Qw 
of J>av»nv ; anil liu Udj, tlieir br 
in DigBwell Choroh, Hurts, S8 ooll 
1115, 83, 

Pptitiun frum Kent on the •mat of the 
flre membepi, 201. 

Petition froiQ Kent, the celrbntoil, liii- 
toiT of, leU'i, 201, (rto-i oopiw 
ordeml b; House of Commmu lo be 
lalled in, 1SI2, 213 ! (ptnalW ob- 
Kctionsble to Hr. Ovotfe Pcard wud 
Mr. R. BravDC, IIUS. S13; dinp- 
proied b; Mr. J&mes, 1612,210. 

Potriifiald, 163. 

Pi^ Dear irh<9« Ciotr Unded, 101. 

PovmiBey not the place of Cic»»r*t land- 
ing, 101. 

Philipot, auociatcd with Sir B. Denng, 
61. 

PilceiTiig, John, a juror, temp, Ed. IIL, 
128. 

Pilgrim*, Chaurer'e: wo CanteTbuij, 
Chcquen Inn, luiiL 

Planlageiiet, Joan, the "Fair Uaid of 
Eeul," wife of Sir Thomai Holland, 
136. 

" Pleaaace," embroidered on Mllare, 78. 

Pollock, air Fredi-nck, Chief Baron, Ida 
iiiS L-ollariicighs four pound* of gold, 
U2, 

Porteollia, the, UieBeaufon bade?, 90. 

f o8t<, BoT. Bcnlp, hi* paper on Bonisn 
Haidatone, 151. 

Preaident, appointment of, hut. 

Preston noil Wingham, rt»idenco of 
Juliana de LevlN)rDi<, 2, etc. ; luanor- 
houte, 3, 8;' fanniug Btoclc taken, 
6. 

Pielty, E., Eaq., Curator of Uoidet<Kie 
HuMnm, 173, 

ProbitioDW J^tatia, moat inteteating le- 
n)nl>,124,lSS. 

PromhoU lunnor, sold hj Williaiii de 
Septnuu t^jSirKit^holos dn Lorejne, 



a juror, teuip. Kd. 



Runham, Mtve in 
RaTen, Alcianiler, a 

UL. 128. 
Bawljn*, Warden of Merlon Onllfft^ 

Oxford, prooaediogs agaiuft, 1521,21. 
BecDsanta' nanuv ofdiuol to be ecrti 

fied, 1610-1, isa 
BeddTfiV Church, Btialol, nioniinnvl of 

Sir John Jujn in, tamp. IIcu. \1^ 86. 
Keigalc, Britiah rvmaiiu)bundnc«r,lLl. 
BqHiri, lint, of llw Or^iiiing Oom- 

tnittcv adi^ted, iL; read at CaaUr- 

bury, Uiii. 
EicUard II., invontorv of Ha Kw«l^ W. 
BirUanls, iSir Richard, OucT Baron, hia 

cotlsr of 3S, 150 Tcun old, ivtuiuid 

b; the itumlj, 1S17, 92. 
Bipple, "ffadlins manor in, B, 7. 
Robertabridge, Covic'b fint baltle at. 

106. 
BocbeslCT, Dnrobritai, 1B6. 
Bochfbrd, Lord, Warham'B letlw lu faim 

and Sir Hcnrj Guildford, 1636 f, 39. 
Bogeriu«Petme(GrpgoryXI.) oni» in- 
cumbent of Haciinglod, Canlerbun, 

73. 
BoUf Chapel, Bomef a long Mrmnn io, 

111. 
Boman Andquitiee found nith Salotl 

Rinnan camp at Lin)(Beld Harsh, III. 
Boman coins, etc., found in Msidaloiic, 

164, 165, 172 ; Ibund in the aoorin of 

old ironwoi^t, 116- 
RomBn foundatioiu at little Bueldand, 

ajid uthera nearer Alliuglon, 16C, 
Somm Mortar, description oi; 113, lU. 
Roman Potterf, found in Camdea Park, 

Chisli'hurst, 137. 
Homao Roads, two from Durobrit* to 

London, 17G, 
Roman rilla, near Allington, 173 : near 

Banning Churcb,173 ; at liltlc Buck- 
land, 173; near Maidstone, at "Tha 

Mount," 171 ; at Weet Town, in Bast 

Farloigh, 173. 
Roman work in St. Mildred's Cfaurdi, 

Cnnl«rbarT, 14S. 
Bomnej' to Apptedor«, an eetuarr ooco 

there, 66. 
Homncj ilarah not the place of Ca-aa r'a 

lanitine, 101. ""^^ 

Ropers, tlie, of Hackington, 73. 
Roperu, 'I'hoinas,a juior, temp. Ed. I 

128. 
Eoswnarj, bmnohcs of, tlm ( , 

Anne, Qwm of Richard IL, 78. i 
Ryvcra, Sir John, 147. 



DENEHAL INDEX. 



299 



St. Bonet'B Church, Paul's Wharf, Lon- 
don, monumont of Sir Wm. Cliejne 
iu, temp. Hen. VI., 86. 

St. Offlpin Mid St. Crwpmian, SB «>1- 
Ur, 76. 

St. Faith's Church, Muditonc, 16S ; 
quarry from wludi built, 167. 

St. J ohu'B Chapel, MuibtunES 168. 

8t. lAwrence Chan.'h, Kent, hnm of 
Nirliolas Mansion, Eiq., ia, 14M, 74, 
S8. 

St. Leonard'^ and BuivorUithe, opraiu^ 
in the cliff betwetiu, where Csaar pro- 
bably' landed, 103. 

St. Msrr'i Church, Maiditoiip, IGO. 

St. HiloKid'i : tee Canterbiuy. 

St. Sariour'a : tee Soulhwark. 

St. Simplicius, SS collar, 76. 

8t. Stfiphon'a Church : ew ILu^kiugton. 

BaliabiuT Cathedral, raontuncnt of Tlio- 
Din*, Lord Hungerford, in, 115^, 83 ; 
and uf Sir John Chenn, 1509, 90. 

Saliaburj, Couiite«B at, SH coUar, 70. 

Samian ware, fomid in chalk CBTenu, 
Chislohurit, 140. 

SampBon, Dr., chapbin to Wolac^, bj 
whom the latter send* WjcliQ^'a he- 
retical M89. and Luthenn Iwrelical 
books, to Warhara, 1523, 17. 

"danctus, Banctu*, Sanctua," SS eollar, 
76. 

SsToge, J., Em]., elected Aaditor, Iiit. 

SaTCuappe, 4. 

Sawbridgcirorlh Church, Herts, b™«» of 
John Lereiithorpe, Esq., 1433, B8. 

Saxoni, three iHbea o^ Bcttlnd in Bug- 
land, 4-1. 

Baiun Antiquities eihibited at Canter- 
bur;, lii. ; dincofercd at FaTenham, 
Wye, and Wratwell, 43 ; dewription 
orthepIata,49 ; found in Uaidiloue^ 
166; UrtofilliutratadworkioD, 43i 
in Kent, diAbr from all otben found 
in England, except, pcriiapa, laic of 
Wight, 44, A6 ; found witti Boman 



Saion glass tumblers, 47. 

Soion gUae, u>«l at brmhouiM, 46. 

Saion work in Worth Church, SuaWI, 

IIG. 
Saionbury Hill, 116. 
8inbnx<k, Mra., Lidle Bui;klaod, 1S6. 
Sni, Saion, 47. 
Sedler, Sir John, of St. Clero, 1G41-E, 

800,203. 
Sodpiick, WillioiD, a»na-painlCT to 

Vueriale,S9. 
S(ii>!clial]u«, S8 collAr, 77. 



Scptiani, John, manor of PromhuU 
cliarged with annnitj to him, 1S9. 

Septiaui, William de, Bcoior, was with 
Earl (^ Huntingdon at siege of Caen, 
131. 

Sept'aus, WiUinm do, Probntio .Etatii 
ut, 1£4; inquisition on Iho fraud* 
pracLiaed on and through him, 
127, 128 ; account* of bu selling 
dillbtvt MUtes, 129, 130; proof 
hi« birtli and chriBl«ntng, 131 1 
cn» of ParliamBnt to uiuul his 
132. 

Serjiianl-Trunipfltor, wears a silrer 
kr of S9, tiS. 

Serpul», 138. 

SoTenoaki, Henrf , perish priest of, hod 
been slandering Wobey, Warham 
begs mercy for him, 13. 

Shingles for ohuruhcs, 113. 

Sliirlsy, Sir Tliomos, his autograph. 
1638, 68 1 joins Doring in foundiug a 
society of antiquaries, 1638, 58. 

Sidney, Sir Philip, his lett«r to L 
thor's secretary, 120. 

"Signum." 83 collar, 76, 

Sirtd, W., 62, 68. 

Sittingboume, Saxon anti^nitic* at, 44. 

Skinner, Captain Auguilme (of Tote^ 
ham), member (or Kent in Dorin^fJ 
room, 204, SfS. 

Slayhills [^yhull], n 
church, 6, 7. 

Sla|hull : ice Slayhills. 

Smith, C. Roach, Esq., his paper on 
Anglo-Saion Antiquities, 43. 

Smith, Herbert, Esq., hia paper on Uui 
Dering book of Church Kotes, 17& 

Society iu England in time of Elixabeth, 
120. 

Soissona, 6S collar, 76. 

Southampton, St. Michael's Church in, 
monument of Sir Richard Lyilor in, 
1654. 87. , 

Souihwnrk, Bt. Sariour*!, John Qowat'u 
RiODuniunt in, 1482, 83. |9 

Smiveiiei-Tuus de Moy, S3 ooUar, 77. ■ 

" Sovoagnc," S8 collar, 76. ^ 

Spoar, remarkable Saxon, found at foot 
of Wychill, 47: the "pilum" and 
the " framnt," 48. 

Spencer, Mr. Richard, of OrpingtMi, 
1641-2, 202, 201: arrcslod by wa- 
nnt of nouse of Commoni, S3 Mattj 
1642 i attached also h; warrant 
House of Peers, of same date, 211, 

Spifauie, Hartholoniow, f" 

Spode Lane, llG. 



m 

oot*^H 



1 



300 



CmmRAL INDEX. 



Springfield catnto and tnUle, Moeira. 

BiUiton'a, 160. 
68 collar, Mr. Fou'a paper oa, 73 ; see 

" Collar." 
Stanlo;, hb LocLura uii CaDterbur; Ca- 

Uiodnl, III. 
Still's bequest for daily tolling of Covr- 

(leu ohiiruli-beU, 113. 
Stone, Ihe borougti ot, in Uudstone, 

161. 
Stoner, Sir William, forbydon bj Queen 

Eliukbctb (WoodiiJle) to hunt in Iter 

forestB of BameHOod and Eisille, 

1-19. 
Stootiag, Saxon antiquilics al, by Bcr. 

F. Wrench, 44. 
Strode [Stroode], Sir G«orge, of 9quer- 

rin, 1611-2, 200, 803 ; arreated b; 

warrant of House of Commons, 28 

March, 1643 ; atbwhed also by ww 

rant of Houbd of Peers, of sauio date, 

211. 
Stroode, Sir Gborge ; see Strode. 
Bubaidf, reluctance of the Kent clergy 

to oontribuU) lo, 1B28, 22. 
Subsidies, six, Ibe biU o^ 1610-1, IQl. 
Sugworth, Richard do, a trualeo of Sir 

NicboUs de Lovojnc, 1S9. 
Snndridge Park, CliieluLurst, 138. 
Surrenden Charters, psiper on, 50. 
Surranden [Smdnedingden], funnerly 

hold of Godwin b; Leufaunu, 62; 

Entod bj Oodwia to Leofwiue the 
d, 62. 

Suesei Petition on the arrest of the five 
members, 201, 

Swan Inn, MiudBtono, 170. 

SwarkeitoDO Church, DerbysluTC, mo- 
nument of Richard Harper in, tomp. 
Bliubeth, 85. 

" Swellinde Pette," the, io Cliisleburst, 
142. 

Bwidnedingden : soe Surrenden. 

Swrnbome, Sir Thoinas, major of Boi^ 
deaui, etc., bis brass in Little Berke- 
ley CbuFoh, Essex, SS colkr, 1112, 



Talbot, Hon. J. C, 117. 

Tankerrill the Chamberlain, account of 

his capture, etc., 131, 134., 135, w>f«. 
Teiiterd™, Lord, his collar ofBS, bought 

by himself^ descended to Lord Deu- 

man, 91. 
Teutonic race, three tribes oC, setlted iu 

England, 1^^. 
Teynham Church, Kent, brass of John 

FrogBuhall, Esq., in, 1414, 71, m, 



Thome, Willinm, MS. of, in Sir E. De- 
ring's posscasion, 62. 
Tlirot Reach, I'.e. Trod Bcaoh, vbero 

Maidstone, 155. 

Thrott Wharf; 13S. 

Thurston, T., Esq., his eierb'ons iu iv«- 
cuing Saxon antiquities, 13, 47. 

Tindal, Chief JusUoe, his collar of SS 
tnuisferred to his sncceasor gntuiious- 
Ij, to be an ofiioe-loom (or evar to the 
Cliief JiL'tice, 1816,92. 

Tom»on, Ewyn (and Owen), Keeper of 
[he Arclihiahop's mint at Cniitcriiujy, 
1&28, 84, 35 ; suit against bim by 
Robert Trappys ooneormng builion, 
34. 

Tnppys, Robert, goldsmith of Ixmdon, 
suea unjuallj Owen TonuKin, Iba 
beeper of the arcLbtsliop's mint al 
Canterbury, for bullion prctcndeal to 
have bsfu sent him for coining, 34. 

"" " " ' Biahop robbed on 



ml tt 



18'J. 



> pnseat Chief Juaticev 



Trevor, Lord, Cliief Justice of Common 
Pleas, the SS collar which be reowTod 
from his predeoesBor proied tu have 
descended to proser -"•••' 
1714, 91 

Trod: see Throt lUach. 

Trotton Church, Bussei, i 

Thomas Lord Camoys and hia wili> 
in, 1124, B3. 

Truro, Lord Chief Justice, recotTea 
Tindal's collar of Sd gratuitoualT. 
1846, B3. 

Tunbridie, proposals for the anjipna- 
sion of tlie Priory tliere, aod s gram- 
mar<»cliool for forty children, wiUi 
exhibitions B,t Oxford to be founded 
tliere instead, renited by tlie inhabi- 
tants, 1525, 31, B2, 33. 

TunatoU, Dr., his appointment w Bi- 
shop of London commended by War- 
ham, 1522, 24. 

Twjsdeu, Sir Roger, letter lo Doring 
about ancient MSS., 61, 62; hia 
journal, 181 ; arrested by warrant of 
House of Commons, 28, 29 March, 
1612, — attached also by Houae of 
Peers by warrant of same date, Sll ; 
goes to London with Sir E. Daring 
in obedience to warrant, 30 and 31 
March, and aurroodcrs himself to the 
Serjeant, 1642, 212 ; with tho mt 
(exeejit Dering) exsmiiied by the 



Aoril, 
ptDe- 



1642, 212 ; and tlie n 

ring) oamined by a Committee of 

Lord« and Commons on thirty ii 



GESERAL INTIKX. 



. — nothing ippeuGct agauist 
LiiDin ; but Konee of ConmiatiB 
BigttKl on nioo interrogstDrieB on on 
which led td Qothiug, 1&I-2, 213. 
IVc, John dc, EechcHlrr of Kent, temp. 
Ed. III., 1S8. 



TJpchuroh, Gore n 



r and Slajhills 



Frban V., Pope, contmta hetween hitn 
and Ed. III., fie ; negotiations with 
him nbout Bishopiic of Winchoiter, 
67. «8. 

VsgniocK, Mudatone, 154, 175 ; a se- 
cond at AjWbrd, 174. 

Vane, Sir Henry tlie elder, TreBanrer, of 
Fair Laim, 1642, 210. 

Vii^-Freeidents, Appointment ot xx 



Wod ling fWodljng] Muior : sco 
pie. 

■WhUbt, William. Warham'a »umn 
to him and olh«ra for a nipcling at 
Otford about fonuing a gnnimar 
■chool at Tunbridge, 1525, 31 1 of 
Oraombridge, 41. 

Wapponham Chnrch, Northamplon- 
aliire, monument of Sir Thomaa Bil- 
\iag in, 1481, 86. 

Warham, Archbishop, biographical no- 
tices of, 9 ; his onturoiuEatiDn ftttst at 
Canterburj', 9 { hia comspondonce 
with Erasmus, citatjoin from, 10, 
11 ; giTca a miserable horse to Eras- 
mus, auDcdolo, 11, IB ; liii letters, 
ehioflT lo Woliey, 12, ««.; flatly re- 
fiun W olsrjr'a rrqunt that lie would 
lend hia litter to bring &mprgius 
from Dover to Canterburi, IB28, 89- 
40 i dies nl Hackinglon, CaiiUTbury, 
73. 

Warham's letter to Dakf of Bucking- 
)iam, ui which he contomplatca re- 
forme of Hsidabme College, 12- 

Warhain to Wolaoy, protests against 
■tabling the King's horan at Christ's 
QinrcK Canterbur;, IS i about com- 
iBittiug to prison Sir Adam Brad^haw, 
Upri«t(seeBndshBw}, IGi brgs mere; 

,_Jl)r Henry, pariah primtoTSeTenoaksi 

i who had slandaiwl the Onrdinal, IB j 
MeiisM himself for baing back ward in 
■rnding filly able men fer llie Kin^'i 
nars, 19 ; oiousw himsi-lf for Ins m- 
ability to be at Lambeth tomorrow, 
Biwnling to thd King's wish, 20 j 
nbo'il lb" pmi-ei'ilini^ npa'"'l Raw- 



lyns. Warden of Merton College, Ox- 
ford, 21 ; about the relaotanoe of the 
Kent clergy to provide a subsidy, 22 ; 
complains of his inrisdJction being 
thwarted by fbe Cardinara ollicen, 
23; in commendation of Tui ' " 
just mode Bbhojl of London, 24 : 
mises bis beet inBuenoe with the 
luctant cler^ to oontribute ooe-si: 
to the Kiog, be is hardly pressed for 
money himael^ 27, 28 j on the rolltc- 
tanceof the inhabitants of Tunbridge 
to bore the Priory luppre^aed and a 
school founded in lieu thereof, 83 ; 
beapoaking the latter'* favour on be- 
half of Owen Tomaon, keeper of the 
mint at Canterbuir, in a lawsuit, 
34; sends a letter by the keeper of 
his mint, Ewyn Tomson, coneeming 
the continuance of bis mint at CTan- 
terbury, 34 -, thanks for his favour in 
continiung the mint at Canlcrbury, 
and oonsulti bim a? to obtaining the 
sign-manual thereon, 35 ; inti'oduceB 
ElUabeth Barton, the Nun of Kent, 
1528?, 40. 

Warbam and bis fellow-commiMionora 
Boleyn, Cabbam, and Quldeford) to 
Wolicy, difficult of ooUccting the 
loan in Kent, 25, 26. 

Warham and his lellow-commiMionen, 
to Henry VIIIt oommenda tbo liberal 
spirit <H the men of Kent, ready to do- 
Tote their all to serve the King as 
himself a mao of Kent, 29, 30, 31, 

Warham to William Whetnal, William 
Waller, and Heniy Fane, tummona to 
them to meet bun at Otford about 
fonnding a grammar school at Tuii>'^ 
bridge, 31. | 

Warliwn to Lord Rocbford and 8ir 
Hcnrj Quildfbrd, with an account of 
bis being mobbe<l at Enollo by a 



their loau-money, 36, 87. 38. 
Warham, Wm., Archdeacon, incumbent 

of Ilackington, CanterbuFj, 73. 
Warignie! (P Bbirgny), goromor of 

Caoi, 135- 
Waler. roscnioirs of, now Cowilcn, IIS, ■ 
Wsti'rinsbury mane 
Waure, Eing^ com 

quisitioii, 186- 
Wayl«, Sir AInander, Canon of Wtd 

bun, etoeutor to Juliana de 1 

borne. S, 
Week Btrcet, in Maidslone, IGl. 
Welle and Liltlebuiime : sco Littlat 



Wwt, the family of, llfi. 



r.KSEIUL INDKX. 



Wift Town in East Fu-Liigh, Bomau 
rilln Bt. 173. 

We*Lm', the borough of, in Maidatone, 
IGl. 

WeDtiTfU, on ADglo-Sason Antiquitioa 
diacoverpd there, 42, 43; Saxoa 
bronze liimia found tliorc, 47. 

Wbetnol, WiUi&m, W&rhnin Bummona 
bun to a meeting at Otrord &bout 
founduig ■ gramninr arhool at Tim' 
bridge, 1 52S, 31 ; of Hoxtalhi, in East 
Peckhani, 41. 

Whetjnden, Luke de, counsel to Wil- 
liam lie Septvans, junior, 126, 129. 

Wickhun Breniui manor, Sir Thomu 
Rolland, Earl of Eent, Lord of, 136. 

Wight, lato of, Saion antiquities dis- 
DQTerod at Chouell resemblD those of 
Kent, 45. 

Willemmt, T., Esq., hu) opinion on 58 
collar, 76 ; bi« pnpor on lomo wnll- 
pain tings in FaTcrsliam Cburoh, 160. 

WUkiughbj, Thomas, of Bore Place, 
ChiddingBtone, Serjeuit'at-Lan', pre- 
sent at Worhun's inldTiew with the 
itngry mob of yeomen at KaoUe, 
152G ?, 89, 41. 

WincholBM, destroyed in 1297, 96. 

Winphelsea harbour, fomierij the prin- 
cipal port for the Boyal Navy, 96. 

Winchekea and PorenBey,alifl^ betircon, 
07. 

Wincheliwa, the Castle Hill at, 97 i near 
(•here CEcsar huidcd, 101. 

Winchelsea, Earl of, poseosscs Dugdale's 
drawings of monuments and tran- 
scripts of charters, S9. 

Winchester, bishoprio o^ circuuatances 
attending Wykoham's appointment 
to, 66, 67, 68. 

Winghaio, Sir Alciandar Wnyte, Canon 



Wodljng : «oo Wadling, 6, 7. 

WoIiCT. Warham'a Letli>rs lo, 12, etc. ; 
snida a oostly jewel to Bocket's 
shrine, 1523, 16, 17 ; his officers in- 
l^a^BTO with Warham's jurisdiction. 



1519 F, 23 1 his niints at York and 
Durham, 1528?, 36. 

Wood«ilIes Queen Elizabeth, Faper on, 
147; widow of Sir John Qwy. 147: 
chronicle of Edw. IT.'i courtship of 
her, 147 { forbids Sir WiUiani Sloner 
to hunt in her forest of Btimewoad 
.andEisille,149. 

WoodvUl: see WydriUc. 

Worth Church, Sussci, 3oion work in, 
U6. 

Wotton.SirEdtrard, Ejit. (of Boughton 
Malberb), present at Wurham s in- 
terriew with angry mob of yeomsn at 
Knollo, 1626?, 39,41. 

Wo(U>n, John, his tomb in Uaidilonc 
Churth, ISO: his will, 180. 

Wrench, B«T. F., his history of Stow- 

Wren's Cross, Maiilstone, 169. 

WW, Sir T., 172. 

WyciiJTH, heretical USS.aent bj Wolsn 

to Warbam, 1623. 17. 
Wydville jxidigras 178. 
Wrdrillv, brass in Msidstonc Church, 

178. 
Wye, on Anglo-Saion anIJquitMa dis- 

iwvered thoro, 13, 43. 
Wyke, the borough of^ in Maidstone, 

161. 
WTke Chapel: see Tatton Chureh. 
W>k8 manor, in Maidstone, 161 ; a 

surrey of; temp. EliiT 162. 
Wykeham, William of, his letter lo Sir 

John de Cobham, 1367, 64, G6, 69 j 

negotiations about his elecUon to tha 

see of Winchester, 67, 68. 

Yatlon Church, the Wyke Chapel in, 
monument of a judge, witli S3 eollar, 
supposed (« bo Chief Jostuw Sir Ri- 
chard Newton, 1449, S6. 

York, Wolsay-B mint st, 1528?, 36. 

York, Duke of, his emblem, £<ttertockt 
and falcons, 78. 

York, Dnebras o^ inventoi^ of ber 

Yorkist collar of rests and suns, imnp. 
Ed. IV., 84. 



ff 



VSnrTBS BT 
JOHN VDWaBD VATLOB, LXTTLB QUBBV 8TBBBT, 

LnrcoLB*!! iBV nxu>8. 



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