Archaeological Survey of Western India

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MEMORANDUM

ON

THE BUDDHIST CAVES AT JUNNAE,

BY

J. BURGESS, F.R.G.S., M.R.A.S., M. de la Sog. As.,

ARCHJIOLOGICAL 8UEVEY0B AND BEPOETEE TO GOVERNMENT;

AND

TRANSLATIONS

OF

THREE INSCRIPTIONS FROM BADAMI, PATTADKAL,

AND AIHOLLI,

By J. F. FLEET, BO.C.S.

• . • •

• ' • • • •

•■• •••«. •

PRINTED BY OKDEK OF GOVERNMENT AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS.

1874.

J97785

• • .• • •

• • * • ••

• % *• • • •

• • • • • •

• • • •

. : • .;

. • •••

• •

^^N

• •

MEMORANDUM ON THE BUDDHIST CAVES AT M^B- /

• • •'

• •

The only published accounts of the Junnar Caves are a very short one by '•/:•*:.•
Dr. Bird in his Jaina Researches, derived from the notes of Professor Orlebar ; one ' •*'
by Dr. J. Wihon in the Bombay Asiatic .Society s Journal for January 1850,
founded on memoranda communicated by Dr. Gibson ; and lastly, the best of the
three, by Mr. W. F. Sinclair, C.S., contributed to the Indian Antiquary of February
1874* From none of these descriptions, however, could any inferences be drawn as
to the chronological place of these caves among the other groups of Western India :
and, when in England lately, Mr. Fergusson called my attention to the desira-
bility of paying flying visits to them and to those at Dharasinha with a view to
settling this point, and seeing for myself what architectural or other peculiarities
they might present. Leaving Bombay on the afternoon of 5th November, I went
to Junnar, spent four days in examining the caves, &c., and reached Puna,
on the way back, on the 14th. The following notes are the hurried diary jotted
down during the inspection : —

The caves of Junnar, like those of BhAj^, Beds^, Talaj^, Sana, and other

groups, are remarkably devoid of figure ornament or imagery : in this respect
contrasting strongly with Ajantft, Elora, K^rl^, tlje second and last few caves at
N&sik and many in Salsette. The Dahgoba alone is common to all : and, on com-
paring the different groups, one might almost suppose that the Dahgoba and Bud-
dhist rail were the earliest ornaments as well as furniture of the caves : that the
Chaitya or horse-shoe window with its latticed aperture was next developed both
as an ornament and a structural feature, — and at Junnar there are some peculiar
applications of it ; and that figures of Buddha, as in the later caves at Nilsik, at
Kanheri, and at Ajanta and Elora, were introduced at a later date. Or, is it
possible that a puritan sect of Bauddhas, like the Muhamniadans, objecting to all
anthropomorphic forms, made the dahgoba their only (jublah^ while a separate
school delighted in pictures and images of their Great Teacher, his Mother, and
all the Bauddha Saints ? This is a point deserving the attention of archieologists
in attempting to arrange the Buddhist remains in anything like chronological
order. We know that in early times it was usual for one school or sect almost to
monopolize the popular religious attachment of particular cities or even provinces :
these sects doubtless differed in their ritual and its accessories ; and this might
accountfor the prevalence at Aj an t£l and elsewhere of images of Buddha, both in
the sanctuaries and on the fayades, and for the entire absence of such symbols at
Bh&jsL, inthe older and middle series of about ten caves at Nasik, and at Junnar.
It has yet, I think, to be decided how far the- former class of caves are substniuent
to the latter, or how far they may be regarded as synchronous.

♦ In the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. IV. (18:^3), pp. 287—291, C:oloiiH SykcH gave
copies of a number of the inscriptions from these caves, but without any dettiileil account of the
excavations*

1 JC

•; XltCHJSOLOGICAL SURVEY.

• •

Other ornament fe, but sparingly used at Junnar, — partly perhaps because the
fa9ades of m^^[bi the caves have peeled off in the lapse of centuries: but all
instances oflis* fJfccurrence are noted in the following brief descriptions.

^.'Morhjiay, 9th November, 6-40 a.m. — The barometer at Junnar 27*86 in. or abou '
2,&pCPieel ; at the foot of the Ganes'a Pah&r, three miles north of the town, 27-76 in.
y. V.-ipdicating about 2, 100 feet; at the Chaitya Cave 27*38 in. or 2,360 feet above sea
••3 ":'*• ' level. The ascent is partly by a built stair and leads up to the front of the Chaitya.
This Chaitya faces due south, and measures inside 40 ft. in length by 22 ft. 5 in.
wide and 24 ft. 2 in. high. It has a verandah 20 ft. 5 in. long, by 4 ft. 2 in. wide,
reached by about six steps, with two pillars and two demi-pillars in front, of the
style so prevalent at Nasik, the capitals consisting of an abacus of three, four or five
thin square tile-shaped members, each projecting a little over the one below it.
Under this is a deep member resembling an inverted water-jar. The shaft is
octagonal and the base is just the capital reversed. Over the abacus here, are figures
of elephants roughly chiselled out, somewhat in the style of those in the Vihara to
the right of the Pandu Lena Chaitya. The door is perfectly plain, 5 -ft. 9 in. wide
and lofty, and is the only entrance for light to the cave ; for the arched window
is merely indicated as a slight recess, high up in the rock, — too high to have
corresponded with the arch of the cave, but its carefully smoothed area shows
that it was never intended to drive it through. Over the entrance is a well-cut
inscription in one long line (No. 1.) In Dr. Bird's transcript ( Jatna ReseHirhes,
No. ix., PI. L.) two letters are omitted and others incorrectly copied : it is more
correctly given by Colonel Sykes as No. 10 of his copies in the Asiatic Socicti/'s
Journal^ already referred to.

The nave is about 12 ft. 9 in. wide, and 24 ft. 6| in. up to the Dahgoba,
limited on each side by five columns and one demi-column 10 ft. 10 in. high
similar to those in the front, and with lions or tigers and elephants over the capitals,
fairly well cut. In the apse round the Dahgoba, aboiit 3 ft. from it, are six plain
octagon shafts 16^ in. in diameter without base or capital. The aisle behind
the pillars is 3 ft. 6 in. wide, and is ribbed over like the roof of the nave in imita-
tion of wooden ribs. The Dahgoba is of the usual form, a plain circular drum or base
8 ft. 9^ in. diameter and 6 ft. 4^ in. high, with a Buddhist-rail cornice, supporting
the garbha or dome on which stands the torana or capital consisting of a square
block, representing a box ornamented with the Buddhist-rail pattern, surmounted
by an abacus of five thin slab-like members, each in succession wider than the
one below, until the uppermost is 5 ft. 10 in. square with a hole in the centre of
it to support the shaft of a wooden umbrella,* as at Karla, and four shallow square
ones for relics : — for it was on this torana, as on an altar, that the relics of Buddha
or of Bauddha saints were deposited for adoration. In some cases, as at Bhaja,
the box under the capital of the tee was hollow for the preservation of the relics.
The whole height of this Dahgoba is 16 ft. 5 in.

The next cave east of this is a vihara, — the door jambs now broken away.
It has two windows, is 25 ft. wide by 29 deep, and 8 ft. 2 in. high, with a

• Dr. Wilson, writing twenty-five years ago, says the dahgoba was surmounted by an umbrella :
but if so, this is not the only case among others in which the wood work has recently disappeared
from Buddhist Caves of Western India. S ee Jonal, Bombay Branch Royal Asiatic Society ^ Vol. III.,
part ii. page 62.

THE LEHANADRI CAVES,

bench or seat 16 ft. 10 in. wide round the three inner sides. At the back
are three cells and at each side two, for the resident monks. In the cells are
high stone benches for their beds : on these they spread their quilt and enjoyed
their rest: — simple beds for simple livers. Their shdla or hall, which they doubt-
less regarded as spacious, is now used as a goat-shed. Over the left window is
the inscription No..2 ; it is No. 9 of those copied by Colonel Sykes.

The next cave is higher up in the rock and is a small square one, with a
stone bench-bed at the right end. The next, still to the east, is similar, about
8 ft. square, with a bench at the left end.

The next again is similar, with a bench at the left end and one large cell at
the back, also a small recess probably for a water vessel. In the wall is a square
hole into the next cave, which is 13 ft. 8 in. deep at the left or west side, but
at the other has a cell about 7 ft. by 6 inside having a bed at the east end. In
front of this is a verandah, with two pillars, supporting a projecting frieze carved
with the Buddhist-rail pattern as in several of the caves at Nasik.

Returning now to the Chaitya, and proceeding westwards, — an ascending
stair enters under the rock and comes out in the verandah of the largest vi-
hS.ra cave here — now known as the Ganes'a Len&, because this fine cave has been
appropriated by some low Brahman in which to enshrine an image of the pot-
bellied, elephant-snouted Ganapati, represented as childishly addicted to ladus
or sweetmeat balls, — respecting whom Mr. Sinclair was once addressed* by a pert
young Brahman — ** Yes; we have set up our Apollo there" ! This personification
of the misformed is named Asht Vendyaka, as being, according to the Ganes'a
Purdna, the eighth avatara of this devay performed here to please his mother Girja.

He is a favourite idol of the populace and is visited from far and near at the
annual Jdtra or fair held in his honour. The shrine is taken care of by a Panch
or committee who pay the Guru s wages out of a yearly endowment of Rs. 62
per annum. The Guru goes there daily from Junnar. The stair originally
came up in front of the east end of the verandah : as it now stands, it is partly
built, and closes the entrance to a cell or cistern under the vihara. The hall
is 50 ft. 6 in. by 56 ft. 6 in. and 10 ft. 2 in. high, with three doors and
two windows in front, and a stone seat round the three inner sides. It has
seven cells on each side and five at the back — the central one altered to
make a shrine for the rat-riding god, whose large image is cut out of the rock,
probably, from a Dahgoba that may originally have occupied this cell. It-
is smeared red and the shrine is enclosed by wooden doors. Outside the cave is a
verandah 7 ft. wide with six pillars and two demi ones, rising from a bench as
in Cave III. at Ndsik : the back of this bench forming the upper part of a
basement carved in the old Buddhist- rail pattern : this also resembles the general
style of the Nsi^ik Cave just mentioned, in having animal figures over the capitals,
but on the outside only, and in having a projecting frieze above carved with rail
pattern ornamentation.

Further west are two cells, noways peculiar ; then a vihdra without cells,
the verandah of four columns totally gone except the bases. It had a door in the

• See ' Notes on Jannar Taluka' by W. F. Sinclair, Bo.C.S., Lidian Antiquary, Vol. II., p. 4.

4 ABCHiEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

centre, another at the west end, and two windows, and measures 31 ft. 3 in.
wide by 23 ft. 2 in. deep.

The next is difficult of access, and of the plan of the most easterly cave,
which is a very common tyj^e here.

Passing along a ledge of rock and over a small water-cistern, we come to the
next, also a small vih^ra about 25 ft. wide, the front entirely gone, and with a
cell at the left end and stone bed in it. Close to it is another similar to the most
easterly one : that is a cell in the corner of a larger one.

Lower in the rock, the next is like the last, and has a verandah with two
pillars and a low screen in front, with a cistern outside at the east end.

The next is a rectangular flat-roofed Chaitya 21 ft. 10 in. deep by 12 ft.
9 in. wide and 13 ft. 8 in. high, with a Dahgoba 6 ft. 11 in. diameter standing
3 ft. from the back wall. The cylinder is 5 ft. 7 in. high including a base
of 7 in. formed of three projecting annuli, and a cornice 12^ in. deep of the
Buddhist-rail pattern. The dome rises about 3 ft. 4 in. and the tor ana 2 ft. 4 in.,
and is 4 ft. 4 in. square at the top. This is connected with the roof by the
stone shaft of the umbrella, which, here, as in the case of several at BhajA,
is carved on the roof. To this cave there is a verandah 2 ft. 7 in. wide and 19
ft. 5 in. in length, which has had two pillars in front. On the left of the door
outside is an inscription in two Unes (No. 3).

Above this are — (1) a cell with a stone-bed at the right side ; (2) a small
room enclosing a cell, after the common plan here ; (3) another similar, but a
horizontal flaw in the rock has opened the top of the inner cell and of the whole
of the next cave ; (4) a vih&.ra, with two cells at the back, and a bench seat
along each side, but the front wall is gone. Under the left front corner is a cis-
tern, and outside is another; and (5) further along are three more cisterns.
Over the first of these is an inscription in two lines (No. 4) which is No. 12
among Colonel Sykes's copies ; and over the second is one in three lines (No. 5),
but the letters have a slant and are not so neatly cut as most of the inscriptions
here : this is given by Cglonel Sykes as No. 1 1 among his.

"We now come to a vihara 29 ft. 5 in. deep by 24 ft. 3 in. wide, the front
wall much destroyed, but which" was perforated by a door and probably two
windows. It has no cells, but has a stone bench round the three inner sides, and
may have been a refectory or a school. Under the left corner is a well with
abundance of cool water.

Still westwards is a cell and cistern, then a small hall — the front wall gone
and without any cells ; next one or two more cisterns, beyond which the advance
becomes more difficult, and leads to or through three more small caves ; on the
wall outside the last of which is an inscription (No. 6) measuring about 2 ft.
by 8 in. This is No. 13 in Colonel Sykes's copies.

To the left of this is a recess, then two cells, and still farther west are two
or three others, which appearing almost inaccessible, I returned about noon to
Junnar, crossing the Kukadl on the way. An avenue of trees said to have been
planted by Amratr^o, the adopted son of RaghobA, runs from the Kukadi to the

CAVES IN MANMODI HILL.

foot of the hill in which these caves are, and which is said to he' mentioned in the
Oanes'a Purdna, under the name of the Lehan&dri : locally it is known as the
Ganes'a Pahftr or Sulaiman Pah&r.

Monday afternoon. — The MS.nmodi Hill lies to the south-west of Junnar,
about a mile west uf the main road. Proceeding to the east face of the hill,
I went up to the level of the most southerly group of caves. The first
reached was a recess over a cell, or cistern, the front fallen away ; on the
left side of the recess is an inscription (No. 7) in one line. A little to the north
of this, on the left side of a larger recess over the side of a cistern, is another in-
scription (No. 8) in three lines, of which, however, the first letters are quite obli-
terated. Above a precipice to the north of this are — (1) a single cell, (2) a
broken cistern, and then (3) seven cells in a line. The barometer here indicated
27-49 in. about 2.3r)0 feet.

Returning back from these and scrambling along a precipice to the south, we
reach, first, a small vih3.ra without cells, then another with two octagonal co-
lumns and two pilasters in front of the verandah rising from a seat. The door is
5 ft. 10 in. wide and reaches to the roof of the hall, which has been frescoed.
The verandah is about 2 ft. highor than the cavcandthe back of the seat or
low screen outside is carved with rail ornament. The hall is 33 ft. deep and
varies from 11 to 13 ft. wide, but at the back stands a mass of rock over 8ft.
wide by 5^ thick, with a squatting figure roughly sketched out on the front of it.
This mass of rock is very rotten behind and at the left side of it is a well of
excellent water. The verandah is 4 ft. 7 in. wide and 19 ft. 10 in. long ;
the columns are of the usual NAsik pattern but without animal figures above :
over them the frieze projects considerably, and is corved in the style of Cave IV.
at Niaik, — the ends of rafters projecting on the lower fascia and the upper being
carved with rail pattern. Over this is a recess about 2 or 3 ft. deep with the
Chaitya arch over it, but without any carving.

Lower down in the face of the cliff, and somewhat to the north of this are
some cells choked with prickly-pear and milk-bush.

A few yards south of the larger cave above mentioned is a vih4ra with two
pillars and pilasters in the verandah and with three doors leading into as many
cells. Farther on still are one or two others almost inaccessible.

Returning from tliis point to the north and winding round the hill to the
north-west side, we come upon another group of caves, — the lower ones of easy
access. Among them is an unfinished Chaitya, the front of which is almost
covered with inscriptions, but from their positions and the circumstance that in
most cases the surface of the rock has not been smoothed before cutting them, it
may be inferred that they are only the work of visitors and not the records of
the original excavatoi-s. Three of them are given by Colonel Sykes, and others
by Dr. Bird. This Chaitya has a verandah with two columns of the Nftsik
type in front, which sujiport the entablature above the great window.
Inside it is wholly unfinished : the aisles have not been commeneed, for a great
fault in the rock seems to have stopped operations. The capital of the Dahgoba
is blocked out, and portions of a square mass from which to carve the dome. The
floor is now much filled up with mud. The cave faces N. by E.

2 J c

^ ARDHJSOLOGIOAL SUBVBT.

At the east side of It is a cell, also deep in earth, in which is a Dahgoba, the
chattri or umbrella carved on the roof, but the staff has been broken,
evidently with a view to convert.it into the usual Saiva emblem. Beyond
it are portions of other cells and a fragment of an inscription beside some
modem steps leading up to five cells above those last mentioned. The two at
the west end are converted into one by cutting away the partition. In the back
wall of this apartment are two defaced figures of Buddha and in the west wall a
third sitting under foliage with diminutive attendants or figures in the parigara.
The siflha or lion is traceable on one or two of the asanas or seats, and a wooden
frame work seems to have been fitted to them, for there are holes in the stones
for the wood to hold. This is now dedicated to the goddess Amhikd — a name
of P&rvati indeed, but also the S^dsanadtm or patron goddess of Nemin&th,
one of the favourite Tlrthankaras of the Jains,— by whom she may have been
borrowed from some Buddhist sect. Here we have Brahmans worshipping the
mutilated images of Buddha as a S'aiva goddess. In the outer wall of the m*st of
these cells there has been a standing and a sitting figure of Buddha, but these are.
now almost obliterated. These are the only figures of the kind I have met with
in the caves here.

On the west of the Chaitya are some cells much choked up with earth, and
with at least three inscriptions in them. And high up above these are a few
more cells but inaccessable. Further to the west is a cistern under a tree*
From this point, as the sun had already set, I returned to Junnar.

Tuesday y XOth November. — Starting early for the last noticed group, I
began work this morning by taking * estampages ' of three of the inscrip-
tions. Two of them (Nos. 9 and 10) in the cells on the ri^t or west
of the Chaitya, and the third — one of those on the left side of the facade :
owing partly to the stone not having been smoothed before the letters were in-
cised, and partly to the paper I used being new to me and previously untried,
perhaps also from haste, this last did not prove a satisfactory one. Dr. Bird
gives it as No. vi., but his copy is certainly wrong in some of the letters at least.

Proceeding a considerable way round to the west on the slope of the hill,
another unfinished Chaitya is reached, facing north-east by north, towards J unnar.
This is the cave of which a very imperfect sketch by Professor Orlebar is given by
Dr. Bird (Plate XVI). The door is nearly the whole width of the cave; the lintel
of it is broken ; and the top of the aperture of the window is much lower than
the arched roof of the cave. The great arch over it in the fa9ade, however, is
high and over the window the space is divided fan- wise into seven petal-shaped
compartments : in the upper or middle one is a female figure with a lotus-flower
on each side ; the compartments next to this have each an elephant standing on
a lotus and holding up a water-jar, as frequently represented beside figures
of Lakshml or Sri on old Vaishnava temples. In the compartment behind each
elephant stands a male figure, his hands over or in front of head, doing pujA
towards the central figure ; and in the lowest or outer petals are two females
in similar attitudes : beside each is a lotus-flower and bud. Over and outside
this the architrave or jamb of the great arch projects, on each side of the finial of
which is a figure (very unMke those in Protessor Orlebar's sketch): that on the
left holds a chauri and has wings, and some animal's head above his jaunty turban ;

■niLJA LKNA OAVES. 7

the other holda some object in his right hand and behind each shoulder are two
snake hoods with their tongues (?) hanging out. Right and left of these are
dahgobas in high relief but roughly formed. On the projecting frieze over all
are seven ChaJtya window omameata, with smaller ones between their finiala ; and
two on the faces of the jambs. Inside the cave three octagonal pillars on the
right side are blocked out, as is also the dahgoba, but without the capital. There
is a horizontal soft stratum in the rock which has probably led to the work being
relinquislied in its present state. On the left side a pipal tree has taken root,
and ought to be destroyed.

Higher up the rock on the east side of this are four cells with neatly-carved
facade, each door having a chaitya- window arch over it, projecting about 15 in.
and between the arches are two dahgobas with chattris in half relief, while
over the shoulder of each arch is a smaller one aa an ornament, and the Buddhist-
rail ornament along the top. There is one plain cell west of these ; and rather
higher up on the east are four others.

Under these is a vihara with two cells in the back and two in the left or east
side, but the front is gone. It communicates by a passage with another to the
west of it nearly filled up with mud.

West of the chaitya are two small cells high up in the rock.

It was now past noon, and as the ' estampages' were not yet dry, they were
left till evening.

Afternoan. — Having sent out a ladder to the Afiz Bdffh, I went to a large
Muhammadan Gumbaz there, 51 ft. square, with eight tombs inside in a line, —
husband, wife, and six of the family, while the devoted servant's is just in-
side the east door, I was prepared to find an mscriptioD covering perhaps
from 20 to 25 square feet, but had not even the means of reaching the top of the
one I found in the arch over the Mehrah, covering about four times the area
I had been led to expect, besides two deep lines of Arabic down each side : to
have taken an impression or rubbing would have required scafiolding, and an
amount of time I was not prepared to devote to it. Possibly some local officer
may be able to procure through the Maulavi or otherwise a tolerably correct copy
from which any historical facts it may contain might be derived ; but my impression
is that it is mostly composed of texts from the Qoran. Over the main entrance,
on the south side, is also a short inscription. The dome is lofty and the budding
worth being preserved. The plpal trees that have taken root on it should be
extirpated with as Uttle delay as possible.

West from it is a smaller one 22 ft, square, with three doors and a pyrami.
dal roof Round the head of the walls outside runs a deep cornice, which sets off
this building, otherwise a very plain one.

There is another dargak in the Afiz Bdgh said to contain an equally long
inscription with that in the larger tomb just mentioned.

From these dargahs, I returned to the caves in the Manmodi Hill and re-
moved the ' estampages ' and got back with them to the bungalow about sunset.

8 ABCHiBOLOGICAL SURVEY.

Wednesday f llth November. — The Tvljk Lend group of caves lies in a hill about
a mile and a half or two miles west from Junnar, and are so named because one
of them has been appropriated by the modem Brahmans to Tulj& Devi. When

1 reached them the thermometer was at 70° F, and barometer at 27*50, indicating
an elevation of about 2,350 ft. above the sea.

They face north-east, but all the fajades have fallen away. Beginning from
the south-east we come to (1) two sides of a cell ; (2) a small vih&ra with two
cells on the left side, two in the back, and one in the right side ; and (3) a chaitya
of a form quite new : it is circular, 25 ft. 6 in. across, with a dahgoba 8 ft.

2 in. in diameter in the centre surrounded by twelve plain octagonal shafts
1 1 ft. 4 in. high, supporting a lofty dome over the dahgooa. The outer aisle
is arched over from a wall line 9 ft. 1 in. from the floor, to the upper side of
an architrave 7 or 8 in. deep over the pillars. The dahgoba is plain, the
cylinder being 4 ft. 4 in. high, but the capital has been hewn off to convert
it into a pinda of S'iva, and even the dome is much hacked. Before the last
cave, this and the next is a platform built by the modem votaries of Tulj4 Devi.

. The next (4) is the back of a cell with a recess appropriated to Tuljft ; then come
the remains of three more cells, and a fouVth with a wooden door appropriated
by the priest. The next is a plain cell and beyond it the backs of two cells, —
over the front of one of them are chaitya- window ornaments and two or three
figures : then two more plain, and two with chaitya- window heads over the doors,
and smaller ones between, with rail ornament, supported by slender brackets in
entire relief, as at Bh&j4, and quadrantal carved roll. The last cave is a hall 23
feet wide with one large cell at the left corner and seat round the three sides.
In front of and considerably below the cells towards the north-west end is a tank,
with masonry walls on two sides. The rock is so cut away in front of the cells
above that it must have undermined the fronts of them and caused their des-
truction. Possibly this tank was originally a large cistern in the rock under-
neath the cells, and the pressure at the same time destroyed its roof and the
front of the caves.

Leaving the Tulj4 Lend caves and striking across the plain to the south-west,
my guides brought me round the southern base of S'ivanerl fort, and to save
time scaled it through the jungle of cactus and other thorny bushes on that side,
and by lOh. 5m. a.m. we reached Chdnd Blbl's Mosque: Barom. 27*05 in., about
2,800 feet, Ther. 78° F. in the shade. The mosque is 22 ft.6 in.byl6 ft. 8 in. mside.
The two minarets are united by a flying arch, and, as remarked by Mr. Sinclair,
^' form a figure of the greatest simplicity and beauty, standing as they do
sharp against the sky. "* There is an inscription high up on the right side of the
arched entrance. The mosque overhangs a fine tank cut in the solid rock, from
which a large cave runs in under the rock, supported by square columns, and filled
with water.

Near the top of the hill is an 'Idgah, and Adam Subedar's tomb, which has
an inscribed string-course round the frieze, and smaller inscriptions over the
doors. A cold wind was blowing here which brought the thermometer down to
73° F., Barom. 26 '87 in., about 2,970 feet above the sea. From this we descended
by the usual rough path from the gate, and reached the bungalow about noon.

♦ S^ Indian Antiquary^ Vol. II., p. 45.

OAV>S IN ^IVAKEbI 9

Wednesday afternoon. — At 2 p.m. started again for Sivaneii, taking the
east face of the hill. Going well along towards the south and, after visit-
ing several cells in the lower scarp, came to a cave which has had ori-
ginally two columns and pilasters in front of a narrow verandah. The cave
has a wide door, and inside is a large square cell with the cylindrical base of a
dahgoba — all coarsely hewn. Can the top have been of wood or other perish-
able or removeable material? This cave faces E.N.E. and the barometer indi-
cated 27 '4 5 in. On the sides of the scarp to the north of these excavations are
several cisterns.

This side of the hill is peculiarly steep, and owing to the slippery dry grass
it .was ascended with dilBBculty. At 3-25 p.m. the thermonieter at 80° F. and
the barometer at 27'12 in. (2,750 ft.) a cave was reached at the south end of
the upper scarp. In the north end of this cave is a stair leading to an upper
floor. It has been a small hall, but the front is entirely gone except one
pilaster at the south end. In the south wall is a small roughly hewn recess,
and along the wall near the roof is an inscription (No. 11) in one line of deeply
incised letters, with a raised device at the commencement. The hall below this
has three cells on each side and four at the back — several of them quite unfinished.

Further north and somewhat higher, beyond a recess and a cistern with
two openings, is a vih&ra, the entire front of which is open, with a plain pilaster
at each side having holes in them for the fastenings of the wooden front that
has once screened the interior. There is a bench round the walls and an ad-
vanced seat at the back as if for an image, or, perhaps, a guru or teacher. It
has been occupied in more recent times, as evidenced by a mud wall inside.
Next we come to some large cisterns of which the roof has fallen in, and over
the north side of them is a large vih^ra with four cells at the back and two
in the south end. In this case, again, there seems to have been originally only
a wooden front ; but for this has been substituted a stone one of ten courses of
ashlar most carefully jointed, with a neatly carved door of the style of about
the 10th century, and a well- wrought lattice stone window let into the wall.
These were probably substituted by some Hindu sect not Bauddba. There is
a fragment of an inscription at the north end, over a bench outside. North of
this are some more cells, much decayed, but which had probably all wooden
fronts : holes in the rock seem to indicate this.

At 4-35 P.M., after a very difficult and painful scramble from the last group,
I reached the Bdrd Kotri group, so called from a large vih4ra with tuoelve cells. Bar.
27'14 in., about 2,700 feet; Ther. 79° F. First, over a cistern broken in, is a dah-
goba in half relief in front of a large cell with one stone bed, and having on
the south side of the door a long inscription in five lines of varying length and
in somewhat florid characters. Time did not permit my copying this, but
as the letters had all been painted, I doubt not it was copied by Dr. Bhau
Daji's Pandit. Next come four cells, the last with a stone bed ; thirds three
wells with a small hall over the last which once had two square pillars in
front ; it is reached by a stair landing in the north end of the verandah. Fourth
the BdrcL Kotri 36 ft, 8 in. wide and 33 ft. 5 in. deep, with four cells on each

3 JO

10 ABCH.EOLOGICAL SURVEY.

side, and a bench round all four. It has two doors and two large windows, one
of them measuring 9 ft. 10 in, in width, with a groove in the sul for the wooden
frame- work.

Beyond this are several cells and a well, then a small vihAra with three cells
on the south side, and two at the back, with a dahgoba in half relief, in a recess,
probably an older form than that in Cave III. at Nasik,

The next is a fine cave ; it is a lofty flat roofed Vihdra. The front wall was
probably originally pierced for two windows and the central door 6 ft. 1 in.
wide, but the south window has been hewn down until it forms a door ; inside
the front wall is an outer cross aisle or vestibule i ft. 9 in. wide, separated from
the inner hall by two octagonal pillars and two others just attached to the wall :
these have the Nasik or water-jar base and capitals, but the latter do not reach
the cross beam above ; from the capital rises a short square pillar about 2^ feet
high reaching to the roof, which is perhaps 18 or 19 feet high. The inner hall
is 30 ft. 11 in. by 20 ft. 6 in., near the back of which stands a well propor-
tioned dahgoba 10ft. 3 in: in diameter, the cylindrical part 5 ft. 11 in. high
and surrounded on the upper margin by the rail pattern and with what are
intended to represent the ends of bars projecting out below it. The umbrella is
carved on the roof and connected with the capital by a short shaft. The ceiling
has been painted and still retains large portions of the colouring : the design is in
squares each containing concentric circles in orange, brown, and white, but light
was beginning to fail and I could not be certain of the darker tints. Outside is
an inscription m three lines (No. 1 2) first given by Colonel Sykes {Journal Royal
Asiatic Society, Vol. IV., page 289, No. 7) in a not very accurate copy. Beyond
this are some wells and fragments of cells. It was now full time to return, and
by a rough and dangerous descent over slippery dry grass and steep rocks, I
reached the bungalow again a little after 6 p.m.

Thursday, 12th November. — After a four miles' walk and a steep climb I
reached the caves in a spur of a hill to the east of the Ganes'a Lena at 7-40 a.m.
Ther. 72^ F., Barom. 27-34 in. = about 2,400 feet. The caves here face S.S.W.
The Chaitya, the most easterly of the group, is a small one 8 feet 3 inches wide
inside and 22 feet 4 inches in length, or about 15 feet 4 inches from door to the
dahgoba 4 feet 10 inches diameter. The sides or jambs of the fa§ade are carved
with chaitya window ornaments some having a dahgoba inside, and others a lotus
flower, wliile the rail ornament is interspersed in the usual way. The face
of the moulding round the window is also carved with a geometrical pattern.
The walls are not straight, nor the floor level, and altogether the work seems to
have been left unfinished, except perhaps the upper part of the dahgoba, the
cylinder of which is 4 feet 10 inches high, and the total height 9 feet 4 inches.
The aisle, which is never wanting in a finished dahgoba, has not been begun here.
To the narrow ledge over the architrave of the walls .is 16 feet and to the roof
18 feet 2 inches.

Next to this, but higher up and almost inaccessible, are two cells ; then a
well ; and thirdly a small vih^ra with two windows and two cells at the back, one

CAVES IN ^IVANEEL 11

with a stona bed, and some rough cutting in the wall between the doors to them
resembling a dahgoba but quite imfinished. It has also a cell with stone bed at
the left side ; outside are two more cells, and a chamber at the end of the
verandah^ which is common both to the vih&ra and cells. These caves usually
represented as inaccessible, from the precipice being almost perpendicular are
diflScult of access and dangerous for any one not having a steady head and
unaccustomed to climbing.

■

At 9-40 A.M. I returned to Junnar again and started immediately for Sivaneri,
reaching the first cave from the north on the western slope of the fort at 10-50
A M., Ther. 76° F., Barom. 27*20, about 2,650 feet. It is a vih^ra 30 feet 8 inches
wide by 27 feet 6 inches deep with two windows and a door. It has had a
verandah about 4 feet wide with 4 pillars of wood : the four square members of
the abacus are carved in the rock with a hole about 2 inches square on the under-
surface of each to receive the tenon of the wooden shaft. On the ceiling is a
fragment of painting, just suflScient to show that it has been in the same style as
in the Chaitya on the other side of the hill.

At 11-20 A.M. reached another group consisting of five wells and a vih&ra
with four cells, having a mud wall built up in the front of it. South from these
again are fragments of three or four others facing W.N.W. but no ways
remarkable.

Measurements were taken for plans of all the * more important caves, and
copies of the accompanying inscriptions, which are submitted for translation by
Pali scholars.

This completed my four days' examination of the caves around Junnar, and
after visiting the Jumma Masjid, which is remarkable for its carved wooden
brackets well deserving of being photographed, and inspecting a sculptured stope
deposited in the Kacheri by Mr. W". F. Sinclair, C.S., which, whether it be Hindu
or Buddhist, is certainly unique in the quaint and peculiar style of its sculpture,
and well worth publication.^ The same evening I reached Nar&ySnganw, and on
the 14th Poena.

J. BURGESS,

Archaeological Surveyor and Reporter to Government.

Bombay, 2lst November 1874.

* I would suggest that if this stone can be conveyed in safety ^ it should be sent to the Asiatic
Society's Museum in Bombay, where it could be easily photographed.

12 ABCOfiOLOOIOAL SVRVET OV WISTERR INDIA.

INSCRIPTIONS FROM KANAKA

'^ . '^,' ' J Of the Inscriptions from BelgILm and Kaludgi in the Report of mif last sea-
< son's work, Mr. J. F. Fleet, C.S., supplies the following transcriptions and
translations with remarks on the first : —

A A

No. 7. — Badami. — Insceiption in Cavk III.

Transcription.

^srf^ II «5ftHrfinTiTr5kTr( «rr )crrJTF»rnwrH'?l ^i i "ii |f^dl jj-si i "rr^^

»Jri^n^(^)*tft*rPTr? HH'Tmi'^M«4-d i Pi^N«tAR<Jd«f fc^rr

«frftcr( err )lf'F3^( ^ )^nT^^wftdH<iRMmw f^m»ir: irfinrnn^wq-

55^(|) f^»snf>nnT^^rj»T'^[r%]piT«Tc*^'ii'4i<i wift'i^ [ll]?r('r) Irf^fg

* III tho original this lottor is inserted below tbe line, having been at first omitted.

f In the original tho 37 and tho f" are clear, but tbe first consonant of the compound letter has

boon ofrace<l; judging from the space left and the position of the "W. the missing letter is probably
^ but it might of course be }]■ ^ ^,

MB. fleet's translations, &,C ■ 13

"w"^ Sf*r: tTW ?TW ETTT <r55g; [ ll ] ^^Trrt iT?-af ^\ ^(^y
fi^^^-fr f^firw^ ^^^ t II ] 5^iwft?rr: wrai: II

Translation.

Hail ! In the twelfth year of his prosperous reign, five hundred of the
years of the royal installation of the S'aka king having expired, S'ri-Mangalis'-
vara, who is valorous in war,- — whose two feet are tinted with the lustre of" the
jewels in the diadems of kings who have been caused to bow down before him by
the edge of the sword which is \vielded by his arm, — who is the auspioious abode
of victory over the (whole) earth as far as the four oceans*, — who is a most excel-
lent worshipper of ( Vishnu as) the Holy Onet, — who is bom in the lineage of the
Chalkyaa who meditate on the feet of S'rl-Sv^miJ, who are of the kindred
of M^avya, who are the offspring of Hariti, and whose heads are purified by ah-
lutions performed after the celebration of the Agnishtdma, Agnichayana,
V&jap@ya, and Paundarika sacrifices, and horse-sacrifices which cost much gold, —
who is endowed with the three constituents of regal power§, — who is t^e full
moon of the sky which is the race of the Chalkyas, — who is possessed of a body
which is adorned with a multitude of many good qualities, — who has an intellect
which is intent upon the true essence of the meaning of all the sacred writings,
— who ispossesaea of extreme strength and prowess and energy, — having erect-
ed a temple, an abode of the great Vishnu, surpassing everything which is celes-
tial or human, fashioned with most curious workmanship, most worthy to be
looked at on the surface of any primary or secondary division of the earth |),
and having given rich gifts to Braimians in it on the holy full-moon
of the month Karttika, granted, on the occasion of the installation of the
image of the holy Vishnu who destroyed the army of the enemies of the
gods with his discus the shape of which is like that of the sun risen
(again) after the destruction of the universe, the village called
Lafijis'varalf, having made a daily observance the bestowal of food and alms
upon sixteen Br&hmans for the purpose of offering the oblation to Nardyana
and Qiavinff set apai'l) the remainder for the sustenance of wandering religious
mendicants, — saying " In the presence of the Sun, Fire, and the (guild of) Mer-

• I.e.. tlie uorthern, southern, eastern, and western oceans.

t * Pamma-hhAf favatB -' a moat excellent worshipper of Bha^v&a or Vishnn.

J A name of Kartfikeya or MSbtlsena, the god of wnr. This and the following two titles be-
long aleo t« the kiii^ of the older Ead&mba dyiiasty of Pat^ild, (see Nob. 2, 6, and ? of the in-
■criptious published by me at page 235 et aeq. of Vol, IX., No. ixvii., of the Journal of llie
Bom, Br. E- A. Society) and probably to the kings of other old dynasties aleo.

§ Sc. majesty, the power of good counsel, and Llie force of enei^y.

II The meaning of the compound ' bhumibhi^gdpn, Ac' ie obscure and toy interpretatiou of it may
perhaps not be correct,

% 8ee note f to the tranBcription.

4 J c

14 ABOHJSOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WESTERN INDIA.

*' chants*, the reward of this accumulation of religious merit has been made over
" with oblations of water to my elder brother Klrttivarm&, the lord of valour, who
" was sufficiently powerful to protect the whole circle of the earth, who was adom-
" ed with a canopy consisting of his fame which was propped up by standards of
" victory acquired in many battles in which there WQre mSl|Ses of chariots and ele-
" phants and horses and footmen, and which was bounded (only) by the waves of
" the four oceansf, and who was worshipped by gods and Brfihmansand spiritual
" preceptors ; let whatever reward belongs to (me who am) possessed of a desire to
** obey my brother accrue to me." {And this grant) is not to be diminished
by any one ; {for) : — " Land has been given by many and has been continued in
'* grant by many ; he, who for the time being possesses land, enjoys thebenefit of it.
" Carefully continue, O Yudhishthira,l and that has been given whether by thyself

" or by another ; continuing a grant is the best {act) of kings and is more excellent
*' than giving. He, who confiscates land that has been given whether by himself
" or by another, becomes a worm in the excrement of a dog and sinks {into hell)
" with his ancestors": — {these are) the verses sung by Vyasa.

Bemarks.

The inscription records the erection of a Vaishnava temple and the allotment

9f grants on behalf of it by the Chalukya king Mangalis'vara or Mangalis^a in the
S^aka year 501 (a.d. 579-80).

This is the first instance that I have met with of the name of the dynasty
being spelt as ' Chalky a '; the usual form is Chalukya or Chalukya, and it is, I
think, also occasionally written ChaUkya.

The early Ch&lukya kings appear to have been very tolerant in matters of
religion. In an inscription at Aiholli in the Kalfi^dgi District, not far from Bft-

dami, we find Pulikes'i II., the nephew and successor of Mangalis'a, erecting
and making grants to a Jain temple in the S'^aka year 507, and Linga or S^aiva
temples were erected and endowed by others of thejn.

The present inscription fixes the S'aka year 490 as the commencement of

the reign of Mangalis'a. S'aka 488 is the date obtained by Sir W. Elliot for his
predecessor KtrttivarmS. I.

This inscription also determines, with a precision not hitherto, I think, at-
tained, the commencement of the S'aka era. The era has been considered to
date ''from the birth of S^alivahana, a mythological priril^e of the Dekhan, who

** opposed Vikramaditya, the Raja of Ujjayini."t It is here said distinctly to
"date from the royal installation or coronation of the I§*aka king."

* The merchants, or probably the chief men among them, constituted a village jury and in-
vestigated disputes, pronounced the results of trials by ordeal (see the Kftdamba inscription of Bat-
tur at page 304 ei seq. of the above-mentioned number of the Journal of the Bom* Br. H. A, Society),
witnessed grants with a view to subsequently proving them if required, &c.

t ie., which spread over and envelopcd^t^ whole inhabited earth.
+ Thomas' edition of Prinsep's ^SSfSSiw*, page li>4.

'MB. PLBBT's TBANgLlTIONS, kc. 15

No. 23. — Pattadkal. — On a piuar in the E. porch of the great templi.

Transcription.

<^^HI*ll'^Mm^H $l'i^Hdddtl^(^:)

f3(?^)fernTcr«T??T^: '?r(^)crfcr ii .

Translation.

As an elephant, blinded by rut, is deprived of his frenzy by the roaring of a
lion, so other actors are deprived of their presumption by the rules which are to
be adhered to by actors and which are comprised in the arrangement of the cele-
brated precepts of Bharataf. As a curved and lofty mountain falls, having its
summit torn open and thrown down by the fall of a thunderbolt, so disingenuous
and arrogant actors fall, having their heads cleft open and bowed down by a very
clever composition in accordance \\dth the opinions of Bharata, which are to bo
adhered to by actors.

No. 33. — Inscription in an old Templi at Aiholli.

Transcription.

•)l*tlHIW<Vds(d: [I]

Translation.

Hail ! There has not been and there shall not be in Jambudvlpa anj wise
man, proficient in (the art of building) houses and temples, equal to
Narasobba.

^ote. — The initial letters of the lines in the above transcriptions correspond to the initial letters
of the lines of the originals. In the originals the lines are for the most part all of the same length ;
in this respect, however, it is not possible to imitate the originals in the transcriptions.

J. F. FLEET, Bo. C.S.

* This letter was at first omitted in the original and then inserted below the line.

t The author of a collection of rules od the subject of dramatic composition and theatrica'
exhibition.

iucrifdums ircm/ ^ (xufts cfJumuu:

JI67P D^ ^. ^ ch J- f^T^ C^ D

JI^2Z

[No. 2]

MEMORANDUM

ON

THE ANTIQUITIES

AT

DABHOI, AHMEDABAD, THAN, JUNAGADH, GIRNAK,

AND DHANK.

BY

J. BURGESS, F.R.G.S., M.K.A.S., M. de la Soc. As.,

ARCHJ!OUX}ICAL 8UBVET0R AMD BBPORTBR TO OOVERNHENT.

PRINTED BY ORDER OF GOVERNMENT AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS.

1875.

MEMORANDUM OF THE ARCHmOGICAL SURVEY IN

KATHIAWAR.

The chief SECRETARY to GOVERNMENT,

Bombay.
Sir,

I have the honour to submit the following outline of the progress of the
survey during the months of December 1874 and January 1875, for the informa-
tion of Government, and in anticipation of the more complete report, which can
scarcely be published within another twelve months.

I reached Dabhoi on the 28th November last, expecting my assistants on the
30th : they did not appear, however, till the evening of 1st December ; and the
School of Art student sent was so little qualified for the work that I had to send
him back, and his place was not supplied till 24th December.

The principal objects of interest at Dabhoi are the old walls and gates.
The latter are four in number, but from Dabhoi (Sansk. Darbhdvatt) being one
of the most easterly fortresses of the kingdom of Anhillaw^d^, both fortifications
and gates suffered from the Muhammadan invasions in the end of the twelfth
and the thirteenth century. The fortifications are said to have been founded
during the glorious reign of Siddhar&ja Jayasifiha (a.d, 1093-1142) and
repaired by Visal Deva in the end of the thirteenth century (cir. 1255).

• Forbes, in his Oriental Memoirs (Vol. II. pp. 335 — 337) gives the following
tradition connecting the name of Visal Deva with Dabhoi : —

" I may observe that the Bhauts and Churruns, the only historians of Guzerat,
account for their expensive and sumptuous portal and the other magnificent
structures in the city by the following story, which is probably founded on fact ;
though blended with fable. Their traditions relate that, many centuries ago, a
Hindoo Rajah, named Sadara Jai Sihng,* the ' Lion of Victory,' reigned in
Putton, the Paithana^ or Fattana^ of the ancient Greeks :t a city built on the
banks of the river Godavery^ at a great distance firom Dhuboy.

" According to the privileged custom of oriental monarchs this rajah had
seven wives, and many concubines ; the first in rank, and his greatest favourite,
was called Ratanalee, the 'Lustre of Jewels,' an additional name conferred upon
her, expressive of transcendent worth and superior beauty, in which and every
elegant accomplishment she excelled all the ladies in the harem. She thus pre-
served an ascendancy over the rajah, notwithstanding she had no child, and
several of the rest had presented him with princes. • The intrigues and jealousies

♦ Siddhar&o Jayasingh who reigned a.d. 1093 — 1142, but died childless. — J. B.

t Here Forbes is all wrong : the capital of the Gujarat kings was at Anhillawad^ Pattan on the
Sarasyati, — the Neherwalah of the Arabic geographers. — J. B.

B 686— a

2 AROHiEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

among the secluded females in the eastern harems are well known ; they prerailed
powerfully at Putton, where the ladies were all jealous of Rattanalee, and used
every means to alienate the rajah's affection from his favourite ; but when they
found that she also was in a state of pregnancy, their hatred knew no bounds.
According to the superstitious customs of the Hindoos, they employed charms
and talismans to prevent the birth of the child; and the beloved sultana, super-
stitious and credulous as themselves, imagined their spell had taken effect, and
that while she remained in the palace her infant would never see the light.

*' Impressed with these ideas, she departed with a splendid retinue to sacri-
fice at a celebrated temple on the banks of the Nerbudda, and after a long
journey arrived late in the evening at a sacred grove and lake, about ten miles
from the river, on the very spot where Dhuboy now stands ; there the princess
pitched her tents, intending to conclude the journey the next morning. In this
grove dwelt a Gosanee, who had renounced the world, and passed his life in
religious retirement. On hearing of Rattanalee's arrival he requested to be
admitted into her presence, a request which is seldom refused to those holy men :
he desired her not to proceed any further, as that grove was sacred, and there
in a few days she would be delivered of a son. The princess followed his advice
and continued in her encampment until the birth of her child, who, at the Go-
sanee's desire, was named Viseldow, * or the child of twenty months.*

" This pleasing news was soon conveyed to the rajah, who declared young
Viseldow heir to the throne ; and finding his mother delighted with the spot where
she had obtained the blessing, and fearful of returning among the ladies of the
harem, he ordered the lake to be enlarged, the groves extended, and a city erected
surrounded by a strong fortification, and beautified with very costly decoration.
The most eminent artists were engaged to build this famous city, and over them
was placed a man of superior abilities, who lived to complete the immense work,
thirty- two years after its commencement. At that time Viseldow* had succeeded
his father on the throne of Putton, but generally resided at the place of ^^is
nativity, where, on dismissing the several artists, he made them suitable presents ;
but desirous of more amply gratifying the man to whose superior taste it was
indebted for such extraordinary beauty, he desired him to name a reward for
his services. The architect respectfully replied, that being happy in the prince's
favour he wanted neither money nor jewels ; but as the place had not yet received
any particular name, he entreated it might be called after his own, Dubhowey,
which was immediately granted, and with a slight alteration is the name it
still retains."

The gate that has suffered most is the Hirk gate on the east, beside a temple
of K41k& MUtsl, remarkable for its profuse sculpture : the most entire is the Nan-
do4 gate on the south. Original portions, however, of the four still remain, — they
have only been repaired or partially rebuilt, and Muhammadan arches substituted
for the old Rajput mode of spanning the aperture by corbelling inwards, with
long stone lintels above supported by a series of carved brackets. The gates
are about 16 feet wide by 30 deep, with six arches in the depth, the pilasters to
which contract the clear way to little over 13 feet. The space between the

♦ Vtsal Deva, the brotherof Vira Dhavala of the Waghela dynasty, ruled from 1243 to 1261. — J. B.

AHMEDABAD. 3

middle pair of arches is about 8^ feet, and to the outer of these two the gate was
hung. Inside there is one small room on each side, about 6^ feet by 9, for the
darwdn ; otherwise the lower portion on each side of the entrance is a solid
mass of masonry 30 feet by 12.

The brackets and lintels and upper portions of the side walls have all been
elaborately carved with mythological figures and architectural ornament ; and
inside over the top of the f agade of the N4ndod gate there are remains of a line of
statues. Most of the larger figures, however, have been damaged by the Muham-
madans. The Hir4 gate, said to be so named from the mason or master-builder
under whose superintendence and from whose designs it and the temple beside it
were built, has suffered so much that it has been almost entirely rebuilt. There
are fragments of two inscriptions on this gate, but so situated and in such condi-
tion that I could get neither rubbing nor * estampage ' of them. Had I only had a
pandit with me, copies might, with some care, have been obtained, as also of a much
more perfect one on a marble slab on the base of KlLlk4's temple, and of another
in Persian and Sanskrit near the large tal&o, in the town. Tue walls are much
ruined in many- places, but there are still considerable remains of the covered
portico or colonnade that extended along the inside of them, and which probably
formed the barracks of the Hindu garrison : it is generally over 9 feet in depth,
with portions 16 feet 4 inches deep : one of the most entire being to the right on
entering the Barodll gate.

The tower at the south-west comer drawn by Klinloch Forbes {Rds Mdld,
Vol., I. p. 252) hsLS perpendicxdar walls : they do not slope iwwards as he repre-
sents.

Photographs were taken of the HirS, gate and temple, of the NS.ndod and
Baroda gates, and of the tower just referred to. I wanted also sketches of some
of the curiously sculptured stones built into the walls beside the Mori gate, but
here my assistant failed me.

bth December. Ahmedabad. — Here I got very good rubbings of many of the
inscriptions in the mosques, and might have got many more had I been able to
spare the time. With Uolonel Mellis I went over the excavations in the Bhadr,
and can have no doubt that the foundations he has exposed, are those of the
original Muhammadan citadel of the 15th century, to which the present building
is long subsequent.* I examined the principal sculptured stones that had then
been dug up, and have already suggested that they should be kept until my
return to Ahmedabad, probably in April, when I shall select such as seem deserv-
ing of permanent preservation.

A principal object of my visiting the mosques, Ac, of Ahmedabad and Sar-

khej was to see what seemed to require special attention for their preservation.

, — - — , — — .

* Mahmud Begada suironnded Ahmedabad with a wall iCnd bastions in a.d. 1485-6, inscribing
the Hijirah date in the chronogram, —

^^ ^ ^ 9 ^ ^

" Whoever is within is safe."

4 ABCRSOLOGICAL BUBYET.

Eani Sipri's tomb is being extensively restored, and Rani Rupamatl's mosque
is also midergoing thorough repair under the superintendence of Colonel Mellis.
And most of the others that I had time to visit seem to be in fair repair, and only
require occasional attention to keep down weeds and young trees which are so
apt to take root on the flat roofs. Two or three monuments, however, do
seem to require a little more attention than they have hitherto received. The
first is Ahmed Sh&h's mosque in the Bhadr. It is hidden away from general
inspection, in a courtyard filled with rubbish and weeds, and has not been used
for worship for at least a century, but when carefully examined it will scarcely
be found second in interest to any at Ahmedabad and in structural arrangements
and proportions inside. It ought, I submit, to be cleaned out and kept in such
repair as to prevent its going to decay : restoration I would ask none.

The Ranis's tombs come next in interest : they have suffered sadly from
people carrying off the beautifully carved marble slabs. The court and corridors
with the exquisitely latticed screens also require attention.

The third building is Dastur Kh4n's mosque, the modem brick partitions
and rubbish about which might be cleared away, and the perforated screen— one
of great beauty — might be cared for.

Several of the buildings at Ahmedabad have, I believe, fallen into the hands
of Government, and I know of no place in India where General Cunningham's
very sensible recommendation to place religious buildings, no longer in use as such^
under the civil authority of the place, could be more easily carried out. It has
already been so done in several cases with the best results, where there are funds
for the special preservation of the buildings ; where this is not the case, I would
suggest that the surplus of funds should not be largely expended on restorations,
but used, in part at least, for the conservation of all the Musalman remains placed
imder the charge of the Collector.

Ahmedabad was illustrated about eight years ago by a series of about 120
photographs taken by Colonel Biggs and edited with very valuable architectural
and historical introductions by Mr. J. Fergusson, D.C.L., F.R.S.; and Mr.
T. Hope, Bo.C.S. But valuable and interesting as that work is, it by no means
adequately represents the art and architecture of the place. Were the Archaeologi-
cal Survey of Western India not so limited both in time and equipment, it would
be worth while to devote five or six months to the delineation of details,
sections, ground-plans, &c., with a view to the preparation of a volume analogous
to that issued eight years ago on Bijapur, — with the addition, however, of a com-
plete series of the inscriptions.

10th December. — Left Ahmedabadfor Wadhwan, and reached Dhranghadhra
the same evening, returning to Wadhwan on the 12th. On Monday, 14th, went to
Mull, where is a fine large temple of Sw4mi N4r4yana, but it is so like others of
the sect in many places throughout K&thi&w&d that I did not delay to photo-
graph it.

16th December. — Th^n is a village to the north of the main road from Wadh-
wan to R&jkot, 12 or 14 miles north-west from Mull. Close to the village is a

THAN. 5

small rock-cut apartment, apparently never quite finished. It has two pillars
supporting the roof, and at the back a small shrine advancing into the cave with
a stone bench in it as if for an image ; but beyond this and the probability that,
like the majority of other caves in this province, it may be Bauddha, there is
nothing further to indicate the sect that excavated it, nor the age in which it
was made.

About 600 yards south-west from the village, in a rock or low rocky hill, is
another similar cave somewhat smaller and very rudely formed : the roof is also
supported by two pillars much worn, and two others at the back not quite
detached from the rock. The roof 'is low and the sides unfinished. There have
xlso been other excavations in the rock close by, but the stone is easily weather-
vorn, and little of them remains.

Snake-worship still lingers among the KS,this about Th^n. On the west side
of a tank near the village is a small temple devoted to it. The Devata is W&sukhi
or V&singhji, (vulgarly pronounced * B^shanji ') — one of the five snake brethren :
the others being B4ndi4 Beli — ^who has a shrine at a place about 3 miles from
Th4n, where is a slightly warm spring close to the ruins of M4nd4vgadh (in
the M&ndav hills); T41saniyo; Bhujiyo; and KhAmbrS.. W^sukhi is deified as
S esha N^r4yana, and represented in the temple, on a slab, by a triple-headed
snake with the tail coiled up spirally, and two smaller monocephalous ones —one
on each side. On their right (the spectator's left) is a figure of NS,r&yana or
Vishnu. Both images are smeared red all over, and before them are laid s'dUgrdmas
and s'ankhas. The puj&^ri is a sannydsi from near BanSxas, and wears a brick-
red cloth and uses a Rudr^ksha M&l^, or rosary, of 19 beads. Shading the
temple is a large Bdyana tree — the close foliage of small dark green oval leaves,
which makes its shade so grateful, apparently having had to do with its being
consecrated as a sacred tree in Western India, where it is specially dedicated by
the Jains to their first Tirthankara — RishabhanlLtha — the patron saint of S'atruii-
jaya — no shrine to him being complete without a Rdyana tree overshadowing his
char ana or footprints.

In the court of this teipple are many slabs of pottery, with images of the
three snakes in alto rilievo similar to that in the shrine : they are apparently
votive offerings. Doubtless much curious information respecting snake- worship
and the worship of the Sun could be obtained in this neighbourhood by any one
who had the time and tact to elicit it : it is to be hoped Major Watson may some
day take the opportunity of doing so.

Outside the village, on a long raised platform, are seven small shrines in line,
each with a small open porch, and containing the charana of the Bhaktas of the
KAthts, — except one in which a linga is placed. In another, a little advanced
from the line, is a small brass image of KAnya, or L&lji On each side of him is
what they call * Niklanga ' — a man on horseback — representing the tenth avatar of
Vishnu, and in front of the altar are the paglan of J^dra Bhakt — apparently a
recently deceased SAdhu.

Four miles south from ThS.n is the ruin of an old bdnd known as the S4ndA-
sar, built originally of massive stones but burst by the force of the retained water,

b686— 6

6 ABCH-ffiOLOGICAL STIBVET.

and the stones are now found scattered down the stream for several miles.
Just above the east end of it on a rocky rising ground stands a small deserted
temple called Muni B&w^'s. When entire it must have been a very pretty
shrine— prettily situated where it commands an extensive view, much more beauti-
ful doubtless when the S4nd4sar dam formed an extensive reservoir, almost in
front of it. There is no inscription on it except on the jamb of the shrine door,
where we read —

but wliich seems to have been cut by some visitor, for the temple must belong
tr) al>out the same age as that of SArya N4r4yana at SomanAth, and is probably
the older of the two — possibly dating from the 11th century. The plan is
the usual one for a small temple — a broken square, of twelve columns, with tnvo
outside on each face, forming bays to the side windows, a vestibule to the shrine
Hiid an inner porch : each area measuring Cfeet 3 inches by 3 feet 4 inches. The
squnre inside measures 15 feet 2 inches between opposite columns. The pillars
rir»; srjuare below, and built partly into the high screen wall that surrounds the
mandap : above the screen they are octagonal, with round capitals supporting
brackets. Each bracket has a four-armed figure carved upon it — each figure
different from the others or in a different position : one is a Ganapati, another
has a dog's face on his stomach and holds the mouth of it open with his fingers,
one has his head turned downwards and his back outwards, and supports the
upper member of the bracket with his feet, some gape, and most of them are
comical or whimsical.

One pillar of the mandap and much of the sculpture on the S'ikhar has
fallen. The shrine door is neatly carved with a running flower pattern on the
jambs, human figures below at each side, and three bands of small ones on the
architrave, outside the jams. Granapati is carved on the lintel, indicating a
S'aiva shrine, and the frieze above is divided into seven compartments by colon-
nettes ; the central one is occupied by a sitting figure, and the others by stand-
ing ones.

The roof is domed on eight pillars — the central pair on each face of the
square, and has been neatly carved, as have also the roofs of the porch and shrine.

Outside, round the vimana or shrine, are carved a number of mythological
figures ; — one of them on the back, or west end, is a three-faced figure or trimnrti^
— pussibly intended for Brahma. In all the receding compartments are figures of
a curious nondescript animal, a sort of griffon — grdsdd — which again occurs in a
much less prominent form at Gumli, but figures in Indian sculpture from the age
of the Bauddha caves downwards : perhaps it is intended for a sinha, but sorae-
tiuios it is carved with a long snout like a tapir's, or an elephant's trunk, and
sometimes with very long horns like an antelope's. Here it is repeated again and
again as a principal figure, assailed by men with bows, spears, &c.

Songadh. — The old temple of the sun has been pulled down, and a modern
shriue raised on the site.

24fth December. Junagadh. — The antiquities of Junslgah are too numerous
to describe in detail without plans and photographs, which cannot be given here.

JUNAOADH ROCK PALACE. /

I shall not, therefore, attempt to give any account of the Jaina temples on Mount
Girnar, but confine these notes almost entirely to the Bauddha and other remains
apparently of about the same age.

In the jungle within the north wall of Jun^gadh, at M&ri-Gadechi, under
an old Hindu temple converted into a mosque, is a cave 26 feet 8 inches wide by
13 feet deep : the roof supported by two octagonal columns 9 feet 10^ inches high,
with sculptured capitals,* — the sculpture, however, defaced and plastered over by
its Muhammadan appropriators. The two square pillars which divide the front of
the cave, have had ^mAa brackets on the outer face, and are 7 feet 10 inches higli.
At the west end is a small cell 8 feet 11 inches by 6 feet 2 inches.

It is by no means clear that this was a monastic abode : it seems quite as likely
that it was a sort of garden retreat with a bath in front, similar, to the one to
be afterwards described on the Uparkot, and connected with the palace at Kdp-
r3L KodiA,. In the sunk area or court in front now stands the small cell or shrine
of a pir or 'tulid^ about whom the attendant and others tell stories of the most
grovelling and silly ignorance, of marvels that a child might well refuse to listen to,
as equally absurd as they are purposeless.

To the west of this is the rock of Opr^ Kodi4, now rapidly disappearing be-
fore the Naw&b's quarrymen, — but in which is still to be seen a portion of an
ancient rock-hewn dwelling, originally of great extent, and still locally known as
Klieng&r's Mehal or palace. What still remains of it extends fully 250 feet iu
length, through the rock, and has a width at one part of about 80 feet ; but as
the rock has been quarried entirely away, up to these limits, on three sides, it is
impossible to tell what was its original extent or plan. " It was too old," said a
man I spoke to, " to be of any use, and so the DarbS,rgave it up to be quarried."
This, I believe, represents the genuine local view on the point. Would that
we had had a plan and a few descriptive notes of its original extent and details
before the quaiTymen touched it !

Beginning at the west end, we find on the top of the rock two stairs descend -
incr, the one from the south and the other from the north ; by the former of
these we enter the south side of a hall about 38 feet 8 inches square, Avith four
heavy pillars in the floor enclosing an area about lr5 feet square, which is open to
the air above. In the south-west comer the wall has been broken through from the
quarry. On the west side is a small unfinished recess ; and at the north-west
corner is a somewhat larger one with two pillars in front, and open into the quarry
on its west side. At the south-east comer a door leads to the foot of the
other stair already mentioned, and opposite to it is a door entering a much larger
hall, 61 feet by 60, with sixteen pillars on the floor (one of them destroyed) ar-
ranged in fours round four areas, each about 15 feet square and open above, leav-
ing between them two aisles crossing at right angles in the centre. All the })il-
lars are quite devoid of carving, and have a re-entrant angle at the corner of the
open square. They are not exactly of the same dimensions, nor perfectly sym-
metrically arranged, nor are the sides of the rooms quite straight. Round the

* A ground plan ar.d drawing of one of the colamus made.

8 AECHiEOLOGlCAL SURVEY.

walls has been a bench. On the north wall is the Inscription No. 5. The wall
is rough and full of small holes, so that the points are read doubtfully.

On the east side, near the north end, a door leads into what must have been
a spacious apartment. The back or north corridor is 111 feet in length by 10^
feet wide, and has returned along the east and west sides. The west side is en-
tirely ruined by the quarry, but on the east it extends about 90 feet, by 8 feet 10
inches wide inside the pillars. In front of this has been a passage about 9 feet
wide and open above, and within this again a second covered corridor about 10
feet wide, including the columns : on the east side, however, there is a wall afford-
ing support to a stair ascending from the open passage to the roof or top of the
rock. Within this the whole is quarried away.* Under the centre of this apart-
ment there is a passage, but whether for sewage or as a secret entrance, can
scarcely be determined : it is quite choked up with earth and rubbish.

Leaving this by a door on the north side, we enter a hall extending east and
west, 67 feet 4 inches by about 16 feet 10 inches wide, which has recently been
used to burn lime in. Two pillars still support the roof, but others have been
destroyed, as has the whole of the front up to, and under which the quarry has
recently been extended. At each end is a chamber measuring 17 feet by 8 feet
9 inches with two pillars in front — one gone in each case.

At the north-east corner of this a fragment of an apartment is left, showing
that, in this direction at least, the excavations extended further. And just behind
this, is the side of a shaft which descended from the top of the rock into the sub-
terranean passage already mentioned. The rest has been recently quarried away.

Returning into the long corridor we find another door, further east, which,
by a short passage running to the north-east, leads into a long deep passage run-
ning E. S. E. about 30 yards, till stopped by a wall : in the other direction it
passes a recess 11 feet 4 inches by 9 feet 9 inches, and is then lost in the quarry.
This passage is open up to the top of the rock, and, in parts at least, is much
filled up with rubbish.

On the back wall of the recess just mentioned is the Inscription No. 1, cut in
very large characters.

There are many scribblings on the pillars and walls of the other apartments,
but the stone is so rough and worn that without a thorough knowledge of the
alphabet or alphabets ( for there are more than one) it would be almost impossible
to transcribe a single specimen with perfect accuracy. Nos. 2, 3, and 4 may be
taken as specimens. But, so far as my memory serves me, there were inscriptions,
only six years ago, in the old Pali character : Colonel Tod also distinctly states
so. But now they have entirely disappeared, with the chambers in which they

* Ground plan of the whole, and two photographs taken.

THE UPARKOT. 9

were : the forms of the letters alone would have helped us to assign an age to
these works ; but, unless copies are to be found among Dr. Bhau I)4]i's papers,
there is probably no record left of these inscriptions. Let us hope there are,
and that they will be given to the world in time to be of some use !

Returning again to the large corridor, and leaving it by a door in the east
side, we enter the last apartment, more irregular in shape than any of the rest,
and consisting of two open areas divided by a covered passage, and having a
covered corridor round the east and south sides, and at the north end a room
7 feet 5 inches deep by 17 feet long, with two pillars in front. The two areas
with the covered passage measure together about 62 feet by 17.

Opposite to the entrance door another leads out to the foot of a stair, which
aJfecends to the north, turning round to the east and landing within a few feet of
the end of the deep open passage referred to, and over the brink of the quarry on
this side.

A little to the south of this are a few small detached rooms, quite choked up.

The roofs over these chambers are 10, 12 or more feet in thickness; and
along the edges pf the open areas are fragments of pillars and indications of
sockets, &c., showing that, while excavated to give air and light, these areas were
protected by roofs to keep out the glare of the noon-day summer sun and the rains
of the monsoon. There are some traces also of wtat I take to have been channels
to carry off the water. The indications, however, do not tend to show that any
considerable portion of the structure was above the rock, from which to infer
that these retreats were only the substructures of a palace intended for cool-
ness during the heat of the day. A carefully surveyed plan and two photographs
have been taken to illustrate this monument.

Besides the M4i-Gadechi excavations there are other fragments left, well to
the south of these last, and just under the scarp of the Uparkot and also at Nau-
durg^. These also have quite recently suffered from the quarrymen ; but no
doubt mauy others were quarried away in the time of Mahmud Begadha (A.D.
1470 — 1482) when he built the present city and renamed it Musta'fa'bad.

The Uparkot, or fort of Jun%adh, is probably a rich mine of antiquities, j^-
seems to have been the citadel of the old city, ♦ where the lieutenants of tj^^
great As'oka and still later, of the Grupta kings, lived. Of the rise of the Ch^jft/^.
samS, kings of Jun^gadh we as yet know nothing. They held their court here
though they seem to have also lived occasionally at Wamanasthali — the modem
Wanthali or Banthali, where ruled WamaniAja, and later the Gr&haripu,t defeate d
and slain by Mulardja of Pattan in the end of the tenth century (cir. A.D. 979).

mad

♦ Lassen supposes that Janagadh is originally Yavaiiagara " the Grecian city." Mirza Mnham-
Sadik Isfahani, however, is quite correct when he says in his Tahkik al I rah, — " Junahgadh

(spelt with the Indian D), a fortress Gujarat (cL> | ^) in India ; it is also called Kamal (^jlj S^V
the name Junagadeh (»(>j ^^^) signifies *an ancient castle.* " Jirankot has a similar meaning.

t Graharipu is only a title or a nickname ; he is described as an Ahir — a title which would apply
to Naughan V., the foster son of Devat the Ahir.

10 ARCHiEOLOGICAL 8UEVEY.

A local history, written in Persian, of which I hope to print a translation
before very long, states that the Chud4sam& kings, a Chandravansa family, ruled
at Jun&gadh for 2,350 years ; but it begins the list with Dayat RAja in the ninth
century. I give the list of his successors and the dates of their accession (with
only some obvious corrections) for what it is worth ; I have no means of testing
it here : —

Dayat R4ja defeated and slain by the king of Anhillaw&4&*
Sam. 874, Naughan V., his son, conquers Sindh, defeating Hamir Sumarah,

s. 895.
916, Khengar II., killed at Bagasara by the AnhillawA44 R&ja.*
952, MularAja.
987, Naughan VI. reigned 38 years.

99
99

9t

J9
f>

»>

99
19
ft
99
99
99

99
99
?9

>»

• 9

tf

99

1047, Mandalik I. joined Bhima Deva of Gujarat in pursuit of Mahmud

ofGazni, S. 1078.
1095, Hamir Deva, son of Mandalik.
1108, Vijayapaia.
1164, Naughan VII.
1184, Mandalik 11.
1195, Alansingha. •

1209, Ganesa.

1218, Khengdr III. ) or 1218 Naughan VIII., son of Naughan VII.
1224, Naughan VIII. j 1224 Khengar III.
1270, Mandalik TIL, son of KhengAr III.
1 302, Mahipala Deva.
1336, Khengar IV. repaired the temple of Somanith, conquered Diu,

&c. Shams Kh4n took Jun&gadh.
1390, Jayadeva Singh I., son of KhengAr IV.
1402, Mugatsinghf or Makala Sifiha.
1416, Madhupat. t

1421, Mandalik IV. (son of Mahip41a Deva.)
1429, Megal, brother of Mandalik IV.
1441, Jayasingh IL, apparently " the Ray of Jehrend" of Ferishtah

(Briggs's Tran$. Vol. IV., pp. 5, 6), defeated by Muzaffar Khan

of Ckijarat in A.D. 141 1.
1469 (?) IChengilr V., war with Ahmed Shah (Ferishtah, ut sup. pp.

17,20.)
1489, MAndalik V. restored the Uparkot A.D. 1460 ; subdued by Mu-

liammad Uega4ha A.D. 1469-70 (Ferishtah u. s. pp. 52-56).

Tributary to the Gujarat kings : —

A. 1). 1471, BhApat, cousin of Mandalik V,
„ IrtOS, KhengAr VI., son of Bh&pat.

^TUtm) Hwmn Ui bo an anAohronium here. Khengar, the son of Naughan, was killed by Siddha-^
rftjft JayaMinha (1003—1 142 A.D.) i—Rd$ Mdld, Vol. I., p. 156.

t In plaoo of tlioMO two kings the inscription on Gimar gives the names of Makala Sinha, Me*
(agadova, and Mabip&la Of va^ Possibly MandaUk'a brother preceded him.

EXCAVATIONS IN THB UPABKOT. 11

A. D 1525, Naughan IX., son of KhengAr VI.

1560, Sri Singha ; Gujarat subdued by Akbar.
1585, Kheng^r VII. till about 1608.

99

99

Then follows a list of governors or Motassadis on the part of the Dehli empe-
rors — about 30 of them in 106 years — who, the author says, " spent their time
dishonourably like owls in a wilderness and did nothing worthy of record."

Were the Mirat Ahmadi translated, as it ought to be, it would probably
furnish many details of the history of Kathiawa4 from the beginning of the 15th
century.

The Uparkot still contains some wells such as the Adi Chadi and Naughan
wSiVS, cut to a great depth in the soft rock. The Adi-Cha4i w4v is descended by
a long flight of steps, and has also a shaft just over the well. The sides of the
descent show the most remarkable overlappings and changes of lie in the strata —
for which alone it is worth a visit by any one with geological tastes.

The Naughan w4v has a rock-cut passage, at least 10 feet wide, winding
round its ample square area down to the bottom — perhaps 120 feet, with aper-
tures into the shaft. On one side is a balcony, where tradition says the kusumba
draught was brewed in a built cistern, still shown, when the court came down to
hold a drinking bout. This — ^like the ,story of the celestial horse that fell into
the wS.v and only extricated himself at the instigation of a faqlr — is probably
without a shadow of foundation.

About the time I visited Jun&gadh in 1869, some rock-cut apartments were
discovered at the bottom of a descent on the north of the Juma ah Masjid.
They are of considerable interest, for, though much defaced, they manifest a
high style of art. Few bases, for example, could be found anywhere to excel in
beauty of design and richness of carving those of the six pillars in the lower
hall*

Quite close to these excavations on the S.S.W. side the ground sounds
hollow, and there is a line of wall cropping up, exactly similar to those round
the tops of the two openings which led to the discovery of those excavated.

The whole enclosure of the Uparkot is now covered with custard-apple trees,
which are said to yield a rent of Rs. 1,000 a year; but the debris on which they
grow, and which is scattered unevenly in heaps, is suggestive of masses of build-
ings of which these heaps cover the remains, and possibly of rock chambers
below, with much sculpture.

The excavations consist of a deep tank or bath about 1 1 feet square with a
covered verandah round three sides of it : that on the west is occupied with
a built seat — like the asana for an idol, — probably for laying the garments upon
while bathing ; and the pipes for the water come down the wall from the surface,
pass the front of this seat, and enter a small cistern near the entrance at the
south-west corner. The water must have been raised from some well in the
neighbourhood and conveyed to the supply pipe. The small cistern may have
been formed to assist in filtering the water pure into the bath.

Carefully drawn to scale, and restored from a comparison of the six.

12 AECHiEOLOGICAL 8UBVEY.

The corridor on the south side is supported by two columns with spiral ridges
round them, making half a revolution in 4 feet 2 inches of height. They have
octagonal plinth bases and capitals with floral ornamentations — the capitals pro-
bably carved with animal fig^ures. The shafts of two corresponding attached pil-
lars on the north wall are divided into three sections each, having the grooves or
ridges running in opposite spirals.

Over the bath the roof is open, and round the opening a wall has been built
and still stands a foot or so above the ground level.

In the north wall is a large aperture or window into the next chamber.
This apartment is entered from a door in the north-east corner of the bathroom
leading to another in the south-east of this second room, which is a large cham-
ber with six columns supporting the roof : the area between the first four of
these is, like that over the bath, open to the air above, with a surrounding wall
on the surface of the rock. It is also open to a hall below ; and the four columns
at the corners of it have been connected by a thin screen or parapet wall,
about 20 inches high and 6 inches thick, now entirely destroyed. The rest of the
area is occupied by the corridor on three sides, and by the space on the north
where the remaining two pillars stand. In the walls on the north, east, and
west sides are stone-bench recesses divided into long compartments, with a base
in architectural mouldings below, and a frieze above, ornamented with chaitya
window and chequer carvings. The four pillars round the open area are square,
the other two are octagons, and have been carved with animal figures on the
abaci : but the bases and capitals of all six have been so destroyed that it is
impossible to restore them.

In the north-east corner a door leads into a small apartment, which has a
hole in the roof blackened with smoke, and which may have been used as an
occasional cookroom to prepare warm drinks, &c., for those who had been enjoy-
ing the bath. By the side of this apartment a door leads to a stair descending
to the entrance of the hall below.

This lower room had evidently been filled up long before the one above it,
and is consequently in a better state of preservation. It has been elaborately
and very tastefully carved, as will be shoAvn by the photograph. On entering
it, we come on a platform slightly raised and nearly square with two short pillars
on its west side, supporting a frame above descending from the roof. What this
was meant for, is hard to say, unless the depression within was intended to be
filled with cotton or other soft substance to form a dais or a bed.

Except on the west side, the remainder of the walls is surrounded by
a bench recess* divided at regular intervals, as in the apartment above. Over
this recess the frieze is ornamented with chaitya windows having the Buddhist rail
in the lower part of the opening, and two figures looking out of each : f in many
cases two females with something like ' ears * on their head-dresses — too indistinct
to be distinguished what they represent.

* Ground plans and section,
t Sketches made.

THE UPAEKOT. 13

m

The four columns in the south end of this hall are larger than the two in
front of the supposed dais or bed, but the bases of all are alike, and the bodies
of the capitals are similar. The rich bases have been already alluded to, and the
sketch, when published, will give a better idea of them than any description
could.

The abaci are carved with lions couchant at the corners : and in the middle
of each is a figure intended for a lion facing outwards, with a human figure on
each side of it. The body of the capital consists of eight divisions round, indi-
cated by the breaks in the ledge at the bottom, on which the human figures of
the different groups stand. Most of the figures, if not all, are females, apparent-
ly nude, or nearly so, and some standing under foliage. They have been cut with
considerable spirit, and in high — almost entire — relief. Unfortimately many of
them have been serioilsly damaged.* In the two smaller columns the principal
member below the body of the capital is carved with the heads of animals —
mostly goats or rams : on the larger columns the corresponding member is not
so deep, but is a serrated torus.

At the back or west side of this hall are two small rooms ; that on the
south with a single door, the other with three entrances between jambs slightly
advanced, and with a projecting frieze.

On the south wall are some scratchings, at first supposed to be an inscrip-
tion : they are quite illegible, but were probably very much like those in Khen-
g£tr's Mehal, and probably the work of some visitor after the place had become
neglected.

On the north side of this is an irregular excavation, in a comer of which
there seems to be a shaft of a well choked up : but the whole excavation hero is
more like the work of Mahmud Begadha's quarrymen than any portion of the
original work, though it is quite probable that another chamber has been quar-
ried away.

These rooms could have been no part of a monastic establishment, and the
example of the old Mehal just to the north of this, suggests that they may have
been either a sort of garden house belonging to the palace, or possibly the bath
and pleasure house of another palace now interred under the debris that covers
the whole Uparkot.

Nearly opposite the Masjid is a large brass gun 16 feet 11 inches long
2 feet diameter at the breach, and about 19 inches at the muzzle, with a 9-inch
bore. From the muzzle to the touch-hole is 16 feet 3 inches. Over the mouth,
and on the middle of the barrel, are two inscriptions.! With another about
13^ feet long, now on one of the bastions, it was cast in Egypt in A. H. 937, and
brought here from Diu.

The masjid is a very large structure, but outside it looks clumsy and ugly
to a degree, with horse-shoe kilngras all round the walls and four plain solid
tapering granite pillars at the corners. The inside is much better, — the columns

* One of the larger and one of the smaller capitals were drawn.
t Copied.

B 686— c£

14 ARCIIiBOLOGICAL SUEVEY.

iMtiti Mender and lofty, with demi columns above.* The masjid was begun by
Mulitirfirna^i iJoga4a, but was probably never finished. The columns of the three
(/nfiCi|>jil r>ctHgonal areas are of granite, with truncated conical bases and thick
U$ru^*M dividing the shaft into three equal portions, with a 10-inch bracket capi-
V'i\.i TIkjmo four columns in each area rise above the roof, and on those of the
t^fUiSi ociiH(<)U lie wooden beams as if for a temporary roof. The columns in the
oih<jr itrrfttM wore perhaps never all set up.

T\ns miffJjar or pulpit is high, supported on arches with eleven steps up to
lUit piriform. The mehrahs are of white marble and exquisitely carved,J but
Ui%vh UiUily \pii(3n besmeared with whitewash.

Th<j inru^r gat(3 of the fort is a genuine fragment of the old Rajput citadel, §
l/iil it woiild f)0 difficult to say precisely of what age : it is probably older than the
imut ipf Mundalika V., who repaired the fort in A.D. 1450, and it does not seem
'/)/Jif/' iliun \A). 1200, — to about which date it may be assigned.

On i)iit ramparts above is an inscription of Mandalika V., dated Sam vat
I 'f07, but much defaced by the Musalmans.^

Wti fuptmt now to the Buddhist monasteries, which at one time must have
h*''ifi y^ivy numerous. Hiwan Thsang, the Chinese pilgrim of the seventh cen-
i^ii'y, i/i'ifc'J« Um^ following notes of his visit in his journal : — " Leaving the king-
i\niii of Viflfilfid fliwan Thsang went about 500 li (100 miles) to the west, and
nnu'Ut'A iUa ki/ipfdon of Su-la-to (Surdshtra). This realm is nearly 4,000 li (800
ihiU'fi) in rji'iuiit, Tlu5 capital has a circumference of 30 li (6 miles) ; and upon
fl^: yy<frtl/ ttjdn (Uui lumnlrn) touches the river Mo-hi (Mabi). Its inhabitants are
y/ir)' umut'Vnw, ii\u\ all th(5 families are wealthy. The country is subject to the
I- nn(tiinn nf VMlal/liJ» 'i'he soil is impregnated with salt; and its flowers and fruits
mr. h:v*/. Tlioiiprli \iml and cold are equally distributed over the year, storms of
vniiti nMv^r rmitin, Ifidifloreuco and coldness characterise the manners ; the
p/://|J*; hi'ii «M(/<:rl)rlal, and do not care to cultivate learning. Some follow the
\nir d'l'h Inn, Hhd olJinrn arn given to heresy. There are some fifty convents
wIm m. (liny /'//Hnl n\i't\il (Jn'MM tliouHand recluses — who study the doctrines of the
/Jlinn li>t luii'l ^vliii'li liohlh \iy l\n^ (MuMi/dna) greater translation. There are a
Im<m'Ih.'1 l,Mni|/li«rt llh'nulttii(t.rt) (}f the gods; the heretics of different sects live
inU nn\m'i\, A^i 1Jm« roMfilry in on the way to the Western Sea, all the inhabi-
liH/i'* (M'olil hy lliM Mdvanlii.fj(<'rt tlmHoa affords, and devote themselves to trade and

brii li r

•• Al n n\\nvl tUMnwtui from thncil/y rises Mount Ujjanta, | upon the top of
wliM'li M nionar'.l.iTy m prniihlinhnd. The (shambersand galleries have been mostly
IimIIow«»i| ouI )n lln» Tim**' of n Himv\nH\ pnak. The mountain is covered with thick
lui'i'-lis immI MlritiifuM IVoni Npringrt Kurroiind it on all sides. There holy men and
iM/n u vviilli iomI (U iJininilMHli^aiMlUiithor resort crowds of Rishis endowed with

illVllin (Mrilllii'h/'

( )!' Ilin HiMldliihf.convniil.H hn npcMikH of, there are still remains, though four
IimimIi'ikI yiwirrt of MiiNiilrn/ln rlominion an(i strife have obliterated every trace
oC iMiiny nl' IImuii. In tlio omhI. of •Iiin/lgu^h, between the inhabited part and the

* Pill II tiiknii. t Measured and sketched.

j Oiin |ili(ili)Ki*tiplioil. § Photographed.

^1 liiiiiurfiKtt vo\)y Ukuii. |[ Meant Qimar.

THE BAUDDHA CAVES AT JUNAGADH. 15

walls, beside the modem monastery or Math known as B&wA Py&r^'s, are a
number of genuine Buddhist caves. A quarry has been opened behind them,
and if it has not cut away some of them entirely, it has already been wrought
up so close as to go under and into those on the north-west and into one on the
east of the series.

These caves are arranged in three lines : .the first, on the north, faces south-
wards, and consists of one larger cave at the west end, about 28 feet by 16,
having two pillars (perhaps originally three in line) supporting the roof, with
three cells at the back and a chamber at the west end screened off by two plain
square pillars and their corresponding pilasters. East of this are three smaller
caves,* each consisting of a verandah with two square pillars and a cell about
Hi feet by 9^ feet.

The second line runs south from the east end of these last. It has an open
court about 18 yards long, on the west side of which is the principal cave of the
group, apparently a very primitive chaitya, flat-roofed, originally with four pil-
lars supporting it, but they are all gone. The back has a nearly semicircular
apse; and the cave measures 20 feet wide, by fully 26 feet deep, with^a door
nearly 5 feet wide. It is much filled up with earth, which the Darb&r began to
clean out, but did not complete so far as to show whether there had been a solid
Dahgoba inside or. not : I suspect, if there was such an object in it, it must have
been structural.

In front of this apartment is a verandah 39 feet long by 7 feet 10 inches
deep, from which two cells are entered one on each side the principal hall, and
measuring about 7| feet by 9^ feet deep. The verandah has six square pillars,
which have had sinha brackets to the roof projecting about 4 feet 2 inches, the
fa9ade of which is carved with very rude chaitya window omaments.f At each
end of the verandah also is carved in low relief on the waU a winged sinha.

At the north end of the court and at a higher level, approached by steps, is
a cave with verandah 6 feet 10 inches by 19 feet 7 inches, with a door and
two windows, at the back of which are two cells about 9 feet 8 inches square.
Into the back of these cells the quarry has already entered.

On the east side of the court are other cells, entirely choked up on my arri-
val, but which the Darbar obligingly cleaned out partially . Two of them con-
sist of a small verandah with a cell at the back: J the third was not excavated.

In front of these last cells, which enter from the level of the court, was
found, during the excavation, a square stone slab about 2 feet each way and
8 inches thick, with an inscription on one edge of it, in characters closely re-
sembling those of the Rudra Dama inscription. Unfortunately the stone is soft
calcareous sandstone, and many of the letters are indistinct ; the workmen da-
maged one edge of it, but, to add to the misfortune, some one carried it off to the
Darbar, and iq doing so seriously damaged it at one corner. When I went to
photograph it, I had a diflSculty in tracing it ; at length, however, it was found
lying in a verandah in the Circle in front of the palace.§

* This group was photographed.

t The front of this cave and of the next was photographed.

X A careful survey of the group was made, showing the relative position and size of each cave
in the whole group.

§ A photograph taken.

16 ARCH^OLOGICAL SURVEY.

The base of a square pillar was also found in the court, but it was not fully
excavated.

Outside this court, to the south, is a cave with a small sunk court in front.
The cave consists of a verandah and two cells each about 9 feet 8 inches square.
On the doors is some roughly excavated carving, and over one of them is the
s tvastika and other Bauddha symbols.*

Next to this is another with a bench round the small outer court. The
door has a sort of arch traced over it,t and the cell inside, though partially filled
up with earth, is considerably lower in the floor than outside. It is about 14 feet
deep, by 11 feet wide in front, and 13 feet 4 inches at the back.

The third line of caves begins at the back of this and runs W.N.W. The
first consists of a small verandah with a door and two windows, and inside
a cell 9 feet 3 inches by 9 feet 9 inches. The second has a verandah 19 feet
long, by 5 feet 9 inches wide, and a hall 15 feet 5 inches by 17 feet 3 inches,
with a single octagon pillar in the centre, J supporting the roof. The base of it
is too much damaged to allow us to determine its shape, but the capital consisted
of an abacus of three thin members, with the inverted water-jar form under it as
in the oldest caves at Nasik and Junnar.

The remaining three caves are quite plain, consisting of a verandah with
door and two windows separated by square pillars, and two- cells each inside,
except the middle one, which has only one cell.

The rock in which these caves are cut, slopes down considerably to the
south, so that the roofs of the last line are considerably beneath the floors of the
first.

South-west by south from these, in a portion of rock left in the middle of a
quarry, is a cave with two pillars in the front of the verandah : in plan these

pillars are broken squares iTji — so permanent in all Hindu works ; and the

capitals have drooping ears.§

Between the Uparkot and MM Ga^echi is the B4rah Sayyid or tombs of the
twelve Sayyids who fell in the attack on Mandalik, one of the last of the Chud&-
samS; princes — in the time of Mahmud Begadha.

Beside them is the Muqbarah or mausoleum of the late M&iji S&hiba, the
mother of the present Naw&b, who died rather suddenly about three years ago. The
Muqbarah was built some 1 7 or 18 years since under the direction of a Hindu
Sal4t from Nauanagar ; and , notwithstanding the top-heavy ornaments of the
roof, it is one of the finest buildings erected in K&.thiS,w&d during the present
century. Since I saw it six years ago, however, it has received a coat of white
chunam, which has seriously diminished its beauty.^

• Sketched. t Sketched.

t Sketched. § Sketched.

% Ground plan and photographs will illustrate this.

AS'OKA BOCK INSCEIPTION. 17

Some of the Muqb&rahs of late Naw&bs, not far from the Majftri gate, are
similar in style ; but they are too much huddled together, and so inappropriately
situated that they do not attract attention.

The As'oKA Rock Inscription was too important and interesting a monument
to pass by, the more especially as Professor Weber has lately in -the Centralblatt
called attention to it in his Review of Professor Kern's remarkable work, Over
de Jaartelling der Zuidelijke Buddhisten en de Gedenkstukken van Agoka den
Buddhist^ complaining that Government has not ere this secured for the use
of science the most perfect copies attainable of this and the other monuments of
the same age in different parts of India. The blame, however, is not altogether
due to Government, which has made efforts to obtain satisfactory copies of these
oldest of Indian lithic monuments, but never yet with complete success.

The earliest mention of thip inscription by a European is by Colonel Tod,
who saw it in 1822, and remarked the similarity of the characters upon it to
those on the Dehli Lat and the Buddhist caves ; but his Travels in Western
India were not published till 1839, and it was the Rev. Dr. J. Wilson of Bom-
bay who first obtained a transcript of it, a copy of which he forwarded to Mr.
James Prinsep of Calcutta early in 1837. And by a fortunate coincidence Lieut.
Kittoe discovered the inscription at Dhauli in Katak which proved to be nearly
identical with this at Jun4gadh, but with the omission of the last three para-
graphs. Others, as is well known, have since been discovered at Kapurdigiri on
the borders of Kabul, at Ganjam in the Madras Sarkars, &c. And from their
differences as well as similarities it is exceedingly desirable that perfect copies of
all should be submitted to savans for examination and comparison. Captain
Postans was sent by the Government of India to copy this inscription ; what
became of his copies I do not know. * Professor Westergaard of Copenhagen and
Captain (now General Sir G.) LeGrand Jacob in 1843 made a very careful eye
copy, which was used by Professor H. H. Wilson in his revision of Prinsep's
translation ; but there were still doubtful letters, though none of the other
inscriptions have hitherto been so satisfactorily copied. These remaining doubts
I hope my estampages will settle. The name of Antigonos is still thus far doubt-
ful, — Ant. kona is plain enough, but whether it was originally Aiitakona^ or
whether there was a vowel sign attached to the head of the ia, must remain
uncertain : there is a small chip out of the stone, and the letter might have been
originally ti or even td^ but no other form is possible.

The fourteen edicts into which the inscription is divided, cover considerably
over 100 square feet of rock, and as they are inscribed on the uneven surface of
a huge rounded and somewhat conical granite boulder, the taking of facsimiles
was a work of considerable time and difficulty; and as I had no trained hand, I
had to do it myself with the aid of my assistant, who, however, soon became
quite expert in the manipulatory process. We wrought steadily from 8 to 9
hours a day at it, and after the first trials, which were disappointing,
owinor to some of the paper containing size or other adhesive substance, I
tried using a thicker and firmer paper brought from Ahmedabad for the fir.st
layer, and the thinner, softer, paper from Junnar for the second, and, as far as
my stock of it would allow, for a third layer. This wrought very well. Un-
fortunately the paper ordered by me at the India Office had not come to band at

3 686—6

18 AECH^OLOGICAL SURVEY.

Bombay, and I could not get a further supply similar to the Junnar sort at
JuTiagarh. This prevented my taking some of the edicts in duplicate, and for
some I could only use two layers of paper.

The Rudra Dilma inscription had also to be done with only two layers, and
I had not sufficient left for the Skanda Gupta inscription ; for the latter I had to
use a paper not very suitable for such work, and the inscription being in small
characters, and so very indistinct, the impression was unsatisfactory ; and having
left it on the stone to dry, as I had done several of the As'oka edicts previously,
when I went to take it off I found it had been carried away. An excellent
copy of As'oka ninth edict was also stolen : by whom I could not guess. The
Skanda Gupta inscription covers about 55 feet of rough surface on the rock,
and could only be taken in good 'estampages* by doing it in small sections at a
time, with the most suitable paper for such a purpose, and afterwards piecing
them together.

10th Jannanj 1875. — ^Visited GirnS,r. At 1,750 feet above Jun%adh, and
some way above where the steps begin-r-on the rock, on the left hand going up
is the inscription (No. 6) : —

«

This records the building or repair of the steps by a Sanvgi in a.d. 1626.
But 250 feet above this is another inscription (No. 7) on a rough surface of the
roclc ; it is : —

There arc also otliers more or less illegible at different places on the way up, such

a.s No. 8 : —

^\\V\

OIBNAB INSOBIFTIONS. 19

No. 9.

>o

No. 10, — At another place^

At the entrance gate to the Jaina temples is a long inscription of Mandalika,
which was first copied by Captain (now Sir Geo.) LeGrand Jacob : the following
is a fresh copy: —

No. 11. — On the Gate at Girnar.

r^^-jr^r: ^^nr^f%iT5t(rTP9r3T^^^t«nT^ti%^f^r5Tn?rt

^I^'tJIMr?*?!*;) u| idTlt^^^ II
II TTfT'iiftaTfW^T^ II I 11 »rf lvJ^4dl^R<N tTT%qtft^ fl^»4*4*<un«yri|JTi5!«lTSTt II

^nf5|wr 41(^dHfllJjOiyHi4i^*if^Hi|*Jd<J
II frftrw: ^nr^ n ^ ii «Rr^ ii »iMidlqlM«<ddrA4l'«hH^<*<<^w? : ii ^^«ffT^3f?rTcq

?T^n^TW^:|| 5[TV^NI^^ftTV:i^Kl5^: ^

n TTfT I nftr^HMMl^lRil^^di'sJ^lH'J : II < II *lHIMI^M*lc4<l4d^<ilflra<THdW<<l«frwrat

% <H<Jdm^Af'i l cLmf^l'll I ^tfcHil«lft«ir«id|: ft>i**<fH*^y<''*^^'<'

^V ' ^<i^ T ^P i dd*[iTAii<4? T?;ii <jm4hIXmkm^^m i R4

*Tr#lCt:|l ^l^jUftni^ l ^l^iid^gBMJi^g^J i a f^ift'fl^^tAlcll^^fal^ll^^t

*<M^dRin<<il4l^><^H'i :ll ^ II sR^FT^^TJ^W^lTgf

*itfnf»^: 5iR?rfr?nfrTir^: <j^m*i«

20 ABCHiBOLOaiCAL BTTSVET.

II gT^5^ II ^*JIW<4M?HJIMH<<H II «ylM*<lt»«lmmMI«Kt^ II n II W^TRTPTTftj-

®T5ni55Mr^ nun ?rcm<i7<i<Jt<i:j*T

lcrapff^' M ^ -«4 >v II ^\ II II nt %ntH«i>H«f'f

On a stone on the face of the hill, behind VastupS,la TejapAla's temple, is the
following, No. 12, which I believe to have been hitherto unnoticed : —

GIENAE INSCBIPTIONS. 21

Inside Vastupala's temple are two inscriptions of a single line each. The first
(No. 13), on a lintel on the left side of the first dome in the central temple, is —

i a

and the other (No. 14) on the right side (Inscription) —

On an image in Vastupdla's is the following : —

No. 15.

Over each of the six doors that originally opened into this curious temple
are inscriptions beautifully cut in slate, but unfortunately where the rain has got
access to them through the roofs of the porches they are much damaged, and in
some places entirely obliterated .

No. 16. — Vastltala Tejapala's Temple over West Door.

II - ^-.^trfaPT II ^^r%fJTr%^:^PTFT^?r:wir*i*dHift'JdNM^^

J5 686—/

22 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

<n'^inT'^sft»rr5r«rr':^ '5iT^?5j^r^RTr#»Tt 'sfl^F^'^^fiWTff

^n^i Pi^l -R I uf I ^ PTRT^^TtrTT :||cf ^ff^'^^ ^sft^^^qi^Tf? JE^'f^fr^ 'ift5it*f^Tr?r

II ^•»^i^fjV'a?5TimTr5^JTfn^'5fti%gf^?Jcn^f%^'5ft5itf^

rr'^?rf7»Ti^^5r:«JT?TT:';ft?rtrcnTrf r^«i^^KMi^K :^ftrT : il ^ il

»/rTHfrTf'7^«t?rqipr^:^2ff^;^rq>if|u^i'ciMHH"iURfrTf^^ ^rqf^^irf^t

^: 5Trdk'r^rf^ari5T^Rsjq»5^l'rf«r#T^??r3T55?-: 'sft^^Ej^r^:

II Tj^'.W^ iKr?r:7Rf%'Tfr^«T?r?i'T^r^^f^iw^?Tr^^i%cT%:nT%Tf^f^<44<^^^

II iitTf^'s^'iT'TR" II « II '^'5^ffl(^"Tr55^^^n%^c^c^^r^l^^(^«l^^f^%^*l^TR7^5qFfr:t

f'f frr?'''^ ^^'J^^)^^^^^^{^^m_^ II 5TrWjT«T?T?^jT?ttTfir?rc5^iT^^ ii^ii

GIRNAR INSCRUTIONS. 23

iTr^'s^t^rRT?^:^^: il|;ii^;g^wcT^^^^^Tt^^»T?Tril t^fTRfli^'rojcBRr'nfipTcJf-
?r: IRII '5fRtr%3T7T^*rtt^Rr«nTw?-cr: ii ^Mi^i'M^wR5ST5Tr%:?^5Trf^5fr ii^ii

No. 17. — Vastupala Tejapai..\.'s Temple over a back door.

II — — — — ^r:^ — — — rT?'rf^trTi'jff5-f'^^^"''T^

II ( IT^TR^'^P' ) Hi.\{\<!i 55M?:'^«l'!4'iHl|lfrr[int]T'5n[r3^^0T'Q I ^||<«t riTfrl H-H iM^^niT*fr

II ( q: 'jre>?iTTfr ) cfhri^^fnTT^Tqror?': ^rr: ii ^ ii %?t: f^f^s^r^

24i ARCH.iOOLOGICAL SURVEY.

II — — {^) — — T^'Tlt^oefcfifgiii^iTqT II ^^ II lti%g^l%>TTTc^:?f c^Jlj l Om | -

^•. II ^3TT'^^RTTR5TT^:5Tr*frfqJT»ff^nJTr II ^ II ?rN: ?5^m?rf3Tgr«nT5!: ^^5f r'^

f^-4s^fcT^ir;m:^tl^r^^f5TT ii5j[:^^?::T?^^5%cr5fisT^^i'^HWc*H!Tfcrira-
II — — — ^^mc^n*)^ 118 II 3TFTRrT:?n^^^ti%^Rfrr%?rFr^% m<4> i c?<^.jM
f5Tfvrf^rftHg^'sft^'Tr55:q^ II \ II ^^5wCr^v^55f?in-%qw< I ^ wg??^^

II — — '5ft^5TTR5^r%^5"y Id H 'I a^TRffm^^^^ftf^iPTR iKll f^^TI^J^Mtf^

jrfSJtTf^H^N^ftr^^cf II fc=II^M*<^fR<:tf»«7mRM^pg% II va || <?-"^'i?RT^Wlft'5fr^
%f tf'irf II I^J^JTf^mCr^mj'TRT^^Tf 5T^3IT¥rT^: II 3n% I

II [ 3Tlf^T'^Tt^r^TW5it ] vijfrq^^T^TWllfe: II C II ^Jt^g^T^'^iRftl^'V^JT^^t-
OT II ^^^^'irfcr%^f^5^fTT#^4 1KB \o\\ JT?:|TTrcTT«5T?

II JTrfRrc^MK^qT^siTFJ-'rirf o ^sft^i^+Nivi^wMr^er II ^ II

No. 18. — On Vastdpala Tejapala's Temple.

II ^^ ^h\ ^ Rd c h<:*<y ^i?cTR:'af ^^?^TgT^$-qf i^4 > I ^ i ^i m \^^%TW!^f^J^^t^:^m'^^^^m^<^
*iK i vHtir&fld^j;^<irvir^^qrgRT??»!!rr?^r^3Tf»r<Tg'!ft

25

II asT : TT?^icis<i^i*>riTl'Ji^<J^Pi'ilHrv^3Trc»/ly'i^silMj|l4ii!i^lfe^ifl«Hpitigt?i4yiiH

^cTK?Rfl^anctfiT?inTI^>TnT'RT«JirF^i J| I dT^J 5° ^^'T^>^: ^^

It TT^TiTO^rm^c='Jifll<^'+>i<jr:!p^ri>35^'^HiJl<M^>TiR'^^t5r^i'^«diH^?f'sr'iff4iiftl
"5nt5i=3%3iT4T^fti«'iT5ft'»CTfrTiS'rflff^K«f^'7S^

I ifhif'idi<ft<.<(i!WPT!ireR-:5iite: II !ii«KJ'i'Mi'i''m"iPnir:MMirfS'**5 : waft«!ft^ :

■sft^ii^^jfl: II \ II «i1sid-M«gii<5^f<!KrrftM^*tn?repi(<^ra

II «dt7r>fftfilT^Ti?<Hnirf^ II =rrf!THi:f*jnr"iis:!r"TOftiFifi^r;%T7?sr*fi3h?>i=f9%i

■R^'ST'isT'jaftf II =( II «ftiis^^s=!fiTO=rr'mi3i5!rffTr^iwfijiftijffs^r>rsR!i'i II
i5nreRi5"CTr#^>nWsr4T^:f?g5ffta3T'Tta5isr:Hiiiq ii \ ii 3^R:ijrm

II cf%T^'5=Tt^*T^ii?i>R5Fi:*tfrsf%f*r'ti'5J?9![Hi%ii II Hji^ff'fifrif^rswiija^TSTfS
II ^mwH*d<i^ffTr5'i?^i?r#<Tf5^ II \ II %f^6ii!nifi^ida^-i'i«!jiiirfd<iniri<iiiaT:ii

t#5^4ftfl?SI<lMi&JSfRfiriH^>JRlt II < II tltiWrriTOn^W^fl^WsWB

. II frr II « II 3nMr-*Tnff:BrmTsfrtwffrSfij'=FTS'ijti5f^rrpT<ra=rw:«t!tratm:;m: II
irrai: ^d'*<>d-i ifa!tf:^T«nTrt!nTWfa;iTy|^feS^?:r^'iTi°JH »s; ii rf c-ift ii c ii i^

II 3ift II traR:?TW«iiT?n>7X'W'*^^'''rf«rffTwtsinPiRrefS=r>*i^3Tfi!^^ II ^ II *
itegTgf ! i dd*fl i "^flM^i ft:¥ift>=T^fl'^N5^<<iirllt'rl'iTt;ipr^^rPn#'n^:' if N«j^wit
i^Kf;i^sf:iRrf^ IM" II fl^5?kiffcrtt#is^f^TO^5^f;^-i*tfS:

II w^q^i^iftf^i^warrRliim: II U n «rft^'*<W'*>i:»^?TiTff53%iT^;»i?tTtt: II ^rftepr

■iiHsiHwraOT^rs^tWifii^Tswra: II ^^ II ftf^itpiHtniHiri^TJ

II ir:wfjsw^4: II ?f!tfj?>jn"!qruri^>-j-:w%^ II ? 8 ii !r!fij|q!trh!!RTv;Tr!raf:?=r:«

^PsTT II «[frairai'i Hdi«triSfff557ifrPi!a"r ii U ii '^*T?;5^'i*^i?rft

II Too «flw4'<frCTPt II if^rftn^HcfsT^jaTiT^stfiRTiTTrr^: II 3ff*5i<n%TTffrr!rw:
snTSfr^-J^f^TTtrfftc: II \ II ?ft>f¥<T=i5"~RtfiTf'?r'tiTHmS^ift5»i II ijfWRrftfM
<*i^i55-ifr5i?^ II > II Ti?r"frfir'fl?i5qT5!?!Tti5ii'?ffrT*i^'r=ir il spJiTfj iKo^ ii

II '!fl^^f^5TrrTg^RT^H«i'id:ll <lf^'Ji^i-'l<|MJIfdM*ll'^df^r^5Tr^] II '^rCTiTrrir'SIHfjqr
amuVqco ■aWij^rfwSp-jT^?' II *»iii"i'i*5 ii

26 ARCHJBOLOGIGAL SURVEY.

No. 19. — Inscbiption on thb Temple op Vastupaia Twapala — over the

NORTH BNTBAMCB.

H»difaw: II %?:^?gy^: MMf^iRgirai^iaH<ftdl<rwM^$ l <!»4 i n!&*««i<nP | J^|U|<<;|

c>5ft^: m<!*iii*i'*iHl*«^i*<it ? ^?«i^m<!»wic*<j|
5i«iT^d(imf^<<^H-5i«4«w«b'*'<*iw*M*i*i^*

«*MIMKI'lf<<l!i"«idl*l«o »5fi^:m^r4J5f|-

II < T KHtf*l^|ftcfi^^*<^:^t|*^^^w>^'^«h ! i<HdK>M ? ^l^H l «^^«^^«j4 ! i<Hd l <'^^^^m?<^^HAl^<f
5>)5'i^riiHi<i^mc»*d$«(^i^«hN«j8*<i<Mrf^in%

II ^f i ^d l H^ ffo JSfl^H^f^ 3"o »5ft 'ijlAIKI'»1<j^raild<Jd1<"N<4^^niHm^^^fc*fl< | i | j<ii l if

^if«icl'ift%ftTi«<^mr^$'if^^1^d'5ft»r^53?qd«<ftid1^3rr

«<T«<dKMv<nM i ^i^ :^f>rft<r; ii ^ II wR d '^<<<!ft *l' iMt ^fi!cnt^ m^<j^i^<j<rK^§fi^^Aii^
fr:f^*l(ii«i'^l*d$dl rqsn": II \^t i Mnn^m^^ f^ «<<M|T|4»R

II «tfiRrr; «ftfci«*>M't<Ji!i ^: ^di^< j ' <% ^i^»<?*< i w f ^ II ? il ^t^; «hd«hHj^<j|'cl^$ : ^<(<^K n^

^:?t5n^:^«i*«jfi|«m^'^<<<<Nnh"t II ^ II •^l««^M^dift<l^'ftI^:

QiRNAR mscBipnoKS. 27

>ff=tftH'i*'i*<ftt(Mi5id(-jd II ^ II •(i(tn'i(tiHr5!w5i'ri*«itorr|-cf II <i«4HHi'5'sii
aTlfir'^i'ITtj"^ II 8 II 5aT(iJ!i;(S5^^ii^«i^'i: %q'tTf Hl,?M^ ' iw

'i*4ft<S'<Jii='nrwit<iti1 II \ 11 3ti<Hiw)'("trf-wifFrtTrft-w!ITr!rr'5=i:w)*4rifi(fci5PTi

a?*ldl'il^l'J*J-*lf*-H; II g3^?»IK'Jm''«^ra"rf^n'ld*J<(^HHH(rf55r5^

II «i<iS'Sw«M+«<<«'"5iT'i(5tow: II ? II ft'^iJ^i^<<'J*<iiV-d^.MCJi-i=fif5ft^rflt5^
T^'^^T^Ttffif^i^H^fnT^ II »?^JHAid''si^HrHii^»?'T«jH^ffiTff;?f^rTiij|^irfi+3rrT
sfrfl-iJjmrttjT II » II 3iiif%f'rera!is'5!5=?ff3rTtTRTi^:WBTt

^'^^^«tHcT:^H'llc*vi^|iS:^Hj'Jl4lW4(1|'^ITftI
II *l>"HIIHM'IWl«3i(lflt<llfi§r!r^^fSTri*H(rld*l(4'tri'^=T II S. II iiffW'\(«*4mrtlJSI

5OT>iftyi«idtdi«n'Jr<;rf«4l>i5-ift;=fnjfftw: m = IM. '

II c^^WdiiiH<^di|*4Md''JW'iii?!y';iwJt'ii^;qt'7^^:M'Jn'i|y4iTd:^^fTiTflK II ijil'^iv^^j
+fnt'jt4«iij<«i8(«'iR'%Trt(!i'ji-4Httrs««rf<jKd<ii-fiHmi<W5i%: ii u II wsii5.

S?TTr=H(Mdfl'l'^'m^^fl3t^ST:qi^fT^m^A^I^MIdWr5

II *i-»iN</t II ^■|r!^-;^li4>(ill^=ttf^dR4Jl^^l^'y|l^47^^^^l*<J^R*'i4l^d?^r^T:?RI:>^^ip^^^d

II U II aJm%;W«l4rfW4«SIIOJW«MH-l'l*>l<<'l'l4li|<J(0<l«raRr?lidrd'fl«dll
*ftC:5I^ S<l*H**l^lri<^'^l44t<TlRrdAiMTsld+4l'(lfKfT<I'rrtl^PT

II "fSlftTi: II U II <!%T?!iJlft#TO^'^i II sfurfff^^nuoflHI^sldid: II qsiRd'ildll
p!!i!pt3fft5s!|fi-fl: II \ II titfe7iT^'WiTrif|-'<^^ni4^^ir II f j^'wrftg^iirr*
"I'ilit'ild?^ II ^ II ?ft^'ji^^:!iafeift^l%»I5rr II smantr'ifr: II 3 II

No. 20 — Vastdpala Tejapala's Temple — south door.

n ^m^aiii II ^5iiRr sT^n^jTiTRiwiorr

II pfttT "sfr ftwT ma, <'(f<r # i^'n ijfJr ^<> ^^ ■sft ns'sirsjsjf^r l

II »<T5"I!n'^t3r=^1!I?<T H''^ -j<Mli»l»( J» * -=(■<! l|«l4ilH 5« ■JlHIId'Jd 5-» *ai5n

28 ARCHJIOLOGICAL SURVEY.

II ^\!T xftTtnT^T'ITP^'^ 'sft^IRTrqf^TTTTJ^ *<tH|c<J^«<^m^H tm ^T^^r^f

II tghrr M<»n^^!i:< i fe^ i ^ t<HlNdg ^<i>iid'i«hW> "sft 3T^nre'i^rff«fjT^3T%^f*i%;rTT-

II ^fS^^TT^iT^JTIRWr 'Sfhr^tt'^'^l'^j^"^''^ ^llfdtll^fti'^ '!ft ^ | J|< t tiK

^!nf^5r^cfr«f^?T55^<nrf5^^:?nreTT: ^sit ii'5)d*i^icrt*fi«<dHMi*ii<i: ^irit^r: ii » ii
11 f ^"^HrT^n^^-j^rf ??'Jr: «-i^R(T?'ff'TfimR5=Tf?fTr55: ii >^ ;inTrpfcf%to<Tntt'wn-

5»«r: T^CltJTaTffrT^tJT: || ? || f ^dl1^^*<l^<lll'^<^<Mdli>Tl|^dl"ll^^4> : 11 ^:Wf-
^ft^: ^>5cftf^5r»m^^Tt II ^ II 9Wf :f^*<VM^i^m?i^d rfRJT 11 TR^r-

II e^c^<^t>4*dt«^ IM II * w I ni ^>^T?frr%l^ iprf?'?5^ I) ^renpR^Tr^sRnRqr'ref-
s:«M- II 8 II ^:?^^ft^m;»w^fin*i%^^g:q^^w»nr^in^^ ?rf%-

ii yrfl<i^*«fl<:gpr5^il «i II ^NPT^^n^tr^rgg^M^TR'^TRPg^^ id H «t»q h ^m i g :^ Ii

II it II ^IH l dHj<i|H I M*Tt /l«d«^ll^*ilcFTr '»^4<rJ | ^ " T T|^^

II V9 ii ^>^7<i<<N^t>H*<»i4ifi4^ Tg^pmflt^'^>p^i mj|i^?^d^j | <'^ ^t^ttt^^ il

GIENAB INSCEIPTIONS. 29

It ^ II gtf^dl^'tiH I Hm> T Pl"n4t^m<!tW II aiWI*<7il<W'i<4WH<3M«i</dRrfIT?T: ||\o||

5^:5«ft: II \ II «<i^^wd;[^'itl'^fc|R«'ikn*)di II '?^rf»nTRit'Ri5?#ifrinrc^cr: ii 'I II
^ f^ l^^^ l «j*^j<<^l^l^^^^l<^d : «^<4^|t^lH^^^ l ^HAlft c^:^f^»llR^^ 11 ^h^ II

No. 21. — Vastupala Tejapala's Temple — note side.

II >3J^inT: *J]t<^jli<j II ti*ld i niftK:PhOA*<"N:<^U*«ii»fc l Mt?1riif^d«^^<< :i ^H;i<m«t> i <dK

f^TOl I aTmwf^d«'l'^<4lI^f^'!4«*Hly<HI*<i:*«^l"ir^^:^:RI^^«4«l^4Mr:|| \

^SfT I

^ *1?mf^^«<M«l<lWlftdiiyi(6jM5H-4l<^4*J^^MW<!»q'*IAI^**<ld'W*15ni«ilf^<l«l

II 3r^ ^*^Mi^H tnrr «J^^'iy'4W^<^«<^!***i|Ji<jHJ<^^JiftMim<i:i«^re'^Rnif 'sft ^:

^ vH^**M^<fl»i^^d«<l »<-^^*lWWI^Hp^«h?fe^Dfi|'mv T ^^HlT'dMtl^41"lt I

II 5RT<M*iRdi: II ?nTr '5ff ^iiKmfdMM ! i^^i? ^'<^'! tf'<t;^m<^d ^^^if^ft^r: ^rs

STTcft^oMNfP^TJs^: ^ig^^cTPTTCo 'sfiw T^ d l^ ^<J I WM 1 3Trc«Fr:yqTfiTf5^

*MmiirfK4«(M*iitd«i

tsrmsiTjsrj i

'Sfl^-

rf^r^^

T^'^T^lt I
B 686— /(

30 ARCH^OLOGICAL SURVEY.

m^: ^jTi^: II II ^ II ^ II ^ II s II ^HirdMi:iM«itjft«<'<d''ff0y*i*'4
II PrfiT II \ II ^tmhrft: qt4H^!4'M<i3L^itil<iyd^rt^5«i*ii««jlfN'H^i^:>4fi«i*i«n^<i^ II

(i^^ilHWrddl^ANAd^l '5ftH*<iMI^*"ti<'«?^ftd#*li|«TftddHd^f^^<i<«'>f|t?r: II ^ ||
11 ^3^^: ^W^«T«i: ^^^PT ^<I-Hd^<«i : 4> l 4t<m*<f^rd : II ^ II ^Rwim?r?rf fcRlf«T^:ffc?n?^-

vrRr>T^5?iiTcm^q?i!5irt^T5T^ ni«hti^Ai|*i*iMH:*i^Vi*<*lM«yH*i<i<nil4Wiiw<:frren"
<i^m^'i 'M n<c<<md : »<'»fi<Mifi<^^ ii 8 II m- ^fsn^Tpnrr^T^^ "sftins^^tq^PnTflcTrT ii

II O l fe«<l<.dd*ii qm: ?rdatM<i t «|g4|M ^<;iHH^^ti*< ?gin^ H4<j>tiif^^f^ f ;r<Nia'<M^'^;«l<j : ti-

^^mi.M II S II ^:dw^^i<t«+f^di ^:^?Hs':fRft- tf^^Tlf^nrM^: «5ft«R5qr

5511^: jiMi4l<»^4il<i\H*«diti i Oi^i*^'*<^i ; ifI*l*DR^^k*<« »nt»rrefW5T^ i

II fR-lt II ^ II ?^*^ff^^*N<*'f^M<l^: M (c l Mkl f^ 4*<^^ g > ;f^gf^: ^1^c^^ > »4<HH -:||

tWIM'<JWMKWd<«<«dHIH*lllU«J«Jt*n<!^5Tr qi5!^rfl^<«i*ird«l^*lt : '^[il^f^r^lt II

II ^j^^JT^ft^ II ?cPT?ff«J'<*Nt<(«i'^^N'^H<n: II Jr5n^%PT/^5^tr?rR(Cp.'5^: 11 ^n
^r?5 w d ^'JiH y ^n^t'T^tiraT '^5*ii<l^\Htt^c*>ilM<J^: II 'rfi^rJ^'i^^i^Ni
^M^iAd ;?^?i ^M<Jt^i^ ?^rftcr: wftd^iri^j'?! 11 'sfhr^Mi^Hqt:iRrfttiWiirsTSTr 11
^?wf II ^ II

Of the inscriptions .in Nemin^tha's temple I secured copies of all except
one, which has suffered very much from the exfoliation of the granite.

No. 22. — On a Pillar in Neminatha.

50 H* ^o^o II tm^ \\\\ ^ t^in^^f^ < g^'srf^ri^sTiTcr *^l^l^'!f$^ —

• tl^Mi d d«ll '*>m\ ?il^U«li tt.

GIBNAB INSCRIPTIONS. 31

No. 23 — On Pillar in Nemindtha.

No. 24. — In the north mtrance left side to the Court of Nemindtha* 8 Temple.

) «<*lft«<'<i^lI^>»HdlP«ld :
No..25."

II vH^Rw-><l*l*Uf^Wl

wni^»T# I ^ II

No. 26. — In the north entrance to the Court of Nemindtha* s Temple.

% ^4i<<rd<d<l^ II ^'tr aJf^«hl'^f^i^'^«(«fef^<t>Nr'1 ' ^mf^d ni
No. 27. — On a Stone in the Court of Nemindtha* 8 Temple at Girnar.

• ^Kl ^<|«5 et <a'4«t1 >»l fei'^Ml «1'*MIW 'l»ll «/iajlM${'

32 ABCHiEOLOOICAL STJBVET.

r' i '<l"IHJ l *<R|<gi?<4c|^>iJ)*<^ljc^«lH^<ll

*ii!iWi'ii^4l^uii^i'y«JiHH<M o ^^rRif m

No. 28. — On a Pdliya in Nemindtha's Court.

^nr^Rf II II

No. 29. — Outside the gate of Nemindtha's Temple.
No. 30. — -4f another place.

OISyAB INSCRIPTIONS. 33

No. 81.<— Near the gate of Nemindtha's Temple on the rock.

On the image in Euind.rap4Ia's temple is the following inscription (No. 32): —

II ^ \<'<'\ ^ ^ ^«8^ ^

No. 33. — At Hathipaglan.

*<i<!»siid1<<M I Rra^ft

No. 34. — At Bhavandtha.

sTPTlTnirrst

No. 35, — On a Stone in the Uparkot — Noto in the Darbar.

V

WIT

■ 686— t

34 AECtt«)OLOGICAL SUEVET.

22nd January. — At Dandusar, 8 miles west of Jun&gadli, is an old well with
an inscription, but it was partially under water, and beyond my reach to copy.

23rd January. — Dhank is about 30 miles W.N.W. from Junfl^gadh, and is
the old Tilatila Pattan or Mungipattan, a place formerly of considerable extent,
though but httle remains of the ancient city but dust and debris. To the
west of the present town is a rocky hill with a small temple a-top ; this hiU is cover-
ed with the ruins of an old fort. One of the old w&vs is called the W&v of
Manjus'rl (a name familar to the northern Buddhists) or Manjesarl — ^for the vil-
lagers pronounce the word in more ways than one. In one of the gokhles, or
niches, is an old loose image, so like a Buddhist figure of a Naga-protected wor-
shipper as to suggest this as its origin. The Chaitya window ornament over the
niches, and the lintel of the doorway into the enclosure where this well is — and
which is the sifihasana of a Buddha, with lions at the ends, two folds of the
cloth depending in front, and the wheel set edgewise in the centre, — both indicate-
that Buddhism must have prevailed here. The old temple of Manjes'ari or
Manjus'ri was pulled down some time ago, and a linga shrine now stands on it»
base.

The chambers that remain in the old fort are associated in local tradition
with this Manjus'rl.

In a small ravine to the west of the hill are some Buddhist caves. The
sides of this ravine, of the same soft calcareous sandstone as at Jundgadh, have
been quarried or cut out : the bottom is now filled up with soil. The first cave
faces N.W., and is entered by a door scarcely 4 feet high, inside which there
is a descent of about 2 feet to the floor. The cell measures 7 feet 9 inches
deep by 8 feet 4 inches long, with a small niche about 22 inches square in each
end. At the back, on each side of the shrine door, and now much decayed, has
been the figure of a Buddha in the usual attitude, with the soles of the feet
turned up and his hands over them. Over his head is the triple chattri^ a chauri-
bearer at each side, and small flying figures above. The sill of the shrine dbor
is about 20 inches from the floor, and the door about 3 feet high by 2^ feet wide.
The shrine is only a large niche about 2 feet deep, with a Buddha squatted on
a sifihasna at the back of it : on the siflhasanaj the lions, drapery, and central
wheel are all distinctly traceable ; at each side stands a chaurUheaxer with a
high mukuta much rotted away.

A little to the north of this, up the ravine, the face of the wall has been
sculptured with a number of figurq3 in low relief, and without much evidence of
art. Ther largest figure is only about 30 inches high, including the snake hood
over his head. They are : —

1. A woman with a child on her left knee, her right elbow resting on
her right knee, and the hand pointing up. She has heavy earrings, and apparently
a frontal ornament in the parting of her hair, which is wavy and clustering.

2. Close to her is a standing figure exactly like a ParsVan&tha in the-
IVth Badaml Cave ( figured in my Report for last season,) standing on a triple
pillow, with a snake rising behind him, and its seven hoods ]ust over his head.

DHANK. 35

There are five bends of the snake on each side. He has elongated ears, and
short curly hair, and is about 27 inches high.

3. At his right hand is a small sitting figure about 8 inches high.
•4. Buddha with a broad face, poorly cut, on a seMasavwi or lion-throne,
having the wheel and deer or antelopes in the centre, folds of the drapery of
the seat hanging down, and lions at the ends. His hair is represented, as
usual, with a knob or tuft on the crown:— or, perhaps, this is meant to represent
the staff of the triple umbrella over his head. Standing on the ends of the
throne are the usual cAaari-bearers.

5. A standing Buddha 26 inches high, with elongated ears, and what look
like ringlets over each shoulder, as in the figure of a Jina in Cave IV. at
Badstml, and repeated in Cave I. at AihoUi, with long arms as at Cave XIX. at
AjantS,, and two cfeawn-bearers 10 to 12 inches high, — one apparently with the
head of an animal, but they are so decayed that it is doubtful to say with cer-
tainty what it IS. Below the one on Buddha's right is a compartment 16 inches
high by 12 inches wide, out of which the figure has been entirely obliterated.

6. A squatting Buddha, 18 inches high, on a pillow placed upon the si/iha-
Sana, with bearers as in No. 4.

. 7. A similar figure, but the seat is worn away.

8. Another, of which the head is gone. The throne is higher; and over
this figure and the last, the triple umbrella is rudely carved, with something
like foliage at each side over the cAai^^'e-bearers, who are 15 inches high with
disproportionately big heads.

9. A third similar to the last two : the chattris are better represented and
pendant foliage or tassels hang over the head of the cfcaim-bearers. The asana
has three lions in front, as at B&dami and AihoUi, and the wheel is carved on the
rock below the central one. At the four corners of this sculpture are holes in
the rock as if to fasten on some screen or covering : — the same thing was remarked
of a similar Bauddha figure in one of the caves of the Manmodi Hill at Junnar.

10. A deep recess in which there has been sculpture, but it has entirely
disappeared, except a small flying figure at one corner.

These figures seem pretty well to have exhausted the pantheon of the
Mungi Pattan Buddhists, for we find but few traces of sculpture elsewhere. I
arrived at Dhank on Saturday morning at 2 a.m., and left at 4 a.m. on Tues-
day, 26th January, and during that short interval my draftsman was not over-
industrious, so that no sketches were taken from these sculptures.

At the north side of the recess the rock is cut away for some distance
back, leaving a sort of court open to the ravine on the W.N.W. side. There is
a considerable accumulation of rubbish in it, so that the floors of the cells entered
from it are all under the outside level. At the south end is the upper part
of a door, through which, with considerable difficulty, one can squeeze himself,
feet foremost, into a cell, in which it is said there was a sort of well of consider-
able depth, if not a cave below it, but the whole was filled up a few years ago by
the political officers to keep the outlaws from making a den of it.

On the east wall of the court are two horizontal grooves : the upper and
smaller one running along the north and south ends also : the lower, at least,
has been for the bearings of a roof which doubtless originally covered this court;
and the squared stones lying about, may be those of the front wall of it .

$f9 ABOH^OLOOICAL SUBVET.

In th^ i5iiHt Hide in a recess from which the image has entirely disappeared;
hit ovor t}ui front of it is left the triple chattri and remains of flying figures —
liiid/lhiMt ctiorubs — on each side.

A UUh to th(5 Houth of this is a door leading into a cell, much filled up,
$mHHuriuu H fij^jt U inches by 12 feet 2 inches. It has a small recess at the back.

^ )u Uio north nido of the court is another cell with two totrances, — nearly
filM M(i; iiwi ovor t\w front of this is a groove in the rock, slanting up from
4<Ho,U hUU^ frablij'ond fashion.

A i iUi) corjMrr, whera the scarp turns to the north again, are two mcheB{gokhIes)
it9 tU*i rtf('k, with hohjs above as if for wooden fastenings or bearings.

Hotmt uiiUm mtni from Dhank, towards Siddhs&,r, in a ravine called Jhinjuri-
jh^ir, Ht'ti H4ftii*i ohVi'H cut in calcareous sandstone. Probably there have been
fdU^rm fnnUt-r u|i tho ravine, but, if so, the decay of the rock has destroyed all
hrt/'^f of lJM»m, Th^ furthest to the south, has been a verandah facing east,
i^itU two r^Wnt rrMiuwiirinK 8 feet by 9| feet and 7| by 9^ feet respectively. It
lfntU%h\y nitvitf \uul niiy jiillars in front, and the drip line is crooked to follow the

Thi* in*%l /?uvn hnn two cells, one 9 J by 8 feet communicating with the
mrowi, nil ili« riorlli hUUi measuring 7| by 9^ feet, which has two octagonal
lf)iUtrn in front wilh nnunn^ bases and capitals. The pillars are connected below
wMh IJmi \ii\nnUu'9^ by a \nw Hereon carved in front with the Buddhist rail of a
Uti'nii iniiU*vn mvh division boing 6 inches wide. This is the only trace of orna-
nM'nl Mbont lUimn nMV<iM,

Thn tiii%i iwil UiHl lo iJin north is a much larger one, and has had six square
fiWUiiP^ in front of a narrow vnriinduh ; of these the three pillars to the south of
tUii door nnd onn at thn north nn<J still remain. The front wall is pierced only
titv a door, iind thlw had bnnn built up some years ago to keep out the WAgad
niiilny^H, On |Hillintf down w) rnucn of the wall as to gain entrance I found
that, likn thn nj«mviit]onN in KAprA KodiA at Jun&gadh, it had an open area in the
I'Mntrn iimtnurlui/^ about Ul fnpt by 20; but this had been quite filled in from
nliovn, nnd thin rnndnrnd it ininoHnibh) to examine the entire arrangements and
pii*(uivn a |Jan ; but it n\i\mirm to consist of apartments round this open court,
with pillarM in front unci dividnd by walls.

On a Nlonn u litth* to tlin west of this I observed the first three letters of
thn Innrriptiofi No. (I, but on ch^aring it of earth I could make little out except
wluit I luivn ^i\vi^u. 'Vlwvi^ won» lntt(TS also on other stones close by.

In anotlu^r ravinn to thn west of this, and running into it a little to the
nortli nitHt, arn oilwv cavns, The first reached is a verandah 18^ feet long and
fully 6 fpnt wide*, with two windows, and a door about 4 feet wide, separated by
Hr|unrn pillarM, as at JunAga^jh, and in the second cave in Jhinjori-jhar. The
drip is nn lrn»gular linc^ accommodated to the face of the rock. From the north
i'ImI of \\\() verandah a coll is entered by a door and two narrower openings about
It inclujK widr». IMiis chamber measures GJ by 8J feet, and has a door in the
right-luirid wall, near the back, into a second room Sf by 7J feet.

A littlo highc^r up the ravine, to the south-west, is a second cave having a
voranduh with two squfire pilljtrs in front, and two cells, one of them much
decayed,

GUMLl, 37

On the way back to Dhank I struck the road to Siddhsar near a large old
w4v, repaired, like others about, in comparatively modern times, with arches
thrown across where the old lintels had given way. This wkv belongs to the
ancient city, said to have been overthrown by the curse of an ascetic, and "which,
if covering anything like the area pointed out, must have been a very large
place. One of the gokhles has a rough sketch of a Chaitya window over it
fiQed with a kirUmukh or large grinning face. At the turning of the descent,
near the top, are four niches, the sill of which is carved with the Greek-like
pattern found at Bad&ml, and also at many places in K4thiS,wM, of leaves and
dentils : below the old base is much decayed.

2^ih January. — Turning off to the west from the village of Hariesana
into a gorge on the west side of the Gadhkft hill, I visited the K4pril Kodi4
caves between Pfilttan and Siddhsar. Like most others aU over K&thi4w4d they
are perfectly plain with square pillars in the verandahs, and without any trace of
shrines or images.

Of the most southerly, furthest up the ravine, and facing east, the front
has fallen away, and the two cells only remai^.

The second is a single cell, of which the front of the verandah also has
dropped down.

The third is a verandah returning forwards on the left, with five square
pillars roughly blocked out, and a cell at the back on the extreme right.

The fourth has a verandah 23^ feet long by 6 feet wide, with two massive
square pillars in front, and two cells behind— one 8 feet by 10^, and the other
\\\ feet by 9^ feet.

The fifth has been a large cave, but the roof has fallen in, and the apart-
ment at the back, with a wide door, is quite choked up. If there has been any
chaitya or shrine in the series it must have been this cave.

The sixth is a simple cell.

The seventh has two octagonal pillars in front, and is 12^ feet deep by 15^
feet long, with two large cells — one at the back and the other on the left side.

Close to it is the eighth, the (2?) pillars of the front of which are gone.
It is 9f feet deep by 33 feet in length, with two cells at the back very clum-
sily cut.

Next to this we come to the remains of a stair up to the top of the rock, and
beyond it to the ninth and last cave, which is only a roughly hewn-out verandah,
with one cell at the north end, and the entrance to another begun.

GuMLi, January 2&th. — I visited the BAmapola, Nau Lakha, Gan^sa, and
Wanifilwasl temples and the JethA W4v, and then ascended by the east side of
the gorge to Abapura— the small shrine on the highest peak, reaching the summit
in 1 hour 5 minutes. The view over the Bard& hills to Purbandar, &c., is very
fine, but to the north-west the country is strikingly flat. After visiting some of
the tanks and ruins in the fort on the summit, I descended by the west side of
the gorge, striking off to the Son Kansarl tal4o and temples, and thence right
down through the jungle on the SAlesar talao and ruined temple, reaching the
plain again at the Derani W3,v outside the BAmapola. After what I had heard
of Gumll I felt much disappointed with this preliminary survey. The BAmapola,
one of the finest of the ruins, has fallen not very many years ago, and the

B 686—;

N \K\ U VOUHJUML SrRVKY.

h.^wM^^^'t^^ i'^'^i vjIiII i\»man»^ (Hn*ha|w oonvoys a very inadequate idea of what it
\wi4 i\\«*ui\ oi i\\\\{\ \^MU'>«u^\«. 'riio WaiiiAwafl! has also probably been totally

M\ ui»U'.« K»u \i\uuli, h\»\v\>vor. must stand over for the present, and with
\\\\^M' \^\\ i« \«4\ luioioul lou)|»lo I Imvo discovered at N&nd. Gop and the re-
luiiUM \(ith\l \\\ Kaolih will f\»nu tho suhjiH^t of another memorandum.

\ »»|»i»**ml "lovorul \A\\\^v inscriptions collected on my tour from Ahmedabad
mi\l ^.| i^'suiou* \»*Muo \'niu'Ui Hoiit iiio by Wallabha Ach&rya of Junagadh and
\«»lh«i^). ami I mIiiiII I»o luippv to nnvivo imnslations from scholars of any of the
hiM\.M|it 1011*4 III tliiN iiioiiioriiiiiiuiii.

J. BURGESS,
AiH^liMHiloffinvl Surveyor and Beporter to Government*

APPENDIX.

Inscriptions at Dbva Pattan, &c.

No. 36. — Inscbiption in the Temple of Sarasvati, nbae Sceta Kumbha, at

Deva Pattan.

In the year 18S8 of Vikrama in the month of Vaishakha, the bright fort-
night," 5th day, Sunday, the temple of the goddess Shrik^kH was built by Tha-
kiu* and H&j&varaja, the two sons of Th4kursinha, the father, and Bakshapi, the
mother, for the welfare of the parents.

Oh friend, all people become very attentive to the plain poems of Kalidasa:
What wonder is there ? ' He had blessing from the goddess Srlk&likl

No. 37. — On a Pillar in the old Temple of Somanatha.

May the pilgrimage for seeing Someshvara bear fruit. In the year 1541, in
the dark fortnight of the month Bhadrapada, the fifth day, Monday, may the
pilgrimage of the son of Revft and Sitarapala, of the lunar race, be firuitful.

No. 38. — On a Pillar at the Dazir's Dargah at Virawal Pattan.

^^idltl d<H I I ^<l'' ^ ^^ <ti^l 4M l^o<jchtfld MI<j^4> aTr ^*<$<ti<M^^

With the name of Allah who is the kindest of the kind. In the year 1862
of the era of Vikramadittya, in the month of Shravana, the bright fortnight, 8th,
Friday, in the town of Shripattanasing, and in the kingdom of Shri Brahmadasa,
Behrafarid, son of Behram Mohammed, surrounded by Haibat Mahk, son of Khan
Daf or ; Malik Shah, son of Badrahim ; Malik Sher, son of Malik Shesha, all
commanding a fourfold army, attacked Brahmadasa Vijaya, and having fought

B 680— A

• • INHC'RimONS AT DEVA PATTAN, kc.

Willi liU iiMUiy nKl«'«»K ••"♦» «l»tHl in the field. His grandfather was Bahurashyad;
Hi'i'rtI Hi'MiMlfHlhoriMiiliiuiinuHl: gmndinother, Dolutbi ; great grandmother, Moho^
iitilii t liin null, ( fuMriiiii ; iimhtniiil gmndfather, Bapu Ali ; maternal imcle's son, Jeh-
WMMli' i jMilni'iinl iiiu'lo, I liiji ; hiM son, Syed ; and Adam, his son. All were in the
Intvii ur Hlti'lHiililluuiHthn.

Nit. Ill), ( )n a HgiiAHK Htoxk at the laboe Gate of Sokanath Fattan.

II *nM''Hll<l»fHI II ^ TH.'flT^rV II IJ^^J^Jlf^^^'drlH^Hg^N^H^l^ H g^i yi>H<dr«|ij-^^^

hmmI II f II N«n(«i4f^it«iTffirrttfi^'w>^i'^gr?fT^ '^ii'''<i^ ^^ '^ ?*T>;g^ ri ^:?t%^
«iif«««fV»ll«iHi«»f<f«*m(f^«ifr'»T:ftTCf^f^T^rer'Ti%^:ll ^ » S«^?5T5^f^^TJr^.?wirw
(m»if«*it<ififl»(l»iii(iftfJ?:«ti^f^ffrwfii1*«iwni^: ti *TmHtJmTF55^imfcT«Tr#5pin%^RnjTf
fimH«ihMHliflHiiHKri«rit^:fV«T5.ll ^ II 'rft#Rr»rpTcr « [ w^m*ii?iT'Dfe«ftjjt^^H Ti» ipar
»l'Httim»wirfnM*f<i»»i*'i(^f^f^<t^*^'ft II « II 'r^^'n?^^^sncT»i^Titi%^:^i?jf5!,5tq^

i^*i<^it«MiH«nti II ii*f»tfrH!wwr«ff^wf^it!i<i*i*ii*<i^dV«i<4fcHiftt:^ff^ h mi a?

i('*tM«fti<tt|miHi'n!qtyiyiry«r^wpTy^: <?g^^ ^^^ii ^ ii 5rtfe?^p?fr?5R;rm
i»ifirrtii«i«ii«fiiH«(«ii«i«<«i<j II jViiitf ^Tn5wi*iJl^'i«ic4*i«*iN«[*j|«?^ n V9 n q^r^f^^ft

<i»ii»iMt»ti"M«i'f(l»Jr'f«Tin^?fffr: 11^ H irnfl«bj<<i'<i*i*f^*<**«iMwi<4tiwi^^tRttfr^ft3T

•»i4Mi€i»ifni! II \» II <«irfW»T4r^r'3qf""l«H*ii*i^^^«i:iHi^"W«i<*ii^*iciW'ii*T^ 11
II U II «il>»(rtifiinni*nr<r««W'Twrrr%^i^:Twfif^i?lMi^ll^^i^*i«ii<i^<M"i>T^ ir ift
•«ii»i Kumnn if»i iff'?(iW<rr«rfi}f %r^«r:'«f^»TW^R*»*i*ni^d^*i<iH'i'^«l \\\\ 11 ^rpfr^Wr
nNiMii'ini'ii<!t^f>r^«r!<ftHrij»Tir}r«TnT«RCiiim*i<)'<!ff* ll «rt*Hi!i<HH*«ft^i4i^f§-n^

«l««11ll*lHl4lf»l<^ITI^t'*^^'^'n^'^'' II U II ff|H<lcH^W^Tig^H<NHi*<l^aift<N*r^

oiffiHiMMd; II 'Mt«i'()mr»nTrr«ira*t^i«h4iiHi*iM'i5^ m« iicTTgcr^^sftJjpfjrT^
'^i"iNiDn»'iTM*ith'jWHflCfi»r'flt: ti «r^73l!i*cJHi'»*i"*i«»i*i^'Nicm4MrTh^<w^^f^>

<^i II h II H^^i'^'^ii4itrHT5f^«m^nTf?r5cra^^?Ffrcr^5'i^^t^f^f^^r^^ ^

'i1»i(«Hiiif^fS|<«i<'ifr<*fM?ri^?rtfT: ?;^ f ^ 4tmii^R'iHm<)# >g%rfir^: ^Rlt U 11

II U 11 tlff«('-*lll!^'<«{fHiit<rt«W^H< Wv7 l ^ti^''^'^ ' ''<^ ^^ l ll HmMd?^dPM<«t><Md^ei^r t

ctrN«f'irf^ir*jtr^»*i«T«Twrer'TT^»rt% n g l<ftH^«<icir^g | <<!ft Rr; ^HKm^H'«7«if ? m^ 11
<i»fr»fH'{/<tqriRriTfrwr?nTf»irrfi%?TF*fT^:irciN: 11 »<t<j(^^v(«<i<hi^K4.e?i<!4tff g55rgy
k«jR^ittrf?rwril 11 h« 11 *Tr^ 4wmn f »>i«^^di^-<i^Jivi<Nii$d^ 11 gw^^^??reiRfRT

ISSCMPTIOTIS AT DIVA PATTAIf, &C. m

%??rt5ri<iH-d4^iS^ni II t^ II iTwrePj^i*d5dj4y«iit^!ifttr:!iirR: ii 3iw;rftmt'tn
M^'ii'i^Hrsr^£'Ti3RrT?it II ^^ li gj^R'Ti;:HTin"inii'^i'JlH'J-i>Ti '<Hg'j<i i ^ nT'ft'!fT6rPr
* II ^sn«TOrj«^Jrriraflr j?tij'ji%Rr>i5T%>friiiiTjiife: ii ^i « || fwniwf 5|=piT=nR=jR
?fmriW5pTg5"5irn^t^^5rrTr II *rpnrinT;^i%'^nTi^m*j^^f?^ra"riT^RRT5iiTT7r55 ii ^^ il
apTi4'JH'iTfiTTTtTOf^nfr5irtPT^?T:=t,i|viii*^^P^: II anri^Jd m i^^^t^r^jm^^j^^jr^n^
*r"iT IRCII a'(fr4i<i)Riii^f3=q*it40'i'f'(:j'>t|i)M<it ii ii5n^raiK^twir75ii%: ^"r
iflTgiiTfit<frPMd*<Tp!T: II ^a II Mnft^if^rrB^TyirjTOrm ll '^rh^^TCfi -^^nK t^'Titr
RTT&TrTriRcl[^f5rrgT(%^ rnT=^iri=^r?rra^wrf^^ij'MH4^r':iT?rj^^T?JTv:i^p£?T^frr k
«a<ii«i'i(id^«m/^i'?RrHi!ii%ti%«wWr3jFn!iTS^f JTirira'ertiS''3fEjT: ii »^ ii R:w=ra
ijiiS+ftiM^jOTsviR^sr^gsWti: II #3i=!RKPiisRi=i3fla«?>iT5rm(^irg5^^jir>jii
S^m: II ^o II 'sftwftpRtf5':(T4aTPR=rr;>irV5^ 11 f=>ffrPHwnftf«TnW3f?cr ii ^? ii

«IPTTf^»?Nr^^?^OT^5flTrTif^a"^:!T5^3T^ II f%c^FWaIipm^T^5t^'"^f^^?rr%dtT3I|p3r

•flttir: II ^^ II sRri?gF^rirar^ff?"Jt<HiMi<Jd«Tf%sf55i5l<iS5fii5i:5fitre%=snw il
5f^^:=rft^<l^d^f^f^:!^P'4ftl^4iJ*^'Jtti?r?^l*^Mi|wjsF5T!rim^^r^:5TiTmq% It ^3 II PT=»Tr?r
^?^^^i^HH4l4i%^T5ifiOT'S4i^>iT^^r?nT^'?5tTr%'ii§^<ii?q^: ii s'f^j^ra^^t^^i'^s'
>i^'srap]TC'sfrftasiiiFHfH%«<J 1 M jrtSr'nr^it^'ii : II Vi II Hi^PKrHf^ft-^nrar
BmHiRi5n%TroiTPiT: ll Tin%!agftrTatrr=itnTrfta^riire5^i%5it II \'\ II ar^lfrarsr-
*i^itd4<l4i<t5n^r5'^l4<JHi*ii^idini^RKfESif^§?:dT II aj^^TJpir^'ife^n'Jrr'^TfTRiTg^rsr
M-iii'ii-nifti^TBftll ^ lli5tTg°R'SH'Ji;°r^tf^[WTmQg < j (^ (ii tni i ( T ' i ^' i| tiia ii
f^iftf riid<TgTi%s%?"r>f5«f«M i «* i^w^r^^^fJ-t j^TsS ii 3« ll ftntiTT^stsinihrrs
firt«Tij<iiiiTT!TOf*ir'^if5"TOi<«ift''H^S'tTi>if!!irt II ?RTFCT^^JiwfWft:5Rr"m"'nTrt!
Prri^iTTOTf *w^tSi|«?HiM"r5Wt ll \c il j^r^f^r^g^rggrw'iHfitai^iffftr i i i V-n i ft d
<ri"ii=ih?«rfijsjiirir*4tf ft: ^(%^fe II T«n(i%!iiTr5: !Tr^?'S5{i'fr4 1 <d rtTOiTii?^^ *•<! i^ii-
tfl5Tira*|5i4i^iir?5tr5T<TiT'iaT II ^^ II ^iT%sf^iTOr>r?iiii%a1Viii^5!rrfi3jT<irsnin%5T5
smtifasi^^niTiiir: ll 8» II !riPTf^=i^iPT:B!TrffrrS5ifHTi:: ll >st^Jc: sit«rS«'SrT*Sf%5i:
rnWit: II a t II s'srOTrssiHPrai^S^iTirwTgi'fefiQiii: ii ir^irsPj^iSsf-jqjstaHi
«f'5iwT%iHTOqrTB'ftetr* II 5'r*ira!j<rrw5;ftcc«TiTgs'PIiTiriSfi5:'5ff'-iTr5"rfrt; II a^ II
■ir5:%!i^laTjntpm'ftftr9rOT'i=n"TsSrst:!rir'ir!!i{^flTS=raf«if¥<*si^: II ^r-Tistfl-Tt^
fewiRf'i5^iiji3iTraRfT»/i"i7f?«iqi?rprjfta^f?if5ffWinq;ii 8 8 ii ^f^fii'iifl'tii'Sm
PtftTi?Knft^B'i'(M4i<f.><ii'j3Rr;un^iTf2rj"TnSt(!r5riTmr5!iT'!i ii t^sji'jlwts^iiiRqS-
%?a(Ta«i:r''miiT:»J?'??nit'5nra?i%n!i:is[ftirwT^ ll 8^ il it'^i5wr!rrs:inifcnTr5r:H!Tr
=t5?!!fflijSrtWT II isiH'idi«^iip(4'iiii45if3ir'JrhJiT=n II a< ll isIr^rmsfS-Titwi^r
^■wr II flfoi^^i^fti^iift a m^i i j"ifw»i I'^Tfr^wr: ll 35TTRraii<mft=tj

.^w^tT-ir II 819 II i^i%aTOriWw^fW*r«'i'idi«-+-'.gw4i'<!!rtiTiTi%miif'irHTr ii Hwa-
ftrpr^psirer!ro^ii%T^jB5t?fR"!WTr^ift%r"Ti ll s» ll 9Mi*ii*iiii*«i"jiiFnisft^T
!TOii?=t^^5 II fifi'ifS^^5I=n%5OT%tf5<SR5^^^IIH=RP^§^H^ ii «i? ii M'T^iTTT^t^rri

iv INSCRIPTIONS AT DEVA PATTAN, &C.

?T^ II \\ II qt^^iflwcrn^Pjqi^i^y^^: II 3fli^dm4*<lHidy^«n'T5^^: ii c^\ \\ ^^

U*ll4I^MI*Kl^l3lM4^AIHf*^i*iHtl*nH II

f ^j [ v< i ii^^^ ^ i'^dd^ i^^gCT^i' ^^<ii<*^i<jj*K"Hi^M ^^^^ II ^c^rrnre^lt^

Salutation to the beautiful Granes'a, and to S'iva, the representative of the
three gods Brahma, Vishnu, and S'iva (in the shape of ^^).

1. We worship the highest principle, the only cause of the five principal
sacrifices, and the support of a collection of ( mental ) principles, and that which
can be described (only) by the mind, intellect, &c.

2. May he, who is ^lixed up with the three worlds in the shape of sky, air,
fire, water, the earth, the moon, the sun, and the soul ( support of life, ^^^c ) ;
he, the lord of the highest heaven, who supports on his head the heavenly
( Ganga ) of equal beauty with Parvati, and who is consequently the subject of
ridicule by Parvati, may he give you happiness.

3 . The succession of the glances of Laxmi, contracted on account of the
rays of the emerald jolting on the breast of J^rishna, who wears the colour of a
gUttering cloud, dimmed on account of the fatigue of enjoym^nt, which on account
of their contractedness are a ground upon which goodness of heart is treasured,
and which resemble in form a flame or the wild fire which consumes the tree
of misery, may this (succession of glances) augnjtei^t your riches,

4. The line (spire, perhaps,) of the temple of Somndtha app^rs here like
the forefinger of the earth, pointing, as it w^re, that this town of S'iva has
beauty unequalled by others.

5. This town is the lotusrlike face of the earth, the place oi^ decoration for
all kings of the earth, the store-house of all ornaments, and is much regarded
by S'iva the enemy of the demon Tripura ; this town, which was created by
Chandra (the moon) when the extren^ely dijficult act of destroying the earth
( ^ ) was accomplished, shines in the neighbourhood of the (treasure of waters)
ocean.

6. This town, which is inhabited by sacrificers comparable to Brahmadeva,
the sky over which is clouded and made purple by the (sacrificial) smoke, which
is the sporting-place of the three Vedas, which being a town S'iva, who has a
half moon on his forehead^ offered it, after honouring Brahmins, to the eight
tutelary mountain-gods, and to the s^y-f our deities of arts for their satisfaction.

7. He that is the banner of the well-known family of the Shftndilly^s, and
whose family is known by the name Va^trafcula.* In sacrifices performed by
him th^ gods find shelter, and who deserves, therefore, the name — Knower of
divine things (^^)»

8. By his (Daineadnya's) blessings Mula Nripati, the king of Anahilapura,
having destroyed other kings of the earth, long enjoyed a kingdom void of all

♦This sbloka is not clearly understood.

INSCRIPTIONS AT DEVA PATTAN, &C. V

enemies, and solely subject to himself, and which (by its being excellent) shows
Indra to be poor : he enjoyed 'svith his sons the power which he exercised only
for the present meritorious acts.

'9. Granga who has assumed the form of a stream, and who has risen from
the soles of Vishnu.

They, the ornaments of glory, were set forth by Mularaja with Virasina.

10. The illustrious Mularaja, the head-jewel of the three worlds, established
large and small wells, lakes, hermitages, palaces with terraces of gold, houses of
Brahmins, villages, towns, water-places, and sheds, which bestow fame, wealth,
and merit upon princes.

11. While he reigned, the sky appeared like his one umbrella on account
of the dust on the whole earth being thrown up by the hoofs of his horses.

12. This king having ascended to the home of the lord of the gods, Uddan-
daraja, the thunderbolt of the hostile mountainlike kings, became king, who made
Shri Madhava the friend of his father, who regarded him kindly, his great
(prime) minister.

13. That rampart was well defended and strong which was erected on the
borders of the town by multitudes of windgods, from the dancing of whose
waves was born PashAtkara, the army general of the king (Uddandaraja), and
for him S'iva having first effected the suppression of the demon Tripura, firmly
and fearlessly established the goddess* of strength bdrn in the family of Shoehi.

14. After him succeeded his son Durlabhar&ja by name, who resembled
Shankarat in as far as he destroyed the Cupid-like kings. He having thrown his
glances against wicked men, bore the hereditary load of protecting the earth,
which is always imposed upon kings.

15. After him succeeded his younger brother, who was a favourite of all
kings of the fiarth, who was surrounded by the fame of his own family, who was
the embodied lustre of prowess. In the towns of his enemies a series of the
footmarks of a lion J reddened by the blood of goats appears like an ornament.

16. The only hero on the earth, and full of the joy of pride — the only hero
on the throne §♦♦♦♦♦♦ He was the enjoyer
of jthe hard embraces of heavenly women § « •

17. After him reigned Mahakulapati (the lord of a noble family). His reign
was productive of comfort to the world. He having conquered the enemies by
means of his valour, shone very brilUantly ••«•««

1 8. He having won the glory of victory over kings, brought the whole earth,
covered with brave men, under the shadow of one umbrella. By him the earth
obtained protection, as if it were, from the lord of gods. And all the agitated
enemies were reduced to subjection and peace.

• Mythology unknown*

t Shankara in dcmcribed as the destroyer of the god of love.

X The figum In not understood. Perhaps it means lions, the exponents of valour and glory, were
freely wandering in the towns of his enemies.

§ Very inrorrttctly written.

B 686- II

Vi INSCRIPTIONS AT DEVA PATTAN, &C-

19. While lie was yet leading the life of a king, and while his valour was
characterised by the capability of protecting the three worlds, KumArap^lla was
bom, who was not to be surpassed by any one on the earth in good qualities.

20. (Incorrigibly confounded.)

21. He the banner of Indra, as it were, having descended to the earth
ascended to the top of the tree ( of knowledge ) of the Vedas by destroying the
other little shrublike princes.

22. The renown of the glory of this prince's valour was like a flowing
stream of ambrosia in the moon. It shone like a wreath of lotuses in the reign of
ShrilullarS,]^ who succeeded the above prince.

23. His monument on the earth, the index of his well-known valour and
prosperity, was a mansion for Someshvara called Meghadhvani (noise of clouds),
constructed by him.

24. The son of Lullar^j^was an excellent prince, born by Bh&ma, and a
friend of the heroic King Bhima. This prince, called Valla, was the ornament of
the whole male creation on the earth, and was tKe full moon risen on the ocean
of the splendour of the kings of learning ( learned men ).

25. He had an illustrious intimate friend, called Jayasinha, who was born
to adorn the world. Jayasiflha's son came to Valla, and having obtained the
prime-ministership, added grace to his son. Prince Kum&rap&la.

26. He ( Prince Kum4rapS,la ) married a princess, and was graced by her as
much as Chandra (the moon ) by Rohiw (a constellation) ; as much as S'iva by
UmS, ( Parvati ) ; or as much as Vishnu by the lotus-bom ( Laxmi). By this
queen was bom Shridhara, the moon that causes the multitudes of ( night ) lilies
to C'pen, the lilies being his own family.

27. The King Bhima had his fame as bright as the white lotus whitened by
an overflow of the ocean of milk ( ^^t^ ). Diseases never afflicted him ; he had
a fresh council of kings around him ; and he was the only object of reverence to
all ascetics.

28. (Extremely incorrect.)

29. (The first two quarters, of this shloka are quite indistinct; they mean,
however, that the King Bhima above described being the regent and guardian )
the Prince Shridhara was by his sight ( as grave as ) the ocean ; by his power
he was Brahmadeva, by his fame he was like Rama, and by his beauty and form
he was *^ ( Cupid himseK).

* 26. His fame is Uke a white flower on the flood of the ocean of milk. He
was never subject to diseases. His council was praised by all kings of the earth.
Such was the King Bhima most respected by all pious persons.

* 27. He was of the same line of princes who are highly famed for generosity
and who were extremely popular.

* 28. This king resembled the moon in lustre. He resembled fire in brilliancy,

the god of riches in wealth ; in look he was as grave as the ocean, and in powers

. —

♦ These three verses have been retranslated, for they have been better understood since their
rendering was sent np.

IKSCRIPTIONS AT DBVA PATTAN, &C. vii

he was always like Brahmadeva ; in point of fame he was like Bama, and in beauty
he was another Madana.

29. He was the only cause of the increase of all prosperity. He was of
unparalleled reverence, and was superior to all gods. He was a treasure of
goodness, and the fame of his strength reached the skies. He lived for the rise
of goodness, and was an * ancient personage,

30. Though Shridhara ( Lord of Laxmi, i.e,, Vishnu ) he had no abode in
Vaikuntha ( abode of Vishnu ) ; though omniscient, he has no knowledge of the
ignorance of his soul ; though Ishvara, i.e., mighty ( S'iva ), he was no enemy to
Cupid ; though Indra ( strong ), he was no killer of Vritra demon.

31. The feet of this lord, which were like Kamadhenu ( the celestial cow
who gave all things desired ), may give me what I desire. His truthfulness, dread,
liberahty, and fondness for sweet words were so great, that Shesha (the thousand-
headed serpent who is the throne of Vishnu ) has his mouths always extended for
praising him.

33. A cloudy dark day was turned into a fair day, the cuckoo was turned
into the swan, the Jumna was turned into the ( white ) celestial Ganges, the
throat of S'iva ( blackened by the poison Ealak<ita ) was turned into a border-
plant of the ocean of milk, t Krishna was turned into Vishnu, and a mountain of
lamp-black was turned into a mountain of snow ; and even the ( black star ) Ra-
hoo was turned into the moon, when his fame reached the earth.

34. (Quite indistinct.)

35. When Brahmadeva saw the town in which the three worlds are con-
centred, he, the creator, smiled with surprise at the thought that there w^s no
single town like this in the whole creation.

36. He was a mighty hero who by his two feet illumined the three worlds,
and I ( the poet says ), who was S'iva and Valmiki in my former births, often
sang his praises.

37. The auspicious praises of his qualities S'iva always, on account of
eagerness for hearing them, sings, and these praises which delight Brahma are
now shining in thfe mouths of poets.

38. His brilliant fame shines on the tusks and temples of elephants in the
comers of the earth, and on the body of the sun's horse. His fame falls in love
with the moon, and dances ( every where ).

[Latter part imintelligible.]

39. The plant of his fame has for its bed all the three worlds ; it has
climbed on the tree of heaven ; it has sprouts in the shape of accomplished and

* Purport not intelligible.

t Whitcning-iwwer of fame is here described.

Viii INSCRIPTIONS AT DEVA PATTAN, &C.

qualified persons ; the moon is its full-blown flower, and the numerous stars are
the fragrant pollen dispersed into all the quarters of the sky. May that plant
flourish which has its roots in Moolarajl

40. (Quite unintelligible,) It purports nothing more than that his fame is
widespreading, and that his powers, which resemble the eight points of heaven,
are great.

41. With these powers, which are honoured by the whole world, he moves
like the sun. Shridhara shines with his own lustre, is the lord of three worlds,
and a treasure of mercy.

42 is not in the text.

43 contains an indecent image, and is not quite clear.

44 is also quite unintelligible.

45. (First part not clear.) By him Shridhara was appointed to live in
the town of S'iva, and to protect cows.

46. There were in this town very good Brahmans, who underwent the pe-
nances enjoined to Brahmanas, who could prolong the inhalations and exhalations
of breath, and who were the home unique of good qualities ; who were the orna-
ments of the earth, and gods on earth ; who might be considered to be the ocean
of Shruti (revealed texts).

47. For the sake of prosperity, and for the favour of S'iva, he began to
perform the Vainai penance, at which there were Brahmanas very devout towards
S'iva and engaged in the worship of the god. They themselves were incarna-
tions of Vishnu.

48 and 49 are missed in the text.

50. His banner is spread constantly on the borders of the earth, and is
honoured by all the subjects, because it keeps them always in peace. He perpe-
tually offered incense to gods in heaven, and constantly gave pleasure to those on
the earth and in heaven.

51. (First part indistinct.)

The good fame of the king, which is honoured by saints and ascetics, is the
essence of all good fortune.

52. He then, the en j oyer of the wealth obtained with diflSculty by chance —
he, a descendant of the lunar race, pleased the people extremely well. Though
gods considered themselves wise, they began to doubt their wisdom ( when they
saw him).

53. There was the family preceptor of this prince called JimAtavMa (whose
delivery was as loud as thunder). He was accomplished with good qualities.

The temple of Somn&tha is completed ; may prosperity attend it.

54. The temple of S'iva is finished. Now for worshipping the feet and es-
tablishing him, Vishnu himself was present. When the name of the god is heard,
all sin is absolved, and also sin is removed by seeing him once.

This inscription was engraved in the year 1773 of the era of Vikramadittya,
in the dark fortnight of Vaishakha, 8tb day. •

KVCHH TNSCRIPTIO^•S.

IX

No. 40. — On the Padnhi of a Jaina Gorjl at Manrd In K<ichh.

t^ I F^5.

^^^wtl?^

NO

Ao. 41. — In the temple of Mahddeva NUahintka at Bnnil, Kitrl,h.

III ^m^RTT'iatu'n^r^t'ft^r^'sfNKTf^^jf I

Bhadrks'vae Ixscriitions.
Na 42. — In a back room in Bhudres'vara Temple,

r. (isf;.. !•

^prr^TT^FRTV

X miADRESVAR INSCRIPTIONf?.

No. 43. — On a jnllar in Bhcidrcs'mra Temple.

No. 44. — On the base of a pillar in the Mandap, '

Xo. 45. — On a pillar in the hack corridor^ Bhadres'var Jaina Temple^

— f55JiTiTm^Mfili<iHWif»r

BHAIOtBS'TAK nrSCBIFHONS. zi

No. 46. — On the same.

■

No. 47. — On a column in the corridor,

^fVMdAo*i: ^r»T
Nc 4R. — On aTiother,

^^tfi ^

^^ft«r m

Xii BHADRBS'VAR raSCEIPTIOSS.

No. 49. — On a third.

5m<^ — ?^?r^frnrat

sRTt^^nn

wf5rTO?nr«^^

No. 50. — On a Pdliya in the VUiage of Bkadres'oar.

ft- «i #% are- 5^^ II

*JN-41<iuiia qmn^o

qfe^TTf ^F^?r — — w(^ II
$^T^ >nfcr —

6

No. 51, — On a Pdliya in the Village.
No. 52. — On another Pdliya.

bhadrxsVas nrecwPTioNs. xiii

No. 5Z.— On a fourth.

No. 64. — On a Sati stone.

^5 W^^ ^

No. 65. — On the Kwidwall Bhadres'var.

No. 56. — Inscription at Cho&anda Mahadeva, near Bhadres'var,

Kachhf taken from Bhadres'var.

B 686— D

Xiy BHADRBS'VAS IMSORIFTIONS.

No. 57. — On the Temple of Bhavdnes'vara at Bhavad, Kachh.

ffo^iid^ci ^^ ?■

ffo^ldm^^diolf^^^:

5^3"o ^?RTf

or H-i4H\

?o « — ?R fflsffirTrr

MHv^41i^d «rRr ^m%"

BHABBES'VAR IVSORIFTIONS.

No. 58. — From, Mount Abu.

II «o II ^arr— «*ii^<*^Ri'^^w-^'i7Mtlm4'^i«f^ II
II M4tNdfe^'i l MdKmm4'4 : It \ ^rt^r^RTTRmliiTcsnnTT^ II

II | ^llPl ( ^KI^*^»M«<Hjd»rN4 II H 3?^«iwm*r?rt3T^ II

II »rt5R: 4><t ' l<t'^<t<^«iH'( ff j^i»«H '5r7qW ^<H ^i *i i'^i f^ II
II ft<^^< i ^ II 'Erat^^i^iRTf'n%i%^^'^lr^raT#?nrern^^ II

II ^«H^*tm<<<*<7< ^ H<l'DHNtcnMrt(^d4<»(«ll^ II

II H^KHdil'H 'stf ^'■»ifil^l^^^<l<l II dftH-l*lW*ll^ PsfhPT II

II ^'^^^t^^<^1^R;i^N<;NH<»R^<»^l^^<l<^'^tlljJ<>«♦>I^^ ii

II ^ l| S|'H«h»<im<q^^lft l ^fc<JH<W<N<'^<N'M 7^mitJd*n««>^4|f^gt II
11 •Hd«W«<5<«»l6l«b<**<<<i^<WH:i«ll^MI<^AIclHyd^*^«i-1 11
II <IH4lN7l^g4t«t*fl ' ««><»J ^K4i l < l f^d II »sft3T^^<mi|^d««<d^ II
II \\C& 4' ^ *I I M1ife ^ M I *1«<r<i^»ldP<tiM^^^*<^-M<:ftf^ gr II

II ^rofW 11 ^i^"^ II «»u«<<^'*5 II <iwn^«*t<i'*iNwim^ii^«nTiwi ii

No- 59. — From Motint Abu.
«^Ptfe II y ^M l ldHHf^MA<lj*<^slMCl^ »a"IMI*<l ^<<1^^l<4I^Hl'ij^<l^ ' T r't^PTRrf»^

ft Nft^i^^^H<^^ lRl l^dwi ! ifi;[d^l l '^MAlTt^^•Hl^'tl^d^^^^< l cH ^ Tl^ ^f^^f^?^%'^#^r'T^^ 1^^
5l>fli^d«iMf^ft^V^t*ri^i<d:'Enntr:t)'=i-<ii^*i^HJj44tr?<ii'i^<iwi<TO: 11 ^ 11 ^iwrf^^FT^r^nn^^
^fl;i i f^H<<i«hO^Hj<H^Hf^o<ft)HirdRTf: rw Mljii'^ 'fi «*r^<ii^Hi*< II « II 5Tt^tfr^^3Rrf^Rwr

^*ldfl*lld*HIW4*«n II f^<i»t'««dl<IMHdtM<lc*<r?WWit'MUlftHR II ^ II ^TWRTT^^JJ^l^^iq^ipT
«^*4<J :?RNMid f^H I *l^*l^!ju| "isfl 4lPl<lftl^P» : 1 5rifi»Wfcr?'JTI^I^'T^:|T^'^itNTI%iTr
ftFlld«dHI^HTl^<»il'!JHT<4Hl'V(^Mim<t II < II ^?«l<lftRd«ll5l"i<?)4^t^frrH»r: || fsft^f^T?^
<l(im»H^t»f^-^ II V9 II M H plH«h* < ^ l D<^?n^'? tH I « < g f^l'^<«1^R^ T^%f|fl ^<e<Jld4> ft^; I ^H ^-^^

*M'?nih<idHiji'fi'im»ii^ i ?l^«4><»H^t<<$<tiui i Al : II <r II 5fhjffis3ti%5ir5^f^rR^j%gdT^*>

^ps^: II ?o II <<4l^HR|^A|ldN«n4q<WW||ftHWNdH<«<'-«4^*n%'VTfhj^ II \\ || ^^^
ft< l d<l>ira4^^<<df^<JliiMltl^lcl l ^^Ho<<lM^M'iM<»MU<«h'lM<*Ai> f^: ti'tllf^W>

Xvi BHADEBS'VAB IK8CBIPTI0NS.

J ^i^" II ^T^IB II

No. 60. — From Mount Abu.

f*n^r#fcn:5ir^trtrfe'fTcrf^fTjr^^R«K^«ff*!i'*H<*ii«7^dO

^tcft^ ^V9 tret \ ^qT ld l gr ^^ ?r^3T5- \ ^4 miiH { { ^^l'h4\-i ' H \ 3RH?fft

qjnftHT^r ^ ^ « t ^ft^hr^ ? y i^MJ r d ^ii ^^^ H d ^T tv^^i i '^vj M^ ^gr^^^

^TfR^ ^i i ^l f fid mi MK HPT I srTr ^1<'i ^<d I ^iii i <»4)'h K i i^l ffgrar qi gl^d^l ^ h i ^n^ qr^

No. Cl.^OtJ Dadt Earir's Wdv at Ahmadabad.
f^: I ^H<^r<d"4<«IHI<fl<?«mcH»iWddf 5(

•i*jiPlt^^«R*)'iui*t*?»i*fi?i«ii<4* I •j»m^i

a, 'sft «sfr Jiift *)i<jjlf^«il<<<llN*«HNf>Jcr:| 3^5?Tft^

BHADEES'VAR IKSCRimONS. XVJi

^nn^ II 'T^^rnmnTRcnrr^mri^nR^

^**?|*|\j|i^uij|^l<mHAId*W>HHUHr'i^l TR" •

'ifiHif^»mM^i^i^dNMK?^i(l<'ii»^«ir

TRS^f^^ ni^H4 I d<I I M^N<H^*<ti^'< l '<M
<TmR!^o R"^^PK"ll*l^tlNia<ld«IIMi4kr

No. 62. — Copy of part of an Inscription on a Pdliya found on the emhanhncnf

of tlie Malan Wdv at Gedi in Wdgar, Kachh.

^ \\\ ^ ^<' Htd4?H^rfd ^^ i^if^M^ltdT4^l l M*^l^-!i»H^^»|q ?'^ «t>-jd<^^^^^<^ '^?7^^yR^fi#r^

1! 'WG— E

BOMBAT : PRIKTED AT THB aOTUUWUIT CnTBAL FBE*.

O -J*

MiV^^iy^^^'fiC^

M2

Ml

• A.

L

r>

^..f

n *^

J^cr'inZiy^'^'fi^ti

M2

Mi.

n

ru

'^ %

JTcS.

[No. 3] . : ••..

•• •.

• •

MEMORANDUM

ON

THE REMAINS

AT

GUMLI, GOP, AND IN KACHH, &c.,

BY

J. BURGESS, F.R.G.S., M.R.A.S., M. de la Soc. As.,

ARCH.tOLOGICAL SURVEYOR AND REPORTER TO GOVERNMENT.

PRINTED BY ORDER OF GOVERNMENT AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS.

1875,

•••

• • ' • •

• •

• •

• •

...•.•/•••

• «

•

« •

* •

AROH.E0LOGICU SURTEI OF WESTERN INDIA-

Edinburgh, \%th June 1875.

The chief SECRETARY to GOVERNMENT,

BOMBAT.

SlB,

In continittition of the Memorandum No. 2, submitted to Government some
time ago, and detailing the operations of the Archeeological Survey till the end of
January last, I have the honour to submit the following outline of the survey
during the months of February, March, and part of April.

GuMLl. The temple known as Naul&khft stands on a raised platform
153J ft. long by 102 ft, broad. The enclosing wall or screen on the top of this,
however, haa entirely diaa.ppeared ; and of the entrance only the steps and the
bases of the two massive pillars above them remain. The temple itself measures
51 ft. 5 in. from the threshold of the maniap to that of the shrine, and 67 ft,
8 in. to the back of the prad(tks/iinq, inside. The width froro the north to the
south doors of the mandapis 55 ft. 7 in. The level of the temple is considerably
raised above that of the court, and is approached by a flight of steps at each of the
three doora. The mandap is of two storeys, with twenty-two columns on the
floor, each 9 ft. 7 in. high, and thirty shorter ones on the low screen walls that
enclose it. It is of a pretty common cruciform shape, tbe central area being
29 ft. square ; to each side of this an aisle is added 1 9 ft. long, except on the west
side, where in front of the shrine it is only 15 ft. 7 in. long ; outside this on the
three outer sndes is added a portico about 8^ ft. square.

The shrine is 9 ft. 1 in. square inside, and is roofed by a neat dome with
chakwds on the lintels of the octagon. The linga that once occupied it was car-
ried off to Porbandar long ago, and is nomv to be seen there in the temple of Kedar-
nkth.

Round the shrine is & pradaJcshina about 3 ft. wide, but widening to over
5 ft. opposite the windows that on the different slices throw light into it.

The walls of this temple are built of slabs of moderate size of the calcareous
satidstone so common over Western K^thiawdd, and are set on edge and clamped
together. This mode of construction has hastened the ruin of this stately pile ;
for, the wails being thin, when once a tree or plant has got its roots in between
the slabs, it has s^it the wall. In many of the stones there are small natural
cavities which when exposed have been occupied by plants that at first sight
see^ to grow out of the solid stoae.

4 ARCH^OLOGICAL SURVEY.

The central octagon of the mandap supports a frieze, with a low parapet wall
above in front of the gallery or upper floor, to which there does not appear to
have been any regular means of access, unless it may have been by means of some
wooden ladder. The dome rests on the colunms of this second storey, but the
pendentive and some of the upper courses of stone have fallen in, and it is now
open in the centre. This maidap is what Captain (now Sir G.) LeGrand Jacob
described in 1837 as *' the palace". With the exception of this strange mistake,
however — and unscientific observers seem to have a sort of fatality for glaring
mistakes — his account generally conveys a very accurate idea of this temple : being
much better than Colonel Tod s in 1822.

The brackets of the columns both in the upper and lower floors are sculp-
tured, each with a different device consisting of kirtimukhsy or grdsddsy the
gatachuky four-armed figures, a bird trimming its feathers, an elephant or an
elephant's head, a large human face, a monkey — two with one head, a bird with
a flower in its beak, a horse with a man before and another behind,' a pair of bul-
locks butting, an elephant and horse, a cock and sheep, a swordsman and ele-
phant, a pair of birds, a couple of fishes, three monkeys, &c.*

The columns of the octagon and four in front of the shrine have bases of
thg broken-square plan, with a figure of a Devi having the left foot raised on the
right knee, placed in a small compartment the colonnettes on each side which
have the grdsdd or griffon attached as a bracket to the outward sides. Over this
are horizontal mouldings to a height of 2 ft. 3 in. The next division is 1 ft. 8 in.
high, and has a standing figure of a devata, Ganpati, S'iva, Parbati, &c. &c., on
each face. Over this is more ornamentation, and the column changes to an octagon,
on the sides of which are carved eight Devis as on the base, only somewhat
smaller. At 5 ft. 11 in. from the floor the pillars become circular and are girt,
first by a collar of sixteen leaves and buds, then by a string of chakwds, — hanging
by eight short bands from a cincture of lozenge-shaped carvings, over which is a
belt, about 8 in. deep, of 8 kirtimukhs. The capital is 9 inches deept and the
bracket 13^ inches. The other ten columns are much plainer.!

The carving on the outside is what has chiefly attracted attention to this
temple. On each face of the base of the shrine or vimana^ under the windows,
are two elephants and a makar or grdsdd with their trunks intertwined. On the
upper members of the base are — 1, a line of kirtimukhs ; 2, elephants holding a
band or rope in their trunks, their ears just touching, and at the outer angles a .
human figure struggling as if to keep the rope off from him ; and, 3, a line of
figures, mostly human, dancing, kneeling, playing music, fighting, &c. &c., with
elephants, horses, linga, altar, a pair of intertwined snakes, birds, figures sitting
on chairs, &c. &c., intermixed. Above this the first belt of the walls is occupied
with figures of Devi or Lakshmi, four-armed, with the left foot raised as on the
pillars of the mandap. Over this is a dorus and some mouldings ; then the prin-
cipal belt, as at Ambamilth and elsewhere, filled with larger figures, principally
gods and goddesses of the S'aiva mythology — some of the figures tolerably well
executed, and the females without the usual exaggerations. J The brackets sup-

* A few sketched : more might have been drawn had the assistant exerted himself.

t Drawings made.

X One drawn, and photographs taken.

OUMLI. O

porting these have each a flower carved on the under side, with two leaves.
Each compartment is enclosed by a pair of colonnettes, with brackets of the goat-
shaped or griffon figure with long legs, and horns. The figures in the receding
portions and re-entrant angles are all males, or nearly so, and have beards of the
formal cut so common on BAjput sculptures and on the figures Mr. Sherring
styles * Bhar ' ; some have also moustaches, and occasionally a turban badly set on.
Indeed, until within a century ago or so, turbans are not usual on Hindu sculpture,
and such as do exist are represented rather over the head than on it. Close
above these last are two very small figures on a sort of shelf Above this belt
is a cornice, of which monkeys crown all the comers. Among the minor sculptures
on this temple are some obscene figures, but not many : on a Vaishnava temple
they would probably have been a characjieristic feature.

Under the shrine window on the south side, and just over the two elephants,
is a figure of Brahma and Sarasvati ; in the corresponding position on the west
is Siva and Parvati ; on the north the figures are completely destroyed, — ^they
were probably Vishnu and S'rl*

Over the porches have been slabs with human and animal figures, but they
have nearly all fallen. The other compartments of the roofs have lotuses or
other circular flowers carved upon them.

Heaps of stones lie about, many of them elaborately sculptured, t

To the souths we§t of this temple, and only a few yards from the outer en-
closure of it, is the sHJchar, or spire, of what Tod calls " the temple of wisdom," or
of Ganpati ; and Captain Jacob — that of Hanuman : it is now so utterly ruined that
no one can say to whom it was dedicated. Nothing remains of it but the vimana^
or tower, bereft of the jambs and lintel of the door, and three or four pillars of the
mandap. But the style of this tower is of an old type :J it measures 7 ft. 9 in.
square inside, and the walls are 2 ft. 3 in. thick, but, unlike the Naulikha, the
stones are smaller, very carefully jointed and laid on their beds. The mode of
closing the spire, too, is the same as tiiat of the Son Kans&ri temples on a hill above,
to be described presently.

A little to the east of this is the W&niS^wasi — the ruin of an old Jaina
temple, of which only a few pillars of the mandap and three of the small cells that
surrounded it now remain : — scarcely sufficient, without turning over a large por-
tion of the fallen stones, to determine the plan and dimensions. The pillars are
plain, but the bracket capitals have the same whimsical variety of sculpture as
those of the Naulakh^ Ternple. The doors of the little shrines of the bSmti, or
court, have been elaborately carved in sandstone.

Among the stones was found an ima^e of P&rswan&th carved in a hard
yellowish stone of great specific gravity : it is about 4 ft. high, and but little
damaged. |

* These notes very imperfectly describe the sculptores, which will be better illufitrated by four
photographs taken of them.

t A group of them was photographed.
J Photographed.

B 197—6

6 ARCHiBfOLOaiCAL SCtTET.

Biuit of thiB, again, is the Jethft, WftT, which must origmafly have been a large
and noble public well ;• but half of it has entirely disappeared, and the stones
carried off* On a slab on the ri^ht side near the entrance, or east end, under a
cow and calf eating balls of food, is an inscription, of which only small firagments
here and there are legible. It began : —

probablv Sam vat ISSSa^A.D. 1326-7— only three years before t&e traditional date
of the destruction of the city.

At the bottom of the descent is a golchle^ or ndche^ on eadi side^ very neatly
carved.

(>f the RAjnapola, or west gate, which was standing only a few years ago,
and might then have been saved by a few props and cutting down the vegetation
ovijr it, only two of the brackets now remain, hanging over the ruin.* The
fl;ato, howovor, iiot^HthHtanding the praises it has received from visitors^ was never
probably equal U) those at Daohoi. It belonged to the same style and was of
about the Mariio dimensions, the walls being 13 feet apart, and the clear roadway
bDiwiton the pihintors 1 1 ft. 6 in.

Oiitnido tliiH gato are a few p&liyas still standing, and many more trampled
into Iho tjarth by tJio cattle, while others have been carried off for building pur-
|M>iiif«. 71i« flguron carved on them are mostly represented on horseback — ^the
IiorMim (Mivurud with what may equally poartray a tExick quilt or chain-armour.

•luMt oiitNido is thu Dor/int W&v, a much smaller and plainer structure than
thii iliithi WA,v, and also much decayed.

Hcatiumd alxiut all over the site of GumG are fragments of temples and other
huildiiif^N ; but, ho far as I could discover by visiting all I oould catch a glimpse
^A' i)yi\Y Iho jtingin, or hoar of from the villagers at Mukh^nd;, there are no others
wortii NjMHJial iioti<«) uithnr for size or carving. They appear to have been mostly
Mrnall Mnrinim oftho twclilh and thirteenth centuries, and now quite ruined.

IlitiwiHtn U)o Hlltna|N>|aand MukhA.n& in the valley to the east of the old city
aru Ihn niiiiiuiiN ofmivural woUh.

ANiutnding fcha K*^W^ alx)Vo QumJi, however, to the south-west, under some
niHifiiilhuml i>l<l nvui^) tnioN, and commanding a splendid view of the Naul&kha
aiurall tliii vallfiy rountl it, uro throe old temples. Of the first— the shrine
h II, I in, Mquant iuNidti with walla 18 in. thick and a pradakshina 2 ft. 5 in. wide
hiiiiHl ib Hlaiul. Oil thu lintcal of the ahrine door is Ganes'a, and on the frieze
ahovn \H ViHhnu NuattuI, with Oaruda below his asanas a nimbus behind his head
Hiul rnniald II^uroN iit oitoh NJdo : to' the left of Vishnu in another compartment
in linihiiiai throo-fiMuul, Noatod oross-loggod on two nansas, with two female
littiUMlantH ; and Ui tht> nu:ht in H'iva — three-faced, with Nandi below, and two
riMiialiiN. All thrnti havu lour arnvaoach, and are about 15 inches high. In front
III* th<i ahriiMi door two nilliirH oftho maj^ap Btill remain, divided into three nearly
iiqiial lotigthH of four, uight, and Nixtoon sides> with capitals of cruciform shape.

* Photographed

WUhu 7

T'lie second temple; on the south side of the last, has had a mandap with low
screen wall 1 ft. 9 in, thick. The shrine is 6 ft. 4 in. square inside, with walls
2 ft. 2^ in. thick, surrounded by a pradakshina 3 J ft. wide, the outer walls of the
temple forming an oblong 17 ft* 4 m. by 29 ft. inside and 21 by 32-J ft, outside,
with four pillars in f^nt of the shrine, 2 ft. 2 in. square below, octagon abovey and
having square bases^r They have round capitals and brackets of Srtimukhs and
four-faced figures.

The Walls are of plain ashlar, the stones neatly dressed and jointed* There
has been a porch^ btit it has fallen^

The s'ikhar is much ruined, but has been carved with a sort of chaitya-
window pattern, not deeply cut, and other mouldings usual in temples from tiie
eighth centtury or earlier to the tenth or eleventh, and crowned with a large flat
amlasUa.

On the south side of this are three small cells occupied by a Kaki Bdwfi,
and beyond them is a large well, built of well-dressed stone.

On the very simmiit of the hill is a small square shrine of Asopur& Md.t&^
and near it the walls of many of the houses of the long-deserted fort, surrounded
by a massive wall, of which the crenellations only have fallen.

Outside the Eimapola and to the south-west of the Der&ni W&v is the
remains of a pretty large artificial lake — ^the SalsSar Tal&o. At the east end
of it is a small S^aiva temple, now a complete ruin, the mandap entirely fiallen,
and the shrine only remaining, much dilapidated about the s^ikhar. There is
nothing, however, remarkable about it.

About 350 or 400 feet above this is another large tal&o — the Son Kans4rl,
with some eighteen or twenty temples at the west end of it, and two or three at the
east : — none of them very large, but all apparently of an earlier date than those
below. The larger ones consist of a square shrine built near one end of an
oblong court or mandap, and the smaller ones of an outer room or a porch and a
cell. The mandaps have fallen, except that of one of the three larger ones,
of which a considerable portion is stiU entire. This appears to have been a
Yaishnava temple with ieur columns in the mandap* From the pradakshina
a small door opens on the right or north side into a little room outside the en-
closure wall, and at the back and south sides there are small openings or win-
dows into similar apartments : these cells were probably for storing the clothing,
jewels, and articles of value belonging to the idoL The roofs of the pradaksJdna
and aisles in these temples have slanted downwards.

In the mandap of this last is a figure of Vishnu about 4^ ft. high, broken
across the neck, but otherwise scarcely damaged. It would be worth removing
to a local museum at Rijkot or even to Bombay. It was from these temple*
that Captain Jacob removed the figure of Brahma, now in the Asiatic Society's
Museum at Bombay.

These shrines, however, differ from most others in the way they are roofed :
the s'ikhar being gradually contracted in dimensions inside till it terminates in a
square aperture of about a foot, covered by a single slab. In one of the larger

8 ARCHJEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

temples, on the north side of this group, there appears to have been two floors,
and above the second the area is gradually contracted in this way. This shrine
is 10 ft. 9 in. square inside, and the walls 3 ft. 9 in. thick, with a pradakshina
6 ft. wide, having four windows — one on each side and two behind.

At the east end of the talS^o is a temple with a prettjr large naos roofed
over in a similar way, as is also its shrine. The walls are all built of carefully-
squared stones laid on their beds, and probably built without lime, though, before
they ceased to be used, they seem to have been pointed ipid white- washed.

Many carved stones, pdliyas, images, &c., lie about.*

Sth February, — Made an excursion to Sakrojft Tal&o, about nine miles off,
but fully a third of the way was through jungle among the Bard& Hills, where
riding was impossible. It is a small artificial lake in the bosom of the hills, and
has four shrines at the cardinal points. That on the south, facing east, seems to
have been the principal one, and is the only one still used. The so^all mandaps
of all of them have fallen, e^d the vimanas measure about 7 ft* 2 in. square outside*
I found no inscription here.

Between three and four miles south of MukhAnS, is the Vikiya W4v, which,
with the chattra in front of it, is 216 feet in length.f The chattra or mandap at the
east end is supported by twelve pillars, and measures 18ft. 6 in, square. From
this the steps descend to the w&v, which is 14 ft. 10 in. wide, and bridged over
at intervals about 41 feet apart by three canopies, — at one end of each of which
narrow stairs descend into the wdv and landing on the platforms below. The
circular well at the west end is 18 ft. 8 in. in (fiapieter, but the whole is filled
up with earth to about the level of the first platform below the surface — about
12 feet down, and large banyan trees have taken root on the sides, which have
been fisiced with 2 ft. 7 in. of stone in fpont of the rock out of which the whole
has been hewn.

The ^tyle of the pillars^ &c., is in keeping with that of the Naul&khA Temple :
the same whimsical variety in the bracket figures is also very poticeable.

At P&sthar, a little to the south, is an old temple to the sun-god — Sflrya.
It is of the same plan as those at Son Kansfi.ri, but roofed with long slabs of stone.
The pradakshina has had a slanting roof, and two small windows at the back.
One pillar of the mandap alone remains standing, with four-armed figures on the
brackets. Ganes'a is carved on the lintel of the door, and SArya inside is repre-
sented much as Vishnu usually is, but with <Mily two hands, and holding up a
flower in each, with a nimbus behind the head, ringlets descencUng ft'om behind
the ears, and wearing a sort of mural crown. Beside him are three smaller figures
now som^whajk defaced: one of theni has been a well-carved female with a mace (?)
in her right hand, and her hair dressed in the 3tyle prevalent ifi the great
S'aiva temple at PattadkaL

A small temple in front of this has been entirely seized upon by the roots
of a vad or banyan tree, which twine roimd the stones of the roof and walls
and about the images — ten in number, each about 2^ ft. high — among whom

* Some groups photographed.
f Flan and three photographs take^i.

GOP. 9

are Ganpati and several female figures — one a horse-headed kinnara — all in a
sitting post^ure, but much worn by time. The SArya W&v, on the east side of
this, is also overgrown by a banyan tree.

Gop.

February 15 th. — At N&n& Gop or Jun& Gop, to the south-east of Gop Hill,
there is a large cavern which has been occupied by ascetics : and on visiting it I
discovered in the village the shrine of an old temple, perhaps the only fragment
now standing of the old city, which appears to have covered a considerable area
round the present village. This shrine seems to have been la^t used as one
of the towers of a smaU fort, the east and south curtain walls of which have
been built of the stones . of the temple that once surrounded this shrine : for in
this ancient type of temple the shrine occupied almost the centre of the building,
and was surrounded by a double court, — ^the outer one a few feet lower than the
inner one and shrine.* The shrine itself is 10 ft. 9 in. square inside and about
23 ft. high, with walls 2 ft. 6 in. thick, built of coursed ashlar, each course
about 8 in. deep and carefully jointed. At 1 1 feet from the floor are four holes
in the back and front walls, each 14 in. high, as if for joists, and over them
in the side walls are six smaller ones, as if for rafters. For 6^ feet above this
the walls are perpendicular, then the area contracts, as in the temples of Son
Kans^rl ; six or seven courses having bevelled edges, but those above them square
faces, until the apex is covered by a single slab.

Part of the front wall over the door has fallen and been rebuilt, but with the
inner sides of the stones turned out, showing the sockets of the clamps with which
the stones had been secured.

On the left jamb of the door is carved ^e line : — ^

E'

carved ihe line : — - - 7 f

It is not easy to say what may be the age of these letters : but I feel in-
clined to regard the building as the oldest structure of the kind in K^thiaw&d,
and probably not later than the sixth century, — how much older I am not at
present prepared to say.

Inside are two figures in yellow stone, to which the villagers give the names
of B&ma and Lakshmana,t — R&ma with a high square mukutdy and Lakshmana
with a low crown, long ears, ringlets, and holding a spear in his right hand.

On the fragments of the basement that remain, are many curious old dwarf-
figures like the garni we find on the Caves of Bad&mi, and on the old Yaishnava
temple at Aiholli ; but the stone is very much weather-worn.

* Photographed from the east, south, and from the top of the round tower forming the
north-west bastion of the fort Sketch made of the roof, and measurements taken for a plan«
t Photographed.

B 197-

10 ARCHJSOLOGIOAL SURVST.

The roof is quite peculiar, being a hipped stone one, pierced with two
chaitya-window arches on each side,* which have all originally contained iSgures.
Ganpati is still in one on the west side, and another Deva occupies one on the
north.

The inner court has been 35 ft. 2 in. square, with a bay on the east side,
18 ft. 4 in. by 7 ft. 3 in. The outer court must have been about 9^ ft. wide.

Jamnagab.

19th Febn4ary. — This town being of quite recent origin there is not much of
antiquarian interest about it. At the village of N&gn4, close by, are some old
temples, but no way noteworthy, and many monumental p&liyas.

The front of the palace f and the Dehli Gate f of the town, both built by
the J&m Ranmalji, about forty years ago, are fair specimens of modem Hindu
architecture. So also is the temple of Vishnu in course of erection by the
Diwan — the * Dives ' of the town — and which, curiously enough, was mentioned
in the last report of the district as a dharmas'&,l& — ^a work of general public utility.
A set of six images of black marble — ^Vishnu or Krishna, Garuda, Sathbh&mft,
Lakshmi, Jambuvati, and EMh& J — are ready for installation as soon as the tem-
ple is completed.

A Nanakpanthi ascetic, who dresses in silks and satins, is one of the lions of
the place : he is physically a magnificent man. S'&ktism is secretly practised
hera

Kaohh.

j^ • 22nd February. — The town of Mundra has been largely built of the stones
of the old city of Bhadres'var, about twelve miles north-east from it. It contains
little of note except a domef or chattri over the pddukd or foot-prints of a Jaina
high-priest of the Achala^achha, § 13| feet square inside, with a small s'ikhara H
over the 'odduka. Round them is an inscription given in the Appendix to Memo-
randum No. 2. The interior of the dome is neatly carved with standing musi-
cians at intervals, as is usual in Jaina domes. Near it is a p&liya with a ship
carved on it, indicating that the person to whose memory it is erected, was a sea-
farer.

At Barai, about a mile from Mundra, is a temple of Nilakantha Mahadeva
or S'iva of the blue-neck enclosed in a small court. And at the right side of the
shrine door is an inscription given in Memorandum No. 2 : it is dated in Samvat
1724 =A.D. 1667. The linga, which is over-shadowed by a large seven-headed
brass snake, is said to have been brought from the temple of DudhA at Bhadres'var.

♦ Sketched.

t Both photographed.

X Photc^praphed.

§ The four gachhas of the JaiBS abont Mundra are the Aohala, l^pa, Soka, and Ehartaragachhas.
% A sketch made of it.

bhadresVar. 11

BhadresVab.

2ithFehruary. — The site of the ancient city of Bhadres'var or Bhadr&vati
extends to a very considerable distance east of the present village, but most of the
area has been dug over for building stone, and we may 'legitimately infer that,
before this trenching up of the foundations was begun, many buildings above
ground had been carried off. What now remains are the Jaina temple, the
pillars, and part of the dome of the S'aiva temple of Dudhfi., the w&v or well
close by it, two masjids — one near the shore almost buried, the dargah of Pir lAl
Shobh&, and a fragment of the temple of Ash^pura.

With reference to the history of this placcj'the following is the substance of
a narrative furnished by Gtoni Hiravijayaji Guru Devavijaya from the historical
accounts written by his grandfather Guru Bantvijaya. The chronology is quite
untenable, but further information might possibly enable us to rectify this : a
complete copy of the papers might be of interest. The abridgment runs thus : —

After BAja Siddhasen's corcmation at the port of Bhadrfbvati on Thursday,
the 5th of Chaitra S'uddh, in the twelfth year of the Vlrat era, his spiritual guide
Gokh Siiris'var came and stayed with him to pass the four rainy months, and
instructed him in the precepts of his religion, which led to his commencing, in the
twenty-second year of the Vlrat era, the building of a temple to be dedicated to
a god which he named Yasld.

R&ja Siddhasen was desceifded from Hari, and reigned for 68 years.

In the eightieth year of the Vlrat era, Mah&sen, his son, succeeded him, and
ruled for 53 years.

Narasen, the son of Mah&sen, then ascended the throne in 133 Vlrat, and
reigned for 91 years. He took care of the temple of Vas4i.

TTia son Bhojrfbja next ascended the throne in 244 Vlrat, and ruled for
36 years. He caused the temple to be repaired.

His contemporary sovereign in Marwar was EAja Samvrati, who professed
Jain religion and built both in his own country and throughout India 126,000
Jaina temples. When he visited Bhadnlvatl he dedicated to, and placed over
the Vasfii idol elephants carved in stone.

Bhojr&ja having no male offspring, his brother's son, Vanrilja, succeeded him
in 260 Vlrat. Vanrdja was a powerful monarch, and caused repairs to be made
in the temple. His reign extended over a period of 69 years.

His son S&rangdeva was after him crowned king in 319 Vlrat, and reigned
for 62 years.

His son Vlrsen, who was next placed on the throne, 381 Vlrat, conducted
the government for 40 years.

Hansen, his son, was then seated on the throne, 421 Vlrat, and held the reins
of government for 35 years. He was zealously attached to the Jain religion. He
was trutiiful, and his mind was bent on the impartial dispensation of justice.

\2 lECHJBOLOGICAL SUBVET.

Thin rulor hatl no male issue, and, therefore, his widow Lll&vati with the
iMMiMtiuu^v i^fhor oxoollent prime-minister for five years conducted the admi-
lUMtiuium of |H>litioal affairs. In the meantime of the two sons of Gandharva
Sv»h» X\u^ >*ovoi*%n^n of Malwa, Bhartrihara and Vikrama, the former becoming
thv* ii>»htful hoir to tho throne, the latter got displeased and left the country.
\Vhor\»upon Hhartrihara abdicated the throne and retired from public life, when
N'lkiHUiu, in hin almt^uus returned and ascended to the throne.

X'ikiKin lu»rauu» a very |X)werful monarch. He conquered kingdoms in
»lilV\Mviit imrtH o( tho country, subjected them to his sway, and then made them
MNoi (o tlioir ioiiuor nuiMtorH. In the course of these conquests he appeared
U^^\^^\^^ lUuMlnivuti, took it, and then resigned it to L114vatl, the widow of Hansen,
Hvlio tlh^nmlVoi it^iKiuul for 27 years.

II wan hi lluN tin\o that liAja Vikram organized the system of castes; and
Ml IU»» viMU iro, iMUiHin^ tlu> (liHoontinuance of the Vlrat era, established his own,
Yt\\W\\ lu» oallod " Sauivat Vir KKhaya", (t.e., the era which put a stop to the
VIih( «m«0. Kih»ui tluN tinio tho Samvat of Vikram dates its commencement.

III I III* i>h»voiith yoar of tho Samvat of R&ja Vikram, Queen Lil&vati during
lioi hh«liiiio loMiHiiod tho roiuH of government to Eirtidhar, a nephew of BAja
tliU'l'<ii«H| who oigoyoil tho hUmMings of the reign for 79 years.

I lhaiiil|M\l, hiN Hon, ai40ondo<l tho throne after him in Samvat 90, and reigned
Idi lU viMU'M. tlo aiul luN father Ktrtidhar extended favourable encourage-
iiiitiil to tho tliihi rrli^fhiii. Hv thoir performance of solemn, sacred, sacrificial rites
I hoy miMuil tho iinportanoo of that religion.

im^ |)hanilpi\l*N Non, Dovmhitta, assumed after him the reins of government,
Kaiiivat lillli iind riilod for HI yoarH. Under his administration there sprung up
illll\«i'oi\l priiiolpalitioN in diiforont places. Accordingly W^hela Vanar&ja of
Mu||iur (taking Hilvantaifo of tluN oinmmstance) appeared before Bhadr&vatt in
Ham vat \M1I| ooiM|\iorou it, and ruled for 57 years. He likewise belonged to
I ho iliiliia lolitfioti, anil oxtniulingi therefore, encouragement to the Vas&i Temple
I iiOHoil io|MilrM to ho uimh) ihoroin.

IIU Noii l((^|a JoK^Ai'^ mio('<H.>dod him, Samvat 270, and reigned for 80 years.
Uiiilor hiM adiiiioiNtration ho poH()rmod many deeds of charity.

Huailityii. hiN noii, niioooihUuI him, Samvat 350, and reigned for 54 years.

(Iniilh nl' Vyiiv^rAo. in Samvat 4(511, KAthisfrom Pavagadh who made themselves
iiiivQtorN of IlliadrA^vnth *V\mv dosoendants occupied the throne for 147 years.

S(ihNii(|Uoiit to thoNo ovontH, Samvat 618, Chaud^ Kanak of Pattan came and
Nul\|MHM(<'d tho kinufdom and governed it for 52 years. He completely repaired
thn liMtipht, rnmoviiig thorohy all traces of antiqmty, and seated therein an image
of lUiiiKviiu

Ohaudii Ukkad wan after him crowned king, Samvat 670. He professed
tho H^aiva rDJigion. Hinco he was aealously attached to it he entrusted the

BHADBES'VAB. 13

government to his prime-minister and devoted himself to asceticism and the
duties of piety and devotion. On a particular day, however, he held a lev^e and
observed how the minister had administered the state affairs ; if his conduct was
found faulty he was removed and another appointed in his stead.

In this manner 700 prime-ministers were changed, and at length, finding none
managing the affairs satisfactorily, he nominated a Mughul to the prime-minister-
ship. Even this minister s conduct was represented by the merchants to be
faulty, and his life was accordingly taken away. He then took upon himself the
government of the country. Entertaining hostile feelings towards the Musal-
mans, he daily put one of them to death.

To avenge this hatred which he bore towards them, the Musalmans invaded
the place, but the invading force was annihilated. It was followed by another
army from Ir4n under the command of Sayyid LalshUi. Akkad BAja got this
Commander treacherously buried in a pit, which put the rest of his men to flight,
and thus the defeat of the army was accomplished.

Shortly after, two Muhammadan brothers, commonly known as Auliyas (i.e.^
simple-minded men, who were indifferent to all worldly pomp and greatness and
bent upon relieving human complaints), conquered the said B.4ja Akkad, and from
that day the Muhammadan power increased* A mausolemn for the slain Sayyid
Lalsh&h and other tombs were at this time built.

In honour of the distinguished slain certain fairs are held up to this day,
when their tombs are visited by pilgrims. In Samvat 747 one thousand pillared
mosques were erected.

Akkad El&ja reigned for 77 years, and was succeeded by his son Bhavad,
Samvat 747, who ruled for 61 years.

Under his government the state affairs were in a disordered condition.
On his death the Solanki Rajputs of Bhangadh came and conquered the king-
dom, Samvat 798, when the name Bhadrivati was changed into Bhadrea'var,
by which name it still continues to be called.

These Solankis professed the Jain religion, and the first of their kings
reign.ed for four years. Afterwards, in Samvat 802,* one Mular^ja, of the
Solanki line, ascended the throne and governed the state for 59 years. The
following are the names of his successors : —

Years.
1. ChftmnTid ... ... ... ... ... ••• •.• 13

2. Dnrlabha

3. Walabha

4. Bhimario

5. KarnaiAo

6. Jajasinha Deva

7. Ajajapala

8. MulanLja

9. YiBaldeva
10. Bhimrao

11

G9
11
43
50
33

3
22

8

* This date is xiearly two centuries too early : see the list given below from the best information
we have as jet. ' It is curious to find Kumarapala omitted from this one.

197 <2

ABCH2DL0QICJ

Subsequently, Bhimr^o'a son, Naughan, of the Solanki race, filled the throne,
Samvat 1124, and reigned for Go years. During his administration the king-
dom was split into fragments and infested by robbers and plunderers. An army
was consequently required to be raised under the care of Wsk S'rimiili Bania
of the name of Shola, who supplied it with provisions, clothes, and money. In
lieu thereof the rftja conveyed to hira by a writing the enjoyment of a girds,
wlien all the affairs in connection with it were transacted by Sholi for 27 years,
and after him by his descendants — Hiras'S. Popata'4 and SonasS, — for 33 years.
Eventually in Samvat 1182 one Jagdevasd, who became a very distin-
guished merchant, received Bhadres'var in his charge from Rija Naughan,
from whom lie obtained a charter which transferred to him In absolute right of
enjoyment for ever, or so long as the sun and moon continued to revolve.
Jagdus'a caused the VasM Temi)le to be repaired on an extensive scale, removing
thereby all traces of antiquity, and the form of worship therein observed was
after the Jain religion. In his time there arrived a religious instructor of that
faith, named Deva Sun, who apprised him of an approaching famine, at the com-
mencement of the new century, that was to last for twelve years, and told him
that if he made a liberal distribution of food he would earn a great reputation.
In confoi-mity with this instruction he sent for grain from different countries and
stored it up. In Samvat 1204 (a.d. 1148) the predicted famine commenced and
lasted up to Samvat 1215.

Men suffered many evils ; even sovereigns sought grain from Jagdus'd and
lived upon it. The merchant granted it with an unsparing hand. Subsequently,
in Samvat 1215, among a large concourse of people dining at the merchant's
house, there appeared one person who sat and continued eating for a long time.
When he had eaten to satiety he identified himself with the famine of the J 5th
year, and declared that he would never now return. So saying he went his way,
and this then became well known over the land.

Jagdus'd had retained Waghcla Naughan in his service, who cwiducted the
administration, and at last this distinguished merchant in Samvat 123S breathed
his last. He had no male issue, and consequently Waghela Naughan and his
vakils — AjarAmal SAntidtls and NagindS,s — managed the affairs. One of them,
NagindAs, visited Pattan and returned along with the pilgrims who accom]mnied
the Dasa S'rimdli Bania^Vastupilla Tejpala, a kArbhilri of the sovereign of that
place, to Bhadres'var. The pilgrims were hospitably and so well entertained by
WSghela Naughan that the HrbhAri on his returning home, Samvat 12S6,
managed to get SArangdeva, a grandson of Naughan, married to the daughter of
Viradhaval, the sovereign of Pattan (a.d. 1214 — 1243). Waghelas and Banias
thus conjointly wielded the government of the country, thus ; —
BanUs. WigheUs. Yesra.

Ajar&mal ... Nnnghaa ... 48

Nagiod&s ... S&rangdeva ... l<i

Of these the last -mentioned rulers, Nagindas and Waghela S^rangdeva,
instituted at Vasdi a sadavrit — a permanent establishment for the dispensation
of alms to the poor, and greatly promoted the influence of the Jain religion by

bhadbesVab. 15

their performance of highly charitable acts. It was under their administration
that a Bania, Uja A.danJA, who came on a pilgrimage to Yas4i, built a large
temple; his sister Boladi also erected another.

J4m Halla Gajanji visited Bhadrav&ti with the object of treacherously put-
ting the WAghelas and Banias simultaneously to death, but finding no op-
portunity to accomplish his aim, he was ultimately expelled by the Waghelas,
when he sought refuge in Vljan. Notwithstanding this, Wdghola Sdrangdeva,
entertaining great anxiety for the Vasai Temple, spent all his accumulated
wealth in dispensing alms, and entrusted the conduct of the ecclesiastical functions
of the temple to a high-priest under the title of a " Gothi ". Jam Harbhamji at
this time returned from Vijan, and founded in the vicinity of Bhadres'var a town
of the name of P^vadialu. The following table gives the names of the high-
priests, or ** Gothis " as they came to be designated, who officiated at the temple,
and the years during which they continued in office : —

Years;

Gotbi Elarsandas ... ... ... ... ... ... 32

„ Sundarji ... ... .., ... ... ... 41

Wftlif *»*>

„ * V «A^ 1 1 ... ... ... ... ... ... %Jmi

•a A^ A VHlCllapUCK ... ••• • ••• ... »•• ... ^'z'

„ Sdntid&s ... ... ... ... ... ... 31

„ Motichand ... ... ... ... ... .. 35

mm 1^ lYw •*•• ••• ••• •••• ••• ••• *■ V

These were the ministers of the temple, and after them Gothi Pit^mbardas
was invested with the sacerdotal power, Sam vat 1581. He officiated for thirteen
years. During the time he continued in office the administration of state affairs
was not satisfactory* Everywhere rebellions broke out. It was now that the
Jada race rose to eminence, and a dissension ensued between the BAo Khengarji
and J4m R&waL The R4o with the assistance of the sovereign of AhmedSbad
entered Kachh, when the Jam marching from the town of Pavadialu subdued
. Bhadres'var and defended it with troops.

Gothi Pit4mbard^s prayed him that he might receive the temple under his
protection. J4m EAwal assured him he might at ease perform his service at the
temple. The valour of Rao Khengarji struck J4m Er4wal, a descendant of Jam
Harbhamji, with confusion. He then sought the advice of a spiritual guide,
A'nand Vimal Sfiris'var, who had come hither concerning his future interests.
He was advised to proceeded to Halar and conquer the reigning Jethwa family.
Actuated by this advice he set out by a sdtmargi way (i.e., a way having seven
branches). At his departure he placed twelve of the Bhadres'var Chovisi
towns — Hatdee, Pavdialo, Bharodio, Badko, Kukadsar, Wadalo, Luni, Kuva, Ranu-
padar, Chokhando, Wo war, Bhadres'ar — in dliarwdda under the temple, and
granted other 85, in all 97 towns^ in dharmdda ta other people.

He reached Halar, and subjected to his sway the country ruled by the
Jethwst family. He founded in Sam vat 1596 a town in Halar, while RAo
Khengarji founded Bhuj in 1506.

The twelve towns of Bhadres'var Chovisi which Jam Rawal, as above stated,
granted in dharmdda to the temple under the ecclesiastical government of a

16 AECH-fiOLOOICAL SURVEY.

Jaina religious instructor A'nand Vimal Sftris'war and Gothi Pit&mbardis were
now by Rao Khengarji, in order to immortalize his name, by a lehh conveyed
in perpetuity, as if by absolute sale, to the religious instructor A'nand Vimal
Silris'war. From this date the towns are declared as so graiited in perpetuity.
The religious teacher A'nand Vimal Sftris'war and Gothi PitAmbar having
resigned their office, the administration of the affiiirs of the temple jievolved
in Sam vat 1606 upon Vijaya DanasAri and Gothi Pr^gji, who officiated for 23
years, and the following are the names of their successors: —

Yeart.

VjayaMrasuri ,.

Gothi Narsing

. * • • • Ul9j

Sensuri

Velji

> • ••« ^4

A religious iristructor Kirtivijaya and his disciple Vivakeharkh succeeded
' those in office, Samvat 1653, and as proprietors of the jagh'r discharged their
sacredotal functions. It was in their tmae that HSla Dungarji murdered a
brother-ia-law of J4m WibhSji of Nagar, Samvat 1642, by whom he was con-
sequently banished the country. He ren;ioved his moveables and went to
Gundiali, but being a murderer his Bh^yads lent him no assistance. He pre-
sented himself thereupon before BAo BJifixmalji, who was his maternal brother,
and begged him to procure Bhadres'var for him. The BAo in reply told him that
a jaghir granted in dliarmada, and tolerably well managed, could not be made
over to him. On hearing this he departed, went to Bhadres'var, and made him-
self master of the fort.

Gorji Vivakeharkh and Gothi Velji laid a complaint before the EAo, but no
arrangement could be settled. The matters were then formally represented to
the sovereign of AhmedS.bad, and his assistance was solicited. From him a
pariwana was obtained, which advised that assistance be rendered iti the cause
of charity. It was laid before the Rao, but the Bhadres'var Chovisi towns were
not placed under Vasai ; only the followiQg four towns — Kukardi, Ch'hasara,
ChoidiA and Bagdd, — were given in dharm&da.

The Mo then came to Bhadres'var, Samvat 1659, re- took the fort from
Dungarji, directed him to build another town in GhorwS,d4 in the suburbs, gave
him out of the Bhadres'var gir4s 500 prajas of land, and re-established his own
jurisdiction over the place.

Even Dungarji on this occasion placed four fields under the Vas&i Temple
in dharm&da.

On the death of Gothi Velji, the high-priest of Vas&i, the guardianship of
the temple came to be entrusted to Gothis Moti, Hira, Naima, and Rama.
These for 106 years watched over the interests of the jaghir, when, Samvat
1665, in the time ofPurushrftm an army of Mosum Beg entered and considerably
devastated it. Bhadres'var was plundered, the idols of the temple were mutilated,
and there yf9^ a general flight oi the people.

BHADBBS^VABi 17

Gothi R&ma died in 1784 and Qothi Manord^s succeeded him as the guar-
dian of the j4ghir. He continued in office for 16 years. Grothi Bagwand&s
succeeded him in Samvat 1800, and officiated for 32 years. He could not
efficiently watch the interests entrusted to his care, so that before the appearance
of the army of Balandkban, Kukardi and other possessions had severed their con-
nection with Vas4i.

Gorji EIranti Vijayaji on personally representing the state of things to the
Rao at BJiuj, an arrangement was secured for the restoration of the lost gir&s.

Now, Samvat 1817, H414 Dungarji's brother, Kubarji, who was received by
Thakur Punja, a k^rbhslri of BAo Ghodeji, in his service, accompanied his master
to H41as, when the latter was disturbed by the R4o. Kubarji's giras passed on
this occasion into the hands of the Darb&r, while Dungarji's descendants continue
in the emjoyment of their own.

The H&Us now began dismantling the walls, &c., of the fort, a circum-
stance which gave rise to a tumult in which Gothi BAma was slain. His brother
Gothi Bhagwand^s having complained to the Bhuj Darb&r concerning those
proceedings, Samvat 1820, or a.d. 1764, three saw&rs and 50 footmen were sent
as m&sals on them. Notwithstanding this, their men on their behalf and the
people in the neighbourhood carried away the stones from the temple and ruined
buildings. Among others one Jeth4, who was a meht4 of those H41&S, built of
these stones a dwelling-house for a gosain and a temple in the town.

VasAi, being thus reduced to this evil state, Goiji Khantvijayaji undertook
in Samvat 1862 to protect its interests ; and all the repairs that were made till
Samvat 1907 (a.d. 1841) cost Rs. 17,000. From Samvat 1907 the temples
have been closed, and the Banias at the advice of Gorji Khantvijayaji have em-
ployed a EAjgarh Eaghanath, by whom they get the usual rites of worship per-
formed.

The chronology of the above is very loose : the list of the Pattan Solankis
and W&hgelas stands thus : —

Mular&ja Samvat 998-1053 = 55 years.

Ch&mand
Valabha
Durlabha
Bhima Raja

• a.

Kama Rajaor Visaldeva „ 1129-1149 = 20 „

„ 1149-1198 = 49 „
„ 1198-1229 = 31 „

Jayasinbadeva. . .
Eum&rap&la ...
Ajayap&la

Malar&ja II

Bhimadeva II

Vvia Dhaval Waghela
VisalDeva
AijaQdeva
S&rangdeva ...
Lagha Kama ...

„ 1053-1066 = 12i „
„ 6 months.

„ 1066-1077 = 11 years.

„ 1077-1129 = 52 „

„ 1229-1232 = 3 „

„ 1232-1234 = 2 „

„ 1234-1270 == 36 „

„ (?) 1300 (?)

„ 1300-1318 = 18

„ 1318-1331 = 13

„ 1331-1335 = 4

„ 1335-1360 = 35 „

The DudM Wkv has been a large an4 substantial one, without much archi-
tectural ornamentation about it. Over it is a lintel 17 ft. 7 in. long by 2 ft,
Bl97-

it

a

18 ARCH-fiOLOGICAL SURVEY.

1 in. square. Many of the stones, however, have been carried off for building
purposes.

The dome of the DudhA Temple that still stands is 1 5 fk. 8^ in. over all ; the
pillars are 1 ft. 4 in. square.*

The old temple of Vasdi or Jagdus'a, as the Jaina shrine is called, is the
work of several ages : it has been restored and altered no one knows how often.

The shrine is, perhaps, the oldest of all ; the spire is a comparatively recent
erection ; the two outer wings can hardly be very old ; the arches put in to
support broken lintels in the corridors, &c., are perhaps of the same age ; and the
outside porch in front is quite recent, t

The general plan is similar to that of the Jaina temples at Delwdd^ on
Mount Abu. It stands in a court about 48 ft. wide by 85 ft. in length,
round which runs a corridor in front of the cells or small shrines, about 44 in
number, nine of them in the back end, where the corridor has a double row of
pillars. The temple is placed towards the back of this, and from the line of the
front of the temple the court is covered by three domes supported by pillars.
Over the porch is another large dome. Behind the cells on the left side is a
row of chambers, and at the south-west comer are others, some of which at least
have been used as places for the concealment of images, &c.

There are other chambers below them, entered by lifting up flagstones in the
floor : on occasions of danger from Muhammadans or others the idols were hur-
riedly deposited in these vaults, and sand thrown in after them to the level of the
fl oor.

In the shrine are three images of white marble ; the central one — not at all
large — is Ajitantha, the. second of the Tirthankaras, and has carv^ed on it the figures
^^^, probably for 1622 = a,d. 1566. On his right is P&rs'wanS^tha with the
snakehood marked s. 1232, and on his left S&ntin^tha, the sixteenth Tirthankara,
alsomarkfeds. 1232, or a.d. 1176. On the back wall, round the central figure, are
KausagujaSy indicative from their position that the shrine was once occupied by a
large image. On the extreme right is an image of the black or S&mtS. PS^rs^van^tha.
On the belt of sculpture which is immediately above the base, having a Devi
on each principal face, there are on each side the Devi and on all the smaller
facets a pair of small figures, mostly in obscene attitudes : this is not at all usual
in Jaina temples.

A ground-plan was made of this large temple, and drawings of several
details. Copies of the inscriptions are also given in No. 2.

South from this temple are the remains of a large mosque nearly buried in
the sand. It has been built of large blocks of stone with pillars square at the
base, octagon in the middle, and circular above, having bracket capitals, and
supporting massive lintels 9 feet long. In front of the mehrab are two rows of
columns undisturbed ; of the next two rows little remains ; then there has been

* A small photograph taken.

t The temple was photographed from the south, nortb-east, and north-west ; some small photo-
graphs of details were also taken.

BHUVAD — ANJAR. 19

a wall, and outside it other four lines of columns ; and beyond them are some
others, probably belonging to the porch.

Pir IA\ Shobah's place has a round dome on eight pillars set against the
walls : outside, however, this dome is a square pyramid, and contracts upwards
by steps.

The roof of the porch is flat and divided into 9x3 small squares, each with
a lotus flower inside. Round the architrave, above the vine-ornamented wall-
head course, is a deep line of Arabic inscription in square Kufic characters.
There are two lines of this on the right-end wall. The mehrab is a plain semi-
circular recess without any sculpture about it. The building stands in a small
enclosure formed by a rough rubble wall built on the more solid foundation of
the original court wall. In this court are some graves with inscriptions in the
square Kufic character.

South-west from this last is another mosque, now entered from the north
side ; but the original entrance is on the east side, within which is built a small
chamber, apparently never finished. The porch is raised on eight elegant pillars*
with pilasters against the walls. At the back is a mehtyxh — a plain semicircular
recess — and two neat doors leading into an inner apartment, — possibly a second
place of prayer for a select number.

It has four doors, two at each end. This mosque is built of pretty large
stones most accurately jfiinted, and all the roofs are of flat slabs. The doors
have drips over them, and the two into the front apartment have semicircular
arches ; the others, lintels. The architraves are carved with neat veli or creeper
patterns and with large flowers below, where the Jains employ human forms.

Bhuvad, 27id March. — The temple of Bhav&nes'vara MahMeva here is much
ruined — the roof of the shrine having entirely fallen in. The mav-iap measures
31| ft. by 39:J^ inside, and is supported by 31 pillars and 4 pilasters — 18 on the
screen wall and 12 of them round the dome, which covers 22 feet 9 inches square
inside the columns. The pillars are square to about one-third their height, then
octagon, and lastly round. The shrine has been a large one, fully 23 ft. square,
domed on twelve pilasters 18 in. by 12 in., with four-armed figures on the brackets.
The brackets of the columns of the mandap are plain, but a plinth of 9 or 10 in.
deep above the bracket is carved with a raised geometrical pattern. The fronts
of the brackets are also carved as in those of the BhadresVar Temple.

There is an inscription on the pilaster to the right of the shrine door, dated
8. 1346=A.D. 1289-90, but of the 20 lines of which it consisted only a few letters
here and there can be read : it is given in No. 2.

The temple has been built of stones the whole thickness of the walls.

Over the shrine door is a Devi, probably Bhavdni.

Wi March. — Anjar. In this town the temple of Mddhavnlo is a Vaishnava
shrine with a domed mandap, the floor laid with black and white marble. The
image is of black marble decked out in petticoats, like a child's dolL and placed on
a table overlaid with silver, under which is the imao^e of Garuda. The shrine doors

* Drawn.

20 ARCH-fiOLOGICAL SURVEY.

are also plated with silver, and bear an inscription by the donor dated in 1869 a.d.
On some of the eight pilasters that support the dome are carved mermaids and
ndgd figures. There is also a fountain in the middle of the floor, but the pipe is
out of order.

MohanrS,i's Temple is smaller and plainer, with a neatly carved wooden door.
It is also a Vaishnava shrine, the idols being Krishna, >vith EAdh^ on his left
and Chatturbhuj — the four-armed Vishnu — on his right, small paltry images that
would not pass as good dolls. This temple was rebuilt some 50 or 60 years ago.

Amb^ Mdta's Temple and the adjoining math or monastery are built of frag-
ments of older temples. To a room over the gateway of the enclosure is a door
of hard reddish stone, carved all round,* which, from the repetition of Devi on the
jambs and lintel, may have belonged to a Vaishnava or S'SJita temple ; sculptured
slabs also lie about, and are built into the walls. The math belongs to the Atlts
of Ajaipala.

Ajaip41a's place is outside the walls, and is a small modem-domed room,
with images of Ajaip&la on horseback, and of Ganpati — both well smeared with
red paint. At the door are two inscriptions dated in a.d. 1842 ; but the Atits,
who wear pagdis of brick-red colour, and have a good revenue from the state,
could not give much information respecting their patron saint, whom they wor-
ship, except that he was a Chauhan king of Ajmer, who abdicated his throne,
became an ascetic, and ended his days as a samddi by a voluntary death.

They are a S^aiva sect, and the Nandi, or sacred bull, with brass horns occupies
a prominent point on the platform facing the door of the shrine.

Their pirs or gurus are buried around, and the chattris, or smalls cells, over
their remains are marked by the linga.

Jaisal was a J4deja R4jput of Ked4na, near Tun4, who with his wife Turi
Kathi4n4 gave themselves up to a voluntary death about four hundred years ago,
and like Ajaipdla they now enjoy divine honours.

Their shrine is a small tile-roofed room with Musalman-like tombs in it of
Jaisal, Turi and a Banya devotee. Round the place are a number of small
chattris over p41iyas. This shrine has also an allowance from the Darb&r.

It would be of interest if some one who has opportunity would investigate
the history and peculiarities of these Atits of Ajaipila and Jaisal.

KlanesVara Mate's Temple is also outside the walls, and is comparatively
modem, with a dancing yogini as its goddess. In front of the Nandi is a tortoise.

Wankal M&t4s, on the north-east of the town, is also dedicated to a form of
Bahavani.

Bades'vara is at some distance to the south-east of the town : the shrine and
s'ikhar are probably old, but it has been repaired, and the mandap rebuilt in re-
cent times. On the withdrawn faces round the shrine is carved the lion-bodied
figure remarked elsewhere, but here with a considerable diversity of heads — in
this differing from those on Muni B4w4s'.

♦ Drawn.

BHITJ. 21

On the west of the town a new temple is being built to Dw4rkanath, and
close to it is an unfinished one to Bahuchei4ji, with three shrines on as many sides
of the intended mandap. Bahucher^ji is the *' looking-glass '' goddess, before
whom the votary worships his own image in a piece of silvered glass. This is
practical Hinduism, groping in childish superstition in spite of the beautiful
moral maxims that are to be found in Sanskrit literature.

The other two shrines are dedicated to BhavAni and the Linga,

Bhuj..

March 9th. — The mosque inside the gate of the city is remarkable for the
thickness and closeness of the piers, of which there are four lines, each 3 ft. 10 in.
by 5 ft. 5 in. to 5 ft. 11 in., separated by aisles 1 ft. 10 in. wide, except the central
one, which is 3 ft. 2 in. wide. The bays are 9 ft. 3 in. wide by 46 ft, 4 in. — the
length of the building inside.

Beyond the Residency are the mausolea of the Bios of Kachh. The older
ones are chattris, but most of them were more or less damaged by the earth-
quake in 1819, and no attempt seems to be ever made to repair any tomb that
is going to ruin. E,io L4khaji's is the largest and finest. It was built about
1 770, but, like the older one behind it, it is going to ruin, the south porch having
fallen. The central dome covers an apartment surrounded by a wall with a
door on the east. Across the floor of this is a line of sati stones, — R4o L^khA
being represented on horseback in the centre with seven satis on the left and
eight on the right. On the twelve pillars of this dome are dancing females, and
on one a mermaid,* all about 5 ft. high, and at the entrance are two chobdars.
•On the capitals are smaller figures, musicians, &c., about 3 ft. high, including
their supports, but some of these are damaged.f Since sati was given up, the
BAqs are denied the honour of a chattri on their tombs.

There are a number of shrines and Musalman darghas, &c., about Bhuj, but
nothing of great age or specially deserving of notice.

11th March. Keda. — At this place, about 13 miles south of Bhuj, is an old
S'aiva temple, of perhaps the end of the tenth century, thrown down by the
earthquake of 1819. The shrine J still stands, and measures 8 ft. 6 in. square
inside, with walls 2 ft. 7 in. thick, surrounded by a pradakshina 2 ft. 6 in. wide :
the vimana measuring 24 ft. over all. This temple has been built partly of red
and partly of a yellowish stone, very hard, and standing exposure very well. Of
the mandap, which was 18 ft. 9 in. wide, only a part of the north wall with one
window in it is left : all the rest lies a heap of ruins, and the amlas'ila of the
s'ikhar lies outside — a block about 6 ft. in diameter.

The sculpture on the walls has been superior to the usual run of such work,§
and the ornamental work on the spire has been largely undercut : it represents
the outlines of a chaitya window repeated with human figures between.

To the south-east of Ked4 is a small village on a rising ground, above which
is the place of Pir Ghulam Ali. It is surrounded by trees, and there are few

• Sketched.

t A photograph was taken of this tomb with those in the vicinity of it.

J Photographed both from the east and west.

§ Some specimens sketched.

i^ 197—/

22 ARCH^OLOGICAL SURVEY,

prettier places than this perhaps in Kachh. The principal buildings within the
enclosure are — 1, the dargah, facing the east, with one large dome, and in front
of it three smaller ones. Inside is the tomb under a canopy supported by twelve
small columns of the usual Muhammadan style. Against the pall hes the pho-
tograph of a Mughal pir, a water-colour portrait of Ali, with a nimbus round his
head, and below him Hasan and Husain, dso with aureoles ; and in a third frame
Muhammad in a blue chogah, but the face left blank, — a curious compromise be-
tween the prohibition in the Qoran (Surah, V. 92) and the desire for a palpable
representation of the objects of reverence. Looking-glasses, glass balls of all
colours, cloth-parrots that look like purses, &c. &c., are hung up as votive ofier-
ing. The verandah or vestibule is 28 ft. long inside, and the doors of copper
bronze. 2nd, a canopy or chattra in front of the dargah, with a flat roof and
balconies on each side, stands in the middle of the quadrangle. 3rd, Dadi Ali
Shah's Dargah or cenotaph has lantern minarets, and is a neat plain building with
three doors in front and two in the east end. The roof is supported by two arches
the whole width of the building. It contains no tomb, the body having been
buried in Iran. The doors of both the dargahs have the projecting shield be-
tween floral ornamentation found at Mahijl Sahiba's tomb at Junfigarh and on the
palace, &c., at Jamnagar. The windows are of pierced stone, the patterns being
very simple ones, and all well white-washed.

The buildings were erected about 80 years ago, Ghulam Ali Sh&h having
died at Kurrachee about 1792. He was a Persian, and the estate attached to this
establishment is said to yield 50,000 koris, or between 18,000 and 19,000 rupees,

which is distributed in charity, kc.

«

KOTAI.

15th March. — From Keda I had to return by Bhuj, from which marching
northwards to the shores of the Ran I came to Kot&i, where are the remains of an
old city with several ruined temples of perhaps the earlier part of the tenth cen-
tury. That known as EA L^M's, ascribed to L^hft Phulani, who is said to
have had his capital here, is built of the yellowish and red stone used also at
Kedd, and is roofed in a peculiar way. The aisles are covered by a sort of groins,
like the side aisles in some chaitya caves ; the nave is covered in the same way aa
at Ambarnath Temple, the central area being covered with massive slabs hollow-
ed out in the centre in which a pendentive has been inserted, and outside it has
a slanting roof divided into four sections of slightly different heights, that next
to the spire being the highest, and the remote end the lowest : each section is
terminated by a neatly-carved gable end.*

The whole has been built without any cement, and most of the stones are hol-
lowed out on the under or inner side as if for the purpose of making them lighter.

The porch has long since fallen away. The door of the temple has been
neatly carved with the nine graha, or patrons of the planets, over the lintels : the
iambs are ali^o carefully sculptured. In the mandap are four pillars 9 ft. 4 in.

• Photographed,

KOTAI. 23

to the top of the bracket and with a square block sculptured below the bracket,
and six pUasters apparently inserted for the sake of uniformity only, for they are
not of any structural use.

The shafts are 5 ft. 11 in. high, supporting a plinth 10 in. high, on which stands
a block carved with colonnettes at the comers, and crowned with an amWila-
shaped member, the faces of the block being sculptured with figures of men and
elephants. The total height is 8 ft. 5 in. *

Among the four-armed figures on the brackets of the columns one is a
female, and one has a face on the abdomen as at Aiholli.

In the window recesses are also pilasters with four-armed figures on the
bracket capitals. The pillars and pilasters are all of the Hindu broken square
form. The shrine door is elaborately carved with two rows of figures on the
frieze, Ganpati on the lintel, and the jambs richly ornamented.

The area behind the central one is roofed with large slabs, carved with six-
teen female figures linked in one another's arms in a circle, with the legs crossed
and turned towards the centre. Each holds a rod or bar in either hand, the left
hand being bent down and the right up, and so interlaced with the arms of the
figures on either side. The roofs of the three aisles in front and at the sides of
the central area are very prettily carved with flowered ribs, and three horizontal
bands from which they spring.

In two neat gokhleSy or niches, advanced from the front wall of the shrine,
and with two colonnettes in front of each, there have been standing images in
alto-rilievo neatly canopied by a lotus flower and buds growing over the muguts.
Enormously elongated munis or bringis seem to have been the supporters.

This temple faces the west. Of the three small temples to the west of it
two face the east and one the north. The last has been a very small Vaishnava
temple ; but only a fragment of the shrine remains. Of the middle one also only
the shrine remains standing ; on the walls are carved a figure of SArya on the
west face and griffins in the recesses. Vaiaha has fallen ofiTrom the south wall,
and there is a figure of Ganpati on the lintel — which, however, seems in K^thia-
w^to have been used on sun temples as well as on those of Siva. Of the third
a portion of the porch as well as the shrine remains. Over the head of the
shrine door are carved the nine graha. On the north wall outside is Nrisinha,
and on the west Vishnu, both much time-worn.

Across a ravine, to the north-east from this group, are fragments of two
others facing west. Of the first, and higher up of the two, only two plain square
pillars of the mandap and the lower part of the vimana are standing. The door
is surrounded by an architrave of three members, two fascise carved with veil or
creeper pattern and a cyma recta with leaves. The general style is the same as
that of the other temples, but much plainer. On the lintel is a Ganpati, and out-
side two figures much weather-worn. The stones are cut away as at the first
temple.

Foundations still remain on this part of the hill, showing that whole edifices
must have been carted away for building purposes elsewhere.

*24 ARCH^OLOGICAX SUEVET.

The lower of the two is also only a fragment of the shrine, with Ganpati on
the lintel and the nine graha on the frieze. There are no figures outside.

We had now a long march along the borders of the Ran, first to Jhuran,
and thence to Dudhai, near which it was officially reported there was a temple of
Mktk Bhavani excavated in a hill.

This turned out to be a wretchedly small uatural cavern, at a considerable
distance from the village, which had been appropriated as a cell for the Mkik, and
where some bairagis stay.

At Dhamark4 was reported " a Jaina temple of P&,rs'wanatha, built about 250
years ago." There is, indeed, a Jaina temple, such as is to be met within almost
any village where there are Banyas, but of no interest either for size or decora-
tion, and probably not more than 80 years old.

From this I went on to Bandrt, and thence to Kanthkot, an old fortress on
the top of an isolated rocky hill, the steep scarp of which has been crowned by
a wall built of massive blocks ; but it has in later times sufiered severely, and been
repaired or largely replaced with one of much smaller stones.

There is a portion of an old Jaina temple in this fort which had had a double
mandap, but it is much ruined, some of the lintels having been used a century
or two ago for satl stones at the old burning-ground close by. The temple
lias, doubtless, been a fine one, and on some of the pillars are inscriptions, only
very partially legible, one of which is dated s. 133 + , (i.e.) about a.d 1280. It
is so situated that it would be very difficult to get a photograph of it ex-
cept from a considerable distance, and the details are all too weather-worn to
be made out. There is an old temple of SArya close by,* on which is an inscrip-
tion in small characters — from position and present condition not suitable either f oj
taking a rubbing or an ^stampage of, but which might have been copied had I
onl}^ had a qualified s'^stri or pandit with me.

Near a more modern shrine on the wall are a number of graves of S'aiva
Atits, several of which present somewhat novel forms.

20th March. — At KokrS, or Kakr^, about a mile south of Kanthkot, are two
ruined temples, quite in the jungle, both of them S'aivite. In the more easterly
one there is a fine door to the shrine, which, had time admitted, I would have made
a drawing of It is evidently old, of hard compact stone, and has a chaitya-window
ornament over each jamb, and the different compartments of the lintel. On the
lintel S'iva is carved in the centre, Brahma on the left, and Vishnu on the right,
in a very spirited style, with kirtimukhs between. Some well-sculptured pillars
also lie about.

Had time permitted I should next have proceeded to Rav and Gedi, but
the season was advancing and becoming very sultry, and water was scarce and
bad ; besides my information had hitherto proved very unsatisfactory, and much

Image sketched.

JHINJUWADA. 25

time was lost in making long excursions to find that the remains reported were
of but very little interest, and at Shahpur I decided on moving towards Radhan-
pur. From Shahpur the route now led by Bhimfis'ar to Adis' var, whence I cross-
ed the Ran to Santhalpur, and marched first to Warai and next to R&dhanpur,
where I hoped to have been able to trace some copper-plates found about a year
before, and said to be in excellent preservation. This I quite failed in, but it is
to be hoped careful enquiry will yet be made for them, and accurate facsimiles
obtained of them.

SOth March. — SankesVab. Though traditionally a place of great antiquity,
being mentioned by Merutanga A'chllrya as S'ankhpur, contains but little of note
now. To the north of the village is an old inscription, much weather-worn, of
which the date is doubtfully read s. 1322=a.d. 1266. It is on an upright stone,
standing by itself Over the inscription is the sim and moon, and imder
them a cow with a calf and a pig, in sign of a joint agreement between Hindu and
Musalman. A little way from this, on the site of an old fort or town, are two
carved stones, — one of them a circular slab, with three figures on it : the central
one a male figure with four hands holding a chattri, and on his left is a female
cAat^n-bearer, and on his right another female holding a cup and some other
object. The sculpture is 2 ft. 3 in. in diameter, and the legs slant inward to
accommodate the circular figure.

The other stone, about 3 ft. 8 in. long, is a representation of Vishnu on S'esha,
with three figures between Brahma and Lakshml. The males have all square-
topped muguts as at Bad4rcd, while the females have chignons.

In the village is a pretty large temple of P^rs'wanfttha, the lower part of it
mostly of marble, and with a bdmtt or surrounding corridor of small shrines. It
was built in 1811, and is in no wise remarkable either in general style or execu-
tion of details ; and the Pardesi keeper was obstructive and annoying, as his class
usually are in such places.

Near it are also the remains of an old brick Jaina temple of s. 1652=
A.D. 1696, much ruined.

Outside is a neat chattri to 'a sripuja or high-priest with an inscription.*

Jhinjuwada.

iBth April. — Jhinjuwdd&», said to derive its name from a R&bari of the name of
Jhinju, was probably a border fortress of the Balhara kings of Anhillaw^dft Pattan
in the twelfUi century towards Saur&shtra as was Dabhoi on their south-east fron-
tier. The original walls formed a square of nearly half a mile on each side. In
the middle of each was a gate. The Dhamfi. Gate on the north,t the N&gawAd&
on the east, M^dslpola on the west, and the Bilkshasapola on the south, — the lat>
ter now built up. At the south-west comer is the only tower J of the original four
now left standing, and a much smaller square than the original one has been en-

* Copied, -

t Photographed both from the outside aud from within.

X Bough sketch made.

B 197—^

9\

No. 4]

PROVISIONAL LISTS

OF

ARCHITECTURAL
AND OTHER ARCH^OLOGICAL REMAINS

IN

WESTERN INDIA,

INCLUDING THE BOMBAY PRESIDENCY, SINDH, BERAR,

CENTRAL PROVINCES AND HAIDARABAD.

BT

J. BURGESS, F.R.G.S., M.R.A.S., M. db la Soc. As.,

ARCUiEOUHilCAI, SURTETOR AND REPORTER TO GOVERNMENT.

PRINTED BY ORDER OP GOVERNMENT AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS.

1875.

5. S.

Tee chief SECRETARY to GOVERNMENT,

' Peki.i", Bed Sea,
5th May 1875

dressed to Her Majesty's Principal
Secretary of State for India in
Council, and signed by a numerons
body of noblemen and gentlemen
in England, urging the necessity for
the adoption of systematic measures
for the preservation of historical

Sir,

With reference to the correspondence marginally noted, commencing with a

„ „ . , T, ■ ■ 1 o * * letter, dated 22nd July 1873, ad-
Letter from Her Majesty S Principal Secretary ot - '- — -- . ■'.-,,..

State, to His Escellency the Governor General of

India, of 19th MarcL 1874.

Letter from the Officiating Secretary, Government
of India, Home Department, No. 1565, dated 2iid
Jane 1874, to the Director General of the Ai'chteologi-
tal Survey of India.

Resolution of the Government of Bombay, No. 1814
of 30th June 1874.
monuments in India, I have t-o make the following remai-ks and suggestions.

2. In the circular addressed by the Government of India (13th February

1873) to the several Local Governments it was
India, Pablio Works Proceedinpa, distinctly pointed out that it is a portion of the
Febrnary 1873 (B. and B. Civil , . r 'iiV *■ t? ■ * ^ i

BaildinM, p. 19). "'^*y °^ ^^^ Executive iLngmeers to report on ana

suggest measures for the protection of any public
monument or building of architectural or historical interest, whether public or
private property, which appeai-s likely to fall into decay ; and the Local Govern-
ments were instructed to consider the propriety, in the case of any private build-
ings of interest, of taking steps for the purpose of influencing the owners to
adopt the necessary measures fur the preservation of such works from ruin,

3. In the correspondence above referred to, however, a more direct action
on the part of Government is contemplated ; and, in order to carry out this action,
it is necessary to obtain full statistics of the architectural and historical monu-
ments in the different districts of the country to be afterwards classified " under
" several heads, such as the following : —

" A. Those which should be kept up in permanent repair by Government.

" B. Those the f urtlier decay of which should be aiTested by the eradication
"of trees and the exclusion of water from the walls, but which would need
" only occasional subsequent attention fi-om Government ; and finally —

" C. Those of which, either from their advanced stage of decay or com-
*'parative unimportance, it is impossible or unnecessary to undertake
" the preseiTation, but of which it is desirable that a record be obtained
"before their destruction is completed,"

4. In order to assist in securing satisfactory returns of the antiquities, I
append provisional lists for the different collectorates of the Presidency and for
K^thiftwad, Gujarat, the Central Provinces, aud Berar. As these have been
largely derived from native reports, they doubtless include a number of shrines
quite devoid of interest except to a Hindu. They, however, suggest inquiry.
To these is added another list, chiefly of remains within H. H. the Nizam's
territories ; and as these remains are of special interest and but little known
to Europeans, it is exceedingly desirable the list should be made as complete,

L and the details respecting the temples, &c., as full as possible. It is hoped

officers acquainted with portions of the country will lend their aid to complete
and correct this list.

5. Copies of these lists should be supplied to Executive Engineers, local
officers, and others, with the request to make enquiry respecting the different
structures mentioned in them, and to supply the information required in para. 6
respecting each, supplementing the lists by the addition of all remains of interest,
such as Inscriptions, Cave Temples, Old Wells and Tanks, Tumuli, Rock Images,
Temples, Mosques, Dargahs, Dolmens, &c, &c.; and, for the purposes they are
intended to serve, it is better such lists should err in excess than in defect.

6. The returns will be of special use to the compiler of the Gazetteer of
the Presidency. This should be borne in mind in their preparation.

7. It is desirable that all the information procurable should be included in
the returns now called for ; and the list for Satara (No. X.) may serve as a
model : but the following njay be suggested as a minimum of the particulars
required respecting each : —

(1.) Ea^ct locality — Pargana or tiluka, mth distance B,nd direction from
some neighbouring well-known town or village. (This is most unfortu-
nately often omitted,)

(2.) Work — Inscription, Cave, Mosque, Kodi Kol, Wftv, Kirti Stambh, Tem-
pie, and to what deity, <S;c. &c., and whether entire, partially ruined, or
entirely so.

(3.) Age—'' Recent" (under 100 years old) ; ^* modem" (under 200 or 250)
*' old" (from 260 to 500 years) ; or ^' very old ", (upwards of 500 years)
according to report or appearance.

(4.) Style— Whether "plain", " with mouldings", or " sculptured", and to
what extent.

(5.) Size — Some idea of the size of buildings, such as the extreme length in
yards, number of columns supporting the roof, or the like*

(6.) Character — When a religious building, whether S'aiva, Vaishnava,
Sillrya, Jaina (Qemddpanti), Muhammadan (mosque or dargah), &c., and
whether in use or not.

(7.) Inscnptions — ^Wherever an inscription is known to exist, it should be
noted ; and mention made of its exact position, and how far it is legible.
Where it cam be read, the date should be given. And copper plates in
the hands of Br^hmans or others should be mentioned, and when pro-
curable secured for Government.

8. Additional infom^ation obtained after the return of the lists should be
recorded and forwarded to Government. Nor need \qo2^1 officers restrict them-
selves to the lists for their own districts : all information founded on personal
observation is valuable^

9. When these returns have been made, I shall be in possession of the
information required by the Government of India, and will draw up the classified
lists required.

I have the honour to be.

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

J. BURGESS,

Archaeological Surveyor and Reporter to Government.

LIST OF REMi^INS.

I.

List of Arohitiotural Structures and othir Remains in the

Province of Kathuwad.

■ •

1. Ancient Minarets at Lolyana, — some account wanted.*

2. Ruins of the ancient city of Valabhi, now Wallft. (Mentioned J. B. B. R.

A. S., III., ii, 213-23 ; IV., 376-7, 463; VIL, Ixv; IX., xlviii., Ixxiii; X.,
66-80 ; Ind. Ant. L, 14, 46, 60.) Particulars wanted.

3. Ruins of old Sihor, among which are some old temples very much ruined.

4. Ruins of the ancient city of Madhum^vati, now M&how&.

5. The ruined Fort of Jhanjmer, a beautiful fortress of the Portuguese, with

its out- works known as the Bainslo and Bainsli : the former, now an
island, contains some tanks.

6. Ruins of the ancient city of Kanakdvati, now Katpur (said to have been

built by Elanaksen Chauda (mentioned J. B. B. R. A. S., IX. xliii.)

7. Kankai, anciently Kanakdvati, attributed to Kanaksen Chauda.

8. Buddhist Caves in the TaUja Hill. (Described in Notes of a Visit to

Edthidwdr, mentioned in J. B. B. R. A. S., I., 32 ; III., ii. 74 ; IX„
xix, xziii.) (a)t

9. Ruins of Urthda, the ancient seat of the Gohils of L&thf.

10. Jain Temples on the S'atrunjaya Hill at P41it&n& (J. B. B. R. A. S.,

I., 32, 66, 96 ; III., ii. 88). (a)

11. Ancient Fortress of Uncha Kotra, S. W. from Jhanjmer.

12. Bhimch&s, near XJn&, with two remarkable ditches cut in the solid rock.

13. S'iydl B6i contains the remains of the ancient city of S'rilingapura, among

which are ruined Tanks and W&vs, *Sigal S'eth's house*, and marble
remains of Bauddha or Jain temples.

14. Sink Hill in Bdbriiwdd contains about sixty Buddhist Caves. (J. B. B

R. A. S., IV., 366). (a)

15. Wdhari Rup, between Shiyil B^t and Sdnd, has a temple of Wdhari.

16. Jamwala, N. of Kodinclr — ^An ancient city built of stone.

17. Dalakhaniun, — old remains.

18. Dhdtarwdd, — „ „

19. Vejalkot, N. of TJnft, and Khibra Darw&ja, of brick.

20. Ancient Temples on the Girnar Hill. (Notes ofEdthidwdr, J. B. B R A S

III., ii. 89, 94). (a) . . .o.,

21. Rah Khengars Rock-cut Palace at Jun&gadh or Caves of ElhApard KodiA

* No mark is affixed to the yerj many entries respecting which information ii wanted.
t Remains of which we hare some accounts are marked '(a)'.

B104--6

{Mem. of Arch. Survey.l^o. 2; J.B.B.R. A. S., III., ii. 75 ; IV., 365;
J. A. S. B., October 1838 ; Tod's Western India, 368). (a)

22. StMn of MM Ghadechi and Cave of Nau Durgd UitL {Mem. of Arch.

Survey, No. 2.) (a)

23. Rock -Excavations at the Monastery of Bdwi Pydrd.

24. Old Gate of the Uparkot, and Caves, within it. (a)

25. Great Masjid ; Naughan BAja's and Adi Chadi Well.

26. Talao of the Pari, or Fairy Tank ; old Octagonal Tank outside the city ;

Kheng&r's Wkv, and another beside it.

27. Tombs of the Jundgadh Nawabs in the city, (a)

28. Rock bearing the inscriptions of As 'oka (258 B. C), Rudra Ddma and

Skandagupta. (J. B. B. R. A. S., I., 148, 257 ; II., 26,410; VI., 15 ; VIL,
113.) (a)

29. Temples of Damodar and Revati, and Cave of Muchkand, with traces of the

ancieat water-course.

30. Tank of Bhaundth Mahddeva, called also Mrigi Kunda.

31. Ghadi Kota and the Mor-meri in the Girnft^r Hills. L ^ . ,
^^ ^ , . „ f Information wanted.

32. Bordevi >

33. Suraj Tank at Wanthali (the ancient Wamanasthali : — this Kund is said to

be very old, and outside the town are some old Temples, Wells, Ac.)

34. Masjid of Ghori Bhelumat, Wasowar.

35. Jum^ Masjid at Mangrol.

36. Temple of Mah^dev Somanith at Pattan ; the materials of it have been

partly used by the people for building purposes (J. B. B. R. A. S., II., 13 ;
III., ii. 87; VlII., 49-64; J. A. S. B., VIL, 868; J. R. A. S., V., 104,
107, Briggs's Fenshtah, IV., 6-17 ; Eds Mala, II., 396.) (a)

37. Pattan Somndth — Surya Kund, now the Jumd Masjid. (a)

38. Old Jaina Temple near it, in possession of a Muhammadan. {a)

39. Temple of MahAdeva Somndth, built by AhahilyA B&i.

40. At Sutrapada — Singularly fashioned Temple of the Sun, with an image of

Rinadevi, between the town and the beach ; near it a SArya Kunda with
an inscription. (correct copy wanted) ; and another Kunda dedicated to a
Rishi ; also a castle and some other remains about the town, and on the
way to Pattan.

41. Tank of Bhalka at Pattan. (a)

42. Temple of Bhldiyo, or S'eshi Bhusban, Virawal. {a)

43. Ghatwdd has an old temple of Rudra Mahddeva, and others.

44. Kadwdr has an old Temple containing some good sculptures, (a)

45. Kodinar or Mul Dwdrkd, has an old temple of Ranchod and a castle.

46. Ruva Bet and Bhardi-bandar have remains of ancient buildings.

Information
desiderated.

47. Chakra Tirtli, Mahabli Toda, Nali Kala Junsar, and Briila, all on the way

from Prdchf to Sutrdpdda, are reported to have remains, tanks, and
inscriptions. Further information is much needed.

48. Cave Temples at Gorakhmadi ; scarcely known.

49. Tank of Prdchi Kund, and old Temples near it. (a)

50. Tank of Gupt Pray%, near JJnL

51. Masjid of Hazrat Shah at Dilwdd^.

52. Tulsi S'yim Temple and Tank — a hot spring in the Gir forest. (TV. B. Lit.

Soc, L, 267.)

53. Temple of the goddess Harsad near Miy&m (a place said to abound in old

remains). Information required.

54. At Chorwdd, and on the way from Pattan to it, are several old Temples and

Wells. ' " '

55. The Temple of Chorwddi Bhavdnl.

56. Temple of the goddess Purwdi at Purbandar.

57. Temple of Siddhandth at Purbandar.

58. Temple of Khimes'war at Purbandar.

59. Temple of Kedares'war at Purbandar.

60. Temples of Dudhes'war and LankesVar at Purbandar.

61. Temple of the Sun at Purbandar.

62. Chay&, near Purbandar, was the former capital of the Jetwa Chiefs.

63. Khordsa has a Sun Temple and other remains indicative of its being for-

merly a place of note.

64. Temple of Somdditya, near Bdgwadar.

65. Temples of Jodes' war- Bales' war, near the Bard^s.

66. Temple of P&rs'wanath and old Temple of Mah^deva Rdi at Mahadupur.

67. Ruins of the ancient city of Gumli (or Bhumli) in the Abpura Hill, the

old seat of the Jetwas. The principal remains are the Nau L&khL and
a fragment of a gate— the Rdmapola ; and on the summit of the hill is an
old fort and ruined town. (/. B. A. S.j Vol. V., Tod's Western hidia.) (a)

68. At Siddhsar in the Alich Hills and at Pattan there are two small series

of Caves, (a)

69. Old Fort on the Os'an Hill ; near the Temples of Mahddeva and Khandobai

are Caves.

70. Temples of Dw&rka and B^t in Okhamandal.

71. In a hill near Dhank is a cave of considerable size, known as KhdparA

Khodi^, filled up with stones. At Dhank are some small Buddhist caves.(a)

72. In the Kalo Hills in Bard^s, at Kdla-Hadya, near Bhiles'var, there are also

Caves.

73. Sakroja Tank near Rdnpur in the Bardas, with remains of Temples, (a)

74. Thtln, with two small rock Caves, and near it the pretty Temple of Mun

B4w^, perhaps of the 11th century, (a)

8

1

75. Songadh near TlMb ^ ^(^^^ proper, a Temple of ihe Sun recently
rebuilt, (a) - ' ^

I 4^^

76. Temple of Mah^dava^^ Tame tar and many old PIQiy&s.

7 7. Dandusa, W. of Jnn&gadh, an inscription on the DMni W4v — ^a thoroughly
accurate copy required.

78. Pindhtirtha {T. B. T. Soc. I., 267) near Dwfi,rka, has many old temples.

79. Vasi, north of Dwilrka, has a very ancient Jain temple, and others were

pulled down by order of Captain Barton, because th^y afforded refuge to
the Wllgars.

80. Mulwdsar in Okhamandal has a very ancient inscription.

81. BAnpur, 20 miles N. from Walla, has a castle and Temples with Persian

inscriptions of 1048 and 1060 A, H. Rubbings are required.

82. Doraji — ^Up the river near the camping ground, at a little Temple, are

PS,liyas with snakes on them.

83. Jasdanhas some ancient remains and inscriptions (J. B. £• B. A. S., YIII.,

234).

84. Atkot, near Jasdan, where L&kh& Phul^ni was slain by Mulard.ja, proba-

bly about Samvat 1401. Mkh&'s P41iy& is still shown. Can it be
read ? and what is the real date on it ?

85. Bhadroar, N. E. of Mhowa, the capital pf the Walas after the fall of

Valabhipur.

86. Morvi — an old Jetwa capital {Tnd. Ant.j II., 257), — has some old Mosques,

and opposite to it is the remains of the ancient city of Bhimmor or
Mordwajpuri. First half of a G-upta copper-plate grant found here much
desiderated.

87. Itala, near Sarsai in Gondal, has some old brick remains.
88; Ddngar, E. of Rajula, is the ancient Damankot.

89. Bibrd, N. of L4thi, is an old seat of the Bdbrids; has a kund.

90. Bhimandth Dewal, near Prdchi Kunda, has an old Temple of the Sun, and

some small S'aiva Temples, (a)

91. Wadhwdn has Temples of Ranik Devi and of Mahivira Swiml, a Jaina

library, and some Wivs — one measuring 230 feet by 22 ; and near it, at
Khamisana, are Caves (?) (J. B. B. R. A. 5., IV., 366; Tr. B. Geog.
S. XIII. 51). Information required.

92. Halwdd — an old temple.

93. Sita, near Drangdra, with the old tank of Chandrasar.

94. Sdyla has a fine multilateral Talllo.

95. Mn& Gop has a fragment of a very old temple deserving of preservation, (a)

96. Buddhist caves have been reported as existing in a hill near Setana ; in

another near Khadia, S. of Jimftgadh ; at Hingldj near Pattan ; between
the villages of Khadati Khan and Khamardand in the Bardds ; in the
Salemal Hill, N. of Bhabra ; Mewarda in the hill of Kakanda ; Dives'war
in the hill of M&ndava, near Chotila ; at Devagarhi near the village of

Bhadali, S. of Palyad ; at Bhoeragadh, N. E. of Jasdan'; inthe Jogi near
K&n&mitvsL village ; in the Pdlitdna Hill ; and at Dw&rka, but nothing
definite is known about these excavations. — (J. B. B. R. A. S., IV., 366.)
Further information is required.

II.
List of Remains in Gujarat.*

1 . Siddhpur, m the Baroda territory — Has the fragments of the great Rudra

M&la, the Kirti Stambha of which has recently been despoiled of its
toran and the sculptures in the pediment. Deserves preservation, (a)

2. Mudher^ — The Rama Kunda and Sita's ChaurS, — a gem of Ch&lukya

architecture ; but part of the remains seems to have been recently carried
away. It is well worth preservation, (a)

3. Pattan, the ancient Balhara capital — Has a few fragmentary remains

among which are the Rani's W&v ; beautiful sculptured marbles are being
dug up and sold to be cut up or burnt to lime. Deserves attention, (a)

4. Lotes'ar, in R^dhanpur — Has four Kundas forming a cross, and a Temple

of LotesVar Mahddeva.

5. Panchdsar — Is an ancient Chaud4 capital, but no striking remains.

6. Rantoj, near Panchdsar — Has S'rawak Temples.

7. SankhesVar — Is an old Jaina Tfrtha, and has some Temples.

8. JhinjuwddA — Is an old Hindu Fortress, with the gateways profusely sculp-

tured : it has also a multilateral Tank, &c. (a)

9. Vishroda has vestiges of an ancient Town similar to those found at Walla.

10. Champanir — Jamd Masjid, said to have been built by Muhammad Shah,

1484 ; it is of white sandstone, beautifully cut and set, and has minarets
in front, said to be " perfect in design and taste, and beautifully decorated
with carvings, and to surpass oven the Jamd Masjid at Ahmadabad." " By
the ravages of time the building has been injured in many places, but it has
not yet lost its beauty." It is not used. Has remains of the ancient city
and shrine of Kalika (T. B. L. S., I., 140.)

11. Pawagadh — Naulakh Kothars or Domes, and Makai Kothars, said to have

been built by Patai Rawal of Champanir, and used as granaries. They
are " blocks of solid masonry, having walls of considerable thickness, with
domes also very thick." Details required.

12. Munjpur — Has a multilateral Tank, and a Mosque, with an inscription, of

which a rubbing is desiderated. (?)

13. Waghel — Has a Temple similar to that at Mudhera; a fine Tank; and

four-sided Pdliyas.

14. Nal-Bauli — A Shrine of Hinglaz.

* This list is far from saiis&tciorj.
B 104—0

10

15. Dabhoi — Has Fortifications said to have been built by Siddharaja : the

four Gates and Temple of Hira are all deserving of attention, (a)

16. Near PaUej there are said to be old Temples.

17. Bdhucherdji — Has a Shrine of Bahucher^ M&t4 ; an account of its origin is

required,

III,
Remains in the Ahmadabad Collectoratb.

1. Mirzapur, Daskroi — Nuwab Sujat Khan's Masjid.

2. Kajipor, Daskroi — Temple of Bhimanath near Shdhibag.

3. Kalupor, Daskroi — Sakarkhani Masjid.

4. Daskroi, outside the Astoria Gate — Ibrahim Sayyid's Masjid.

5. Khas Bazar, Daskroi — Shah Khupai Masjid.

6. Jamalpur, Daskroi — Khan Jahan's Masjid.

7. Dariyapor, Dp^skroi — Mota Shahi Bagh, 1455 ; Fiiti Masjid ; Chhota Shah

Bagh,

8. Sudhala Khamdaral, Daskroi — A place of Hazarat Shah A'Um,

9. Vadhuva, Daskroi — * A place of Hazarat Kutwe A'Um/

10. Jamalpur, Daskroi — Nuwab Sujat Khan's Rozah.

11. Rajpor Gomtipur, Daskroi— Blbf Jlnf Masjid.

12. Isanpor, Daskroi — Malik Isan's Masjid.

13. Dani Sunra, Daskroi — Sayyid Ahmad's Masjid.

14 Rakhyal, Daskroi — Malik Shahban's Rozah, with Wav and Tank.

15. Jethalpur Daskroi — Rani-no Mehal.

16. Girmatha, Daskroi — Three Rozahs of Piran^ (SthAn of Pir Imdm Shah),

17. Shdhiwadi, Daskroi— A Temple of Somandth.

18. Vasrdl, Daskroi — Temple of S ivardy Mahddeva.

19. Adilaj, Daskroi— A fine W&v built about 1500. (a)

20. Usmanpor, Daskroi — Rozah and Masjid.

21. Shahwddl, Daskroi — Shahari-no Mehal

22. Dholkd — * A Mosque of Balol Khan Kazi, with a Fountain and Well in it,

built in the time of the Muslims, at an expense of about 1,00,000 Rupees ;
about 500 years old ; — Multiv Tal4o, formed by the mother of Siddharaja ;
— ^Khan Masjid, with minarets and arches, ruined in some places, built
in the time of the Sultans at an expense of Rs. 2,00,000, about 600 years
old ; — Jamd Masjid, with two unfinished minarets, and dome on it, beauti*
fully ornamented inside with sculpture, about 600 years old, built in the
time of the Sultans at an expense of Rs. 2,00,000 ; — TankA Masjid with
stone columns, built at an expense of Rs. 1,00,000 in the time of Sultan
Firoz, about 500 years old. (See also Bombay Oovernment Selections^ No.
jtvi., p. 66.)

11

23. R&napur, Dhandhukd — ^A ruined Fort in which there is a Temple of Mdta^

and a Rozah of a Plr. (See List I. No. 80.)

24. Bhiman^th, Dhandhukd — The Temple of Bhlmandth Mahddeva ; a sacred

Fountain and Temple of the Sun ; and a Monastery.

25. Bhadiydd, Dhandhukd— The Rozah of Plr Bhadiyadid.

26. Adawil, Dhandhukd — A Temjple of Kas'ivis'wandth Mahddev.

27. Viramgim — Monsar Tal&o, with a number of small Temples round it, and

the Temples of Krishna and Mahddeva near by, very old ; — a Masjid in
the Gang.

28. Mandal, Veramgjim — Jam^ Masjid, Sayyid Masjid, Kazi Masjid, Gangd or

Ganjni Masjid, WavesVar Taldo, and Rajgarhi Fort.

29. Parantej — Jumd Masjid ; Banch W4v, Eandal Wav; and Temple of Mala-

k^sVar Mahideva on the Bokhi.

30. H^slapar, Viramg^m — A Temple of Mahideva,

31. Daulat^bdd, Parantej — Ruins of a Fort built in the time of the Sultans.

32. Harsol, Parantej — Ruins of a Fort built in the time of the Sultans.

33. Maqarbi, Sdnad — * The Rozahs of Bdwi Alisir and Bdw^ Ganja Baksh.

They are very old, but admirably built, and contain much perforated lat-
tice work. The village of Oddj is given in Inim for their maintenance.'

34. Gogh^ — The celebrated Mak^m of Pirin Plr ; some Caves in the neighbour-

hood; and the Sonariya Tank, attributed to Siddharija, about 1130. {Ind.
Ant. III. 278.)

35. Kudd, Goghd— The Temple of S'ikotar Uiti.

36. Patodraor Morga, 3 kos from Daulat — A large Temple. (Mentioned Bombay

Govermnent SelectionSy No. XVL, p. 61.)

37. Ahmad&bad : its mosques, &c., are known so far as they are described in

Hope's Architecture of Ahmedabad ; Brigg'^ Cities of Oujarashtra; Forbes's
Oriental Memoirs Sfc. (a,)

IV.

Remains in the Bharooh Collbctorate.

1. Bharoch — Jamd Masjid — probably constructed previously to the reign of

Ahmad Shah ; entirely built of stone, with domes; used mostly as traveller's
quarters by Muhammadan mendicants ; is falling into a dilapidated condi-
tion. — The J ami Masjid is a magnificent specimen of an early Mosque,
composed almost entirely of pillars taken from Hindu Temples, on the
site of one of which it stands. (J. B. B. R. A. S., X., 19.)

2. Bharoch — B&wi Rehen Saheb's Dargah in the Dungri suburb — in a very

ruinous condition. *^ The Rozah of Bdwd Rehen is a fine building."

3. Bharoch — ^Madrasa Dargah. *' The pillars are Hindu."

4. Bharoch — S'ethji's HaveU in Lalubhai's Chakla, built in 1790.

12

5. Bharoch — Old Tomb of Sayyid Idrus.

6. Shdhabdd, Bharoch — A Jain Apisard, in which there is an image of P4rs'

wan4th. -f

7. Ekasdl, Bharoch — An old Temple of Mahddeva.

8. Kasak, Bharoch — A great Tfrth, with Temples of Mahideva.

9. Kalamivagi, Bharoch — A Temple of Sindhaw^l Mdti and Ambd^ji. Old

Temple of Somandth near the Jod^sVarl gate, and the Sthdn of Bhri-
gurishi.

10. Bhadabhut, Baroach — A Temple of Bhad^'swar Mah^deva.

11. Kadod, Bharoch— A Temple of Tavar^s war Mahddeva, the seat of the late

Jatrd of Tavard.

12. Pariej, Bharoch — An old Tomb of Bdwd Rustam Sdheb.

13. Makalumpor, Bharoch — A Temple of Mahd Rudrandth Mahddeva.

14. Pangal^sVar, Bharoch — The old Sthdn of Kabirji, with his image, and a very-

old and large Vad (Banian) tree.

16. Kavi, (Saiisk. K^pika) Jambusar — S'r&wak Temples, "built of chunam
with domes and steps outside to top" : at present in use and in good
condition. " The two fine Temples here are comparatively modern, but
have magnificent sets of ancient idols from previous Temples." This is
an old Jaina Tirth. Further information wanted.

16. Kalak, Jambusar — An old Temple of Mahddeva.

17. Chhidara, Jambusar — An old Temple of Mahd-deva.

18. Nadadd, Jambusar — Temple of Renukd Mdtd.

19. Vijalapor, Jambusar — A Temple of Bahuchardji Mdtd on the Narmadd.

20. All, Jambusar— A Temple of NilakanthMahddeva, and a Well, in the upper

part of which there is an image of Bhidabhanjan Mahddeva in a cell.

21. Shukla-tlrth — Omkdres'war MahMeva s Temple.

22. Gandhar, Wagra Taluka — S'r^wak Temple, built in 1619, with a sunk

storey, and a fine idol in it.* The wooden pillars and splendid set of
idols in one Temple are from previous Temples destroyed when the Muham-
madans plundered the place. *' There is some engraved work in the
Temple."

23. Livir^, Y&gri — A Mosque.

24. Dimbdl, Vdgrd, — A Temple of LimbdsVar Mahddeva.

25. Lakhigdm, Vigrd — A Temple of Lotands'war Mahddeva.

V.

Remains in the Surat Collectorate.

1. Surat — Tomb near the Mosque of Mirza Shami in Mulana Chakla, construct-
ed in the I6th or beginning of the I7th century, of stone, and in the style

• " All the above (Nos. 1, 2, 3, 6, 22) are worth photographing ; in some cases for their intrinsic
boautj, and in others for their value as connecting links in tracing up the history of Architecture."
— A$8ikt Bev, Com.

13

of the later Muliammadan tombs at Ahmad^bad. The windows are of
perforated stone, and the reticulated interiors of the cupolas are of rare
beauty. At present it is in a dilapidated and filthy state. The old Palace
of the Nawdb, the old English and Dutch Tombs, and the Rozahs of the
Bohrah high priests, (J. B. B. R. A. S., VI., 146 ; VIIT. cxlii, cxlv.) (a)

2. Sajod, Ankal^s'war — A Kund and old Temple of Siddh^s'war Mahadeva.

3. Pardimukhd, Ankalds'war — Old Mosque of Pfr Sultan Sdhd Ddud.

4. Randel — The Munshi's Mosque, apparently a small Jain Temple converted

into a mosque as it stands. It must be of great age, and is remarkable as
being of wood. In the Kharwa s Mosque, too, the wooden pillars are
Jaina.

5. Jigarapard, OrpAd — An old Temple of Gurur^j Mahddeva.

6. Saras, Orpdd — An old Temple of Siddhandth Mahddeva.

7. Mord, Orpdd— An old Well.

8. Bohudhdn, Mdndavi — A Temple of Gautamanath Maliddeva.

9. Vighechd, Bdradolf — A Temple of Vaghds'war Mahddeva on the Tdpi.

10. Khali, Valod — A Temple of Keddr^s'war Mahadeva.

11. Jaldlpur, Supd — A Temple of Purn^s'war Mahddeva.

12. Eru, Supd— Temple of Mahdlakshmi Matd.

13. Vijalpor, Supd — Temple of As'dpurf Mdta.

14. Kalamathd, Supd — Temple of Chandikd Mdt^.

15. Dandi, Sup^ — Tomb of Bibl Sajanf.

16. Kachholi, Sup^ — A Temple of Gang^shwar Mahadeva.

17. Majigdra, Chikhali — An old Temple of Malikirjuna Mahddeva.

18. Pardi Sandavojir, Balsdd — A Temple of Satl Mdtd and Biles Vara

Mahadeva.

19. Saron, "j

20. Udam, > Balsid — Temples of Mdta, — character unknown, probably unim-

21. Goragim, J portant.

22. BhadeU, Balsdd— A Temple of Hingldj Mdtd.

23. Bighari, Balsad— A Temple of Mdtl

24. Chikald, Balsdd— A Temple of Agdshl Mdtd.

25. Abardmd, Balsdd — A Temple of Tadak^s'war Mahadeva.

26. Pdrn^r, Balsdd — An old Temple of Mdtd on the hill.

27. Lavdchhd, Pardl — An old Temple of Uddr^s'war Mahddeva, and a Kund

in the channel.

28. Kuntd, Pardl — ^An old Temple of Kunt^s'war Mahddeva, and a Kund.

29. Manod, Pardl — An old Temple of Mdnd^s'war Mahddeva.

30. Valsand, Pardi — An old Temple of Rdm^s'wdr Mahddeva, and three Kunds

of Gangdji.

31. Umard, Pardi — An old Temple of Somandth.

31. Udwddd, Pardl— The old Fire Temple of the Parsis. (Incf. Ant., I., 213). {a)
Bl04— <f

14

32. Katdragdm, Chordsi — An old Temple of Kantdr^sVar Mahddeya.

33. Kulapdda, Chorasi — An old Temple of Ashvanikumdr Mahddeya. (a)

34. XJn&i, with hot springs {Ind. Ant., I. 142). (a)

VL

Remains in the Kaira Collectoratb.

The information available respecting remains in this district is extremely
meagre.

1. Dakor — Temple.

2. Wartal— Swami Narayan^s Temple.

3. Matur — S'rS,wak Temple, recent.

4. Khambay — Jamd Masjid, much out of repair ; and S'rawak Temple (J. B. B.

R. A. S., III. ii. 218), — information wanted respecting remains here.

5. Sojali, Mahmudabad Taluka — Rozah of Mubdrak Sayyid, one of the finest

Muhammadan remains in Gujarat.

6. Some very fine old Wells at different places in the districts. The Phir

Well, a mile from Mahmudabad, is a splendid stone construction of the
time of Mahmud Shah, I5th century.

7. Kheda— (J. A. S. B., VII. 348, 908, 966, 978; Prinsep, I. 267, 262; II.

70 ; J. R. A. S., I. 247 ; J. B. B. R. A. S., II. 22 ; III. 2,101),— informa-
tion required.

VII.

List of Remains in the Ahmadnagar and Na'sik Zillas.

The information respecting these remains is very defective.

1. Fort of Nagar.

2. Ahmadnagar — Alamgir's Dargah, a.d. 1707 ; and Tombs of the Nizam

Shahi Kings. Faryabagh and Bhishti Bagh palaces and mosque in the
latter, and Damri Masjid.

3. Mehekri, Nagar — Salabat Khan's Tomb, commonly called Chand Bibi's

Mah^l, — a spacious building on a hill.

4. Khedg^on, Nagar — a Temple of Devi, whose Jatri is on Chaitra Shudh 15th.

5. Pam^r — SangamesVar Temple built of very large stones ; and a Bauri near

the Masjid, south of the Nagar Gate, — These deserve attention.

6. Palshi — Mandevi — Two fine modem temples.

7. Dhoke, near T&kli, Pamer — DhokesVar cave, a large hall and two cells

superior to the Harichandragad caves.

8. Vadg^on Daryd, Pdrn^r — Temple of Dharydbii on the south. Natural caves

modified, but of no interest.

9. Ditan, S'rtgond — Temple of Nimrdj B^w^, J&trd on S'ivrdtra day.

10. Sidhtek, Kharjat — A Temple of Ganpati.

1 1 . Deva Diwtun^, Jamkhed — A Temple of Khandob^.

12. Kopargdon — Temples of Sukles'war, Kach^s'war, and Vishnu. Compara-

tively recent.

13.

Kokamthan, about 5 miles from Kopargiion — ^A curious Temple of S'lTa
after the Hemadpanti style, with fine ceiling, — deserving examination.

Kumbh&ri, KopargAon — A Temple after the Hemadpanti style, with fine
ceiling, — deserves examination.

KorhS-le, Kopargion — Two fine Wells after the Hemadpanti style.

Talegaum-Male — A Temple of Shani.

Kanhegaon, Kopargdon — A Temple of Narsinha.

Vamadi, Kopargion — A Temple of Vajaba.

Kasre, Kopargdon — An old Well curiously wrought after the Hemidpantf atyl©

Rdnjangdon, Kopdrgdon — A Tank with rampant grdsdas on the gokhles.

Vas6, Kopargdon— A Temple of Behiri Sdheb Pir in the middle, and one
of Mdruti on the East, and in the suburbs of the town a Stone Tower.

Rdh el, Kopargdon — Two Temples of RSmchandra — one in the town, and the
other in the neighbouring jungles ; also a Temple of Murlidhar ; —
probably all recent.

Puntdmbe, Kopargdon — Temples of Kas'ivishvi^s'war, Jagadambd, Chdg-
deva, Bdldji, Kfilbhairava, Ramacbandra, KeshavrAja, G opal-Krishna,
Vithal Anapurnd, Badrakdlis'ankar, Trimbak^s'war, Ramea'war, Mahi-
rudra S'ankar, Ahilydbai'a Ghdt, and Shivram Dumali's Ghat, — informa-
tion needed :— probably recent.

Ukhadgdon.— Kopargiion — Temple of Devi.

Ankold —Temples of S'ri^angdth ares 'war Mahddeva, Ndrdyan^s'war Mahd-
deva, Siddhds'war Mabddova, and Kdm. One temple, Siddheshwar's, is very
old, curious, and much filled up with earth ; it is in the form of a cross,
elaborately wrought, (J. B. B. R. A. S., III., ii. 80). S'riranga's is a
modern temple.

Tirde, Ankold — Stable for Elephants in ruins, in the hill-fort.

Tahakiri, Aukold^A Temple of Devi, after the Homddpanti style, now in
a ruinous state.

Ekdare, AnkoId~Two Caves on Slahdkali Hill. (?)

Ratanwddi, Ankola — The river Prawara takes its rise from a small archi-
tectural work. A Temple of Annutes'war Mahadeva after the Hemdd-
panti style, now in a ruinous state.

Kothairaukunji, Ankold — A Temple of Jog^s'war Mahddeva, Hemadpanti.

Harichandragarh Pilnchanai, Ankold — Caves at Hdris'war bills contain the
temples of Keddr^s'war Mahddeva, Harichandra, and Ganpati ; also a
Kushdvart (this ia the Linga Cave) in a ruinous state.

Mhdla Devi, Ankold — A Temple of Khandoba.

Agar, Niphdr — A Temple of Madhjaradg'war Mahadeva,

Kolard, Niphdi- — A Temple of Mahddeva and a Dharmas'dla.

Sarvodwane, Niphdr — A Temple of Lakshami Ndrdyan, with a Sabhd
Maudap.

Chanvad, Chanvad — A Temple of Renukd Devi, and a Jaina Temple hewn
in the rock to the east of the town.

16

37. Sinnar, Pali — Temples of GondesVar and AhesVar after the Hemdd-

panti style (J. B. B. R. A. S., III., ii. 86.)

38. Anjana Hill — Extensive remains of very ancient Temples (J. B. B. R. A.

S., III., ii. 86.)

39. Gotan, Mewasi — A very ancient Temple, (/fe. p. 87).

40. Miri, Sheogaon — Another very old Temple. (Jh.)

41. Ankai Tonkai, Patod — Caves with sculptures, reported to be worthy of

delineation. {lb. p. 69.)

42. TokS, on the Goddvari near Peithan (/6.) Has ancient remains. Informa-

tion wanted.

43. Ndsik — Temples of Shri Rim Panchivati, a. d. 1782 ; of Rameshwar Maha-

deva, 1724, endowed; and of Sundar Ndriyan, 1748, under Pujaris
appointed by Government (J. B. B. R. A. S., III., ii. 87.) (a)

44. Pandu Lena, 4 miles from Ndsik — Buddhist Cave Temples (TV. B. L. S.

III. 526; J. B. B. R. A. S., III.,ii. 65 ; IV., 467 ; V., 36, 382 ; VIL, 37 ;
Bird, Eist Res. 61.) (a)

45. Shinar, Ndsik — Jaina Temple in the Hemddpanti style, said to have been

built about 1450 a. d., a very handsome Temple, but rapidly faUing to ruin.
Old structural Temple said to be Buddhist.

46. Trimbak — Temple of TrimbakesVar, built by Rama Saheb Peshwa in

1770, endowed and under the care of Pujaris (J. B. B. R A. S., III., il,
85).

47. Palharde, Nisik — Rock Excavations, — information wanted.

48. R&msej, near Nisik — Caves (J. B. B. R. A. S., III., ii. 69).

49. Wana-dindori, near Ndsik (J. R. A. S., V., 350.)

50. Karb6, Bdglana — A Temple dedicated to Dudheswar MahMeva, with a

small Tank.

51. Devalan6, Baglana — ^A Temple to the north of the village, built of stone

in the Hemddpanti style.

52. Satdn^, Bdglana — Temples of Devi, Mahadeva, Khandoba, and Mdruti,

A Jatrd is held in December.

53. Pimpaladar^, Bdglana — Temples of Vithobd and Khandobi.

VIII.

c Remains in the Puna Zilla.

1. Puni, Havell — A Temple near N^ajhari, Bhavini Peth — A Temple of

Bhavdni — West of Puni is a very fine old temple of Sangameshwar.

2. Bhdmburde, Haveli — A Brahmanical Cave. {Jacquemont^ Voy. dans VInde

III, 584, and pi. 80. ; J. B. B. R. A. S., III., ii. 65,107.) (a)

3. Parvati, Haveli— Temple of Pftrvati. J&tri in honour of KartikA Swimi. (a)

4. Pishdn, Haveli — An old Temple; has a J&tra and Meld in honour of

Somas' war Mahideva.

17

6. Hingane Khurd, HaveK — Temple of Vithoba Deva.

6. Rivet, Havelf — A small Temple ; has Jatri and MeU in honour of Dharma

7. Khed — Has a Temple of Vishnu. — Becent. — Jatrd held in honour of Vishnii

Mosque and Tomb of Dilawar Khan.

8. Bhoragiri, Khed — Temples of Mahddeva called Bhimas'ankar, built by

Ndnd Phadnavis; and Caves (J. B. B. R. A. 8. III. ii. 106) Information
wanted.

9. Ayari (?) Caves : (J. B. B. K. A. S.. III., ii. 106), — information desi-

derated.

10. Chdkan, Khed— Fort built by Maliktut Tijar.

.

11. KadAs, Khed — A Temple of Mahddeva called Kales'war. When and by

whom built ?

12. Dhond, Bhimathadi — A Temple built by Sukatankar, — recent. Jatri held

in honour of Kdla Bhairava Deva.

13. Kurakumbha, Bhimathai — An old Temple. Jatr^ held for ten days in

honour of Phirgai Devi.

14. NAnaginw, Bhimathadi, — ^An old Temple. Jatrd held in honour of R^sii

Devi.

15. Piragdfiw, Bhimathadi — An old Temple, where a Jatrk is held in honour

of Tukdi Devi.

16. Sirasuphal, Bhimathadi — An old Temple of Sirs^ Devi, and Jatrd and Meli

held in her honour.

17. Vdlakf, Inddpur — A Tomb of the Santabdwd near the jimction of the

Nird and Bhimi.

18. Varavande Bhimathadi — ^An old Temple.

•

19. Junnar, Nanaghdt — Several series of Buddhist Cave Temples. (Ind.

Ant., II., 10, 43; Mem. Arch. 8ur. No. 2; Trans. B. L. S., III., 626;
J. B. B. R. A. S., III., ii. 62; V., 160, 428; IX. cxix; J.R.A.S., IV.,
281) (a.)

20. Piir, Junar — Temple of Kukades'war, of the Hem^panti style, in the jungle

in good condition.

21. Shailarwidd, Mdwal — Buddhist Rock Excavations ; and also at Kondana

to the north of it (J. B. B. R. A. S., III., ii. 54), — ^information needed.

22. Vadgdnw, (?) M&wbI — A Monolithic Temple, with inscriptions, near the

village of Idrdmatl on the way to Junar. (Exact locality required — at
Taramati ?) (J. B. B. R. A. S., III., ii. 65.)

23. Buddhawddi and Bamachandra, ( Said to have Buddhist excavations —

24. Vehergdnw (North), < (J. B. B. A. S., III., 55),— information

( required.

1 104-«

18

25. K4rla, BhAja, and Beds& — Well-known Buddhist Caves; the Chaitya at

K&rla, being the finest, and that at BhSjft the oldest in Western India.
[Tr. B. L. S., III. 527 ; J. B. B. R. A. S., I., 438 ; III, ii. 48, 62 ; IV., 372 ;
v., 152, 159, 378,381, 386, 426 ; J. R. A. S., VIII., 57, 222 ; LordValentia's
Travels^ II., 165.) These all deserve preservatior. (a)

26. Deogarh, and Dadura. \

27. Dalew^di ( ? Purandar). > Some small Caves.

28. Gomuza. )

29. Jejuri, Purandar — ^A fine temple of KhandoM built by Ahalya B4i, and two

tanks A.D. 1755, on a hill.

30. Sonorl, (Malhargad ?) Purandar — Ruins of a Fort belonging to the Pansis.

31. Bor — Several Temples never visited by Europeans, in the territories of the

Sachiva. Inquiry should be made.

32. Mdlsiras, Purandar — An old Temple of Bhules'war Deva on a hill, the

Pant stone idols of which were destroyed by the Mughuls.

33. Piir, Purandar — An old Temple of Nardyan^sVar Mahddeva, built in the

time of the Mughuls.

34. Pdlasadev, Inddpur— A Temple of Mahddeva.

35. Roti, Inddpur — A Temple of Tukdi Devi, built by Pdlaskar M6dh6 Kulkurni,

IX.
Remains in the Thana Collectorate.

1. Kaly4n — Temple of Amran&tha, at the village of Ambarnith or Amran&th,

4 miles south of KalyS-n : a fine temple of the style of the 9th or 10th
century. Though small it is richly carved and of great interest as a good
type 01 its age. In a return sent in to G-overnment, however, it was
described as " constructed of stones, decorated mth sculpture and carved
work; in a dilapidated condition. ... These remains do not possess much
merit in an architectural point of view" (!!) {Jour. B. B. R. A. S. III. ii.
348 ; IV. 374 ; IX. 219 ; cvii, cxxxviii ; also /. R. A. S. V. 177 ; Ind. Ant.
III. 316) (a).

2. Vas&.i or Bassein — Ruins of a Fort and of several Churches built by the Por-

tuguese, some of them of considerable interest. (/. B. B. B.A. 5., I. 34.)

3. Agdsi, Vasal — A Fort built by the Portuguese called Arnold. Caves are

said to exist in the neighbourhood. {J. B. B. B. A. S. III. ii. 47.)

4. Tulsi, S'ashtl — Near this are the Kanherl Rock Temples, and on the island

oi Salsette are also the rock temples of Jogeshwari, Amboli, Montpezir,
and Magdthdnl (TV. B. L. S., I. 41, III. 527; Ousley's Travels, I. 77;
J. B. B. R. A. 8. III. ii 36; IV. 132, 369, 464, 470 ; V. i. ; VI. i. 116 157 ;
ArchcBologia, VII. ; Du Perron, &c.) (a).

5. Elephanta Caves — These are well known, (a)

19

6. Gaur Kamati, Karjat — Excavations known by the name of * Bhingarh *

containing a circular hall and a narrow passage leading to it. More
details needed.

7. Khotala Hill, (Kampuli?) near Puta, Karjat — Cave Temples — a temple, a

hall, twelve cisterns, a pedestal and a flight of steps, all hewn out of the
solid rock.

8. Ambeoli, Karjat near Jambrug — Excavations, — small Temples dedicated

to the Hindu Gods Mahddeva, Murlidhar, Vithoba, and R4m Laksh-
man, besides seven rooms and a cistern, all hewn out of the solid rock.
(/. B. B. R. A. S., III. ii 105.)

9. Hal Khurd, Karjat — In a hill near are rock excavations, consisting of

seven rooms and a cistern hewn out of the solid rock ; one of the rooms
has in it a few Hindu idols. More details required.

10. Jambrug, Kothalagadh — Cave excavations. (J. B. B. B. A. 51, III. ii 45.)

11. Konddna, near the foot of Rajmdchi Hill— A Vihara similar to Karl^ with

other interesting Caves. (16. and IV. 141.)

12. Kovle Fort— PoTtugae^e {Ind ArUiq 111., 100, 181),

13. Rewadanda, Alibagh — Ruins of large Portuguese buildings containing

Churches, built by the Portuguese between 1630 and 1700. 2 miles N.B.
are two Buddhist Caves {Herris^s statistical account of Kolaba.)

14. Agar^wa Mahammadan mosque and Hamam Khana.

15. Chaul — Many temples, tanks, &c., {Ind A rUiq. 111. j 100, 181, 214, 322).

IG. Alibdgh — Two Forts, built by the Angria; the Kulaba Fort containing
the ruins of some fine Temples — good examples of Mardtha architecture.
In the town a fine Temple, dedicated to Vithobd.

17. Vadavli, Bhewandi — There is a celebrated modem Temple here of Vajrd-bdi,

where a Jdtrd is held in Chaitra.

18. Peth Mahuli, Shdhdpur — At the foot of a most striking mountain, on the

summit of which are the remains of a fine old Fort, with some Hindu
and Mahammadan remains and inscriptions.

19. Mahdd— An old Fort and two Buddhist Caves. (J". B. B. B. A. S. III.

ii 43.)

20. Pala, near Mahdd — A Buddhist Vihara, cells, and inscriptions. (lb.)

21. Kulgdnw, Mahdd — ^Vihara and cells, with inscriptions. (16.)

22. Kudd, 4 miles west of Thai — A magnificent series of 22 Buddhist Caves,

four of them Chaityas, with 18 inscriptions. (76. and IV. 141.)

23. Phaitan, N. of Chipalun — Cave undescribed by any European or com-

petent scholar.

24. Lon&d, E. of Bhivandi, — a small old temple of Mahadev of the style of

AmbarnS^th and caves with two cells. Hindu or Buddhist ? (Ind. Ant
IV. 68.) (a)

25. Kusivall, Kalyan — Two imfinished cells.

26. Bhau Malang — Fort, Muhammadan shrine and another called the Palki»—

information required.

20

27. Karbeli, Dehnu — A fort called Indragadh on a small hill — undescribed.

28. Bhivandi — Two pretty mosques, a fine 'Idgah, and a beautiful tomb of

Husain Shah. (Ind. Ant IV. 65.) (a)

29. (Janes'puri, W. of Wadavli — some sculptures of an old Temple. {Ind. Ant.

IV. 67.)

30. Gunj — A tank, with ruins including an old Temple of KS^lkft Bhavini. (76.)

A cave in the mountain behind.

31. Chipalun has Caves {J. B. B. R A. 8., III. ii. 47; IV. 342,) of which no

satisfactory information is available.

X.

Remains in thb Satara Zilla.

1. Mandvfi, Sat&rft — A rock excavation in the hills to the south — undescribed.

2. Pates 'war — 6 miles W. from Satftrft— Budhist Caves. (J. B. B. R. A. S. IIL

ii. 58.)

3. Khadgftiiw, Satara — an excavation to the west called Morghal.

4 Rajpuri, Javli (8 miles from Wdl) — An excavation containing two Temples
of Kdrtik Swdmi, and two Tanks. {J. B. B. R A. S. III. ii. 58.)
Undescribed.

5. Indavali, Javli — An excavation containing an image of Ndga Siddha Deva —

undescribed.

6. Ranadavagonden, Javli — ^The Hill Fort of Pratdpgad, with two Temples.

7. Vajr^, Galdev, Moleshwar, Kussambi, Godevali, Kudala, Raigam, Anevadi^

Narapadev, Tambi, Parsoda, Ghonaspur, Mahabaleshwar, Nimmethaldev,
Bammoli, Bhoreni, Parvat, and Chakdev — all in Javli — are reported to
have Temples. — Information wanted respecting them

8 Lohare Wdf — A small excavation on Palkes'war HiU. {J. B. B. B. A. S.

IIL ii. 55.)
9. Patau (where?) — Buddhist Vihara, Dahgoba, &c. — undescribed.

10. Kamal Bheiri between Karh&d and Kolhapur, said to have unvisited rock

excavations — information required.

11. KarS,dh, 30 miles S. of Sat^r4, — (1) Ahout fifty Buddhist Cave Temples,

four of them Chaityas. {J. B. B. R. A. S., III. ii. 58, 61, 108 ; IX. v.) (a)
(2) The Jamma Masjid* with two lofty dome-crowned minarets stands
in the middle of the town. It was buUt, according to an inscription in
the interior, by one IbrS,him KhS.n, son of Kamaltdban, probably a Tha-
nadar in the years 1566-69, during the reign of Ali Adilshdh of BijApur
when the kingdom of Bijftpur was still flourishing. The mosque and
minarets stand on a stone platform about 50 feet square and 31 feet
high ; the latter rise to a height of about 40 feet above this platform, and
are dome-shaped. For 8 feet they are made of stone, and the remain-
der of the structure is of brick-work considerably cracked and unsound.
One minaret in particular is in an unsafe condition, owihg to a curb

• The following, down to No. * 20 Degftnw', is from the return of Mr. Little, C.S., and, so far
as it goes, is most satisfactory. Similar returns are mnch required fiom other tAluk&a

21

of wood, which had been inserted at a considerable height from the
ground, baring become rotten. The mosque itself is an ordinary stone
structure of considerable size. Both it and the minarets are decorated
with carving and covered with plaster, but not painted. In the mosque,
on the arches and pillars, are several inscriptions in Persian and Arabic;
the following are translations made by the Oriental Translator : —

(1.) On a pillar : " Ibrfl-him Khan bin Kamil Khin bin Ismael Kh&n, servant
in the house of God."

(2.) Round a pillar : " When the assistance of God shall come and the vic-
tory, and they shall see the people enter iuto the religion of God by
troops, celebrate the praise of thy Lord, and ask pardon of him, for
he is inclined to forgive.

(3.) " During the time of ShS-h Ali Adil Shah the shelter of all the people
and the shadow of the favour of God — may he continue faithful and
enjoy health — and Khital (or grant) to Ibrahim Kamil Khan, a friend of
the family."

(4) On another pillar : — " The beggarly, powerless and diistlike and
powerless Pehelwan Ali bin Ahmad Ispah^ni, a servant of God in this
house of God. Sunah 963. Titled Tuzyet Khan completed on this
date. Pray for the welfare of the builder of this mosque."

(5.) An Arabic inscription on a pillar : " May God forgive its builder for
the sake of Muhammad and his descendants,"

(6.) An Arabic inscription on the top of an arch : " I bear witness that
there is certainly no God but God, that he is only one and that he has
no sharers, and I bear witness that Muhammad is certainly his servant
and prophet."

(7.) There is an inscription at the foot of an arch in Kufic characters
which cannot be made out, — a rubbing is desiderated.

(8.) On the top there are the following inscriptions: — "O Ali, there is
nobody young but Ali There is no sword but the ' Ziil Fikr'. God
send blessing to Muhammad the chosen [of God], Ali the approved,
Hassan the elect (of God), Husain who became a martyr at Kerbalah,
Zainul Abidfn, Muhammad Bilkar, Jafar Sadik Musa ul Kazim, Mu-
hammad Taki Ali Naki, Hasan Askdri, Muhammad Madhi; the most
high and glorious God hath said. But he only shall visit the temples
of God who believeth in God and the last day, and is constant at prayer,
and payeth the legal alms, and feareth God alone. These perhaps
may become of the number of those who are rightly directed." " Do ye
reckon the giving di-ink to the pilgrims and the visiting of the holy
temple to be actions as meritorious as those per/unned by him who be-
lieveth in God and the last day and fighteth for the religion of God ?
The most high and glorious God hath said — regularly perform thy pray-
er at the declension of the sun, at the first darkness of the night, and
the prayer of daybreak ; for the prayer of daybreak is borne witness unto

bW4— f

22

by the angels^ and watch some part of the night in the same exwcise as
a work of supererogation, for peradventure the Lord will raise thee to
an honourable station. And say — O Lord, cause me to enter with a
favourable entry and cause me to come forth with a favourable com-
ing forth ; and grant me from thee an assisting power."

12. Tasg&nw — In the town of Tasg&nw, on the southern border of the Sat&r&

Collectorate, is a temple of considerable size and celebrity, dedicated to
Qanpati. It was begun in 1779 by Parushram Bhau Bh&t, and finished
in 1799 by App^ S^heb, his son. It consists of a courtyard and a temple
inside. The most striking feature is the gopura^ or tower over the prin-
cipal entrance to the court-yard, consisting of seven storeys, gradually
decreasing till they culminate in a mere ridge. The lower storey is of
stone and the remainder of brick. In the courtyard is the temple
itself over which is a brick spire. The body of the temple is of stone
undecorated with scidpture, but on the walls outside are rude paintings
of mythological subjects. In the temple there are images of Ganpati,
Vishnu, Siirya, and a goddess, and some of the devotees reside in the
courtyard.

13. S'inghapur — About 44 miles east of Satlbrft, in the M^taluka, the scene

of a large yearly Hindu festival held in honour of Shambu Mah^ev,
to which as many as 40,000 people go. The temple is on a hill, and thus
forms a striking object from some distance. It is built on a plan si-
milar to that of many of the temples of the Dekhan, and consists of a
coiu*tyard, an antechieimber, and an idol chamber. It was built in
1708 by one Baswant Baikhogai in the time of S'ivaji II. The court-
yard is an oblong about 129 feet long and 92 broad, entered from all
four sides by gateways, and contains, besides the temple proper, various
small rooms, a nagar-khdna^ and a small temple of Nandi. The
temple itself consists of an oblong antechamber, 46 feet by 49, entered
from the north, south, and east by three small doorways, about 3^ feet
square. To the west is another ^doorway, 4 feet broad by 6 feet high,
communicating with the idol chamber. This room is about 11 feet
long and broad and 17 feet high, and in it is the image of Mahd.deva
Shambu. Over the temple is a spire of brick, the rest of the temple being
of stone ; throughout the temple are carved images of gods and mytholo-
gical beings, and there are also coloured representations of animals.

14. Mahuli is about 2 J miles east of SatAr& : owing to its situation at the con-

fluence or Sangam of the Krishna and Yenna rivers it is considered a
place of great sanctity, and the dead from Sat&rft and the surroimding
villages are brought there to be burned. It is divided into, —

(1.) Kshetra Mahuli on the east bank of the Krishna in British Territory.

(2.) Wasti Af ahull f on the west bank of that river, is the property of the
Pant Pritinidi, by whose family most of the temples were built. (1.)
Descending the river the first temple that meets the eye is one on the
east bank in Kshetra Mahuli, dedicated to BAdha S'ankar. It was

(3.)

built about l825 a.d. by Tdi SAheb SacliiT, the great-grandmother of
the present Bor-panth. This lady is now about 90 years of age and lives
at W^, where she is much reepected for her many virtues. The
temple stands on what is called the Girzi Ghdt, a long handsome plat-
form of stone built by one Bapu Bhat bin Govind Bhat about 1780
A.D. It is of basalt, and consists of a shrine and vestibule, or, perhaps
as it ought to be called in this instance, a verandah supported by three
small horse-shoe scalloped arches. The dome is of brick and, as far
as it has any mathematical form at all, is conical ; but it is broken up
into gradually diminishing rows of stucco ornamentation, in which are
niches filled with images. On each side of the entrance there is a dip-
mal. (2.) On the same aide of the river the Temple of Bhules'war
Mahadeva built about 1742 a.d. by S'ri Patrao Pant Pritinidhi. The
absence of Muhammadan or Saracenic forms shows that it is much older
than the last. It consists of vestibule and shrine, but the vestibule is
square or nearly so, and has no opening but a low door. The roof is
supported by a few pillars, each of which is in alternate portions square,
round, or octagonal. The front is about 30 feet long, and plain. The
sides gradually contract by a series of offsets, which run up nearly to
the top of the dome, ao that the back wall is only 5 or G feet long.
With the exception of the upper portion of the dome, which is of
brick covered and ornamented with stucco, this temple is built of grey
stone. It has a very solid appearance. It is not enclosed in any way.
The bull is so close to the door of the vestibule that there is hardly
room to enter. It is surmounted by a square stone canopy supported
on each side by a broad low pointed arch, and its style seems to indi-
cate a later date than the temple. In front are a few tombs where
Gosavis and other holy men have been buried. The Ghiit near this
spot was built by Anandrio Bhivr&o Deshmukh Angaparkar about
four years befoie this temple.

The next is on the same bank as the last two, but some distances from
them and the village, and close to the Satdr4 and Kodegdnw road,
which in fact skirts it. It was built and dedicated to Rflm^s'war by
Parashuram Niriyau Angal of Dehganw about 1700 a.d. Looking at
it from the opposite bank the chief object that attracts the observer's
notice is the very fine flight of steps leading up to it from the river-bed.
One flight with its board platform was commenced by Baji Rao 11., but
never finished. Though forming part of the whole structure, it would
lead, if finished, rather to the side of the temple than to the temple
itself. The other flight begins nearly where the first leaves off, and at
an angle of it, and is said to be also the work of Paruahram Angal.
Half way up it on either side is a small cloister of two arches, which
would be perfectly round but for a small niche in the keystone. The
roof is domed and formed by concentric layers of stone, each projecting
over the one below, and so diminishing in circumference till only a small
hole is left sufficient to admit one stone. At the top of the steps are
two dipmdlas, one on either side; on the right is a small shrine with

24

an image of the Trimurti, In front is a bull with his face towards
the door of the vestibule. He is very richly ornamented with chains and
bells. Between his feet is a small ling a overshadowed by the cobra,
with two women paying adoration to it. The canopy is supported at
the corners by pillars, which are square and round or octagonal in alter-
native courses. Above is a low octagonal dome on two courses — the
lower plain, the upper with a few figures. Above this, again, is a repre-
sentation of the lotus, but the stucco has been washed off. The doorway
consists of a porch of stone supported on half pillars. The vestibule is
too small to require any support for roof. The only light it receives
is from the low door by which it is entered. There are three domes :
the lowest is over the vestibule ; next comes one a little higher ; and
adjoining it the highest of all. They are, as usual, of brick and stucco
surmounted by a representation of the lotus. Behind the temple is a
cloister of fine arches like those already described. A small door leads
into a shrine with five small figures in black basalt. The central one
seems to be a representation of S'iva and P^rvati. At one end is Hanu-
man in an upright position with hands clasped together.

(4) . Temple of Sangames'war Mahddeva is, as its name indicates, close to
the junction of the two rivers, on the west bank of the Krishna and the
north bank of the Vena and nearly opposite No. 2. From the bank
of the Krishna two flights of steps lead up to the courtyard wall, in
which there is a small door opening into the quadrangular court in
which the temple is situated. The temple consists of a small open ve-
randah, in which there is a roughly executed painting of Lakshml, a vesti-
bule, and shrine. In front is the sacred bull under a canopy supported by
four pillars. The breadth at the back is gradually diminished by a series
of offsets which are carried up into the dome. The architecture is pure
Hindu. The pillars are round or octagonal and square in alternate
courses, and the roof is formed of long stones which stretch diagonally
from pillar to pillar so as to form a series of lozenge or diamond-shaped
spaces, filled m with square stones of less size. The flying buttresses
to the platform of the sacred bull and the top of the dome deserve
notice. As usual the body of the building is of basalt and the dome of
brick and stucco, like No. 2. It is said to have been built by S'rlpat
R^o Pant Pritinidhi, and its date may be approximately fixed at 1679
A.D. Just below this temple and at the actual jimction of the rivers
is a triangular spot of ground occupied by several tombs built over the
burial-places of a Gosain (named Bans'apuri) and his disciples. The
largest, under which the Gosain himself is said to be bmried, is an octa-
gonal building of grey basalt, surmounted by a low dome. The sides
are open, and the triangular heads of the openings are scalloped and
richly carved above ; a broad ledge is carried roimd supported on ele-
gant scrolls. Inside is a linga and sacred bull. The next in size is
square with a horse-shoe opening about 6 feet high and carved pilasters
on each side. The dome is of brick and white plaster fluted, linga and
bull inside. The third is a mere canopy supported on square pillars

■R'!^^'

over the Unga and bull ; the dome is fluted. There are two others
which do not deserve any special notice.

(5). Wishves'war MahdJeva, the largest of the Mahuli temples on the south
side of the Yenua, at its confluence with the Krishna, is said to have
been built by Sripat Rao Pant Pritinidlii about 1735 a.d. It is of
basalt, and enclosed by an irregular-shaped courtyard, open on the side
of the river, from vhich it is approached by a flight of steps. The
high platform on which it is raised, the low colonnade which runs
round the greater part of it, the short thick pillars in alternate courses
of round, octagonal and square, the lozengu- figured stone I'oof, the
breadth increasing from the front by offsets, and then decreasing in a
similar way behind, show that it is a building of purely Hindu architec-
ture. The length from back to front is about 50 feet. The greatest
breadth is 20 feet, the least 5 feet. The interior consists of vestibule and
shrine. In the wall of the former there are two images of Ganpati and
Lakshml respectively. The latter is of marble. The dome is of the usual
material. The squareness of the form in this and other domes of the
same period contrast with the round domes of a later one. The animal
forms, carved in the capitals of the pillars and the cornices, deserve
notice. The sacred bull is on the usual platform suiTounded by a canopy,
and octagonal dome the niches of which are filled with mythological
figures, and are divided from each other by figures of men on elephants.
On two sides of tho courtyard are cloisters with broad low pointed
arches and square pillars. The Hindu name given to them show that
they are intended, not for exerciao and religious contemplation, but for the
more homely purpose of cooking, or, in a more extended sense, as hos-
telries for visitors to the temple. On another side there is a building
of a similar kind but incomplete. The arches of it ai-e narrowed and
more pointed. It remains to be noticed that at the entrance of the
vestibule is a fine bell ou which I could not discover any writing, but
the date, in English figures, of 1744. I could not glean any informa-
tion as to its histoiy ; but it was, I suspect, taken by the Manithas from
a Portuguese church in the Konkan. In one of the temples on the
Kiishna at Manauli, near Wai, there is a bell which is said to have been
presented by the builder of the temple, the great Nftufl, Phadnavis.
There is a tradition in that case that it was taken from the Portu-
guese, a tradition which is almost converted into fact by the inscription
" Bene sonantibus cymbalis laudato Domiuum."

(6). Tem\>\e of Rihnclujndra at the backof the last, to which it is very inferior
in every respect ; it is of basalt, and said to have been built by Trira-
bak Vishvaniith Pete in 1772 a.d. It ia very email, and consists merely
of verandah and shrine. In the latter are figures, in brass, of Rfiona
Laksman and SitAbiii. The wall behind them is panelled with broad
low arches and painted with flowers, &c. The dome consists of only
two polygonal courses.

(7). Temple of V'Uhold built by Jotipant Bhagwat of Chinohnera about

A.D. 1730. It originally consisted of a small verandah with carved

B 104—?

wooden pillars opening into the shrine by a low Saracenic arch. A
hall or vestibule, with wooden pillars and door all round, was added
fifteen or twenty years ago. The roof ie hung with lamps.
(8). Temple of Krishnabiif, built by Krishna Dikdhit Chiplimkar about 1754
A.D., does not deserve particular notice.

(9). Temple to Krislmes' war MaMdecahaHi by Krishna Dikahit Chiplunkar,
about 1790 A.D.

(10). Temple to Bluiirava Df.ra, built by Kriehmanbhat Talke about 3 770
A.D. It is on a veiy small scale, and consists of shrine and open vesti-
bule or verandah with three small arches. A hall with wooden pillars
like that in No. 7 has been recently added.

(1 1). A temple with a handsome flight of steps from the river, begun by
the present Rani of RatArS. in 1865 and not yet nearly finished. It ja
on the right of the road from Satar&. Besides these temples there are
on each side of the road leading to the ftrry, several tombs or perhaps
cenotaphs to members of the late royal family at KatArS and others
There is some simple but handsome stone carving on one or two of
them. The figure of a dog sitting, which is to be seen on one of them
is said to mark the burial-place of a favourite dog of Rfija ShAhi^ called
the " Veda Raja " from his eccentricities. It is probably the one which
on one occasion he dressed in gold brocade, and exhibited in full darb&r
and for whose use he kept up a palanquin establishment. The doe had
once saved him from a tiger. ( Vide Grant Duff's Eistor;/ of the Maritthds
Vol. II., page 30.) ■ '

SatArS, Palace and Gardens. — This is a quadrangular block of buildings
occupying several acres of ground, and the large open space of ground in
front admits of its being seen to advantage. There is nothing very im-
posing about the facade, the white plastered surface of which ie only
broken by numerous large square windows and their wooden framework.
A low verandah on wooden pillars runs along the ground floor. There
is some carving about the wood work, but it is too minute to produce anv
general effect on the building ; a gateway leads into the courtyard, round
which there is a broad colonnade. The walls are covered vrith paintings
of mythological subjects and hunting scenes. It would be tedious to go
into an enumeration of all the rooms, of which there are said to be 52
as a large portion of the building necessarily consists of the apartments
of the Rani and the royal retinue. On one side of the quadrangle is the
hall of audience, at the upper end of which is a shrine dedicated to the
great goddess of the Mar^thfts, Bhav^ni. It was built by Appa S^heb
about 1844 a.d. It is 83 feet long, 45 feet broad, and 25 feet high. The
roof is supported on two parallel longitudinal rows of teak pillars, 16 in
each row, with horso-shoe arCbea between the pillars. Tho roof is hung
with lamps. Outside are fountains. In a small room opening from the
colonnade above mentioned, are the thrones of B^jas Appd Saheb and
Shahu. The carving in this room is exceedingly rich. The palace

17.

ftUhough apparently one building', is really two, called respectively the old
and new palace. The former was built, in 182021 by the KS,ja PrattlpBifiha.
Tbe latter, to wbich the rooms above described belong, was built about
1838 to supersede the Rang-mihal, another palace of leas pretensions
situated immediately under the fort. The old and new gardens and plea-
sure-house, to whicli the RAja is wont to repose in the hot weather, are
separate from the palace and each other. The old ones were laid out about
A.D. 1824-25 by PratApsifiha. The house is a plain buildiug of one storey
with a large basin for fountains in fi-ont. It has one room, of which the
wall and ceilings are covered with looking-glass. The new gardens, which
are Horaewhat larger, were laid out in the same year for the Raja's bro-
ther, Appft Saheb. The pleas ui-e-ho use is of two storeys, and has, be-
sides the mirror room, a room hung with pictures, mostly works of native
art; some, however, would seem to have been brought from England, and
that, too, at no very distant date.
Parli is the name given to an isolated hill about 6 miles west of ?atfi,rfi.
The fort at the top is called Sujaugadh, and was built by one of the
Emperors of Dehli about 700 years ago. Additions were made by one
Naro BaMl Soni, Mamlatddr, in 1775 a.d. It is now very much out of
repair : over the doorway is a Persian inscription, of which I am unable
to give the meaning. The temple was built about 1680 a.d. by Akab6i
and Daviiksir Goaain, disciples of Sivaji's spiritual guide Rilmd^ Swimi,
to whom the temple is dedicated and who lies buried here. Parftshur&Jii
Bhau Shrigduwkar repaired and ornamented tiiia temple in 1800 and
1830 A.D., and Waijndth Bhagwat, of Entes'war, built the verandah. It
is of basalt, with dome of brick and chunam.
Angapur. — The temple, which is dedicated to Ganpati, was built by Anand-
rflo Bhiwn'io, Des'mukh of Angapur, in 1779 a.d. It is built of stone, with
dome of brick and stucco.
W4f. — At this place there are 49 temples buUt by the RAata family alone,
besides others of older date ; as it is obviously unnecessary to particularize
each one, only those of importance are mentioned. Commencing from
above, the first group of buildings is on the north bank of the Krishna,
and consists of a ghAt, Wiidil, and temple.
(1). The ghAt goes by the name of GrangApuri, and is a flight of 12 steps.
The first portion, 200 feet io length, was built by Garig&dhar HAstd of cut
stone in 1789. To this one Bhau Joshi added 76 feet and BAji EAo II,
80 feet. There is now, therefore, an unbroken length of 350 feet. At
the back of this is a plain brick wall through which a door opens into
the street with the Gaugfipnri Widft (now the Munsifs Court) on the
left and the temple of Uma Mahes'war PanchAyatan on the right. The
Wdid requires no particular notice, and is chiefly visited on account of
the excellent garden of European vegetables laid out by the present
Munsif, Righvendra Kdmaji. The temple on the right was, like the
ghdt, built by Gang&dhar Rflste and about five years before it. It con-
sists of vestibule and shrine, and is about 40 feet high. It has all the
Muhammadan forms of architecture common at the period. In the

28

four comers are separate shrines dedicated to Vishnu, Lakshml, Gan-
pati and SArya ; — ^Vishnu's is on the left od entering, and has a wooden
mandap, the back wall of which is covered with figures, so are also the
outer walls. The great cluster of river temples begins at some distance
nearly opposite to the traveller's bungalow.

(2). A shrine with dome containing a marble bull and the image (not mar-
ble) of Mahadeva DytklesVar. It stands on a low gh^t 75 feet long.

(3). In a line with it, but near the bank on an upper ledge of the same
ghat, is another temple to Gangft, EAmes'war Mah4deva, built by
Gang&dhar EAst6 about 1780 a.d. It is of basalt, and consists of an
open verandah with 3 scalloped arches and shrine. The breadth in front
is 32 feet. The length from front to back is about 26 feet, with the
dome, which is of brick and stucco with blank panels ; the height is
probably about 40 feet. In front is the sacred bull with a plain canopy.

(4). A temple to Ganpati built by GanpatrlU) Bhikhaji BAst^ in 1762 at a
cost of Rs. 1,50,000, and a ghfi,t 163 feet in length built by Anandr&o
BhikhaJL Besides the usual verandah and shrine which is f^^ shaped,
and in which is a huge image of Ganpati painted red, there is a covered
court or mandap 60 ft. by 30. The roof is flat, and composed of square
cut stones cemented with chunam. The walls are of the unusual thick-
ness of 4 feet, which gives considerable dignity to the small arches,
5 on a side and 3 at the end, with which they are pieced. Except the
dome, which is pyramidal or conical and of brick covered with white
plaster and fluted, the material used is grey basalt. The total height
IS about 70 feet.

(5). Ascending the bank is a temple to Kas'i Yishves'war MahMev, stand-
ing in a quadrangular court 216 ft. by 95, surrounded by a wall. The
temple was built by Anandr&o Bhikhaji in 1757 a.d., and consists of
vestibule and shrine. Its length from front to back is 49 feet. The
fajade is about 28 feet from side to side. In the style Muhammadan
forms prevail to a considerable extent. The spire has three rows of
figures and a Muhammadan dome —the mandap of the temple — a dome.
The large ball in front, under a plain canopy with plain scalloped arches,
is carved out of a magnificent piece of black basalt ; the bells and flowers
with which it is decorated are very finely cut. The most conspicuous
part of this building, however, is a covered Kunda mandap at the
east entrance, the roof of which is of square stone cemented with chu-
nam, and supported on 16 lofty pillars 10 feet apart, with neat semicir-
cular moulded arches between them. On each side is a dtpmdl.

(6). Temple to Mah& Lakshmi built by Anandrfi,o Bhikhaji in 1778 a.d.
at a cost of Rs. 2,75,630. It is away from the river, on the east side
of the bazaar. It is about 70 feet high, and consists of vestibule and
shrine, which together measure about 70 feet from back to front. The
fa9ade is 39 feet from side to side. The vestibule is open in front with
2 pillars and pillasters in antis. The corners at the top are rounded off
by scallop work. There is a trap-door in the floor, and the roof is

29

formed of large slabs stretching from lintel to lintel. The mandap has
2 doors on each side, and the porch is wider than the mandap. The
mandap has 5 pillars in depth with 2 (? spaces) wide and on a lower
step an additional range over a stylobate approached by 3 steps and
tread.

(7). Temple to Vishnu, built in 1774 a.d. by Anandr&o Bhikhaji Raste at a
cost of Rs. 2,16,250. A covered court 48' x 18' with a roof of cut stone
without intermediate support leads to a raised verandah with 3 small
Muhammadan arches, behind which is the shrine. The walls are very
thick, 5 scalloped arches on each side and 3 in front — a small chattri
of Garud in front and a marble image.

The following temples are enumerated to complete the list of those on the
river, but do not call for any special mention. The date is a clue to
the style of architecture. The prevalence of Muhammadan forms may
be assumed in those that are less than a century old.

(8). The temple to Mah&deva, built by Govind Pant Velankar about 1744
A.D., east of Kha'i VishwesVur.

(9). Temple to the same by BjLba App4 Saheb Sat6, 1854 a.d.

(10). Temple to the same with Dharmas'ala attached by Chimanr&o N&rflyan

{U). Temple to Dattfitriya, built by a mendicant named Venkoba B&w&
in 1861 A.D. on agytt made by Anundr&o Bhikhaji 1785 A.D.

(12). Temple to Mah&deva by Chimanbhat Dhirulkar about 1808 a.d.

(13). To the same, built about 1760 a.d.

(14). To the same, built by Meghusham-n&,yak Megrek about 1740 a.d.

(15). Temple to Vithob^ by Tai SItheb, the great-grandmother of th^ Bhor
Punt, mentioned as a builder of a temple at Mahuli.

(16). Temple to MahMeva, built by Vishnu Bhat Dikshit about 1760 a.d.

(17). Temple to Mah^deva, built by Venkumbhat Dhakn^ about 1760 a.d.

(18). The R&,8tias Wltd^s. — Of these there are several in and about the

town of Wdi. The only one that requires special notice is the Moti Bagh,
which is a WM&» about 1^ miles out of W^f, standing in a large garden

with water tower and fountains. The ^fkAk was built about 1769

a.d. by AnandrS^o Bhikaji R&ste and is said to have cost Rs. 1,02,000.
The interior walls are covered with paintings, the colour of which is
unfortunately rapidly disappearing. The ceiling is very elaborately
painted and gilded.

19. Dhom. — On the north bank of the Krishna, about 5 miles above Wdi, the
principal temple is between the village and the river, and is dedicated to
Mah&deva. It is built of basalt, and consists of a shrine with a verandah
in front of three small Saracenic scalloped arches supported on pillars
about 6 feet high. The arches are covered with leaves and what appear
to be fir-cones. Beyond the arches there is on each side of the f a9ade a

B 104— A

30

broad band of wall carved in arabesques. The h^ht of tlie building,
including the dome, is probably not more than 40 feet. Opposite the
entrance is a bull of polished basalt under a canopy surmoimted by a
dome. It is seated upon the back of a turtle (which is found in nearly
all the temples above mentioned) represented in the act of swimming.
To complete the illusion, it is intended that the surrounding basin should
be filled with water, which does not appear to be now done* Around
this principal temple are four others dedicated, respectively, to Narsinha,
Ganpati, takshmi, and Vishnu. Several of the images in these temples

are of yellow marble, said to have been brought from Agra. One, which
stands outside by itself, is a representation of the S'iva Panch4yatan.
Four heads look to the four cardinsd points of the compass, and the fifth to
the sky. The five temples were built by one Mah4deva Rfto S'ivarS^ma,
Saukar of Puna, where his descendants now live, about 1780 a.d. A

side door from the courtyard of this temple leads to a gh&t built by one
NAr^yan BAo Vaid about 100 years ago. On the right is a small temple
to K4ma attributed to B&ji EAo II. The conical dome has been broken
short off by the fall of a tree. Below this, and facing the river, is a sort of
cloister containing an image of Ganpati. The arches are pointed. The
date probably about 1780 a.d.

About half a mile up the river is a small temple to Mahftdeva, built by the RAja
ShAhu, who reigned at Sat4ra between 1708 and 1750 a.d., and came to

Dhom to bathe in the Krishna.

.

Two l)anyan trees at Mhusva. — There is no record whatever of the age of these
trees. They are known to be at least 200 years old, and they are
probably double that age. Although the centres have decayed, the outer
trunks do not show the slightest signs of any diminution in their vitality.
The larger tree is 450 yards in circumference ; the smaller about 100
yards less.

20. Deginw, SatS^rA— A Temple of S'ri Pates'war, with large Sabhd Mandap

and S'ikhar.

21. Khed, Satird — A Temple of Vishves'war.

22. Gove, Satdra — A Temple of KotesVar on the KrishnA.

23. Khadginw, SatarA — An excavation to the west, called Morghal.

24. Vame, near Targam, Sat4r4 — A Temple of Bhairava. %

25. Mardhen, Sat4rd— A building at the Krishnft. ( Details wanting.

26. Namb, Satari— A Gh^t. ' )

27. Vadoth, Sat4ra — A Temple of S'akuntesVar on the KrishnA.

28. Dhawadas'i, Sat4r4 — A Temple of Bhdrgavar^ma.

29. Yavates'war, Sat4r4— A Temple of YavatesVar.

30. Ojerde, W6i — A Temple of Somes Var on the Krishn4, and another of a

Vevi.

I No details
' given.

31

31. Bavthan, W^ — Four Temples, and on the Krishnd, a fifth. ^

32. Lonand, Wii — One large and two small Temples. (

33. Kaneri, Wii — ^A beautiful temple of Maruti.

34. At Vehili, Bopdrdi, Kenjul, and other villages, there are said

to be Temples, but of what sort is not reported.

35. Kavte, Wil— A Temple of Mah^eva.

36. Pande, Wii— A small Temple.

37. Mand.hardev, Wdl— A Temple of Kalubal on a hill.

38. Gulumb, W^l — ^A Temple of Meghidambari.

39. Panchwdd, Wal— Three Temples. J

40. Kikli Wii — A ruined Temple, richly sculptured, on the north.

41. Jore, Wii — An old ruined Temple of Dhures'war.

42. Golwadi, Wii — A ruined Temple of GokarnesVar.

•

43. KholwAdi, W&L — ^Vandan Port, with a Masjid dedicated to a Plr.

44. Asle, Wdi— A Temple of Devi on the hills.

45. Rahimatpur, KoregAnw — Two Domes, built by Ramdul Khdn.
46 Nigdi, KhoregAnw — A Temple built by Ragan^th SwAmi.

47. Sap, KoregAnw — Place of Kadam, and large well.

48. Dehar, Koreginw — Elaborate Temple of Vithobd in ruins, — some accoimt

desiderated.

49. Chawaneshwar, Koreganw — Two ruinous Temples.

50. Revdi, KoregAnw — A large Temple of Khandoba.

51. Thadawalen, Koreginw— A Temple of Mah^kdli in the hills.

52. Tharg^nw, Koreginw — A Temple of Vithobd.

53. Nipane (Yede), Valwe — A fine Temple of Malikdrjuna on a hill.

54. Machheodragidh, Valwe — A Temple of Machhendrandth.

55. Mah&bales'war, Temple (described J. B. B. R. A. S. IX. cxcv ; X. 1 — 18).

56. Vite, Khanpur — A Temple of Ravasiddha on a hill.

57. Devar Ashte, Khanpur — An old octagon Temple of Sangames'war, with

three reservoirs of water.

58. Kadegdnw, Khanpur— Fom' Temples of Eknith^ one of MAruti, and two of

Vithobi ; one of the latter with a Mandap in front.

59. Hinganginw Khurd, Khanpur — A Temple of Maruti, with a wooden

Mandap.

60. . Kadepur, Khanpur — On a hill in the jungle there is a Temple of Dongardi.

61. Shamgdnw, Khanpur — A Temple in the jungle.

62. Renavi, Khanpur— A very old Temple of Shrdvana Siddha.

63. Tamalds'war, Khanpur — A Temple of TamaldsVar.

64. Salgun, Khatdo — A celebrated Temple of Ndgan&th.

32

65. Gursala, Khatdo — A large Temple of MaMdeva.

66. Vadginw, Khatio— A Temple of Jairam Swdmi, with a wooden Sabhi

Mandap.

67. Belapur, M&n — An old dilapidated Temple of S'ankar.

68. Vajrd, Galdev, Mol^sVar, Kusambi, Godevali, Kudala, Raigam, Anevadi,

Narapadev, Tambi, Parsoda, Ghonaspur, Nimmethaldev, Bammoli,
Bhoreni, Parvat and Chakdev — all in Javali — are reported to have
Teirvples ; information much needed.

XL

Remains in the Southern Maratha Country.

1. KoUdpdr (J. B. B. R A. S. II. 263, 371 ; Graham's Report). The Temple

of Ambdbdl and the Palace gate- way are deserving attention ; there are
also Caves in the neighbourhood (J. B. B. R. A. S. IV. 362).

2. Fort of Panhd,ld, containing several interesting Muhammadan structures,

and Cave of Muchukanda, {J. B. B. R. A. S. III. ii. 60 ; IV. 362 ; IX. 201,
cxlii; Graham's Report^ 120, 314, &c.)

3. Vis'algad, Hill Fort with inscription, {Lid. Ant. II. 318, 372 ). A rubbing

required.

4. The Hill Forts of Biwadd, Rangn^, Bhiidhargad.

5. Raib^g — (Lat. 16° 29' ; Long. 74° 50') an old Jain Temple and inscriptions

{Bom. Selec. CXV. 4) : facsimiles required.

6. A'jr^ (16° 7' ; 74° 16') an old Temple— information wanted.

7. Miraj— (16° 50' ; 74° 43'), a Fort and E6zah of Pir Shamnamlr, and an

inscription.

8. R^mdurg— (15° 57'; 74° 32') 53 miles east from Belgaum— Fort.

9. Lakshm6s'war (15° 7' ; 75° 21')— old Temples, and inscriptions.

10. S'irhatti (15-14 ; 75-39), old Temples, and at other places, but information

is unsatisfactory.

11. Nerur, Kuddl, Sdwantwddi {J. B. B. R. A. S. III. ii, 203, 212, 388). In,

formation required as to old remains.

12. Singli (/. B. B. B. A. S. IV. 97; J. E. A. S. V. 177); ditto.

13. Kola, Narsinghpur, near Vedepur (exact locality of this place required)

Caves unvisited by Europeans {J. B. B. R. A. 8. III. ii. 61.)

14. * Kh^drapiir, near Kurundw^d. The remains of probably the finest temple

in this part of the country, and D^vagiri-YMava inscription of Simha*
ddva, dated S'aka 1136.

15. Four or five miles to the west of Paiichgaum, on the high road from Belgaum

to Kal4dgi, close to roadside and apparently in Native States' territory,

♦ yhis and the following have been added by J. F. Fleet, Esq., Bo. C. S.

33

there is a small but typical temple, probably of Jain origin, which will
before long fall down if the sides, which are bulging out, are not repaired
or propped up. At Pafichgaum itself there is a very small Linga shrine of
rather peculiar construction, and the remains of another like it beside it.

16. L6kd,piir, Mudh61 ; a Temple of Ldkandtha of fair size but probably of no

great age, and a short inscription.

17. Palsambi near Bdwad^, KoUdpiir ; ancient temples.

18. Sangasf, near B&wsiAi; a short inscription in the Cave-alphabet characters

in the Temple of Sdngasiiddvi. • The temple itself is of no pretensions ;
the stone bearing the inscription is broken, part of it being lost, and was
evidently brought from some other temple.

19. 'H.6t16, KolUpiir; Buddhist Oaves and other remains (Graham's Report),

XII.
List of Remains in the Ratna'giri Zilla.

1. Dd.bhol, Suvarnadurg — A Mosque on the sea coast. On the hill is a Cave

in which there is a Tenaple dedicated to the goddess ChandikL {J. B. B.
B. A. S. III. ii. 47; IncL Ant II. 278.) (a)

2. Mur6d, Suvarnadurg — A Temple of the goddess Durg^i {J. B. B. R. A. S.

VIII. 1).

3. JAlgAnw, Suvarnadurg — A Temple of the goddess Bahiri.

4. Wagotna, near Vijiadurg — Caves (.7. B. B. JR. A. 8. V. 611).

•

5. Pilfl, Suvarnadurg — There is a large Hill Fort here.

6. Adkhul, Suvarnadurg — Temple of Khem, "Here there is a Janjira or

Fortress in the sea, in which are two or three tanks of sweet water ;
outside the Fortress is a Masjid."

7. Harnai, Suvarnadurg — In the fort called Grovin was the Subhi Katcheri,

now transferred to DapuH. Here also is a large tank of sweet water.
Fatehgadh and Kalakdurg Forts are now in ruins. There are also Tem-
ples of Bkndth, Murlidhar, and Kamales'war.

8. AnjarW, Suvarnadurg — Temple of Durgi Devi.

9. Addn, Suvarnadurg — Temple of Bhdrgavaram.

10. Kelsi, Suvarnadurg — Temples of Mahdlakshaml and Rdmji.

11. P^dh^n, Chiplun — Temples dedicated to Paras'uram.

12. Khed, Chiplun — There are large excavations in the rocks here ; details

wanted.

13. Ras^lgadh, Chiphm — A Fortress.

14. Vd.dibeldir, Chiplun — A Fort in ruins, called Mahipatgadh.

15. Guhdgar — A large Temple of Vades'war.

16. Anjanv^l, Guh^gd^r — A large Fort here.

Bl04r- 1

34

1 7. Sangames Var — There are Temples of Deva Earneshwar and Someshwar,

and rock excavations. {J. B. B. R. A. S. III. ii. 47). Information wanted.

18. NigudvAdi, Sangames Var — The Hill Fort called Mahimatgadh is said

to have been erected by Shivdji : a portion of it is in ruins.

19. Burbdd, Sangames'war— Temple of Amneshwar

20. Shringdrpur, Sangames' war — Here is a Hill Fort called Prachitgadh, only

accessible by means of ladders ; its history and traditions desiderated.

21. RatnAgiri — ^There are a Fort and Temples of Vithobi and Trinabundes'war,

22. Kelen, Ratnigiri— Temple of Vires' war.

23. Rdjdpur — Temples of Vithobi, M4ruti, and S'ri E&m Panchiyatan. {Ind.

Ant. II. 320).

24. Pendkhal^, Rdjipur — Temples of Deva S'ankares'war and Bhagvati.

25. Bhun, Rajdpar — Temple of Lakshami Nirdyan.

26. Niten, Rijdpur — Temple of Ndtenes'war. "^

27. Kasheli, Rdjipur — Temples of Lakshami Niriyan and KanakAditya.

28. Bhdlaoli, Rdjipar— Temples of Lakshami Mah4deva and Gadpati

29. HasaldevI, Rij^pur — Temple of Aryd Durgl

30. Adivren, RdjApur— Temples of Mahdkdli Bhagvati, SatyasVar, and Lak-

shami Ndrdyad.

31. Thopes'war, Rajipur— Temple of ThopesVar.

32. Gothan^ devache, Rijipur — Temple of Bhirgavarim.

33. Pirudavan, Rdjdpur — Temple of Malikdrjun.

34. Mithgavan^, R^j^pur — Temple of Anjunes'war.

35. Ansuren, Rijdpur — Temple of Gires'war.

37' Kuveshi } I^aJ^P^r— Temples of RdmesVar.

38. Gaonkhddi, Rdjdpur — Temples of Rdmes'war and Grdmadeva.

39. Mdlwan — ^In the large Fort here called Sindhudurg there are one large

and several small Temples ; also two small Fortresses, called Paddmgadh
and Rdjkot, in ruins.

40. Masuren, Mdlwan — A Port called Bharatgadh, portions of which are in

a dilapidated state.

41. Achdren, Mdlwan — Temple of Rdmeshwar.

42. Akhali, Mdlwan — A Temple of the Demon god Vaitdl.

43. Kunk^sVar, Devgadh — Temple of KunkesVar.

44. Kinjavad^, M^wan — Temple of Thanes' war.

45. K6mten, Milwan — Temple of Bhagvati.

46. SilsiMilwan— Temples of Pawnaiand Siddhes'war.

35

47. Chiplun — A large and some smaller rock-cut Temples with Dahgoba.

(J. B. B. R A. S. III. ii. 47.)

48. Kharepattan (Ind. Ant. II. 321); copperplates found.

XIII.
List op Eemains in the Sholapur Zilla.

No satis&ctory information is available for the remains in this district.

1. Akoli, Mohol — ^A Temple of Bhairavnith Deva.

2. An janginw, Mohol — ^A Temple of Khelob^ Deva.

3. Bital, Mohol — A large Temple of Yam^i Devi.

4. Parit, Mohol — ^A Temple of E[handob^.

5. Pokhipur, Mohol — A Temple of Vithobi.

6. Vadval, Mohol — ^A large Temple of Ndgnith Deva. Jatri held in his honour

in Vaishdkh.

7. Barsi — A large Temple of Bhagvant Deva.

8. Khadkalgdnw, BArsi — A large Temple of SindesVar out of the village.

9. Kir^ginw, B^rsi — ^An old Temple of Yaxnii Devi ; and a large tank near

the Temple.

10. Mdleginw, Birsi — A large Temple of Jangibivi Sddhu.

11. Chikharde, Bdrsi — A Temple of Khandes'hwar Bdwl

12. Sivargdnw, Birsi— A Temple of TamAi Devi out of the village.

13. Tadval, Birsi — A Temple of Jaganndth Swimi : Jatri on his anniver-

sary day.

14. Ukadginw, Birsi — Masjid of Miti Siheb Pir out of the village.

15. Vairig, Birsi — A Temple of Santanith Sidhu : Jatri held in his honour

in S'rivan.

16. Kirmile— A large Temple of Devi.

17. Kem, Karmile — A large Temple of Valareshwar Biwi.

18. Tavtil Karmile — ^A Temple of Kurumpis Deva.

19. Nilaj, Karmile — A Temple of Sangameshwar.

20. Midhe — A Temple of Jagadimbeshwarl.

21. Kumdhej, Midh^ — A Temple of Venkatesh in ruins.

22. Shetphal, Midh^ — ^A Temple of Siddheshwar.

XIV.

Remains in the Ejlla'doi Collectoeatb*.

1. Bijiptir — (1) Ibrihim Rozah, (2) Mehtar Mahil, (3) Jami Masjid,
(4) Tomb of Muhammad Shih a.d. 1600, (5) Palace of Asar Sharif

* This and tlie following three lists have been revised with additions, especially of the localities
where inscriptions are to be found, by J. F. Fleet, Esq., Bo. C. S.

36

(described Asyj^t. Res. XIII. 432 : Tr. B. T. S. III. 55-63; Jour. B. B.
R. A. S. I. 367-390 ; III. ii. 87, 353; VIII. cxlv.; IX. xlix and Architecture
of Bijapoor). (a)

2. B^ddmi : three Brahmanical and one Jaina Cave, with inscriptions and

sculptures in good preservation (Rep. Archceol. Survey ^ 1873-74) ; also
several old Temples with inscriptions, and a dargah.

3. Tidgundi, Bijdpiir, {Ind. Ant. I. 80) inscription.

4. Sii6tgi, Indi, {Ind. Ant. I. 205) inscribed stone, deserving of preservation.

5. Pattadkal, Bdddmi ; several very old Temples, Brahmanical and Jaina,

probably dating from the 5th to the 8th century a.d. (Rep. Archceol. Sur.
1873-74).

6. Banas'aknarf, Bddami. An old temple, and a Vijayanagara inscription dated

S'aka 1465, (see Ind. Antiq. for December 1875).

7. Aihole, Hungund. Many very ancient temples, a Brahmanical and a Jaina

cave, and several inscriptions, one of which, a Ohilukya inscription, is
dated S'aka 507 and is the oldest stone-inscription of known date in these
parts with the exception of the Ohdlukya inscription dated S'aka 500 in
the Biddmi cave {Arch. Rep., 1873-74, and Mr. Hope's Inscriptions in

Dhdrioddand Maisuff Plates 1 to 8).

•

8. Nandik^s'war, Bdd^mi ; Temple of Mahdkdtad6va with short inscriptions

and linga- worship remains.

9. Sangam, Hungund, at the confluence of the Malaprabhd and the Krishnd ;

Temple of Sangam6sVarad6va, and an inscription.

XV.

Remains in the Belgaum Collectoeate.

1. Belgaum — Fort, said to have been built 500 years ago, and repaired 1493

and in 1857 ; inscription in the Fort Library building. (Arch. Rep.
1873-74) (a)

2. Asatkhin Dargah, in the Fort, with Persian inscription, and others on the

Fort walls, (a)

3. Sampgaum — A small but beautiful Mosque, in good repair ; has a Persian

inscription. (Arch. Rep. 1873-74). (a)

4. Ohandgad, Belgaum — A Temple of Ravalandthadeva.

5. Kidar61i on the Malaprabhd, Sampgaum, with an old Temple, and inscrip-

tions (one translated Arch. Rep. and Ind. Ant. I. 141).

6. Bail-Hongal — Ruins of a Jaina Temple, and two inscriptions, one dated S'aka

1086. (Arch. Rep. ; Ind. Ant. IV. 11.) (a)

7. Halsi, Bldi — Temple of (Vardha) Narasimha-D4va, very ancient and in

good repair. Inscriptions. (Bom. 8el. CXV. 2; J. B. B. R. A. S. IX. 230,
262, cc.) Remains of old temples.

8. TJgaragol, Parasgad — The Temple of the goddess Yellamml

37

9. Hull, Parasgad— Temples of Pafichalinga-D^va, and others, with several
inscriptions. {Arch. Bep.) (a)

10. S'irsangf, Parasgad — Temples of Kalami-Devi.

11. *Sdnger, Parasgad— A Temple of S6m^8Vara.D6va.

12. Saundatti, Parasgad— Two Temples of Turand^sVar', and of Ankales'war

and one of Kad-Siddheswar in the Fort, and several inscriptions. {J.B.B.

B.A.S., Vol. X," No. XXIX, pp. 167 &c.; Insors., Dhdr. and Mais., PL
27.) (a)

13. Mun61i, Parasgad — A group of Temples of Panchalinga-Deva, very an-

cient and interesting. Several inscriptions in Hala-Kanada characters
inside. (Arch. Rep.) (a)

14. Murg6d, Parasgad — Temple of Mallikdrjuna Deva.

15. *NipaUr, Chik6di— Temple of Govindrdja Deva.

16. JngaU, Chik6id— A Temple.

17. EkesVar, Chikddi — A Temple of S'ankara-Linga.

18. Karos'i — ^A Temple of Barav^sVar.

19. *Chur'~A Temple of ChandrdsVar.

20. Yediir, on the Krishnd — A Temple of Vlrabhadra, ancient. {Bom. SeL

CXV. 69).

21. Sank^s 'war, 9 miles N. E. of Huk6ri — Temple of Shankaralinga, ancient.

22. Huk^ri — Mosques and Muhammadan tombs {Bom, SeL CXV. II. 23, 39,

41, 50.) (a)

23. Ankalagi, G6kdk — A Math or Monastery of Adavyappa Swdmi, and a

Brahmanical Temple of Lakshmfd^vi,

24. Konniir, G6kdk — A Temple of Mahdling^s'war and others, also dolmens ;

several inscriptions. {Arch. Bep.; J. B. B. B. A. S.j Vol. X, No. XX J X.
pp. 167, &c.) (a)

25. Samajdpnr, G6kik — Sdvalagi Math is near this village.

26. Athni — An old Temple of Siddh^sVar and a Mosque.

27. Kudachi, Athni — Two Mosques on the banks of the Krishnd

28. Bimatlrtha, Athni — ^A Temple of Rdmes'war : — Might be photographed.

29. Surapili, Athni (enquiry needed) — ^A Temple of Narasimha.

30. Magaduli, Athni — ^An old Temple of Malia-D^va.

31. Kanmadi, Athni— A Temple of Dari-D^va -.—Might be photographed.

32. A'rbdvi, 4 miles N. of G6kdk, has a Math or Monastery.

33. Kdgwdd, Athni (16°41' ; 74'48')— Jaina Temple. A fine image in a cellar

{Bom.'Sel. CXV. 8.)

34 Gdkdk Buddhist remains said to exist in the neighbourhood. (J. B. B. B.

A. 5., III. ii. 61.)

35 Kittiir Sampgaum ; Bailiir, Sampgaum; and Gulhalli, Bfdi ;— Kddamba

inscriptions, {J. B. B. B. A. S., Vol IX, No.xxvii, pp. 262, &a)

B 104-;;

- 38

36. Ddgdmve, Sampgaum ; a small but very elaborately ornamented temple,

and four Kddamba inscriptions, (/. B. B.R. A. 8.^ Vol. IX, No. xxvii.,
pp. 262, &c.)

37. S'ivaniir, Sampgaum ; an old temple and monumental stones.

38. Nandagad, Bldi ; an old and typical Jaina temple in the jungle.

39. Nandagaum, Athni ; there is said to be a fine old temple here, but further

inquiries are needed.

40. N^sargi, Sampgaum ; a fine Linga temple, partly in ruins, and a Ratta in-

scription dated S'aka 1141, (/. B. B. R, A. S.j Vol. X., No. xxix, pp. 240
&c.)

41. Kalholi, G6kdk ; a Ratta inscription dated S'aka 1127, (/. B. B. R A. S.,

Vol. X, No. xxix, pp. 220 &c.)

42. Wakkund, Sampgaum ; an old Jaina temple with fine carvings and orna-

mentations.

43. Sogal, Parasgda ; temple, with inscription, at the water-falL

XVL

Remains in the Noeth Kanaba Collectobate,

1. G6kanr, Kumt^ — Some fine Brahmanical Temples built about a.d. 1400, not

ornamented with sculpture, and kept in good repair. (Buchanan'' s Journey
through Maistir^ Ganara, and Malahar.)

2. Bhatkal, Hondwar — Jat Ndyak^s Temple or Band Basti, a Jaina Temple,

now deserted.

3. Gersappd, Honfewar — Jaina Temples, ojily that of Hiri Basti now used : the

figures of Buddha at the doors have been mutilated by men and boys.

4. Banawdsi, SidddpAr — Temple with some ornamentation. Several Kddamba

and Vijayanagara inscriptions. {Ind. Antj IV, 205.)

5. Sondd, S'irsi ; a Matha and inscriptions.

6. Ulavi, Supd ; there are said to be inscriptions and remains of temples here,

but further information is required.

7. Kirwatti, Yelldpiir ; inscription {Inscrs.^ Dhdr. and Mais.^ PI. 26.)

XVII.
List op Remains in the Dha'bwVd Collbctobate.

1. Lakkundi, G-adag^Nunjerous interesting Temples. {Arch, of Dharwar and

My sore f 57.)

2. Gadag — Temples of Vlranirdyana and Trikiit^s'wara, {Arch, of Dharwar

and Mysore 47 ; Ind. Arch. II. 296.)

3. Dambal — Fine Temples (lb.)

m

4 Kirwatti— Temple. (lb, 56.)

39

• 6. Karataji, Bankdpdr — A Temple of Vfrabhadra.

6. Yedakbadbechardk, BankApiSr — ^A Temple of Bdm^sVara.

7. Bankdpur — Temple of Narasimha. (lb. 60.) Also the celebrated temple

called Arvattukambhada-Basti, and otber remains, and inscriptions.
(Ind. Ant., IV, 203.)

8. Gangigati, Bankapdr— A Temple of Mdruti

9. Hubballi — Temples and Inscriptions. (Arch. Dhar. 62.)

10. H^ngal— Temple of * Kecbeka*. (Arch. Dhar. 59; Ind. Ant. IV, 205.)

1 1 . Kud, Hdngal — A Temple of Sangam^s'war.

12. Tilavalli, H^ngal — ^A Temple of Basav6s'war.

13. Mungiir — Temple. (Arch. Dhar. 60.)

14. Guddagudddpdr, Rinibenniir — A Temple of * MaiUriinga*.

. • • • *

15. Honte, R^nibennur — A Village Temple of Honte.

16. M^daldri, Rdnlbennur — A Temple of Vira-Deva.

• •

17. Padaramandalgl, Rdnlbenniir — A Temple of MimtL

18. Kiginelli, K(5d — A Temple of Kes'ava.

•

19. Hirekeriir, Kdd— A Temple of Durgd.

20. Mdsur, Kdd — A large tank

21. Narsipdr, Gradag — Temples of peculiar design, and an inscription, (Arch.

Dhar. 61 ; Inscrs. Dhar. and Mais., Plate 28.)

22. Naikaniir, Nawalgund — A Temple of Koriyavvd.

23. Annig^ri, Nawalgund — An old Temple of Amrit^sVara, and inscriptions,

21. Danddpiir, Nawalgund — A Temple of Venkat^sVara.
... • *

25. S'alawadi, Nawalgund — A Temple of Virabhadra.

26. Yeminginur, ( ? Yamnur,) Nawalgund — A Mosque of Rajabaksh.

27. Devagiri, Karajagi — Temples of Basavannaand Ellavvd.

28. Devihosdr, Karajagi — A Temple of Banas'aukara.

29. Hdveri, Karajagi — Math of Rdghav^ndra- Swdmf.

30. Galagandth, Karajagi — A Temple of Galag^s'wara on the Tungabhadrd.

31. Mulgund, Gadag ; old temples, ruins, and inscriptions. (For one inscrip-

tion, of the R^shtrakiita king Krishna vallabha, dated S'aka 825, see J. B.
B. B. A. 5., Vol. X, No. XXIX,* pp. 190, &c.)

32. Nar^gal, and its hamlet Kodikop, Ron. Inscriptions of the Sindavam'sa

(J. B. B. R. A. 5., Vol. XL)

33. Tdluki Dhirwdd ; Aminbdvi, Bdvihdl, Bokkdpiir, Hebblli, Madanbdvi, Mana

gundi, Nar^ndra ; — temples and Old Canarese and Sanskrit inscriptions.

34. Tilukd Gadag ; Bentiir, Bettig^ri, Dambal (Inscrs. Dhar. and Mais., PI.

23), D6ni, Gadag (Inscrs. Dhar. and Mais., Pis. 24,25; Lid. Ant, XL
296), Handigol Harti, Hombal, Hosiir, Huyilgol, Kurtak6ti, Lakkundi,
Ndgdmve, Narsdpur (Inscrs.. Dhar. and Mais.j PI. 28^ Nilgund, Soratdr,
Unjachige ; — temples and Old Canarese and Sanskrit inscriptions.

40

35. T&\uH Htogal; Bilambidu, B^haJli, Belwatti, Belgal, Hal^koti (fntZ.

Ant.y IV, 205), HAvanagi, Hir^-Bksiir, Kalk^ri, Nar^gal, Eimtfrth,
Tilawalli {Inscrs. Dhdr. and Mais., Pis. 33, 34), Yellur, — temples and
Old Canarese and Sanskrit inscriptions.

36. Tdlufol Hubballi ; Amargol, B^atti (for one inscription on a copper-plate,

of the Kalachnri family, dated S'aka 1106, see Ind. Ant, IV, 274),
Burdas'ingi, Chikka-harti, Old Hubballi (at the temple of Bhavinls'nakara),
Katandr, Mantiir, Neladi, Unkal, Yerguppi;-rtemples and Old Canarese
and Sanskrit inscriptions.

37. Tdluki Kalghatgi ; Belwantra, Kamdh^n, Mnkkal, Muttagi, Tambiir, Ugi-

nakdri, — temples and Old Canarese and Sanskrit inscriptions.

38. Tiluki Karajagi; Ddvagiri, D^vlhosdr, Galagnith, Guttal, Haralahalli,

Hdvdri, Kanawalli, Kotiir, K6nanatambige, Malliir, Sangdr, — temples
and Old Canarese and Sanskrit inscriptions.

39. TAluka K6d ; Abaliir, B^ambidu, Chhaparadahalli, Chinna-Mulgund, Hal-

liir, Hirdhalli, Hir^-Kertir, Kaddr, K^ginelli,KanaTis'idhag^ri,Kodamaggi-
Madliir, Mediir, Nidan^gal, Rattihalli, Satinhalli, S'idenur, Varahi, — tern,
pies and Old Canarese and Sanskrit inscriptions.

40. T&lukd Nawalgund ; AnnlgM, Belwatgi, Caurdpiir, Kdlwdd, Khandanur (?),

Konniir, Nargund, Nkvali, Tuppada-Knrahatti ; — temples and Old Cana-
rese and Sanskrit inscriptions.

41. Tdlukd Rdnibenniir; Alasandi, Benakanakerad, Chavadadtopiir (Inscrs,

Dhar. and Mais., Pis. 35i 36, 37), Hdrdgop, Hir^-Bidari, Median
Wukkund ; —temples and Old Cararese and Sanskrit inscriptions.

42. Tdlukd R6n ; Abbig^ri, Jakali, Nidagundi, Ron, Sawani ; — temples and

Old Canarese and Sanskrit inscriptions.

43. Tdluk^ Bankdpdr ; information still wanting.

XVII.

Remains in Sind.*

[From the Returns of the Collectors to the Commissioner. '\

1. Lai Shah Baz — A Masjid in the S.E. quarter of Sehwan, Karachi Col-
lectorate, said to have been built in the 14th century, but without any
indications of decay ; built of burnt brick of the very best sort, set in
mortar, ornamented with coloured tiles, and with minarets at the cor-
ners. It is profusely decorated with encaustic tiles, principally bright
blue, green and white, arranged in horizontal rows and geometrical pat-
terns. It is occupied by Sayyids, and considered very sacred. There is
a pilgrimage to it, and a fair held annually, when it is supplied with funds
by the votaries. Built about 1340 a.T).

• Seo ftlflo paper by Sir BarUe Frere, /. B. B. JJ. A. 8, Vol V., pp. 349-362, 391, 688, «92.

41

2. Jam4 Masjld, Tatta, a.d. 1632 — 1640. It has stone foundations; the walla

and pillars of brick ; the roof consists of a series of domes, the interiors
of which are beautifully inlaid with tiles of various colours, which are
blended with remarkable taste. Many parts are elaborately and beauti-
fully carved with acroUand border patterns, &c. In 1857 Rs. 6,000 were
expended by Government in repairing this Masjid and some of the finest
Tombs. This is considered a model by Muhammadan architects.

3. Tomb of Mirza Iza Khan — Built in 1563, entirely of stone, with a domed

roof. It 18 ornamented in a similar style with the Masjid, only more
generally and elaborately sculptured. It wag extensively repaired in 1857.

A. Tomb of Bari Nuwdblza Khan, a.d. 1602 — 1637 — Similar to the preceding,
but in bad preservation.

6. Tomb of Jam Nindo, 1498 — Also in poor preservation.

6. Tomb of Mirza Jani Bdg, 1592 — Built of burnt brick, in the same style

as the preceding, but the decorations are much less elaborate, and it has
never been repaired.

7. Tomb of Ghazi Beg, 1592— Similar to the last.

8. Tomb of Mirza Shaha Beg, 1557 — Of stone, and similar to the last two.

9. Tomb of Diwiln Shara£Fa Kh^n, 1627 — Built of burnt brick, similar to the

preceding. All these Tombs are in the hills near Tatta.

10. Jamd Masjid at Mat4ri, Haidaribad CoUectorate — Built of burnt brick

with stone cornices, and ornamented with carved stone and encaustic
tiles. It was built about 1805, partly at the expense of the Talpur
(ibvernmeut.

11. Masjid and Tomb of Udera Lai, near Joheja, in Hila Taluka — Built about

1688 A.D., in a small fort, of brick, with stone cornices, and kept in repair
by the guardians.

12. Pir's Tombs and Masjid at New Hala, 1792 and 1800 — Similar in construc-

tion to the preceding. Repaired in 1870 : Rs. 1 ,000 paid from Local Funds.

13. Tomb of Mir Fathe Ali at KhodAbid, near HAIa— Built in 1805.

14. Masjid and Tomb at Agomano, Ahgar Taluka — The Masjid built in 1670 ;

the Tomb said to have been built in 1420 of carved stone and encaustic
tiles, but is in bad repair.

15. Tomb of Ghulam Shah Kalora, 1773 — Built of burnt brick and stone, and

handsomely coloured inside in distemper. The tomb is of white marble,
and is tlie most beautiful in Haidarabad. It has not been repaired for
the last forty years.

16. Sarfraz Kalora'a Tomb, 1785 — Of burnt brick and gypsum cement, and

painted inside. Repaired in 1866.

17. Mir Kuram Ali, about 1812 — Similar to the last, partly ornamented with

marble fret work, and covered outside with coloured tiles. It needs repairs.
19. Tombs of Mirs Murad Ali and Nur Muhammad, Nasir Khan, Shahdad
Khan — Built about 1847, ornamented outside with coloured tiles, and
inside painted and gilt. The Tombs are of white marble, beautifully
worked, and in good repair.

B 104— A

42

19. Tombs of Ghulam Shah and Fazul Ali—Bnilt about 1855 ; simaar to the last.

20. Mir Muhammad's Tomb, 1857— Ditto.

21. Tomb of Shahu'-l-Muhammad at Bakapur Tapa, Larkh^oa Division — Built

about 1790; decorated inside with enamelled tiles.

22. Tomb of Shah Bahara on the north side of the Ghar River, close to

Larkhna, about 1775 — ^Moderately ornate, but rapidly falling out of
repair.

23. Mir Masum Shah's Minaret at Sakkar — *Built in 1615 with stone founda-

tion, and the upper part of red brick.

24. Tomb of Shah Khyrdfn at old Sakkar, 1760 — An octagonal brick buildings

surmounted by a dome and decorated with glazed bricks.

25. The Thahim Tombs between Drakan and Eatlddera, near Ndushera —

Without decoration.

26. The Tomb of Makhdum Abdiil Rahman, Shikirpur, 1837 — ^Decorated

with glazed tiles.

27. Mosque of Sanjar Khan Dadpotra, Shikarpur, about 1640 — The roof has

fis^llen in, and the walls are in a tottering condition.

28. Mosque of Fakir-iid-din, or the Jami-Idgah, at Khanpur — ^A ruin, said to

have been built before Shikarpur was founded.

29. Tombs of Shah Pan jo and Sayyid-i-Musani at Mehar, 1730 and 1750 — Are

of but little pretensions.

30. Tomb of Miyan Nasir Muhammad, Mehar — Is a pretty little building,

with some very beautiful stone carving executed by Tatta artists ; built
about 1692.

31. Kwaja Kizr Jind Plr, at Rori, with an inscription, a.d. 952 — Venerated

alike by Muhammadans and Hindus ; covers about half an acre of a small
island near Bakkar. A rubbing of the inscription might be interesting.

32. War Mubarak — A small Mosque on the north of Ron, built in 1545 by

. Nur Muhammad Kalora, but not specially interesting.

33. Masjid of Musan Shah at Ghoteki — Is a quadrangular building 113 feet

by 66, with a courtyard in front 113 feet by 53. The building is of
burnt brick enamelled. It was erected 1723 — 1735. It is the largest
Mosque in Upper Sind.

34. Masjid at Khudadad, once the capital of Sind — Is a large massive build-

ing, with three large domes, a courtyard, and domed gate-way in the
usual stylo. It is not used, and is rapidly going to ruin.

XVIII.

List of Remains in Kachh.

I, BhadrfisVar, B. fromMundra. (1) The large Jaina Temple of Jagdus'Ah,
outside the village, has been repaired or largely rebuilt several times.
On the pillars and walls are several inscriptions, only partially legible. (a)

^ Ou a small domed building at Bakkar are two inscriptions of Hijirah 1007 and 1008 : good
1 iibbliigM are desiderata.

43

(2) One Mosque is fully half -buried, another is in tolerable repair, (a)

(3) Beside an old kund is the Temple of MAtA Ash^purS. : on a broken

pillar is an inscription, dated in Samvat 1358 (a.d. 1301), (a)

(4) Domed Mosque or Tomb of Plr Lai Shobh^h has an Arabic inscrip-

tion along the upper course of the wall.

(5) The foimdations of the old city of Bhadravati extend over a large

area.

. 2. Bhud or Bhuvad, 8 miles from BhadrfesVar : the old Temple of Bhuvanes'-
var Mahadeva : the shrine has fallen, but the mandap still stands. On
it is an inscription dated Samvat 1246, only partially legible.

3. Vir&, E. of Bhadres'var, the domed Tomb of Plr JadiS,; and a Temple of

Jogini Nal.

4. Anj&r: The Sth&ns of Plr AjayapAl PlrJaisal, and Temples of W4nkal

Md.t&, Mahadeva Bades'var, AmbA» M&t&, and MAhanraL Information re-

quired concerning the AjayapAl and Jaisal Atlts.

5. B&rai near Mundra : Temple of MahSdeva Nilkantha was built in 1668

A.D. The linga is said to have been brought from Bhadrfisvar. (a)

6. Gedi, in Wagar : (1) the ' Malan Wav ' said to be very old. (2). The Tomb

of AsAb& Plr, also very old ; only the dome has fallen. More details
wanted. (3). Temples of LakshmlnAr^yana, Mahaviraji, and Mahadeva
Achal6s'var, — all said to be old : but particulars wanted. (4). A Pdliya
with an inscription beginning ^afcf ^ 3 3 «nf <;^ ir^ ( ? Sam. 1533.)

7. Rav in W&gar : The Temple of Mita Ravechi — ^further information re-

quired,

8. Shikirpur — 25 miles E. of Rav : Tombs of Plrs Path4, Gebansh^h, Multdni

and As&bah — all more or less ruinous.

9. Mkhadiy^ : Tomb of a Plr built about 300 years ago.

10. Kat4riy&, S.B. from Lakhadiya : Two ruinous Jaina temples partially buried

in the sand.

11. Kanthkot in W&gar : A ruined Jaina Temple of the 13th century ; a Tem-

ple of the Sim ; Temple of Kanthad Plr, and remains of an old Fort in

which Mularfija is said to have lived. Two ruined Temples of great age,
2 miles south from it. (a)

12. Bhuj, the capital. (1) The Tombs of the R4os much damaged by the

earthquake in 1819, but several of them well deserving of repair and
preservation. (2) The old Palace has some fine balconies, &c. (3) The
Mosque inside the gate is interesting : its history is desiderated. (4)
Temples of Suvarnar^ya, KalyanesVar, S'wamandap, &c.

13. Kot&i, N. from Bhuj : A fine old Temple attributed to L&khk, worth pre-

serving ; fragments of some others, all of considerable age, perhaps 9th
or 10th century, (a)

U. Edd&, S. from Bhuj : The S'ikhar of a fiao old Temple of about the 1 0th
century: thereat of it was thrown down by the earthquake in 1819.
K§da is said to have been the capital of Lakha Phuldni. Near it is a fine
Tomb and other buildings of a Muhammadau Pfr, the history of which
would be of interest.

15. Saagod (where ?) : a kos to the south of the village is a Temple to a goddess,

reported to be very old ; and not far off another to Mah&deva.

16. Artdft, near SairS. in Gardi : Ruins of a Fort of Wagham Cb&vad&, old

Temples, Well8,&c. (Tr. R. As. 5., III. 586.) Full particulars much needed.

17. L4kbSpur in GardA, a building of RAmdeva Pfr.

18. Matan5.Mid (in Gardi ?) : on a hill to the N. E. is a mandir and small

Temple. In a hill called J&goro, a kos to the N., is a Cave where AshApurft
is worshipped. About 2 kos to the S. is a mandir of a Kupdi (?) ascetic ;
Temple and Kund of Chachar MAtft.
1&. Guntri, 36 miles W. N. W. from Bhuj, and old capital of the Silthsand (?)
R&jputa. {Ti-. R. As. 8., III. 58G-7.) Details wanted.

20. L&khftdi, 16 miles S. E. from Gunti-1 ; near it is Purugadh, built by Puvara

Gahani, the nephew of L^kh^ PhulS,ni. Detailed information as to the
character, &c., of the remains much needed.

21. Mod8ur(?): on the banks of the Godsar TAlao is a ruined Temple and

Inscription.

22. Rutadiyd (?) : to the S. are the ruins of a gadh on a hill called RM Malrfl,.

23. Kora (?) : a ruined building of PIr S'ri Aliyfiji.

24. ChSr (?) : building of Pir L^lchata on the shore.

25. Mfldhfi.n (?) : Temple of Mahadeva Bhidbhanjan.

26. Dhinodhar Hill, N.W. from Bhuj : Temple and Monasteryof Dharmanitha.

27. Manfarra in WSgar : Temple and Monastery : details wanting.

28. Kotes'vara in the extreme west, a Tomb of Kanoja Ch&vada R&ja.

29. NflrAyaasar, in the west, a sacred tlrtha ; information wanting.

30. Godra in K^nta, place of Pir Salar ; details wanting.

31. Mandvi in KAnti, (I) Temple of Sundarvarji, S. 1631. (2) Temple of

Lakshraiuarftyan, S. 1664. (3) Temple of Mahadeva R&nes'var, S.

1664. (4) Haveli of Ranched Mahiirflja. (5) KAjiwilli Masjid, S.

1665. (6) Jama Masjid, S. 1660.

32. Dinara ( in Pachham ? ) a niined Temple.

33. Muina, 10 miles N. of Fathegadh : ruins in a hill.

34. Kalala in Karir : ruins not described. Inquiry should be made about
Vinjan, Nerona, Tejar, BagdA, and other old places for remains, coins,
or inscriptions.

45

XIX.

List of Remains in Khandesh.
{Chiefly from Native information^ and requiring careful revisian.)

1. P&rola, Taluka Amalnair — A pretty Mussulman Tomb — ^particulars re-

quired ; and a Fort.

2. TJndir Khdde, Amalnair, Vutrdn — A large S'aiva Temple.

3. Mhasavd — A Temple of Bhavdni and a Tank.

4. Erandole— ^A Masjid called ^Khuruma Khatil; also an old JainaMandir,

the construction of which is ascribed to the P&ndavas, — it is a very fine
old Hindu building in form of a quadrangle, 200 yards square.

5. Kdsod6, Erandole— An old Tomb or Dargah.

6. MukhApat, Erandole — A Temple of Ganpati on a hill in the jungle near

the village. Probably recent.

7. Pharakand6, Erandole — ^An old Masjid.

8. Chorawad Erandole — A Temple of DattAtraya.

9. NAgajhiri, Erandole — A Temple of Ndgii Jogii Devi, outside the village.

10. Pimpalgdnw, PAchor^ — A Temple of Hari Hares' war.

11. Vadagdnw Ambi, PAchor6 — An old Temple of Khandobi and a Hemdd-

panti Well.

12. Bhules'war, P^hor6 — A Temple of BhulesVar Mah&deva, for the main-

tenance of which the revenue of the village is assigned in jihgir by
Government.

13. Javakhedi, Pachor^ — A Temple of Hari HaresVar, for the maintenance of

which the revenue of the village is assigned by Government in jihgir.

14. Nagar Deola, Pdchor^ — A Hemddpanti Temple.

le' BhaS^(?P j^ Have Hemidpanti remains.

17. Mhasds, Lohar^ — An old Temple of a D6vl.

18. S^rv^budrukh, \

20.* vSSi'(?) Uohar^Old Temples of D^vls.

21. V^kadi, )

22. Sajagdnw, Lohar^ — A Temple to the south of the village.

23. Chichked, Bomara— A Temple of a D6vl.

24 Chunchal, ^

25. Dighi,

26- Sdrv^khurd, )- Bhadginw Peta. — Old Temples of Mah&dera.

27. MohoUl,

28. Hola,

46

29. Pimpar Khede, Bhadganw — A Temple of Pdrds'ara Mahideva, with a Tank.

30. SangamesVar, Bhadg^w — An old Temple of Mah^deva.

31. Kanisi, Bhadgdnw — A Temple of Krishnandth,

■ •

32. Maleg^nw Karyit, Patod^ — A Temple of Mah&deva on the outskirts of the

village.

33. Bajg^w Budrukh, Patod^ — A fine Temple of Mahddeva.

34. Viragdnw, Koral6 — There is a Tomb of Padmanith Sw^mf on the bank

of the river to the south of the village, surrounded by a wall.

85. Nikavel, Kor^l^ — Temple of MAruti.

36. Tengod^, Lohoner — A Temple of Mahddeva.

37. Antdpur, Ravdkhdri — Tomb of Dnyan Swaml.

38. Bhilawdd, Ravdkh^ri — A Temple of Pdrswandth.

39. Nimapur, Khdndas — A Temple of Ramaji.

40. Aurangagad urf Kil6 Mulh6r — Temples of Granpati, Rdmaji, Gopdl-Krishna

and SomesVar MahAdeva.

41. Abhon^, Kandsi— A Temple of Govaradhan, built by the Tonkd family.

42. Sul6, Kanjlsi — A Temple of SiddhSs'war Mah4deva.

43. Saptas'ringad, Dhodap — On the hill is a Temple of Saptas'ringi Devi.

{Ind. Ant. y 11. 161.)

44. Balasdn^, Pimpalaner — Many Temples in the Hemddpanti style, built during

the reign of kings of the " Gauli dynasty."

45. Korat, Nandurbar — A Tsmple of SiddesVar MahMeva.

46. AmUd, Talod^ — A Temple of KanakesVar Mah&deva outside the village.

47. Thaln^r, S'irpur — Four fine old Muhammadan Tombs and a Fort in ruins ;

also a hamlet called Ahilapur, with a large Well. Built by Ahalyabai.
{Ind. Ant. November 1875),

48. Anjad^ Khurd, Virddl — a Temple of Vithal Deva.

49. Mandpuri, Sivadi — <^ At the foot of a hill stands a Temple of the goddess

Manobdi, erected in the time of former kings."

50. Kdnaladln, Ndsirabdd — Many excavations in the hill to the west of the

village : apparently unvisited by Europeans.

51. Galna Mdl^g^nw— A HiU Fort. (/. B. B. B. A. S., VI. 143-5.)
62. Jhodge, Mal^gdnw— A Temple of Mah&deva ( ? Heniidpantl).

53. Wagli, Cbalisgdiiw-' A fine large Hemddpanti Temple.

47

54. Plltna, near Warthin, Chalisginw — Hemddpanti Temples : on the

face of the hill above are the Caves of the Brazen Glen, in Ambala, the
next village, belonging to the Nizam. {J, B. B, R. A. 8., IV. 357 ; Ind.
Ant., I. 295.)

55. Tondapur, 4 kos east of Fardapur — A Temple and Tank.

66. Bh^mer, Nizampur — Caves. {Ind. Ant. TI. 128, IV. 339.) Some Hemad-
panthi Temples, and a Temple of MahAdeva over a Tank.

57. Pipalgaiiw ( ? locality )— Caves. (/. B. B. R. A. S., III. ii. 3i9, 352.)

58. Chandor : Cave Temples. (7. B. B. R. A. iS., IV. 361-2.)

XX.

List of Remains in Berar.
I. In Mehhar Bassim^ at —

1. Mehkar — A fine Temple on the bank of the river ; has an open square in

the centre. A numoer of these remains were described in a paper which
the compiler revised for Major Gill, and which was afterwards published
in the Bengal Asiatic Society s Proceedings.

2. LonAr — Several Temples ; one very fine ; one is in the town, and another

half way to the lake ; other four smaller ones are on the margin of the
lake ; and one is now used by the Brahmans. Also the remains of a
Hemidpanti Alms-house or Dharmas'41A. ( Tieffenthaler, I. 362. )

3. Sakeg^m — A small Temple, with some beautiful ornamentation, partly

in ruins.

4. S4tg&m — A fine Temple in the form of a cross : columns and ceiling said

to be fine ; other Temples in the vicinity.

6. Fat^kelda — A small but exquisitely carved Mas j id.

6. Roankhdd — Ditto.

7. B&ssim — Temple and Tank — Hindu, and probably modern.

8. Sirpur— tA Jain Temple said to have been built by Raja 11 with an under-

ground shrine and curiously carved ceiling.

9. Anjenni — Several Temples ; and about 2 miles S. E. is a Temple on the

edge of a ravine.

10. Shendurjenni— Ruins of a small Masjid, similar to that at Fatehkelda ; a

Hem^dpanti ruin beside it, and a Well.

11. Jamrud — A Temple.

12. Gomi — One or two small Temples.

13. Haunda-N&gn&th, S. of Bassim : an ancient Temple covered with statues

and sculpture. {Tr. Lit. S. Bom., Ill, 356.)

Puaad, Bassim ; two old Hemfidpanti Temples worth examination, and the

remains of others and a very fine Tank.
Piplikothi, 12 miles below Buldana — A good epecimen of a Hcmidpanti

Temple.

11. In Narnalj., at —
Pathur, Akola— A small series of Cave Temples. {J. B. B. R. A. S., IV. 361.)
Birai Tdkli, 11 miles south of Akola — A small Heraddpanti Temple, eaid

to be one of the finest of the kind in Berar, with an inscription over the

18. Mukhtigirl, near Ilichpur — A beautiful group of small Jaina Temples, be-

side a waterfall. {/. B. B. R. A. S., IX. Isi.)

19. Chikalda— A Hill Fort.

20. Narnala — Ditto : The peculiar construction of the covered cisterns on the

hill is attributed to the precautions of religionists, who cover up water
lest insects should be drowned in it. An inscription on the south gateway
of the Fort (of which a good rubbing or impression is wanted) isof a.d. 1490
in the time of Mahmud Shah. The projecting balcony windows are said
to be fine.

21. Pinjar, AkoU — A Hemftdpanti Temple.

22. Dotra, 16 miles south of Ohikli — A HemAdpanti Temple.

23. Jurgadh, near Chikli — Ditto.

24. Kutasa, Akot — A Hera&dpanti Temple well preserved by a thick plastering

of mud that entirely conceals its form.

25. Yela, Akola — A small, but well-carved, HomMpanti Temple.

26. Salburdi, Morsi Taluka — A Temple, where a great fair is held.

III. In Amrdvati, at —

27. Amrdvati — A very old Temple of Bhavd.ni, and some seven others of the

1 8th century.
• 28. Badnera — A Fort, Temple of Mahddeva, and two Uavelis.

29. Kamargdnw — Temple of Bhavini.

30. Singnapur — A brick Temple of Hanuman, perhaps of the early part of the

1 6th century.

31. Watoda^A brick Temple of Mahadeva, said to be 300 or 400 years old.

32. Kolhapur, Lat.20°55'; Long-ZS^lO' — A Temple of Nanes'war, of the 18th

century; eight others, — two of them out of repair, one of the 1 7th century;
also a Mosque. This is a famous Jain tirth (Mrs. Graham's Jour, p., 67)!

33. Thugiuw — A Temple of Dattdtraya.

34. Anjangdnw — Temples of Mahddeva and Vithoba, and a Mosque, all of the

18th century ; a Saveli or mansion of the 17th.

49

IV. In Mv/rtizapurj at —

35. Kuram — Two Temples, 17th and 18tli centuries.

36. Nagalwddi — Temple of Bhairava.

37. Karanja — Nineteen Temples said to date from the 12th to the 18th cen-

tury, two Mosques' of the 12th and 18th, and ten Havelis of the 17th and
18th centuries.

38. Muzakinkining — Temple of Mah&deva, l7th century.

39. Nansala — Temple of Vishnu.

40. Lakhpuri — Temple of Mah&deva.

41. Hathgdnw — Mosque, about 150 years old.

42. Babli — Temple of Bhav^ni.

V. In Ghandurj at —

43. Nandgdnw Kaji — Temple of Khanddswar.

44. Tahginw — Mosque of 17th century.

XXI.
List of Remains in the Central Provinces.

I. In Nimdr, at —

1. Burhanpur — Idgah of Adil KhAn, and Tombs of the Firuki princes, and

of Shah Nawftz Khftn. (Tieffenthaler, I. 366.)

2. Khandwa — Four KundaSy surrounded by S'aiva Temples ; many finely

carved pillars, cornices, &c., lie about, or are built into modem erections.

3. MAndh4ta — Remains of numerous Temples, &c. ; among them, a fine old

gateway ; and great Shrine of Omkar. (See accoujit by Captain Forsyth
in the Ventral Provinces Gazetteer.*)

4. Raver — Cenotaph of Bdji Rao Peshwa, a.d. 1740.

5. Beria — A handsome new Jaina Temple.

II. In Hoshangahad, at —

6. Pachmarhi — Ancient Temples in the Mah&deva Hills.

7. On the Tdwa, 4 miles above Hoshangabad— An old Temple.

8. Tilaksendur — A Rock-cut Temple.

9. Sohagpur, 30 miles E. of Hoshangabad : — said to be Sonitpura to which

Munja, the brother of Bhoja Bi.ja, transferred the seat of government
from Ujjain : a colossal statue was (fiscovered here. (2V. L.S. Bom. III. 536.)

III. In Sagary at —

10. Sigar — Several Bathing Ghdts and Hindu Temples.

11. Bran — ^Important inscription on a column, and many antiquities partly

described by General Cunningham. {Jour. As. S. B. 1847, pp. 760 — 761 ;
Vol. YII., p. 632.)

• Most of the entriee in this list will be foand in the same work.
b104— m

50

12. Itdwa — Some fine buildings in and close to the town, the etone-work and

carving in which are said to be really remarkable.

13. Pandalpur — A Temple of Pandharin&tha, where an annual Jdtra is held.

Id. Khimlaea — The Shishd Mahal and a Muhammadan Tomb in ruins, but the
sides cut in the most beautiful designs.

15. Kurai — Several handsome and well-built Temples.

16. Garhakota — Many old buildings in the Fort, and Palace of Raja Mardan

Sinha, and remains of a Square Tower six stones high.

17. Dhamoni — Ruins of Mosques, Tombs and buildings extend for nearly a

mile round the fort and lake.
J 8. Rihatgidh — Large ruined Fort, with numerous remaias of Temples,
Palaces, &c.
rV. In Damoh, at —

1 9. Kundalpur — Several Jaina Temples on the surrounding Hills.

20. Bandakpur — Temple of Jages'war Mah&deva.

21. Nuhta — The ruins of some interesting Jaina Temples.

V. In Narsiahapur, at —

22. Chauragadh — A famous castle and ruins of the Palaces of the old Gond

VI. In Jabnlpur, at—

23. Bhera Ghat ( 9 miles from Jabalpur) — On a conical hill near is a soma-

what remarkable Temple, consisting of an inner shrine, surrounded by
a double circular cloister, with many sculptures.

24. Garha — Ruins of the ' Mahal, ' built by Madan Siiiha in a.d. 1100, &c.

25. Balhiri — A " Marha, " from which an inscribed slab was removed some

years ago. The Tanks, Baolis, and other ancient remains are said to be
interesting.

26. Singaurgddh — Ruins of a Fort, with a solitary Tower, &c.

27. Bhisi — A handsomely carved Temple — modern.

28. Karanbel, near Tewar — Well-known ruins ; recently the stones have been

carried off by railway contractors for building " bridges and permanent
way."

VII. In Mandla, at—

29. Ramnagar — A small Temple, with an inscription (of which a rubbing is

wanted), and ruins of Palaces, a Baoli, &c.

VIII. In Seoni, at—

30. Gbansor — The remains of 40 or 50 very elaborately ornamented Hemdd-

panti Temples in beautiful sandstone,
3[. Chhaparil — Bridge over the Wainganga, and old Gond Fort.
32. Dongartil — A very fine Tank, and ruins of an old Fort.

51

33. Narsifilha — A sacred Temple of Narsifiha.

IX. Chhindwdday at —

34. Devagadh — Numerous remains of Wells, Tanks, &c., and several old Temples.

35. Mohginw— Two large Temples; one said to be three hundred years old.

X. In Betul^ at —

36. Bhaisdahi — Remains of a Temple supposed to be of Buddhist origin.

37. Salbaldi— Ditto.

38. Multai — A group of Temples round a tank, the reputed source of the Tdpl.

39. Amla— Some old Tombs of Gond K^jas.

40. Kherla — Old Fort, the former residence of the Gond Bajas.

XI. In Wardha^ at —

41. Pannar — One of the ancient gateways still remains, a large imposing struc-

ture ; another was recently removed to make way for modern im-
provements ! !

42. Rhoni — A fine Temple on the Wardha, dedicated to Kotes war Mah&deva.

43. Wiaganw — An old Temple of BdUji, of much local repute, where a Jatrd

is held.

44. Ashti — Mausoleums of Muhammad Kh4n Niazi, 1627 a.d. ; and Ahmad

Khan Niazi, 1651.

45. Nachanginw — Serfti and Well built in the 15th century, and Temple of

Puranik.

46. Girar — Shrine of Shaikh Khwaja Farld.

47. Dewalwidd — A fine Temple of Rukmf.

48. Bhiri — An old Temple of Gopal Deva of carved stone.

49. Pulganw — A modem Hindu Temple.

50. Arvi— The shrine of Telang Rao.

XIT. In Ndgpur, at —

51. Ramtek— A fine old Hem&dpanti Temple, and very many others, with

remains of all ages.

52. Parseoni — Two very fine Temples.

53. Katol— A curious Temple, of very early date, built of sandstone without

cement, and with many grotesque carvings.

54. Umred— A remarkable old Temple in the Fort.

55. TakalghsLt — Chicles of rough stones, from which celts^ &c., have been

dug up.

56. Gumganw — A fine Temple of Ganpati.

XIII. In Bhandara, at —

57. Padmapur, near Ambgdnw — Some curious old remains of massive stone

buildings, of which the origin is unknown.

58. Pauni — Numerous Temples supposed to be some of great antiquity.

52

XIV. Bdldgkdt is aaid to contain handsome Buddhist Temples, the exact
localities of many of which are not known. At —

59. BhimMt — ^A Ldt, lying on the ground.

60. Janjgir — A fine Temple o£ MaUadeva, minutely and quaintly sculptured.

perhaps of the 14th century, and remarkably complete ; and an immense
Tank.

61. Baihar — About a mile north of the town are some old Templea said to be

worth visiting.'

62. li^nji — Old Temple of Mahftdeva and Temple of Lanjk^i.

63. Kirnapur — Several old Temples in the town.

XV. In Bildsjmr, at—

64. Pali — Temple of Mah^deva, aaid to be the finest in the district, and of the

10th century.

65. Kharod — A Temple of Lakhmes'war, which is perhaps of the 9th century.

An inscription is dated Sam. 902 (a rubbing wanted).

66. Seorindrdyan — Temple of NArdyan, with an inscription dated a.u. 841

(rubbing required).

67. Ratoapur — " An almost countless number of Tanks and Temples, and

Satis. Among the Temples are those of Vriddhes'war, Bhairavnitb,
Narmadeshwar, Sangameshwar, Mahdmai, Rimpahiri, Kichdi, Kedar-
nath, Khaatideva, Girjban, Jagannatb, and Lakshmindrdyan.
63. Manipur, 15 miles north of Ratnipur — Remains of Tanks, Temples, and
other buildings on hills close to the village.

69. Swotganja — A sacred Reservoir, with a Temple.

70. Araarakanthak— Temples round the sources of the Narmadl

71. Belpan — A Temple, which enjoys the revenues of the village.

72. Bilaigadh — The remains of an extensive Fort and the ruins of some ancient

Temples.

73. Chapra — A very ancient Temple of Buramdeva, having an inscription said

to be dated a. d. 103, (rubbing wanted) probably originally devoted to
Serpent worship.

74. Laphdgadh— A very early capital of the Haihaivansa Rdjas; much of the

Fort wall is still in remarkable preservation.

75. Malhdr — The ruins of some very old and interesting Temples,

XVI. Raipur, at —

76. Bajim — Celebrated Temple of Rajfvd Lochan, where a great Jatrd is held •
the door is beautifully sculptured with representations of Ndgas : one of
the inscriptions is dated in 750 a.d. (rubbing wanted). (See Asiai. Bes. xv.,
pp. 499, et seq.)

Dongargadh — Ruins of a Fort, the walls of which are of massive masonry.

53

78. Dhamda — Remains of a fine old Fort of some architectural beauty : two

very fine Gateways are in a fair state of preservation.

79. Khalari — Four very ancient Temples of peculiar construction.

80. Balod — An old Fort, and a Temple, the basement of which is built of re-

markably large stones.

81. Arang — Some ruined Temples, one said to be Jaina and of great antiquity ;

also some old Tanks and brick foundations. *

82. Kura Bangoli — Tomb of Ghasi D4s.

83. Bhanddr — Shrine of the S4tnami Cham&rs.

XV II. In SambhalpuTj at —

84. Sambhalpiir — Temples of SamUi Padmes'wari Devi, Anant Sajji, and Bara

Jagann&tha, all of the 16th century.

85. Sarangadh — Temple of Sdmles'war.

86. Patna — Some old Temples on the banks of the Tel and at Rani Jhiria.

XVIII. In Chdnday at —

87. Chdnda — The Temples of Achales'war, Mahi Kali and Murlldhar, large

monoliths at Ldlpeth, Tombs of the Gond Bijas, and Ramdla Tank.

88. Bhatdla, 26 miles north of Bhindak — The remains of a very fine ancient

Temple, in good preservation.

89. Bhdndak — ^Architectural remains of great age and interest, such as the

Temple Caves there and in the Vinj-hasani and Dev^la Hills, the Temple
of Bhadri,wati, and numerous other ruined Temples and Tanks.

90. Balalpur — Remains of an ancient Palace in the Fort, and of a large ela-

borate Tank, a Tomb of one of the Gond Kings, and a curious Rock
Temple called Rdm Tfrtha, in the neighbourhood.

91. Junona — A fine Tank, on the stone embankment of which stand the

remains of an ancient Palace.

92. Ingara, near Rdngi — An ancient Temple, with some carving.

93. Markandi, Ambaginw — An ancient and beautiful group of Temples of

great age, and a Monastery.

94. Ambginw — An ancient Temple of Mahideva, and another of Maha-Kali,

and two Tanks.

95. Adial — A very fine irregular Reservoir.

96. Waghnak — An ancient Temple, now falling into ruins.

97. Tepdgadh — A fine old masonry Fort,

98. Wairagadh — Several ancient Temples, among which the most interesting

Q,Te those of Mahikdli and Mah^eva.

B 104— n

54

99. Warha — An old Temple, with a broad flight of steps leading down to the
Wardha river.

1 00. Xeri — Two old Forts, and a large and beautiful Temple, of great age, with

finely carved columns ; and some Panch^l Tombs.

10 1. Ghugus — Three Cave Temples, and some carved stones in their vicinity.

102. Keslabori — An ancient Temple, fast crumbling to ruins.

XIX. In BastaVy at —

10;>. Dantiwdda — A celebrated but plain Temple of D^ntes'wari.

XX. In Upper Godavari, at —

104. Bhadnlchallam — The famous old Temple of R^mchandra, supported by
an annual endowment of Rs. 13,000 from the Nizam's Government.

I0r>. Parnasala — A Temple connected with that at Bhadr^hallam.

lOG. Albaka — Some cromlechs^ &c., on the hills.

XXII.

Supplementary List of Places, chiefly in H. H. the Nizam's Territory.

1 . Warangol Khamamat, — Four Kirti Stambhs of the time of Pratipa Rudra ;

a Temple of S iva, with many old images near it ; another Temple in the
Muhammadan quarter ; many inscriptions. The Fort was built under
Raja Prataprudra by Kakatpal Raja, one of his dependents. It is sur-
rounded by a wall of stone and chunam 1 2 yards high enclosing an area
of nearly 450 Bigahs of land. The ditch holds water during the rains,
but is dry in the hot season. On the two gates are representations of
lions and tigers. It is under charge of Kwajah Karim-uddin. Both the
Fort and the village of Yelandah are held in Jaghir by the Kiladar.
There are several wells within the Fort.

2. Annamkonda, 3 kos from Warangol — Has a fine large Temple of black

stone, by Pratdpa Rudra (12th century), with Sanskrit inscription. In
a neighbouring hill are Jain rock images. A quarter of a mile farther
on is a Jain Temple of Padm^vati Devi, and a large rock image of a
Tirthankar. In a ravine to the South of the Temple is a Sanskrit inscrip-
tion. There are many cairns in the plain around ; and in the town an
ancient S'aiva Temple, and a ruined Jain one.

3. Kalydni — Has extensive ruins for miles around : three miles to the S.E

are some fine Temples and other old ruins : there are caves in the hills
called Hazar Khotri, or ' Thousand Chambers.' Pir Padshah's Masjid
is probably part of a Hindu Temple : in the Masjid are two Hindu in-
scriptions.

55

4. NarAyanpura — Cart loads of richly sculptured fragments of superior ex-

cellence lie about ; and there is an old Temple exquisitely carved.

5. S'ivpura, close by — Has a small Temple on -the margin of the lake, and

many images scattered about.

6. Naldrug — Fort, with a Mausoleum outside it. On the bdnd across the

Bori river is a 'Pani Mahal,' with subterraneous chambers, said to have
been built by the Bijapur Kings. In the Fort is the ' Upari Burji,' a
kind of Watch Tower, with some curious old guns lying about. The
Jam^ Masjid is built of the materials of old Hindu Temples.

7. Umargdnw Naldurg — Has an ancient ruined S'aiva Temple, elaborately

sculptured.

8. Anwah S. of Ajanta — A very fine Temple, similar to one at Satgdm.

9. Rajura — Ruins of a similar Temple, the door of the shrine elaborately

carved .

10. Mominabad, 13 miles S.E. of Kalyan—Some fine Temples, probably mo-

dern. '^

11. Unda, 15 miles from Hingoli — A very fine Temple.

12. Dharasinha, l8kos from Mominabad— Has Buddhist Cave Temples of

considerable extent.

13. Karsa, — 6 kos from Awsa and 20 from Mominabad — Has about fifty

Cave Temples.

14. Tuljapur — A noted Hindu Temple.

15. Bidar — The Rang Mah^l, a Hindu palace perhaps of Pratap Rudra, now

occupied by the head Talukdar ; and the Madrasah.

16. Aurangabad — The Caves in the neighbourhood have not been suflSciently

investigated. (Dr. Wilson's account in J.B.B.E.A.8.)

17. Daulatabad — The Masjid is an old Hindu Temple. At a Pass not far

distant are the ruins of an Observatory built by Firoz Shah Bahmani in
1407. (Ferishtah, vol. II., p. 388).

18. Paitan — Near Toka on the Goddvari — Has Rock excavations, with in-

scriptions ; Information wanted.

19. Baitalbari, near Ajanta — Several Cave Temples at Pitalkhori and other

places ; some of them never yet explored.
20 Near Kankar Baitalbari a cave said to have paintings in a fair state of pre-
servation.

21. Ajanta Caves — Well known (a).

22. Khamamet, Khamamet — A Reddi Fort on a hill, built of stone, brick and

chunam.

23. Yenkowdah, Khamamet — Temple said to have been built by Raja PratA-

parudra ; originally it had a thousand columns some of which are now
fallen. It is deserted and ruined. Part of the stones from it have been
used in the repair of other buildings ; on the walls of the well are
sculptured representations of lions and tigers.

56

24. Falampat^in Taluka Fakhal, Nalganda — ^A Temple of Maliadev said to have

been built by Ram Reddy a thousand years ago. It stands in a jungle a
mile from the village ; has the figures of lions and tigers on its walls in bas
relief, and is entire. It is built of black stone sculptured with the figures
of Hindu mythology.

25. Kotakunda, Nalganda — Temple of Yenkates'var inside the deserted village.

It is built of sculptured stones.

26. Patkal, Nalganda — Temple of Venke'svar builtby Pratdparudra. It is of

stone and finished with great elegance and beauty. In good preservation.
Temple of Mahadev built by Koatraj a thousand years ago, is now beginn-
ing to decay. The pillars are so highly polishe that they reflect the face
as in a mirror. The temple has the figures of elephants, horses, cars
represented on the walls.

27. Nalganda — Fort on a hill in the town, was built by the ancient R&jag. In

it are two or three wells in the rock, containing an unfailing supply of
good water. The works are out of repair.

2S. Dewarkunda — Fort said to have been constructed by Ranjarla Mfidhav BAo,
a Zamindar of olden times. It includes seven hills and is mostly out of
repair. It contains several wells of fresh water.

29. Bh6ngir, Taluk Vemalkunda — Fort built on a rock, has a well of fresh

water and is for the most part ruined.

30. Nagalpahad — Temple of Mahadeva supposed to be 1,000 years old; the

columns have the polish of a mirror, on it are carved some curious figures ;
ruinous.

31. Vazlrabdd, Taluk Devalpal^ — ^A Fort of great antiquity near the bank of

River Krishna is ruinous.

32. Indergand& — An old Fort on a hill ; dilapidated.

33. Phulmari, Indor, Temples of Tam6s'var, Somsesvr and of Yenkates'var^-built

by Bhatial ; two of them are in ruins while one is in good preservation.
The stones have a high degree of polish.

34. Indor — A Fort about 500 years old ; built by Raghunathji Gosain. It is

now being repaired by Government.

35. Dichpalli, Indor — Temple resembling a fort about 500 years old; deserted.

36. Boden, Indor — Juma Musjid about 400 years old ; said to have been for-

merly a Jain temple which was demolished and re-placed by the present
building by Shahid Gulkhan.

37. Rudrur;a Mud Fort — about 300 years old; built by Mamudhan Row

Pingla whose descendant M&dhav R&o Pingla is now living.

33. Adlur Parbhani — A ruined Fort.

39. Onuda Parbhani — Temple of Nagnath over 300 years old, a strong sub-
stantial building.

57

40- Pingli — Temple of Mahadev — There is a large and very fine well in front
of it with stone steps on all four sides within.

41. Prabhani Chaotana — A handsome well near a temple and fitted at each

angle with neat seats.

42. Mahii*— An old Fort.

43. Bid Chari Masjid — An ancient extensive and lofty edifice, — a part of the

interior has fallen in.

44. Bid — Elegant Tomb or Dargah of Hazrat Kochah Shah Wali about 300

years old, erected by a Des'pandia of Bid. The arcade around the building
was constructed by Lachiram Naib of Raja Chotaindali. There is a
Mosque of remarkable style near the shrine erected by Amin Nawaz
Khan.

Dargah of Mansur Shah Wali Sahib — Built by Madhadji Seindia Ali

Jah Bahadur. The tomb of the saint is of white marble. Within the

Dargah are an Aghor Khana and a Music gallery. The style of this
building, especially of the tomb, is very beautiful.

Hau] or Cistern of Khazana Bag about 400 years old — An extensive re-
servoir substantially and beautifully built of stone and chunam by Salabat
Khan.

Temple of Gungalare — An ancient substantial and elegant Himadpanti tem-
ple ; surrounded by water.

Temple of Jata S'ankar — Also attributed Himadpant — A substantial and
elegant building.

A playing fountain about 400 years old — ^Erected by Salabat Kh&n. It is a
very large and substantial octangular reservoir constructed of stone and
chunam, now dry.

45. Pathrur — Dargah of Khawaja Makdum Ansari about 500 years old : —

a substantial stone building, said to have been built in the lifetime of the
saint. Kali Masjid.

46. Takrun, Taluk Pathrur— A beautiful and substantial Dargah of a saint

about 400 years old.

47. AmbS, Jog&i or Mominabad — Temple of Jogesvari — ^A substantial and

elegant Himadpanti building ; also other fine Hemadpanti remains.

48. Kej — Dargah of Mashabud-din about 500 years old.

A substantial and elegant Math or Monastery about 700 years old : erected
by Mahaling Aiah.

49. Astl — A mosque with a cistern, two platforms in front and domes about 400

years old, built by Gauri Khan ; on one platform are several tombs ; the
cistern and the domes are of beautiful workmanship.

B 104—0

58

50. Sholapur Sugur — ^A Mosque about 300 years old.

51. Roza Gumbaz or dome do.

52. Kamjavin do. do.

53. Guji — A Mosque do.

54. Shapur Fort do.

55. Bazluli — Mosque do.

56. Badravin do. do.

57. Yadglr— Fort do.

58. Taluk Daigaon, Gulbarga — Six mosques about 300 years old ; the Juma

Mosque is an extensive and substantial one.

Six dargahs — Of Khwaja Banda Nawaz and other saints are situated in and
about the town of Gulbarga. The Dargah of Shaikh Sirajuddin Junaide
has two very lofty minarets. A substantial but unoccupied fort has a
large masjid in it.

59. Kurungal — Two Mosques.

60. Urpet — A Mosque do.

61. Jagimpet — Do. do.

62. Sedam — A Mosque and temples do.

63. Raichor Mandargi — Temple do.

64. J, ChinchoU do, do.

65. „ Remangud — 2 Temples do.

66. „ Keswa — Temple do.

67. „ Maghu — Do. do.

68. „ Digulkhandi do.

69. Par, Taluka Kushtaji, W, Raichor — Temple of SomesVar about 1,000

years old within half a mile of the village. Appears as if sunk in the
earth, but is lofty and striking inside ; the walls are sculptured with
the Linga, one stone alone having the forms of 50 lingas on it. The
temple has several doors and a substantial well within its precincts.

70. Kanakgiri, between Lingasagar and Balari — Two old Temples covered

with carving inside ; the ceilings have been coloured, and are still in a
fair state of preservation ; in the court are two long inscriptions in old
characters. Temple of Gungajelpani— An ancient, substantial and extraor-
dinary building at which a religious fair is annually held ; some say that it
was built by one of the Rajas of Kanakgiri, while others attribute it to
one of those of Anagundi.

71. Hanam Sagar, Taluka Kushtagi — Temple of Balaji about 500 years old.

Built by one Nagar Sianjl, an ancestor of Venkaya Desai of Kotapari,
on the crest of a small hill standing on the out-skirts of the town ; built
of white stone.

72. Barjl, Taluka Hanam Sagar — Temple of Gonidraj, built by Nagar Sianji;

has a temple of Balaji below it.

59

73. Kasba between Hanam Sagar and Barji — Temple of Mahadeva, built by

Nager Sianji on a hill.

74. Jaldurg in Taluk Lingsugur — An ancient Fort on an elevated islet in the

river Krishna which flows on both sides of it.

75. Mudgal — An old Fort 8 miles from Lingsugur.

76. Raichor — A large old Fort. Juma Masjid — In the fort lately repaired at

the expense of Government. And another large ancient and substantial
mosque outside the Fort. Dargah of Panj Bibian (the shrine of 5 ladies).
An old building in the upper part of the fort.

77. Bichal — Anikat across the Tungabadra River : an old work.

78. Gabur — An old temple.

79. Manvl — A Mosque.

80. Kawtal — A Mosque.

81. Pagalwar — A Temple.

82. Alpur — Two temples in the fort, built of huge stones.

83. Sangwar — A Temple. On the bank of the Tungbadra River between Kasba,

Alpur and Moza Sangwar — a very ancient building called " Papanasi "
by the Hindus who believe bathing there to have the merit of bathing at
Kasi.

84. Duksul — An old temple.

85. Undoill — An old temple.

86. Paktur — An old temple and a fort on the bank of the Krishna ; built of

corundum and Seloo stones.

87. Karikal, 1 kos south of Lingasugur — Ruined Temples and inscriptions ;

there are also said to be other fine Temples about 5 miles from Linga-
sagur.

88' Hampi, or Bijanagar — Is a mass of interesting ruins of considerable age,

89. Rdjagdnw,

90. Jayapu Kothali, 12 kos from Ajunta,

91. Pimpalgiinw, 5 kos from Khamgaum,

92. Chandol near Jafrabad,

93. Adhola, 9 kos from Jdlna,

94. Uchgdnw, 7 kos from Jdlna,

95. Ambad, 9 kos from Jdlna,

96. Bahiroba's Pimpalg^nw,

97. Kdsner, near Adhola and Paithan,

98. Chinchakheda, 9 kos from Jdlna,

99. Wagriil, 5 kos from Jalna^
100. Chandol of Higada, 15 kos from J^lna,

All said by Jogi informants to
have Hemddp^nti Temples.

60

101.

Hatwan, 5 kos from Jiilna,

102.

Argsim,

103.

Umrad,

104.

Ling,

105.

Gund,

100.

Waroni,

107.

Wadali,

108.

Masla,

109.

Goradar,

110.

Dalsinji,

111.

Pipalkotli, 1 kos from Chikli,

All said by Jogi informants to
!^ have Hemildpanti Temples.

J

AT : VmDrriD at THX OOVKIiMICEirT CWXTlfkL tHi

No. 6]

TRANSLATIONS OF INSCRIPTIONS

FROM

BELGAUM ANDKALADGI DISTRICTS

IN

THE REPORT OF THE FIRST SEASOJ^'S OPERATIONS

OF THE

ARCHiEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WESTERN INDIA,

Bt J. F. FLEET, Esq., Bo.C.S.;

AND OF

INSCRIPTIONS FROM KATHIAWAD AND KACHH,

By HARI VAMAN LIMAYA, B.A.

PRINTED BY ORDER OF GOVERNMENT AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS.

1876.
5*)

MEMOEANDIjM.

The following pages contain two separate series of inscriptions : the first,
drawn principally from the materials collected for my Archceological Report on the
Belgaum and Kaladgi DistridSy and published by the India Office, with translitera-
t^ons and translations by J, F. Fleet, Esq,, C.S. These leave little or nothing to be
desired in the way of revision. The second portion consists of translations mostly
from eye-copies, and a few from facsimiles, the transliterations of which were
edited by the translator in the return No. 2. A careful examination of the texts
by competent Sanskrit scholars will probably suggest corrections both in them and
in the versions. Indeed, while passing through the press Dr. G. Btthler has
very kindly supplied important corrections both of the texts and versions.
I shall be greatly obliged by any such emendations as scholars may communi-
cate to me before the final publication of my Beport now in the Press.

J. BURGESS,
ArchaBological Surveyor and Reporter

to Government.
Au,rangabady \st March 1876.

Old Canarese Inscription on a Stone-tablet- at the Temple of Fan-
chalingadeva, at Manoli, in the Farasgad Talnka of the Belganm
District.

Transcription.

Daoo33S5jJe>93 0(3^0)33301) aso^JiSj II o
[2]o 3a50535^3:5j<si)s Q3Cp^A8^52oJ( :sj ) jSjsoj^io qspnc^jsff

^00 csojjJBO jsjcSjb^jbsoo
[3] ^acSjaoSjj SjajSjr a^osj^gjo n ^sosass^STtJSaJjjsDjjcD xl)8j23c.

0JSJ^(i)JjOC303 3J03^8£i3,-
[4] OSSJJS tJS6T\& a^as 5fi30JS&Sii)C3jnJ SJJ<3SjJC0 3aJ0O(0)

SJ)0 II
[51© 0303 ( ^ ) i)5 f J3 Jp^TU^AjgSJKDJCSSjSeiJ' ZJOiS^OT^O -

o333o ^5S3330 D3SJ7^C-

djo^

V

tssSrt ron-
8] ^ocSo II ^5^3^(<t5^) 3j5je)S30 S3j5jo3oc5jk5 II 30AJ3^0tAJ

08 sSjjoj 33roo30J^;3o j) ^5)^ ^StJ)(^)<^?^®5^^

15] 3i^80S0{3 II CCDDC355D30DA05Sr'i3j9oSS;8 3oS 33jss,^q::33-

233 OAjc3o8(:3o333<?s®$e3r(^r)oa)3Joa7^ ^g s«TOac5o n

1 7 ] O J3J3755&3S023j5)S^S5JAq335iJS7\J38i rOSro023J®a<?Sj3ro9 3J0S ( 0J)5_

( ?i )202J ( 20 r )S7^S0'?SjO SSSJOA5302root3S^3<?OA&00-)'^J!3-

18] o3ro?«SD2i2^37^og 039k (J)) 0300(01)0) ^S€fo3asa^j5)05Srv5.
;l)(5fo^s s^ASJ* ^iDD25?Jo II ciA ssAJoCiT^ J5sgo CL-ASJO

SS3e)(i3J)CX-^r-
19] C5O30CC5 333^33JCSc05 2i7tC35i33GS5J^0 2iAC39S3JOJ^JaS(iSJ35)-

9]

10]

11]

12]

13]

B.zSXiA 5jo5Sro3aDO

q5s3J^ g)3oACoc5o •SjsSj^t^ «3joj

&0-

* In the Old Canarese alphabet there are two signs for the Virlbna, — 1, the vowel 'u' ; and 2,
a modification of the vowel ' e '. The former » used in the present word after the letter ' jr ', but, for the
sake of the metre, it mnst here be prononnced as a vowel, and not be treated as the Yir&ma ; i.i>.
we moat read ' Jamadagnni', not ' Jamadagni*.

t For the sake of the metre this word mnst be read as if written St^OT^J.

['20] z^JS^r(^r)Zjo ^s520jo3jo s^}£ZjxS^ zixsSjn^-

[21] 23(<J?) ?^ao 2jJCJ35(;?A).S5> JSJCjaJ(5()C3*30 SiJOJ^JSJ (2flj35)-

c5c3oc5j8cS II

OJ)r>o 5i;^'0(3^0.for5J^O)ao(a)g7^J3S|,o a^S 3Ajp^Ava— (pvs)^q^(3)Ho-

ODSXSSSSO

[23] ^o;3go SS33«5 (£fJ3553023? tiS^ ©S(3)?33 Bo3XOLb]r for

5:cl)) /i^33or(8JDr)ca) ©3^5sso2Dj3)0 55j3Jssj33Z}5o ^OCSsefjo CjSo
[24] cSjsSo II SSB^SSTO s3j3]A:3sSjO Sjo55;cSs^5i3a0SJ0 sscj^a

[25] aSa^SoSS^Ca 538ir5 SjO(3JS3) SjJpn^ (Sjjpn*-

[26] 3j3w2D^^c3J^o [ ^0 ] cS^ 433?55^3^^ ( fn^jB ST ) cro 5,Sg];&,-

[27] ;3war(S33r)^323 30jcj^j8j(q5j3j) j^sjcSopva (C3ocS33)o3))
20 ^)oa33SJOo sJjBjAcSjs (SO) ;5tor(sr) ^sj^ssdtn scs^p^oiD (odo.

[28] fj^t^*^^"®^^ ^^'^) ^° ssjaa ?j3WjO II ss5e)3^_

ZjB ^J3S7tC5jS^(^ * ^52D013(^0A7^ ^COO ^SJ^r (S r)SSSJ3j( 3| ) 3C -

[29] 3q^58O300a3iJ33n0ao J^^^SJ^^^O S3]4S3eSS;l©,^5r (fT'jB JF)-

q3S (C33 ) 03 (3) 3,3^C30 OOf^Stf g,83D3^2i F^^i^O-

[30] C3^O||0J^0j5A0 II SJJOJ^J35(5ji-©S)SiS5J^(^JSJK,(2iO) 3(3)3'-

20J3ro(OJifio) ^5^j5^Ac5sssc30C5D?>s3o ao30s3j;S ^SSjjosjo q53 sSjj.
[31]CJ s^aosoj^^o OK.7>.r(r\r)g^o n ^(5.)ii 36£xs3C(oj)

c — ^0(3('

B 569—6

[33] C33A;5J3dJ S3A02jJSC5j8*/ SSJSJJ353?5jSJ7KC5sS50 ^S-

[35] ssra ^^ (:^)55c5j3V' II 33jnc5 s3oA;3 ^ c.

33^7T3( A )0Sd5vJJCC3 3J850t3A^F-3S3(SSr)C5C5^JS) 5r( £5jS) ST ) ACS ^So^OCD

[36] A)ro 5Jt)^ro II 03^^353 SJots^AJS i35fn^tj S50g,_

[37] ^JSS7^^0C5J0 II 230X30* ^5^ (^)D35AO(A)f3t3Fe!C3

[38] oiij^5^(^03^S^y(jg)Oa0oc3J0j3s»30^f^o(33j)r)pTjsjJo ci^r^C-
[39] VJ7t>OS5JJStSjs;srB5 efjaySSja&Jo' ll sopn^ccSoAgiDasr;-

03 S50C3O?\^,3 FSoAO ( a ) 3S0 C5j30 JjSO

[40] 03Jj55S<Sf^ 33SS JJ^o t c?«ta)ai)|rao SSpS^oao ;TO36;3c5j-

fosoo ;55^2;5s5j«>^SFc5j3]jAc4^5Je)o;33©o dosjo

[41] SlOA^ej^JiO 325033,50^5 SP^SJO tJO(8J)pT2jO II S3J|i-

ssraJ5;AJ053Jt©SJ3^rojs5^5j303;Doojo 23tiia35)7L
['42] 5^<g^ 3oS3aS) 56rii§PoC5o ^jb^o* [y ] sjg^o ^5SJo!3€9o.

ACSjSOA ;3S5J5|[5)]05 o2:?5oD JoS) 30S5J S5JJ3SJ30 C3?^ 5)5S5j03:3-
[43] ^^OCSCS ZSX^Sd^ 3^A 8oJ5)SCS SoJO^ SoS®' 36^ SjCSJ-

[44] 05^0 AS55J SlX/3(30' 33^C5S^ 3o5©' g6pT»3A8 SjSj.
SeSf 30J53Wj JX5A€3* 36j3^JS30 goto(2^)^ [||] SJS5-

[45] Bo Sosef o3joA2^a6^(^o 33SJi3€3* ^joasSJAoAosix) 2o-

aA®* Sm. 3^0 S3JJ33<SJ* 03b€fC5J80W SJ^oJiOaDSjaO-

* This letter, 7<, having been at first omitted in the origins], was inserted abore the

line, orer its proper place.

t Tobe pronounced, for the sake of the metre, as if written t- uCiio — *..

[46] 3^0 53553(233)03:) SoS^J^OJ) ZXiS ©333301) 5^€f 2J'^
3J05 38J3 r(SS F)2J3q5(0)3353o3C 0333 C5jS3Sr(Ar) 03[)6fa33goS507^ ftbj^-

[47] ;§n0CD ;5<?C3 ^JOAS^T^ 33j5)5S5JS33CC30' <5S33<j?7t A3ri-
[48] C3J 03u(W)3J553^Sjej' ?v®^ 33QJ5 ZcziA 03;^0J) ^J3-

ca)€J3^ ?j303:)j 5jcd:so* aS^as^ 23j3ssiA08c3j [SJ].
[49] gjjso* (xo(w)S35>333Av* Sx^sSo ssjo.s^jssa' ;^(ca/i)8j3^r\-

[50] SO* a6jK3je>jowc5 ssjoacsn 3o3n A!s5j ^jossjAot^ 2j-

cSJSSn 5jSs5j 8J3ao5) Sjbjow iXSAn A?55j-

[5l] 03befC5J350t3 [ II ] SS^O iJSSzZJtl^Oi^ 05^03^ ZJ^ GDCiSXid^

[52) ZJdAn ^53j S^ 5©J [ II ] 3J0J7T;3ao3<?©* 36Je)CSJ30ti

SDJMJ ^5SS33S5S5J33D3O3i3rC55S50 ^8;So3l)0 S5.TOa
[53] C^ SSSSSfl WOAjJJBST^OOTtjIJSSTV?^ 3^r;5S5j;3|S53y\ ^SSjCSD^&rSXD-

38oCO(0)pn|^p3D333j3^r3o SSJSft ^'J^l'tA^ SJJ^^]
[54] caX) S5JJ336I' 36? OO 3C«0' 5^D3r5j7T07^0SOO sJcDsse?'-

;3u 5^0 wOAd' o3b€fo3(ic5j3sot3 iy^cOiCQxsjsCd [ II ]

[55] S5j3jSS33 g,?33 (?33JSSC5j3V* W)36j^J80ul» 8J3,go/lS?t q:3C3_

3J0OC<SfC[:D.] -*

[56] WjSSoixsfocSj 3jojysj3S€fcSj tjo5i;lncgfoj3j crosSos:;.

8J3,^ia3)€fS3J 7U«3S53J3D(SfOC5J K07n33CSSCJS5SJ«)d<S?CCSJ ^^5ln [C<S)3j^>"

[57] OJ^ [11 ] O SSJ|iO t^i 23jS>S?^C55i3J3303)SD* O^J^SO CJ

JJoaoSDJS^ "^SSDjQi^O ;3o5X?55)^;3S50 «CJS53j3(3^5^©jAjCS5JJ3;3Je)SSrC-

0!0^J3-

[58] ei33eijM 3a)C0(C)PjJ5J0 tJQtil q;3D33jJ3J3r3;337\ goCS(CS)CJ

?J3fc^ 33jS*)J03) ^;3.3S3jJ;3 (C3 )8d1)03oOc5 ''Sji33S|C5€!^ 3J3j0pn[£^]-

[59] r>*A II So II ?J3S0pn'5$jri^oD 3o303p5a^5oQ33J3«J)J

;33d3o SSJSiO 53Cpn*?3j;5FT^23 OD 7l®S3oJ5ao 3c5 tJ3 -t

* One or two letters are lost here, the stoae being broken awaj at the side.

t Similarlj, one or two letters are lost here.

[60] oJj^ozSjBjotio II t^ 3J3SWCS sSjjdcflao sJSjs s5JX)Cro?\

303?353V^^03; l©Jtia I33Ca3a((X0)!0|(g)O0 305 S5JJ0— C30r\ cSjsc

S5.»J0C)[CS F]

[66] S30tt)I§i33aD3D;3D35sA (5)7^9J (7J0) 33J3^Ji.©!30C3^?^r33-
00 tJOO S,8Sro^;5JJ5i3' II ^C530(33jO) r3CC3^0(35jO) 533

[67] a3bJ3S 363S8 s;3jo:;Si33(D3o) [|i ] 35 (?() ij^js^ r?(F336;u^_

f^ *)5gjCn330 25301)35 a,^)J(*5JS) ||

Translation.

Reverence to S'ambhu, *'' who is made beautiful by a ehauri, which is the
moon that lightly rests upon his lofty head, and who is the foundation pillar for
the erection of the city of the three worlds !

In JambAdvipa, ^'^ the most excellent region to the south of Mdni, which is
worthy of great worship in this earth encircled by the ocean, is Bharataksh&tra,
which is equally resplendent and beautiful. In Kuntala, which like a beautiful
braid of hair adorns the land of Bharata, is the broad district of Toragale ; the
very pleasant city of Munipura is esteemed the chief beauty of that district. So
that you may say that it is like the city of the gods resplendent in the universe,
Munipura is more glorious than a crore of other sacred places of pilgrimage
from (its being the favourite residence pf the sages) V6da-vydsa, Kutsa, Jama-

(^) Siva, who bears a digit of the moon on his tiara.

^-> Jambudvipa is the central division of the world. The golden monntain Mdm is the centre
of Janibudvipa. Bharataksh^tra, ' the land of Bharata ', is India.

dagni, Vas'islitlia, Bharadvli.ja, Attri, and VisV&mitra, who confessed that it was

the birth-place of Pafichalinga ^*^ and the • abode of the goddess of fortune, and

■

that, being possessed of the waters of the Eamagangi, ^*^ it was worthy to be
worshipped both in this world and in the next. To describe the pleasure-garden
of that city : — Munivalli has always been considered to be the birth-place
of the goddess of fortune on account of its black bees and its cocoanuts, and
arecanuts, and rose-apples, and the fruits of the M&dhu ; on account of its jack-
trees, and mango-trees, and lime-trees, and orange-trees, and clove-trees, and
betel-plants, and Surahonne-trees, and Sup&tali-trees, and FArijata-trees, and
Puntr&ga-trees, and As'dka-trees ; and on account of the betel-creepers that cause
a dense gloom. This same Munipura was the abode of the sages Sanaka, Sanan-
dana, Jamadagni, Vibhanduka, and others ; he who with joy protects it, daily
delighting in the perpetual beauties of the pleasure-garden of that city, is Paficha-
linga ; its high prosperity shall outshine riches and gold as long as the earth and
M€ru and the moon shall last.

Hail ! While the valorous universal emperor, the glorious King Singhana-
deva, — the favourite of the world, the supreme king of great kings, the supreme
lord, the most venerable, the sun of the white lotuses of the family of the glori-
ous Jaitugideva, ^^^ the best among the Yadavas, — was ruling at his capital of D6-
vao-iri wityh the recreation of pleasing conversations : — King Singhana, the sov-
ereign of the Yfidavas, — having invaded and acquired with the edge of the sword,
which was his arm, the territory of the hostile kings, and having charmingly be-
come the sole ruler of the world, — by n^eans of his mighty rule made the whole
earth, (which rests) upon the tusks of the elephants (that stand) at the points of
the compass, his prey. While the kings of Malava and Chera and Chola and
Mao-adha, and the lords of the countries of GArjara, P&ndya^ L41a, N^p^la,

Turushka, Barbariga, K6raTa, Pallava, Anga, Vengi, P&nch&la, Kalinga, and Sin*

• • •

dhu were reigning, — Singhana, the king of men, governing the earth in happi-

(s) Sira, who is the ultimate object of the linga worship, is called Panchalinga, ' he who has
five lingas ', probably from the chief places at which he is worshipped under that emblem being
fire in number, viz: — 1, Conjevaram, where there is the * prUhivUUr^a\ or Unga made of earth; 2,
Jambukds'yara, where there is the * ahlin(ja\ or ling^ from which water is said to exude perpe^
tually ; 3, Tinmamale, where there is the * tijo-linga ', or linga which sparkles with light ; 4, E&lahasti,
where there is the ' vdyi^lingay or linga the lamp of which is said to be kept in constant vibration by
the wind ; and 5, Chidambara, where there is the * dkdia-linga^ op aerial or sham linga^ i.e., where
the linga is worshipped without any material form of it being kept in the temple.

(4) This would seem to be another name for the Malaprah&ri. Many. rivers Are called Ganga
because the waters of the real Ganges are supposed to flow into them periodically.

(s) Jaitugi was the name of the father, as well as of the son, of Singhanadeva,

B 569— c

8

ness, was glorious like the king of the gods. The world had become hk prey ;
and, saying *^ Let him rule the earth with justice '', King Singhana gave the
government of the earth to Jagadala Purush6ttama. On a religious occasion
King Singhana, who was preeminent in reqiect of his renown, saying *^ Let him
build the city of S'ivapura," gave the celebration of the rites of Purush6ttama ^•^
to J6gadSva. Best among a hundred millions is the family of Purushdttama,
who is a very M6ru in respect of his firm dignity and the lustre o£ his excellent
fame, and who, through the influence of his star^ is a very asylum of mankind,
a very jewel of a man. And the lineage of that same JdgadSva is this : — Pafi-
chalinga, the lord of the daughter ^^ of the mountain, is the propitious lord of his
fSunily ; his g6tra ^^^ is that of Kaundinya with (the pravara ^'^ of) Yasishtha and
Maitravaruna ; lUmadSva^ firm in truth, is adorned with the qualities of a father
(towards him) ; the honoured L6k4mbike is his mother ; Gaurbh&yi is his charm-
ing wife ; S6man&tha, the bridegroom of the goddess of fortune, is the son of
him, the husband of the goddess of fortune ; — ^how fortunate, then, is J6gaddva I
And, that same J6gadSva having exercised authority over many countries
and having ruled happily ; — ^Hail 1 — On the holy occasion of an eclipse of the
moon on Monday, the day of the full-moon of the bright fortnight of the month
KArttika of the Chitrabh&nu samvatsara^ ^^^^ which was the year of the glorious
S'aka era 1145, at the command of the Dandan&yaka ^^^ Purush6ttama, who was
the manager of all the affairs of the glorious SinghanadSva, J6gad6va gave with
gifts of gold and Ubations of water (the village of) Kallavole, as a grant to be
respected by all, to the god S'rl-PaflchalingadSva, the self -existent one, for the
purposes of his temple with beautiful pinnacles, for the purpose of repairing any-
thing that might become broken or torn or word out, for the purposes of the
perpetual ofEering, for the purposes of the angdbhdga ^'^ and the rangabkdga ^^*^ and
for the purposes of a charitable dining-hall. Jdgaddva, the excellent husband of

(^) Vishmi, ' the supreme spirit.'

(^ F&rvati, the wife of Siva and danghter of the mountain HimUaya.

(8) * Ootra^^— family or hvndred.

(9) < Frcmara ' means the invocation of those ancestors whose names are to be oonpled with that
of Agni, the god of fire, when the latter is inyited to be present at the consecration of the sacrificial
fire.

(^^) According to the taUe in Brown's Gamatic Ohronologyy the Chitrabh&nn aamvaUaraiA S'aka
1144, and S'aka 1145 is the Snbh&nu or Svabh&nn iomvciUara,

(^^) ' Dandaniyaka', ' DandMhipa', ' Dand^dhis V, or 'Cham&pa', as used in inscriptions, appears

• • • • • •

to denote a military offiber with administrative charge.

(^>) I have not been able to obtain any satisfactory explanation of these terms as used in con*
nexion with the worship of idols.

the goddess of fortune, being gracious, in his affection respectMly gave to (the
god) S'ri-Pafichalinga (the village of ) Eallavole, as a firm grant to be respected
by all, for the purposes of the Chaitrapavitra, ^^^ of repairing anything that might
become torn or worn out, and of a charitable dining-hall ; the lords of the earth
shall preserve this grant as long as the ocean and the moon and sim may last.
S'rji-J6gadSva, the DandMhis'a, the good man, the yoimger brother of Purush6t-
tama, gave as a firm grant the city of Slvapura to Br^mans for as long as the
earth and MSru and the moon may endure. J6gaddva, the Cham^lpa, joyfully
gave sixteen allotments, each of two hundred kammas, ^%oi land), to the excellent
Br&hmans of Slvapura, in four out of the ancient villages. And if you ask in
what villages respectively : — In Munipura, in Sindavige, in AganAr, and in
N&garapura. J6gaddva, who followed the precepts of Manu, with affection and
modesty gave sixteen allotments to Br&hmans. In order that it might be esteem-
ed preeminent in the world, Jdgaddva, the Dandddhis^a, the younger brother of
Jagadala-Furush6ttama, declared that S'ivapura surpasses the charming land
of enjoyment. ^'^

And on the same occasion : — The gardeners of the jewel-mine Munipura,
who were the receptacles of great liberality, acquired renown through the strength
and the power and the eminence of their wealth, their truth, their firm determina-
tion, their perseverance, and their heroism. The gardeners, who had obtained the
excellent favour of the lotuses which are the feet of (the god) Paflchalinga, who is
resplendent throughout the world, gave perpetually year by year for the purposes
of the rangabh&ga a handage^^^ on the (total produce of) dried firuits, grain, &c. ^^^

Honourable, worthy to be accounted foremost among the brave, possessed
of a 'most excellent reputation by reason of the strength and the eminence and the
greatness of their firm determination, the preservers of all religious rites, worthy

0^ Perhaps ' the purificatory rites of (the month) Ghaitra'. In other passagfs the words are
separate, — ^chofUraike pavUrakke*; e. g. in line 75 of theN&sargi inscription, Jo. Bo. Br. B. A» 8,
VoL X. No. xxiz, p. 240.

(^^) ' Kamma * or * kamha ' — an ancient land-measme the valoe of which is not now known.

(U> ' Svargoj* or paradise, where people enjoy the reward of their works.

on * Kamdage * is the modem * khcmdaga * or ' lAanduga*, equivalent to about three bushels.

Ciy) * rifMi^d ' ;— but the meaning to be giyen to* Mm', of which we have the dative case

** ..

here and the genitive case, ^tdrina \ in line 48 below, is not certain. In Sanderson's Canarese Die-
Uonary ' idru ' is given as meaning as a noun an omen, ihelairof a door^ apartictdar tree, and as a
veieh to become thin, exhatutod with fcUigue, dried up. As he gives also a form ' ^tfru' in the meaning
of a door-har and the tree eo called^ ^ tdru* may be assumed to be also the old form of the root in its
verbal significations. And it would seem to me that the word as used in this mscription is connected
with the root in its verbal signification to become dried up, and means dried produce generally.

10

to be worshipped, more glorious than any others, abounding in holy deeds, pos-
sessed of a profound firmness that comprised a number of various good quahties ,
firm in truth, the granters of all requests,— such are the Ugura Three-himdred, ^^®^
who are worthy to be worshipped in this world. Even the Unborn cannot de-
scribe the greatness of the Five-hundred-and-four, who occupied themselves in all
the rites of rehgion, which greatness, resulting from their protecting might,
their generosity, the powerful attraction of their truth, and the eminence of their
energy, was such that you might say that one who asked them for protection or
begged of them a fi:eedom fi:om old age and death was certain to attain his desir-
ed object ; who, then, may describe it ? And whenever those same Ugura Three-
hundred and the Five-hundred-and-four asked with importunity (?), ^^^^ they gave
one coin such as is given on marriage occasions.

And the boundaries of the three hundred kammas of cultivated land, (which
were given as a grant) to be respected, to the god S 'ri-PafichalingadSva, are : —
On the E., the high-road that goes to the valley ; on the S., a rivulet ; on the W.,
the cultivated land called Akkas&Ugeye ; and on the K, the cultivated land called
Hebballaharalakeyi And the boundaries of one mattar ^^^ (of land, whieh also
was given to the god, are) : — On the E., (the temple of) the goddess K&lik&dSvi ;
on the S., the tank called Hanitegere ; on the W., (the village of) Karuvetta ;
and on the N., the high-road (to the village) of Hdvinakal. Also the fixed con-
tribution that was allotted, free from all opposing claims, on the betel plantation
measuring five himdred hdis ^*^^ , which was to the S. of (the temple of) the god,
to the W. of the rivulet called YafigarattihaJla, to the N. of the (river)-
S'ri-BAmagange, and to the E. of a stone set upright in the ground, was

(18) It is not apparent who are the * Ugura Three-hundred ' and the * Five-hundred-and-four '.
Some large religious establishment appears to be alluded to, and perhaps it is the establishment of
the priests of the templeof Ellammft or EdnuH at Ugargol, which is close to Saundatti in the
Parasgad T41uk& of the Belgaum District The temple is one of great note, it has a large establish-
ment of priests, and great numbers of people go on pilgrimages to it at stated times ; but, though
the shrine has every appearance of being of seme autiquitj, I have met with no allusions to it in
inscriptions, unless the present is one. The ' .Ugura Five-hundred ' and the * Eleya-Bdjagaru Five-
hundred-and-four ' are mentioned also in line 28-9 of No. IV. of my Sindavams'a inscriptions at
page 253 et seqq, of Vol. X of the Jo. Bo. Br. R A. 8.

09) f OhatturdsigeridalU * ; but the meaning is not at all certain. In analysing it as ^ckait^rdsig€

• • * *

erldalli\ I would connect * chattwrdsige ' with * chAtrdyM to he obstinate, hardened.

•• •

(20) « Mattar \ — an ancient land-measure the value of which is now known.

(21) * KvU \ a pit, hole. The meaning of the tax is probably * a betel-plantation capable of
Jiolding'five hundred plants'.

11

the impost of the HankekuU ; ^"> and the contribution on the profits was the im-
post of a bundle of betel-leaves levied on the road ; and (there was allotted)
to that same god one visa ^"^ on each load of a beast of burden of betel-leaves.
Two solasages ^*^ of oil (were given) on (each) oil-mill, to provide for the cere-
mony of averting the effects of the evil eye which was held on Mondays at Singa-
vatti of that locality. And one oil-mill was set apart for the god. Sixty culti-
vators gave a kandage of dried fruits, grain, &c. And the reapers of the betel-
plants will give (a contribution) when they reap, and the consumers of betel-
leaves will willingly give (a contribution). The ministers of the king shall re-
cognise these imposts. And the sellers of betel-leaves and arecanuts inside the
village wiQ give (a contribution) when they realise in cash the prices that they
obtain.

The E. and S. boundary of a flower-garden, (which was given to the same
god,) is the river S'ri-RAmagange ; the W. boundary is the garden of the
Basadi ; ^^^ and the N. boundary is a plantation of betel-plants.

And the boundaries of a garden on the river containing five hundred betel-
plants are : — On the B., the river S'ri-BAmagange ; on the S. and. W. and N.,
stones set upright in the ground. (Also there were given) three flower-gardens
in the waste land called Suruganah&l.

Having established the shrine of the god S'ri-M4dhavand>dlyana and hav-

ing given as a grant to be respected by all, with gifts of gold and libations of

■ * •

water, {the village of) Sattiyakere for the purposes of the angabhoga and ranga-

bJioga of that same god, (there was given) a betel-plantation of five hundred kulis

to the E. of Munivalli, to the S. of a rivulet, to the W. of the river S'rt-EAma-

gauge, and to the N. of a stone set upright in the ground.

And on the same occasion there were given to the Br^hmans of Brahmapuri,

with libations of water, two allotments at (the village of) Eadakula, two at Bal-

ligere, two at Hulukund, two at — ttase, two at Kuru|anAr, two at BannivAr,

two at D&deyab&vi, two at GoravanAr, two at JangavfidanaruvanAr, and four at

HalevAr.

And, while that same J6gad6van&yaka was cherishing the practices of reli-

(^) Meaning not known. ' Harike * is a vow ; and ' hdi ' , in addition to the meaning given
in the preceding note, means, as a verb, to dig a holey to protect, to journey.

(P) Explained to me as being the same as ' duddu \ the fourth part of cm anna. In Sanderson's
Dictionary ' visa ' is giren as meaning one-Mteenthy a share, portion ; and we have also ' vise * five seers,

(2*) * Solasage* is perhaps a mistake for 'soUige, solige, solage, or solege \ the sixty ^fourth part
of a * holaga \ which is eqoivalent to about three-twentieths of a bushel.

(*) * Basadi\ — ^modern ' Basi^, — a Jain temple.
B 569— rf

12

gion, sixty cultivators ^ acquired and gave to the IJgura Three-hundred and the
Five-hundred-and-four, with gifts of gold and libations of water, at 8'ivapura, as
a token of union, certain land of which the boundaries are : — To the N.E. there
is a row of tamarind trees arranged in the form of a festoon of flowers hung
over a doorway. To the S. of the row of tamarind trees, arranged in the form
of a festoon of flowers hung over a doorway, there is the garden of B&rakkura,
which is to the S. of the ornamented gateway of the temple of (the goddess)
Kilranikemasanikabbe which stands together with the land of Jindndra, the foe of
passion. From the boundary of that garden towards the W. there is the garden
i)[ the merchant Kimbharakilisetti ; from the N. W. of this garden towards the
H. there are the gardens of Hariimbab&vi-Brahmaya, Alahittaya, and Bana-
vaya ; thence towards the W. there are the road that goes to Eallavole and the
sacred shrine on the (river) Malaprah&ri called Budratirtha ; thence to the N.
(we come to the village of) Karuguppe, from the centre of which (we come to
the village of) Kuppe, below which is the road to Modaltbr ; thence (we come to)
the row of tamannd-trees, arranged like a festoon of flowers hung over a door-
way, and commencing from a tamarind-tree which stands at the junction of the
cultivated land called Kodagadikeyi and the field called E&likaveyola and the
stream. Such is the course of the boundaries.

Since - - - • - all belongs equally to the god S'rl-Pafichalingad^va,
the regents of the four principal points of the compass, and kings, and the Five-
hundred who are perfect in respect of their religion, and the One-thousand, and the
(inhabitants of the) four cities, and the people of (the locality called) * Seven-and-a-
httlf ', ^"^ and of (the locality called) *Bleven-and-a-half * ^*'^ and of many districts on
both sides, shall preserve this religious grant of rent-free service*land as long as
t he earth and the water and the moon and sun and stars may last, avoiding the
commission of the ten faults.

Ho is born for the duration of sixty thousand years as a worm in ordure
who confiscates land that has been given whether by himself or by another.

(211) 'j^iiin fiDonui to bo a toohnioal expression ; we meet with it again in line 44 of tlie Gnlhalli
iiiH(*ri|)ti()n at pp. iOQui mqq. of No. zzvii, VoL IX, of the Jo. Bo. Br. R. A. 8,\ in line 38 of the
K itt6r iiiMcri|>tion at pp. 804 ei seqq, of the same ; in line 2 of No. lEL of the Batta inscriptions at
ji|). U<)4ri^M//7, of No. ixix, Vol. X. of the same; and in line 78 of No. YI. of the Ratta inscrip-
li'iMH at pp. tS40 ni tetjq. of the same ; and I have fonnd the same expression in other inscriptions
Dili ytst publlnhiHl.

<^) Bit Note S3 to No. VI. of the Batta inscriptions referred to aboye.

13

Badami. — Cave III. Insceiptionb,
No. 10. Plate XXXIV.

Tra/nscription.

[2] eu ?j3ocsos&:, sD36(aoJ)) ^;dJA9J S-

[3] 43(^)5C5 ?J!)3(3,)?^^ 5J33SSjSJ(3J,) [ l|] «,?[ II ]

Translation.

May prosperity attend the bastion, which was built, at the order of the
great King Kondarftja, on the fifteenth day of the bright fortnight of (the month)
Ash&dha, of the S6bhakrit samvatsara * ! S rl !

Badami. — Cave IIL Imscbiftions.
No. 19. Plate XXXV.

Transcription.

[1] ^J3f^ (33) ^ (|_)|j055SJ0a e^i36(?P) ?3(q5) 3J rw-

[2] eU3 3C335SSD3a3[X3 3&3SJC5-

[3] e.5 e3^JSigpt33CJ3J30J3 3^-

[4] AC ?J33(5^)?? (?^) a5J335SJ3J(3i) [ || ] §)5 [ ll ]

[5] ^J30GD3&A9 wG5 [ II ] ^S [ II ]

May prosperity attend the bastion, which was built, at the order of the
Nayaka Akrushappana -•--•-«- J of the King Sad&8'iY8u*aya,§
on the fifteenth day of the bright fortnight of (the month) Ash&dha of the S'6-
bhakrit samvatsara ! % S'ri ! The superintendent of the administration of the
king Kondar&ja ! S'rl !

* Probably the S'aka joar 1465 (a.i>. 1543-4).

t Tbifl letter — f), — ia to be found between ^ and i in line 4.

X The meaning of ' Eadapadala is not apparent.

• ••

§ Probably Sad&8'iTadS?amayMya of Vidylnagari or Vijayanagara, whose dates, as known to
me from other inscriptions, are S'aka 1474, 1476 or 1477, and 1483.

^ Probably the S'aka year 1465 (i.D. 1543-4).

14

Pattadakal. — Great Temple. Inscbiptions.

No. 20. Plate XLL

Transcription.*

[3] ^C3a 3DJ353rsSJCCDa|rc5AV3 n ^5,a^5S«33a|| ^6i(k3^)-
[4] 0C3 €fjSS3S5JS6(ao3)C35«)OCDC 7TO;3^F^ ^)35iO [ II ]

[7] ;5j3J53JjO [ II ] .D(5a3)a^5Aj^C3jA(Ar)0 CDA(AF) SSJSC-

[8] 3DC5C3DD3 [ II ]

Translation.

Hail. (Glorious are t) the customs of former times, which were establish-
ed ---J by S'ri-Vijayiditya,§ in whom truth was inherent,^

the favourite of the world, the supreme king of great kings, the supreme lord,
the venerable ! S'n-Vikram&ditya, || the venerable, is the preserver of (the rites

of the goddess) L6kamah&devi** tt He, who destroys

this, is on a par with people who destroy a thousand tawny-coloured cows or a

thousand Brahmans at B&ranUsi ! By the fort of Ereyadi-S'rtguppa - - - J J

■ ■ ••

* The cbaracters of the original, being those of the cave-alphabei, represent the D^vanagari or
the Canarese characters according to the language used. The language in this instance being
Ganarese, I have transcribed in the Canarese characters.

t The constmction being the nominative case plnral of ' marydde ' preceded by the relatiye parti-
ciple, some such phrase as this is needed to complete the sentence.

X The meaning of * OdndharwaTUe ' is not apparent.

§ Either the first of this name in Sir W, Elliot's Ch&lnkya genealogy, abont S'aka 617
Ta.d 695-6) ; or the second of the same namei n the same genealogy, about S'aka 890 (a.d. 968-9).

% ' Saytds'raya,^ a family-name of the ChAlukya kings.

II Either the first of this name in Sir W. Elliot's genealogy, about S'aka 655 (a-d. 733-4);
or the second of the same name, also called Taila or Tailapaddva, about S'aka 900 (a.d.
978-9). In either case Yikram^ditya was the son and successor of Ygay&ditya. [As the temple
seems to belong archsdologically to about the beginning of the 8th century, I incline to adopt the
earlier of these princes as being meant. — J. B.]

** Perhaps Lakshnu, who is called Ldkam&t&, ' the mother of the world.'

ft Again the meaning of ' Odndharwante ' is not apparent.

Xt "^^e meaning of the rest of this sentencej beginning with * dwrgamara ', is not apparent.

15

No. 11. — On the Gate at Gibnae.
Revised and Translated by Dr. Biihler.

II Ii^ll «T^: ^'. ^HRnref^qtrcRRir ^ ^fwl\ ^ ti^ f^smcfknrciimTr

arf^ II ^»m/^T <<«{1<4HW<

II- - -^ ^^^ t% ?nn iTn^Tmnr^irnT ^frr tt "if^scrf^ *ii4>«i«il ^fNtii ^^ gad^d
II 'sft^^^ ^^ 11 8 11 '5ftT«TwMTT3T»rf^ q^rtt ?r8:»ir**i«h<"Tl<iftHNHi-

11 W. f ^ II << II ^RT '^ II TRnfl<fHmdli'fi*M^ ?«T5^: || ^^7?fr[g'jtd[gr-

II ^ II ?T|r g ^:i M * < P i R< i t^<ic<i^> Tt «t: IKII »TFrrJTl'ni^q# 'rI jfTft-JTSfcre^^rr ii hif?^

11 ?i r^spTcrt iTsit^a^qrf^ I «nftr »?Tfcr^^?rr: ^f^y jt^r^ g^'sfif^: ii V9 ii ?n- ^ ii

nift^!j}<4<^f^ic» R cfcf *j[K^ l K^i^? :il g^Tf^mr 5iJTr^ t-

II « »j'^mf^55* <l<JK«i<«<^ii^*i<i,ll 3T^r^r^7»tT#R?RT: 'sfNs^SNf: »wrg; I imrrT g^-

^HM^dRrPt'fHJM^HlH: II ^ II H'ly'iHMI^wd'Tgf-
II ^^g^^strlmr^^TR: II ^^fl%: JplH^l^ H^yH«K«^a^*lirM<m: ll^o || ^^'

Vs. 1. The double mutilation and the indistinctness of most letters render a restoration im-
possible — for ms at least.

Vs. 2. Read q'c^frf^ : ^ ^o j ^rren% uncertain; at the beginoing of line 3, 19 letters hare
been lost. -

Vs. 4. At the beginning of line 4, 7 syllables have been lost

Vs. 5. perhaps ^cfil I'Sm oford^]|ttH;« Two syllables have been lost at the beginning of line 5
and ^ is uncertain.

Vs. 6. Read ^f^o ; ^cTt^fcT; dele II after ^T?;. —

Vs. 7. Read gn%

Vs. 8. Read J»5tqr5^
B569'

18

who are great like gods, whose spotless ornaments are its scions (Nemi) the son
of S'iy&, Achyuta, and Bala though

9. In that race rose a famed and illustrious royal house distinguished by
numerous virtues called Y^dava after Yadu, a king of later times.

In course of time the illustrious Mandalika was bom in this (family), at
whose feet numerous princes bowed, and who built with many gold-plates a
temple of Nemi.

10. His son was king Navaghana, who took up his new, strong (navaghana)
word against a multitude of enemies, who (gladdened) his subjects as the rain '
from newly-risen clouds (navaghana) gladdens the forest, and who was resplendent
with a fame briUiant like (a lump of) camphor (navaghana).

11. His son was the lord of the earth, Mahtpdladeva. When that king was
born, the cow of the gods, the (philosopher's) gem, and the (heavenly) trees
(which fulfil desires) became easily the slaves of his liberality. At 8'rt Prabhdsa
he built a temple of Somandtha.

12. (To him) was bom king Shangdra {Khangdr), a brand (ang&ra) in the
dominions of his foes that (were destructible like) trees, who enjoyed the
favours of the guardian goddess of his race, and resembled the stream from a
watering pot, (destined to refresh) the world (that may be likened to) a creeper.

1 3. The illustrious king Jayasimhadeva showed fatigued and swimming eyes
on account of the brilliant pleasures which he enjoyed with that (Khangftr's) first
queen, the earth. He was a moon of the ocean of justice ; high rose his power
because he made his enemies tremble ; his feet where washed by streams of light
proceeding from the jewels in the glittering diadems of a multitude of prostrated
kings;

14. Afterwards Mokalasimha^ a lion to destroy the elephants of hostile
kings. If a weak king (Hamsa) obtained his prowess, he became in (the estima-
tion of) the lotus-like minds of good men an excellent king (Kalahamsa).

15. Then came king Melagadeva^ endowed with spotless limbs, who acted
the part of a blue bee near the lotus feet of S'iva, and pleased the supreme lord
by his pious deeds.

10. Camphor on account of its white colour is one of the substances to which fame is fre-
quently compared.

11. The world may be likened to a creeper, because it occupies the place of a wife to the king
or because it clings to the king for protection.

13, This is merely a polite way of saying that Jayasimha Siddhar4ja of Anhilvad conquered
and annexed B,k Khang^'s dominions. See Forbes Rat Mala I- 158 — 170.

14. The meaning of the second half of the verse is that Mokalasixnha was as much superior to
other kings as the Kalahamsa or H&jahamsa is to common Hamsas.

19

16. At his feet, that resembled the mountain of the east, rose the illustrious
king Mahipdiadeva, wonderful on account of his high rising lustre, resplendent
at the head of kings who were subjected by his hands extended over the universe.
He scared away the multitude of owl-like kings, and was able to drive away the
darkness of injustice.

17. Hail to his son the illustrious MandaUka^ the unique lion to frighten
the elephants of his enemies, who derives lustre from the diamonds in the diadems
of princes, whose fame, marked but not obstructed by the waves of the stream
of heaven, wanders forsooth everywhere beyond the sea

18. He cannot be passed by. Why ? He is exalted. Of what land is he the
lord ? He rules everywhere

What is Mandaliha like ? A king in this world served by numerous illus-
trious princes.

19. Glory to the arm of king MandaWca, that is a tying post for the noisy
elephant calf (called) victory, that is a bridge (to cross) the ocean of misfortune,
a banner on the palace of valour, a churning stick to chum the battle-milk, that
16 anointed with the ointment, fame, that is the mountain of the east on which

appear the rays of the sun, and that consecrates to widowhood the

wives of his enemies.

20. Ho ye enemies ! out of compassion I will give you a word of good advice.
The hoofs of king Mandalika^s squadrons raise the fine dust that, obscuring even
the bright hght of the sun, makes this earth excessively murky. What do you
stand up against him ? Lay aside your pride and quickly become his servants.

21. Alas for the cleverness of the Creator who gave, from their birth, to
the cow of the gods, to the philosopher's gem, to the (heavenly) tree, the
blemished forms of a beast, of a stone, and of wood ! prince Mandalika, how
could they exist to-day, if, being endowed with sense, they had seen, their hearts
oppressed by shame, the unique expertness of your Majesty in bestowing gifts.

Thus ends the description of the kings

15. Acted tbe part of a bine bee near the lotns of Siva's feet, f.«., was S'iva's worshipper.

16. Instead of *' at the head of kings who were subjected by his hands," we may also read *' at
the head of kings subjected to his taxes, which extended over the universe.*' Bh&sura may also be
taken to mean the sun, and l^e two first epithets may also be so turned as to agree with that expla-
nation. In that case bhCLbhrit means ' mountains,' kara ' rays,' and p&da *' the minor neighbouring
hills." Pratyalay able, is a hyperkoristicon formed out of prati and alam. It occurs also in the

Valabhi grants.

18. I regret that the second and third pddas of these stanzas are not intelligible to me. The
translation of kasy&h kuto by * of what land is he ?' may be defended thereby, that ku means • the
earth ' and the affix tab (ta«il) stands for all cases. ^' He cannot be passed by," 1.6., '' his commands

m

must be obeyed."
B 569—/

20

Inscriptions firom Mount Gimar and other places in Kathiawad and
BLachh^ translated by Hari Waman Limaya^ B JL.

No. 6.

In the auspicious and prosperous year Sam vat 168 1, in the month of Kd.r

tika, dark fortnight, 6th day, Monday, the repairing work of the steps to the

eastern part of the holy and prosperous place, Gim&r, was begun by Singhajl

Meghajt of the family of M&14 [4th line unintelligible].

No. 7.

In the year Samvat 1222 a foot-path was constructed by the powerful and

prosperous V4ka, the son of the respected RAniga of the &mily of the prosperous

M&l&s.

No. 8.

In the year Samvat 1535, Av^a, son of the respectable Mir&nlga.

No. 9.
In the year 1223 of Vikrama a paved foot-path was made by Av&ka> the
son of the respected MlrHnigd..

No. 10.

In the year Samvat 1222 a foot-path was constructed by the prosperous and
powerful AvfiJca, son of the great RiAnga of the family of the illustrious M41&S.

No. 12.

This lord of mountains looks graceful, with the monastery of VastupAla
standing on its neck as if with a necklace of dazzling lustre.

In the year 1288 of Vikrama, in the nionth of Asvina, dark fortnight, I5th
day, Monday, the great minister Vastupila built, for his own good, a temple of
Adin^tha [word unintelligible] ^F'ft S'atrunjaya adorned with another tem-
pie of the prosperous Kapardi Yaksha at the back part. In front of this, to the
north-west, he built, for the good of his lawful and illustrious wife Lalit& Devi, a
beautiful temple S^ikharaprasftda adorned with [the images of ] twenty Jinfis.
So also to the south [of this] he constructed^ for the good of another illustrious
wife Sokhu, a beautiful AshtaprasAda gold temple adorned with [the images of}
twenty-four Jin&s. He also built with his own money four new temples^ looking
splendid by the singular construction of the steps.

No. la
Of Sakhu, ^Jt^ the respectable and prosperous wife of the great minister
V.stupMa. ^ jj^j^

Of Lalit& Devi, the respectable wife of the great minister Vastup^a.

No. 15. — In Vastupa'la's, on an Imaob.

21

Tranelation.

The image of the respectable and prosperous Lalitii Dev3, wife of the great
minister Vastup&la.

The image of the respectable and prosperous Sakhu, wife of the great minis-
ler Vastupdla.

No. 16. — Vastupala Tejapala's Temple — over West Dooe.
{Text revised hy Dr. Biihler).

II a^'iTB: "sfatsiTT II ipn^WSpr; ^ tpt [^i'Thr: wrpt]* ^iirnftv [ar] ^ [^7] tetfTt
[ftir^] !ft% 5^1^ spft II w [9«m#it^if;] [*^.*ir^^si«tirf>ri5ifift] ■

II [yj^si^^ilif ra^^inr^tf J" 'rft'sCTriTW 5» 'iit'tsTTWui'iii i" iSeniiijiT 5-0 ^at-
II ■«<Nim'J'< i ' i "t' "Snt^fta ^ »^ ^f !*Tifi%^«i«<iNni=i sijiT'iiltr (ifir« a»

11 TO H=ra5OTiiift'k^?>J^<***« S^-i ' lis ffTi 3i=itiH«PTriraf*i isrftifrsriRW-
{sTHrPl !i*ra3<WfenT'i ^iifttfr: II a^t ef^>'qT?Jrafj7rS=r re mmtfte-arsij-

II trf3K'5(hST^1«'iil*i'f<ifl'i!i+*'fl*HdK'5'i«<M<ft5mT^r!i*R32!rr>a;iT3 3i«^r-

^RiaisiT'TOS'^ftratj '!(i5ii>HirfJ'ii^.*ii4'ijR'-+ra3'!(OH<iiiitt<M;Mitidr"i5 So ■sir-

BliftaiflH So ssflarrsi K I H j_w Ts li <J 'jreairw^i'Srai^ir-

Tp!wrfn^fTF^'sl"^n*TapT^rf^r^ijf^=^iT5"jJi*Jd44Hl^ wrtimfa"^ f^trv^^^r-

ft^r: Rn^i'istid'r^ 5"o +i-^^^>^r: so rr^ftm^Rrm ^50 >vftf«f^(iRt^r:

II ymfftfst ?jRi^!nr=§ vnrt^'AifejWtfr^ iii"T»it5iifirfrftftFiiisi?aiMjHft^3i«T

tftSrwi^J?aWti»Hf : «^T: >*(i»'itrTFtfrrFTOIwart: wfts: II g 11
II ^T^^ ^ q^qr^^f^«mfii^f=^T:|l '?'^; 5^?^^)% qifla RitfTirw 5 wr^

• The lettert cnck
been simply taken over I
originals. — G. B.

led within brackete [ 1 are not legible in the lithograjih. They have
:om the transcript done by Mr. Bargess' Pandit, who had access to the

22

\f^f^ 4ll7w<iNH^M^Hf J(^ ^ hM^i '

il Ft^fiT^?^fr^ll8li^^^i^Tftrrr^4h5^I^ Hc4{ i fri4?i^»tv.^^i4^ft f^^'W^Mii^^H'
f^rf^rr IKII ^ ^sftt^tTT^: ^r^P^T^Br^s^nEg: ^^r^ ii ^ ^ Prf5feRnPMciwi^^'

II ^^nrWlKll ^ ^IV | t 1 KH^ ^rfy^<^g ^^ u if^ ft^H<«?f ^t I ^'l ^HM-^f ^ ^FT^ ii»Mdli4>^ :

livsii %Jm{^ h^^^i^^Jt^^ I er^ ^w m ^?H<y 5^%^fi^:?f^ ^rfe: ncn ?rPrcrr

rf^^TT^il 5rp^ 5T<RrRT5 5iqcii^'«icy

:^^T^fl?Taro ^^ft^^^^^req-

^c-qfrWr xpTc^T^: 1)^11 ^'^^^^i<v,^^(^wi^ ^m^: ii ^^j^TR^P^wifj qr^rfl

?^ft?T5irf^? ii\il

Translation,

Adoration! May the Nemi Jina, with whom the lord of gods was pleased,
while he was standing before him, to see the form of the latter [some words
unintelligible] protect [all (?)]. [The latter half of this stanza is unconnacted and
unintelligible]. (1 )

In the year 1288 of Vikrama, in the month of Ph&lguna, bright fortnight,
10th day, Wednesday, while the prosperous Jayantafiinha, who was a swan to
the lake-like womb of his mother LalitA Devi, and who was the son of the great
and prosperous minister Vastup&la, who was the elder brother of the prosperous
Tejaspala and younger than the Thdkura Luniga and the respected and prosper-
ous Maladeva, who w;as the ison of the prosperous Kumdra Veviy and the great
Thakura As'&r&j&, who was the son of the prosperous Thakura Somay who was
the son of the T4kura Chandaprasftda, who was the son of the Thakura Chanda-
pa, who was born in the family of Pr&gv&ta, residents of the city of Anahila ;
while that Jayantasinha, in the year 78 [that is, 1278] of Vikrama was trading
in shroffage in Stambha-Tirtha, many crumbling temples were repaired and mil-
lions of new religious houses were built in the great holy places IDce S'atrunjaya,
the mountain Abu, j&c, in the known towns of Anahila, Bhrigu, Stambhanaka,
Stambha-Tlrtha, DarbK^vatl, Phavalakkaka, &c., and in all other places by
the great and prosperous minister Viastup&la, who became the leader of all the

23

merchants through the grace of the lord of th^ goda, bestowed upon liira In
consideration of his power acquired by making pilgrimages to the great holy
places like S'atrunjaya, Ujjayanta, &c., and who gained the glories of royalty
through the love of the great king VJradhavala, who waa the son of LavanaprasAda,
who waa king of kings, and who was a aun to illumine the sky [in the shape] of
the family of Cltaluki/ds, and who was endowed with children through the grace of
the goddess Sarada in the year 77 [that is, 1277] of Vikrama, and by his worthy
younger brother TejapUla who was trading in shroffage in the known towns of
Dhavalakkaka, &c., belonging to the Gujardtha district in the year 76 [that is,
127tj] of Vikrama. Moreover, this great minister VastupMa built himself the four
small templea : {1 ) of the great and prosperous Buddhistic doctor Rishaika Deva
in the great holy place of S'atrunjaya, (2) of the prosperous and divine Pdrs'iiand-
iha Deva in the city of Stambhanaka, (3) of the great Viradova in the city of Sa^
tyapura, and (-t) of the goddess Sarasvat!, with panegyrics on it in Kas'mira.
He built the two temples of Jina and the four temples of Neminitha Deva on the
small hills named Amid, Avalokand, S'amba, and Pradyumna. He adorned the
temple of Nemin4tha with the image of bis grand-father seated on a horse, w^th
a pair of images of his father, the great Thdkura As'irajA, and three high-arched
gates.

The holy place IJjayanta ornamented with the temple of Nemin&tha, the lord
of gods, was adorned by him with many works of fame, like the groat holy place
Ashtdpada, in which there are pillars [two words unintelligible] with the images
of his ancestors, of his elder and younger brothers, and of his sons, engraved on
them. He also built a new splendid palace in the great holy place [ Ash tapada], which
was adorned with the images of twenty Buddhistic doctors, such as the prosper-
ous Ajitanatha Deva, &c., which were ceremoniously jTxed • there by the prosper-
ous Nagendragachha BhattSraka, MahendrasftrisantAna S'ishy3,S&utigfiriS'ishya,
Ananda Sflri, Amara SGripada Bhattiraka, Haribhadra SOri PattHlankarana,
and the prosperous and powerful Vijayasena SiJri, for the increase of his own
merit and for that of his wife, the respected and prosperous Lalita Devi bom
from the womb of R&nu, and daughter of the Thakura K&hnada born in the
family of Prdgvata.

piere ends the description of the descent, deeds, &c., of Vastup^a.]
There is this much difference between a large quantity of nectar and Vas-
tupila, the lord of ministers. The former calls to life a [thoroughly] dead being,
while the latter revives what is dying. (1)

' For HT^fer TrffTTIW IB probablj meant here.

24

There may be men like the donor Dayites'vara ; also there may be such as,
even if they are able, do not please a penniless person by their riches ; but this
Vastup&la, like a new cloud here, always sprinkles this earth with gold, which is
burnt down by the wild fire of poverty. (2)

Brother, it is needless to tell a long story of those bad and sinful ministers
in whoso minds no other idea but that of injuring the public revolves. • Sing,
indeed, the numberless merits of this Vastup&la, who observes the vow of be-
nefiting the people, in hearing of which vow we have been old enough (?). (3)

King Bhoja having gone up, penetrating the world of the sun, and the king
Munja having got the brilliant possession of heavens, here lives VastupMa alone
to wipe off the dropping tears of beggars [that is, to relieve the poor]. (4)

Oh great minister of Chalukya kings, the din of your reputation is heard
with tears, and the hair standing on end through joy even in the three worlds, if
well observed ; and this earth, even though polluted by Kali [the spirit of quarrel
and wickedness] , is made holy and pure by you with palaces, wells, water-places
on the way, ponds, gardens, lakes, &c. [built by yourself]. (5)

May that prosperous and illustrious minister TejapMa live for a long time !
by whom as by ChintAmani made free from anxiety we rejoice. (6)

Iforo is S'riJcarana (?) the son of Lavanapras&da and the father ofLavanasin^
ha. May you [Tejaspala], who are like a wish-fulfilling plant, be his minister for
hundreds of ages. (7)

Formerly Bali was sent down by the enemy of giants [Vishnu] with his foot
nmting on the surface of the earth, while now by the hand of Vastupala [that is,
hy h\H charity]. (8)

I'Voin the best of ministers [VastupS^la] the loved Lalit^ Devi obtained a son
narnod .layantasinha, as the daughter of Puloma got Jayanta from Indrd. (9)

Jaitrasinha, [surnamed?] Dhruva, the talented son of VS-jada, bom in the
fiiinily of KAyaflthA's, wrote this panegyric in Stambha-Tirtha [which possesses
th(i tnm|)lo ?J of Somos'avara Deva, the preceptor of Gurjares'vara (?). (1)

This was engraved with great efforts by the talented manager (?) Kumarsinha,
iho Hon of VAbadtt. (2)

May UiiH panegyric of the family of VastupS,la remain safe through the grace
of Anibil and of the prosperous Nemi, the lord of the three worlds. (3)

No. 17. — Vastupala Tbjapala's Temple — over a back doob.

re: pw (5nfti>ra^t5i53nmsitfratitin<:'amirftritiNT'3T3?Tff'^

Ri-tiNjai^^'irf^^sftjTfttfnuso 'JHt"nfi%ij jo =sft3(i4iKw-

I ( i }^ raftdi ) ^restW5nT^?ft=tiii?^3irtTfr!r75.(in^i5STji(iftiijS«m«'(d!i<S4,'-ii<n*-

5S>f*3ilii44"isi<ft%ifrS3i5ra^ft=i'it^iPinfSit 'stftfiiiPJ^f^^^ftjPra'sftTJit-

iraift? airtTRratr (^utiWt: ^mtzm^tv so^-wt^^- 5"»

I ( fi^^ftrtnism ) ft" 'sftttf^rra: j'w'Sfp^ '/f=nfi«ii''3 )Tfr<:^*itir^it«raT>

ftT«T'ft4iii<l^K'fti"<f'sr3i|(ii<tin^aTs^[tit «TfTW*ftwirHf?qfr*frw!ftft5ni%-

=igftRiftfter*iitnft'(iliiy-^iR»ii'5tfl«f^;^?^<ffi'niiWit: ?rtT-

I ( n: ■atH'^tnisr ) ifTahtinJitiPmrere-: ^iftij: ii g ii %tT: fsf ^fe^s «i<4tmsi ft

flV?% (Fit 5'^ ?roT5Wi% f% 'S'TO r% fts^ "ffgt wm% I 5^: f%3 B% ii

^af& T?[>i««qr3^!r5(ira ^s^fij; %5! ??jiiRifi%=rr ^i^pi flTi%* II ^ m i%g

*sj^: f%5>n9=T: srs-

Ufla*] iR^ ^°fer f^PT* TOr ll^dl^^f^iptrvrRat: qgt^^ir-

aiTt: I t^i'^'idiHftW^I: 51^ ^ *iT%^r ll^ll 5^; f "^1% (rnr^rJ^r^H^: t^ 5^; ^-
S^|^srafwij¥=TO: sitrs Pnfter II ^r: ^j^^: Ttpi «ctf ^ sr ^!*ww;%-

I ■4tam«ifi*w II 8 II ainrrat: jri^ t|^ dfir ^ftr ^ wiwl^ ^

fysft ft=5^Pr(^fiH?it iijfi ^rejrra: ■«: II Ml s-Ssw tw^sfintTi^ crssi-

I ■ - - 'sfl%5nm^#^> 5\ffir ^rtwTitrsin^^^fliTOrt IK II reS^nra^i-

fttt ftwfedRl«N5siI^ttYit I *<'UTl'41«0^t1»Hl|iii sfriraMi II 13 II (r^ >s})i^
mft'iii're^rsfllf II 5? ^ ' l ^dtli.Ri' ll i^ l -Wntj-^'iHJd-ld : I 3Tfe-

or II ^^5?fn^FMf^fh^ s^f^Tff^'T II ^ II Mt^^f^smr^f^r^ IM* ii ^vm\^-

'Sfi ^TT^PT lI5lft?Tlt'i II s IK°^ II
II *Trr'TRr«5fJ^^iTr^nTI^ ^•^ «sftMly+NI WTRft* li 3 11

Translation.

[Some words wanting in the beginning.]

Hay that Jina, who is a moon to the milky ocean [in the shape] of the
family of Yadfls, at whoao lotus-hke feet the prosperous and matchless Ujjayanta
falls, and whose brightness is great and spreading [in all quarters], and who bears
on his head the sovereignty of all the princes of the world, shining brilliantly by
his blue parasol [protect us ?]. (1 )

The description of the descent, deeds, &c., is the same aa that given in
the above inscription.

Oh mind, why are you idle in this age of Kali? Delusion, why don't you
laugh ? Desire, why are you black-faced ? Tell us, oh collection of obstacles, why
you are in a position to be rejoiced at ? Friend, what should we say? Nothing
fostered by us takes its proper effect, since a great advance has been made in |
religion and virtue amongst the people [lit., army] by this clever and prosperoaaj
Vastnp&la. (1)

"Whom all his kinsmen look upon as the moon incarnate, and the beggars
regard him as [some words wanting], Why should I extol him ?. (2)

By which minister the natural antipathy between speech and dumbness,
between authority and submission, between tranquihity and haughtiness, has been
completely destroyed. (3)

A light which accumulates the dirt (also sin) of collyrium, shines frequently
sucking oil (also afiection) ; the moon, engaged in cutting short her own disc, hates
the rise of the sun. A brave man always given to cruelty cannot bear the brilliant
power of another warrior. With whom should I compare the minister Vastu-
pMa? [some words wanting] (4).

Men, residents of various places, have come, are coming, and will comejtl
like travellers walking the path of the u'orld ; but on that way this VastupS.la,
an ocean of talents uprooting robbers by one hand and accumulating a heap of 1
merit, pleases alone the whole earth (5).

[Vastupi'ila] bore [on his shoulders] the most important part of the yoke [ofl
ministership ?] in the kingdom of Viradhavala, the protector of the earth [someJ
words wanting] ; while the prosperous minister Tejap&la was an indefatigable'!
companion in bearing the yoke held by his own brother [Vastupdla]. (6)

27

The minister TejapAla, having made a lake, which was full of nectar-like
water, and which excelled the lord of mountains in placidity, propitiated the
whole assembly of immortals. (7)

Out of the learned men, the prosperous Laladhdri and the illustrious Nara-
chandra, &c. [a word unintelligible], Jayantasinha'a Kd.yastha sumamedDhruya(?)
resident of Stambhapura, and the son of Y&jada, who was the son of Ataka, who
was the son of Sahajiga, who was the son of Valiga, wrote this panegyric. (8)

This [panegyric] was engraved by Purushottama^ the son of Bakuiasvami
and the grandson of Somadeva, the best of artists [some words unintelligible].

This is the panegyric of the great minister Vastup&la.

This religious house is [built in honour of] Sokhuka, the respected and
prosperous wife of the great minister Vastup&la.

No. 18. — Inscription on the Temple op Vastupala Tejapala — over the

NORTH entrance.

mg Ofnt in II *^rf^ Jsjfl^^pw^ \\<r^ ^ w;^
m s^rrr^ m^ ^ ««^ 'jifRitiT^<'*i<idWffcriTfr^i'5<JMicy4W*mif^5iTmt^-

B 5C9— 7t

28

II nFRcr«rr ?wniim: qn^TZSTRft^ Jo ^11=5^55117:^0 ngfn^Rnjcrnrr »rc«in«t<^*iui:
' iWJi P ^ j^'^ 'sft5n?RrJT«# ^i&K'h'^^^^tl^^di^ film '^flAiif^tl^i '^^^TP'ty gft^sft-

II tr»! !i l *<<t l l'^r«iH<N '5fl ^MH^^MJi<'<-^^ff»lfc l<ti^*<l<i»''t^^*^*<''*^'<'*'^^*^

'ijl'idKMviMm^K '' ^»Tft?r: II ^ II ^^% "^(t^^ T^ (5m^^^^^T ^^ ^T^tm%i^
II «sqf^ ctt: ^IT% ^ft^ ^ 5^: ^"Prinr i^'^ ^ »rrwfcr 11 \ II ^Rfl^: ?RJ^>f»j#qT%^:

5TT^ 5lf^^?RnTfrfrc«*5 «&d^d II \ II ?I^ ^^^TT^s^ %^^^ftcTTf# I «TFr
?fir^^R^^ < ^^l^-<I^MI > < ^ II S II sntlTFTTPf^ «H'PfdlR-Hi|*Jmi'5if: ^t^

?^rftT% ^iRfciTiTcnTr^nPT^^: I 5|wiAWi(i<eitiil^ gfJit «t [ ^^^^Trfrri ic?^ ]

II 5 "wtf^^?^ ^di'^i'^thj^ T h rfipT: I s^c^mn: fj^raitf tt<w"l«{ii^3 j^^r^^wf: r^-
II ^i^wn m^i-^Rt ^ ift3nf^r^55'fift«r^^mt^r ^ ^^m^^^n 11 ^ 11 'sft^ - -

^<Mt4m<!Wj^|^|^^H^inr^?i r: ^?^»P*rf^ ^f^ v^^cTf '♦>rtlf^'fl*lg % II <l^'^< < fi l led

Mtflf^r « <«*><!aiwi*<iic i miA ^ »?rwtcr??r Jiferg^ Jr^ri^tsfrrrf^r: in* ^ 11

II ^ M^RraT5N«mcf «TFT <iR^«im^fe: «ft^r^^;iriiPrf qft?r: ^^ ^q"^ I ^-

II n II w'STT^ ^^nrt [ vi<MHfim ^if^ ^t id i ^^; m<^^RiMRi^*<fedid4^ rf ]
II wm iT^Jt II ^ «r^ ^T ?5rt ^irrf^ «t>f^dH^ i *<R«{|H</l ^^rr?^ HlXt'jVii'^i ^finr: 'eri:

II U II ^TT^' ^WWf ^5FT fT?rr^T^ ^nRPTJt ^^ct ^I'ldUWW * J ^ I ^HI» l ldP l%^||

%: 5Tff W?F»IFT ^fiTr=«r^R5Ffl'itl% Pk [^ ^<^'ii^{K ^ f*^t\^^m\^^ ]

II »hft%: nun "^^ i^wrft^sft^^tn^ii w^ei?^ ^rniw^f^r ^isrs^t^: 1 q^i1d*idR
"^ 5^Ti^ 5^ II lift^^^Tf^inTr: iRTfer [ ftqf^rwrm 11 ^ir^T^fsff^: 11 ^ 11 ]

29

No. 18. — ^Vastupala Tejapalas Temple — ovee the north entrance.

Salutation to the god Nemiasltha. May the Buddhistic doctors^ whose feet
are washed with the waves of the flowing water in the shape of a mass of lustre
bursting out of the edges of the crowns [resting] on the heads of Indrfi and other
gods bending down for salutation ; and may, oh AshtS^pada mountain, the jewels
on your top, which are, as it were, your own images, and which suck up all sorts
of evils, increase prosperity (?). (1)

The description of the descent, &c.. is the same as that given in the above
inscription.

A bow to the prosperous Bali and Kama, the fame of whose charity is so
very great, even though it was not seen by the people with their own eyQs.
What an inestimable fame will these worthy people spread in the case of the great
minister Vastup^la when they now witness his charity with their own eyes I This
fame of his cannot at present be contained in this world. (1)

The learned who came to his house, and had their bodies adorned -with
crowns, bracelets, best rings (?), wristlets, and necklaces given with his own hands,
were with great difficulty allowed to return home (1) [such was his hospitality].
[While returning] they were not recognized by their friends on the different
roads [a word unintelligible]. (2)

Let the son of the sjm (Kama) be known for his charity [a word unintelli-
gible] ; let Bh&sa, Vy&sa, and others show to advantage the beauty of poetry ; let
Prithu and Raghu and others be known for their vow as warriors ; let Brihaspati
the preceptor of all the hosts in heaven, possess excellent knowledge; still we
cannot plainly discern in what [of all of these] the prosperous VastupSla did not
show his proficiency (?) (3)

Who can, in reality, know the wonderful life of VastupS-la, whose charity
was extended to all beggars, even to his enemies. (4)

By what beautiful expressions of language can the great minister Vastup&l
be praised ? He, whose charity having destroyed the various forms of poverty
joined together in this world, as if in one string, the two words Artha (wealth)
and Atiddna (arfcr^RT great charity), the usual position of which is not confined
to one place on account of the separation of those things which they signify. (5)

He called back even those beggars who, though their requests had been
fulfilled at first by his charity, came back one by one complaining that sufficient
money was not given them ; was not uneasy at heart, but had his lotus-like hand
raised up in order to give them, thus returned (?), an amount of money got by
multiplying the first sum any number of times (?). (6)

3d

Thinking that piety (reKgion) walks without a way on this earth, which is
rendered muddy by the mud-like sin, and that, consequently, it makes no progress
in its journey at every step, this Yastupdla prepared, in the shape of hundreds of
religious houses, a paved foot-path for the piety of old to walk through. (7)

The glories of the fame of the clever minister Yastup&la manifest themselves
to us everywhere in a way beyond expression (?) — amongst lotuses like the colour
of a number of swans, in lakes like the whiteness of a mass of foam, on the shore
of the ocean like transparent pearls wallowing out, amongst a collection of
Kumuda lotuses like the moonlight, a^d in house-gardens like the colour of
flowers. (8)

Oh Gk)d, the lord of heavens, how do you look after the Nandana gardens ?
(IndrS,'s gardens). What uneasiness have you to-day ? What, some one has taken
away the kalpa plant from your forest. Do not speak anything about that.
Ordered by myself [chief god] to go down to the earth out of compassion for men,
that kalpa plant shines prominently there in the shape of Yastup&la. (9)

All the rivers on this earth having been rendered white by the swelling waves
of the fame of the prosperous and great minister Vastupfila, the pilgrims of the
heavenly Ganges, overpowered with the belief that these are nothing but the
heavenly Ganges, wander throughout the world suffering pain and lessening their
joy through the emaciation of their own bodies. (10)

What person will not be prosperous and blessed if VastupAla be near him ?
He whose face, if it comes under the range of the sight of the robber (?) Poverty
is a command for banishment (?) [not properly understood] ; whose sight fell
calmly on his friends like a shower of nectar ; whose conversation was expressive
of affection ; and who was skilful in holding discussions on the great and incom-
parable Brahma (the essence of the universe). (11)

There is his illustrious younger brother Tejasp&.la whose greatness is well
known, who is the great Brahma in its bodily form come down to the earth ;
who is never in a state which is produced either by knowledge or ignorance (?)
[not well understood], but those who serve him sincerely at once attain to highest
feHcity. (12)

The ways of policy of this lord of ministers are such as produce awe (?) on
account of the following actions. [Some words unintelligible] — relieving one
who is pressed by the goddess of wealth ; putting a stop to any bad condition
in Ufe; subjection of the whole world; sending of his fame to the ends of all
quarters ; putting down the valour of his enemies and the slaughter of the great
robber Injustice. (13)

Out of the learned men, MaladhSri [a word unintelligible] and Narendrasiiir

31

&c., the talented Jayantsinha, the son of Vajada in the Kdyastha family residing
in StambharTirtha, wrote this panegyric. (1)

This was engraved by Purushottama, the son of BakulasvS,mi, and the
grand-son of omadeva, the best of artists [some words unintelligible].

This panegyric of the prosperous VastupSJa has been completed. May it
end in good !

No. 20. — Vastupala Tejapala's Temple — north side.

ft

A bow to the Omniscient ! [The first stanza is wholly wanting].

The description of the descent deeds, &c. is the same as that given in the

Inscription 16, sent in, from " In the year 1288 to Pr^gv^ta"

How can that Vastupala, who bears on his shoulders the yoke of the religion
of the illustrious lord of Jin&s, be not an object of praise ; he who appears to be
a moving junction with the flowing stream in the shape of S&radi [the goddess
of speech], good deeds, fame, politics, &c. (?) (1)

Although possessed of the following seven things, viz. lordly power, prowess,
learning, worldly wisdom, wealth, giving [inclination to give], and thoughtful-
ness, he was never influenced by any bad passion. [Here is a pun on the word.
Vikdra f^m^ ?] (2)

May the son of Vastupala be always [some words imintelligible]. These
two [the son and the father] who are devoted to religion and its external rites
are indescribable in their actions (?) (3)

The poem of any man whatever cannot but give pleasure to his heart. We
only see this fair conduct of Vastup&la in its true form (?) (4)

His fort, which is like heavenly mountain, was occupied by trees resembling
the kalpa plants [of heaven]. It did not stand vithin the range of sight, but that
ChintdmaniMke fort was hidden under the waters of the ocean. How can that
Vastupala, who stands the foremost of all in charity, be not meritorious and
sanctified in this period ? [A hue wanting.] (5)

How can this great minister Vastup&.la, bearing on his shoulders the great
yoke of religion, be not an object of immense praise ! Tejapdla again, who is white
by his [a word unintelligible], and whose mind is given up to the performance
of religious rites, bears the same burden as a companion of Vastup&la (?) (6)

While this prosperous Vastupdla, who is like a cloud of nectar, lives here
for the protection of the world, the earth brings forth showers by means of new
clouds day and night [the latter half is unintelUgible]. (7)

The goddess of wealth is volatile on account of her being accustomed to

B 509— t

32

constant rolling by means of the cliurning mountain ptf and&ra] ; the love of the
fawn-eyed ones is inconstant simply through the twisting of their bee-Uke eye-
brows [a word or two unintelligible]. This life again is unpleasant on account
of its unsteadiness consequent on its great attachment to the breathing wind ;
but religion alone is fixed and permanent, I think, by means of this Yastup&la. (8)

Who can describe the true life of Tejap^a and Vishnu ? He, the best-necked
one, lived here to give protection to the three worlds. (9)

There was the lawful wife of VastupSla, named Lalitd, Devi. She bore him
a son named Jayantasinha who was possessed of all good qualities. (10)

[This stanza is unconnected and unintelligible.]

Out of the learned men, Maladyiri and the illustrious Sarachandraf &c., the
talented Jaitrasinha, bom in the family of K&yasth&s,* and the son of Y&jada,
wrote this panegyric. (1)

This [panegyric] was engraved with great efforts by the talented and. lead-
ing (?) Kum^rsinha, the son of V4hada. (2)

May this panegyric of the family of the prosperous Vastupflla remain safe
for ever through the grace of Amb4 and the great Nemi, the lord of the three
worlds ! May good attend !

No. 21. — Vastupala Tejapala's Temple — south door.

A bow to the prosperous and omniscient God ? May the Jin&s [Tirthap^s]
who have got together (?) the jewels in the crowns on the heads of mountains
whose fame shines everywhere through the destruction of the pride of the smiUng
god of love, whose wealth is as great as the ramparts of the 8'ivapura, and who
possess the ocean of shining jewels in the shape of Sanvit^ &c. (Brahma ?) living
with eternity be the cause of your welfare every moment. (1)

The description of the descent, &c., is the same as given above.

In the town of Stambha-Tirtha the ocean was dried up by the enemies [of
VastupS^la] enraged with anger, by means of the dust of the earth, which was
trampled down by the horses in their armies, but the same ocean was filled up by
them with a number of rivers in the shape of sweat-waters, when their bodies
were heated by the rays of the scorching sun in the shape of the prosperous

Vastup&la. (2)

How can that VastupMa who bore on his shoulders with ease the great
burden of the chariot [in the shape] of the kingdom with his equally clever

* In Stambha-Tirtha.

88

brother as his companion, the burden which was formerly held up by the warlike
king Yirdhavala during his [Vastup41a*s] pilgrimages in all quarters, be not
worthy of praise ? The son of AsVaraga, indeed, was ill-behaved. (3)

His brother, whose name was Lavanydnga^ and whose face was like the light
of the moon fully shining at the end of the night, was literally true in his name
on account of his great mass of brilliancy. I think he must have been the god
of love in his bodily form, taken away by the heavenly damsels just when he was
about to fall a victim to the great anger of S'iva. (4)

His other brother was the prosperous Malladeva, who was devoted to the
foot which possessed the power of giving a happy state [in the next world], who
rose to pre-eminence on account of his being the cause of great sacrifices, and who,
playiag away his time with his pure mind and living somewhere, appeared in
this muddy [sinful] world like a royal swan whose wings are pure, who, being the
conveyance of the Creator, enjoys a high position, and who plays away his time
in the lake Mandsa. (5)

The prosperous Vastup&la, who is clever and attractive by his knowledge,
and whose talents are rare, is the yoimgest brother pi the above one [some
words unintelligible] ; he who was like a bee in the interior of the lotus of his
knowledge, who bore resemblance to the deer on his moon of fame, and who
was like S^auri in the milky ocean of his greatness (?). (6)

The moon, a drop of water, the celestial river [the Ganges] a mass of foam,
the lord of light [the sun], a piece of coral, the lord marked with the sign S'rivatsa
[Vishnu], Kail&sa the elephant of the gods, the god S'iva, the Himalayas, a
collection of pearls, and soft sands in the milky ocean, are all these [the manifes-
tations of] his fame. (7)

TejapS.la, who enjoys the greatness of Lakshml by tasting the sweets of
her big breasts which are placed on the palms of his hands, and who fills the
southern direction with floods of wealth, prospers [the latter half of this stanza
is unintelligible]. (8)

There was once on this world Punyasinha who was known by his fame, and
who was the sacred son of Malladeva. • Here shines Jaitrasinha, the son bf pros-
perous VastupMa. Here again prospers Lavanyasinha, the son of Tejap^la.
Religion (Dharma), though it had one foot only in this age of Kali [to stand
upon] became four-footed on account of these three. (9)

Out of the learned men, the prosperous Nagendragchhehhattdraka^ the worthy
Uttrishabha^ &c., the talented Jaitrasinha, sumamed Dhruva, the son of V^jada
bom in the family of K&yasthas in Stambha-Tlrtha, wrote this panegyric. (1)

This was engraved with great efforts by the talented and leading (?)
Kum&rsinha, the son of VS^hada. (2)

34

May this panegyric of the family of Vastup&la remain safe for ever through
the grace of Amb&, and of the great Nemi, the lord of the three worlds. (3)

Here has been accomplished the panegyric of the lord VastupS^la. May good
attend !

This is the same as that given in the above inscription. May the illustrious
Vastupala be prosperous, long-lived, and a residence of all auspiciousness ; he
who excelled the ministers of Indrd in politics, and who suflBciently adorned this
earth with palaces touching the skies, with lakes as deep as the bottom of the
lower regions, with white-washed and white-canopied houses, and with dark plea-
sure groves. (1)

Oh Vastupala, having heard of the course of your life, which was told to you
by Bally from Narada, a pilgrim in the three worlds, I am quite pleased with you.
May you rejoice long ! Pressed by requests, you show no anger towards beggars ;
you do not give too little, nor do you think very highly of your own praises
[by others]. What more should be said than that you are not infatuated by the
intoxicating influence of riches. (2)

We think the lord of gods has come down to the earth under the name of
S'ri Vira (this warrior) to tear off the forces of his enemies. For here lives
[IndrS,] a being of heavenly race under the name of Vastupala, while near him is
the preceptor o'f gods [Brihaspati] under the name of Tejap&la. (3).

Oh minister of Chalul'ya kings, there is nowhere a person who is equal to
you in generosity, bravery, and sweet-talking. My mind is distracted in measur-
ing [lit., knowing] your fame, for it has gone to every house, every town, and
every direction in the world. (4)

Those three ages, a creation made for the goody have gone somewhere. Alas !
now has come the age of Kali in which the good suffer ; a man of good character
is scarce found, and in which the wicked prosper.

Therefore, oh Vastup&la, an opportunity has been given to you by S'iva, who
is desirous of dispelling the distresses of all the people in the world. Do whatever
your honour likes to do [to secure that end]. (5)

Oh Vastupala, who, having trodden this earth (?), have not gone to the dreary
[lit., forest-like] mansion of Yama (?) [the god of the lower world]. But you
alone are easy at heart in entering it ; while the other people, pressed with hunger,
run in all quarters. (6)

Oh King Boar^ cause your grand-son to hold up the earth, and the sun to
shine every day. Oh cloud pour down in time ; oh Vastupala protect [this earth]
by your charity, since this burden has been placed upon you by the Creator, (7)

Oh prosperous Vastupilla, the eight forms of S'iva are evidently manifest in
you; for, by whom are you not called a soul of the world ? This your fame, the

35

wind ? Your mouth, a lotus ? Your friendship, a firm thing ? Your name, a very
sweet thing ? Your tranquillity, a destroyer of darkness (ignorance) ? Your
hand, a nectar-giver ? And your body, a residence brilliancy ? (8)

Though the Vedic learning do nowhere receive the proper respect ; though
nobody listens to the words in Smriti ; though kings be very illiberal at their own
palaces, and their own expenditure be very great, still no sort of anxiety enters
my breast as long as there is VastupSla. (9)

Oh prosperous Vastup&la, you never listen to the words of the wicked ; you
show no angiBr, and are not greedy after what you are not entitled to. Therefore,
though dwelling on the surface of this globe, you look down upon Kali [the spirit
of wickedness]. (10)

Oh Vastup&la, how did the fame of you, who know all things, go to all the
quarters of the world ? (Also distract all.) Generally a child inherits the quaU-
ties of its parents. (11)

It can be called a little pride on the part of Bali and the wish-fulfiUing
plant ; for the prosperous Vastupila alone sprinkles this earth with the nectar
of charity. (12)

Amongst the elephants in the shape of the servants of kings, the prosperous
VastupSla alone is well-behaved, for the intoxicating influence of the flow of his
unlimited charity (also ^ Dana = rut- water) is not perceived anywhere. (13)

Amongst maoy elephants the gods obtained only one elephant in the shape
of the moon out of the ocean. But, oh wise VastupS,la, single as you were, you
were put in possession of many. (14)

First of all, this minister delighted his master by [bringing in] showers of
wealth ; then by horses ; and now he, an abode of meritorious deeds, pleases
him by maddened elephants (?). (15)

Oh prosperous Vastup^la, you really have sounded the bottomless depth of
the ocean, for bringing all the elephants from it you have kept them before the
door of your lord. (16)

Jayantasinha, surnamed (?) Dhruva, a resident of Stambhapura, the son of
V4jada, who was the son of Anaka, who was the son of Sahajiga, who was the
son of Valiga, and a preceptor of Gurjares'vara and the ThS-kura Somes' vare
Devii (?), wrote this panegyric [a word unintelligible]. (1)

This [panegyric] was engraved by Purushottam, the son of Bakulasv&mi, and
the grand-son of Somadeva, the best of artists [some words unintelligible]. (2)

This panegyric of the prosperous and great minister Vastup^la is completed.
May good attend ! May this panegyric of the family of VastupUla remain safe
through the grace of Amba and the prosperous Nemi, the lord of the three
worlds.

B 569— i

36

This religious house is in honour of the respectable and prosperous [San-
khuka, the wife of the great minister Yastupd^la. May it end in good !

No, 22.

In the year 1338 of Vikrama, in the month of Jyeshtha, bright fortnight, 8th
day, Wednesday, 300 nechak&s (?) were made [a word unintelligible] in the
Hplcndid holy place TJjjayanta for the welfare of MAnasirl, wife of the great
Shthanasinha, son of Jisadhara, of the family of Pr&gvaya, and residing in
8 rayab&nA, and for the daily worship 3,050 [were given].

In the year 1335 of Vikrama, in the month of Vais&kha, bright fortnight, 8th

(lay, Thursday, one of the family of the prosperous M&14s for the daily

worship of the god Nemin&tha [did] in the holy place

IJjjayanta. ,

No. 23.

In the year 1333 of Vikrama, in the month of Jyeshtha, dark fortnight, 14th
day, Tuesday, 200 [coins] were given for the daily worship of the great god

NcmiiiAtha in the holy place IJjjayanta, by Harip&.la, son of the S'reshthi-

Hapftla, and resident of Nehch&purl at the advice of the great learned preceptor

tfinaprabod])a,to secure his own good and that of his mother Harilft.

VVitli tlioHO [coins] the god should be worshipped every day by 2,000 flowers.

[The last two lines broken, and consequently unintelligible.]

No. 24.

There flourished the prosperous and learned man DhanesVara. His pupil (?)

TiHilal)lia<Ira [sported] on his lotus-like feet like a bee His pupil (?)

ii>(ftin, the prosperous Bhadrasftri, did 'pn the splendid and awful mountain

Itaivatakii in which tlioro is the temple of Nemi with a splendid pavilion

f the next two linos are unintelligible].

No. 25.

[Tlu^ whole is unintelligible.]

A pupil falU at the lotus-liko foot of his preceptor.

No. 26.

In the year 1215 of Vikrama in the month of Chaitra, bright fortnight, 8th
iliiy, Sunday, tluj Thftkura Sdvadeva [the son of (?)], the learned (?) Thakura Jasa-
hiulii, (Jouipl(^t(Ml out of regard for the Thftkura SMavfthana, shrines for all the
(^oiIh (?) in the world [two words unintelligible here] in the holy place by name
.layunta. Intho same year the Thftkura Rurabda constructed a serai called
\ajjajari about it, and built a small temple of the prosperous Ambika who pre-
MiduH over the actions of men [some words unintelligible].

37

No. 27.

A bow to the Omniscient (?). In the year 1485 of Vikrama, in the month
of KSrtika, bright fortnight, fifth day, Wednesday, Chandangahi, the wife of the
Th^kura Shetasinha, born from the womb of Mohand Bai, the daughter of Bhirn^,
who was the wife of Bblm&sinha [the son of (?) ], the Th&knra Mld& [the son or
daughter of ], the Th&kura Bhimasinha [the son of (?)], the Thfikura MApta, who

was the son of BA, who was the son of Vis'hala, [the son or daughter of

(?)], the Thdkura Kadruyadatada [the son or the daughter of (?)], the Th&kura
SArAta, who was the son of the talented Th&kura Ad4pray& (?) bom in the
family of Dilipa and of Sunamada Gotra, falls at the feet of Nemi-NlLtha [some
words unintelligible here] at Gin&r. May it be well !

No. 28.

In the year 1 692 of Vikrama [two words unintelligible] the five heroes, the
prosperous Harshkirti, Padakirti, Bhuvanaklrti, the Brhmacharin Amarsibhitna,
and Managi [some few words unintelligible] may their pilgrimage to Nemi in
Jaiyanta bear fruit !

No. 29.

* Ratadeva * the great emperor Jayasinghadeva * by Vijayav&ta * by what
remedy * the best of the family of Yfidav&s *

The feet of Nemin&tha * the great Ttrthankara * the Thakura Kikacha, the
Thakura V4t&.

No. 30.

In the year 1222 of Vikrama, the prosperous and powerful Avfika, the son
of the respected [Mi]r&nig4, belonging to the family of the M&l&s, constructed
the paved foot-path.

No. 31.

In the year 58 of Vikrama, in the month of Chaitra, dark fortnight, second
day, Monday, the image of Pamanachanda, a pupil of Nemichanda [was set up
(?)] in DhMngaga (?).

No. 32.

In the year 1881 of Vikrama, in the year 1746 of S'aka, in the month of
Vaisa'kha, bright fortnight, 7th day, Monday, the illustrious Hansar&jamade the
entry of G^vashaibava (?) to the holy place Girnfira.

[The last line unintelligible.]

No. 33.

In the year 1683 of Vikrama in the month of Kartika, dark fortnight, 6th
day, Monday, the prosperous Singhaji Meghaji belonging to the family of the

38

prosperous MaUs [ some words iinintelligflDle] undertook the work of repair-
ing the eastern side of the holy place at Gim&r.

No. 35.

In the year 1350 of Vikrama, in the month of Vais'&kha, bright fortnight,
5th day, Friday, S&huvasahajiimd, son of Sahuvanad^, of the family of Palliy&la.
[The rest is unconnected.]

No. 40.

Salutation to the prosperous preceptors. There was the prosperous Atta-
laga, resident of the splendid MunarS, Bandara, in the victorious reign of the
prosperous Desalagi. In the year 1797 of Vikrama, in the month of'M&rgasirs'ha
dark fortnight, 10th day, Monday, the sage Harash&jt went to the gods [a word
unintelligible] [left this world].

The sage Karamstji, pupil of the sage Harash&jt, pupil of the sage B&dh&ji,
pupil of the sage Jtvaji, the great preceptor, made this P&duk&.

In the year 1801 of Vikrama, in the month of E&rtika, bright fortnight, 15th
day, Thursday, the P&duka of the sage Harash&ji 108 was set up.

Salutation to the good preceptors. May good attend I

No. 43.
In the year 1330 of Vikrama, in the month of Ash^dha, bright fortnight,
DevakaJy&na, the victorious king of kings in P&ttaka [some words unintelligible].

No. 44.

In the year 1659 of Vikrama, in the month of Vais'akha, bright fort-
night, 5th day, the fixing of the images, after repairing the decayed monastery
was made (?) at the advice of the prosperous Kheng&ra, the king of kings and
ruler of the countries of Kuchh, V&goda^ P4nch41&yanaka, and of the prosperous
Pattalankara'(?), the prosperous Bhfixamalla, Tap&gachha, the great king of kings,

the king Bhatt&raka (?), the learned and prosperous Vyayasma, his follower

the prosperous and learned Vijayadeva [a word unintelligible], and of the pro-
sperous Vidckaharshaganin (?) in the prosperous Bhadres'vara on a holy piece

of ground [the last three lines are unintelligible].

No. 45.

In the year 1 134 of Vikrama, in the month of Vais'S,kha, bright fortnight, 15th

day, Sunday, the lord of the Mfi-Us in the village Bhadres'vara

built a temple. [The last stanza may be thus translated ; the remaining portion,
being broken, is unintelligible] 'Many kings, like Sagara and others, have enjoyed
the earth. Whoever has land, reaps the fruit of it. He who deprives another
of his land given to him by himself or others, becomes a small insect in Naraka
(Hell), and suffers there with all his kinsmen.*

39

No. 46.

There exists the truth of Eanachhodaji ; may prosperity, success, good and
auspiciousness attend ! In the year 1816 of Vikrama, in the year 1680 of

S'^ka, in the month of M&gha, bright fortnight, 5th day, Tuesday, a Bhfi.tya

...the son of Gopa [some words unintelligible] built a kund [some words imintel-
ligible] in Kuchh [a few words unintelligible] in the village Bhadres'vara.

No. 47.

In the year 1235 of Vikrama [two or three words unintelligible] the pillar
of Sobhaki was made by Chatika with her own money.

No. 48.
The same as that of No. 47.

No. 49.

In the year 1223 of Vikrama, in the month of Vais'^kha, bright fortnight,

2nd day, Sunday, Jasachanda as well as built [this column]

in the village Bhadres'vara.

No. 50.

In the year 1339 of Vikrama, in the month of Md^gha, bright fortnight, 5th
day, Monday [some one] died in catching the robbers on the pilgrimage

[Being broken, unintelligible].

No. 51.

In the year 1319 of Vikrama, in the month of M&gha, dark fortnight,,. «
[broken] this was formed.

No. 52,
In the year 1214 of Vikrama

No. 53.
In the year 1134 of Vikrama, in the month of M&gha, bright fortnight, 8th

day

No. 54.

In the year 1295 of Vikrama.

No. 55.

There is the truth of Ranachhodaji. In the year 1815 of Vikrama the kund
was finished ; in the month of M&gha, bright fortnight, 5th day, the Gopa kund
was built. [The last line unintelligible.]

B 569 —A;

40

No. 56.

In the auspicious year 1195 of Vikrama, in the month of Ashadha, bright
fortnight, I5th day, Sunday; on this day in the said year, month, and fortnight,
while there lived the king VyayarlLja, whose prosperity, prowess, and strength
were not checked by Tribhuvanamanda, lord of Madanahila and F&ttaka, and the
most illustrious prince of princes, looking graceful in the midst of a row of kings ;
by Tratlokyamalla, lord of Avanti, conqueror of the emperor Yarsharaka, and the
ruler of the whole world ; and by the prosperous Jayasinghadeva, and while the
ministers, the prosperous Ddranaka and S'rikarana, servants at his lotus-like feet
were doing [ ai^TTc^ ^r unintelligible]. At this period here the prosperous
Kumarpala, the son of PrasappAla, built new temple of the prosperous Udales-
vara, and KumS,rapfi,lesvara, for the sake of getting children. [From q^...,

itr^o and from ^3 $ M|j ff to the end, imintelligible.]

No. 57.

In the year 1346 of Vikrama, in the month of AshMha, bright fortnight,
7th day, Sunday [ =^icf^ imintelligible] the Thakura Vanarama, the Thakura K&ta-

hule, [broken] . . . the Thakura Bhaharava • the Thakura Lharadava,

the son of KMhavala; his son, the Thakura Mahipala, ... the Thakura Ketavaha
[all broken in the middle.]

No. 58. •

You represent the gaudy show of the twilight ornaments of the fiery lord
of Chandi [Parvati], [the words MK'^ltl^R unconnected]. May the sounds of
bells, which cause all the quarters to tremble, protect you. (1)

Oh best of Lingarajas, everywhere there are ling&s made of stones, silver,
gold and jewels [ 5513'^TPrar unintelligible]. (2) Salutation to you, oh divine
AchalesVara [lit., the best of mountains]. [The epithets in this stanza are quite
unconnected]. (3)

On the great mountain Abu, at the time when there was the victorious
reign of Sarveswara, the great royal sage, exalter of his own family, destroyer of
the pride of Cupid, skilled in pleasing [the people], a great devotee of S'iva, and a
great warrior at the feet of Achales'wara ; and while there was the victorious rule
of Vejasinha, who was endowed with thousands of favours, to whom Brahma
was manifest after great efforts, and who was a great devotee of S'iva in Chan-
dravati decorated with the palaces of all kings ; the young king Lenurfija, who
was a light to the prosperous family of the VapakSB, who was a wild fire to the
trees of his enemies, a good preceptor to introduce the wives of his enemies into
the initiatory rites of misery, a new kalpa plant in the age of Kali, and who was

41

devoted to the contemplation of S'iva, that Renuraja, Mokalagahilo, the son of
Bapydi, Sasyakhel^ (?), Lingara, the brother of the Thakura Kenmora Suhara and
S ikala, the son of Dentima, constructed a large gate (g"^) ; [qr^ 5ti|§r^^^?5
unintelligible]. The foundation ceremony was performed by the grace of Sri
Achales Vara in the year 1387 of Vikrama, in the month of M&gha, 3rd day, Fri-
day, in the lunar mansion S'atabhishS., the moon being on the zodiac sign, the
water-bearer. May good attend ! [From ^r^^ to ^f^^l unintelligible.]

No. 59.

May good attend 1 May the three-eyed god (S'iva), who bears on his
head the crescent of the moon, whose throat is as black as the clouds on the day
of the final destruction, and who, to root out the conception as to the difference
[between S'iva and Vishnu] of men destitute of the mental eyes of knowledge,
gave up his own half [form] and also that of the enemy of Mura [Vishnu] , and
who assumed instead a form in which both are combined, protect you.

The city of Avanti, a seat of rich men, purifying all by the good conduct of
the Brahims, who follow the path enjoined by the S'ruti, delighting by the per-
fumes of young men rendered mer«y by love, and protecting this world by the
canopy in the shape of the kings of the solar race (?) [a word unintelligible] pro-
spers (?). In this city there flourished a devotee, the preceptor in the hermitage
of Chandika, who acquired learning and penitential merit in the monastery
named N4itana, who was of patient mind, the glory of the family of Chapala,
the follower of the path of Nirvana [absolution], who possessed brilliancy, and
who was always devoted to the worship of the lord of Chandi [Parvati] with a
concentrated mind. (3)

There was a pupil of this sage named VAkalaras'i, a sage and a great devo-
tee, who was a mine of thoughtfulness, learning, and humility, whose devotion
for his preceptor was great, and who was not addicted to any vice. (4) Of him
was born the sage Jyeshthajar&si. From him again descended, one person in-
tervening, the sage Y<^ges'varar^s'i, whose mind was tranquil, who was a great
devotee, and whose soul was given up to the worship of the three-eyed god
[S'iva]. (5)

Of him was born the prosperous sage Maunirds'i, to whom both the worlds
were as manifest as the lord of the day [sun], and who alone was skilful in de-
stroying the darkness of anger. Then flourished his pupil, the glorious [lit.,
ever successful] YdgesVari who was like SulisVari [PItrvati, wife of S'iva]
because of her calmness, forgiveness, and compassion, &c. (6) Of her was born
the pupil DurvS^silrds'i, who was Uke the Durviisas amongst sages by his austeri-
ties and brilliancy (7).

42

Of him was born KeddrarAs'i, whose fame was spread in all the quarters
by his numerous deeds, and who was like the lord of the night [moon] or a
collection of lotuses, and who was the best [lit., the spot on the forehead] of the
sages belonging to the spotless family of Chapala. (8)

By him was repaired the decayed temple of Kotes'vara, respected [lit., precep-
tor] even by the lord of heavens, who out of faith prepared a large canopy in
the whole of Kanakhala, and who constructed a big fort with very lofty walls
which was, as it were, the huge chariot of the lord of the day in the heavens (?),
and a noose to scare away the bird of the Kali age, viz., a fickle mind (?) (9),
who also repaired the temple of the lord of men, which is the very image of his
fresh fame, and who built in front of Kanakhala N&tha two new and large tem-
ples of S'iva. (10)

Whose sister Mokshes'varl, peaceful in mind and devoted to the vow of
celibacy, built here a very beautiful temple of S'iva. (11)

He [KeddrarAs'iJ whose fame was. in the performance of great sacrifices,
already spread constructed a row of pillars made of transparent stones in the
temple of S'iva in Kanakhala — pillars which were, as it were, the images of
YApas [sacrificial posts] in the mandap (?y (1:2) As long as the elephantlike
mountain bears with ease Nandivarahana (?) on its back so long may his fame
give delight to all. (13)

As long as a cow gives milk, as long as the earth yields corn of various kinds,
as long as the tortoise under disguise holds on its back the earth, as long as
here are the sun and the moon, as long as there is the poem of the first great
poet [V&lmiki], and as long as there live the words of Vyasa, may this panegyric
composed by Mkshmidhara last. (14) In the year 1295 of Vikrama, in the
month of VaisS,kha, bright fortnight, 15th day, Tuesday while the victorious
and prosperous reign of the illustrious Bhimadeva, the king of kings, a great
warrior, and the extirpator of the family of ChanlukyS,s was going on ; while the
five families of the great master of the seal and minister, the respected ThAkura
BhA, and others were at enmity [with one another] ; while the prosperous
Dh&,ravarsha, the lord of Chandrdvatl, who was to the minor chiefs what S'iva
is to the gods and the possessor of the one royal chatra, was protecting this
earth ; and while the prosperous Prahl&dana, the best of all the princes, well
versed in all the arts, and a supporting pillar to the six Dars'and.s, was the
heir apparent, this work of fame was accomplished by Kedarar&s'i [some words
unintelUgible].

No. 60.
In the year 1875 of Vikrama, in the S'aka 1740, in the month of MAgha,
the best of all the months, 5th day, Saturday, the building work of the temple

4S

of the great sage V&BishtLa was comroenceil la the prosperous town of Silrobi
the temple of the great Vasishtha was repaired at the orders of the great king
Savakarji Gumansingji, the Gomati kund was made, an inn was erected, the
temple of the great Koles'vara was built on the right side in the southern direc-
tion, and that of Sutarbhiijaji on the left side in the northern direction. Right
opposite to this was built the square temple of PMaparmarari, and just over the
Gomati kund was founded the temple of Banda Narayana. Alms-giving to all
was commenced, and a turret (?) was constructed ; the whole expenditure
amounted to Rs. 10,000. [The words ^JW^ ^T3T^ unintelhgible.J A golden
crown weighing 67 tol4s and a golden stringlet weighing 19 tolUs were made.
The armlets^a pearl earring studded with jewels, a pearl nose-ring studded
with jewels, a nipniri (?) necklace, nagtls 4G and a crown [%^ q^ \ mft
unintelligible] were also made. A pair of drums was mounted on an elephant.
In the year 1874 of Vikrama, in the month of VaiaSkha, bright fortnight, 15th
day, the fixing of the images and the accompanying ceremony were performed.
[The last two and a half lines unintelligible.]
No. 61.

irprm II ^RnTiTNT*ram^ft^n%tT^

Nll'^»i'H<iy^4l*jyi|'*4HHAI^ft'Tn5
«T5fl?''T^4l'^1l'^ii*e<JmH|l'^'fi'^*nf|9^I5?t^

<?n^'?rftwWf^n^ II '^^'nnwr^ESTC^gitrsT

B 567— i

44

Translation.

Salutation to the author of the whole creation ; to you, lord of waters ; to
you, Varuna, whose form is made up of everything living ; and to him who is
a witness to good actions. (1)

A great power by name Kundalinl, a mother to the three worlds, whose feet
are adored by gods, and men prospers for ever as a well, (2)

I salute Vis'vakarma, the giver of all good things, by whose grace all men
are enabled to undertake actions. (3)

In the prosperous district of Gujarat, in the to'v^ of Ahmadabad [a word
unintelligible] , during the victorious reign of the illustrious MahmM, a female
official named Harira, possessing full authority at the door of the king's private
apartments, constructed in the town of Harira, on the north-east of the town of
Srinagara, a well, for the propitiation of the great God and for the enjoyment of
the 84 lakhs of created beings, men, beasts, birds, trees and others, coming from
the four quarters, pressed with thirst, in the year 1556 of Yikrama and in 1421
of S'aka, in the month of Pausha, bright fortnight, l3th day, Monday.

May that well, appearing in form like the milky ocean at the sight of the
bottomless waters in it, last as long as the sun and moon for the protection
of the sweat-bom, the oviparous, the viviparous, and all kinds of vegetable
plants.

The money expended here amounts to 3,29,000. The heroic and religious
Harira, the principal minister of the king Mahmiid, constructed herself this welL

May the honey (uxiter) of this well be drunk by the people as long as the
sun and moon endure where the four roads meet by men coming from the four
quarters [a word or two unintelligible]. (2)

In every place there are good and wealthy men. [The rest unintelligible.] (3)

Having spent a great amount of wealth, the prosperous Harira constructed
this well for the sake of benefiting the world. (4)

The following persons were entrusted with the building of this well, viz.
Malika Bih&mada, the obedient servant of the great king ; Fira, a Yais'ya, and

45

superintendent of elephants [a tvord unintelligible]; the commending Deva, the
prosperous Girna, the great S4yaa, and the great Vira (?)

No, 62.

In the year 133 of Vikrama, in the year 68 (?) in Uttarayan, in the summer
season, in the month of Vais'akha, bright fortnight, 10th day, Friday, in the
limar mansion UttarSr, in the Yaga Harshna, in the Taitira(?) Karana, the
prosperous Vfidhavft Deva, jbhe son of the great and illustrious king VanarAja
[ il i vjtl'^v^livj a word unintelligible] together with the prosperous Haridfi,sa Viigha-
r4na, and a Th&kura, the son of Bhosh Bat Is'ani [some words f^tg
imintelligible] in the family of Nihavasa.

MM^a^B^iMC

BOlIf AT : PRINTED AT THE GOYSRRMEMT CIHl! RAL PRR8S.

NO 6] girritaeoteflital ^urveg 4 "^^^^W ^^^^*

NOTES

ON lUK

ANTIQUITIES OF THE TALUKAS OF PARNEll, SANUAMNER,

ANKOLE, AND KOPARGAUM,

FORMiyr, THE CHAROK OK THE

SECOND ASSISTANT COLLIXTOK, AHMADNAGAR,

By W. F. {SINCLAIK, Bo. C.S ;

WITH REVISED LISTS OF REMAINS IN THE AHMADNAGAR, NASIK, PUNA,

THANA, A^D KALA'DGI ZH.LAS,

By J. BURGESS, F.R.G.S., M.R.A.S., &c.,

AKCHiSOLOijlICAL SCBVEYOR AND RKPDRTBU W (iOVERNMEM.

Bombag :

PRINTED BY ORDER OF GOVERNMENT AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS.

1877.

NOTES

OH THE

ANTIQUITIES OF THE TALUKAS OF PARNER, SANGAMNER,

ANKOLE, AND KOPARGAUM,

rORMINO THE CHARGE OT THE

SECOND ASSISTANT COLLECTOR, AHMADNAGAR.

I follow the classification laid down by Mr. Burgess in para. 5 of his
memorandum dated 18th December 1875; but I would remark that it is con-
venient to separate his 3rd class — " Eude and Sculptured Monuments ** — into
two heads, as follows ; —

(a.) — Those as to which we can only form conjectures ; and

(ft.) — Those which internal or external evidence allows us to assign to
some given period, and to credit with more or less probability to archi-
tects of whom we have some knowledge, derived from other sources.

And I shall dispose of head (a), briefly, by remarking that, to the best of my
knowledge, it is unrepresented in the talukas in question, unless a mound west
of Mouje Kokamth&n, Taluka Kopargaum, and one south of the road, about half
way between Kokamthd.n and SAd, be barrows ; which I doubt. The top of the
former has at one period been occupied by a temple of Mahd.deva, and there are
still lying near it a large linga and nandi, now neglected. Head (b) will be
treated of in its regular place.

2, Class I — " Buddhist Remains '* is unrepresented ; unless, perhaps, by
Cave No. 2 at Harichandragarhj of which a lithograph was published iu
the Indian Antiquary for March 1876.

Under Class II — '* Br&hmanieal and Jaina Cave Temples," we have caves at

(a) Harichandragarh hill fort, Mouje Panchnai, Taluka Ankole.

(6) The hill of Mahak^li, Mouja Ekdare, in the same taluka.

(c) The hill of Dhokes'wara in Mouje Dhoke, near T&kli, Taluka P&rner.

(d) The glen of Wadhgaum Daryft, near K&nhAr, in the same taluka.

8. The mountain of Harichandragarh, 20 miles S.-W. from Ankole to a
horseman, and about 26 to laden cattle, is the culminating point
of the water-shed of the Bhim& and God&vari drainage ^sterns.
Colonel Sykes, in the atlas attached to the Geological Papers of Western

o

India, gives its height at 3,894 feet ; the Trigonometrical Survey, I
understand, say 4,700 feet — ^a difference which may, perhaps, be ac-
counted for by supposing Colonel Sykes' observations to have been
taken at the camping-place by the ' caves, far below the actual sum-
mit. The top of the mountain must, for want of a better word, be
called a plateau, though presenting extreme inequalities. It is about
3 miles in diameter in every direction, and the caves are pretty nearly
in the centre. There are two groups. Those of the upper range are
cut into a low curving scarp of trap-rock facing generally north-east,
in the following order, beginning from the east : —

No. 1. — A dharmsftlft, with bench all round.

No. 2. — " The house, " so called because European visitors generally put
up in it. This is of the usual vih&r& form. It has a veranda supported
on two stout square pillars and two pilasters, ornamented only with
bands, and having capitals composed of thin slab-like members. This
veranda opens at each end into a cell, and has also a well at the east end.
Behind it is a large hall with three cells, lighted by the door -and by
two embrasure-like windows.

Nos. 3 and 4, — A large double cave, apparently residential with a partition on
which is a life-size figure of Ganpati.

No. 5. — A large double cell

No, 6. — A dharms&lA, with bench, inner room, and well.

No. 7 is similar, though not exactly on the same plan as No. 6, with which
it communicates by a window.

No. 8. — A double cell with a bench, upon the front of which are carved a
few figures and ornaments in relief, including a sort of diamond or
lozenge-shaped flower found in the decorations of temples, but not
usually, I think, in caves.

No. 9. — Is the same, with a well.

•The last two or three are much ruined, a vein of soft red stone cropping
out here.

A little below this row of caves is a large Hemad-pautl " barao'* or reservoir
with steps, along the southern side of which is a row of little niches or shrines, some
still occupied by images. This is surrounded by small temples and thadkis or oeno-
taphs, some of which show a return to first principles in their resemblance to kist-
vaeus, being constructed of 3 or 4 upright slabs, with one laid over the top. Below
the reservoir is a small temple in a pit, half cave half building, consisting merely of a
cell with a shrine at each side, one of which contains the socket of a departed linga.
Below it again is a deep hollow or pit, formed by cutting away the rock at the head
of a ravine, so as to leave a small level space, in the centre of which rises a struc-
tural temple with spire. It has a very ancient appearance, probably contributed
to by the tremendous rainfall of these highlands, but is also remarkable for its
plan. There is no mandap ; the shrine is under the tall spire, which is of the
" Northern ** form, and the linga within is worshipped from any one of four
doors with porches. Another shrine, containing the imago of some goddess, is

lial{ built, half hewn, in the south-east corner of the pit, and the western side
is occupied by caves used as dharms&,Us, two or three in number, as you like
to count them, for they are much mixed up together.

About 50 yards down the ravine is the best cave in the place, a great cistern
about 40 feet square, the centre of which is occupied by a huge linga sur-
rounded by four pillars (or the remains of them) ; something resembling in pat-
tern those of the chief cave at' Blephanta, but much more slender. The wor-
shippers swim and wade round this, splashing it. There is a good relievo to the
left, and a small chamber above the water.

The following conjectures upon the age and origin of these caves must be
taken for what they are worth. Cave No. 2 is the oldest looking of the lot, and
either is an actual feuddhist vihara, the work of some offshoot from the great
monastic centre at Junnar (about 25 miles off by road), or else was hewn in times
when the influence of Buddhist art was still strong, though the religion itself
was on the wane. I incUne to the latter belief. The small dharmsaU, No. 1,
is probably contemporary with it ; and the other caves in this range are shown,
I think, to be later by their irregular form and inferior style. Nos. 8 and 9 must
be the last, for their inferior position in the faulty rock would never have been
taken up while the better sites of the more easterly caves remained unoccupied.
The ornaments in No. 8, corresponding to those upon the structural temple below,
seem to indicate that this small cave and the temple were contemporary, but it is
possible that they are not integral. This, however, can hardly have been the
case with the large figure of Ganpati in No. 2 ; which, being in high relief, is
probably coeval with the cave, and fixes, I think, the religion of the excavator
as Saiva.

My former notes upon these caves, though published in the Antiquaiy of
January last, were written as long ago as July 1875 ; and although I noticed in
them the peculiar ground-plan of the structural temple, I expressed no doubt of
its having always been what it is now, a place of 'Saiva worship. I have, how-
ever, since then been able .to compare with it the Indrasabha Cave at Elora,
which is undoubtedly Jaina ; and was struck by finding there a shrine of the
same plan oocupying exactly the same position as this in an excavated court, and
containing ** a square block bearing on each side a long-armed curly-headed
Tirthflnkara" — an arrangement so general with the Jainas that I have borrowed the
words in inverted commas from a description of a Jaina column in South Kanara*.
The Elora shrine is, indeed, monolithic and Dravidian ; but as regawls the first
character it is, like the great Kaild^sa, not a cave but a temple cut in sitUy both
interior and exterior, a form which necessarily implies the existence of structural
models ; and although the Harichandragarh Temple is northern, I shall show, fur-
ther on, some reason for ascribing to the Jaina sect and I2th or 13th century
a structural building in that style. Dr. Wilson dates the cave at Elora,
A.D. 1234, on the faith of an original inscription!; Mr. Fergusson refers it to be-
fore A.D. 750(7. and E. Arch. p. 262). Whichever be right, I am inclined to consider

• By Mr. Walhouse, late M.C.S., Indian Antiquary, Vol. V., p. 39.

t J.B,B. B.A.S; January 1863. This inscription, however, is not on the Indrasabha cave-
temple, but on the colossal image of ParsVanith on the other side of the hiU, — J.B. Dr. Wilson
inserted in his first Memoir on '^ Ancient Remains of Western India *' an inaccorate description of
the Harichandragarh caves and temples, and concluded that thej were '' probably Brahmanical (Ibid.,
/anoary I860).

3 1I3-S

this temple, and the two caves associated with it, as contemporary with the Indra-
Sabha. They would not, however, necessarily be Jaina ; for the linga is wor-
shipped in a rock shrine of the same ground-plan at Elephanta and Elora. The
upper range of caves must be generaUy older, and the Unga cave, £rom its posi-
tion, I should place last of all. If this be correct, it must have been one of the
very last caves of any size or character excavated in India. There are some
scratches of letters upon the outside of the temple enclosure and upon the front
pillars of the dharms&l& cave attached to the temple, and of the linga cave ; but
they do not appear very ancient^ and I was not able to stamp, copy, or decipher
them for want of time.

The caves of Mah&k&li are reported as two small cells. I have not seen
them.

The caves of Wadhgaum Dary4 and DhokesVara are in the same range as
Harichandragarh. The former are natural hollows under a cliff by a waterfall,
spoiled by bad modem masonry. There are a few coarse sculptures on the rock
and on detached stones, but no architectural interest attaches to the place ;
even modem Hinduism, however, has failed to destroy the wild beauty of the
little glen.

The caves of DhokesVara are on the east side of one of two rugged hiUs
rising from a stony plateau. The largest is 20 yards deep and 15 wide, the front
open and supported by two massive square pillars and two pilasters ; a little inside
of these another similar row supports a great architrave running right across the
temple ; and within this, again, is the shrine, hollowed out of a rectangular block
left standing from floor to roof, and surrounded by a dark passage*

The chief object of worship is a mean tittle Unga in the central shrine ;
but there is another to the right of it (as you enter), faced by a large nandi
carved in situ on the same side ; and nearer the light, in a sort of chapel, is a
four-armed figure grasping several weapons. One is a live cobra ; another, per-
haps, the damru or drum ; the others indistinguishable. This figure is wor-
shipped under the name of Kftl Bhairava. Of several cobras about him some
seem to have been cut comparatively recently. Opposite him are eight ladies called
Ashta M&tra (one, has the head of a pig, var&ht,) ; accompanied by Bhringt and
Ganpati. They appear in the Dhumar Lena and eteewhere at Elora, and in the
chapel in the east wing of the great cave at Elephanta. Besides, there are giant
dwarpSIs, Stta attended by elephants (on the central architrave), and a multitude
of other figures — some cut in aitu^ others on detached or even imported stones,
and evidently of various ages up to the present. The lesser cave is a triple cell ;
the inner part separated from the outer by a dwarf partition without gap or
doorway. It is approached by a risky stair in the rock; south of the big cave,
between them, is a large cistern full of good water. There is no inscription,
except an unimportant one in modem Mar^thi on a small thadki outside the big
cave. I shoula be inclined to ascribe this cave to the latter part of the 8th
century A.D.*

The funeral monuments show a pretty unbroken succession from an un-
known, but very early, period to the present day, and are very numerous, occur-

' — ■ ■

* A gronnd-plan of tibig caye baa been fumisbed to tbe Arcbseolo^cal Suryeyor.

ring in almost every village. The oldest form, I think, ia an upright slab
carved on one face, which is generally divided into 3 or 4 compartments. Tho
uppermost almost invariably represents the worship of the linga ; the next
below it generally the presentation of (I presume) the deceased to one sitting on
a throne. This I take to represent his judgment by Yama. The lower compart-
ments generally contain battle-pieces, in which chariots and even elephants some-
times appear. Not unfrequently the lowest compartment represents horned
cattle standing over a prostrate man. One of this class outside the Nagar Gate
of Kasha Ptlmer is said to record the end of a Rakshasa, who tried to steal kine
and was slain by them. I supposed it to be the monument of a man accidentally
killed by cattle, but found the subject commoner than such a fat« can ever have
been. This class of monuments occasionally bears in relief over the figured com-
partments the representation of a building apparently Dravidian in style, and may,
therefore, b« presumed to have continued in vogue until such structural buildings
were common. In a few there is but one compartment; one such at Chincholi,
Taluka P4mer, bears a fine ntlga with his tail tied in a true-love knot.

In a few places there are srjiiare monolithic pillars carved similarly to the
slabs. Neither of these forms are now commonly used, nor are they even attri-
buted to the ancestors of existing families ; but both are still commonly erected
in Khandesh, where, however, the sculptures differ, the linga worship and judg-
ment of Yama being there uncommon, while the representation of death by a
tiger or anake is very frequent." Tho general absence of these subjects in the
monuments of the plain part of Ahmadnagar may be taken to indicate that this
district has always been, as now, an open country little troubled with such ver-
min. Another form is a sort of truncated obelisk, or long pyramid sur-
mounted by a globular finial. This I take to be more modern, as the finlal, in-
stead of following Dravidian forms, occasionally shows traces of Musalman in-
fluence; and in a few cases tradition ascribes monuments of this sort to the
ancestors of the present inhabitants. Some even of these, however, must be very
ancient, especially one which is held sacred at Talegaum Male, Taluka Kopar-
gaum, as an image of Shanl (the planet Saturn).

A stili later form, I think, is that resembling a fcistvaen, already alluded to i
{iupra. p. 2), butithasnowtoagreat extent passed out of use, and the usual moden^l
cenotaph is a " tbadki " or altar-like platform. This supports sometimes a stamj'
for the sacred basil (tulsi-vrindAwan), sometimes " two poor feet " {padma}.
These feet, it is to be remarked, are not foot-prints, but always more or less in
relief, sometimes enough so to represent pretty accurately the supporters of the
deceased. Others again bear the linga, with or without the bull kneeling before
it, or a small carving in relief of the deceased. These representations are some-
times uncovered, sometimes protected from rain by a little shrine or by a canopy
(chattri) covering the whole monument. An instance of the latter is the thadkl
of the famous Raghuntlth Rao Bhat (Rilghoba Dllda), the father of the last
Peshwa, whose ashes lie at Hinganl, 3 miles up the Gaoga from Kopargaum.
Another is at Brahmanwidi in Ankole, on the spot where a daughter-in-law of
the celebrated Bipu Gokhle committed satl on hearing of her husband's death
shortly after the battle of Koregaum. In this instance her feet are represented

Vid« mj paper upon Ston4 and Woodtn Honumtnti in Wevtem ElUBdeih. — Indian Anti

°S..

quart/. Vol. IL, p. 200 tt. ttq.

6

on the monument, contrary to the usual practice of commemorating satis and
str&gas by a carving of a hand and arm. I know of no other exception to this
rule anywhere, and only of two other sati monuments in these talukas, one at
Supe on the Poena Road and one at ShiroU on the Kukri, near Nighoj. Both are
sufficiently old for the names of the martyrs to be clean forgotten, but I should
not consider either to date from before the Musalman domination.

The scarcity of these monuments shows that the practice of satl can never
have been common here. The Maratha custom of re-marriage by Mohtur or P&fc
is a sufficient safeguard against it in that caste, the strongest in the district ;
and their example would insensibly influence the rest, even those who do not
re-marry.

Two other exceptional monuments of this class deserve record. They are rude
obelisks about 7 feet high, in the pass known as Hanmant Naik's Bari, between
Sangamner and Pimpalgaum Depa, on the Poona-Ndsik Road. The larger is
believed to cover the remains of Hanmant Naik himself, a BhiU who is said to
have fallen here in fight with the troops of one of the earlier Peshwas. The other
is nameless ; probably belongs to some other BhiU Naik. Tombs of other BhiUs
have been erected here at various periods since Hanmant Naik*s death ; and not
only do this race hold the spot sacred and honour it by a yearly " square drink,"
but even Mar&thas believe in the Naik's power to heal broken legs and arms if
propitiated by an offering of a model of the broken limb in Bel wood. The same
power is attributed to other departed worthies ; 1 have seen similar offerings on
many monuments both above and below ghdt. Both have masonry plinths.

The indications of date and style are so vague, and my own experience so
limited, that I find it impossible to divide the ancient structural Hindu and Jaina
remains into Mr. Burgess's 4th, 5th, and 6th classes, with any degree of con-
fidence, and shall, therefore, take them all together, noting at the end my con-
jectures as to their dates. They are, however, divisible into temples and " baraos^**
that is, great wells or reservoirs ; and the temples may be divided unmistakeably
into two classes, in one of which the mandap roof consists of nine small domes
supported on the walls and on four large central pillars. This is not to be con-
founded with the structure of the famous temple of Ambarnath in the Kaly&n
Taluka of Th&nS;, where the roofs surrounding the central dome rather " lean to"
on it, presenting somewhat the section of a tea-cup inside a slop^bowl, both
inverted. In the Ahmadnagar temples of this class each dome is distinct and
perfect in itself.

In the second class of temples there is but one dome, springing direct from
the walls. I think I am justified in assuming that the former is the more ancient
style of the two.

The oldest-looking temple which remains in anything like its original form
is one of Mahadeva TryambakesVara, or San games Vara, at the junction of two
small nalas by the usual camping-place west of KasbA P&rner. The ground-
plan is the normal double-broken diamond or square ; not very much facetted,
there being only three superior re-entering angles on the front sides of the man-
dap and one lesser similar angle near the front porch. There have been three
porches, as usual. All of them are now in ruins, the front one least so. Its door
strongly resembles the inner door of Temple No. II, Belgaum, but has not the

pierced flanking panels. The pillars are more in the style of No. I, Belgaum.*
Four large pillars, with the help of the walls and surviving pilasters, support the roof,
composed of 9 small rough domes: This would appear to have been the original
plan ; but the whole roof has been destroyed, (tradition says by the first Musal-
men invaders,) and restored from a height of about 9 feet above the ground. This
is shown by the use of mortar in the restored portion and by the inverted posi-
tion of some of its decorations. The lower, or ancient, part is of dry stonework
in receding embedded courses of very large blocks, and the linga enshrined in a
deep pit.

The whole exterior is covered with a decoration derived, I think, from Bud-
dhist forms, and representing, in low relief, sometimes an arch, sometimes a dome
(the chaitya and dahgop). This is observable also in a large "fcarao" now
attached to a modem mosque east of the town of P&rner (which has probably
usurped the site of a temple), and in the remains of a small temple between the
town and river at Palshl in the same taluka. I have since observed it on many
ruins in Kaladgi, especially in the tank at Almela, The roof has been destroyed,
but a few fragments of cornice seem to indicate that it was Dravidian in style ;
it is certain that this sort of roof was at some period prevalent in the neighbour-
hood, from its frequent representation on monumental stones and the niches of
wells ; e.g., in that of Malai Devi at Nighoj, 10 miles S.-W. of P&rner, The pillars
of this temple closely resemble the two shown in the front of the temple figured
in Plate I. of Mr. Burgess's Report for 1874.

The nandl in front of the principal entrance now rests at the bottom of a
pit lined with modern (i.e., stone and mortar) masonry, and partly covered by a
rough dome constructed of the debris of the porch, and, perhaps, of a destroyed
pavilion. On this rests a stone representing apparently an inverted bunch of
grapes, which the people call a linga, but do not worship. I suspect it to have
been a finial of the pavilion or of one of the porches. A photograph taken for me
by Mr. Narsu Hari, of Ahmadnagar, represents the front of the mandap.

•

Pamer must have contained many other temples besides this one, as the
town is full of fragments. Several slender pillars of a broken square section
have been built into a small modem temple in the middle of the place, which is,
however, chiefly now admired as possessing a relief, in moulded clay coloured
and gilt, of ChandikA Devi in strife with the buffalo demon, the work of a local
artist, a patel of the village of Renawadt. Under a pipal tree before this temple
are several fragments of sculpture, among which are a huge gargoyle in the form
of a monster's head ; and a great stone r^njana or vase, the superior and
inferior portions of which have been hewn separately and afterwards fitted together.
It is of the still popular form of an egg truncated at both ends, and is 4| feet
both in height and in external diameter. It is very rough ; its simple orna-
mentation does not correspond with that of any of the other remains ; and it
might have been made at any period by the stone-cutters who hew out oil-presses.

On the other hand, I have not known of any such vessel being so made in my
own experience ; but the lower half of one exactly similar lies among the ruins
of a loDg-deserted temple, apparently not later in date than the 13th century,
which lies on the left of the K^nhAr Road, 4 miles from P&mer. The upper

• Vide Archaoological Report for Westeixi Ii^diis 1874, Plates U., Y.
Bll8— 3

8

half of another appears in the foreground of Plate IX. of Mr. Burgees's Report
for 1874, representing a very ancient temple at Koniir in the Belgaum District.

The only information available about the P&mer vase, which is not now
put to any use, is, that it was discovered in a Brahman's stackyard east of the
town and removed to its present position by a former M&mled&r of P&mer.

Another temple of the 9-domed class is that of Siddhes'war at Kasbll
Ankole in the talilka of the same name. It has been described by Dr. Wilson
(from Dr. Gibson's notes) in his memoir above quoted (p. 3, note), and was by
him conjectured to be Buddhist, and coeval with the caves. At present it is de-
voted to the worship of the linga ; but from the sculptures I should think that it
had originally been a temple of Vishnu ; the more so, as the linga shrine is not
a pit but on the general floor level. The images over the door lintels of the
shrine, which might guide us in this matter, are unfortunately defaced beyond
recognition, and the front porch has been restored in a bastard Saracenic style,
within living memory. , A pillar belonging to it, with a long Sanskrit inscription,
was thrown down at this time, and so lU-used that it is now barely traceable,
and quite beyond the power of transcription or estampage. I had it removed to
the kutcherry, in the nope of a stray scholar passing that way. Dr. Bhau Daji,
as usual, had a copy taken when the pillar had suffered less ; and this, if at-
tainable, may throw some light on the subiect. The roof of this temple is entirely
gone, and replaced by a chunam pie in tne usual style of Hindu restorations.
The plinth and half the walls remain buried in the silt of the Prawar&, under
which the .whole building is said to have been buried till accidentally discovered
by a ploughman about 100 years ago. What is visible^ however, is exceedingly
nch ; and when complete I should think that it must have closely resembled the
temple at Udaipur in Bhopal, figured by Mr. Fergusson {Ind. and East Archu
lecture f p. 257). It has, however, one peculiar feature : a small domed porch
opening into the shrine from behind, such as occurs in some Chalukyan temples.
(Jertainly it is not earlier than the 11th century, and cannot have been coeval
with any cave, according to the chronology received since the publication
of the Bd,d&mi inscription of Mangalis'a. It should, however, be remembered
that Dr. Wilson believed the excavation of caves to have gone on up nearly to the
Musalman conquest of the Dekhan. This event must have preceded the submerg-
ence of our temple in the mud ; for some of the sculptures have passed under
the iconoclast's hammer. Whatever divinity occupied the shrine, tell under the
same visitation ; for the present linga is admittedly a part of the restoration.

Several other temples are reported in the Ankole Taluka. That associated
with the caves of Harichandragarh I have noticed in that connection, and I have
not myself seen anything else but foundations and fragments. Among these the
debris of a temple of N&rd^yanes'war, at Kothul-Mukunji on the Mul&, merit
notice for the beauty of some of the sculpture. Another temple in the same
place has been restored from the foundation, and is the only blot upon a beautiful
river scene, of which doubtless in its original form it was a principal ornament.

At Kasre, Taluka Kopargaum, there is an ugly mean temple of Bhairava
beside a nala. It has '^ Uenmdpanti " foundations, probably one of the oldest
pieces of huilt stone-work in tne district, as the ground-plan, a rectangular

mandap with a shrine forming a very slightly broken square, is exceedingly archaic.
Half-plan {the foundation being symmetrical) has been furnished to the Archseo-
logical Surveyor.

There are also in Kopargaum two temples of my second class, having
mandaps composed in each of a single dome springing from the walls, and both
of great beauty and in fair preservation. The first is at KokamthAn, 4 miles
down the Godavery from Kopargaum. It is of the normal double— diamond
ground — plan, moet intricately facetted and elaborately ornamented. The spire
over the shrine is of brick and mortar, evidently a restoration ; but upon com-
parison with the rest of the building, which is, of course, of dry stone, it aeema
likely that it was an intelligent one, agreeing very closely with the little orna-
mental buttresses outside the shrine, as these (we may safely calculate) did witli
the original stone sikrd. It is certainly very old; the bricks are such as are
never made now in the Dekhan.

The main beauty of the building is the dome of the mandap, which closely
resembles that of Temple No. II, in the fort at Belgaum, figured in the Archaeo-
logical Report for Western India, 1874. Writing from memory, I think the
diameter is 19 feet. Though this is aatylar, two porches, occupying the angle
of the mandap opposite the shrine, and that to the west of it, have domes sup-
ported on pillars, but decorated internally with the same wealth of carving.
The fourth angle is occupied by a square transept apparently not integral to the
building, but very curious. It is composed of rectangular panels of stone carved
in patterns I havo never seen elsewhere. The likest thing I know to tbem is
the geometric pattern on the great tope at Sarnlth near Benares, figiu-ed by
Mr. Fergiisson.*

This shrine is now occupied by a goddess, who has either no name, or one
which her votaries are afraid to pronounce, but who is still more remarkable for
her power to cure the itch. The main shrine ia occupied by the linga, which T
think to be an intruder, for reasons which I shall show hereafter. There have
apparently been several smaller temples within the court, of which the wall is
still traceable, but they were destroyed by the great flood of 1872.

At Kumbh&ri, about as far up-stream from Kopargaum as Kokamth&n is
down the river, and upon the same (the right) bank, is a temple possessing a
mandap of the same class, as beautiful, and a little larger, being, as well as I
can remember, 21 feet in diameter. The ground-plan is the same ; and here also
two pillared porches have domes which are miniatures of that of the astylar
mandap. The temple, however, is much more plain and massive externally than
that of Kokamth&n ; and the transept, which here occupies the western comer of
the mandap, is in this case undoubtedly integral. It at present contains the
linga. The main shrine holds an ^sana or throne, an ornamental figure on
which is worshipped as Lakahml. A number of niches around the exterior evi-
dently once held figures which have disappeared, as has the roof, though enough
cornices remain to impress me with the idea that it was of a modified Dravidiau
form, a style which was certainly well known here about the time these temples
were built, as it appears on the niches of a " barao" at Ranjangaon Desh-
mukhach^, 10 miles off, the other ornamentation of which is the same as that
of these temples.

* HiBtoTj of Iiidi&D &nd EMtcm Arcbitectore, pAge 68.

10

I think that I cannot be very far wrong in ascribing both temples and the
^^ barao " to the latter end of the 12th or beginning of the 13th century — a little
later, perhaps, than the temple at Ankole, and certainly than that at Pllmer and
the foundation at Kasre. At the time 1 first described them (J. Ant. January 1875)
I did not like to hazard a strong opinion as to the faith of the architects ; but
I have now no doubt tliat they were Jainas, upon the following evidence, which I
have since been able to test, viz : — (1) The occurrence in the Kumbhllri temple of
a Jaina &sana. (2) The presence of a figure which I am now sure of as a Jina
upon lintels at Kokamth&n, and of sitting ascetic figures among the ornaments out-
side the temple. If they were figures of S'iva as Mah&yogi, or of Vish^ju, there
would be ouier S'aiva or Vaishnava figures not far off, which there are not.
(3) The resemblance of some brackets in the Eokamth^n shrine to those in a
shrine of (I think) Bishabhn^th at Elora, (4) Some of the lintel figures at
KumbhS,ri are hewn out ; others are Ganapatis, but look as if they had been
*' strangely metamorphosed. *' (5) The shrines level with the rest of the temple.
(6) The association of undoubted Jaina images with similar remains at Lassiir in
the Nizam's territory ; and (7) the Jaina character of the domed mandaps ;
though I do not attach so much importance to this, since at LonS,d, in the North
Konkan, I found a similar astylar dome associated with a depressed linga shrine
which may have been integral.

As I have mentioned Lassillr, though it does not come within the local scope
of this paper, I may add that it is a small market town lying on the right bank of
the Shivna River, about 16 miles south-west of Elora. Opposite the town,
tradition says, was a temple of a thousand pillars destroyed by the earliest Musal-
man invaders. I would not take such a legend au pied de la lettre here, as one
might farther south ; for there is, I think, no evidence that the Dra vidians ever
brought that feature of their architecture so far north. But that there must
have been a great temple or group of temples on this spot, is proved by the pillars,
cornices, lintels, and fragments of every sort which have been used up in the now
ruined Muhammadan fort, in mosques, gateways, and private buildings. The
only fragment of a roof which remains in situ is, curiously enough, in the very
centre of the fort, and now holds a dirty gram dewata. I found no Hindu in-
scriptions, but several small figures of tirtMnkaras.

I have now got as far as my memory and memoranda will carry me, and
have left much untouched for future inquirers. Almost every village in the four
talukas of which these rough notes treat, has remains ; some probably as perfect as
those I have described, others mere fragments, but still worthy of study ; and if
plague, pestilence, and famine would leave me any leisure, a comparison of the
remains in Nagar with those which are even more plentiful in the district where
I write (KaUdgi), would be well worth making; the more so as the latter are
illuminated by numerous inscriptions, the dearth of which constitutes a great
diflficulty in the Northern Dekhan. And I have no reason to suppose that the
eastern talukas of Ahmadnagar are any poorer, except in caves, than those of
yrhich I had the good fortune to be in charge and which I shall long regret.

W. F. SINCLAIR.

11

Additional Note on the anttquitibs of Parneb.

There is an old temple of (fifah^dev) Ndgnd^th in the town of P&rner, a
little way off in the east of the Nagar Gate of the town. In the compound of
this temple there is a large barao or well containing a stone inscribed in San-
skrit. A photograph of this inscription has been taken for me by Mr. Narsu
Hari, of Nagar, but I have not yet been able to decipher it. I have, however,
deciphered the letters of the inscription which give its date. The date given is

M*4^'Allf^4i V^rW* that is Shak 1016, or 1093 a.d. The current Shak year is
1799, and the year a.d. is 1877, so that the well is now 784 years old. This
fact leads to conjecture that the temple of N&gn&th, to which the well is attached,
must be as old as the well itself, or a few years older than that. Wells attached
to temples, houses, ^.^ are generally built after their main buildings are finished.
This well seems to be intended for the use of the public, as well as for watering
a little garden (of which there is a site now) for flowers required for the worship
of the god. It has steps on two sides and remains on the top of the chunam
work made for the 4ta: or bucket to draw water from*

The above date will help the inquirers of antiquity in determining the age
of the buildings of similar construction and that of the Sanskrit inscriptions of
similar character.

SHBI KRISHNA SHASTRI TALEKAR.

1 113-*4

12

MEMORANDUM.

To the " Provisional Lists of Remains in the Bombay Presidency" (No. 4 of
the issues of the Archceological Survey) circulated by Govemment, 18th January
1876, was attached a letter to the Cluef Secretary, pointing out that, in order to
carry out the instructions of the Government of Inoiay there referred to, it was
" necessary to obtain full statistics of the architectural and historical monuments
in the different districts of the coimtry to be afterwards classified under several
heads, such as the following : —

' (a) Those which should be kept up in permanent repair by Government.

(6) Those the further decay of which should be arrested by the eradication of trees and
the exclusion of water from the wells, but which would need only occasional sub-
sequent attention from Gk)yemment ; and, finally,—

(c) Those of which, either from their advanced stage of decay or comparative unim-
portance, it is impossible or unnecessary to undertake the preservation, but of
which it is desirable that a record be obtained before their destruction is completed.' '*

Numbers of retiurns have since been sent in^ but in many cases the original
lists have been either literally followed and only a few additional particulars
added respecting the items in the lists, or they have been almost overlooked and
new lists rramed In some instances, however, the latter are exceedingly credit-
able ones. The preceding Notes y by W. F. Sinclair, Esq., C.S., were among the
first submitted and are the fullest in details.

It may, perhaps, be useful to direct attention again to the following informa-
tion and instructions issued 18th December 1875 : —

1. It frequently happens that there are more places than one in a district of
the same or very similar names, or, the village being noways remarkable except
for some fine well or temple, is not marked in the usual maps, or is entered under
a name so disguised as not to be easily recognized, and the want of information
as to the exact locality of the place intended thus frequently becomes perplexing.
In every case, except that of well-known towns, the position should be carefully
indicated by distance and direction from, at least, one chief town in the tlQuka.

2. The correct spelling of the same as given by Brahmans of the place
should be given in Balbodh or Devan&gari characters, with its derivation or
origin when known. Where a place has more than one name, both should be

7ven ; and local Brahmans should be asked whether it is mentioned under any
'^anskrit name, where, and what that name is.

3. Local legends as to the origin of villages and temples should be col*
lected.

4. In the case of the sites of ancient cities, of which there are several in
Gujarat and K&thi&w&r, their former extent as indicated by mounds, remains of
walls, gates, &c., or by tradition, should be stated, and the history, written or
traditional, should be secured.

13

5. The buildings of Western India may be classified under the following
heads : —

1. Buddhist Remains.

2. Brahmanical and Jain Cave Temples.

3. Rude and Sculptured Monuments, &c.

4. Temples, &c., in the Dravi^ian or Southern Style.

5. „ in the Chfilukya, Rdjput, or Northern Style.

6. MedisBval Remains.

7. Mcdem Hindu do.

8. Musalman do.

And in describing buildings, whether standing or in ruins, the nature and colour
of the materials employed, whether granite, marble, sandstone, brick, &c., should
be mentioned, as well as the form and size of each building, with any special
peculiarities it may present, either of style or of ornamentation.

6. The earliest architectural remains are those of the Buddhists, ranging
from about 250 B.C. to the 7th or 8th century a.d., chiefly in the form of rock-cut
temples and monasteries. Those at Ajant&, Elork, K&rla, Kanheri, Jun&gadh,
and a few other places, are well known ; but there are others scarcely, if at all,
known, specially along the borders and in the interior of H. H. the Nizam's
Territory and among the gh&ts. All those known to local officers should be
noted.

7. The dahgobas — large cylindrical structures, with a domed top sur-
mounted by a Capital — and the arched roofs of the chaitya or temple-caves are
characteristic marks of Buddhist caves : so also is the prevalence of the Chaitya
window, or horse-shoe-shaped arch, as an ornament, though in a modified form
this is also found in early Brahmanical buildings and paves. The vih&rd,s or
monasteries have usually cells round them, often with stone benches or beds
inside. The style and subjects of sculpture, where there is any, will also gener-
ally indicate whether a cave is Buddhist or Brahmanical, and it should be so
described.

In Sindh there are, at least, two Buddhist topes, huge dahgobas, usually of
brick ; and there are possibly a few ruined temples in the northern zill&hs of
the Presidency that may have been Buddhist : all such remains should be care*
fully inquired for and reported on.

8. Caves. — Jaina caves are sometimes so like the later Buddhist caves at
Ajantft that they are difficult to distinguish by those not versed in their pecu-
liarities. Those at Dh&r&sinva are of this chaDicter ; generally the nudity of
the images, their snakes, and ringlets at once mark them.

9. Brahmanical caves are not so numerous as the Buddhist ones, but they
are quite as interesting, and search might bring more of them to light. They
range probably from the 5th to the 8th century a.d. Instances of S'aiva caves
are to be seen at Elephanta and JogesVari near Bombay, at Elor& and at Aihole
and B&d&mi in Kaladgi, and two fine Vaishnava ones at the last-named place.
Brahmanical caves, so far as yet known, consist of halls with a single ceU or
shrine, and occasionally, as at Elephanta, with one or two small cells for utensils,
&c., but without rooms for monks along their sides. The sect to which a cave
belonged is determined by the sculptures : the Linga, Gtinpati, S'iva, Bhairava,

14

Arddhanari, Bavana, Bhringi, F&rvati, Mahis&snrl, &c., figuring prominently in
S'aiva, and Vishnu^ Yar&ha, Nrisifiha, Virabliadra, Garufa, &c.^ in Yaishnava
caves.

10. Monuments. — In Belgaum, EaUdgi, and elsewhere there are scattered
groups of dolmens^ formed of large rough slabs set on edge with a huge capstone
laid over them ; there are, perhaps, also to be found barrows or mounds, as in
Shorapur, marking ancient places of sepulture. So little is known of them from
competent investigators, that it is desirable to know more about their numbers
and distribution over the country ; of the local traditions respecting their origin ;
of the different names, such as Kodi Kols, &c., by which they are known ; and
that those that have escaped destruction at the hands of vulgar curiosity, or the
hammers of Wadaris, should be carefully protected. Similar remains should be
looked for in all districts. One dolmen was recently discovered in Northern
Gujarat.

11. Upright monumeiital stones or menhirs are less conoimon than the
table-stone or dolmen, but instances of their existence should be noted.

12. P£|liyas and sati stones in Gujarat and Kachh and the p&duka$ or foot*
prints of Sadhus are too numerous to register ; but there are many varieties of
each, and instances of the oldest and finest in each class should be noted. On
the older p&liya«, too, are sculptured the style of dress and warlike aocoutre"
ments of olden times — chciin armour, horses in mail, bows and arrows, swords of
various sorts, shields, javelins, &c., and not imfrequently the names of reigning
princes, &c., with dates. Copies of some of these would be very useful. For
example, if the p&liya of Lakh& Phul&ni exists at Adkot ^^^ ^^'^ be read, the date
and era on it w\>uld settle ah important point in the chronology of Kachh and
Gujarat. Such as are likely to be of interest should be looted.

13. Styles. — The Dravidian style of Hindu architecture prevails chiefly iu the
southern districts of the Presidency and of the Haidarabad territory, and is
characterized by its massiveness in walls, pillars, &c. ; the principal architec-
tural lines in the roofs and spires are horizontal, making the latter resemble
storeyed pyramids ; and the vertical breaks in the wall line are of but slight pro-
jection, sometimes set ofi with slender pilasteri^ with or without sculptures
between. In the earlier remains of this style the pillars are generally very thick
and square or octagon, with heavy bracket capitals ; in the latter they are some-
times round, and generally remarkable for the number of horizontal members on
the shafts and bases ; the capitals (except the abaci) are circular with bracket
sur-capitals. The remains in this style belong to the period between the 5th and
early part of the 13 th century. As exaniples of it may be mentioned the Kail&s
temple .at Elor^, the seven pagodas near Madras, and all the temples in the first
report of the Archceological Survey of Western fndio— only one at Fattadkal,
represented in Plate XL VI., has a spire in the Gh&lukya style.

14. The ChUlukya style ranges from the 9th to the middle of the 14th
century, and is characterized generally by more elaborateness of ornament, by
balconies and roofings supported by richly-carved brackets^ by the outer faces of
the walls of shrines being broken up into a series of projectmg corners with equal
faces, and by pillars square in section with a projecting face on each side, or like
a square pillar with a iilightly narrower but very thin pilaster added to each side.
These latter, however, while the typical section was retained, were liable to great
modification from the great amount of sctdpture often lavished qn them. The

15

spires are proportionately loftier than those of the southern style, with a couple
or more of successive projections on each side : the faces and lines of projection
are vertical at first, but higher up they fall inwards with a gentle curve towards
the summit, which is crowned by a kalas or finial varving in form and size with
the locality and age of the building. The walls are often elaborately carved with
belts of figures, and the stones are carefully fitted and clamped inside, but with-
out mortar. Some of the finest examples of this style are to be found in the
gates at Jhinjuw&dd^ the gates and Hira Temple at Dabhoi^ the temple at Mudhera,
and Budra M&la at Siddhpur in Gujarat, and in the Jaina Temples at Mount Abu,
in the small temple at Amarnllth near K&lyan, and in some shrines at Pattadkal
and Aihole in Kalidgi.

15. To these two seems to have succeeded what may be called the medicBval
style, combining some of the features of each, and covering the period from about
1150 to 1600 A.D. To it belong most of the Jain temples and the later Hindu
temples in Gujarat, and those temples usually described as " Hemadpanti " in
Khandesh, Berar, and the Haidarabad territory, dating from about the 12th to
the middle of the I4th century. These temples and the bauris or wells and re-
servoirs of the same style and age have been very imperfectly examined ; and as
they often present features of considerable interest, all such examples, both of
temples and reservoirs, should be carefully noted.

16. In the modern Hindu styles from the 17th century there is considerable
variety; the Muhammadan curved arch is often introduced; forms derived
from the Dravidian have travelled northwards, and plaster and mortar
take the place of sculpture and careful jointing. In some cases, more frequently
in civil than sacred edifices, however, very beautiful wood-carving is introduced,
Buch as is to be seen in many parts of Gujarat : the best examples of this might be
noted.

17. The ceilings and domes of Hindu and Jain temples are sometimes of
singular excellence of execution. The finer examples of these should be noted,
stating their size, material, and nature of the design.

18. In all temples the sculptures over the entrance and shrine door should
be remarked, as they indicate better than anything else by or for what sect* the
temple was originally built. Thus, if Ganpati is on the lintel, it may be conclud-
ed that the temple was a S'aiva one ; nine figures (the nau graha) in a line, the
eight being a large face only, indicates a Saurya temple, or one dedicated to the
worship of the Sun ; a winged figure (Giuruda) marks a Vaishnava one ; and a
sitting figure ( Jina) with the legs turned up in front and the hands resting in the
lap, a Jaina shrine. In some instances where S'aiva sects have appropriated
Jaina shrines, the Jina has been metamorphosed into a GanpatL Where no
change in the dedication of the temple has taken place, the fiygure in the shrine
will confirm the above. Sdrya, however, may easily be mistaken for Vishnu, the
images being nearly alike, only Siirya holds in one or both of his hands a large
sun-flower ; sometimes he is represented in a chariot drawn by seven horses.

19. On the styles of the Muhammadan buildings in the Presidency and
neighbouring States, little need be said ; the cusped arch and the dome are their
common characteristics, but the style of the Ahmadabad and that of the Bijdpur
buildings present points of marked difference. A description should be given of
the more notable Muhammadan buildings at such places as they exist, with notes
of the form, sise, and any special peculiarities, whether of style or ornamentation.

B 113—5

16

20. Perforated stone-work occurs in old Hindu buildings ; but specimens
remarkable for the variety of beautiful design are chiefly to be found in the Mu-
hammadan works of the 15th and following centuries at Ahmadabad and Auran-
gabad, and, doubtless, in other scattered localities where Muhammadans of wealth
have at any time been settled. Instances of this nature should be recorded.

21. Drawings. — As required by Government, wherever means eiist for
preparing such, detailed plans and sections of typical or important buildings
should be made. The scale of such drawings should not be too small to enter
every detail : where these are numerous and small, a scale of 1 inch to 4 or 5 feet
will generally be sufficient ; but in plain buildings no smaller scale than an inch to
8 or 10 feet ought to be used ; while for details of mouldings and sculpture 1 inch
to 10 inches will be f oimd convenient.

22. Inscriptions, — In the case of all remains, nothing is of more import-
ance than inscriptions^ especially such as are coeval with the work on which they
are foimd. So much information respecting the ancient history of India has
already been made out from inscriptions picked up at random or copied from
structural remains, that no opportimity should be missed of recording the exist-
ence of such, and, as far as possible, of securing their contents. Where, from the
abrasion of the stone, the character of the alphabet, or the language, an inscrip-
tion cannot be made out on the spot, it often happens that the date in figures,
with the preceding word " S'ake " or " Samvat " indicating the era, maybe easily
read.

23. Of all inscriptions, however, it is very desirable to have accurate
copies. Where they are carved on smooth stone, marble, or other polished
surface, they can be copied most expeditiously by rubbings made with ' heel-
ball * on good printing (not writing) paper. When the surface is not polished,
and the letters pretty large and well incised, impressions may easily be taken
with country-made paper soaked in water, spread evenly over the inscriptions,
and then beat carefully into the letters with a hard brush : a second and third
sheet is similarly beaten down on the first, and the whole removed when quite
dry. In other cases photography or tracing cloth may be used with more or less
success .

24. In some instances Brahmans or others have old copper-plate inscrip-
tions which they will not part with ; these should in every case be inquired after
and their existence recorded. Where practicable, rubbings, impressions, photo-
graphs or other accurate copies should be obtained.

25. In the Canarese districts where S^il&sasanams or inscriptions on stones
are most numerous, it seems exceedingly desirable that the Mdmlatd^rs should
be required to give complete lists of all within their respective districts, stating
the exact locality and number of lines on each.

26. At Valabhi, where, on an average, from 20 to 30 plates a year have been
discovered of late, besides many other antiquities, buildings, &c., it is most desir-
able that some arrangement should be made whereby the discoveries should not
fall into private hands, but be made available for elucidating the antiquities of
the province by being secured either for the Lang Institute at Rdjkot or for
the Archaeological Survey, by which they will ultimately be deposited in the
Bombay Asiatic Society or India Office.

J. BURGESS,

Archaeological Surveyor and Reporter.

17

LISTS OF REMAINS.

I. — List of Remains in the Ahmadnagab Zilla,

The information respecting these remains is defective, but supplemented for
four of the eleven t&lukas by the preceding Notes by Mr. Sinclair.

1. Ahmadnagar — Fort of Nagar ; Alamgir's Dargah, a.d. 1707 ; and tombs

of the Nizam Shahi Kings. Faryabagh and Bhishtt Bagb palaces and
mosque in the latter, and Damri Masjid.

2. Mehekri, 6 or 7 miles east of Ahmadnagar — Salabat Khan's tomb, commonly

called Chand Bibi's Mah&l, — an octagonal dome surrounded by a three-
storied veranda. It is 100 feet high, and about the same in maximum
diameter ; now used as a military sanitarium.

8. Pirn^r — SangamesVar temple built of very large stones ; and a bauri near
the masjid, south of the Nagar Qaie. — These deserve attention.

4. Falshi-Mandwe, P4m^r — Two fine modem temples.

5. Dhoke, near Tikli, Pamer — Dhokes'var cave, a large S'aiva hall and triple

cells. Has been surveyed.

6. Vadgdon Daryi, Pimer — Temple of Dharyibii on the south. Natural caves

modified, but of no architectural interest (ante page 4).

7. Ditan, S'rigundi — Temple of Nimrij B^w^, J&tri on S'ivrdtra day.

8. Sidhtek, Kharjat — A temple of Ganpatl

9. Kharda, Jamkhed — A strong fort now out of repair.

10. Deva Ddwtun^, Jamkhed — A temple of Khandob^.

11. Puntambd, Kopargion — ^Temples of Kfts'ivishves'war, Jagadambi, Ching-

deva (a famous saint who is said to have had 1,400 disciples ; the temple
is said to belong to about 1650 a. d.). B&l&ji, EIAlbhairava, Mmachan-
dra, Keshavr&ja, Gopal-Krishna, Yithal ibiapum^, BadrahUis'ankar,
Trimbak^s'war, RamesVar, Mah^Lrudra S'ankar, Abdlydbdi's Gh^t, and
Shivram Dumali's Ghdt. — ^All recent.

12. Kopargion — The temples of Shukyes'war and Kach6s'war were repaired

by the Peshwa Government ; the temple of Vishnu was built by one
of the Peshwas. (See ante p. 9).

13. Kokamth&n, about 5 miles from Koparg^n — A curious temple of S'iva

after the Hemddpanti style, with fine oe^g,— deserving examination.

14. KumbhS.ri, Kopargion — A temple after the Hemidpinti stvle, with fine

ceiling, — deserves examination. Both 13 and 14 probably originally
Jaina and of 13th century {Ind. Ant., Vol. IV., page 6.)

15. Kasre, Kopargdon — The foundations and lower wall of the temple of Kal

Bhairawa are Hem^panti on a very archaic ground-plan.

16. Binjangton, Kopdrgion — ^A tank with rampant grdsdas on the gokhlds.

18

17. AnkoH — ^Temples of S^rigangidhar^sVar Mah^deva, SiddhdsVar MaMdera.

One temple, Siddheshwar's, is very old, curious^ and much filled up with
earth : it is in the form of a cross, elaborately wrought (J. B. B. B. A. S.y
III., ii., 85 ; and /, Ant.^ VoL IV., page 9, and preceding Notes, p. 8). Sri
Gangadhar's is a handsome modem temple.

18. Kothiilmukunji, Ankol^l — Doorway of '^Hem^panti temple " of N&rayanes'-

wara ; and foundation of a Hemadpanti temple on which is built that of
Kotes'wara.

19. Tirde, Ankoli — Stable for elephants in ruins, in the hill-fort.

20. TahaHri, Ankold— >A temple of Deri, after the He[m^panti style, now in

a ruinous state.

21. Ekdare, Ankold— Two caves on Mahdkili Hill. (?)

22. Ratanw^di, Ankola — The river Prawara takes its rise from a small archi-

tectural work. A temple of Annutes^war Mah^deva after the Hem^-
panti style, now in a ruinous state.

23. Harichandragarh, Mouje P&nchanii, Ankolil — Cave temples in the hill-fort

sacred to Kedi&r^sVar Mah^eva, Harichandra, and Ganpatf; also at
Kush^vart or Hnga cave in a ruinous state. (See Mr. Sinclair's Noteso
ante).

24. Miri, Sheogaon — Another very old temple. (J. B. B. R. A. /S., III., ii., p. 87).

25. Gotan, Newasi— A very ancient temple. {lb.)

26. Toka, Newasa, on the Qod4vari near Peithan (J6., 69). Has ancient

remains. Information wanted.

II. — Remains in the NaW Zilla.

1. NindAr, Niphar, at the jimction of the Kadvft and Godavari — Temple of

Madhyamls'var Mah&deva on a small rockv islet ; said to have been built
about 200 years ago ; and about 100 feet high.

2. Kolar6 — ^A temple of Mah&deva and a dharmas'ala.

3. S'irav&dl, Niphar— Temple of Lakshnu NMyana, built about 100 years ago,

and consisting of a verandah, Sabhftmandap and GarbhS^rft.

4. Chllndod, Chandod— (a) A temple of Renuka Devi, three quarters of a

mile north-east from the town, cut in the rocky side of the Rahud-b&ri and
about 100 feet above the level of the town. Flights of built steps lead
up to the Sabh&mandap attached to the excavation. The idol, which is
rock-cut, is about 5 feet high. It is supposed to be about 300 years old :
the steps and Sabh&mandap, however, were made by Ahilyabai Holkar,
who is said also to have constructed the tank called Renukd Tirtha.
(6) On the west side of the Ch&ndod hill-fort, to the east of the town, is a
rock-cut twnple in the form of a deep apse 30 feet wide by 21 feet deep,
with Jaina sculptures in it, but now dedicated to Kaiik& Devi, (c) The
Badshfihi mosque built by Firuz EMa BftdshAh, with a Persian inscription
that should be accurately copied.

19

5. IndraiwAdi Hill, 5 miles west of CMndod— a fort of "the Gauli Mj," with

caves and some sculptures in the side of the hill, and a Persian inscrip*
tion below the foot of the steps leading up the rock.

6. Ankai and Tankai, Yeola, 6 miles from Manm^ railway station — Two hill«

forts, and 7 or 8 cayes ; the largest 37 feet by 24 and 9 feet high.

7. S'innar, 18 miles south-east from N&sik — (a) The temple of Gondes'var or

Govindes'var, of which the outer enclosing wall, about 200 feet square, is
in ruins, is a S'ivapanchdyatan or group of five temples, the central and
largest dedicated to S'iva, with a shrine for nandi facing it on the east
side. The temples of SArya or the sun, and Mahas'aktl or Devi, occupy
respectively the south-east and south-west comers of the square and
face each other ; those of Vishnu or Ndr&yan and Ganapati are placed at
the north-east and north-west comers. This temple is said to be 600
years old, is attributed to a GauU R&ja called S'ingani Mjput and his son
Govind. and is known as a HemMpanti temple, is richly covered with
sculpture.

(b) The temple of Ahes'var is on the north-west of the town. It is said
to have been built about 1450 a.d. It had originally a Sabh^mandap, but
it has been much ruined : it is said to have been Jaina, and is in the
HemMpanti style.

8. Bhozapur, 10 miles south of S'innar — Temple of Khandobacut in the rock

in the hill-fort.

9. Nasik— (a) Temple of Sii BAm Panch&vatl, built in 1782 by Rangar&o

OdhSkar, a Jahagirdar — A fine stone temple in a court with a Nag&rkhftna
over the entrance, (b) Temple of R&mes'var Mah&deva in Fanch&vati,
built about 1754 by N&ros'ankar Bdjebah&dar, a noted chief under the
Pes'va Baiaji Bajirao (1740—1762). (c) Temple of Sundar Nar&yan, on
the Nslsik bank of the Godftvaii, opposite the K&makunda or Astivilaya
Tirtha : it is dedicated to Lakshmi Nfir&yaijL. It enjoys a large infi.m
managed by its pujaris ; date of erection uncertain (1748 ?). (d) Temple of
Kap&lesVar in Panch&vali — said to be the oldest in N&sik (/. B. B.B.A.S.,
III., ii., 87). (e) The SM Guihphi or Cave of Sit&. (f) The temple of
Venkates'h, about 180 feet long over all, by 50 or 60 broad, enjoys a
jaha^ worth Bs. 20,000. {g) The temple of Gor& EAma, built by
Ahily&bai, close to the river, {a) Temple of Murlidhar, the idol being an
exact copy of that of Kunia Murlidhar at Poona. (t) Temple of Bhad-
rak&lt. {k) Bhatjib^w&'s math, built by an ancestor of the Vinchurkar.
(l) Palaces of the Peshwa and of Naros'ankar. There are also other
temples, gh&ts, &c., and about all much more detailed and accurate infor-
mation is required as to history and endowments.

10. Pandu Sena or Tris'irsha, 5 miles south from N&sik — A well-known series

of Bauddfaa caves, with many inscriptions, some of which as well as the
caves generally, have been much damaged by ascetics living in them (TV.
B(m. Lit. S.. III., 526 ; J. B. B. R. A. S., III., ii., 65; IV., 467 ; V., 35,
382 ;.Vn., 37 ; Bird, BUt. Res., 61 ; Tran^. Or. Cong. 1874, 306). Surveyed
in 1877,

11 . Trimbak, 20 miles west of N&sik — Temple of Trimbakes'var, built by Sada-

s'ivar&o, alids Bhau S&heb, about 1750, endowed by the Government with

B 113-6

20

Rb. 12,000 per annum and under the care of pujaris (/• B. B. R. A. S.,
III., ii, 85) ; another built by Ahilyftbai in 1779, and five others.

12' Patharde, 15 miles west of N&sik — (a) In the Anjanerl Hill (perhaps
originally Anjantgiri ; there are said to be some rock excavations and very
old temples ; J. B. B. B. A, 8., III., ii., 86) : on the top is a temple to Devi,
and there are rains of a few small old ones. Information wanted.

13. Ch&mbh&r Tenkdl, 5 miles north of Nftsik — Here are some rock excava-

tions and an inscription,, about which details are wanting.

14. Ramsej, Dindori, 5 miles north from N4sik — A hill-fort in which is a

large cell with a fli(;c^t of steps descending into it. There is said to be
an underground passage leading from it (/. B. B. R. A. S., III., ii., 69.)

15. Jambulkd, Dindori, 4 miles south-west of Dindori village^ a well 45 feet

square — plain Hemadpanti, partially fallen in.

16. A mbegun, Dindori, 21 miles north-west from N^ik. — Temple of Mahfideva,

Hemadpanti, 40 feet by 36; the roof and portions of the walls fallen in,
but richly covered with sculptures of men, animals and battle-pieces,
and deserving attention.

17. Wani, 12 miles north of Dindori, a partially ruined' plain temple of Mah&-

deva, 21 feet by 16, with a defaced inscription on the east side.

18. Kasdasar, 13 miles west of Dindori, on the gh^ts, a plain Hemadpanti

temple of Mahadeva 18 feet by 14.

19. Chandikapur, 15 miles north of Dindori ; steps leading up to the Saptasringa

Hill ; 360 steps in 576 feet, with an inscription saying they were made by
Konhar Girmaji, Krishna Girmaji and Rudraji Girmaji in Bhu-Bas-Graha-
Chandra— S'ske 1692, or a. d. 1770.

20. Tringalwadi, 3| miles north of Igatpuri, temple of Brahma Deva in ruins

with Sanskrit inscription of S'ake 1266 (a. d. 1344).

21. Met Chandrachi, Igatpuri ; three caves filled in.

22. Galnfi, Malegaum, hill-fort, with several Persian inscriptions.

23. Chandanpur, Digar Prague, Nimbail, Malegaum. — Temple of Martand, built

by Ahilyabdi Holkar.

24. Nimbail, Malegaum — Two large Hemadpanti wells.

25. Chikhal-chal, Malegaum, — old Gauli temple, 37 feet by 22, with carved

pillars.

26 Todge, Malegaum — ^Temple of Sr! Shankar, partly in ruins, 67 feet square
and 45 high, with illegible inscription ; very old Hemadpanti building.

27. Bangaon, Patode, Nandgaum : Hemadpanti temple of Banes'var, 40 feet

by 27.

28. Nagapur, Patode, Nandgaum — A carved Hemadpanti temple, 34 feet by 26.

29. Saptasringa, "Kulwan {Ind. *Ant., Vol. II., p. 161-164) in the Chdndod range

of hills, with masonry tanks ; one known as the S'ival6 Tirtha is sacred
to S'iva, and about 40 yards square. The temple of SiddhesVar, now mostly
in ruins, but with a dome standings and having some rather elaborate

21

Btone carving. It is built of large blacks without mortar. Near a Dbar -
mas^ala stands the Sam^hi or tomb of a R&ja of Dharmapur* Near by
is a fine old Baoli. The cave of Devi Mahismardani or Sapta S'pnga
Niydsni is the centre of pilgrimage in the base of a perpendicular scarp
under the summit of the hill.

30. Dhodap, Kulwan — Hill-fort, with an inscription on the gate.

31. Karh^, B^glaioia — A temple dedicated to Dudheswar Mahftdeva, with a

small tank.

32. Sating, Bi^lana— Temples of Davi, Miiyideva, Kbandoba, and Miruti —

mostly destroyed by a, flood in 1872, but since rebuilt. A jatr^ is held
in December.

33. Devaland, B&glana— A temple to the north of the village, built of stone in

the HemMpanti style.

3 4. Pimpaladar^, Bdglana — Temples of Vithobi and Khandobi. ,

III. — Remains in the Puna Zilla.

1. Pun^, HaveU — Temple of P4rvati. Jfttri in honour of K4rtik4 Swimi. —

A temple near Ndgajhari, Bhavdnf Peth.— A temple of Bhavin. — West
of Pund is a very fine old temple of Sangameshwar.

2. Bh^mburde, Haveli-^A Brahmanical cave. {Jacquemont Voy. dans VInde,

III., 584, and pi. 80. ; J. B. B. R. A. 8., III., iii., 65, 107 ; Ind. Ant., VI.,
98).

3. P^sh^n, Haveli — An old temple; has a j4trd and meli in honour of

Som^s'warMah^eva. (Information wanted.)

4. Uurult, Haveli — ^A monolithic temple said to be in the neighbourhood — ^infor-

mation wanted. (Cont. J. B. B. R. A. *S., IIL, ii., 65)

5. Kdvet, HaveU — A small temple ; has jatvi and me\& in honour of Dharma

IWji (Information wanted.) .

6. Ayar4, 5i miles B. S. B. of T&leganv,— Oaves : (/. B. B. R. A. S., III., ii.,

106), — information desiderated.

7. Khed — Mosque and tomb of Dil&war EJian.

8. Bhoragiri, Khed^Templas of Mah^deva called Bhimas'ankar, built by

N^na Phadnavis ; and caves (?) (/. B. B. R. A. 8.^ III., ii., 106). Informa-
tion wanted.

9. Nigdale, Khed— Temple of Devt on the plateau over the Bhima S'ankar

Ghat.

10. Manchar, Khed*— A fine reservoir with an inscription.

11. Chdkan, Khed — Fort built by Malikutt Tijar ; 7 miles west is Bh&mchandra

Caves originally Bauddha {Ind. Ant.^ V., 253).

12. Kadiis, Khed — A temple of Mahddeva, probably modem, called KalesVar.

When and by whom built ?

13. Dhond, Bhimathadi — A temple built by Sukatadkar,-r-rec6nt. Jatr^ held

in honour of K^la Bhairava Deva.

14. Kurakumbha, Bhimathadi--^ A temple (age?). Jatri held for ten days in

honour of Phirgdl Devi.

22

15. N&nag&nw, Bhimaihadi. — ^An old temple. Jatra held in honour of lUs^si

De^. (Information wanted.) '

16. Pdrag^fiw, Bhimathadi— A temple (age?) where a jatr4 is held in honour

of TuHi Devf.

17. Sirasuphal, Bhimathadi — A temple of Sirs^l Devi, (age ?) and jatr^ and meU

held in her honour.

18. Vdlaki, Ind^pur — A tomb of Santab^wd near the junction of the Nird

and Bhim^ (age P)

19. Varavande Bhimathadi — A temple. (Information wanted.)

20. N4n& Ghdt, Mouje Ghatghar, Taluka Junnar — Several caves used as dharm*

sd.l&s (not temples), of which one has a Pali inscription of the Andhra*
bhritya dynasty. Ruins of a small structural temple just above the gh&t
(Ind. Ant, IL, 10, 43 ; Mem. Arch. Sur.^ No. 2; Trans. B. L. S., III.,
526 ; /. B. B. B. A. 8., III., ii., 62 ; V., 160, 428 ; IX., cxix ; J. B. A. S.,
IV., 281) also the hill-fort of Tivdhan,

21. Junnar — (a) Fort of S'ivaner! and mosque of Ch&nd Bibl init ; (6) Baud-

dba cave temples, viz., at Ganes'a Sena to the north, Tuljft Sena south-west,
Slvareni and Md.nmodi south-east ; (c) Jum& Masjid ; (d) Hafiz B%h, and
many tombs.

22. Piir, Junnar — Temple of Kukades'war, of the Hemddpanti style, in the

jungle in good condition.

23. Bele, Junnar — An old and fine Hindu reservoir.

24. Shelarwidi, IMdwal, 2 miles south^-east of Taleg&m — ^Buddhist rock

excavations (J. B. B. B. A. 5., III., ii., 54 ; Ind. Ant, V., 252).

25. N&noli, M8.wal, 4 miles north of Taleg&m — Eock excavations (Ind. Ant.

v., 252).

26. BuddhawAdi and Veherganw (North), said to have Buddhist excavations—

(J. B. B. R. A. 5., III., 55), — information required.

27. Mah&gaum, M&wal, Hemddpanti temple of Mahadeva;bya tank; 12th

or 13th century.

28. Kllrla, Bh&]&, and Bedsft — Well-known Buddhist caves ; the Chaitya at

K&rla, being the finest, and that at Bh&j&, one of the oldest in Western
India. {Tr. B. L. S., HI., 527 ; J. B. B. B. A. S , I., 488 ; III., ii., 48, 62 ;
IV., 872 ; v., 152, 159, 378, 381, 386,426 ; /. R. A. S., VIIL, 57, 222 ;
Lord Valentia's Travels, II., 165). These all deserve preservation,

29. 1 SSdi (T'Vu^dalo^^ I ^"""^^ '"^^ ''^''®' • information much required.
( Gomuza. /

30. Jejurf , Purandar^— A fiue temple of Khandobd, built by Ahily& Bfi,i, and two

tanks A.D. 1755.

31. Sonorf, Purandar— Ruins of the fort of Malhargadh.

32. Shirwal, Bor — Several rock temples in the territories of the Sachiva.

InquiiT should be made for others besides those at Shirwal^ which are
Bauddha qaves,

2

1%

33. Milsiras, Purandar — An old temple of BliulesVar Deva on a hill, the Pant

stone idols of which were destroyed by the Mughuls.

34. Roti, Inddpur — A modern temple of Tukdi Devi, built by Pdlaskar M^dh^

Kulkurni.

IV. — Remains i\ the Than a Collectorate.

1. Kalyan — Temple of AmranS^tha, at the village of Ambarnd,th or AmranS-th,

4 miles south of KalyAn : a fine temple of the stylo of the 11th century
(a.d. 1060). Though small it is richly carved and of great interest as a good
type of its age. In a return sent in to Government, however, it was
described as " constructed of stones, decorated with sculpture and carved
work ; in a dilapidated condition. These remains do not possess much
merit.in an architectural point of view " !! (Jour. B. B. B. A. 8., III., ii.,
348 ; IV., 374 ; IX., 219 ; cvii, cxxxviii ; also /. R. A. S. 7., 177 ; Ind.
Ant, III., 316).

2. Bhau Malang Fort, Kusivali, Kalyan — Two plain cells.

3. Bhau Malang — Fort, Muhammadan shrine and another called the Palki.

Information required.

4. Vas&i or Bassein — Ruins of a fort and of several churches built by the Por-

tuguese, some of them of considerable interest. (J, B. B. R. A. 5., I., 34),

5. Agdsf, Vasal — A fort built by the Portuguese called ArndU. Caves are

said to exist in the neighbourhood. (J. B. B. R. A. 5., III., ii., 47.)

6. Gaur Kamati, Karjat — Excavations known by the name of ' Bhingarh'

containing a circular hall and a narrow passage leading to it. More
details needed.

7. Khotala Hill, near Pet Karjat — Cave temples — a temple, a hall, twelve

cisterns, a pedestal and a flight of steps, all hewn out of the soHd rock.

8. Ambeoli, Karjat — Excavations,— small temples dedicated to the Hindu gods

Mahideva, Murlidhar, Vithoba, and Rtim Lakshman, besides seven rooms
and a cistern, all hewn outofthe solid rock. (*/. B. B. R A. *S., III., ii., 106.)

9. Hal Khurd, Karjat — In a hill near are rock excavations, consisting of seven

rooms and a cistern hewn out of the solid rock ; one of the rooms has in
it a few Hindu idols. More details required.

10. Konddna, 6 miles from Karjat — An old Chaitya somewhat in the style of

Bhaj4, and probably dating from about B.C. 200, with an interesting vihara
and other caves. (lb. and IV., 141.) Surveyed.

11. Vadavli, Bhivandi — ^There is a celebrated modem temple here of Vajr^bai

where a jdtrd is held in Chaitra.

12. Lon^d, B. of Bhivandi, — a small old temple of Mahadev of the style of

Ambam&th. Also a cave with some sculptures, but it is doubtful whether
they are Hindu or Buddhist, (Ind. Ant, IV., 68). The cave has been
surveyed.

13. Bhivandi— A beautiful tomb of Husain Sh4h. (Ind. Ant, IV., 65.)
B 113-^7

24

11. Gavus'piiri, W. of Vadavii — Some sculptures of an old temple, {Ind. Ant.^
IV., 07.)

I :». (Junj, \V:li.U^— A tank, with ruins including an old temple of K&lkk Bhavani.
(//*.) A cavo in the mountain behind.

hi. IV^h Muluili, Shahiipur — At the foot of a most striking mountain, on the
Hiimmit of which ni\> tho remains of a fine old fort ; in two of the gate
bust ions nro ouvos, with some Hindu and Mhummadan remains and
inHoriptions, Tho only Hindu inscription is on a Sati-stone, first line
illof(il»lo, *Jnd •' Sri IVhuAvati Sati.'* Two Musalman inscriptions on
tho lil^.ih. ono faUon, tho other in situ. Four more picked up lying
nUoni uro now in charge of the Mulina, Shahpur.

I / Kiirholi, l);lhnu™A foit called Indragadh on a small hill — undescribed.

\H . TnJHi, S'<iMht( Nt^ur this are the Kinherf rock temples, and on the island

of SalNotto wio also tho n)ok temples of Jogeshwari,Mandap^svar (S'aiva),

Aniholi, anil MaKdtluin/i (Bauddha). {Tr. B. L. iS'.,'!, 41 ; III., 627 ,

OwWh 7Voiv/,^ L. 77; J^ D. B. B. A. S.,IIL,ii.,36 ;IV., 132, 369, 464;

t7t) ; v., i.; VI., i., 1 10, 167 ; Archceologiay VII. ; Du Perron, &c.).

\\K Kh'phanla I 'avow -Tho»o arc well known.

V. - List i>k Hkmains in the Kala'dgi Collectoratb.

lifmml h\j J. F. Fleet, C. S.

I. llijaimr •(!) IhnUuni llo«ah, (2) Mehtar Mahdl, (3) Jamd Masjid, (4) Tomb
of MuhanonatI ShtUi A.n. 1000, (5) Palace of Asar Sharif (described
Anuit. ANN*., Xlll., 4ai3 : Tr. B. T. 8., III., 55-63 ; Jour. B. B, R. A. S.y
I., ;iil7-illM) ; III., ii., S7, l\o\\ I VIIL, cxlv. ; IX., xlix ; and Architecture of

•J. TiOK»»»>*"» •Hi^M*^^^ ( ''♦<*• '^^'•» ^'t ®^) inscription.

:i. SilhHKi* 'M*"» (''•^'' •'''*''• ^'» 20f)) inscribed stone, deserving of preservation.

4. Htlihlnu : throo Uraluuanioal and one Jaina cave, with inscriptions and
wrulplnrort in K^aal profiorvation {Rep. Archceol. Survey, 1873-74); also
Novoral (»hl toniph'M mi\\ iuMcriptions, and a dargah.

fi. ra((m1kal. UAihlini : M^Toral Tory old temples, Brahmanical and Jaina,
iirohahl)' tlalinji froni tht» Mh to the 8th century a.d. {Bep. Archceol Sur.
IH7JI 74). Sonio now iniAoriptions have been turned up and copied here.

•

HanaH'aiiikar(, HiVthlml.— An old temple, and a Vijayanagara inscription dated
H'alui l'Mlf>. (i»iu» Ind. Antiq. for December 1876), and some others.

KattHK^^^t'ii tAlukft UAdilnu, — Two ChAlukya Old-Canarese stone-tablet in-
HoriptionH, ono Hatod 'Saka 1018, and the other about the same time; and
roniains of a largo systom of tanks.

8. Kolawjuji, tftlukA Bftd(imi. — An old temple, and an Old-Canarese stone-
tablet inscription (of the Sinda family). This requires to be visited.

1). Nandik^s'war, Bdddmi.— Temple of MahAktitad^va with short inscription
and liuga- worship remains.

(V

/.

25

10. BMr, tftluk& B&d&mi. — In the fort, partly under the level of the ground,

a large temple of TSTArfiyana, now disused, with a Ch^ukya Old-Canarese
stone-tablet inscription, dated S'aka 945. In the shrine of this temple
are three stone images of Brahma, Vishnu, and S'iva, about three feet high,
standing; they are fine specimens and worthy of being removed to a mu-
seum ; they could easily be detached from the ablution-trough on which
they stand in a row. Also in the fort, in front of a modern shrine of
Hanumanta, a ChJllukya Old-Canarese stone-tablet inscription, dated
S'aka 963 ; but the greater part of it is now illegible.

11. Aihole, Hungund. — Many very ancient temples, a Brahmanical and a Jaina

cave, and several inscriptions, one of which, a Chdlukya inscription, is
dated S'aka 507 and is the oldest stone-inscription of known date in these
parts, with the exception of the Chdlukya inscription dated S'aka 500 in
the B^^mi cave {Arch. Rep.j 1873-74, Ind. Ant, Vol. V. and Mr. Hope's
Inscriptiona in Dharwar and Mysore^ Plates 1 to 8). Some new inscrip-
tions of importance have been turned up and copied here.

12. Hungund. — Remains of a Jain temple called Mdguti on the hill over-

hanging the town. Many curious sculptures from this temple, some of
them obscene, have been built by way of ornamentation into the wall of
the big well in front of the new tdluka kachdri. Also an Old-Canarese
stone-tablet inscription somewhere in the town, which, through bigotry,
was not shown to me. I only heard of it after leaving the place. It is
said to be well preserved, and should be copied.

13. Sangam, Hungund, at the confluence of the Malaprabhd and the Krishna ;

temple of Sangam^s'warad^va, and an inscription.

14. Karadi, t^lukA Hungund. — An old Jain temple, partly below the level of

the ground in the centre pf the village, with a fragment of an Old-Canarese
stone-tablet inscription of about S'aka 1075. Also a Canarese inscription
of the Vijayanagara King Sad^s'ivadfivar&ya, dated S'aka 1475.

15. NandwAdige, t&luk& Hungund. — A small and old temple with a Bishtrakuta

Old-Canarese inscription, dated S'aka 823. In the fort, a monolith, 8 feet
9 inches high, exclusive of the capital, which is missing, near th^ temple
of Is'wara. It has Old-Canarese inscriptions on its front and sides, but
a great part of them is illegible. It is probably a ''Jayas tambha," or
** pillar to commemorate a victory," of one of the later Eddamba rulers of
Banawd^si or of Ooa.

16. KelAr, tilukfl, Hungund. — Some linga shrines, — small, but of peculiar

construction, and apparently old, — on the south side of the tank.

17. Araslbidi, tiluk&Hungund.— This is the ancient Ch&lukya capital, Vikrama-

pura. The ruined embankment of a very large tank ; two rained Jain
temples ; and two large Ch&lukya and Ka}achuri Old-Canarese stone-
tablet inscriptions.

18. Bhairanmatti, tfiluk4 Bdgalk6t. — A very well-preserved Old-Canarese

stone-tabfet inscription of the Sinda family, subordinate to the Ch&lukyas,
dated S^aka 911 and 955, standing near a small modern shrine of Hanu-
manta.

26

19. HaU6r, taluks Biigalk6t. — On the top of the hill a rather curious Jain

temple converted into a linga temple, with a stone ladder leading up to
the roof, on which is also a small shrine. Contrary to rule, the building
faces south. On the front and side walls are eight standing figures of
Jin^ndra ; four of them have a seven-hooded cobra standing up behind
the figure, and forming a canopy for the figure with its hoods. The
other four have two single-hooded cobras, coiled and erect and with hood
expanded down by the feet of each figure, — one cobra on the outside of
each foot. In front of the temple is a fragment of an Old-Canarese in-
scription, almost illegible.

•

20. Bewfir, taluk4 Bdgalkot. — At a small temple of Somes'wara a large ChMukya

Old-Canarese stone-tablet inscription of the time of Trail6kyamalla. The
inscription, on the front and one side of the stone, is only legible here and
there. The linga in this shrine is one of the few to be found with a face
of the god carved on it ; it would be worth removing to a museum on this
account. Also, in the outer part of the village is an old temple of some
interest, which has been unauthorizedly appropriated as a residence by a
family of potters.

21. Mahkani, talukSl Bdgalk6t. — Temple of IsVara, with an Old-Canarese

stone-tablet inscription, let into the wall in the interior, part illegible, of
the Yadava king Simhanaddva.

22. S'ir^r, tAlukS. Bagalk6t. — In the town a linga temple of RAmalinga, (ori-

ginally Jain), and a Vaishnava temple of Lakshminar&yana, both with Old-
Canarese inscriptions, more or less illegible, dated S'aka 1071, 1095,1096,
and 1108, On the south bank of the large tank, an old and interesting
S'aiva temple of SiddliesVara, originally Jain, with surrounding shrines in
the courtyard. Contrary to rule, it faces west. The sloping slabs of the
roof are supported by an intricate system of stone rafters and battens.
The wall and columns have many sculptures, of good work, but the whole
building is covered with an unusually thick coating of whitewash,
fieraoving this on the outside face of the south side wall, four Sanskrit
and Old-Canarese inscriptions, of some KoMpftr family, feudatory to the
Chalukyas, were discovered, dated S'aka 972, 986, 990, and 1021. The
two shortest, at the west end, were cleaned pretty well and copied. The
other two require further cleaning before they can be properly copied.
None of them could be cleared well enough for fac similes to be taken ;
this must be done with chemicals.

23. Bil^i, taluka B&galk6t.— On the north of the town a large well, called

" the well of the six bullocks," with Canarese, Mar^thi, and Persian inscrip-
tions recording the construction of it in S'aka 1630. The well is a very
fine one, with an arch of Musalman design to support the side walls of the
steps. There are some small staircases, and, on the east side, a temple,
cleverly arranged in the interior of the masonry? Also another, but
inferior, well "in the town, called " the king's well,'' with Canarese,
Mar4thi, and Persian inscriptions recording the construction of it in
S'aka 1526 ; the Canarese inscription here b in relief. About a mile to

27

the south of the town, a medidBval temple of SiddhesVara, with one line
of writing in B&lb6dh, recording the construction of the eastern gateway
in S'aka 1517.

24. Mahd,k{lta, B&d&mi, and Banas'amkarl, tS>luk& B&d&mi. — Some new inscrip-
tions of importance have been turned up and copied here.

Note. — Most of the inscriptions at the above places haye been copied by Mr. Fleet, and will bo
publisbed, with some fac simileSf in the Indian Antiquary^ or in the third Archceological BeporL

PBIMTE9 AT THS QOYKRNMINT CENTSiL PBKSS, BOMBAY*

B 113—8

q Lht .iv'..-^">y

QW. 7J

ARCHITECTURAL

AECH^OLOGICAL EEMAINS

IN

KHANDESH IN 1877.

PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS.

V

TALUKA DHULLA

The following statement gives the ruins in this taluka It is to be regretted that no further
particulars are forthcoming : —

No.

1

2

8

9

Structure.

Hemddpanti Temple of
Khander^.

Well, daring the times
of the GawU H&jL

Hemddpanti Temple...

Ditto

Well

Temple of Mahddev ...

Hemddpanti Temple of

Mah&dev.
Hemddpanti Temple of

Devi.
Hem&dpanti Well

Dimeiuions.

8'x 8'

15x15'

8'x 8'
Do.

lO'xlO'
12'xl2'
12'xl2'
15'xl5'
12 xl2'

How built.

With stones

Do.

Do.
Do.

Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Present
Con-
dition.

Religion or Sect

to which the
Structure belongs.

Good.

Bad...

Do —
Good.

Do..
Bad.
Do..
Do..
Do,.

Hindu of
Shaiw sect.

Hinda

Do.
Do.

Do.
Do.
Do.
Da.
Do.

Supposed Age.

Ahont 250
years.

Do. ...

Do.
Do.

Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Village.

Amboda

Vinchur Bk.

Laling
Do.

Do.

Nand^d
Dhddre
Shirud
Do.

Distance

from
Dhulia in

Miles.

12

14

6
20
14
14
14

B 119—1

TALUKA NANDURBA'K

The temple of Sidheshxvar Mahddev at Korat (^i^), 14 miles north-east of
Nandurbir, is perhaps old and worth noticing ; but it is an ugly, uninteresting build-
ing, and is entered in the Government list, it is thought, from its having been eon-
founded in a distant view with the magnificent temples of Prakdsha, which exactly
face it on the opposite side of the river.

2. Mosques and temples at Nandurhdr (Hf^^K). — Nandurbdr is full of relics of
Mus^lman dominion. There is no end to the small mosques and tombs lying scattered
in and around it. The chief mosques are the Piratsa Dargah and Jumma Musjid.
The former is a great white mosque on a hill to the south of the town. Its exact
dimensions are not known, nor does it seem to have any feature to distinguish it from
other mosques. At the foot of the hill on the north side of it, and between the
Piratsa Dargah and the western extremity of the tovm, (the quarter where the Musdl-
mans still five,) is a great Musdlman burying-ground with multitudes of tombs of
various sorts, not particularly interesting, except as showing how suddenly the res-
pectable part of the Musilman population must have been driven away and destroyed.

3. At Ndrdyanpur (=TOnnTqT), about 5 miles west of Nandurbdr, where there
is. an old fort close to a stone bandh^ra (dam) on the Shivnad River, will be found,
a little way up the stream, fragments of a curiously-carved temple, which is supposed
to have stood in the fort, from which the fragments had been apparently removed
in order to line a well. The well is now lined with curiously-carved stones, evidently
those of the tejnple, and the stones lying near are those that were left unused.

4. The whole taluka of Nandurbdr, from the north-west corner at Rdyagarh
to Nandurbir itself, is covered with architectural remains of no particular vdue,
being, it is suspected, quite modem, but which are memorials of the wars of the last
hundred years, in which the Musilman population seems to have been suddenly
destroyed or driven away. Bdyagarh itself is marked on the map as an important
market town, and there is a sort of market held there ; but the village is almost quite
deserted, and the fort is almost gone, but there is a small set of temples to Mahddev,
a " dipmdl,*^ a small tank^ and an avenue ofm^ngo trees, that seem all of them very
modern. They were built, I believe, by one of the family of the Riuls of Milpur.

5. On coming from Bdyagarh to Dhdnora (^rpfft) we find at the last place a
fort, the wall of which has been hastily repaired with the fragments of a temple
(one pillar sticks two feet out of the waU in a horizontal position) ; the wall is now in
ruins, but the carved stones with which it was repaired are fresh and new.

6. At Nandurhdr itself there is a ruined tower, with an inscription on it in the
Persian character to the effect that it was repaired about 70 years ago.

7. All these signs indicate, that at the beginning of the century an invading
Hindu army marched through the taluka from Rdyagarh to Nandurb^r, driving out
the Musilman population. Along the route we find villages, where the Mus^lman
tombs are out of proportion to the present population. The Musdlman quarter of
Nandurhdr itself is almost deserted, and yet though there stiU remains at least one

great Musdlman family in Nandurbilr, whose family tombs are in beautiful preserva-
tion, and of which some of the members are old men, no one seems to recollect what
cause drove out the Musdlman population, and there is no remembrance of the war.

8. The house of the Sardesdi at Nandurhdr is said to be 400 years old, and
Mr. Worthington, late First Assistant Collector, who saw it, reports that its architec-
ture reminded him slightly of Hampton Court.

9. The following statement gives the dimensions, etc., of the ruins and other
structures in this taluka : —

{Siatenxentl

1

a

Stractorc.

jyim&moBM,

How built.

1

Mo^id near ihe great gate of the Grov-
erument Fort.

3ft.x 25 ft.

With stones and bricks

2

Jamma Masjid built by Hem^pant . . .

133 ft. X 100 ft.

Ditto.

3

Kill Masjid ... ... '.V;

56 ft X 46 ft.

With stones

4

Maoka Masjid

22ft.x 16 ft.

With stones and bricks

5

Darga of Sayad S&d^ Amhudin Pir-
s&heb.

200 ft. X 100 ft.

With stones and chunam

6

Darga of Awa]gaji Pirs^heb

100 ft X 75 ft.

W ith stones and bricks

7

xxftirft ••• ••• ••• •■• •••

127 ft. X 119 ft.

Ditto.

8

Idga beyond the river

27ftx 16 ft.

Ditto. '.

9

Gumaj of Faine

28 ft x 23 ft.

Ditto.

10

Gumaj on road to N^riyanpnr

20ftx 15 ft

With bricks

11

Khsng&y a grave of an ancestor of Bode-
miya and Budhanmiya.

75 ft. X 4 ft.

With stones and bricks

12

^^ Darga'' on a hill to the south of the
town.

Not given

With cut-stones and chunam . . .

13

Hem&dpanti Masjid near the Tuesday
market-place.

50 ft X 40 ft.

Ditto. ditto.

14

Hem&dpanti Musjid near the arched
gate in the town.

30 ft. X 30 ft.

With cut-stones

•

15

Masjid on Sh&hdda Road

40 ft. X 30 ft.

With cut-stones and bricks

16

Masjid to the south of the town
Bandhdri built by Hemddpant.

20ft.x 15 ft
500 ft. X 15 ft.

17

With cut-stones and chunam . . .

18

Tank to the south of the town ...

2640 ft X 2100 ft.

Eastern side wall built with
chunam.

19

Tank of Desdi to the east of the town.

400 ft. X 300 ft

With cut-stones.

20

Kkli Vihir in the town

50 ft. X 15 ft.

Ditto.

21

Hem&dpanti Well near the Kumbh&r
Lane.

50 ft. X 40 ft.

Ditto.

22

Temple of Nilkant Mah&dev

84ft.x' 16 ft.

With cut-stones and bricks

28

Temple of Jata Shankar Mahddev

30ft.x 15 ft.

With out-stones

24

Temple of Kalaneshwar Mahddev

15 ft. X 10 ft.

Ditto.

25

Well near the temple of Mahddev of
Umdbdi.

Do.

Ditto.

26

Temple of Kdmndth Mahddev

Do.

With bricks

27

Temple of Sidheshwar Mahadev

30 ft. X 15 ft.

With cut-stones

28

Temple of Vithoba in Desdi Pura

400 ft X 300 ft.

With bricks

29

Well on the way to Randle

20 ft X 20 ft.

W ith cut-stones

30

Well in Budhwar Peth

50 ft X 50 ft.

Ditto.

31

Hemddpanti Well ...

30 ft. X 30 ft.

Ditto.

32

Temple of Sidheshwar Mahddev

100 ft X 50 ft

'With stones, bricks and
chunam

33

Old fort ...

With stones and bricks

34

A^Samddh"

With stones

35

Temple of Sati ...

,...'. 1 Ditto.

Present Condition.

Relicion or Sect to

whu£ the Structure

belongs.

Supposed Age.

Village.

Distance from Nandurbir
in Miles.

In bad order

Mahomedan

• • •

400 years

Nandnrb&r

. • •

.

In good order ...

Do.

• . .

Do.

Do.

. . •

Do.

Do.

. . .

Do.

Do.

. • •

Do.

Do.

• • •

20O years

Do.

. • •

Do.

Do.

. . .

600 years

Do.

• . •

Do.

Do.

• . •

Do.

Do. •

. . •

In bad order

Do.

• • •

500 years

Do.

. . .

In good order

Do.

• . •

600 years

Do.

. . •

Do.

Do.

...

300 years

Do.

. . .

Do.

Do.

. • •

500 years

Do.

• « •

•

Do.

Do,

. . •

400 years

Do.

...

Do.

Do.

500 years

Do.

• a.

.

Do.

Do.

. • •

Do.

Do.

...

•

In bad order

Do.

• • •

Do.

Do.

• ..

Do.

. Do.

• • «

600 years

Do.

• ••

In good 'order ...

Hindu ...

. • •

400 years

Do.

...

Do.

Do.

• . *

500 years

Do.

• •.

Do.

Do.

...

400 years

Do.

• • •

Do.

Do.

...

Do.

Do.

• • •

In bad order

Do:

• . ■

600 years

Do.

...

\

In ^ood order
In bad order

Do.

...

400 years

Do.

...

Do.

...

Do..

Do.

...

Do.

Do.

. . •

500 years

Do.

...

In good order ...

Do.

...

150 years

Do.'

...

Do.

Do.

* . •

300 years

Do.

...

Do.

Do.

...

Do.

Do.

...

.

Do.

Do.

...

150 years

Do.

...

Do.

Do.

...

600 years
Do.

Watada

• ••

5 miles east.

Do.

Do.

• • •

Ban&Ia

...

12 do.

Do.

Do.

• • •

Do.

Sinda

• ••

9 miles north.

Do.

Do.

• a .

Do.

Eorat

...

14 miles north-east.

In bad order

Do.

. • •

Do.

Dh&nora

...

14 miles north-west.

In good order ...

Do.

• • •

200 years

B&yagarh

• •.

19 miles do.

Do.

Do.

. «.

150 years

Do.

...

Do.

•

B 119—2

TALUKA TALODA.

The following statement gives the ruins in this taluka. It is to be regretted no further
particulars are forthcoming :—

Ko.

8
4

5
6
7

8

9

10

11
12

13

Struct u^.

Temple of Chankesh-
war.

Dimensions.

Temple of Rokdesh-

war.
HernddpantiTemple...! 21' x 7^

30' X 24'

Do.

How built.

Present
Condition.

Religion
or Sect to
which the
Structure

belongs.

Do. Samddh...

Do. do.

Do. do.

Hem&dpanti Temple of

Mahidev.
Fort ... .

Hem^dpanti Temple of

Mahddev.
xanKi ... ... ..

Three images of gods .
Hemadpauti Temple of

Devi.
Fort ...

12' X 12'
16i'x 15'

134' X isr

15' X 15'

240' X240'

15' X 13^'

15' X 10'

11 square
miles.

With bricks
and chunam.

Fair
order ..

Do.

Bains ...

Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Bad ...
Good ...

Do. ...

Do. . . .

Do. . . .

With bricks
and mud . . .

Bad

Do.

Ruins . . .

With stones.

•

Good . . .

Do.

With stones
and bricks..
Do.

Bad ...
Good ...

Bad ...

Hindu...

Do. ...

Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

.•

Do. ...

Do. ...

Do. . . .

Do. . . .

Do. ...

Do. . . .

Supposed
Age.

250 years..

Do.

••

Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

500 years...

£50 years...
500 years-
Do. ..
250 years..

Do. ..

Village.

Distaoce

from

T&lod»

ia Miles.

Amlad

Do.

Hatoda

Do.

Do.

Do. •
AshAiva

Kukarmun-
da.

Folwadi ...

Toranm&l .

Do.

Magapada .

Manjin ...

Do.

2
Do.
Der.
Do.

4

8

8

50

Do.
12

Do.

TALUKA SHA'HADA.

• •

1. At Prakdshd (^W^), on the Tapti River, 10 miles south of Shdhdda, the head-
quarter town of this taluka, there is a collection of temples with tombs^ Sfc. They are
built on high rocks, and have a very fine appearance, both from a distance and close.
These temples happen to be exhctly opposite to the temple of Sidheswar Mahddey
at Korat in Nandurb^r taluka, across the river.

Of these the largest, that of Sangameshwar^ is so Uke a Mus^lmaa mosque with
its two domes, that it would probably be taken for one at first ; it is more Ukely
a Hindu temple built in Musdlman style. It is a fine, handsome, imposing building,
and about 3 or 400 years old. It hardly requires preservation, as it is in no visible
danger, but it is well worth photographing.

The town of Prak^sha is very old and interesting. The Mdmleddr of Sh^h^da
says that in a book now existing at Prak^ha, called the history of the River Tapti,
it is stated that a river named Prayoshn^ (hot water) disappeared, and again re«
appeared at this place, and from this circumstance the place was called Prakasha, by
corruption of the words " Pragat jh^li " (re-appeared). This tradition suggests that
there has been volcanic action within the memory of man.

■

He states that theri9 are five temples of importance, besides many of lesser
importance.

2. Temple of Gaotam (^fcT*? ), east of Prakisha, on the banks of the Gomi, said
to have been built by one of the Holkars.

3. A temple of Sangameshwar Mahddeo. — There are two Sanskrit inscriptions
over the door. The temple was built in 1667 Shali W^hdn. There is also a large sabhi
mandap with a fine inscription carved on it.

4. On the west of Prakisha there is a temple of the goddess Mansdpuri with
an XS-armed statue of the goddess. This is supposed to be 250 years old.

5. A temple of Keddreshwary on the south of which is a pavement 59 feet long
and 17 broad. This temple is said to be 300 years old. There is a " dipmdl " (pillar
for lamps) in front of it 43 feet high. Also a ghit or staircase down to the river
160 feet by 55 feet. No one knows who built the temple pr the " dipm&l."

6. North of the last-named is a temple of Mahddeu. On the gate there is a
fine carving of two elephants, &c. In a recess on the south side of the gate is an
illegible inscription containing the year 1664 of the Shdli Wiih&a.

7. On the south of Mansipuri's temple is a stone mosque^ built, it is said,
125 years ago by one Malumuja.

8. Sultdnpur (5^^F^?5). — This is a ruined city about 10 miles north of Shdhida.
Its walls enclosed a space of about a square mile, in one comer of which was a fort.

The interest of this place consists, not so much in the value of its ruins, which is
^ not very great, (the buildings overthrown being neither better, nor worse archi-
tecturally than those of many towns still standing entire,) as in its history. It evU

8

\

i

dently w^s a rich, thriving place, now completely destroyed and almost completely
uninhabited before the ruins have had time to become old, and while the roads,
avenues and gardens are still in existence. There are here the remains of a jumma
musjid or great mosque of no particular merit. Like other buildings here, it has
been broken up to supply building materials for the neighbouring villages. There is
a temple of Mahddev outside the town built by Lakshmanr&o Desii, who lived here.
It is out of repair.

9. There is a small but interesting temple irk good repair opposite the usual
camping ground, built by Ahilyd Bdij Queen of Indore^ step-mother of the great
Yeshwantrdo Holkar.

•

10. There is a garden from 250 to 300 yards square lying on the east side of the
town, enclosed by a wall 3 feet thick of mud faced with bricks, and entered by an
imposing gateway of bricks four feet thick but hollow. It is 30 or 40 feet high, and
looks like the gable end of a large house in England with a gateway ip the middle.

From this gate an avenue of palm-trees (there are only four palm-trees lefb in thte
avenue) leads to a raised plinth in the middle of the garden about 5 feet high and 4
feet square. This plinth was formerly covered over with cut-stone, and also cased
round, as is shown by a " pipal " tree, which has grown up on the outside, and has
Caught tight between its^roots two of the stones which formed part of the casing.

On the top of the plinth are /our tombstones.

] 1 . Near this mausoleum is a palm-tree, the stem of which is completely enclosed
by a ** pipal " tree, which has formed an almost perfect tube over it, the top of the
palm-tree appearing above the " pipal.**

There are altogether about 11 palm-trees in the garden ; they appear as if more
than 100 feet high. The walls of the garden are being gradually destroyed by people
pulling the bricks out of them.

12. The most interesting ruin is the house (or houses) of LaJeshmanrdo Desdi ; ft is
not architecturally remarkable, but it was a large handsome house ; it seems to have
had a fine garden, and there are two or three wells connected with it.

13. The fort itself was of mud faced with brick, and rather intricately and
curiously built ; but the bricks have been to a great extent carried away.

14. There is only one respectable inhabitant of the place, named Matu Krip^ram ;
all the other inhabitants seem to be Bhils. He relates the following story of the tie«-
truction of Sultdnpur, ' I do not know whether it is mentioned in Grant Dufi^s history
or not ; so I give it on Matu Kjripdrdm's authority, whatever it may be worth.

•

Malhar Bio Holkar, husband of Ahilyd Bdi mentioned above, had an illegiti-
mate son named Yesh wan trio (the great Holkar). After Malhdr Rio's death, the
Peshwa refused to acknowledge Yeshwantrao as his successor, and imprisoned the
latter in Poena. Yeshwantrao, however, escaped, and came into the neighbourhood
of Sultdnpur, which was then part of Holkar's dominions. He struck up a
sort of alliance with the Bhils, and plundered such of the inhabitants of the
neighbourhood as would not acknowledge him as their king ; among those who re-
fused to notice him, was Lakshmanrdo Desdi, the chief noble of Sultdnpur. One day
Holkar came and took up his quarters at Chikli (a village about 6 miles west of
Sultdnpur), where. Jugar Naik, the'Bhil chieftain of that place, was his friend. From
this place Holkar* seirt a letter to Lakshmahrdo, calling on him for Rs, 500 (as a token

I

of submission I presume). Lakslimanrio scornfully refused to send the money, and
spoke i-udely of Holkar's birtlr and caste.

Lakslimanrio then showed the letter to Krip^rdm Dag^rim, a rich banker and
3 Patel of the place. This man was either devoted to Holkar, or, what is more
likely, secretly afraid of him. When he heard what had happened, lie trembled for
fear of Holkar's vengeance, and taking Rs, 500 with him rushed off to ChikU, and
flung himself and his tribute at Holkar's feet. Holkar then doubtless perceiving, by
the movement of this piece of straw, which way the wind was blowing, took Jugar
Naik with him in a carriage, and drove boldly into the fort at SuMnpur (the fort
was then used as a kutcherry], and meeting the peons asked them " whose servants
they were " : they said " Holkar's.'' Then said be : " If you are Holkar's servants,
go and plunder the Desii'a quarters." There was at once a rush to Lakshmanrdo's
palace, LakshmanrAo himself having made his escape in time.

Then began the destruction. Holkar rewarded Jugar Naik by giving him leave
to plunder the town. The Bhils fell upon it, and, as might be supposed, the whole town
was destroyed, and all the respectable inhabitants fled away except the one man who
relates this history. This man was ten' years old when Holkar drove into the fort of
Sultftiipur. He is now eighty-two, and was never married. He has no children, and
he has no one to cook his food. He wears hardly any clothing, and was poor enough
to be very glad to take two rupees for his story, which Mr. Worthington kindly
offered him. He is the son of the wealthy banker who thought to have saved Sultdn-
pur by paying tribute to Holkar.

15. Well at TauU! (rTOfi. ) — Matu Kripdr&m relates the following story regard-
ing this well. TaulAi is a nearly deserted village about two miles north of Sult<inpur.
He states that the well was built about 100 years ago (Mr. Worthington thinks it
much older) by one Maheshwar Bhat, whose sickle one day, when he ivas cutting gi'ass,
touched a stone and was turned to gold. He took the sickle home, but left the Btone.
His mother searched again for it with another piece of iron, which on touching
the stone also turned to gold. She then picked it up and took it home, after which
the family of course soon became rich, and Maheshwar devoted part of his wealth to
digging the well. This tale is an instance showing how much stronger a memory
Hindus have for any absurd legend than they have foe true history. I suppose this
Maheshwar Bhat, who was of the same variety of Brahmin caste as Matu Krip^rim,
was an industrious grazier who made a fortune. His well ia one of the finest iu
Eliandesh.

This well has, as reported by the Milmleddr, 92 steps above water, and probably
10 or 12 below. The well ia round and about 26 or 30 feet iu its inner diameter.

The stairs are about 13 feet wide, and divide into various portions, each consist-
ing of a flight of about a dozen steps terminating in a broad landing-place. Over
two of these landing-places are great domes like the domes of a mosque, and ia
descending the stairs one passes first through a single arch, then under two arches
one above another, and then under three arches one above the other.

The general architectural effect is very grand ; the staircase of the well produces
an effect on the eye like the nave of a groat cathedral, which says a good deal for
the architectural skill of the builder; tor the actual sixe of the staircase is scarcely
enough to allow one of the gi'eat pillars of a first-rate cathedral to stand inside it
without crushing out the walls.
B 119—3

10

This well is so excellent as to deserve to be carefully preserved at a considerable
expense. Hitherto it has suffered no visible damage dxcept from th^ roots of trees,
but these have already done mischief to it. Orders have been issued to have them
cut out.

16. At Fatiepur ( ii%^. ), 10 miles north of Shdhdda, there is a ruined fort with
some curious paintings on the wall.

17. At Manddna ( *^t^ ), about 10 miles north-east of Sh^h&da, there is a very
high fort, in which there is rather a curious piece of sculpture : a small white marble
image of a Hindu god^ which, though in its general fashion and idea like a conmion
Hindu image, has so niuch beauty that I suspect it to be the work of some European
artist in the service of one of the Holkars. The villagers will not allow it to be
taken away.

TALUKA PIMPALNER.

In this talaka there are a series of ancient temples at Balsdne ( ?^rm^ ) ; also,
caves 9 and an ancient well at Bhdmer (^<). Regarding the former,- a plan is
appended, A, drawn up by the Mah&lkari of Nizdmpur. These buildings are so beau-
tiftil that I make little doubt they have already been thoroughly described by scien-
tific persons. They do not seem to be exposed to much danger at present ;* the people
seem to be proud of them ; the place is very retired and not very commercial, and the
climate does not seem to be of a nature to injure the ruins.

No building could be more worthy of being accurately photographed than the
principal one of these temples. Though small, it is exquisitely beautiful, carved
luxuriantly from summit to base inside and out, and of a very graceful form. It
seems to be of the same age and style as the carvings of the caves at Ellora. The
human figures, though, like most of such Indian carvings, not really good, are not
coarsely ugly, but are very tolerable sculpture, and the rest of the carving is very
minute and Gne.

Its general appearance is of a very richly carved building, which has had all its
mortar removed, or as if the stones had been carved one by one, and then loosely put
together.

I imagine that in character it does not differ from other Hem^dpanti temples.

The interior room of the temple is 18 feet square inside with a doorway in
each side.

In the front of the temple there is a portico to which you ascend by six steps.
The pillars at the top of the steps are 5 feet apart, and the whole portico is 12 feet
wide. The pillars inside the temple were about 10 feet high and 2 J feet -square at
base. Each pillar has for its capital a horizontal flat cross, under each arm of which
is a cherub or angel with the palms of the hands pressed together as in prayer.

These figures are remarkably perfect, and astonishingly like similar figures in
English cathedrals.

The style of the temple and the carvings remind one of the caves of Ellora, and
I should suppose it is of about the same period. The stones are black with age.

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The other temples and buildings at this place are some of them very beautiful,
though the one mentioned is considered by far the best of all.

One of them has on the lintel a Marathi or Sanskrit inscription,

Balsdne is 14 miles east of Pimpalner^ the head-quarter town of this taluka.

The dimensions of these temples are as follows : —

1

• • • •

... 18 feet X 12 feet

o

... 14 feet X 9 feet

3

... 12 feet X 11 feet

4

... 14 feet X 14 feet

5

... 14 feet X 14 feet

6

•

.♦. 8 feet X 8 feet

7

... 14 feet X 8 feet

8

... 8 feet X 8 feet

They appear to belong to the Shiwa sect, and are supposed to be more than 500
years old. \

2. Bk&mer caves and an old Hemddpanti tank (such tanks are called Gaoli
IBi&j&B* wells, and they are not very uncommon in Khandesh).

Bh^er is a ruined town built of stone, at the foot of a great hill, on which a fort
is built. It is 4 miles south of Nizdmpur.

The town itself seems to have been the chief station of a taluka in former times.
The whole place is covered with ruins and old foundations of houses. It is surroimd-
ed by a loose ruined wall. On the west is a gate flanked by two round towers with
two pillars about nine feet high for gate posts, one of which is standing in its place,
the other lying down at some distance. The pillars seem to be cut out of single
stones.

There is an old stone palace, which was the kutoherry in the reshw^'s time. On
the entrance-gate is a carving of an animal like an heraldic lion ^* regardant " with a
circular shield on the right.

There is another much finer gateway standing. There is at each end of it an
archway, and on each side of the roadway between the arches is a raised terrace* 5 or
6 feet high.

Upon each terrace stand two pillars about 12 feet hi^h, and behind each pillar
is a pilaster in the side«waU, and on each side in a line with the pillars is a pilaster in
each end-wall.

These pillars and pilasters are of the same fashion as the two at the other gate.

Near this gateway is the Hemddpanti Tank. It is a characteristic specimen of
what the natives here call the Gaoli Bij^' wells.

There is a ruined mosque near the same gateway.

The hill itself has been turned into a fort by the addition of some masonry to
the natural escarpment.

All that could be learnt about the history of the fort (the natives in this zillah
have very short historical memories) was, that about 60 years ago the place was seized
by a Musilman rebel called Kale or Kilekhan, at which time, I suppose, the town
was destroyed ^

12

There are round towers at the entranoe-gatei and the roadway to the top is occa«
sionally cut into steps. But the remarkable feature of this fort is that its buildings
are mostly underground ones, the escarpment bekig honey-combed with caves, some
of which are plain and shapeless, but others constitute regmar complete buildings with
pillars to support the roof, all architecturally regular.

These caves are spoken of as the Gktoli Bdjas' houses ; I should suppose some of
them to be extremely old, but others are in their present state apparently not many
hundred years old.

All the caves of anv importance face south-west, and are arranged nearly on
one level, like those of Ellora. . (Generally the rock overhangs the dopr way of the caves,
and in front of the doorway another rock rises up so as to form a parapet in front of
the door.

The first set of caves consist of three, opening into each other. The floors are
deeply covered with mud, leaving the present height of the ca ves ab out 12 feet.
The middle cave is the largest of the three, being about 24 feet square.

The partition walls between the caves are very thin, and there is no carving ; but
the marks of tools all over the waUs show that the caves are not natural formations.

The next set of caves consist also of three, the middle one being the largest,
and divided from the two end ones by this partition of rocks. Through one of these
partitions a door or opening has been accidentally made ; in the other partition is a
small hole.

The roof of the largest cave in the middle is supported by three columns of rock
left to serve as pillars. In two of these, grooves facing each other have been cut, one
groove in each pillar apparently to support lamps or a screen. This cave is very
irregular in shape.

■

Beyond them are two other caves not remarkable, and 50 yards beyond is a cave
containing water, and called a tdkd (tank) : it is divided into two parts by a wall of
rock 15 inches thick and rising to within 3 feet of the roof. The mouth of this tank
is divided lengthwise into 3 parts by two stone pillars.

Next we come to a regular palace cut in the rock, which was the fort kutcherry.

The first of these caves, supposed by the Mahdlkari to be 300 years oM or more,
is divided by 2 rows of regularly-shaped pillars, with pilasters corresponding to them
in the walls.

The doorway of this cave has a lintel of the form called in England " shoul-
dered."

The side posts are fluted down to the ground and moulded to about half way
down ; in the fluting, below the moulded part, are, on the left side of the doorway,
two figures about 15 inches high. They seem to be male and female, but the Mahdl-
kari called them '* chopddrs." There is another figure on the right door-post.

The second room cave, the whole of which is in very good preservation, is used
as a re^idence.

The length of the pillar is divided into successive portions, which are round and
square alternately.

The third cave of this set is like the other two.

18

Beyond these three caves, which constitute the kutcherry, is a cave said to have
been used as a dungeon. It is a great square hole about 20 feet deep and some-
what more in length and breadth. The opening at the top is long, horizontal and
narrow. Perhaps a very active man might contrive to climb up to it by help of
the roughness of the walls, but not without great practice. There is a small hole at
the side near the offices just mentioned, to pass food through for the prisoners.

There is another cave of no great importance on the other side of the hill facing

north-east.

Also in a part of the same side facing north towards Nizdmpur, there is a whole
range of caves said to be inaccessible.

The dimensions of the tank are 75' by 60'. It is said to be more than 500 years

old.

3. At Brahmanwel (wwr»i>gr), 10 miles west of Nizimpur, there is a samddh
T X 7' and a temple of " Devi " 27' X 15', both in good order and built, the former of
stone, and the latter of stone and chunam, both said to be 250 years old.

4. At Nizdnipur (^wi'tt^), tfte head-quarters of a Mah^lkari, subordinate to the
Miraledar of Pimpalner, there is a temple of Pdrasndth 75'x59' built of stones and
chunam, in good condition, said to be 250 years old. It belongs to the Jain sect.

5. In addition to the above ruins there are numberless fragments of ruin appa-
rently of the same class of building as the Hemidpanti temples scattered about in
many of the villages, which lie at the foot of the hills south of the P^njra in tht
Pimpalner Taluka.

These fragments are generally single pillars curiously carved, evidently very old
and often built into other buildings. The most conspicuous is in a village due south
of Pimpalner about 5 miles from it.

6. There is also a Heniddpanti tank at the village of Indra^ 6 miles north-west
of Dus^na on the road to Mdlpur.

TALUKA CHOPRA.

1. Jumma Masjid at Chopra ('fhrif). — Supposed to be 300 years old. It is esti-
mated to have cost Rs. 20,000, and its dimensions are 34' long and 48' broad. The
musjid is said to have been built by Miran Mahamad Ehin, one of the Farukhi Kings
of Khandesh.

2. Kali Musjid at Chopra. — Supposed to be 200 years old. It is estimated to
have cost Rs. 1,500, and its dimensions are 40' long and 42' broad. It is said to
have been built by Ddd& Miya, a Mahomedan saint of local celebrity.

3. Musjid of Shildne Sdheb at Chopra. — Supposed to be 200 years old. It is
estimated to have cost Rs. 1,500, and its dimensions are 40' long and 30' broad. It
is said to have been built by ShiUne Sdheb, a ' fakir, who lived 200 (two hundred)
years ago.

B 119—4

14

4. Musjid in Shekhpurd at CAopra.— Supposed to be 200 years old. It is esti-
mated to have cost Rs. 20,000, and its dimensions are 37' long and 37' broad. It
is supposed to have been built by one Mird Shekh Mahamad Walej^ A'waliy^, and is
kept in repair by Amzud Ali, a Mus^lman of Chopra.

5. Sdtkothadyd Well at Chopra. — Supposed to be 200 years old. It is estimated
to have cost Rs. 2,000, and its dimensions are 65' long and 45' broad. It is said to
have been built by Jawbil Rini Duli, whose descendant Amin walad Shekh Bhikari
still owns it. The well is situated in Survey No. 1156 of the village of Chopra.

6. Well in the garden of seven palm-trees at Chopra. — Supposed to be 200 years
old. It is estimated to have cost Rs. 1,000, and its dimensions are 24' long and 42'
broad. It is said to have been built by J^n Ali Kh^n Jdh^girdar, and is situated in
Survey No. 1143.

7. Old Fort at Chowgdon (^t^). — North-west of Chopra, supposed to be 500
years old. It is estimated to have cost Rs. 2,00>000, and its dimensions are 500'
long and 500' broad. It is situated about a mile and a half to the north of the village
on the top of rising ground in Survey No. 168. The plateau of the fort is reached
by steps as in the fort of Laling in Dhulia Taluka. There are tanks on the side, as in
Laling. Some of them are of carved stones. Insidfi the gate of the fort is a Fir's tomb
and a tank. Remains of wall are visible. The fort is said to have been built in the
Gaoli Raj. A vernacular sketch plan and description is appended, B.

8. Temple of Ndteshwar at Ldsur (^r^). — North-west of Chopra, said to be 300
years old. It is estimated to have cost Rs. 2,000, and its dimensions are 46' long
and 38' broad. It is situated in the hills to the north of Ldsur, and is surrounded by
a wall on the outside ; on one of the wells inside the temple is an inscription. An im*
pression of this is given below ; a sketch of the temple is also given, O : —

Il>5fl MU^\ f& <^l *4I J^ W <1 Q HU H

"H^H fcl II \lij ^ ell <rf d^l II-41 M WJ

5l€^3lMii)llltS^^tf1|-|l

9. Ldlhdg Well at Addwad (w«r^?). — East of Chopra, supposed to be 150 years
old. It is estimated to have cost Rs. 3,000, and its dimensions are 30' long and 12'
broad. This is a fine old well with steps at present in ruins. It is built of stone and
chunam by Shdmdas Guzarathi, and situated in Survey No. 276.

10. Musjid with loell at the above place. — Supposed to be 125 years old. It is
estimated to have cost Rs. 1,000, and its dimensions are 20' long and 12' broad.
It is an old mosque built in Survey No. 1, having a foundation of stone and chunam,
and with a superstructure of brick and chunam. On one of the stones of the ^teps
is a Persian inscription, copy of which is herewith given : —

3

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' 15

11. Well with steps at the above village. — Supposed to be 200 years old. It is
estimated to have cost Rs. 1,000, and its dimensions are 40' long and 12' broad. It
is in ruins, and said to have been built by Eshwant Deshmukh in Survey No. 182.

12. Temple built by Eunuchs at the above village. — Supposed to be 200 years
old. It is estimated to have cost Rs. 1,000, and its dimensions are 50' long and 30'
broad. It is in ruins, and built of chunam and bricks, with four doors and three
minarets. Two of the doors have fallen in.

13. Hot-spring of Undbdeo {^^). — This is more frequented than its sister
spring of Nizardeo, and is in every way more worthy of notice. It lies about
three miles to the north of Addwad right under the SAtpura Hills. The hot water
issues from an oblong hole in (what appears to be) a solid block of masonry forming
the lower part of an old Hindu temple, and flows into a square tank (about 25 X 25
feet). The tank is situated in the centre of a small enclosure surrounded by a substan-
tial, if not a very elegant, red brick wall. Within this enclosure there was formerly
a dfaarms&U built close to the edge of the tank for the use of Brahmins, and there
are at present two small Hindu temples.

The dharmsald is now being rebuilt by some pious Hindu of Chopra, and fur-
ther repairs to the tank and its surroundings are, it is understand, in contemplation.

There is a remarkable little shrine behind (or rather in) the block of. masonry
built over the springs. You creep down a very hot and narrow little passage or
hole for about 10 feet, and find yourself in a hot chamber about four feet high and
six feet square, in which are deposited several pieces of red brick and painted stone.

Undbdeo was at one time a kind of second Trimbdk, and there are still traces of
what once must have been a very picturesque little village :—

The temperature of this spring is as follows : —

Thennometer before Thenqometer after

being placed in being placed in Difference,

water. water.

At dawn 80° 140^ 60*

At noon 90** 140* 60*

Water in tank at the remotest point

from the spring 80° 100* 20'

An analysis of the water of this spring, taken in 1873 by Dr. Bainbridge, Civil Surgeon
of Dhulia, gave the following results. He does not think it possesses any thera-
peutic value : —

Total solids by evaporation ...
Organic matter
Silica and iron

JLJlIil6 ... .•• .«• •••

Chloride of sodium
Sulphates (of magnesia ?)

j^ l\ioivG9 .•« ••• •..

Nitrites

Hardness

Reaction

Color

Taste

■«.

18'20 grains per gallon.

3-2

)3

8-4

33

Nil.

Ji

2

Ji

A trace.

Nil.

1 75

:i

Neutral.

None.

•

Earthy.

16

I am informed that in the " Valmiki lUmiyan " it ig stated that the origin of
this spring was the shooting of an arrow by Bdma to provide water for a Rishi called
Hharbang. This story is somewhat similar to that mentioned regarding the Surat
springs of Dewki Uni.

14. Rdmtalao or Sundbdeo (g^rnftf^). — This hot-spring is 4 miles west of the
spring of Unibdeo, and its proximity to the springs of Nizardeo and Unibdeo sug-
gests the possibility of all three possessing the same thermal source. This spring is
to be found in a narrow gorge or glen formed by two low projecting spurs of the
Satpuras. There are no remains now but a broken bandhdhl and a little springing
pool of what must formerly have been a considerable expanse of water, and a very
popular place of Hindu pilgrimage. The bandhdri is one of extraordinary thickness
and solidity, and the bricks, which formed part of the old wall or tank, have become
quite famous throughout this part of Khandesh. They are about a foot and a half
long and from two to four inches thick. A curious story is told about them.

It appears that, some time before the introduction of our rule, a Musilman Mukht-
yiv of the Nimb^kar J^hagirddr had charge of the village of Wardi, about 2 miles
from Sunibdeo. This man, either in scorn or forgetfulness of Hindu prejudices^
broke up the tank, and used the bricks in building a step-well in his own village*

From the day the well was opened, says the tradition, a curse fell on the
villagers, and they were all attacked by guinea- worm.

The village consequently became deserted, and remained so till about 40 years
ago, when the ancient Patilki family induced the inhabitants to return. The village
was then repopulated, and all went on well, till in due time it was determined to
rebuild the old village chauri. For this purpose the Patils applied for and obtained
Government aid, and permission to use the bricks of the old village well. No sooner was
the chauri finished than the curse returned. The people began to suffer from fever and
(iysentery, and in two years the village became once more deserted. Since then no one
has attempted to re-occupy the old village site. The belief obtains that the offended
deity of the Rdm Talao still angrily presides over his ancient bricks ! So strange
is this belief, that though the village is now repopulated, not a single house or hut
lias been built within the ancient walls.

The villagers at present occupy a waste number about two hundred yards to the
west of the G^otdn or ancient site.

The other day, being unaware of the tradition, Mr. John Pollen, Second Assistant
Collector, endeavoured to persuade the people to use the bricks of the old chauri in
constructing a new chauri, which he induced them to commence on the present village
site. To this they most determinedly and persistently objected, and after a little demur
plainly told him the cause.

" The bricks are the property of Ram, and cannot be tomhed with impunity.^'

In spite of our schools and education this story is still repeated and believed
throughout the country-side. .

The scenery round about, if not grand, is very striking and pleasing.
The temperature of this spring is as follows : —

Thermometer before Thermometer after

b^ing placed ia being placed in Difference, *

water. water.

At dawn ... ... ... 80" 85' 5*

Atnoou ... ... ... 88' 91' 4'

17

An analysis of the water of this spring, taken in 1873 by iOr. Bainbridge, Civil
Surgeon of Dhulia, gave the following results. He does not think it possesses any
therapeutic value : —

Total solids by evaporation

Organic matter

Silica and iron

Lime

Chloride of sodium

Sulphates (of magnesia ?)

Nitrates .•.

Nitrites

Hardness ...

Reaction

Color

Taste

• • »

• ••

• ••

•••

19 grains per gallon.
3-7
8-4
Nil.
4-9
2
A tiace.
Nil.

1*75 grains per gallon.
Neutral.
None.
Earthy.

}3

15* Hot Spring of Nizardeo (PiF^) oU Wirwddd{f^K^) — The temperature of this
spring is 100® at dawn and 103® at noon. Mr. Pollen, who made observations some
years ago, reports results as follows : —

At dawn
At noon

. • »

Thermometer before

being placed in

the water.

70"
95^

Thermometer after
being placed in
' the water.

100^

108^

Differenee.

8*

Nizardeo . is situated about a mile and a half to the north from the village of
Wirwddd^ close to a deserted village lying at the foot of the Satpura range named
Miyipur.

The Well apparently springs from the bed of the Gauli Nallah, and used at one
time to flow through the head of a bull fixed in the side of a small tank or cistern
measuring about six feet by six. Now, however, the warm water trickles from a
cleft (or clefts) in the rock a little to the side of this cistern, and the cistern itself is
empty.

There is nothing at all remarkable in the surroundings of Nizardeo, and the
spring does not now appear to be held in any very great veneration by the Hindus.

An analysis of the water of this spring, taken in 1873 by Dr. Bainbridge, Civil
Surgeon of Dhulia, gave the following results. He does not think it possesses any •
therapeutic properties : —

Total solids by evaporation
Organic matter
Silica and iron

Lime ... •••

Chloride of sodium ...
Sulphates (of magnesia ?)
Nitrates ... ....

Nitrites

Hardness

Reaction

Color

Taste

•••

•••

• . •

•« .

•»«

•••

i. .

• . •

•••

•••

••f

••«

•• •

. * .

. . •

21*6 grains per gallon.

3-2

}}

8-4

a

Nil.

8

ii

2

a

A trace.

Nil.

1-75

.. W

NentraU

None.

Earthy.

B 119—6

18
TALUKA SAUDA.

1. WUl at Kalmddu (^555^), north-east of Nhiwi — Supposed to be 400 years
old. It is estimated to have cost Rs. 2,000, and its dimensions are 27' long, 15'
broad, and 17' high. It is in a ruined state, and is sitqated on the old high road
from Chopra to Barhinpur, and said to have been built in the GaoU Bij. The
Nimbilkar carried off some of the stones of this well to repair his fort at Y^wal
about 60 years ago. Since then it has fallen out of repair and dried up.

2. Temple ta Bhilohd at F^ldalsa (qi^odt)), south-west of Sauda. — Supposed to be
150 years old. It is estimated to have cost Rs. 2,500, and its dimensions are 85^
long, 66' broad, and 15' high. It is in good state, and is situated on high ground
outside the village overlooking the plain of Sauda. It is said that a " Bhagat '*
named Krishna built this temple at his own cost about 150 years i^o. The building
is kept in constant repair by his grandson, at present living in the village.

3. Temple ofMahddev at Udhali (^r^T)^ S^hurd^ south of Sauda, on the banks of
the Tapti. — Supposed to be 150 years old. It is estimated to have cost Rs. 1,500, and
its dimensions are 2/ long and 24' broad. It is in a half-ruined state. The outer
halls were swept away by a flood. The shrine is, however, still perfect. It is said
that Lakshman Kasbi, Mimledir of Sauda, built this temple.

4 Temple of Ndth at Udhali Budruk {^o^X^^)j south of Sauda, on the banks
of the Tapti. — Supposed to be 150 years old. It is estimated to have cost Rs. 1,400,
and its dimensions are 19' long, 15' broad, and 24' high. It is in good state, and is
said to have been built by a saint named Ndth.

5. Musjid of Bahrdyd at Wdghod (^t^rt), north-east of Sauda. — Supposed to be
150 years old. It is estimated to have cost Rs. 1,500, and its dimensions are 19'
long, 18' broad and 25' high. It is in ruins. The walls of the compound have been
demolished. It is said to have been built before the British rule by Lakshman Kasbi,
Mimled^r of Sauda.

6. Ndgjiri Tank at Bdver (^k). — Supposed to be 200 years old. It is estimated
to have cost Rs. 1,000, and its dimensions are 41' long and 30' broad. This is a tank of
clear water supplied from living springs by pipes ; the waters of the stream Vhich
flows round River take their rise from this tank, which is connected with the lesser
tank by pipes. It is said to have been built by a Sonir, name not knoWn.

7. Keshao Kund at Bdver. — Supposed to be 125 years old. It is estimated to
have cost Rs. 1,000, audits dimensions are 22' long and 18' broad. This is a tank of
clear water supplied from living springs, and is said to have been built by Ahilyi B^
Holkar.

8. On a stone of the old Sardi, now used as a market in the toum of Raver ^ is
an inscription the impression of which is given here : —

A/J^l^a

19

9. Fori and Palace at Rasulpur (^^^), a village two miles from River. — Sup-
posed to bo 260 years old. It is estimated to have cost Rs, 25,000, and its dimensions
are 336' long and 300' broad. Tliis is in ruins. The walls are still standing. The
old palace is in ruins, and is said to have beon built by a Mahomedau J^h^girdar,
known as DivAn Saheb, whoae descendants now reside at Hyderabad in the Deccan.

10. Te-mple of Onkdreshwar and a Dharmedld at Bhokri Digar (^t^>ftl '^J« ), west
of River. — Supposed to be 123 years old. It is estimated to have cost Rs. 25,000, and
its dimensions are 96' long and 90' broad. This temple is in a good state of repair.
The dharmsiU is out of repair, and is said to have been built by AhUyi Biii Holkar.
It is situated on the banks of the streajn Bhakar. The inscription on this temple
is as follows : —

*' ^T^3T Pija ?moj 5T& *T>^ wt^ "mr^r ^nrr^< fnf % f^mu^^K- Prw \ \^% '*

as impression of which is given here : —

"5r

11. Sardi, Kagjiri, and Miisjid at Pdl (iTTS,) on the Snki Ndli, in the centre
of the table-land above RAver. — Supposed to be 200 years old each. They are estimat-
ed to have cost Rs. 20,000, 1,000, and 10,000, respectively, and their dimensions are
201'longand201'bi'oad,50' long and 30' broad, and 27' long and 27' broad. The old
mosque is made of black stone wfthout chunam, and has three arches. The Nigziri
fountain is in a state of repair. It is not known who built it. Pal is said to havu
been destroyed 80 years ago by Bshwantriio Uolkar. The Ndgjiri tank or fountain
is connected with the wall in the fort by under-ground pipes. The water escapee by
13 mouths or outlets on to the stream btilow. The sar^i or dharmsilit is in ruins ;
only four walls now stand. An attempt h now being made to re-colonize Pill.

12. Temple to Manubdi at Mdndpttri (irTf^fl). north-west of Yawal. — Supposed
to be 300 years old. It is estimated to have oost Rs. 1,000, and its dimensions
are 22' long, 1 5' broad, and 1 6' high. Some parts of the temple are in ruins. It is said
to have been built in the Gaoli Rilj, and is situated about a mile from the village of
JVIinipuri in the hills. The goddess is worshipped by the Tadwi Bhils, who atlend a
a £air near the shrine in the month of " Chaitra."

13. Fort at Ydwal {m^^). — Supposed to be 100 years old. It is estimate<I to
have cost Rs. 1,00,000, and its dimensions are 252' long, 228' broad, and oC high.
Only 2 buildings stand in the fort, viz., the Nim kachari, a two-storied building, and
the kachari proper ; outer walls of the fort still stand, except on the west side.
This fort was built by Appiji Rdo bin Gobi-Dada Niuibilkar, to whose family Yfiwal
was granted in jihigir by Scindia.

20
TALUKA NUSSBERABAD.

1. CelU north'weat of Nusseera^ad, nt Kdnalda (<|>Hg^ ')« — Supposed to be 300
years old. They are estimated to have cost Rs. 2,000, and their dimensions are : —

1st— 5' X 10'
2nd— 7' X 4'
3rd— 4'x3i'
4th— 3^X3'

There is a quaint-looking temple of carved black stone on the bank of the Oirna
below the village, and close beside it is the house of the Oos^i. In the centre of this
house is a flight of steps leading to a door, When the door is opened, there are a
few more steps, and then a big hole, climbing through which we find ourselves in
the first cell or room, in the opposite wall of which is another hole leading into cell
No. 2, and so on to cell No, 4, There is nothing at all remarkable about these
cells ; they are simply dug out of soft earth,

2. Mat at Shelgdon (^nk), north of Jalgdon.-r-Supposedto be 200 years old.
It is estimated to have cost Rs. 7,000, and its dimensions are SO' long, 60' broad, and 30'
high, ft is said to have been built by Masangir Gosdvi, It stands on high ground
near the junction of the Tapti and Wighur rivers opposite Borawal, and is built of
chunam and stone. Its east wall is in a falling condition. The temple is approached
by steps.

3. Temple ofMahddev at Kanddri (^>g|(|), south of Jalgdon. — Supposed to be 400
years old. It is estimated to have cost Rs. 800, and its dimensions are 15' long, 12'
broad, and 20' high. It is a Hemidpanti temple gradually decaying. Walls, &c., are
out of repair.

4. Temple of Rdmeshwar at Paldsda (^061^^)9 north-west of Jalgdon. — Supposed
to be 300 years old. It is estimated to have cost Rs. 1,500, and its dimensions are 17
long, 14' broad, and 21' high. The temple is built on a small hill near the junction
of the Girna with the Tapti on a raised ota 25'X 16', and is in good state of repair.
It is not known who built it.

TALUKA CHA'LISGAON.

1. Patna (qRT^), a deserted village about 10 miles south-west from Chdlisgaob,
and under the S^tmdla Hills, contains on the old village site, and in the glen named
after it, a few interesting remains : —

(a). — A temple of Mahddev on the pillage site^

No record or legend of its construction can be found.

It consists of one cell and a " sabhd mandap." It is built of stone in the Hem^d-
panti style, and has the appearance of a mass of pillars built up close to one another,

21

tlie whole supported on small stone elephants, such as are to be seen at the " Kailaa "
cave iu the Yerold group. The temple contains the lingum and sacred bull, and the
itnagea of Devi, Ganpati (?) Lakshami Ndriyan, and Mahddev Pdrwati in fairly good
preservation. The entire building is 75 feet long, 3G feet broad, and 18 feet high,
and the door and pillars are highly carved. There is a stone in the " aabhii mandap "
bearing a Sanskrit inscription in Bdlbodh character, which is probably capable of
being read. The inspection closes with the date Shake 1095.

(i). — A Baiidhya temple on the village site.

This is smaller than the temple last described, and built in plain uncarved
Hemidpanti style. The entire building is 39 feet long, 18 feet wide, and 12 feet high.
Above the outer door is a small naked figure in the attitude of contemplation. The
figure is backed by a carved " chatra." There are no other images, inscriptions, or
windows to the building ; no legend of its origin can be traced. It appe^a to be over
500 years old.

((•). — A third temple on the villnrjp gite. This is small and in ruins, the cell only
being in fair preservation. The whole bmlding appears to have been 31 feet long, 27
feet broad, and 10-J feet in height. The part in better preservation is 16^ by 6 feet.
Above the door is a damaged image of Ganpati. The building is otherwise plain, and
no inscription nor legend of its oi-igin can. he found.

(d). — A temple of Deri.

This is half a mile distant from the village site towards th* hill, and situated on th©
opposite or east bank of the stream. A flight of 25 steps leads down to the stroam.
Ou each side of the steps is a " dipmdl," the one evidently far more recent than the
other. The building consists of a quadrangle surrounded by"otas" of stones and
chunam with a ruined roof, and an inner temple. In the latter portion are three cells
in a line, and a smaller cell facing the third cell on theleft. The cell to the right
contains a lingum and two images of devis faced by the sacred bull. The next cell
contains Vishnu, and the third a devi, which is now the accepted shrine. The small
cell contains another Vishnu. In the "sabh^ mandap" are representations of the '* She-
shdshtii," Devi, and Lakshami Ndrdyan. The cells and sabhd mandap are built in
HemAdpnnti style, and the ground paved. The building contains 35 pillars, some
round and some quadrangular ; seven of the pillars have received new stone supports.
The pillars and the door are ornamented to some extent. The mined wftlls have been
in some places repaired with bricks. The entire building is 69 feet long, 45 wide, and
14 high. At an outer corner of the temple is a stone bearing a Sanskrit inscription
in Balbodh character, probably partly capable of interpretation. The building
would seem to be over 500 years old, but no legend of its construction is to be dis-
covered. In the sabh^ mandap is a tomb of Kanhera Swami, who is said to have
brought the devi to the place by his prayers. A small yearlj jatra occurs in March.
The building is generally plain.

(e). — Shringdr Ckauri. — This name is applied to a cave about half a mile up the hill
in a south-east direction from the above temple on the way to the Kanhera Port. . It
appears to be cut out of soft trap-rock, and, like other excavations of the kind, the
front is made to represent eaves, under which is an ota. This portion of the work is
25i feet long by 7^ feet wide and 8| feet high, and contains 6 pillars, which, like
the door, are ornamented. Within the door is a space of IS feet by 15 feet by 10^
feet high, unornamentod, and having no pillars or images Outside the cave is a

22

water tank in the rock. The cave app^s to be contemporaneous with the Devi
temple described above, but no story of its formation is to be found — no inscriptions
exist.

(/). — Sitd Nhdni. — Near the Shringar Chauri, and half-way up the hill, is a second
excavation bearing the above name. It is quite plain, and measures, the outer por-
tion 21 feet by 7^ by 8 feet high, the inner portion 20 feet by 15 by 8 feet high,
^ach portion has 2 plain square pillars supporting the ceiling. It probably dates
with the last two works described, but no legend attaches to it.

(g). — Nagarjun. — This name is given to a third excavation to be found on the
way from the Siti Nh^ni to the Devi's temple. The cave consists of a " padasali,"
and an interior cave, the former measuring 21 feet by 6, the latter 24 by 13^ with a
height throughout of 8 feet. The padasi&li has 2 pillars, and there are also 2 in
the interior, all of which with the doorway are to a certain extent ornamented .
Within are 3 naked figures seated, the centre one of which is in the attitude of con-r
templation. To the right of the group is a standing figure also naked, and a small
figure holding the *' chauri.*' To the right again of the whole group is a small cell
5 feet square ; at the right end of the ^* padasdli '^ is also a cell 10| feet square ; at
the left end a water tank. The cave bears no inscriptions, and no legend can be
traced. It is probably about the same date as the others.

2. Eirdpu^ {^^^^)* — A village 7 miles west of Chilisgaon, contains a Hem^d-
panti temple of Mahidev. It is 50 feet long by 27 feet wide and 12 feet high. It
has 18 pillars, which with the door are to a certain extent ornamented. The whole
building is decaying. No inscriptions exist, and no legend appears to be attached to
the temple.

3. Wdghali {m^.) — This village is 6 miles east of ChAlisgaon, and has —

(a). — An old temple to Mudhai Devij built. in Hemddpanti style on the bank of the
river. The building itself is 55 feet long by 24 feet wide and 17 high, and enclosed in a
space 142 feet long and 84 wide, bounded by a wall. The whole is ruinous. It is
generally plain, but the doorway and 24 pillars are worked up to a certain extent.
Within is a representation of Bhawdni. There are no inscriptions, and no legend
can be traced.

(fc). — A small temple to the right of the above, 11 feet square and 9^ high, contain-
ing an image. It is in ruins, and has no inscription, nor does any legend attach
to it. It appears to be of some age.

(c). — Manbhava Temple. — This temple is built in Hemidpanti style, and is 33 feet
long by 22 feet wide, and 13 high. The pillars and doorway are ornamented. For-
merly it contained a lingum, and there is still the sacred bull outside. Three large
stones within bear Sanskrit inscriptions in Balbodh character, which, however, are not
readable. Near the temple is a well, inside, and on each side of which is a small
cell. The temple is undoubtedly very old, though it is now in the possessioli of the
Manbhava sect, who say they have had it for the last seven generations.

23

. TALUKA PA' CHORA.

1. — TdUi Budruk (JT^ J^^*), about three miles south-east of Kajgaon Rail-
way Station, contains a temple of Mahddev. The temple is 33 feet square, and 1 2
feet high, with a spire 8 feet high. It is surrounded by a stone and lime ota, and in
the ground attached to it is a well. The whole is plainly built, and appears to have
cost about Rs. 36,000. It was built more than 100 years ago by the Diwan of Bala
Bhikaji Dhamdheri

2. Dighi (f^) is about 8 miles south of Kajgaon Station, on the east bank of
the river Gadad. It has a temple of Devi. The temple consists of three " sabha
mandap " or vestibules before the sanctum is reached. These vestibules measure,
the first 9' feet square by 15' high, the second 16^' square by 20' high, the
third 6^' by 5' by 16' high. The sanctum is 9' square by 18' high. The whole is
built of large stones and lime, somewhat ornamented, and has only one entrance.
There are no inscriptions to be found. It is said to be over 500 years old, but no
legend of its construction remains. Whep the village belonged to the Pawdr J^higir-
dar of Nagardeola, a jatra used to be held on " Chaitra Shudh Pomima." This has
been discontinued since the viUage came under English rule.

3. Sangameshwar (#Af^) is on the east bank of the Oad^d River below the
junction of the Arun^wati River, 4 miles east of Kajgaon Station "and 1 mile
from Nagardeola. There is a fine temple of Mahddeiy, apparently more than 500
years old, and built in Hem&dpanti style. The building is partly in ruins. It
consists of a corridor of three *^ dalna," measuring altogether 24 feet by 8 feet wide
and 10 high. This holds the sacred bull. We then enter the " sabh^ mandap,''
which is 16^ feet square by 12 feet high, and then a small vestibule 8j^ feet by 6f feet
by 15 feet high. The sanctum beyond is 8^ feet square by 17 feet high. The doors
are ornamented. The roof is supported on 22 stone pillars. No inspriptions are to
be found, and no legend attaches to its construction. A small jatra is held on ** Magh
Shudh Chaturdashi."

4. Nagardeola Budruk (h^ \^ 5''^^^) is a large village about 5 miles east of
Kajgaon Station. West from the village is an old temple of Mahddev said to be
Hem^panti built. The temple itself appears to be about 200 years old. It is built
of large stones unomamented, and consists of a roof supported on pillars. It has a
doorway, though no walls. Its length is 18 feet, breadth 8 feet, height 10 feet.
No inscriptions are to be found, and no legend attaches to^ the place.

5. Ndndre («!W). — The village has a well apparently of great age and said to be
Hem^panti built. It is 90 feet both ways at the level of the ground, and has steps
on three sides. The well is not now used, and is falling to ruin.

6. Wadgaon Amba (^»^W«tt) is 5 miles east from Warkhedi, an important
bazaar village, and has —

(a). — A temple of Mahddev in ruins. It is 14 feet long by 12 wide, and built
of large blocks of stone in Hemddpanti style. It consists of two portions, a sabhi
mandap and sanctum. There are no inscriptions, nor any legend of its construction.

(fe). — A H&inddpanti well. It is constructed of large blocks of plain stone, and the
water, 24 feet below the surface, is reached by two flights of steps 19 feet wide at right
angles to one another. It is of undoubtedly great age, and is in use to the present
day. There is no legend except that the well is Hemadpanti.

24

7. Lohdra {^t^K) — A large village 10 miles east from the Maiji Railway Sta-
tion has, on its south and 1^ miles distant on the bank of the river, an old temple to
Tapeshvmr Mahddev. It is for. the most part built in, Hemddpanti style of large plain
blocks of stone. It consists of a " sabhi mandap ** and sanctum. The former is 8
feet square and 16 feet high, and the roof, now fallen in, was supported on octagonal
carved pillars of stone. The latter is 8 feet square and 8 high, and many-angled on
the exterior. The doorway, which opens to the east, is worked up. There are no
inscriptions, and no legend can be traced ; but the temple has a money allowance of
Rs. 15, and land to the amount of Rs. 4-8.

8. Kurhad Khurd (f ^w gr^), Pargana Loh^a, 7 miles from the Maiji Station,
and half-way on the road from Pichora to Lohdra, has an old temple of Mahddev. The
whole is in Hem^panti style. The temple itself is a many-angled building 18 feet
long by 15 feet wide and 14 feet high, and ^contains the lingum and at the back a
devi. The entrance is through the sabhd mandap, which is to the north and mostly in
ruins. Its measurements are 20 feet long by 17 feet. Between the " sabhd mandap"
and the sanctum is an image of Ganpati. The doorway is worked up. There are no
inscriptions, and no legend is to be gathered.

9. Sangwi (^Mf), Pargana Lohdra, and about 1^ miles east of Kurhad, has a
comparatively recent temple of Mahddev. It is said to have been built by Baburdo
Wishwahath Patel about 175 years ago, at a cost of some'Rs. 500.

10. Sdjgaon (fri^nrt^), Pargana Lohdra, a mile west of Sangwi, has a temple to
Tukabaji Devi to the south of the village. It is a building of brick and wood, and is
said to have been raised about 200 years ago by Balaji Moreshwar Pandit Patel at a
cost of Rs. 700. A small jatra assembles on " Margshipsha Shudh Pumima.*^

11. GhinchJched (?^^9il), or Maiji^ as it is sometimes called, is three miles north
from the railway station of that name and the site of the yearly Maiji Fair. It con-
tains a temple to Maiji Devi, which is in no way remarkable as a building, being partly
constructed of rough stone and lime, and partly of brick and lime, the supports being
all of common wood. The original building appears to be about 200 years old, and
is 25 feet long by 18 wide and 28 high, and would have cost about Rs. 1,000. About
12 years ago another Rs. 1,000 were expended by Ddrku Kdsdr Vinchurkara to adding
a *' sabhd mandap,'* which is 30 feet by 16 feet by 28 high. The temple is remarkable
only for the large fair which.yearly assembles in February.

Land of Borndr and Chinchkhed, of the value of Rs. 20, is attached as inam to the
temple. I append herewith two official extracts, giving an account of the origin of
the Maiji Fair, which even at this late date are not void of interest : —

Evtract paras, 16 to 21 from a letter No. 1519, dated ISth September 1852, toth^ address of the Registrar
of tlie Svdder Adawlut^ Bombay, from Mr. Elphinstoixe, Collector of Khandesh.

16. I now proceed to give aD accoant of the origin and progress of this fair* (as it has been

received from the Mamledar of the Jamner District, in which the fair is
* Maiji. annually heldj as called for in Mr. Secretary Lumsden's letter No. 1797,

dated 6th April 1852.

17, A woman named Maiji was the daughter of a man of the Firoli Kunbi caste, an inhabitant of
the village of Hewri in the Jamner District. She was married to a man in the village of Hiwarkhede
Bixjruk in the same district. Being very much harassed and tormented by her father and mother-in-law,

25

Kaiji left all the concerns of the world, proceeded westward to the Toran Mil monntab, sitnated in ihe
Sultdnpnr Talnka of this province, and there received religious instructions from OorakshNdth, a religious
devotee. She then returned to the village of Bom4r in the J&mner Taluka, and stayed there for seven
or eight years, where they granted to her some land in inam, which is continued in her name • up to this
date, .

18w Leaving Bomdr, Maiji came and lived in the village of Warkhede in the Bomir Pargana, f
some days. She afterwards came to the village of Chinchkhed (in the environs of which the fair is now
held) of the Bom^ Pargana, and as she was crossing the Gima Biver near the last-mentionM village,
with an intention of going to the Toran Mdl mountain a second time, the Patil of Chinchkhed, knowing
her intention, went up to her and constrained her to remain at his village and brought her back to
Chinchkhed. From this time Maiji remained at Chinchkhed for the space of 12 years ; every year the
Patils and villagers provided her with an earthen-roofed house, and every year she set it on fire ; this she
did for the consecutive 12 years, at the end of which, at the village of Chinchkhed, she committed her-
self to the earth to be buried alive — and from this spot it is said there came, above, 8 peaks of ''Shendur "
or red-lead powder. This event is said to have taken place about 200 years ago. People made vows to
Maiji while she was alive, and it is wd that they obtained what they wished. So much for the origin of
MaijL

19. The fair began every year to assemble on the 15th of the month of " Paosh" (or early in Jan-
uary), which appears to be tho day on which Maiji buried herself. The district of Bomar was held in
jahagir by the Pawar family ; it is assumed that the head of this family once made a vow to the goddess
Maiji and, having obtained what he wished, he gave leases to the neighbouring villages for the purpose of
collecting a large concourse of people at this &>ir, in which he preserved good order, in consequence of
which the trade increased. There was no tax of any description levied at the fair, and business of trade
was transacted with advantage *, tbese facilities contributed towards attracting many merchants year
after year. In this manner the endeavours of the Paw&r were successful, and ^e fair continued to be
prosperous up t^ the year of the great faoiine, which happened in the year Fasli 1213 (a.d. 1803-4.)

20. For four years after the famine there was no fair ; after four years people again resorted to the
fair on the 15tk of Paosh Shudh in small numbers.

■

21. Since Fasli 1243 (jLD. 1833-34) Government erected slightly raised foundations or stall
allotments for the merchants, which they pay for at the rate of 3 annas per square cubit, and the
policemen and troops of the line afford protection, preserve order and keep peace at the fair, and Bhil
Chowkidirs guard the roads leading to the fair. Its prosperity has yearly increased, till it has reached
the point at which we now observe it. Many people pay their vows before the goddess Maiji. Hook-
swinging is resorted to and offerings of various descriptions are presented before her shrine.

Extract paras, 7 to \2 from a letter^ No. 12 daied tlie Vlth May 1861, /rom the Superintendent of the Maiji

Fair, to the address of the District Magistrate of Khandesh.

7. At your request I beg to subjoin '* en resume " a slight narrative of the rise and progress of the
Maiji Fair which, although not quite so explicit as I could wish, is the best I am able to afford, gleaned
from hearsay and tradition (there being no Maratha records on* the subject) imperfectly handed down
from father to son up to the date when the Honourable East India Company took possession of Khandesh.

8. Upwards of 200 years ago a '* soi disant " female saint or goddess expired in the village of Chinch-
khed, the present site of the feir. Humble devotees began to visit her tomb, and eventually a temple
containing her image (a large brass idol about 3 feet high) was built and called after her, viz., Maiji.
Pilgrims made this a place of yearly resort, usually appearing in large numbers during the full moon of
the month Paosh Shudh, corresponding to our month of January. As usual in most parts of India, this
rehgious assembly merged gradually into a semi-mercantile one, and at the present moment the worship
of the deceased goddess is decidedly a very secondary consideration to the merchants who assemble at the
fair.

9. In former years the most disgusting orgies used to take place, inaugurating as it were the' Maiji
Fair, This state of things, however, gave way to civilization, and hook-hanging and other equally debas-
ing practices are noW things of the past.

10. Governments anterior to ours undoubtedly protected and encouraged the fair ; and it was in the
commencement of the present century of considerable (relative) importance.

E 119-7

26

- 11. It, however, frequently occurred that bands of licentions maranders swept down the valley of
the Gima and plundered or ransomed the unfortunate merchants, pilgrims and others temporarily residing^
at the fair.

12. Since the British took possession, these raids ceased of course, and the importance of this fp^'eat
emporium has been steadily on the increase. What effect the railway will have when complete (which it
will be in a few months), cannot be doubted. The increased facility with which merchants will be able
to carry their goods to and from the fair, the advantage to be derived from an electric telegraph which
will be laid along the line by the Railwav Company, will tend, (in such a cotton-growing district *a8 this,
and close to the cotton-growing valley of Berar), in all human probability, to increase the traffic and im-
portance of the fair fifty-fold.

12. Pimpalgaon BudruJe (ftwrt^ j^tf^).— About 6 miles south-east from
Wirkhedi, has a fine old temple to Ear Hdreshwar Mahddev. A jatra assembles in
January, and the village of Jaokheda is held in jih^gir for the support of the temple.
A description and plan in vernacular accompanies, D.

13. Bahuleshwar i^^"^^). — At the junction of the Bahula River with the Gima,
about 3 miles west from the Maiji Railway Station, has a fine old temple to Mahddev^
A description and plan of the building in the vernacular accompanies, E.

Bhadgaony Peta in Pdchora Taluka.

14. Kandsi (wr^) — About 4 miles from the Kajgaon Railway Station and on
the road to Bhadgaon, has a*^ Manbhaw^* temple to Krishnanat. The temple itself
is a domed building of stone, brick and lime, 21 feet square apd 32 feet high and
about 200 years old. A " sabhd mandap " has been recently added by a wanderings
" Manbhaw." A small jatra assembles on " Chaitra Sudh Purnima." The shrine is
pretty well known. No inscriptions are to be found, and no legend of its origin can
be traced. The temple itself probably cost Rs. 1,000.

15. PimparJcheda (mi^^). — About 6 miles north-east of Bhadgaon on the
Erandol Road, has a temfle of Pareshwara MahddeVj and a tank. Both are becoming
ruinous, though they do not appear to be more than 250 years old. Like Kandsi, the
temple is quadrangular with a domed roof, being 9 feet by 6 feet and 12 high. The
building is of stone, brick and lime. The vestibule of the same materials and temple
together probably cost about Rs. 2,000. The tank, 60 feet by 45 feet and 12 feet deep
to the south side of the temple, is built of stone and lime. On the south, north and
east there are steps. It appears to have been built with the temple, and is still in use^
No inscriptions are to be found. No legend is attached to the temple and its tank.

TALUKA ERANDOL.

1. (a) Erandoi^^^) has a fine building, commonly csMed Pdndawdchd Wddd,
of which a plan accompanies, P. It forms a large quadrangle surrounded by a
wall, a great part of which has a succession of windows with stone lattice-work
of various patterns. The temple, which the Musdlmans now use for prayer, at
one end, was once the centre portion of a raised corridor, which formerly extended
all across this end of the quadrangle as shown by the ruined pillars. There were
other shrines in this corridor on each side of the centre and principal one. These
arched recesses are surrounded with beautiful scroll work of varied patterns, and
appear to have on the tops of each the crescent and star. Above one are the, remains
of a" Persian" inscription. There is also a ** Persian" inscription over the main
gateway. The temple (" Kotadinimaz padanydchi " in the plan) consists of a massive

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27

roof piled up of great blocks and beama of stone still bearing traces of red and yellow
colors, the whole supported on large stone pillars, which show a good deal of flowery
carving. * The wall of the quadrangle, which is falling in, shows the most careless
stone and mud work, though the surface is made to look well enough. The whole
building is a wonderful mixture of styles.

(6) The crossing of the two principal streets in Erandol is marked with a group of
graceful arches^ one per each street, joined together. This is mentioned, as it is rather
uncommon.

2. PharJeande ('fiT^f^), 6 miles from Erandol, southwards along the Aujani NdW,
has a musjid about 150 years old, built by a man named Chand Momin. The building
is distinguished by two minarets, which are said to sympathize, so that if you ascend
and shake the one, the other also shakes. The building has also fine chunam work,
but is not otherwise remarkable. A plan accompanies, G.

3. Mukhpdt (jjifimd) is a village 3 miles south-east of Erandol. To its south-east
is an irregular plateau, on which is a tank named Padmdlaya.

On the bank of the tank are temples of Mahddev, MdnUi, and Ganpati. The
plan, H, and the remarks on its back best describe the place.

TALUKA AMALNER.

1. Parola Petha.

(a) A dargd, called " Imam BddshaJuVs Dargd,^ is situated to the east of the
Fort of Pdrola. The dargi contains the tombs of .two brothers Imim and Bidshah^.
It is said to be over 100 years old, and is but plainly built. The lower part of the
building is square and surmounted by 4 small spires at the comers, and one large
one in the centre. The walls are 15 feet high, the *' kalas " 20, and the building 31
feet square. The central dome is surrounded by a covered " padasili." The lower
part of the building is of plain stone, the upper of bricks and lime all painted white.
It cost probably about Rs. 5,000. Sdddshiv Dimodar Jihdgirdir Parolekar is said
to have built it. An *' urus " assembles in the Arabian month " Subrdt,*' for three days.

(b) The Fort of Parola was built about 150 years ago by Sdddshiv Dimodar
JAhigirdir.* It is about 525' by 435' and is surrounded by a ditch widened on
the east into a tank with steps on three sides, those on the west dating with thQ fort,
the east being more recent. The whole, — the walls of the ditch and fort, — are strongly
built of stone and lime. It has inner fortifications as well as the outer wall. The in-
side is not distinguished by any remarkable architecture, and has been for the most
part destroyed by Government.- The principal building is used as a kachati.

(c) About i mile out of Pirola, on the Dhulia Road, is a very graceful " Cliarti.''
It enshrines a '' pdduJcd *' of Girdhar Shet Bdldji Wale. It is about 125 years old.
The lower part is of stone and the upper part of brick and lime : the whole is 33 feet
high and 12 feet square at the base. It must have cost about 2,000 rupees.

^"^ — ■ — * — ■

* Apparently on Vauban's principle.

28

{d) StvdmVs temple, Pdrola, — A fine building 24 feet square. It is built of stone
with a brick spire highly ornamented with " chunam " figures, the whole being 40
feet high. It is attributed to Trimbukrdo Sdddshiv Jihdgirddr, and is over 100
years of age. The estimated cost is about 25,000 rupees.

(e) A temple to ^^ Zapata Bhawd*^ (Parola) also attributed to Trimbakr^o
Siddshiv, and probably having cost as much as the Swdmi's temple. It contains four-
handed images of Ganpatiand Devis, and an elegant and highly ornamented "'Chatri."
A jatra assembles in " Vaishak." The temple is altogether 58 feet by 56, and has a
spire over the sanctum 35 feet from the ground. The materials are the same as those
used in the Swimi's temple.

2. Undirkheda (T^F^t') is 3 miles south-west of Pirola, and about a mile
further, in the same direction, is a large temple of " Shn JSdgeshwar Mahddev,^^
situated in an island of the Bon River. It is in good repair, and is said to have been
built by. Trimbukrdo Mdmd Pethe, who got the village in jahagir from the Peshwd
about 125 years ago. The sanctum is built of prepared stone, and is highly orna-
mented on the exterior, rising in a many-angled spire to 40 feet from the ground.
The *' sabhd mandap" is of bricks and lime, and bears a small spire. There is a
small vestibule between the " sabha mandap " and the sanctum, containing the sacred
bull. The whole is 40 feet by 25 feet,* and surrounded by a wall 75 feet on each
side, having a ** gluW to the river. There is a "dipmdl " of brick and lime 36 feet
high. The whole probably cost Rs. 50,000.

3. Mhdswd (5W^) is two miles east of Pdrola. It has a temple dedicated to
*^ Jhinjdnd Devi^ Sbe is represented with 4 hands, the material of the image
being a white stone. The temple is a construction of some 20 years ago, and has
been raised on the site of an older building.

To the east are 2 " dipmdls '* close together, each 16 feet in circumference and
31 feet high. At the tops are let in plates of iron with handles attached. One of
the *^ dipmdls " is said to shake if force be exerted on the handle. The " dipmdls, **
which are of brick and lime, are said to date, with the old temple, more than 300
years. A small " jatra " assembles from surrounding villages in " Chaitra.'*

To the north of the tiemple is a tank 105 feet square and 25 feet deep, built of
stone and lime^ and having steps on all four sides. It is said to date with the
" dipmdls" and the old temple. About 150 feet from the temple on the south-east
side are the remains of an older and finer building said to have been dedicated to Tukai
Devi. The highly-carved stones lying about seem to belong to a period older than
that assigned to the " dipmdls '* and tank.

4. Tdmaswddi {^m^^^\^\), 8 miles from Pdrola up the Bori River, has the remains
of a temple of Mahddev, said to have been built 125 years ago by Kamji Pant Appa,
who was a Mdmleddr of the Peshwd. The building is of stone, brick, and lime.
The " sabhd mandap " is in ruins ; but 18 pillars, which are still standing, of .cypress-
tree pattern, show that the building was of some architectural pretensions. The
sanctum is of stone up to a height of 11 feet, supporting a spire 25 feet high, the
latter of brick and lime and highly ornamented with figures. The whole size of the
building is 24 feet by 18 feet. Its probable cost was some Rs. 10,000.

29
TALUKA BHUSA'WAL.

In this taluka nearly all the temples ^re dedicated to Mahddev, and are of the
Hemidpanti style. They have usually domes, and are supported by columns. Blocks
of stones are piled on the top of one another, and no cement is used. The people
say that all these temples were built in one (not the same) night, the materials having
been previously prepared. Besides the above, there are numerous old wells scattered
about the taluta from 100 to 300 years old, mostly constructed under the Moguls.

2. The structures worthy of note are as follows : —

At Chdngdew i^\J\^)i in the petha of Edalabad and about 4 miles from the
town of Edalabad to the north-west, there is a temple to a saint of that name of
the MediaBval or Hemddpanti style, supposed to be about 400 years old. There are
Bdlbodhi inscriptions on each side of the entrance, but these have been almost entirely
effaced by time, and are undecipherable. There are numerous representations of
gods and heroes on the walls. In circumference the temple is 105 feet, and in height
120 feet. The building from the inside seems to have been constructed by fitting
huge blocks of black marble one upon another without the aid of mortar or cement.
There is a legend to the effect that the building was erected by giants, and in one
night. The building is in good repair. There is also at Changdew a stone temple of
Mahddev on the bank of the Tapti. The structure is modern, about 100 years old,
and was erected by AhUyabii Holkarin. Its dimensions are 60 feet X 33 feet. The
upper portion was thrown down by the great flood in 1837. The lower part remains
intact.

3. Anturli (^5^)> ^^ petha Edalabad, a fine well of brick and mortar in a good
state of preservation, about 150 years old, situated about 12 miles to the north of
Edalabad.

4. Anjangdon (^T^PPIR), in Edalabad Petha, a temple of Amarsingbhawdj 130
feet by 13 feet, built of bricks and mortar, and about 130 years old, situated about 6
miles east of Edalabad. The building is in good repair.

5. Ohodankhed (^k^i^I^), in petha Edalabad, a ruined well about 300 years old^
situated 6 miles north-east of Edalabad.

6. Charthdn (^RffnT), in petha Edalabad, a temple of Mahddev, of the Herndd-
panti order, said to be 700 years old ; dimensions 34 feet by 28 feet, still in good
repair. Representations of peacocks and parrots appei^ on the walls. The building
is of stone and chunam, and is supported by 24 pillars. It is about 12 miles east of
Edalabad.

There is also a Mahomedan dargd (5^) — tomb — here about 500 years old in
fair condition. The remains show that formerly Charthdn was a large and thriving
town. It is estimated that it contained no less than 700 wells at one time.

7. Mehune {^^\ petha Edalabad. — Temple to Mahddev of the Eemddpanti style,
about 200 years old. Dimensions 8 feet by 8 feet, in good repair, situated 5 mUes
north-west of Edalabad.

8. Regaon (?nrT), petha Edalabad. — Temple to Mahddev in complete ruins, sup-
posed to have been built about 150 years ago by Bdyajabdi, situated about 20 miles
south-east of Edalabad.

ull9— 8

30

9. Wadgaon {'i4*\U\ in petha Edalabad — Temple of Mahddev of the Hemddpanti
type ; about 200 years old, dimensionB 38 feet by 37 feet, situated 10 miles east of
Edalabad.

10. Hdrtdld (C^rS*), in petha Edalabad. — Two temples to Mahddev of the
Hemddpanti style; in ruins, 200 years old, dimensions 18 feet by 38 feet.

There is also here a ruined mosque about 150 years old. HirtiU is 4 miles
south-west of Edalabad.

11. Edalabad {\<^\^\<\ in Bhusiwal Taluka. — Old fort in ruins on south
side of the town made of stones, earth and mortar. It was Duilt by the Moguls,
and must have been of great strengtL

12. Kanddri (^T^), in Bhus^wal Taluka. — Stone temple partially in ruins
of Mafiddev, supported by pillars of great antiquity ; builder not known. Above the
entrance are figures of Bahiroba and his wife, and on either side are representations
of M^ruti and Ganpati Kanddri is .2 miles to the north-east of Bhusiwal.

13. Nimboli (PRt^)> in Bhusiwal Taluka. — Temple of Bahiroba in good repair^
about 150 years old, of brick and mortar, 33x27 feet, situated 18 miles south-east
of Bhusdwal.

14. Waibhale (^CHS"), in ^husdwal Taluka. — Temple of Mahddev of Hemdd-
panti type, having a dome and supported by pillars 37 X 28 ft. in good repair, 6
miles south of Bhusdwal.

15. Bawdd Chincholi frr^3'f%^'M), Taluka Bhus^wal. — Old stone temples
(Hemddpanti) to Mahddev, in good repair. No information to be obtained about
them. This village is about 12 miles west of Bhusdwal.

TALUKA JA'MNER.

1. Temple of Mahddev at GdrJched (*ik^3^), north of Jdmner, supposed to be
300 years old, and its dimensions are 47' x 24'. It is an octagonal building with
elaborately carved stones and figures of men and women on the comers outside, and
is now in ruins. The figures are worn away and unintelligible. The villagers still
worship the " ling " inside the temple. There is nothing remarkable in the temple,
except that you have to go down steps * to get into it. The building is attributed to
Hemddpant.

2. TpMple of Mahddev at Khataon (<?rH'rf^), north of Jimner, about 3 miles,
supposed to be 300 years old. It is estimated to have cost Rs. 1,000, audits dimen-
sions are 37* x 32'. It is a remarkablci-looking temple, now in ruins in the middle
of the village, raised on a mound of round stones and mud. The pillars are composed
of square blocks of solid black stones, and the cross-beams of the roof are of the same
solid material. The villagers say that giants built this temple, as no mortal man could
lift those blocks of stones. The building is ascribed to Hemddpant.

3. Tank at Tonddpur {^r^\ supposed to be 300 years old, and its dimensions
areSS'long, 85' broad, and 25' high. This tank is built of solid black stones with
large flights of steps laid together without chunam leading down to the water. The
bed of the tank is 13' x 13'. In each corner of it are small pyramids of black stones.
Beside the tank is a small temple said to have cost about Rs. 1,000. Its dimensions

31

are 9^' long, 9^ broadband 13^' high. It was recently repaired. It is without an
image. Beside this temple lies a beast's head made of stone with a hole for the mouth
into which, tradition said, if a man formerly put his hand, he could not get it out.
Both tank and temple are ascribed to Hemddpant.

4. Temple ofMahddev at Shendumi (^^W?), south-west of Jdmner, supposed,
to be 200 years old; and its dimensions are 42' long, 30' broad, and 13|' high. It is
one of twenty temples to Mahddev built of solid stone without chunam. The hall
is built of long blocks of solid stones, and the roofing supported by pillars of the same
material. The building is ascribed to Hemddpant.

5. Well with steps at the above place supposed to be 200 years old and built at an
estimated cost of Rs. 1,500. Its dimensions are 15' long, 12' broad, and 10^' high.
It is close to the temple to M&hadev, and has a broad flight of steps of solid stone.

TALUKA SHIRPUR.

The only noteworthy structures here are 10 Mahomedan tombs at Thdiner
(?Tia^T) ; of these 8 are built with common country cut black stone and two with
burnt bricks. No. 1 is built in the form of an octagon with carved black stones, and
the others in the form of a square with cut-stones.

2. These buildings, though more or less damaged outwardly and with parts of
their domes destroyed, are still in good condition inside. Nos. 2, 3 and 4 are now and
then used by European officers on tour, but the others serve no purpose.

3. There are some inscriptions in Arabic characters on the octagonal tomb.
The characters, being worn out, make no legible impression on paper, nor is there any
historical account of these tombs in the form of inscription on stone or brass forthcom-
ing, nor any record of the cost of constructing them, which is, however, estimated at
one lac of rupees. A copy of the inscription is given herewith : —

j:^^^ JUjJ ib'Uy.. >^o!o ^ iU^cJ^J c;^^ «j3!;>*J ^oii ^\LL^ c^'ij

4. No exact date or year in which these buildings were commenced and completed
can be aspertained ; but it is said by the Mahomedan community that these buildings
were built about 500 years ago by one Sha Ajam Mule Shirdni, whom the Mahomed-
ans call their Pir, and whose sepulchre is in the building No. 7 in the list.

32

5. ' Thdlner is 10 miles from Shirpar, the head-quarter town of this taluka.
size aud dimensions of these tombs are as follows : —

The

No.

, 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

• • •

• ••

• •«

• ••

• ■ «

• ••

■ • • • 1

10' X 10'

• • • •<

ll' X 11'

• • • •<

11' X 11'

• •• •

8' X 8'

• •• • •

8' X 8'

• • « •

3i' X Sf

• •• •

6' X 6'

• • •

11' X 11'

• •• • •

4' X 4'

• •• • «

4' X 4'

0§ire nf the Collector of Khandeshy \
Uhulia, Gth July 1877. j

W. H. PROPERT,

Collector of Khandesh.

BOMBAT : PRINTED AT TH£ GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PE13S.

No. 8]

tcke^bgial Mn^ tui hMitxn Mm&u.

REPORTS

REGARDING THE

^

ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS

IN THE

KURRACHEE, HYDERABAD, AND SKIKA'RPUR COLLECTORATES,

IN SINDH,

WITH

PLANS OF TOMBS.

§[0m{iiti:'

PRINTED BY ORDER OF GOVERNMENT AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS.

187».

No. 13 or 1877.

Genebal Department.

Commissioner's Office^
On the Indus^ 6th January 1877,

MEMOEANDUM.

1. Letter No. 807 from Deputy Collector^ and Statement of
Tombs, Kurracliee.

2. Hyderabad letters Nos. 308 and 1506, with photographs.

3. No. 2730, dated 4th August 1876, Shikirpur, with yema-
cular papers and translation, marked E.

The accompanying reports,
noted in the margin, are submit-
ted to Government in reference
to their memo. No. 207, dated
18th January 1876.

2. The infoniKition received from Shikdrpur is not so full and satisfactory as the
Commissioner could have desired. If possible, further information from that district
will be collected and submitted ta Government.

W. LEE.WARNER,

For Commissioner in Sind.

No. 307 OF 1876.

To

The COLLECTOR op KURRACHEB.

Sib,

General Depabtment.

Deputy Collector's Ofice^
Kurrachee^ ^th May 1876.

In compliance with the instructions contained in the Commissioner in Sind's memo.
No. 193, dated 20th February last, copy of which was forwarded under vour No. 682,
of the 26th idem, I have the honor to furnish descriptions of several of the most im-
portant tombs at and on the Makli, near Tatta ; there are, of course, many more of
very little importance, which, owing to their being in ruins, are impossible to describe,
and I have, consequently, omitted them.

2. I was unable to ascertain the original cost of any, except the Jami Masjid.

3. The liistorical details given, have been procured by me from Sayid Husain
Ali Shah, son of Sayid Sabar Ali Shah, of Tatta, who furnished the same to me from a
manuscript, entitled the Tofat-iUKoran (gift for the blessed), which he has in his posses-
sion, being a local history compiled by Us f amily*

_ •

4. Sayid Husain Ali Shah's ancestor, Sayid Ali Sher, son of Sayid Shakrula,
settled at Tatta in the year 927 Hajri (A.D. 1520), many years before any of the
tombs or mas j ids described by me were built, and the information furnished by him
may be considered reliable.

5. Slabs will be procured and forwarded hereafter.

I have, &o.,
S. W. TYNDALL,

Deputy Collector of Jerruck.
(True Copy.)

W. LEE-WARNER,
Assistant Commissioner in Sind.

(See pages 35, ^c.)

TOMB OF SAYID ALI SHIRAZL

This and numerous other small tombs, which are in tolerably good order and
enclosed by one court-yard« are situated on the Makli range of hills, about three miles
from Tatta ; some of the small tombs are inside the main building. The foundation
and plinth are of stone, but the rest of the buildings is of bridk-masonry, plastered
over.

The roof consists of one large and two small domes— ^is oblong in shape, i.e.,
48^ X 33 feet. A few of the smaller tombs withjn the court-yard bear inscription,
but that of Sayid Ali Shah bears none.

This tomb was built by the Jokhias,— date not known. Sayid Ali Shirazi died
in 980 Hajri (A.D. 1572).

TOMB OF NAWAB AMIR KHULIL KHA'N.

This tomb, which is in ruins, is situated on the MakK range of hills, near Tatta,
and was built during the life-time of Amir Khulil Khin, viz., between the years 980
and 993 Hajri (A.D. 1572 and 1585), during the period that Mirza Mahomed Baki
Khdn governed Lower Sindh. Nawab Amir Khulil Kh4n is said to have been so
peculiar and so conscientious a man that he left directions not to bury his body inside
the tomb, but near it. Seven Hafizes, or religious devotees, were buried in the tomb.

The tomb, which has a domed room, stands in the middle of a court-yard ; the
foundation and plinth are of stone, but the rest of the structure is of glazed coloured
bricks, having a few perforated slabs introduced between them. The tomb is octagonal
in shape outside, but square inside. Each side of the outer octagon is 24 feet in length ;
the sides of the side square are 21 feet each.

• The court-yard aroimd the bmlding is 156 feet square. Inside the dome are
four tombs, eacn bearing legible inscriptions in the Arabic character ; there are also
legible inscriptions m the sam.e character on jbhe outer walk of the budding.

TOMB OF SflRZA ISA KHA'N TURKHAN.

This tomb, said to have been built in 981 Hajri (A.D. 1573), is situated on the
Makli range of hills near Tatta. It and several other email tombs stand within a
large square court-yard, within which there are also two minor court-yards ; the
entire structure is of sculptured etone. Legible inscriptions in the Arabic character
are to be found in many of the slabs above the door-ways of the court-yard and of
the eeveral small tombs comprised within it. There arc also a few perforated stone
slabs artfully introduced in two or three places.

On the death of Mirza Shih Hasan Arghun, who ruled over the whole of Sindh
and died without issue, the province was divided and governed by two chiefs. Sultan
Muhamed Bakr Khin took Sehwan and all to the north of it, and Mirza Isa Kh^n
took the remainder, and was the first of the Turkhans to govern Lower Sindh, which he
did from 962 Hajri (A.D. 1555) until hia dealh in 980 Hajri (A.D. 1572).

TOMB OF MIRZA MUHAMMAD BAKI KHA'N. SON OF
ISA KHA\N TURKHAN.

This tomb, which is in ruins and said to have been built in 994 Hajri (A.D.
1586), is situated on the Makli range of hills near Tatta. It stands in the centreof
a large court-yard, 95 feet square; the foundation and plinth are of atone, and the
superstructure is of glazed bricks. Stone slabs over the door-ways bear legible ins-
criptions in the Arabic character.

Mirza Muhammad Baki Khdn assumed the governnient of Lower Sindh on the
death of his father Mirza Isa Khin in the year 980 Hajri (A.D. 1572), and died in the
year 993 Hajri (A.D. 1585).

i

JAM AMlR KHUSRO KHA'N.

This masjid, better known by the name "Duhgiran-ji-Masjid, is situated at Tatta
outside the town; it waa built during the life-time of Am?r Khusro Khdn in 997
Hajri (A.D. 1589); it consists of one main dome and two smaller ones communicating
with each other and with the court-yard in front by arch-way openings. The founda-
tion and plinth are .of stone, but the rest of the building is of brick. The interior is
lined with coloured tiles.

The " Mehrab", or pulpit, is of carved stone, and bears a legible inscription in the
Arabic character ; there are also legible inscriptions in the same character on the walla
below the springing of the domes.

The length of the building, which is in ruins, is 98 feet, and its breadth 84 feet.

TOMB OF MIRZA JA'NI BEG, SON OF PAYEND BEG, AND
GHAZI BEG, SON OF JANI BEG TURKHAN.

This tomb, which is partially in ruins, is situated on the Makli range of hills near
Tatta. It was built about 1009 Hajri (1600 A.D.) It stands on a raised platform
in the middle of a court-yard, is octagonad in shape, each side being 25 feet \
~ B 570—8

has a domed roof. The foundation and plinth are of stone ; the rest of the superstruc-
ture is of glazed bricks of the best description ; it bears a legible inscription m Arabic
character above the entrance door of the court-yard and also above the front door
of the dome itself, as well as on the walls. The stone slabs around the doors of the
court-yard and of the dome are elaborately and beautifully carved, and there are also
a few perforated slabs above the door-ways of the dome. Inside the dome there are
three tombs : two of them are built of marble and one of stone, and they all bear legi-
ble inscriptions in the Arabic character.

Mirza Jani Beg, son of Payend Beg Turkhan^ was the last of the Turkhans who
governed Lower Sindh, the capital of which was Tatta. He succeeded to the govern-
ment on the death of his grandfather Mirza Baki ^Turkhan in the year 993 Hajri
(A.D. 1585), his father being mad and in consequence unable to carry on the govern-
ment. He had ruled for seven years, when Abdul Rahim Kh&a^ a nawab or lieute-
nant of Akbar's, the Emperor of Delhi, ddnquered Sindh, Mirza Jani Beg, having pro-
ceeded to Delhi, tendered his allegiance to the emperor, by whom he was graciously
received, and a title conferred on him. The country was restored to him, but he was
not allowed to return to Tatta.

The government was carried on by his agents imtil his death, which took place in
1008 Hajri (A.D. 1599), whenhisson Ghazi Beg wascalled to Delhi. Ghazi Beg remained
there some years, after which he was appointed governor of Kdndh^, over which
province he ruled until his death, which took place in 1020 Hajri (A.D. 1611).

The remains of Ghazi Beg and of his father were carried to Sindh, and in 1022
buried in this tomb, which has taken it& name from them.

TOMB OP NAWAB MIRZA tSA KHA'N.

This tomb,, which appears to be in a good state of preservation, is situated on the
Makli Hill near Tatta; it was commenced in 1037 Hajri (A.D. 1627) in the beginning
of the reign of Shah Jehan, the Emperor of Delhi, when Nawab Amir Khdn, son of
Nawab Kasim Khdn, was governor of Sindh, and was completed in 1054 Hajri

(A.D. 1644) before Nawab Isa Khdn*s death. The stones used in building the tomb
all came from Junagarh.

The tomb is 70 feet square, and stands on a raised platform in the middle of a
court-yard ; it is built of stone throughout, the carving on which is most elaborate ;
it has a veranda all round with an upper story over it ; the veranda and upper story
are supported on 128 massive square stone columns, elaboratelv carved. The roof
of the main building consists of dome, built of stone, but that oi the veranda and of
the upper story over it consists of beautifully carved stone-beams and slabs, with the
exception of a few places, where, either for want of skill or funds, domes appear to
have been erected at a more recent date instead of the original platform, which must
have fallen in, or have been otherwise injured by the hand of time.

On a raised platform inside the domed building, as also on the inside of the walls
there are eleven tombs, each bearing legible inscriptions in the Arabic character ; —
legible inscriptions in the same character are also to be seen over the entrance-door
of the court-yard, and there are two flights of stone-stairs on the east side, leading
to the roof of the building.

Nawab Mirza Isa Khdn died about the year 1054 (A.D. 1644).

TOMB OF DEWAN SHRUFA KHA'N.

This tomb, which is at present inniinSjWas built in 1049 Hajri (A.D. 1638) whilst
Dewan Shrufa Khdn was still alive, and is situated on the Makli Hills near Tatta.
The court-yard wall, which surrounds it, was built in 105-i Hajri (A.D. 1644), or the
year in which Dewan Shrufa Khdn is said to have died, as no further account of him
is given after that date. Dewan Shrufa Kh&n was the grandson of Mir Alak
Arghun, and was "nawab," or miniater, during the government of Nawab Amir
KhSn, and remained in office until the year 1054 Hajri (A.D. 1644).

The tomb, which has a domed roof, stands on a platform in the centre of a court-
yard; the dimensions of the platform are 19'9'x67'; the tomb itself is 38^ feet
square. The foundation and plinth are of stone, but the rest of the structure is of
glazed coloured bricks of the best description. There are several small tombs inside
the building, each bearing legible inscriptions in the Arabic character ; there is also
an inscription in the Persian character over the entrance-door of the main building.

JAMI MASJID.

This building is situated in the town of Tatta; it was commenced in 1054 Hajri
(A,D. 1644), and completed in 1057 Hajri (A.D. 1647), but the floor was not laid
down until 1068 Hajri (A.D. 1657) ; it cost 9 lakhs of rupees. The foundation and
plinth are of stone; the rest of the building is of burnt coloured bricks. The roof
consists of ninety-two domes, three of which are very important ones ; the interiors of
these three domes are lined with tiles of various colours blended with remarkable
taste. The length of the centre building is 305 feet and its breadth 170 feet, with
door-ways on the south, north, and west sides; the building is just beginning to show
signs of decay. A-^* ^^'A,^ -*' - ■?*'

Over the arch-ways of the two principal domes, on the east and west side, there
are legible inscriptions in the Arabic character.

TOMB OF MIRZA TUGHRAL BEG.

This tomb, partially in ruins, was built in 1095 Hajri (A.D. 1686), the year in which
Mirta Tugbral Beg died ; it stands on a platform in the middle of a court-yard.
The structure is of sculptured stone throughout, with the exception of the dome, which,
although constructed with stone inside, has a covering of bricks on the outside. The
tomb is 16 feet square outside ; but, by a akilful arrangement by filling in the four comers
with extra atone columns, the inside has been converted into an octagonal in shape,
each side being Sj feet in length. The dome is supported on twelve stone carvecl
columns, and inside is a tomb, bearing a legible inscription in the Arabic character ;
there are also inscriptions in Arabic over the northern entrance of the tomb, and
an inscription in Persian character on the west side.

"W. TYNDALL.
Coi

J

8

No. 308 Of 1876.

General Depabtmekt*
To

The collector op HYDERABAD.

Deputy Collector's Office^

Camp MorOy 12th July 1876.
Sib,

With reference to your endorsement No, 395 of 24tli February last, I have the
honor to enclose herewith three copies of a photograph of " Thai Mir Rukan," near
Daulatpur, with a full description of the biulding and the traditional accounts of its
origin.

2. There are few tombs of the Mirs of Khairpur, a mile south-east from
Sh^hpur Chakar, in Sdkrand Taluka ; but, as in construction they are similar to
those at Hyderabad, and possess no historical account of interest, they have been
omitted.

3. The delay in submitting this report is due to the fact that a photograph of
the Thai was to be taken on the spot, as directed by the Commissioner in Sind in
his No. 193, of 20th February last,

I have, &c.,

PAROOMULL,
Deputy Collector of Naushahro.

DbSCEIPTION of " ThAL MlE RUKAN " AND THE TBADITIONAL ACCOUNT OF ITS OBIOIN.

The cylindrical tower, of which the accompanying are the photographs, stands
on the east side of the Hyderabad and Rohri postal road, in the Moro Tsduka of the
Hyderabad Collectorate and eight miles south-east from Daulatpur, from which it is
reached by a tolerably good road of late construction.

Near its site there is no village of any size, nor marks of any having ever
existed. A few artificifil mounds near the base of the Thai are covered with graves,
but the place has not been known to be used as a burying-ground within the memory
of the present generation. A short distance to the nort£-west of it there is a grave*
yard, which is still used for interment.

The " Thai " itself is a solid circular block of burnt brick and mud surroimded
by a mound, 16 to 18 feet broad and 5^ feet high. Above this the mason-work, as
it now stands, is about 50 feet high. It is encircled by two bonds of pilasters, of
which there are 20 in each bond ; measured on the upper bond, the circumference is
146 feet 8 inches and on the lower 160 feet. Below this no correct measurement
can be arrived at, owing to the people having removed some bricks, and the original
outline being defaced. To the base of the lower line of pilasters the height is about
22 feet, height of pilasters in the lower line from base to capital 5 feet, and 7J feet
to the base of the upper line, the columns of which are 4 feet high. The capitals are
all curved, and the upper line had been surmounted by an ornamented bond ; but at

present very little of it reinains intact, and the whole of the building above it is more
or less defaced. The bricks used are of the following dimensions : — length 1 foot 4
inches, breadth 11 inches, thickness 3 inches.

There is no authentic history of " Mir Bukan Thai," and currerit traditions of its
origin are meagre. They are as follows : —

A wealthy fisherwoman, named " Bukan", had this tower erected with the object
of landing her wares from its summit, to which, however, there is no visible means of
easy access.

Another version is, that a king, who had no son, wishing to perpetuate his name,
was induced by his councillors to erect this tower.

A third accotmt is, that Mir Bukan, a Hindu rdja, ruled there in Hajri year of
600, or A.D. 1183, and had two brothers by name Bhim and Bahman. They divided
their kingdom into three divisions as follows : —

First division consisted of " Belo Kandi Pargana", and was assigned to Bahman,
who built a fort at the village of Ddn Dahri, Taluka Sikrand. The second division,
comprising Khito and Sahti Parganas, fell to the share of Mir Bukan, who erected this
tower within his limits. The third division, composed of Thar and Nira, which was
given to Bhim, and who also built a fort to the east of Kathri village in Tapa San,
Taluka Moro. This version seems to be more correct than any other accoimt I have
heard of.

//ii.^ M4, /i^

SS J. .A ^

/ _Z1

BemarJcs.

It appears that some bricks of this building have been removed by people for the
last five or six years. All such ancient buildings, if made over to the charge of the
officers of either the Bevenue or Public Works Department, will be less liable to such
damages caused by the people.

(Signed) PABOOMULL,
Deputy Collector of Naushahro.

No. 1506 OF 1876.

GSNBBAL DePABTVENT.

Collector's Office^
Hyderabad, 14^ July 1876,

True copies, together with photos, submitted to the Commissioner in Sindh, in
reference to his memo. No. 193, dated the 20th February 1876^

2. No sort of historical or legendary interest appears to attach to this ancient
building near Daulatpur.

3. Beports of other Deputy Collectors will be forwarded when received.

L. D'A. DUNSTBBVILLB, Lieut-Colonel,

CoUec^p.
(See page 34.)

b570— 3

10
No. 2730 Of 1876.

GlNBRAL DsPABtmRT.

Frok

Lieut-Colonel R. WALLACE,

Collector of Shikirpur,

To

Colonel Sib W. L. MEEEWETHEE, K.C.S.I. and C.B.,

Commissioner in Sindh.

Kurrachee^
Colleetor^s Ofiee, Camp Sukkur, 4ih August 1876.

Sib,
Referring to the accompaniment to Government Resolution NoJ 207 of 18th

as my Deputy Collectors have been able to furnish : —

La^bka'na Division.

(1). No. 21.^ The kuba or tomb of Shdhul Muhdmmdd Kalhora is situated on
the right bank of the Gh^ Canal, in Tapa Mahi, Taluka Eambar, and is about

Kami

mdd devoted his life to religion, and was a worker of miracles. In Hajri 1030
(A.D. 1613) he was killed by the Path&ns for reasons unknown. He was accounted
a martyr, and in 1188 Hajri (A.D. 1771) Miyan Ohulam Shah Kalhora, the then
ruler of Sindh, caused this huha to be erected to his memory. This building
consists of a domed room, 35^ feet in height and 15^ square at the base. The dome
itself is covered with chiroli (burnt mica) plaster. The walls are faced with the
usual coloured tiles. The building contains two tombs, those of Shdhul Muhimm^
and of his son Shah Hassan*

(2). No. 22. The kuba of Shah Baharo is situated on the right bank of the
Ghdr Canal, close to Ldrkdna. Shah Baharo appears to have been an inhabitant of
what is now Mir Ali Murad's territory. He was appointed to an important military
post by Miya Nur Muhimm^d Kalhora, then ruling in Sindh. He subsequently settled
near Ldrkdna ; his village, which was named Baharpur, still exists. He died in 1148
Hajri, and in 1188 (A.D. 1771) Nur Muhimmid's son, Miyan Ghulam Shah Kalhora,
erected this building to hi6 memory. The building has been constructed on a brick-
paved platform, which is 75 feet square. The kuba itself occupies an area of 39
feet square. The height to the crown of the dome is 47 feet. The outside of the
dome is covered with glazed tiles of a bluish grey and green colour.

(3). The inside is decorated with red paint on a chunam ground. The walls
are faced with coloured tiles, and inside on white glazed tiles are the following
inscriptions in Persian, which are not only laudatory of the persons to whose memory

the building is erected, but contain passages from which the date of the conn
of the kaba can be ascertained : —

>.£..1lJ '^it-^ w>*:.' Ij iS^ s* ° -j'^'L '^^ij ulijUfi V)'^ j *^9r ir"j'-a-

The wonderful tower under heaven
Ib formed beauteoualy like the Pleiades.
It seems like spring (when we) look at it.
The world says that it is a pleasant paradise ;
Its master's name was Shih Bahir,
Who planted in the world nothing but good deeds.
When we enquired about its date they said :
One thoiasand one hundred and eighty-eight, (Hajri.)
The tower of Shdh Bahir. How benevolent and virtuous he was I
The writer wrote on a slab all about his liberalities and good quaiittes.
His servant " Hut " enquired about the date when it was buLlt.
Then " Hitef " said that it is, indeed, *' the esteemed paradise. " (The letters in
these words indicate the figures 1188.)

Sketch plans of these kubas prepared by native artists, hereto annexed.

Shika'bpue and Sakab Division.

(4). No. 23. Mir Mamm Sliah'a minaret at Sakar. — The foundation of tfi!
minaret was laid in the Hajri year 1003 {A.D. 1587), during the reign of Akbar.
In 1014 Mir Masum Shah, the founder, died, and it was completed by his son Mir
Buzing Manwar in Hajri year 1027. It is bmlt on a rock, of burnt brick and
mortar: the bricks are in admirable preservation. It is 84 feet in circumference at
the bottom and the same height upwards, and has also 84 winding stone steps, and is
surmounted hy &(gumbaz) circular structure, 12 feet high. The municipality have
lately placed an iron cage round it to prevent the cases of suicide from persona
hurling themselves off it, which were by no means unfrequent. It is surrounded by
the tombs of the Masurai Sayids, i.fl., the descendants of Mir Masum Shah. The
oldest and most noticeable of these is that of Mir Masum Shah's father, Mir Sdf.ii.
It is surrounded with inscriptions, all of little value ; but one of them beara th« datfe ^

12

his death, Hajri 991. A copy of this is attached. The domed building near it was
built in the year 1004 Hajri. It is octagonal in shape, with (4) four arched doors,
the eastern and western doors having a cut-stone balcony over them. It is built of

Eucka brick, and is decorated with coloured tiles. Inside a gallery running round at a
eight of about 14 feet from the ground, which is accessible by steps in the wall, which
is of great thickness. Above this gallery is an inscription, running all roimd the
building, containing moral maxims. A copy of the portion of it, giving the date, is
attached (B). The roofs of the small balconies have also inscriptions, but they give
no information. The minaret itself has an inscription over the door on an oblong
stone. A copy of the whole of it is attached (O) . (D) is a copy of the inscription on Mir
Masum Shah's own tomb, giving the year of his death, Hajri 1014. He was the
vazir of the Emperor Akbar, and is reported to have been possessed of great wealth,
and also of a stone which turned iron into gold, and which he threw into the river to
avoid giving it to the emperor, who pressed him to surrender it. The money expend-
ed on the minaret, however, is reported to have been some of a vast sum sent by the
Emperor Akbar to Mecca to purchase golden gates. The offer of these gates i^as
refused there ; consequently the money was spent at different places along me road.

(5). No. 24. Tomb of Shah Khyrdin at Old Sakar. — ^A full account of this
is given in manuscript in a book now in the possession of Sayid Muh^Unm^ Pirzado,
the Kazi of Sakar. A copy of this account, as also its translation, marked £, are
attached. Built in 1165—1174 Hajri (A.D. 1758), in the reign of Ahmad Sliah.

(6). No. 25. The Thahim tombs consist of four large domed buildings situated
close to the DrS.khS.n and Batodero road, and about a mile from the former place to
the Naushahro Taluka. In the close of the reign of Abdul Nabi Kalhora a battle .
took place near Garhi Yasin with the Pathans, in which the Thahims were killed, and
two' of the tombs were built by their wives, one in honour of Sahib Khan Thahim and
the other of Dilawar Khan Thahim. The exact date of their construction is not
known, but probably at the commencement of the TaJpur reign. They are of burnt
brick and chunam,- decorated with glazed tiles. The third tomb is that of JalalKhan.
It is older than the two above mentioned. It is in a ruined condition. The fourth
is a small one, and is called that of Jafirshah. There is a legend that when the tomb
of Jalal Khdn was being built, and its construction progressed badly, a voice was heard
advising the construction of Jafirshah's tomb first, which was done, and the previous
difficulties ceased. The size of the largest tomb is 24 feet in height and 48 feet in
circumference.

(7). No. 26. The tomb of Makhadum Abdul Rahman at Shikirpur was
originally built in the Dadpotra period, about 150 years ago ; but it became a ruin,
and was restored in the year 1253 Hijri by Aga Zenal Abdin Kardar of Shikdrpur,
during the Mir's reign. It has lately been repaired by the municipality. It is 21
feet by 20 in length and breadth, and 30 feet high, and is made of pucka brick and
mud, covered with chunam.

(8). No. 27. The mosque of Sanjar Khan Dadpotra has been levelled with
the ground, being situated in one of the low pits surrounding Shikdrpur, which of
late years have been filled with percolation water, owing to the proximity of floods
from the Indus.

(9). No. 28. The mosque of Fakiniddin^ or the Jami Idgdh^ at Khinpur, in the
Shikdrpur Taluka, is said to have been built by one Magh^aldim Pathan in the time

IS

b

of Delhi emperors, some 400 or 500 years ago. Magbzaldin was known as " The
are," owing to his having slaughtered one Bakhtawar Khdn Pathan with that weapon.
It has (4) four domes, and is of biimt brick and mud, lined with chunam. It is
now a ruin. It is 75 feet in length and 30 in breadth and 50 feet high.

Mehab Division.

(10). Ko. 29. Tombs of Shah Panjo and Saydl Musani at Mehar. — Built about
1730 and 1750, respectively.

Further inquiries have been made regarding these buildings ; but the only inter-
esting fact elicited is, that the knha of Saydi Musani was originally built at the ex-
pense of the rulers of Delhi. The dome oi this kiiba fell in, and waa re-built about
seventy years ago.

(10). No. 30. The tomb of Miijan Nasir Muhimmdd Knlhora (one of the
ancient rulers of Sindh) is situated otose to the western high road in the Kakar Taluka.
There is no village within (4) four miles of the place, the nearest being Gote Kurria
Mithozangi. The tomb, which is supposed to have been built in Hajri 1130, is a
domed building, supported on eight pillars of stone. Inside the building there is some
pretty stone-carving, somewhat similar to that to bo seen at Tatta, in the Karachi
District. The stone appears to bo a description of sand-stone not prociu-able in this
division. The tomb is surrounded by about sixty other knbas, constructed of brick
and chunam; the place is considered to be of great sanctity, and corpses are brought
for interment from considerable distances. There are innumerable graves round about
the kubas. There is a masjid on the spot, and close by it are a few houses inhabited
by the watchmen of those tombs.

HOHEI Divisios.

(11). No. 31, Khwaja KhizT Jhid Pir, an island in the river Indus between Rohri
and Sukkur. The Deputy Collector of Rohri, Mr. Lambert, reports he does not know
how to take rubbings of the inscriptions: as the latter are all in relief, it does not seem
easy to take off fae similes.

(12) The riMTM at Vinjnot were not mentioned before, and Mr. Lambert gives
a description of them below : —

Vinjnot is an old mound in which architectural remains have been found in the
Rohri Division, which consist of carved sand-stone columns and carved arches, ou
which religious processions are represented. Some carved stones have been found
there, which lead to the supposition that they are the remains of a Buddhist temple,
destroyed some time in the early part of the seventeenth century or late in the
sixteenth century.

■i

I have the honor to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient Servant,
R. WALLACE, Lieut.-Colonel,
Collector of Shikd.rpui

14

E.

" Copy. "
Translation.

The following account of the birth, labours, and character of Shah Khyrdin and
also of his tomb, is written by Fakir Muhammad Akram, his successor and disciple,
being an abstract from the original lengthy description given by his father, Shair
Muhammad, for the public benefit and that of such as are learned, and at their
request : —

Shah Khyrdin is of the fourth generation of the house of Shaikh Wayadin
Abdul Kadur Jilani, of Bagdad. He was bom in the year of the Hajri 898. He
spent his youth in religious studies in the city of Bagdad. He subsequently went
to Mecca as a pilgrim in the company of Khalifa JamaluUa. There he spent many
days in toil and devotion, and then returned to Medina, where having increased in
wisdom he went and lived on the island of Absi Bundar, spent twelve and a half
years in the service of God. After that he journeyed tlu-ough India and Arabia
and first landed in Sindh at Bulri, in Lower Sind. This Buln was known as Shah
Karim-ji-Bulri. There Shah Karim and Shah Nasir Din remained and enjoyed
many religious advantages from the presence of Shah Khyrdin. The ofEspring of
one was called Bhattar, and of the other the well-known Shah Inayet. Many
learned men rejoiced in the sunshine of his piety. Ultimately he came to Sakar,
and there commenced to teach religion. Learning was in those days much sought
after, and extensive. Mir Buzarg, the son of Mu* Masimi Shah, became his ois-
ciple, and many others flocked to hear him. Shakuli, the head of a village in the
neighbourhood, had two daughters of great beauty. Both were presented to the
Shah, and one became his own wife, while the second became the wife of the
above-mentioned Khalifa. The Shah had no offspring, and the Elhalifa only one
son, called Abdul Rahman, shortly after whose buth he died. The Shah Bahib
dimng his life-time named him as heir on the masnad, and enjoined obedience to
him on all his disciples. After a short interval he himself died in the year 1027
of the Hajri, and at his death great grief was felt, and in the fourth generation of
Abdul Rahman, Ghulam Muhammad became owner of the masnad. He made great
exertions in constructing the domed building in the days of Ahmed Shah. It was
built on rock in the year 1165, and completed in 1174. It is built of rough brick
to the height of 8 cubits, and then follows a course of chimam, one cubit in width,
the rest being of pucka brick and earth or chunam. The dome is chunamed, and
stands on four square walls, from east to west 22 cubits, and from north to south
22^. In height it is 50 feet, and is chunamed inside and outside and decorated
with coloured tiles outside and white and green ones inside. Its cost is not known.
The miracles of Shah Khyrdin are celebrated in Bagdad, Arabia, India, and Sind,
and need no relating here. This short abstract of the birth, life and death, and
tomb is written this fifth day of the month Rabi-Sani, in the year of the Hajri 1204.

R. GILES,

Deputy Collector, S. and S.

(True Copy)

R. WALLACE, Lieut.-Colonel,

Collector of Shikdrpur.

15
A.

111 <u-»

Sayid Safai is the moon of the Khurdish tribe.

Heaven hoisted the flag of his light.

He suddenly left this world and went to the other.

" Nami" (the name of a poet), in regard to the date of his death,

Said : "May his tomb be filled with lights." (These words indicate the figures 991.)

B.

This tower is so magnificent and famous that

Its dignity has induced the heaven to become liberal.

As it has been the abode of liberality.

Its date is indicated by the expression ** abode of liberality."

(^JU »U<3by^i i>A«^ ii;ioJl JiU. ^jUJU ^Uj ^ jUJiiy ^^

i:jtjt^ jk'ob ^ ^ i^^/ \J jU c/ ^/

This minaret was built in the time of the Emperor JaUluddin Muhammad Akbap
Bddshahe Ghasi.

( Verses.y
Muhammad Mdsum who is the full moon of the high heaven.
Who is (still) famouft in this world for his good name,
Erected this lofty minaret, on account whereof
The blue heaven raised its head

From the " Arsh " (the ninth heaven where .the throne of God is) the angels said

about the date of its erection :
" That it is a famous Jehdn Numa overlooking the whole world. " (These words

indicate the figures 1003.)
Mir Mdsum who is highly dignified,.

16

Whose devotions are more holy than the law itself (which was delivered by

Muhammad),
Built this minaret in order that the people may say
That it is in memory of the former ones.

The old heaven said, in respect to its date, that it is a leg of the great Arsh.
(These words indicate the figures 1003.)
The composer of these verses is Sayid Mir Buzurg bin Mir Muhammad Mdsum.

D. .

Mir Mdsum, who is the moon of the noble constellation,
Is the sun of the Muhammadan law and religion, and the glory of the univei^e,
He went to paradise on Friday, the sixth of Zil'haj,
By order of God, Who is the most glorious.

I consulted my mind regarding the year of his (Mir Mdsum's) death.
It said that he was a famous master of the region of speech (poetry). (These
words indicate the figures 1014.)

E.

^jJI j»;*a.j)l di)tw

e;4*^l e;****'! *^lj aftleaUl^ -.Ol ^ j^y ji iijj>i J ^3)U <>*=i. <>ju

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^UJ ciJl^ «o 0*** j*A e)L>« slfiU, ci^ J.^*** (V^ -^'-TJLJ^ J*^ c/Wj** **^

jj;fti»iyi5<>;j v**-^ v^- '■i^^r**- ^'/-Ji L^ij- ,^1 ^tJ^i ^1 <>*j^ ^y*^ J KS)y

J\ c:^ ^ o*j ^J,«UJ| /^l^ iJ|4jX-l is^joJlj*^ »ti JJU «>ivc J^l JU ^.UJli,>^

(3jiJ L*Vj' j'i SJy^ tjjj-i« ^jiliie iJt^ CJtiLaj UL^Uj

&ijo«J ttaJ ^"^Ici-Jili U) (— fyy .lilA ^ Jjil ,J_y*s* Jt*j ^^r**- '^'^J 'i^J
Jl «>i*lj ^ fi/ liLi *Lu <iS t^jlj yjKl^j J_j| s,>i*. LtfbjJ jO ^^\:^^oi^ J iiiti-j ys
*— »^ y** J J7t^ i-0~^ >^^ "^ f*^ L*^"^ uM^ 0^1^ L** '^W 'j (^ li'i^jt

l^JjJOjT l^l^jfr- Iw^s-U »li liJj^a. yij f^J' (3^ V/ iJ^f^ '*^ J-i*-i Cj' trf'j-''^ >i-«?
*y« cTijti* J ff^ *-j*>*J iJ^y j«j| iSi-j f'Jji 4jiJ ("J*** J' ,JV^ ^ |J-»UJ|

J^ t/''^''*J k.^-' "'^ kjJLjUi cjl<>iy» i,>LijJ ^ya»A i^.»at^ ys" C^J *mJjjJ jf^
(>«J SiV» !(>-J j^^*3. JliS-a c|l-° JJIjJUa. i^^U. jl _j Cl^loi 0')lj'l »_,>*. U sli l-jy-aa.

jj J >J«^ »'-*' i^y *^>^ jji*jUjl jjjy**.lj iJl Ulj jj Gl ij^^ti i>li'lj't>j (iijT

1_A) j£ iS^^i^Uj iJ i^^ uJ^e* «^^ Ul *^ aJIb ()JwB ^^ Sjlx^ t>*K^ f*^ ujW' ^"i-^;
oUaJj (ji^IJjJ l*J^ ''* ***^' **t*-' i:^^ J** ii^-l ^j^j^J f>>}^ 'jj*** d*^ ' 4^' ^^

»^ ItJJ J I (_^Uj j t.=-^^ I I V|« dU- (JU jO *5wJ c:,.,s4aJ^ I no Ai-t jL jUl J*ak J

^^jj^ljlj ti->»0 •U.'S fl^jl J ti.-* J *:> jil Li— o CT*^' ^^J? (JUa1i_j (-.j^

>A.I(W!oJl ii.-L) ii»i- ,I,>«^_j

18

ys>^ 3 Cl^U^ 5^^ 4><^jS3 1 y cSJ I ^^ y^l^\ »ij Ojloi^jjl^CS^^U O^ j^**-* ^ J^^|-fi^

In the name of the most merciful and compassionate Ood.

After praising the Creator, and after giving blessing to the Lord* of the sons of

Adam (may the blessing of Grod be upon him and on his
• The Prophet Muhammad, p^geny and family !), the humble and contemptible Muham-

mad Akram, who hopes to obt^ mercy from God, the pardoner of sins, and who

sits on the carpet of the dargdh or shrine (which is) like

JS^nr^^Go'^r'^"''" *;^^. l?^ ^f ^^* ^t^S Sdheb ShdhXhyruddin (may God

shed light on his tomb I) says that, agreeably to the wishes
of the members of the high " Kdderia" sect who make enquiries about the parti-
culars of the genealogy, birth, austerities, and miracles of Shin S^eb (may Gk>d have
mercy on him !) which have been written in full in the book of my late venerable father
Sher Muhammad, may his abode be petradise ! I have extracted the (following) f ew
particulars from the said book for the public use, in order that the enquirers (referred
to) may derive benefit therefrom both outwardly and inwardly. Oh God, lead us to
the right path. Shih Khyruddin (may God grant to him the highest place in
paradise), who is a venerable and an excellent person, and who is the best among those
who have joined God, and the best of the holy men, and who is a very learned and a
perfect guide (in spiritual matters), is the pearl-like son of a descendant in the sixth
generation of Shaikh Moheyiddin Abdul Kider JiUni and Bagd^i, who is a venerable
person, a Ghaus-ul-aizam (a title of Muhammadan saints), a star of the universe, a crown
of the friends (of God) and (a bestower) of honors on the pious (may God have
mercy on him !). Since his birth in 898 J (Hajri) the east and west have been filled

with light. When young he devoted himself at Bagdad to

* • * ' * the acquisition of religious knowledge to its full extent.

Afterwards, in accordance with (God's) call " Labbaik,"§ he proceeded on a pilgrimage

to Mecca in company with *' Khalifa JamiluUa.*' He then

§ The meaning of this is, finished the ceremonies connected with the pilgrimage,

^What do yon want with me ? ^^ generally occupied himself in practising austerities and

Here I am, what wonld yon \^''^r^:ll.±.\.J.^ aj?x ^ji. i.x

have?" worshij^mg God at that place. Afterwards he went to

Medina through an inclination and a great desire to visit
the (tomb) of the great prophet there, about whom God sent down (the following say-
ing) : — " Had it not been for you I would not have created the heavens." Having
obtained (from the tomb of the prophet the benefit of) internal grace, he left that
place for the island of Abubandar, which is in the sea, and occupied himself in thinking
of God for about twelve years and a half. Afterwards, having travelled through the
provinces of Arabia and India, he went first to the place called Shih Karims " Bulri, "
in t)ie river of Sind, and which is one of the dependencies of Ldr. The said Shkh

20

No. 62 Of 1877.

Bozahf Aurangabad, 8th March 1877.

Thb chief secretary to GOVERNMENT,

Bombay.

Sir,

I have the honor to return the accompanying papers relative to ancient remaiiis
in Sind.

2. In letter No. 307, of 4th May 1876, S. W. Tyndall, Esquire, "Collector of
Jerruck, mentions the TohfaUiUKoran^ a local history belonging to Sayid Hosain
Ali Shah. As such a work is likely to contain other information besides the items
extracted by Mr. Tyndall, I would request that inquiry should be made as to whether
a careful verbation copy, written in a clear hand, could be obtained.

3. The reports attached to Mr. Tyndall*s letter are interesting, and I have the
honor to request that a copy, in extenso, may be made of them for my use.

4. With reference to letter No. 308, of 12th July 1876, from Deputy Collector
of Hyderabad, I would remark that the photographic negative (on glass, I suppose)
taken of the " Thull Kukan " (or Rukan — the copyist writes " Rukan '^) should be care-
fully packed and sent to Bombay.

5. The building in question is an ancient Buddhist sttjtpa, probably datmg from
before the Christian era, and, as suggested, it ought to be made over either to the
Revenue or Public Works Department, to be preserved from further wilful dilapida*
tion.

•

6. I have to request a copy of the portions indicated by pencil in this report,
and of the whole of the report from Lieutenant-Colonel Wallace, of the remains in the
Shikirpur Collectprate.

7. As compared with many others of the returns, these from Sindh are so very
full and interesting that I would suggest that they be put in type, as being useful for
future reference ; if proofs are sent to me, I shall be happy to revise ttiem. The
Persian inscriptions ought tp be included with translations by the Government
Translator ; or, if there are any errors in the copies, a reference might be made to
Sindh for correct copies and also good close translations.

I have the honour to be, &c.,
(Signed) J. BTTRGESS,
Archaeological Reporter, &c,, to Government.

21

No. 1411 OF 1877.

General Department.

Commissioner's Office^
Eurrachee^ 6th November 1877«

MEMORANDUM.

In returning to Government the original papers received with memo. No. 851,
dated 16th March last, the Acting Commissioner in Sind has the honor to report,
with reference to para. 4 of Mr. Burgess* letter No. 62, dated 8th idem, that the
photographic negative of Thull Bukan was sent direct to that officer, Ijut it was
returned with the words " Gone to England " endorsed on the packet. The negative,
securely packed, is now sent to Government as an accompaniment to this memoran-
dum. The building itself has since been placed in charge of the Public Works
Department to preserve it from dilapidation, as suggested by Mr. Burgess.

2. An amended list of architectural buildings in the H^la division is submitted
to Government, in lieu of the one objected to by Mr. Burgess in his letter No. 65,
dated 10th March 1877. Ground plans of the three tombs could only be obtained,
viz., those of (1) Mir Fatah Ali, (2) the Mukhdum, and that at (3) Udera Lai. The
negative of the two photographs, Nos. 1 and 2, herewith returned, have not been
kept, as they were taken by an amateur. Copies of the original inscriptions in the
language in which they are written, are attached. ^

3. With regard to the TohfaUiUKorarij a local history belonging to Sayyid
Husain Ali Shah, mentioned in the report of the Deputy CoUector of. Jerruck, the
Collector of the district. Colonel Lambert, reports that to make a verbation copy
would require from one year to eighteen months, and the outlay would be Rs. 150. If,
under the circumstances. Government would sanction the proposed outlay, measures
would at once be taken to have it completed, and, if possible, in a shorter time than
that mentioned above.

4. The Acting Commissioner fully endorses the proposals made in para. 7 of
Mr. Burgess' letter No. 62, and would request that the whole of the papers, English
and vernacular, be printed at the Central Press, Bombay. If necessary, proof-sheets
of the latter may be sent to Sindh, for revision or correction, together with their trans-
lations, which might be done in Bombay.

5. A list of ancient structiu*es in the Thar and Parker District is also attached.
The buildings are in good condition, being kept in repair by the people. As there are
no inscriptions, the exact year and the cost of construction cannot be ascertained : the
figures given in columns 3 and 4, cost and age, have been derived from local legends.

F. D. MELVILL,
Acting; Gots^c^&s^^ks^^sss^

b570— 6

22

23

24

^ ^

Orotuvd/Thuv
of

TOMB

cf-

ScaZt' 10 fib « iinA/

house of

rtion and
i the year

IT

liatif was
lows) : —
icate the

rid to his

I, and the
:e son of

he bless-

**"wV'

/ /

25

^1 ^^^. iijl^. ^ cf^. ^ ^J J^^ ^ u^ ^'^^ ^^ .

Sibit Ali said about the year of his death (as follows) : —

" That he went near God while professing the faith of * Bytidla * (the house of
God in Mecca)."

ir ^ ^ - "

This building which surrounds the holy shrine* of Udera was by the exertion and
contrivance of Bedarang, son of ShimdAs Thakar Mosh^hid^h, completed in the year
one thousand and forty-four, in the month of Babiuss^ni«

i^j^h) ^U £^Jj (^Uf (y& JW «>d^ ^JL>yCA. c^^oj

When, by the hand of the venerable Sayid Jamil, the shrine of Shih Latif was
erected,'Ziher (the name of a poet) saw the light of God there, and said (as follows) : —
" The tomb of the Dargih of Latif is full of lights." (These words indicate the
figures 1167.)

^ ^ ^ f^^ P 0%P 0%^ 9 9^0%^

y. c>jfU irn ^i-^t^ ^^J\ v<^'»i-Ji ,j«*«.c4;Ji

Death is confinement.! We may say that it takes him who leaves this world to his
friend God 1 In 1221. May (his) end be good.

Abdurraheem, the builder (of the edifice), is an inhabitant of Hyderibdd, and the
son of Haidar Kdshigar, who is an inhabitant of Nasarpur. Punu Fakir, the son of
Ishik. The year 1138.

9 $

There is no Gk)d but God, and Muhammad is the prophet of God. May the bless-
ing and peace of God be upon him.

• Of Udera.

t This line is evidently incorrectiy oopied, as it ifl quite opposed to what f ollows.

B 570—7

26

I r 1 *^ ^y 5lA ^Uf ^l^ c^^f *^^J d^ *^ /^*^j^ Aij^

Fat^h All Kh^n (was) king in his time.

Departed this life on the night of the martyrdom of " Sh&h Shahid " (i.e., lim
Husain).

Sdbit, a pilgrim, said (as follows) about the year of his (Fatdh Ali Ehdn's) death :
** He is an inhabitant or master of paradise or of an abode (like) paradise.*'

The date of the death of the late Miyan Kdyam Shdh Koreshi was the 13 th
Shibdn, in the year 1215 (Hajri). The lateMakhdum of the Makhdums^ whose abode
is paradise (and whose name is) Miyd.n Fizil Shdh Koreshi, may God take mercy on
him, left this world for the other on the 1st Zilhaj in the year ♦ 66.

M. G. HASSAN,
For Deputy Collector of Hala.

U^j \ASm ^j} ^jf^ ^y^ ^ iijlJ

CJj »J ^ u^j^ )j\ ^y"^^ ^f ^ l«i^ jUa ^^b j^joi^u

The ddte of the Kuhha (vault) of the venerable Makhdum Nuh, may God take
mercy on him, (is as follows) : —

God be praised, the shrine resembling paradise and Kubba were repaired.

The latter is full of victories.

The dust at its door verily does the work of Jesus Christ (that is, gives hfe to the
dead).

To dead persons it always gives fresh souls.

The founder of this ** Bdrg;ih " is Pir Muhammad of that time. May the media-
tor and f orgiver of the Muhammadan followers be his mediator (also on the day of
judgment).

The date tree of his intentions always gives fruit ripe for gathering.
Oh " Buduh " (an invocation supposed to possess great power over the invisible
world) contiiiue the same.

* This part is torn in the original.

27

•t

5 -

Wisdom said about its date (as follows): — "How wonderful theKubba of Makh-
dum Nuh is. It is an abode of peace and harmony."

Composed by Muhammad and written by Abdulhdkim. May God pardon their
sins. The date of death is 998.

The Kubba was repaired by the builder Jumma, the son of Sulemdn. May God
conceal their faults. In the year 1205.

in*

Mir Fateh Ali Khdn, the king of his time, erected this "Kubba" over the vener-
able tomb which is full of lights.

Hatif said to me about the date of its erection (as follows) : —
<*0 Mir Muhammad, here is the place of Makhdum Zam^.'' (These words
indicate the figures 1210.)

irrr ^u^i*

The great Mir, (whose name is) Amir E^aram Ali, repaired the mosque of "Dargdh."
May the eyes of his hope be full of light. By the blessing of "Ali,'* who is a friend of
Grod. " Hatef '* said to me about the date of its repairs ^ follows): —

" The mosque of God resembles the house of God I (These words indicate the
figures 1222).

M. G. HASSAN,
jPbr Deputy GoUeotoc c»l^Sa..

28

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33

Apphndix.

^ /^t ^.

Note by the Honourable J. GIBBS.

On 24th February 1858, in company with Sir Bartle Frere and Mr. Shaw Stewart,
I Tisited the Bukan-jo»Thul ; we had previously sent men out to clear the base and
sink a shaft down through it, in order, if possible, to find the relics, if any. In the
evening I ascended the Thul by means of a rough jungle ladder, and found the men
had sunk the shaft about 8 feet.

Three days after, on 27th idem, we encamped at the Thul, and the workmen com-
pleted the shaft down to the base without finding anything. The Thul was of ordinary
masonry ; but the stones, of which it was composed, must have been brought from
a great distance. The square base, when cleared, measured about 66 feet on
each side.

Captain Stack* had, some years before, sent a shaft through the Thul, about 8 feet
above the surface of the ground, but found nothing.

I sent a memorandum, accompanied with a sketch of the Thul, to the late Colonel
Sykes, but I cannot find a copy of it amongst my papers.

J. GIBBS.
I8ih December 1877.

2.^^Note from my diary.

On 27th January 1859, we pitched at Mirpur Khas, in the Hyderabad CoUectorate,
and at about 1^ mile to north, or north-west, we found the remains of a brick * Thul* ;
it was very dUapidated, and, if my memory serves, not above 6 feet of the round
portion was left. It was soft and easily worked ; after some Httle clearing we came
upon a hollow chamber, in which was a vase of fine earthenware, which contained some
pieces of crystal and amethyst, with what appeared to be bits of bark. No remnant of
bone could be found. The vase is, I believe, now in the Kurrachee Museimi. Further
researches produced nothing but bricks, some ornamented, until the third day, when a
head, in a greenish stone and of an Egyptian type, was found. This was also, I
believe, placed by Sir Bartle Frere in the museum at Kurrachee.

J. GIBBS.
I8th December 1877.

570—9

Copies. " /

No. 171 OF 1855.

Gnmui DiPAsnuHT.

Fbom

H. B. E. FBERE, Esa,

CommiaBioner in Bind,

To

Thi Bioht Honoxjbabu Lobd ELPHINSTONE, G.C.H.,

Qovemor aad President in Coandl, Bombay.

Daiei 20(^ Avril 1855.

Mt Lord,

In f orwaxding the accompanying copy of a letter from my Assistaiit, Mr. James
Dated 18th instant brinff- Gibbs, which will, I am sure, be read with much interest by
ing to notioe the present state your Lordship in Council, I would beg to state that I have
of the Jmnma Musjid at Tatta had it for some time in contemplation to solicit a grant for
and the tombs on the Mnkli the restoration of the mosque and tombs at Tatta ; but have
hfll near that city. hitherto been unable, owing to the want of any one suffici-

ently interested in the subject to take the trouble of collecting the information which
Mr. Gibbs has furnished, as to what should be done and what it would cost.

2. Tour Lordship is aware that the buildings, referred to, owe their peculiar
beauty to the encrustation of encaustic or enamdled tUe work, mixed occasionally
with very elegant carving in low reUef on a fine-grained, cream-coloured limestone.
This style of ornamentation is more profusely employed, and with greater elegance
and more taste, than in any building I am acquainted with, not excepting the
Alhambra, if one may judge from the magnificent work of Mr. Owen Jones.

3. I would recommend that the sum suggested by Mr. Gibbs (Rs. 5,000) be
granted on the body of Sayids and other Mahomedans at Tatta, interested in the work,
binding themselves to the condition specified in Mr. Gibbs* 10th para. The execution
of repairs to be left to Sayid Sahbur Ali Shah, who is a man of great respectability,
and his feUows. The money to be advanced by instalments of Ks. 1,000 at a time,
the second and all following instalments on a certificate by an Engineer Officer, or the
Deputy Collector, that the preceding instalment has been well eqroended, and that the
conditions of the grant have been fairly observed. Beyond this 1 would not interfere,
but leave the work to the management of the Sayids.

I have the honor to be, &c.^

H. S. El. FREHEi,

ComzniBsioner in Sind.
Commissioner's Office^ Kvrrachee^ 20tA April 1855.

35

From

JAMES GIBBS, Esq.,

Assistant Oommissioner,

To

H. B. E. FBERE, Esq.,

Commissioner in Sind.

Dated 18th April 1855.

Sib,

I have the honor to bring to your notice the present state of the Jumma Musjid
at Tatta and the tombs on the Mukli hill adjoining that city.

2. Captain Pellj and myself visited them yesterday, and found, after a careful
inspection, that, if considerable repairs are not at once carried out on the musjid, this
magnificent example of the taste of the Delhi Emperors will soon fall into irremedi-
able ruin. ,

3. Sayid Sahbur Ali Shah informed me that he had spoken to you, last year, on
the subject, and that he felt assured, if properly represented to Gbvemment, aid
would not be withheld.

4. He has prepared an estimate,* in detail, amounting to Rs. 5,000, for which

sum the splendid mosque in the western and the equally

• Appended, Ba. 5,000. magnificent entrance at the eastern side wotild be com-

pletely restored, and the remaining portion, including the extensive dhurmsallas

on the north and south sides, together with the entire walls outside as well as in,

would be put into thorough repair, and be rendered weather-proof.

5. This building, as you are aware, is composed of very finely-burnt brick and
lime, the outside being plastered, while the interior is inlaid with enamelled tilest in

+ " Kaflhi k'-kain" *^® most beautiful patterns, of which those in the interior

of the domes are peculiarly delicate, and greatly resemble

the ** powdering of stars" seen in many Roman Catholic churches. The entire

t Bstimated at Bb 200 Mosaic work, if I may so term it, is still very perfect, 2,000}

tiles alone being required to render its restoration complete.

6. The north, south, and west sides of the fabric were erected between the years
A. H. 1054-57 (A. D. 1644-47) by order of the Emperor Shah Jehan as a memorial
of his visit to Tatta in A. H. 1036-37 (A. D. 1626-27) at the time when, having quar-
rdled with his father Jehanghir, he was an exile from that monarch's court. It is
related that in his flight Shah Jehan came to Tatta, then the residence of Shurreef-ool-
Moolk, the Nawab of his father and his own bitter enemy, and having made himself
known to the then Chief Sayid, Abool Mukarim, he was enabled secretly to perform
his devotions in the then Junmia Musjid ere he continued his flight, and in gratitude
for this, on ascending the throne, which he did shortly afterwards, he gave orders for
the present building to be constructed. The eastern end was afterwards added by
Aurungzebe in the year A. H. 1068-69 (A. D. 1658-59).

7. The total cost is said to have amounted to six lacs of mpeeg, the whole of
which was forwarded from the royal treasury of Delhi.

8. The only repairs of any moment which have been made were in A. H. 1252
(A. D. 1836), when Meer Noor Mahomed expended Be. 4,000 in its repairs and res-
toration.

36

9. At the time of the conquest much damage was done by the soldiers of our
army, many of whose names are now visible, scrawled over some of the finest work.
Sir 0. Napier, on hearing of this, gave orders for the mosque to be locked up, and the
key kept by the Kardar, and only opened for prayers, and when at Tatta spoke to
Sayid Sahbur AU Shah about its repairs. Nothing, however, was done, and as the
Sayids were soon after reduced in circumstances, beyond blocking up a few holes here
and there the building has been left to gradual decay.

10. To meet the expense of repairing this mosque, estimated, as above stated, at
Rs. 5,000, the Sayids and other Mussulmen at Tatta have engaged to contribute one-
half, if Government will kindly sanction the other.

11. With regard to the tombs on the Mukli hill, I submit to you whether
assistance might not be requested from Government alone, as no representative now
remains of the families whose ashes lie beneath those magnificent structures, which, in
the taste which designed them and the art and skill used in their construction, rival
many of the finest monuments of a similar nature in European countries.

12. I would particularly notice the tombs of —

1. Jam Nindah, A.H. 914 (A.D. 1508).

• 2. Meerza Eesa Beg Turkan, A.H. 980 (A.D. 1574), who held Sehwistna
as "Hakim".

8. Meerza Eesa Beg, grandson of the above, who was appointed Nawab
by the Emperor Jehanghir in A.H. 1037 (A.D. 1627), and who died
at the age of 92 years. And,

4. The tomb of his Zenanah, which adjoins his own.

*

These are all, as you are aware, built of stone. No. 4 is of the finest workmanship,
and may be said, even with more propriety, to bear, in regard to its larger neighbour
No. 3, the same comparison as Lincoln does to York Minster, viz., wife and husband.

13. No. 1, the most ancient, is of a different construction, and considering it to
have originally been built without a dome, it is wonderful how it has stood the rava-
ges of the weather. Its distance from the general mass of the tombs may account
for its escaping the usual scribbling and cutting of names, by which the generality
have been disfigured by our soldiers and others of our countrymen.

14. All that I would suggest being done for these tombs would be a thorough
cleansing, the rubbish all around removed, and precautions taken to strengthen and
preserve them from the ravages of the weather and the incursions of birds and
jackals, which latter would be easily done by replacing the trellis work in the wh>
dows, and placing new doors in the sockets which are still remaining in the door-posts.

15. To do this successfully a further sum of Rs. 2,500 would, in accordance with
Sayid Sahbur Ali Shah's calciilation, be requisite ; and considering that the tombs
themselves must have cost several lacs of rupees, and that they are stfll, although sadly
delapidated, grand examples of the taste and magnificence of the former rulers of the
country, I would respectfully suggest that Government be ask6d to sanction this sum,
in addition to that stated in para. 10, as being a moiety of the expense for repairing]the
Jumma Musjid in the town, making a total of Bs. 5,000.

^>y^

37

16. I have but to add that, should Government be pleased, upon your repersen-
tation, to sanction these works, I would suggest that the repairs be left in the hands
of Sajrid Sahbur Ali Shah, as while it would ensure the hearty co-operation of his
f ellow-townsmen would also be a guarantee to the works being well and carefully

executed.

Camp Ooqjah, 16th April 1855.

I have, &c.,

J. GIBBS,

Assistant Commissioner^

p. 8. — I had almost forgotten to mention the " Englishman's tomb" on the Mukli
Hill, with its quaint inscription : —

'* Here lies the manes of Edward Cooke^ who was taken oat of the world in the flower of his age, a
person of great merit and in great esteem, and much lamented by all his friends, learned in many
languages, of great hnmanity, a sound judgment, and of a generous disposition, who departed this life the
8th of May 1713.

" ^tatis 8uce 21.

" As blooming lilies grace the field,

" So for a day they shine,

" Like him to God above they yield

" Their lives, but not their names resign.

" To whose memory his servant erected this tomb."

This requires only the jungle being cleared away and a low wall erected around it^
which will prevent its being removed, as also servo as a mark to distinguish the spot,
at present very diflficult to find.

J, GIBBS,

Assistant Conunissioner.

(True Copy)

J. GIBBS,

Assistant Commissioner.

Estimate of probable Expense for repaiHng the Jumma Musjid at Tatta.

Detub.

Amoont.

Total.

Bricks, 50,000, at Es. 5 per 1,000

Chunam for ceiling, walls, Ac, 1,700 maunds

Materials for Plaster.
Vyiiaroiieo ... ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• •••

JV01)0 •■• ••• ••* act ••• ••• t«* •••

Baskets, &c., for carrying chanam

Bs. a. p.

500
50
25

Be. a. p.

^50 a
250

575

B 570—10

38

DetuU.

Amount.

Total

•

Materials for Cemei

OftTICl ••• ••• ••• •••

Ooogal (frankincense)

Chopped gunny • • •

v/ll*»« ••• ••• ••• •••

Halleelah

Mittiacuth (catechu)

•

%t,

• • a . • •
•• • •••

• ■ • ...

• . • • • •
« • • * • ■
. • • a • .

■ •• a • •

• •* • ■ •

. • • • a. <
••• ...

• > • • • a

• *. a ••
• . . •••

■ • • • • •

• • •

• • •

Bs.

25
25
60
10
16
25

a.

p-

Bs.

160

3,675
90

a. p.

•

^xnisB ••• ••• ••• •■•

w a LeiT ••• ••• •.• •••

Enamelled bricks of 6 inches each
Colour ... ... ••• . •••

Stones

Jungle-wood

Oowndiesj coolies^ &c., &c.

100
800'
200
100
400
200
2,375

Contingencies

Total

. • •

5,000

-

(True TrariRlation.)

J. GIBBS,
Assistant Commissioner in Sind.

No. 373 OF 1855.

P. W. Department.
Bombay Gastle^ 14th May 1865.

Letter from the Commissioner in Sind^ No. 171^ dated the 20th April 1855^ relative to the
repair of the Jumma Musjid at Tatta and the tombs on the Mukli Hill.

Besolution of Government on the above^ dated the 11th May 1855.

The Governor in Council is pleased to sanction an outlay of Rs. 5,000 for the res-
toration of the Jumma Musjid at Tatta and the tombs on the Mukli hill, on condition
that the Sayids and other Muhammadans at Tatta engage to contribute the sum of
Es. 2,500 towards the repair of the mosque.

The grant, now provisionally sanctioned by Government, to be advanced by in-
stalments of Rs, 1,000 at a time, and under such precautions as may be deemed requi-
site to ensure the proper expenditure of the money and the fulfilment of the condition
of the grant.

W. HART,

Secretary to Government.
To

The Commissioner in Sind.
The Civil Auditor.

Note. — These repairs were carried out as proposed under the direction of Sayid Sahbar AH Shah, and
the work done to the mosque was subsequently valued by an Engineer officer at 1^. 10,000.— J. G.