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Book No. accession

720.5 Ar24 — 359338

NOT TO BE TAKEN FROM THE LIBRARY

FOUM NO 37 5M-8-32

THE

Architect

AND

ENGINEER

OCTOBER, 1931

IMPORTANT

ANNOUNCEMENT

* * * *

to building owners
and managers

BY OTIS ELEVATOR COMPANY

At a "round-table meeting at the Convention of
the National Association of Building Owners
and Managers last year, it was agreed that the
elevators should get first consideration in any
building modernization project. Here's why:

Elevators are the source of first and last im-
pressions of every building. If elevators are anti-
quated, the age of the building is very definitely
forced upon the attention of every one . . .
especially the prospective tenant.

It is because of this urgent need for elevator
modernization in many buildings today that Otis
has instigated the Otis Modernization Survey
Service! This Service embraces an engineering
survey of any building using elevators, no matter
where it is located. From the Survey, a detailed
report is made to the building owner or manager,
together with recommendations and estimates of
cost of modernizing the elevators from top to
bottom. The Service is FREE!

The last few years have brought many major
improvements in elevators . . . improvements
of which the public is fully conscious. If your
elevators are not in accord with modem stand-
ards, get in touch with the nearest Otis office.

The Otis Modernization Survey Service is yours
for the asking. The Service report will tell you
whether or not it is necessary to replace some
of the major parts or merely to change minor
features . . . and whether it will pay you
to do to.

* * *

One more point! If your building needs re-
visions other than in elevator-equipment, call in
your architect. You will find him prepared to
give you a full report on what your building
should have to bring it up to date and put it
on a competitive basis with new and modem
structures.

OTIS

ELEVATOR COMPANY

339 OFFICES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD

* This is a reproduction of the full-page Otis advertisement appearing in current issues of publications read
by building owners, managers, superintendents and engineers. We believe that modernization offers a wide
and legitimate field of architectural and building activities during this period when new construction is slow.

Thumb Tacks and T- Square

H. Roy Kelley, architect, of
Los Angeles, whose houses were
illustrated in The Architect and
Engineer last month, is a mem-
ber of the President Conference
on Home Building and Home
Ownership. Mr. Kelley's wide
experience in domestic architec-
ture should make him a valuable
member of the President's com-
mittee, whose mission is to study
existing conditions governing
home building and home owner-
ship, with a view to submitting
recommendations for the elimina-
tion of some of the obstacles that
discourage home ownership by
people with small incomes. It
is universally agreed that the dif-
ficulties in obtaining small homes
of character and good construc-
tion, the economic waste, the in-
efficiency involved in the construc-
tion, difficulties of financing, high
interest rates, excessive brokerage
fees, and other carrying costs,
form a basis of discouragement
rather than encouragement to-
ward home ownership with people
of moderate income.

"Our studies have shown,"
writes Mr. Kelley. "that based on
a reasonable ratio of income in
normal times the average working
man in America cannot afford to
have more than a total investment
of $5,000 in his home. We also
find that more than 90% of small
homes are not planned or built by
the individual home owner but are
purchased after completion, or in
some cases during construction.
They are built usually by specu-
lative builders, real estate promot-
ers and others whose chief interest
is building for sale, and they are
not always interested in matters
of character and quality."

THE rentable and resale
value of good looking, well de-
signed buildings is emphasized by
William Orr Ludlow, architect,
who declares that despite the fact
that this is a machine age, beauty
in buildings is as desirable as ever.
Public demands have changed in
many other respects, he says, but
the owner of even the strictly
utilitarian building is more insist-

ent upon attractive construction
than ever before.

"While strict economy is still
essential, the owner of a factory,
for instance, now understands
more of the psychological effect
on his employees of pleasant sur-
roundings," according to Mr.
Ludlow. "The engineer who
makes his bridges, factories, or
waterworks attractive in appear-
ance is going to give the owner a
much larger share of satisfaction
in the accomplished work, and,
further, he is creating something
of permanent advertising value to
himself.

"For those who would argue
the matter, pointing out what
'plain stuff some of the modern-
istic architects themselves are de-
signing, let them stop to realize
that the real designer does not
need cornices, pilasters or orna-
ment. He gets beauty from its
fundamental sources, good mass
and proportion, pleasing silhou-
ette, harmonious color, and a fit-
ness of design to purpose.

"Let none be misled by the lot
of worthless stuff recently put on
the architectural market. It has
not been done by real architects
but by men who mistook novelty
for beauty, who, scorning every-
thing traditional, have used light-
ening strokes, acute angles and
bizarre geometric patterns ad nau-
seum. All this has been copied
and duplicated because it is sup-
posed to express modern art.
Modern expression in architecture
that has real and enduring art-
ists value is exemplified in the
Empire State and the New York
Telephone buildings.

"Buildings of today are the
products of the architect and the
engineer working together. Be-
cause of their co-operative ac-
complishment, the world stands
amazed at structures almost unbe-
lievable in height, beauty and use-
fulness.

"To the architect falls the part
of the original conception of the
structure in its mass, proportion,
profile, and embellishment. 1 he
notion that this is all the architect
does seems to persist in some
minds, although the idea is a relic
about forty years old.

STAY YOUNG

Youth is not a time of life— it is a state
of mind. It is a temper of the will, a qual-
ity of the imagination, a vigor of the emo-
tions. Youth means a predominance of cour-
age over timidity, of the appetite of adven-
ture over love of ease. Nobody grows old by
merely living a number of years; people grow
old only by deserting their ideals.

Worry, doubt, self-distrust, fear and despair
—these bow the head and turn the spirit back
to dust. Whether seventy or sixteen, there is
in every being's heart the love of wonder, the
sweet amazement at the stars, the undaunted
challenge of events, the unfailing, childlike
appetite lor what next, and joy in the game
of life.

You are as young as your faith, as young
as your self-confidence, as old as your de-
spair In your heart, there is a wireless sta-
tion- so long as it receives messages of beauty,
hope, cheer, courage, grandeur and power,
from the earth, from men and from the Infi-
nite so long are you young. — Exchange.

"The fact is that good mass,
proportion, profile, all depend on
plan, and planning is one of the
most exacting of practical prob-
lems, involving a thousand consid-
erations of usage, financial return
on investment, building laws, eco-
nomic use of material and space,
sound construction, and adequate
equipment and furnishing."

« 8 «

Referring to the "depres-
sion" on which the country seems
to be fairly well sold, and a pos-
sible cure, Roger W. Babson, noted
economist, says: "I see advertis-
ing as the means to start the ball
rolling— good, honest, efficient ad-
vertising, showing the buyer
where he can get a good dollar s
value for every dollar he spends.
The manufacturer has taken the
recess period to make his product
right both in price and quality—
now let him tell about it!

And speaking about adver-
tising, Ralph Hitz. of New York,
writes:

"If every large advertiser would
increase his advertising appropria-
tion 25 per cent and start spend-
ing it at once — whole-hearted y
and joyously — prosperity would
be upon us in no time.

Mr. Hitz calls business depres-
sion "the most successfully adver-
tised institution in the United
States today."

The Architect and Engineer, October, 1931

ific Coast Offic

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THE PEELLE COMPANY, BROOKLYN, NEW YOP.K

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In Canada: Toronto and Hamilton, Ontario

The Architect and Engineer. October. 1931

VOLUME 107
NUMBER 1

THE

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER

359338

OCTOBER
1931

FREDERICK W. JONES, Editor
EDGAR N. KIERULFF, Asstt. Editor

Contributing Editors
CLARENCE R. WARD. San Francisco

CARLETON MONROE WINSLOW,

Los Angeles
HAROLD W. DOTY, Portland, Ore.
CHAS. H. ALDEN, Seattle, Wash.

JOHN W. GREGG

EMERSON KNIGHT

CHAS. H. CHENEY

ALBERT B. MANN

JULIAN C. MESIC

H. J. BRUNNIER

L H. NISHKIAN

Contents

COVER DESIGN— By L. L. Brouchoud

FRONTISPIECE— Oakdale Elementary School, Chico, California

Chester Cole, Architect; Louis L. Brouchoud

Some Recent Schools and Other Work by Chester Cole and L. L. Brouchoud
B. J. S. Cahill, Architect

Competition for a Roadside Auto Camp at Santa Barbara

The Xumber Two in Architecture

William Lee Woollctt, ALA.

Modernizing a Twenty-fiv

Old Office Building

Vincent Raney

Los Angeles Has First Steel Lamella Roof on Pacific Coast

Golden Gate Bridge Foundations Safe, Declare Experts

The Architect's View Point

Full Text of Decision Nullifying Legality of Denver Architects' Associate

With the Architects

Society and Club Meetings.

PLATES AND ILLUSTRATIONS
Recent Work of Chester Coee and L. L. Brouchoud

School Building, Oroville ...

Oakdale School, Chico

Plan, Oakdale School, Chicc
Library, State Teachers

Chico

Plan, Library, State Teachi

lege, Chico

College
rs Col-

Native Sons' and Daughters' Build-
ing, Oroville 25

Shasta Union School, Chico 25

Linden Grammar School, Chico ..26-27
Veterans' War Memorial, Willows 2S-29

Veterans' War Memorial, Chico 30

Residence of Laurence Kennedy 30

Residence of Carlton Grey 51

Portfolio of Gardens by Ne

Plot Plan, Estate of D. A. Men-

denhall, Palo Alto 38

Garden View, Residence of D A.

Mendenhall 39

"The Terrace," Garden ol D. A.

Mendenhall *1

■The Terrace," Garden of F A.

Wilder, San Jose 43

Plot Plan, Estate of Frank A.

Wilder 44

Spanish Garden, House of Stanton

CrifCr.e Stanford licnrarsity ... 45

Townley Childs, Landscape Architect
A. Men- Garden of J. V. Wood, San Jose 4

Plot Plan, Estate of J. V. Wood

"Informal Lawn." Garden of Neal

r. Childs, Atherton *>

Study of Restoration of Mission

Garden, Santa Inez 51

Loggia and Sunken Rock Garden.... 53

A Garden Pool, San Mateo County 55

to Vtlas Building, San Francisco
John V. D. Lmden, Architect

Progress Picture, Alteratk

Details of Roof Construction, Coco Cola Warehouse, Los Angele

Published monthly by THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER, INC.
1662 Russ Building, San Francisco, California

unir-ivr w lONFS Vice-President L. B. PENHORWOOD, Secretary

W. J. L. KIERULFF, President and Manager FRED K. W. JONES, Vice-President

WILLIAM W. BRADFORD, Advertising Manager

. tn r,„*A, 55 no a vear All other foreign countries, $6.00 a year
Subscrittions-Vmted States, $4.00 a year; single copy, $ .60. Canada, $5.00 a year.

OAKDALE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. CHICO. CALIFORNIA
CHESTER COLE. ARCHITECT: LOUIS L. BROUCHOUD

THE

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER

OCTOBER 1931
VOLUME 1 07
NUMBE R ONE

SOME RECENT SCHOOLS AND OTHER WORK
BY CHESTER COLE AND L. L. BROUCHOUD

by B. J. S. CAHILL, Architect

NOTABLE feature of this
strangely changing world we live in, is the
gradual disappearance of the distinctions
between big town and small town life as
conveyed usually in the words urban and
rural. This, of course, is more noticeable
in America than in Europe. It is in vain
for sentimental writers like Chesterton to
deplore the complete absence of "the vil-
lage" in the United States. The conditions
that produced the village do not obtain any
longer. Consequently, our small towns are
composed of exactly the same stuff or fab-
ric as our large towns. The citizens who
propose to build a modern hotel in a small
town, and no other kind is thinkable, will
not, it is a safe bet, give one moments
thought to the question of making it coun-
trified or rural. No, they will want it as
citified as possible with ice water on tap
in every room and bell hops with brass but-
tons! And of course the same holds with
regards to school, libraries, store buildings
and homes. In the same way with the mod-
ern system of production and distribution,
the stores of a small town carry precisely
the same stock as the big stores — with per-
haps less variety and a lower price range.
Country towns therefore differ from cit-

ies merely in size or quantity, not in qual-
ity. Of course, in older established com-
munities, such as we find in New England
and the South, the old order still persists.
But what the West is now, the whole coun-
try will become later.

This has a direct bearing on architecture
and its practice which I think has not been
realized, more especially as I find myself
still thinking of country architecture and
architect as distinct from the city variety.
Our younger men in too many instances,
have suffered under the same illusion and
have clung to the cities where competition
is keeji, and neglected the small towns
where opportunities are more abundant.

The work we are showing comes from
architects who have seen the opportuni-
ties for practice in a small town, although
equipped by skill and training for work of
the utmost sophistication. This work con-
sists broadly of schools, residences and
War Memorials, which we shall discuss in
order.

Chico is one of the towns of California
supporting a State Normal School and
Teachers College, consequently the plans
are in the hands of the State Architectural
Bureau at Sacramento. However, one an-
nex of this rather large group, the Library,
was turned over to the private firm of Cole
& Brouchaud and the charcoal perspective
and plans herewith reproduced, show the

SCHOOL BUILDING, OROVILLE, CALIFORNIA
Chester Cole, Architect; Louis L. Brouchoud

DETAIL, SCHOOL BUILDING, OROVILLE
Chester Cole, Architect; Louis L. Brouchoud

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

David Nordstrom, Builder

grouping of the whole scheme as it will
appear when completed. It forms a strong
architectural composition and splendidly
exemplifies the value of a tall tower to knit
together a random group of minor pavil-
ions. True to the tradition of the Italians,
masters of tower design, at least one cor-
ner rises uninterruptedly from the ground.

The Shasta Union School is of unusual
interest with its long frontal colonnade in
the true Mission spirit. This restful portico
completely masks the irregular and tire-
some fenestration of the conventional
school plan, thus transforming what would
be a commonplace facade into one of dis-
tinction and romance.

The Chico Grammar School, no doubt

rLOO^ PI '' ' ■

GENERAL VIEW AND PLAN, OAKDALE SCHOOL, CHICO, CALIFORNIA
Chester Cole, Architect; Louis L. Brouchoud

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER. 1931

LIBRARY, STATE TEACHERS' COLLEGE, CHICO, CALIFORNIA
Chester Cole, Architect; Louis L. Brouchoud

PLAN, LIBRARY, STATE TEACHERS' COLLEGE, CHICO, CALIFORNIA
Chester Cole, Architect; Louis L. Brouchoud

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

RELIC BUILDING FOR NATIVE SONS 5 DAUGHTERS, OROVILLE, CALIFORNIA
Chester Cole, Architect; Louis L. Brouchoud

SHASTA UNION SCHOOL, CHICO CALIFORNIA
Chester Cole, Architect; Louis L. Brouchoud

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

Hi Hi SH ni j I] Ij J jj | 11
i! samite: ■a-.u

LINDEN GRAMMAR SCHOOL, CHICO. CALIFORNIA
Chester Cole, Architect; Louis L. Brouchoud

PLAN, LINDEN SCHOOL BUILDING, CHICO, CALIFORNIA
Chester Cole, Architect; Louis L. Brouchoud

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

||1B

iii iii in

DETAIL OF ENTRANCE, LINDEN SCHOOL. CHICO. CALIFORNIA
CHESTER COLE, ARCHITECT; LOUIS L. BROUCHOUD

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

by reason of its orientation, has to express
itself otherwise, the outer window and
door scheme explaining frankly the dispo-
sition of class and service rooms, as well
as the internal anatomy and circulation.
This is done with restrained good taste, an
unusual feature being a colored stencil de-
sign along the whole front freize.

The Oakdale Elementary School also
expresses its inner function by its outer

gabled ends of return wings, with stone
effects of Gothic style where the accent of
attention would fall most naturally. These
features evidently aim to bring out the
picturesque feeling rather than the purity
of form of any particular period of this
style.

The Laurence Kennedy residence at
Redding interests us because it carries the
Southern style of design farther north than

VETERANS' WAR MEMORIAL. WILLOWS. CALIFORNIA
Chester Cole. Architect; Louis L. Brouchoud

form conveyed in classic details of remark-
able refinement.

Los Molinos School, in Tehama County,
features the main assembly or auditorium
as a dominating high ceilinged central pa-
vilion flanked by gabled entrances and
school rooms, the whole done in white-
jointed brick with interesting bond and
buttress effects and brick archivolts over
all circular headed doors and windows —
all done in something of the classic spirit.

The Oroville School, also with a brick
exterior, has a rather featured entrance in
the center of a long pavilion flanked by the

is usual, while the Carlton Gray residence
shows the possibilities of brick construc-
tion in domestic architecture.

The War Memorials at Willows and
Chico reflect evidence of very careful
renaissance design, a blend of utility and
elegance such as McKim, Meade and
White set as the standard of American
work. The former, with its bold tuscan
peristyle is truly imposing and a fine ex-
ample of a classic order so useful in form-
ing the tastes of succeeding generations,
upon the immortal forms handed down to
us from antiquity.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

DETAIL. WAR MEMORIAL, WILLOWS, CALIFORNIA
CHESTER COLE, ARCHITECT; LOUIS L. BROUCHOUD

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER. 1931

VETERANS' WAR MEMORIAL. CHICO, CALIFORNIA
Chester Cole, Architect; Louis L. Brouchoud

RESIDENCE OF LAURENCE KENNEDY, REDDING, CALIFORNIA
Chester Cole, Architect; Louis L. Brouchoud

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

RESIDENCE OF CARLTON GREY, OROVILLE, CALIFORNIA
Chester Cole, Architect; Louis L. Brouchoud

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

COMPETITION FOR A ROADSIDE AUTO CAMP
AT SANTA BARBARA

HE Plans and Planting Branch of
the Community Arts Association of Santa
Barbara is working in behalf of the ever
increasing numbers who travel the high-
ways for pleasure to improve the character
of commercial buildings near towns and on
the rural highways. The Association, with
other organizations, is trying to discover
ways of using bits of highway frontage for
business without destroying the agreeable
qualities of the route.

It is frequently remarked that the high-
ways of California are fast becoming lined
with cheap and unsightly commercial es-
tablishments; that the ones of interesting
and charming appearance are few and far
between; that most of these buildings seem
to have been built on the installment plan,
bit by bit. and rarely serve their purpose
most efficiently and with the least possible
offense to the eye. It is true that architects
have heretofore been seldom called on
work of this kind and the owners of these
establishments have had little good mater-
ial to help and guide them.

Surveys show that the roadside auto
camp, usually accompanied by a service
station and a r.'nall store or refreshment
stand, is a verv common element in the com-
mercial use of the highway. The Associa-
tion is of the opinion that there are archi-
tectural and artistic possibilities in the de-

sign of these structures and that much im-
provement might be made in the appear-
ance and convenience of such commercial
groups by ( 1 ) a better general arrange-
ment or group building layout, ( 2 ) a more
satisfactory design of store buildings and
other elements of the group that face di-
rectly on the highway, (3) a better plan-
ning of individual cabins and auto camp
structures, includinq service units, (4) the
use of properly proportioned and distinc-
tive advertising devices rather than innu-
merable small or large, spectacular signs,
(5) use of construction sufficiently perma-
nent to avoid the drawbacks of rapid de-
preciation, (6) the improvement of plant-
ing and general landscape treatment of the
grounds.

It is believed that there have been no
previous competitions of this kind, though
there was a most effective competition in
1928 for wayside refreshment stands and
gas stations designed for New York and
New England, sponsored bv the American
Civic Association and Art Center.

The Association has, therefore, under-
taken to sponsor a competition in the hope
of securing designs for commercial groups
which will provide suggestions and encour-
agement to owners and builders of these
essential enterprises.

This competition offers to architects and
engineers of California an unusual oppor-
tunity to make a constructive contribution
to the betterment of their state. The auto
camps as used every year, not only by great

numbers of Californians exploring their
own state, but by thousands of newcomers
who get their first impressions of Califor-
nia from temporary residence in them are,
investigation has shown, used in some in-
stances as permanent homes. This compe-
tition for the improvement of auto camp
design, therefore, has a social as well as an
aesthetic significance.

From what has been said above it may
as well be seen that those who enter this
competition are offering their services in
a work of considerable value to the state.
They are providing inspiration and sug-
gestion for builders who would not other-
wise use the services of an architect. Their
work may lead to the provision of better
housing for those who live for at least sev-
eral months each year in auto camps. They
may show that even the cheapest and
simplest materials, when worked into a
building with correct proportions and a
clever designers eye, can add delightful
effects to our roadsides. This competition,
when completed, is not expected to revolu-
tionize the commercial aspect of our high-
ways, but it is hoped that it will focus at-
tention upon this important phase of the
highway development problem, and en-
courage improvement in the appearance of
existing structures, as well as interesting
prospective builders to consciously aim at
the enhancement of their bits of the Cali-
fornia countryside.

Russel Ray, President of Santa Barbara
Chapter, American Institute of Architects,
has been appointed professional advisor for
the competition, the program for which has
the approval of the Santa Barbara Chap-
ter, and is as follows:

The program follows:
Competitors:

This competition is open to architects, engi-
neers, and draftsmen who are residents of the
State of California.

Compensation to Competitors:

The sponsors of the competition agree to pay
the winners immediately after the judgment of
the jury the following:

For 1st Prize Design $500.00

For 2nd Prize Design 200.00

For 3rd Prize Design 100.00

For Six Honorable Mentions, each 25.00

Jury of Award:

Clarence A. Tantau. architect, San Francisco.

Ralph Flewelling, architect, Los Angeles.

Charles H. Cheney, architect and city planning
consultant, Palos Verdes.

L. Deming Tilton, landscape architect and di-
rector county planning, Santa Barbara.

John Frederick Murphy, architect, Santa Bar-
bara.

The plans and planting branch of the Commun-
ity Arts Association and the competitors agree
that the jury has authority to make the awards
and that its decision shall be final.

THE COMPETITION
The Problem: Mandatory.

The design of "A Roadside Commercial
Group", suitable for the small town and rural
highway which shall include:

( a ) a service station

( b ) a store and/or restaurant building

I. The Site:

Is a rectangular plot having an area of one ( 1 )
acre (43,560 sq. ft.) with a frontage of not more
than 200 feet on the highway.

II. Maximum Occupied Area:

The entire building group including units, store
building and service station shall occupy not more
than 35% of the total area of the plot.
III. Restrictions:

(a) No buildings shall be built closer than 5'
from the side and 10' from the rear prop-
erty lines.

(b) Cottages shall be located not less than 20'
from the highway frontage property line.

( c ) Store, restaurant or service station may be
built on highway frontage property line,
provided ample and convenient space for
driving in, and parking is provided on the
property.

(d) Streets between rows of cottaqes shall be
not less than 25' in width and planned to
provide quick clearance in case of fire.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER. 1931

(e) Auto court structures whether single units
or multiple dwellings shall be spaced not
less than 10' apart. This space may be
used for automobile shelter.

( f ) At least one laundry with provision for
washing and drying clothes shall be pro-
vided.

( g ) The position of a camp incinerator shall
be indicated.

(h) Lighting by electricity or acetylene gas
shall be provided for.

IV. Auto Court:

Each unit must contain as a minimum require-
ment:

(a) A bedroom accommodating 1 double bed
or 2 single beds. 2 chairs. 1 small table. 1
dresser, 1 heating appliance.

(b) A kitchenette with sink, gas or electric
plate or wood stove, table, cupboard and /or
drawers and screened cooler.

(c) Toilet facilities consisting of 1 toilet. 1
shower. 1 lavatory with water heater ( if
central water heating plant is not pro-
vided ) which may be located in one room
or in separate compartments.

(d) Shelter for automobile.

Each unit shall contain not less than 360
square feet, including shelter for car. Twenty-five
per cent of the units shall provide space for 2
double beds or some arrangement for sleeping
accommodations for four people.

All buildings must comply with California State
Housing Act regulations. ( See appended sum-
mary of Housing Act applying to Auto Camps.)

V. Other Buildings:

Store building and/or restaurant building shall
not exceed 1500 square feet total area. (The store
building, as the survey shows, is devoted either
to the sale of automobile accessories, or package
or canned groceries, and often ice cream, candy
and tobacco. If meals are served in the small res-
taurant, a refreshment counter is often found in
connection with it.) The Service Station shall
not exceed 500 square feet total area.

VI. Materials:

The choice of materials is left to the designer,
but the designer shall be governed in his choice
by practicability and economy of construction and
appropriateness to the locality.

Presentation Drawings: Mandatory: The follow-
ing drawings shall be submitted in the pre-
scribed manner:

1 . Complete plot plan of entire group showing
location of all buildings, walks, drives and sug-
gested landscape development and dimensions
of plot at scale of 1 16" equals l'-O".

2. A perspective of the group as seen from the
highway.

3. Plan and two ( 2 ) direct elevations of Service
Station.

Plan and two (2) direct elevations of Store

and/or Restaurant.
Plan and two ( 2 ) direct elevations each type

of auto court used in layout, drawn to scale

of ',s" equals l'-O".

4. Any exterior detail or advertising device
drawn to scale of U" equals l'-O".

5. Graphic scales must be shown.

6. Drawings shall be made in full black ink on
two sheets of illustrator's board. Diluted ink,
color or wash is prohibited.

7. Each sheet is to be exactly 20"x30". Single
black border lines shall be drawn so that space
inside them will be exactly 18"x2811/'.

8. Each sheet shall bear the title: "Design for a
Roadside Commercial Group submitted in
Competition held by Santa Barbara Commun-
ity Arts Association." Each sheet shall be
signed by a Nom de Plume or Device.

9. The perspective of the group and the plot plan
shall be shown on the same sheet: the plans and
direct elevations of individual buildings shall
be shown on the second sheet.

Consideration of Jury of Award:

1 . Architectural merit of the design of the entire
group.

2. Excellence and ingenuity of plans.

3. Practicability and simplicity of construction.

4. Fitness and economy of design as a whole to
meet the needs and spirit of the problem.

Communications: Mandatory:

As this is an open competition it will be im-
possible to answer communications. Therefore,
the contestants shall not communicate on the sub-
ject of this competition with the professional ad-
visor, members of the jury, or with any other per-

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

OCTOBER, 1931

son in any way connected with it either directly
or indirectly.

Anonymity of Drawings: Mandatory:

The drawings submitted shall contain no dis-
tinguishing mark except the Norn de Plume or
Device, which could serve as a means of identifi-
cation. Every set of drawings submitted shall be
accompanied by a sealed envelope bearing on the
outside only the words: "This envelope contains
the true name and address of the competitor

whose Nom de Plume or Device is "

These envelopes will be retained unopened by
the professional advisor until the jury has com-
pleted its awards. No competitor shall directly
or indirectly reveal his or her identity to a mem-
ber of the jury or to the professional advisor.

Delivery of Drawings: Mandatory:

The drawings submitted in this competition
shall be securely wrapped flat and addressed in
plain lettering to The Plans and Planting Branch,
Community Arts Association, 929 Paseo Carrillo,
Santa Barbara, California. The return address
required by postal and express regulations must
not be the name and address of the competitor,
members of his family or a partner, but of a per-
son who could be notified by the transport agent
in case of non-delivery. Drawings shall be deliv-
ered not later than 5 P. M., November 16, 1931.
Drawings submitted are at the competitor's risk.
Reasonable care, however, will be exercised in
their handling, keeping and packing for return.

Examination of Designs:

The professional advisor will examine the de-
signs and records of their receipt to ascertain
whether they comply with the mandatory re-
quirements of the program and will report to the
jury any instances of failure. The jury will sat-
isfy itself of the accuracy of the report and will
place out of competition and make no awards to
any design not complying with mandatory re-
quirements.

Announcement of Awards:

The professional advisor will send by mail the
names of the winners of the prizes and mentions
to each competitor as soon as possible after the

awards have been made and the envelopes have
been opened. The announcement and report of
the jury will also be published in the next possible
issue of The Architect and Engineer.

Ownership and Use of Designs:

The prize designs are to become the property
of the Community Arts Association and the As-
sociation reserves the right to publish or exhibit
any or all of the designs not premiated. In every
case where a competitor's design is shown his or
her name and address will be prominently dis-
played on the design.

Return of Draivings:

Non-premiated designs will be returned to their
authors at the expiration of the exhibit period, if
they so request at the time of submitting design.

STATE HOUSING REGULATIONS
APPLYING TO AUTO CAMPS

1 . Windows may not open into auto shelters or
garages.

2. Cooking and sleeping in the same room is pro-
hibited.

3. Every living room, sleeping room, or kitchen
in every building must be provided with win-
dows of an area equal to Tsth of the floor area
of each room, and in no case shall aggregate
window area of any room be less than 1 2
square feet. Every bath and/or toilet room
shall have a window of at least 3 square feet
in area. Toilet and/or bath windows may open
into a vent shaft 18 inches in its least dimen-
sion and unobstructed to the sky.

4. Every sleeping room in any building must
have at least eighty square feet and be at least
seven feet at any point. Ceiling height must
be at least eight feet.

5. There must be at least twelve inches between
the ground and the lower edge of the floor
joists.

6. Rooms used for cooking must be separated
from rooms used for sleeping and from toilets
and/or bathrooms. No doors between toilets
and/or bathrooms and kitchens are permitted.

the architect and engineer

OCTOBER, 1931

NEAL TOWNLEY CHILDS

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

PHOTOGRAPHS

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DESIGN FOR THE GARDEN OF D. A. MENDENHALL. PALO ALTO
NEAL TOWNLEY CHILDS, LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

THE FRONT GARDEN. RESIDENCE OF D. A. MENDENHALL. PALO ALTO
NEAL TOWNLEY CHILDS. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT
CHARLES W. McCALL. ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

"THE TERRACE", GARDEN OF D. A. MENDENHALL, PALO ALTO
NEAL TOWNLEY CHILDS, LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT
CHARLES W. McCALL, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

"THE TERRACE", GARDEN OF F. A. WILDER. SAN JOSE
NEAL TOWNLEY CHILDS, LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT
BINDER & CURTIS, ARCHITECTS

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

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DESIGN FOR GARDENS OF FRANK A. WILDER. SAN JOSE
Neal Townley Childs, Landscape Architect

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER. 1931

SPANISH GARDEN, HOUSE OF STANTON GRIFFING, STANFORD UNIVERSITY
Neal Townley Childs, Landscape Architect
Charles Sumner. Architect

GARDEN OF J. V. WOOD, SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA
Neal Townley Childs. Landscape Architect
W. R. Yelland, Architect

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER. 1931

ADESIC:: FTP THE GARDCI! OTMR. JVV.'OOD Stfi JOSE. CA1X BY NOLT. CHILD? L.

GARDEN DESIGN, ESTATE OF J. V. WOOD, SAN JOSE
Neal Townley Childs, Landscape Architect

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

SAN FRANCISC9
PUBLIC LIBRARY

"LOWER GARDEN", RESIDENCE OF NEAL T. CHILDS, ATHERTON
NEAL TOWNLEY CHILDS, DESIGNER AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

"INFORMAL LAWN". GARDEN OF NEAL T. CHILDS. ATHERTON
NEAL TOWNLEY CHILDS, LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER. 1931

THE WW OF THE MIHION jANTA INEZ . (OW.CALIF. WMS 1127. MLWU WW mm.

STUDY FOR RESTORATION OF MISSION GARDEN, SANTA INEZ. CALIF.

NEAL TOWNLEY CHILDS, LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

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STUDY FOR A LOGGIA AND SUNKEN ROCK GARDEN
NEAL TOWNLEY CHILDS. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

LOGGIA AND SUNKEN ROCK GARDEN (Study on opposite page;
NEAL TOWNLEY CHILDS, LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER. 1931

A GARDEN POOL, PRIVATE ESTATE IN SAN MATEO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
NEAL TOWNLEY CHILDS. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER. 1931

THE NUMBER TWO IN ARCHITECTURE

by WILLIAM LEE WOOLLETT, ALA.

Prologue — It is commonly known by observ-
ers of the bee that the nectar from the flowers is
diluted with water by the bees as part of a knead-
ing process; the bee tossing minute masses of the
mixture into the air, as though kneading and airat-
ing at the same time.

So the creative artist should function with the
thoughts which he has in respect to aesthetics.
Metaphysical law is the nector. To dilute this
nectar with a sense of the indeterminate — the
fluidity of all truth, i.e., the relativity of all values,
the sense of a fourth dimension, to maintain a
mental state of flux, tossing our concepts into the
air, always seeing them in the light of a kaleide-
scopic world of half-truth; always kneading and
airating the basic and formal through contact with

E are informed that the symbol
for a quarrel in the Chinese language is
two women under the same roof, the sym-
bol in print looks something like this / /
— a similar symbol meaning a free fight
looks like this / / / — three women under
the same roof.

The idea of a symbol then is quite plain
— a scratch on the paper meaning two un-
der the same roof stands for a quarrel —
you will never forget that symbol, and like-
wise the man never forgets that he has two
hands and two feet. They are for him sym-
bols of action, cooperation, achievement.
These hands inhibit the idea of function in
part because they are two. Also they are
symbols of these ideas because they are
part of a universe of two's, which have the

the new and changing. This is creation, not a for-
mula, but rather a state of mind.

And so in considering the simple categories of
the famous "rule of three" in respect to art and
architecture it is desirable to believe that the pri-
mary metaphysical relations which we are inves-
tigating are not finalities but primer-like state-
ments which must be modified as we have said, by
contact with the ideas of relativity and of series
and progressions and of the fourth dimension.
To create an art out of the antithesis of all of our
present accepted art concepts would be very in-
teresting, some have tried this. The sensation is
something like dancing out of time with the music.
Did you ever try to create a suave beautiful slow
motion in waltz time, to the tune of wild Jazz
music? To choose the essential rhythm out of a
universe of clanging diverse elements is the power
of the artist. The subtle meaning of the "seeming"
— a grandly maneuvering full-rigged ship in the
vortex of a hurricane — this is art.

same significance. The two hands, two
feet, two eyes, etc., are in their significance
as easy and elemental as the idea of unity.

Like the Sherrif of Nottingham — thev
say the Greeks "never made a mistake."
What did the Greeks know about the rela-
tion of numbers to ideas? And of what
significance, if any had the numbers in the
scheme of things architectural? Did the
numbers one, two, three, to the Greek of
antiquity for instance play a part worth
noting? What did the Greeks think about
this number two which we have said in-
hibits the idea of function?

The cornice of the Greek Doric order is
divided into two equal parts. Why? Why
should you divide a surface in such an
inane easy-going manner? As if you wished
to indicate the least possible effort? On the
other hand contemplate that grand impar-

tial suave, motion, the dividing of a thing
in two as God divided the night and the
dav. the sea and the land, the male and the
female, etc.

If you wanted to introduce the idea of
refinement through decoration i.e., by
means of mouldings and carvings, on the
space occupied by the frieze and architrave
of a Greek Temple cornice, how would you
draw a line on this surface so that the
structural feeling in the cornice would be
unimpaired — as to its abstract value — no
quality of size or weight or resisting power
unduly infringed? A vertical division any-
where least of all at the center of the open-
ing, between columns would not do. What
then is the biggest way, the nerveless way,
the "grand manner," if you please, to di-
vide this surface — any surface for that
matter? The answer must come out of ex-
perience. How is a ship divided, by its
keel? How is a mammal divided, by its
backbone? If you wish to retain a perfect
equilibrium — how do you divide a balanced
weight over the fulcrum? How do you
divide the weight on any supported mem-
ber in order to create actual or implied sta-
bilitv? You naturally and inevitablv divide
the loads equally on either side of a sup-
port. This idea of equilibrium, and of the
axial relations i.e., of balance is the static
background of the Greek Orders of Archi-
tecture. This idea is the loins from which
Greek construction springs — just as in a
picture the forms emerge from caverns of
shadow or the steel frame comes from the
laws of applied mechanics.

The evenly divided surface which is
characteristic of the Doric order and ap-
pears elsewhere in Greek Architecture has
undoubtedly a metaphysical origin. The
architrave of the cornice of the Choragic
monument of Lysycrates is divided into
three eaual faces which seems to carry out
the Doric feeling as to the nerveless — im-
passioned qualitv. When one sees a aeo-
metrical or arithmetical Drogression illus-
trated in the varvinq width of surfaces of
the architrave invariably used bv the Ro-
mans and most builders of the Renaissance
periods one wonders just why the even
arrangement of the Greeks was abandoned

for the more picturesque and emotional ar-
rangement. Justly we imagine that some
natural prejudice of the mind is respon-
sible for this variation. If we could discover
the basis of this prejudice we would have
one more key to the power of thought, i.e.,
another law of metaphysics in architecture.

To continue consideration of the place
which the number two occupies. A man is
divided in the middle in the vertical plane
by his backbone, and in the horizontal
plane at the point of joining of trunk with
legs. In the second or other vertical plane
man is unsymetrically divided. Every leaf
of the forest, fish of the sea, animal, insect
and bird has an axial line in at least one
plane. Why should not the Greek cornice
be treated as though it were an organic
entity, be divided on its longitudal axis?
To be sure half of the cornice is full of
ornament and half is left plain, that is quite
like the horizon line — the earth beneath
and the sky above, a symbol of creation.
But notice the subtlety of the Greek cor-
nice— the active or ornamented areas are
in the reverse position to that found in
nature. The horizon line has the open areas
above, i.e., in the sky, whereas in the Greek
cornice the open or plain area is below.
How wonderfully compact are the laws
OF the CORRESPONDENCE in nature!

John "Angle" came back to the realities
of life, the pencil lagged — the far-away
look was gone, he focused on the distant
horizon line. The sun was just coming up.
Our architectural student was really ready
to retire. Symbol of the rising sun! He
thought and continued to write as he
thought. Do you not often see a picture of
the rising sun shown on the horizon line
which indicates the sun as half up? Strange,
why do they almost alwavs show it cut
across the middle? Isn't it the easiest way?
But the moon, why isn't the moon ever
shown on the horizon line? Why is it so
often shown about quarter size — sitting on
its rump? The easiest way to indicate, or
suggest the moon is just that way! Because
contrary wise the symbol of the sun is a
circle. And a star — why is a star more
often shown with five points? Is it not be-
cause a five-pointed star can be made with

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER. 1931

one stroke of the pencil? The star is the
lowest order of pentagon with re-entrant
angles which can be drawn thus. Five
points! Our friend idly moved his pencil —
one, two, three, four, five strokes — a five-
pointed star appeared. Five points is the
smallest number of points which you may
connect with straight lines and produce a
polygon of re-entrant angles. Seven points
is the next highest number of points you
can make into such a polygon with a single
unbroken line, but much more difficult to
accomplish. A six-pointed star must be
made in two operations — two overlapping
triangles, etc.

What has this simple operation of draw-
ing a star to do with the value of two: Let
us begin all over again. The immense sim-
plicity of the idea of duality, as compared
with four, five, six, etc., is intriguing. Men-
tion of three is omitted because as we shall
see, two and three belong with unity in the
same category.

If the architect decides to bring out the
idea of function in his plan he makes one
part for this and one part for that. A plan
of a single room hardly emphasizes the idea
of function, it is a monument, it is all things
to all men. With two parts the question
arises, what is this space for and what
that? The idea of division and sub-division
may go on and on but nothing can be done
which takes you further from unity than to
divide a plan into two equal parts. Any
other number of divisions only serve to
accent the idea of unity in the whole, for
diversity when it gets beyond the number
two is well on the way to expressing unity.
Three of course expressing the maximum
of unity (if that is possible?) and two of
the maximum of disunity. Thus we have
cheek by jowl two and three, each the anti-
thesis of the other in respect to its relation
to unity. This basic metaphysical fact is a
tremendous help in analyzing the parts of
any composition as the proper application
of the values two and three makes it pos-
sible to read instantly the meaning of the
artist. Two is by all odds the noblest num-
ber but how hard to use properly!

However, when you divide the space
into two parts, equal or unequal, there is

automatically comparison, segregation, i.e.,
functional expression. If equal, the infer-
ence is that the functions are the same,
Mere difference suggests difference in
function. Two equal rooms may have, how-
e v e r diametrically different functions.
Three, four, or a larger number of rooms
cannot express diametrically opposite func-
tions. Therefore again to divide anything
in half or two equal parts is to divide in
a manner expressing the greatest differ-
ence with unity.

One conclusion to all of this boresome.
hair-splitting argument is that the idea of
two, of duality is an isolated complete and
satisfying concept, which fuses with the
idea of unity without cism. As corolary of
this idea, observe that there is no such
thing as a two-sided, two-pointed plane
figure. The triangle is a symbol for three,
the square a symbol for four, the pentagon
for a five-sided figure, etc. But we have no
geometric symbol for two. The digit is not
a form in the sense that the equilaterial
triangle and the square is a form. The idea
of two is therefor unique. The concept of
two is what? Is it not the idea of function?

This isolation of two in the series of
numbers lends a distinction and special
significance, a significance which is only
exceeded by the number three. Why is
three? The Trinity, the three graces, three
in all architecture and art composition. We
all know three, breathe three, believe three,
but why? The answer is, why is unity and
why is two? Three is elemental, just as two
is elemental, why do we not know any
more than we know, why every bird and
beast, tree and flower, every creative fac-
ulty and function, has an idea of three
mixed up with it in some fashion, and just
as the idea of two is similarly involved in
a colatteral and different sense. The law
of dimension, which we find in our sense
perception, is the law, one — two — three.

When a friend asked me the other day
why three was such an important number
to architects, I could say only that it had
always satisfied me to know that three ele-
ments were the greatest number which the
mind is willing to accept as a unit, and that
explanation completely satisfies my mind.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER. 1931

However, since that time I have been con-
sidering the question, more particularly —
"Why is three?" I began my investigation
by sketching elevations of the pyramids,
this being to me the simplest known archi-
tectural form. I discovered the three in the
composition, the two bounding lines and
the base line regardless of the point of
view. The section of the pyramid is of
course a triangle, whether you see it in ele-
vation of perspective. You can see one
face, or at most two faces at a time, two-
disclosing incidentally the functional form
of the pyramid. (To get a glorified sense
of three, there should be three pyramids. )

Then I made a sketch of two buildings,
office buildings, just alike, in perspective.
I could see two sides of these buildings.
When I drew a third between the first two
I had them in a group all alike. Then I
thought of the idea of the two on either
side as being functional with the center
building. The sense of belonging which the
perfect symmetry seemed to imply de-
manded my attention. The three alike and
grouped together seemed to demand a uni-
fying sense, an effect which would easily
be enhanced by making the center building
larger than the two on either side. Then I
drew an axis through this larger center
building. After this I made a large center
building and two very small, flanking ones.
The idea of the axis was thereby glorified.
I had discovered a natural prejudice of the
mind, the idea of two, plus the idea of the
axis is interchangeable with the idea of
three. In other words two and the space
between which is necessary to the separate-
ness of the two automatically makes three.
You say why does not four automatically
make seven by the same token — simply be-
cause after three in the ascending scale
we have an entirely different reaction,
four, five, six, etc., being definitely part of
a series or progression except as when seen
as groups of two's and threes. This matter

of series and progression, four and five,
six, etc., do not first of all appeal as vol-
umes, they are processional.

We acknowledge without argument that
three parts in an architectural composition
is satisfying. We must know that two parts
and enough of an implied third mav be
equally pleasing, or more pleasing. And so
we approach the study of one, two. three,
these are the keys, the vision and the wis-
dom are beyond.

Moreover when the idea of a third force
or entity enters the realm of the couple, we
arrive at the idea of balanced values or of
an interpolation and arrangement of fac-
tors rather than a simple division, or com-
plimentary situation which the idea of two
involves. The "I" and the "Not I" and the
idea of function which unites the "I" and
the "Not I." This is also a primal three.

If you wish to eat — soup in the dish,
eggs in the shell — or to consider teeth in
the head; a mouth, a single element con-
sisting of two jaws, two lips — forks,
spoons, knives — all have a business end
and a handle end. The functional idea
easily resolves itself into two.

There can be no functional idea in unity
as such. The idea of one, save as it includes
the ideas of duality and triology means
what? Multiplicity can have no idea of
function, save as it resolves itself into a
functional two and a third signifying direc-
tion.

It would seem then that the first value to
be observed in connection with the idea of
two is the idea of function. The concept of
two's then may be considered the first
aspect of the higher dimension, time. The
first idea which the infant man has is the
'T, and the "Not I" — the ego and the
world without the ego. And as I see it,
this idea of two is co-existent and insep-
arable from the idea of function which
means three.

(Concluded in November Number)

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

MODERNIZING A TWENTY- FIVE YEAR
OLD OFFICE BUILDING

by VINCENT RANEY

N times of depression, when the build-
ing industry is at a low ebb and when
property owners are too conservative to in-
vest in new structures, arguments for mod-
ernizing old buildings have a responsive
appeal, and the opportunities for the archi-
tect to develop his business loom encour-
agingly. If he can convince the owner how
he may place his property on a paying
basis, the architect is certain of a commis-
sion that will at least tide him over until
bigger things develop.

The Atlas Building on Mission Street,
San Francisco, an historic land mark in the
city's skyline, having proved its worthiness
by withstanding the fire and earthquake,
has lately undergone a change of architec-
tural dress that has placed it in a class with
some of the more modern skyscrapers. This
ten story structure, the first to be habili-
tated after the earthquake, is of steel frame
and brick walls.

Even "old man Atlas", (decorative fig-
ure over entrance) who had weathered the
elements for twenty-five years, guarding
the people who used the building, has
given way to modern design. The photo-
graph taken just after the earthquake,
showing the brick shaken from the build-
ing, demonstrates how securely it must
have been built. The original building was
quickly repaired with indifferent materials
(all that were available after the fire), and
now for a third time the structure has been
reclothed.

As far as the history of architecture is
concerned, this building shows the trend

ATLAS BUILDING AFTER THE SAN FRANCISCO
EARTHQUAKE AND FIRE

of the times since its conception. It indi-
cates the "lag" or hesitancy on the part of
the architect to express the real truth. It
reflects the "groping in the dark" which
the profession has passed through in seek-
ing to find an expression for the new meth-
ods of construction. Consequently, it re-
tained all the "ear marks" of the old classic
period in exterior appearance only.

The wide projecting cornices were not
stone, but of wood and metal. The columns
on the facade were plaster and without
structural value. The ferocious looking
"caryitid" lions of cast iron, apparently
supporting the entire structure, lazily
threw the weight to the silent steel col-
umns within the structure, while "old man

ATLAS BUILDING AS IT APPEARED BEFORE
ALTERATIONS

Atlas" labored all these years supporting
nothing more than his cast iron globe.

The owner, desirous of increasing the
income from this property, decided renova-

tion would do the trick and came to the
architect with his problem.

In the light of modern design and econ-
omy, the architect worked out a solution
of refacing the old building which had
weathered the elements for more than a
quarter century. The problem of the archi-
tect was to make the building modern.
Local ordinances required a fire escape and
safety hook for windows. These safety
devices were not considered a necessity at
the time the building was constructed.

Another desirable feature in the con-
struction of the repairs was the use of steel
tub-loc scaffolding. This scaffolding is not
only fireproof but it affords complete visi-
bility at all times.

The work of remodeling was ever a
source of joy to the workers and to the
architect who discovered some astounding
conditions attributed to the speed and
careless methods of those engaged in
earthquake renovation.

Upon the removal of the plaster col-
umns and tin cornices, large pieces of loose
masonry (as much as a cubic yard) were
revealed hanging as if by a thread, ready
to crash to the street below. However,
careful methods eliminated the danger and
the whole job was carried through with
nothing worse than the sprained ankle of
the architect. All the loose masonry was
removed and replaced with well laid brick.
The work of dismantling the cast iron lions
from the facade was akin to forcing a child
to do something he was afraid of, so fear-
ful were the workmen of disastrous re-
sults. Some of the men actually believed
the entire building would come tumbling
down.

After all new construction was in place
the real enjoyment came. With the collab-
oration of the painter and plasterer, a com-
plete outside transformation was accomp-
lished as shown in the picture taken upon
completion of the building. Once again
San Francisco has a modern building de-
signed to express present day styles.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER. 1931

SAN FRANCISCO
PUBLIC LIBRARY

Steel Scaffolding by Patent Scaffolding Company

PROGRESS PICTURE, ALTERATIONS TO ATLAS BUILDING
JOHN V. D. LINDEN, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

F. R. Stegrist, General Con traitor

ATLAS OFFICE BUILDING. SAN FRANCISCO (Alterations complete)
JOHN V. D. LINDEN, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER. 1931

ENGINEERING

CONSTRUCTION

tACKETS RIVETED TO ENDS OF STEEL CHANNEL LAMELLAS AND
BOLTED TOGETHER THROUGH STEEL PLATES

featuring

First Steel Lamella Roof on the Pacific Coast

CLOSE UP OF ROOF CONSTRUCTION. COCO COLA WAREHOUSE
STEEL MEMBERS FIREPROOFED WITH TWO INCHES OF CONCRETE

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER. 1931

LOS ANGELES HAS FIRST STEEL LAMELLA
ROOF ON PACIFIC COAST

HE first steel-framed Lamella roof
on the Pacific Coast has recently been com-
pleted on a two-story, Class A fireproof
warehouse for the Coca-Cola Bottling
Works, Central Avenue, south of Pico
Street, Los Angeles. Only a few other sim-
ilar roofs have been erected in the United
States, among them being one at the Amer-
ican Car & Foundry plant in St. Louis, an-
other at the State Reformatory in Pennsyl-
vania and the third on the Westchester
County Center building at White Plains.
N. Y. Hundreds of Lamella roofs have
been built in this country, but with the ex-
ceptions noted they have all been con-
structed of wood because this type is eco-
nomical and offers a remarkably low fire
hazard, damaged members being easily re-
placed.

A wood Lamella roof was first planned
for the Coca-Cola warehouse, but as the
owners desired to have a strictly fireproof
Class A structure it was decided to use
structural steel, fireproofed in conformity
to the Los Angeles city building code, if it
could be done within a stipulated cost.
This was found to be entirely feasible, the
design working out even more economically
than anticipated. The roof has a clear span
of 70 ft. and is 120 ft. in length, giving
an unobstructed floor area in the second
storv of 8400 square feet.

The building has a reinforced concrete
frame with brick filler walls and reinforced
concrete floors and stairways. The girder
at the roof line encircling the structure is
heavily reinforced, somewhat thicker at
the bottom than the walls and battered on
the inside to receive the steel shoes on
which the outside points of the lower Lam-
ella diamonds rest. To take up the thrust

DETAIL OF STEEL LAMELLA ROOF, COCO COLA
WAREHOUSE, LOS ANGELES

from the roof frame the girders are tied to-
gether transversely with 2-in. steel rods in
pairs anchored to steel plates on the out-
side of the girders and joined in the middle
with turn-buckles. There are seven pairs
of tie rods spaced about seventeen feet
apart. The steel shoes are held firmly in
place by bolts imbedded in the concrete
girder. As these shoes must be in exact
positions the bolts had to be placed very
carefully.

All the steel members of the roof frame
were fabricated in the shop to exact dimen-
sions. The Lamella diamonds are five feet,
four and seven-eighths inches wide and
fifteen feet long. The Lamellas are made
of eight inch steel channels weighing eleven
and one-half pounds to the foot, and are
each seven feet, six inches long. Two steel
brackets are riveted to each end of the
channels. Where the channels converge at
the points of the diamonds they are bolted
to a steel plate, making a rigid connection.

INTERIOR VIEW OF ROOF CONSTRUCTION, SHOWING STEEL TRUSSES
BEFORE ENCASED IN CONCRETE

GENERAL VIEW OF INTERIOR, COCO COLA PLANT. LOS ANGELES,
SHOWING ROOF CONSTRUCTION IN COMPLETED STATE

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

STEEL LAMELLA ROOF. COCO COLA PLANT, LOS ANGELES. THIS ROOF HAS A 70-FOOT SPAN

Details of this construction are shown in
the accompanying pictures.

The roof frame was erected from a wood
scaffold. As each Lamella weighs only
about eighty pounds it was handled with
comparative ease, being supported by false-
work until a sufficient number of bays had
been erected to make them self-supporting.
Erection proceeded very swiftly as every
piece going into the frame fitted accurately
and could be handled by one man. The
actual time required for erection of the steel
was about two and one-half days. Build-
ing and demolition of the scaffolding re-
quired three days.

The total roof area is 9068 square feet.
The frame contains 440 Lamellas and a
total, including tie rods, plates, etc., of ap-
proximately 28 tons of steel.

The frame supports a two inch rein-
forced concrete roof slab and all the steel
members are fireproofed with two inches of
concrete shot into place by a cement gun.
The roof slab rests on four inch steel purlins
spaced thirty inches on centers, and rein-
forced with Steeltex. Concrete is also shot
onto the under side of the purlins. A dia-
mond paneled ceiling of pleasing appear-
ance is the architectural result of the fire-
proofing of the roof frame.

H. T. Miller of Los Angeles is the archi-
tect, Noel M. Calhoun the structural engi-
neer in charge for Wm. P. Neil Companv
Ltd., the builders, and McClintic Marshall
Company of Los Angeles furnished and
fabricated the steel.

GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE FOUNDATION
SAFE, DECLARE EXPERTS

HE San Francisco Chamber of Com-
merce, through its president, Leland
W. Cutler, has issued a statement defining
the policy of the Chamber with respect to
the proposed Golden Gate Bridge to Marin
County. In view of some adverse criti-
cism concerning the construction of the
south pier of the bridge, the following ex-
pert information has been broadcast by
the Chamber.

"Robert A. McKinzie, C. E., has writ-
ten an extensive opinion to the effect that
the foundations for the bridge were not
adequate to support the bridge and under
date of June 8, 1931, concluded his report
as follows:

"1. The evidence thus far obtained, in-
dicates that a foundation pier for the pro-
posed Golden Gate Bridge cannot be
safely built on the rock structure underly-
ing the proposed site of the south pier.

"2. Additional drilling should be done
to the west of the present south pier site
to determine the character of the sub-aque-
ous rock. There is a possibility that satis-
factory footings may be found in that lo-
cality.

"The following five geologists and engi-
neers say that the bridge can be safely built
on the proposed foundations: Andrew C.
Lawson, Consulting Geologist, on June 9,
1931, said:

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

1 . * * The pier will rest upon serpen-
tine and upon no other rock.

"2. Serpentine is a common rock
throughout the Coast Ranges and the
Sierra Nevada, with which I am very fa-
miliar.

"3. The serpentine of the pier site, as
revealed in the drill cores, has the same
physical characteristics as has the serpen-
tine exposed in hundreds of localities
throughout the state, and indeed through-
out the world.

"4. The pressure on this rock at the base
of the pier when in place will be 9 tons or
18,000 pounds per square foot. A cubic
foot of serpentine weighs about 1 56 pounds
and a column of serpentine 116 feet
high would have a pressure of 18,000
pounds on every square foot at the base
of the column. Under the same degree
of confinement as will be true of the foun-
dation of the pier, this type of rock in nat-
ure sustains many times this load. That is,
there are many known masses of serpentine
that have a thickness of many times 116
feet and are perfectly stable.

"5. The experiments conducted at my
suggestion by your Chief Engineer at Fort
Point to determine the strength of the rock
showed that it did not yield under a load
several times that which will be imposed
upon it by the pier.

"6. The position of the south pier near
the edge of a submarine bench with a rather
steep outer slope demands that the founda-
tion should be sunk well into the bench.
The recommendation in my former report
that the cut for this purpose be not less
than 25 feet below the lowest point on the
rim of the cut, takes care of this situation.

"7. Attention is again called to the fact
that, while the serpentine mass has little
tensile strength, and would cave down
readily in mining operations, under the
dead load of the pier and under confine-
ment it will be unyielding for the pressure
imposed, and will have a large margin of
safety. The excavation for the south anch-
orage will in my opinion call for much
greater engineering ingenuity than the

placing of the foundation for the south
pier.

"8. In general I reaffirm the opinion
which I expressed in my former report as
to the adequacy of the foundation to sup-
port the pier as designed, the latter being
sunk in the rocky bench of the sea floor
nowhere less than 25 feet."

Allen E. Sedqwick, Consulting Engi-
neer, Seventh Street Light and Power
Company, Los Angeles, and Consulting
Geologists, City of Los Angeles, Depart-
ment of Water and Power, on June 9. 1 93 1 ,
said:

"Last January. I was commissioned by
the Golden Gate Bridge and Highwav Dis-
trict to make a geologic study and report
on the foundations of the north and south
piers of the proposed Golden Gate Bridge.
The report was filed in February, 1931.

"During the geologic studv I visited the
site of the bridqe and carefullv studied the
neighborhood from every standpoint. I ex-
amined the five cores from the test holes
drilled up to that time and was convinced
that the foundations were adequate for the
loads to be imposed upon them. Please
refer to my report in the files of vour Dis-
trict for full data upon which this opinion
was based.

"Since that time I have received regu-
larly, progress charts of core drilling and
have examined all the cores from the eleven
new test holes. The new cores confirm my
former report.

"The cores show a few streaks of de-
comoosed serpentine which, embedded and
confined in the large mass covered by the
pier, need give no concern.

"Anv serpentine buried over 160 feet in
the hills around San Francisco will be
loaded bevond that beneath the piers. In
the high cliffs facing the ocean where the
load greatly exceeds this amount, the ser-
pentine stands with no evidence of failure
other than that produced by weathering
due to exposure. Bearing tests made by
your District confirm this fact.

"Surface loading unconfined, up to
eight tons per square foot, is now practiced

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

in San Francisco without fear or indica-
tions of failure.

"Subsequent study since filing my report
only confirms the deductions formerly made
that the foundation rocks are entirely ade-
quate to carry the loads that will be im-
posed upon them."

O. H. Ammann, Bridge Engineer, Con-
sultant and Member of Engineering Board;
on June 17, 1931, said:

"Pursuant to the request of the Chief
Engineer, I submit herewith my personal
views relative to the foundation for the San
Francisco pier of the Golden Gate Bridge
based upon the results of the supplement-
ary borings which have just been com-
pleted.

"I have carefully examined the reports of
the results of these borings as they became
available and my confidence in and assur-
ance of the uniformity and adequacy of the
rock structure to carry safely the loads and
forces, including those from earthquake,
which will or may be imposed upon it, has
been affirmed and strengthened by these
results.

"I have read the reports of the Chief
Engineer and of the two consulting geolo-
gists on the supplementary borings and
concur in their conclusions that, as de-
signed, the foundation will be adequate
and safe."

Leon S. Moisseiff. Bridge Engineer,
Consultant and Member of Engineering
Board, on June 16, 1931, said:

"I have studied the results of the dia-
mond drill borings recently made on the
site of the San Francisco main pier and
have examined the cores and material re-
covered. I have also read the reports on
the foundation of this pier by your geolo-
gists, Professor Andrew C. Lawson and

Professor Allan E. Sedgwick, as well as
the report by Mr. R. M. Kinzie.

I find that the site of the pier has been
explored to an extent greater than is usual
for bridge piers and that the results of the
additional borings confirm those obtained
from the preliminary borings. They estab-
lish the uniform character of the serpen-
tine rock forming the foundation for the
pier.

I find this foundation, as well as the
foundation of the north pier, fully ade-
quate and safe to sustain the loads which
the bridge will impose upon them at any
time."

Charles Derleth, Jr.. Bridge Engi-
neer, Consultant and Member of Engineer-
ing Board, on June 15, 1931, said:

"I have been an eye-witness of diamond
drill borings at all foundation sites for the
Golden Gate Bridge. I have studied all
data and all diamond drill cores collected
from our foundations explorations. I have
seen all reports which have been made
upon the foundation rocks and the pier de-
signs for this bridge.

"It is my unqualified and matured judg-
ment that the two tower piers and the two
anchorages are conservatively designed
and fully adequate for their purposes, and
that the rock foundations upon which these
structures rest are amply capable to sus-
tain the loads safely and permanently.

"The Golden Gate Bridge plans for all
major piers require that the foundations
shall be keyed deep into the rock surfaces
to prevent sliding or movement of any
kind. The steel towers are anchored sub-
stantially by steel work into the foundation
masonry to withstand the force of wind
or other lateral vibrations. Likewise the
two cable anchorages are of the gravity
type and are deep seated in the rock masses
which sustain and support them.

"In preparation of plans, both for sub-
and superstructure we have in all cases se-
lected the most substantial methods for
construction."

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER. 1931

The ARCHITECT'S
VIEWPOINT

f A Good Architect Must Possess Wisdom
Jl Plea for Better Architectural Training
f Unification of the Profession

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS

Clarence R. Ward . .

. San Francisco

Carleton M. Winslow

. Los Angeles

Harold W. Doty . . .

Portland, Ore.

Charles H. Alden . .

Seattle, Wash.

flHE complete architect has a live interest in everything that can be built or de-
signed. He accepts the problems that come to him with enthusiasm and
absorbing interest. He is a keen observer of life and manners and reads con-
_ stantly that he may with facility and understanding interpret these problems
into actual structures and into the objects with which they are equipped and adorned.
He fits himself with understanding of what his fellow men think and do that he may
arrange successfully for all their motions of work, play, worship, study and social and
family intercourse.

The architect's problems are ever new and he has to reinforce his general knowl-
edge with more extended understanding every time a new commission is set before him.
By the time he has obtained a mastery of experience and wisdom he is usually con-
strained to pass out of the picture and leave his mantle to rest upon the shoulders of
his younger peers and successors. This he rarely does for, after all is said and done,
the pursuit of architecture follows a lonely road and the complete architect takes his
wisdom and experience with him to his grave.

Early in his experience the architect realizes that the long years of school training
and preparation were just an introduction to the schooling that he must pursue during
his whole career. With secret humility he believes that he started his practice before
he was fully prepared. But having started he must continue on the road chosen for
himself and remain student as well as practitioner indefinitely.

HERE are various ways of entering the portals of the practice of architecture. Many
_ of the most cultured and successful architects, past and present in this country,
were denied the advantages of school experience. Nevertheless, as a general rule, there
is no question but that the right kind of scholastic training is best for the present gen-
eration. The student should have thorough schooling in general subjects and a wide
experience in cultural studies before he begins his actual architectural course. And that
is why the establishment of architectural courses in high schools and junior colleges is a
serious problem and one so far not worked out with marked success. As at present or-
ganized, these high school courses do not and possibly cannot give the necessary
extensive range of fundamental understanding of what it all means. The student elect-
ing to take such a course usually has a penchant for drawing and sometimes a talent
for rendering. He is taught how to make working plans and elevations of a simple
sort, rarely going beyond the problems of a bungalow or store building on a level lot.
Upon completion of such a course he usually goes to work for a builder "who draws

his own plans or into some public works office. If he has real ability or understanding
he may get into the draughting room of a good office and there find out how much he has
to unlearn. Or he may realize that what he has done is a false start and set his course
determinately towards training and experience through right scholastic channels.

Because of the extension of the requirement of registration and license through the
states of the Union and because of the continued stiffening of their examinations, there
has sprung into existence another kind of school which has for its object the training
of men only sufficiently far to enable them to pass the State examinations. At least
that is their promise. The rational objections to such a course in architectural training
are obvious.

|HESE things should be looked into, these problems solved and their difficulties
ironed out. So far as California is concerned, the whole question of architectural
training in high schools and junior colleges should be taken up by a commission com-
posed of carefully chosen architects who are especially interested in school training and
of educators drawn from college and high school sources. The curricula should be re-
vised and established and competent teachers obtained. The course should be cultural
rather than objective in character. Care should be taken that it be of the sort to guide
the earnest student into the right future channels. But emphasis should be laid upon
the fact that such an elementary course cannot be a completing experience. Its main
purpose should be to hold the interest of the youth who feels he has a vocation and to
enlarge the culture of the general student in things architectural.

As to the status of the private architectural school, it is doubtful if such an institu-
tion can be worked out adequately to give the student the complete and varied experi-
ence required. If a school were that extensive it would automatically be a department of
a university.

In the end nothing must be done that will stultify or discourage the ambitious youth
who feels the urge of an architectural career.

NIFICATION of the various professional organizations of the State is under dis-
cussion at the present time and already much has been accomplished to bring the
State Board of Architectural Examiners, the State Association of Architects and the
State Chapters of the American Institute of Architects into better coordination of effort,
the elimination of overlapping and the thorough covering of the field.

These activities have extended beyond the State and many minds are working on
the same problem nationally. The subject has many ramifications not the least of which
is the unification and consolidation of the various State Associations of Architects which
vary in their standards of membership as the professional requirements of the various
States vary in their licensing regulations. The subject will be discussed at the annual
convention of the California State Association of Architects at Riverside this month and
later at Washington by the national American Institute of Architects.

After this problem has been settled it would be well to bring about a conference
between the various professions, such as medicine, divinity and law, engineering in its
many subdivisions, education and political economy, that there be a better understand-
ing of and respect for their various codes of ethics. Conferences, following research and
thorough study would accomplish much for all concerned.
Los Anqeles.

CARLETON M. WINSLOW.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

OCTOBER. 1931

FULL TEXT OF DECISION NULLIFYING LEGALITY
OF DENVER ARCHITECTS' ASSOCIATION

CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER ET AL.
Colorado Supreme Court.
No. 12322
Error to the District Court. City and County of Denver.
Carle Whithead. Albert L. Vogl. and Flovd F. Miles for plaintiff
in error; Thomas H. Gibson. Karl Brauns. and Charles H.
Haines for defendants in error. The City and County of
Denver and its officers ; Gabriel. Mills & Mills for defendant
in error. Allied Architects Association.

Opinion of the Court

Hillard, J. — From a judgment dismissing its
complaint, in which an injunction to restrain the
carrying out of a contract was sought, the plain-
tiff brings error. The parties will be referred to
as in the trial court, by title, or. where necessary
to distinguish between the defendants generally
the Allied Architects Association will be called
the association and the city and county of Denver
and its officers the city.

It appears from the complaint and answers and
from the stipulation of facts upon which the cause
was tried that in November. 1924. the city, in pre-
sumed pursuance of the provisions of its charter
and an ordinance (No. 207. Series of 1924) en-
tered into a contract with the association to (a)
prepare preliminary plans and estimates of costs
for a municipal building and court house, (b) to
prepare all plans and perform all services neces-
sary and required in order that bids might be
received and the contract or contracts let by the
city for the construction of said building, and (c)
to perform all services necessary and required
fully to inspect and supervise all construction in
accordance with the contract or contracts entered
into under (b) for the erection of the complete
building.

The plaintiff asserts the invalidity of the con-
tract upon several grounds but these may be sum-
marized as ( 1 ) that the contract was not let in
accordance with the provisions of the city's char-
ter and (2) that the association was not com-
petent, being a corporation, to practice architec-
ture.

The pertinent sections of the charter (as printed
in Denver Municipal Code. 1927) are as follows:

Sec. 14. There sh:tll be. and hereby is. created a department of
improvements and parks, which shall have full charge and con-

trol of all public improvements and works heretofore under the
board of public works and the commission of improvements. * * '
The Manager of Improvements and Parks shall be the officer in
full charge arid control of said department.

Sec. 15. General Powers and Duties as to Public Improvements:
c * - the board of public works shall have exclusive management
and control of * * • the construction of all buildings for the city
and county except buildings used exclusively for fire or i*>lice
purposes or for hospitals.

Sec. 19. The board shall have full, complete authority * • * to
expend on behalf of the city and county all appropriations made
from the general revenues for the construction of public or local
improvements.

Sec. 28. All contracts for local improvements, and all other
contracts involving expenditure under the direction of the board,
shall be let by the mayor, upon recommendation of the board,
without any action of the council, except in the passage of the
original ordinance authorizing the improvement or contract-;. AH
such contracts shall be let to the lowest reliable and responsible
bidder, aftei public advertisement by the board for not less than
1" days in some newspaper of general circulation, published in
the city and county. Any other mode of letting such contracts
shall be illegal and void and no contract shall be made without
a bond for faithful performance, with sufficient surety or sureties,
to be approved by the board, and no other surety than a surety
company, approved by the board and mayor, shall be accepted.

Distinguishing Features Cited
The association is a corporation, organized un-
der the provisions of sections 2413-2417, C. L. .21 .
relating to cooperative associations. The only fea-
ture which distinguishes it from ordinary business
corporations is certain restrictions upon member-
ship and participation in profits. The articles are
dated, or were subscribed, on June 2. 1924. and
were filed on November 21, 1924. in the office of
the Secretary of State. The purposes of the asso-
ciation are stated to be. in general terms, the ad-
vancement of the art of architecture; to secure, by
professional cooperation and collaboration of all
its members, for municipalities, counties and gov-
ernments the highest expression of the art of ar-
chitecture in the designing and construction of
public buildings and improvements: to secure for
the benefit of its members the assistance of com-
petent and skillful architects, draftsmen, engi-
neers, etc.: to erect a building for its own pur-
poses: to borrow money, and to do generally any-
thing of like kind.

No restrictions as to membership are found in
the articles and only by implication in the by-laws
is membership limited to licensed architects. So far
as the articles are concerned, therefore, the asso-
ciation is no different than any business corpora-
tion and it might, in the process of its development,
become entirely owned and controlled by persons

other than architects. So far as the by-laws are
concerned it may be that only licensed architects
are to be received as members but obviously these
may be amended at any time to permit the recep-
tion of other persons. By the stipulation of facts
it is agreed that at the time of the execution of
the contract all of the members of the association
were licensed architects but that the association
itself was not licensed.

At the outset it will be well to determine the
right of the plaintiff to maintain its action for the
city has vigorously asserted that it had no such
right. The primary purpose of the action was to
restrain, as unlawful, the payment by the city and
its officers of any money to the association. It is
admitted that the plaintiff is a taxpayer and such
being the fact we entertain no doubt that it had
the right to sue to restrain the payment of funds
to which it had been and would be obliged to
contribute to persons not lawfully entitled to re-
ceive the same. Certainly if the contract contra-
vened the terms of Section 28 of the Charter the
suit was proper, and it would also seem that if
the association could not lawfully enter into the
contract because of defects inherent in itself at
least further payments to it should be restrained.
Leckenby v. The Post Co.. 65 Colo. 443. 176 Pac.
490; Elkins v. Milliken, 80 Colo. 135. 249 Pac.
655; Denver v. Pitcher, 54 Colo. 203. 129 Pac.
1015.

Reasons for Forming Association

The circmustances leading up to the making
of the contract between the city and the associa-
tion may furnish some light upon our inquiry.
The complaint charges that the association was
formed for the sole purpose of entering into the
contract and some basis for this is to be found
in the association's by-laws, for these, unlike its
broad articles, limit the activities, or "paramount
purpose'' as it is therein termed, "to secure for
and to provide the county and city of Denver
with the highest and best expression of the pro-
fession of architecture, in the design and con-
struction of the proposed city hall and court house
building. No other commission or employment
may be undertaken by the association without an
approval vote first being had from the member-
ship * * *."

The complaint further charges that the pur-
pose of organizing the association was to stifle
and prevent competition in the matter of the serv-

ices contracted to be furnished. The stipulation
of facts admits that prior to Nov. 21. 1924. the
date of the filing of the articles of incorporation,
the defendant mayor met and tentatively agreed
with a number of Denver architects that the as-
sociation should be formed and that it should
be the architect for the proposed municipal build-
ing. Whether or not it was agreed what com-
pensation should be paid does not appear but
the ordinance above referred to recites in full a
contract which the council, whether in proper ex-
ercise of its powers or not it is unnecessary to
determine, authorized the mayor and clerk to sub-
scribe in behalf of the city.

This ordinance was introduced immediately
after the incorporation of the association, passed
by the council on Dec. 1. 1924, and approved by
the mayor on Dec. 3. 1924. By its terms the asso-
ciation was to receive for the services mentioned
in (a) above, two-fifths of 6 per cent of the total
cost of the building, for (b) two-fifths, and for
(c) one-fifth, with provision for additional com-
pensation of cost plus 10 per cent for services re-
quired by the city because of changes in plans
or the like.

We shall not presume to place a construction
on the acts so charged and those admitted to have
been done except to say that we can not, in view
of our belief that the contract was unlawful and
illegally entered into approve such methods of
conducting the business of municipalities.

The argument of the association and of the
city is. of course, that the city may contract for
the services of an architect without complying
with the requirement that bids must be called
for before a contract can be entered into, and
this view was adopted by the court below. In
his opinion the learned trial judge finds that it
was not "possible or practicable to make such a
preliminary contract the subject of general com-
petition." No reason for this statement appears
and we are doubtful if it be entirely sound for
very frequently competitions are entered into by
architects to make designs and plans for munici-
pal and other public buildings and we know of
no rule that would prevent such architects offer-
ing supervisory services at rates less than those
agreed upon between the city and the association
here.

Neither does the statement take into considera-
tion the words "reliable" and "responsible" used
in section 28, for it would seem that if proper

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER. 1931

significance be given those words it would be
entirely possible for the city to obtain the very
finest of architectural service upon bids. Further
inquiry into this phase is, however, unnecessary
for, as will appear, the reason for the rule is not
present and hence the rule must fail also. As was
well said by Justice Butler in Roll v. Davis.
85 Colo. 594, 277 Pac. 767, "As in the circum-
stances presented by the record, the reason for
the rule invoked by counsel is absent, the rule
itself, if it ever had any existence in this State,
would not apply to this case."

The reason for the rule that an exception in
favor of architects must be read into the plain
language of section 28 is, counsel say, that com-
petitive bidding statutes cannot be rationally ap-
plied to contracts for the employment of architects
because the value of such services depends not
upon the amount of money to be paid but upon
the selection of the person by the exercise of a
wise and unhampered discretion in the one seek-
ing such services, for the qualities of reputation
and personal and professional trustworthiness are
paramount.

Has that rule application here, even if we were
to adopt it? We think not, for in the case at bar,
the very elements so much to be desired in the
person employed are not found. The city did not
employ one or two or any number of architects;
it employed a corporation itself not licensed. True
some apparently very able architects are members
of the association and are said by counsel to have
been or are engaged in the present construction
of the building, but how long they were or will
be is a matter not in the hands of the city but in
the hands of the association. Without let or hind-
rance from the city the most incompetent of ar-
chitects may tomorrow be admitted to member-
ship in the association and the next day be the
sole arbiter of the completion of the building.
Naming of Architects

He may indeed be the very architect who would
have made the lowest bid if bids had been taken
(excluding from consideration the words "reli-
able" and "responsible" ) and the very person,
therefore, to prevent whose competition it was
determined that bids should not be had and the
rule invoked which is above set forth. It seems to
us too plain for argument that the city has sig-
nally failed to exercise wise and unhampered dis-
cretion in seeking such services for the qualities of
reputation and personal and professional trust-

worthiness may disappear and not through failure
in that regard on the part of the gentlemen with
whom the city originally contracted but through
the absence of such qualities in those of whom
the membership of the association may at a given
time be composed.

We are not unmindful, in this respect, that the
contract provides that the personnel of the asso-
ciation's directors, officers, advisory architect, and
chairman of the principal committees shall not be
changed without the consent of the Mayor, but
there is nowhere to be found any provision that
those men are to perform the contract or have
anything to do with it, or is there anything to
prevent the resignation of any of them. The voice
of the contract is that instead of the city naming
the architects who shall design and construct its
building it has agreed that the association shall
name them.

A decision (A-28907) of the Comptroller Gen-
eral of the United States given on Oct. 28, 1929.
to the Commissioners of the District of Columbia
discloses a similar situation and is an admirable
expression of our own views. The question was
whether under Section 3709, Revised Statutes of
the United States, the Commissioners might, with-
out advertising, enter into a contract with The
Allied Architects, Inc., for architectural and pro-
fessional services.

Section 3709 provides that:

All purchases and contracts for supplies or services, in any of the De-
partments of the Government, except for personal services, shall be made
by advertising a sufficient time previously for proposals respecting the
same, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate delivery
of the articles, or performance of the sen-ice. * * *

The articles and by-laws of The Allied Archi-
tects, Inc., are very similar to those of the Asso-
ciation. The Comptroller said:

It is not questioned that a corporation may contract for a character of
services that may be classetl as personal, but that does not bring the
corporation within a character of personal service contracting that is the
exception to the requirements of section 3709 of the Revised Statutes for
contracting without advertising. Chief Justice Marshall, in the famous
Dartmouth College Case, 4 Wheaton, 518, said that: "A corporation is
an artificial being, invisible, intangible and existing only in contemplation
of tin law. Being the mere creature of the law, it possesses only such
properties which the charter of its creation confers upon it, either ex-
pressly or as incidental to its very existence-''

That is in say, the corporation is a separate and distinct legal entity
fmm its shareholders. United States v. Strang. 254 U. s. 491. Clearly
the type of personal service authorized by section 3709. Revised Statutes,
to be employed without advertising, is the services of individuals a- such
.oid with direct personal responsibility, and it appears equally clear that
the type of servce The Allied Architects, Inc.- "an artificial being, in-
visible, intangible and existing only in contemplation of law" is Or-
ganized to render is not such service. Whatever personal sen ice may
enter into the product of The Allied Architects, Inc., is rendered through
lie mediatory of the corporation and not directly by the corporation as
Mich

"However, it is noted that in the form of contract tendered by the cor-
poration, ii is proposed to pledge itself to furnish the services of three
architects named therein. Tile naming of particular architects whom the
corporation will select to perform the services, docs not hind them as in-
dividuals nor mike the contract other than that of the corporation- -
Otherwise the contract would come to nothing more than agreeing the
corporation may name the architects instead of the Commissioners select-
ing them.

And so, also, if it be urged that the Commissioners are selecting and
employing architects, then the contract with the corporation as an in-

T11E ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER. 1931

termediary is unnecessary. Furthermore, there ha^ been submitted noth-
ing to show authority in the corporation to pledge the services of such
architects — even though they be stockhloders of the corporation, But
even if it be considered that the fact the architects are stockholder- in
the corporation confers on the corporation, under the by-laws lite au-
thority to so pledge and bind the architects in question, nothing would
be gained by such an indirect route to accomplish what appear- d.--uvd
by the Commissioners — the personal services of the particular architects
named in the proposed contract and, as stated, the contracting with the
corporation as an intermediary would serve no useful purpose.

It may be stated further that section 3709, Revised Statutes, origi-
nated in the Act of March 2, 1S61, 12 Stat. 220, at the time in tin-
development of corporate history when the organization of a corpora-
tion by architects through which to pool their individual training, exper-
ience and skill unknown to the law. The personal services referred to in
said section to be obtained without advertising, are services rendered by
an individual directly to the Government, which services are to be ob-
tained under the subsequent Civil Service Laws and in accordance with
the Classification Act, except where specific authority is granted, as in
the public resolution approved June 15, 1929, to secure the services
otherwise. See 15 Op. Atty. Gen. 538; 6 Corp. Gen. 259; 9 id. 67.
Section 3709, Revised Statutes permits contracting without advertising
with a person who is to render the personal service but it does not per-
mit contracting without advertising with an intermediary corporation
such as The Allied Architects, Inc., which in turn is to secure the sere-
ces of individuals to render through the corporation such personal serv-
ice as is in question here.

Divisions o[ Contract

As will be observed the contract is divided into
three parts. The one above designated as (c)
requires the association to "perform all services
necessary and required to fully inspect and sup-
ervise all construction in accordance with the con-
tract or contracts entered into under (b) for the
erection of the complete building." The plaintiff
urges that this clause calls only for the services of
a superintendent of construction and that such
services must be obtained by bid. The defend-
ants assert that as a matter of fact a great deal
of professional skill enters into the services con-
templated by that clause and quote from the con-
tract entered into with the company that is en-
gaged in construction of the building.

We have examined that contract and it seems
to us that the services there mentioned are prop-
erly a part of (a) and (b) and not of (c). That
being our view the case of Colorado Springs v.
Coray, 25 Colo. App. 460, 139 Pac. 1031. is in
point. That was a suit on a quantum meruit to
recover the value of services as superintendent of
construction of a city hall, and the act involved
was Sec. 16, page 383, Laws 1891. That section
provided that: "All work done by the city in the
construction of works of public improvement of
every kind, shall be done by contract (let) to the
lowest responsible bidder, upon open bids, after
ample advertisement." The Court of Appeals
held that the act required bids for such services
and that the employment of the superintendent
having been made without bids was void. At
page 475 the court said:

"There is no apparent necessity for exempting
superintendents of construction from the statutory
rule. It is a matter of common knowledge among

people who deal in such matters, that architects
and engineers of unquestioned ability and high
reputation frequently, if not usually, offer their
services as superintendents of construction upon
a percentage of the contract price or upon some
other basis.

And it will be observed that as in section 28
of the Denver Charter, so in the Act of 1891.
the word "responsible" occurs, which modifies the
effect of the word "lowest" and allows the exer-
cise of that discretion thought to be so desirable
in the securing of the services of architects and
superintendents.

If it still be urged, however, that architectural
services are to be included under (c) then the
answer is to be found in Dalby v. Longmont, 81
Col. 271, 256 Pac. 310. Dalby was employed to
superintend the finishing of a reservoir, he to fur-
nish his own machinery and tools. The contract
with him was rescinded and the question was
whether his employment was valid. At the time
the contract was entered into chapter 236, Laws
1921, providing that in works of public improve-
ment cities shall not be required to obtain bids
for technical and professional assistance, etc., was
in effect, but this court held that the contract was
invalid by reason of the lack of bids because
Dalby's work was "at least not wholly technical,
or professional, because he was to employ and did
employ his own machinery and tools and was to
be and was supervised by city officials."

Applied to the facts here that rule seems salu-
tary, for it would be an easy matter else to evade
the charter by the simple means of introducing a
small item of professional service into a contract
otherwise requiring the obtaining of bids. And
so far as the question of supervision by city offi-
cials is concerned it is to be noted that here in
the plans and specifications furnished to bidders
on the contract to construct the building it was
specifically set forth that "It is understood and
agreed that the exclusive management and con-
trol of the construction of said building is, by
the Charter of the City and County of Denver,
expressly vested in the Manager of Improvements
and Parks, and that thereunder all orders, certifi-
cates, plans and specifications are subject to and
dependent upon his approval, for their validity."

Provision of Contract

That the contract falls within the doctrine of
Colorado Springs v. Coray. supra, is made clearer

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER. 1931

by quoting from one of its provisions. Article
IV is as follows:

The Architects shall fully supervise the construction of said Building,
and will. to the best of their ability, safeguard the Owner against defects
and deficiencies in materials and work and against noncompliance by any
contractor with the terms of the contract.

The Architects agree to employ, and to assume the expense of such
competent building superintendent, who shall work under

the direct i The Architects and who shall give constant supervision

to all work under construction in the building. The employment of said
building superintendent shall be made subject to the approval of the
Mayor of the City and County of Denver, and the said Mayor shall have
tin- power of dismissal of said building superintendent, in which event
The Architects shall immediately employ, subject to the approval of the

said May mother building superintenndent, whose duties shall be those

above mentioned, and in the event they should fait to make said ap-
pointment lor a period of not to exceed five (5) days, said appointment
shall be made by the Mayor, at the expense of The Architects, which
they hereby assume and agree to pay; and The Architects will not be
relieved of any responsibility by the .Mayor making this appointment.

From this it will be seen that the services of a
"competent building superintendent," not neces-
sarily an architect, is to be furnished, and thus,
for two reasons, the contract is bad. First, for
the reasons upon which the Comptroller General
based his conclusions and which we approve, and,
second, because in any event competitive bids for
such service must be had.

It is our conclusion, upon this phase, that (c)
plainly contemplates services for which bids must
be received under the charter.

We turn now to the question of the right of
the association to engage in the practice of archi-
tecture at all. The provisions of the statutes (Sec-
tions 4679-4695) governing architects are not free
from ambiguity. It is argued that because, in
section 4692, it is provided that "Any person, firm
or corporation engaged in the planning or super-
vision of the erection * * * of buildings for oth-
ers * * * shall be regarded as an architect * * *."
and that because, in Section 4691, as amended, it
is provided that a fine shall be imposed upon any
person, firm or corporation practicing architec-
ture without a license, that the Legislature has
given its approval to the practice of architecture
by corporations. But we are not of opinion that
any such result necessarily follows, for other sec-
tions, relating to qualifications and examinations,
necessarily exclude such a motion.

We do not wish to be thought to say that the
Legislature may not permit the granting of lic-
enses to corporations, but to say that we are of
opinion it has not done so. But counsel for de-
fendants say that in the first place all the mem-
bers of the association are licensed and that in
the second place the association is really a part-
nership. The answer to the latter assertion is that
the association is a corporation by the voluntary
choice of its organizers. The answer to the first
assertion is to be found in our decision in People

v. Painless Parker Dentist, 85 Colo. 304, 275 Pac.
928, where at page 313, Justice Campbell said:

"It is however, altogether clear that the inhi-
bition of the statute against the practice of dent-
istry in this State is applicable not only to nat-
ural persons, but it applies as well to an artificial
person or a corporation, because, in the very nat-
ure of things, the corporation cannot meet the
conditions upon which the right to license de-
pends, and no one, whether an ordinary person
or an artificial being, is entitled to practice unless,
among other requirements, he first secures a lic-
ense from our State Board of Dental Examiners.

"The many other arguments and suggestions
of defendants counsel need not be considered. It
would be a strange result to reach for a court to
hold that because a private corporation cannot
pass an examination and furnish a good moral
character therefore it is not within the inhibition
of the statute and may freely and without restric-
tion engage in the practice of dentistry in this
State without a license, whereas a citizen of this
State, a human being may not possess or acquire
the right to practice dentistry in this State unless
he first procures a license therefor. The statute is
broad enough to include both a human being or
an artificial being, a private corporation."

We hold, therefore, that the association actu-
ally unlicensed, is as the law now is, incapable
of becoming a licensed architect, and was incom-
petent to contract to furnish architectural services.

For the foregoing reasons the judgment is re-
versed and the cause remanded with instructions
to proceed in harmony with the views here ex-
pressed.

Justice Butler dissents.

DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE
An exhibition of residence architecture, fea-
turing the work of Paul Williams, architect, was
held last month in the Architects Building Mater-
ial Exhibit, Fifth and Figueroa Streets, Los An-
geles. Examples of the early California type of
architecture, showing the adaptability of this style
to homes of all sizes, was included in the dis-
play.

Outstanding in this collection of photographs,
renderings and sketches, are those of the E. L.
Cord residence, now under construction in Bev-
erly Hills. This home is said to be an unusually
fine example of the Southern Colonial style of
architecture.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER. 1931

mln t£e ar^hiTecTj

HOLLYWOOD ARCHITECTS MEET
Re-election of the officers of the Architects'
League of Hollywood who served during the past
year was recommended by the nominating com-
mittee, consisting of M. L. Barker, chairman;
Walter Fuesler and J. Robert Harris, in a report
submitted at a meeting September 23. The an-
nual election of the League was held October 7.
The officers are: L. G. Scherer. president; V. B.
McClurg, vice-president; J. A. Murrey, secretary-
treasurer; directors, M. L. Barker, Ralph Flewel-
ling, John Roth, James T. Handley and Donald
F. Shugart.

RESIDENCES AND STORES
Ray Keefer, 770 Wesley Avenue, Oakland,
reports considerable activity in residence work.
He has lately completed plans for a house on
Sunnyhill Road, Oakland, for E. Wells and a
one story building on Lakeshore Avenue, Oak-
land, for Lionel Hoge; also, a two story stucco
dwelling in Berkeley View Terrace for G. S.
Mushet, and a brick store building at Lake Port
and Rand Avenue, Oakland. A. L. Herberger is
associated with Mr. Keefer.

BERKELEY RESIDENCE
With the return of better business conditions,
Dr. Marshall C. Cheney, a member of the medi-
cal staff at the University of California Infirmary,
plans to erect a Mediterranean style home on
his recently acquired property. Tunnel Road,
Berkeley. Preliminary plans for the house have
been prepared by Dr. Cheney's brother, Charles
H. Cheney of Palos Verdes Estates. Olmstead
Brothers will do the landscape work.

GROUP OF DWELLINGS
The firm of Kirnan and O'Brien is investing
$250,000 in developing property adjoining Sutro
Heights, San Francisco, with one and two story
dwellings, plans for which are being prepared by
Albert H. Larsen, 447 Sutter Street, San Fran-
cisco. The houses will vary in cost from $5,000
to $15,000 each. The program calls for a total
of 187 dwellings, 80 of which will be one story
and the remainder two story abodes.

L. G.

Angeles,
dwelling
Johnston
and will
and com
and pine
gas unit

BOHEMIAN CLUB BUILDING
The new San Francisco Bohemian Club build-
ing, being designed by Lewis P. Hobart, is to
be of brick construction, somewhat similar in
color to the old building. Plans for the $500,000
structure are expected to be ready for contractors
to figure before the end of the year.

TWELVE ROOM HOUSE

Scherer, 1510 N. Vermont Avenue, Los
has completed plans for a two-story

to be built in Holmby Hills for Todd
. The building will contain twelve rooms

be of frame and stucco construction; tile
position roof, hardwood floors, hardwood

trim, automatic storage water heater, and

heating system.

ARCHITECT TO BUILD HOME

Clarence Cullimore, architect, of Bakersfield,
has completed plans and awarded the contract
for a Spanish-Colonial house for himself, to be
built on the northwest corner of Oleander Ave-
nue and 1st Street, Bakersfield. at an approxi-
mate cost of $20,000. Construction will be of
adobe bricks.

BERKELEY Y. M. C. A. ADDITION
A contract has been let to David Nordstrom,
354 Hobart Street, Oakland, to build a two story
brick addition to the Y. M. C. A. building on
Milvia Street, near Alston Way, Berkeley, from
plans by W. H. Ratcliff, Jr. The improvements
will give the members larger gymnasium space.

BERKELEY POST OFFICE ADDITION
The Supervising Architect at Washington,
D. C, has completed plans for a $150,000 addi-
tion to the Berkeley post office building. The
annex will face on Milvia and Kittredge Streets.
Bids are now being advertised.

STATE CONVENTION
The third annual convention of the State Asso-
ciation of California Architects at Riverside, Octo-
ber 1 Oth and 1 1 th, was attended by about 300
members. The address of Robert H. Orr. presi-
dent, was an outstanding feature of the meeting.
The 1932 convention will be held at Monterey.
Albert J. Evers of San Francisco was chosen presi-
dent. A complete list of the new officers appears
on page 84 in this issue.

CORRECTION
In announcing the theater work in the office
of Walker & Eisen, Limited. Los Angeles, the
name of C. A. Balch. associated, was inadvert-
ently omitted in news reports in recent issues of
The Architect and Engineer. The work for
the United Artists Theaters is being handled by
Walker & Eisen. Ltd., and C. A. Balch. associ-
ated architects, as a separate and distinct organ-
ization from Walker & Eisen.

ARCHITECTS MOVE

Natt Piper and George W. Kahrs. have moved
to 1224 Linden Avenue. Long Beach.

John Hollands has moved to 307 South Weth-
erly Drive, Beverly Hills.

Robert Vincent Derrah has moved to 454
Smithwood Avenue. Beverly Hills.

Charles F. Whittlesey is now at 1616 South
Vermont Avenue, Los Angeles.

Postle & Postle have moved to 1144 South
Grand Avenue, Los Angeles.

Paul C. Pape's new address is 6758 Milner
Road. Los Angeles.

}. Thomas Payne has moved to 1261 North
55th Street. Los Angeles.

Raphael A. Nicolais has moved to 5225 Wil-
shire Boulevard, Los Angeles.

Karl W. Muck has moved to the Architects'
Building. Los Angeles.

Edward L. Mayberry has moved to 342 South
Flower Street. Los Angeles.

Russell E. Collins is now at 310 West 7th
Street. Los Angeles.

John E. Dinwiddie has opened an office for
the practice of architecture at 224 Underwood
Building. San Francisco. Mr. Dinwiddie's tele-
phone number is E.xbrook 4670.

SAN JOSE SUBWAY
The contract has been awarded for a subway
under The Alameda. San Jose, for the Southern
Pacific Company, from plans by W. H. Kirk-
bride, company engineer. This is the second of
several similar subways to be built under the
railroad tracks and made necessary by a change
of route of the main line. The company is to
have a new depot, plans for which are being pre-
pared by the railroad s architect.

SAN MATEO STORE BUILDING
A one story reinforced concrete and terra cotta
store building is planned for Second Avenue and
B Street, San Mateo, for Markel Brothers. Bids
have been taken by the architects. Edwards &
Schary, 550 Montgomery Street. San Francisco.
the approximate cost being S65.000. There will
be a total of eight stores.

TREICHEL AND GOODPASTOR BUSY
New work in the office of Treichel and Good-
pastor, architects, Oakland, includes a one story
steel frame and hollow tile market. Telegraph
Avenue and Ward Street. Berkeley, a group of
houses in San Mateo County for Cleveland
Smith, and a house at Palo Alto for E. R. Hin-
rich.

REMODEL MARKET BUILDINGS
Plans have been completed by William H.
Weeks. Underwood Building. San Francisco, for
modernizing several market buildings owned by
the City Properties. Inc. One of the markets is
at Watsonville. another in Oakland and a third
in Petaluma.

CITY MANAGER
Charles Edson Douglas of Long Beach has
been elected city manager of Glendale. He served
in the engineering corps in the World War. being
mustered out with rank of major. He was city
manager of Lawton. Okla.. Newport News. Va..
and Dubuque. Iowa.

MARRIED
Ellis Wing Taylor, architect, of Los Angeles,
was married to Miss Anne Cornwall, noted
screen star, at Yuma. Ariz., several weeks ago.
The groom is associated with his brother. Edward
Cray Taylor, in architectural practice.

the architect and engineer

OCTOBER. 1931

LOS ANGELES BUILDING NOTES
C. A. Balch. Film Exchange Building, has pre-
pared sketch plans for a new commercial build-
ing to be erected at the northwest corner of
Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street for Sol
Lesser.

Aubrey St. Clair. 432 Athens Street. Pasadena,
has presented sketches to the Laguna Beach city
council for a city hall to be built adjoining the
fire station, Laguna Beach.

San Clemente grammar school board has been
petitioned to call a special election for the pur-
pose of submitting a $30,000 bond issue, a por-
tion of which would be used for the addition of
two rooms to the grammar school and the im-
provement of school grounds.

Myron Hunt and H. C. Chambers, 1107 Cali-
fornia Reserve Building, have prepared sketches
for an addition to the Eagle Rock Presbyterian
church to provide additional room for the Sun-
day school departments.

Firestone Tire & Rubber Company will erect
a battery factory adjoining its tire manufactur-
ing plant at Manchester Avenue and Alameda
Street, South Gate, Los Angeles. Curlett & Beel-
man designed the tire factory. The equipment
will represent an investment in excess of $100,000.

FILM EXCHANGE
Plans have been prepared by A. H. Knoll,
architect, Hearst Building. San Francisco, for a
two story reinforced concrete film exchange for
Theodore RulfF. The contract has been let to
G. P. W. Jensen, 320 Market Street, San Fran-
cisco, for approximately $20,000.

RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL
G. Stanley Wilson, 3646 Ninth Street, River-
side, has been commissioned by the Riverside
county supervisors to prepare plans for a two-
room addition to the psychopathic ward at the
Riverside county hospital.

SACRAMENTO Y. W. C. A.
Working drawings are being prepared by
Charles F. Dean, Sacramento, for a three story
Spanish style club building for the Y. W. C. A.
The cost is estimated at $145,000.

1931 Competitions — Conventions

November 1 7 — Closing date for competition
for a Roadside Commercial group. Santa
Barbara. Address Miss Pearl Chase.
Chairman, Plans and Planting Branch.
C. A. A., 929 Paseo Carrillo, Santa
Barbara, California.

December 1 — Closing date for entries in
1931 Better Homes in America Com-
petition. Address Better Homes in
America, 16 5 3 Pennsylvania Ave.,
Washington, D. C.

1932

January 25-29 — Second International Heat-
ing and Ventilating Exposition, Cleve-
land. In conjunction with annual meet-
ing of American Society of Heating and
Ventilating Engineers.

1933 — "A Century of Progress," Interna-
tional Exposition at Chicago.

ARCHITECTS' WORK EXHIBITED
The work of Marston and Maybury, architects,
of Pasadena, was on display the first two weeks
of this month at the Architects Building, Fifth and
Figueroa Streets, Los Angeles. Many well known
examples of California architecture, including the
J. J. McCarthy residence in Pasadena and the
home of Mrs. Helen D. Chandler in Altadena,
were shown, besides photographs of a few of their
semi-public buildings.

OPENS LOS ANGELES OFFICE
Karl W. Muck has severed his connection with
the County of Los Angeles as their architect and
has opened an office for the practice of architec-
ture in the Architects' Building, Los Angeles. It
is Mr. Muck's intention to specialize in public
institutional buildings.

HILLSBOROUGH COUNTRY HOME
Gordon B. Kaufmann. architect, Union Bank
Building, Los Angeles, has completed drawings
for a $40,000 country house for Matt A. Harris
at Hillsborough, San Mateo County.

VETERANS' MEMORIAL BUILDING
Davis-Pearce Company, Stockton, have been
commissioned to prepare plans for a Veterans'
Memorial Building. Santa Cruz, estimated to cost
$60,000.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

BUILDING CONGRESS COMMITTEE

A temporary executive committee to function
in connection with the Building Congress of Cali-
fornia has been appointed as follows:

Ownership — Clarence Holmes of the Office
Building Owners and Managers Association;
George Stimmel of the Crocker Estate Co.

Investment — H. R. Gaither, California Bankers'
Association; Wm. Bouton, vice-president of the
Building and Loan League and president of the
Standard Building and Loan Association.

Supply — G. Rv Kingsland of the Otis Elevator
Co., Chas. M. Gunn of Gunn-Carle & Co.

Architects — F. H. Meyer and A. J. Evers.

Engineers — C. H. Snydtr and H. J. Brunnier.

Contractors — John Cahill and H. J. Christen-
sen.

Sub-Contractors — Wm. H. George, president
of the San Francisco Builders' Exchange and
E. J. G. Kennedy of the Pacific Manufacturing
Co.

Related — C. J. Struble, California Land Title
Association, Oakland, and J. Lester Miller.
Building Industries Association of San Jose.

ARCHITECT SEEKS COMPENSATION

Edgar A. Mathews, architect, of San Francisco,
who designed the original manual training build-
ing at the Sacramento High School which was
destroyed by fire recently, has demanded of the
Sacramento Board of Education that it compen-
sate him for the use of his plans in the reconstruc-
tion of the building.

At its last meeting the school board instructed
Chas. C. Hughes, superintendent of schools, to
notify Mr. Mathews that his plans have not been
used in designing the new structure.

Jens C. Petersen, was employed to draw the
plans and the board claims the new building, now
being erected, differs in many particulars from
the original structure designed by Mathews.

C. H. SKIDMORE
Chas. Henry Skidmore, architect, died suddenly
from a heart attack in a San Francisco hotel last
September 19. Mr. Skidmore was a native of San
Mateo and was 60 years old. He was a graduate
of St. Mary's College and for a time was em-
ployed in the office of the late Willis Polk. He
had lived in Berkeley for 30 years.

ANENT LLOYD WRIGHT CRITICISM
(From the San Francisco Chronicle)

San Francisco architects refuse to joust with
words against Frank Lloyd Wright, Chicagoan,
for his criticism of California home architecture.

Wright, noted for years as a foe of the mod-
ern skyscraper, said in a New York interview
that the "houses in California — Mexican. Hispanic
and Hopi — are more atrocious than the sky-
scrapers in New York.''

Generally they thought Wright was entitled to
his opinion, and they would continue to hold to
theirs. Irving Morrow said the Chicago archi-
tect's "judgment of California architecture was
justified in a great measure."

But Bernard R. Maybeck thought architecture
should be considered from the standpoint of the
individual's tastes.

"The Mexican,'' he said, "has certain dreams,
and these dreams he tries to fulfill in the design
of his home.

"Paris is a city of architectural beauty to the
Parisians. To Americans it soon becomes tire-
some."

Wright wars on the modern skyscraper as not
a thing of beauty — as a product of the steel en-
gineer instead of the architect, a framework cov-
ered with masonry.

On this Timothy L. Pflueger disagrees, from
an economical standpoint. Copper and glass-cov-
ered buildings, advocated by Wright on esthetic
grounds, do not stand up as well as the stone of
concrete covered steel frameworks. Pflueger says.

All of the architects agreed that Wright was
an outstanding leader in a new field.

"Of its kind," Maybeck said, "the work he is
doing is far ahead of anything done by architects.
We must respect him for that."

Julia Morgan, one of the few successful women
architects in the world, confined her comment on
Wright's criticism of California architects to these
six words:

"Probably he was not feeling well."

HIGH SCHOOL ADDITION
Marsh, Smith S Powell, Architects Building,
have been commissioned by the Los Angeles
board of education to prepare plans for a 16-unit
addition to be erected at the Hollywood high
school. 1521 N. Highland Avenue. Los Angeles.
Appropriation for the work is $100,000.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
OCTOBER, 1931

JOCIETY^ clvb MEETING,/

WASHINGTON STATE CHAPTER

On Thursday, September 10th a special meet-
ing of Washington Chapter was held in the club-
house of the Broadmoor Golf Club, Seattle. Cor-
respondence was read from the Chapter group
in Spokane, and also from the Spokane Chamber
of Commerce requesting that the Chapter send a
delegate to the conference on government work
held in Spokane September 12.

Before considering customary reports of com-
mittees, Mr. Allen presented a proposed amend-
ment to the Chapter By-Laws establishing the
meeting in September as a regular Chapter meet-
ing. It was voted to make this a part of the regu-
ular order of business for the October meeting.

A report from the Committee on Public In-
formation was presented by Mr. Vogel, chairman.
This reviewed the various activities of the com-
mittee, the radio programs conducted by the State
College of Washington, and the work of the
Tacoma group in getting articles on architecture
in the Tacoma Ledger. The committee had ob-
tained from the Illinois Society of Architects a
full set of copies of their Bulletin on the func-
tions of the architect.

A report was made by the Committee on Pub-
lic Information on the proposal to advertise in
the Seattle Telephone Directory, as is done by
the King County Medical Society. The commit-
tee believed that while this publicity might be
beneficial to the medical profession it should not
be undertaken by the Chapter at this time when
a unification of the architectural profession was

For the Committee on Professional Practice,
Mr. Holmes reported the names of members who
had agreed to support the proposed schedule of
charges. Report was also made of a conference
of school architects for the purpose of standard-
izing fees for this class of work.

For the Committee on Government Work, Mr.
Holmes reported that a number of petitions had
been circulated and signed by various organiza-
tions and groups and sent to the Government
officials in Washington.

Proposals in connection with city planning were
presented by Mr. Alden, Chairman of the City
Plan Committee. A letter from the President of
the King County Regional Planning Commission,
advocating a survey to be made immediately of
the territory bordering on Lake Washington, with
a view to securing adequate unified effort to get
a Metropolitan sewer system to prevent the future
pollution of Lake Washington from discharge of
sewage.

The attention of the Chapter was called to the
passing to John Galen Howard, who had been
intimately connected with the Chapter in earlier
days, and it was voted that appropriate expres-
sions of sympathy be sent to Mrs. Howard. Ex-
pressions of sympathy were also voted to be sent
to a former member. A. F. Menke, on the loss

of his wife.

* * *

A special Chapter meeting for the purpose of
considering the proposed plan for the building
industry submitted at the regular September meet-

being given preliminary consideration. After ing by the Tacoma Society of Architects and

mailed to the Chapter members, was held at the
College Club, Seattle, September 23.

President Borhek announced that during Oc-
tober the Chapter would have a brief visit from
President Kohn of the Institute and from Re-
gional Director Fred F. Willson.

some discussion on this proposed advertising the
report of the Committee on Public Information
was adopted.

President Borhek read a letter from Edwin
Bergstrom, Chairman of the Institute Commit-
tee on Unification of the Architectural Profes-
sion, referrinq to the preliminary report of his
committee. The Chapter's comments and criti-
cisms being requested by Mr. Bergstrom, it was
voted that the Chapter approve the report in
principle and commend the efforts of the com-
mittee.

BUILDING INDUSTRY CONFERENCE

The Building Industry Conference sponsored

by the Spokane Chamber of Commerce, held in

Spokane. September 12, was participated in by

members of Congress and leading professional

American 3Jn*titute of Hrcfntects

i Organized 1857)
Northern California Chapter

President Henry H. Gutterson

Vice-President Albert J. Evers

Secretary-Trk\>urer .... Jas. H. Mitchell

Directors

Raymond W. Jeans Harris C. Allen Lester Hurd

Fred k. H. Meyer G. F. Ashley Berge M. Clarke

Southern California Chapter, Los Angeles

President Harold C. Chambers

Vice-President Carleton M. Winslow

Secretary H. Roy Kelley

Treasurer Palmer Sabin

Directors

Gordon B. Kaufmann Wh. Richards Eugene Weston, Jr.

J. E. Allison

Santa Barbara Chapter

President
Vice-President
Secretary
Treasurer

Russel Ray

Harold Burket

E. Keith Lockard

Leonard A. Cooke

Oregon Chapter, Portland

President Harold W. Doty

Vice-President Fred Aandahl

Secretary W. H. Crowell

Treasurer Harry A. Herzog

Trustees
A. Glenn Stanton, Jamieson Parker, William Holford

Washington State Chapter, Seattle

President Roland E. Borhek

First Vice-President J. Lister Holmes

Second Vice-President . . . Stanley A. Smith
Third Vice-President F. Stanley Piper

Secretary Lance E. Gowen

Treasurer . Albert M. Allen

Executive Board
Harlan Thomas Clyde Gratnger Arthur P. Herrman

San Diego Chapter

President Wm. Templeton Johnson

Vice-President Robert W. Snyder

Secretary C. H. Mills

Treasurer Ray Alderson

Directors
Louis J. Gill Hammond W. Whitsitt

J>an Jfranrigto Hrcfjttcctural Club

130 Kearny Street

President Ira H. Springer

Vice-President C Jefferson Sly

Secretary Donnell Jaekle

Executive Secretary F. M. Sanderson

Treasurer S. C. Leonhaeuser

Directors
William E. Mooney Waldon B. Rue William Helm

Hoa gngeleg Hrcbttectural Club

President Sumner Spaulding

Vice-Presidents:

Fitch Haskell, Ralph Flewelling, Luis Payo

Treasurer Kemper Nomland

Secretary Rene Mussa

Directors

Tyler McWhorter J. E. Stanton Robt. Lockwood

Manager, George P. Hales

^asfjington ^tate^octetp of Mrcfjitects

President .
First Vice-President
Second Vice-President
Third Vice-President
Fourth Vice-President
Secretary . . . .
Treasurer . . . .

Trustees

E. Glen Morgan
H. H. James

John S. Hudson

R. M. Thorne

Julius A. Zittlf.

Stanley A. Smith

W. W. Durham

O. F. Nelson

H. G Hammond

Theobald Buchinger
Wm. J. Jones

^octetp of Hlameba Count? Hrcbitects

President William E. Schirmer

Vice-President Morton Williams

Secretary-Treasurer W. R. Yelland

Directors
W. G. Corlett J. J. Donovan

W. R. Yelland Jas. T. Narbitt

Sorietij of Sacramento Hrcfjitects

President
Vice-President
Secret ary-Tre asu rer

William E. Schirmer

Morton Williams

W. R. Yelland

Hong 2freacf) &rcf)ttectural Club

President Hugh R. Davies

Vice-President Cecil Schilling

Secretary and Treasurer . . . Joseph H. Roberts

iPafiabena Srcfjitectural €lub

President Edward Mussa

Vice-President Richard W. Ware

Secretary Roy Parkes

Treasurer Arthur E. Fisk

Executive Committee
Mark W. Ellsworth Edwin L. Westberg Orrin F. Stone

State Association (Halifnrma Architects

President
Vice-President
Secretary
Treasurer

Albert Evers. San Francisco

Robert H. Orr, Los Angeles

A. M. Edelman. Los Angeles

W. I. Garren. San Francisco

Executive Board (Northern Section)

Albert H. Evers H. C Allen Chester H. Miller

W. I. Garren

Robert H. Orr

(Southern Section)

Louis J. Gill

Harold Burkett

A. M. Edelman

Directors (Northern Section)
Henry Collins. Palo Alto: Ernest Norberg. San Mateo:
Henry H. Gutterson. San Francisco: L. C. Perry. Vallejo.

Directors (Southern Section)
R. D. King. Santa Monica: Everett Parks. Anaheim:
J. A. Murray. Hollywood: Herbert J. Mann. San Diego.

San SJi>go ana ihnperial (County Snrietg

State Association of California Architects

537 Spreckels Theater Building,
San Diego. Calif.

President Herbert J. Mann

Vice-President Eugene Hoffman

Secretary-Treasurer .... Robert R. Curtis

Executive Board

Herbert J. Mann Eugene Hoffman Robert R. Curtis

Louis J. Gill William P. Lodge

Ways and Means Committee

Robert Halley, Jr. Frank L. Hope, Jr.

Hammond W. Whitsitt

The Architect and Engineer. October. 1931

Hmeriean g>otittp Hanbgcape Hlrefjitecta

Pacific Coast Chapter

President George Gibbs

Vice-President L. Deming Tiltox

Secretary Professor J. W. Gregg

Treasurer Chas. H. Diggs

Members Executive Committee
Ralph D. Cornell Geo. D. Hall

Architects league of ^ollptooon

6520 Sunset Boulevard

Hollywood, California

President L. G. Scherer

Vice-President Verner McClurg

Secretary-Treasurer J. A. Murrey

Directors

Ralph Flewelling, M. L. Barker, James T. Handley,

Donald F. Shugart and John Roth

Hrcfjitectural examiners

Northern District

Phelan Building. San Francisco

President Albert J. Evers

Secretary ------ Henry H. Gutterson

Members
Warren C. Perry Frederick H. Meyer John J. Donovan

Southern District

1124 Associated Realty Building, Los Angeles

President John C. Austin

Secretary and Treasurer . A. M. Edelman

Members
John Parkinson Louis J. Gill H. C. Chambers

§£>tate Poarb of (Engineer examiners

President H. J. Brunnier. San Francisco

Vice-President Donald M. Baker. Los Angeles

Secretary Albert Givan, Sacramento

Ass't Secretary . . . Ralph J. Reed, Los Angeles

^trurtural SnginfFra Association

of Northern California

President H. J. Brunnier

Vice-President C. H. Snyder

Secretary-Treasurer A. B. Saph. Jr.

Board of Directors

Walter Huber A. B. Saph. Jr. H.J. Brunnier

C. H. Snyder Harold B. Hammill

and business men in addition to those associated
with the building industry.

Besides President Roland E. Borhek. who offi-
cially represented the Washington State Chap-
ter, other Institute members attending were Fred
F. Willson, Bozeman, Montana, Regional Direc-
tor A. I. A.; H. W. Doty of Portland. President
of the Oregon State Chapter; Fred G. Grounds
of Tacoma; Stanley A. Smith of Pullman; Harry
C. Weller, Pullman; Ogden F. Beeman of Spo-
kane; George A. Pehrson, Spokane; Harold C.
Whitehouse. Spokane. A total of twenty archi-
tects attended the Conference.

The following resolution, referring to the gov-
ernmental practice of architecture, was passed:

"It is accordingly recommended that the need
for appropriate legislation to deal with this ques-
tion be urged upon our representatives in Con-
gress and that the delegates to this meeting unite
with other organizations having similar programs
in demanding that the work of these offices be
decentralized; that the United States Government
in all its departments quit the Architectural and
Building Construction field to the extent that its
present occupancy brings it into competition with
private business, and it is particularly urged that
native materials be selected for federal building
projects where such materials in the judgment of
competent authority are suitable inasmuch as this
will tend to distribute the labor involved in their
preparation and emphasize the materials char-
acteristic of each region."

Some interesting facts wrere disclosed at the meet-
ing and a more extended report of the proceedings
will be published in this magazine next month.

NORTHWEST PLANNING CONFERENCE
The Fourth Annual Conference of the Pacific
Northwest Association of Planning Commissions
was held in Vancouver, B. C September 11-12.
Professor F. E. Buck of the University of Brit-
ish Columbia, in his annual address, called atten-
tion to the changing conditions which constantly
presented new- problems in planning and which
must be recognized if planning is to be effective.
Following this address, city and town planning
progress in the United States and Canada was
ably presented by John E. Carroll. City Council-
man of Seattle, Director of the National Confer-
ence on City Planning, and Stewart Young, and
Horace L. Seymour. Directors of Town Planning
in the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and
Alberta.

The feature of the afternoon session was an
address on "Financing Street Widenings and
Extensions by the Assessment Plan." by Otway
Pardee of the Seattle Eminent Domain Commis-

The Architect and Engineer. October, 1931

MONEL
METAL

Here's a testimony that
speaks for itself —

Los Angeles,
California,
May6th,
19 3 1.

Pacific Me tale Company, Ltd. >
470 East Third Street,
Los Angeles, California.

Gentlemen:

We used Monel Metal exclusively for our
kitchen equipment when the Jonathan Club
was built over five years ago, and we are
pleased to state that it has been entirely
satisfactory and has a better appearance
now than when first installed. We know of
no other material which we consider its
equal. In remodelling our new beaoh club
we again used Monel Metal in the kitchen.

It has been a real pleasure to work in this
kitchen with Its Monel equipment and its
clean bright appearance is always easy to
maintain.

It Is in my opinion the most sanitary equip-
ment obtainable, and without much effort It
can be kept clean at all times.

Very truly yours,

THE JONATHAH CLUB

PACIFIC METALS COMPANY, Ltd.
PACIFIC FOUNDRY COMPANY, Ltd.

3100 Nineteenth Street
San Francisco

551 Fifth Avenue
New York

470 East Third Street
Los Angeles, Calif.

NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CHAPTER

The Northern California Chapter, the Amer-
ican Institute of Architects, in convening for its
first fall meeting, met jointly with the State As-
sociation of California Architects, in the St.
Francis Hotel, San Francisco, on Tuesday eve-
ning, September 29th.

Before proceeding with the scheduled program,
a short period was devoted to Chapter affairs dur-
ing which Mr. Gutterson presided. He spoke of
the many matters which are before the Directors.
As an example, he read the minutes of the last
directors' meeting, so that the members might
have a cross section of the problems confronting
the officers of the Chapter, and how these are
disposed of.

Mr. Stringham outlined the plans of the Ex-
hibit Committee for the bienniel exhibit to be
held in the summer of 1932, and for a prelim-
inary exhibit to be held in November, 1931.

The sorrow and loss to the Chapter caused
by death of an esteemed member, John Galen
Howard, was feelingly spoken of by Mr. Gutter-
son. At his request, Mr. Perry read a resolution,
commemorative to Mr. Howard. A motion was
presented that the resolution be accepted and
placed upon the minutes of this meeting; that an
appropriately inscribed copy be sent to Mrs.
Howard; and that other copies be sent to the
Octagon in Washington, D. O, and to the School
of Architecture of the University of California.

In keeping with the instruction, a copy of the
resolution is placed herein, as follows:

John Galen Howard succumbed on July 27th of this year to a heart
attack. The suddenness of his death was a great shock to his host of
friends and in his passing, this society, the profession of Architecture and
the commonwealth have sustained a heavy loss.

Though he is gone from our midst, we know that his spirit lives in
the sphere wherein he moved and had his being. His sound philosophy,
his high ideals ever uncompromised by circumstance, remain as beacons
on uncertain shores.

Born in Chelmsford, Massachusetts in 1864, he studied at the Boston
Latin School and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, then after
an apprenticeship in the great offices of H. H. Richardson. Rutan &
Coolidge and McKim, Mead & While, he spent five years at 1'EcoIe des
Beaux Alls under Latoux. Following three mure years in Paris, lie started
his practice in N'ew York. In 1901 he removed his office to California,
where for thirty years he occupied a position of leadership in his profes-

An enlightened and scholarly man far above the ordinary, Mr. Howard
brought to his work clear logic, thoroughness and the undiminished en-
thusiasm of youth. In the conduct of his office, he was more father
than employer, and by example he enobled each undertaking and made
worthy tile lesser tasks .,f his associates.

Kis earl'-r independent works, including among others the Hotel Renais-
sance in New York, the Majestic Theater of Boston, the Public Library
of Montclair, New Jersey, and particularly the Electric Tower of the
Buffalo Exposition which he designed as member of its Architectural
Board, were characteristic accomplishments in the fresh vigor of their
attack and the refinement of their study. It remained however for our
Western Coast with its youth and spirit of achievement to strike in him
a sympathetic chord, it was here that he spent his most productive
years and, in his all too sh,,rt period of maturity, left here his greatest
heritage.

A distinguished participator in the Phoebe Apperson Hearst Competi-
tion, after the relinquishment of the actual work by M. Benard, Mr.
Howard was called to Berkeley to erect the Hearst Memorial Mining
Building and remained as supervising architect to developed the Hearst
plan (it the University of California. To this epic in group design, lie
gave unsparingliy of himself through over twenty years and by his
Steadfast and unswerving adherence to high principles, brought to frui-
tion a large pari of that conception. The steps of its development are
marked by splendid buildings, each a worthy climax to a full career.
I he California Hall, the Greek Theatre, the Doe Library. Agriculture
II. ill iln' Sather Tower, the Stephens Union. I.e Conte, Gilman, Hesse.
rlilgkrd ami Haviland Halls, stand as eloquent testimony to his genius

His practice, at one lime very extensive, reached far beyond Hie con-
fines of the Campus. In the partnership of Howard and Galloway, he
designed the Italian American Bank Building, the Adam Grain Building
and many .ilhers in San Francisco and the Bay Region and as a mem-

The Architect and Enjinccc. October, 1931

ber of the Board, was architect for several buildings for the Alaska-
Yukon-Pacific Exposition. Following a long period of practice undet his
own name, as head of the firm of John Galen Howard & Vssociati
he designed several works, most noteworthy of which were the First Cor
gregational Church of Oakland and the Le Corn.- Scl i s1M Francisco.

Hi* recognized wisdom, his impeccable character and his broad under-
standing of all the phases of his art, brought many demands to serve as
judge or advisor to Boards and Commissions, always with honor to him-
self and to the profession. As Chairman of the Advisory Board of the
San Francisco Civic Center, he was largely responsible foi its success as
a whole as well as for the design of the Exposition Auditorium. Again h.-
showed the quality of leadership when as Chairman of the California
Memorial Stadium Commission, he guided that important project to ful-
fillment.

Vet with all his extensive practice, Mr. Howard found fields for other
talents. Director of the School of Architecture of the University of Cal-
ifornia, which he founded, and Professor of Advanced Design were titles
that he bore with the utmost distinction. But to him these names so»xl
merely as symbols of an opportunity. During the thirty richest years
of his life, he ministered to the minds and hearts of youth, planting
therein the seeds of learning and tending the young shoots with that must
subtle touch of teacher art — suggestion born of real inspiration and ex-
perience. Thus was kindled a reciprocal affection with those who worked
under him that burned undiminished with the passing years. A Captain
in the Red Cross during the Great War, he became after the Armistice, a
member of the Army Education Commission and during the life of that
body, lectured in France before soldier-students at Bellevue and Beaune.

Lastly, as an author, Mr. Howard held an enviable position, the best
of his works being the two descriptive poems, "Brunelleschi" and "Phe-
idias". In the latter of these lofty epics, particularly his understanding
friends find mirrored that conception of a fullsome life — which was his

His manv activities linked him naturally with other men of accomp-
lishment in fields of high endeavor. He was a Fellow of the American
Institute of Architects, an Associate Xational Academician, member of
the Xational Institute of Arts and Letters and of The Century Club.
Charter Member of the Society of Beaux Arts Architects, member of
the Architectural League of New York, the Archaeological Institute of
America, The Authors Club of London and of the Advisory Council of
the American Academy in Rome.

With this wide range of interests, he enjoyed intensely the drama of
human existence and all its actors. From it he drew with rare discern-
ment the best to enrich his own great qualities. His sincerity, his wis-
dom, his deep faith in the Tightness of things, together with his fine
enthusiasm placed him high in the ranks of men.

■We sympathize with his bereaved ones and mourn our own great loss.

This concluded the Chapter affairs and the
meeting was turned over to Mr. Roeth, Chairman
of the Northern Section of the Association, who
presided for the remainder of the evening.

A welcome was extended to the architects who
had received their certificates the previous year,
and who were present as guests. The men in-
troduced were: Messrs. Dale F. Thompson, Wal-
lace Stephen, Otto Hinterman, Robert Nordin.
Conrad Kett, Wm. H. Rowe. Herbert Good-
pastor.

Mr. Donovan greeted them in behalf of the
Association and the Chapter, and addressed them
upon the responsibility which they must now
shoulder in observing and maintaining the high
standards of the profession.

Wm. I. Garren. Treasurer of the Association,
presented the financial statement of the organ-
ization.

Albert J. Evers, Chairman of the Legislative
Committee, reported upon legislative matters with
which the committee had dealt during the past
year.

As Chairman of the joint committee to co-or-
dinate the activities of the Association and the
Chapter, he also submitted a report, recommend-
ing various distribution of functions so that the
efforts of the two organizations would not be
overlapping. This report was approved by the
Association. Mr. Gutterson announced that it
had been approved in principle by the Directors
of the Chapter and would later be submitted to

The Architect and Engineer, October. 1931

-.-■-M

Wkj&

III!

lil"l J

EL"U

Milwaukee Country Club, Milwaukee, Wis Architects: Fitzhugh Scott and

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Sisalkraft is stocked by lumber dealers in con-
venient widths of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 ft.

The SISALKRAFT CO., 205 W. Wacker Drive (Canal Station), Chicago, 111.

55 Now Montgomery Street. San Franeisro. Calif.

A&E 10 Gray

LUMBER

MILL WORK - BUILDING MATERIALS

BUILDERS' HARDWARE - PAINT

FURNISHED ON JOBS FEATURED FOR ARCHITECT CHESTER COLE

IN THIS ISSUE

ARCHITECTS ARE ASSURED QUALITY MATERIAL
WHEN CONTRACTORS BUY FROM

THE DIAMOND MATCH CO.

Our Woodworking Factories, Chico, Calif.

47 Yards in Northern California

SACRAMENTO YARD

2826 Q Street

STOCKTON YARD

848 W. Fremont Street

MAIN OFFICE

CHICO, CALIF.

The Architect and Engineer. October, 1931

the Chapter for action, subject to the approval
of the Institute.

Harris C. Allen told of the formation of the
Building Congress of California, and of its adop-
tion by the California State Chamber of Com-
merce as one of its major activities. Through this
sponsorship, outstanding results are expected to
follow.

The failure of architects, as a group, to estab-
lish themselves as leaders in a great art, was
forcefully dwelt upon by Frederick H. Meyer.

It was his opinion that the recent development
of State Associations, being inclusive of all archi-
tects in such areas, betokened a coming change.
By this means, it would be possible when affili-
ated with and under the leadership of the Insti-
tute as a National body, to present a united
force, capable of placing architecture on a much
higher pinnacle than in the past.

The program which has been launched to ef-
fect such an organization, was outlined, and the
joint report of the Unification Committees of the
Institute and State Societies was explained.

George W. Kelham spoke upon "Cooperation
Within the Profession". Credit was extended to
the California architects for being the first to
put forward the idea of a state-wide organiza-
tion. For this and other accomplishments which
they are performing, prestige should accrue to
them.

The older members of the profession were
urged to continue in the harness and back up the
younger men who are carrying the bulk of the
load in organization work. Building Congresses
and Craftsmanship awards were featured as im-
portant means towards bringing the whole broad
field of the building industries into the picture.

In conclusion, it was stated that it could not
by individual effort but only when bonded to-
gether for success and encouragement, and the
advancement of the profession, that the architects
might expect attainment of this aim.

At its conclusion, the motion was made and
carried that the principles of the program for
unification be approved and that the Executive
Board of the Association be instructed to convey
this action to the Convention.

Like action was taken by the Chapter with
the instruction that its approval be conveyed to
the Directors of the Institute.

The motion was made and carried, that a letter
be sent to Robert Orr. former President of the
State Association, stating the action of the Chap-
ter in support of this program, and conveying its
appreciation of his effort toward unification.

—J.H.M.

The Architect and Engineer, October, 1931

recommend
GENERAL
ELECTRIC

Refrigerators

GO to apartment tenants ... to
apartment owners . . . and you
will find the overwhelming major-
ity prefer and recommend Gen-
eral Electric Refrigerators.

Take the case of R. L. Ritch &
Sons, Charlotte, N. C. They
wanted to equip their Windsor
Apartments with the best electric
refrigerators . . . best in point of
cost ... in service ... in tenant
satisfaction. They asked 100
apartment owners throughout the
South, what refrigerator they
would recommend. Ninety-five
recommended General Electric!

There is an overwhelming public
preference for General Electric —
and nowhere is this more empha-
sized than in the apartment field.
Tenants demand the best. They
want individual refrigeration — no
wholesale shutting down of facil-
ities at inconvenient times. Apart-
ment owners want low-cost re-
frigeration. This they get with
General Electrics. For all the
current saving mechanism is her-
metically sealed in steel — sealed
against dust, air, moisture — sealed
against attention of any kind —
permanently oiled. With a 3-year
unqualified guarantee . . . low
prices . . . easy terms — General
Electric is preferred.

' We L.H. Bennett Qvtny.

Northern California and Nevada Distributor
Rialto Building, San Francisco

NEWARK BANKS ON
HAZARD WIRE

I v. .Oil ^i ,j 1 1tTtT

NATIONAL NEWARK & ESSEX BANK

Newark, New Jersey
Hazard Wires and Cables Used Throughout
Architects: John H. & Wilson C. Ely, Newark.
Electrical Engineers: Meyer, Strong & Jones, Inc.,
New York. General Contractors: Starrett Bros. &
Eken, Inc.. New York. Electrical Contractors: L. K.
Comstock & Co., New York.

||3JIG BANKS in the metropolitan centers build sub-
-H-" stantially and for the distant future. They know-
that their bank buildings are monuments to their bank-
ing businesses and that every stone, every piece of
steel, every hinge, lock, and pane of glass must reflect
the high character of the institution. The electrical wiring
(actually only a fraction of one per cent of the cost of
the structure) must be of fine quality that it may serve
dependably for many years.

This subject of electrical wiring is much more im-
portant than its small cost would indicate. Actually, the
successful and convenient use of a modern building de-
pends upon how well it is done. Circuits that occasion-
ally give trouble may deprive tenants of lighting, of
power for their essential business machinery, of com-
munication, of ventilatiton or of the free use of elevators.
Skimping on the quality of electrical wires is a sure way
to invite dissatisfacttion from tenants.
It is cheaper in the end to follow the example of the
National Newark and Essex Bank — install Hazard
Electrical Building Wires and Cables throughout and
thus depend on the known quality of a standard brand
of insulated wire.

Hazard Insulated Wire Works

Division of The Okonite Company
WORKS: WILKES-BARRE, PA.

New York
Chicago
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh

Sales Offic
St. Louis
Boston

San Francisco

Seattle
Dallas

SPOKANE ARCHITECTS

One of the first results of the association of
Spokane Society of Architects is evident in the
statement of the county commissioners that they
will employ private architects to prepare plans for
county buildings.

This work, having been done by county engi-
neers, has been displacing architectural draftsmen
from what is their profession in a field which is
architectural.

A feature of this employment of men untrained
in architecture may be noted in the statement of
Archie Rigg, architect:

"In every case where engineering department
have prepared building plans there has been a
failure." — Washington State Architect.

ARMCO ON THE AIR AGAIN

The Armco concert band — will be heard round
the world this winter. During previous broadcast-
ing seasons so many requests were received from
Latin American and other foreign countries that
it was decided to broadcast these programs over
short wave station W8XAL, in addition to the
50.000 watt transmitter of Station WLW in Cin-
cinnati.

The first radio concert was held on Monday
night, October 19th, between 9:00 and 9:30 East-
ern Standard time. Geo. M. Verity, Chairman
of the Board of The American Rolling Mill Com-
pany, spoke on the subject "There can be no end
to progress." During Mr. Verity's long and in-
teresting career as an industrial executive he has
always been an interested student of business
economies and human affairs, and he has studied
intently the hills and valleys through which the
tide of business has flowed.

One of the special features of the broadcasting
season will be the playing on each program of
one of the competition numbers chosen for the
high school bands in the different states by the
Board of the National High School Band contest.
The same selections will later be played by the
various high school bands in their 1932 contests,
and the interpretation of these contest competi-
tion numbers by a nationally-known musical or-
ganization should be of great help to these junior
bandsmen. To cooperate in the development of
better musicians among these youthful organiza-
tious. Frank Simon, conductor of the Armco Con-
cert Band, John Phillip Sousa, Edwin Franko
Goldman, and other famous bandmasters, have
acted as judges and coaches in the numerous state
high school band contests, and in the national
contest recently held in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

The radio season will extend over a period of
26 weeks; all broadcasts will be given on Monday
nights, at the time mentioned above.

77ie Architect and Engineer. October. 1931

Estimator's Guide

Giving Cost of Building Materials, Wage Scale, Etc.

Amounts quoted are figuring prices and are made up from average quotations
furnished by material houses to three leading contracting firms of San Francisco.

This month — Note the raise in prices of marble, tile and granite. Lower prices lor linseed oil,
turpentine, hardwoods, steel and lumber.

All prices and wages quoted are for
San Francisco and the Bay District.
There may be slight fluctuation of
prices in the interior and southern
part of the state. Freight cartage, at
least, must be added in figuring coun-
try work.

Overtime in wage scale should be
credited with time and a half, Sunday
and holidays double.

Bond — 1%% amount of contract.

Brickwork —

Common, $31 to $36 per 1000 laid,
(according to class of work).

Face, $70 to $90 per 1000 laid, (ac-
cording to class of work).

Brick Steps, using pressed brick,
$.90 lin. ft.

Brick Walls, using pressed brick on
edge, 60c sq. ft. (Foundations ex-
tra.)

Brick Veneer on frame buildings,
$.80 sq. ft.

Common, f. o. b. cars, $12.50 plus
cartage.

Face, f.o.b. cars, $45.00 per 1000,
carload lots.

HOLLOW TILE FIREPROOFING (f.o.b. job)

3x12x12 in $ 68.00 per M

4x12x12 in 76.50 per M

6x12x12 in 105.00 per M

8x12x12 in 170.00 per M

HOLLOW BUILDING TILE (f.o.b. job)
carload lots).

8x12x5% $76.50

6x12x5% 59.50

Composition Floors — 18c to 30c per
sq. ft. In large quantities, 18c per
sq. ft. laid.

Duraflex Floor— 23c to 30c sq. ft.

Kubber Tile — 55c per sq. ft.

Terazzo Floors — 50c to 60c per sq. ft.

Terazzo Steps — $1.50 lin. ft.

Mosaic Floors — 80c per sq. ft.

Concrete Work (material at San Fran-
cisco bunkers) — ■ Quotations below
2000 lbs. to the ton.

No. 3 rock, at bunkers $1.65 per ton

No. 4 rock, at bunkers 1.65 per ton

Eliot pea gravel, at bnkrs. 1.75 per ton
Washed gravel, at bunkrs 1.75 per ton
Eliott top gravel, at bnkrs. 1.75 per ton
City gravel, at bunkers .... 1.40 per ton

River sand, at bunkers 1.50 jer ton

Delivered bank sand 1.10 cu yd.

Note — Above prices are subject to dis-
count of 10c per ton on invoices paid
on or before the 15th of month, fol-
lowing delivery.

SAND

Del Monte, $1.75 to $3.00 per ton.
Fan Shell Beach (car lots, f. o. b.

Lake Majella), $2.7I5 to $4.00 per

ton.
Cement, $2.24 per bbl. in paper sks.

Cement (f.o.b. Job, S. F.) $2.44 per

bbl.
Cement (f.o.b. Job, Oak.), $2.64 per

per bbl.
Rebate of 10 cents bbl. cash in 15

days.

Medusa "White" $ 8.50 per bbl.

Forms, Labors average 22.00 per M.
Average cost of concrete in place,

exclusive of forms, 28c per cu. ft.
4-inch concrete basement

floor 13c to 14c per sq. ft.

4% inch Concrete Basement

floor 13c to 14c per sq. ft.

2-inch rat-proofing.. ..6%c per sq. ft.
Concrete Steps $1.10 per lin. ft.

Dampproofing and Waterproofing' —

Two-coat work, 18c per yard.
Membrane waterproofing — 4 layers

of saturated felt, $5.00 per square.
Hot coating work, $1.80 per square.
Medusa Waterproofing, 15% c per

bbl, San Francisco Warehouse.

Electric Wiring — $2.75 to $8.50 per
outlet for conduit work (including
switches).

Knob and tube average $2.35 to
$5.00 per outlet, including
switches.

Elevators —

Prices vary according to capacity,
speed and type. Consult elevator
companies. Average cost of in-
stalling an automatic elevator in
four-story building, $2450; direct
automatic, about $2400.

Excavation —

Sand, 40 cents; clay or shale, 90c
per yard.

Teams, $10.00 per day.

Trucks, $20 to $25 per day.

Above figures are an average with-
out water. Steam shovel work in
large quantities, less; hard ma-
terial, such as rock, will run con-
siderably more.

Fire Escapes —

Ten-foot balcony, with stairs,
$65.00 per balcony.

Glass (consult with manufacturers) —
Double strength window glass, 15c

per square foot.
Quartz Lite, 50c per square foot.

Plate 80c per square foot.
Art, $1.00 up per square foot.
Wire (for skylights), 27c per square

foot.
Obscure glass, 25c square foot.
Jfote— Add extra for setting.

Heating —

Average, $1.60 per sq. ft. of radia-
tion, according to conditions.

Iron — Cost of ornamental iron, cast
iron, etc., depends on designs.

Lumber (prices delivered to bldg. site)
Common, $24.00 per M (average).
Common O. P. select, average, $28.00
per M.

1x6 No. 3— Form Lumber $15.00 per M

1 x 4 No. 1 flooring VG 58.00 per M

1 x 4 No. 2 flooring 50.00 per M

1 x 4 No. 3 flooring 40.00 per M

1x6 No. 2 flooring 52.00 per M

l',4x4 and 6 No. 2 flooring 60.00 per M

Slash grain —

1 x 4 No. 2 flooring $35.00 per M

1x4 No. 3 flooring 32.00 per M

No. 1 common run to T. & G 28.00 per M

Lath 5.00 per M

Shingles (add cartage to prices
quoted) —

Redwood, No. 1 $ .85 per bdle.

Redwood, No. 2 ..._ 65 per bdle.

Red Cedar ._ 85 per bdle.

Hardwood Flooring (delivered to
building) — ■

13-16x3Vi" T & G Maple $105.00 M ft.

1 1-I6x2i.i" T & G Maple 135.00 M ft.

%x3V4 sq. edge Maple 122.50 M ft.

13-16x2>i" %x2" 5-16x2"
T&G T&G Sq.Ed.

Clr. Qtd. Oak ....$200.00 M $145,110 M $168 M
Sel. Qtd. Oak .... 130.00 M 107.00 M 121 M
Clr. Pla. Oak .... 125.00 M 95.00 M 103 M
Sel. Pla. Oak .... 112.00 M 70.00 M S7 M

Clear Maple 127.00 M 88.00 M

Laying & Finishing 16c ft. 15c ft. 13c ft.
Wage — Floor layers, $9.00 per day.

Building Paper —

1 ply per 1000 ft. roll $2.80

2 ply per 1000 ft. roll 4.21-

3 plv per 1000 ft. roll C.50

Sisalkraft, 500 ft. roll 5.50

Sash cord com. No. 7 $1.00 per 100 ft.

Sash cord com. No. 8 1.10 per 100 ft.

Sash cord spot No. 7 1.60 per 100 ft.

Sash cord spot No. 8 1.90 per 100 ft.

Sash weights cast iron. $45.00 ton

Nails. $2.85 base.
Belgian nails, $2.60 base.

Millwork —

O. P. $75.00 per 1000. R. W., $80.00

per 1000 (delivered).
Double hung box window frames,

average, with trim, $5.00 and up.

each.
Doors, including trim (single panel,

1% in. Oregon pine) $6.00 and up,

each.
Doors, including trim (five panel,

134 in. Oregon pine) $5.75 each.
Screen doors, $3.50 each.
Patent screen windows, 20c a sq. ft.
Cases for kitchen pantries seven ft.

high, per lineal ft., $4.25 each.
Dining room cases, $5.50 per lineal

foot.
Labor — Rough carpentry, warehouse

heavy framing (average), $11.00

per M.
For smaller work, average, $22 to

$30 per 10O0.

Marble — (Not set), add 50c to 65c per
ft. for setting.

Alaska $1.50 sq. ft.

Columbia 1.50 sq. ft.

Golden Vein Yule Colo 1.90 sq. ft.

Pink Lepanto 1.60 sq. ft.

Italian 2.00 sq. ft.

The Architect and Engineer, October, 1931

NOTE — Above Quotations are for 7S inch
wainscot in larce slabs f.o.b. factory.
Prices on all other classes of work Bhould
be obtained from the manufacturers.

Floor Tile — Set in place.

Verde Antique $2.50 sq. ft.

Verde Antique 3.00 sq. ft.

Tennessee 1.50 sq. ft.

Alaska 1.35 sq. ft.

Columbia 1.45 sq. ft.

Yule Colorado 1.60 sq. ft.

Travertine 1-W sq. it

Tennessee 1.70 sq. ft.

Painting —

Two-coat work 27c per yard

Three-coat work 36c per yard

Cold Water Painting 8c per yard

Whitewashing 4c per yard

Turpentine, 80c per gal, in cans and

65c per gal. in drums.
Raw Linseed Oil — 73c gal. in bbls.
Boiled Linseed Oil — 76c gal. in bbls.
Medusa Portland Cement Paint, 20c

per lb.

Carter or Dutch Boy White Lead in

Oil (in steel kegs).

Per Lb.

1 ton lots, 100 lbs. net weight ll%c
500 lb. and less than 1 ton lots 12c
Less than 500 lb. lots 12%

Dutch Boy Dry Bed Lead and
Litharge (in steel kegs).

1 ton lots, 100 lb. kegs, net wt. ll%c
500 lb. and less than 1 ton lots 12c
Less than 500 lb lots 12%c

Bed Lead in Oil (in steel kegs)

1 ton lots, 100 lb. kegs, net wt. 13*4c
500 lb. and less than 1 ton lots 13%c

Less than 500 lb. lots 14c

Note — Accessibility and conditions
cause wide variance of costs.

Patent Chimneys —

6-inch $1.00 lineal foot

8-inch 1.50 lineal foot

10-inch 1.85 lineal foot

12-inch 2.10 lineal foot

Pipe Casings — 12" long (average),
$8.00 each. Each additional inch 10c.

Plastering — Interior —

Yard

1 coat, brown mortar only, wood lath... $0.36

2 coats, lime mortar hard finish, wood
lath 45

2 coats, hard wall plaster, wood lath.... .50

3 coats, metal lath and plaster 90

Keene cement on metal lath 1.10

Ceilings with % hot roll channels metal

lath _., .65

Ceilings with % hot roll channels metal

lath plastered 1.30

Shingle partition % channel lath 1 side .60
Single partition % channel lath 2 sides

2 inches thick 2.00

4-inch double partition % channel lath

2 sides 1.20

4-inch double partition % channel lath

2 sides plastered 2.25

Plastering— Exterior-
Yard

^ coats cement finish, brick or con-
crete wall _ 5 .90

2 coats Atlas cement, brick or con-
crete wall 1.15

3 coats cement finish No. 18 gauge
wire mesh _.. \ go

3 coats Medusa finish No. 18 gauge

wire mesh o go

Wood lath, $4.00 per 1000.

2.5-lb. metal lath (dipped) .... 15

2.5-lb. metal lath (galvanized) !is

3.4-lb. metal lath (dipped! 20

3.4-lb. metal lath (galvanized) .25

%-inch hot roll channels. $45 per ton.
Hardwall plaster. $15.40 ton; $12.95 in
paper sacki (rebate 16c sack).

Finish plaster, S16.40 ton ; in paper sacks.
Dealer's commission, $1.00 off above

Quota tions.

S13.S5 (rebate 10c sack).
Lime, f.o.b. warehouse, $2.25bbl. ;cars, $2.15
Lime, bulk (ton 2000 lbs.), $16.00 ton.
Wall Board 5 ply. $43.00 per M.
Hydrate Lime, $19.50 ton.

Composition Stnceo — $1.35 to $1.75 per
sq. yard (applied).

Plumbing —

From $58.00 per fixture up, accord-
ing to grade, quantity and runs.

Boofing —

"Standard" tar and gravel, $5.00 per
square for 30 squares or over.

Less than 30 squares. $5.25 per sq.

Tile, $17.00 to $30.00 per square.

Redwood Shingles, $11.00 per square
in place.

Cedar Shingles, $10 sq. in place.

Recoat, with Gravel, $3.00 per sq.

Sheet Metal-
Windows — Metal, $1.80 a sq. foot.
Fire doors (average), including
hardware, $2.00 per sq. ft.

Skylights-
Copper, $1.00 sq. ft. (not glazed).
Galvanized iron, 25c sq. ft. (not
glazed).

Stone —

Granite, average, $7.00 cu. foot in

place.
Sandstone, average Blue, $3.50;

Boise, $2.60 sq. ft. in place.
Indiana Limestone, $2.60 per sq. ft.

in place.

Store Fronts —

Copper sash bars for store fronts,
corner, center and around sides,
will average 70c per lineal foot.

Note — Consult with agents.

Steel Structural — $85 per ton (erect-
ed). This quotation is an average
for comparatively small quantities.

Light truss work higher; plain beam
and column work in large quanti-
ties, less.

Cost of steel for average building
(erected), $83.00 to $90.00 per ton.

1931 WAGE SCHEDULE

FOR SAN FRANCISCO

BUILDING TRADES

Fixed by the Impartial Wage Board

Indorsed by Architects. General and Sub-
Contractors. Municipal, State and Federal
Governments.

Craft

Asbestos workers
Bricklayers

Journeymen
Mechanics

-...$ 8.00

11.00

7.00

7.50

9.00

9.0C

Bricklayers' hodcarriers _

Cabinet workers, (shop)

Cabinet workers, (outside)

Carpenters

Cement finishers 9.00

Electric workers „ „ 9.00

Electrical fixture hangers _ 8.00

Elevator constructors „ _ 10.00

Elevator helpers 7.00

Engineers, portable and hoisting 9.00

Glass workers

Hardwood floormen

Housemovers ._ „

Housesmiths, arch, iron, skilled all branches

Housesmiths, arch, iron, not skilled all

branches

8.S0
9.00
8.00

Housesmiths, reinforced concrete, or rodmen
Iron workers (bridge & structural) includ-
ing engineers

Laborers, building (6-day week)

Lathers, channel iron _...

•Lathers, all other _

Marble setters

Marble helpers

Marble cutters and copers
Marble bed rubbers

Marble polishers and finishers

Millmen, planing mill department ....

Millmen, sash and door „.

Millwrights

Model makers „.

Model casters „

Mosaic and Terrazzo workers

Mosaic and Terrazzo helpers

Painters _ „

Painters, varnishers and polishers (shop)....
Painters, varnishers and polishers (outside)

Pile drivers and wharf builders

Pile drivers engineers _

Plasterers „

Plasterers' hodcarriers

Plumbers _

Roofers, composition

Roofers, all others

Sheet metal workers

Sprinkler fitters _

Steam fitters „

Stair builders

Stone cutters, soft and granite
Stone setters, soft and granite...

Stone carvers „

Stone derrickmen

Tile setters

Tile helpers

11.00
5.50

10.00
8.50

10.00
6.00
8.00
7.50
7.00
7.00
6.00
8.00

10.00
9.00
9.00
6.00
9.00
7.50
9.00
9.00

10.00

11.00
7.50

10.00
8.00
8.U0
9.UU

10.00

10.00
9.00
8.50
9.00
8.S0
9.00

10.00
6.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
6.50
6.00
6.00

•On wood lath if piece rates are paid they
shall be not less than such an amount as will
guarantee, on an average day's production of 1600
lath, the day wage set forth.

Eight hours shall constitute a day's work for
all Crafts except as otherwise noted.

Plasterer's hodcarriers, bricklayers' hodcarriers.
roofers, laborers, and engineers, portable and hoist-
ing, shall start 15 minutes before other workmen,
both at morning and noon.

Five and one-half days, consisting of eight hour?
on Monday to Friday inclusive, and four hours on
Saturday forenoon shall constitute a week's work.

Overtime shall be paid as follows: For the
first four hours after the first eight hours, time
and one-half. All time thereafter shall be paid
double time. Saturday afternoon (except laborers),
Sundays from 12 midnight Friday, and Holidays
from 12 midnight of the preceding day shall be
paid double time. On Saturday laborers, building,
shall be paid straight time.

Where two shifts are worked in any twenty-
four hours shift time shall be straight time. Where
three shifts are worked, eight hours pay shall be
paid for seven hours on the second and third
shifts.

All work shall regularly be performed between
the hours of 8 A. M. and 5 P. M., provided, that
in emergencies or where premises cannot be vacated
for work by mechanics until the close of business,
men then reporting for work shall work at straight
time; but any work performed after midnight shall
be paid time and one-half except on Saturdays,
Sundays, and holidays, when double time shall be
paid.

Recognized holidays to be New Year's Day,
Decoration Day. Fourth of July, Labor Day, Ad-
mission Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas
Day.

Men ordered to report for work, for whom no
•mployment is provided, shall be entitled to two
*»ours pay.

Auto truck drivers, less than 2500 lbs...

Auto truck drivers, 2S00 to 4500 lbs

Auto truck drivers, 4500 to 6500 lbs

Auto truck drivers, 6500 lbs. and over..

General teamsters, 1 horse

General teamsters, 2 horses

General teamsters, 4 horses

Plow teamsters, 4 horses

Scraper teamsters, 2 horses

Scraper teamsters, 4 horses

The Architect and Engineer, October, 1931

CALIFORNIA'S LATEST ADOBE HOUSE
Some experts fail to take their own advice, but
at the California State College of Agriculture,
Davis, is an engineer who not only believed that
mud buildings would make excellent farm houses,
but built one in which to live and prove his theory.

The builder is J. D. Long, a member of the re-
search staff of the agricultural engineering divi-
sion of the college. He first became interested in
adobe construction some seven or eight years ago
when an investigation of the suitability of such
material for California farm buildings was pro-
posed.

Two years ago Mr. Long decided to try out in
a personal way the merits of the material. The
result is a snug, attractive home, where inside tem-
peratures never reach the extremes of the exterior
and high winds and outside noise are not notice-
able, according to the builder.

The house is not of the sun-dried brick common
to early California days, but is of rammed earth.
Loose, moist soil was placed in shallow layers in
forms and tamped directly in place in the walls.
The walls are 12 inches thick, and have a small
amount of straw in them for surfacing.

A heavy, reinforced concrete foundation sup-
ports the walls, and around the top of the walls
lies a reinforced concrete bond stone which ties
them together. Interior partition walls are of wood
studs and lath, plastered. The adobe walls are
surfaced with a lime plaster on the interior and
have an exterior stucco coat of mud plaster. The
plaster was applied with a steel trowel, and after
it had dried was given one spray coat of diluted
linseed oil.

Steel casement windows with inside screens
were used. All but one door was made by hand.
Heavy, hand-split shakes cover the roof. The
house plan includes a moderate-sized living room,
two bedrooms, bath, a concentrated kitchen and
dining nook, rear service porch, dining porch
opening on a rear garden, and an attached garage.
The house has a large basement. It was from the
basement excavation that the material was secured
for making the walls. — Christian Science Monitor.

OUR SENTIMENTS, TOO

Indiana Society of Architects questions the
value of advertising building materials when illus-
trated by ugly or improperly designed buildings.
as being misleading in that it leaves a false im-
pression on the minds of the public as to what
constitutes design, and sometimes leaves a wrong
idea of the materials, to their disadvantage.

Entrance Vestibule, Shell Oil Building, San Francisco
Walls of French Botreville Marble

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P. J. Walker Company, Builders

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The Architect and Engineer. October, 1931

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The Architect and Engineer, Inc.

1662 Russ Building

San Francisco

California

94 The Architect and Engineer. October. 1931

ARCHITECT'S ADVICE NEEDED

Real estate men are recognizing that design
is the primary factor in building, according to
Frederick W. Garber of Cincinnati, a director
of the American Institute of Architects, who pre-
dicts that the future of group housing will be a
combined effort of the real estate man and the
architect.

"Not only from the standpoint of economy but
from the more important standpoint of design,
real estate men are willing to concede that the
plotting of subdivisions is becoming more and
more the function of the architect," declares Mr.
Garber.

"When I first began practice, it was rare for
an owner to consult the architect before he ac-
quired a site. Today, invariably the wise owner
consults his architect before a purchase is made.
The architect's judgment is sought.

"Design is, of course, the architect's most im-
portant function. All other functions are sub-
servient to it. Good design was never so import-
ant as now. It has a real money value to the
investor. Every branch of the building industry,
and those outside, have come to a realization of
this fact.

"In all branches of the industry, large and
small, the architect is expected by the owner and
contractor to furnish the leadership. This makes
it necessary for the architect to be a business man
capable of managing all the necessary diverse
branches created by his design. He must also
have a knowledge of how his client's work can
be financed.

"Just so long as buildings must be designed,
and drawings representing the design are made
a matter of contract, the wise owner will use the
architect to protect his interests. If a contractor
assumes the architect's function, and some con-
tractors do, the owner is at a great disadvantage.

"When a contract is taken at too low a figure,
or changes are made after the contract is let, if
the contractor is also the architect, the owner has
an architect particularly partial to the contractor.
In such a situation, the contractor with a con-
science would never be credited with one. This
may be ancient history, but it cannot be repeated
too often. The architect, as we conceive his dut-
ies, cannot be a general contractor who guaran-
tees cost.

"To meet competition, some architects have had
to assume some of the functions of a general con-
tractor. Many architects are operating success-
fully by dividing the building operation into its
many parts and awarding contracts accordingly.
They build up. successfully, an organization to co-
ordinate all branches of the work. They claim

herever the waste
system must handle any
corrosive liquids . . . install

...as permanent insurance
against costly leakage...
Write for Full particulars

THE DURIRON COMPANY, INC.

DAYTON, OHIO

Resilient
Buildind Pauper

U. S. Patent No. 1,595,637

ARCHITECTS PREFER BROWNSKIN
FOR ITS "FACTOR OF SAFETY"

THE Factor of Safety in Brownskin is Resilience —
its inherent ability to stretch and contract between
walls without splitting or tearing when distorted by
building strains — settling and shrinkage.

Where non-resilient papers are torn wide open
under such distortions Brownskin presents always an
impassable barrier to wind and weather as long as the
building stands.

It is, therefore, the actual performance of Brownskin
"on the job" that inspires the confidence of the many
Architects and Builders who always insist on
Brownskin.

Samples and adequate proof of the Superiority of
Brownskin will be sent you on request.

ANGIER CORPORATION

PACIFIC COAST DIVISION

4710 Santa Fe Avenue Los Angeles, California

The Architect and Engineer, October. 1931

Clinton Grilles

> > match the hardware

/COVERED radiators have brought perforated
^metal grilles into the lime-light. This is true
not only in the public building, but in the home
as well. With new prominence has come the
demand for selected finish. Clinton Metal
Grilles in Wissco Bronze, may be had to match
any hardware or to harmonize with any color
scheme.

Let us send you our own handbook on Grilles. It is more
than a catalogue. It's a text book.

WICKWIRE SPENCER STEEL CO.

144 Townscnd Street
San Francisco

361 14th St. North
Portland, Ore.

1070 N. Alameda Street

Los Angeles

1025 Sixth Ave. South

Seattle, Wash.

Choose any type
Kennerson door

Ease of operation and con-
tinued trouble-free performance
are outstanding features.

Pacific Coast architects and
engineers recognize the proven
worth of Kennerson products
as thousands of installations will
attest.

KENNERSON MANUFACTURING COMPANY

361 Brannan Street San Francisco

Offices in Principal Pacific Coast Cities
Largest Pacific Coast Manufacturers of Steel Rolling Doors

a saving to the owner and no loss of time. This
practice will become common if the contractors in
some sections of the country do not mend their
ways.

"In many small cities the general contractor
is such only in name. Under these circumstances
the added burden of protecting the owner under
lien laws and distributing the funds so as to pre-
vent the so-called general contractor from financ-
ing his contract through sub-contractors is a her-
oic task. Frankly, most architects would rather
work through a general contractor. The solution
of this problem lies in a clarification of both ele-
ments of their function.

"Architects, real estate men, financiers, and
contractors are all vitally interested in the sub-
ject of legislation. It is to be regretted that the
entire industry cannot agree upon legislation, and
by combined effort force the enactment of proper
laws. Too many laws, on the other hand, are be-
ing enacted to solve problems that demand co-
operation and good business sense rather than
legal measures.

"The growing scope of the architect's functions
cannot be continued indefinitely. The value of
his functions should and will increase in import-
ance. The increase of functions, due, among other
things, to competition with contractors, should be
curtailed.

"The answer lies in all of the agencies of the
industry uniting definitely to fix the duties of each
individual agency. With a clear understanding
and statement of these duties much can be ac-
complished. The solution will not be easy, but a
unified building industry can make a place for
all to function in the interest of the owner."

EXCAVATION FOR BUILDINGS
A law regulating excavation for buildings en-
acted at the last session of the California Legisla-
ture is now in effect. It is an amplification of Sec-
tion 832 of the Civil Code and embodies princi-
ples which have been established by rulings of
the state courts. Following is the text of the law,
Chapter 776, Statutes of 1931 :

332. Lateral Support, et Cetera. — Each coterm-
inous owner is entitled to the lateral and sub-
adjacent support which his land receives from the
adjoining land, subject to the right of the owner
of the adjoining land to make proper and usual
excavations on the same for purposes of construc-
tion or improvement, under the following condi-
tions:

1. Any owner of land or his lessee intending
to make or to permit an excavation shall give
reasonable notice to the owner or owners of ad-
joining lands and of buildings or other structures.

The Architect and Engineer, October, 1931

stating the depth to which such excavation is in-
tended to be made, and when the excavating will
begin.

2. In making any excavation, ordinary care and
skill shall be used, and reasonable precautions
taken to sustain the adjoining land as such,
without regard to any building or other structure
which may be thereon, and there shall be no lia-
bility for damage done to any such building or
other structure by reason of the excavation, ex-
cept as otherwise provided or allowed by law.

3. If at any time it appears that the excavation
is to be of a greater depth than are the walls or
foundations of any adjoining building or other
structure, and is to be so close as to endanger the
building or other structure in any way, then the
owner of the building or other structure must be
allowed at least thirty days, if he so desires, in
which to take measures to protect the same from
any damage, or in which to extend the founda-
tions thereof, and he must be given for the same
purposes reasonable license to enter on the land
on which the excavation is to be or is being made.

4. If the excavation is intended to be or is
deeper than the standard depth of foundations,
which depth is defined to be a depth of twelve feet
below the adjacent curb level, at the point where
the joint property line intersects the curb and if
on the land of the coterminous owner there is any
building or other structure the wall or foundation
of which goes to standard depth or deeper, then
the owner of the land on which the excavation is
being made shall, if given the necessary license to
enter on the adjoining land, protect the said ad-
joining land and any such building or other struc-
ture thereon without cost to the owner thereof,
from any damage by reason of the excavation, and
shall be liable to the owner of such property for
any such damage, excepting only for minor settle-
ment cracks in buildings or other structures. —
Statutes 1931, Chapter 776.

NEW FEE SCHEDULE
Washington State Chapter, A. I. A., has
adopted a new price schedule: Commercial, edu-
cational and similar buildings, 6 to 7 per cent;
churches, colleges, etc., 7 to 8 per cent; residences,
alterations, store fronts, interiors, etc., 10 to 15
per cent. Two-thirds of the commission represents
production; one-third, professional fee.

A CORRECTION
Howard G. Bissell, 421 East Miner Avenue,
Stockton and not Frank Mayo, is associated with
Bliss & Fairweather on the Stockton Postoffice
Building. Mr. Mayo was formerly a partner of
Mr. Bissell but he has not been a member of the
firm for two years.

MR. ARCHITECT—

May we introduce our Window
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window planned?

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1710 SAN BRUNO AVENUE, SAN FRANCISCO

Pacific Coast Distributors

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OFFICES IN PRINCIPAL PACIFIC COAST CITIES
DISTRIBUTORS IN EVERY COMMUNITY

UNITED MATERIALS AND
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for the home and for the
skyscraper

Offices and Salesrooms

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San Francisco, Calif.

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Oakland, Calif.

HUmboldt 0198

The Architect and Engineer, October, 1931

Specify!

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Germ Proof

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Magnesite Floors
Hardwood Floors

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PHONE AT WATER

SAN FRANCISCO

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STEEL
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For a quarter of a century we have
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and by the job. Co-operation, prompt
deliveries and freedom from annoying
detail arc assured.

Qunn, Carle & Co., Ltd.

444 Market Street, San Francisco ^{

HARDWOOD DEALERS FOR PHILIPPINE
MAHOGANY

At the recent meeting of the Pacific Coast
Hardwood Dealers' Association at Victoria, B. C
the following statement and resolutions regarding
the marketing of Philippine mahogany were unani-
mously adopted:

"The Federal Trade Commission has decided
that 'Philippine mahogany' is a proper name for
Philippine hardwood possessing the characteristics
of mahogany, and which has been for many years
so known and sold.

"This is consistent with the established facts
and the principles of fair dealing. Importers and
dealers have both the opportunity and the obliga-
tion to apply this ruling so as to obtain great
benefit to the public and to the woodmaking
trades.

"Mahogany woods of different origin vary con-
siderably in color, weight, hardness and figure.
There are likewise wide variations in these physi-
cal qualities within woods of the same origin. Each
variety has one or more specific uses for which it
is best adapted. For some purposes mahogany
wood of soft texture and little if any figure is re-
quired and the more expensive hard and figured
wood is not desirable. In other cases wood of
hard texture and pronounced figure is best. It is
essential that those who supply mahogany woods
to the wood-working trade recognize these facts
and see to it that the lumber sold customers is
not only true to name and grade, but is properly
selected for those qualities calculated to fill the
customer's requirements.

"Philippine mahogany comprises within its
range of physical properties all of the qualities
which make mahogany one of the finest cabinet
woods. In Philippine mahogany there occur varia-
tions in texture, hardness, figure and color to the
same degree as in other mahogany woods. There
are uses for which Philippine mahogany is prefer-
able to all other mahogany woods, and there are
other uses where some other mahogany wood may
be preferable to Philippine mahogany. Intelligent
selection and grading will assure to the user the
quality and satisfaction requisite to complete pub-
lic service and sound business.

"Each type and kind of mahogany wood should
be sold under its own name and for those uses
for which each is best adapted. These are facts
which the hardwood industry must recognize if it
is to best serve itself by serving the public best.
These are facts known generally to the trade but
little understood by the public.

"Recognizing the obligation to deal fairly with
the trade and the public; grateful for the oppor-
tunity to be helpful to both; and to the end that

3-110

The Architect and Engineer, October. 1931

both the trade and the public may be made appre-
ciative of the qualities of each and all of the
mahogany woods, the Pacific Coast Hardwood
Dealers' Association hereby resolves, and its mem-
bers individually agree:

"I. That each kind or species of mahogany
wood, commonly recognized as such, shall be ad-
vertised, described and sold under names which
clearly indicate their respective origin and distin-
guish them from each other.

"2. That mahogany wood of the Philippine
Islands shall be advertised, described and sold
under the name Philippine mahogany so as to
clearly indicate its origin and distinguish it from
other mahogany woods.

"3. That only those hardwoods of the Philip-
pine Islands which possess all the characteristics
of mahogany wood shall be advertised, described
and sold as Philippine mahogany, and that the
chief forester of the government of the Philippine
Islands be invited to cooperate with the trade in
the United States in making this resolution effec-
tive. Be it further resolved by this Association:

"4. That methods of grading and selection of
stock be formulated to the end that each wood
user may obtain the grade and quality of Philip-
pine and other mahoganies which will produce
the best results for each specific use.

"5. That the cooperation of local retail and
wholesale lumber dealers and national and local
associations of furniture manufacturers and deal-
ers be obtained to make effective the principles set
out in paragraphs 1 and 2 of these resolutions, to
the end that both the trade and the public will be
informed and made appreciative of the virtues
of each kind of mahogany wood and the uses to
which they are best adapted."

LECTURES IN ARCHITECTURE
George N. Sprague of Philadelphia has been
appointed lecturer in architecture at the Univer-
sity of Southern California. Mr. Sprague is a
graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, has
studied abroad with Michel Jacobs in the Metro-
politan School of Fine Arts, New York, and has
practiced architecture in Philadelphia and Wil-
mington, Delaware.

With the opening of the fall term, the former
School of Architecture of the University of South-
ern California becomes a College, with entrance
direct from high school, providing for five years
of continuous study.

"Leading architectural schools of the United
States are adopting an unbroken five-year curri-
culum." according to a statement by Dean A. C.
Weatherhead.

HAWS Sanitary Drinking Fountains

Comprise a complete line of sani-
tary drinking fountains to meet
every requirement.

Model
7-B

Beautifully finished models to harmonize

with color schemes — Equally efficient models

for utility purposes.

>,pu

HAWS SANITARY DRINKING FAUCET CO.

1808 HARMON STREET, BERKELEY

The specification for all drinking fountain occasions

THE CUTLER
MAIL CHUTE

The achievement of half a century's
experience in meeting the exacting
requirements of public use under
Post Office Regulations.

Simple, practical and sturdy in con-
struction. Can be opened and closed
quickly by Post Office representa-
tives andleft in perfect condition, with
no injury to structure or finish.

Full information, details and
specifications on request.

PRICE BUILDING SPECIALTIES,

San Francisco, California

CONTINENTAL BUILDING SPECIALTIES, Inc.

Los Angeles, California
D. E. FRYER & COMPANY, C W. BOOST,

Seattle, Washington Portland, Oregon

CUTLER MAIL CHUTE CO.

General Offices and Factory

ROCHESTER, NEW YORK

The Architect and Engineer. October, 1931

PROTECTION

Mueller pressure regulators provide
ample protection where it is most
needed.

The H 9000 protects the entire
plumbing installation. It prevents
water waste by controlling the flow,
eliminates water hammer by reducing
this pressure, stops the annoyance of
faucet splashing, while assuring full
volume at fixtures, prolongs the life of
the system, and minimizes repairs.

Established 1S57

San Francisco: 1072-76 Howard St. 2468 Hunter St.,
Los Angeles. Dallas: 901 McKinney Ave.

Trade Mark Reg. U. S. Pat. Office

HAVE YOU
RECEIVED

,^ft.,.ii yoUR

COPY OF THIS BOOKLET!

Architects and engineers interested in efficient
lighting and its latest developments are sending
for the Westinghouse booklet, "Banishing the
Twilight Zone from Modern Buildings." Write
today to the Westinghouse Lamp Company,
Dept. 203, 150 Broadway, New York City. You
will receive a copy promptly.

CONSULT A LIGHTING SPECIALIST
WHEN PLANNING A LIGHTING SYSTEM

£±

Westinghouse

ARCHITECT'S

TREE

PROBLEMS

SOLVED!

Our scientific system of tree pres-
ervation and surgery retains the
artistic beauty visioned in your pre-
liminary plans.

Our treatment saves the roots
(often endangered) and assures
beauty and symmetry.

Consult us without obligation
DAVEY TREE SURGERY CO., LTD.

972 Russ Building

San Francisco SUtter 3377

1103 Storey Building

Los Angeles TUcker 1929

CALIFORNIA WAGE LAWS
Important rulings on points raised in connec-
tion with the prevailing California wage law have
been made by Attorney General U. S. Webb in
response to inquiries made by State Architect
George B. McDougall. These are in brief:

1 . Wages of foreman must be included in pre-
vailing scale of wages determined under the law.

2. Only wages of men actually employed on
the structure itself by sub-contractors are af-
fected by the law; it does not apply to those
merely fabricating materials which might ulti-
mately be used in the job.

3. A simple statement that time and a half or
double time shall be paid for holidays and over-
time is sufficient.

4. Nothing is said in the law about board and
lodging of workmen but it is permissable to fix
a reasonable maximum rate that can be charged
by a contractor for the same.

Following is the text of the attorney general's
ruling:

"Your first question is whether in listing pre-
vailing wages for various crafts it will be neces-
sary to include the wages of foreman in addition
to the wages of journeymen. We answer the
question in the affirmative.

'Your second question is whether the prevail-
ing wage must be listed for mechanics working

112

The Architect and Engineer. October. 19 >1

LAMELLA
TRUSSLESS

ROOFS

FOR THE MODERN INTERIOR
SPANS FROM 30 TO 180 FEET

THE TRUSSLESS ROOF CO*

Los Angeles - Oakland - Portland

for subcontractors for branches of work handled
by planing mills, iron works, sheet metal works,
structural steel fabricating shops, etc.. the prod-
uct of whose work will eventually enter into the
building, but who are not actually working at
the site. As above noted, the act refers to subcon-
tractors as well as to contractors.

"I am of the opinion that in order to be consid-
ered a subcontractor subject to the provisions of
the act in the same way that the principal contrac-
tor is so subject, the subcontractor must equally be
employing laborers, workmen or mechanics on the
structure itself, and not merely fabricating mate-
rials which might ultimately be used in the build-
ing.

"Your third question is whether it will be neces-
sary to list a complete schedule of prevailing
wages for work on legal holidays and for over-
time work, or will it be permissible to cover these
items with the general statement that time and a
half or double time shall be paid for legal holi-
days and overtime work.

"I am of the view that the alternative procedure
which you suggest of stating that time and a half
or double time shall be paid for legal holidays
and overtime work, if in fact that is the prevail-
ing wage, may be followed.

"Your fourth and last question is whether this
statute permits the Director of Public Works to

Stanley
Ball Bearing Hinges

IOR smooth, trouble-free operation of
doors for the life of the building.

You will find our "Architect's Man-
ual of Stanley Hardware" very
useful in making up hardware
specifications. Send for a copy.

THE STANLEY WORKS
New Britain, Conn.

SAN FRANCISCO
576 Monadnock Bldg.|

LOS ANGELES
1202 Washington Bldg.

SEATTLE
501 Maynard Bldg.

[STANLEY]

DECORATED SANACOUSTIC

TILE.

^^SOUND ABSORBING MATER|Al_n

^noiiPiyn^

Z>]

£ 563 SECOND ST ^

The Architect and Engineer, October, 1931

113

DEPENDABILITY
"Since 1858"

LINOLEUMS

CARPETS -:- RUGS

DRAPERIES

:: ::
WINDOW SHADES

Estimates furnished

WHOLESALE CONTRACT DEPT.

562-572 MISSION STREET

SAN FRANCISCO

READING PIPP

■» GENUINE WROUGHT IRON ■■

Specified by Architects and Engi-
neers for many of the first class
buildings of the Pacific Coast
because of its Long Life and
Resistance to Corrosion.

ife^fe «»»4S|gUt^gl& >.«

Every Foot of Reading Genuine Wrought Iron Pipe ia
positively and permanently identified by the Reading
Spiral Knurled Mark. The name READING and the
year of manufacture are also rolled in the metal on
every length. Each Reading Nipple bears the Reading
Knurled Mark for your positive identification.

READING IRON COMPANY

READING. PENNA.

San Francisco:
Balboa Building

Los Angeles:
Pacific Mutual Bldg.

set a maximum amount which contractors may re-
quire their workmen to pay for board and lodging.

"There is nothing in the act directly referring
to board and lodging of workmen.

"I understand you refer to public work that
may be performed, for example, for the construc-
tion of public roads where road camps are main-
tained by the contractor, which camps furnish
board and bed for the laborers. If in fact the
contractor is required to pay whatever the pre-
vailing wage may be and at the same time is
permitted to exact from his employees for board
and bed a sum of money that is unreasonable and
in excess of the maximum amount that is gen-
erally charged throughout the state in similar
camps, he would be permitted to defeat the very
purpose of the act.

"Such a practice would amount to the employer
demanding a rebate from his workmen, which
would decrease their per diem pay to a sum
below the prevailing wage that the act contem-
plates must be paid.

"I am of the view that in order to prevent such
an avoidance of the terms of the act, it is permis-
sible for your department to fix a reasonable
maximum rate that can be charged by any such
contractor for board and bed furnished to his
workmen. You will of course exercise every dis-
cretion to fix this rate in accordance with the
actual conditions that prevail in such camps
throughout the state."

A HIGH-TEST INSULATING BOARD

A new "high test" insulating board and lath
recently announced by the United States Gypsum
Company has unusual structural strength and sev-
eral other improvements which should materially
increase the usefulness of this type of insulation
to the architect.

The board is felted of hardwood fibers as a
single unit by an advanced process. Because of
the method of felting and the selected fibers, the
company has been able to combine high insula-
tion value with extraordinary transverse and nail-
ing strength. Low water absorption is another
feature claimed for this board, a sample immersed
in water for twenty-four hours having absorbed
but 14 per cent by volume. The board is suitable
for sheathing under clapboards, brick, or stucco.
as well as for wallboard and lath.

By a special technic the company has succeeded
in giving the board a very hard face surface,
which is difficult to scuff and resistive to air in-
filtration. The surface, which is a uniform light
ivory color and semi-textured, is very economical
of paint. When left undecorated. the board may
be cleaned with wallpaper cleaner.

The Architect and Engineer. October. 1931

A unique feature of the insulating lath and
tile board is a tongue and groove joint, which
reduces the cracking of plaster to a minimum,
prevents the lath being spread and forced out of
alignment by pressure of the trowel, and provides
a continuity of insulation.

The company also announces an innovation in
the form of an 18x32 in. tongue-and-groove board
with four beveled edges, which, when applied
without joint treatment, produces a neat and re-
strained tile effect. Because of the insulation and
sound absorption qualities of the material, it is
suitable for use in such places as the class rooms,
auditoriums and gymnasiums of schools. An-
other use for which the product is peculiarly well
adapted is for application over old cracked ceil-
ings in houses, store buildings, etc.. where it
serves the triple purpose of a permanent finish,
heat insulation, and sound absorbent.

LbOOK RLVILWS

THE CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS ME-
MORIAL LIGHTHOUSE COMPETITION.
Prepared by Albert Kelsey, F. A. I. A. and
issued by the Pan-American Union.
This volume contains a considerable number of
the designs submitted in the several competitions
for the final selection of an architect to build a
Monumental Lighthouse at San Domingo in the
Dominican Republic. Each design shown is ac-
companied by a short criticism.

The drawings in most instances are very strik-
ing and show originality and considerable in-
genuity. A few appear to be hardly practical
for the purpose intended.

This competition has been entered by archi-
tects and engineers from nearly every country
in the civilized world.

THE ORDERS OF ARCHITECTURE (Greek-
Roman and Renaissance) by Arthur Stratton.
F. R. I. B. A. Published by the J. B. Lippin-
cott Co.. Philadelphia. Pa. Price $8.00.
Well illustrated by eighty plates which demon-
strate the application of the orders in architec-
ture; also several small drawings. The book is
well presented and should be invaluable to the
younger members of the profession.

REAPPOINTMENTS MADE
Frederick H. Meyer of San Francisco and A.
M. Edelman, Los Angeles, have been reappointed
to the State Board of Architectural Examiners by
Governor James Rolph.

SOULE STEEL CO.

Los Angeles • San Francisco ■ Houston • Portland

DISTRIBUTORS IN PRINCIPAL WESTERN CITIES

Lacquer finishes are beautiful.

Lacquer finishes are durable.

Lacquer finishes are noivporous.

Lacquer finishes are easy to clean.

Lacquer finishes are time saving.

Lacquer finishes are being used more and
more by the most up'to-date architects.

We will gladly send you suggested schedules
[or finishing.

R. N. NASON & CO.

151 Potrero Avenue
San Francisco

The Architect and Engineer. October, 1931

115

Another Lindgren & Swinerton, Inc.

Contract Completed

22 STORY MILLS TOWER, SAN FRANCISCO

Lewis P. Hobart, Architect

Complete
the Circle of Protection

Life Insurance

plus

Life Insurance Trust

Life insurance is good — a
man should take out all
he can afford. But don't
stop there. Remember —
life insurance provides
money — but not the abil-
ity to manage it.

The Life Insurance Trust
fills this lack — completes
the circle of protection. It

is an arrangement be-
tween you and the bank
providing for the collec-
tion and investment of
your life insurance estate,
the payment of income to
your dependents, and the
final disbursement of
principal, all exactly as
you direct. Call or tvrite
for details.

TRUST DEPARTMENT

Wells Fargo Bank
Union Trust Co.

Since 1852

Two Offices:

Market at Montgomery and

Market at Grant Avenue

SAN FRANCISCO

KINNEAR ROL-TOP DOOR

A new type of garage or service door has been
recently placed on the market, called the Rol-Top.
manufactured by the Kinnear Mfg. Co., of Co-
lumbus, Ohio.

The door, through its design and ease of oper-
ation, may be likened to the old fashioned roll
top desk. The door is made of several hinged
wood sections reinforced and strengthened by
steel ribs or truss members that run across each.
Ball bearing rollers are placed on the ends of
these sections and they travel in a steel track
bolted to the wall at the side of the opening and
along the ceiling. When the door is opened it
rolls up along the ceiling where it is out of the
way, requiring no floor or wall space and where
it cannot be battered around by the wind.

To make the door easy for even a woman or
child to operate, a single helical spring at the top
of the opening acts as a perfect counterbalance.
The connection of this spring with the bottom
of the door is made by steel rope or cable.
Weather tightness of the door is accomplished by
a throated guide bracket placed at the end of the
vertical trucks which forces the door snug to the
jamb when it is closed.

Saving space, and operating rapidly and easily,
as well as effecting a new type of door neatness,
this door is proving as popular for commercial
buildings as for residential garages. Suited for
motor operation the door may be operated by any
number of remote operating stations. Where it
is desired to have an extremely wide opening a
moveable mullion or center post may be used in
connection with two doors. If the doors are to
be used in front of hydraulic lifts, they may be
arranged to give the necessary clearance between
the floor and the horizontal tracks.

PERSONALS

Gardner A. Dailey. architect, announces the
removal of his offices to the Shreve Building. 210
Post Street, San Francisco.

James W. Plachek, architect, of Berkeley, and
Mrs. Plachek have returned from a most enjoy-
able trip abroad. They were absent four months
and visited many foreign countries of interest.

Edwin L. Snyder of Berkeley, accompanied by
Mrs. Snyder, sailed last month for France, and
after an extended stay there will visit Spain and
Italy. They plan to be away six months.

Julian C. Mesic has recently returned from sev-
eral months' stay in Europe, and has resumed his
work as clay modeler of architectural studies.

116

The Architect and Engineer. October. 1931

Send for

Catalog

Kraftile High Fired Faience

for walls and floors

Proof against cracking, crazing, fading,
acid, frost and wear

Display Ro

525 Market Street

San Francisco

HYLOPLATE BLACKBOARDS

Years of constant usage in schools

throughout the United States is

evidence of the architects' faith in

this durable material.

SCHOOL SUPPLIES : SCHOOL EQUIPMENT

AUDITORIUM SEATING : OFHCE EQUIPMENT

C F WEBER 8c COMPANY LTD.

Los Angeles, Ca

>— HARDEN EDi,-.' ..CONCRETE—'

For better - looking:, longer - serving
concrete floors:

Metalicron: The metallic integral
hardner. Master Mix: Liquid inte-
gral hardner. Colored Master Built
Floors: Three types.
Also integral and surface waterproof-
ings.

Coast Distributors

Los Angeles: San Francisco:

The Master Builders Co. The Master Builders Co.
426 So. Spring Street Mills Building

Portland: Seattle:

McCracken-Ripley Co. Tourtellolte-Bradley, Inc. Wm. N. O'Neil Co., Ltd.

Oakland:

Builders Exchange

Spokane:

R. H. Hoskins

Why Specify WALWORTH?
BECAUSE.

From the modest residence to the largest hotel,
the most elaborately-equipped hospital or the tow-
ering skyscraper, there is a Walworth valve or
fitting for every requirement of the piping system.

The complete Walworth line offers unequalled
opportunity for the designer and builder to stand-
ardize on one make of quality valves and fittings
for all piping needs.

WALWORTH CALIFORNIA COMPANY

235 Second Street. San Francisco, California
San Jose Fresno Sacramento Stockton Oakland

UTTlEfflciAHf

Pump Governors

Safety Pump Governors

Automatic Gas Regulat-
ing Valve.

Ga. Burners

Gas Burning Equipment

Vacuum Pump Governors

Vacuum Regulating
Valves

Continuous Flow Steam
Traps

Thermostats

Reducing Valves

Boiler Feed-Water
Regulators

Oil Heaters
Relief Valves
Oil-Burner Governors
Little Giant Improved

Oil Burners
Oil Pumping Sets
Oil Valves
Oil Strainers
Steam Oil Strainers
Duplex Oil Pumps
Rotary Oil Pumps
Boiler Feed Pumps
Water Heaters
Oil Meters

VAUGHN -G. E. WITT CO., Engineers

C. W. VAUGHN. President and Manager

MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS

4224-28 Hollis St. Phone OL ympic 6084

Emeryville, Oakland. Calif.

Kent-Costikyan

FOUNDED 1886

485 FIFTH AVENUE-SECOND FLOOR

Opposite Public Library

NEW YORK

Hand Woven Rugs in Stock and Made to Order

ntals Chinese Spanish Anbusson Savonnerie Kuropea

Wide Seamless Plain Carpets

Miss Aimee A. Lozier, Resident Representative

Hotel Granada, San Fr

816 So. Figueroa St., Los Angeles

See Our Catalogue in Sweets

COLUMBIA
VENETIAN BLINDS

Were Specified and Installed in the

OAKDALE SCHOOL

Chico, California

Chester Cole, Architect

WILLIAM RAPP & COMPANY

Manufacturers of Windoiv Shades

Jobbers of Venetian Blinds

20 and G Streets, Sacramento

Phone Mam 7485

MODE RN today . . . means
gas-equipped throughout

quick

The Architect and Engineer. October, 1931

117

DWAN & CO.

532-534 SIXTH STREET
SAN FRANCISCO

Building

Construction

Products

Have You a Catalog

Kewanee

TypeC

&»*.**»*«

637 Minna St., San Francisco, Calif.
Telephone MA rket 3612-3613

G. H. BROWN

Hardwood Co.

1044-1058 Forty-Seventh Avenue
Oakland, California

Telephone FRuitvale 8305 - 8306

A TURNSTILE THEATER
The automatic theater has
spread to Hollywood and, as
usual, with skillful and artistic
improvements. Retaining S.
Charles Lee. architect, the
Hughes-Franklin organization is
erecting what is no doubt this
year's most unique playhouse.

A vacant store 30 ft. by 100 ft.
in a building of brick construction
is utilized. The entire front is of
structural glass of black and gray.
with an illuminated glass ceiling
and base.

Bulletin frames are of auto-
matic changing type, carrying
three different messages, assisted
by talking copy that whispers out
through a grille which is a part
of the poster frame.

The front street exit doors are
also utilized as poster frames, giv-
ing a maximum display, despite
the small frontage. A portion of
the frontage is used for a soft
drink concession that opens into
the foyer, thus serving both loca-
tions.

The box office has disappearing
glass sides that are only used in
inclement weather; at other times
the girl is sitting at a glass coun-
ter in close contact to the patron.
No tickets will be used. The cash-
ier, on making change, operates a
turnstile control. Change is dis-
pensed by a remotely controlled
change machine and appears on
the counter automatically from
the wall.

Golden Gate
Atlas Materials Company

BUILDING PRODUCTS

16th and Harrison Streets
SAN FRANCISCO
Phone HE miock 7020

CHAS. STOCKHOLM

& SONS

Contractors

Russ Building, San Francisco
Phone DO uglas 4420

A Beautiful
Home

The November Archi-
tect and Engineer
will feature the E. J.
Sweetland House in
Piedmont — an out-
standing achievement
in domestic architec-
ture, Frederick H.
Reimers. architect.
In the same number —
renderings by the late
Harrison Clark.

SASH CHAIN IN BAGS

For the convenience of builders we pack No. 00 and No. 000 Sash Chain
in bags containing 100 Feet of Chain and 7 Sets of Fixtures (consisting of
28 No. 00 Hooks and 28 No. 44-3 Spirals) enough for hanging seven double
hung windows.

Attached as illustrated they provide a simple secure fastening that will last
a lifetime. Plain Steel Coppered

Finishes: Sherardized Hot Galvanized

THE SMITH & EGGE MFG. CO.

BRIDGEPORT, CONN.

118

The Architect and Engineer, October. 1931

CAEN
STONE

A KEFINED, ELEGANT,
j^W INTERIOR FINISH

A. KNOWLES

CONTRACTING
PLASTERER

432 CALL BUILDING
San Francisco

COEN COMPANY

OIL BURNERS

1 12 Market Street, San Francisco
Phone SCttcr 2838

& S<oin$9 lime,

PAINTERS
DECOKATORS

165 Grove Street, San Francisco

Phone MA rket 0721

After passing through the
turnstile, the patron enters a ves-
tibule and approaches a door that
opens electrically before it is
reached, and remains open until
passed, then closes.

The foyer is lighted with mod-
ernistic strips in the ceiling and
gives an impression of spacious-
ness, eliminating any store-effect
or feeling. The commercial side is
played up in this foyer by having
two candy vending machines de-
signed to fit the architecture of
the foyer. A penny weighing ma-
chine is also included in the foyer
equipment.

A novel drinking fountain is
built in the foyer. It is operated
by the new electric-eye principle:
upon bending over to drink, the
water flows automatically from
the faucet.

A chromium-plated handrail
marks the stairs to a lounge and
rest rooms on the second floor.
Here another surprise greets the
visitor: an ultra modernistic, clev-
erly-decorated little room with
candy, gum and cigarette dispens-
ing machines, and also an auto-
matic photographing machine.

The auditorium, with a capacity
of 300. has only two aisles. It has
a bowl-shaped floor, and the sight
sound conditions have been ex-
pertly handled. The lighting is
designed in the walls and ceilings,
creating a very unusual effect of
scale and proportions; together
with a practical system of refrig-
erated air located in the basement
under the sidewalk.

T^e FM(?lity and

(asualty (ompany

of New York

CASUALTY INSURANCE

and

SURETY BONDS

California Office
INSURANCE CENTER BUILDING
206 Sansome Street, San Francisco

Assets. $33,000,000 ; Surplus, $11,000,000

JACKS & IRVINE

Builders

74 New Montgomery St.

San Francisco

Phone: KE amy 1536

YOUNG
H0RSTMEYER

BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION

461 Market Street

San Francisco

Phones SUtter 6257-58
Paul B. Young A. L. Horstmeyer

chas. r. Mccormick lumber cd.

LUMBER-TIMBER-PILES-SPARS
LATH-SHING-LES-FIR-TEX

GENERAL OFFICE

215 Market Street

Phone DOuglas 256 1

YARDS and TERMINAL

2000 Evans Avenue

Phone VAlencia 2700

SUN FRSHCISCD, CSIIFORNIK

The Architect and Engineer, October, 1931

Phone DOuglas 1120-1121

Larsen and Larsen

General Contractors

629 BRYANT STREET
SAN FRANCISCO

David Nordstrom

CONTRACTOR
BUILDER

354 Hobart Street, Oakland

Phone GLencourt 7400

Contractor for school buildings de-
signed by Chester Cole, architect, at
East Nicholas, Sierraville and

Oakdale.

Robert W. Hunt Company

ENGINEERS
Inspections - Tests - Consultation

Inspection and Tests of Structural
Steel, Reinforcing Steel
and Cement.
Field Inspection and Supervision
of Construction of Steel and
Concrete Structures.
Cement, Concrete, Chemical. Met-
allurgical, and Physical
Laboratories.
Chicago - New York - Pittsburgh

All Large Cities
San Francisco, 251 Kearny Street

FRANK W.BERGMAN

Fine Decorating
Murals

848 Mills Building
San Francisco

Phone DOuglas 0109
Studio: UNderhill 903!

BUILD NOW AT BARGAIN
PRICES

Garages and skyscrapers, street
and schoolhouses. any kind of
structure, can be built today at
costs from one-fourth to nearly
one-half lower than they could
a year ago. reports gathered from
all sections of the country show.

Lower prices of building mate-
rials, along with the drop in
wages, due to widespread unem-
ployment, are the reasons for the
prevailing bargain prices in con-
struction. Building, of course, is
not at a complete standstill but
those who are erecting homes, ex-
panding office or factory space,
building streets and roads, and
are having repair work done, are
doing so at prices that will give
their structures an inherent value
they would not possess if built at
peak prices.

Ample illustration of the bar-
gain prices now obtainable are
found in Augusta. Georgia, which.
with its population of 60,000. may
be termed an average American
city. In Augusta a hotel is soon to
be built and furnished for half a
million dollars which will be 16
stories in height and will have 183
rooms. This hotel would have cost
almost twice that amount in 1929.
In that same city a 300-room
hotel costing $1,250,000 was built
when prices were high. The new
hotel will have a per-room cost of
approximately $2,730. while the
hotel built in 1929 had a per-room
cost of $4,170, a cost per room
about 50 per cent in excess of the
projected hotel.

Although the following state-
ment is not to be taken as propa-
ganda for more filling stations, the
cost of constructing them illus-
trates the economies available.
Filling stations that once cost
$3,000 to erect are now being put
up for $1,500.

Those who have been saving
up their pennies to buy their own
homes may live to a ripe old age
before the present building prices

Mo-lybniervum
' IRON

Central Alloy
Steel Corporation

MASSILLON. OHIO

BLACK GALVANIZED

and BLUE ANNEALED

SHEETS

Western Representatives:

ANDREW CARRIGAN CO.

Rialto Building, San Francisco

Equitable Bank Building. Los Angel.-
Dexter-Horton Building, Seattle

&Mf0

INGOT^#IRON

AMERICAN ROLLING
MILL COMPANY

Phone MA rket 3495
540 TENTH ST., SAN FRANCISCO

THE TORMEY
COMPANY

GENERAL PAINTERS
AND DECORATORS

Phone WA lnut 3639

563 FULTON STREET
San Francisco

HATELEY &
HATELEY

PLUMBING
AND HEATING
CONTRACTORS

1710 TENTH STREET

Phone MAln 2478

SACRAMENTO. CALIFORNIA

120

The Architect and Engineer. October. 1V31

AD-A-ROOM BEDS

Convert a Hotel Guest

Room into a Comfortable

Sleeping Room

Marshall & Stearns Co.

Division of the Rome Company

Manufacturer!
San Francisco: Phelan Building;

DO uclas 0348

Oakland: 411 Nineteenth Street
HO liday 5686

CRAN E

High Class Plumbing
Fixtures

All Principal Coast Cities

LUXOR

WINDOW SHADES

Translucent Shading

of highest count

cambric

William Volker & Co.

631 Howard Street

San Francisco

AMERICAN STUDIOS, Inc.

1062 Folsom St., San Francisco

Manufacturers of Stage Equip-
ment, Draperies, Curtains, Car-
riers, Stage Rigging Equipment,
Counterweight Systems, Motion
Picture Screens, Scenery

Technical Department under

Supervision of Dariel Fitzkee

Free Service to

Architects and Engineers.

Phone MArket 0646

20,000 Sq. Ft. of Manufacturing
Facilities

will be obtainable again. Small
homes that formerly cost Augusta
citizens $3,000 are now being
built for $1,800. Similarly homes
that once cost $10,000 may now
be built for $6,000.

Municipalities, forever faced
with the need for expanded facili-
ties, are also obtaining bargains
for taxpayers. The city of Au-
gusta, for instance, laid plans to
construct a levee at a time when
it was estimated that the cost
would be $125,000. Recently bids
were taken on the project and it
was awarded to a contractor for
$65,000.

In planning the North Augusta
bridge, engineers calculated that
the cost would be about $1 15,000.
Because of the drop in construc-
tion prices it was determined to
change the original specifications
in order to obtain a much better
bridge. The final contract was let
for $80,000. but if the original
specifications had been used the
cost would have been no more
than $65,000. A bargain price and
a better bridge.

New York City is building an
elevated highway along the west
side of Manhattan Island. Re-
cently bids were taken on the sec-
tion between 22nd and 38th
Streets. The contractor who was
awarded the job submitted a bid
that was nearly $395,000 below
the city engineer's final estimate
of $1,131,000. The highest bid-
der's figure was more than one
hundred thousand dollars below
the sum set by the city.

The Federal Government also
has given advantage of low con-
struction costs in its widespread
improvement program. For in-
stance, a contractor accepted the
job of building a postoffice in
Rock Hill, South Carolina, for
$176,000— $99,000 less than the
government appropriation. San-
derville. Georgia, is getting a
$70,000 postoffice for $39,000.
while Thomson, Georgia, is get-

APEX

Blo-Air Fan Heaters

Portable and Wall Types

1320 watts to 4000 watts
Thermostat Control if Desired

Blo-Air Heaters use a fan to circu-
late the air instead of depending upon
the slow process of gravity circulation.
Instant heat and a greater amount in
the lower living zone of the room, with
the same consumption. Fan can be
used without the heat for cooling.
Switches easily accessible at top. Can
be installed under windows.

There is a complete line of Apex Air
and Water Heaters.

APEX Manufacturing Company

Oakland, California

Distributors

SANDOVAL SALES CO.

557 Market St.. San Francisco

APEX SALES CO.

1855 Industrial St., Los Angeles

Office
Partitions

Reinhold sectional wooJ and
glass partitions (interchange-
able) may be adapted to any
modern office requirement in a
new or old building.

Complete Information File
sent on request

Pacific Manufacturing
Company-
High Class Interior Finish
Quality Millwork

Monadnock Bldg-, 641 Merrill Ave.,
San Francisco Los Angeles

GA rfield 7755 AX ridge 9011

1315 Seventh Street, Oakland
GLencourt 7850

The Architect and Engineer, October, 1931

W^TmL^W

Built-in heater for bath rooms,

breakfast nooks, dens and small

bedrooms.

WEIR ELECTRIC APPLIANCE CQ

26th and Adeline Streets, Oakland

ASSOCIATE WHOLESALE ELEC. CO.
1159 S. Los Angeles St., Los Angeles

LANNOM BROTHERS
MFG. CO., INC.

■rXHKf

ARCHITECTURAL
WOODWORK

BANK, STORE and OFFICE
FIXTURES

FIFTH AND MAGNOLIA STREETS
Oakland, California

WM. F. WILSON
COMPANY

MODERN SANITARY
APPLIANCES

Special Systems of Plumbing for

Residences, Hotels. Schools, Colleges,

Office Buildings, Etc.

Phone EXbrook 5680-5681

240-242 FOURTH STREET
San Francisco

MacDonald & Kahn

General
Contractors

Financial Center Bldg.

405 Montgomery St.

San Francisco

ting a $70,000 postoffice for
$37,000.

In general the most needed
projects in the country are those
that will give more motoring space
and safety to motorists. A number
of communities are taking advan-
take of the present prices in build-
ing structures which eventually
would have to be built. For in-
stance, in Ohio a 5-mile section of
the National Road is being paved
to a width of 30 feet at a cost of
$144,400. more than $52,200 less
than the estimated cost.

Between Columbus and San-
dusky a 20-foot pavement is being
resurfaced with concrete for a
length of eight and one-half miles
at a saving of nearly $75,000.

Inasmuch as construction work
requires more hand labor than al-
most any industry, communities
all over the country are turning
attention to the extension of pub-
lic improvements so that the great-
est number of men will be given
work and so that funds for wel-
fare purposes can be reduced.
Kansas City and her home county.
Jackson, recently adopted a num-
ber of bond issues which totalled
$40,000,000. This money is to be
devoted to all sorts of public
structures from pavements to court
houses. According to surveys be-
tween 75 and 80 per cent of all
money devoted to construction
eventually finds its way into the
pockets of workmen. By that
token laborers will receive some
$30,000,000 in the next few years
through the Kansas City pro-
gram. During the campaign for
the Kansas City bond issues a
local newspaper learned that the
total extra tax for one year levied
on a carpenter would be about
$10. But, the paper pointed out.
that carpenter could expect many
days more work during the year
than he would otherwise receive
and that it would take only one
day's pay for his extra contribu-
tion in taxes.

Yet in the face of today's low
costs, countless public improve-

JAMES
A. NELSON, INC.

Heating and Ventilating
Power Plants

DEHYDRATION PLANTS

HOWARD AND TENTH STREETS

SAN FRANCISCO

Phone: HEmlock 0140

W. H. PICARD, Inc.

PLUMBING, HEATING,

VENTILATING and

POWER PLANTS

5656 College Avenue

5662 Keith Avenue

Oakland California

Phones PI edmont 9004-9005

Unit Ventilators

Used for heating and
ventilating offices,
schoolrooms, etc. Con-
sists of motor driven
fans which force out-
door air over steam
radiators into the
room. Provision is
made for filtering and
controlling temperature of discharged air.
Advantages— independent operation for
every room — elimination of ducts and fan
room — high efficiency. Casings are about
the size of an ordinary radiator and are
finished like a piece of fine furniture.

The B. F. Sturtevant Company
San Francisco, California

1772-B

P. J. MILEY
and

JOHN GKACE

General Contractors

511 Claus Spreckels Building

San Francisco, California

Phone DOuglas 4109

122

The Architect and Engineer. October. 1931

Ocean Shore
Iron Works

550-558 EIGHTH STREET

MArket 0462 0463

San Francisco California

STEAM BOILERS
STEEL TANKS
SMOKE STACKS

• WATER •

• HEATERS •

Architects, We Specialize in

Sound Control

and

Insulation Materials

E. K. Wood Lumber Co.

Lumber and Millwork
San Francisco - Oakland - Los Angeles

CLERVI

MARBLE CO.

MANUFACTURING CONTRACTORS

Foreign and Domestic
Marbles

Interior 8C Exterior Buildings

Office 8i Mill, 1721 San Bruno Ave.

Phone MI saion 6625
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.

ment projects which would require
many workmen are still in the pa-
per stage. The President's Emer-
gency Committee for Employment
since last December has had re-
ported to it over $6,000,000,000
worth of planned public work.
During the first half of the year
it is estimated that only $2,000,-
000,000 worth of these projects
have reached the constructive
stage, with $4,000,000,000 still on
paper. In many cases the money
has been made available for the
planned projects but local con-
flicts and red-tape have held up
the actual work. Men need work
and taxpayers need bargain prices.

NOTES FROM THE
NORTHWEST
(Pacific Builder and Engineer)
Miss Helen Graham, daughter
of John Graham, Seattle architect,
became the bride of Arthur Brock
Park, at a garden wedding held
at the summer home of the bride's
parents at Port Madison, Wash-
ington. The wedding party took
a short cruise in British Colum-
bia waters aboard the Graham
yacht Blue Peter. After an ex-
tended honeymoon journey in Eu-
rope, Mr. and Mrs. Park will make
their home in the Orient.

R. Max Thorne, architect, of
Renton, Washington, is keeping
extremely busy since he took up
the duties as city engineer.

Cougars, rattlesnakes and gold
mine prospecting, made life inter-
esting for Edwin J. Ivey, Seattle
architect, during his wilderness
retreat into the Siskiyou Moun-
tains the latter part of August.

Hauser and Poyo is the name
of a recently organized firm
which is starting the general prac-
tice of architecture in the Lyon
Building, Seattle. Special atten-
tion is paid to design in the Span-
ish mode. The senior member.

SCHINDLER©

228 IC8h Stst-eir
Phone ,MArk#t 0474
CABINET WORK -
COMPLETE INSTALLATIONS

store bank &orinc&t

FIXTURES

H AR DWOOD^I NT£RfORS§

Neal Townley Cfailds
Landscape Architect

MENLO PARK,

CALIFORNIA

Phone SUttor 1414

Hunter & Hudson

Consulting Engineers

DESIGNERS OF HEATING
VENTILATING AND WIRING
SYSTEMS, MECHANICAL
AND ELECTRICAL EQUIP-
MENT OF BUILDINGS
SX9
41 SUTTER STREET

ROOM 718
San Francisco California

The Architect and Engineer, October. 1931

REDWOOD BLOCK FLOORS

are Smooth, Resilient. Dustless
and Durable
Rect-.t l-.r.- .s'.'.ons:
PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC CO.
GOODYEAR TIRE 4 RUBBER CO.
HALL-SCOTT MOTOR CAR CO.

key sys sit co.

cal:forxia saw works

SOUTHERN PACIFIC CO.

Our EMpxeerimt Deftrtment a
tt your strrke jar consultttio*
■without obliftiou to you

Redwood Block Floor Company

BRYANT AT EIGHTEENTH STREET
San Francisco. Calif.
Phone HE mlock 0S9J

GOOD BUILDINGS

ENGINEERING GROUP. U. C.

Berkeley

SOUTHERN PACIFIC HOSPITAL

San Francisco

CALIFORNIA INK BUILDING

San Francisco

RETUL CENTER GARAGE

Oakland

IMPERIAL REALTY BUILDING

San Francisco

MORRIS PLAN BANK

San Francisco

BARRETT ft HILP

SIS Harrison Street. San Francisco
Phone DOugla; "

MacGruer <&. Co «

Contracting
Plasterers

Plain and Ornamental

266 Tehama Street. San Franeiae*
Pacific Mutual Building. Los Anrelei

O. Monaan

H. E. Rahlraana

MONSON BROS.

BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION

475 SIXTH STREET
S*n Francisco

Telephone KEarnr 0(38

Lawrence S. Hauser. is a gradu-
ate of the University of Washing-
ton.

Prize-winner Ralph Bishop, in
the draftsmen sketch competition
staged bv the Tacoma Society of
Architects, was the guest of honor
at the weekly meeting of the soci-
etv held Monday noon. August
31. at the Rhodes Tea Room. On
August 24. A. Gordon Lumm dis-
cussed rock gardens before the
societv. Earl Dugan was master
of ceremonies on both occasions.

E. T. Osborn. architect, and
C. T. Adams, engineer, are now-
located in the Lumber Exchange
Building. Seattle, where thev are
working on several projects likely
to materialize in the near future.

For the coming academic year
Professor Theodore J. Prichard.
head of the Department of Art
and Architecture at the Univers-
itv of Idaho, will study at Har-
vard University where he holds
a scholarship. During his absence
Paul R. Ihrig will fill the position.

Representative photographs,
sketches, renderings and models
from the various offices created a
verv active interest among visi-
tors to Spokane's Golden Jubilee.
The exhibit was held in a centrally
located store-room, which was
taxed to capacitv during many
hours of the three davs.

Julius Zittel of Spokane. Glen
Morgan and Lawrence Hauser of
Seattle were named delegates to
the Northwest Building Industry
Conference at Spokane at the ini-
tial fall meeting of the Washing-
tone State Society of Architects
September 10. at the Gowman
Hotel. Seattle.

Edward F. Pinneh. member of
McClelland. Pinneh and Jones.
Seattle architectural firm, returned
September 5 from a four months'

WSJ. SLOAN E

RUGS : CARPETS

LINOLEUMS

FURNITURE

DRAPERIES
WINDOW SHADES

Estimates Gladlv Submitted

216-228 SUTTER STREET
SAN FRANCISCO

Eitabtijhed 1MJ
Phone: GA rfield 282"

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Recc-.: Contracts Cc-.r'.eted

Library Building

Berkeley
Women's Club Building

Berkeley
Citv Hospital

' Palo Alto
Masonic Home

Decoto

K. E. PARKER CO.. ESC

135 South Park San Francisco

Phone KE arny 6640

Chicago

HOSPITAL

SILENT CALL
SIGNAL SYSTEMS

GARNETT YOUNG AND CO.

Pacific Com SaJea Enrineen
SSO FOURTH ST. SAN FRANCISCO
Seattle Loa Antelea Portland

JOSEPH MUSTO

SONS-KEENAN

COMPANY

MARBLE

and

ONYX

535 NORTH POINT STREET

SAN FRANCISCO

1S#I S. SOTO STREET

LOS ANGELES

Tht Architect and Engineer. October, 1931

NATIONAL MILL AND

LUMBER CO.

PACIFIC TANK AND

PIPE COMPANY

Now Operated by

SUNSET
LUMBER COMPANY

MILL WORK
PINE AND REDWOOD LUMBER

TANKS AND PIPES
PACIFIC FIVE-PLY WALLBOARD

400 High Street, Oakland
Phone AN dover 1000

What architects and all who build have
learned to expect from Quandt craftsmen:

"Co-operation for i^uality "

Materials applied efficiently and expeditiously
by brush or spray application to achieve the
best result at the minimum cost to the owner.

A. Quandt & Sons

Painters and Decorators

Since 1885

374 Guerrero street, San Francisco

Telephone MArket 1711

Quandt-quality is available for the small job
as well as the large. Pioneers and Special-
ists in the application oj Lacquer in the
architectural field. Complete decorative
color schemes designed and furnished,
'ce for technical painting requirement
shed. Our operations are state-wide.

Phone DOuglas 2370

R. McLERAN
8C CO.

GENERAL
CONTRACTORS

HEARST BUILDING
San Francisco, Calif.

"American - Marsh '
PUMPS

"DAYTON"

A ir Compressors

'KEWANEE"

SIM0NDSMACHINERYC0.

816 Folsom Street 520 Fast 4th Street

San Francisco Los Angeles

Phone DO uglas 6794 Phone HU trial 832

tour of Europe, where he served
as delegate to the International
Rotary Convention in Vienna,
Austria.

At a special noon meeting, Sep-
tember 22. at the College Club,
Seattle, an illustrated lecture on
Mexican architecture was given
by Richard Pearce. A. I. A. The
proposed drive against depression
backed by the Tacoma Society of
Architects was discussed.

The firm of Johnson and Wall-
work, U. S. Bank building, Port-
land, have been retained on the
$140,000 federal building at
Marshfield, Oregon. Work on the
plans will begin at once and actual
construction will be under way
within a few months.

DATA ON SIMPLIFIED
PRACTICE

The American Institute of Ar-
chitects has arranged with the di-
vision of simplified practice of the
National Bureau of Standards to
get pertinent material on simpli-
fied practice recommendations
into the hands of each of its mem-
bers, according to Edwin W. Ely,
chief of that division.

The Institute has been active
in supporting the simplification
movement since the government
first sponsored simplified practice
in 1921. LeRoy E. Kern, techni-
cal secretary of the Institute, has
pointed out that simplified prac-
tice is not standardization. Its
purpose is to bring about greater
simplification in industry by vol-
untarily limiting varieties of stock
items to those for which there is
constant demand.

The architect, although a strong
individualist, realizes the benefits
and savings inherent in simplifica-
tion and at the same time knows
that his individuality and original-
ity of design are not impaired
when simplified building materials
are specified.

T0MPKINS-KIEL
MARBLE COMPANY

505 Fifth Avenue
NEW YORK CITY

Monadnock Building
SAN FRANCISCO

Chester Williams Building
LOS ANGELES

ELEVATORS

Passenger — Freight

Spencer
Elevator Company

166-180 SEVENTH STREET
San Francisco. Cal.

H. T. BROOKS

•

CONTRACTING

PLASTERER

Chico, Calif.

Plastering Contractor on all the build-
ings designed by Cole and Brouchard,
and illustratted in this issue.

F0RDERER
CORNICE WORKS

Copper Roofs

Galvanized Iron Work

Elevator Doors

269 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco
Phone BEmloek <III

The Architect and Engineer, October, 1931

125

The latest and

BEST ideas in hot

(Ofj^f-qt!|

1 water science are

Ft&9

embodied in the

ft PITTCRIIRR

<Ci1 h

*j»rll luDUnu

| It insures superior

\\q(F- — -ii-^3

9 hot water service.

yjfcjili-^

PITTSBURG
h WATER
4) HEATER CO.

f 478 Sutter Street
San Francisco

^ Phone SUtter 5024

Anderson & Ringrose

General Contractors

320 Market Street, San Francisco
Phone DO uglas 1373

Each member architect is being
supplied with a complete list of
simplified practice recommenda-
tions, and is being informed of
the opportunities to obtain comp-
limentary sheet form copies of any
of the recommendations listed.
This service, established for con-
sumers or users of commodities
simplified, has proven very popu-
lar and effective. Among the many
associations representing users of
simplified commodities that have
already taken advantage of this
service are the National Associa-
tion of Purchasing Agents, the
American Railway Association,
the National Electric Light Asso-
ciation, the American Gas Asso-
ciation, the American Electric
Railway Association and the
American Water Works Associa-
tion.

Mr. Ely stated that this same
service will be extended to other
associations upon request.

Grinnell Automatic
SPRINKLER

GRINNELL COMPANY

OF THE PACIFIC

ENGINEERS AND
CONTRACTORS

VALVES, PIPE and FITTINGS

CHEMICAL FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

and FIRE ENGINES

Fifth and Brannan Streets
San Francisco

G.W.Williams Co., Ltd.

BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS

315 Primrose Road
Burlingame

Phone: Burlingame 6300

CHAS.D.VEZEY

&SONS

cs9G~
Building Construction

VEZEY BUILDING

3220 Sacramento Street, Berkeley

Phone OLympic S901

OIL BURNERS

For use in Homes, Apartments,
Commercial and Industrial Build-
ings. Listed as standard by Under-
writers Laboratories.

Mode and Guaranteed by

S. I. Johnson Co.

940-950 Arlington St., Oakland, Calif.

Factory Branches:
San Francisco. Sacramento, Stockton,
San Carlos. Calif. ; Philadelphia, Pa.

ALSO DISTRIBUTORS FUEL OILS

RAY COOK
MARBLE CO.

IMPORTED AND DOMESTIC
MARBLES

For Building Construction

Factory and Office:

FOOT OF POWELL ST.. OAKLAND

Phone Piedmont 1009

DINWIDDIE

CONSTRUCTION
COMPANY

Builders of the Russ Build-
ing and Hartford Insurance
Building, San Francisco; Life
Science Building, University
of California, Berkeley; Cen-
tral Bank Building, Oakland;
Glidden Factory, Berkeley.

CROCKER BUILDING
SAN FRANCISCO

Complete
Kitchen Equipment

and
Dining Boom Service

Kitchen Ranges Sinks

Dish Washers Silver

Coffee Urns Cutlery

Stands Hotel China

Steam Tables Hotel Glassware

Tile Contractors

Our Estimating Department Prepares

Plans and Specifications

Mangrum - Holbrook Company

Phone MA rket 2400
1235 Mission Street San Francisco

CLINTON

CONSTRUCTION

COMPANY

of California

BUILDERS AND MANAGERS
OF CONSTRUCTION

923 Folsom St. San Francisco

126

The Architect and Engineer, drinker. 1931

THE

Architect

AND

ENGINEER

Santa Barbara Competition Indefinitely Postponed - Page 62

NOVEMBER, 1931

EGULAR
MAINTENANCE

The Otis Elevator Company provides regular main'
tenance and service inspections for every Otis installation.
The architect and builder have found that vertical transpor-
tation must be safe, comfortable and fast. These three re-
quirements when applied to building plans and specifications
involve a highly complex set of problems.

Otis can resolve them into one because Otis co-operates
in the development of plans and specifications without obli-
gation. If Otis elevators are decided upon, the architect
and builder can determine all details of mechanical and
operating equipment in one contract. This includes cars,
doors, accessories and decorations; installation; and for a flat
yearly sum complete maintenance and inspection of all
equipment.

Careful architects and engineers specify Otis. They
know that Otis supplies the most modern and up-to-date
vertical transportation. They know that Otis maintains that
transportation to the highest point of perfection.

OTIS

ELEVATOR COMPANY 3395K?.

THE WORLD

PROBABLY no architect
in this country has his opinions
broadcast more often than Frank
Lloyd Wright,. When this learn-
ed gentleman has something to
say he says it. He's as fearless in
his denunciation of architectural
offenses as he is brave in advocat-
ing revolutionary methods of de-
sign and construction.

His lectures are replete with
thought - provoking statements as
evidenced by the following:

"I think that for us to build any
more ornamental buildings, as
such, is just criminal waste, now.
But, on the other hand, some of
the so-called mechanistic buildings
in the name of the straightline and
the flat-plane have become fetish
or a fad in the name of aesthetics.
You get not much nearer to ulti-
mate truth with these new build-
ings than with the old ornamental
buildings. Because when you get
below the surface, no matter how
plain "modernistic'' is — it is still
merely ornamental. You are in
the istic of the ism, and in just
the same fix as the fellow who
sticks to his ornament in the defi-
nite old fashioning of his building.

"I don't think it would be too
much to say that in America today
there is not a single public build-
ing and very few private build-
ings owned by the very rich that
could be characterized as thought-
built, genuine product of Amer-
ican thought or of American life.
We have had with us dead thing?
that we have sentimentally taken
as live traditions. For one.
Thomas Jefferson's architecture
that he brought with him to the
East. And for another, that which
Father Junipero brought up from
Mexico into California, Southwest.

"We have no free architecture,
because such 'license' as we have
practiced in architecture is not
'freedom': nevertheless we arc
privileged. But as privilege, we
have pillaged the storehouse ot
the world in the name of Tradi-
tion and have proudly encumbered
the land with the results.

"The ancient ideal, of course,
was some block of building mater-
ial, a great heavy block, the heav-
ier the block the better. The more
heavy and solid it looked to be the

better it was. Buildings were built
like ancient fortifications. They
had to be. Life then was different.
You had to fight for your life in-
stead of for your living.

"Glass, steel (steel like the
spider spinning ) is making the
new buildings all the while lighter
and stronger. And by means ot
glass we are making the environ-
ment and the building itself all
grow together in one natural
thing.

"I believe that architecture and
architects may become true proph-
ets of our future.

"I believe this would soon come
to be if the architects themselves
got solid grasp on these new con-
cepts of architecture; because
while the Spirit of architecture has
not changed, its form must abso-
lutely change, as we ourselves
have had to change."

AND here we have Mr.
Wright's advice to the young ar-
chitect:

"Forget the architectures of the
world except as something good
in their way and in their time.

"Do none of you go into archi-
tecture to get a living unless you
love architecture as a principle at
work, for its own sake — prepared
to be as true to it as to your
mother, your comrade, or yourself.

"Beware of the architectural
school except as the exponent ot
engineering.

"Go into the field where you
can see the machines and methods
at work that make the modern
buildings, or stay in construction
direct and simple until you can
work naturally into building-de-
sign from the nature of construc-
tion.

"Immediately begin to form the
habit of thinking 'why' concern-
ing any effects that please or dis-
please you.

"Take nothing for granted as
beautiful or ugly, but take every
building to pieces, and challenge
every feature. Learn to distin-
guish the curious from the beau-
tiful.

"Get the habit of analysis —
analysis will in time enable syn-

thesis to become your habit ot
mind.

Think in Simples' as my old
master used to say — meaning to
reduce the whole to its parts in
simplest terms, getting back to first
principles. Do this in order to pro-
ceed from generals to particulars
and never confuse or confound
them or yourself be confounded
by them.

"Abandon as poison the Amer-
ican idea of the 'quick turnover.
To get into practice 'half-baked'
is to sell out your birthright as an
architect for a mess of pottage, or
to die pretending to be an archi-
tect.

"Take time to prepare. Ten
years preparation for preliminar-
ies to architectural practice is little
enough for any architect who
would rise 'above the belt' in true
architectural appreciation or prac-
tice.

"Then go as far away as pos-
sible from home to build your first
buildings. The physician can bury
his mistakes — but the architect can
only advise his client to plant
vines.

"Regard it as just as desirable
to build a chicken-house as to
build a cathedral. The size of the
project means little in art. beyond
the money-matter. It is the qual-
ity of character that really counts.
Character may be large in the little
or little in the large.

"Enter no architectural competi-
tion under any circumstances ex-
cept as a novice. No competition
ever gave to the world anything
worth having in architecture. The
jury itself is a picked average. The
first thing done by the jury is to
go through all the designs and
throw out the best and the worst
ones so, as an average, it can aver-
age upon an average. The net re-
sult of any competition is an aver-
age by the average of averages.

"Beware of the shopper for
plans. The man who will not
grubstake you in prospecting for
ideas in his behalf will prove a
faithless client.

"It is undesirable to commercial-
ize everything in life just because
[Please turn to Page 125]

The Architect and Engineer, November, 1931

^fc Every architect should have the facts and
information about this STEELTEX
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EVERY ARCHITECT SHOULD HAVE
THIS INFORMATION 7tQy\) /

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NATIONAL STEEL FABRIC COMPANY, AiE-931

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WORLD'S

OF WELDED STEEL FABRIC

The Architect and Engineer. November. 1931

VOLUME 107
NUMBER 2

THE

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER

NOVEMBER
1931

FREDERICK W. JONES, Editor
EDGAR N. KIERULFF, Ass't. Editor

Contributing Editors

CLARENCE R. WARD, San Francisco

CARLETON MONROE WINSLOW,
Los Angeles

HAROLD W. DOTY, Portland, Ore.

CHAS. H. ALDEN, Seattle, Wash.

Consulting and Advisory Editors
J. HARRY BLOHME
LEWIS P. HOBART
TIMOTHY L. PFLUEGER
ELMER GREY
CLARENCE A. TANTAU
WM. L. WOOLLETT
WILL P. DAY
JOHN BAKEWELL, JR.
EDWIN L. SNYDER
THOMAS J. KENT
WM. E. SCHIRMER
J. STEWART FAIRWEATHER
JOHN W. GREGG
EMERSON KNIGHT
CHAS. H. CHENEY
ALBERT B. MANN
JULIAN C. MESIC
H. J. BRUNNIER
L H. NISHKIAN

Contents

COVER— Detail, Housi

of Ernest J. Sweetland

Frederick H. Rcimers, An hit, , t

FRONTISPIECE— Front Entrance, House of Ernest J. Sweetland, Piedmont
Frederick H. Reinsert, Architi ct

TEXT

House of Ernest J. Sweetland, Piedmont. California 19

Frederick Jennings

Patios and Fountains of Old Spain 35

Clarence Cullimore, A. 1. A.

"Consult an Architect" 4q

Wells Bennett

Getting Uncle Sam Out of the Architectural Game 53

Competition for a Roadhouse Camp at Santa Barbara 62

Tree Surgery, an Aid to the Architect 63

A". L. Davey

A City of Brick . 69

Norman W. Kelch, Archil,, 1

Four Counties Interconnecting Bay Bridge 71

L. H. Niskkian, Consulting Engineer

The Architect's Viewpoint 74

With the Architects 77

PLATES AND ILLUSTRATIONS

Street View 20

Breakfast R n 20

General View 21

Boy's Den 21

Garden View 22

Conservatory 22

Terrace View 23

Plans 24

Detail :;

Facade 27

Detail 29

Great Hall 31

Grand Staircase 35

e la Acequi;
:ish Garden
of Mr. and

of Dr. and

Granada

! Cullimore, Architect

Harrison Clarke's Work

Trial Garden for Citrus Fruits 44

Residence for Dr. W. H. Roberts.. 45

Robert Scoles Cottages 45

Hotel at Bishop 47

Waterfront Atmosphere 47

Patio and Sun Room 48

An Entrance Court 49

Preliminary Sketches for Hollywood

Ritz Hotel 50

The Hollywood Ritz Hotel 51

Temple B'Nai B'Rith 52

Stock Exchange, Los Angeles 55

Ranch House 54

Hotel and Villas 55

The Los Angeles Times Building.... 57

Photographs of Boulder City Houses 68-70

Published monthly by THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER, INC.
1662 Russ Building, San Francisco, California

W. J. L. KIERULFF, President and Manager FRED'K. W. JONES, Vice-President

WILLIAM W. BRADFORD, Advertising Manager

L. B. PENHORWOOD. Secretary

Subscriptions— United States, $4.00 a year; single copy, $ .60. Canada, $5.00 a year. All other foreign countries. $6.00 a ye«

Sturlevant

FRONT ENTRANCE, HOUSE OF E. J. SWEETLAND. PIEDMONT, CALIFORNIA
FREDERICK H. REIMERS, ARCHITECT

THE

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER

NOVEMBER 1931
VOLUME 107
NUMBE R TWO

HOUSE OF ERNEST J. SWEETLAND,
PIEDMONT, CALIFORNIA

by FREDERICK JENNINGS

HE lovely home of Ernest J.
Sweetland in the Piedmont hills, Califor-
nia, is as charming in its setting as it is
artistic in its graceful architectural lines.
The house is situated on a gently rolling
hillside, away from the street, the entrance
approach consisting of an alternate series
of steps and landings of irregular paving
blocks of neutral purple and green slate. A
grand old oak at the left of the wide slate
walk, casts its morning shadows through
the library window and against the warm
coloring of the Bath sandstone wall as
naturally as though its four hundred odd
years of growth had been given for this
particular purpose. Indeed, the blending of
the early English architectural lines of the
house into the rolling slopes of the hillside,
supported by a row of irregular boxwoods
at the base, gives one the feeling that the
house, as well as the trees, may have grown
out of the landscape.

Entering through the heavy oak door
the formality of the French marble walls
of the vestibule is quickly forgotten by
the sight at the south end of the great
hall of a galloping rocking-horse, a large

family of dolls and a miscellaneous assort-
ment of other toys — indisputable evidence
of the presence of children of which there
are seven in the Sweetland family.

The dark oak panelling of the hall is
softened by the light from a large Gothic
window over the stair landing. Down the
hall to the left is the living room with its
huge log fire burning cheerily behind
screened gates of ornamental iron.

At the end of the living room, to the left
as one enters, is a small conservatory, or
flower room, with tiled floor and leaded
glass Gothic windows from which may be
seen a generous expanse of lawn, simple in
its beauty, and unbroken by flower beds or
shrubs.

Walking back through the hall, a door
on the ricjht leads to a tiled breakfast room,
flooded with sunlight in the morning; while
to the left is the octagonal dining room,
which receives the afterglow from the west
at dinner time. This room, like the others,
is warm in feeling and simple in its ele-
gance. It is unadorned except for the pale
golden yellow window drapes and pendant
lanterns, one in each of the eight corners.

The same large cathedral window which
is seen at the stair landing from the main
hall, throws a flood of light into the hall-
way on the second floor from which radiate
the master bedroom, a cozy upstairs sitting
room, guest room, etc.

STREET VIEW, HOUSE OF E. J. SWEETLAND, PIEDMONT .CALIFORNIA
Frederick H. Reimers, Architect

BREAKFAST ROOM, HOUSE OF E. J. SWEETLAND
Frederick H. Reimers, Architect

Beautiful oak trees, colorful flower beds,
selected shrubbery and a generous ex-
panse of lawn space, add the final touch
to this architectural ensemble.

One of the most interesting features of
the upper floor is the boys den which, so
far as the interior is concerned, gives one
the feeling of being in a log cabin in the
high Sierras, rather than in a modern city
home. The walls are of natural logs and are
well decorated with trophies.

Throughout the house is an atmosphere
of hominess and comfort, showing every-
where the influence of a loving mother and
contented children. Art and utility have
been combined to an unusual degree in
planning the owner's workshop in the base-
ment. "The room of rooms," he calls it, and
sufficient machinery to build an airplane,
not without justification. Equipped with
this room affords its owner every opportu-

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

HOUSE OF E. J. SWEETLAND, PIEDMONT, CALIFORNIA
Frederick H. Reimers, Architect

Sharp gothic details, slate roof of soft,

pleasing tone and exterior walls of light

texture concrete, are contributing factors

to this successful design.

nity to satisfy his hobbies — mechanical ex-
perimentation, chemical research and land-
scape painting. Examples of his craftsman-
ship are mute evidence of his versatility.

The house is sheltered from the trade
winds by a sloping hill on the west and
warmed by an unhampered southern ex-
posure. Shrubs and flower beds thrive in
simple but beautiful informality. As one
steps out upon the slate tiled terrace which
overlooks the garden, and beholds the soft
green billows of oak trees that cover the
hills beyond, the impression he gathers is
that here, indeed, is the realization of the
dreams and aspirations of its creators —
owner, architect, builder, decorator and
landscape engineer.

BOYS' DEN, HOUSE OF E. J. SWEETLAND
Frederick H. Reimers, Architect

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

GARDEN VIEW. HOUSE OF E. J. SWEETLAND. PIEDMONT. CALIFORNIA
Frederick H. Reimcrs. Architect

CONSERVATORY. HOUSE OF E. J. SWEETLAND. PIEDMONT, CALIFORNIA
Frederick H. Reimers. Architect

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER. 1931

TERRACE VIEW, HOUSE OF E. J. SWEETLAND. PIEDMONT. CALIFORNIA
FREDERICK H. REIMERS, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

PLANS. HOUSE OF E. J. SWEETLAND. PIEDMONT. CALIFORNIA
FREDERICK H. REIMERS. ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER. 1931

DETAIL. HOUSE OF E. J. SWEETLAND, PIEDMONT. CALIFORNIA
FREDERICK H. REIMERS. ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

OUTLINE SPECIFICATIONS

Residence of E. J. Sweetland,

Piedmont. California

Problem —

To build a beautiful home for a family of nine,
plus servants. The house was planned in design
and construction to last for future generations
and was carefully placed on the building lot in
relation to trees, view, exposure and landscape
scheme. The main hall is cut into three compon-
ent parts to eliminate, on account of size, a pub-
lic building character. Placing of rooms in rela-
tion to each other as to circulation, view, sun and
convenience was all carefully studied. Conven-
ience to the garden and terraces from most rooms
was considered too so as to make the garden a
livable connection with the interior of the house.
Landscape work includes tennis court and green-
house.

Construction —

Reinforced concrete frame. Vapor heating sys-
tem with oil burner. Metal lath throughout in-
terior with hair and lime plaster. All electric and
telephone wires in conduit. Complete laundry
equipment with drying room. Plate glass win-
dows and steel door and window sash.

Exterior —

English bathstone veneer, light cream color. Serv-
ice wing of Roman brick and stone trim. Roof
heavy purple slate. Gutters, leaders and iron-
work leaded. Woodwork natural oak finish.

Interior —

Living room, breakfast room, library and halls,
oak finish with compo on canvassed walls. Wal-
nut finish in dining room. Oak floors through-
out, except ballroom which is maple. Kitchen
walls and ceiling tile: floor linoleum. Bathrooms
have tile floor and wainscott with colored fixtures.
Flower room, tile floor and wainscot. Breakfast
room, floor tile.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER. 1931

FACADE. HOUSE OF E. J. SWEETLAND. PIEDMONT. CALIFORNIA
FREDERICK H. REIMERS, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

NOVEMBER, 1931

HOUSE OF E. J. SWEETLAND

Piedmont. California

Frederick H. Reimers, Architect

Landscape Gardening —

H. W. SHEPHERD, University of California,
Berkeley.

General Contractor —

F. C. STOLTE, 3449 Laguna Street, Oakland.

Mill Work—

LANNOM BROS. MFG. CO., 5th and Magnolia
Streets, Oakland.

Brick—

UNITED MATERIALS & RICHMOND
BRICK CO., LTD., 525 Market Street, San
Francisco.

Plumbing —

SCOTT COMPANY, 113-10th Street, Oakland.

Plumbing Fixtures —

CRANE CO., 346-9th Street, Oakland.

Painting and Decorating —

GURNETTE & CHANDLER. 51 Beaver Street.
San Francisco.

Decorating, Rugs. Draperies, Furnishings —
GILBERD'S. 625 Sutter Street, San Francisco.

Roofing —

GENERAL ROOFING COMPANY, 3985
Beach Street, Oakland.

Decorative and Floor Tile —

SOLON 6 SHEMMEL, 1881 So. First Street,
San Jose.

Sfee/ Sash —

MICHEL & PFEFFER IRON WORKS, 1415
Harrison Street, San Francisco.

Lime for Interior Base-Coat Plastering —
UNITED STATES LIME PRODUCTS
CORP., 5S Sutter Street, San Francisco.

Heat Regulation —

JOHNSON SERVICE COMPANY, Rialto
Building, San Francisco.

Marble —

JOS. MUSTO SONS-KEENAN COMPANY,
535 North Point, San Francisco.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

DETAIL, HOUSE OF E. J. SWEETLAND, PIEDMONT, CALIFORNIA
FREDERICK H. REIMERS, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

GREAT HALL, HOUSE OF E. J. SWEETLAND. PIEDMONT, CALIFORNIA
FREDERICK H. REIMERS, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

GRAND STAIRCASE, HOUSE OF E. J. SWEETLAND, PIEDMONT, CALIFORNIA
FREDERICK H. REIMERS, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

FOUNTAIN OF LINDARAJA. ALHAMBRA,
GRANADA, SPAIN

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

PATIOS AND FOUNTAINS OF OLD SPAIN

by CLARENCE CULLIMORE, A. I. A.

.N Sunny Spain where the intimate
home patio is an integral part of the
house plan, just as essential to the well-
being of the Spaniard as our own living
room is to us, there are to be found many
unpretentious garden suggestions applica-
ble to American home gardens of limited
scope and resources.

How fortunate that Isabella and Ferdi-
nand, in the year 1492, when they con-
quered the Kingdom of Granada, the only
remaining stronghold of the Moors in
Spain, were unable to expel the Moorish
influence in architecture and the Moorish
spirit that still haunts the gardens and
courts and patios of Andalusia, a spirit that
finds melodious expression in numerous
fountains. The most characteristic note in
Moorish landscaping, indeed, is the use of
tiny but exquisite waterfalls and pools,
streams and sprays of water.

Although the old well with ornamental
iron well-head is not appropriate for our
modern American requirements, there are
in countless small domestic patios of Anda-
lusia, also tiny gurgling fountains flush with
the walk at path intersections. These are
usually in a geometrical shape and outlined
by gay colored tiles, with basins lined with
transparent blue or vivid green.

The fountains are nearly always small.
In a land where the dry season is so long
and where water is precious, there are no
areat cascades as in the Garden d'Este at
Tivoli or such tremendous thundering jets
as at the Nymphenberg. No doubt the
economy of nature is largely responsible
for the gentle, restful use of water in the
small gardens of southern Spain.

For the Moors, a garden was a secluded
spot, even if it had to be made so by a high.

encompassing stone wall. Here trees, and
shrubs, and flowers had their place, but that
was not enough. A small, quiet pool played
into by fluty jets, a tiny, singing stream, or
a harp-like spray of water made perpetual
harmony in the midst of the perfumed peace
of this little bit of paradise.

In America the walling-in of a garden is
gaining in favor. This is especially notice-
able in California where the Spanish-Moor-
ish influence is strongest. Here we find
many small homes taking advantage of
their ground to the fullest for the benefit
of their own family and their friends.

We must not judge Moorish gardens
solely by those well-known examples on
the main arteries of tourist travel, such as
the Garden of the Lindaraja at Granada,
surrounded by fragrant laurels and melan-
choly cypresses. The Court of the Lions in
the Alhambra is another famous example,
although in the days of Moorish occupa-
tion, it contained not a fountain of lions at
all, the lions being brought there later by
the Christian conquerors who had no re-
ligious scruples against using such figure;;
in their architectural decorations. The long,
narrow pool in the Generalife garden at
Granada, with its slender intermingling
jets, giving out a sense of light and purity,
is always inspiring and has a keynote of
perpetual peace. Even the Generalife. al-
though a delicious Moorish garden, per-
haps ten centuries old, is not entirely typi-
cal.

One must visit the smaller parks and pri-
vate patios in order to realize how charac-
teristic is the use of a small amount of run-
ning water in gardens. Frequently the
parks and public gardens with their palms
and roses, oleanders and myrtle hedges
carry out the quiet Moorish influence to
some degree with small fountains sur-
rounded by azulejos. In one such park there

PATIO. DE LA ACEQUIA. GRANADA

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

Wote Pebble Pavement

A MOORISH GARDEN AND FOUNTAIN

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

NOVEMBER, 1931

is a lily pond and at one end stone benches
and bookcases where one may enjoy a book
in the open air by the waters' edge.

This priceless heritage from old Moor-
ish-Spain is one of the most charming at-
tributes of Andalusian patios. Here there
is scarcely a home garden without a trickle
of water somewhere in it. Often there is a
wall-fountain, perhaps in a setting of gay-
tiled Moorish geometrical pattern, often a

often laid in running motifs or floral design
which gives a charming colorful texture to
a simple garden path.

Another most pleasing effect is obtained
by the use of earthern jars and curved
tapering flower pots containing bright
flowers and shrubs placed on wall copings,
or at the walk's edge or about a tiny pool
or lily pond, wherever an excuse for them
may be found. It is quite common also to

GARDEN D' ESTE AT TIVOLI, ITALY

tiny pool fed by a ribbon jet, or a trickle
over mossy rocks in a fern-filled niche,
makes music in the secluded Spanish patio
of today.

Even the public fountains in the plazas,
where the housewives and children of the
village fill their jugs sometimes are archi-
tectural gems of historical value.

Another simple and very effective detail
of Spanish gardens is the texture of the
garden walk, often brick or tile or flag-
stones, but sometimes built up of myriads
of varicolored river pebbles laid on a ce-
ment base yet projecting above it and giv-
ing a rough mosaic effect. These walks are

find such flower pots attached to the blank
white sides of buildings by means of scrolls
and iron hoops or gorgeously arrayed in a
wrought iron window grille.

In the western and southern part of our
own land, coming under the influence of
early colonization from Spain, there has de-
veloped a type of American architecture
that finds its inspiration in Andalusia. Es-
pecially in California, where the climate is
so similar to that of the Mediterranean,
there are developing many small home gar-
dens that bid fare to perpetuate in America
the intrigueing charm of the ancient Moor?
in the use of melodious fountains.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

HOUSE OF MR. AND MRS. FIRMAN EYRAUD, BAKERSFIELD, CALIFORNIA
Symmes & Cullimorc, Architects

HOUSE OF DR. AND MRS. C. E. PRYOR, BAKERSFIELD, CALIFORNIA
Clarence Cullimore, Architect

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

"CONSULT AN ARCHITECT"

by WELLS BENNETT

x[_^'UR September meeting of the Ar-
chitects' Association was a lively one,
with some vigorous and even personal re-
marks for and against professional adver-
tising. But the will to survive won, and we
voted by a comfortable majority to go in for
publicity in a big way. In the resolutions
as finally passed, the steering committee
felt that they had unified the antipodal
creeds of the go-getters and the die-hard
conservatives in a very tactful way. Printed
matter was to be thoroughly dignified;
practically confined to our names, alpha-
betically listed, and the phrase "Consult
an Architect.'' This was to be our slogan,
"Consult an Architect," and it was to be
quietly, yet frankly, stated in print every-
where.

The other phase of the campaign was
to be a series of weekly broadcasts through
our local station WARCH. These talks
were to be reserved and on a high profes-
sional plane, too, but there would be the
personal touch, or the personal sound, if
you like; the inspiring accents of a veritable
architect's voice, giving an authentic — and
of course convincing — picture of our pro-
fessional services to the individual, the com-
munity, and mankind. The plan of attack
being thus outlined, our meeting broke up
on a note of geniality and general optimism.
The necessary money, it had been decided,
was to be raised by assessment upon mem-
bers in proportion to prospects landed.

Since I have a good microphone manner
and a rather unusual carrying voice, I was

selected to give the first of the weekly
broadcasts. As it happened, I was going
over to South Bend, but that made no dif-
ference since we had arranged with two
other architects' groups to use electrical
transcriptions. So I made the record and,
the next Thursday night in the hotel in
South Bend, heard my own voice. It began
something like this:

"Dear friends of the invisible radio audi-
ence, and prospective clients everywhere. I
am about to bring you the message of that
most tangible, and at the same time the
most spiritual of the arts, Architecture. Ar-
chitecture is the mother art. Throughout the
ages man has not only been housed, but
his every civilized need has been more than
met, his highest motives and aspirations
more than expressed in the living rhythms
of architecture. As Madame de Stael has
said: 'Architecture is frozen music' ..."

Pretty strong stuff, you see. Well, after
this perhaps formidable opening, I gradually
eased into a carefully phrased discussion of
the architect's high professional integrity,
his altruistic service to his client and thus
to the world at large. I was at some pains to
describe in glowing colors the pleasures of
being a client, that sense of well-being that
lingers even after the first passion of build-
ing ardor has passed. On the side I
shrewdly handed a few small verbal bou-
quets to the realtors, contractors, and
craftsmen, "those who make our dreams
come true." Really it sounded awfully well
and I know it must have met with favorable
reception for in their programme the next
Saturday night the Nutt brothers, Ches and
Wal, voluntarily gave this recognition to
our profession:

Ches: "Wal, you're a builder. Did you
realize that architecture is the mother art?"

Wal: "Sure! Come to mamma, come to
mamma, do," and they went into their
song. A significant straw in the wind of
public opinion, I thought.

All this happened last week. Back in
town this morning I went down to the of-
fice more from force of habit than because
I had anything to do there. With me as
with my fellow architects things have been
terribly slow; quiet, as we say in the Mid-
dle West. Arrived at the building I let my-
self into my private office as usual, antici-
pating a peaceful morning with the last
week's mail. No sooner had I disposed of
my hat and stick, however, than Miss Blar-
ger, my secretary, stenographer, and speci-
fication writer, popped in, greeted me, and
announced that several people were wait-
ing to see me.

"Salesmen?" You see how low I was, but
she quietly opined that they were clients,
and said they all asked for me eagerly.
Could it be that the publicity campaign was
bearing early fruit? My professional tem-
perature was rising rapidly. One party, it
seemed, had been waiting at the door when
Miss Blarger opened the office. I indicated
that I would see them right away.

She smiled, and in a moment ushered in
three boys about sixteen, clean, more or
less freckled, their hair slicked down, pos-
sessed of numerous and large hands and
feet. They "were deadly serious and their
spokesman began:

"Coming down on the street car we were
talking about our scheme, and we saw your
placard in the car ads, 'Consult an Archi-
tect,' so we came up. You know our base-
ball team, the Woodchucks — they won the
city pennant last year. Well, Mr. Lafe
Bledsoe, the butcher, owns some vacant
lots he's going to let us use, and we thought
maybe you architects would put up a build-
ing for us. Just a locker room and shelter,
and put up so we could move it if the lots
are sold. I guess the building is easy — we
know what we want — but you see you
could finance it and we'd let you and Bled-
soe paint your ads on the wall toward the
diamond. It would be swell publicity for
you." I said a few words about the dignity
of the profession, during which time their

wandering eyes were taking in the office.
Then, as they seemed to consider my re-
marks in the nature of an encouraging pre-
amble, I added that I would take their
proposition under advisement. They said
that they would be back tomorrow or next
day, after they had canvassed some other
possibilities.

This contact had been a trifle disap-
pointing and I rang for the next visitor. I
was seated at my desk but rose, I fear a bit
galvanically, as there was ushered in a
rather young, distinctly comely, and beau-
tifully dressed woman. Her voice was a de-
light; she was the completely charming, not
too cultivated, feminine client.

"Mr. Kent-Parsley?" I bowed, and at
my gesture she took a chair. One's mind
runs rapidly at such times. I foresaw a good
commission and many long, pleasant inter-
views. "I am Mrs. Brand Tredgold" ... I
had heard of the family. There was a flut-
tering moment of hesitation. I could only
look receptive and await her mood.

"You will wonder why I have come, but
I heard you talk so easily and persuasively
on the radio the other night, and when this
morning I caught your name in the Sun's
full-page ad it came to me that you'd be
just the one." She laughed, a low musical
laugh, a bit confidential, a bit embarrassed.
I smiled encouragingly, and she went on:

"You see, our little club . . ." — At last!
A new Women's Downtown Club, some
job! — "We're debating . . . we're debating
the question 'The city of West Harbor is
wet.' I'm captain of the negative team and
. . . Mr. Tredgold won't help me, and I've
just got to have some arguments. I felt so
nervous and blue until this morning I saw
that 'Consult an Architect,' and I came
right here." She beamed at me and took out
her pad and gold pencil.

"You've had lots of experience with
buildings and you must know if people are
or are not building blind pigs. I hope you'll
say they're not." For a moment I pondered
my Clinching the Client talk then, charmed,
I suppose, by her naivete, I discarded it in
favor of some informal reminiscences to
which she listened avidly, and upon which
she made many notes. When she left I

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

jotted on my desk pad, "Mrs. Brand Tred-
gold. Consultation, one hour." In case she
should come back.

The next client entering completely rilled
the door, at least in width. Short neck, jet-
black hair and mustache, small, snapping
black eyes — he was. I thought, of South
European origin. He looked almost too
capable physically but his expression was
the friendliest. Perhaps too ingenuous, but
these people sometimes have capital and are
good venturers on speculative building. In
his big, short-fingered hand he held a pic-
ture post card. Ah! a client who "wants
something about like this." His voice was
soft, his tone appealing:

"I'm Jack Morello. I come for my brother
Pietro. We got plenty money. You help
him out?"

"Yes, indeed, I'm sure I can," I replied.
He gave me the post card and I examined it
closely. It was a fine cut of the new State
Penitentiary here at West Harbor. The
name was in one corner and in the other
our slogan, "Consult an Architect." One
tiny dot of a window was marked with a
cross in red ink. A thick stubby finger
pointed to the cross:

"That's Pietro's window. You help him
out, yes?" The great hand rested easily on
my arm. My visitor's face was all smiles; he
had beautiful white teeth. "You start to-

day?" It was perhaps wrong to give tem-
porary comfort to this child of nature, but
he was so trusting. I promised to have some
preliminary sketches ready for him tomor-
row at ten. When he had gone I felt tired
and, besides, it was past noon. Miss Blar-
ger said there were several others waiting,
more kept coming in, but I bethought my-
self of my pocket notebook, consulted it
and waved her out:

"Tell the others I can't see them. I'm
leaving now to keep an important appoint-
ment."

Before she could deliver my ultimatum I
had slipped out my own door, caught the
elevator and departed for the University
Club. There was a good chance that I
might meet Percy Cobden or Frank Hunt
and persuade them to have lunch with me.
They practically have the say on the new
Coolidge School. Sure enough I found
Cobden. and with others, none of whom,
fortunately, were architects, we had a
pleasant time. That's the only way to get
jobs. Well, it's three o'clock now, and I
think I'll go home . . . Jack Morello will be
around tomorrow morning at ten. Come to
think of it, I believe it would pay me to go
back to South Bend for the rest of the week
and nurse along that prospect over there.
By that time the worst of this professional
publicity will probably be over. — Pencil
Points.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

CISC*
RARV

HARRISON CLARKE'S WORK

A Portfolio of Sketches,
Water Colors, Etchings
and Pencil Renderings
Reproduced by Courtesy
of Pencil Points

A S time passes the real greatness of
Harrison Clarke as an artist and
architect is realized. His loss to the
profession is a severe one. His talent
has been properly compared to that of
Piranesi. His untimely death in Los
Angeles came at a period of life when
the future seemed to hold for him
untold glory. But he died happily and
seemingly satisfied with his creed — to
get all there was out of life while it
lasted. Harrison Clarke's work speaks
for itself and needs no commentaries.
As he was an inspiration to his asso-
ciates in life, so will his achievements
continue to be an inspiration to those
who survive him.

SKETCH ON TINTED BOARD BY
HARRISON CLARKE

■;■;. .^'%Ml^^^

TRIAL GARDEN FOR CITRUS FRUITS AND
GARDEN GATEWAY

Sketched by Harrison Clarke for Florence Yoch and Lucille Council, Landscape
Architects. This drawing was executed on white illustrators' board with a
green wash, litho crayon and red and yellow crayon with touches of Chinese
white. Size 10"xl5".

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

ROBERT SCOLES COTTAGES, MYRON HUNT AND H. C. CHAMBERS, ARCHITECTS
Drawing in Opaque Color by Harrison Clarke

RESIDENCE FOR DR. ROBERTS, PASADENA. MYRON HUNT, ARCHITECT
Rendering in Opaque Color by Harrison Clarke

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

BOTANIC GARDEN FOR B. F. JOHNSTON

Sketched by Harrison Clarke for Florence Yoch and Lucille Council, Landscape
Architects. Done with a yellowish green wash, green and yellow crayon or
pastel smeared, and lithographic crayon. Size, 10"xl5".

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

HOTEL AT BISHOP, CALIFORNIA. MYRON HUNT. ARCHITECT
Pencil Rendering by Harrison Clarke

WATERFRONT ATMOSPHERE
Two Etchings by Harrison Clarke

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

NOVEMBER, 1931

PATIO AND SUN ROOM. GORDON B. KAUFMANN. ARCHITECT
OPAQUE WATER COLOR BY HARRISON CLARKE

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

AN ENTRANCE COURT, GORDON B. KAUFMANN. ARCHITECT
OPAQUE WATER COLOR BY HARRISON CLARKE

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

'W~^ " $/p"> DESJENID AID BUILT BY ■ir::w- £ _\

DRAWING IN PEN AND INK BY HARRISON CLARKE

PRELIMINARY SKETCHES FOR HOLLYWOOD RITZ HOTEL
Drawn by Harrison Clarke

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

THE HOLLYWOOD RITZ HOTEL, GORDON B. KAUFMANN, ARCHITECT
FROM A DRAWING IN OPAQUE COLOR BY HARRISON CLARKE

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

TEMPLE BNAI B'RITH, LOS ANGELES— ETCHING BY HARRISON CLARKE

EDELMAN 6 BARNETT. ARCHITECTS

ALLISON 6 ALLISON, CONSULTING ARCHITECTS

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

STOCK EXCHANGE, LOS ANGELES— ETCHING BY HARRISON CLARKE

SAMUEL E. LUNDEN, ARCHITECT

JOHN PARKINSON AND DONALD B. PARKINSON, CONSULTING ARCHITECTS

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

PEN AND INK, PENCIL AND WASH SKETCH BY
HARRISON CLARKE

DRAWN IN PEN AND INK BY HARRISON CLARKE

-L.'i,

■f ~<h.

iftunwmr BOimuG k>r fwoiMAHaR /we sanixlso a*Ltfoiw*.flywK.pjini«jtiflaffncT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

THE LOS ANGELES TIMES BUILDING, GORDON B. KAUFMANN, ARCHITECT
FROM A DRAWING IN OPAQUE COLOR BY HARRISON CLARKE

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

NOVEMBER, 1931

GETTING UNCLE SAM OUT PF THE
ARCHITECTURAL GAME

ATIONWIDE recognition has
been given the Federal Building Confer-
ence held in Spokane, Washington, Sep-
tember 12, under the auspices of the Con-
struction and Industry committee of the
Spokane Chamber of Commerce. The pur-
pose of the conference was to create a sent-
iment in favor of decentralizing the work
of the Supervising Architect's office at
Washington, D. C, to the end that Pacific
Coast architects and Pacific Coast con-
tractors may be employed and Pacific
Coast building materials may be used in
Federal projects in Western states.

The following paragraphs are taken
from the official stenographic report of the
meeting, reflecting sentiments which 'are
shared by the profession and building in-
dustry from Coast to Coast.

Eric N. Johnson, President of the Spo-
kane Chamber of Commerce:

"You realize, of course, that the salaries
received by most of the government em-
ployees are not sufficiently large to attract
the highest type of designing ability, and
in most instances the buildings which are
constructed do not have that flexibility
which embody the latest designs and latest
types of improvement in building construc-
tion.

"In addition to that, local contractors are
in many instances practically deprived of an
opportunity to successfully bid on Federal
buildings, and to use Western products,
due to the fact that when eastern products
are specified they don't have the low-down

quotation on prices of eastern goods. Our
western producers are unable to secure this
low-down quotation, on the prices of east-
ern material, and as a result, on Federal
buildings which have been let in the last 18
months, our local contractors have not been
very successful in bidding. In addition to
that, our western materials are not specified
very frequently, and we feel that in most
instances these western materials are equal
or superior to the products which are speci-
fied; that eastern products cost the govern-
ment more because of transportation costs,
and that because of many other factors
which enter into the construction of a Fed-
eral building, this is a problem which is of
primary interest and importance, to the as-
sociated industries, consisting of the de-
signers, builders, suppliers of material and
industries of the Northwest, and in the last
analysis to all the people because it involves
the very roots of the American democratic
form of self-government.

R. E. Borhek, President of the Wash-
ington State Chapter. A. I. A. — :

"While my introduction identifies me as
officially representing the Washington
State Chapter of the American Institute of
Architects, I hope that I am not over pre-
sumptious if I take under my unofficial wing
a far larger group than this. First allow me
to express my appreciation and hearty com-
mendation of the Spokane Society of Ar-
chitects for the important contribution
which they have made toward the holding
of this meeting. The city of Spokane is in-
deed fortunate in having such a group of
men as these. So that I would like to feel
that I speak also for the Spokane Society
of Architects.

"It is customary in these days, whether
consciously or unconsciously to segregate
ourselves into groups according to our sev-
eral pursuits and view our problems in that
light, forgetful of that one fraternity to
which we all belong — the public. So may I
speak to you also as the representative of
John Doe, plain American citizen, for he
has just as much concern in this affair as
the rest of us. Let me emphasize at the very
beginning, as I have in my every utterance
on the subject, that this is not the private
affair of the architectural profession, nor is
its sole or even major interest that of the
architectural profession. Its principal ob-
jective is in the interest of the entire con-
struction industry in all its ramifications and
through that industry the ultimate bene-
factor is John Doe, plain American citizen.
It is only because the principal objectives
can best be accomplished through the em-
ployment of local architects on local Fed-
eral building construction that the profes-
sion occupies so prominent a place on the
program.

"Now first, I would like to briefly review
some of the events which have led up to
this meeting. To the best of my knowledge,
this national movement, at least this par-
ticular effort, to 'get the Government out of
competitive business, started right here in
the State of Washington. There have per-
haps been other endeavors though I believe
they have been generally confined to efforts
within individual states to secure the plan-
ning of Federal buildings for the architects
of these states, and of course many individ-
ual efforts to incorporate the use of specific
local materials in such buildings. But I be-
lieve this to be the first movement directed
toward these objectives on a nation-wide
scale, and the first to gain national scope.
And this movement had its beginning not in
the interest of the architects, but in the in-
terest of a building product of the State of
Washingon. It was through the vehement
exhortation before civic clubs bv one of our
representatives in Congress, to' build up our
communities by supporting and patronizing
our local merchants and manufacturers that
it seemed opportune to champion the cause
of one of our local industries in their en-

deavor to have their product used on Fed-
eral construction in this state. You gentle-
men who represent us in Washington,
probably recollect the deluge of resolutions
and communications on the subject. Almost
simultaneous with this endeavor the archi-
tects made a similar and may I say success-
ful, effort in their own interest relative to
the Marine Hospital, then contemplated in
Seattle.

"But these efforts, like many others
throughout the country over a long period
of time, were confined only to the work
contemplated within an individual state.
But it was the experience gained through
these two instances that led us to a reali-
zation that enduring benefits could be at-
tained only by a prescribed regulation
through the specific mandate of the Con-
gress: that to attain this end the demand
for these benefits must of necessity emanate
from every state in the Union. Spurred by
the increasing economic necessity for na-
tional relief, and the realization that we
could not hope did we desire to attain these
benefits for our own state alone, the Wash-
ington State Chapter of the American In-
stitute of Architects circularized the 66
Chapters of the Institute setting forth the
benefits which might be expected to accrue
to labor and industry of the entire country
through the abolishment of the practice of
architecture by the United States Govern-
ment.

"The replies were almost unanimous in
endorsement of our suggestion. None op-
posed it. One or two from the eastern sea-
board were non-committal. A few did not
seem to grasp the broad view of a national
policy being particularly concerned with ef-
forts confined to their own states. A number
cited instances of their success in obtaining
commissions for Federal work within their
states. But our suggestion met with very
encouraging approval as a result of which
we again circularized all the Chapters. We
met again with encouragement, especially
from several of the Chapters which had not
responded to our first communication.

"As a result of the interest aroused
throughout the Institute this question be-
came the principal order of business at the

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

63rd annual convention of the American
Institute of Architects held in San Antonio,
Texas, last May, at which time a resolution
was'passed directing the executive board to
transmit the views of the Institute on this
matter, as stated in the board report, to the
proper legislative and executive branches
of the Government and to take such other
measures, in cooperation with the Chapters
and related organizations as may be neces-
sary to accomplish the aims expressed
therein.

"The resolution covers the following
points:

First — The necessity in the present emergency
of expediting the Public Building Program by
alloting as many projects as possible to private
architects, resident in the localities where public
buildings were to be built.

Second — Value to the Government and to pub-
lic generally of securing the cooperation of the
best professional ability in the country, in order
that our public buildings might more truly reflect
the highest architectural achievements of which
the nation is capable.

Third — That the spectacle of the Government
in business on so large a scale in operating a cre-
ative architectural bureau like that of the Super-
vising Architect of the Treasury, is inconsistent
with our present American policy of encouraging
private business and professional initiative. In
other words, we object to the Federal Government
practicing architecture.

"The following material is contained in a
letter dated May 12, 1931, from Mr. L.
LaBeaume, of the American Institute of
Architects:

"An appointment with the President was made
for Thursday last, May 7. On the day preceding
the conference with the President, Mr. Frank C.
Baldwin and myself, representing the Institute,
met with Mr. L. W. Wallace, Executive Secretary
of the American Engineering Council, Mr. A. P.
Greensfelder. President of the Associated Gen-
eral Contractors of America and Mr. H. H. Sher-
man, President of the Producers Council, and col-
laborated in the preparation of a memorandum
covering the points above outlined, which we pro-
posed to leave with the President at the time of
our interview. The memorandum received the un-
qualified approval of all of the above representa-

tives of the construction industry, and was signed
by them. Only courtesy to the President prevents
my enclosing a copy of this memorandum now, but
I can assure you that it covered thoroughly, and
with considerable force, all of the points which
you might desire to make.

"We met the President on Thursday morning
and had a full and frank discussion of the whole
problem with him. In addressing him. I not only
spoke for the American Institute of Architects
but for four influential State societies, viz.. Cali-
fornia, Illinois, Michigan and Ohio, which had
endorsed our program. Naturally, the President
did not commit the Administration to our point
of view at this conference. He admitted that there
had been discouraging delays, but asserted that
the program was now well under way and that a
very large number of architects had been drawn
into the Government's service. He mentioned the
number at one hundred and eighty, which we
frankly told him was surprising to us. He urged
us to see Major Heath and to get from him all the
facts covering the situation.

"Leaving the President, we sought an appoint-
ment with Secretary Heath. Unfortunately he was
obliged to leave Washington at one o'clock for
Cleveland, but left instructions with Judge Wet-
more, Acting Supervising Architect, and his as-
sistants to place all of the data of the Department
at our disposal. At three o'clock we met Judge
Wetmore and Mr. Martin of the Supervising Ar-
chitect's office at the Treasury Department. These
gentlemen reviewed the whole situation and pre-
sented us with charts and schedule showing the
status of the whole program to date. They as-
serted that sixty-three private architects had been
appointed, and that some of these had been
coupled with associates of greater experience,
bringing the total number somewhere near one
hundred. They further stated that it was the in-
tention of the office to avail itself of the services
of at least fifty more architects in different parts of
the country, twenty-five of whom will probably be
appointed within the next two months. They as-
serted that they wanted to utilize the services of
outside architects, both for the reason of speed,
and for the effect which this service would have
on our Federal architecture. They seemed to be in
entire accord with our views, though of course
they did not discuss that phase of the situation
relative to the Government in business."

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

"I will also read from another letter from
Mr. LaBeaume:

"Your committee is now in receipt of a com-
munication dated May 28th from Major Ferry K.
Heath, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury,
criticising the memorandum which we left with
the President, in some particulars: but assuring us
of his intention to utilize the services of private
architects in so far as he may think proper."

"Bland statements of how many private
architects are being employed or how much
greater the money value of the work they
are engaged in as compared to the work
the Department is doing, isn't the crux of
the matter.

"It is decidedly questionable whether the
Department organized on a creative basis,
is prepared to function efficiently in a su-
pervising capacity. Rumors are already cur-
rent that architects are finding it difficult to
obtain essential information or approval of
plans as quickly as is necessary to permit
them to complete their work with dispatch.
This is to be expected from a bureaucratic
system, and especially one that has been or-
ganized and accustomed to create work
rather than to transmit information. As
the number of private architects selected to
design government buildings is increased,
it is probable that it will become increas-
ingly difficult for them to obtain prompt
decisions through the office of the Supervis-
ing Architect. Later on the result may be
that these architects will be accused of be-
ing slow and of delaying the progress of
the work. Reflection will thus be cast upon
outside architects through no fault of their
own. This condition should be foreseen and
measures taken to correct the situation."

Addison T. Smith, Representative from
Idaho:

"As it has been stated there is no Super-
vising Architect in Washington, D. C.
There is an Acting Supervising Architect,
who it would appear it not an architect, but
a judge. It would seem to me that it might
be well to select a man of modern architec-
tural ideas to fill the office of the Supervis-
ing Architect. My own experience with
this office has been similar to that which
others who have been interested in seeking
considerations for their own states in con-

nection with Federal building projects have
undergone. In connection with the Federal
building at Pocatello, I was told by Judge
Wetmore a private architect could not be
appointed. I was told the same thing by
Assistant Secretary Heath. Upon taking
the matter up with Secretary Mellon I was
told that he, Mr. Mellon, could not give
attention to some 2,000 projects. I do not
wish to quote from the statement of a cab-
inet officer, but I may say that as a result
of my interview with the Secretary of the
Treasury, I was left very definitely with
the impression that Mr. Mellon's feeling
was that the work on those buildings should
be distributed among private architects. In
this particular case, after a wait of ten days,
I was told that a local architect had been
retained to design the Pocatello structure.
I could point out a number of instances
where proper consideration seems not to
have been given to local firms. For exam-
ple, the contract for certain repairs at the
Twin Falls post office costing in the neigh-
borhood of $2400, was let to an Indiana
firm."

Samuel B. Hill. Representative 5th Dis-
trict, Washington:

"I have been greatly interested in the
questions which you have discussed and I
may say that I have kept the trail hot to
Washington, D. C, in an effort to secure
consideration for western architects, the
designation of local contractors and the
employment of western materials as to Fed-
eral building projects planned for this re-
gion. There is no question in my mind that
your complaints are justly founded. We
have been obliged to fight for all the con-
sideration we have had for local men and
materials in connection with buildings
planned for this section. I have on more
than one occasion taken the matter up with
the Supervising Architect's office and
urged upon the officials there the advan-
tages both to the Government and the
state in recognizing western materials and
the employment of local architects to de-
sign and supervise the construction of pub-
lic buildings in the State of Washington.
In this matter I have had the support of
other members of our state delegation, but

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

we do not appear to have made very much
of an impression upon this bureau of the
Federal Government. The replies to com-
munications addressed to this office have
the appearance of a form letter and though
we have made many representations as to
the feeling of our constituents, the prac-
tices and policies of the Supervising Archi-
tect's office appear to remain virtually un-
changed. I am heartily in sympathy with
the general principles of this movement. I
agree that the best architectural talent
could not afford to take positions on the
Government's staff of architects. There is
abundant evidence to show that the best
architectural skill is to be found in the
ranks of the private profession and I. for
one. can see no reason why modern ideas
should not be brought into government
buildings or why the old pyramid style
should appear to be so closely adhered to.
Federal buildings should, in my opinion, ex-
press the latest ideas in construction, typify
the character and atmosphere of the com-
munity, and in the general plan, outlets
should be provided for the development of
individual initiative, enterprise and crea-

tive ability. I was struck by the principles
upon which Mr. Borhek's main tenets were
predicated — namely: that in the last anal-
ysis the interests of John Doe are primarily
concerned. It may be said that these prin-
ciples should be maintained in respect to
the entire building profession, from the de-
signer to the man who actually applies the
material and throughout the entire organi-
zation, including the building material fab-
ricators and distributing agencies. From a
local standpoint I may say I am fed up on
the matter of Indiana lime stone. The
State of Washington is entitled to consid-
eration for its own products and indus-
tries. I do not know of a single instance in
connection with Federal projects where we
have not had to make a fight for local ma-
terials. Certainly the matter must be ap-
proached from a national standpoint and
the question at issue is just as important to
the man from Florida, the man from Maine
or the man from the middle west as it is to
our own citizens. I believe the movement
which has been inaugurated here will be a
great force in the program which I under-
stand is rapidly becoming notion-wide."

COMPETITION FOR A ROADSIDE AUTO CAMP
AT SANTA BARBARA

The program for the above competition published in the
October number of The Architect and Engineer was a tenta-
tive program only and was not intended [or publication.

The Plans and Planting Branch of the Community Arts
Association of Santa Barbara is still at work on the final draft
of this program and hopes to release it for competition during
the first half of 1932.

Announcement will be published in this magazine in ample time
for prospective entrants to receive a copy of the final program.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER. 1931

TREE SURGERY AN AID TO THE ARCHITECT

by K. L DAVEY

HE architect and the home owner
have no doubt often wondered why the
particular tree they wished to save should
die while another, growing apparently
under identical conditions, would thrive
and flourish.

Through mankind's love of trees, efforts
were made for many years to aid their
preservation, health and growth, but it
was not until fifty years ago that John
Davey actually established tree surgery as
an exact and practical science. The sci-
ence he discovered and developed does not
deal alone with the simple removal of de-
cay and the mere filling of cavities, but with
a technique much broader and far reaching
in its scope. The treatment and care of a
tree is not unlike diagnosis and advice of
the medical specialist.

The tree surgeon's task may involve ir-
rigating or the rebuilding of a tree's root
system, the preservation of its balance, to
perfect the ratio between top and roots, its
pruning and bracing to strengthen the
weaker parts and in some instances its re-
moval to more healthy surroundings.

Obviously it is not possible in an article
of this length to much more than sketch
briefly what tree surgery can and will do
for the architect and landscape engineer
as an aid to them in preserving the lasting
beauty for which they are ever striving.

Western architects have, in the past,
been grossly deceived in many instances
by unscrupulous persons styling themselves
"tree surgeons and specialists." The re-
sults obtained have been deplorable. First,
trees have been ruined, and second, the
architect has decided he is through with

WILL ROGERS RANCH AT SANTA MONICA

Sentimental reasons induced the famous humorist to have

this aged oak subjected to tree surgery, thereby prolonging

its usefulness for many years to come.

"tree surgery." This is manifestly unfair
to the scientific tree surgeon with his years
of study and experimentation.

The scientific tree surgeon occupies the
same relative position to the architect and
landscape engineer as does the medical
specialist to the general practitioner and
does not offer his services where an ordi-
nary gardener will suffice.

Much of the damage already done the
profession in these Western states, which

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

might well be termed the "land of trees,"
is attributable to the fact that many of the
smaller firms doing business as "tree spe-
cialists " make a practice of using inexper-
ienced men on highly specialized cases.
Again, very often where trained tree sur-
geons have been employed, they have been
hampered by superiors who were better
salesmen than tree surgeons.

Modern and scientific tree surgery has

eously believe the landscape architect and
tree surgeon to be of the same profession.
The beauty and individuality of the archi-
tect and landscape engineer's plans are
often dependent on their being able to pre-
serve intact the original position of out-
standing trees on the site and the trees'
relation to the structure. To these men.
quite naturally, preservation means a great
deal.

GUEST HOUSE OF PASATIEMPO CLUB. SANTA CRUZ. CALIFORNIA
Clarence A. Tantau, Architect

made itself felt and exemplified its useful-
ness in many ways. Briefly, it has in-
creased the efficiency of power, telephone
and transmission lines by proper clearage
of obstructing tree branches and growth,
enhanced the productivity of every type of
fruit tree and medicinal scrub, and has in-
creased the beauty and popularity of our
great public and national parks. It is the
architect and landscape engineer, however,
who have derived the greatest benefit. So
much so, in fact, that many laymen erron-

More often than not, the engineer finds
it necessary to change the grade levels to
attain the desired landscaping effects. This
involves either the exposing or filling in of
the tree's roots. The results in either case
are detrimental to the tree. Roots are ten-
der and any abrupt change from a normal
condition will often kill the delicate life
giving feeder roots. These are the breath-
ers that carry orifices or pores similar to
those in the human body and when cov-
ered with too much earth are cut off from

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER. 1931

their accustomed air supply. There are
known instances where a six inch fill has
meant death to a seemingly sturdy tree.

The Davey system advocates the instal-
lation of tree tile and their own aeration
system where the fill is over six inches.
Such installations give splendid aeration to
the soil surrounding the roots and still do
not impare the normal root growth. Wher-
ever fills are necessary, it has been found
that much more satisfactory results are ob-
tained with light soils of gravely or sandy
texture. Even a shale formation is now
preferable, as far as root aeration is con-
cerned, to the richer heavier soils. Adobe
and gumbo fills should always be avoided.

The famous Sycamore Grove of Los
Angeles is a fine example of what can be
done with the Davey root system. The
lower portion of the park was filled to a
depth of eight feet over the old stream
bed of the Arroyo Seco, completely cover-
ing the roots of the ancient sycamores.
When it came time to lay the tile, we found
the fill to be shale. This was a welcome
discovery for the shale insured a maximum
of aeration which, in connection with the
subterranean flow from the original stream,
supplied the needed life to the grove.

Lowering of grades are even more dan-
gerous to tree life. Our experiments clearly
indicate that the average tree cannot with-
stand the removal of any appreciable
amount of soil especially near the crown.
Hardly a tree exists whose roots cannot
be exposed by excavating to a depth
slightly in excess of a foot under its spread
of branches. In these Western states the
vast majority of tree roots lay within six
inches or less of the earth's surface. In
grading around a tree very often, unless
carefully watched, many of the primary,
as well as the feeder roots, are severed and
sometimes entirely removed, and the re-
mainder having their air supply suddenly
increased, succumb very much as does a
fish abruptly removed from his natural
element. In cases, such as this, the tree
surgeon can do little. The patient frankly
requires the services of an undertaker.

The proper handling is to lower the tree,
roots and all, to the grade level, but with-
out the removal of any earth covering the
roots. This operation is relatively easy
with trees not exceeding fifteen to twenty
inches in diameter, provided, of course,
that the soil conditions are favorable and
there is no embarrassing tap root involved.

Architects, when desirous of suitably
covering patios and courtyards with flag
stones, tile, cement or other non-porous
substances, are often confronted with the
problem of preserving an unusually attrac-
tive tree or group of trees. Any of these
materials pack down and shut off the air,
even more effectively than improper fills.
The tree surgeon when brought into the
picture in time, makes it possible to go
through with the architect's original plan
and with safety to the trees in question.

McCORMICK ESTATE AT PASADENA

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

An outstanding example of the tree sur-
geon's efficiency in this regard is the Pas-
atiempo Country Club Estates in Santa
Cruz County, California. The club and
its landscape architect, Thomas Church,
wished to preserve a fine specimen of the
California live oak (Quercus Agrifolia)
the site of which had been selected as the
setting for the guest house. The architect,
Clarence A. Tantau, took full advantage
of the vista down the beautiful fairway by
building a patio under the spreading limbs
of this oak. Before grading and the place-
ment of the flagstones, we were called in
to install our root svstem, using special
tree tile and food. Thus did the foresight
of the architect preserve this splendid nat-
ural setting for generations to come.

Often trees obstruct natural approaches
to driveways or sites of specific structures.
The architects or owners are loath to sacri-
fice these beautiful trees, thus involving
the delicate task of their removal to more
advantageous locations. But removal is
comparatively safe when scientificially ex-
ecuted. Here, again, the tree surgeon
proves himself indespensible to the archi-
tect.

Architects and landscape engineers are
in their training taught to utilize every
beauty that nature has provided in the
enhancement of the loveliness of their work,
and I submit that the modern and scientific
tree surgeon has this common purpose with
them.

ENTERING THE PORTALS

Courtesy Camera Craft

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

ENGINEERING

CONSTRUCTION

TYPE OF BOULDER CITY HOUSE CONSTRUCTION
EIGHT INCH WALLS WITH HOLLOW SPACE

featuring
Construction Work to Date at Boulder City, Nevada

BOULDER CITY. NEVADA

Showing completed houses in foreground with brick buildings under construction in center and extreme left.

>v>;

BOULDER CITY. NEVADA

Completed house showing vitrified clay sewer pipe being installed. These houses were occupied five days after photo

was taken.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

A CITY OF BRICK

by NORMAN W. KELCH, Architect

ALU OULDER CITY, Nevada, on the
plateau adjacent to Hoover Dam, is a com-
plete city in the making, all of the buildings
of which are of brick construction. In plan-
ning this model city, the Reclamation Bu-
reau of the United States Department of
the Interior, considered three major fac-
tors, namely: climate, types of construc-
tion and cost. The climate demanded that
exterior walls have a high insulating value,
and with this in mind, seven types of con-
struction were considered, each being so
arranged and insulated as to provide ap-
proximately the same degree of insulation.
Alternate bids were taken on all types. The
greatest economy and efficiency were found
in the use of common brick laid so as to
form a hollow space within an 8" wall, a
system known as "Ideal Rolok" wall con-
struction.

The exteriors of the first twelve resi-
dences are plastered over the brickwork.
Seven of these houses are now completed
and occupied, with the other five receiving
finishing touches. The second twelve resi-
dences, for which a contract was recently
let, are in various stages of completion,
from foundations in, up to having exterior
walls and interior framing completed. In
this second group, the exterior brickwork
has been laid with metal strips in the
joints (removed after laying ) so as to make
a clean-cut recessed joint. It was the inten-
tion to have these houses white-coated with
a waterproofing compound, but according

* Secretary-Manager. Clay Products Institute of California.

to Walker R. Young of the Reclamation
Bureau, Superintendent of the Boulder
City project, these finished brick walls have
such an attractive appearance, they may be
left as plain brickwork, without white-
coating.

Brick construction is being used for all of
the buildings in the city. Some of the larger
buildings, such as the Hospital, which have
heavier roof loads, will have solid exterior
walls of brick. Those having fireproof floor
systems, such as the Administration Build-
ing, for which the structural steel work is
now in place, will have a clay-tile-concrete-
joist floor system.

All residences contain a regular fireplace
trimmed with face brick, having fire brick
fire-boxes with fire clay flue linings in the
chimneys. Various types of roof tile arc
being used, including the one-piece Span-
ish type, the two-piece machine-made Mis-
sion and the special hand-finished machine-
made Mission tile.

Remarkable progress has been made in
the construction of the city in spite of the
extremely hot weather during the past few
months. The contractors state that much
better progress will be made during the
cooler winter months.

There have been about 400,000 brick
laid to date, and the entire city will require
5.000,000 common brick, together with
some face brick. There will also be large
quantities of floor tile, paving brick and
other clay products used before the work
is completed. The entire city is sewered
with vitrified clay pipe.

The reason for constructing a permanent
city is in the expectancy that it will become
a popular resort subsequent to the comple-
tion of the dam. A visit to the site impels

BOULDER CITY, NEVADA

General view of a dormitory building under construction.

one to agree that this expectancy is not un- mountains, should make this an ideal re-
justified. The broad sweeps of valley and sort.

mountains on the plateau side, and the The illustrations, from photographs by

great expanse on the other side, which will the writer, indicate the progress of the

form the future lake above the dam, which work thus far, but do not in any wise show

is surrounded by an inspiring group of the beauty and grandeur of the setting.

BOULDER CITY, NEVADA

Typical residence showing stripped joints in brickwork.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

FOUR COUNTIES INTER-CONNECTING
BAY BRIDGE

by L H. NISHKIAN, C. E.

.NTIL a year ago, the San Fran-
cisco Bay bridge was very much in doubt,
due to the War Department ruling against
any bridge north of Hunters Point. It has
been only within the last few months that
the Hoover-Young Commission removed
the main obstacles and the Bay bridge is
well on its way to become an accomplished
fact under the direction of the California
Bridge Authority.

During this period of uncertainty of the
Bay bridge, the Golden Gate Bridge Dis-
trict was formed and when present legal
questions are cleared away the directors
will let contracts for the construction of the
bridge. The results of this order of hap-
penings has been that no coordinated study
of the transportation problems involving
all the bay communities has been made. It
is proposed to spend in the neighborhood
of one hundred million dollars without a
thorough-going study having been made of
the possibility of providing means for inter-
connecting all the major bay communities
by one project.

The construction of the Oakland bridge
by way of Yerba Buena Island suggests
one solution for an interconnecting bridge,
which is shown on the accompanying plan.

Briefly, it consists of a connection to the
Bay bridge at Yerba Buena Island, run-
ning approximately north along the edge of
the shallow waters of the east bay shore
and connecting to Berkeley, Richmond, and
the northerly shore of the Tiburon Penin-
sula.

It will be noted that the depths north of
Yerba Buena Island along the route pro-
posed, run from a few feet to a maximum
of about 25 until a point opposite Richmond
is reached. It should be perfectly feasible
to build this portion on pile bents close to-
gether, similar to the San Mateo bridge,
only twice as wide, accommodating six
lanes of traffic. The branches to Berkeley
and Richmond can use this same type of
construction, but the branch turning to the
west going to Marin County, will have to
be, for a good part, long span steel con-
struction with one main span of about 1 500
feet and a clearance of 220 feet. The vari-
ous lift spans shown may be built with a
vertical clearance of about 75-0" which
can be raised to 220'-0" for unusual vessels.
The clear width of span indicated is
200'-0".

The advantages of this arrangement
over the Golden Gate bridge plan, in brief,
are as follows:

1. A direct connection is provided be-
tween Marin County and Oakland, Berke-
ley and Richmond.

2. A direct connection is provided be-
tween San Francisco and Berkeley and
Richmond.

3. The time from 5th and Market
Streets, San Francisco, to San Rafael, is
reduced from 5 to 10 minutes. Although
the distance via the Golden Gate bridge
will be about 18 miles, and via the proposed
interconnecting bridge will be about 18.9
miles, it will undoubtedly be faster via the
latter route, since once one is on this bridge
there will be a clear road without stop, on
which a speed of 45 miles per hour may be
maintained all the way across.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

NOVEMBER. 1931

4. Direct rapid bus service from San
Rafael and Richmond to San Francisco's
business and financial districts will be prac-
tical.

5. The time to Sacramento Valley points

placed on San Francisco or other counties.

8. The bridge will be an aid to naviga-
tion as it will mark the shallow shoal wa-
ters, which all large craft naturally avoid.

9. The proposed aviation field at Yerba

SUGGESTED COURSE OF PROPOSED SAN FRANCISCO BAY INTER-CONNECTING BRIDGE
L. H. Nishkian, Consulting Engineer.

from San Francisco via Richmond will be
shortened 10 to 15 minutes.

6. Sixty to seventy per cent of the entire
cost of the construction from Yerba Buena
Island north would be spent in the Bay
District.

7. No possible tax burden would be

Buena Island may be further removed from
the island, thus reducing the menace to
aviation which would result from the near-
ness to the Oakland bridge towers.

An approximate estimate of the cost of
the unit from Yerba Buena Island to Marin
County, Richmond and Berkeley, indicates

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

NOVEMBER, 1931

that it could be built for about $35,000,000
to $40,000,000, which is comparable to the
cost of the Golden Gate bridge.

The traffic over the interconnecting
bridge will probably exceed the combined
estimated traffic of the Golden Gate and
Bay bridges, as it will create considerable
new traffic between the east bay and Marin
counties. Also a good deal of truck traffic
would use this bridge that would not use
the Golden Gate bridge, on account of
grades and its remoteness from the truck-
ing business center. I would estimate that
the Bay bridge traffic will be increased 50
to 60% and will tend to become more uni-
form.

It is not within the means of a private
engineer to make borings, assemble the
necessary engineering data and informa-
tion to make an accurate estimate of a
project of this magnitude. The California
Bridge Authority could very properly do
so. If a more complete and thorough inves-
tigation by that body confirms the advan-
tages listed above, the public interest would
demand that the project as shown on the
map, or perhaps some better solution de-
veloped by the California Bridge Authority,
be given careful consideration.

SPAIN GOES AMERICAN
San Francisco Chronicle
A Palo Alto architect. Birge M. Clark,
lands in New York from a tour of Spain
with a warning to Californians that if they
ever hope to see the originals of the archi-
tecture the Golden West calls Spanish-
Californian they will have to hurry. While
we are imitating Spanish architecture Spain
is Americanizing herself. One now has to
go out in the country and look at the farm
houses, says Clark, to find models for the
palaces of Hollywood and Pasadena. On
the other hand some Iberian Henry Ford,
looking for a genuine old Spanish house to
preserve may, before long, have to come to
California to get one. Spain has the build-
ing fever and a modern one. Grandfather's
styles are out with the Bourbons.

ENGINEERS AID ENLISTED
Plans to mobilize the nation's engineers behind
President Hoover's program to end the depression
are announced by the American Engineering
Council. The aid of more than 100,000 engineers
will be enlisted in a movement to increase and to
stabilize employment, and to prevent the adoption
of unwise legislation, Federal, state, or municipal.

The Council will work with the relief organi-
zation set up by the President under the leadership
of Walter S. GifFord, president of the American
Telephone and Telegraph Company, who is a
member of the American Institute of Electrical
Engineers. The aim, it was said, is not only to
promote emergency measures but to develop sound
permanent employment policies throughout Ameri-
can industry.

F. }. Chesterman of Pittsburgh, vice-president
and general manager of the Belle Telephone Com-
pany of Pennsylvania, has been appointed chair-
man of a national committee to direct the engi-
neering effort, which will be carried out in detail
by committees to be named in every state. These
committees will cooperate with the industries and
with civic and business bodies.

Other members of the national committee are:
General R. C. Marshall, Jr., of New York, who
was in charge of the Construction Division of the
War Department during the World War; E. K.
Ruth, American Oak Leather Company, Cincin-
nati; W. R. Webster, Bridgeport Brass Company,
Bridgeport, Conn.

"The American Engineering Council,'' the an-
nouncement declared, "feels most emphatically
that the immediate answer for unemployment is
jobs; that the spreading of man-hours is the most
essential expedient for stabilizing employment that
can be suggested at the present time.

"The situation calls for very active, concerted
and well-considered efforts to provide employment
for as large a number as possible now, and espe-
cially to the development of plans which will fore-
stall any large increase in unemployment next
winter.

"Undoubtedly the attitude of mind accounts for
the sharp decline in purchases being made by those
who have not suffered material, if any, reduction
in income and whose continued income is as safe
as anything in life. Today many who have em-
[ Please turn to Page 76]

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

NOVEMBER, 1931

The ARCHITECT'S
VIEWPOINT

f Texas Replies to Clarence Ward

f Not All Cacti and Dust in Lone Star State

f Public and Private Structures have
Architectural Merit

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS

Clarence R. Ward . .

San Francisco

Carleton M. Winslow

. Los Angeles

Harold W. Doty . . .

Portland, Ore.

Charles H. Alden . .

Seattle, Wash.

R. CLARENCE WARD in "The Architect's Viewpoint" for August states
that the setback type of structure would be useless in, "say — a third rate
town in Texas, which has nothing else but acreage and sunshine." I, myself,
under like conditions, would not recommend such a type of architecture. Yet,
I read between the lines; perhaps my California friends think that all Texas has only
what Mr. Ward expressed in the above phrase. I hope, in my small way, to remove
that impression.

To Californians Texas is a long way off, and when one thinks of Texas he invar-
iably thinks of cow towns and mesquite. He thinks of Billy the Kid, of Roy Bean
and his Law West of the Pecos, of two-gun bandits, of long - haired cattle, and of
ranches that cover several counties. Plains hot and dusty, yes, but there are hotter
plains in California!

But Mr. Ward must have been thinking that Texas has only plains, and forgot
that there are mountains, hills, and vales within our borders, wherein we, too, have
beautiful skyscrapers, public edifices, costly homes, country estates, oil, and no third
rate towns. Speaking of verdant growth, why, right up in Montgomery County is
a word called the "Big Thicket" through which no man has penetrated. It just
has not been done. Bathing, I doff my hat to the sandy beaches of Galveston and
Corpus Christi. Fishing, I am not mentioning how the gulf fish might straighten out
hooks. But that is far from the subject of Architecture.

ij-yrlY first impulse led me to call on the Publicity Agent for the Houston Chamber of
-L/-Lj Commerce. I knew he had been traveling around a bit gathering data about
Texas. I was only interested in the state's architectural beauty, and told him so. He
had photographs of old Spanish missions that would vie with those of California, of
stately colonial homes amid moss-covered live oaks and cotton fields, and also of the
French Embassy in Austin. Further, I had in mind grain elevators, ship channels,
coastal waterways, cotton gins, and wharves. Then for scenery there were the moun-
tains, forests, rivers, lakes and orchards.

Of the missions, the one known as the Alamo in San Antonio, has become a shrine
for Texans where in 1 836 they were bested by Santa Anna. It is so well known that
its historical significance outweighs its architectural beauty. Then while in the environ-
ments of San Antonio visit the San Jose mission. Huisar, the Spanish sculptor, execut-
ed the exquisite carvings of the Baptistry window, sometimes known as the Rose win-
dow, which is copied by architects and artists alike. It is interesting to note that of the
many missions .in the Southwest these two are the only ones which have two-story
cloisters.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

Refreshed at seeing those gems of Texas architecture, and having only last week
come down from the mountains to the west of Austin, I thought, "Surely, Texas has
more than acreage and sunshine." I went over to call on Alfred Finn.

"Well, Mr. Finn " I said, "I am glad to see you again. It has been some time
since I saw you at the Architect's luncheon."

He was seated at his desk, and it was late in the afternoon. As he looked at me
wondering, I suppose, what brought me there after office hours (not for a job, I hope),
I said, "California might have an erroneous impression that we dwell in wide open
spaces surrounded by cacti and dust." I continued, "The Gulf Building of your de
sign would obviate such ideas."

"It would," he said, "but you must add Kenneth Framzheim and }. E. R. Car-
penter as Consulting Architects of that building."

* * *

ATER I sauntered over to the office of Governor Ross Sterling, and there I saw
the ambitions of one man come true. From barefoot boy, up through the grades
of hard work to the oil fields, and then a-massing millions; riches beyond the touch of
Midas. Dreams; a newspaper, a railroad, tall buildings, a home on the bay, and then
the attainment of all barefoot boys of Texas — the Governor of the state that has flown
six flags.

And then we must not forget our capitol in Austin. It is the largest state capitol
building in the Union, and cost, not in terms of money, but in terrene, a total of three
million acres of state-owned land. The exterior walls are of pink granite from Granite
Mountain. Texas, and dominating this structure is a dome not unlike the one on the
National Capitol. Within, the rotunda is encircled by balconies, and from the uppermost
one stairs lead to the top of the dome. It is in this building that the business of the state
is carried on, and unfortunately the American Institute of Architects Chapters have not
yet succeeded in passing a satisfactory law for the licensing of architects. But the time is
coming!

I ought perhaps to add here the old Land Office on the capitol grounds, resem-
bling somewhat an ancient castle on the Rhine.

Then my thoughts turned to our schools, and in particular that of the Rice Insti-
tute in Houston so wondrously designed by Mr. Ralph Adams Cram, structures nei-
ther Byzantine nor Moorish, but a combination of those details borrowed to create the
ensemble. Later he was commissioned to design the Public Library which is the start
of a Civic Center.

Finally, we have our River Oaks with homes designed by nationally known ar-
chitects. One never tires of walking along the curved walks of this suburb of Hous-
ton. A new vista greets the eye at every turn, and one sees the modest colonial home
or an English manor nestling in a wealth of stately trees. These grounds, a park in the
Southern pines, were laid out by Chas. W. Oliver, Supervising Architect for the River
Oaks Corporation, and all construction programs are submitted to him for his approval.

COULD dwell more fully upon the beautiful things and places found in Texas,
_ but hope that this little sketch will suffice to prove that all here is not acreage
and sunshine. This, purely as a light essay, is so written, and I hope some day Mr.
Ward will enjoy a stay here that he may become convinced that our state is something
more than deserts and cow towns.

ROSS W. EDMINSON. Architect
Houston, Texas.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

ENGINEERS' AID ENLISTED

[Concluded from Page 23]
ployment are not spending because of fear of
what may happen. They are fearful that they may
lose their jobs or have their income sharply cur-
tailed.

"It would be exceedingly helpful to restore a
sense of security. Therefore, employers are urged
to at once notify all employees whom they know
they are going to keep on the payroll that their
incomes will not be reduced for some definite pe-
riod of time. This alone would be very effective in
restoring confidence and stimulating business.

"There is a very pronounced feeling that in-
dustry and commerce are largely responsible for
the perplexities which have arisen, and that they
should provide a satisfactory solution. This
thought is not confined to any so-called radical
group, but it also prevails among fair-minded, far-
seeing men and women.

"They realize that unless industrial and com-
mercial leaders successfully deal with the problem
of unemployment in permanent fashion that both
the Federal and State Governments will very
likely enact unemployment insurance laws. That
such laws would be detrimental to the economic
and social well-being of the nation is generally
acknowledged. Whether this country escapes such
consequences will depend entirely upon the con-
structive leadership manifested by American in-
dustry and commerce."

The Council, which is the public service body
of the engineering profession, and which was or-
ganized in 1920 under the leadership of Mr.
Hoover, warns that "a concerted movement has
been inaugurated to bring about the enactment
of Federal and State unemployment insurance
laws."

"The Council," it was added, "emphatically be-
lieves that such legislation is neither the only nor
the best solution. It feels that there is sufficient
forward looking, constructive and public-spirited
leadership in American industry and commerce to
seriously study the issues and on the basis thereof
to develop plans for permanently dealing with un-
employment, however caused, and further, so to
stabilize employment as to hold unemployment
to the irreducible minimum.

"The Council also recognizes that engineers
compose an important fraction of the industrial
and commercial leadership of the nation; conse-
quently they are in a position to make an essential

contribution to the development of measures look-
ing towards stabilization of employment through-
out the economic fabric of the nation.

"The engineers have a very direct responsi-
bility to do what they may as industrialists and as
citizens. It is believed that they will gladly under-
take such a task because of their direct personal
interests and because they believe in constructive
citizenship.

"Having this faith in the engineering profes-
sion, and aware of the imperative necessity for
prompt response, the Council with confidence is
submitting to a large number of engineering and
allied technical societies of the United States a
program of action."

OPTIMISM
A more optimistic feeling has come to the build-
ing industry of San Francisco during the pasi
month, due to two factors — first, the favorable re-
port of the Impartial Wage Board, and second,
the movement to end the activities of wild-cat
contractors. One favored plan being considered to
combat the price and wage cutters is "certified
homes." Guarantees would be given that the
workmanship, lumber, plaster, plumbing and all
other materials were as represented to the pur-
chaser. Another plan under consideration is an
organization of banks, material dealers and surety
bond men to force the "wildcatters" into line.

ALFRED I. COFFEY, ARCHITECT
Alfred I. Coffey, member of the firm of Coffey
and Rist, architects, of San Francisco, died No-
vember 10, climaxing an illness which began with
a stroke three months ago. Mr. Coffey was 65.
He was one of the few remaining members of
the old school engaged in architectural practice
in San Francisco. A graduate of St. Mary's Col-
lege, he began the practice of his profession when
comparatively young and was associated with
various architects before opening an office for
himself. Of late Mr. Coffey had specialized in
hospital and school work, his partner, Martin J.
Rist. contributing not a little to the success of
the firm. Several important commissions for the
city and county of San Francisco were still in
the planning stage when Mr. Coffey passed away,
including the new cancer institute and the phys-
cho-pathic hospital. Additions to the San Fran-
cisco hospital. Southern Pacific hospital and school
buildings at San Mateo and other points are late
examples of Mr. Coffey's work.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

mln Ue ar^hiTecTj

APARTMENT HOUSES FEATURED
An exhibition of apartment houses was held
the early part of November in the Architects
Building, Fifth and Figueroa Streets, Los Ange-
les. It was held under the auspices of the Apart-
ment-Income Properties of Los Angeles, Ltd., and
included the work of California architects who
specialize in this type of design.

At the close of the exhibition honor awards
were made by a jury of six, including three mem-
bers appointed by the State Association of Cali-
fornia Architects and three from the Apartment-
Income Properties Association. Carlton Monroe
Winslow, vice-president of the Southern Cali-
fornia Chapter of the American Institute of
Architects, David C. Allison, member of the edu-
cational committee of the State Association, and
Professor C. R. Johnson of the School of Archi-
tecture at the University of Southern California,
were alotted the responsibility of judging the de-
signs from the standpoint of architectural beauty
and arrangement.

The buildings that received honorable mention
will be illustrated in this magazine in an early
issue.

PROVISIONAL CERTIFICATES
Provisional certificates were issued by the State
Board of Architectural Examiners, Northern Dis-
trict, at their meeting on last October 27th, to the
following: Edward J. Vogel, 848 Gough Street,
San Francisco; Wesley Andres Talley, 1 554 So-
noma Avenue, Berkeley; George Patton Simonds,
1276 "A" Street, Hayward, California.

Provisional certificates were issued to the fol-
lowing by the Southern District Board at their
meeting held last September 29th: Sonke Engel-
hart Sonnichsen, 411 West 7th Street. Los An-
aeles; David Wellington Terwilliger, 1806 S.
Orange Drive, Los Angeles.

The State Board of Architectural Examiners,
Northern District, is desirous to learn the present
address of Emory M. Fraiser, whose last known
address was 907 Merritt Building, Los Angeles.

FIGURING POST OFFICES

A large number of California contractors have
taken out plans and specifications for the new
post office building at Stockton, bids for which
are to be opened at Washington, December 8th.
Appropriation for this building is $695,000. The
architects are Bliss and Fairweather of San
Francisco, and Howard G. Bissell of Stockton.

Contractors are also figuring an addition to
the Alameda post office building and bids were
opened November 6th for an addition to the
Berkeley Federal building. In San Francisco a
substantial addition is planned to the Mission
Street post office from plans being prepared in
the office of George W. Kelham.

JEWISH COMMUNITY CENTER
At a cost of $650,000 work is scheduled to
start shortly on the new Jewish Community
Center, California Street and Presidio Avenue,
San Francisco. Funds for this enterprise were
raised some months ago. The plans are well
advanced in the office of Hyman & Appleton, with
Arthur Brown, Jr., as associate architect. The
project includes a gymnasium, swimming pool,
little theater, administration offices, etc.

RESIDENCE WORK
William W. Wurster, architect, 260 Califor-
nia Street, San Francisco, reports that plans are
progressing satisfactorily for two residences in
Honolulu. One is a $30,000 home for Mrs. W.
Thomas Balding. Mr. Wurster has recently
awarded a contract for the construction of a
mountain house at Big Sur, Monterey County,
California, for Mr. and Mrs. E. L. Boss.

SAN JOSE APARTMENTS
Frederick H. Slocombe, architect, of Oakland,
has completed drawings for a two story frame
and stucco apartment building to be built in San
Jose for R. D. Campbell. The structure is to be
located at 9th and San Antonio Streets.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

NOVEMBER, 1931

DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE
To stimulate interest in home building, an ex-
hibition of domestic architecture was held at the
Emporium, San Francisco. The exhibit was spon-
sored by the Northern California Chapter, A. I.
A., and was representative of what the architects
have done in the Bay Region during the past two
or three years. The display was a forerunner of
a more pretentious exhibition planned for 1932.

TELEPHONE BUILDING
A two story steel frame, concrete and brick
telephone exchange building is to be erected on
the southwest corner of Pine and Steiner Streets,
San Francisco, from plans by the company's en-
gineering department. Excavating for this $100.-
000 building is in progress. A contract for the
structural steel has been awarded to the Judson
Pacific Company.

MR. WOOLLETTS ARTICLES
William L. Woollett's scholarly article on the
Number Two in Architecture, the first install-
ment of which appeared in The Architect and
Engineer for October, will be concluded in the
December issue. Mr. Woollett has written an-
other essay of interest to the engineer which will
appear in this magazine soon.

SAN JOSE STATE BUILDING
Ralph Wyckoff, architect, of San Jose, has
completed plans for a new science building to be
built on the grounds of the State Teachers Col-
lege, San Jose. The building will be 182x220
feet, of concrete and brick, with terra cotta tile
roof. The appropriation is $200,000.

OAKLAND STORE BUILDING
Contracts have been awarded for a two story
and basement brick store building at 35th Avenue
and East 14th Street, Oakland, from plans by
Williams and Wastell, architects of that city.
The building will cost $25,000. Charles W.
Heyer is the general contractor.

CHICO STORE BUILDING
Plans have been completed by Russell Guerne
De Lappe and Valdimar Oglou of Oakland for
alterations and additions to the store building at
Second and Wall Streets, Chico. recently dam-
aged by fire. The property is owned by Louis
Soroni, of San Francisco.

STATE BOARD PLEASE ANSWER
Editor The Architect and Engineer:

If an architect, through oversight or financial
inability, fails to pay his license fee and the State
Board suspends his license, is he obligated to take
the State Board's examination before he may be
restored to good standing?

If he pays his delinquency in full is he not
entitled to his license to practice without going
through the ordeals of another examination?

An Oakland Subscriber.

STOCKTON ARCHITECTS BUSY
The firm of Davis-Pearce Company of Stock-
ton, is busy on plans for a junior high school
building at Vallejo for which bonds amounting
to $200,000, have been voted. The firm is also
at work on drawings for a three story Spanish
style veteran's memorial building at Santa Cruz,
to cost $50,000. A similar building is also plan-
ned for Watsonville.

FEDERAL OFFICE STRUCTURE
Contracts are scheduled to be awarded early
in December for the construction of a seven-
story and basement, Class A Federal office build-
ing at Portland, Oregon, from plans by White-
house, Stanton & Church, Railway Exchange
Building, Portland. The appropriation for this
project is $1,287,000.

SAN FRANCISCO FEDERAL BUILDING
After many months of delay, the proposed new
Federal building for the San Francisco Civic
Center, looms as an assured project. A clear
title has been obtained of the site and the archi-
tect, Arthur Brown, Jr., is now in a position to
go ahead with the plans. The appropriation is
$3,050,000.

EASTERN STAR BUILDING

William Mooser & Son of San Francisco, and

Train 6 Cressey of Los Angeles, have completed

plans for a $250,000 sanitarium to be erected in

Beverly Hills, for the Eastern Star of California.

CANNERY BUILDING
Felice & Perrelli of Richmond and Gilroy have
had plans prepared by William Knowles of Oak-
land, for a one story cannery building to be built
at the company's plant at Gilroy.

the architect and engineer

november, 1931

SUBSCRIBERS MOVE

E. J. Osborne has moved to 251 Kearney Street,
San Francisco.

John A. Grunfor has moved to 124 North Cen-
tral Avenue, Glendale.

Milton J. Black is now located at 5410 Wilshire
Boulevard, Los Angeles.

Russell E. Collins is at 215 West Seventh
Street, Los Angeles.

Samuel H. Durnford has moved to 119 Oviett
Building, Los Angeles.

Pring & Lesswing have moved to 550 Mont-
gomery Street, San Francisco.

George A. Palliser is at 4821 Kenmore Ter-
race, San Diego.

Andrew B. Talbot has moved to 3060 Pacific
Avenue, San Francisco.

Saul H. Brown has moved to 926 North Rob-
inson Avenue. Los Angeles.

Nathan Lindell Coleman's new address is 5108
Ambrose St., Los Angeles.

Theodore R. Jacobs has moved to 1 107 Central
Building, Los Angeles.

Shaw & Hales have moved to 1510!/2 North
Vermont Avenue, Los Angeles.

Charles A. Dieman has moved from Houston,
Texas, to Santa Fe, New Mexico.

Paul V. Tuttle has moved from Alameda to
1219 Hopkins Street, Oakland.

BERKELEY THEATER
After several weeks delay, plans are being re-
vised for the new Fox West Coast theater at
Bancroft Way and Shattuck Avenue, Berkeley,
and construction will go forward in charge of the
Beller Company, which has opened offices in the
Mercantile Trust Building, Berkeley.

OAKLAND CANDY FACTORY
Lindgren & Swinerton, Inc. have been awarded
the contract by Miller & Warnecke, architects,
to construct a two story brick candy factory and
store building on Lakeshore Avenue, Oakland,
for Edy's Character Candies, Inc.

MILITARY ACADEMY GYMNASIUM
Plans have been completed and the contract
let for a new gymnasium building at the San
Rafael Military Academy. The plans were pre-
pared by S. Heiman, architect, of San Francisco.

THE ARCHITECT AND THE ENGINEER
By Warren D. Bruner

The architect and the engineer.
Where would he be today
Without the skill and patience
Which they put into play?

The engineer and the architect.
Between them they make rise
A tall and splendid city
That towers to the skies.

The architect and the engineer
Bring romance into life.
They add a dash of color
To this mad world of strife.

The engineer and the architect
A straight course they maintain.
Creative genius drives them
While most others toil for gain.

The architect and the engineer
Have vision and to spare.
They dream of lofty structures
Where we see naught but air.

The engineer and the architect
They put their dreams on plans
That in the hands of workers
Take shape as structural spans.

The architect and the engineer
They built the pyramids;
I wonder if in those times
Contractors gave them bids.

The engineer and the architect
High standards they uphold
Which are a bit refreshing
In the sordid search for gold.

The architect and the engineer
To them we raise a cheer;
If you think this world's progressing
Thank the Lord who put them here.

SMALL HOUSE EXHIBIT
An exhibition of small homes, featuring the
work of Clifford Truesdell, Jr., architect, was held
last month in the Architects Building, Fifth and
Figueroa Streets, Los Angeles. Photographs,
sketches and floor plans of moderate sized houses
comprised the display. Mr. Truesdell has made a
study of the problems which are met in the design
of small homes and the exhibition of his work
offered many solutions which he has found to be
satisfactory.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

BLIMP FOR MAYAN RESEARCH
In an effort to discover two more lost cities of
the Mayan civilization, blotted from sight by the
dense jungles of Yucatan and Guatemala, Robert
B. Stacy-Judd, architect and explorer of Los An-
geles, will make his next quest in a blimp or small
dirigible.

"An airplane travels too swiftly to make close
observation possible," Stacy-Judd explained. "An
airship will be able to settle at any point desired
and lower members of our party to the ground to
carry on the inspection on foot. The airship will
allow us also to traverse land never before touched
by a white man.

"The blimp I am negotiating for probably will
be slightly larger than the one familiar in the Cali-
fornia skies. A cruising range of about 500 miles
will be required. There will be twelve men in the
scientific party."

PERSONALS

H. L. Gogerty has moved his office from the
Hollywood Guaranty Building to 6272 Yucca
Street, Hollywood.

Orville L. Clark has moved his offices to 215
Architects' Building, Fifth and Figueroa Streets,
Los Angeles.

Charles J. Gilmore and Claude F. Norris
announce the formation of a new architectural
firm in Phoenix, Arizona, to operate under the
name of Gilmore & Norris. The firm has estab-
lished offices at 307 Security Building.

Walter Hagedohm has been chosen a direc-
tor of the Architects League of Hollywood to suc-
ceed James Handley.

Harry J. Devine. architect, has moved to new
and enlarged offices in the California State Life
Building at Tenth and J Streets, Sacramento. Mr.
Devine is one of few architects whose business
has not been seriously injured by the "depres-
sion."

H. G. Bissell, architect, of Stockton, who has
been teaching architecture and design at the Col-
lege of the Pacific for the past four years, has
started a new course in City Planning. Mr. Bis-
sell is secretary of the Stockton City Planning
Commission.

ACADEMY IN ROME COMPETITIONS

The American Academy in Rome has an-
nounced its annual competitions for fellowships
in architecture, landscape architecture, painting
and sculpture.

In architecture the William Rutherford Mead
fellowship is to be awarded, in landscape archi-
tecture the Garden Club of America fellowship,
and in sculpture the Rinehart fellowship provided
by the Peabody Institute of Baltimore, Maryland.

The competitions are open to unmarried men
not over 30 years of age who are citizens of the
United States. The stipend of each fellowship is
$1500 a year with an allowance of $500 for trans-
portation to and from Rome and an allowance of
$150 to $300 for materials and incidental ex-
penses. Residence and studio are provided with-
out charge at the Academy, and the total esti-
mated value of each fellowship is about $2500 a
year.

The Academy reserves the right to withhold an
award in any subject in which no candidate is
considered to have reached the required standard.

The term of each fellowship is two years in
architecture and landscape architecture, three
years in painting and sculpture. Fellows have op-
portunity for extensive travel and for making con-
tacts with leading European artists and scholars.

The Grand Central Art Galleries of New York
City will present free membership in the Galleries
to the painter and sculptor who win the Rome
prize and fulfill the obligations of the fellowship.

Entries for competitions will be received until
February 1st. Circulars of information and appli-
cation blanks may be obtained by addressing
Roscoe Guernsey, Executive Secretary, Americin
Academy in Rome, 101 Park Avenue, New York.

THE W. H. WEEKS CASE
On motion of the California State Board of
Architectural Examiners, the State Appellate
Court has dismissed an appeal action, filed by the
board September 1 1 , in the case of W. H. Weeks,
architect, of San Francisco and Oakland.

The board last March revoked Mr. Week's
license for alleged inflating of prices of buildings
on which he was employed as architect.

On September 2 the Superior Court ruled that
the State Board had exceeded its jurisdiction. At-
torneys for the board gave notice of an appeal.
which was later withdrawn.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER, 1931

PRESIDENT KOHN AT SEATTLE

Robert D. Kohn, President of the American In-
stitute of Architects, and Fred F. Willson, Re-
gional Director, were entertained by Washing-
ton State Chapter in Seattle, October 22. After
being welcomed by officers of the Chapter and
given a brief opportunity to view some of the
architectural developments of the city, the visit-
ors were escorted to the Frederick & Nelson Tea
Room for a luncheon and meeting with the Chap-
ter.

At the conclusion of the luncheon President
Borhek introduced President Kohn, suggesting
several topics for discussion and, as offering
somewhat wide possibilities, Mr. Kohn selected
one pertaining to the activities of the Institute.

The influence of the Institute, Mr. Kohn said,
appeared to be out of proportion to its numbers.
This had been mentioned by other organizations
much larger in numerical strength, and a signifi-
cant example had been the Institute's recognition
by the Carnegie Foundation as a leading influ-
ence in education in the arts. The importance of
the Institute had also been evidenced by signifi-
cant gifts. For example, an interesting house of
the Colonial period had been given the Institute
with an endowment by a resident of South Caro-
lina, and there was a similar gift to be made from
New Jersey. The Institute supports other associ-
ations in the building industry which look for
leadership as shown by the organization of the
newly organized Construction Group, which was
interested primarily in the service being rendered
by its members.

Referring to problems to be solved by these
influences, Mr. Kohn mentioned a public need
for sensible plan production, somewhat akin to the
certificate of necessity in other fields; the ten-
dency of financial companies appearing now to
be not to loan anything, a reaction from the
previous habit of loaning recklessly.

Mr. Willson was then called upon to give
some experiences as Regional Director. After
referring to the interests and scope of his task,
he mentioned the need for dividing his Western

Mountain District with its wide extent of terri-
tory and also suggested that there be some bet-
ter method of electing a Regional Director. Mr.
Albertson, a former Director, spoke of the prob-
lem the Regional Director had before him in vis-
iting so large an area and the problem of other-
wise securing contact with Institute headquarters.

President Borhek then suggested for discussion
the scope of the Institute with an inquiry into the
reason for non-Institute state societies. Mr. Kohn
believed that architects were outside of the Insti-
tute because they either did not desire to con-
form to its principles or were not qualified, an ex-
ample of the latter being many who had become
registered architects under the so-called "Grand-
father Clause'' of the state registration acts. He
believed there was a need for associations of non-
Institute architects and for all in the profession,
as state action by all registered architects was
sometimes desirable.

President Borhek presented the topic of pub-
licity by expressing a belief that the limited pub-
licity program of the Institute was a reason for
association of outside architects leading to desire
for unification of the profession. He believed also
that there was a need for selling the architect to
that portion of the public who did not recognize
the value of architectural service. Mr. Borhek
believed an analyst was necessary to adequately
get at this situation. Our effort should begin
with the school children as was done in music
and other branches of the arts. Mr. Kohn be-
lieved that in this we depend largely on local
effort, although much had been done and was
being done by the Institute which was not real-
ized, as its information service was inadequate.

In the general discussion on the subject of pub-
licity, Harlan Thomas expressed himself as be-
lieving that newspaper advertising of architects
was undesirable, the best publicity coming from
the architect's devotion to his work. The archi-
tect should satisfy his client and take part in civic
activities. If advertising were done it should ad-
vertise architecture, not architects. Mr. Vogel
agreed with Mr. Thomas, but believed it advan-

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
NOVEMBER. 1931

Bmertcan institute of Hrctjttectsi

(Organized 1857)
Northern California Chapter

President Henry H. Gutterson

Vice-President Albert J. Evers

Secretary-Treasurer .... Jas. H. Mitchell

Directors

John J. Donovan Harris C. Allen Lester Hurd

Fred'k. H. Meyer G. F. Ashley Berge M. Clarke

Southern California Chapter, Los Angeles

President Harold C. Chambers

Vice-President .... Carleton M. Winslow

Secretary H. Roy Kelley

Treasurer Palmer Sabin

Directors

Gordon B. Kaufmann Wm. Richards Eugene Weston, Jr.

J. E. Allison

Santa Barbara Chapter

President Russel Ray

Vice-President Harold Burket

Secretary E. Keith Lockard

Treasurer Leonard A. Cooke

Oregon Chapter, Portland

President Harold W. Doty

Vice-President Fred Aandahl

Secretary W. H. Crowell

Treasurer Harry A. Herzog

Trustees
A. Glenn Stanton, Jamieson Parker, William Holford

Washington State Chapter, Seattle

President Roland E. Borhek

First Vice-President J. Lister Holmes

Second Vice-President . . . Stanley A. Smith
Third Vice-President . . . . F. Stanley Piper

Secretary Lance E. Gowen

Treasurer . Albert M. Allen

Executive Board
Harlan Thomas Clyde Grainger Arthur P. Herrman

San Diego Chapter

President Wm. Templeton Johnson

Vice-President Robert W. Snyder

Secretary C. H. Mills

Treasurer Ray Alderson

Directors
Louis J. Gill Hammond W. Whitsitt

g>m Jfrancteto Hrcfjttectural Club

130 Kearny Street

President Ira H. Springer

Vice-President C. Jefferson Sly

Secretary Donnell Jaekle

Executive Secretary F. M. Sanderson

Treasurer S. C. Leonhaeuser

Directors
William E. Mooney Waldon B. Rue William Helm

Ho* gngelesi Hrcfntectural Club

President Sumner Spaulding

Vice-Presidents:

Fitch Haskell, Ralph Flewelling, Luis Payo

Treasurer Kemper Nomland

Secretary ReneMussa

Directors

Tyler McWhorter J. E. Stanton Robt. Lockwood

Manager, George P. Hales

^asfytngton^tate^ocietp of Brrtutects

President John S. Hudson

First Vice-President R. M. Thorne

Second Vice-President .... Julius A. Zittle
Third Vice-President .... Stanley A. Smith
Fourth Vice-President .... W. W. Durham

Secretary O. F. Nelson

Treasurer H. G. Hammond

Trustees
E. Glen Morgan Theobald Buchinger

H. H. James Wm. J. Jones

Jtoctetp of Hlameba Count? Mrcbttects

President William E. Schirmer

Vice-President Morton Williams

Secretary-Treasurer W. R. Yelland

W. G. CORLETT

W. R. Yelland

Directors

J. J. Donovan
Jas. T. Narbitt

Sorietu of Sacramento Brcfntecte

President William E. Schirmer

Vice-President Morton Williams

Secretary-Treasurer W. R. Yelland

Hong 2fread) &rcbitectural Club

President Hugh R. Davies

Vice-President Cecil Schilling

Secretary and Treasurer . . . Joseph H. Roberts

$agabena &rcf)itectural Club

President Edward Mussa

Vice-President Richard W. Ware

Secretary Roy Parkes

Treasurer Arthur E. Fisk

Executive Committee
Mark W. Ellsworth Edwin L. Westberg Orrin F. Stone

State Aaaoriatton (Ealiforma ArrijifrrtB

President Albert Evers, San Francisco

Vice-President . . . Robert H. Orr, Los Angeles

Secretary A. M. Edelman, Los Angeles

Treasurer .... W. I. Garren, San Francisco

Executive Board (Northern Section)

Albert H. Evers H. C. Allen Chester H. Miller

W. I. Garren

Robert H. Orr

(Southern Section)

Louis J. Gill

Harold Burkett

A. M. Edelman

Directors (Northern Section)
Henry Collins, Palo Alto; Ernest Norberg, San Mateo;
Henry H. Gutterson, San Francisco; L. C. Perry, Vallejo.

Directors (Southern Section)
R. D. King, Santa Monica; Everett Parks, Anaheim;
J. A. Murray, Hollywood; Herbert J. Mann, San Diego.

San ftit$a ana Jmperial (Eountu Sorietn

State Association of California Architects

537 Spreckels Theater Building,
San Diego, Calif.

President Herbert J. Mann

Vice-President Eugene Hoffman

Secretary-Treasurer .... Robert R. Curtis

Executive Board

Herbert J. Mann Eugene Hoffman Robert R. Curtis

Louis J. Gill William P. Lodge

Ways and Means Committee

Robert Halley, Jr. Frank L. Hope, Jr.

Hammond W. Whitsitt

The Architect and Engineer, November, 1931

American ^ocietp Hanbscape Hrcftfteeis

Pacific Coast Chapter

President George Gibbs

Vice-President L. Deming Tilton

Secretary Professor J. W. Gregg

Treasurer Chas. H. Diggs

Members Executive Committee
Ralph D. Cornell Geo. D. Hall

architects; league of dfoUptooon

6520 Sunset Boulevard

Hollywood, California

President L. G. Scherer

Vice-President Verner McClurg

Secretary-Treasurer J. A. Murrey

Directors

Ralph Flewelling, M. L. Barker, James T Handley,

Donald F. Shugart and John Roth

Hrcfjitectural (Examiners

Northern District

Phelan Building, San Francisco

President Albert J. Evers

Secretary ------ Henry H. Gutterson

Members
Warren C. Perry Frederick H. Meyer John J. Donovan

Southern District

1124 Associated Realty Building, Los Angeles

President John C. Austin

Secretary and Treasurer . . A. M. Edelman

John Parkinson

Members
Louis J. Gill

H. C. Chambers

s&tate Poarb of (Engineer (Examiners

President H. J. Brunnier, San Francisco

Vice-President . . . Donald M. Baker, Los Angeles

Secretary Albert Givan, Sacramento

Ass't Secretary . . Ralph J. Reed, Los Angeles

Structural lEnainc-crs Association

of Northern California

President H. J. Brunnier

Vice-President C. H. Snyder

Secretary-Treasurer A. B. Saph, Jr.

Board of Directors

Walter Huber A. B. Saph, Jr. H. J. Brunnier

C. H. Snyder Harold B. Hammill

The Architect and Engineer. November, 1931

tageous to employ some supplementary means,
through advertising, to direct public attention to
the efforts of the architect.

Enlightenment on qualifications for membership
in the Institute being desired, Mr. Kohn believed
a main qualification was a desire to come into
the Institute and conform to its principles. Mr.
Vogel spoke of the examination he was compelled
to undergo when he joined, and Mr. Kohn, while
he believed that professional ability should be
required, considered capabilities so divergent that
such barriers as rigid examination were undesir-
able. A public statement covering the position of
the Institute was being prepared for general cir-
culation.

After the noon meeting with the Chapter Mr.
Kohn visited the Architectural Department of the
University and spoke to the students assembled
in the drafting room.

The evening meeting, to which all architects
were welcome, was held at the Pine Street Tea
Room. At this meeting President Kohn spoke of
the architect's connection with Federal buildings.
He said that the present giving out of work to
architects in private practice by the Treasury De-
partment was a temporary measure, it being the
Department's intention to discontinue this when
the present emergency is over. The Government's
office is not organized to give out architectural
work. Without criticizing the good men who
were in this Department of the Government serv-
ice, this large Governmental office could not work
effectively. It was too large for effective opera-
tion under the best circumstances and competent
architectural executives could not be obtained
for this service.

In advocating a change we should get support
from others in the building industry, stressing
the advantage to the community of local control.
If any change was made the essential importance
must be realized of getting outside architects who
are competent. A Federal Department of Public
Works had been advocated to handle all Govern-
ment construction. This effort, in the past, had
failed of support from the Institute because the
head was to be an engineer. It was now proposed
to have a non-professional administrative head
with two divisions, headed respectively by an
architect and engineer. This is too sweeping a
measure to be adopted at this time and the best
we can hope for now is some improvement
through appropriation bills, leaving the supervis-
ing architect as now in the Treasury Department.
On the subject of architect's fees the Institute
schedule generally accepted and recognized by
the courts in the absence of other agreements is
valuable. But it is not a logical method of arriving

at a proper compensation for the architect, and
another method, the cost-plus, is believed to be
gaining. Whatever method is employed, the arch-
itect should be decently paid and he should in-
sist on such compensation.

Architects need support from others in the
building industry as others in the industry need
the cooperation of the architects. This was the
idea of the newly organized Construction Group.
Good human relationships should be established.
The leadership of the architect is desired, as has
been plainly shown in the use of architects to
settle building disputes.

General discussion being invited, Mr. Gould
asked what had been done in regard to architec-
tural bureaus of the Government other than in
the Treasury Department. These were briefly
cited by President Kohn with the statement that
they were being given attention. Mr. Torbitt,
being asked to say something about fees, said that
architects should be concerned more with what
they give than what they get. Mr. Willatsen be-
lieved an architect should charge what his work
■was worth.

John Hudson, President or the State Society,
believed that Federal work by local architects
should have general support.

To effect some definite progress at this meet-
ing, Mr. Kohn suggested the appointment of two
joint committees, one to organize all architects
and the second to get support from all elements
of the building industry. A motion that this be
the sense of the meeting was voted and Presi-
dent Borhek announced that the Washington
State Chapter of the Institute and the Washing-
ton Society of Architects would be so informed.

OREGON CHAPTER MEETING
Twenty-three members of Oregon Chapter, A.
I. A., attended a welcome dinner to President
Robert D. Kohn, of New York, and Regional
Director Fred Willson, of Bozeman, Montana, at
the University Club, Portland, October 21.

A report of the special committee regarding or-
ganization of a State Association of Registered
Architects was read by Chairman Lawrence. After
considerable discussion Mr. Herzog moved the
adoption of the last paragraph of the report, sec-
onded by Mr. Church. Mr. Holford offered as an
amendment that a Chapter committee be appointed
to confer with the State Board of Architects Ex-
aminers, asking them to carry out the provision of
this resolution. If the State Board for any reason
declines to act then the Chapter committee will
carry out the resolution. The resolution carried as
amended.

It was moved by Mr. Stanton, seconded by Mr.
Church and carried, that Mr. Foley of the Asso-
ciation of Professional Societies be invited to the
next Chapter meeting.

Mr. Willson spoke on the unwieldy size of the
"Western Mountain" regional division and of the
difficulties in the way of dividing it.

The meeting then adjourned to the dining room
where the Chapter was joined by eight or nine
non-Institute members. After talks by Mr. Will-
son and Mr. Kohn the meeting was thrown open
for general discussion, which lasted until 10:30
o'clock. W.H.C.

SPOKANE SOCIETY OF ARCHITECTS
Julius A. Zittel, President of the Spokane Soci-
ety of Architects, entertained visiting and local
delegates to the Northern Building Industry Con-
ference at a banquet at the Spokane Hotel Sep-
tember 12. A general round table discussion of
the many phases of current professional problems
taken up at this gathering was constructive and
interesting.

H. W. Doty, Portland, told the group that an
architectural clinic idea has been developed in
Portland. By this method plans are checked by
a committee in order to forestall difficulties on
the job later on. "Such difficulties, when found
too late, give the entire profession adverse pub-
licity," said Mr. Doty.

H. C. Whitehouse, Spokane, told of his firm,
Whitehouse and Price, showing a complete ex-
hibit of all sketches, drawings and details made
by his office on the new cathedral recently com-
pleted at Spokane. The public, it seems, was
amazed at the volume of work necessary to turn
out a set of plans.

Fred F. Wilson, Bozeman. Montana, in giving
a few sidelights on the San Antonio convention,
stated that for the first time in the 74 years' his-
tory of the Institute the meetings were for the
smaller practitioner. Mr. Wilson prophesied a
a continuance of this attitude.

Roland E. Borhek, Tacoma, related graphic
and humorous experiences in obtaining a full fee
for services rendered. He stated that the low-fee
man sets the value on his own services.

TACOMA SOCIETY OF ARCHITECTS
"Hobbies" was the subject of a talk given by
Silas E. Nelsen before the Tacoma Society of
Architects at the noon meeting September 28. His
idea of a hobby was something entirely different
from the regular occupation, but still an activity
constructive in purpose. Mr. Nelsen's hobby, for

8-1

The Architect and Enaincer. November, 1931

Thomas D. Church, A. S. L.
Landscape Architect

PASATIEMPO GUEST HOUSE

Clarence A. Tantau
Architect

LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE

MISS Marion Hollins, in creating the beau'
tiful Pasatiempo Country Club Estates
overlooking Santa Cruz;, built with a perma-
nence characteristic of her activities.

A large California Live Oak (Quercus Agri'
folia) softens and shades the Guest House front
and provides a quiet and shady patio for the
Club's Tea Garden. Mr. Thomas D. Church,
the landscape architect, in order to carry out
his plan to brick and grade the terrace, yet
preserve the life and health of this very essen-
tial oak, arranged for an installation of the
famous Davey Root System.

Landscape architects and architects have real-
ized in the past, that fills and hard surface
coverings exclude air from tree roots and that
in cutting trenches for foundations, drains and
pipes, tree roots are severed, thereby endanger-
ing the tree's life or retarding growth.

Davey Root Systems placed in the root area of
the tree provide air, food and water, the natural
elements so necessary for root growth and yet
allow the greatest of latitude in building.

Telephone or write our nearest office and our
representative will give you a complete report
not only on your problem, but its cost as well
without any obligation.

DAVEY TREE SURGERY CO., LTD.

923 Seventh Street
FRanklin6891

972 Russ Building
SUtter 3377

SAN DIEGO, CALIF. SAN FRANCISCO

The Architect and Engineer, November, 1931

1103 Story Building
TUcker 1929
los angeles

430 Pacific Southwest Building

WAKEFIELD 3006

PASADENA. CALIF.

HAZARD HELPS THE
COMING GENERATIONS

cago Lying -hi
Hospital and Dispensary.
Architects: Schmidt. Car-
din and Erikson. General
Contractor: H. B. Barnard.
Electrical Contractor: Lab
Electric Company.

Is there any hospital more
important than a matern-
ity institution where com-
ing generations are helped
into a waiting world? Is
there any place where de-
pendable light is more important than
in the delivery room of a lying-in
hospital? Can you name a use for
electric wire and cable where more
depends upon its utter reliability?
In the magnificent new Chicago
Lying-in Hospital and Dispensary,
Hazard Standard 30',' building wire
is being installed throughout. By
selecting a recognized brand with an
established record of reliable per-
formance to recommend it, by choos-
ing the highest quality (30',' ) of that
proven Hazard brand, the builders
have insured that nothing will be left
undone to give light to the coming
generations as they arrive out of the
"everywhere" and face the "here."

Hazard Insulated Wire Works

Division of The Okonite Company
WORKS: WILKES-BARRE, PA.

New York

San Francisco

Chicago

St. Louis

Los Angeles

Philadelphia

Boston

Seattle

Pittsbureh

Atlanta

Dallas

instance, is boats, which he illustrated in his re-
cent pursuit of Moby Dick. It was revealed that
another Viking member of the society, George
Ekvall, has a penchant for marine activity.

Agitation for a study of Puget Sound regional
problems is rife among Tacoma architects. The
development of the Columbia Basin and its
connection by tunnel with Puget Sound terminals
is one of the points of the program.

The society is regularly holding sketch com-
petitions among draftsmen.

WASHINGTON STATE SOCIETY
Delegates E. Glen Morgan and Lawrence
Hauser, both of Seattle, gave reports on the pro-
ceedings at the Northwest Building Industry Con-
ference, held at Spokane in mid-September, be-
fore the monthly session of the Washington State
Society of Architects at the Hotel Gowman,
Seattle. October 8. Plans for the Round Table
Conference of Architects, scheduled for Wed-
nesday noons at the Daniel Huntington lunch
room in the Northern Life Tower, were discussed.
John S. Hudson wielded the gavel and Oscar F.
Nelson read the minutes.

PRODUCERS' COUNCIL DINNER
On Monday, December 7, the Producers'
Council of Northern California will hold their
second joint meeting with San Francisco and
East Bay architects. The meeting will take the
form of a dinner, to be followed by an entertain-
ing program and a talk by A. E. Lawrence of the
National Lead Company of California.

Mr. Lawrence will take as his subject, "Color in
Industry and in the Home." During his talk he
will give practical demonstrations showing the
use of color both in pigments and in illumination.
Mr. Lawrence is recognized as one of the leading
color authorities in the West, and his talk should
prove not only interesting but highly educational.
A dinner will be served in the dining room of
the Engineers' Club at 6 p. m. G. R. Kingsland.
governor of the Producers' Council Club of
Northern California, will preside, while Steele L.
Winterer promises some unique entertainment.

ELECTS NEW OFFICERS
At a meeting of the Alameda County Society of
Architects the following officers were installed:
William Schirmer. president; Morton Williams,
vice-president; W. R. Yelland, secretary and
treasurer. A model of an Oakland civic center,
which the society is endeavoring to establish, has
been placed on exhibition in the Oakland public
library.

The Architect and Engineer. November, 1931

bOOL RLVILWS

by&ctyar ST % JQeru/ZT

SOUTHERN ARCHITECTURE ILLUS-
TRATED. Edited by Southern Architect 6 Build-
ing News. Foreword by Lewis E. Crook. Jr.,,
A. I. A. Introduction by Dwight James Baum,
A. I. A. Published by Hammam Publishing Co..
Atlanta, Georgia.

Beyond the foreword and introduction, there is
no text connected with this book of exquisite
photographs of America's finest old Southern
houses. The book needs no text; each picture is
illustrated and text in itself. There are more than
two hundred and fifty plates and plans of the
outstanding country and town houses of the
South, with the addition of a few of the more
notable modern homes in Florida.

To the residence architect, this book ought to
be an inspiration and a proof that traditionally,
residence architecture in America is sound and
has, for a comparatively new country, as fine a
back ground as might well be asked for.

SCHOOL VENTILATION (Principles and
Practices). Final contribution of the New York
Commission on Ventilation. Published by the
Bureau of Publications, Teacher's College, Co-
lumbia University, New York. Price $1.00.

A small book containing sixty-eight chapters
on the increasing and important subject of venti-
lation in schools. Findings of the first New York
Commission of 1923 are given, as well as legis-
lative control of school ventilation.

Among some of the interesting titles of chap-
ters may be noted the following: Studies on Body
Radiation and Drafts; Economic Aspects of
Gravity and Fan Ventilation; Unsolved Prob-
lems of Ventilation; The Field for Fan Venti-
lation.

NOTES OF THE TRADE
The Diamond Electric Company. Pacific Coast
subsidiary of the Square D Electric Company, has
just put on the market the Square D Calculator,
which computes all interior and conduit wiring
problems and will figure any one of four items:
ampers, feet of wire, size of wire and percentage
drop.

The Code Electric Products Corporation, 1341
Englewood Avenue, Philadelphia, announces a
new Meter Connection Block, and other switch
panels, cabinets and meter test switches.

REFRIGERATION SATISFACTION

PERMITS NO COMPROMISE

WITH QUALITY

Beautifully modern, strikingly differ-
ent . . . the General Electric Refrig-
erator is capably discharging the duties
of leadership won by faultless perform-
ance-— in over a million homes!

GENERAL « ELECTRIC

ALL STEEL REFRIGERATOR

< We

L.H.Bennett Q,,,Rvr.

Northern California and Nevada Distributor
Rialto Building, San Franciico

The Architect and Engineer. November. 1931

SGALKRAFT

REG U S. PAT. OFF.

cures concrete

—even pitched roof slabs

THE application of Sisalkraft for curing and pro-
tecting floors, ramps, stairs and sidewalks is
common. Its use on pitched roof slabs as illustrated
is a little unusual but none the less practical. Sisal-
kraft is laid in 22 inch strips between form dividers.

Any slab cured under Sisalkraft will be stronger,
denser and longer lived. The curing is positive and
automatic because the evaporation of the mixing water
is retarded enough to permit complete hydration.

On floors and sidewalks particularly, protection is
almost as important as the cure. Sisalkraft provides
both at the same time and at a single cost. The non-
elastic unspun sisal reenforcing gives Sisalkraft the
strength necessary to stand the abuse received in
this service.

Sisalkraft comes in rolls 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 ft. wide.
Ask for our special folder on concrete curing or get
samples from the local dealer.

THE SISALKRAFT CO.

205 W. Wacker Drive (Canal Station), Chicago, 111.
55 New Montgomery Street, San Francisco, Calif.

A & E 11 Gray

The Chicago Belting Company. 113 North
Green Street, Chicago, has issued information on
the New Rockwood Drive for compressors, ice
machines, heating and ventilating systems. This
new drive claims to consume less power and to
be a most efficient short-center belt drive.

A folder describing a new product of the In-
land Steel Company, First National Bank Build-
ing, Chicago, has lately been issued by that com-
pany. The product in question is called the new
Inland 4-Way Floor Plate, which is non-skid in
four directions, whence it takes its name.

The Mundet Cork Corporation announces the
removal of the New York office from 461 Eighth
Avenue to 450 Seventh Avenue. New York City.
This firm has the twenty-ninth floor of the Nelson
Tower at 7th Avenue and 34th Street.

BERKELEY RESIDENCE
John E. Dinwiddie, 525 Market Street, San
Francisco, is preparing plans for a two story
English frame and stucco residence for a Berk-
eley client. The estimated cost is $8000.

UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
A. H. Albertson, Northern Life Tower, Seat-
tle, has been commissioned to prepare plans for
a new law school building on the campus of the
University of Washington, at cost of $400,000.

MILLS COLLEGE DORMITORY
Plans have been completed for a new dormi-
tory at Mills College and the trustees will au-
thorize construction of the building this winter.
W. H. Ratcliff, Jr.. is the architect.

YEON BUILDING IMPROVEMENTS
Improvements costing $150,000 are contem-
plated to the Yeon Building, Portland, Oregon,
from plans by De Young, Rosenberg & Mosco-
witz of Portland.

COMMISSIONED ARCHITECT
John J. Donovan, Oakland, has been commis-
sioned to prepare plans for a new post office
building at Marysville, Yuba County, California,
estimated to cost $150,000.

The Architect and Engineer, November, 1931

Estimator's Guide

Giving Cost of Building Materials, Wage Scale, Etc.

Amounts quoted are figuring prices and are made up from average quotations
furnished by material houses to three leading contracting firms of San Francisco.

This month — Note All building materials are stiffening in price. Better prices are being obtained on contracts.

Overtime in wage scale should be
credited with time and a half, Sunday
and holidays double.

Itoiul — \'Vz% amount of contract.

Itrickwork —

Common, $31 to $36 per 1000 laid,
(according to class of work).

Face, $70 to $90 per 1000 laid, (ac-
cording to class of work).

Brick Steps, using pressed brick,
$.90 lin. ft.

Brick Walls, using pressed brick on
edge, 60c sq. ft. (Foundations ex-
tra.)

Brick Veneer on frame buildings.
$.S0 sq. ft.

Common, f. o. 1). cars. $14.0'0 plus
cartage.

Face, f.o.b. cars, $45.00 per 1000,
carload lots.

HOLLOW TILE FIREPROOFING ff.o.b. job)

3x12x12 in $ 68.00 per M

4x12x12 in 76.50 per M

6x12x12 in 105.00 per M

8x12x12 in 170.00 per M

HOLLOW BUILDING TILE (f.o.b. job)
carload lots).

8x12x5% $76.50

6x12x5% 59.50

Composition Floors — 18c to 30c per
sq. ft. In large quantities, 18c per
sq. ft. laid.

Dnraflex Floor— 23c to 30c sq. ft.

Rubber Tile — 55c per sq. ft.

Terazzo Floors — 60c to 60c per sq. ft.

Terazzo Steps— $1.50 lin. ft.

Mosaic Floors — 80c per sq. ft.

Concrete Work (material at San Fran-
cisco bunkers) — Quotations below
2000 lbs. to the ton.

No. 3 rock, at bunkers $1.66 per ton

No. 4 rock, at bunkers 1.66 per ton

Eliot pea gravel, at bnkrs. 1.75 per ton
Washed gravel, at bunkrs 1.75 per ton
Uliott top gravel, at bnkrs. 1.75 per ton
City gravel, at bunkers .... 1.40 per ton

River sand, at bunkers 1.50 jer ton

Delivered bank sand 1.10 cu yd.

Xote — Above prices are subject to dis-
count of 10c per ton on invoices paid
on or before the 115th of month, fol-
lowing delivery.

SAND

Del Monte, $1.75 to $3.00 per ton.
Fan Shell Beach (car lots, f. o. b.

Lake Majella), $2.75 to $4.00 per

ton.
Cement, $2.24 per bbl. in paper sks.
Cement (f.o.b. Job, S. F.) $2.44 per

bbl.
Cement (f.o.b. Job, Oak.), $2.64 per

per bbl.
Rebate of 10 cents bbl. cash in 15

days.

Medusa "White" $ 8.50 per bbl.

Forms, Labors average 22.00 per M.
Average cost of concrete in place,

exclusive of forms, 28c per cu. ft.
4-inch concrete basement

floor 13c to 14c per sq. ft.

4% inch Concrete Basement

floor 13c to 14c per sq. ft.

2-inch rat-proofing.. ..6%c per sq. ft.
Concrete Steps $1.10 per lin. ft.

Dampproofing- and Waterproofing' —

Two-coat work, 18c per yard.
Membrane waterproofing — 4 layers

of saturated felt, $5.0© per square.
Hot coating work, $1.80 per square.
Medusa Waterproofing, 15%c per

bbl, San Francisco Warehouse.

Electric Wiring- — $2.75 to $8.50 per
outlet for conduit work (including
switches).
Knob and tube average $2.25 to

$5.00 per outlet, including

switches.

Elevators —

Prices vary according to capacity,
speed and type. Consult elevator
companies. Average cost of in-
stalling an automatic elevator in
four-story building, $2450; direct
automatic, about $2400.

Excavation —

Sand, 40 cents; clay or shale, 90c
per yard.

Teams, $10.00 per day.

Trucks, $20 to $25 per day.

Above figures are an average with-
out water. Steam shovel work in
large quantities, less; hard ma-
terial, such as rock, will run con-
siderably more.

Fire Escapes—

Ten-foot balcony, with stairs,
$65.00 per balcony.

<;inss (consult with manufacturers I —
Double strength window glass, 15c

per square foot.
Quartz Lite, 50c per square foot.

Plate SOc per square foot.
Art, $1.00 up per square foot.
Wire (for skylights), 27c per square

foot.
Obscure glass, 2;5c square foot.
Note— Add extra for setting.

Heating' —

Average, $1.60 per sq. ft. of radia-
tion, according to conditions.

Iron — Cost of ornamental iron, cast

iron, etc., depends on designs.
Lumber (prices delivered to bldg. site)
Common, $24.00 per M (average).
Common O. P. select, average, $28.00
per M.

1 x 6 No. 3— Form Lumber $15.00 per M

1 x 4 No. 1 flooring VG 58.00 per M

1 x 4 No. 2 flooring 50.00 per M

1 x -1 No. 3 flooring 40.00 per M

1 x 6 No. 2 flooring 52.00 per M

114x4 and 6 No. 2 flooring 60.00 per M

Slash grain —

1x4 No. 2 flooring $35.00 per M

1x4 No. 3 flooring 32.00 per M

No. 1 common run to T. & G 28.00 per M

Lath 5.00 per M

Shingles (add cartage to prices
quoted) —

Redwood. No. 1 $ .85 per bdle.

Redwood, No. 2 ...- 65 per bdle.

Red Cedar 85 per bdle.

Hardwood Flooring (delivered to
building) —

13-16x3U" T & G Maple $105.00 M ft.

1 1-16x2'!" T & G Maple 135.00 M ft.

7.x:>'^ sq. edge Maple 122.50 M ft.

13-16x2'i" %x2" 6-16x2"
T&G T&G Sq.Ed.

Clr. Qtd. Oak ....$175.00 M $126.00 M $158 M
Sel. Qtd. Oak .... 115.00 M 1)5.00 M 110 M
Clr. Pla. Oak .... 11O.00M S7.00 M 95 M
Sel. Pla. Oak 106.00 M 68.00 M 82 M

Clear Maple 110.00 M S2.00 M

Laying & Finishing 16c ft. 15c ft. 13c ft.
Wage — Floor layers, $9.00 per day.

Ituilding Taper —

1 ply per 1000 ft. roll $2.80

2 ply per 1000 ft. roll 4.2r

3 ply per 1000 ft. roll C.oO

Sisalkraft, 500 ft. roll -... 5.50

Sash cord com. No. 7 $1.00 per 100 ft.

Sash cord com. No. S 1.10 per 100 ft.

Sash cord spot No. 7 1.60 per 100 ft.

Sash cord spot No. 8 1.90 per 100 ft.

Sash weights cast iron, $45.00 ton

Nails. $2.85 base.
Belgian nails. $2.60 base.

Millwork —

O. P. $75.00 per 1000. R. W., $80.00

per 1000 (delivered).
Double hung box window frames,

average, with trim, $5.00 and up.

each.
Doors, including trim (single panel,

1% in. Oregon pine) $6.00 and up,

each.
Doors, including trim (five panel,

134 in. Oregon pine) $5.75 each.
Screen doors, $3.50 each.
Patent screen windows, 20c a sq. ft.
Cases for kitchen pantries seven ft.

high, per lineal ft., $4.25 each.
Dining room cases, $5.50 per lineal

foot.
Labor — Rough carpentry, warehouse

heavy framing (average), $11.00

per M.
For smaller work, average, $22 to

$30 per 1000.

The Architect and Engineer, November. 1931

Marble— (Not set), add 50c to 65c per

ft. for setting.

Alaska $1.40 sq. ft.

Columbia 1-40 sq. it

Golden Vein Yule Colo 1.70 sq. ft.

Pink Lepanto 1.50 sq. ft.

Italian 2.00 sq. ft

NOTE — Above quotations are for '* inch
wainscot in large slabs f.o.b. factory.
Prices on all other classes of work should
be obtained from the manufacturers.

Floor Tile— Set in place.

Verde Antique $2.50 sq. ft.

Tennessee 1-50 sq. ft.

Alaska 1.35 sq.ft.

Columbia 1-45 sq. ft.

Yule Colorado 1.45 sq. ft.

Travertine l.Mlsq.n

Painting —

Two-coat work 27c per yard

Three-coat work 36c per yard

Cold Water Painting 8c per yard

Whitewashing 4c per yard

Turpentine, 80c per gal, in cans and

65c per gal. in drums.
Raw Linseed Oil— 73c gal. in bbls.
Boiled Linseed Oil— 76c gal. in bhls.
Medusa Portland Cement Paint, 20c
per lb.
tarter or Dutch Boy White Lead in
Oil (in steel kegs).

Per Lb.

1 ton lots, 100 lbs. net weight ll%c
500 lb. and less than 1 ton lots 12c
Less than 500 lb. lots 12%

Dutch Boy Dry Red Lead and
Litharge (in steel kegs).
1 ton lots, 100 lb. kegs, net wt. ll%c
500 lb. and less than 1 ton lots 12c
Less than 500 lb lots 12%c

lied Lead in Oil (in steel kegs)

1 ton lots, 100 lb. kegs, net wt. 13 Vic
500 lb. and less than 1 ton lots 13% c

Less than 500 lb. lots 14c

Note — Accessibility and conditions
cause wide variance of costs.

Patent Chimneys—

6-inch $1.00 lineal foot

8-inch 1.50 lineal foot

10-inch 1.85 lineal foot

12-inch 2.10 lineal foot

Pipe Casings — 12" long (average).
$8.00 each. Each additional inch 10c.

Plastering — Interior —

Yard

1 coat, brown mortar only, wood lath....$0.36

2 coats, lime mortar hard finish, wood
lath 45

2 coats, hard wall plaster, wood lath 50

3 coats, metal lath and plaster 90

Keene cement on metal lath 1.10

Ceilings with % Hot roll channels metal

lath 65

Ceilings with 54 hot roll channels metal

lath plastered 1.30

Shingle partition % channel lath 1 side .60
Single partition % channel lath 2 sides

2 inches thick 2.00

4-inch double partition % channel lath

Plastering — Exterior —

Yard
2 coats cement finish, brick or con-
crete wall $ .90

2 coats Atlas cement, brick or con-
crete wall 1.15

3 coats cement finish No. 18 gauge
wire mesh 1.60

3 coats Medusa finish No. IS gauge

wire mesh 2.90

Wood lath, $4.00 per 1000.

J. '-Hi. metal lath (dipped) 15

2.5-lb. metal lath (galvanized) 18

3.4-lb. metal lath (dipped) 20

3.4-lb. metal lath (galvanized) 26

:,-inch hot roll channels, $45 per ton.

Hardwall plaster, $15.40 ton ; $12.95 in

paper sacks (rebate 15c sack).
Finish plaster. $16.40 ton ; in paper sacks.
Dealer's commission, $1.00 off above

quotations.

$13.85 (rebate 10c sack).
Lime, f.o.b. warehouse. $2.25bbl. ;cars, $2.15
Lime, bulk I ton 2000 lbs.), $16.00 ton.
Wall Board 5 ply. $43.00 per M.
Hvdrate Lime, $19.60 ton.

Composition Stucco — $

sq. yard (applied).

.35 to $1.75 per

Plumbing —

From $58.00 per fixture up, accord-
ing to grade, quantity and runs.

Rooting —

"Standard" tar and gravel, $5.00 per
square for 30 squares or over.

Less than 30 squares, $5.25 per sq.

Tile, $17.00 to $30.00 per square.

Redwood Shingles, $11.00 per square
in place.

Cedar Shingles, $10 sq. in place.

Recoat, with Gravel, $3.00 per sq.

Sheet Metal-
Windows— Metal, $1.80 a sq. foot.
Fire doors (average), including
hardware, $2.00 per sq. ft.

Skylights-
Copper, $1.0'0 sq. ft. (not glazed).
Galvanized iron, 25c sq. ft. (not
glazed).

Stone —

Granite, average, $7.00 cu. foot in

place.
Sandstone, average Blue, $3.50;

Boise, $2.60 sq. ft. in place.
Indiana Limestone, $2.60 per sq. ft.

in place.

Store Fronts —

Copper sash bars for store fronts.
corner, center and around sides,
will average 70c per lineal foot.

Note — Consult with agents.

Steel Structural — $85 per ton (erect-
ed). This quotation is an average
for comparatively small quantities.

Light truss work higher; plain beam
and column work in large quanti-
ties, less.

Cost of steel for average building
(erected), $83.00 to $90.00 per ton.

1931 WAGE SCHEDULE

FOR SAN FRANCISCO

BUILDING TRADES

Fixed by the Impartial Wage Board

Indorsed by Architects. General and Sub-
Contractors, Municipal, State and Federal
Governments.

Journeymen
Craft Mechanics

Asbestos workers _ $ 8.00

Bricklayers 11.00

Bricklayers' hodcarriers 7.00

Cabinet workers, (shop) 7.50

Cabinet workers, (outside) 9.00

Carpenters 9. 00

Cement finishers 9.00

Electric workers 9.00

Electrical fixture hangers 8.00

Elevator constructors 10.00

Elevator helpers 7.00

Engineers, portable and hoisting 9.00

Glass workers 8.50

Hardwood Moormen .. 9.00

Housemovcrs 8.00

Housesmiths, arch, iron, skilled all branches 9.00
Housesmiths, arch, iron, not skilled all

branches 8.00

Housesmiths, reinforced concrete, or rodmen 9.0U
Iron workers (bridge & structural) includ-
ing engineers 11.00

Laborers, building (6-day week) 5.50

Lathers, channel iron 10.00

"Lathers, all other 8.50

Marble setters 10.00

Marble helpers 5.00

Marble cutters and copers 8.00

Marble bed rubbers 7.50

Marble polishers and finishers 7.00

Millmen, planing mill department 7.00

Millmen, sash and door 6.00

Millwrights g 00

Model makers 10.00

Model casters 900

Mosaic and Terrazzo workers 9.00

Mosaic and Terrazzo helpers 6.00

Painters 900

Painters, varnishers and polishers (shop).... 7.50

Painters, varnishers and polishers (outside) 9.00

Pile drivers and wharf builders 9.00

Pile drivers engineers 10.00

Plasterers ,,.<,<,

Plasterers' hodcarriers 7.50

Plumbers 10.00

Roofers, composition 800

Roofers, all others g ou

Sheet metal workers 9 u0

Sprinkler fitters 10.00

Steam fitters ,q 00

Stair builders 9 qq

Stone cutters, soft and granite 8.50

Stone setters, soft and granite 9.00

Stone carvers g cq

Stone derrickmen 9 qq

Ti,e se"er* 1_ io"oo

Tile helpers 6 00

Auto truck drivers, less than 2500 lbs 5.50

Auto truck drivers, 2500 to 4500 lbs 6.00

Auto truck drivers, 4500 to 6500 lbs 6.50

Auto truck drivers, 6500 lbs. and over 7.00

General teamsters, 1 horse 5.30

General teamsters, 2 horses 6.00

General teamsters, 4 horses 6,50

Plow teamsters, 4 horses $ 50

Scraper teamsters, 2 horses 6.00

Scraper teamsters, 4 horses D 00

•On wood lath if piece rates are paid they
shall be not less than such an amount as will
guarantee, on an average day's production of 1600
lath, the day wage set forth.

Eight hours shall constitute a day's work for
all Crafts except as otherwise noted.

Plasterer's hodcarriers, bricklayers' hodcarriers.
roofers, laborers, and engineers, portable and hoist-
ing, shall start 15 minutes before other workmen,
both at morning and noon.

Five and one-half days, consisting of eight hour?
in Monday to Friday inclusive, and four hours on
Saturday forenoon shall constitute a week's work.

Where two shifts are worked in any twenty-
four hours shift time shall be straight time. Where
three shifts are worked, eight hours pay shall be
paid for seven hours on the second and third
shifts.

All work shall regularly be performed between
the hours of 8 A. M. and S P. M., provided, thai
in emergencies or where premises cannot be vacated
for work by mechanics until the close of business,
men then reporting for work shall work at straight
time; but any work performed after midnight shall
be paid time and one-half except on Saturdays,
Sundays, and holidays, when double time shall be
paid.

Recognized holidays to be New Year's Day,
Decoration Day, Fourth of July, Labor Day, Ad-
mission Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas
Day.

Men ordered to report for work, for whom no
employment is provided, shall be entitled to t»n
hours pay.

The Architect and Engineer, November. 1931

PORTLAND CEMENT RESEARCH
Dr. Edward R. Weidlein, director Mellon In-
stitute of Industrial Research, Pittsburgh, Pa., has
announced the foundation of an Industrial Fel-
lowship by the Green Bag Cement Company of
Pittsburgh, subsidiary of the Davison Coke and
Iron Company. The investigational work of this
Fellowship, which will be carried on by Raymond
C. Briant. will be concerned with studies of the
chemical and physical properties of Portland ce-
ment and with the development of certain new
cement products.

Mr. Briant has come to Mellon Institute from
the United States Bureau of Standards, Wash-
ington, D. C, where, during the past several
years, he has been engaged in research under, the
auspices of the Portland Cement Association.

NEW ARCHITECTS' SOCIETY
Julius A. Zittel is the first president of the
newly organized Spokane Society of Architects;
Archibald Riggs. vice-president and Harold C.
Whitehouse, second vice-president, with Ogden
F. Beeman, secretary-treasurer. The organization
is endorsing the work of the Spokane construction
and industries committee of the Chamber of Com-
merce "Local Men for Local Work."

SALINAS HOTEL APARTMENTS
The Franciscan Hotel at Salinas will undergo
extensive alterations from plans by the H. H.
Winner Company, 580 Market Street, San Fran-
cisco. The entire interior will be modernized.
About $30,000 will be expended on the improve-
ments.

ALAMEDA FACTORY GROUP
It is expected that construction will be under-
way shortly on the Owens-Illinois Glass Com-
pany plant in Alameda. The plans are being
prepared by Mills. Rhines. Bellman & Nordhoff.
engineers, of Toledo, Ohio.

MEDICAL SCHOOL CLINIC
A six story Class A medical school clinic is to
be built at Second and Parnassas Avenue, San
Francisco, at a cost of $600,000. The clinic is
for the Regents of the University of California.
W. C. Hays is preparing the plans.

UNIVERSITY GYMNASIUM
Construction is underway on the new million
dollar gymnasium at the University of Califor-
nia, Berkeley. Bids were received on November
7th. Plans for the building were prepared by
George W. Kelham, University architect.

The Architect and Engineer, November, 1931

Entrance Vestibule, Shell Oil Building, San Francisco
Walls of French Botreville Marble

Geo. W. Kelham, Architect
P. J. Walker Company, Builders

All Interior Marble
In the Shell Building
Furnished and Installed by the

American
Marble Company

Telephone SUtter 2840 for both
Office and Factory

Drafting and Estimating
Departments at our

FACTORY

Swift Avenue and Canel
South San Francisco

OFFICE

1503-1504 HOBART BUILDING

Market Street, opposite Second Street
San Francisco, California

MONEL
METAL

Here's a testimony that
speaks for itself....

Los Angeles,
California,
May6th,
19 3 1.

Pacific Metals Company, Ltd.,
470 East Third Street,
Los Angeles, California.

Gentlemen:

We used Monel Metal exclusively for our
kitchen equipment when the Jonathan Club
was built over five years ago, and we are
pleased to state that it has been entirely
satisfactory and has a better appearance
now than When first installed. We know of
no other material Which we consider its
equal. In remodelling our new beaoh club
we again used Monel Metal in the kitchen.

It has been a real pleasure to work in this
kitchen with its Monel equipment and its
clean bright appearance is always easy to
maintain.

It is in my opinion the most sanitary equip-
ment obtainable, and without much effort it
can be kept clean at all times.

Very truly yours,

THE JONATHAN CLUB

0JH:A

PACIFIC METALS COMPANY, Ltd.
PACIFIC FOUNDRY COMPANY, Ltd.

3100 Nineteenth Street
San Francisco

COMPETITION PROCEDURE

Prepared by the Committee on Ethics and

Competitions, A. I. A.

HE Committee on Public Information, the
American Institute of Architects, asks every

551 Fifth Avenue
New York

470 East Third Street
Los Angeles, Calif.

member to read carefully the statement prepared
by the Committee on Ethics and Competitions.
The actions of architects in dealing with public
committees are of great importance not only to
themselves, but also to the standing of the entire
profession. The officers believe this matter is of
prime importance and desire to assist members
in their relations with public committees.

It is evident that there is some confusion in
the minds of members as to what constitutes a
competition and how best to deal with a building
committee when competitive sketches are invited.

It is clear that the public work controlled by
school building committees and other similar pub-
lic authorities is of vital interest to the profession,
and it is important that the actions of members
should be consistent with the policies expressed
in the published statements of the profession.
Otherwise, only confusion can result in the minds
of such committees and delay in their acceptance
of sound methods for the selection of architects
for public work.

"A competition exists when two or more archi-
tects prepare sketches at the same time for the
same project." This quotation from the A. I. A.
Code means very simply what it says. The ac-
tions of a building committee or members thereof
are not controlling factors. A competitive situa-
tion is created solely by the action of the archi-
tects who, under whatever circumstances, submit
sketches simultaneously for a given project. They
are frequently invited by various individuals with-
out authority. Submission under such invitation
is always dangerous and likely to lead to confu-
sion. If sketches are to be submitted they should
be promptly withdrawn by all architects involved
as soon as it is ascertained that more than one
sketch has been submitted.

Even though an unauthorized competition is in-
sisted upon by a Town Building Committee and
information is obtained that certain — generally
unnamed — architects intend to submit sketches,
members of the Society may and should consult
with the Town committee, present their qualifica-
tions for the work, including plans and photo-
graphs of executed work, and give the committee
any general advice they see fit in regard to their
problem and the procedure under which it should
be studied to bring about a desirable solution.

The Architect and Engineer. November. 1931

A committee having invited the submission of
sketches may be unable or unwilling to withdraw
the invitations. In most cases it will be found
that the members invited will have separately in-
formed the committee that they do not submit
sketches in that manner. In most cases, also, their
explanation of the Institute competition code finds
ready acceptance by the committee as reasonable,
the submission of a sketch is left optional and the
standing of the architect is not hurt, but rather
improved by his refusal to submit a sketch.

The Committee on Ethics and Competitions is
convinced that the members of such building com-
mittees are generally endowed with common sense,
and while at the outset they are naturally unfa-
miliar with the accepted procedures of the pro-
fession, they are easily convinced of the sound-
ness of those methods of procedure which the
society endorses and are grateful for helpful sug-
gestions looking to the businesslike solution of
their building problem.

If architects approach such committeemen on
the theory of playing a politic game and doing
what they are asked to do in order to ingratiate
themselves with the committee they will only tend
to support and continue the unbusinesslike, unwise
procedures so often involved in the votes of town
meetings. If, however, architects will approach
such committees as if they were reasonably intel-
ligent persons, capable of understanding the
simple, businesslike methods for the selection of
an architect that the Institute has consistently ad-
vocated, they will find that their standing is en-
hanced in the eyes of the committee, that their
sound advice is appreciated, and in most cases
will be accepted and followed, and that they will
stand a better chance of ultimate selection for the
work than their more expediently-inclined com-
petitors. This statement is based upon actual ex-
perience, not mere theory.

At the outset, most committeemen may feel a
natural inclination to receive a number of sketches
from which to select the one they prefer. Most
such committeemen will, however, admit, if faced
with the blunt question, that they are really not
qualified to determine which of the sketches is the
best. If they do accept this idea they will inevit-
ably agree on the desirability of the direct selec-
tion of their architect, or, if for any reason a
competition is deemed necessary, they will see the
need of having it carefully administered and ex-
pertly judged.

The following are instances within the recent
experience of the committee on Ethics and Com-
petitions:

A town building committee invited several
architects to submit sketches on which to base the

The Architect and Engineer, November, 1931

ARCHITECTURAL
BRONZE

Kawneep

*V COMPANY M

NILES, MICHIGAN
and subsidiaries

PRODUCTS
RUSTLESS METAL SEALAIR
WINDOWS - DOORS - ARCHI-
TECTURAL CASTINGS AND
STORE FRONTS

■fij^

Installalion of Wickwire-Spencer Grilles, Metropolitan Theater,
Brooklyn, N Y

Clinton Grilles

1 -f match the hardware

r~* OVERED radiators have brought perforated
^"^ metal grilles into the lime-light. This is true
not only in the public building, but in the home
as well. With new prominence has come the
demand for selected finish. Clinton Metal
Grilles in Wissco Bronze, may be had to match
any hardware or to harmonize with any color
scheme.

Let us send you our own handbook on Grilles. It is more
than a catalogue. It's a text book.

WICKWIRE SPENCER STEEL CO.

144 Townsend Street

San Francisco

361 14th St. North

Portland, Ore.

1070 N. Alameda Street

Los Angeles

1025 Sixth Ave. Sooth

Seattle, Wash.

For . . . Durability . . .
Protection . . . Economy

KENNERSON
ROLLING
STEEL
DOORS

Rugged construction — flexibility of de-
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selection of an architect. Upon receipt of a letter
from the Chapter explaining desirable procedure,
the invitation was withdrawn and the committee
proceeded to direct selection, from among the
architects being considered.

In another recent case the committee was un-
willing to rescind its invitation for submission of
sketches, but left it optional, and after conferring
with the various architects the committee ap-
pointed one of those who did not submit sketches.

Some years ago a town was preparing to hold
an unregulated competition for a high school
laymen would have no ability to judge wisely the
building. Members of the town's finance com-
mittee became convinced, by arguments presented
by members of the Institute, that the committee of
drawings that might be submitted, and brought
about a vote by the town, appointing a committee
with a preliminary appropriation of $1,500, with
which to secure architectural service for the prep-
aration of sketch plans and estimates on which to
base a final appropriation. The direct selection
of an architect with whom the work out a solu-
tion of the problem, becomes the first duty of such
a committee. This procedure permits the solution
to be developed in close cooperation with the
school authorities, which is, of course, essential to
any wise solution.

With such an appropriation the architect is rea-
sonably remunerated for his preliminary service if
the town should then fail for any reason to make
the final appropriation. In many cases, however,
a building committee, ready to make direct selec-
tion of an architect for preliminary service, is pro-
vided with inadequate funds, or even no funds
at all. In such cases an architect selected by them
for this preliminary service should be willing
to pay them, regardless of payment, pro-
vided the committee agrees to receive no other
sketches, and pledges him their support for ap-
pointment as architect if the building is author-
ized, it being clearly understood, however, that
the committee generally has no power to guar-
antee such appointment.

There is no principle of practice that prevents
an architect under such circumstances from fur-
nishing such preliminary service without compen-
sation or for such nominal fee as the committee's
appropriation may warrant, and the Committee on
Ethics and Competitions believes it is desirable for
members to help such committees to carry out
the obligations put upon them by the town vote,
if selected by the committee for this service, even
if forced to do so without remuneration other than
the probability of ultimate appointment when the
final appropriation is voted by the town.

The Architect and Engineer. November. 1931

The Committee on Ethics and Competitions
issues this statement in a desire to make clear to
members what action should be taken by them,
when brought into contact with such situations,
that shall be consistent with the requirements of
the Competition Code and the principles of pro-
fessional practice as approved by the Institute.

STATE BUILDERS ELECT

H. C. Anderson of Berkeley, was elected pres-
ident of the California State Builders Exchange
for the coming year at the annual convention in
San Luis Obispo, September 25 and 26. Ralph
Homann of Los Angeles, was chosen vice-presi-
dent; Frederick Sanford of Santa Ana, secretary
and Lou B. Webster of Los Angeles, treasurer.
Officers are selected by the board of directors
from its own membership.

Six new directors were elected for the coming
year. The full board, including members holding
over, consists of the following :

Ralph E. Homann, Los Angeles.

H. L. Sweeney, Santa Barbara.

W. H. George, San Francisco.

L. S. Peletz, Stockton.

P. M. Sanford, Richmond.

C. M. Gilbert, Orange County.

C. W. Pettifer, Long Beach.

G. A. Graham, Bakersfield.

William T. Loesch, Pasadena.

C. E. McMullin, Fresno.

H. C. Anderson, Berkeley.

REVISED BUILDING CODE

Jean L. Vincenz, City Commissioner of Public
Works, Fresno, has introduced a revised edition
of the uniform building code to the City Council
for passage.

The new code was prepared by the Pacific
Coast Building Officials' Conference to replace
the old 1927 code under which the city has been
operating.

Vincenz said that although there are no radi-
cal changes in the new law. the old code has been
revised so as to conform to more modern devel-
opments in industry, particularly in respect to
steel construction.

Probably the most radical change centers
around plastering. Plastering under the revised
code must be of uniform thickness and applied in
such a manner that building inspectors may easily
detect any violations of the code. The old code
hindered inspectors to such an extent that it was
possible for plasterers to build up the material
around the edges but to dish it in the center so
that less plaster is used.

REAL SERVICE

Many of the window shades
originally installed in the San
Francisco City and County Hos-
pital are still giving real window
shade service.

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The Architect and Engineer, November. 1931

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WAGE BOARD HIGHLIGHTS
Following are highlights of the California In-
dustrial Association's Wage Board findings:
Present scale to continue in effect during 1932.
Official working week to be five days, effective
Jan. 1, 1932.

Working day to continue at eight hours.
Overtime to be paid at the rate of time and
a half.

Work on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays to
be paid at double rates.

Actual emergency and repair work may be per-
formed outside regular working Hours in eight-
hour shifts.

Employment of improvers or helpers, except by
official designation, is a violation of the award.
Ratios of journeymen and apprentices to be
worked out co-operatively.

Recommendation that steps be taken for adop-
tion of an official six-hour day.

The board named recognized holidays as New
Year's Day. Decoration Day, July 4, Labor Day,
Admission Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas.
Men ordered to report for work, for whom no
employment is provided, shall be entitled to two
hours' pay.

The report pointed out that unlike the four
previous boards, the present impartial wage board
was created "through the co-operation of official
representatives of a majority of the organized
building workers and the Industrial Association."
The report was signed by Prof. Willard E.
Hotchkiss of Stanford University, chairman; Will
J. French, director of the State Department of
Industrial Welfare, and Henry J. Brunnier, C. E.,
San Francisco.

BRIDGE MODELS

One-hundredth the size of the actual structure
to be built, but complete in every detail, miniature
bridges are being constructed by scientists as
models for the gigantic San Francisco-Oakland
Bay Bridge. From these models will be chosen
the type of structure to cross San Francisco Bay.

This is the announcement of Charles H. Purcell.
State Highway Engineer, in making public the
fact that Professor George E. Beggs of Princeton
University, one of the foremost bridge experts in
the world, had consented to work with the Uni-
versity of California at Berkeley in constructing
models.

The effect of all loads, wind, temperature — in-
deed all the elements will be tested with the
models.

Every detail of the mammoth bridge will be put
into the structural models of the several possible
types of design; even the same kind of material to
be used.

The Architect and Engineer, November, 1931

Each model will be "loaded" in the same pro-
portion as the full-sized bridge would be, thus
permitting the scientists to measure the actual
stress upon the structure together with the deflec-
tions in temperature ranges.

In this way the safety of the structure is actu-
ally proved before it is built.

Dr. Beggs, leading authority on model bridge
building, constructed the miniatures for the Mount
Hope Bridge.

He is now in California on his Sabbatical year
and had planned to take his family on a yacht
cruise to Alaska. So interested, however, has he
become in the mammoth task of bridging the bay,
that he has given up his cruise and is now at work
on the bridge models.

WINS PLYM FELLOWSHIP

The Francis J. Plym Fellowship in Architec-
ture has been awarded to Francis }. Heusel. This
competition was open to all graduates of the De-
partment of Agriculture, University of Illinois,
who are American citizens of good moral char-
acter and who were under thirty years of age on
the first day of June, 1931. The value of the Fel-
lowship is $1200, to be used in defraying expenses
for one year in Europe for the study of architec-
ture. The subject of the program was A Radio
Broadcasting Studio.

HOTEL AND BOTTLING WORKS

Harrison B. Traver, 1008 W. Sixth Street,
Los Angeles, has been commissioned to prepare
plans for a hotel building and a bottling works
to be erected on Lincoln Avenue, near the Coast
highway, Carlsbad, for the Carlsbad Springs
Properties, Ltd. Hugh A. Beaton, president. The
hotel will be a two-story structure, 200x75 feet
in area, containing shops on the ground floor and
fifty hotel rooms, each with private bath, on the
second floor. The bottling works will be a one-
story structure. Construction will be frame and
stucco.

ARMSTRONG CORK PLANT

Preliminary work has started on the 60-acre
site at Bay Point, Contra Costa County, for the
new manufacturing plant of the Armstrong Cork
Company of California, a subsidiary of the Arm-
strong Cork Company of Lancaster, Pennsyl-
vania. John J. Evans, President of the Company,
states that steps are now underway for grading
the site and installing gas and water mains, build-
ing roads and sidings, and dredging the channel.

Surely A Safe Investment

The raised water orifice on the New Haws No. 8 Drinking
Fountain is above the rim of the receptor, preventing con-
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It's the fountain for that next specification!

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1808 HARMON STREET, BERKELEY

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no injury to structure or finish.

Full information, details and
specifications on request.

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ROCHESTER, NEW YORK

The Architect and Engineer, November, 1931

111

PLEASING...

LEASING in every detail
is the new Decatur DeLuxe
lavatory, illustrated here.
Modern in design, right in
construction, its appeal is
universal.

Mueller vitreous china, so
happily combining beauty
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home4over. The same high
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ware.

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MUELLER

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IOR smooth, trouble-free operation of
doors for the life of the building.

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DRAFTSMEN A BUSINESS BAROMETER

A business barometer for the building industry,
which would serve as a guide for business gen-
erally, is advocated by Electus D. Litchfield of the
New York Chapter of the American Institute of
Architects. Such an indicator could be created, he
declares, by keeping a monthly check on the num-
ber of draftsmen employed by the architects of the
country.

"New York City will be faced with a housing
shortage in two years," says Mr. Litchfield, out-
lining his plan to the Architects' Emergency Em-
ployment Committee for the Region of New York.
"Although the city's population continues to in-
crease, the buildings are growing obsolete. In the
building industry, and I suppose it is the same in
most industries, depressions cure themselves.

"Today we are perhaps at the zero hour. Re-
turn of confidence will be indicated the moment a
definite general increase in employment comes into
the offices of the architects.

"Now, if monthly reports can be obtained of
the number of draftsmen employed by the archi-
tects, we will have the most sensitive possibe
barometer of the attitude of the public mind. Such
a barometer could be taken as an indicator for all
industries insofar as the building industry reflects
the true nature of business conditions generally.

"To date we have had thermometers which told
the business conditions of the past and present,
and we have had wind gauges which told just
how bad the depression hurricane was, or was
going to be, but we have had no barometer which
would predict what business weather we were
likely to have."

Congress took a definite step toward guarding
against future depressions in enacting the Wag-
ner Bill at the last session, according to Mr. Litch-
field. This legislation contemplates the planning
of public works some years in advance of actual
construction so that if an emergency should arise
public works activity could begin without delay.

"In the functioning of this Act," Mr. Litchfield
points out, "it would be important to have prompt
and accurate information as to the state of indus-
try, and particularly the building industry. A sen-
sitive index which would accurately and quickly
measure the direction and speed in which the
building industry was about to move would be of
the greatest general value.

"Such an index could be developed rapidly. To
make it nationwide, a unified organization would
probably be necessary, but in New York, where
all the architects are registered by the State, and
a large percentage of them are members of one
or the other of the architectural societies, this in-

112

The Architect and Engineer. November, 1931

dex of employed draftsmen can be built up at
once."

Architectural leaders in New York, including
Stephen F. Voorhees, president of the New York
Chapter of the Institute, feel that the Council of
Registered Architects of New York would be the
appropriate organization to provide the machinery
necessary for the index. Senator Wagner has ex-
pressed the hope that the plan may be carried out.

"When our leaders sought to relieve the present
slump by throwing large amounts of public works
into the market of the building and allied indus-
tries," said Mr. Litchfield, "they found that
months, and even years, of planning and effort
were necessary before the work could be actually
started. Under the Wagner Bill the plans would
be prepared so that public construction could be
placed rapidly. The architectural index would be
of the greatest value to the commission appointed
to carry out the terms of the Act.

"Suppose, for example, that on the index for the
section east of the Mississippi, the line should
start downward. This would indicate that the
building public was experiencing a lack of con-
fidence or a realization of over production. Or. in
addition to these causes, the decline might be due
to a reduction in the earning power of the United
States.

"What is important is that long before the
building industry would realize that matters were
on the mend, and perhaps even before the actual
earnings would show a very apparent increase,
the upcurve of the architectural index would be
definitely rising owing to a return of confidence
upon the par tof the public or to a definite short-
age of buildings.

"The activities of the building industry are in
a large measure dependent on the financial health
of the country. The bankers have been of great
assistance to the industry, particularly during the
last fifteen years. Most of the large buildings in
New York City would never have been con-
structed had it not been for the courage of great
banking firms. What the industry needs today are
some financial pioneers. It may be. however, that
this aid will come from the Government."

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
ORGANIZES

Nineteen groups of the construction industry,
with more than 100,000 members, and representing
billions in capital, have formed an alliance "to co-
operate for the common good of the industry and
better to serve the nation," it is announced by the
American Institute of Architects.

Robert D. Kohn of New York, president of the
Institute, has been chosen general chairman of the

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The Architect and Engineer. November. 1931

113

DEPENDABILITY
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LINOLEUMS

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provisional organization, which will be known as
the Construction League, and the scope of which
embraces a vast army of workers, including the
Building Trades Department of the American
Federation of Labor.

The choice of Mr. Kohn, who will hold office
for two years, arose, it was explained, from a gen-
eral desire to place the construction industry under
professional leadership. The League will be in-
corporated in the District of Columbia, and will
maintain headquarters in Washington. The num-
ber of member associations will eventually be in-
creased to thirty-five.

Other officers have been named as follows:

First vice-chairman, Francis L. Stuart. New
York, president of the American Society of Civil
Engineers; second vice-chairman, A. P. Greens-
felder, St. Louis, president of the Associated Gen-
eral Contractors of America; treasurer, H. H.
Sherman, Boston, president of the Producers'
Council; general secretary, P. W. Donoghue.
Washington, D. C, national president of the Na-
tional Association of Master Plumbers of the
United States.

A joint secretariat will be composed of:

E. }. Harding, Washington, D. C, managing
director of the Associated General Contractors of
America; E. C. Kemper, Washington, D. C, ex-
ecutive secretary of the American Institute of
Architects; L. W. Wallace. Washington, D. C.
executive secretary of the American Engineering
Council.

Action was taken on the initiative of the Com-
mittee on Industrial Relations of the Institute with
the approval of the officers of the Associated Gen-
eral Contractors and the Producers' Council. The
Council is composed of sixty companies and as-
sociations of manufacturers in the field of building
materials and appliances with a combined capital
of $22,500,000,000.

"An effort is to be made to create a medium for
coordinated action within the building industry,"
said a statement by Mr. Kohn outlining the pur-
poses of the League. "Each member organization
will send representatives to periodic conferences,
at which reports aimed to improve the public ser-
vice of the industry will be submitted.

"Matters of great moment to the entire building
industry are under way. Some are being promoted
by the architects, others by the contractors, and
still others by a score or more important profes-
sional or trade organizations of the industry. Each
is being carried on with very little, if any, support
from the other groups.

"The consensus of opinion plainly is that the
industry as a whole is ready to follow the leader-
ship of the professional men, and that the various

114

The Architect and Engineer. November, 1931

contractor and trade organizations realize the need
of professional leadership. The attitude of the in-
dustry is a challenge to the profession of archi-
tecture.

"The League, it is believed, should do nationally
what has been done in many cities by local build-
ing congresses. Many constructive policies are be-
ing carried out, but need coordination. These in-
clude the apprenticeship work of the building con-
gresses, the movement for better quality in build-
ing materials fostered by the Producers' Council,
and the attempts by the Associated General Con-
tractors to bring about the pre-qualification of
bidders, and to relieve the unemployment emer-
gency.

"Reforms of importance to architects and engi-
neers are being promoted by the associations of
plasterers, sheet metal workers, marble quarrymen
and dealers, painters, and heating and piping con-
tractors. Another significant program is that of the
Electrical Guild of America embracing education,
old-age pensions for workers, and unemployment
insurance investigations.

"The plan of cooperation contemplated by the
Construction League is designed to achieve some-
thing more than merely to advance certain desira-
ble pieces of work being done by one or another
group. It is evident that in the process of working
together to help these enterprises every group will
get a better idea of what its place is in the economy
of the industry.

"Through this new relationship, the member
associations will be unconsciously making for a
clarification of function in the building industry
similar to that which developed locally in all of
those cities where building congresses have been
established.

"Little by little each group will find itself de-
pending on the others for criticism of methods and
aims and for support for those of its purposes
which meet with common approval. And to secure
such approval these purposes cannot be selfish.
They must be oriented towards eventual benefit
to the public at large."

Committees have been organized by the League,
and the following chairmen selected:

Membership, W. G. Luce, New York, repre-
senting the Associated General Contractors of
America; Plan, Merritt Harrison, Indianapolis,
president of the Indiana Building Congress: Em-
ployment, Roy V. Wright. New York, president
of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers:
Correlation, L. K. Comstock. New York, presi-
dent of the Electrical Guild of America; Research,
George I. Ray. Charlotte. N. C, president of the
National Association of Sheet Metal Contractors;
Merchandizing, A. W. Berresford, New York,

SOULE CASEMENTS

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The Architect and Engineer, November, 1931

115

Another Lindgren & Swinerton, Inc.

Contract Completed

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Lewis P. Hobart, Architect

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managing director of the National Electrical Man-
ufacturers Association; Public Relations, Horace
W. Peaslee, Washington, D. C, vice-president of
the American Institute of Architects.

A Policy Committee has also been formed, its
members representing architects, engineers, gen-
eral contractors, sub-contractors, producers, fabri-
cators, distributors, and labor.

The list of organizations represented in the new
combination follows:

American Engineering Council.

American Federation of Labor, Building De-
partment.

American Institute of Architects.

American Institute of Steel Construction.

Associated General Contractors of America.

Contracting Plasterers' International Associa-
tion.

Electrical Guild of America.

Heating and Piping Contractors National As-
sociation.

International Cut Stone Contractors' and Quar-
rymen's Association.

International Society of Master Painters and
Decorators.

National Association of Builders' Exchanges.

National Association of Building Trades Em-
ployers.

National Association of Marble Dealers.

National Association of Master Plumbers of the
United States.

National Association of Ornamental Iron and
Bronze Manufacturers.

National Association of Sheet Metal Contrac-
tors.

WESTINGHOUSE ANNOUNCEMENT

The Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing
Company have recently announced the appoint-
ment of three members of their executive per-
sonnel to take charge of the following depart-
ments:

R. R. Davis, for the past twenty-one years
Director of Advertising, has been appointed as
Manager of Apparatus Advertising at East Pitts-
burgh. Mr. Davis entered the Westinghouse
Company in 1905 and with his new appointment
has rounded out twenty-six years of interesting
and valuable service.

E. W. Loomis has been appointed as Middle
Atlantic District Manager of the Company, with
headquarters at Philadelphia. Mr. Loomis has
been identified with Westinghouse since 1914.

William F. James has become assistant to the
Commercial Vice-President of the Atlantic Divi-
sion. He was formerly Middle District Manager,
entering the employ of the Company in 1909.

116

The Architect and Engineer. November, 1931

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The complete Walworth line offers unequalled
opportunity for the designer and builder to stand-
ardize on one make of quality valves and fittings
for all piping needs.

WALWORTH CALIFORNIA COMPANY

235 Second Street, San Francisco, California
San Jose Fresno Sacramento Stockton Oakland

Pump Governors

Safety Pump Governors

Automatic Gas Regulat-
ing Valves

Gas Burners

Gas Burning Equipment

Vacuum Pump Governors

Vacuum Regulating
Valves

Continuous Flow Steam
Traps

Thermostats

Reducing Valves

Boiler Feed-Water
Regulators

Oil Heaters
Relief Valves
Oil-Burner Governors
Little Giant Improved

Oil Burners
Oil Pumping S«ts
Oil Valves
Oil Strainers
Steam Oil Strainers
Duplex Oil Pumps
Rotary Oil Pumps
Boiler Feed Pumps
Water Heaters
Oil Meters

VAUGHN -G. E. WITT CO., Engineers

C. W. VAUGHN, President and Manager

MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS

4224-28 Mollis St.

Kent-Costikyan

FOUNDED 1886

485 FIFTH AVENUE-SECOND FLOOR

Opposite Public Library

NEW YORK

Hand Woven Rugs in Stock and Made to Order

Orientals Chinese Spanish Aubusson Savonnerie European

Wide Seamless Plain Carpets

Miss Aimee A. Lozier, Resident Representative

Hotel Granada. San Francisco

816 So. Figueroa £

See Our Catalog

Los Angeles

in Sweets

HE NEW club rooms of the San Francisco Stock Exchange,
Miller and Pflueger, Architects, will be illustrated with some
remarkable photographs by Moulin taken especially for this
magazine, in the December issue. Carleton M. Winslow,
prominent Los Angeles architect, will give his impressions.

The Architect and Engineer, November, 1931

117

GOOD BUILDINGS

Some Recent Contracts Completed

ENGINEERING GROUP. U. C.

Berkeley

SOUTHERN PACIFIC HOSPITAL

San Franeisco

CALIFORNIA INK BUILDING

San Francisco

RETAIL CENTER GARAGE

Oakland

IMPERIAL REALTY BUILDING

MORRIS PLAN BANK

BARRETT & HILP

Building Construction

918 Harrison Street. San Francisco

Phone DOuglas 0700

Have You a Catalog

Kewanee

JyfeC

637 Minna St., San Francisco, Calif.
Telephone MA rket 3612-3613

G. H. BROWN

Hardwood Co.

1044-1058 Forty-Seventh Avenue

Oakland, California

Telephone FRuitvale 8305 - 8306

ADVERTISING THE

ARCHITECT

( From Building. Australia )

The other evening, the Institute
of Architects held a meeting to
see what they could do about get-
ting more publicity for the profes-
sion. We should like to offer a
suggestion.

Walking up George Street, we
are all at once arrested by our
nose which registers coffee — and
nice coffee — and on investigation
we find that we are passing a
well-known tea and coffee estab-
lishment, in the window of which
is a chef-like person engaged in
presiding over a machine that is
roasting coffee beans in rotary
containers over a flame. Result, an
interested crowd.

Traverse practically any street
at all ( for the present, at any
rate), and one may be initiated
into the secret mysteries of choco-
late making and dipping or the
sponge cakes. Now, surely this
scientific mixing, icing, etc.. of
presents an idea to the Institute.
Why not get a couple of good-
looking young draughtsmen, rent
a shop window — there are plenty
of both at present — fit them up
with drafting paraphenalia and
turn them loose?

It's not a bad idea, and we think
the public would fall for it hard.
The various local Societies should
try it out.

Golden Gate
Atlas Materials Company

BUILDING PRODUCTS

16th and Harrison Streets

SAN FRANCISCO

Phone HE mlock 7020

CHAS. STOCKHOLM
& SONS

Contractors

Russ Building, San Francisco
Phone DO uglas 4420

A HOME SHOULD BE EASY
TO OWN
Robert D. Kohn, President of
the American Institute of Archi-
tects, paid an official visit to all
the Pacific Coast Chapters last
month. In an interview Mr. Kohn
declared that the building of bet-
ter homes for small wage earners
is now the logical step for the
building industry and one that will
increase employment and hasten
the return of prosperity.

SASH CHAIN IN BAGS

Attached as illustrated they provide a simple secure fastening that will last
a lifetime. Plain Steel Coppered

Finishes: Sherardized Hot Galvanized

THE SMITH 6c EGGE MFG. CO.

BRIDGEPORT, CONN.

Page C3513 ol
Sweets Catalog

118

77ie Architect and Engineer, November, 1931

._ CAEN
!?: STONE

REFINED, ELEGANT,
INTERIOR FINISH

A. KNOWLES

CONTRACTING
PLASTERER

982 BRYANT STREET
Phone: UNderhill 4048

COEN COMPANY

OIL BURNERS

112 Market Street, San Francisco
Phone SUtter 2838

"The skyscraper," said Mr.
Kohn, "is out of date economic-
ally. Skyscrapers and large build-
ings in general have been over-
done, but decent housing has not
been overdone, and the potential
market for the sale of small and
better homes is enormous."

In support of his opinion Mr.
Kohn asserted that 90 per cent of
the people in this country earn
less than $5000 a year, and fully
60 per cent not more than $2000.

Most of these, he contends, have
never had a chance to live in any-
thing better than second-hana
homes. The price of new ones,
he said, has been prohibitive.

"But with the lowered costs of
material and labor today," he said,
"we should be able to bui'id homer,
for these people for from $5000 to
$6000. or at least one - third
cheaper than a few years ago.

"However, to do so the lead-
ing architects and builders must
cooperate along the lines Presi-
dent Hoover has advised in his
call for a better homes confer-
ence."

"A man's home must be made
as easy to own as his automobile.

Mr. Kohn heartily indorsed
President Hoover's proposed con-
ference on home construction and
ownership, which has been set for
December 2 to 5 in Washington.
D. C.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT
REQUIRED

Contractors who wish to bid on
construction work at the Univers-
ity of California, are now requir-
ed to file a financial statement be-
fore they can secure plans and
specifications. If such statements
are not filed, says Comptroller
Luther A. Nichols, contractors
may be seriously hampered when
they wish to submit bids. This
rule is similar to one adopted by
the State of California in connec-
tion with its construction work.

The rule has been established,
the Comptroller says, to eliminate

Tie fidelity and

(asualty (ompany

of New York

CASUALTY INSURANCE

and

SURETY BONDS

California Office
INSURANCE CENTER BUILDING
206 Sansome Street, San Francisco

Assets, $38,000,000 : Surplus, $11,000,000

For use in Homes, Apartments,
Commercial and Industrial Build-
ings. Listed as standard by Under-
writers Laboratories.

Made and Guaranteed by

S. T. Johnson Co.

940-950 Arlington St., Oakland, Calif.

Factory Branches:
San Francisco, Sacramento. Stockton,
San Carlos, Calif. J Philadelphia, Pa.

ALSO DISTRIBUTORS FUEL OILS

YOUNG
HORSTMEYER

BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION

461 Market Street

San Francisco

Phones SU tter 6257-58
Paul B. Young A. L. Horstmeyer

CHAS. R. McCDRMICK LUMBER CD.

LUMBER-TIMBER-PILES-SPARS
LATH-SHINGLES-FIR-TEX

GENERAL OFFICE

215 Market Street

Phone DOuglas 256 1

YARDS and TERMINAL

2000 Evans Avenue

Phone VAlencia 2700

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA

The Architect and Engineer , November, 1931

Phone DOuKlas 1120-1121

Larsen and Larsen

General Contractors

629 BRYANT STREET
SAN FRANCISCO

FORDERER
CORNICE WORKS

Copper Roofs

Galvanized Iron Work

Elevator Doors

269 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco
Phone HEmlock 4100

Robert W. Hunt Company

ENGINEERS
Inspections - Tests - Consultation

Inspection and Tests of Structural

Steel, Reinforcing Steel

and Cement.

Field Inspection and Supervision

of Construction of Steel and

Concrete Structures.

Cement, Concrete, Chemical. Met'

allurgical, and Physical

Laboratories.

Chicago - New York - Pittsburgh

AH Large Cities
San Francisco, 251 Kearny Street

FRANK W. BERGMAN

Fine Decorating
Murals

293 Corbett Ave.
San Fra n c i sco

Studio: UNdcrhill 9032

from bidding contractors who are
financially unable to carry forward
construction work for the Univer-
sity satisfactorily, and to relieve
them of the embarassment of hav-
ing bids rejected after submission.

AN ALL-TILE RESIDENCE

Leading the way for other pro-
ducers of building materials, the
Associated Tile Manufacturers.
Inc., have signed a contract for
construction of a residence built
inside and out of tile, to be shown
as part of the Housing Exhibit
of A Century of Progress Expo-
sition, Chicago's 1933 World's
Fair.

This is the first contract signed
for the construction of a building
in the housing group. It is be-
lieved that this will be the first
time in history that a residence
will be constructed completely of
tile.

The Associated Tile Manufac-
turers comprise eighteen leading
tile producing companies which
manufacture every type of tile,
from fine hand-made faience tile
to the ordinary commercial types.

William F. Landers of Indian-
apolis is president of the Associ-
ation. H. L. Gaardsmoe of New
York City is acting secretary and
H. B. Birtwistle is acting treas-
urer. Members of the Associa-
tion will supply the materials for
the house. Arthur D. Pickett, ar-
chitect, of New York, is drawing
the plans for the house.

According to present plans, the
Associated Tile Manufacturers
will erect a house which will fill
the most modern needs of a small
family. The building will prob-
ably comprise a large living room,
two small bed-rooms with private
baths for each; a kitchen and a
dining alcove. Tile will be used
in exteriors, interiors, for floors,
walls and ceilings. One of the
things which it is hoped to illus-
trate will be the correct use of
tile on the exterior and especially
on flat terraced roofs in a decora-

<j;dnc£X|>

Mo-lyb-den-um
' IRON

Central Alloy
Steel Corporation

HASSILLON, OHIO

BLACK GALVANIZED

and BLUE ANNEALED

SHEETS

Western Representative!:

ANDREW CARRIGAN CO.

Rialto Building. San Francisco

Complete

Kitchen Equipment

and

Dimimg Room Service

Kitchen Ranges Sinks

Dish Washers Silver

Coffee Urns Cutlery

Stands Hotel China

Steam Tables Hotel Glassware

Tile Contractors

Our Estimating Department Prepares
Plans and Specifications

Mangrum - Holbrook Company

Phone MA rket 2400
1235 Mission Street San Francisco

THE TORMEY
COMPANY

GENERAL PAINTERS
AND DECORATORS

Phone WAlnut 3639

563 FULTON STREET
San Francisco

HATELEY &
HATELEY

PLUMBING
AND HEATING
CONTRACTORS

1710 TENTH STREET

Phone MAin 2478

SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA

The Architect and Engineer. November. 1931

AD-A-ROOM BEDS

Convert a Hotel Guest

Room into a Comfortable

Sleeping Room

Marshall & Stearns Co.

Division of the Rome Company

Manufacturer!

San Francisco: Phelan Building

DO uglas 0348

Oakland: 411 Nineteenth Street
HO liday 56S6

CRAN E

High Class Plumbing
Fixtures

All Principal Coast Cities

LUXOR

WINDOW SHADES

Translucent Shading

of highest count

cambric

William Volker 8C Co.

631 Howard Street

San Francisco

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Recent Contracts Completed

Library Building

Berkeley
Women's Club Building

Berkeley
City Hospital

Palo Alto
Masonic Home

Decoto

K. E. PARKER CO., INC.

135 South Park San Francisco

Phone KE arny 6640

tive way which will enhance the
building's aerial view. The practi-
cal application and specific values
of various types of tile will be
demonstrated. An economical
method of construction will, it is
expected, be used, in which the
system of installation and erec-
tion will be worked out scientific-
ally.

Other groups of building mater-
ial producers and large individual
units in the industry are making
plans to erect buildings in the
Housing Group to demonstrate
the uses of their materials to the
millions of visitors to the 1933
World's Fair

The Housing Exhibit, which rs
expected to be one of the most
popular features in A Century of
Progress Exposition, will cover an
area of five acres on the Fair
grounds and contain: eight resi-
dences, an apartment building, an
exhibit hall, garages, and a model
fire station.

Each building, it is planned,
will be constructed of a different
material, to demonstrate its partic-
ular advantages. Various types of
housing — urban, suburban and
semi-rural — will be exemplified in
the show. The object of the ex-
hibit is to demonstrate how attrac-
tive living quarters can be pro-
vided at reasonable cost for people
in moderate circmustances.

Producers of construction ma-
terials and builders will be given
an opportunity through this Hous-
ing Exhibit to display the most
modern developments in materials
and methods of construction and
to reach audiences of millions of
users and prospective purchasers.
The materials will be furnished by
manufacturers, at their own ex-
pense.

In the construction of the build-
ings, two courses will be open.
The Works Department of A
Century of Progress may draw up
plans for the building and erect
it at the Exposition's expense,
charging the producer of the ma-

APEX

Blo-Air Fan Heaters

Portable and Wall Types

1320 watts to 4000 watts
Thermostat Control if Desired

There is a complete line of Apex Air
and Water Heaters.

APEX Manufacturing Company

Oakland, California

Distributors

SANDOVAL SALES CO.

557 Market St., San Francisco

APEX SALES CO.

1855 Industrial St., Lob Angeles

Office
Partitions

Reinhold sectional wood and
glass partitions (interchange
able) may be adapted to any
modern office requirement in a
new or old building.

Complete Information File
sent on request

Pacific Manufacturing
Company

High Class Interior Finish
Quality Millwork

Monadnock Bide.,
San Francisco
GArfield 7755

641 Merrill Are.,
Los Angeles
AX ridge 9011

1315 Seventh Street, Oakla
GL encourt 7859

The Architect and Engineer, November, 1931

J^CTRIC HEa^

Built-in heater for bath rooms,

breakfast nooks, dens and small

. bedrooms.

WEIR ELECTRIC APPLIANCE CQ

26th and Adeline Streets, Oakland

ASSOCIATE WHOLESALE ELEC. CO.
1159 S. Los Angeles St., Los Angeles

LANNOM BROTHERS
MFG. CO., INC.

ARCHITECTURAL
WOODWORK

BANK, STORE and OFFICE
FIXTURES

FIFTH AND MAGNOLIA STREETS
Oakland, California

W.3J.SLOANE

RUGS : CARPETS

LINOLEUMS

FURNITURE

DRAPERIES
WINDOW SHADES
Estimates Gladly Submitted

216-228 SUTTER STREET
SAN FRANCISCO

Established 1843

Phone: GA rfield 2827

MacDonald & Kahn

General
Contractors

Financial Center Bldg.
405 Montgomery St.

San Francisco

terials a rental for the grounds
space. Or the company providing
the materials may engage its own
architect and erect the building at
its own expense, with the approval
of A Century of Progress. In the
latter case, no rental charge for
ground space will be made.

This Housing Exhibit, it is
pointed out. may be the means of
showing the public the way to-
ward more economical housing
units, at the same time providing
a maximum of comfort, beauty,
health, sanitation and recreation.

WITH THE ARCHITECTS

IN THE NORTHWEST
(Pacific Builder and Engineer)

Fred G. Rounds, associated
with Silas E. Nelsen in Tacoma.
had an enjoyable week in mid-
September when he attended the
Northwest Building Industry Con-
ference in Spokane and visited the
State College of Washington,
where he was formerly an instruc-
tor in the department of architec-
tural engineering.

C. Ferris White. Everett archi-
tect, is making plans for an ad-
dition to the Snohomish County
Hospital at Monroe.

W. H. Downing has moved his
office from the Abington Building
to 1043 Chamber of Commerce
Building, Portland.

Harold C. Perry, Seattle archi-
tect, has opened a studio at his
home, 1514 11th Avenue West,
where he is designing residences
and doing other architectural
work.

Ralph Bishop, draftsman for
Earl Dugan, Tacoma. took two
first prizes and one second in the
architectural sketch competition at
the Western Washington Fair.
Puyallup. Edward Young, drafts-
man for Roland E. Borhek, took
the third first prize.

JAMES
A. NELSON, INC.

Heating and Ventilating
Power Plant*

DEHYDRATION PLANTS

HOWARD AND TENTH STREETS

SAN FRANCISCO

Phone: HEmlock 0140

W. H. PICARD, Inc.

PLUMBING, HEATING,

VENTILATING and

POWER PLANTS

5656 College Avenue

5662 Keith Avenue

Oakland California

Phones PI edmont 9004-9005

Unit Ventilators

Used for heating and
ventilating offices,
schoolrooms, etc. Con-
sists of motor driven
fans which force out-
door air over steam
radiators into the
room. Provision is
made for filtering and
controlling temperature of discharged air.
Advantages — i ndependent operation for
every room — elimination of ducts and fan
room — high efficiency. Casings are about
the size of an ordinary radiator and are
finished like a piece of fine furniture.

The B. F. Sturtevant Company
San Francisco, California
1772-B

P. J. RILEY

and

JOHN GRACE

General Contractors

511 Claus Spreckels Building

San Francisco, California

Phone DO uglas 4109

Q U

The Architect and Engineer, November. 1931

Ocean Shore
Iron Works

550-558 EIGHTH STREET

MArket 0462 0463

San Francisco California

STEAM BOILERS
STEEL TANKS
SMOKE STACKS

• WATER •

• HEATERS •

Architects, We Specialize in

Sound Control

and

Insulation Materials

E. K. Wood Lumber Co.

Lumber and Millwork
San Francisco - Oakland - Los Angeles

CLERVI

MARBLE CO.

MANUFACTURING CONTRACTORS

Foreign and Domestic

Marbles

Interior & Exterior Buildings

Office 8C Mill, 1721 San Bruno Ave.

Phone MI siion 6625
SAN FRANCISCO. CAL.

Harold C. Whitehouse of
Whitehouse and Price, Spokane,
recently returned from Denver,
where he was delegate to the
meeting of the Protestant Episco-
pal churches. Mr. Whitehouse has
nothing but admiration for that
city and for the enterprise and en-
thusiasm of its architects and
builders.

Harlan Thomas, who heads the
firm of Thomas, Grainger and
Thomas. Seattle, and who is sen-
ior faculty member in the depart-
ment of architecture at the Uni-
versity of Washington, has re-
turned from a three months' tour
of Europe.

A. H. Albertson, architect of
Seattle, has been commissioned to
prepare plans for the new Law
School building to be erected on
the campus of the University ot
Washington. The new structure
is estimated to cast $400,000.

Harold H. Ginnold is now es-
tablished as the occupant of the
architectural office at 4141 Arcade
Building, formerly headquarters
for Howard H. Riley.

Benefits to be obtained by Ta-
coma from its planning commis-
sion were detailed by Ernest Mock
at a meeting of the Tacoma Real
Estate Board September 28.

C. A. Costello has opened an
office for the designing of resi-
dences at 1103 East 71st Street,
Seattle.

Dedication of St. Edwards'
Seminary, recently built at Ingle-
wopd on Lake Washington, near
Seattle, was an impressive event
October 13. Denis Cardinal
Dougherty, archbishop of Phila-
delphia, made a special trip across
the continent to officiate at the
ceremony. The seminary was de-
signed by John Graham, Seattle.

. ......

OfeTINK

%;-^ |\\\\\\\\^\\\\\J^'i. i it)

SCHINDLER (a

illWI 228 13th Street-

Phone A\Ark<?t 0474
;M ■ CABINET WORK

COMPLETE INSTALLATIONS =
STORE BANK S-OFflcC

FIXTURES J «

Neal Townley Childs
Landscape Architect

MENLO PARK,

CALIFORNIA

Phone SUttar 1414

Hunter & Hudson

Consulting Engineers

DESIGNERS OF HEATING

VENTILATING AND WIRING

SYSTEMS, MECHANICAL

AND ELECTRICAL EQUIP-

MENT OF BUILDINGS

41 SUTTER STREET

ROOM 718

San Francisco California

Rapidity, Economy
and Efficiency

STEELFOPvMS

FOR

Concrete Construction

STEELFORM
CONTRACTING CO.

San Francisco Los Angeles
Portland Seattle

The Architect and Engineer. November, 1931

REDWOOD BLOCK FLOORS

are Smooth, Resilient, Dustless
and Durable

Recent Installations:

PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC CO.

GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER CO.

HALL-SCOTT MOTOR CAR CO.

KEY SYSTEM TRANSIT CO.

CALIFORNIA SAW WORKS

SOUTHERN PACIFIC CO.

Our Engineering Department is
at your service for consultation
without obligation to you.

Redwood Block Floor Company

BRYANT AT EIGHTEENTH STREET
San Francisco. Calif.
Phone HE mlock 0892

enestra

STEEL
WINDOWS

For Every Type of Building

DETROIT STEEL PRODUCTS
COMPANY

Pacific Coast Factory: Oakland

Branches

San Francisco Los Angeles Seattle

MacGruer&Co.

Contracting
Plasterers

Plain and Ornamental

266 Tehama Street, San Francisco
Pacific Mutual Building, Los Angeles

O. Honson

H. E. Rahlmann

MONSON BROS.

BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION

475 SIXTH STREET
San Francisco

Telephone KEtm; 0638

E. C. Rising, Seattle architect
active in designing rustic and rec-
reational buildings, has moved to
3326 White Building.

Lance E. Gowen, secretary of
the Washington Chapter. A. I. A.,
has resumed his teaching activity
in the department of architecture,
University of Washington, Se-
attle.

* * *

Paul Thiry, Seattle architect.
with studio in the Skinner Build-
ing, has made frequent trips to
Shelton. Washington, the past two
months in supervising the con-
struction of St. Edwards' Church.

John I. Mattson, Seattle archi-
tect who maintains a part-time of-
fice in the Skinner Building, has
resumed his regular occupation of
teaching architectural drawing at
the Grover Cleveland High
School, Seattle.

Alvin I. Erickson, architectural
designer of Wenatchee, is study-
ing hard these days preparatory
to taking the examinations for a
state architect's license. He has
just completed a highly creditable
assignment on the junior high
school addition at East Wenat-
chee.

Southeastern Alaska is receiv-
ing the benefit of artistic touches
from two Seattle architects. C.
Frank Mahon is making his influ-
ence felt in Skagway with the
erection of the Pius X Mission
School. William G. Brust is aid-
ing the spiritual life in the design

of a Lutheran church for Peters-

1 * * *

burg.

ALL-GLASS BUILDINGS
The "all-glass" building, with
colored combinations and glass of
one-way vision, is a development
of the very near future, accord-
ing to W. D. Clark of San Fran-
cisco.

There will be no paint used in
obtaining the colored effects, ac-
cording to Mr. Clark, who also

points out that an investigation
reveals that many buildings of
such type are already contem-
plated. They will be as high as
the modern sky-scraper and will
have corrugated wire glass roofs,
he says.

From the insurance standpoint
it will mean that plate glass in-
surance will become a major class,
rivaling fire and casualty insur-
ance in volume. At the present
time there is about $80,000,000 of
plate glass insured in the United
States.

"According to architects and
engineers," Clark says, "the age
of glass structure is upon us. and
if all predictions are fulfilled,
there will be a tremendous new
field opened to builders.

"Walls and ceilings of glass, it
is said, will be features of new
structures, the sheets of glass be-
ing laminated for strength and set
in steel frames. Color combina-
tions, which will be permanent
and require no paint, will be ar-
ranged to suit the public taste.

"Exterior wall glass is to be so
fabricated that it will permit one
way vision only to insure privacy
and thwart the curiosity of inter-
ested passers-by, while roofs are
to be corrugated wire glass."

Some architects who were
allotted small post office buildings
by the Federal Government
thought they were lucky at first.
They are not so enthusiastic now.
A half dozen trips or more to
Washington are eating up all the
profits.

DWAN & CO,

532-534 SDCTH STREET
SAN FRANCISCO

■8

Building

Construction

Products

124

The Architect and Engineer, November, 1911

NATIONAL MILL AND

LUMBER CO.

PACIFIC TANK AND

PIPE COMPANY

Now Operated by

SUNSET
LUMBER COMPANY

MILL WORK
PINE AND REDWOOD LUMBER

TANKS AND PIPES
PACIFIC FIVE-PLY WALLBOARD

400 High Street, Oakland
Phone AN dover 1000

chitects and all who build have
learned to expect from Quandt craftsmen:

"Co-operation for Quality"

Materials applied efficiently and expeditiously
by brush or spray application to at hi.
best result at the minimum cost to the

A. Quandt & Sons 1

Painters and Decorators

Since 1885

374 Guerrero Street, San Francisco
Telephone MArket 1711

Qaandt-quality is available for the small job
as well as the large. Pioneers and Special-
ists in the application of Lacquer in the
architectural field. Complete decorative
color schemes designed and furnished.
Advice for technical painting requirements
furnished. Our operations are state-wide.

Phone DOuglas 2370

R. McLERAN
8C CO.

GENERAL
CONTRACTORS

HEARST BUILDING
San Francisco, Calif.

"American - Marsh '
PUMPS

Water Supply
Systems

Vacuum Beating
Pumps

SIM0NDSMACHINERYC0.

816 Folsom Street 520 East 4th Street

San Francisco Los Angeles

Phone DO uglas 6794 Phone Ml taal 832

THUMB TACKS AND
T-SQUARE

[Concluded from Page 13]

your lot happens to be cast in the
machine-age ... In architecture
the job should find the man and
not the man the job. In art the
job and the man are mates; neither
can be bought or sold to the other.
"Respect the masterpiece — it is
true reverence to Man. There is
no quality so great, none so much
needed now."

SPEAKING of the value
of unification of the architectural
profession to the State Associa-
tion, John J. Donovan of Oakland,
said: "I'll admit this is aiming
high; but the target should have
been raised long ago so that we
of our time would now be enjoy-
ing the fruits of collectivity." In
the light of progress every archi-
tect today may well repeat Mr.
Donovan's assertion. However,
unification could hardly have been
viewed ten, or even five years ago,
as it is today. Leaders of the
architectural profession were not
then prepared to accept such a
broad view of the possibilities ot
organization as they now enter-
tain. Moreover, there was not
then results of actual experience
upon which to predicate a similar
movement, such as exist at the
present time.

When one looks back over the
post-war period he cannot but
view with amazement the progress
which has been made by the arch-
itectural profession from every
standpoint. Emerging from the
gloom cast over it by failure to
gain recognition in the country's
activities in connection with the
war, and an apparent lack of ap-
preciation of the importance of the
profession by the public, the task
ahead was disheartening to even
the most optimistic leaders. In
those hectic days the possibility
of survival, even, was the subject
of debate. But the profession has
not only survived; it has risen to
a place in the activities of the na-
tion of which every architect may
be proud. No professional group
is assured today of greater perm-
anency than are those engaged in
the practice of architecture, says
Southwest Builder and Contractor.
Continuing that paper says:

"We are unable to agree with
those who now and then lapse
into a pessimistic view of the

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future of the architectural profes-
sion. It is true that the path ot
the average architect may not be
strewn with roses. There are diffi-
culties, and serious ones, which
confront him at every hand. But
these difficulties are not more
alarming or more disheartening
than those which confront men
engaged in other professions.
Many of them are peculiar to the
architectural profession and have
no parallel, perhaps, but they will
all be overcome in time with due
effort and patience.

"Unification of the architectural
groups and coordination of effort,
which is now about to be realized,
point the way to better days for
the architects of the country.
There is common ground upon
which the idealistic and the prac-
tical may be joined in the common
weal. Many years have been re-
quired to break down the barriers
to the approach of such a Utop-
ian field but the next few years
hold promise of a happy realiza-
tion of this truly alluring prospect.
An abiding faith, hard work and
perhaps a little personal sacrifice,
will consummate the unification
program of the architectural pro-
fession."

The Architect and Engineer. November. 1931

125

The latest and

BEST ideas in hot

water science are

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PITTSBURG

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hot water service.

PITTSBURG

WATER
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STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP. MAN-
AGEMENT. CIRCULATION. ETC.. RE-
QUIRED BY THE ACT OF CONGRESS
OF AUGUST 24, 1912.

Of the Architect and Engineer, published
monthly at San Francisco, Calif., for April
1, 1931.

3 JSS.

Before me, a notary public in and for the
state and county aforesaid, personally ap-
peared W. J. L. Kierultr, who, having been
duly sworn according to law, deposes and says
that he is the Business Manager of The Archi-
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to the best of his knowledge and belief, a true
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24, 1912, embodied in section 443, Postal Laws
and Regulations, printed on the reverse of this
for

to-wit:

1. That the names and addresses of the pub-
lisher, editor, managing editor, and business
managers are:

Publisher, The Architect and Engineer, Inc.,
1662 Russ Bldg.. San Francisco, Calif.

Managing Editor — None.

Business Manager, W. J. L. Kierulff, 1662
Russ Bldg., San Francisco, Calif.

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and FIRE ENGINES

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Building Construction

VEZEY BUILDING

3220 Sacramento Street, Berkeley
Phone OLympie 6901

BINWIBBIE

CONSTRUCTION
COMPANY

Builders of the Russ Build-
ing and Hartford Insurance
Building, San Francisco; Life
Science Building, University
of California, Berkeley; Cen-
tral Bank Building, Oakland;
Glidden Factory, Berkeley.

CROCKER BUILDING
SAN FRANCISCO

F. W. Jones, 1662 Russ Bldg., San Fran-
cisco, Calif.

L. B. Penhorwood, 1662 Russ Bldg., San
Francisco, Calif.

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under which stockholders and security holders
who do not appear upon the books of the com-
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his isth

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OF CONSTRUCTION

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The Architect and Engineer. November. 1931

THE

Architect

AND

ENGINEER

DECEMBER i93i

WHO

THINKS ABOUT

ELEVATORS?

Miraculous developments in recent years in elevator con-
struction by Otis Elevator Company have brought the elevator
to the attention of many people. Today, good elevator service
is one of the foremost considerations in the eyes of the pros-
pective tenant. He appreciates well-appointed elevator cars and
entrances, elevators that are free from jolts and jars, and he
doesn't like to wait long for the elevator and wants to reach
his destination quickly. The building owner or manager who
can give him good elevator service has a distinct advantage
when it comes to renting floor space.

It is because of these recent engineering feats by Otis that
the architect confidently specifies Otis in his plans for a new
building or a modernization project. He feels sure that an Otis
installation will not only meet with the approval of the building
owner, but of the public as well.

OTIS

ELEVATOR COMPANY

«*3Q OmetSTHMUCM-
WW9 OUT THE WORLD

WE wish every reputable
architect might emulate the exam-
ple set by George W. Kelham of
San Francisco, requiring general
contractors to file with their bids.
a list of sub-contractors and the
amounts of their proposals. That
such a procedure, if made gen-
eral, would greatly improve con-
ditions in the building industry,
there is no denying. For one thing
it would do way with "peddling."
a practice that has ruined more
than one sub-contractor and has
not added any laurels to the repu-
tation of the general contractor.

Once a sub-contractor submits
his bid it should be final. We have
in mind one San Francisco con-
cern that seldom tenders its bid
to certain general contractors
with the expectation of securing
the job. "They use our bid to ped-
dle to their friends and if the
latter want the job they simply
underbid our figure." said the
manager of the concern. "And
that is why we don't give a gen-
eral contractor our low down fig-
ure any more unless we know he's
on the level or we are reasonably
sure the architect won't stand for
any monkey business. If we are
in doubt and the contractor in-
sists on having our bid. we run it
up so high that the other fellows
refuse to shoot at it."

A recent example of compelling
a general contractor to file his list
of sub-bidders was the University
of California gymnasium. In this
case the low bidders, an Oakland
firm, neglected to comply with the
requirements, which were that a
complete list of the sub-bidders
and the amounts be filed with the
general bid. The oversight cost the
Oakland firm the job though their
bid was S3000 under the next low
bidder, a San Francisco company.

If this thing can be done on
public work, why cannot it be
accomplished on private jobs?

AMERICAN cities have
been outstripped in housing by
those of Europe since the World
War, according to Louis La
Beaume of St. Louis, chairman of
the Committee on Public Works
of the American Institute of Ar-
chitects.

"That our American cities need
making over almost from stem to
stern is undeniable, and that arch-
itects are competent to do the
making is undeniable also." Mr.
LaBaume declares. "There is
scarcely a Chapter in the Institute
which, if it set its composite mind
to the task, could not develop the
most Utopian, and ultimately
practical, plans for the architec-
tural regeneration of our cities."

After referring to our failure to
achieve prominence in great hous-
ing projects such as Germany.
Austria. Holland and Belgium
have accomplished. Mr. La
Beaume asks:

"What can be done at the mo-
ment to make America a happier
place for architects, no less than
for all the elements of the building
industry, and for our citizenship
at large?

"On every hand we hear the
statement that the country is over-
built. No more factories, no more
office buildings, no more apart-
ment houses are needed, or will
be needed in the near future.

"If this is so. it would seem
that any revival of the building
industry, entailing the necessary
services of the architectural pro-
fession, must come from a pro-
gram of building of a non-revenue
producing nature. Under this
heading we naturally think of all
sorts of institutional buildings —
colleges, schools, hospitals, sani-
tariums, municipal, state and Fed-
eral structures.

"The present Federal building
program is insignificant in vol-
ume, and the present state of the
Federal Treasury might seem to
discourage further large expendi-
tures, but many sound economists
hold that great public building
programs by the Federal, state,
and municipal governments, as
well as increased institutional pro-
grams, will more than repay for
themselves in the relief of unem-
ployment and the stimulation of
business activity.

"The profounder question as to
what may be done to avert the
recurrence of the debacle which
is distressing us. still remains to
be answered. It is not primarily

an architectural question, although
architects who have lent them-
selves to unsound schemes of
financing, who have been seduced
by the national mania for bigness,
who have sold themselves as mer-
cenaries to unscrupulous or un-
wise promoters, have their share
of blame to answer for in the
present depression.

"We hear much today of a
closer coordination between all of
the elements in the building in-
dustry— realtors, bankers, contrac-
tors, etc. Surely architects must
work in close cooperation with
these elements, but they should
never lose sight of the fact that
their main function is that of
architect. If architects are to sur-
vive, they must hold this function
pure.

"An architect is a man who.
above all others, is equipped by
training to plan and design build-
ings for the use and enjoyment of
his fellow man. He must remain
an artist and cannot become a
promoter, a realtor, or a financier
without tarnishing the only quali-
ties which he uniquely possesses
as separating him from other men.

"Need architects despair? I
think not. The dreams they have
been dreaming will all gradually
come true, if they are dreams
worth the realization."

THE long campaign for
modernization of older office build-
ings in the larger cities is meeting
with pronounced success in San
Francisco and elsewhere. The
movement was launched over two
years ago as an offset to the
slump in new construction and an
aid to employment. It was then
estimated that there was a poten-
tial $4,000,000,000 market in com-
mercial structures alone.

Many architectural firms, aban-
doning the old professional preju-
dice against promotion of new
business, have set up "moderni-
zation departments." But for a
long time their efforts by direct
mail and personal canvass to in-
duce owners of old buildings to
put them in shape to pull larger
[Please turn to Page 108]

The Architect and Engineer. December. 1931

Portion of Main Lounge

San Francisco Stock Exchange Club

Furnished by II'. " J. Shane

INTERIOR FURNISHINGS

For the San Francisco Stock Exchange Club

Comprising All of the
Furniture of Original Design
Floor-Coverings Especially Woven
Hand-Loomed Drapery Fabrics
Designed and Executed in Collaboration with the
Architects, Miller & Pflueger

W. & J. SLOANE

216 - 228 Sutter Street, San Francisco
Also New York, Los Angeles, Washington

The Architect and Engineer, December, 1931

VOLUME 107
NUMBER 3

THE

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER

DECEMBER
1931

FREDERICK W. JONES, Editor
EDGAR N. KIERULFF, Ass't. Editor

Contributing Editors

CLARENCE R. WARD, San Francisco

CARLETON MONROE WINSLOW,
Los Angeles

HAROLD W. DOTY, Portland, Ore.

CHAS. H. ALDEN, Seattle, Wash.

Contents

COVER -Bas Relief in Marble, Stock Exchange Lunch Cluh. San Francisco
Carved by Clifford Wight

FRONTISPIECE— Fresco in Stock Exchange Lunch Club
Painted by Diego Rivera

TEXT

Stock Exchange Lunch Club, San Francisco 1"

Carleton Monroe Winslow, A. I. A.

El Paseo de Los Angeles 33

Natt Viper. Archil,; t

Ethics and Free Sketches 37

Factors Influencing Decision in a Building Project 51

F. T. Burt

Hcrtl We May Know? 55

Julian C. Mesh

The Number Two in Architecture 59

William Lee Woollett.A. I. A.
ages on Discharge 63

Architect's Right

Clinton H. Blake

Gas-Fired Steam Plant at University of California ... 66

B. F. Raber

Value of Good Engineering Inspection Service 69

Watson Vredenbwgh __ ■

Structural Engineers View Models of San Francisco Bay Bridge 71

The Architect's Viewpoint 74

Harold W. Doty. A. I. A.

With the Architects 76

Double Deck Elevators Pave Way for Higher Buildings 78

PLATES AND ILLUSTRATIONS

San Francisco Stock Exchange Lunch Cluh

Milli r ,iiul Pflueger, Architects

Entrance Hall and Staircase 18 Detail of Mantel 23

Dining Room . 19 Detail of Fireplace 25

Entrance Hall 20 Fresco .„ .. .. 27

Reading Room ... 20 Corner of Dining Room 29

Card Room 21

Sketch of First Brick House in Los Angeles 32

Natt Piper, Architect

Sketch, The Avilla House i+

Natt Piper, Architect

Sketch, "Dos Puestos," Olvera Street. Los Angeles ■••■ 35

Natt Piper, Architect

Sketch, Indian Curio Shop, Los Angeles 36

Natt Piper, Architect

Portfolio of Sketches 39 to 49

Mural by Frank W. Bergman— Charl, $ E. Peterson... ?0

Model of Residence of Mrs. Osborn White 55

Erie J. Osborne. Architect

Model of Corpus Christi Church. Oakland ^

William Ednaid Schtrmer, Architect

Models of Ranch House, Hea'.dsburg 57

Erie J. Osborne, Architect

Models of House and Church ■-. S8

William Edward Schtrmer. Architect
Heating Plant, University of California. Berkeley

George W. Kelham. Architect

. 66, 67

Published monthly by THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER, INC.
1662 Russ Building, San Francisco, California

W. J. L. KIERULFF. President and Manager FRED'K. W. JONES, Vice-President L. B. PENHORWOOD, Secretary

WILLIAM W. BRADFORD, Advertising Manager

Subscriotions-Vmted States, $4.00 a year; single copy, $ .60. Canada, $5.00 a year. All other foreign countries, $6.00 a year

Fresco liy Diego Rivera

ALLEGORY. STOCK EXCHANGE LUNCH CLUB. SAN FRANCISCO
J. R. MILLER AND TIMOTHY L. PFLUEGER. ARCHITECTS

Detail of Rivera (resco. The large figure represents California. Her right hand disembowels the earth for its hidden treasure while
the left hand holds the treasures that grow on its surface. There are portraits of Marshall, discoverer of gold, and Luther Burbank.
Other figures represent the engineer, merchant, farmer, all panning for gold. Youth and its dreams are represented by a serious
minded boy in cords with the infant industry — the aeroplane. The oil industry and shipping are shown above. The large ceiling
figure running diagonally (to recall the diagonal line created by rail of stairs) depicts electrical achievement. This is flanked by
representatives of >un and billowy clouds.

THE

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER

DECEMBER 1931
VOLUME 107
NUMBER THREE

THE STOCK EXCHANGE LUNCH CLUB,
SAN FRANCISCO

by CARLETON MONROE WINSLOW, A. I. A.

E-

VERY now and then comes a sur-
prise mixed with keen delight to him who
watches the development (or is it evolu-
tion?) of the art of these times. The greater
part of Art Moderne with which our streets
and galleries are cluttered, leaves one cold
or bored or depressed, but once in a while
something shines forth and comforts the
soul.

This delight of the soul is the sensation
which one gets upon entering the rooms of
the Stock Exchange Lunch Club at San
Francisco, housed in two upper floors of
the building of that name. The Club is
situated high above the noise of the street
and is devised as a haven for the city's
business leaders including members of the
busy mart below them. In it, after the rush
of the daily session is over, the traders con-
gregate for noontime refreshment, the ex-
change of experiences and other gossip of
the trade.

The background for these amenities is a
place of peculiar beauty, modern in every
characteristic, yet impressively satisfying
to the aesthetic sense of those who respect
the past. After all, beauty is a very definite
thing, though the defense of its inheritency

in a specific object is not always easy to
establish in convincing words. Concerning
analysis of the inherent charm of this Club,
one can say that the materials used have
been employed logically and with surpris-
ing skill. The heavy construction of the
building is not disguised but is treated at
walls and ceiling with facings of California
travertine in entrance and halls and with
metal and calf-skin blocks in the lounge.

The stairway is simple, massive and ef-
fective and gorgeously emphasized by
Diego Riveras striking allegory. This
painting in itself is worthy of a visit to
the Stock Exchange Club. It is huge in
scale and naturally cannot be seen as a
whole owing to the limited size of the stair-
well. Anent this one hears the same old
criticism, "If it were only placed so that it
could be viewed from a distance."

Why is this necessary? The painting
as it stands would lose its effectiveness and
dramatic action if this were done. If the
details were reduced in scale and size to
meet this commonplace criticism, the paint-
ing would become negligible in value and
a tapestry would better suit the place. The
artist is to be congratulated for his courage
in doing a daring and noble thing and any-
way the finished technique satisfies close
scrutiny.

Metal works form an important element
in the general scheme. Copper, bronze,
monel metal, silver and brass are used skill-
fully and metalically and the results are
soft and attractive and not hard and un-
compromising as in so much of modern
work.

The subjects of the decorations in metal

Exchange Club should give much pleasure
and satisfaction to those having the privi-
lege of its portals.

Besides the fresco by Diego Rivera,
famous Mexican artist, who was brought
here purposely to do this work (his first in
this country) the club rooms are rich in

STAIR HALL FROM LOUNGE, STOCK EXCHANGE LUNCH CLUB, SAN FRANCISCO
J. R. Miller and Timothy L. Pflueger. Architects

Buttress flower containers are

and carved stone are whimsical and full of
meaning, best studied by viewing the pho-
tographs accompanying this article, or bet-
ter still, the Club itself.

The overmantle in the dining room is
especially interesting, a new arrangement
of the Zodiac rivaled possibly by the sim-
plicity of that over the fireplace in the
lounge.

Altogether the fine handling of the Stock

fine bits of sculpture and painting executed
by California artists as an integral part of
the design.

Carved panels of California travertine in
the lobby and stair hall have been assigned
to various artists. Ruth Cravath did three:
"Bar Maid," "Workdays End" and
"Lady Kneading Dough." Adeline Kent's
panels show a "Saxophone Player" and
"Ballet Dancer"; Robert Howard's repre-

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

sent "Hunting," "Fishing" and "Golf";
Clifford Wight, "Swimming" and "Foot-
ball"; Stackpole's panels are on the walls
flanking the fresco and represent "Indoors"
and "Out", the former by a pair resting
and enjoying the radio; the latter, a cow-
boy typifying the great open spaces of the
West. All of the artists, including the

genuously arranged so they grade from the
restful hunter sitting in a boat waiting for
the birds to fly over, to the vigorous
hunter in the high Sierras in search of bear.
The mantel in the lounge is carved in
Jeanne Dare stone by Stackpole, the cen-
tral figure an archer, flanked by incised fig-
ures of animals suggesting mans moods.

DINING ROOM, STOCK EXCHANGE LUNCH CLUB, SAN FRANCISCO
J. R. Miller and Timothy L. Pflueger, Architects

Walls are avodire veneer with base of Hungarian ash. Window t
Carpet is green. Drapes greenish gray with figures in tan. Cha

women, carved their work in the stone.

The four painted panels in the dining
room which are done on wood are the work
of Robert Boardman Howard. They rep-
resent in a humorous vein the gathering and
consumption of food in "America", "Eu-
rope", "Islam" and "China".

In the grille room, Otis Oldfield has done
four panels on glass, depicting hunters of
"Ducks", "Quail", "Deer" and "Bear", in-

•af with a tinge of
natural pigskin.

Cartoons for the over-mantel panel in the
dining room and the elevator door panels
were done by Michael Goodman. The
mantel panel was modelled by Olof Malm-
quist. The elevator door panels in applique
metals were executed by Harry Dixon.
Wrought iron andirons in the grille room
were executed by Conway Davies. Ray-
mond Puccenilli did various wood carvings.
Furniture, floor coverings and draperies
were supplied by W. & J. Sloane. — F. W. J.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

Detail, looking from stair halt
into lounge. Walls are Cali-
fornia travertine, ceiling gold
h af. Large opening frame,
boxes and seat are
bronze. Rail is chromium plate
and bronze, light and open with
figures representing men dressed
jar business, golf and formal
evenings.

Walls are in calfskin parch-
ment in natural color. Ceiling
is in pale gold leaf. Carpet is
golden brown. Drapes are
cream yellow. Furniture is cov-
ered in material of warm tan
tones going almost to red in a
few pieces. Green is used for
at fireplace.

LOOKING TOWARD LOUNGE. STOCK EXCHANGE LUNCH CLUB,
J. R. Miller and Timothy L. Pflueger, Architects

LOUNGE, STOCK EXCHANGE LUNCH CLUB, SAN FRANCISCO
I. R. Miller and Timothy L. Pflueger, Architects

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

GRILLE ROOM, STOCK EXCHANGE LUNCH CLUB. SAN FRANCISCO
J. R. Miller and Timothy L. Pflueger, Architects

This is the only room in which,
rcminiscently, an old world
suggestion has been followed.

Wainscot and ceiling are oak,
plaster icalls and slate floor.
The painted windows are by
Otis Oldficld.

Walls and ceilings are oak

with strips oj light birch. Oak

is stained dark at bottom and
lighter at top.

CARD ROOM, STOCK EXCHANGE LUNCH CLUB, SAN FRANCISCO
J. R. Miller and Timothy L. Pflueger, Architects

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

TENTH F^LODR PLAN

ELEVENTH FLODR PLAN
scale »Tnf f i ? i -t

PLANS. STOCK EXCHANGE LUNCH CLUB. SAN FRANCISCO
J. R. MILLER AND TIMOTHY L. PFLUEGER. ARCHITECTS

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

DETAIL OF FIREPLACE IN LOUNGE, STOCK EXCHANGE LUNCH CLUB
J. R. MILLER AND TIMOTHY L. PFLUEGER, ARCHITECTS

The base is of laminated sections of California travertine in rich golden brown shades, having clear markings of petrified wood and the
transparency of onyx. The pieces occur in the large boulders from which the lighter marble in lobby was hewn. The upper part ot mantel
is Jeanne Dare stone. The trim is bronze with lining cast iron. Sculpture by Ralph Stackpole.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

DETAIL OF FIREPLACE IN DINING ROOM, STOCK EXCHANGE LUNCH CLUB
J. R. MILLER AND TIMOTHY L. PFLUEGER, ARCHITECTS

The panel is bronze with figures of gun:metal. Lower part of mantel is Belgian blue marble while the upper part is St. Genevive
golden vein. Opening frame is bronze with cast iron lining.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

UPPER FLOOR, STOCK EXCHANGE LUNCH CLUB, SAN FRANCISCO
J. R. MILLER AND TIMOTHY L. PFLUEGER, ARCHITECTS

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

DECEMBER, 1931

Panel by Robert Howard

CORNER OF DINING ROOM, STOCK EXCHANGE LUNCH CLUB
J. R. MILLER AND TIMOTHY L. PFLUEGER, ARCHITECTS

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

MARBLE IN ARCHITECTURE

.O the architect, as well as to the
average person who possesses a keen ap-
preciation for the beautiful in all things,
marble conveys the idea of a stone of more
importance than ordinary building mate-
rials. There is a special beauty about mar-
ble, either in texture, color, or both and of
sufficient hardness to take a polish. The
varieties of marble are infinite, but numer-
ous as they are, it is rarely indeed that any
two quarries are precisely the same. For
this reason architects must make their se-
lections with care and before they can
specify a marble where great quantities of a
special quality of texture and color are de-
sired, they must be assured that the quarry
has the blocks in reserve or can produce
them in the amounts demanded.

The study of geology is not a require-
ment for a collector, or close observer to
classify marbles as to colors, for there are
many of a uniform tone, as whites, black,
gray, red, yellow, green, and others, but
again, it must be noted that in all cases,,
even in the white marbles, there are differ-
ences. For example the white marbles of
Italy differ from those of Greece and
America, nor are the black marbles of Eng-
land like those of Belgium and Ireland.
That there are such variations need not be
a cause for wonderment, for a study of
their origin will disclose that some are of
quite recent formation in comparison to
others. The white crystalline marbles are
now classified by conclusive proofs to be
nothing more than ordinary sedimentary
limestone rocks, which have gone through
a process of cooking or baking under great
pressure, while being hermetically sealed

by overlying rocks which have kept in the
gases causing the limestone to crystallize to
an extent that a new rock is formed, some-
times so entirely altered as to render the
fossils indiscernible. Some of the white
marbles have been formed by hot springs
carrying in solution large quantities of lime
and silica, which deposits, directly the cor-
bonic acid gas is liberated in the atmos-
phere, often producing a rock of the purest
white, or colored by any metal that the hot
water may pass through. Black marble is
likewise a sedimentary limestone colored by
carbon, which color is immediately de-
stroyed by heat, producing the whitest of
lime oxide. There are black marbles with
white veins, which are younger than the
rock itself and are due to infillings of the
cracks produced by different causes. Red
and yellow marbles are formed in the same
manner as the black marbles.

The Breccias represent the most disturb-
ed formations of any of the known mar-
bles. During the process of their formation
these rocks are broken up into fragments
and cemented together by nature and in
some cases have gone through a baking
process. It might be stated authoritatively
that nearly all of the green marbles are
earlier rocks that have been altered by be-
ing broken up and then cemented together.
Verde Antico is an example of this variety
of green marbles. The green marbles are
nearly all magnesia, while the whites are in
the same mass as lime, and occasionally
both whites and green are found in the
same formation or mass. And so it is seen
that marbles are produced under varying
conditions and the quality of necessity must
vary also, in hardness and in many ways.
Still other marbles, as for example many
American marbles, are little more than fos-
sils and mud formed under tremendous

pressure; others are compressed and baked
clays. Care should be exercised in the use
of clay marbles for frequently in damp in-
stallations they behave rather badly and re-
turn to their original elements. It is equally
true that some marbles are not migratory in
that they will not weather well away from
their home climates.

The use of marble in architecture is older
than recorded histories. The Greeks em-
ployed marble as an ordinary building
on material, everything being massive, but
stone and no effort was made to economize
perfect mathematically. The huge marble
blocks were finished off by grinding and
rubbing until a wall surface was homo-
genous. No cement or mortar was used.
The Greek columns, as they are described
in many histories, were built with thick
drums and when laid up the faces came
together with such perfection as to render
the joints almost invisible. When built the
whole column mass was so skillfully ma-
soned into a pillar of diminishing entasis
and delicate flutings as to appear to be a
monolith. Travelers with a sense of the
beautiful and the ability to describe what
they see, pen word pictures of the Acropolis
at Athens that give the reader a visualiza-

tion of color and subtlety of form not to be
found elsewhere in the realm of architec-
tural gems. The marble of the Acropolis is
a warm ivory tint.

Methods of quarrying marble by Greeks
and Romans was about the same, the latter
having adopted the earlier practices, it is
said. An old Roman quarry can be recog-
nized at a glance for the upright face of
the rock is invariably carefully tooled. The
Romans, as is well known, took over all of
the white marble quarries of the Greeks
and in order to obtain colored marbles they
opened new quarries where choice colors
predominated. It is worthy of note to state
that the Romans quarried their columns in
Siut, or in the quarry engaged to the par-
ent rock, either horizontally or vertically,
according to the bedding or the solidity of
the stone. Large circular hollows remain in
some of the quarries where it is said that
Justinian obtained the great Verde Antico
columns for the St. Sohpia in Constanti-
nople. Sarcophagi were quarried in the
same manner by being worked all around
and then wedged off at the bottom. Travel-
ers describe many examples of finished and
unfinished work in Siut, especially in the
old Carystian quarries of Cipolino. — Stone.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

FIRST BRICK HOUSE IN LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA
PENCIL SKETCH BY NATT PIPER. ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

EL PASEO de LOS ANGELES

by NATT PIPER, Architect

N Los Angeles there is a short street,
very picturesque and typically early Cali-
fornian. It has the appearance of an open-
air market that has been lifted bodily from
one of the carefree republics in the south.
It is a street in which the fiesta spirit lives
— every day and every night. Beautiful
coloring; soft guitar music; pungent odors
from the open-air cooking of tamales, tocas
and enchiladas; cries of vendors of native
wares and the constant stream of visitors
all blend into a fabric, the exact like of
which has not been woven in Los Angeles
for over a century and a half.

Olvera Street, or as the public-spirited
persons who made it possible, sometimes
call it — El Paseo de Los Angeles, several
years ago was but a wide sloping, littered
alley in the rear of store buildings that
fronted upon a higher street. Christine
Sterling, an energetic, practical "vision-
ary," was the one who enlisted the aid of
people who saw with her that this part of
the city, especially the cradle of Los An-
geles and the heart of the little pueblo in
the late 1700s, held an heritage of the past
that should be preserved. Between them
they had rubbish removed, gained the help
of city officials and began the work of
restoration that was so successfully done

that it appears ages old. This effect en-
hanced, of course, by the truly old houses
— one of them, the Avila house of adobe
with a hand-split redwood shake roof,
which was built in 1818.

On each side of the street are booths,
called by the Mexicans, "puestos." Most of
them are of light canvas or wooden con-
struction, but many are also palm thatched.
In them the natives sell hand-made jewelry,
baskets and textiles, candies and pottery.
Alongside and in back of them, with en-
trances between the puestos are small curio
stores, an old book shop, cafes, a marvel-
ously played puppet show, studios and tea-
rooms. Some of them are below the level
of the red-tiled pavement, while others are
a few steps up, higher than the street. In-
cidentally one may obtain the rare, ame-
thyst bottles colored by the intense desert
sun, in one booth quaintly styled "The
Thieves Market.'

El Paseo de Los Angeles, literally trans-
lated as "The Walk of the Angels" — cen-
ters with the old historic Plaza and is just
a step north of the labyrinth of streets that
form picturesque Chinatown.

There is much to see and to hear in the
Paseo. "Messacan shomping beans, se-
nora" — announces one vendor with a gaily-
painted tray swung from his shoulders, to
a woman tourist — who finally finds that he
sells Mexican jumping beans; "Velas de
Mexico," (prounced may-ee-ko) from the
maker of wax candles; "Tocas, frijoles v

•—«•—».

ENTRANCE PATIO. OLVERA STREET,

LOS ANGELES

Paving Tiles in Replica of Old Tiles Found Four Feet

Below the Surface

INDIAN CURIO SHOP. OLVERA STREET.
LOS ANGELES

Pencil Sketch by Natt Piper. Architect

tostados" — food cooked in the mode. Cries
that have almost a plaintive sadness in
them and that are yet hopeful and court-
eous. Harsh, loud voices are never heard.
When English terms are used there is a
quaint lisp and a musical softness to the
attempted correct pronunciation that is
appealing indeed.

Several small shoe polishers with their
boxes will present themselves to a prospect
— "Shine um up meester tane cents" — al-
most in a single, long word. The prospect
may brusquely shake his head, whereupon
one tiny Mexican will place his box
squarely in front and say "Brush um up
neekel." If that doesn't bring business he

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

drops to "Clean um up thray cents," and
this final and almost invariably successful
appeal keeps his pocket full of small coins.
He may be only eight years old with eyes
that are beautiful and soft, reminding one
of an Henri painting.

Tranquility reigns here. Just a square or
so away a hurrying city noisily goes on
with business, but in Olvera Street time is
of no moment. Old timers sit and dream
and gossip in the sunshine while younger
men stroll along in front of the "puestos"
with merry "Buenos tardes" — Good after-
noon — and tourists entering in a nervous
bustle drop all sophistication and haste and
become a sympathetic and responsive part

CROSS, WEST END OF OLVERA STREET

LOS ANGELES

The City of Angels' Famous Plaza May be Seen in the

Background

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

DOS PUESTOS", OLVERA STREET. LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
Pencil Sketch by Natt Piper, Architect

of the picture. These same tourists always
stay much longer than they first thought
they would.

A woman wearing diamonds and furs,
with an escort as finely dressed will be
seen eating tamales in a little cabana, sit-
ting beside a Mexican laborer out of a job.
They try to speak to each other, asking
the names of articles of food in each of
their languages.

Artists have long since found the Paseo,
where the picturesqueness delights them
and lends inspiration for their work. They

have sketched and painted the old build-
ings, the huge old stone watering trough,
hand-hewn by the Mission Indians and the
irregular booths with their interesting
wares and gaily-colored awnings. Best of
all the most beautiful senoritas and the
finest charros in all California are to be
found here to pose for them in their native
costumes. There is no doubt at all that
coming exhibitions will find many canvases
portraying some colorful corner, or some
intriguing feature of this new-old Olvera
Street — El Paseo de Los Angeles.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

ETHICS AND FREE SKETCHES

HE Principles of Practice of the
American Institute of Architects, like those
of any other profession, are a set of self-
imposed rules of conduct devised to pro-
tect the best interests of the public with
whom the profession is involved and thus
to indirectly increase the prestige of the
profession with that public to which it must
look for its livelihood. They are the rules
of conduct found from long experience to
serve the best interests of the architect and
of his client or prospective client and must
not be regarded as restrictive, but rather
as an aid to practice.

Your committee* feels that the situation
in regard to ethical practice in the archi-
tectural profession is as good or better
than in most other professions. This is not
necessarily a statement to be proud of be-
cause all the professions have serious diffi-
culties to face and there is evidence in ar-
chitecture of ample room for improvement.
The medical profession finds it necessary
to keep up a constant fight to maintain
their standards and the legal profession is
today feeling the loss of public confidence
due to unethical practice on the part of
some of their members. The public also
suffers because it is deprived of the serv-
ices of the really able practitioner through
loss of confidence in the whole profes-
sion brought on by the actions of some
of its members.

* Report of the Co

Practice of the Detroit Chapter, A. I. A.

The present economic depression brings
with it a situation in our profession where
members will be faced with strong temp-
tation to act contrary to the Principles of
Practice in the hope of immediate personal
advantages. The committee feels that in
times like these it is doubly important to
uphold the standards of the profession and
retain and build up the confidence of the
public — our future client. Let us not make
the mistake that a few corporations and
financial institutions have demonstrated in
various sections of the country — that ex-
pediency justifies any action, regardless of
how unethical or even illegal such action
might be. Witness the enormous loss of
faith on the part of the public in these
cases and the consequent disastrous re-
sults to business.

Your committee believes that the best
interests of the architectural profession,
and of its individual members, can be
served best by strict adherence to the
Principles of Practice as laid down by the
American Institute of Architects.

We have heard much in the last year or
two of the cry that architecture is really
a business instead of a profession; or if it
isn't it should be. We take the contrary
view, and hold that architecture's very ex-
istence depends on its practice being more
purely professional. We do not mean to
imply that its professional practice should
not be conducted in the most business-like
manner. On the contrary, it is of utmost
importance that it be so conducted. We
feel, however, that there has been much
loose thinking and considerable loose talk

about putting architecture on a business
basis, and that this has tended to hurt the
profession rather than help it. That the
profession in the past has been criticized
for being unbusiness-like is an urgent ar-
gument for more business-like conduct of
our professional practice and not an argu-
ment for making of architecture a pure
business. Remove from architecture its
purely professional basis and it loses at
once its greatest power for service. We
fail to see where business in general has
set any high ideal of service and we feel
that architecture can do better than to pat-
tern its methods after those of business.

The need for maintenance of our high
standards is again apparent when we con-
sider that unless architects measure up to
what is being claimed for them our whole
plan of public information concerning the
profession breaks down.

The committee can do little without the
wholehearted cooperation of the members
of the Chapter. We feel that we have had
the cooperation of a majority, and we ask
now for the active support of the entire
membership.

We have attempted from time to time
to point out the good common sense of
ethical practice — how it actually pays in
dollars and cents. In one case of submis-
sion of free sketches in a "scramble" com-
petition which we investigated this year,
it was brought out that one competitor had
expended the sum of $750.00, not count-
ing his own time, in preparation of his
entry — and what were his chances of se-
curing the commission? We venture to say
that not one in three hundred and seventy-
five. By the law of probability this means
that to be reasonably sure of securing one
such commission he would have to enter
three hundred and seventy-five such
"scrambles." Even with as low an aver-
age cost as $100.00 for each entry he
would be required to expend $37,500.00
to secure one job. Rather a high sales
cost. Actually the chances are incapable
of calculation because it has been shown
time and time again that merit and ability
hardly enter into the question. This man's

action wasn't even good gambling. By
the laws of probability his chances of win-
ning were too small to warrant the ex-
penditure, and if he continues playing such
a game he is bound to lose his roll and
probably his shirt also.

To clear up this "scramble" competition
evil by which the profession loses so much
prestige we must have consistent action on
the part of members. We need hardly
point out the effect on a building commit-
tee about to select an architect in this man-
ner, despite the advice of the Chapter to
the contrary, when they find Chapter mem-
bers elbowing their way in, each with a
set of free sketches. It has, however, been
abundantly proved all over the country
that with consistent action on the part of
Chapter members, building committees are
quick to grasp the inadvisability of this
method of selecting an architect.

The committee has in the past year en-
deavored to follow up and investigate
every reported violation of the Principles
of Practice and sincerely hopes that this
policy will be continued. It has endeavored
to correct conditions, first by education
and persuasion of the individuals involved
It does not relish, but stands ready to use
more drastic means where the situation re-
quires. The committee has established and
will seek to perpetuate a permanent file,
wherein will be preserved the records of
all investigations of irregular conduct, to-
gether with the findings of the committee.
In cases where investigation shows con-
clusively that complaint or rumor of un-
professional conduct was unfounded or
based on misunderstanding the records
will not be preserved in this file.

In conclusion we wish to emphasize the
value of mutual confidence on the part of
all members in each other. This can only
be brought about by every member play-
ing the game fair and square and above
board. If we have faith in what the Insti-
tute stands for and what it is doing for the
profession then let us all play the game
in the manner that the Institute prescribes
— in short, in a thoroughly sportsmanlike
manner.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

0J*ace%1fcjBa*c>tJ

SUCM-VO-TOS

PORTFOLIO OF SKETCHES

BY CHARLES E. PETERSON

U. S. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

Gm.1 (/HHEDSAl

San FfcAtotiMo

THE BEGINNING OF THE
GREAT CATHEDRAL THAT
WILL CROWN NOB HILL

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

THE MOORE HOUSE AT
YORKTOWN, VIRGINIA. WHERE
THE TERMS OF THE SUR-
RENDER OF CORNWALLIS
WERE DRAWN IN 1781

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

VdlUIAMt>&UtL>6
- 16*39 - i93o-

THE "CHRISTOPHER WREN
BUILDING" OF WILLIAM
AND MARY COLLEGE. THE
OLDEST ACADEMIC BUILDING
IN AMERICA

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

8a/1

RUINED DOORWAY OF

AN OLD STONE MANSION ON

NORTHERN NECK, VIRGINIA

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

c^C

&&$*

EaiocHoS de^Ta^s

WOODED DOORWAY TO A

QUAINT ADOBE CHURCH

IN NORTHERN NEW MEXICO

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

MURAL. "THE FIVE CONTINENTS." IN DINING SALON OF
STEAMSHIP ROOSEVELT. BY FRANK W. BERGMAN

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

FACTORS INFLUENCING DECISION IN A
BUILDING PROJECT

by F. P. BURT

CCEPTING the fact that business
in general is at a low level, can anyone
now state definitely: This is the bottom of
the slump? Could anyone have said two or
three years ago: This is the top of the
boom? If the position of these critical points
could be predicted with sufficient force and
reason to convince the public, excessive
booms and disastrous slumps would not
occur.

Many efforts have been made to discover
the economic laws that govern these fluctu-
ations; but the experience of the last
decade shows that we have not yet got
rid of heavy grades and sharp curves in
the right-of-way of industry, nor have we
found the best alignment and location for
carrying the fast-increasing traffic.

Certain things are, however, made obvi-
ous by the records. These ups and downs
come with sufficient frequency to be en-
countered several times during the average
life of a business building and they are, of
course, closely attended by rise and fall of
material and construction costs. How can a
building erected at peak prices compete on
even terms with another built at bottom
prices? Or one built without regard for de-
mand for space and fitness for purpose
with one properly located and carefully
planned to serve obvious needs?

It may properly be said that this is rea-

* Research Editor. Building and Building Management.

soning around a circle; that activity in con-
struction work makes the so-called good
times and sluggishness the bad ones. But
the point is that there is a recognizable
stage in each cycle in which spending goes
beyond prudent limit; and another stage in
which saving means loss of opportunity for
profitable investment.

Property owners who study these trends
and movements closely, who refrain from
undertaking construction when costs are
mounting high but proceed with it when
costs are trending downward, are the ones
whose buildings can be run at a profit for
the full period of their effective life. And
those who adhere to such a policy not
merely serve their own direct interest, but
they help to limit extreme movements up-
ward and downward in all lines of busi-
ness, by putting a brake on runaway opti-
mism and giving an effective push when
pessimism prevails.

The building industry, like all the rest,
has been having a tough time. The lesson
on the limitations of prosperity has been a
severe one and is probably not yet fully
learned. But there are signs that it is at last
being comprehended and taken to heart,
and that realization of the folly of recent
excesses is arousing a rational confidence,
which will be reflected in judicious con-
struction.

Let us consider the case of a property
owner who believes that there will soon
come an opportune time to improve a valu-
able site in the central business district of
his city by the erection of an office build-
ing; and let us set down some of the factors
that must have a potent effect in deciding

whether he shall build or not build and, if
he determines to go ahead, what shall be
the purpose, design and capacity of the
structure.

To arrive at a satisfactory and safe solu-
tion of these problems he will require:

A. Reliable information as to busi-
ness trends, office space supply and
demand, vacancy percentages and pre-
vailing rental rates in the city and
neighborhood.

B. Appraisal of the present value of
the site and its probable future value.

C. Decision as to what classes and
members of the office-using public
should be solicited as "key" tenants.

D. What type and design of build-
ing will best suit their needs and what
amount of rentable space is compatible
with the anticipated demand and with
the value of the land.

E. Preliminary building plans and
specifications from which to figure
construction and equipment costs, and
operating expenses.

F. Consideration of renting meth-
ods and policies and fixing of rental
rates from which probable income may
be computed.

G. The preparation of a plan of
financing adapted to the case.

This list gives little more than titles of
the subjects recommended for the attenion
of the building projector. For the sake of
making the purpose more clear, a brief ex-
planation of each requirement and its ap-
plication to the project under consideration
is made in the paragraphs that follow.

A. Office Space Market Conditions

Owners of land affording suitable sites
for income-producing edifices such as office
buildings are fortunate in that they fre-
quently have reliable information as to
trends and conditions ready at hand.
Rental surveys are regularly undertaken
in many cities and statistics of vacancies
and space absorption are compiled. These
provide data upon which the propriety of
engaging in improvements may be deter-
mined. In cases where such facts are not
on record, however, the need for careful

inquiry is indicated. Experience has proved
that a new building put in operation where
adequate space for the community's needs
already exists must expect to suffer from a
long period of insufficient income or will
result in ruinous competition in rates that
in the end entails still greater aggregate
loss. If reasonably assured that present
supply is well beyond present, or near fu-
ture demand, the wise owner may well
decide to defer building or be satisfied with
a "taxpayer" improvement.

B. Appraisal o[ Land Value

If conditions are found favorable enough
to warrant going ahead with the building
project the owner must have a careful ap-
praisal of the present value of his site
(which obviously may differ widely from
the price he actually paid for it) and the
appraisal should include valuation on the
basis of its proposed use for a period ex-
tending over the estimated life of the pro-
jected building. These data are necessary
for computing the amount to be earned
and, therefore, the space to be created to
make the building a financial success. It is
evident that the structure must be planned
with due regard to the value of the land,
for it must earn interest on that value as
well as on its own cost and must also pro-
vide sufficient to pay all expenses of opera-
tion and maintenance, with due allowance
for depreciation.

C. Key Tenants

The businesses and professions followed
by occupants of a building have consider-
able bearing on its design. As instances of
this: When a new building aims to take
advantage of location in a retail merchan-
dising district, special attention should be
given to the layout of lower floors and
basement and to arrangement and position
of elevators and lobby to serve office
floors; and when the prospective occupants
include a number of physicians, surgeons
and dentists, certain floors should be se-
lected to house them, and the special
plumbing and so on, required for their
uses, should be installed at the time of con-
structing the building.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

D. Capacity and Design
While the best design and layout of the
building will depend largely upon the
classes of tenants it is to serve, its capacity
must partly be based upon results of inves-
tigating the probable space demand. But
the capacity must depend also upon the
value of the land. If made too small, it will
be unable to produce adequate income; if
too large, there will be much unused space
and the income will still be insufficient.

E. Estimates of Cost and Expenses
If the requirements outlined in the pre-
ceding paragraphs prove to be irreconcil-
able with each other and with the owner's
means for handling the project, he will no
doubt decide to defer action. If they seem
to fit together he will proceed to the prepa-
ration of complete preliminary plans and
estimates from which to figure construc-
tion and equipment costs and expenditure
required for fixed charges such as interest
on invested capital, taxes, insurance, etc.,
and for operation, maintenance and depre-
ciation. At this stage the owner will have
retained the services of an architect, who
should be one familiar with office building
design. He will also have occasion to se-
cure advice from some competent building
manager or managers, who can cooperate
with the architect on the building plans and
specifications and estimate the costs of
operating and maintaining the property.

F. Estimates of Revenue

It will also be essential to consider rental
policies and methods and prepare a rent
schedule applicable to each of the various
classes to be offered in the building. Esti-
mates of revenue from rentable space and
the estimates of total expenses as indicated
in paragraph E, are both needed for the
information of those who are expected to
invest on the security of the property's true
value, which in turn depends upon its earn-
ing power.

G. Financial Set-Up

Having the first six requirements satis-
fied it is practical to consider the best
financing plan to adopt for carrying out
the project. The income to be earned from

the building is computed at something less
than full occupancy; ninety per cent is gen-
erally considered fair. This income should
be sufficient to cover total operating ex-
pense, interest on investment, taxes, insur-
ance and minor items, and also amortiza-
tion of junior liens, and, of course, profit.
There is rather a wide choice of methods
for raising the necessary funds; but the
typical method is to supplement the own-
er's equity by first and second mortgage or
their equivalent. The total project costs to
be capitalized must include the appraised
value of the land, the construction costs
with professional fees, the interest on cap-
ital used and the taxes and other charges
accruing during construction, and also the
cost of initial vacancies until these are re-
duced to the point where the income from
rented space suffices to cover all expenses.
Some of these last items are not infre-
quently overlooked; but considering that a
first-class office building rarely takes less
than a year to complete, it is evident that
they run to a large proportion of project
cost and must therefore be included in the
capitalization.

Practical Value of Skilled Advertisers
The chief points on a building project
that call for owner's attention have been
touched upon above in more or less logical
order. It will be noted that items A and B
are outside the influence of the projector;
but the others are in large measure subject
to his control. They overlap or interlock
very considerably and so must be consid-
ered in relation to each other and modified
if out of balance. Certain items are evi-
dently quite closely dependent upon one
another and must be made to conform. For
instance, if the total estimated revenue
(Item F) does not exceed the total esti-
mated expenses (Item E), then the rental
rates must be raised; or, if this is not possi-
ble, the cost of constructing an equal
amount of rentable space must be reduced.
The adoption of either alternative may call
for change in design (Item D) and for re-
vision of the financing plan (Item G).

The average building owner has other
interests that prevent his giving close at-

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

tention to all details of his real estate hold-
ings. It is unessential that he be able
to handle in person the many matters that
attend the creation and operation of a valu-
able office building. But his interests in
such a project are so important that he
should at least have a broad general
knowledge of the field, should know where
to obtain the best advice and should be able
to assure himself that he is getting efficient
and honest service.

As temporary advisers, he will have the
appraiser, the architect and estimator and
the special consultant or consultants on the
problems of equipment and operation,
renting policies and schedules. The best
aid to the owner, throughout all the stages
of any project for creating an income-pro-
ducing building, can be rendered by the
man who is expected to have permanent
charge of the property. In making this
statement it is assumed that the building is
to represent value enough to warrant the
cost of employing a manager who is fully
capable of dealing expertly with all the
owner's interests therein. There are many
such managers in the field but of course
their remuneration must be commensurate
with their knowledge of building problems.
Even in the case of a smaller building the
projector will have need for the temporary
services of unbiased, qualified consultants
in solving the questions of layout, equip-

ment, operating and renting policies that
are sure to arise while the project is under
way. Advice of this kind results in making
improvements and changes at a time when
they cost least and it is of such value that
it cannot safely be dispensed with.

During the recent "good" times, capital
was too hotly pursued and too roughly
handled when caught. As a consequence it
has become timid. For a couple of years
past it has been looking askance at real
estate as well as at other industrial and
commercial ventures. But deferential ad-
vances and modest claims will soon make
it less shy and more ready to accept pro-
posals that can show sound reasons for
expecting a happy outcome.

While it is true that the recent era of
excess production and lavish expenditure
has resulted in a large surplus of building
space in many cities, there still remain
many that have few or no modern build-
ings and there are special locations even
in over-built cities where new space is de-
manded.

The construction of these needed build-
ings and the improvement and rehabilita-
tion of a vast number of good "going"
structures are the activities that should, at
this particular juncture, have the interest
and attention of property owners and in-
vestors.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

HOW MAY WE KNOW?

by JULIAN C. MESIC

_mLqJY the worlds universal token! —
replica or miniature. The process was not
beneath the Egyptian kings, as witnessed
in the Metropolitan Museum, New York.

You may judge our success, here and
now! The patio pJhoto is of reality. The
model in photo shows the house and gar-
den from without the patio wall. Visualize
all in rich color, and you will gain some
concept of the model's ability to portray
reality. For the "vibration" you must come
and see for yourself.

Simplicity characterizes the Egyptian
work, and ease of execution marks ours.

PATIO, RESIDENCE OF MRS. OSBORN WHITE
Erie J. Osborn, Architect

Perhaps he had no use for speed; but we
think we have, so the years have wit-
nessed many advances in craftsmanship
which permit us flexibility and prasticity,
for just so long as we require. Plasticity

MODEL OF RESIDENCE FOR MRS. OSBORN WHITE
Julian C. Mesic, Modeler

MODEL OF CORPUS CHRISTI CHURCH, OAKLAND. CALIFORNIA
William Edward Schirmer, Architect

may then be exchanged for durability, but
long ere this our model may have served
its purpose to convince ourselves or a client
of a point at issue.

We spoke of the many possibilities, in
these pages, October, 1929. We may have

STUDY OF GABLES- MODEL BY MESIC
William I. Garren. Architect

required one of the numerous other types
of models in vogue. In any type there are
many uses for our latest "recording" —
mache'. The entire group shown here is,
or can be made, safe for shipment in the
hands of the hardiest "baggage smasher",
by its direct use.

Aside from lightness of weight, com-
bined with strength, greater speed and
more convincing modeling is readily ob-
tained in portraying shrubbery and trees.
All parts and elements are modeled, be-
ginning with the wire frame and the fiber
and continuing to the last dot of plaster.
Yet you can witness no radical change in
the aspect of the type, — that is the art —
maybe.

At least, it is the only way to create
expressively. An addition here, an adjust-
ment there, your plan takes on beauty and
becomes understandable to the layman —
the model crystalizing the whole.

Thus the cycles go, and with them come
our individual victories over material,
benefiting our fellows with ourselves.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

MODELS— RANCH HOUSE, HE ALDSBURG (Upper and Lower Pictures)
Erie J. Osborne, Architect

MODEL— STUDY OF A HOUSE (Center Picture)
William Edward Schirmer, Architect

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

DECEMBER, 1931

MODELS OF STUDIES, HOUSE AND CHURCH (Upper and Lower Pictures)
William Edward Schirmer, Architect

MODEL OF SWEETLAND HOUSE (Center) Decoration on the left is a full size
"test in mache" for a garden by Julian C. Mesic

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

THE NUMBER TWO IN ARCHITECTURE

by WILLIAM LEE WOOLLETT, A. I. A.

EGINNING with the idea of self,
the necessity of the not-self is obvious.
These two, "I" and the "Not I" the first
grand equation, with these the universe be-
gins to function. Mother and babe, two
parents, etc.

Two ears to hear, two nostrils to smell,
two jaws to eat, two eyes to see, two
brains, one in the head and the other in the
hand, cause and effect, top and bottom, left
and right — opposites, night and day, and
so the complete categories of two, begin-
ning and ending, reciprocity, and action
and reaction. The Swede calls on the tele-
phone "is dis de middle gif me de odder
end. please."

The functional significance of the num-
ber two is illustrated further by considering
the three planes which may be passed
through any organic body, a man, a beast,
a bird, a fish, or a bit or protoplasm, at right
angles to each other discloses duality of
two types — functional duality entailing the
idea of symmetrical correspondence, and
the idea of compensation in diversity.

The three sections of these bodies dis-
closes for all types of organisms the same
interesting common characteristics. The ex-
ception proves the rule, but for the sake
of simplicity and beauty — let us consider
the mammal forms, or the fish. The vertical
and horizontal longitudal sections show the
sequence of forms from head to tail of the
organism and the third section the vertical
cross section, indicates the particularized
elements as they appear in the other sec-
tions at various points. Two sections, the
horizontal longitudinal, and the cross sec-
tion show the functional framework as sym-
metrical on one axis, and the third the lon-

Editor's Xote: The first installment of "The Number Two in Archi-
tecture" was published in the Architect and Engineer, October, 1931.

gitudinal-vertical section show the same as
unsymmetrical, the latter developing the
idea of series. In the relation of any one
section to the others we are able to read
the functional values of the parts. As
noted in the case of the horizontal longi-
tudinal section there is absolutely symmetry
and duality of form; and as to the longitud-
inal axis in this plane difference of function
from one end to the other. So that the idea
of duality, either symmetrical or functional
or both, ends with the first two sections.
Therefore as we consider the series of
values in the three various sections we note
that the vertical cross section tells us very
little as to function it is diagramatic of
form of which we could know nothing ex-
cept for the other two. The sections made
in the direction of length give the more
complete functional story.

In two sections duality as noted above
is expressed in a different degree and a
different manner. These several dualities
constitute six reciprocating parts — couples
you might call them. The duality of the
idea of function, being clearly traced now
the important point is that the idea of axial
symmetry it identified with functional
duality, and that the unsymmetrical sec-
tions are identified with the idea of pro-
gression, series and diversity. The idea of
functional duality is an idea of three for it
is the idea of the "I" and the "Not I" and
the correspondence of these two. The idea
of diversity, progression and series opens
up a universe of ideas, which so far as the
study of two is concerned, is not of interest
just now. But why is three? Is answered
so far as the metaphysics to organic forms
is concerned.

There is a mutual action and reaction
between the "I" and the "Not I" between
the conscious ego and what appears to be
the universe. Some philosophers think that

the universe is a creation of the ego, i.e.,
that the entourage of the ego is dominated
and determined by the organism of which
the ego is a type or integral part. Thus the
idea of time which completes or makes pos-
sible an idea of space is a condition of our
state of being. The elemental concept of
the ego and the world of creation with
which it functions is based on the idea of
two, and the derivatives of this relation
three. Therefore two has a functional sig-
nificance and as such it is the natural ve-
hicle for emotion. Two hands welcome the
stranger, and two are raised in prayer.
When a third element comes in it is as an
instrument or object of function. Thus we
get the idea of mechanics, the principle of
the fulcrum, the block and pulley, etc.

I consider the idea of one, two and three
as practically one idea, for the simple rea-
son that there is no joining or manipulation
of reflexes in the mind, necessary before
a coetion of these ideas are complete.

In architecture, the column and lintel is
functional. The wall and the buttress is
fundamental. The walls and roof spell pro-
tection, functional. If you wish to indicate
action and reaction — positive and negative,
good and bad, the symbol is two of this or
that. Two hands that clasp, how old the
meaning, two who swear fidelity, friend-
ship.

The divided house cannot stand, an
empty sack cannot stand. In the breaking
down of unity the dramatic opposite of one
is two. The breaking into two parts is at
once the climax and explanation of con-
tinuity. The cell of protoplasm breaks in
two and so on indefinitely. Time is ren-
dered in twain — the past and the future,
the present, nothing but a line.

When a mind has once considered the
idea of two, two forms — two planes, two
lines; two opposing or complimentary ab-
stract ideas in a picture, a group of stat-
uary, or a piece of architecture, these vari-
ous two's must be related in some manner
or else their beinq so considered is illogical
and irrelevant. If related then, to each
other, then how? Two of anything as a
component part of an art composition

means three of course, since the space be-
tween always counts for something, if for
nothing more than a form of empty air. But
the space between does not count as part of
the symbol except and unless this space is
a factor in unifying the two.

The problem! A fold of drapery, an area
of flowing hair, a mass of clouds, a group
of buildings — what not — shall it be divided
into three main masses, each of the three
in turn into two or three or more smaller
parts, etc.? What is the number of sub-
divisions necessary? What is the princi-
ple? How to get parts, rhythm, color mean-
ing, full simple modeling into these areas
according to some workable principle. Here
the Greek tells us much, the simple way,
the nerveless way, the numbers one, two,
three — is the way.

The Barye Lion which covered with
dust, hidden shame-facedly behind an
old French Dictionary now spoke. No
one had looked in his direction for a long
time. Just then he seemed to jump out
of his dingy background. What did
Barye do — yes! Strange! There are
three main masses in the hair areas on the
side of the face and every secondary mass
is divided into three parts, there is not
function here, only decoration and a color-
ful mass not requiring structure or func-
tional expression. But the head is a face
and a mass of hair — two — the balance,
body and members, two — and two two's
for the legs; and the tail — there is the tuft
at the end and one other part the smooth,
two and so on through the figure. But three
directions in the tail motif, three in the body
it primarily stands. There are a thousand
curve. The lateral or cross sections of struc-
tural parts show two main parts, as indicat-
ing function, whereas the longitudinal axis
of these same parts indicate three parts,
indicating a functional unity. Only in the
immaterial ends and smaller divisions of
the hair manes did he use two parts, and
then two unequal parts. But all main parts
of the body. i. e., compositions in move-
ments relating to length of members re-
solve themselves into threes.

After once having conceived that num-
bers have a valuable relation to the ar-

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER. 1931

rangement of composition in art and archi-
tecture, the mind naturally finds its own
methods and it does not really matter what
the system so long as it is a system, which
recognizes the relativity of all parts in
rhythm. For instance by the mere manner
of handling the number three, you may in-
dicate a series, rather than unity for which
ways of doing this but it is a trick — like
taking rabbits out of a hat. These methods
are quite alike by nature in all individuals
so that the net result is apt to be the same.
Some minds however, relate the numbers
to the problem more cleverly than others,
just as language a common carrier, is used
diversely by different minds.

Thus consideration of the number three
develops the fact that the two spaces be-
tween automatically suggest the form or
arrangement of five or if the spaces at the
ends are considered — then seven. For the
mind which reads seven, it is seven, but the
seven should be so disposed so that subtly
the three and the two two's are after all in-
sistent, though ever so illusively.

Six parts suggests the more easily read
combination three and three. Seven parts
are really resolved into two functional ele-
ments, two twos and a three. The idea
six reading the spaces between the six
parts and including the spaces at the end
makes thirteen. Thirteen is therefore, the
limit of the two groups of three each,
which is easily read by the normal mind.
Thirteen is not a mystic number, it is just
the expanded sense of two units, two
three's, as such the perfect symbol of mar-
riage, of God and man, and of immortality.

The arrangement of parts in architec-
ture and in music through the use of
numbers is helpful and necessary for
logical construction and proper rhythm, but
the inflexion and studied use of the varia-
bles involved constitutes the real art, just
as in language the inflection, arrangements
and various refinements, tones, etc., deter-
mine the arts of language. Numbers are
useful for instruction and understanding,
therefore in art, quite as much as the laws
of syntax are useful in language. But they
are not desirable or necessary as some writ-
ers maintain, to be used like an engineer's

gridiron, whereby all of the parts of a
building may be found exactly on the inter-
sections. That is quite as absurd, as to ex-
pect leaves to grow that way.

The study of art, like the study of bi-
ology or chemistry or any other aspect of
man's activity must resolve itself into an
attempt to make a chronology of basic facts
and to understand the law of change in
that chronology. But art and architecture,
beyond all other fields seems to have
achieved the distinction of embodying in
form — a three dimensional phase, a fourth
value, the abstract idea, or the fourth di-
mension. Art is palpably concerned with
abstractions which seems to limit its cate-
gory, but in reality serves to liberate the
human mind and prove new horizons.
There appears on this horizon abstractions
out of which properly understood, may
be erected a partial understanding of a
widened sense of space, or sense percep-
tion, a sense which we already have, with-
out apprehending the law of its special
order.

While the abstract message of art is
outside of the sense of the three dimen-
sional space, as for instance ideas illus-
trated in the categories of permanence, sta-
bility, opulence, etc., we can imagine the
third dimensional space as being contained
within the concept of the fourth dimension,
and we must acknowledge our dependence
for the present on the third dimensional
world in which we live, in order to articu-
late our ideas.

Form may be conceived as separate from
matter, color may be conceived as separate
from matter. Function may be conceived as
separate from matter. Therefore the com-
bination of form and color and function
may be conceived as separate from matter,
from which we arrive at the notion that
ideas which are created from pure or ab-
stract form and color and function com-
binations are outside of the three dimen-
sional world and are functions of a four
dimensional world. In the demonstrations
of art, therefore, we have the four dimen-
sions, (1) abstract form, (2) abstract
color, (3) abstract function, (4) our three

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

dimensional world. The idea of space is
relative, it is not real, it is the fourth dimen-
sional world which is real.

The fourth dimensional consciousness
then is not limited by time or space as we
know it. It is full of abstract form, abstract
color, abstract functions, abstract space.

Why dawdle and play with these ques-
tions? Why not be practical? Being prac-
tical we care about fundamental law only
so far as it helps us to get along our way,
if it is a short cut to performance it is use-
ful— as mere mental gymnastics it is noth-
ing. Personally I find that the rule of three,
which to me means the rule of one, two and
three is of vast value in solving an innumer-
able number of practical problems. For in-
stance I will put three scales in my build-
ing, two for the exterior and one for the
interior. The interior may in turn be di-
vided into two. The scales of the interior
are so far different from the scales of the
exterior, that the exterior scales count as
a single scale by comparison. This is what
we mean by "fluidity", see paragraph two,
paqe one of Prologue. Notice the two

scales in the Greek temple profiles and the
two clearly marked scales in the porches
of Amiens and Notre Dame. I know of no
great building of antiquity in which the
scale is not multiple.

The bones of beauty are mathematics
and metaphysics — functional values are
the muscles — kindness, graciousness, grat-
itude, praise, etc., is the attitude life.
Thus, the position of a man's head on his
shoulders will tell the student of anthrop-
ology much about the history and character
of the man. The bone formation of the
head will tell him much more about the his-
tory and character of this man. The flesh
will illuminate the fundamentals expressed
in the form of the bone and the expression
given to the epidermis will further illumi-
nate the functional arrangements of the
other two factors. The bone and the flesh
and the epidermis, one, two, three. This
relationship is typical of a universe of func-
tional two's and a unifying third.

Therefore two is one, and three is one,
and one is one and two and three.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

ARCHITECT'S RIGHT TO DAMAGES
ON DISCHARGE

by CLINTON H. BLAKE

RATHER interesting situation
has been submitted by a subscriber to Pen-
cil Points. It raises various questions of in-
terest to practicing architects generally. It
also suggests something of a new angle of
approach to one of the oldest problems of
the architect, namely, the right of the
owner to terminate his employment and the
rights of the parties in the event of such
termination.

In the case in question, the architect and
owner entered into a contract which pro-
vided in substance as follows: — The archi-
tect should prepare preliminary sketches
for the sum of $100 to be paid on the de-
livery of the sketches. The sketches should
be sufficiently full to enable preliminary es-
timates to be secured. If the job was pro-
ceeded with, the architect was to prepare
working drawings and specifications and
supervise the work to completion for a fee
of ten per cent. The architect prepared the
sketches, which as a matter of fact, were
and these with the specifications were de-
livered to the owner. The latter expressed
satisfaction with them, but pleaded his in-
ability at the time to make payment of the
$100. The owner asked for bids, and the
architect secured these for him. The owner
then stated that the cast of the work would
be too much and the work was indefinitely

suspended. No further communications
were had between the architect and owner
for about one and one-half years. The
architect then learned that the owner had
employed another architect to prepare new
drawings for the same work and had se-
cured a permit from the local building de-
partment for the work to be done. No work
had actually, however, been undertaken.

Under the foregoing conditions, the
architect proposed to sue the owner for the
$100 due for the sketches and also to re-
cover damages for the breach of a contract
to employ the architect.

There is, of course, no question of the
right of the architect to the $100. The
sketches were prepared and submitted un-
der a definite agreement to pay this amount
for them, and the architect is entitled to re-
ceive it. The other and more interesting
question raised by this rather unusual situ-
ation is far less easy of solution. The ordi-
nary rule is that a contract of personal
employment, such as the employment of a
doctor, lawyer, or architect, is subject to
termination at any time upon payment of
the reasonable or agreed value of the ser-
vices rendered up to the time the employ-
ment is terminated. On the other hand, if
there is a special contract providing that the
architect is to be employed in any event on
a special job to the completion thereof, he
would under these conditions be entitled
to recover as damages the prospective profit
which he would have made had his employ-
ment not been terminated. This is on the
theory that the termination of his employ-

ment under such conditions would amount
to a breach of the contract.

Under the circumstances of the case in
question, it would seem that the contract
might well be construed to be a definite
agreement that the architect would be em-
ployed for the complete job if the work
were proceeded with. The fact that only a
nominal charge was made for the prelimi-
nary sketches strengthens this conclusion.
Assuming that this is the case, however,
the architect has another hurdle to nego-
tiate. The payment of his percentage com-
pensation was contingent, under the agree-
ment made, on the work progressing. The
architect claims that the taking out by the
owner of the building permit under the
second set of plans in itself is proof that
the work was to progress. I doubt if this
conclusion could be sustained. The taking
out of the permit, on the contrary, seems to
me to be merely evidence of an intention on
the part of the owner to proceed with the
work. If he does proceed with it, the archi-
tect should be able to recover the profit
which he would have made, if he had been
continued as architect as agreed. The bet-
ter course for the architect, in view of these
considerations, would seem to be to wait
until the work has actually gone forward
before bringing suit for the damages. He
can, however, in the meantime, fortify his
position by notifying the owner that he
claims the right to act as architect, if the
work is proceeded with, and that he will
hold the owner liable for the damage caused
him by the owner's breach of the contract.
Also, under the canons of ethics of the
American Institute, an architect would, un-
der such conditions, do well to notify the
second architect who has been chosen that

his prior claim has not been settled and is
now legally at issue and should be adjusted
before the second architect proceeds with
the work.

The chief moral pointed by the present
case is that, if an architect desires to vary
the ordinary rule allowing the owner to
terminate his employment at will, he should
see to it that the agreement covering his
definite employment for the complete job
should be in such form that it is neither
ambiguous nor uncertain. It is quite possi-
ble to frame an agreement in such a way
that the architect is definitely employed and
is entitled to damages if another architect
is asked to supersede him. His damages in
such a case ordinarily would be the profit
which he would have made, had he been
allowed to proceed under his agreement of
employment. If, for example, this contract
had provided that if, after the preliminary
sketches were made, the owner decided to
go ahead with working drawings, the ar-
chitect who made the preliminary sketches
should be employed to make the working
drawings, any doubt of his right to recover
would be removed.

The rule allowing the employment of a
professional man to be terminated by the
owner under ordinary circumstances is a
sound one and in accordance both with
common sense and professional ethics. On
the other hand, it is often essential, as a
matter of fairness, that the professional man
be employed for the entire job and not
merely for a preliminary stage of the job
and that he be protected in this employ-
ment. Where this result is desired, the
architect would do well to take advice so
that he may be assured that the agreement
entered into is binding and effective.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER. 1931

VANCISCft
PUBLIC LIBRARY

ENGINEERING

CONSTRUCTION

BUILDING FOR HOUSING HEATING EQUIPMENT

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY

George W. Kelham, Architect

featuring

New Gas-Fired Heating Plant at the University
of California, Berkeley

1 ltot.r. Oil Funp*. F«<1 *«"r Pvmps . VUf.rn .,-. ,
iuxlllorUj Panal. rHVIU /YO.«J.

GAS-FIRED STEAM PLANT AT UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA

by B. F. RABER

NE of the most modern steam heat-
ing plants on the Pacific Coast was placed
in operation during 1931 on the Campus of
the University of California in Berkeley.
This plant, using either natural gas or oil as
fuel, was ready for service January 1 , 1 93 1 ,
and is connected to the central tunnel sys-
tem by a new section of tunnel approxi-

Professor B. F. Raber nf the College of Engineering, University of
California, is a well-known authority on steam anil therm dynamic work.
He was in charge of the equipment selection, arrangement and interior
design of the new heating installation.

mately one thousand feet in length. The
new building is one-third of a mile directly
west of the location of the old power plant
on the Berkeley Campus, which has been
entirely removed.

The University's first boiler plant, placed
in service in 1893, was in the Mechanics
Building, and consisted of two small units,
using hand-fired coal as fuel. In 1904, the
decision was made to assign this equipment
to the exclusive uses of the Department of
Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
and to install a new plant in a special brick
building placed just south of the location
where Wheeler Hall was subsequently
constructed. Here, four boilers using oil

fuel were installed, each of 108 h.p., which
supplied steam to the heating system and
to a Macintosh reciprocating engine and
generator. This plant served the institu-
tion until 1918, when an addition was
necessary to accommodate a 600 h.p.
boiler, and in 1924, a duplicate of this
larger boiler was added. During the growth
of this plant, the underground service lines
were gradually extended to the various
buildings and the coal-burning stoves for
heating actually disappeared. In 1928, the
Campus at Davis required a heating plant,
and economical consideration dictated the
removal of the four 108 h.p. boilers to that
location, since these were in excellent con-
dition but had become too small for the
Berkeley Campus.

Thus there remained in the old brick
building at Berkeley only two 600 h.p. boil-
ers. With the appearance in the Bay region
of the new and highly desirable natural gas
fuel, and because of the position and in-
adequacy of the 1200 h.p. plant, the de-
cision was made to move the two boilers to
a more appropriate location; to add two
boilers of the same general construction;
and to build a new plant to burn with equal
facility and maximum efficiency either nat-
ural gas or fuel oil. As a result, the Uni-
versity is now economically generating
steam from natural gas as fuel, in one of
the very few plants in the Bay region espe-
cially designed for that fuel; for most of
the natural gas installations are in plants
converted from oil fuel to natural gas by
installing the latter in furnaces originally
designed for oil fuel only.

A view of the new building shows a
pleasing exterior, harmonious in treatment
with the other permanent structures upon
the campus. This design is from the office
of the University Supervising Architect,
George W. Kelham. The structure pre-
sents a clear interior working space of
94 ft. in width, 74 ft. in length and 40 ft.
in height, and may be extended as needed
by adding to the 74 ft. dimension. The
parapet walls effectively screen even the
short individual boiler stacks from view;
and since, with gas fuel, no trace of smoke
is visible, many persons pass the building

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THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

without realizing the nature or purpose of
the interior equipment.

The east and west doors of the structure
give access directly to the main firing aisle
of the building, and to the single floor upon
which most of the equipment has been
placed. The natural gas fuel is delivered
into the building under 10 lbs. per square
inch gauge pressure, and requires no con-
ditioning equipment of any kind. This fuel,
therefore, is represented by no equipment
whatsoever in the auxiliary aisle.

At W in Fig. 2 are shown the three
overhead tank connections by which the
boiler feed water flows to the deaerating
heater immediately back of oil heater, b.
After being deaerated and raised in tem-
perature to approximately 225 degrees F.,
the water flows into the feed water pumps,
p, wherein the pressure is raised to ap-
proximately 200 lbs. per square inch, and
is then delivered through the connection, 0.
to the automatic feed water regulators on
the boilers. The meter shown at H records
and indicates the steam flowing to the
water heater and meter J records and indi-
cates the total feed water to the boilers.

Natural gas at 70 to 90 lbs. per square
inch gauge pressure is brought to an under-
ground metering station outside the build-
ing, where the pressure is reduced to 10
lbs., and the gas is then conveyed by ap-
propriate piping in trenches under the floor
to the main boiler control valve shown at 7
in Fig. 3. At 8 are indicated the individual
gas taps and valves supplying the burner
heads through flexible metal hose connec-
tions. Natural gas for the boiler is con-
trolled for all burners at the hand wheel of
valve 7, by which the pressure is reduced
to the range from three to eight pounds per
square inch, depending upon the boiler
load. Meter 9 indicates and records the
volume of gas being used by this boiler,
meter 10 indicates and records the flow of
feed water as controlled by the automatic
feed water regulators, and meter 1 1 indi-
cates the load, in thousands of pounds of
steam per hour, at which the boiler is oper-
ating, and it is this indicator that is used
in balancing loads between boilers, or in
carrying any given individual load.

The efficiency with which the conversion
from heat to steam takes place, of course,
depends very largely upon the accuracy of
the control of air-to-fuel ratio which the
attendant uses in the boiler furnace. If an
excess of air is used, it carries unnecessary
heat losses up the stack, whereas if too
small an amount of air is used, only part of
the fuel burns. To aid in this adjustment,
the combustion control panel shown at 12
is provided. Near the top of the panel, at
20, is the inclined draft gauge, and at 21
is the push button station by which remote
control is obtained on the speed of the in-
duced draft fan. The index of the air-to-
fuel ratio used in the furnace is plotted
continuously by the instrument 22, which
determines the percentage of carbon di-
oxide in the stack gases. With gas fuel, the
best furnace condition is usually found at
about eleven per cent carbon dioxide. It is
by the indications of this recorder that the
fireman adjusts the air vane openings and
the fan speeds to obtain the most economi-
cal combustion conditions within the fur-
nace.

Under normal operations, and with nat-
ural gas as fuel, the complete boiler per-
formance is controlled by using the equip-
ments numbered 7, 1 1 , 20, 21 and 22. Four
such control stations for the four boilers
are arranged in adjacent pairs on either
side of the center of the station firing aisle,
By this arrangement, all four boilers have
complete furnace controls and load indi-
cators mounted above a floor area about 1 8
feet square. This area is the operating cen-
ter under normal conditions. The boiler
partially shown in photograph No. 3 is one
of a pair, each having a rating of approxi-
mately 685 boiler h.p., and so installed
that 200 per cent of rating may be obtained
readilv on either natural gas or fuel oil.
This No. 1 boiler has carried the entire
campus load, when it operated at 217 per
cent of rating. The remaining pair of boil-
ers when moved from the old plant, will
have a rating of approximately 600 boiler
h.p. each. The total rating of the four
boilers is, therefore, approximately 2570
h.p., with an overhead capacity of twice
this rating.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

The requisite draft for each boiler is ob-
tained by an induced draft fan installed on
the main floor and to the rear of the boiler,
and shown in photograph No. 4. The fan
is driven through reducing gears by an
alternating current variable speed motor,
adjusted as to speed from the firing aisle
by the push button control on panel 12.
Each fan has a separate stub stack deliver-
ing the gases to a point about one foot
above the parapet wall of the building. The
boilers are not connected by a common
breeching. This is a point in design for
maximum safety against furnace explo-
sions, as there can be no ignition through a
breeching of the fuel which may inadvert-
ently leak into the furnace of an idle boiler,
such as has been known to occur when
common breechings are used with a single
fan.

The design of this boiler installation has
been kept extremely simple. As installed,
the boilers are quite high in efficiency, aver-
aging about 80 per cent at full load, and
the stack gases are then about 380° F.
temperature, whereas the steam tempera-
ture as generated is 355°, giving a terminal
difference of only about 25° between stack
temperature and steam temperature.

The saturated steam made by the boilers
at 125 lbs. per square inch gauge pressure
is collected by a 10-inch steam header loop,
the two ends of which pass through the
station floor as an eight and a ten-inch
tunnel main, at the location shown in pho-
tograph No. 5. The five valves constitute
the first of several. interconnecting stations,
allowing the campus distribution system to
be carried by sections on either the 8-inch
tunnel steam main, or the 10-inch or both.
The 6-inch condensate returns main is also
shown where it rises out of the tunnel to
deliver the condensed steam back to the
elevated storage tanks. The two recording,
integrating and indicating meters numbered
24 and 25 are respectively on the 10-inch
and the 8-inch tunnel steam mains, and
constantly record the total pounds of steam
each main delivers to the campus. This as-
sembly is so placed near the main floor
that the valves and meters are readily ac-

cessible. From this point the underground
system carries steam to all campus build-
ings. The longest transmission is through
the steam line to the International House,
which line is slightly over one mile in
length.

VALUE OF GOOD ENGINEERING
INSPECTION SERVICE

By Watson Vredenbargh

©<

OOD engineering practice has es-
tablished the necessity of the supervision of
engineering work during its entire progress.
The supervision of the manufacture of ma-
terials is as essential as that of checking the
design and the plans, or supervising the
work in the field. Such supervision is rarely
necessary as regards the management of
the manufacture. It is fair to assume that all
manufacturers operate their business with
the idea of giving good value under their
contracts, and no manufacturer could long
exist if he carried out the policy of con-
stantly and intentionally evading his con-
tract obligations. However, when the de-
tails of manufacture are considered, it
should be realized that most of it is piece
work, and is done by craftsmen who have
certain limitations to observe. They have a
personal incentive to do their work hur-
riedly and are under constant pressure of
their superiors.

It is work as done by the workmen that
requires thorough and careful inspection,
and it is fair to state that the attitude of the
managements of a great majority of manu-
facurers is to support such inspection, when
it is done by an intelligent and experienced
inspector who so adapts his inspection as to
discover the defects and errors as early in
the work as possible, and who cooperates
with the management in the output of good
work with the least expense to the manu-
facturer. The question may well be asked

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER. 1931

— What is the use of drawing plans, speci-
fications and contracts, unless steps are
taken to determine whether they are being
carried out?

An important feature of the supervision
of manufacture is the value of having a
representative at the points of manufacture
whereby the progress of the work is known
and the shipment of the finished product
can be had at the time and in the order
necessary for expeditious and economical
erection or proper use in the construction
work.

A further reason for such supervision by
inspection is in having a record whereby
the quality of material and workmanship is
attested to and may be useful in placing
the responsibility for subsequent possible
failure, or in relieving from responsibility
those interested who should properly be re-
lieved from the same. It is not inconceivable
that an engineer or architect who fails to
provide for the supervision of manufacture
or erection may be held responsible for non-
compliance with plans or specifications,
damage or loss of life resulting from any
failure at erection or thereafter in the con-
struction of buildings and bridges, and the
construction or operation of railroads, pub-
lic service works and manufacturing plants.
Functions of Inspecting Engineer

Supervision of the manufacture may be
made by employees of an engineer or archi-
tect or by the employment of inspecting
engineers who make a specialty of such
work. The reasons for the existence of the
latter are primarily that the manufacture of
materials is conducted at various points and
in progress at the same time, and frequent-
ly intermittent. If an engineer or architect
uses his own employees for this work, it is
essential that several or more men be em-
ployed; and there is, consequently, much
waste of time and of traveling expenses.
To meet this situation, the independent in-
specting engineer establishes an organiza-
tion of experienced men who are perma-
nently located at the various manufacturing
centers, and, by competent supervision of
their work, makes use of their time over a

number of contracts, thereby tending to
efficiency and economy. Such a concern,
presumably, has a wide knowledge of shop
methods and from experience is able to
handle the defects arising during manufac-
ture with some advantage of practical
knowledge, and has personal acquaintance
and constant business relations with the
shop management.

The fact that inspection is not insurance
should be appreciated. The inspector is not
responsible for the design, specifications,
sufficiency of tests, or the plant manage-
ment, but is an expert witness whose duty
it is to see and report conditions and to
conduct supervision in such a manner as to
improve the character of the materials and
workmanship, and give an accurate record
thereof. The responsibility for compliance
with plans and specifications and general
good practice rests primarily with the man-
ufacturer. The responsibility of an inspec-
tor is for intelligent and faithful supervision
and accurate record, in accordance with
the established and specified practice of
tests and standards of workmanship.

The position of the inspector is that of
a representative of the owner employed
through and in conjunction with, the engi-
neer or architect, duly appointed as repre-
sentative of the owner. If inspecting engi-
neers have charge of the work, they are
associates of the engineer or architect in
something of a professional capacity. In
either case the quality of inspection is evi-
dently dependent, as is all professional
work, upon the experience and number of
men on the work; and it is unavoidable that
this arrangement is dependent upon the
compensation allowed.
Quality of Inspection

From the above it will be recognized that
the quality of inspection must, according to
the rule that applies to all business, be in
direct proportion to the compensation. To
be of genuine value, inspection must be
constant, intelligent, and complete. A final
inspection may determine the satisfactory
compliance with the contract, but cannot,
generally, secure the satisfactory correction

[Please turn to Page 72]

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS VIEW MODELS OF
SAN FRANCISCO BAY BRIDGE

by FRED'K. W. JONES

_IL Ml EARLY one hundred members of
the Structural Engineers Association of
Northern California and invited guests,
viewed the models of the proposed San

from his place at the table and announce
his full name and business, or professional
connection. This unique procedure contri-
buted greatly to the success of the affair
and its effect was spontaneous in making
everyone feel at ease.

Several short talks on the progress that
has been made to date on the Bay Bridge
plans and models were given and these in-

CROSS SECTION WEST BAY SPAN, SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLAND BAY BRIDGE
Department of Public Works, State of California

Francisco - Oakland Bay Bridge at the
University of California, Berkeley, Tues-
day evening, November 17th. Before vis-
iting the Engineering Materials Labora-
tory where the models are, the members
partook of a dinner at the International
House. H. J. Brunnier, President of the
Association, presided. Departing from the
usual custom of getting acquainted at ban-
quets of this type, Mr. Brunnier called
upon each member and each guest to rise

troductory remarks prepared the way for
a better appreciation and understanding of
the model work viewed later on. Charles
E. Andrew, Department Bridge Engineer,
outlined some of the general features of
the bridge and Glenn B. Woodruff, in
charge of the design, discussed some of
the more difficult problems connected with
this feature of the structure. Professor R.
E. Davis gave a general description of the
models and complimented Professor

George E. Beggs of Princeton University
who had charge of the modeling.

The use of models for architectural
work, and hydraulic experiments has been
followed for a number of years, but struc-
tural models are comparatively new and it
is the opinion of leading engineers that the
profession is on the eve of a new era in
model design. This refers to structures of
considerable magnitude and great cost.

Before viewing the models in the Engi-
neers' Building, several short talks were
given, followed by a general discussion.
R. A. Tudor spoke upon the value of
models in structural design and gave his
conclusions regarding the use of same. L.
A. Ledgett spoke on the details of the
models and L. M. Roberts discussed the
construction and erection methods. A short
description of the instruments used in
making load tests and stresses was given
by P. M. Fletcher and a complete sum-
mary of the model test to date was illus-
trated with lantern slides by H. E. Davis.

The models show a bridge of the sus-
pension type between San Francisco and
Yerba Buena Island and a cantilever struc-
ture and fixed spans between the Island
and the mainland of Oakland. The cost
of the bridge is expected to be within the
original estimate made by the State Engi-
neering Department of $75,000,000. There
are now about 54 engineers engaged in
work on the project, including men of ex-
ceptional ability. Local engineers have
been employed as far as possible with the
result that out of some 54 employees only
four are from without California. The de-
signing force will be gradually recruited
to a personnel of from 60 to 65.

The Consulting Board has approved the
general cross sections of the bridge and
required traffic capacity, consisting of a
double decked structure with six lanes of
auto traffic on the upper deck, and three
lanes for auto trucks and two electric in-
ter-urban tracks on the lower deck.

The consulting board is composed of
Ralph Modjeska of New York City, chair-

man; Daniel E. Moran of Moran & Proc-
tor, Leon Moisseiff, consulting structural
engineer, Professor Charles Derleth of the
University of California and H. }. Brun-
nier, C. E., of San Francisco.

VALUE OF GOOD ENGINEERING
INSPECTION SERVICE

[Continued from Page 70]

of errors, and certainly cannot prevent
them or tend to the improvement of the
work. The tests of quality of inspection are
the experience of the man directly on the
work, the time spent on it, and the quality
of the final record. These tests apply equal-
ly to the work of direct employees and to
that of inspecting engineers. The latter may
properly make a profit from the favorable
combination of work at rolling mills and
fabricating plants or manufacturing shops,
and from the saving of time and traveling
expenses; but any profit from the neglect
of work by insufficient attention or from
the employment of underpaid employees is
improper.

The architect and engineer, if he desires
to secure the best inspection by inspecting
engineers, should consider the experience
and reputation of the firm with whom he
proposes to deal, should know the experi-
ence of the men to be employed upon the
work, and should critically examine the
character of the record furnished him. He
may properly demand information as to the
time of the man employed upon the work.

Records covering a large volume of im-
portant inspection service are replete with
examples of valuable results accomplished.

Methods of Payment

The usual method of payment of inspec-
tion services when done by inspecting engi-
neers is at a unit price. This always should
be per unit of material or workmanship in-
spected and not per unit accepted, for the
reason that it is undesirable to put a pre-
mium upon the acceptance of work which
may be defective or doubtful. With knowl-
edge as to the quality of inspection, as

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

DECEMBER, 1931

noted above, the method of payment by unit
inspected is satisfactory; but if an engineer
or architect is doubtful as to the character
of the work that is to be done, he may ar-
range his terms on a basis of the cost of the
actual time of the man employed on the
work, plus a percentage to the inspecting
engineers for organization and supervision.
The last course he should take is the plac-
ing of inspection work under competition
to the lowest bidder. Such a course must
mean not only his willingness but his de-
mand for the least attention by the lowest
salaried men available. A moment's consid-
eration will convince any one that the pro-
portion of profit to inspectors must remain
the same or increase, whereas the propor-
tion of loyalty and conscience must di-
minish.

Payment for inspection of building mate-
rials is not a part of the obligation of the
engineer or architect, but is that of the
owner. The strong engineer or architect
will not evade this question, but will either
demand that the owner make such provis-
ion and leave the engineer or architect the
right to choose his associates; or he will
provide in the specifications that the inspec-
tion shall be paid for by the contractor as a
part of his work and a direct charge against
the owner, but shall be arranged for by the
engineer or architect at a specified price,
and that the inspectors shall be responsible
solely to the engineer or architect repre-
senting the owner.

The arrangement whereby the general
contractor or the manufacturing contractor
is permitted to bargain for inspection ser-
vice is fundamentally unsound and should
positively be avoided. Such a method is an
invitation for the cheapest service and nat-
urally directs a division of responsibility to
where it does not belong. Where the speci-
fications provide for the character of and
payment for inspection, all contractors are
placed on an equal basis of figuring for this
item, and, it being a direct charge against
the owner, no contractor should be per-
mitted to bargain for a profit from this item
of the contract.

A TRIP TO TWAIN'S RENDEZVOUS
The country made famous by Mark Twain and
his jumping frog, the country, too, that once
yielded a wealth of gold, was visited the week
end of November 22 by thirty pleasure-seeking
members of the San Francisco Architectural Club.
Their real objective point was the plant of the
Calaveras Cement Company at San Andreas —
the plant that supplied all of the cement for the
Pardee and Calaveras dams. In spite of the

SNAP-SHOT OF SAN FRANCISCO ARCHITECTUR-
AL CLUB MEMBERS ON A WEEK-END VISIT TO
CALAVERAS CEMENT PLANT

inclement weather the boys were shown the
"works," from the gathering of deposits used in
the making of cement, to shipment in self clos-
ing sacks. The new plastic early-hardening
tests were also explained, and then the visit-
ors were dined at the Kentucky House, with
Messrs. Jellick, Vaughn and Baumgartner acting
as hosts. Wong, the company's famous chef, was
in charge of the menu which included delicious
fried chicken and all the trimmings, prepared in
Wong's own inimitable way. Dinner over, games
were enjoyed until a late hour. The party were
guests over night, returning home late on Sunday.
Moved, seconded and carried without a dis-
senting vote, that the affair was a most enjoyable
one — long to be remembered as an event in the
1931 history of the S. F. A. C.

SCHOOL ADDITION
A. M. Edelman and A. C. Zimmerman, 824
H. W. Hellman Building, have been commis-
sioned by the Los Angeles board of education to
prepare plans for an eight-unit addition to be
erected at the 74th Street school, 2132 W. 74th
Street. Los Angeles.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

DECEMBER, 1931

The ARCHITECT'S

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS

VIEWPOINT

Clarence R. Ward . . . San Francisco

' More Anent the Government in the
Architectural Business

Carleton M. Winslow . Los Angeles
Harold W. Doty . . . Portland, Ore.

f Quality of Our Architects is Improving

Charles H. Alden . . Seattle, Wash.

f Make the Schools More Homelike

IffitwPlllN September 12th a conference was held in Spokane, Washington, for the
discussion of the question that has been of much importance in construction
circles during the past year, namely, "The Government in the Architectural
Business". The writer attended this meeting and felt, upon conclusion, as un-

questionably all present felt, that it was a highly successful affair.

The meeting was organized and made possible through the very effective effort
of the Construction and Industries Committee of the Spokane Chamber of Commerce,
Mr. J. I. Kinman, chairman.

One of the significant facts observed at this particular gathering was the interest
taken in the subject under consideration by the several senators and congressmen
present; that is, interest in the welfare of the private architect, the local contractor and
the material dealer.

The opinion expressed unanimously by the speakers was one heartily in favor of
the use of local talent and local materials. It was certainly pleasing for those within
the industry to note the emphatic feeling expressed by these men, and to know that
their attitude was so heartily sympathetic.

This Spokane meeting was one of many held in various parts of the country to dis-
cuss this subject. The start has been made, may we not fail to carry on.

ROOF that our most capable architects are men in private practice is not diffi-
cult to find. In almost every large center in the United States, or in any coun-
try for that matter, the finest structures are the work of men in private practice.

The buildings designed in the bureaus in Washington are unquestionably above
the average in quality (they should be for their per cubic foot cost is ample) but sel-
dom are they outstanding. How much more our public buildings would mean to our
people if they possessed more of the local atmosphere, contained materials native to
the locality, and were truly the product of the handiwork of our own citizenry.

The city hall in Stockholm is known throughout the world. It has a character
that is not alone national, but is full of local sentiment. This sentiment in no way in-
terferes with its proper functioning. The townspeople have an unusual pride in the
possession of this, their own building.

The people of Europe, and especially those of northern Europe, must feel keenly
and regard as highly important, their local traditions. A condition such as we have
with our government doing the designing of public buildings by formula would be
looked upon with great disfavor. There is much that these people do which we could
and should emulate.

It would seem that in an age when changes are made so rapidly, and knowledge
is so universal, or at least so easily available, that we would not have to be forever

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

DECEMBER. 1931

saying, "Oh, but this is such a very new country". If we could but profit by the ex-
perience of the more enlightened, real pro gress would then take place in all things, es-
pecially in civic improvement.

Why is it that beauty consciousness in our people has not grown equally with
our scientific and mechanical knowledge? As far as architecture is concerned, some
men claim the fault lies with the architects themselves, while others contend the prob-
lem is a lack of public good taste. Undoubtedly it is both.

NATIONALLY known architect said recently at a meeting, that although the

quality of our architects had improved greatly in the last decade, there are, nev-
ertheless, a vast number who are not wort hy of the title. The various state examin-
ing boards are created to help this condition, though the process is necessarily a
long one.

Then what about the other phase of the dilemma — the unenlightened public? Are
present day children to become like their parents, adults who have so little aesthetic
feeling or discernment that they cannot select a decently designed piece of furniture
for their homes? Will they value comfort and convenience less than a gilded lily? It
is true that this is a real task to find the decent chair. However, the furniture dealer's
answer is "We do not stock the thing you describe, there is no demand for it." The
architects must start an educational campaign in the schools — this is of greatest im-
portance.

We must convince most school boards and many architects that the schools them-
selves must have a high degree of beauty. The desirable quality is not to be the same
impressive grandeur of a city hall, or a monolithic concrete Parthenon, but a charm-
ing, intimate, friendly beauty. Qualities which have a meaning to the child are the
sought for qualities.

Why should not the schools be a little bit homelike, for after all the youngsters
spend a great part of their lives in them. These are perhaps the most impressive years
of their lives. They can be so designed, for there are several such in California.

The prominent architect mentioned above also said that, "We have talking arch-
itects and doing architects". It is a sincere hope that sounding off in this column oc-
casionally will not place one in the first group. God forbid!

* * *

URING the last two or three years, most of our architects have had a greater
amount of time which could be devoted to thought and meditation concerning the

past, the present, and the future of their profession. Please note the avoidance of the
word "depression" in the foregoing sentence. Nevertheless, we have meditated a great
deal.

Most of these architect philosophers have already stated that architecture is in a
state of flux with the outcome somewhat in doubt. It will be most interesting to note,
perhaps ten years hence, how the pendulum has swung, or in which direction it is
swinging.

Judging the state of affairs in pure design at this moment, current thought is of a
widely divergent opinion. On one extreme we have the picturesque antiquarians, who
are bound to neither land nor time, while on the other are the exponents of more and
better uses for gas pipe. It is difficult to make a choice between these two extremes. No
one can say with authority that either is preferable to the other.

After studying the labored and affected efforts to be Norman farmhouse circa
1640 A. D., oil burner and bathroom fittings excepted, one comes upon the cantilever
slab and pipe post with a sigh of relief. However, this gladness is but temporary, for it
is so difficult to visualize a plain American citizen domiciled in this immobile Pullman
coach, with gondola attachment. Please don't be misled, we are not worried — we are
just meditating. HAROLD W. DOTY, A. I. A.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

w\ln t£e ar^hiTecTj

THE SANTA BARBARA COMPETITION

The Plans and Planting branch of the Com-
munity Arts Association, through its vice-chair-
man, John Frederic Murphy, has announced that
drawings made for the proposed Roadside com-
mercial group competition, the program of which
was published in the October issue of this maga-
zine, may be resubmitted when sufficient funds
have been raised to make the competition possi-
ble. Requirements for drawings will not be
changed when the program is finally submitted,
according to Mr. Murphy. Special notices will be
sent to individuals whose addresses have been
secured from drawings heretofore submitted, and
the competition will be advertised through all
possible channels.

COLUMBUS MEMORIAL ARCHITECT

J. L. Gleave of England has been selected as
architect for the proposed Columbus Memorial
Lighthouse to be erected by the Dominican gov-
ernment to mark the first landing place of Chris-
topher Columbus in the western hemisphere.

Announcement of the selection was made at a
recent meeting of the governing board of the Pan
American Union at Washington.

Selection of an architect was made by a world-
wide competition conducted in two stages, the
drawings submitted being judged by an inter-
national jury. The next step will be the raising of
funds to build the lighthouse.

GRANTED CERTIFICATES
The California State Board of Architectural
Examiners, Southern District, granted provisional
certificates on October 27 to the following:
Georgius Young Cannon, 1208 N. Garfield Ave.,
Pasadena; Harold Alfred Edmonson, 228 S. Nor-
mandie Ave., Los Angeles; Howard George El-
well, 6211 Vinevale, Bell; James R. Friend, 343
Temple Ave., Long Beach; Melvin N. Gaflough,
624 N. Plymouth Blvd., Los Angeles; Cassatt
Davis Griffin, 1709 W. 25th St., Los Angeles;
Wayman Francis Parsons, 8 Gibson-Drexler
Building. Santa Maria.

SAN MATEO STORE BUILDING
Bertz, Winter & Maury, 210 Post Street, San
Francisco, have completed plans and a contract
has been awarded to G. P. W. Jensen, for the
construction of a two story and basement rein-
forced concrete store and loft building on 3rd
Avenue, San Mateo. The owners are Stelling
and Gould of San Francisco, who intend to im-
prove other property in the same city when leases
have been closed.

TO HAVE NEW QUARTERS
The L. H. Bennett Company, Ltd.. distributors
for General Electric refrigeration, are having ex-
tensive alterations made to the Kittredge Build-
ing, on the southwest corner of Sutter and Stock-
ton Streets, San Francisco, which will become the
company's headquarters. Plans for the alteration
work were prepared by F. Eugene Barton, archi-
tect, Crocker Building, San Francisco.

LOS ANGELES WAREHOUSE
Messrs. Couchot, Rosenwald & Roeth. 525
Market Street, San Francisco, have completed
plans and a contract has been awarded to the
Clinton Construction Company for a one story,
steel frame and brick warehouse on East Ver-
mont Avenue, Los Angeles, for the Safeway
Stores, Inc. The building will be 326x155 feet
and will cost in excess of $100,000.

TO BUILD TRANSIT SHED
The Oakland Port Commission will start con-
struction in January of an extension to No. 2
transit shed, foot of 14th Street, Outer Harbor
of the City of Oakland. The plans for a build-
ing, 180x360 feet, are being completed by the
drafting department of the Port Commission. An
estimate of $100,000 has been placed on the cost
of the work.

BEVERLY HILLS FIRE STATION
Plans have been completed for a $50,000 build-
ing for the Beverly Hills fire department. The
architects are Koerner & Gage, 468 North Cam-
den Drive, Beverly Hills.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

UNIVERSITY GYMNASIUM
Construction has been started on the new gym-
nasium at the University of California. Berkeley,
from plans by George W. Kelham. The Din-
widdie Construction Company was awarded the
contract, being given a preference of $3000 over
the low bidder whose bid failed to comply with
the conditions prescribed by the Regents. The
Judson Pacific Company will furnish the structural
steel of which there will be approximately 1000
tons.

FABRE & HILDEBRAND BUSY
New work in the office of Fabre & Hildebrand.
architects, San Francisco, includes the reconstruc-
tion of a winter garden dance hall at Modesto,
which was recently gutted by fire. The firm has
also completed plans for an $8000 residence at
17th and Ord Streets, San Francisco, and for
which a contract has been awarded to William
Mcintosh.

TELEPHONE EXCHANGE
Contracts have been awarded to McDonald
£> Kahn, San Francisco, for a two story Class A
telephone exchange building to be built on the
southeast corner of Pine and Steiner Streets. San
Francisco, for the Pacific Telephone & Telegraph
Company. More than $200,000 will be expended
on the improvements.

MONTEREY POST OFFFICE
The Federal Government has approved pre-
liminary plans by W. O. Raiguel of Del Monte
for a post office building at Monterey. The de-
sign is old Monterey type, of reinforced concrete
and tile roof. The appropriation for the building
is $150,000.

SONOMA THEATER
Reid Brothers, architects, of San Francisco,
have completed plans for a one story steel frame
and concrete moving picture theater to be built
at Sonoma for Samuel Sebastiani. The auditor-
ium will seat five hundred and the building will
cost $50,000.

SEATTLE ART MUSEUM
Messrs. Bebb S Gould, Seattle, are the archi-
tects for an art museum in Volunteer Park. Se-
attle, to cost $250,000. Funds were donated by
Richard E. and Margaret Fuller.

ABOUT CANCELLED LICENSES
Albert J. Evers, President of the Northern
District, California State Board of Architectural
Examiners, states that in answer to an Oakland
subscriber in the November issue of The Archi-
tect and Engineer, an architect whose license
has been cancelled for failure to pay his fee, may
apply to the Board for a new license and his ap-
plication will be given consideration. If his record
in the past has been satisfactory, a new examina-
tion will not be necessary except that he will
be asked to pass a general oral test. Once a license
is revoked that license cannot be renewed, but a
new license may be issued if. in the opinion of the
members of the board, the applicant is worthy
of same.

An instance of where an architect previously in
good standing neglected to pay his license fee on
account of absence from the city, with the result
that his license was cancelled was cited by Mr.
Evers who explained that the board required him
to take an oral examination before granting him
a new certificate.

John J. Donovan states that the members of the
board are ever ready to lend a sympathetic ear
to an architect who has encountered difficulties
such as experienced by the Oakland architect.

PERSONALS

An office for the general practice of architecture
was opened in Wenatchee recently by John W.
Maloney. A. I. A., and Wallace W. MacDonald.
who has been in Mr. Maloney's Yakima office the
last year and a half.

Earl W. Morrison, architect, has moved his
office and staff to new quarters on the 1 7th floor
of the Textile Tower, Seattle. The staff consists
of Bert Booth and Harry Myers, draftsmen, and
Mrs. Genevieve Moore, secretary. Mr. Booth re-
cently returned from a three weeks' vacation spent
in California, mostly at Carmel-by-the-Sea.

Floyd A. Naramore. Seattle school architect,
has moved his office into the suite occupied by
Schack and Young, 511 Central Building. He pre-
viously occupied a suite on the sixth floor under
the firm name of Naramore and Menke.

GRANTED CERTIFICATE TO PRACTICE
Rolf M. Eskil, of Carmel, has been granted
a provisional certificate to practice architecture
by the Northern District. California State Board
of Architectural Examiners.

the architect and engineer

december, 1931

DOUBLE-DECK ELEVATORS PAVE WAY
FOR HIGHER BUILDINGS

OR the first time in the history of building
construction double-deck elevators have
been installed in a skyscraper. The building in
question is the new 67-story home of the Henry
L. Doherty and Cities Service Companies at
Cedar, Pine and Pearl Streets, in the heart of
New York's downtown financial district. This
forward step in vertical transportation, at last
permitted by special provision in the new elevator
code, has long been awaited by the industry as
the solution to the problem of tall building eco-
nomics.

The strict zoning laws in New York and other
large cities often reduce tower areas to such an
extent that one of two equally undesirable alter-
natives is the result: either the elevators require
so much floor area that adequate rentable space
cannot be obtained on the tower floors, or the
number of elevators is reduced at the expense of
good service. It had long been felt by architects
and engineers that increasing the handling ca-
pacity of an elevator shaft was the only way out
of the difficulty. Experiments in double-deck ele-
vatoring have been in progress for the last few
years, simultaneously with the movement to have
the code revised to permit that type of installa-
tion.

In the Cities Service Building eight high-rise,
double-deck Otis elevators will serve all floors
from the 29th to the 63rd, the lower floors being
served by seven cars running from the 16th to
the 29th, and the remaining lower floors by eight
others. In addition, another innovation in office
building transportation has been installed — esca-
lators to handle the rush-hour crowds between
the 6th floor and the basement.

The double-deck elevator consists of two sepa-
rate compartments mounted in a single car frame,
or more simply a two-story car. It will be driven
by a single hoisting engine, and controlled basic-
ally in the same manner as the standard signal
control elevator. Both compartments are loaded
at the same time, one from the ground floor, and
the upper one from the first floor. Passengers are
discharged at the upper floors at the same time,
one compartment serving only the odd or even-

DOUBLE COMPARTMENT ELEVATOR ASSEMBLY
WITH PHANTOM CORRIDOR WALLS

numbered floors, and the other only the alternate
floors.

Each compartment has a capacity of 2500
pounds, each is equipped with the standard signal
control operating devices, and each is operated by
an attendant. Trap doors are installed to permit
emergency access between compartments, and
speaking tubes are provided for easy communi-
cation between compartments. During the night,
when transportation requirements are reduced to
almost nothing, a single remote-control switch
will permit all double-deck elevators to be run as
single decks. At such times, all operating devices
are effective from one compartment only.

Obviously, special operating devices were re-
quired to coordinate the starting and stopping
movements of the two cabs. The elevator will
start only when the operating handles of both
compartments are in the full "start" position and
all car and hatchway doors are closed. By the
same automatic devices which stop single-deck
cars at floor level, the floors of both cabs will stop
level with the desired floors in the double-deck
system. The doors of both cabs will not open,
however, unless calls have been registered for
both floors at which the car stops. For instance,
if the button for the 48th floor has been pushed,
and the button for the 49th floor has not been
pushed, only the door of the lower cab will open
when the car stops at these levels.

If, however, the hall button for the 49th floor
is pushed before the operating handle in the lower
compartment has been set in the full start posi-
tion, the hall light on the 49th floor will light
immediately, and the doors of the upper compart-
ment will open. If the start has been initiated be-
fore the button on the 49th floor has been pushed,
the call will be transferred to the next elevator
approaching the floor in the desired direction.

To keep the operators of each cab informed
about the activities in the other cab, a door pilot
light is provided in the operating box of each
compartment. The light is illuminated when the
doors of the other cab are open, and is extin-
guished when they start to close. The timing de-
vices for these coordinating movements have been
perfected to such an extent that there is no possi-
bility of accident from open doors. As an addi-

tional precaution, a car safety switch has been
installed in both compartments, operating of which
immediately stops the elevator.

The frame supporting both compartments has
an over-all height of 25 feet. Any one of the
eight special steel traction hoisting ropes is more
than capable of carrying the combined weight of
both compartments, each carrying its full-rated
load of 2500 pounds plus the weight of the frame.
Clamp car safeties, consisting of two sets of pow-
erful rail-gripping jaws, are mounted at both the
top and bottom of the car-safety frame.

Apart from the engineering achievement which
has been accomplished by the Otis Elevator Com-
pany in perfecting the double-deck elevator, the
successful operation of the system in the Cities
Service Building will have a tremendous influence
upon tall building design and construction. In this
particular building, before the elevator code had
been revised, it was deemed necessary to install
fourteen single-deck elevators to serve the floors
which will be served by the eight double-deck
elevators. When it is considered that each shaft
requires approximately 50 square feet of space on
every floor, and that fourteen shafts would have
to run from the ground floor to the top of the
building, it will be seen what a tremedous saving
of valuable floor space was afforded by the in-
stallation. Eight less shafts, fifty square feet each,
sixty stories — the result is a saving of 24,000
square feet. The probable increased revenue, on
the current basis in the new buildings in the
financial district, $3.50 per square foot, would be
$84,000.

It is interesting to note that this remarkable
development in elevator engineering has been
sponsored by the same company which nearly
eighty years ago startled the world with the first
power-driven elevator of any type. It was at the
Crystal Palace Industrial Exposition in New York
in 1853 that Elisha Graves Otis astonished his
countrymen with his "contraption." Now the Otis
Elevator Company has sponsored the most ad-
vanced step in the science of elevatoring since
that time.

The architects for the Cities Service Building
were Clinton & Russell, and Holton & George.
James Stewart & Company were the builders.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
DECEMBER, 1931

Bmencan institute of Hrcbttects

(Organized 1857)
Northern California Chapter

President Henry H. Gutterson

Vice-President Albert J. Evers

Secretary-Treasurer .... Jas. H. Mitchell

Directors

John J. Donovan Harris C. Allen Lester Hurd

Fred'k. H. Meyer G. F. Ashley Berge M. Clarke

Southern California Chapter, Los Angeles

President Harold C. Chambers

Vice-President .... Carleton M. Winslow

Secretary H. Roy Kelley

Treasurer Palmer Sabin

Directors

Gordon B. Kaufmann Wm. Richards Eugene Weston, Jr.

J. E. Allison

Santa Barbara Chapter

President Russel Ray

Vice-President Harold Burket

Secretary E. Keith Lockard

Treasurer Leonard A. Cooke

Oregon Chapter, Portland

President Harold W. Doty

Vice-President Fred Aandahl

Secretary W. H. Crowell

Treasurer Harry A. Herzog

Trustees
A. Glenn Stanton, Jamieson Parker, William Holford

Washington State Chapter, Seattle

President Roland E. Borhek

First Vice-President J. Lister Holmes

Second Vice-President . . Stanley A. Smith

Third Vice-President . . . . F. Stanley Piper

Secretary Lance E. Gowen

Treasurer Albert M. Allen

Executive Board
Harlan Thomas Clyde Grainger Arthur P. Herrman

San Diego Chapter

President Wm. Templeton Johnson

Vice-President Robert W. Snyder

Secretary C. H. Mills

Treasurer Ray Alderson

Directors
Louis J. Gill Hammond W. Whitsitt

J»an Jfrancigco Hrdutectural Club

130 Kearny Street

President Ira H. Springer

Vice-President C. Jefferson Sly

Secretary Donnell Jaekle

Executive Secretary F. M. Sanderson

Treasurer S. C. Leonhaeuser

Directors
William E. Mooney Waldon B. Rue William Helm

TLq& Angeleg Brcfntectural Club

President Sumner Spaulding

Vice-Presidents:

Fitch Haskell, Ralph Flewelling, Luis Payo

Treasurer Kemper Nomland

Secretary Rene Mussa

Directors

Tyler McWhorter J. E. Stanton Robt. Lockwood

Manager, George P. Hales

Wtttynqton <£tate ^octetp of Hrcfjitects

President John S. Hudson

First Vice-President R. M. Thorne

Second Vice-President .... Julius A. Zittle
Third Vice-President .... Stanley A. Smith
Fourth Vice-President .... W. W. Durham

Secretary O. F. Nelson

Treasurer H. G Hammond

Trustees
E. Glen Morgan Theobald Buchinger

H. H. James Wm. J. Jones

^octetp of Blameba Count? ^reinfects

President William E. Schirmer

Vice-President Morton Williams

Secretary-Treasurer W. R. Yelland

Directors
W. G. Corlett J. J. Donovan

W. R. Yelland Jas. T Narbitt

Sorietn of Sacramento Urcfjitects

President William E. Schirmer

Vice-President Morton Williams

Secretary-Treasurer W. R. Yelland

Hong 2faacf) Architectural Club

President Hugh R. Da vies

Vice-President Cecil Schilling

Secretary and Treasurer . . . Joseph H. Roberts

rPaaabena Architectural €lub

President Edward Mussa

Vice-President Richard W. Ware

Secretary Roy Parkes

Treasurer Arthur E. Fisk

Executive Committee
Mark W. Ellsworth Edwin L. Westberg Orrin F. Stone

State Aaaoriattnn GkUtorma Arritttrrta

President Albert J. Evers. San Francisco

Vice-President . . . Robert H. Orr, Los Angeles

Secretary A. M. Edelman. Los Angeles

Treasurer .... W. I. Garren, San Francisco

Executive Board (Northern Section)

Albert J. Evers H. C. Allen Chester H. Miller

W. I. Garren

Robert H. Orr

(Southern Section)

Louis J. Gill

Harold Burkett

A. M. Edelman

Directors (Northern Section)
Henry Collins, Palo Alto; Ernest Norberg, San Mateo:
Henry H. Gutterson, San Francisco; L. C. Perry, Vallejo.

Directors (Southern Section)
R. D. King, Santa Monica; Everett Parks, Anaheim;
J. A. Murray, Hollywood; Herbert J. Mann, San Diego.

San St>ga ana Jmperial (Eountu Snrietu

State Association of California Architects

537 Spreckels Theater Building,
San Diego, Calif.

President Herbert J. Mann

Vice-President Eugene Hoffman

Secretary-Treasurer .... Robert R. Curtis

Executive Board

Herbert J. Mann Eugene Hoffman Robert R. Curtis

Louis J. Gill William P. Lodge

Ways and Means Committee

Robert Halley, Jr. Frank L. Hope, Jr.

Hammond W. Whitsitt

The Architect and Engineer, November. 1931

American Society Hanbsicape Brcfjtterta

Pacific Coast Chapter

President George Gibbs

Vice-President L. Deming Tilton

Secretary Professor J. W. Gregg

Treasurer Chas. H. Diggs

Members Executive Committee
Ralph D. Cornell Geo. D. Hall

^rcfjitects; lleague of ^ollptoooo

6520 Sunset Boulevard

Hollywood, California

President L. G. Scherer

Vice-President Verner McClurg

Secretary-Treasurer J. A. Murrey

Directors

Ralph Flewelling, M. L. Barker, James T. Handley,

Donald F. Shugart and John Roth

Hrcfntectural examiners

Northern District

Pheian Building, San Francisco

President - - Albert J. Evers

Secretary Henry H. Gutterson

Members
Warren C. Perry Frederick H. Meyer C. J. Ryland

Southern District

1124 Associated Realty Building, Los Angeles

President John C. Austin

Secretary and Treasurer . . . A. M. Edelman

Members
John Parkinson Louis J. Gill H. C. Chambers

§£>tate poarb of engineer examiners

President H. J. Brunnier, San Francisco

Vice-President . . . Donald M. Baker, Los Angeles

Secretary Albert Givan, Sacramento

Ass't Secretary . . . Ralph J. Reed, Los Angeles

£>trurtm*al lEnginwra Aaaoriation

of Northern California

President H. J. Brunnier

Vice-President C. H. Snyder

Secretary-Treasurer A. B. Saph, Jr.

Board of Directors

Walter Huber A. B. Saph, Jr. H. J. Brunnier

C. H. Snyder Harold B. Hammill

STATE BOARD ACTIVE
Ray Coney and Marcell Marquis were found
guilty of practicing architecture in California
without a license in violation of the state law
regulating the practice of architecture, according
to a statement issued by H. H. Gutterson, secre-
tary of the State Board of Architectural Examin-
ers. The case was heard by Judge Clark at
Pleasanton, Alameda county. The defendants as
representatives of Melrose Steel Company, were
also held to answer to the superior court by Judge
J. J. Allen on a charge of conspiracy to defraud
in connection with contracts for a number of oil
service stations. The cases were prosecuted by
Assistant District Attorney Harry E. Styles, the
state being represented by H. E. Bolton.

HIGHWAY TUNNEL PLAN
Preliminary drawings have been completed by
County Engineers George A. Posey, Oakland,
and R. R. Arnold, Martinez, for a reinforced con-
crete tunnel 3184 feet long from the foot of
Broadway, Oakland, into Contra Costa County.
This bore will do away with the old wooden tun-
nel which joins the two counties at the end of
Tunnel Road. The estimated cost of the bore
is $4,497,000.00 and the financing is expected to
be accomplished by the issuance of revenue bonds
and the state gasoline tax. An effort will be
made to start on the Oakland end of the tunnel
early the coming year, as a special relief measure
for the unemployed.

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Preliminary plans have been taken for the
formation of a Junior High School District at
Niles, California. The District would include
Washington, Pleasanton, Murray and Eden town-
ships. W. H. Ford of the Niles Sand & Gravel
Company has offered to contribute $100,000 to-
ward a $250,000 high school plant.

FREE HAND DECORATING
All of the free hand decorating in the E. J.
Sweetland house illustrated in The Architect
and Engineer in the November issue, was exe-
cuted by Frank W. Bergman, 293 Corbett Street,
San Francisco. Mr. Bergman's contract included
stenciling all of the hall ceilings and some ingen-
ius modernistic figures in the bath rooms.

SAN MATEO COUNTY BUILDING
Three houses are under construction in San
Mateo County by the George W. Williams
Company, Ltd. One is in Hillsborough for Wil-
son H. Bennett and two are in Burlingame.

The Architect and Engineer. December, 1931

JOCIETY^ CLVb MEETINGS

WASHINGTON STATE CHAPTER
Twenty-four members of the Washington
State Chapter of the American Institute of Archi-
tects were guests of the faculty and students of
the department of architecture of the University
of Washington, Seattle, November 5th. In place
of the annual banquet, members and students had
dinner together at the Pine Tree Inn in the Shop-
ping Tower. Roland E. Borhek of Tacoma pre-
sided.

The proposed Seattle city ordinance for levying
fees for building permits was vigorously con-
demned. Mr. Gowen gave a professional descrip-
tion of the strange Angkor Temple in Cambodia.
He also read the proceedings of the construction
industry committee of the Spokane Chamber of
Commerce in conference with Robert D. Kohn of
New York City, president of the A. I. A.

The secretary read a letter from Philip Tindall.
president of the Seattle City Council, requesting
the appointment of a representative from the
Chapter to serve on an advisory committee rela-
tive to a statue under consideration for a war
monument for Seattle. This was referred to the
Civic Design Committee.

Other business before the meeting included
proposals for committees from the Chapter to act
with similar committees from the State Society
for the consideration of the program for unifica-
tion of the profession and for co-ordination with
the building industry, as suggested at the meeting
with President Kohn on the evening of October
22. For unification, the appointment of the com-
mittee was left to the president; and for co-op-
eration with industry, it was voted to have the
Building Industry Contact Committee of the
Chapter designate a suitable sub-committee.

The president then announced that he had a
pleasant duty to perform in providing for the
award of the clay products trophy to the win-
ner of the 1931 Chapter golf tournament. W. J.
Howard, representing the Pacific Northwest Brick
and Tile Association, was called upon to make
the presentation, which he did in an able man-
ner, calling attention to the bitter struggle be-
tween the winner. William Aitken. and the run-
ner-up, F. A. Naramore, the contest being de-
cided at the 19th hole. Mr. Aitken received the
trophy with some appropriate words in response.

A report was made by Mr. Hermann on the

proposed Chapter meeting at the University to
the effect that such a meeting was desired by the
students but it appeared impossible to have it
prior to January 1 . After some discussion it was
decided to combine this meeting at the Univers-
ity with the Chapter's annual meeting, the event
to be some time in January.

President Borhek then spoke of the campaign
to de-centralize Federal architectural work and
expressed his belief that a change in government
procedure should be vigorously urged on our
senators and representatives in Congress. After
some discussion it was voted that a copy of the
resolutions passed at the joint meeting of the
Washington State and Oregon Chapters be sent
to the Institute Board of Directors.

Mention was next made of the approaching
vacancy in Regional Director. Western Mountain
District; the term of Director Willson expiring
next spring. Consideration of a successor was
referred to the Chapter's Committee on Institute
Affairs.

The president called the attention of the Chap-
ter to the provision in the Institute By-laws re-
garding Fellowship nominations which could be
submitted by any five members. Nominations to
be considered by the Jury the coming year must
be submitted prior to January 1, 1932, on blanks
prepared for the purpose.

The students' sketch competition was post-
poned until a later date when the entrants will
have more time to prepare their masterpieces.
Many excellent drawings are in preparation. The
prizes include sketches by famous American pen-
cil and ink artists, namely: Chester Price. Ernest
Born (two), and Otto Eggers of New York:
Otho McCracken, Hutchinson, Kansas: Frank M.
Rines, Boston; and Roy Partridge of Seattle and
Mills College. Oakland.

TACOMA SOCIETY OF ARCHITECTS
The relations of subcontractors with the archi-
tects were discussed by Messrs. Rendel and
Mitchell of the George Scofield Company at the
meeting of the Tacoma Society of Architects No-
vember 2, at the Rhodes Tea Room. An extra set
of plans and more time for figuring on contracts
were the main objectives mentioned by the speak-
ers in promoting better cooperation between the
groups. Earl Dugan presided.

The Architect and Engineer. December, 1931

c9ndex to Advertisers

CLASSIFIED LIST OF ADVERTISERS ON PAGES 113, 114, 115, 116

American Rolling Mill

American Telephone & Telegraph Co

Anderson and Ringrose

Apex Mfg. Co.

Armstrong Cork Co. ...

Baker & Prussia

Barrett & Hilp

Bass-Heuter Paint Co

Bennett. L. H

Bergman. Frank W.

Bonded Floors

Brown Hardwood Co.. G. H.
Butte Electric Equipment Co.

Cabot Inc.. Samuel

California Shade Cloth Co., Inc.

Central Alloy Steel Corp

Childs. Neal T

Clark & Sons. N

Clervi Marble & Mosaic Co

Clinton Construction Co

Coen Co.

Congoleum-Nairn, Inc

Cook Marble Co., Ray

Crane Company

Cutler Mail Chute ....

Davey Tree Surgery Co., Ltd 2

Detroit Steel Products Co 110

Dahlstrom Metallic Door Company .. 6

Del Monte Properties _ 110

Dickey Clay Mfg. Co.. W. S 109

Dinwiddie Construction Co 112

Dohrmann Supply Co 112

Duriron Company. Inc. .... .99

Dwan & Co. 105

Fink & Sehindler Co 109

Forderer Cornice Works 106

Fenestra Steel Sash 110

Garnett Young & Company 110

General Electric Refrigerator So

General Roofing Co . 110

Gladding Bros. Mfg. Co 109

Gladding, MpBean & Co 7

Golden Gate Materials Co 104

Grace, John 122

Greenberg's Sons, M *

Grinnell Company of the Pacific 112

Gunn, Carle & Company 94

Hammond. M. E 110

Hately & Hately 106

Haws Sanitary Drinking Faucet. Co 95

Hazard Insulated Wire Works 84

Home Manufacturing

110

Pacific

Metals Co., Ltd

Hunt Co., Robert W.

106

Pacific

Portland Cement Co

Hunter & Hudson

109

Palace
Palm I
Parall'i

Hardware Co.
ron & Bridge Works
ie Companies

Parker
Picard.

Co.. Inc., K. E

Inc., W. H

110

Johnson Co.. S. T. ..

105

Johns-Manville Co. ...

Judson. Pacific Co. .

112

Kawneer Mfg. Co

Kennerson Mfg. Co.

Kent-Costikyan

Kewanee Co

Knowles. A

Kraftile Co

Lannom Bros. Mfg. Co 10S

Larsen & Larsen 106

Lindgren, Swinerton. Inc 100

MacDonald & Kahn 109

MacGruer & Co 110

Mangrum-Holbrook Co. 106

Marshall & Stearns 107

Master Builders 101

McClintic-Marshall Co Ill

McCormick Lumber Co 105

McLeran & Co.. R Ill

McNear Brirk Co 102

Medusa Portland Cement Co 8

Mercury Press 109

Michel & Pfeffer Back Cover

Monson Bros 110

Mueller Company - 96

Mullen Manufacturing Co. - 110

Musto Sons Keenan Co., Joseph 112

Nason & Co., R. N

National Lacquer Co., Ltd 94

National Lead Company 12

National Steel Fabric Company *

Nelson. Inc.. Jas. A 10S

Ocean Shore Iron Works 109

Otis Elevator Company 2nd Cover

Pacific Coast Engineering Co Ill

Pacific Coast Electrical Bureau.. ..3rd Cover

Pacific Coast Gas Assopiation 102

Pacific Coast Steel Corp 11

Pacific Foundry Co 91

Pacific Manufacturing Co 107

^Appears alternate months

Quandt & Sons, A. -

Reading Iron Company

Redwood Blork Floor Co

Richmond Pressed Brick Company

Sandoval Sales Co

Santa Fe Lumber Company

Simonds Machinery Company

Sisalkraft Co

Sloane. W. & J 14 and

Smith & Egge Mfg. Co., The ..._

Soule Steel Co

Stanley Works, The

Steelform Contracting Co

Stedman Rubber Flooring Co

Stockholm & Sons

Sturtevant Co.. B. F

Sunset Lumber Co

Tompkins-Kiel Marble Co.

Tormey Company, The

United Materials Co

Volker & Co.. Wm

Vaughan-G. E. Witt Co

Vermont Marble Co

Vezey & Sons. Chas. D. .

Villadsen Bros., Inc

Walter & Co.. D. N. & E. ...

Walworth California Co

Wayland Co.. Ltd

Weber & Co., C. F

Weir Electric Appliance Co

Wells Fargo Bank

Western Iron Works

Westinghouse Elec. & Mfg. Co.

Williams Co., G. W ...

Wood Lumber Co.. E. K

Young and Horstmeyer

The Architect and Engineer. December, 1931

HAZARD BUILDING WIRES HAVE
TEN SCHOOLGIRL COMPLEXIONS

The new Palmolive
Building in Chicago.
A monument to every
contractor who helped
to build it. It was
wired with Hazard
30c/r Building Wire
by Hatfield Electric
Company; Holabird
and Root, Architects;
Lundo§ Bicknell Com-
pany. General
Contractors.

-HE intricate wiring of a building is made easier to follow
if the separate wires are identified by colors. Hazard Electrical
Building Wire is supplied in ten, standard, easily-distinguished
colors for this purpose.

All Hazard wire is uniformly small in diameter with tightly
woven braids and a smooth, slick finish that makes handling
easier. Copper conductors are full-size and are accurately cen-
tered in real, elastic, long-lived rubber insulation.
Send for a free copy of "Installations of Hazard Electrical
Building Wire." It shows the ten colors available.

Division of The Okonite Company
WORKS: WILKES-BARRE, PA.

Sales Offices

New York

Chicago

St. Loui

Philadelphia

Boston

Pittsburgh

Atlanta

an Francisco

Los Angeles

Seattle

Dallas

A PRAISEWORTHY RELIEF PLAN
Seasonal unemployment in the plants of the
Paraffine Companies, Inc., has been eliminated
through a plan conceived and already put into
operation by the company and its employees.
Normally there is a seasonal lay-off of approxi-
mately 15'r of the factory employees during the
winter months. Since many hundreds are em-
ployed by this great Pacific Coast Industrial, the
benefits of the plan are far reaching.

All officers and employees of the company,
whether on salary or daily wage, are contributing
2',' of their monthly earnings to a Relief Fund.
The employees who earn less than $90 per month
are not permitted to contribute.

The Paraffine Companies, Inc., contributes an
amount equal to 50% of the Employees' Fund. In
addition, the company furnishes all supervision,
tools and materials required for the operation of
this plan.

These unemployed are utilized solely for non-
productive and non-profit activities in the com-
pany's roofing, paint and linoleum plants, ware-
houses, or offices under the direction of the Em-
ployees' Committee. The unemployed will be
given four days' work each week at $3 per day.
Under this plan, for every dollar provided for
relief there is a dollar secured in relief to an
unemployed man.

SAN FRANCISCO CLUB JINKS
The annual jinks of the San Francisco Archi-
tectural Club held at Foresters hall on the evening
of December 5th was of added interest because it
marked the thirtieth anniversary of the club.
Members and friends turned out in large numbers
and thoroughly enjoyed the splendid program ar-
ranged by an energetic committee headed by
Theodore S. Ruegg. Unlike previous holiday jinks
held by the club, the affair was open to the build-
ing industry which showed its interest in the or-
ganization by purchasing generous blocks of tick-
ets. Quite a little sum was netted and the money
will serve a good purpose in helping to carry on
the work of the organization.

The entertainment consisted of a road show
enacted by club members and professional talent,
radio stars and celebrities from Hollywood. Danc-
ers from Texas Guinan's New York night club
helped to enliven the evening's festivities.

In spite of the fact that many draughtsmen in
the city are out of work, the activities of the club
have in no way subsided. The very comfortable
and home-like club rooms are well patronized and
the outlook for an increased membership next year
is propitious.

The Architect and Engineer. December, 1931

LbOOKL RLVILWS

L)y djdoar y/ T\ieruIPf

ARCHITECTS' A^D^BUILDERSniAND-
BOOK, 18th Edition, By Frank E. Kidder,
C. E. and Harry Parker, M. S. Published by
John Wiley & Son, Inc., 440 Fourth Avenue,
New York City. Price $8.00.
Fully revised and brought up to present day
standards, this is the most complete handbook
of its kind published in America. Certain chap-
ters have been arranged to facilitate class room
work, as this book is extensively used by col-
leges and technical schools, though primarily it
is intended for reference. The editor can find
no subject relative to engineering, architecture,
construction or building that has been omitted
from this valuable technical work.

UNDERPINNING, Its Practice and Applica-
tions, By Edmund Astley Prentis and Lazarus
White. Published by the Columbia Univers-
ity Press, New York, 1931. Price $7.50.
The scope of the underpinning field has greatly
increased, in consequence of which the technique
has been revolutionized though the general meth-
ods of doing this type of work have changed only
in a small degree.

This book has been carefully written and is
adequately illustrated. There are six chapters
embracing the field of underpinning work, to-
gether with a glossary of terms, appendices and
index.

THE BELL SYSTEM TECHNICAL JOUR-
NAL. Published by the American Telephone
and Telegraph Co., New York City. Price
50c per copy or $1.50 per year.
An excellent technical paper published quar-
terly by the American Telephone & Telegraph
Company of New York, giving the results of re-
searches in the field of telephony and telegraphy
and being the medium by which all advances in
these two branches of electrical science are given
to the interested professional and lay reader.

Radio and electrical engineers will find this
publication a very valuable addition to their tech-
nical reading.

JOHNSON SERVICE BROCHURE
The Johnson Service Company of Milwaukee,
have recently issued a most attractive brochure,
liberally illustrated, on temperature control in
residences. Regulation of radiators, control of
firing, humidity control, concealed radiators and
several other important phases of temperature
control are described, together with adequate il-
lustrations and diagrams. The book itself is a
work of typhographical art.

All Steel Construction

THE General Electric Refrigerator
is all steel construction. Every
corner welded. Built for a life-time
of trouble-free service.

The simple, current-saving mech-
anism is hermetically sealed in the
steel walls of the Monitor Top. It
requires no attention, not even oiling.
Sliding shelves for added conven-
ience.

Every General Electric is clean, dur-
able and sanitary. Built to defy the
years. Completely guaranteed by the
manufacturer against service expense
for three years.

GENERAL ^ ELECTRIC

ALL STEEL REFRIGERATOR

Ihl

L.H.Bennett Qmfany.

Northern California and Nevada Distributor
Rialto Building, San Francisco

The Architect and Engineer, December, 1931

Sisalkraf! being used for
curing and protecting concrete in
the Rigler School. Portland. Ore.
Architect. George Jones. Contract-
or. Ross B. Hammond. Cement Fin-
isher. V. C. McC

Left: Sisalkraft used for curing all
floors of the John Rogers High
School, Spokane, Wash. Architect,
Dow & Wells. Contractor, J. J.
Lohrenz. About 100.000 sq. ft. of
Sisalkraft

Specif v SISALKRAFT Curiii

-M_ •/ REG. U. S. PAT. OFFICE

SCHOOLS, apartments, factories, garages, office
buildings — all need good, hard, long lived
floors. The Sisalkraft method of curing is daily
demonstrating its ability to produce this result at
low cost and without the least uncertainty. INo
reliance needs to be placed on human judgment
in carrying out this cure. It is automatic after
the paper is spread in place.
Only Sisalkraft has the non-elastic sisal fibres

Sisalkraft is stocked by lumber dealers in con-
venient w idths of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 ft.

The SISALKRAFT CO.. 205 W. Wacker Drive (Canal Station), Chicago. III.

55 New Moiitgomcrv Sn I. San I iniiiiMii. Calif.

HALL OF SCIENCE
A two story steel frame and brick observatory
and hall of science is to be built in Griffith Park.
Los Angeles, from funds donated by the late
Colonel Griffith J. Griffith. The architects are
John C. Austin and Frederic M. Ashley. Cham-
ber of Commerce Building. Los Angeles. The
amount available is $750,000.

MORTUARY ADDITIONS
Preliminary plans have been prepared by Ray-
mond De Sanno. architect. 2584 Milvia Street.
Berkeley, for alterations and additions to a one-
and two-story mortuary at 3479 Piedmont Ave-
nue. Oakland, for Hill & Kammerer. The work.
which will cost about $25,000. will consist of a
new front and chapel.

ADDITION TO SCHOOL BUILDING
Plans have been completed by Messrs. Dragon
& Schmidts, architects of Berkeley, for a one
story brick addition to the Marin school at Al-
bany. The building will cost under $10,000.

$50,000 VETERANS MEMORIAL

Plans have been completed by Davis-Pearce

Co.. Grant and Weber Streets. Stockton, for a

two-story and basement Veterans' Memorial

Building at Santa Cruz, estimated to cost $50,000.

HALL OF RECORDS, MARTINEZ
Bids are being advertised for the construction
of a three story Class A Hall of Records. Mar-
tinez, from plans by E. Geoffrey Bangs. 411 -30th
Street, Oakland. The entire work is to be done
by segregated contracts, the bids to be opened
on December 22nd.

SAN FRANCISCO RESIDENCE
Plans have been completed in the office of
Bakewell & Weihe. architects. 251 Kearny Street,
for a $45,000 residence in Seacliff, San Francisco,
for Joseph Branstein. The house will be of stucco
and brick veneer with slate roof.

NAPA POST OFFICE BUILDING
Messrs. Reed 8 Corlett. architects of Oakland,
have been commissioned to prepare plans for a
new post office building at Napa. An appropria-
tion of $140,000 is available.

NEW HOSPITAL WING
A ten story and basement Class A wing is
planned to the Queen of Angel's Hospital. Belle-
vue Avenue. Los Angeles, from plans by Albert
C. Martin of that city.

The Architect and Engineer, December, 1931

Estimator s Guide

Giving Cost of Building Materials, Wage Scale, Etc.

Amounts quoted are figuring prices and are made up from average quotations
furnished by material houses to three leading contracting firms of San Francisco.

THIS MONTH— The prices have stabilized at the present level as to materials and unit costs.

Overtime in wage scale should be
credited with time and a half, Sunday
and holidays double.

Bond — 1%% amount of contract.

Brickwork —

Common, $31 to $36 per 1000 laid,
(according to class of work).

Face, $70 to $90 per 1000 laid, (ac-
cording to class of work).

Brick Steps, using pressed brick,
$.90 lin. ft.

Brick Walls, using pressed brick on
edge, 60c sq. ft. (Foundations ex-
tra.)

Brick Veneer on frame buildings,
$.80 sq. ft.

Common, f. o. b. cars, $14.00 plus
cartage.

Face, f. o. b. cars, $45.00 per 1000.
carload lots.

HOLLOW TILE FIREPROOFING (f.o.b. job)

3x12x12 in $ 68.00 per M

4x12x12 in 76.50 per M

6x12x12 in 105.00 per M

8x12x12 in 170.00 per M

HOLLOW BUILDING TILE (f.o.b. job)
carload lots).

Sxl2x5y2 $76.50

6x12x5% 59.50

Composition Floors — 18c to 30c per
sq. ft. In large quantities, 18c per
sq. ft. laid.

5Iosaic Floors — 80c per sq. ft.

Durailex Floor— 23c to 30c sq. ft.

Rubber Tile — 55c per sq. ft.

Terazzo Floors — 40c to 55c per sq. ft.

Terazzo Steps— $1.50 lin. ft.

Concrete Work (material at San Fran-
cisco bunkers) — Quotations below
2000 lbs. to the ton.

No. 3 rock, at bunkers $1.66 per ton

No. 4 rock, at bunkers 1.65 per ton

Eliot pea gravel, at bnkrs. 1.75 per ton
Washed gravel, at bunkrs 1.75 per ton
Uliott top gravel, at bnkrs. 1.75 per ton
City gravel, at bunkers .... 1.40 per ton

River sand, at bunkers 1.50 jer ton

Delivered bank sand 1.10 cu yd.

Xote — Above prices are subject to dis-
count of 10c per ton on invoices paid
on or before the 15th of month, fol-
lowing delivery.

SAND

Del Monte, $1.75 to $3.00 per ton.
Fan Shell Beach (car lots, f. o. b.

Lake Majella), $2.75 to $4.00 per

ton.
Cement, $2.24 per bbl. in paper sks.
Cement (f.o.b. Job, S. F.) $2.44 per

bbl.
Cement (f.o.b. Job, Oak.), $2.64 per

per bbl.
Rebate of 10 cents bbl. cash in 15

days.

Medusa "White" $ 8.50 per bbl.

Forms, Labors average 22.00 per M.
Average cost of concrete in place,

exclusive of forms, 2Sc per cu. ft.
4-inch concrete basement

floor 13c to 14c per sq. ft.

4% inch Concrete Basement

floor 13c to 14c per sq. ft.

2-inch rat-proofing.. ..6%c per sq. ft.
Concrete Steps $1.10 per lin. ft.

Dampproofing and Waterproofing —

Two-coat work, 18c per yard.
Membrane waterproofing — 4 layers

of saturated felt, $5.0'0 per square.
Hot coating work, $1.80 per square.
Medusa Waterproofing, 15%c per

bbl, San Francisco Warehouse.

Electric Wiring — $2.75 to $8.50 per
outlet for conduit work (including
switches).
Knob and tube average $2.35 to

$5.00 per outlet, including

switches.

Elevators —

Prices vary according to capacity,
speed and type. Consult elevator
companies. Average cost of in-
stalling an automatic elevator in
four-story building, $2450; direct
automatic, about $2400.

Excavation —

Sand, 40 cents; clay or shale, 90c
per yard.

Teams, $10.00 per day.

Trucks, $20 to $25 per day.

Above figures are an average with-
out water. Steam shovel work in
large quantities, less; hard ma-
terial, such as rock, will run con-
siderably more.

Fire Escapes —

Ten-foot balcony, with stairs,
$65.00 per balcony.

Glass (consult with manufacturers) —
Double strength window glass, 15c

per square foot.
Quartz Lite, 50c per square foot.

Plate 80c per square foot.
Art, $1.00 up per square foot.
Wire (for skylights), 27c per square

foot.
Obscure glass, 2.5c square foot.
Xote — Add extra for setting.

Heating —

Average, $1.60 per sq. ft. of radia-
tion, according to conditions.

Iron — Cost of ornamental iron, cast

iron, etc., depends on designs.
Lumber (prices delivered to bldg. site)
Common, $24.00 per M (average).
Common O. P. select, average, $2S.0O
per M.

1x6 No. 3— Form Lumber 515.00 per M

1x4 No. 1 flooring VG 5S.00 per M

1x4 No. 2 flooring 50.00 per M

1x4 No. 3 flooring _ 40.00 per M

1x6 No. 2 flooring 52.00 per M

lJix4 and 6 No. 2 flooring 60.00 per M

Slash grain — ■

1 x 4 No. 2 flooring ..._ $35.00 per M

1x4 No. 3 flooring 32.00 per M

No. 1 common run to T. & G 28.00 per M

Lath 5.00 per M

Shingles (add cartage to prices
quoted) —

Redwood, No. 1 -..- $ .85 per bdle.

Redwood, No. 2 ..._ 65 per bdle.

Red Cedar 85 per bdle.

Hardwood Flooring (delivered to
building) —

13-16x3%" T & G Maple _..$105.00 M ft.

1 1-16x2%," T & G Maple 135.00 M ft.

%x3% sq. edge Maple 122.50 M ft.

13-16x2^4" %x2" 5-16x2"
T&G T&G Sq.Ed.

Clr Qtd. Oak __S175.00 M S125.00 M $158 M
Sel. Qtd. Oak .... 115.00 M 95.00 M 110 M
Clr Pla. Oak .... 110.00 M 87.00 M 95 M
Sel Pla. Oak ._ 106.00 M 6S.00 M 82 M

Clear Maple 110.00 M 82.00 M

Laying & Finishing 16c ft. 15c ft. 13c ft.
Wage— Floor layers, $9.00 per day.

Building Paper—

1 ply per 1000 ft. roll 52.80

2 ply per 1000 ft. roll - *-r

3 plv per 1000 ft. roll — — ■ S-SO

Sisa'lkraft. 500 ft. roll _ —- =-50

Sash cord com. No. 7 51.00 per 100 ft.

Sash cord com. No. 8 1.10 per 100 ft.

Sash cord spot No. 7 1.60 per 100 ft.

Sash cord spot No. 8 1.90 per 100 ft.

Sash weights cast iron, 545.00 ton

Nails. $2.85 base.
Belgian nails. $2.60 base.

Jlillwork —

O. P. $75.00 per 1000. R. W., $S0.00

per 1000 (delivered).
Double hung box window frames,
average, with trim, $5.00 and up.
each.
Doors, including trim (single panel,

1% in. Oregon pine) $6.00 and up,

each.
Doors, including trim (five panel,

1% in. Oregon pine) $5.75 each.
Screen doors, $3.50 each.
Patent screen windows. 20c a sq. ft.
Cases for kitchen pantries seven ft.

high, per lineal ft., $4.25 each.
Dining room cases, $5.50 per lineal

foot.
Labor— Rough carpentry, warehouse

heavy framing (average), $11.00

per M.
For smaller work, average, $22 to

$30 per 1000.

The Architect and Engineer, December, 1931

.Marble— (Not set), add 50c to 65c per
ft. tor setting.

Alaska *1.*0 sq. ft.

Columbia 1.40 sq. ft.

Golden Vein Yule Colo 1.70 sq.ft.

Pink Lepanto 1.50 sq. ft.

Italian 2.00 sq. ft.

NOTE — Above quotations are for % inch
wainscot in large slabs f.o.b. factory.
Prices on all other classes of work should
be obtained from the manufacturers.

Floor Tile — Set in place.

Verde Antique $2.50 sq. ft.

Tennessee 1-50 sq. ft.

Alaska 1-35 sq. ft.

Columbia 1-45 sq. ft.

Yule Colorado 1-45 sq. ft.

Travertine I-60 s1- n

Fainting —

Two-coat work 27c per yard

Three-coat work 36c per yard

Cold Water Painting 8c per yard

Whitewashing 4c per yard

Turpentine, SOc per gal, in cans and

65c per gal. in drums.
Raw Linseed Oil— 73c gal. in bbls.
Boiled Linseed Oil— 76c gal. in bbls.
Medusa Portland Cement Paint, 20c

per lb.
Carter or Dutch Boy White Lead in

Oil (in steel kegs).

Per Lb.

1 ton lots. 100 lbs. net weight ll%c
500 lb. and less than 1 ton lots 12c

Less than 500 lb. lots 12%

Dutch Boy Dry Red Lead and
Litharge (in steel kegs).
1 ton lots, 100 lb. kegs, net wt. ll%c
500 lb. and less than 1 ton lots 12c
Less than 500 lb lots 12%c

Red Lead in Oil (in steel kegs)

I ton lots, 100 lb. kegs, net wt. 13%c
500 lb. and less than 1 ton lots 13y2c

Less than 500 lb. lots 14c

Note — Accessibility and conditions
cause wide variance of costs.

Patent Chimneys —

6-inch $1.00 lineal foot

8-inch 1.50 lineal foot

10-inch 1.85 lineal foot

12-inch 2.10 lineal foot

Pipe Casings — 12" long (average).
$8.00 each. Each additional inch 10c.

Plastering — Interior —

Yard

1 coat, brown mortar only, wood lath.. ..SO. 36

2 coats. lime mortar hard finish, wood
lath - «

2 coats, hard wall plaster, wood lath 50

3 coats, metal lath and plaster 90

Keene cement on metal lath 1.10

Ceilings with 34 hot roll channels metal

lath — -65

Ceilings with % hot roll channels metal

lath plastered 1-30

Shingle partition % channel lath 1 side .60
Single partition % channel lath 2 sides

2 inches thick _ 2.00

4-inch double partition % channel lath

sacks

ides

1.20

channel lath

Plastering — Exterior —

Yard
2 coats cement finish, brick or con-
crete wall - S .90

2 coats Atlas cement, brick or con-
crete wall 1.15

3 coats cement finish No. 18 gauge
wire mesh — 1.60

3 coats Medusa finish No. 18 gauge

ire

eah

2.90

Wood lath. $4.00 per 1000.

2.5-lb. metal lath (dipped) 15

2.6-lb. metal lath (galvanized) IS

3.4-lb. metal lath (dipi>ed) 20

3.4-lb. metal lath (galvanized! 25

94-inch hot roll channels, $45 per ton.

Hardwall plaster, $15.40 ton ; $12.95

paper sacks (rebate 15c sack).
Finish plaster. $16.40 ton ; in paper
Dealer's commission, $1.00 off above

quotations.

$13.85 (rebate 10c sack).
Lime, f.o.b. warehouse. $2.25bbl. :cars. $2. la
Lime, bulk (ton 2000 lbs.). $16.00 ton.
Wall Board 5 ply. $43.00 per M.
Hydrate Lime. $19.50 ton.

Composition Stucco— $1.35 to $1.75 per
sq. yard (applied).

Plumbing —

From $58.00 per fixture up, accord-
ing to grade, quantity and runs.

Roofing —

"Standard" tar and gravel, $5.00 per
square for 30 squares or over.

Less than 30 squares, $5.25 per sq.

Tile, $17.00 to $30.00 per square.

Redwood Shingles, $11.00 per square
in place.

Cedar Shingles, $10 sq. in place.

Recoat, with Gravel, $3.00 per sq.

Sheet Metal-
Windows— Metal, $1.S0 a sq. foot.
Fire doors (average), including
hardware, $2.00 per sq. ft.

Skylights-
Copper, $1.00 sq. ft. (not glazed).
Galvanized iron, 25c sq. ft. (not
glazed).

Stone —

Granite, average, $7.00 cu. foot in

place.
Sandstone, average Blue, $3.50;

Boise, $2.60 sq. ft. in place.
Indiana Limestone, $2.60 per sq. ft.

in place.

Store Fronts —

Copper sash bars for store fronts,
corner, center and around sides,
will average 70c per lineal foot.

Note — Consult with agents.

Steel Structural— $S5 per ton (erect-
ed). This quotation is an average
for comparatively small quantities.
Light truss work higher; plain beam
and column work in large quanti-
ties, less.
Cost of steel for average building
(erected), $83.00 to $90.00 per ton.

1931 WAGE SCHEDULE

FOR SAN FRANCISCO

BUILDING TRADES

Fixed by the Impartial Wage Board

Indorsed by Architects, General and Sub-
Contractors, Municipal, State and Federal
Governments.

Craft Mechanics

Asbestos workers - - — --$ 8.00

Bricklayers ' I 00

Bricklayers' hodcarriers - 7.00

Cabinet workers, (shop) '50

Cabinet workers, (outside) 9.00

Carpenters 9.0G

Cement finishers 9.00

Electric workers 9.00

Electrical fixture hangers _ -

Elevator constructors

10.00

Elevator helpers 70°

Engineers, portable and hoisting - 9.00

Glass workers - *-5"

Hardwood doormen 9.00

Housemovers 800

Housesmiths, arch, iron, skilled all branches 9.00
Housesraiths, arch, iron, not skilled all

branches *-"°

Housesmiths, reinforced concrete, or rodmen
Iron workers (bridge & structural) includ-
ing engineers - - -

Laborers, building (6-day week)

Latbers, channel iron —

•Lathers, all other . — _

Marble setters „ „.

Marble helpers

Marble cutters and copers - —

Marble bed rubbers

Marble polishers and finishers

Millmen, planing mill department

Millmen, sash and door „

Millwrights „ _

Model makers „

Model casters „ -

Mosaic and Terrazzo workers ™

Mosaic and Terrazzo helpers

Painters _

Painters, varnishers and polishers (shop)....
Painters, varnishers and polishers (outside)

Pile drivers and wharf builders ...-

Pile drivers engineers „

Plasterers _ „.

Plasterers' hodcarriers

Roofers, composition _ „

Roofers, all others

Sheet metal workers

Sprinkler fitters „...

Steam fitters _

Stair builders . _

Stone cutters, soft and granite

Stone setters, soft and granite

Stone carvers

Stone derrickmen

Tile setters

Tile helpers

Auto truck drivers, less than 2500 lbs...

Auto truck drivers, 2500 to 4500 lbs

Auto truck drivers. 4500 to 6500 lbs

Auto truck drivers, 6500 lbs. and over-
General teamsters, 1 horse

General teamsters, 2 horses

General teamsters, 4 horses

Plow teamsters. 4 horses

Scraper teamsters, 2 horses

Scraper teamsters, 4 horses

9.0O

11.00

5.50

10.00

8.50

10.00

6.00

8.00

7.50

7.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

9.00

6.00

9.00

7. SO

9.00

10.00

11.00

7.50

10.00

8.00

9.uu

10.00

9.00

8.50

9.00

8.50

9.00

10.00

6.00

5.50

6.00

6.50

. 7.00

. 5. SO

. 6.00

. 6.50

. 6.00

*On wood lath if piece rates are paid they
shall be not less than such an amount as will
guarantee on an average day's production of 1600
lath, the day wage set forth.

Eieht hours shall constitute a day's work for
all Crafts except as otherwise noted.

Plasterer's hodcarriers. bricklayers' hodcarriers,
roofers, laborers, and engineers, portable and hoist-
ine. shall start 15 minutes before other workmen,
both at mnming and noon.

Five and one-half days, consisting of eight hour*
on Monday to Friday inclusive, and four hours on
Saturday forenoon shall constitute a week's work.

Where two shifts are worked in any twenty-
four hours shift time shall be straight time. Where
three shifts are worked, eight hours pay shall be
paid for seven hours on the second and third
shifts.

All work shall regularly be performed between
the hours of 8 A. M. and 5 P. M.. provided, that
in emergencies or where premises cannot be vacated
for work by mechanics until the close of business,
men then reporting for work shall work at straight
time: but any work performed after midnight shall
be paid time and one-half except on Saturdays,
Sundays, and holidays, when double time shall be
paid.

Recognized holidays to be New Year's Day.
Decoration Day, Fourth of July, Labor Day. Ad-
mission Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas
Day.

Men ordered to report for work, for whom no
employment is provided, shall be entitled to '«"
\ Hours pay.

The Architect and Engineer, December, 1931

NATION-WIDE COMPETITION

Authorized by Congress, the War Department
is sponsoring a nation-wide competition among
architects for a monument to be erected at Ap-
pomattox Court House, Va., commemorating the
close of the Civil War. The Department's pro-
gram has been approved by the Committee on
Competitions of the American Institute of Archi-
tects, of which Egerton Swartwout of New York
is chairman.

The Quartermaster General, under the au-
authority of the Secretary of War, invites archi-
tects of standing and reputation who are citizens
of the United States to submit designs for this
monument and a landscape treatment of the site,
the announcement states.

"As the monument authorized by Congress is
to commemorate the termination of the war be-
tween the States, " the communication continues,
"the design should carry out this thought and
should not call to mind the tremendous conflict
with all of its attending sorrows.

"It should symbolize an undivided nation and a
lasting peace. If this is accomplished those en-
gaged in the tremendous conflict will be fittingly
honored and the requirements of the Act of Con-
gress will be carried out.

"The monument will be erected on the old court
house square at Appomattox, Va. This tract is
rectangular in shape with the long sides running
east and west and contains approximately two
acres. A state highway runs through the square
on an east and west line and divides to inclose
the site of the old court house.

"This state road can be relocated to run straight
through the tract if it is desired to place the monu-
ment north or south of the highway. There is an
old brick jail on the tract that can be used for a
comfort station and quarters for the caretaker.

"It is required that the design for the monu-
ment be accompanied by a landscape plan show-
ing a proposed treatment of the court house tract
and any proposed relocation of the highway. Any
fence or wall considered necessary should also be
shown.

"The Wilbur McLean house, where the terms
of surrender were signed, and the old brick tavern
and outbuildings are shown on the topographic
map, though not in the court house square. These
buildings will probably be restored and therefore
present plans for the monument and treatment of
grounds should be made with such restorations
in view.

"The jury of award will consist of three mem-
bers, to be appointed by the Quartermaster Gen-
eral from a list of architects, not in the Govern-
ment service, and members of the A. I. A."

The announcement points out that the Act of
Congress simply provides funds for securing a
design and the preparation of plans and esti-
mates of the cost.

"This competition," it is declared, "is simply
for the purpose of obtaining such designs, plans
and estimates and it must be clearly understood
that the monument itself will not be constructed
until Congress shall see fit to appropriate funds
therefor.

"Request will be made for the necessary legis-
lation upon the opening of the Seventy-second
Congress, and there is reason to hope that the
required funds will be appropriated and made
available not later than July 1, 1932. Until such
funds are appropriated, actual construction cannot
proceed.

"Copies of the program may be obtained by
intending competitors by addressing the Quarter-
master General, Munitions Building, Washing-
ton, D. C. All competitors are urged to visit the
site of the monument, which is about two miles
from the railroad station in the present town of
Appomattox, Va., and located close to Highway
U. S. 60."

The plan and design of the monument will be
subject to the approval of the National Commis-
sion of Fine Arts.

OPPOSE SMALL HOUSE BUREAU

The following letter has been addressed to all
Chapters of the American Institute of Architects
and other architectural organizations, by the Ar-
chitects League of Northern New Jersey:

The architectural organizations in the suburbs
of New York, and at least two within the city,
have signified their opposition to the Architects'
Small House Service Bureau.

The Bureau undoubtedly was conceived with
worthy motives, but in its workings has brought
real hardships upon the residential architect and
others just starting their practice.

We have found the Bureau acting not so much
as a "clinic" for that poor client who cannot
afford both an architect and a colored tile bath
room, but rather as an aggressive, price cutting
competitor of the architects for their already es-
tablished clientele; and this at a time of depres-
sion when architects need every bit of work they
can get.

No other allied part of the building industry,
such as the realtor, mortgage company, material
yard or the labor union has a similar official
"bread line" to give away its services and thus
endanger its firmly set scale of payment achieved
by years of effort.

A director of the Bureau told the writer that

The Architect and Engineer, December, 1931

OPEN

LETTER

National Advertisers

and
Their Agencies:

Gentlemen:

There are still plenty of national advertisers and their
advertising counselors who believe that advertising and
sales efforts productive of results in the thirty-seven East-
ern States, will be just as effective in the Pacific Coast area.

The Editor of Printer's Ink on November 12th, 1931,
very clearly defines the steps actually necessary to secure
business in this fast growing West. Read of the individu-
ality of the West . . . the need of special sales and adver-
tising effort . . . how the West must be considered "a
country unto itself" . . . then analyze your own efforts
in this respect.

Are you getting your share of the business this area
offers? Let us help you.

Very truly yours,
THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER, Inc.

The Architect and Engineer. December, 1931

he saw no reason why the Bureau's activities
should not be extended to include the eight or
nine room house with garage attached. The pos-
sibilities of extending the "clinic" are unlimited
in scope and feasible for every phase of archi-
tectural service. Also a large market is open
for organizations such as Sears-Roebuck, who
recently advertised to ten million people that the
architectural fees could be saved by dealing with
that company.

The architectural publications are printing
many articles by the officials of the Architects'
Small House Service Bureau extolling their new
doctrine of their stock plan idea for architects,
namely: that supervision is more important than
individuality of design. These writers completely
overlook the fact that architects are not enthused
about supervising somebody else's stock plan;
and that architects are not trained to offer their
services primarily as supervisors, and secondly as
designers.

During the past winter architects in the vicinity
of New York City were solicited for funds to
aid the unemployed draftsmen, and they re-
sponded generously. The Architects' Small House
Service Bureau became the recipient of that gen-
erosity by a gift of forty-eight draftsmen whose
salaries were paid out of that charitable fund!
This winter promises to be long, hard and meagre
for every one; but in addition, architects are ex-
pected also to compete against their own last
winter's charity.

At the present time the American Institute of
Architects endorses the Architects' Small House
Service Bureau.

We consider that this Bureau, as now consti-
tuted is merely another commercialized stock plan
company operating under the guise of a "clinic",
and is no more entitled to favored endorsement
of the A. I. A. and the U. S. Department of
Commerce than you or I, or any other architect
or stock plan company.

This continued endorsement, especially during
this depression, is increasing an already aroused
anatagonism and resentment among architects
and their organizations, and if allowed to grow
will menace the prestige of the A. I. A. and im-
peril, by loss of good will, its attraction for future
membership.

Unity and harmony in the profession are most
vitally needed, and we should greatly appreci-
ate an expression of your opinion on this critical
matter.

Yours sincerely,
CLARENCE H. TABOR, Jr.
President.

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The Architect and Engineer, December, 1931

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THE MODERN TREND IN
ARCHITECTURE
Speaking before the management division of
the Real Estate Board of New York, Inc., at
the first of the fall meetings in the Hotel Com-
modore. Raymond M. Hood had for his subject,
"The Modern Trend in Architecture." The de-
signer of the American Radiator. McGraw-Hill.
Daily News and Chicago Tribune Buildings, and
one of the architects engaged on Radio City, told
his hearers that "simplicity and direction is the
necessity as well as the order of the day in archi-
tecture," and that buildings today are erected for
twenty to thirty years, where formerly a structure
was designed to last sixty to one hundred years.

"We have just completed a period of opulence
and, naturally, of extravagance," said Mr. Hood
in opening. "Buildings have not lagged behind
other things in life. There was plenty of money
everywhere. It was spent freely on business or-
ganizations, buildings, private homes, wives, chil-
dren and steam yachts. What was a few thousand
dollars between friends! It was, in short, a com-
fortable, riotous era of business and of living.

"It is no news that this period is passed and
that rigid economy is the order of the day in
everything and nowhere more than in building,
which is always one of the major expenses either
of the private individual or business. When a
building must be built, every last item must be
explained as carefully as in every item in a house-
hold or in a budget. 'Keeping up with the Joneses,'
in home life and business, as a matter of self-
respect, is not even tolerated as 'funny'; it is reck-
oned as a 'major vice.'

"We can all remember how generously we
spent our clients' money. To say that we were
'high-hat' to an owner who had the temerity to
ask if a $50,000 lobby in his office building was
necessary, is to put it mildly. If he wanted to put
in $1200 elevator cabs he was told simply 'that it
was not being done in our set.' When it came to
the exterior of his building we reminded him. at
his expense, of course, of his civic duty and that
he must do his duty for the silhouette of New
York. He was 'given the works' on everything:
mail boxes, elevator doors, floor mosaics, exterior
decorative motifs of all sorts and elaboration of
materials.

"If I may make a comparison with clothes. I
would compare the period from which we are just
emerging with the dress of the times of Louis XV.
Then, no self-respecting gentleman could appear
in public without a brocaded coat, a costly wig.
exquisitely worked collars and cuffs of lace, a
jeweled cane and silver and jeweled buckles on

The Architect and Engineer, December. 1931

his shoes. After this period, as a matter of
necessity, the simple dress of Republican days
followed the luxurious dress of Royalist days and
this simple dress has remained the model of our
clothes today.

"So in our buildings, in the opulence of the
period that has just passed, no self-respecting
building could appear on the street save in rich
materials and decked out with elaborate decora-
tive motifs, doorways, balconies, colonnades, cor-
nices, turrets, etc. Now simplicity and direction
is the necessity as well as the order of the day
of architecture, just as it was in the dress of the
Republican era."

ARTIFICIAL EARTH TREMORS STUDIED
Certain earth tremors produced by explosions
are being studied in Yosemite National Park in
an attempt to solve important earthquake prom-
lems. Present observations have three objectives:
1. To ascertain the velocities of earthquake waves
in different kinds of granite; 2. To ascertain the
effect of a vertical walled canyon on earthquake
waves intercepted at right angles, and 3. To re-
cord an echo in the rock wave by reflection from
the bottom of the rock itself. These experiments
are described in the following statement prepared
by Arno B. Cammerer, acting director of the Na-
tional Park Service, and issued by the Depart-
ment of the Interior:

"With the hope of learning more about earth-
quakes, experiments with artificial earth tremors
are being carried on in Yosemite National Park
by a group of scientists working under the joint
auspices of the Carnegie Institution of Washing-
ton and the California Institute of Technology.

"The group of investigators includes Dr. Beno
Gutenberg, Professor of Geophysics and Seismol-
ogy, at the California Institute of Technology,
and formerly of the University of Frankfort,
Germany; Henry Salvatori, geophysicist and
member of Geophysical Service, Incorporated,
Dallas, Tex.; Ray Felton, Frank Bierrend and
Edward Partain, technical assistants of the com-
pany and Dr. John P. Buwalda, professor of
geology and chairman of the division of geology
and paleontology at the California Institute of
Technology.

"The investigation has been undertaken at the
suggestion of Dr. Arthur L. Day, director of the
geophysical laboratory of the Carnegie Institution
and chairman of the Advisory Committee in Sies-
mology.

"The earth tremors on which the investigations
are based are produced artificially in two different

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ways. A large tunnel on the Wawona Highway
is being cut beneath the cliffs east of Bridal Veil
Falls, and is now about 2300 feet long. At the
inner end of the tunnel, several hundred feet
underground, charges of several hundred pounds
of dynamite are exploded about twice each day.

"These set-up vibrations can be registered up
to distances of several miles. For certain other
purposes the scientific party is exploding some-
what smaller charges of dynamite on the surface
at points distant from Yosemite Valley and re-
cording the vibrations set up in the solid granite
with instruments placed some thousands of feet
away.

"The conditions for carrying on this experi-
ment are unusually favorable in the Yosemite re-
gion. In addition to the frequent explosions during
construction work, the region has vast expanses
of relatively bare granite where no soil interferes
with the reception by the instruments of the vibra-
tions.

"Also, Yosemite Valley is a deep, narrow, ver-
tical-walled chasm and when vibrations are caused
on one side, the surface waves which usually con-
fuse the reading of a seismogram are eliminated
because they are reflected back when they strike
the vertical cliffs on the side of the valley from
which they radiate.

"The telephone lines in the park facilitate ar-
rangements for the experiments at different points
and make it possible to send precise time signals
from the point of explosion to the recording point.

"The problems which the scientists are investi-
gating are three in number. The first is to deter-
mine the velocities of earthquake waves in the
several different kinds of granites found in the
Yosemite region. This is done by determining the
exact hundredths of a second that the vibrations
require to travel a measured distance through the
granite. The velocities in the different types of
granite vary considerably.

"The second problem is to ascertain the effect
of a vertical-walled canyon or valley on earth-
quake waves when they travel approximately at
right angles or across the valley. Each explosion
sets up three different kinds of earth tremors or
waves in the rock and it is important to know
which of these will reach the other side of the
canyon and which type will be eliminated by being
reflected back by the canyon wall.

"A third problem is an attempt to record the
echo in the rock wave by reflection from the bot-
tom of the granite itself. The earth is made of
concentric shells, the outer one of which is be-
lieved to be only eight or ten miles thick and is

The Architect and Engineer. December. 1931

made of granite. Below this granite layer are quite
different rocks of basaltic composition.

"The waves from an explosion travel down-
ward through the granite and should be reflected
back from the basalt surface as an echo, but the
return distance is great and the problem of re-
cording the echo is very difficult. If the time for
the return journey of the waves to the base of
the granite can be ascertained, the thickness of
the granite is determined because the rate of
travel of the waves is approximately known.

"The instrumental equipment operates electri-
cally. A number of portable seismo-meters are
placed some distance apart in the surface rock.
When they are disturbed by vibrations, they send
electrical impulses through cables to a delicate re-
cording instrument in the instrument truck.

"These impulses are recorded as lines on a
rapidly moving record. When the rock stands still
the line is straight. When the rock vibrates the
line becomes sinuous and irregular and by its
form indicates the nature and amount of the
rock vibration.

"Mr. Cammerer stated that he had been in-
formed by Superintendent C. G. Thomson that
the artificial shocks are so slight that they are not
felt by visitors to Yosemite National Park and
the work involves no danger to them or to the
forests and scenic features of the park.

"Superintendent Thomson reported that the in-
vestigations were meeting with success, but since
it is the first time that such experiments have been
attempted, it is not expected that the three prob-
lems involved will be entirely worked out without
further attempts."

WASHINGTON STATE SOCIETY
Selection of a nominating committee for next
year's officers was the chief business transacted
at the monthly meeting of the Washington State
Society of Architects, November 12, at the Hotel
Gowman, Seattle. John S. Hudson presided.

Discussion was held anent the proposed affilia-
tion of state architectural societies with the Amer-
ican Institute of Architects. The proposed ordi-
nance for the levying of building permit fees was
found exceedingly unpopular.

COMBATTING CORROSION
The Robert W. Hunt Company, engineers,
have recently issued a pamphlet entitled "Com-
batting Corrosion with Alloys" that is of tech-
nical and informative interest to architects and
engineers. Copies may be obtained on request at
the firm's Chicago office, 2200 Insurance Ex-
change.

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PUBLIC INTEREST IN HARDWARE
By P. F. King

The manufacturer of builders' hardware suf-
fers from what is today a common complaint —
there is an excess of producing capacity. The
product does not enter into consumption sepa-
rately. Its use is dependent upon operations in
another field over which the manufacturer has
no control. Consequently, he cannot by sales
promotion work cause any substantial increase
in the demand for his goods. This is not neces-
sarily true as applied to an individual producer.
It is possible that one organization by superior
work may enlarge its sales but the increase will
come out of the volume of competitors.

The industry as a whole must wait upon build-
ing operations because hardware is a building
accessory and when building lags the hardware
market is curtailed. People will not buy hardware
because it is cheap with the prospect of using it
when they do build. They will buy hardware
only when they are actually building. There is,
of course, always some market for over-the-
counter sales of hardware for repairs and altera-
tions, but, in the main, the statement is true that
the sale of hardware depends upon the volume
of building.

Building activity at the present time is at a
low ebb although there is evidence that this con-
dition must change soon in the field of residential
building, which furnishes the largest market for
hardware. Studies of statistics in regard to resi-
dential building indicate that for the country as
a whole the surplus has been largely absorbed,
and we are approaching a period in which there
must be a resumption of home building. It is
likely, however, that the resumption will be grad-
ual and the prospect of any far reaching increase
in volume in the near future is not great.

Hardware today suffers from lack of emphasis.
It is obvious that if a man is building a home
and he has a definite amount of money to spend,
if he puts that money into one feature of the
building he cannot spend it for another, and if
by high powered selling methods and skillfully
directed advertising appeal, his interest is cap-
tured by expensive bath rooms, plumbing fixtures,
heating appliances, etc., he will spend his money
for these things and when the hardware is se-
lected he will have very little left and the hard-
ware will be skimped.

Hardware seems to be sold entirely too much
on a basis of utility. Its utility is, of course, of
prime importance. For the most part it has to do
with the working parts of a building and its po-
tentiality for giving satisfaction or causing annoy-

The Architect and Engineer, December, 1931

ance is great. It will vary with the knowledge and
study that is used in selecting hardware and
supervising its application. However, aside from
utility, it can have great decorative value. It can
lend distinction to a building or give it an air
of cheapness.

There is a lack of interest so far as the general
public is concerned and the responsibility for this
condition lies with us. The average person who
builds a home knows very little about hardware
and unless he is fortunate enough to have the
services of a trained builders' hardware man, he
is quite likely to be satisfied with anything that
will do the work, regardless of its suitability for
his particular building.

There is in every sizeable center of population
throughout this country a small group of builders'
hardware experts who by hard work and close
study for long years, have acquired the knowl-
edge to guide builders in the selection of hard-
ware. Their versatility in meeting unusual situa-
tions is amazing. They know the lines of nard-
ware to be had for different purposes and when
none is available, they have sufficient knowledge
to determine how it can be made to meet the
particular need.

These builders' hardware men are much more
than salesmen. They are craftsmen and artists.
They have a professional pride in properly trim-
ming a building. They know how to combine
utility and good taste. Unfortunately, the num-
ber of home builders who consult them is all too
small and something of a cooperative nature
should be done to strengthen their position and
widen their influence.

If all of the manufacturers and dealers will
adopt a get-busy program and feature the slogan.
"Your House Is as Good as Its Hardware," we
would soon bring about a condition where the
prospective home builder would ask himself the
question — "What kind of hardware will I have
on this building?", we would be a long step in
advance of where we are now, and if a prospec-
tive home buyer were interested enough to ask
the question — "What sort of hardware have you
on this building?", contractors and operators
would be prepared for the question by making
hardware selections that would furnish talking
points for their building, just as they now do on
other features which enter into its construction.

PLEA FOR FEWER SMOKESTACKS
Fewer smokestacks, more schools and the guid-
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The Architect and Engineer, December . 1931

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"Modern buildings," Mr. Greensfelder says,
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of electric light, both have their places. The
'great white ways' of our cities are just signs of
our times. Steam-turbine power plants, hydro-
electric dams, superpower transmission lines, all
bespeak wonderful engineering achievements.

"Turning night into day at first seemed sac-
religious. Other steps in scientific and engineer-
ing progress have shocked or scandalized many
persons in the years that have gone; but they
have come to be accepted matters of course. With
the discovery of fire came the consciousness that
human eyes could see in the firelight as well as
in the moonlight.

"The history of illumination is real romance.
The firebrand, the torch, animal oil. the candle,
mineral oil lamps, gas and the successive elec-
trical appliances mark the accelerating steps in
better lighting. Now television causes no more
violent agitation than a few ripples of public in-
terest.

"How has man utilized the lenghtened day?
First, to dispel the fears lurking in the darkness,
then to light his path of travel, and next to per-
mit recording and reading current historical
events and accentuating religious ceremonies.
Later light was used to foster amusements after
a day of working or fighting, and finally to ex-
tend the opportunities for education, commerce
and social intercourse.

"The discovery of window glass changed the
design of structures for man's habitation. Sun-
light penetrates interiors dispelling dampness and
disease. The modern lighthouse and the city's
show windows are wonderful combinations of
glass and artificial light. One promotes safety
at the sea coast; the other adds to the attrac-
tiveness of marts of trade.

"Speed of night transportation depends abso-
lutely upon the engineering application of light.
Locomotive, vessel, and automobile headlights,
signal systems, and the illumination of highways
and airports are vital necessities."

Darkness is of two kinds, physical and mental,
and dispelling the latter is of the highest import-
ance. Mr. Greensfelder points out. "Shall we
foster minds or matter?" he asks. "Shall we add
to the mounting volumes of books or of buildings?
How should they be correlated?

The Architect and Engineer, December. 1931

"We talk today of over-production. We la-
ment over-expansion of facilities for the produc-
tion of goods. Then why not more homes and
schools and hospitals, and better highways to
make them accessible, bridges to span the gaps
of time as well as space, the sowing of ideas
as well as seeds?

"Production is threefold: articles to be con-
sumed, wealth in private structures, and com-
munity facilities. Engineering minds are con-
stantly eliminating wastes of production. By
steadily improving railroads, highways, and other
means for carrying goods, they have brought
costs of transportation to amazingly low figures
compared with those of pre-railroad days. Engi-
neers should now, with even greater concentra-
tion, devote energy to reducing wastes of dis-
tribution.

"Engineering methods, properly utilized by
business men, should be helpful in reducing the
costs of merchandizing just as they have been
helpful in cutting costs of producing goods, power
and light. Engineers will be found ready to co-
operate in solving the problems of merchandizing.

"Engineering analysis is forecasting the future
— lighting the paths which our children will fol-
low. Engineering talents must and will aid in
directing the tendencies of the time."

THE BATTLE OF ARCHITECTURAL
STYLES
Editor The Architect and Engineer:

Bel-Air is not a real estate venture in the
commonly accepted meaning of that term. Bel-
Air is the embodiment of an ideal. Its meander-
ing roadways are the expression of a hope that
these initial steps in the enterprise may be fol-
lowed by a development of our so happily located
acres into an ensemble of beautiful homes, har-
monious and reposeful, a community in which
the best architectural talent of California will be
inspired and encouraged to so design each unit
that, when the last building is occupied, Bel-Air
may be considered as a completed picture, one
large canvas, as it were, having all the character-
istics of a great and glorious masterpiece.

Now, the primary characteristic of a master-
piece is good composition which, as the eminent
English art critic, John Ruskin, put it "means,
literally and simply, putting several things to-
gether so as to make one of them." Summed up
in one word, the first principle of composition
is UNITY. Whatever may be the effects the
artist wishes to produce, the several parts of his
picture must be related and hence harmonious so
that together all the parts make one beautiful
whole.

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The Architect and Engineer, December, 1931

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In music also this fundamental law of unity
holds, as witness the purpose of the "leit motif"
of the symphony. And likewise in frozen music,
as Ruskin termed architecture, whether in single
units or in groups, large and small, unity must
obtain where a masterly quality is sought.

But the "battle of architectural styles", fur-
iously pressed in every city of these United States
and already under way in Bel-Air, destroys the
very essentials of a masterpiece. There can be
no sense of unity and consequently no compre-
hensive beauty where varying romantic fancies
dictate, where a guiding thought is not clearly
evident in the ensemble. And, so, this American
insistence on individual expression, as exempli-
fied in our willingness to plagiarize the architec-
ture of whatever country or age we most admire,
regardless of its fitness in our environment, makes
for the undoing of the very thing that will give
such developments of Bel-Air distinction. The
charm of old European towns and villages, which
we in great numbers travel thousands of miles to
see, lies largely in the harmony of form and
color, which pervades each group. Never does
one find in those delightful places a conscious
attempt to be original or different or conspicuous.
Their builders, using the materials at hand and
the common methods of construction then ob-
taining, did not shrink from the inevitable family
resemblance to other structures in the locality.
What Henry James referred to as a "decent
monotony" in neighboring buildings did not sub-
merge the individuality of any one unit nor sug-
gest paucity of inventive or artistic talent in the
community. On the contrary, that "decent monot-
ony" was the effective background for the skill-
ful display of subtle variations in mass and detail
which gave every reasonable opportunity for the
gratifying of different tastes and, at the same
time, insured the necessary homogeneity, with-
out which no group can be beautiful. "Decent
monotony" is the background for delightful
Broadway, near Stratford-on-Avon; it is the back-
ground for those charming little French towns,
which have been spared the intrusion of recent
architecture; it is the background of the hill towns
of Italy; it is the background of any fine archi-
tectural group wherever it may be found or in
whatever period it may have been created.

In none of these towns could there possibly
have taken root an illogical mixture of styles,
such as we favor today, because the architecture
of the past has ever been indigenous to the soil
on which it was developed, an unaffected expres-
sion of the taste of a homogeneous people within
the limits determined by climate, the character of
local building materials and social life. In north-

100

The Architect and Engineer. December. 1931

ern countries, for example, roofs are steep to shed
snow, while in the Mediterranean countries, where
no provision need be made for frequent snowfalls,
roofs are quite simply and unaffectedly given a
low pitch. In northern countries wood is freely
employed because of its abundance, although in
the Cotswold district in England and elsewhere.
where stone is easily quarried, the majority of
houses are of masonry. In southern France,
Spain, and Italy clay products are more common
than wood and therefore, we find in those lands
only clay tile roofs and houses built almost ex-
clusively of brick, covered with plaster for pres-
ervation. These much admired villages are beau-
tiful, mainly because, through lack of opportun-
ity, fundamental considerations have not been
ignored.

With us harmony in the group is far more
difficult to achieve. We are not a homgeneous
people and can have no national taste sufficiently
formed to guide us. Furthermore, we are not
limited by the character of local building mater-
ials and because of easy travel, cheap printing
and photography we are free to choose "styles"
as we will. And we have chosen with disastrous
results. Our unguided freedom has become mere
license and, rather than harmony, confusion is
now the dominant characteristic of American resi-
dential districts. Considered as individual units,
the best American architecture of the last three
decades leaves nothing to be desired. But as part
of a larger picture such praise cannot often be
accorded. To be sure, architects are not always
free to do as they wish; their problem in respect
to neighboring buildings has seldom been easy
of solution and, in many instances, impossible of
solution. We have become quite lost in a maze
of European traditional architecture, from which
we can never emerge unless we return to the
path of fundamental principles. How and when
we shall emerge rests with the skill of our archi-
tects and the support given them by their clients.
The fundamentally well trained architect, follow-
ing that path, will find no insurmountable difficulty
in differentiating between decent monotony and
commonplace monotony. He will be quite equal
to satisfying the individual taste of his client, in
whatever direction it may lead, and yet observe
the general demands of group harmony when he
ceases to be completely bound by tradition. To
the capable designer the problem becomes but a
challenge to his ingenuity and is more likely to
lead to a distinctive, individualistic solution than
when photographs and measured drawings of
ancient buildings are slavishly adhered to.

Bel-Air is still quite young. Barely one-fourth
of the allotments have been built upon at the

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The Architect and Engineer, December, 1931

101

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present moment. If the "battle of styles" could
be made to cease and be followed by a prevailing
unity of effect on the remaining three hundred
and more properties the ideal, which prompted the
beginning of Bel-Air, can yet be realized. But it
will not be realized except through the formula-
tion of a logical program that will take us back
to fundamentals and which must be generally
adhered to. Such program must require that
future home builders and their architects will
think in terms of the completed Bel-Air as well
as in terms of their own unit and that they will
not aim to make this district a museum of all the
traditional architecture of foreign countries, but
rather to accept for guidance the climatic condi-
tions obtaining in Southern California, our Bel-
Air topography and their family requirements.

In general, these conditions prescribe the pre-
dominance of horizontal lines, simple and low
masses, low pitched roofs and a type of construc-
tion and employment of materials best suited to
a country occasionally subject to earthquakes.
Continuity with the past need not thereby be
broken. We cannot, if we would, alienate our-
selves from our heritage but we must scrutinize
its possibilities for our uses more zealously than
we have and be less literal in the adaptation of
its outer forms. In their intellectual and spiritual
qualities we shall find in our favorite styles of
the past the guidance we would seek, the cardi-
nal principles of design which underlie all good
architecture, old and new.

After all, we are not Englishmen speaking the
language of Shakespeare, nor Frenchmen fitting
perfectly in chateaux, nor Spanish peasants. We
are twentieth century Americans, living in a warm
section of the country, and our architecture should
simply and directly meet our needs with all the
charm and beauty, restraint and yet variety, which
the most talented and best trained architects of
Southern California know so well how to produce.
Los Angeles. Dec. 1. W. H S.

CONCEALED RADIATORS
The C. A. Dunham Company has just issued a
new bulletin, No. 510, on their Dunham Type
"L" Concealed Radiators. It completely describes
a wide range of radiator sizes.

Distributing features of this new product are
the light-weight heating elements, access to the
heating element through the air inlet openings and
the solution offered to the problem of applying
orifice regulation to concealed radiators.

It is a bulletin written for the information of
the engineer, architect and contractor, and the
Dunham Company will be glad to furnish copies
on request.

The Architect and Engineer, December, 1931

INCREASED USE OF AIR
CONDITIONING PLANTS
Promotion of Lambert H. Polderman to be
vice-president in charge of all Pacific Coast activ-
ities of the Carrier Engineering Corporation of
California and the Carrier Engineering Corpora-
tion of New Jersey, has been announced by those
companies.

The Carrier Engineering Corporation of New
Jersey, with headquarters in Newark, and now
a division of Carrier Corporation, an international
organization with offices in the principal cities
of the world, was founded by Willis H. Carrier
in 1915 to put into practice his discoveries in the
science of air conditioning. Pacific Coast head-
quarters were established in Los Angeles eight
years ago. with offices, showrooms and assembl-
ing plant at 748 East Washington Street. Mr.
Polderman was appointed representative for the
entire Coast territory at that time. Branch offices
are now maintained in San Francisco and Phoe-
nix. Arizona.

In spite of the natural climatic attractions of
California, the company's business of providing
individual atmospheric control for big buildings
has grown to such an extent that Carrier Engi-
neering Corporation of New Jersey found it ad-
visable two years ago to organize and incorpor-
ate a separate company in the State of California
to take care of West Coast operations. In addi-
tion to Carrier Engineering Corporation of Cali-
fornia. Mr. Polderman is in charge of the activities
of its affiliates, the Brunswick-Croeschell Com-
pany and the Carrier- York Corporation, both of
which recently consolidated with the Carrier Engi-
neering Corporation of New Jersey.

Since the parent company established the Los
Angeles branch eight years ago, approximately
200 air conditioning installations have been made
on the Pacific Coast. These include plants of all
types and sizes in department stores, hotels, pub-
lic buildings and office structures. Temperatures
in such well known structures as the Biltmore
Hotel, Gilbert Chocolate Company plant. Para-
mount Theater and "621 South Spring Street",
in Los Angeles, the farm buildings of the Uni-
versity of California at Davis, the University of
California at Berkeley, the Bon Marche depart-
ment store at Seattle, and the Title & Trust
Building at Phoenix, are controlled by Carrier
equipment.

Mr. Polderman is also vice-president of the
National Association of Ventilating Engineers.

TWO

BUILDINGS

UNUSUAL

INTEREST

I Two outstanding build-
ings by Albert F. Roller,
architect, of San Francisco,
will be illustrated in The
Architect and Engineer for
January, 1932.

| The John Breuner Build-
ing, Oakland, is conceded
to be a notable example of
well tempered modern de-
sign of the commercial
type.

| The new home of the
Coast Counties Gas and
Electric Company, Wat-
sonville, is a fine example
of California Spanish de-
sign.

II Begin the New Year
with a subscription to the
Pacific Coast's only archi-
tectural and engineering
magazine.

The Architect and Engineer, December, 1931

103

GOOD BUILDINGS

Some Recent Contracts Completed

ENGINEERING GROUP. U. C.

Berkeley

SOUTHERN PACIFIC HOSPITAL

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SMALL HOUSE PLANS
DEFECTIVE

That the American working
man can have a better home —
more comfortable, better built,
better appearing — at the same, or
even a lower price than he now
pays for inferior housing, is the
conclusion of 25 nationally known
architects who have spent eight
months studying housing condi-
tions in 21 representative cities of
the country, made public in a
statement issued at Washington,
D. C.

The group composes the com-
mittee of Design of the Presi-
dent's Conference on Home Build-
ing and Home Ownership. Wil-
liam Stanley Parker of Boston,
former secretary of the American
Institute of Architects, is chair-
man of the committee.

The committee believes that the
design of the average small Amer-
ican dwelling is "seriously defec-
tive," and "that a much higher
standard of design is possible in
the average residence." The rais-
ing of this standard is the magic
by which the committee believes
that the blessing of better housing
for less money can be achieved.
It is preparing to recommend to
the President's Conference the
specific steps that should be taken
to bring about widespread im-
provement in design.

Space, privacy, the use of good
materials, attractive architecture —
these desirable features, in the
opinion of the experts who com-
pose the committee on design.

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Phone HE mlock 7020

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Russ Building, San Francisco
Phone DO uglas 4420

need not be limited to high-priced
homes. By proper planning they
can be made available to the great
field of low-priced housing, the
five and six-room dwellings of the
small-income group.

The committee has found by
observation that approximately 85
per cent or more of low-priced
residence construction in the cities
examined is done by building
agencies that erect and sell a num-
ber of homes in subdivisions or

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104

The Architect and Engineer. December, 1931

8J1 CAEN

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other localized groups. These
agencies realize some of the more
obvious economies and efficiencies
typical of large scale operations.
This committee points out how
such group organization gives
them opportunity to raise the
quality of their work by improved
design.

The membership of the com-
mittee on design, which is one of
31 appointed by the President to
investigate every phase of the

problem of housing, was chosen
from 21 cities in the North. South.
East and West ( many of which
form dominant centers for the
various sections of the country )
so that the committee's findings
might justifiably be applied to the
nation.

The committee undertook at its
inception eight months ago to
analyze the practices in the de-
sign of houses and apartments of
the less expensive types in the 21
cities represented by the member-
ship. The studies in each city have
been made usually by the local
member in collaboration with lo-
cal builders, governmental offi-
cials, and research organizations.

The work of the individual
members has been coordinated by
visits of the committee's research
secretary and by meetings — one
general meeting at San Antonio.
Texas, lasting for three days, and
regional meetings in the East.

The committee members have
given their services to the task
without reward, and their results,
like those of their fellow commit-
tees, are a monument to the Amer-
ican tradition of voluntary effort
for the public welfare.

ENGINEERS EARN LESS
THAN DOCTORS

The average income of mechan-
ical engineers is $4265 a year,
that of civil engineers $4116 and
electrical engineers a little more
than $3600. as compared with an
average annual income of $9764

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The Architect and Engineer, December, 1931

105

Phone DOuelas 1120-1121

Larsen and Larsen

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for medical doctors, it is disclosed
by a statement of Walter J.
Greenleaf, specialist in higher ed-
ucation of the Federal Office of
Education in the U.S. Daily. This
information was obtained in a
study of more than a dozen dif-
ferent professions.

"Although persons entering the
professions do so usually because
of preferences and aptitudes and
not necessarily on account of the
remuneration expected, neverthe-
less the possibilities making a
living and of maintaining certain
standards are important consider-
ations,'' Mr. Greenleaf states.

"In the series of leaflets being
prepared by the Office of Educa-
tion on careers, which it is hoped
will prove valuable to students
contemplating certain professions,
some attention has been given to
a study of salaries or incomes.
This inclusion, however, does not
pretend to be final, but is limited
to a small cross section of the
various professions.

"There are wide variations in
incomes of different professional
men and women. A study of over
6000 medical doctors just pub-
lished this year by the American
Medical Association discloses that
this group averages $9764 annu-
ally. The median income runs
$7436. The reason of its being
smaller than the average is due to
extreme variations in individual
earnings.

"Doctors with 10 years practice
usually earn a median annual in-
come of $8569. and with 15 to 19
years practice, an income of
$8909. Those who have practiced
20 years and more enjoy a med-
ian of $7984. Of the group exam-
ined, 165 earned gross incomes of
more than $30,500 annually.

"Medical specialists enjoy the
highest incomes. General practi-
tioners, however, enjoy an aver-
age net income of $5250.

"In a recent study of 1019 me-
chanical engineers, annual salaries
averaged $4265: only 13 per cent

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COMPANY

GENERAL PAINTERS
AND DECORATORS

Phone WA lnut 3639

563 FULTON STREET
San Francisco

HATELEY &
HATELEY

PLUMBING
AND HEATING
CONTRACTORS

1710 TENTH STREET

Phone MAin 2478

SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA

106

The Architect and Engineer. December, 1931

Specify
Marshall & Stearns
Ad- A -Room Beds

Mechanical Excellence

Proven Quality
Dependable - Compact

PHELAN BLDG.. SAN FRANCISCO
DOuglas 0348

1410 MADISON STREET, OAKLAND
HIgate 4320

CRAN E

High Class Plumbing
Fixtures

All Principal Coast Cities

LUXOR

WINDOW SHADES

Translucent Shading

of highest count

cambric

William Volker & Co.

631 Howard Street
San Francisco

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Recent Contracts Completed

Library Building

Berkeley
Women's Club Building

Berkeley
City Hospital

Palo Alto
Masonic Home

Decoto

K. E. PARKER CO., INC.

135 South Park San Francisco

Phone KE arny 6640

received salaries between $5000
and $7500; and 9 per cent re-
ceived greater amounts. Analyzed
according to number of years
since graduation from college, 14
men one year out of college aver-
aged $2292; 259 out five years
averaged $3186; 135 out 10 years
averaged $4581; 143 out 15 years
averaged $5606; 98 out 20 years
averaged $6306; 64 out 25 years
averaged $7976; and 44 out 30
years averaged $7852.

"In a recent study of 1643 civil
engineers, the average annual sal-
ary was found to be $4116. Ac-
cording to the number of years
out of college, average annual
salaries appeared as follows: 28
men one year out of college.
$1973; 459 men two years out of
college $2360; 362 men out of
college five years, $3175; 207 men
out 10 years, $4151; 246 men out
15 years, $5526; 148 men out 20
years, $6226; 95 men out 25
years, $6797; and 98 men out 30
years, $7028. Twelve per cent of
the total studied made salaries of
$5000 to $7500. while 7 per cent
made larger salaries annually.

"Salaries of electrical engineers
average little more than $3600 an-
nually. An examination of the in-
comes of 1 726 disclosed that 6 per
cent earned more than $7500 an-
nually, while 156 out of college
15 years averaged $5357; 131 out
20 years averaged $6452; 96 out
25 years averaged $7650; and 46
out of college 30 years averaged
$8141 annually.

"A rather narrow study of
dentists showed that members of
this profession average annually
$4118, with the usual professional
income variations from an income
of approximately $2000 the first
year out of school to $7000 and
above in individual cases.

"The legal profession, some-
times regarded as a high-paying
profession, also shows extremes
from less than $1000 annually to
very high incomes for individual
lawyers."

APEX

Blo- Air Fan Heaters

Portable and Wall Types

1320 watts to 4000 watts
Thermostat Control if Desired

Bio-Air Heaters use a fan to circu-
late the air instead of depending upon
the slow process of gravity circulation.
Instant heat and a greater amount in
the lower living zone of the room, with
the same consumption. Fan can be
used without the heat for cooling.
Switches easily accessible at top. Can
be installed under windows.

There is a complete line of Apex Air
and Water Heaters.

APEX Manufacturing Company

Oakland, California

Distributors

SANDOVAL SALES CO.

557 Market St., San Francisco

APEX SALES CO.

1855 Industrial St., Los Angeles

Office
Partitions

Reinhold sectional wood and
glass partitions (interchange-
able) may be adapted to any
modern office requirement in a
new or old building.

Complete Information File
sent on request

Pacific Manufacturing
Company

High Class Interior Finish
Quality Millwork

Monadnock Bide.,
San Francisco
GA rfield 7755

641 Merrill Arc
Los Angeles
AX ridge 9011

1315 Seventh Street, Oakland
GL enconrt 7850

The Architect and Engineer, December, 1931

107

^eCTRIC HEAj

Built-in heater for bath rooms,

breakfast nooks, dens and small

bedrooms.

WEIR ELECTRIC APPLIANCE CQ

26th and Adeline Streets, Oakland

ASSOCIATE WHOLESALE ELEC. CO.
1159 S. Lot Angeles St., Los Angeles

LANNOM BROTHERS
MFG. CO., INC.

ARCHITECTURAL
WOODWORK

BANK, STORE and OFFICE
FIXTURES

FIFTH AND MAGNOLIA STREETS
Oakland, California

W.3J.SLOANE

RUGS : CARPETS

LINOLEUMS

FURNITURE

DRAPERIES
WINDOW SHADES

Estimates Gladly Submitted

216-228 SUTTER STREET
SAN FRANCISCO

Established 1843
Phone: GA rfield 2827

MacDonald & Kahn

General
Contractors

Financial Center Bldg.

405 Montgomery St.

San Francisco

A NEW ARTIFICIAL STONE
The Benedict Stone Products
Company. Chicago, allied with
Massey Concrete Products Cor-
poration, is building a new plant
for the manufacture of a newly
perfected product — a manufac-
tured stone called Vibrastone.

This new plant replaces one
which has for years produced
Benedict stone, a cast stone used
for many important buildings.
The complete replacement of the
existing plant indicates the radi-
cal change in manufacturing pro-
cess necessitated by the introduc-
tion of the new stone. Scientific
methods hitherto unknown in such
work are to be used and special
equipment is being provided
throughout the plant.

A good idea of the character
of Vibrastone may be secured
from the 8-page file folder just
issued by this company. Accur-
ate natural color reproductions of
Vibrastone in a variety of colors
make the book both attractive and
useful.

THUMB TACKS AND
T-SQUARE

[Concluded from Page 13]

revenues met with little success.
Now the very condition of over
construction which brought about
the decline in building is work-
ing for architects and contractors
seeking modernization projects.
Many new buildings with a large
percentage of vacancies are draw-
ing tenants from older structures
whose owners are thus confronted
with the need of action.

Office building tenants, like mi-
lady in search of a hat, want the
newest fashions — the latest in ex-
teriors, lobbies and elevator ser-
vice. More than any other factor,
according to a leading New York
City architect, high-speed, auto-
matic elevator service in the newer
buildings makes it imperative for
older buildings to modernize.

The plain dollars-and-cents an-
gle which is spurring owners of
old buildings to make plans which
in the aggregate will mount into
the hundreds of millions — and
eventually billions — and put thou-
sands of building tradesmen to
work, is that a modernized old
building can undersell competing
new buildings on desirable space.

JAMES
A. NELSON, INC.

Heating and Ventilating
Power Plants

DEHYDRATION PLANTS

HOWARD AND TENTH STREETS

SAN FRANCISCO

Phone: HEmlock 0140

W. H. PICARD, Inc.

PLUMBING, HEATING,

VENTILATING and

POWER PLANTS

5656 College Avenue

5662 Keith Avenue

Oakland California

Phones PI edmont 9004-9005

Unit Ventilators

Used for heating and
ventilating offices,
schoolrooms, etc. Con-
sists of motor driven
fans which force out-
door air over steam
radiators into the
room. Provision is
made for filtering and
controlling temperature of discharged air.
Advantages — independent operation for
every room — elimination of ducts and fan
room — high efficiency. Casings are about
the size of an ordinary radiator and are
finished like a piece of fine furniture.

The B. F. Sturtevant Company
San Francisco, California

1772-B

A New York architect with
long experience in alterations says
many older buildings can under-
sell newer competitors from 1 5 to
20 per cent, even after 10 per cent
of the cost of new elevators and
redecorated exteriors, entrances
and lobbies has been added to
existing rentals. He estimates that
expenditures up to $2.50 per
square foot of rentable space are
often justifiable in a district where
older buildings can thus be put
into competition with those re-
cently erected. "New elevators."
he says, "are the monkey glands
of building rejuvenation."

Tlu- Architect and Engineer. December. 1931

THE

flR£HITE£T

AND

ENGINEER

JdNUdRV 1932

The John Breuner's

Vertical Transportation Problems

Completely Solved by Otis

The John Breuner Store in Oakland, California, featured in
this issue, is provided with the latest Otis Elevators and
Otis Equipment. From modern cars to modern vertical
transportation and service, the Otis Elevator Company
has installed a complete system.

Because of the definite engineering accomplishments by
Otis Elevator Company, the architect and engineer can
confidently specify Otis Elevators in their plans for a new
building or modernization project. Today, good elevator
service is synonymous with Otis elevator service.

OTIS

ELEVATOR COMPANY 339

OFFICE* THROUGH-
OUT THE WORLD

IN reproducing from Pen-
cil Points Harrison Clarke's draw-
ings in The Architect and En-
gineer for November, the names
of Messrs. Newton and Murray
were unintentionally omitted in
the caption below a small sketch
of a doorway. We regret the over-
sight and trust the architects will
accept our apologies. Messrs.
Newton and Murray have done
some very creditable architectural
work in Southern California and
we hope to be privileged to show
some of it in an early issue.

AT the recent Western
Divisional meeting of the Cham-
ber of Commerce of the United
States, at Spokane, Washington,
Arthur A. Murphy, assistant to
the president of the Union Pacific
Lines, paid the architectural and
engineering professions a fine
compliment. In his appeal for
the employment of private archi-
tects to design our Federal build-
ings, Mr. Murphy spoke of the
beauty and charm of American
cities which he declared is "con-
clusive evidence of the skill and
progressiveness of the local archi-
tect.'' Continuing the speaker
said:

"The architect has designed
structures of convenience, strength,
utility, durability and grace.
Knowledge of the uses and quali-
ties of local products and under-
standing of the traditions and as-
pirations of the people of the
locality and a comprehension of
climatical and other important
conditions are very important fac-
tors in the final results.

"These observations apply with
equal force to the engineer in the
field of public works and to the
analytical chemist in testing mate-
rials.

"There is more than a senti-
mental interest in urging the claim
of the professional man. He is an
essential part of the community.
He usually maintains at consider-
able expense, an extensive and
well equipped office and as a citi-
zen and as one who contributes
to the support of the Government,
has a right to expect that he may

utilize his talents in public as well
as private work.

"This does not necessarily im-
ply that regularly employed Gov-
ernment experts would be elimi-
nated. With their understanding
of past practices and of the aims
of the public agencies concerned,
the co-ordination of the work of
private and official advisors is an
assurance of balanced plans and
specifications, of speed in the im-
portant preliminary stages through
relief of public bureaus of much
detailed work and of good final
results."

THE editor has received a
number of favorable comments of
the paragraph which appeared in
these columns in the December
issue commending Geo. W. Kel-
ham and the State of California
for accepting no bid on public
work unless the contractor files
with his proposal a list of his sub-
contractors and the amounts of
their bids. This plan, if generally
adopted, would sound the death
knell to the present vicious custom
of bid "shopping."

In line with the movement, L.
F. Danforth of the Master Paint-
er's Association, Los Angeles, has
submitted a plan which he believes
will eliminate shopping of bids
and he has received the hearty
support of various construction
groups, including architects, engi-
neers and contractors. Here is
Mr. Danforth's plan in a nutshell:

"First: At the outset of any under-
taking the architect to call in as many
specialty contractors as he deems advis-
able to estimate their respective portions
of the work.

"Second: That all specialty contrac-
tors furnish a bond, or deposit a certified
check in a reasonable amount to insure
the faithful performance of their work
if awarded the contract.

"Third: The successful specialty con-
tractor's estimate shall be furnished to
all general contractors who intend to bid
on the undertaking, and the successful
general contractor must award the con-
tract to the various successful specialty
contractors at the price submitted to the
architects.

"Fourth: That centrally located rooms
for estimating be provided by the Build-
ers' Exchange, or other responsible or-
ganization who shall have charge of and
be responsible for all plans and speci-
fications."

The following changes have been sug-
gested to the Danforth plan:

1. A — On public work the sub-contrac-
tors could not be specified so it would
be necessary to have a special regu-
lation governing that particular type
of work.

B — Frequently the general contractor
might want some sub-contractor to
figure the work whom the architect
had not originally invited to submit
an estimate, and there should be a
rule that any sub-contractor recom-
mended by a general contractor, and
who could meet the requirements es-
tablished by the architect should be
allowed to submit a figure.

C — Frequently a sub-contractor might
not want to do the work for one of
the general contractors figuring the
job, and so there should be a regu-
lation permitting the sub-contractor
to specify on his bid that his figure
could not be used by a certain gen-
eral contractor.

2. A — A fifth point should be added to
t'ie effect that the general contractor
should have to put up a labor and
material bond in order to protect the
sub-contractor who would be obliged
to furnish a bond or certified check
to guarantee his faithful performance
of the work.

3. A — It should be definitely specified
that the lowest sub-contractor in each
group should receive the work and
no preferences would be allowed. If
a preference were allowed, it would
permit unfair practices and further-
more no sub-contractor should be in-
vited to bid on the job unless the
owner and architect were willing to

award it to him.

4. A — There should also be a provision
to allow contractors, both sub and
general, to take plans to their own
office in the case of large jobs where
the figuring was quite detailed.

a « xx

NO DEPRESSION HERE

Mueller Brass Co., Port Huron,
Michigan, reports an increase of
296% in their sales of streamline
copper pipe and fittings for the
fiscal year ending November 28,
1931, as compared with the pre-
ceding year.

For the 13 periods just ending
their sales totaled $448,555.32, in
spite of the fact that the building
market has shown a decline over
this same period and that copper
prices are down. This sales figure
was divided almost evenly be-
tween the Mueller patented fitting
and copper pipe.

The Architect and Engineer, January, 1932

ills

J] lif I5y Wt ••- inn]

'=t

• IB1 IB iEi !E! S ^! T

j |ii ir n r i

^ !]] iJ]

Ill \n\ liii I II HI ;<

THE MARSTON COMPANY DEPARTMENT STORE

San Diego, California
John Barclay
Painting Contractor

NOW

DUTCH BOY LEAD MIXING OIL and CARTER WHITE LEAD
For Concrete and Stucco

When John Barclay, one of San Diego's leading painting contractors, was
called upon to paint The Marston Company Department Store he used Dutch Boy
Lead Mixing Oil and Carter White Lead.

White-Lead; either Dutch Boy or Carter; and Dutch Boy Lead Mixing Oil
is the choice today of the leading paint contractors for the protection and beautirica-
tion of stucco and concrete buildings.

"No one knows paint like a painter" so why not profit by their knowledge and
specify either Dutch Boy or Carter White-Lead and Dutch Boy Lead Mixing Oil
for your stucco and concrete buildings.

Northern Division Seattle • Central Division San Francisco • Southern Division Los Angeles

NATIONAL LEAD COM 9 ANY of Caty

Makers of Dutch Boy and Carter White Lead also Bass-Hueter Paints and Varnishes

The Architect and Engineer. January. 1932

VOLUME 108
NUMBER 1

THE

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER

JANUARY
1932

FREDERICK W. JONES, Editor
EDGAR N. KIERULFF, Ass't. Editor

Contributing Editors

CLARENCE R. WARD, San Francisco

CARLETON MONROE WINSLOW,
Los Angeles

HAROLD W. DOTY, Portland, Ore.

CHAS. H. ALDEN, Seattle, Wash.

Consulting and Advisory Editors
J. HARRY BLOHME
LEWIS P. HOBART
TIMOTHY L. PFLUEGER
ELMER GREY
CLARENCE A. TANTAU
WM. L. WOOLLETT
WILL P. DAY
JOHN BAKEWELL, JR.

EDWIN L. SNYDER

THOMAS J. KENT

WM. E. SCHIRMER

J. STEWART FAIRWEATHER

JOHN W. GREGG

EMERSON KNIGHT

CHAS. H. CHENEY

ALBERT B. MANN

JULIAN C. MESIC

H. J. BRUNNIER

L H. NISHKIAN

Contents

COVER DESIGN— John Breuner Building Oakland.

Company. Oakland.

TEXT

The John Breuner Building. Oakland

Frt d'k W . Jones

A New Development in Bank Planning 35

Lloyd A. Rally. Architect

Advantage of House Insulation 53

Russel E. Backstrom
House of a Thousand Voices 59

Let's Ride Out of the Valley
The Architect's Viewpoint
With the Architects
Society and Club Meetings.

Chas. R. Hook

PLATES AND ILLUSTRATIONS
stg FOR the Breuner Furniture Company. Oakland
Detail of Parapet 17 Monterey Dining Room .... 21

Entrance to Bungalow 18

Bungalow Patio 19

Living Room in Bungalow 20

Plan of Bungalow 20

Detail of Entrance 23

Plans 24

Study in Verticals 25

Swedish Provincial Room 27

National Bank of Pico, Pico,
Interior, National Bank of P

California - 36

Lloyd A. Rally, Architect

Portfolio of Sketches by R. J. Bishop

Hotel Waldorf-Astoria. New York

Post Office Building, Beverly Hills, California 62

Ralph C. Flewelling, Architect

Post Office Building, Merced, California 62

Allison & Allison, Architects

Published monthly by THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER, INC.

1662 Russ Building, San Francisco, California

W. J. L. KIERULFF, President and Manager FRED'K. W. JONES, Vice-President L. B. PENHORWOOD, Secretary

WILLIAM W. BRADFORD, Advertising Manager

Subscriptions— -United States, $4.00 a year; single copy. $ .60. Canada and foreign countries, $6.00 a year

H. J. Brunnier. Structural Engineer

BUILDING FOR BREUNER FURNITURE COMPANY.
OAKLAND. CALIFORNIA
ALBERT F. ROLLER. ARCHITECT

THE

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER

JANUARY 1932
VOLUME 108
NUM BER ONE

THE JOHN BREUNER BUILDING,
OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA

FRED'K. W. JONES

)Y the time the offi-
cials of the John Breuner Company made
up their minds to build a new home for
their Oakland interests — and had settled
upon and acquired the location, the clouds
of depression hung black and heavy on the
economic horizon.

There were signs that they might get
a good deal blacker and heavier, and there
were prophets aplenty to point out how
foolhardy was the undertaking in the face
of prevailing con-
ditions. But this
business was
founded by a Cali-
fornia pioneer —
properly speaking
it was the first fur-
niture business in
California. The
spirit of the found-
er, John Breuner,
survives in his son
and grandsons,
who could not see
backing down on
the job because
there was a possi-
ble spell o f b a d
weather ahead.

So — fundamentally there was no reason,
either past or present, why the new build-
ing should not be built and the architect
and contractor were engaged to plan and
build a store that would serve purposes of
display and sound merchandising in a way
that was no longer possible in the old
building.

Accordingly this enterprise, involving
over $1,000,000, was begun and carried to
completion during the darkest months of
the financial lull and the store was opened
to the public of the East San Francisco
Bav region on Oc-
tober 13th, 1931.

Modern concepts
of architecture and
decoration have,
within the past few
years, revolution-
ized store design.
The new Breuner
Building is a tvpical
example. The frame
of reinforced con-
crete is faced with
terra cotta finished
in a transparent
glaze — light green
in color — support-
ed on a polished
black granite base.

DETAIL OF PARAPET. BREUNER BUILDING
OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA
Albert F. Roller, Architect

< 17 ►

In the lines, masses, detail and color of the
structure, the architect, Albert F. Roller,
was careful to achieve sound and well co-
ordinated design and to avoid sensational
and bizarre effects. Thus, while the build-
ing is thoroughly modern, it is one that will
always have good style, distinction and
dignity.

utilize to the best advantage every possible
square foot of area for sales spaces and
display purposes and at the same time pro-
vide on the respective floors the shops and
workrooms incidental to the various de-
partments.

Advantage was taken of the high first
story to provide not only an excellent

The building, in its eight stories and
basement, contains 225,000 sq. ft. of floor
space with high speed Otis passenger ele-
vators conveniently located to distribute
the foot traffic entering from Broadway
and 21st Street.

Two large hydraulic freight elevators
serve to distribute the merchandise from
the roomy receiving platform at the rear
of the first floor to the various departments
throughout the building.

One of the problems in planning was to

ENTRANCE TO BUNGALOW, BREUNER
BUILDING. OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA
Albert F. Roller, Architect

structural lateral member but architec-
turally a strong, virile unbroken spandrel
to support the upper stories with their reg-
ular fenestration.

In the treatment of interior walls, floors,
and ceiling of the display windows, the
special rooms and the selling spaces, the
aim was to provide a quiet, unobtrusive but
effective, background for the colorful mer-
chandise displayed — yet to possess a defi-

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

JANUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

nite character of its own. This was com-
pletely achieved. The extreme simplicity
maintained throughout the building, also
makes it easy to keep clean — a self evi-
dent virtue where the merchandise is ex-
posed and not displayed in show cases.

One of the main display features of the
building are the illuminated shadow boxes.

niches — large enough to display chairs and
small tables. They are placed on all stair
landings throughout the building, having
also been planned as definite parts of the
general architectural scheme. They are
framed in dull finish cromium and lined on
the interior with veneers in pattern.

In the problem of model rooms and spe-

They provide a miniature stage setting
against which an endless variety of mer-
chandise may be strikingly presented. The
architect may well be praised for the de-
sign and excellent lighting effects of these
devices which have hitherto been neglected
by the retail furniture trade. The new store
makes the most of the possibilities of such
shadow boxes and puts to profitable use
the furred spaces that ordinarily are blank
and wasted. On the first floor above the
line of door lintels are four such lighted

BUNGALOW PATIO. BREUNER BUILDING,
OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA
Albert F. Roller, Architect

cial backgrounds, the purpose was to se-
cure original effects, wherever possible and
to eliminate any feeling that such units are
only temporary makeshifts, restricted and
cramped in area, showing merchandise in
an artificial and false light.

On the fourth and fifth floors are located
16 such period display rooms, spacious
and well proportioned. The woodwork,
finish, fireplaces and fixtures are designed

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER ^ 19 ^ JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

to faithfully interpret the given period and
all are of permanent materials. Each room
is different, presenting the Italian Renais-

•

-.','..■: ■'■/..■ :-v;;aAi£w-t'iGPb- plan-

PLAN. MODEL BUNGALOW. BRELINER
BUILDING. OAKLAND. CALIFORNIA
Albert F. Roller. Architect

LIVING ROOM IN BUNGALOW. BRELINER
BUILDING. OAKLAND. CALIFORNIA
Albert F. Roller, Architect

sance. French Provincial, English, Tudor
and 18th Century, Swedish Provincial,
Spanish Colonial or Early California and
Early American periods.

On the fifth floor is a model Spanish
home with seven rooms and a patio en-
trance court, in which an outdoor fire-place
cleverly conceals a building column. Arch-
itecturally the home is a present day ex-
pression of the early Spanish and handi-
capped as was the designer by the problem
of expressing the exterior of a house in
9'4" ceiling space — it has proven one of
the most interesting spots in the building.
By the exposure of false tiled eaves sup-
ported on rafters of eucalyptus boughs, an
effect of height has been obtained and
scale preserved.

With California's year round "open
season" for garden and porch furniture, a
special display for this department was ar-
ranged on the sixth floor. The building

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

-^ 20 ^^ JANUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

columns and girders are cladded in
knotty white pine, sandblasted and bleach-
ed, and the ceiling is decorated as a huge
trellis supported by the heavier members.

A tiled pool and fountain with its tinkle
of falling water — the large murals by Her-
man Struck on the flanking walls — one
showing the rolling hills back of Oakland
dotted with oaks and hillside villas, and
the other a vista of Oakland and the bay
with San Francisco in the distance, brings
into this room the very land, water and
gardens that the customer lives with daily.

On this floor also is located a well vent-
ilated auditorium, comfortably appointed
with a small stage and a seating capacity
of 300.

Throughout the seven selling floors the
primary thought always in mind was to
develop a building where sales resistance
by the dramatizing of merchandise would
be reduced to a minimum and it is the con-
census of those who visit the building that

MONTEREY DINING ROOM, BREUNER
BUILDING, OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA
Albert F. Roller, Architect

this has been accomplished — not on a
grand scale but in an effective and eco-
nomical way.

CARDEN FURNITURE DISPLAY, BREUNER
BUILDING, OAKLAND. CALIFORNIA
Albert F. Roller, Architect

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

^ 21 ►

JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

THE JOHN BREUNER BUILDING
Oakland. California

Albert F. Roller, Architect
P. J. Walker Co., Builders

Architectural Terra Cotta —

GLADDING. McBEAN 6 CO.. 660 Market
Street, San Francisco.

Reinforcing Steel —

SOULE STEEL COMPANY. 1750 Army
Street, San Francisco.

Steel Tank Supports —

WESTERN IRON WORKS. 141 Beale Street,
San Francisco.

Marble —

AMERICAN MARBLE COMPANY. Hobart
Building. San Francisco.

Masonry. Setting Machine Made Terra
Cotta and Hollow Tile Partitions —

WM. A. RAINEY 6 SON, INC., 323-327
Tehama Street, San Francisco.

Kalamein and Fire Doors

FORDERER CORNICE WORKS. 16th and
Potrero Streets. San Francisco.

Painting —

J. A. TURGEON, 512 East 12th Street, Oakland

Millwork —

OAKLAND PLANING MILL, 2nd and Wash-
ington Streets. Oakland.

Plumbing —

CARL T. DOELL COMPANY, 467-2 1st Street,
Oakland.

Sanacoustic Ceiling in Phone Room —

WAYLAND COMPANY, INC., 563 Second
Street, San Francisco.

Lumber —

SUNSET LUMBER COMPANY, 400 High
Street. Oakland.

Steel Sash —

MICHEL 6 PFEFFER IRON WORKS. 10th
and Harrison Streets, San Francisco.

Elevators and Spiral Chutes —

OTIS ELEVATOR COMPANY, 1 Beach
Street, San Francisco.

Store Fronts and Directory Board —

ZOURI COMPANY, 1208 Howard Street, San
Francisco.

Rolling Steel Shutters —

GUNN. CARLE 6 COMPANY, 444 Market
Street, San Francisco.

Sisalkraft —

E. K. WOOD LUMBER COMPANY. Freder-
ick and King Streets. Oakland.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 22 ►

JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

Photo by Moulin

DETAIL OF ENTRANCE, BREUNER BUILDING,
OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA

ALBERT F. ROLLER, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER ^ 23 ► JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

"mfUR

PLANS. BREUNER BUILDING,
OAKLAND. CALIFORNIA

ALBERT F. ROLLER, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER -^ 24 ^^ JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

Photo by Moid

STUDY IN VERTICALS, BREUNER BUILDING,
OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA
ALBERT F. ROLLER, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER -^ J 5 ^

JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

Finished in California Redwood by Oakland Planing Mill

SWEDISH PROVINCIAL ROOM. BREUNER BUILDING.
OAKLAND. CALIFORNIA

ALBERT F. ROLLER, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 27 ►

JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

MAIN ENTRANCE ADMINISTRATION BUILDING BE! MR
LOS ANGEI ES CA1 IFORNIA
MARK DAN1EI S ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT \Nn ENGINE!

r -^ n) ^ ianuani N1HETBBM HHtTY-TW)

PLAN, FIRST FLOOR. ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. BEL-AIR.
LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA
Mark Daniels. Architect

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

M ►

JANUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

Photo by E. M. Pralt and V. Bake.

EAST WING, ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, BEL-AIR,
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
MARK DANIELS, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER ^ 31 ► JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

*jj3S 1 — Ej

FRPh

^1:f' ]~

•5LGOKD FUfLUl.

PLAN, SECOND FLOOR. ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, BEL-AIR,
LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA

Mark Daniels, Architect

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER <^ 32 ^ J AMI ARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

Pltolo by E. M. Pratt and V. Bak.

PATIO, ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, BEL-AIR,
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
MARK DANIELS, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER -^ 33 ^ JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

A NEW DEVELOPMENT IN
BANK PLANNING

Fooling the Bandit

LLOYD A. RALLY

Architect

room is well lighted from in front and
above. The unusual bank screen has a
panelled fumed oak dado, above which ex-
tends an imitation stone wall, pierced by
the necessary openings.

The safe deposit vault is visible through
double metal grilles and gates. The lat-

HE essentials of a
bank are security, strength and dignity.
These qualities expressed architectur-
ally and accomplished practically, are em-
bodied in the National Bank of Pico, at
Pico, California, a growing community on . ter are electrically opened only to known
the highway, ten miles east of the heart customers, as is also a steel lined oak door
of Los Angeles. to the work space.

This bank contains a new departure in The ceiling beams of the bank are dec-

orated with the
heraldry of the di-
rectors of the in-
stitution.

The usual direc-
tors' room, confer-
ence room and
service accommo-
dations are pro-
vided. All rear
openings have
burglar-proof steel
sash.

While the orig-
inal plans of the
new bank were
being prepared,
contemplating the
usual modern low
bank counter, two
bandits entered
the old banking
quarters and,

protection, highly
practical and suc-
cessful, which has
created much
comment in bank-
ing circles.

The facade is
of art stone, terra
cotta, marble and
stucco, with orna-
mental iron fram-
ing the plate glass
of t h e openings.
The entrance is in
a large and deep
central arch,
flanked by a ser-
ies of square win-
dows, one of
which may later
be pre-empted for
bank expansion.

The banking

In case a bandit attempts to shoot a teller who re-
fuses to hand over the coin, the bullets strike a
mirror and not the man. Mirror is at an angle of
45 degrees.

< 35 ►

without the least difficulty, covered both
customers and employees and escaped un-
scathed with the available cash.

This led to an investigation of the ban-
dit-proof bank screen, now installed, a pat-
ented system of protection for bank em-
ployees, or others handling money, securi-
ties, or valuables, invented by David G.
Earl of Long Beach, California.

grille of heavy vertical steel plates, set so
close together so that it is impossible to
thrust a fire arm through the grille, or to
shoot diagonally through it.

Back of this grille appears the form of
the teller, but in reality, it is his reflection
in a diagonal mirror, which is backed with
steel. Actually the teller stands in a safe
position at one side of the wicket and may

By virtue of the ingenious design of the
various forms of this protective equipment,
it is impossible for bandits to menace those
behind the bank screen, thus protecting
life and property and permitting the tran-
saction of business rapidly and easily.

This equipment, of interest to the
banker, the theatre owner, and the archi-
tect, is incorporated in the steel lined par-
tition, or bank screen, separating the pub-
lic space from the work spaces.

Each teller's wicket is protected by a

NATIONAL BANK OF PICO.
PICO, CALIFORNIA
Lloyd A. Rally, Architect

converse and transact business in full view
of the customer.

Money, pass books, securities, etc., are
passed between the customer and teller by
means of pass drawers set in the counter
in front of the grille, which slide back be-
side the teller. The drawers are covered
by a steel plate which is drawn back
by the teller, disclosing the drawers.
The lower drawer is a deep one of suffi-

Tlir. ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

^ 36 ►

JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

cient size to take large bags of cash or
bulky packages of securities.

Personal contact is not sacrificed, either
from the standpoints of vision or conver-
sation, and tests have proven that business
is transacted as rapidly and easily as with
the ordinary teller's wicket.

Bullet proof periscopic windows are also
provided in the bank screen, allowing

open instantly when the muzzle of a re-
volver in the hand of an employee strikes
the lock. The muzzle of the weapon pro-
jects through the port, which closes auto-
matically when the weapon is withdrawn,
and cannot be opened from the public
space. Small holes for vision in the upper
part of the turret are too tiny for the ordi-
nary caliber bullets to penetrate, being fur-

Nute buUel-prooj periscopic windows

clear vision, both ways. These consist of
two rows of diagonally placed vertical
mirrors, backed with steel and so arranged
that, while ordinary conversation may be
carried on through the windows, straight
clearance for a bullet is blocked.

Another feature is the so-called steel
turret. This enables an employee to cover
anyone in the public space with a revolver
and place bandits at his mercy. Turrets
consist of heavy steel plates bent to face
three ways, with automatic gun ports which

INTERIOR NATIONAL BANK OF PICO,
PICO, CALIFORNIA
Lloyd A. Rally, Architect

ther protected by bullet proof glass on the
inside.

The steel bank screen lining, the wick-
ets, periscopes and turrets have been thor-
oughly tested with .45 caliber fire arms and
bullets cannot penetrate them.

As a result of the use of this equipment,
the close contact between banker and cus-
tomer is maintained, and the fear of the
ever recurring visits of bandits is elimi-

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 37 ►

JANUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

nated in the minds of the bank employees.
This helps efficiency and morale. Deposit-
ors and users of safe deposit boxes, also
have thorough confidence in the bank's
undoubted security.

With plenty of less dangerous banks to
attack, bandits go elsewhere and ply their
trade with little or no personal danger.

The new menace to the isolated bank,
and even to the bank in the crowded city

thoroughfare, which has developed with
the increase in bank daylight robberies, is
thus squarely met.

An infinite variety of interesting archi-
tectural treatments is possible with this
equipment and the ingenuity of architects
in future banks will undoubtedly produce
some new developments in design, as well
as in heretofore vulnerable theater booths
and cashiers' windows.

NEW YORK'S LATEST SKYSCRAPERS
Photo in Camera Craft by Garabrant

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

^ 38 ►

JANUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

PORTFOLIO

PENCIL DRAWINGS
and SKETCHES

by
R. J. BISHOP

Subjects are in
Washington State

< 39 ►

UNDER 11TH STREET BRIDGE. TACOMA, WASHINGTON
DRAWN WITH CONTE PENCIL BY R. J. BISHOP

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER ^ 41 ► JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

STATE CAPITAL BUILDING. OLYMPIA. WASHINGTON

PENCIL SKETCH BY R. J. BISHOP

(This sketch was made at the joint meeting in Olympia
of the Oregon-Washington Chapters, A.I.A.)

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER -^ 43 ► JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

DREDGERS AT WORK

DRAWN WITH SOFT LEAD PENCIL BY R. J. BISHOP

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER ^ 45 ► JANUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

CORNER IN ARCHITECTS OFFICE
CHARCOAL SKETCH BY R. J. BISHOP

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER -^ 47 ^ JANUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

&uU**4 tc/U*^ CX^.^i

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, TACOMA, WASHINGTON
DRAWN WITH BLACK CHALK BY R. J. BISHOP

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER -^ 49 ^ JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

PVl

4JTV

ST. LUKES CHURCH, TACOMA
DRAWN WITH BLACK CHALK BY R. J. BISHOP

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER -^ 51 ► JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

ADVANTAGES OF HOUSE
INSULATION

.N the native's tropical
hut, in the Eskimo's icy shelter, and in the
twentieth century home, protection against
the elements is a common problem.

Thick layers of grass thatch the huts of
the African natives to shield them from the
sun. In the arctic regions, refuge from the
sweeping blasts of cold is sought in igloos
built layer upon layer of loosely packed
snow blocks. In the modern home, com-
fort, as well as protection, is made possible
through the use of the various building
products now available.

In each case protection against heat or
cold is attained through the use of mater-
ials having a structure composed of mil-
lions of minute air pockets. The history of
insulation dates from the time such mater-
ials were first turned to man's need. Where
nature stopped in providing inexpensive
materials with good insulating properties,
human ingenuity has carried on, until today
there are scores of specially prepared
products for use in building construction.

These man-made heat-resisting products
are built into the walls, floors, and roofs
of modern homes either as structural parts
of the building or as materials added
purely for their insulating value. Although
generally they may be installed more easily
and economically at the time of building,
they also may be applied to houses already
erected. In fact, insulation has come to
play an important part in making comfort-
able those homes which originally were not
constructed to take sufficient account of
heat leakage.

If materials with poor insulating proper-
ties are used, greater attention must be

*A report of the Subcommittee on House Insulation, its Economies
and Application, of the National Committee on Wood Utilization, U. S.
Dept. of Commerce.

RUSSELL E. BACKSTROM

Insulation Specialist

given to heating the home than otherwise,
and more fuel is required. Not only are
comfort and health promoted by the proper
use of materials with high insulating val-
ues, but appreciable savings are made pos-
sible. Even in the insulated house, how-
ever, considerable heat may pass through
glass and leak through cracks around open-
ings. Obviously, such heat loss is not af-
fected by insulation in walls and roofs. To
obtain maximum protection against such
conditions, storm windows and doors, as
well as calking and weather stripping
around all windows and doors, will be
found effective.

Aside from its place in the construction
of the home, insulation has numerous ad-
ditional uses. Moreover, its effects are so
far-reaching that there is hardly a person
who is not benefited by its use.

Fast cross-country trains, made up of
refrigerator cars adequately protected with
insulation against the ever-changing temp-
eratures of summer and winter, carry their
contents of meats, dairy products, fruits,
and vegetables to distant cities. Sleeping
cars, as well as chair cars, are thoroughly
insulated, to insure greater comfort for
passengers.

Refrigerators, whether cooled mechanic-
ally or with ice, are specially constructed
and insulated, to prevent food spoilage and
to insure efficient and economical opera-
tion.

The motorist frequently does not realize
that his automobile is insulated. Upon ex-
amination, however, it will be found that
most passenger cars have a layer of heat-
resisting material in the dash-board to pro-
tect the driver from the heat of the engine.

Cabin airplanes are insulated to main-
tain comfort for their passengers in the
frigid high altitudes.

^53 ►

In his polar expeditions, Rear Admiral
Richard E. Byrd used insulation to protect
men and equipment from the severe cold.

Although the value of insulation is ob-
vious, the problem for the home builder or
home owner is how to obtain maximum ef-
fectiveness from the wide assortment of
materials available for insulating purposes.
He is looking for a product that will give
adequate protection with a minimum cost
of material and labor.

Methods of application are equally as
important as the selection of the material
itself. Those who would have the greatest
home comfort, therefore, will benefit by a
knowledge of the fundamentals of insula-
tion.

Economy and comfort are the two out-
standing reasons for installing insulation in
a home. On cold days uniform comfortable
temperatures are obtained at minimum ex-
pense and effort if the house is adequately
insulated. On summer days, insulation
helps to keep rooms, both upstairs and
down, comparatively cool and comfortable.

In cold climates economy is effected
through lowered fuel costs and smaller
heating plants. Should cooling be resorted
to in hot weather, air conditioning plants
may be maintained more economically in
insulated buildings.

Comfort, although it can not be meas-
ured in terms of dollars and cents, is
equally important, because frequently it is
directly related to health. In the well-in-
sulated house, comfort is more readily as-
sured through uniform temperatures and
decreased drafts. In winter months the
need for frequent furnace firing is lessened.
When the mercury is up around the 90°
mark, insulation helps to shut out the ex-
cessive heat of the sun, thereby reducing
the afternoon room temperatures, and mak-
ing the upper floor rooms comfortable.

Since insulation enhances the comfort
and desirability of a house, it naturally fol-
lows that well-insulated houses should rep-
resent greater loan and resale values.

The cost of insulating is but a small pro-
portion of the total cost of the house and
the resulting additional comfort and fuel
saving are considerable.

Lower Fuel Costs

Even with the heating plant functioning
at its best, only 50 to 75 per cent of the
available heat in the fuel is actually trans-
mitted to those parts of the house to be
warmed. Some of the heat escapes through
the chimney, and some is lost because of
poor firing. Under these conditions, it be-
hooves the home owner to take every prac-
ticable step possible to conserve heat. In-
sulation of walls, floors, and ceiling is an
excellent means to this end.

Other things being equal, the house pro-
tected with effective insulation will require
less fuel to maintain the same degree of
comfort than the house which is without
insulation. This fuel saving over a period
of a few years usually will pay for the in-
sulating material. Factors that determine
the length of this period are ( 1 ) the net
cost of the material installed and ( 2 ) the
value of the fuel saved. In localities where
the winters are long and severe or where
the fuel is expensive, the cost of insulation
may be repaid in a comparatively short
time — in many instances from two to four
years. In climates only moderately cold,
however, or where cheap fuel is used, this
period will be considerably longer.

The United States Bureau of Standards
gives the following approximate yearly
savings in fuel from insulating the ordinary
dwelling. These savings are expressed in
percentage of fuel which would have been
required for a similar house without insul-
ation or weather stripping, and are based
on the assumption that the insulation is
applied to both walls and roof, and that it
is not used to replace any other material
in the uninsulated structure.

Adding one-half-inch layer of insulation
saves 20 to 30 per cent.

Adding 1-inch layer of insulation saves
30 to 40 per cent.

Smaller Heating Systems
Since insulation reduces the amount of
heat needed to maintain comfortable living
conditions, it follows that a smaller heat-
ing system will suffice in an insulated struc-
ture. In the event of hot-water, steam, or
vapor system is used, smaller or fewer rad-
iators, and possibly a smaller boiler, may

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

^ 54 ►

JANUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

reasonably represent a substantial saving
on the part of the owner. This initial sav-
ing, which often is applied toward the cost
of the insulation, may represent approxi-
mately 5 to 15 per cent of the cost of the
heating equipment.

With a warm-air system, however, the
initial cost of which is usually less than that
of the other types, considerably smaller
savings will result from a reduction in size
of furnace and piping.

In houses where the heating equipment
is found to be too small, insulation in the
walls and roofs will serve as an effective
means of conserving heat, thereby tending
to offset the inadequacy of the system.

Bodily comfort, which depends so much
upon proper room temperature and proper
humidity, may be more readily assured
when the walls and roof of the home are
protected with an efficient heat-resisting
material. By retarding the escape of heat,
insulation makes possible uniform temper-
atures throughout. Large temperature var-
iations frequently found in the rooms of
an uninsulated house are practically elimi-
nated in a well-insulated structure. More-
over, when the house is adequately insul-
ated, properly humidified air, so conducive
of good health, may be maintained with
little danger from condensation and the
consequent marring of walls and ceilings.

Tests made recently at the University
of Illinois indicate that with the same room
temperature in two houses — one with walls
insulated and windows storm-proofed, and
the other without such protection — the
body would have a greater sensation of
comfort in the insulated house. This is ex-
plained by the fact that the walls and glass
in the insulated house, with their conse-
quent higher inside surface temperature,
have a less chilling effect upon the body
than the colder surfaces of the uninsulated
structure.

Just as in winter the use of insulation
retards the passage of heat from the inside
to the outside of a house, so in summer
it resists the inward flow of heat. That is
why it is easier to maintain comfortable
temperatures in the well-insulated house
during hot summer days than in the non-

insulated structure. Numerous experience
records show that the adding of insula-
tion has, in many cases, resulted in reduc-
ing room temperatures from 10° to 15° be-
low those of the uninsulated house.
Air Conditioning

It has been predicted that within a few
years the householder will make his own
weather the year around, furnishing heat
and properly moistened air to his home in
winter, and cool, refreshing air during the
hot summer months. When this time ar-
rives, walls and roofs having high resist-
ance to heat passage will be essential for
the economical operation of the cooling
equipment. With this in mind, therefore,
far-sighted home owners who build now
will give serious consideration to this mat-
ter of providing their homes with effective
insulation.

A cold spell customarily leads to unus-
ual demands on heating facilities. Fires
are given full draft and furnaces pushed to
the utmost. Unless care is taken, over-
heating with its consequent danger of set-
ting fire to the house may result. In an in-
sulated structure, such hazards are re-
duced, since a sudden drop in outside tem-
perature does not effect a correspondingly
sudden inside variation.

Types of Insulation

During the past few years there has
arisen an ever-increasing demand for in-
sulating materials. As a result, new prod-
ucts are constantly appearing on the mar-
ket. In the United States alone, there are
more than 40 different brands of insula-
tion from which the consumer may choose.

The various insulating materials com-
monly used in building construction fall
into four general classes, namely, ( 1 ) rigid,
(2) semi-rigid, (3) flexible, and (4) fill.
The names of these types are descriptive of
the materials themselves.*

Rigid insulation is manufactured in
panels of various sizes. In addition to in-
sulating properties, this type usually pos-
sesses structural strength. It can be sawed
and nailed, and certain makes are often
described as "board insulation."

*Insulating matt-rials, especially the rigid or board type, should not be
confused with fabricated "uallboards," some of which are made from
similar raw materials. Wallboards usually are thinner and denser than
the fibrous insulating boards.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

A w ►

JANUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

The rigid form is adapted to a wide
range of uses. In the construction of a
house it may be employed solely for its
insulating value. Because of its rigidity,
however, it is often utilized as a combina-
tion insulating and structural material, such
as sheathing on the outside of framing
members, and as a plaster base within.
Frequently it is used to form attractive wall
surfaces for various rooms in the house.

Structural rigid insulation is commonly
made in panels 4 feet wide and 6, 7, 8, 8^2,
9. 10 and 12 feet long, and usually in
thicknesses of approximately " one-half,
three-fourths, and 1 inch.

Some fiber boards and other insulating
materials, such as cork board, are produced
in small panels having thicknesses of 1, 1 J^,
2, or 3 inches. Widths of these panels
range from 12 to 24 inches and lengths
from 32 to 64 inches.

Rigid insulation for plaster base is man-
ufactured 16 to 24 inches wide and 48
inches long. The lengthwise edges of these
pieces usually are tongued and grooved,
or ship-lapped. Small plaster base sheets,
in general, come in thicknesses of approxi-
mately one-half, three-fourths, and 1 inch.

Panels of semirigid insulation, sometimes
called "felts," are less rigid than board in-
sulation and possess a certain degree of
flexibility. In some instances these panels
are combined with metal lath.

Semirigid materials serve primarily as
insulation. These products are manufac-
tured in sheets approximately one-fourth,
one-half, three-fourths, and 1 inch in
thickness; in widths of 16^/2, 24^, 32, 36,
and 48 inches; and in lengths of Ax/i, 8, 8^4,
9, 9]/2, and 10 feet. The panels to which
metal lath is attached usually are 24 inches
wide, 42 inches long, and one-half to 1
inch in thickness.

Flexible insulating material consists of a
loosely felted, fibrous mat usually covered
on both sides with a layer of paper or fab-
ric. It is sometimes referred to as "blanket"
and "quilt" insulation.

Flexible insulation is used solely for its
insulating properties. Because of its non-
structural character it will not serve as
sheathing or plaster base — it is always

used in addition to standard construction.
Its light weight and loosely matted form
make it suitable for packing cracks around
openings and for fitting into irregular-
shaped spaces. Flexible insulation is pro-
duced in strips approximately 17, 25, 33,
and 36 inches wide, and in lengths up to
100 feet. The thickness ranges from one-
fourth inch to 1 inch.

Fill insulation is powdered, granulated,
or shredded material. It comes in bulk lots
and, as the name implies, is used for filling
spaces in wall, floor, and ceiling.

Fill material can be applied in houses
under construction or those already com-
pleted by packing or blowing it into spaces
between framing members. Its insulating
value varies with the properties of the raw
materials used and according to the dens-
ity with which the material is packed. Fill
insulation is usually placed between studs,
ceiling joists, and roof rafters, where it
fills spaces of considerable size.

Insulating products are manufactured
from a variety of raw materials. Those
commonly used are: Asbestos, bagasse
(sugar-cane stalks), cork, cornstalks, cot-
ton, eel grass, flax straw, gypsum, hair,
jute, kapok, lead slag, licorice roots, lime-
stone, moss, paper pulp, wheat straw, and
wood.

As the National Committee on Wood
Utilization deals primarily with forest
products, materials other than wood are
discussed only briefly in this bulletin.
Products manufactured from other raw
materials may be equally effective and may
give equally satisfactory service, and many
of the statements made with reference to
wood products apply as well to similar
products made from other materials.

Since it is a good heat insulator, wood
has become a widely used raw material
for insulating products. It is economical
and readily available. In instances where
the manufacturing plant is operated in con-
nection with a sawmill or paper mill, the
slabs, edginqs, and trimmings of logs and
screenings from pulp are utilized as raw
material. Formerly much of this material
was burned or otherwise destroyed. In
other cases, trees that can not be utilized

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER -^ 56 ► JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

economically for lumber are employed in
the manufacture of insulating materials.

General Considerations

Most building materials possess heat-
resisting properties to some degree. Those
products known as commercial insulating
materials, however, have these properties
to such an extent that even relatively thin
layers will retard effectively the passage
of heat.

It is a recognized fact that differences
exist in the insulating values of the respec-
tive heat-resisting materials. In fibrous
products these differences are attributed to
such factors as the kind of raw material,
the size and arrangement of fibers, the
moisture content, and the density with
which the fibers are packed. In determin-
ing the relative insulating value of the var-
ious commercial heat-resisting materials,
density is probably the most important
consideration, and it may be said that "in
general, the lighter the material per unit of
total volume, the better its insulating value
per inch of thickness." (This refers only
to the insulating properties of dry mater-
ials in still air.)

Greater effectiveness results when the
insulating material is used in addition to
the standard construction, rather than to
replace another product such as wood lath
or sheathing. This is obvious when it is
considered that the building products re-
placed usually have insulating values which
necessarily are lost when those materials
are omitted from the construction.

Insulating materials show greater effec-
tiveness when applied in the middle of an
air space, such as that between the studs
in a frame wall, than when placed on con-
tact with another material such as sheath-
ing, lath, or plaster. The reason is that an
additional air pocket is formed, which is in
itself somewhat of an insulator. A '/-inch
layer of insulation applied in the center of
an air space is the equivalent of a little
more than three-quarters of an inch added
at some other place in the wall; a 1-inch
layer is the equivalent of a little more than
1 Y\ inches.

The heat loss from the average uninsul-
ated house during the winter months is es-

timated as follows: 40 to 60 per cent goes
directly through walls, floors, and roofs;
15 to 30 per cent leaks through cracks and
crevices; and 20 to 35 per cent is conducted
through windows and doors.

In poorly built houses a much greater
loss occurs through cracks and crevices. In
such cases it is not uncommon to find large
openings at the eaves where the wall
sheathing has not been carried up between
the rafters. This permits cold air to sweep
across the attic floor, carrying away heat
which has escaped from the rooms below.
In the basement, excessive leakage may
occur at the sill where the framework and
foundation meet. To prevent the sacrifice
of the effectiveness of insulation, all such
cracks and openings, as well as those
around windows and doors, must be
blocked off. In some instances the insul-
ating material itself can be used as calking
for this purpose.

The home builder should realize that de-
spite the numerous advantages of insula-
tion, its application is limited, after all, to
walls, floors, and roofs — those parts of a
house which are responsible for only a por-
tion of the total heat passage. Obviously,
a house that is drafty because of loose-fit-
ting construction can not be heated prop-
erly, regardless of how well it is insulated.

From a standpoint of winter comfort
and fuel saving, all wall, roof, and floor
areas exposed to cold temperatures should
be insulated. Cornices should be tightly
constructed, especially between the raft-
ers. "Fire stops," particularly at floor
levels, used to block off air passage in case
of fire inside the walls, will act also as val-
uable aids in preventing heat loss. Such
construction minimizes air circulation with-
in the -walls and prevents the direct escape
of heat caused by the "chimney effect" of
an unobstructed vertical air space. Win-
dows and doors should be weather-
stripped, and cracks around frames in mas-
onry walls should be calked. In climates
where severe weather prevails, windows
and doors should be storm-proofed. With
generally tight construction throughout
then, the house will have maximum protec-
tion against changing temperatures.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 57 ►

JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY- TWO

C— rr-. — 'HE voices in the House of a Thousand
Voices began to speak. Herbert Hoover.
Ill standing in the cabinet room of the
White House, said, "The opening of the new
Waldorf-Astoria is an
rvent in the advance-
ment of hotels." In
New York, Lucius
Boomer, president of
the Waldorf, thanked
Mr. Hoover and said.
"We have built with
confidence in our coun-
try's growth and pros-
perity."

Erno Rapee's sym-
phony orchestra, play-
ing in the grand ball
room, swung into the
Star Spangled Banner
and some 12,000 peo-
ple who were at that
moment streaming
through not only the

ouse o

Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. New Y>

Room guest selects one of the six programs made avail-
able through the hotel's radio distribution system and this
specially designed loudspeaker

ball room, but the foyer, lobby, walks,
corridors and dining rooms of the new
hotel, stood stock still.

No matter where their curiosity to see
had taken them — whether to the intimacy
of Peacock Alley, the murals of the Sert
Room, the colors of the Empire Room —
their curiosity to hear was being satis-
fied. The program reached them from
loudspeakers which gently proclaimed
their message from walls, ceilings and
doorways. The loudspeakers were heard
but not seen. Only the practiced eye
could tell that from this piece of fancy
grille-work, from that silk curtain, or this
sliding panel of glass, the words of Mr.
Hoover. Mr. Boomer and the strains of
the Star Spangled Banner were issuing.

The opening of the new Waldorf-As-
toria attracted in all some 20.000 people
to view its sumptuous interiors. All after-
noon and evening notables, greater and
lesser, poured through its portals, gazing,
touching, listening, exclaiming, while

<« ►

ousan

oices

These programs can originate from any com-
bination of three sources: radio, picked up from
the air or wired directly into the hotel from
broadcasting studios; events going on in any
of the hotel's public
rooms; recorded enter-
tainment as furnished
by two music repro-
ducers.

The particular com-
bination that is being
offered at any time is
determined by the pro-
gram director. He can,
for instance, be pick-
ing all six out of the
air if he wishes. Or
he can offer three ra-
dio programs, the
music of one of the
hotel's orchestras,
speeches going on at
a banquet in the hotel,

Room 615 in the Waldorf-Astoria, where programs are

switched from radio to public rooms to phonographs, and

the quality of reproduction is supervised

some of the gray-haired stopped to tell
Oscar how they remembered the day
when the first Waldorf opened long ago.

Room 615, marked "Radio", was quite
remote from this stir. There, in panel
after panel of shining black rising from
floor to ceiling, tubes glowed yellow and
blue, needles danced over dials and
gentlemen with fingers that know the feel
of a tuning knob kept a sharp eye on these
things and a sharp ear on the declara-
tions emerging from a loudspeaker mod-
estly housed behind a mural grille. This
was the control room, nerve center of the
most complete system for the electrical
distribution of entertainment ever brought
together under one roof. The Bell Lab-
oratories have so ingeniously designed
this system that the gentlemen at the
dials can do with it about anything that
now lies within the realm of loudspeakers,
microphones, radios and phonographs.

Six programs can be made available
simultaneously over the entire system.

The curtain above this doorway in one of the public rooms of the
Waldorf-Astoria conceals a loudspeaker

A 59 ►

and phonograph records. What can be
done with these programs after he has
them? First, he can amplify them into
one or all of the 1 7 public rooms in the
hotel; second, he can send them to the
1,940 guest rooms; third, he can transmit
three of them to broadcasting studios by
wire.

Or look at it another way. A notable
is making an important speech in one of
the public rooms. His words are picked up
by a microphone. They can be amplified
in the room where he stands, in every other
public room, in every guest room, and sim-
ultaneously be going to a broadcasting
studio and from thence on the air.

Microphones can be connected at 72
locations in the hotel where events are
likely to occur. Twenty-five loudspeakers,
ranging in size from several as tall as a
man, to a variety of smaller ones, give
every public room a voice.

Every guest room is connected to the
system. A guest wants radio service. He
notifies the hotel switchboard and in a few
moments a loudspeaker is delivered to his
room and plugged in for him. This loud-
speaker, displaying the Waldorf mono-
gram, has two controls: one to select a
program from the six channels; the other
for volume. The maximum volume avail-
able is determined in the control room so
that it can never be loud enough to annoy
guests in adjoining rooms.

In the array of equipment in the control
room are six modern broadcast receivers.
The amplifiers are 250 times as powerful
as the average home radio set used to oper-
ate loudspeakers.

Six hundred feet above the street level
are three antennas. One is the pick-up for
the general radio distribution system and
feeds it over a transmission line 700 feet
long The antenna itself is terminated in
special protective and impedance-matching
equipment located in a small metal box in-
side one of the towers of the hotel. The
transmission line is probably the longest in
anv system of this kind.

Two additional antennas are strung be-
tween the towers. They supply radio re-
ception to the 138 private suites in the

towers. Residents in these suites can have
their own radios and pick up any program
they please without disturbing the recep-
tion of their neighbors using the same an-
tenna. This is made possible by an im-
proved method designed by the Bell Lab-
oratories.

Each of the tower antennas is terminated
in equipment similar to the terminal of the
main antenna. From this equipment, a
transmission line leads down into the inte-
rior of the towers, following one of the
steel structural columns. On each floor are
located "electrical closets" which contain
separate amplifiers for each suite. The long
experience of our engineers in the design
of transmission lines enabled them so to
perfect this system that the private radio
sets can be located as much as 250 feet
from the amplifier. Heretofore the maxi-
mum distance has been 20 feet. This often
necessitated placing the amplifying equip-
ment right in the suite.

Among the imperfections long encount-
ered by those using "community" anten-
nas, have been hum modulation, phantom
stations and the squealing fed back into
the system by the tuning of a heterodyne
set somewhere else on the line. These have
been eliminated in the Waldorf's tower
system by such devices as balanced, neut-
ralized amplifiers and indirect heater tubes.
The result is that the radio user gets the
same quality as though he used a private
antenna.

In the ground ball room is a perma-
nent installation of sound picture appa-
ratus of the theatrical type and there are
also portable sound picture systems which
can bring the talkies to any public room in
the hotel.

Telephones and teletypewriters, caring
for both the spoken and written message,
represent the most extensive communication
system ever installed in any hotel served
by the Bell System. The switchboard has
positions for 28 operators. Approximately
3,200 telephones are provided for guests,
in addition to the private telephones in the
Tower suites served by individual lines to
the central office. About 600 of the tele-
phones are portable handsets which may

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

^60 ►

JANUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

be plugged into the rooms as guests find it
convenient.

For the use of the management there is
a dial system capable of serving about 500
telephones located in executive quarters,
corridors, pantries, etc. These telephones
can connect with the guests through the
manual switchboard. The entire system is
served by 125 trunk lines to the central
office.

The teletypewriter system, although it
operates so unobtrusively that for the most
part it is unnoticed by guests, nevertheless
caters materially to their needs. It com-
prises 66 machines, divided into two main
groups. One group handles the business
attendant upon arrivals and departures.
When a guest comes to the hotel, word of
his arrival precedes him with a speed that
is as flattering as it is mysterious. The sec-

ond group handles paging and messages.
If the guest sought for is out, the message
intended for him is sent by teletype to his
floor and is delivered to him when he re-
turns. From any one of the sending ma-
chines in the telephone room messages may
be transmitted to receiving machines which
are accessible to the bell captain, porter,
tower housekeeper, room clerk, valet or to
receiving machines located on 22 floors
and in the tower office.

Viewed altogether, the Waldorf em-
bodies a striking concentration of commun-
ication equipment. Here in one building
are talking pictures, phonographs, radio
programs, public address systems, tele-
typewriters, and telephones, dial and man-
ual. The hotel is very nearly a recapitula-
tion of the products that have sprung from
the laboratories of telephony.

SUGGESTION FOR A MONUMENTAL SHAFT
ON TELEGRAPH HILL, SAN FRANCISCO
By Renato Corte

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

<*61 ►

JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

• ■ *

'On'

•I

fit

POST-OFFICE BUILDING,
BEVERLY HILLS. CALIFORNIA
Ralph C. Flewelling, Architect
Allison and Allison, Consultants

■

Conr!< n Southwest Conti

POST-OFFICE BUILDING,
MERCED. CALIFORNIA
Allison and Allison. Architects

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER ^ 62 ^^ JANUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

ENGINEERING

and

CONSTRUCTION

THE STANDARDIZATION OF
SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS
AND EQUIPMENT

Standardization is

essentially the bed-rock of civilization. The
origin of standardization goes back to the
crude beginning of human culture. The
earliest records of which we now have any
knowledge were the standards of weights
and measures of ancient Babylonia and
Egypt. The Ten Commandments are basic
standards of modern ethics. Barter and
trade developed a standard medium of ex-
change or money. The development of
these early standards to the present meth-
ods of effecting commercial transactions
is a history of interest and value that can-
not be covered here.

In this brief introduction I simply wish
to emphasize that standardization has been
essential to the development of our civiliza-
tion and is particularly necessary now if
we are to advance in the next decade at
the pace we have in the past. No one can
doubt that the standardization of materials,

Editor's Note: This paper was presented before the California Section,
American Water Works Association, at Stockton, October 28-31, 1931.
While its contents are intended to appeal primarily to water works men.
the bulk of the matter is applicable to most construction and building
work. The author is Pacific Coast manager of the Robert W. Hunt
Company, engineers.

F. M. RANDLETT
C. E.

of machines, of processes, and of products
of manufacture, has been one of the prime
aids to American progress.

Before proceeding directly to my sub-
ject, I feel it necessary to emphasize three
matters that should be given careful con-
sideration by all engineers preparing spe-
cifications and contracts. First, the use of
standard terms, abbreviations, symbols,
constants, and other nomenclature. We
engineers must use a standard language to
be properly understood. Second, our spe-
cifications, contracts, and other technical
procedure must not overlook dimensional
standards that have been set for various
commodities of which mention might be
made of bolts and nuts, pipe flanges, fit-
tings, etc. Third, we should follow a stand-
ard form in the preparation of contracts
and specifications so that nothing is over-
looked and that important general matters
such as responsibility, payments, etc., are
legally covered.

With these matters so briefly disposed
of, we approach the subject "Standardiza-
tion of Specifications for Materials and
Equipment", as follows:

< 63 ►

We probably will never reach the point
where standardization of specifications can
extend to the complete specifications for a
project. Standard specifications cannot
conceivably replace the service furnished
by the Water Works engineer in drawing
up a specification in a contract form for
a water works installation. This is mani-
fest, as geographically, geologically, bio-
logically, and logically, conditions are dif-
ferent. However, the standardization of
specifications for materials and equipment
is of prime importance to the Water Works
engineer in enabling him to fit into his pro-
ject, standard materials and equipment;
that make it possible for him to turn out a
finished installation with a maximum of
efficiency, hydraulically, mechanically,
electrically, and financially. The recogni-
tion and use of such standard specifica-
tions enables him to concentrate his atten-
tion to the planning of the installation and
to the development of specification require-
ments for such materials and equipment as
may not yet be covered by standard speci-
fications. If you will please accept this view
of the way of using standard specifica-
tions, you will recognize that the work of
the engineer is far from weakened by his
use of standard specifications. His opera-
tion is definitely strengthened, as he is
using the judgment of the entire engineer-
ing profession.

The use of the word "standard" natur-
ally raises the question — what is a stand-
ard specification? Primarily a standard
specification is a specification adopted as
standard by some party. First, a specifica-
tion may be a standard of one consumer
or it may be that of the manufacturer
where a specialty is involved. When such
a specification is found effective its use
naturally extends to other consumers as a
result of the brotherhood of engineers.
When it has spread this far, the associa-
tion of consuming interests, such as our
own American Water Works Associa-
tion, may advance the specification to a
standard of that association. By that time,
the standard reaches recognition in trade
from the manufacturing point of view. The
material or equipment is used in other in-

dustries. The next stage is that repre-
sented in the activities of the American
Society for Testing Materials which rep-
resents the collaboration of various con-
suming interests with producing interests
in the standardization of material specifi-
cations. Beyond this, we have the final
national classification of the American
Standards Association.

It is the purpose of the American Stand-
ard Association to serve as a clearing
house through which trade associations,
technical societies or governmental depart-
ments can develop national standards. To-
day, the American Standards Association
is essentially a federation of forty-five na-
tional technical societies, trade associations
and Federal Government Departments. In
the formulation of their Sectional Commit-
tees to which are assigned the standardiza-
tion of particular materials or equipment,
it is necessary that they appoint represent-
atives from all consuming and producing
interests that use or manufacture such ma-
terials or equipment in the United States.

It is not necessary for the water works
engineer to use only such standards as
have been advanced to American Stand-
ards Association approval. To use the ad-
vantages of standardization, the standards
of any individual engineer, any trade as-
sociation, technical society, or govern-
ment department can be taken. They are
all based on careful study and serve a defi-
nite purpose, that is valuable when prop-
erly applied to your uses.

Even with the greatest possible use of
existing standards, there will be many ma-
terials and equipment items on which you
individually must sooner or later commence
to set your own individual standards, put-
ting them in line for group use, associating
use, and eventuallv national standard use.
To do this you will continually have work
to do in the formulation of specifications.
In the preparation of any such specifica-
tions, there are certain major matters that
are worthy of mention.

1. A specification for a product should contain
the fewest possible restrictions, consistent with
obtaining the material desired.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 64 ►

JANUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

2. The service which the product is to perform,
in connection with reasonably feasible possibili-
ties in its manufacture, should determine the lim-
itations of a specification.

3. All parties whose interests are affected by
a specification should have a voice in its prepara-
tion.

4. Excessively severe limitations in a specifica-
tion are suicidal. They lead to constant demands
for concessions, which must be made if the work
is to be kept going, or to more or less successful
efforts at evasion. Better a few moderate require-
ments rigidly enforced, than a mass of excessive
limitations, which are difficult of enforcement,
and which lead to constant friction and sometimes
to deception.

5. There is no real reason why a specification
should not contain limitations derived from any
source of knowledge. If the limitations shown by
physical test are sufficient to define the necessary
qualities of the material, and this test is simplest
and most easily made, the specifications may
reasonably be confined to this. If a chemical
analysis or a microscopic examination, or a state-
ment of the method of manufacture, or informa-
tion from all four, or even other sources, are
found useful or valuable in defining limitations.
or in deciding upon the quality of products fur-
nished, there is no legitimate reason why such in-
formation should not appear in the specifications.
Neither the producer nor the consumer has a right
to arrogate to himself the exclusive right to use
information from any source.

6. Proprietary articles and commercial products
made by processes under the control of the man-
ufacturer cannot, from the nature of the case, be
made the subject of standard specifications. The
very idea of a specification involves the existence
of a mass of common knowledge in regard to
any product, which knowledge is more or less
available to both producer and consumer. If the
manufacturer or producer has opportunities, which
are not available to the consumer, of knowing
how the variation of certain constituents in his
product, will affect that product during manufac-
ture, so also does the consumer, if he is philo-
sophic and is a student, have opportunities not
available to the producer, of knowing how the
same variation of constituents in the product will
affect that product in service under special con-
ditions with which he is familiar, and it is only
by the two working together and combining the

special knowledge of each, that a really valuable
specification can be made.

7. A complete workable specification should
contain the information needed by all those who
must necessarily use it in obtaining the product
desired.

8. Where methods of testing, analysis, or in-
spection are well known and understood, it is
sufficient if the specification simply refers to them.
Where new or unusual tests are required, or
where different well-known methods give differ-
ent results, it is essential to embody, in the spe-
cification, sufficient description to prevent doubt
or ambiguity.

9. All specifications in actual practical daily
use need revision from time to time, as new in-
formation is obtained, due to progress in knowl-
edge, changes in methods of manufacture, and
changes in the use of products. A new specifica-
tion, that is, one for a product which has hitherto
been bought on the reputation of the makers and
without any examination as to quality, will be
fortunate if it does not require revision in from
6 to 10 months after it is first issued.

10. A complete workable specification for a
product represents a very high order of work.
It should combine within itself the harmonized
antagonistic interests of both the producer and
the consumer, it should have the fewest possible
requirements consistent with securing a satis-
factory product, should be so comprehensive as
to leave no chance for ambiguity or doubt, and
above all, should provide for inspection and tests
that will protect the consumer in his purchase.

There is at present a distinction exist-
ing between standard specifications for
materials and standard specifications for
equipment. In our consideration of both of
these subjects, we will confine our atten-
tion to engineering materials and engineer-
ing equipment.

Standard specifications for materials
are essentially standards of quality involv-
ing test requirements that indicate a proper
measure of usefulness. In addition to qual-
ity requirements they should include pro-
visions that will result in a high standard
of usefulness in their application. Such
items are tolerances, workmanship, and in-
spection provisions. Not only should ma-
terial comply with certain stated quality
requirements but should comply with

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

^ 65 ►

JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

standards of first-class workmanship in all
particulars. When materials are bought in
considerable quantities or where they are
vital construction materials, or where they
are materials essential to the continuous
operation of a plant or machine, or when
their failure in service will involve danger
to human life or probable service or where
failures may result in appreciable mone-
tary loss, such material must be most thor-
oughly inspected. Otherwise the prepara-
tion of any specification is superfluous. In-
spection of such materials can best be done
and most effectively accomplished at the
point of manufacture by direct representa-
tives of the consumers, and provisions in
the specifications must be made for such
inspection. A standard paragraph for this
requirement is as follows:

"The inspector representing the purchaser
shall have free entry at all times while work
on the contract of the purchaser is being per-
formed, to all parts of the manufacturers
works which concern the manufacture of the
material ordered. The manufacturer shall
afford the inspector, without charge, all rea-
sonable facilities to satisfy him that the ma-
terial is being furnished in accordance with
these specifications. All tests (except check
analyses ) and inspection shall be made at the
place of manufacture prior to shipment, un-
less otherwise specified, and shall be so con-
ducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with
the operation of the works."
Some have expressed opinions that this
clause should be a little more definite as to
furnishing facilities for examination of the
finished product of surface defects and
checking of dimensions and weights. Some
have even advocated that the acceptance
as to quality shall be final when inspection
is made and tests have been fulfilled.

There are other materials used in less
quantity and not so vital to the operation
of a plant or to safety that may not require
detailed inspection. In general, the inspec-
tion and test of such material is accomp-
lished by arranging for periodical tests on
samples taken at random from deliveries
made. No standard specification is satis-
factory to a consumer unless the material
furnished under it is regularly and con-

stantly being tested in accordance with the
requirements of said standard specifica-
tions.

Inspection and tests are a fundamental
adjunct to the entire program of standard-
ization and, as a matter of fact, to any suc-
cessful engineering construction.

The general term of "equipment" cov-
ers a large field — from small devices to the
largest mechanical and electrical equip-
ment. Generally speaking, the equipment
represents the development of individual
manufacturers. A standard specification
cannot be extended to the same detail as
can material specifications. There are, how-
ever, important points in connection with
the specifications for equipment that should
be carefully considered. Specifications for
operative efficiency for machines and de-
vices, known as standards of performance,
specifying the factors involved in terms
susceptible of measurement. Numerical
statement of speed, uniformity, output,
economy, durability, and other factors
which together define the net efficiency of
an appliance or machine.

It is also important to specify that mater-
ials used in the construction of such equip-
ment must be furnished to standard mater-
ial specifications so that proper standards
of materials shall be used in the construc-
tion thereof. In drafting such specifica-
tions, research data from experiments may
include any or all of the following:

(a) Listing the functions to be served.

( b ) Measuring the elements which serve
each item of use.

(d) Defining the basis of acceptance.

(e) Devising means to measure each
factor pertinent to the service.

(f) Including specifications for perform-
ance or duty tests.

The requirements for the large field of
equipment makes it practically impossible
to give a more comprehensive picture of the
method of arriving at sound and compre-
hensive specifications for equipment. Men-
tion, however, might be made of the fact
that municipal, state, and government
codes and regulations should be studied

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

<4 66 ►

JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

for the technical regulation of the construc-
tion and installation. Such codes provoke
efficiency and convenience in the mainten-
ance and operation of the equipment with
fire protection and safety provisions.

To much the same extent as on mater-
ials, specifications for equipment should in-
clude provisions for inspection and tests
os that the inspector representing the con-
sumer on vital equipment can see that
proper materials are used and that they
are fabricated in a first-class workmanlike
manner. Tests of completed equipment
when not of large size can be accomplished
at point of manufacture, but on large power
or pumping installations due provisions
should be made for duty or performance
tests after installation. These duty tests
should be conducted under the direct con-
trol of the consumer or representative and
be the basis of final acceptance and pay-
ment for the equipment.

Many of the standard specifications
cover requirement of a device or piece of
equipment in general as to dimensions and
capacity only. To such specifications must
be added such definite and concise state-
ments as will make it evident what require-
ments must be met as to strength, durabil-
ity and efficiency of operation.

Avoid general clauses that are not defi-
nite as they are usually matters of opinion
often impossible of enforcement and prob-
ably illegal.

The development and use of standard
specifications is a matter of vital import-
ance to progress. We are all in the public
service working for the welfare of civiliza-
tion. We are using the peoples' money to
do this. By developing and using standard
specifications, we engineers will keep
abreast of this age of scientific advance-
ment. The net result will be materials,
equipment, and installations that will give
the maximum of usefulness, serviceability
and efficiency — a maximum utility at a
minimum cost.

ENGINEERS QUALIFY

Authority to use the title "structural engineer"
has been granted by the Board of Registration
for Civil Engineers to the following California
engineers:

Charles J. Erickson. Beverly Hills.

Walter Putnam, Pasadena.

Harry W. Bolin, Charles N. Bley, Francis J.
Clapham. and Victor. H. Poss. Berkeley.

Merton C. Collins, Russel H. Cooley, Will G.
Corlett, Robert D. Dalton and Francis B. Plant,
Oakland.

Clarence H. Kromer and D. C. Willett, Sacra-
mento.

R. C. Buell, San Anselmo.

Wilhelm Adrian, Archibald A. Brown, H. }.
Brunnier, Thomas F. Chace, Erie L. Cope, Maur-
ice C. Couchot, William P. Day, W. H. Ellison,
Ernest D. Francis, John D. Gallaway, S. S. Gor-
man, Frederic F. Hall, Walter L. Huber, A. M.
Nishkian, Trygve Ronneberg, Jesse Rosenwald,
Earle Russell, A. V. Saph, Jr., C. H. Snyder.
Felix H. Spitzer, Harry E. Squire, Kaj Theill and
H. C. Vensano, San Francisco.

Stephenson B. Barnes, Rufus McC. Beanfield,
Oliver G. Bowen, Ralph A. DeLine, Clarence J.
Derrick, C. Dauel, Murray Erick, Preston M.
Jones, David H. Merrill, D. L. Narver, Llewellyn
A. Parker, Donald F. Shugart, W. E. Wilson,
H. C. Whittlesey, Edwin L. Bruner, Paul Jeffers,
Blaine Noice and J. G. Middleton of Los Angeles.

The section of the California State law under
which the above permits are issued, reads as fol-
lows:

"No person shall use the title 'structural engi-
neer' unless he is a registered civil engineer in
this state and furthermore, unless he is found
qualified as such structural engineer, according to
the rules and regulations established therefor by
the board of registration for civil engineers. Any-
one who violates the provisions of this section
is guilty of a misdemeanor."

John Bakewell, Jr., Lewis P. Hobart and
Emerson Kniqht have been appointed
members of the newly established San
Francisco Art Commission.

SACRAMENTO SCHOOL BUILDINGS
Architects for three new school buildings in
Sacramento have been selected. Charles F. Dean
will prepare the plans for the junior high school
in East Sacramento, Harry J. Devine will design
the Homeland-Curtis Park school, and William
E. CofFman was named architect of the Sacra-
mento Boulevard and Tenth Avenue school.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

<67 ►

JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

LET'S RIDE OUT OF THE VALLEY

Editor's Note — Charles R. Hook, President o[
the American Rolling Mill Company, recently de-
livered a message of optimism to the automobile
industry, oeer several of the Eastern broadcast-
ing stations.. If we could have a similar message
for the building industry it might help a lot.

ITH the turn of the year we are all hopeful
of better business, and many eyes are focused
on the automobile industry as the "bell-weather"
to lead business back into the channels of pros-
perous times.

The automobile is not a luxury — it is a neces-
sity. It has made it possible for us to live in
more congenial surroundings, away from crowded
districts. It has given breadth to life, and ex-
panded the horizon for individuals and families
alike.

This month will see the great automobile shows
teeming with crowds to view the industry's new
models, tempting in new line and color. Never
in the history of the automotive industry has there
been so much value offered at so little cost. Never
have automotive geniuses applied themselves to
the creation of physical comfort and perfected
mechanism with greater success.

The automobile, with its flowing robes of lac-
quered beauty, beckons the world to a return-
ing prosperity. The great automobile industry
consumes 18% of all the steel ingot production
in the United States; 40% of all the sheet steel
80% of all the gasoline; 84% of all the rubber
73% of all the plate glass; 26% of all the nickel
31% of all the lead; 589' of all the upholstery
materials: 17% of all the hardwood lumber; 37%
of all the aluminum: 15% of all the copper; 23%
of all the tin, and 15% of all the cotton.

If we convert these figures into man hours of
labor, we quickly get a realization of the tremend-

ous influence of automobile sales on the pros-
perity of the Nation.

Think of the tonnage that will move over our
railroads from the supplying industries just men-
tioned to the automobile factories and parts
makers, and think of the purchasing power of our
great transportation lines thus brought into ac-
tion, to start the employment of labor in the
great economic family dependent upon the rail-
road dollar.

It is natural for mankind to resist the inroads of
depression with general curtailment of buying.
However, we generally go too far in this respect
during trying times like the present, and our cau-
tion becomes the boomerang that stops the pur-
chase of our own goods and services.

The best investment any man can make, who
can do it, is to buy that new automobile. Re-
member, when you buy your new automobile, you
start a tremendous cycle of man hours of labor
in many of the basic industries of America.

Let's face the economic situation with a new
faith, that if every one who needs and can buy
a new automobile, a new radio, a new refriger-
ator, or a new anything, and will do so. the in-
creased prosperity from such a concerted move-
ment will more than pay each one of us individ-
ually for that purchase and it will place us well
on the road to business recovery.

So, let's use the marvelous, modern automo-
bile to ride out of the valley of depression on to
the broad highway of better times.

A 68 ►

SMALL HOUSE SERVICE BUREAU

Editor The Architect and Engineer:

Last month you published our letter addressed
to the American Institute of Architects and other
architectural organizations, anent the Architects'
Small House Service Bureau. Herewith is a copy
of our second letter and we shall welcome your
comments:

As a result of our letter of November 7th, we
have received great encouragement from many
architects and organizations. A committee is now
forming of delegates from the overwhelming num-
ber of organizations in and around New York
City that are in favor of severing the tie between
the American Institute of Architects and the
Architects Small House Service Bureau.

President Hoover's Conference on Home Build-
ing and Home Ownership held in Washington
December 2nd to 5th would seem to offer a fine
opportunity to further the splendid work of archi-
tects in the residential field. We hope this will
be the case despite the fact the president of the
Architects Small House Service Bureau was ap-
pointed the presidential advisor and is chairman
of the committee on design. Seven of the twenty-
five members of the committee are bureau officials.
We feel that the bureau has given itself a top-
heavy representation considering that those op-
posed to the bureau are apparently not repre-
sented at all. We sincerely hope the conference
will result in something better than more stock
plan and mass production propaganda. Some good
may come from the financial division if the pro-
posed real estate bank functions to provide mort-
gage money on a par with that provided by those
companies that embrace design, finance and con-
struction into one contract.

The bureau sells its plans to loan companies.
The architect is completely eliminated. This type
of firm is not confined solely to the residential
field and the profession may sometime be forced
to take issue in this matter in self-protection. The
aforesaid sales of bureau plans would tend to
prove extremely embarrassing unless either this
practice or the endorsement be stopped.

Leading architects publicly sponsor and endorse
bureau plans. Consequently the plans are open to
the public scrutiny. Procure the December issue
of one of Woolworth's five and ten cent store
magazines, "Love", "Home", "Movie" and "De-
tective", you will find a three-page article illus-
trating the first of a new series of four designs by
the Architects Small House Service Bureau. Con-
sider the stairway to the second floor. It starts
from the breakfast nook on the first floor plan: on
the second floor plan it apparently descends to
the sleeping porch; the article says it starts from
the back hall. The chimney back of the refriger-
ator evidently stops at the ceiling for it does not
appear on the second floor plan at the head of the

stairs to block the passage to the bedroom. Fur-
thermore we count seven rooms. The A. I. A.
restricted the bureau to six rooms. The article
asks for criticisms, so we have complied.

The North Central Division of the bureau
writes us as follows: "Out here, the so-called gen-
eral contractor is our arch enemy." Such an atti-
tude is not what one might call a tactful way of
securing the friendship that may be direly needed
sometime. Such statements, mistakes, unwise sales
and disloyal propaganda, of course, can be apolo-
gized for by the bureau but as long as the en-
dorsement holds, the entire profession must be
humiliated, too.

We feel that either the Architects Small House
Service Bureau should voluntarily resign from the
endorsement and stand on its own merits as the
architects must do, or the Institute should release
itself and be free to further the immediate inter-
ests of the architectural profession, without a
questionable consistency of purpose.

The architect of today is being hit on all sides.
Large construction companies offer architectural
service as a mere adjunct to their businesses, the
Federal Government is providing its own archi-
tectural services and the Architects Small House
Service Bureau is widely educating the public to
low fees and cheap stock plans. Let us rid our-
selves of this disunity in our own ranks and unite
in our common interests for self-preservation, and
strive together for public recognition of the real
value of the architect's services. We can then se-
cure legislative protection and with building per-
mits and mortgage loans made only on registered
architects' plans the public will be better served
and the architect can maintain his place as the
logical head of every building operation.

Your opinion either for or against will be of
great value in determining the issue.

Sincerely and fraternally yours,
THE ARCHITECTS LEAGUE OF
NORTHERN NEW JERSEY.

C. H. Tabor, Jr., President.

TACOMA SOCIETY

Tacoma Society of Architects held a well-
attended meeting in the Rhodes Tea Room, Ta-
coma, December 21.

Cooperation with other organizations for im-
provement of the downtown district, particularly
of store fronts and upper portions of older build-
ings now vacant, was the order of business.
Tendency of downtown property owners to em-
ploy Seattle architects in recent work was also
discussed.

After the meeting the members were taken
through the new telephone building by Mr. Wil-
liams and Ernest Mock of Tacoma, the latter
being associated with Bebb & Gould, architects
for the building.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

<4 69 ►

JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

The ARCHITECT'S

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS

VIEWPOINT

Clarence R. Ward . . . San Francisco

f Architectural Aberrations are Not Creations
f Old Buildings Need to be Modernized

Carleton M. WlNSLOW . Los Angeles
Harold W. Doty . . . Portland, Ore.

f Standardized Metal Houses Not Likely to

Charles H. Alden . . Seattle, Wash.

Become Popular

|NNATELY every architect desires to create something. In this era the urge
is to make it new or original. In such a frame of mind he is likely to forget
the fact that the major portion of his training is founded upon tradition and
in his effort to produce something to sell, he may destroy something of aes-
thetic as well as of intrinsic value even though it be only an idea. Architecture, being
one of the most potent of the agencies engaged in the solution of modern housing
problems, is at the same time largely responsible for the creation of the very conditions
it is trying to solve. Therefore, the good architect should analyze his ambitions to the
end that he shall neither destroy that which is valuable nor create something which is
not. Many architectural aberrations called "modern" would not be produced if proper
studies of existing objects were made. The destruction of such objects and their re-
placement with more or less permanent things may be of economic importance.

The rapid progress in methods of production and use of structural materials is
not only designed to meet the fast changing requirements and conditions of life, but
also fosters a desire for them.

HE ideal set-up for the architect who would produce something new is, of course,
a vacant plot of ground, a complacent investor and unlimited funds. The two
latter are at this time virtually obsolete. To produce the desirable vacant lot it may be
necessary to destroy something of value. The past decade has been one of extrava-
gance and unless all signs fail, the next one will be one of forced economy.

Therefore, it behooves us to look over what we already have before destroying
it. There are thousands of buildings of all types throughout the land which are struc-
turally sound and can remain so indefinitely. Many of these could be added to and
improved. In San Francisco alone, hundreds of buildings were built with walls and
structural members designed to carry more stories. The ordinances, since revised, re-
quire excessive unit-stresses and loadings which now redound to the existing build-
ings' advantage. We occasionally see illustrations of improved structures and the re-
sult seems to be satisfactory, both architecturally and economically. Perhaps in all
this there may be a constructive thought to correct a destructive impulse.

HERE are very few architects who have not. during the past two years, attempted
to carry forward a constructive campaign only to find themselves confronted by

conditions which nullified every effort.

The tremendous shrinkage in the values of real estate, as well as of securities, more

than offset the cost of construction which is lower than in many years. This condition

suggests the thought as above expressed.

< 70 ►

The proposed construction program of the Federal government, embracing as it
does the creation of highways, tunnels, bridges and buildings of all descriptions which
would be of permanent value, and at the same time revive the industry, is worthy of
serious consideration.

OW far our ideas are to carry us is difficult to predict but the methods suggested
by some who are supposed to speak authoritatively for the economic solution
of housing problems, as well as for the creation of a demand for labor, should not be
taken too seriously. For instance, it is proposed to manufacture standardized small
houses, ship them knocked down and thus economically erect them. Just how this
mass production is to create an increased demand for labor in an already over mechan-
ized country is difficult to understand.

From the American architect's viewpoint it is difficult to imagine a standardized
town. His efforts naturally tend towards the creation of the home which, no matter
how humble, is still the bulwark of our nation. It is suggested that these so-called
homes be constructed almost entirely of metal. Let us visualize a large portion of a
town composed of standardized synthetic garages for the housing of more or less
human robots. Plants will not thrive against metal. Well, we may provide angle
iron trellises with wire vines carrying stamped metal blossoms dipped, not hand painted,
the whole charmingly designed by a mechanical engineer. The "style" of architec-
ture, if any, might be appropriately termed "Late Americanic '. But this is not pro-
gress.

* # *

T might occur to some thinking persons that many architects are too prone to fol-
low the trend of their times and endeavor to please an extravagantly minded cli-

entele to the extent of pandering to its desires. The sort of "I don't know much about
art, but I know what I like" type of client needs guidance and not the satisfaction
which at best can be only temporary.

Architects, if they will, can be the pilots who will bring the present fleet of some-
what storm tossed gaudy galleons safely to anchor in the haven of good taste
until the typhoon of so-called modernism shall have spent itself. Coincidently with
the decline and fall of Rome, ocurred the decadence of all of the arts. Then fol-
lowed the dark ages to be superseded by other and even more extravagant periods.
All history shows that merely doing something different does not necessarily mean
that we are doing something good or permanent. Retrospection may well result in
introspection.

Perhaps our present depressive period may bring the thought that we progres-
sives will do well to watch our step, remembering that steps lead up as well as down,
forward as well as backward. Axiomatically, modernism cannot remain modern and
today's indigestible feast may well mean tomorrow's famine, if not today's.

It may be thought that the writer is hypercritical of modernism in architecture,
when he is only making an appeal for restraint and attempting to offer a constructive
idea for economy.
San Francisco CLARENCE R. WARD, A.I.A.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER -^ 71 ^^ JANUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

TAN CEMENT OFFERS NEW OPPORTUNITIES
FOR COLOR

TAN cement that offers exceptional oppor-
tunities to architects who are using color
in their buildings, is announced by the Pacific
Portland Cement Company, whose Golden Gate
brand of cement is known throughout the Coast.
During its entire 108-year history Portland cement
has, up to this time, resisted all attempts to change
its basic color from dull gray. Tan cement marks
the first real improvement in the color of Portland
cement in over a century. It offers exceptional
possibilities for its use in present-day architecture.

"Tan cement is not an accidental discovery."
according to J. A. McCarthy. Vice-President and
General Manager of the Pacific Portland Cement
Company. "On the contrary it is the result of
many years of experimental work in our own
laboratories and by our entire technical staff."

Under this new process, for which patent rights
have been asked, a true Portland cement is now
produced for the first time in a warm, pleasing
color. The tan. which is a permanent part of the
cement, is not only a desirable color in itself, but
it offers great possibilities as a background for
other colors when mixed with minimum amounts
of pigment.

The new product is a true Portland cement
guaranteed to pass the standard specifications of
the American Society for Testing Materials.

The demand for a pleasing color in cement has
existed for years, particularly on the Pacific Coast
where color plays such an important part in land-
scape and architecture. Heretofore, in order to
meet the demand for color, it has been necessary
to import high-priced white cements from the East
or else face the difficulties of changing the color
of ordinary gray.

Because of its moderate cost, the new product,
which is called "Golden Gate Tan Cement",
opens the door for the first time to the practical
use of color in mass and monolithic concrete. Its
discovery should also prove beneficial to the cast
stone industry.

This new tan cement seems particularly well
adapted for stucco, not only because of its color,
but also for its apparent qualities of plasticity
and workability.

In addition to being produced in standard qual-
ity, the new tan color is available in a plastic
waterproof cement, a fact which greatly broadens
its field of usefulness. That it contains water-
proof qualities to an unusually high degree is
attested by the following report from the Hanks
Laboratory:

Laboratory Certificate

ABBOT A. HANKS. INC.

Dec. 29. 1931
FINAL REPORT
Lab. No. 96003
Sample — Tan Plastic Cement
Reed— Oct. 26. 1931
Marked — Sample of Tan Plastic Cement received
from Redwood City by parcel post 10. 26. 31
your P. O. 40789.

TEST RESULTS
Permeability Test

Two discs were made 6 inches in diameter and
one inch thick using Tan Plastic Cement and
Standard Ottawa Sand in a 1 to 3 mix by weight.
These discs were cured under normal conditions
for 28 days, then placed under 50 lb. water pres-
sure in the permeability machine for 48 hours.
There was no leakage and the gain in weight was
nil. Respectfully submitted.

Abbot A. Hanks, Inc.

The announcement of this revolutionary im-
provement in an old staple product is particularly
welcome at this time, when every innovation
serves as a much needed stimulus to the building
industry.

It is particularly noteworthy, as pointed out by
Robert B. Henderson, President of the company,
that tan cement should have been developed on
the Pacific Coast, where color has played such an
important part in a style of architecture that has
received nation wide interest and admiration.

^ 72 ►

WINS LIGHTHOUSE COMPETITION
J. L. Gleave of England has been awarded first
prize in the final stage of the Columbus Memor-
ial Lighthouse Competition, the largest architec-
tural competition ever held. This memorial will

America. Hon. Getulio Vargas. President of
Brazil, the Cardinal of Brazil, members of the
Cabinet and of the diplomatic corps accredited
to the Government at Rio were present at the
announcement of the awards, while the Govern-

be constructed at Santo Domingo, capital of the
Dominion Republic, and will mark the location
of the first permanent European settlement in the
New World, where Columbus lived, and where
his sons held sway as first governors for Spain
in this hemisphere.

Announcement of the award was made by the
Chairman of the International Jury of Award at
Rio de Janeiro, where the designs were examined
and judged. Second prize, $7,500, was awarded
to Donald Nelson and Edgar Lynch of the United
States; third prize, $5,000, to Joaquin Vaquero
Palacois and Luis Moya Blanco of Spain; and
fourth prize, $2,500. to Theo. Lescher, associated
with Paul Andrieu, Georges Defontaine and
Maurice Gauthier of France.

The other competitors in the second stage each
received an award of $1,000, and were as fol-
lows: Louis Berthin, George Doyon, and George
Nesteroff; Josef Wentzler; Corbett, Harrison, and
MacMurray ( Robert P. Rodgers, Alfred E. Poor,
W. K. Oltar-Jevsky); Pippo Medori; Douglas D.
Ellington; and Will Rice Amon.

The Jury of Award consisted of Horacio Acosta
y Lara of Uruguay. Chairman and representative
of Latin American on the Jury; Eliel Saarinen of
Finland, representing Europe, and Frank Lloyd
Wright of the United States, representing North

SIDE ELEVATION, MODEL OF WINNING
DESIGN FOR COLUMBIA LIGHTHOUSE

Joseph Lea Gleave. Architect

ment of the Dominican Republic was represented
by a special delegation headed by the Hon. Tulio
M. Cestero, who has long been a moving spirit
in the project.

In the first stage of the competition 455 archi-
tects from practically all nations of the world took
part. Ten designs were awarded prizes of equal
weight in the first stage, the judgment being held
at Madrid in 1929, where an exhibition of all the
projects was held following announcement of the
awards. The authors of these ten designs were
eligible to recompete in the second stage. J. L.
Gleave of England, awarded the final prize, will
be the architect for the Memorial.

PRACTICING WITHOUT LICENSE

According to a report issued by the California
State Board of Architectural Examiners, Law-
rence Flagg Hyde was found guilty of practicing
architecture without a certificate, in violation of
the state act to regulate the practice of architec-
ture. Charges were filed by A. L. Bolton, repre-
senting the state. The defendant's office was in
Oakland.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

+ 73 ►

JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

PARAFFINE COMPANIES, Inc,
BUILD LINOLEUM PLANT

HE only linoleum plant
west of the Atlantic sea-
board has commenced opera-
tions in the Bay region. Ac-
cording to its sponsors the plant
is the finest, most modern and
most efficient in the country.

Manufactured by the world-
known distributors of Pabco
products. Pabco linoleum will
be an addition to similar prod-
ucts and services which have
been a part of the company ex-
istence for many years. On the
Pacific Coast, particularly, Pabco has
assisted materially in the work of the
architectural and building professions
in serving the needs of industry and
business.

"Apart from the merchandising end

of the new product," said an official of

the company, "Pabco linoleum should meet with

the instantaneous approval of architects, con-

Pabco

Linoleum

Label

CALENDER DESIGNED FOR ROLLING AND
FINISHING LINOLEUM

and gauges of which are the result of a personal
canvass of the architectural profession.

"The new plant, located on the shores of San
Francisco Bay, is in direct connection with rail
and water. Warehouse stocks and distributing
channels have been located at strategic points.
And for the assistance of architect and user of
special designing service for custom-bilt floors has
been established with trained representatives
available for the recommendation of proper
linoleum gauges, colors and designs and
methods of laying for all types of floor con-
ditions."

NEW BUILDING MATERIAL
"Marble-glass" is the trade name given
a new building material, the manufacture of
which will be undertaken by the patentees,
MacGruer & Company. 266 Tehama Street.
San Francisco. Architects who have inves-
tigated the material are of the opinion that
it has great possibilities, particularly when
combined with cromium and aluminum
metals and used for the exterior treatment
tractors and users. This is particularly true be- of modern buildings, store fronts, etc.
cause of the widespread demand for the custom- Marble-glass as a substitute for genuine or arti-

built floor which the Paraffine Companies. Inc., is ficial marble, is unlike anything heretofore pro-
most interested in developing. duced along this line. It is the outcome of a pat-
"Pabcos initial production schedule includes ented formula of synthetic or transparent paint
plain, jaspe and battleship linoleums, the colors developed on the back face of a slab of glass.

[Concluded on Page 90]

PABCO LINOLEUM PLANT AT
EMERYVILLE, CALIFORNIA

< 74 ►

w\ln t£e archiTecTj

AIRCRAFT FACTORIES
The Oakland Port Commission is having its
Engineering Department prepare plans for the
development of 100 acres of municipal waterfront
adjoining the Oakland airport, as sites for air-
craft factories and accessory plants. A new
street will be laid out paralleling the flying field
and extending to Bay Farm Island Bridge. The
factory buildings will be constructed by the Port
Commission and leased to various aircraft enter-
prises.

OAKLAND ARCHITECT BUSY
New work in the office of Guy L. Brown.
American Bank Building, Oakland, includes
sketches for two large residences, one in the
vicinity of Oakland to cost $60,000. and the other
in Mendocino County to cost $50,000. The latter
will be of the ranch house type. Mr. Brown has
recently let a contract for an open air market
on Hopkins Street, east of 36th Avenue, Oakland,
for Lloyd R. Brown.

STOCKTON APARTMENT BUILDING
Plans have been completed and bids taken for
a five story and basement, steel frame and brick
apartment building, Stockton, for Senator Frank
S. Boggs. The structure will replace buildings
destroyed by fire a year ago. The plans are by
Couchot & Rosenwald, 525 Market Street, San
Francisco, and the estimated cost is $150,000.

DESIGNING SMALL HOMES
B. N. Branch, architectural designer, Bremer-
ton, has six residential projects to keep him busy
the early part of 1932. Three of the houses are
to be built along the shores of Dyes Inlet. Little
country estates have strong appeal for prospective
owners of modest homes, says Mr. Branch.

STATE LIBRARY BUILDING
Bids are to be opened by the State Department
of Engineering, Sacramento, February 2nd, for
the erection of a one-story and basement, rein-
forced concrete library building, estimated to cost
$150,000, at the State Teachers College, Fresno.
Swartz & Ryland, Fresno, are the architects.

DESIGN HUNTING LODGE
William L. Bartholet, architectural designer, has
invaded Canada with his talent. His work is
represented by a commodious hunting lodge of
log construction in the Kamloops country. The
sylvan retreat is 46x28 with exterior log construc-
tion and vertical poles on the interior. The roof
is of split cedar shakes insulated with moss. The
lodge is the property of F. M. Fairbanks of
Seattle.

LONG BEACH POST OFFICE
Lindgren & Swinerton, Inc.. San Francisco and
Los Angeles, submitted the low bid for the con-
struction of a Class A post office building at Long
Beach for $392,000. This firm has also received
a contract to build a two story, reinforced con-
crete garage at 24th and Filbert Streets, Oak-
land, for the Union Ice Company.

APARTMENT HOUSE ALTERATIONS
A. H. Knoll, Hearst Building, San Francisco,
has completed plans for alterations to a three
story frame apartment building on California
Street, near Hyde, San Francisco, for Dr. Mor-
ton. Mr. Knoll has also drawn plans for a one
story and basement brick building at Chico, esti-
mated to cost $12,000.

VALLEJO JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Plans are being completed by Frederick H.
Reimers, San Francisco, and Davis-Pearce Com-
pany, Stockton, for a $230,000 junior high school
group at Vallejo. The group will consist of
thirty classrooms, auditorium, gymnasium, shops
and cafeteria. The Spanish style of architecture
will prevail.

SAN FRANCISCO STORE BUILDING
Plans have been prepared in the office of S.
Heiman, architect, 605 Market Street, San Fran-
cisco, for a one story reinforced concrete and
frame store building, to be built at Ocean Avenue
and Fairfield Way, San Francisco, at a cost of
$15,000. T. E. Foster is the owner and West-
wood Electric Radio Company the lessees.

< 75 ►

FRANK HOYT FOWLER
Frank Hoyt Fowler, architect and engineer.
Seattle, died suddenly December 9. at his home.
He was 49 years of age. His early education was
obtained in Bellingham, Washington, where he
graduated from Fairhaven High School. He was
granted a degree in engineering by the University
of Washington, and for some years was employed
in the engineering department of the Chicago,
Milwaukee. St. Paul and Pacific Railway. Later
he took up architecture, designing some notable
commercial buildings. Mr. Fowler was a member
of the American Society of Civil Engineers.

CELEBATES ANNIVERSARY
Ellis Fuller Lawrence, architect, of Portland,
Oregon, and Dean of the School of Architecture
and Allied Arts at the University of Oregon,
celebrated his 52d birthday on November 13. A
native of Maiden. Mass.. he obtained a bachelor's
degree in architecture from the Massachusetts In-
stitute of Technology in 1901, and earned a mas-
ter's degree a year later. His apprentice work was
taken under Stephen Codman in Boston. He jour-
neyed to Portland in 1906 on his way to San
Francisco to open a branch office for Mr. Codman.

WISHES MANUFACTURERS' CATALOGS
L. F. Mulqueen, formerly located in Los An-
geles as a practicing architectural engineer, has
accepted an appointment with the Federal Gov-
ernment at Washington, D. C, and desires manu-
facturers' catalogs in connection with the design of
office, warehouse, barracks and industrial types of
buildings. Mr. Mulqueen states that most of this
work is scheduled for the Pacific Coast. The trade
should address Mr. Mulqueen at 1300 E. Street,
N. W. Washington. D. C.

HOTEL ADDITION
Messrs. Kent & Haas, 525 Market Street, San
Francisco, have completed drawings for a five
story and basement Class C reinforced concrete
addition to a hotel at Merced, California, which
was damaged by fire last fall. Approximately
$90,000 will be expended on the improvements.

PRAISE FOR MILLER 6 PFLUEGER

Messrs. Miller and Pflueger, architects, of San
Francisco, have received many congratulatory
messages for their design of the beautiful new
Paramount Theater in Oakland. The following
editorial in the San Francisco Daily News, is
typical:

"The new Paramount is the most modern and
beautiful theater in the United States and one of
the largest theaters in the world. It is paramount
in splendor, in size, in luxury, in convenience, in
sheer loveliness. It is something new in the mod-
ern world. A new idea, a new conception of
beauty in its adaptation for common use is be-
hind it — that is, new in our time, and in our
nation.

"As a matter of fact, this splendid use of color,
this daring combination of real beauty and utility
in a common meeting place of the people is not
new. It is something very old. The artists and
the architects of the ancient world, of the medieval
world understood it, and trusted the people to
understand it. And the people DID understand
and respond to it.

"But in modern times courage and imagination
have been somewhat lacking. Beauty too often
has been sacrificed to utility. Or a counterfeit
brand of beauty has been offered to the people
— a thing of tortured lines, gilt gingerbread dec-
oration, gewgaws.

"Thanks to the intelligent faith of the men
behind the new Paramount Theater and to the
fine imagination and genius of T. L. Pflueger. the
architect who designed it, the people of Greater
Oakland have been given a theater supreme in
both beauty and utility.

"The beauty is simple and real — a matter of
form, line and color. And the people of Oakland
will understand and appreciate it, as the people
of old Greece understood the beauty created by
their builders, as the people of renaissance Italy
understood the beauty created by their painters,
as the people of modern Mexico understand the
beauty in the frescoes of Diego Rivera."

The theater will be illustrated in detail in The
Architect and Engineer shortly.

REELECTED PRESIDENT
George W. Kelham, architect of San Francisco,
has been re-elected president of the Industrial
Association of San Francisco.

BOHEMIAN CLUB BUILDING
Plans are being completed in the office of Lewis
P. Hobart for the Bohemian Club's new building
in San Francisco. The engineering work is being
done by Will P. Day of the firm of Weeks &
Day. The building is to cost $600,000.

THE ARCHITF.CT AND ENGINEER

A 76 ►

JANUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

COMPETITION FOR FELLOWSHIP
The seventh annual competition for the James
Harrison Steedman Memorial Fellowship in Ar-
chitecture, worth $1,500 and open to all grad-
uates of recognized schools of architecture in the
United States, has been announced by the gov-
erning committee, composed of J. Lawrence
Mauran, chairman, Louis LaBeaume, and Gab-
riel Ferrand, professor of design in the Wash-
ington University School of Architecture. The
fellowship gives the recipient a year of study in
Europe. According to the conditions of the con-
test, all candidates must be American citizens
of good moral character and must have had at
least a year of practical work in the office of an
architect practicing in St. Louis. Application
blanks must be procured from the School of
Architecture and returned not later than January
21, 1932. The actual competition will be con-
ducted by the faculty of the School of Architec-
ture next spring.

After completion of the year of study abroad,
the Steedman fellow is required to present a
thesis as part of the work toward the degree of
Master of Architecture.

This fellowship was founded in memory of
James Harrison Steedman, a graduate of Wash-
ington University of 1889, who became a first
lieutenant in the U. S. Naval Reserves and as-
sistant engineer officer of the U. S. S. Oklahoma
in 1917 and 1918 and who, suffering from a mal-
ady curable only by rest, refused to quit his post
and died in the service.

ARCHITECTS TO COLLECT FEDERAL
FEES

California architects will collect more than
$120,000 in fees for preparing plans and specifi-
cations for public buildings in this state.

Plans for the Oakland postoffice and some
others were prepared in the office of the Super-
vising Architect at Washington, but in nine other
cities local architects have been employed.

As estimated by the Supervising Architect of
the Treasury Department, California architects'
fees will be: Starks and Flanders. Sacramento,
$46,000; Bliss & Fairweather. Stockton, $20,800;
George Lindsay, Glendale, $14,400; John J. Dono-
van, Marysville, $5520; Allison & Allison, Mer-
ced. $7200; Fred H. Meyer, Oroville, $5856;
Birge M. Clark, Palo Alto, $6960; Reed & Cor-
bett, Napa. $5760; Dean & Dean, Vallejo, $7368.

ARCHITECTS MOVE

George C. Burnett has moved to 933% Elden
Ave., Los Angeles.

Walter C. Folland has moved to 460 North
Catalina Ave., Los Angeles.

Nathan Lindell Coleman's new address is 1437a
North Orange Drive, Hollywood.

Arthur J. Williams has moved to 1008 West
Adams Street, Los Angeles.

E. Hardy Merrill has moved to 8327^ Wil-
shire Blvd., Beverly Hills.

Sydney Clifton's new address is Box 160, Ar-
cade Annex, Los Angeles.

Orville L. Clarke has moved to 816 West 5th
Street, Los Angeles.

Vladimir O. Oglou is at 374 17th Street. Oak-
land.

C. O. Clausen's address is 746 46th Ave., San
Francisco.

Clay N. Burrell has moved to 469 Perry Street.
Oakland.

Albert H. Larsen's address is 595 Bright Street,
San Francisco.

Frank D. Hudson is at 315 So. Broadway, Los
Angeles.

Donald McCormick has moved to the Studio
Bldg., Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Roy Seldon Price is at 9000 Sunset Blvd., West
Hollywood.

E. Field is at 1001 Underhill Road, Oakland.

Clarence N. Aldrich is at 1834 Dawson Ave.,
Long Beach.

Arthur L. Acker's address is 1345 So. Sycamore
Ave., Los Angeles. /

Don Uhl is at 520 No. Detroit Street, Los AnN-
geles.

ARCHITECT SUES

John S. Hudson, architect, of Seattle, has en-
tered suit against Reese B. Brown for $220,000,
which Mr. Hudson avers is the difference due him
upon the sale of the Rhododendron and North-
cliffe apartments, which were transferred to Mr.
Reese who negotiated the sale.

That Mr. Brown told Mr. Hudson he could
get but $552,504. is the charge, whereas the apart-
ments sold for $821,405.

To force the sale, the plaintiff charges, Mr.
Brown conspired to get the architect's creditors to
press him for payment. — Washington State Arch-
itect.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 77 ►

JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

PERSONALS

Milton W. Morrison, architect, formerly with
Geo. W. Kelham, announces that he has opened
offices for the practice of architecture at 601
Forty-second Avenue. San Francisco. Mr. Mor-
rison's services will also be available as an ad-
visor and consultant.

Leo J. Sharps has recently opened an office at
1412 Burlingame Avenue. Burlingame. California,
for the practice of architecture. Mr. Sharps will
be pleased to receive manufacturers' literature and
samples of building material.

Johnson and Wethered. whose former ad-
dress was 345 Taylor Street. San Francisco, are
now located in the Sir Francis Drake Hotel, San
Francisco.

James R. Friend, architect, 2933 East Seventh
Street. Long Beach, would like to have manufac-
turers' literature and building material samples.
Mr. Friend is getting his new office into shape
and expects to be busy on several important com-
missions soon.

D. V. Nicholson has been appointed adminis-
trative assistant on the $72,000,000 San Fran-
cisco-Oakland bridge project by State Engineer
Charles H. Purcell.

C. J. Ryland, member of the architectural firm
of Swartz and Ryland. Fresno and Monterey, has
been appointed by Governor Rolph as a member
of the California State Board of Architectural
Examiners for the Northern District. He succeeds
John J. Donovan of Oakland, whose term has ex-
pired.

L. Solberg, architect, of Wenatchee. Washing-
ton, attended the Northwest regional council on
school building programs which was held during
mid-November in Portland. The session was con-
ducted under the auspices of the division of edu-
cation, United States Department of the Interior.

Lionel H. Pries, formerly of San Francisco,
now a member of the architectural firm of Bain
and Pries, Seattle, is a director of the Seattle Art
Institute.

Hancock and Lockman of Seattle have moved
to Room 432, Republic Building, where they are
occupying quarters jointly with J. Charles Stan-
ley, architect.

Harry Hayden Whiteley, architect, has
moved from 331 {/£ North Beverly Drive, Beverly
Hills, to 124 South Swall Drive, Beverly Hills.
Mr. Whiteley's office hours will be from 9 a. m.
to 4 p. m.

Sidney A. Colton, architect, announces the
opening of an office for the practice of his profes-
sion at 544 Market Street, San Francisco.

Walter C. Folland, architect, on an attrac-
tive holiday card, announces the removal of his
offices to the southwest corner of Colorado Street
and Fair Oaks Avenue, Pasadena, California.

Rudolph Falkenrath. of Los Angeles, who
has been ill in a hospital for a number of weeks,
requests that until he is able to resume business
all communications be addressed to Mrs. Falken-
rath at his residence. 2279 W. Twentieth Street.
Los Angeles. His office in the Chamber of Com-
merce Building has been closed and he plans to
conduct his business from his residence for the
time being.

PORTLAND BUILDING NOTES

Knighton & Howells are announced as archi-
tects for the Federal postoffice building at Oregon
City.

A. E. Doyle and associates are architects in
remodeling the two-story office building at 105
6th Street, estimated at $40,000.

John H. Grant, Oregon Building, is architect
for a two-story super-service station at Denver
Avenue and Argyle Street, estimated to cost
$20,000.

The projected tourist hotel at Spirit Lake is
said to be closer to realization, according to E. E.
Nelson, of the Northern Pacific Railway in Seat-
tle, with the leasing of the desired land.

Richard Sundeleaf is architect for the Wilson-
Chambers. Inc.. mortuary building to be erected
at the corner of Commercial and Killingsworth.
The brick structure will cost $30,000.

ARCHITECTS LICENSED
Those who passed the requirements and have
been granted a license to practice architecture in
the State of Washington are: LaMonte J. Shor-
rett, Byron F. Jacobson, Ivan M. Palmau, George
W. Groves, Alfred F. Mowberg. Nicholas A.
Kabushko. Albert H. Funk. Donald Joseph Stew-
art, Hugh Richardson. Harry Loners and Don
Merrill Clippinger.

LIBRARY ADDITION. VALLEJO
A. C. Lutgens. architect, of Vallejo. has com-
pleted plans for an addition to the public library,
the work to be advertised for bids early in March.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

+ 78 ►

JANUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

jocieTy^ clvb meeTingj-

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CHAPTER

Annual meeting of Southern California Chap-
ter, A. I. A., was held December 15th. Gordon B.
Kaufmann was elected president: Sumner M.
Spaulding. vice-president; Palmer Sabin, secre-
tary; Paul J. Duncan, treasurer; Roland E. Coate,
director for the three-year term; and Carleton M.
Winslow, director for one year to fill the unex-
pired term of Mr. Kaufmann.

Delegates elected to this year's Institute con-
vention are: David J. Witmer, Robert H. Orr,
Ralph C. Flewelling, Charles H. Cheney. A. M.
Edelman and William Richards; alternate dele-
gates: Sumner M. Spaulding, Reginald D. John-
son. John C. Austin, W. L. Risley, Pierpont Davis
and Carleton M. Winslow.

Guests of the Chapter included seven members
of the graduating class of the School of Archi-
tecture. University of Southern California, who
were introduced by C. Raimond Johnson of the
University.

The Chapter adopted a "Code of Ethics'' for
the signature of new associate members. A copy
of the document will be sent to all Chapter mem-
bers.

Frederick H. Meyer of San Francisco, regional
director, attended the meeting and made a report
on several matters that came before the semi-
annual meeting of the board of directors of the
Institute held in Louisville. Ky., recently.

Edwin Bergstrom. who attended the Louisville
meeting, spoke of the board's work in forwarding
the unification of architects' organizations.

It was announced that William H. Kraemer and
Samuel E. Lunden had been elected members of
the Institute.

The following members and guests were pres-
ent: Wm. McCay, J. J. Miller, George Hunt, Pal-
mer Sabin, Roy C. Mitchell, John Rex, Ed. Wi-
lensky. C. Raimond Johnson. Wm. H. Kraemer.
L. A. Parker, Scott Gerity, Samuel E. Lunden.
Reginald D. Johnson, Ralph Flewelling. W. L.
Risley. F. V. Bazter, H. Roy Kelley, Frederick
H. Meyer, D. C. Allison, Chas. M. Hutchison.
Robt. H. Orr. Wm. H. Harrison. A. F. Rosen-
heim, John C. Austin. V. Floyd Rible. P. R. Hun-
ter. Harry Widman. Henry F. Withey, S. B.

Marston, R. Germain Hubby, Edgar W. May-
bury, R. H. Ainsworth, C. H. Cheney, A. C. Met-
calf, M. L. Barker, W. W. Steckney, Fitch H.
Haskell. Paul J. Duncan, Sumner Hunt, Louis J.
Gill, Gordon B. Kaufmann, A. M. Edelman, H.
C. Chambers, Myron Hunt, Edwin Bergstrom,
Pierpont Davis, David J. Witmer. Jonathan Ring.

E. S. Nibecker, Jr., Eugene Weston, Jr., Loyall

F. Watson, H. G. Spielman, Austin Whittelsey.
Carleton M. Winslow and G. Stanley Wilson.

OREGON CHAPTER. A. I. A.

The December 15 meeting took the form of a
dinner at the University Club. Those present were
Messrs. Doty. Jacobberger, Aandahl, Parker,
Church, Newbeury, Tucker, Bean, Herzog and
Crowell.

Report of the executive committee recommend-
ing that the Oregon Chapter associate itself with
the Oregon State Federation of Professional So-
cieties was read by Mr. Aandahl. Its acceptance
was regularly moved, seconded and passed.

Mr. Bean reported that he was making satis-
factory progress in composing a new housing
code and hoped to have it ready to submit to the
City Council in four to six weeks. In the mean-
time he specially requests that Chapter members
call on him as he would like to discuss the pro-
posed code and get as many reactions and com-
ments as possible before putting it in final shape
to submit to the Council.

F. S. Allyn submitted a special committee re-
port, recommending a standard for indications of
materials on drawings. It was voted to submit the
report to the membership for recommendations
and then to the Oregon Building Congress Board
of Reference before final adoption.

The nominating committee for officers in 1932
reported as follows: President, Harold W. Doty:
vice-president, Fred Aandahl; secretary, W. H.
Crowell; treasurer, Harry A. Herzog; trustee, C.
H. Wallwork. The nominations are of present
officers except C. H. Wallwork for trustee, whose
nomination is to fill the place of A. Glen Stanton,
term expired. The holdover trustees this year are
Messrs. Parker and Holford. The committee
recommendations were approved.

^ 79 ►

American institute of SOrcfjitcctss

(Organized 1857)
Northern California Chapter

President Henry H. Gutterson

Vice-President Albert J. Evers

Secretary-Treasurer .... Jas. H. Mitchell

Directors

John J. Donovan Harris C. Allen Lester Hurd

Fred'k. H. Meyer G. F. Ashley Berge M. Clarke

Southern California Chapter, Los Angeles

President Gordon B. Kaufmann

Vice-President Sumner M. Spaulding

Secretary Palmer Sabin

Treasurer Paul J. Duncan

Directors

Carleton M. Winslow Wm. Richards Roland E. Coate

Eugene Weston, Jr.

Santa Barbara Chapter

President Russel Ray

Vice-President Harold Burket

Secretary E. Keith Lockard

Treasurer Leonard A. Cooke

Oregon Chapter, Portland

President Harold W. Doty

Vice-President Fred Aandahl

Secretary W. H. Crowell

Treasurer ... ... Harry A. Herzog

Trustees
C. H. Wallwork Jamieson Parker, William Holford

Washington State Chapter, Seattle

President Roland E. Borhek

First Vice-President J. Lister Holmes

Second Vice-President . . . Stanley A. Smith
Third Vice-President . . . . F. Stanley Piper

Secretary Lance E. Gowen

Treasurer Albert M. Allen

Executive Board
Harlan Thomas Clyde Grainger Arthur P. Herrman

San Diego Chapter

President Wm. Templeton Johnson

Vice-President Robert W. Snyder

Secretary C. H. Mills

Treasurer ... .... Ray Alderson

Directors
Louis J. Gill Hammond W. Whitsitt

g>m Jfrancisco Architectural Club

130 Kearny Street

President tRA H Springer

Vice-President C. Jefferson Sly

Secretary Donnell Jaekle

Executive Secretary F. M. Sanderson

Treasurer S. C. Leonhaeuser

Directors
William E. Mooney Waldon B. Rue William Helm

Ho* Angelesi Architectural Club

President Sumner Spaulding

Vice-Presidents:

Fitch Haskell, Ralph Flewelling, Luis Payo

Treasurer Kemper Nomland

Secretary Rene Mussa

Directors

Tyler McWhorter J. E. Stanton Robt. Lockwood

Manager, George P. Hales

^asbington^tate^onetp of Arcbitecta

President John S. Hudson

First Vice-President Julius A. Zittle

Second Vice-President .... Stanley A. Smith

Third Vice-President R. M. Thorne

Fourth Vice-President R. C. Stanley

Secretary L. F. Hauser

Treasurer H. G. Hammond

Trustees
E. Glen Morgan O. F. Nelson

H. H. James Wm. J. Jones

^ocietp of Alameba Count? Arcbitecta

President William E. Schirmer

Vice-President Morton Williams

Secretary-Treasurer W. R. Yelland

Directors
W. G. Corlett J. J. Donovan

W. R. Yelland Jas. T Narbitt

Soriern of Sacramento Architects

President William E. Schirmer

Vice-President Morton Williams

Secretary-Treasurer W. R. Yelland

Hong 2freacb Arcbitectural Club

President Hugh R. Davies

Vice-President Cecil Schilling

Secretary and Treasurer . . . Joseph H. Roberts

ijSagabena Architectural Club

President Edward Mussa

Vice-President Richard W. Ware

Secretary Roy Parkes

Treasurer Arthur E. Fisk

Executive Committee
Mark W. Ellsworth Edwin L. Westberg Orrin F. Stone

State Aflfloriatton (Mtforma ArrljttprtB

President . .
Vice-President
Secretary
Treasurer

Albert J. Evers, San Francisco

Robert H. Orr, Los Angeles

A. M. Edelman, Los Angeles

W. I. Garren. San Francisco

Executive Board (Northern Section)

Albert J. Evers H. C. Allen Chester H. Miller

W. I. Garren

Robert H. Orr

(Southern Section)

Louis J. Gill

Harold Burkett

A. M. Edelman

Directors (Northern Section)
Henry Collins, Palo Alto; Ernest Norberg, San Mateo;
Henry H. Gutterson, San Francisco; L. C Perry, Vallejo.

Directors (Southern Section)
R. D. King. Santa Monica; Everett Parks, Anaheim;
J. A. Murray, Hollywood; Herbert J. Mann, San Diego.

San 5i>go ano imperial (ftountn Sorietn

State Association of California Architects

537 Spreckels Theater Building,
San Diego, Calif.

President Herbert J. Mann

Vice-President Eugene Hoffman

Secretary-Treasurer .... Robert R. Curtis

Executive Board

Herbert J. Mann Eugene Hoffman Robert R. Curtis

Louis J. Gill William P. Lodge

Ways and Means Committee

Robert Halley, Jr. Frank L. Hope, Jr.

Hammond W. Whitsitt

The Architect and Engineer, January, 1932

American Society Handsicape Hrefrtterta

Pacific Coast Chapter

President George Gibbs

Vice-President L. Deming Tilton

Secretary Professor J. W. Gregg

Treasurer Chas. H. Diggs

Members Executive Committee
Ralph D. Cornell Geo. D. Hall

architects; league of ^oltptoooo

6520 Sunset Boulevard

Hollywood, California

President L. G. Scherer

Vice-President Verner McClurg

Secretary-Treasurer J. A. Murrey

Directors

Ralph Flewelling, M. L. Barker, James T Handley,

Donald F. Shugart and John Roth

Hrcfjttectural examiners

Northern District

Phelan Building, San Francisco

President ------- Albert J. Evers

Secretary ------ Henry H. Gutterson

Members
Warren C. Perry Frederick H. Meyer C. J. Ryland

Southern District

1124 Associated Realty Building, Los Angeles

President John C. Austin

Secretary and Treasurer . . A. M. Edelman

John Parkinson

Members
Louis J. Gill

H. C. Chambers

s&tate Poarb of engineer examiners

President H. J. Brunnier, San Francisco

Vice-President . . . Donald M. Baker, Los Angeles

Secretary Albert Givan, Sacramento

Ass't Secretary . . . Ralph J. Reed, Los Angeles

Structural iEngiuma Aaauruition

of Northern California

President H. J. Brunnier

Vice-President C. H. Snyder

Secretary-Treasurer A. B. Saph, Jr.

Walter Huber

C. H. Snyder

Board of Directors
A. B. Saph, Jr.

The following is copied from the by-laws of
the Chapter:

"At any time after the December meeting and
not less than five days before the annual meeting
(January 19, 1932), separate lists of nominations
may be submitted to the secretary of the Chapter
by any five or more members of the Chapter
whose signatures must be appended to such lists.
Such lists of nominations must be complete for
each and every office, including those in which
they may not differ from the list submitted by the
nominating committee."

After a few remarks by Mr. Aandahl concern-
ing proposed hotel on Mount Hood, the meeting
adjourned to the dining room where the members
were increased by Mrs. Mary E. Wortman, hon-
orary member of the Institute, Irving Smith and
Wade Pipes, and by representatives of the press.

Mrs. Wortman gave an interesting account of
her experiences and impressions while at the In-
ternational Congress of Architects at Budapest
last year, which she attended as a delegate, and
also spoke entertainingly and from an architect's
viewpoint of her travels through Europe, Asia
Minor, Syria and old Persia. — W. H. C.

H. J. Brunnier
Harold B. Hammill

SPOKANE SOCIETY OF ARCHITECTS

The Spokane Society of Architects recently
took an active interest in an exhibit of stained
glass replicas from European cathedrals held un-
der the auspices of the Spokane Art Association,
through the courtesy of the Zettler studios of
Newark, N. J., and circulated as a traveling exhi-
bition by the Art Center of New York. H. C.
Whitehouse, president of the Spokane Art Asso-
ciation, has delivered a number of interesting lec-
tures on the art, history, and manufacture of
stained glass.

City Building Inspector Mackey, and Harry
Aumack, also of the City Hall, were guests of the
Society November 27. Subjects for discussion at
this meeting included "Property Building Ordi-
nance for Spokane Revised." Mr. Mackey re-
quired the cooperation of the architects in sug-
gesting change and improvements on the rough
draft. Roland M. Vantyne is a member of the
committee.

Mr. Aumack presented plans for new street
improvements, including the Elm Street bridge.

The Society attended meetings of the Western
Division of the United States Chamber of Com-
merce on December 4 where a movement to elimi-
nate Federal competition in building work was
endorsed.

Professor Stanley A. Smith announces a travel-
ing exhibit of the Association of Collegiate
Schools of Architecture to be held at Pullman
February 23 to March 3 inclusive.

The Architect and Engineer, January, 1932

WHEN BUILDING INDUSTRY IS AT LOW EBB
ENTIRE COUNTRY SUFFERS

HERE seems to be a good deal of publicity
matter written by commercial leaders or in-
spired by them urging the people to buy goods
and thus speed up the prosperity cycle.

On the other hand, financial leaders and fiduc-
iary institutions, and bankers who have control of
the peoples' funds in circulation, especially the
funds of financiers who usually invest in mort-
gages and bonds, and who are. in a sense, also
stewards of the peoples' capital, are urging us by
publications, but more potently by advice and
action, or inaction, not to build new properties
"until the titles to the present mortgaged proper-
ties are put into permanent form."

Fiduciary mortgagors or bond houses and their
agents, first appraised and fixed the value of these
properties and agreed to invest their funds to the
lawful limit of 50% or 60% of the value they
themselves fixed and proved to the satisfaction of
the State, under agreement to leave the title and
management of the property in the possession of
the mortgagee, or holder of the balance in value,
until purchance the mortgagee failed from any
cause to pay to the mortgagor his just share of
the earnings in earnest, when the mortgagor might
take over the whole title, management, and earn-
ings at the 50% to 60% of the value.

To state the transaction in simple common
terms, the mortgagor agreed, in effect, to buy at
50rr to 60r<; of his own valuation and the mort-
gagee consented to sell at that price, through
foreclosure, if certain unforeseen conditions should
arise.

In due time the uncertain conditions certainly
arose. The renters or occupants who were counted
on to pay taxes, insurance, up-keep and the in-
terest to the mortgagor, deserted and joined the
ranks of the unemployed, "doubled up," or moved
back into abandoned shelter to such an extent
that the conditions of the contract matured the
option of the mortgagor to take possession.

Now, by one class of leadership we are urged
to buy goods, the product of labor and capital,
and by another, or possibly the same class, we
are admonished not to buy from the building and
construction industry until the mortgagors have

\ oti \ ate b i" il
by Henry K. Holsmai

ember 1 2th, lo.ii.

completed the purchase, or "stabilized the title,"
of a number of properties now in distress.

Indeed, there seems to be a kind of agreement,
unexpressed perhaps except by concerted action,
among managers of fiduciary funds throughout
the entire country to hold up or blockade the
most of the building industry. A reasonable im-
plication is that the financial interests expect that
by stopping building activity they may produce a
scarcity of buildings, and thereby raise rents and
raise the value of the present mortgaged proper-
ties and the newly "stabilized" titles.

The question arises whether paralyzing the
building industry and allied interests will not
greatly reduce values of rentable properties and
whether the advisors and the controllers of funds
are not working too far at cross purposes by urg-
ing us by all manner of means to buy goods and
at the same time stopping the largest block of
work, wages and salaries in the country by de-
claring a blockade on the building and construc-
tion industry.

The building industry in the United States in
normal times creates eight billion dollars worth of
usable, taxable property annually: employs more
than four million workmen, not including allied in-
dustries such as furniture and equipment, and con-
tributes 15% of the tonnage transported by the
railways, not to mention trucks and boats. This
largest of all industries in normal activity circu-
lates eight billion dollars a year through every
business, trade, and profession of our economic
life. It is, next to agriculture, the most vital part
of the economic life of the nation, and creates
about 70/f of our new taxable wealth, raises the
American standard of living and contributes
greatly to the safety, comfort, health and happi-
ness of all citizens.

Stopping the use of capital and labor in the
building industry probably produced half the
countable unemployment and the most of the un-
easiness and panicky actions among wage earners,
produced the largest quota of vacated houses,
closed the most offices, broke more mills, factor-
ies, retail establishments and banks, and reduced
the railroad revenue and collectable taxes more
than any other class of industry. To spend a few
million dollars in Government buildings produces

The Architect and Engineer, January. 1932

c9ndex to Advertisers

CLASSIFIED LIST OF ADVERTISERS ON PAGES 111, 112. 113, 114

Rolling Mill _ IS

Telephone & Telegraph Co.
and Ringrose 11

Ander

Apex Mfg. Co

Armstrong Cork Co.

Hunt Co., Robert W.
Hunter & Hudson ....

In;,

Baker & Prussia

Bass-Heuter Paint Co

Bennett, L. H 90

Bersman, Frank W 106

Bonded Floors 2

Brown Hardwood Co., G. H. 104

Butte Electric Equipment Co 104

Cabot Inc., Samuel *

California Redwood Association, Back Cover

California Shade Cloth Co., Inc 93

Central Alloy Steel Corp 100

Clark & Sons, N - 11

Clervi Marble & Mosaic Co 107

Clinton Construction Co 103

Co.

Congoleum-Nairn, Inc 2

Cook Marble Co., Ray 110

Crane Company 106

Cutler Mail Chute 95

Davey Tree Surgery Co.. Ltd

Detroit Steel Products Co

Dahlstrom Metallic Door Company

Del Monte Properties

Dickey Clay Mfg. Co.. W. S

Dinwiddie Construction Co

Dohrmann Supply Co

Duriron Company. Inc

Fink & Schindler Co 107

Forderer Cornice Works ..._ 106

Fenestra Steel Sash 10S

Garnett Young & Company 108

General Electric Refrigerator 90

General Roofing Co 108

Gladding Bros. Mfg. Co _ 104

Gladding McBean & Co 13

Golden Gate Materials Co 104

Grace. John 105

Grinnell Company of the Pacific 105

Gunn, Carle & Company 94

Hammond. M. E - 10S

Hately & Hately 106

Haws Sanitary Drinking Faucet Co 95

Hazard Insulated Wire Works ....- S4

Jensen, G. P. W 108

Co., S. T 1113

anville Co 93

Service Co 3

Pacific Co 1H2

John
John
John
Juds.

Kawneer Mfg. Co. ...
Kennerson Mfg. Co.

Kewanee Co

Knowles. A. .*.

Kraftile Co -

Lannom Bros. Mfg. Co.

Larsen & Larsen

Leather Mat Mfg. Co.

Lesher, Hoyt M

Lindgren, Swinerton. In

MacDonald & Kahn 110

MacGruer & Co 108

Mangrum-Holbrook Co 102

Marshall & Stearns 106

Master Builders 101

McClintic-Marshall Co 109

McCormick Lumber Co 110

McLeran & Co., R 109

McNear Brick Co. . 108

Medusa Portland Cement Co. •

Mercury Press 105

Michel & Pfeffer 105

Monson Bros 104

Mueller Company 86

Mullen Manufacturing Co 108

Musto Sons Keenan Co., Joseph 110

Nason & Co., R. N

National Lacquer Co., Ltd

National Lead Company

National Steel Fabric Co

Ocean Shore Iron Works

Otis Elevator Company 2nd Co

Pacific Coast Engineering Co 109

Pacific Coast Electrical Bureau....3rd Cover

Pacific Coast Gas Association 12

Pacific Coast Steel Corp 109

alternate months

Pacific Foundry Co

Pacific Manufacturing Co.

Pacific Metals Co.. Ltd

Pacific Portland Cement Co.

Palace Hardware Co

Palm Iron & Bridge Works

Paraft'ine Companies

Parker Co.. Inc.. K. E

Peelle Company

Picard. Inc.. \V. H

Pittsburg Water Heater Co.

Reading Iron Company

Redwood Block Floor Co

Richmond Pressed Brick Company

Sandoval Sales Co

Santa Fe Lumber Company ..
Simonds Machinery Company

Sisalkraft Co

Sloane. W. & J

Soule Steel Co

Stanley Works, The

Steelform Contracting Co

Stedman Rubber Flooring Co.

Stockholm & Sons

Sturtevant Co., B. F

Sunset Lumber Co

Tompkins-Kiel Marble Co.
Tormey Company. The ....

United Materials Co

Volker & Co.. Wm 107

Vaughan-G. E. Witt Co 101

Vermont Marble Co 100

Villadsen Bros., Inc 108

Walker-Wilkeson Sandstone 105

Walter & Co.. D. N. & E 98

Wayland Co., Ltd 97

Weber & Co.. C. F 101

Weir Electric Appliance Co 105

Wells Fargo Bank 91

Western Iron Works _.. 102

Westinghouse Elec. & Mfg. Co 96

Williams Co., G. W. 110

Wood Lumber Co., E. K 100

The Architect and Engineer, ]anuary, 1932

HAZARD BUILDING WIRES HAVE
TEN SCHOOLGIRL COMPLEXIONS

The new Palm olive
Building in Chicago,
A monument to everv
contractor who helped
to build it. It was
wired with Hazard
30i ; Building Wire
by Hatfield Electric
Company; Hoi a bird
and Root. Architects;
Lundofl Bickneil Corn-
pan v. General
Contractors.

T„

.HE intricate wiring of a building is made easier to follow
it the separate wires are identified by colors. Hazard Electrical
Building Wire is supplied in ten, standard, easily-distinguished
colors for this purpose.

All Hazard wire is uniformly small in diameter with tightly
woven braids and a smooth, slick finish that makes handling
easier. Copper conductors are full-sise and are accurately cen-
tered in real, elastic, long-lived rubber insulation.
Send for a free copy of "Installations of Hazard Electrical
Building Wire." It shows the ten colors available.

Hazard Insulated Wire Works

Division of The Okonite Company
WORKS: WILKES-BARRE, PA.

New York

San Francisco

Chicago

St. Louis

Philadelphia

Boston

Pittsburgh

Atlanta

Dallas

no taxable wealth, increases taxes, and is insig-
nificant as employment relief compared to six or
eight billion dollars that may be used in private
property improvements.

The Assistant Secretary of Commerce says:
"The construction industry, directly or indirectly,
affects the jobs of no less than one-quarter of all
our wage earners. It involves one job out of every
four in some way." Surely the livelihood and sup-
port of so large a proportion of our population
must not be jeopardized or thoughtlessly tamp-
ered with.

It is to be presumed that a large number of the
four million men in the building trades and their
families and dependents in the allied trades would
like to live in a house by themselves instead of
"doubling up," or would like the luxury of living
in a new house of their own building rather than
in one formerly abandoned. They probably would
like to buy a home more than a radio or a moving
picture set, but since for them there is no work
to do, they can not buy anything, not even the
product of their own handiwork.

Would it not be better to allow a little work
to be done by way of producing real property,
property to be used rather than to be used up,
and thus break the vicious circle now operating
in the building industry, and get the workers back
into the houses and offices, paying rent, taxes and
interest? Let the builders of the nation build
themselves better and better homes, occupying
the poorer ones in the meantime. When the build-
ing become obsolete, as standards of living ad-
vance, they will rebuild them. This never ending
process is the chief job of civilized man.

If the construction industry must put off buy-
ing clothes, food and shelter until the new owners
of depressed properties get the titles perfected
and the values up, the building mills and factories
may be entirely broken down and the skill and
spirit of the trades dissipated. How do the new
title owners expect to raise the value of their
newly acquired properties back to their former
appraised amounts, a consummation greatly to be
desired and doubtless hoped for, if they do not
let that one-fourth of all workers, the property
makers, get to work, so they can rent the "liqui-
dating" and "distressed" properties while they are
slowly raising living standards, or values, and
creating more tax producing properties to take
the place of those continually going out of use
and value?

The evident present policy of the parties partly
responsible for the present slump in property pro-
duction needs careful thought before it goes too
far. If a few mortgage bankers and their apprais-
ers formerly put a few values too high, as it seems

The Architect and Engineer, January. 1932

now they may have done, a reasonable way to
bring values up toward that height, rather than
panicky action, would be most desirable. The
number of over-valued or unlawfully issued real
estate bonds and mortgages is insignificant com-
pared to the vast amount of sound ones. To keep
these mistakes in mind and stop all building con-
struction loans on that account, might easily jeop-
ardize all values. To let that one-fourth of all
our workers proceed in their industry might
quickly restore all the "distressed properties."
Surely anything that tends to paralyze one-fourth
of our entire productive population can do no
good.

MONEL

in the
MEAT INDUSTRY

DESIRES FEDERAL RECOGNITION
Editor The Architect and Engineer:

At the direction of Mr. Louis LaBeaume, Chair-
man of the Committee on Public Works of the
American Institute of Architects, we are sending
you copies of House of Representatives Bill No.
6187, referring to the employment of architects
for Federal buildings.

Mr. LaBaume hopes very much that you will
support the efforts of the Institute to secure legis-
lation which is believed to be sound in principle,
and that The Architect and Engineer can find
opportunity to give encouragement to this move-
ment for bringing about Federal recognition of
architects and engineers in private practice.

The effort to secure the legislation may be ex-
tended over a long period but the Institute is de-
termined to carry it forward until success is
achieved.

Sincerely yours,

E. C. KEMPER.
Executive Secretary.

Following is a copy of the H. R. Bill, intro-
duced by Hon. Robert A. Green of Florida and
which has been referred to the Committee on Pub-
lic Buildings and Grounds:

To direct the Secretary of the Treasury to con-
tract for architectural and engineering services in
the designing and planning of public buildings.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives in Congress assembled:

That the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby
authorized and directed to employ by contract,
and at the established rates of compensation, out-
side professional or technical service of competent
persons, firms or corporations, for the architectural
and engineering designing and planning of such
Federal buildings as are now or may, in the fu-
ture, be placed under the jurisdiction of his de-
partment, without reference to the Classification
Act of 1923. as amended, or to Section 3709 of
the Revised Statutes of the United States.

Section 2. That such employment shall be
based at all times on the highest grounds of

"Monel" always used where
cleanliness, durability, appear-
ance are of major importance.

4AONEO

PACIFIC METALS COMPANY, Ltd.
PACIFIC FOUNDRY C0MPANY,Ltd.

/N'ckeLN^

3100 Nineteenth Street

San Francisco

551 Fifth Avenue

470 East Thir

d Street

New York

Los Angeles

Calif.

The Architect and Engineer, January, 1932

YOU CAN SEE the results of

curing concrete witli

SKALKRAFT

REG U S. PAT. OFF.

Proper curing made the diff-
erence in these two samples
of concrete. Both were
poured from the sam? mix.
One received the usual air
cure — the other was kept
covered with the waterproof
paper, Sisalkraft. Both were
given the same accelerated
wear test.

The advantages of specifying
curing and protection by Sisal-
kraft are easily verified. One
experience will demonstrate
the superior concrete you get.
The low cost and ease of appli-
. cation will appeal to any con-
tractor. Detailed literature on
request.

THE SISALKRAFT CO.

203 W. Wacker Drive (Canal Station)
Chicago, Illinois

SS New Montgomery St., San Francisco, Calif.

A & El Gray

Pleasing...

Pleasing in every detail is the new Deca-
tur DeLuxe lavatory

Modern in design, right in construction,
its appeal is universal. . . .

Mueller vitreous china, so happily com'
bining beauty with convenience, is pre-
ferred by the discriminating home-lover.

The same high quality associated with
Mueller products for three-quarters of
a century characterizes Mueller vitreous
ware

Mueller Co., Decatur, 111.

San Francisco Branch:
1072-76 Howard St.

■ MUELLER ■

The Architect and Engineer, January, 1932

Estimator's Guide

Giving Cost of Building Materials, Wage Scale, Etc,

Amounts quoted are figuring prices and are made up from average quotations
furnished by material houses to three leading contracting firms of San Francisco.

This Month — Steel and Hardware prices higher; lumber, white lead and linseed oil at lower level

Overtime in wage scale should be
credited with time and a half, Sunday
and holidays double.

Bond — 1% % amount of contract.

Brickwork —

Common, $31 to $36 per 1000 laid,
(according to class of work).

Face, $70 to $90 per 1000 laid, (ac-
cording to class of work).

Brick Steps, using pressed brick,
$.90 lin. ft.

Brick Walls, using pressed brick on
edge, 60c sq. ft. (Foundations ex-
tra.)

Brick Veneer on frame buildings,
$.80 sq. ft.

Common, f. o. b. cars, $14.00 plus
cartage.

Face, f. o. b. cars, $45.00 per 1000,
carload lots.

HOLLOW TILE FIREPROOFING (f.o.b. job)

3x12x12 in $ 68.00 per M

4x12x12 in 76.50 per M

6x12x12 in 105.00 per M

8x12x12 in 170.00 per M

HOLLOW BUILDING TILE (f.o.b. job)
carload lots).

8x12x5% $76.50

6x12x5% 59.50

Composition Floors — 18c to 30c per
sq. ft. In large quantities, 18c per
sq. ft. laid.

Mosaic Floors — 80c per sq. ft.

Dnraflex Floor— 23c to 30c sq. ft.

Rubber Tile — 55c per sq. ft.

Terazzo Floors — 40c to 55c per sq. ft.

Terazzo Steps— $1.50 lin. ft.

Concrete Work (material at San Fran-
cisco bunkers) — Quotations below
2000 lbs. to the ton.

No. 3 rock, at bunkers $1.65 per ton

No. 4 rock, at bunkers 1.66 per ton

Elliott top gravel, at bnkrs. 1.75 per ton
Washed gravel, at bunkrs 1.75 per ton
Eliott top gravel, at bnkrs. 1.75 per ton
.City gravel, at bunkers... 1.40 per ton

River sand, at bunkers 1.50 per ton

Delivered bank sand 1.10 cu yd.

Note — Above prices are subject to dis-
count of 10c per ton on invoices paid
on or before the 115th of month, fol-
lowing delivery.

SAND

Del Monte, $1.75 to $3.00 per ton.
Fan Shell Beach (car lots, f. o. b.

Lake Majella), $2.75 to $4.00 per

ton.
Cement, $2.24 per bbl. in paper sks.
Cement (f.o.b. Job, S. F.) $2.44 per

bbl.
Cement (f.o.b. Job, Oak.), $2.64 per

per bbl.
Rebate of 10 cents bbl. cash in 15

days.

Medusa "White" $ 8.50 per bbl.

Forms, Labors average 22.00 per M.
Average cost of concrete in place,

exclusive of forms, 28c per cu. ft.
4-inch concrete basement

floor 13c to 14c per sq. ft.

4% inch Concrete Basement

floor 13c to 14c per sq. ft.

2-inch rat-proofing.. ..6%c per sq. ft.
Concrete Steps $1.10 per lin. ft.

Dampproofing and Waterproofing —

Two-coat work, 18c per yard.
Membrane waterproofing — 4 layers

of saturated felt, $5.00 per square.
Hot coating work, $1.80 per square.
Medusa Waterproofing, 15%c per

bbl, San Francisco Warehouse.

Electric Wiring — $2.75 to $8.50 per
outlet for conduit work (including
switches).
Knob and tube average $2.35 to

$5.00 per outlet, including

switches.

Elevators —

Prices vary according to capacity,
speed and type. Consult elevator
companies. Average cost of in-
stalling an automatic elevator in
four-story building, $2450; direct
automatic, about $2400.

Excavation —

Sand, 40 cents; clay or shale, 90c
per yard.

Teams, $10.00 per day.

Trucks, $20 to $25 per day.

Above figures are an average with-
out water. Steam shovel work in
large quantities, less; hard ma-
terial, such as rock, will run con-
siderably more.

Fire Escapes —

Ten-foot balcony, with stairs,
$65.00 per balcony.

Glass (consult with manufacturers) —
Double strength window glass, 15c

per square foot.
Quartz Lite, 50c per square foot.

Plate 80c per square foot.
Art, $1.00 up per square foot.
Wire (for skylights), 27c per square

foot.
Obscure glass, 2;5c square foot.
Note — Add extra for setting.

Heating —

Average, $1.60 per sq. ft. of radia-
tion, according to conditions.

iTon — Cost of ornamental iron, cast

iron, etc., depends on designs.
Lumber (prices delivered to hldg. site)
Common, $22.00 per M (average).
Common O. P. select, average, $26.00
per M.

1x6 No. 3— Form Lumber $15.00 per M

1x4 No. 1 flooring VG 55.00 per M

1x4 No. 2 flooring 46.00 per M

1x4 No. 3 flooring — 40.00 per M

1 x 6 No. 2 flooring 50.00 per M

11/4x4 and 6 No. 2 flooring 55.00 per M

Slash grain —

1x4 No. 2 flooring $35.00 per M

1x4 No. 3 flooring 32.00 per M

No. 1 common run to T. & G 28.00 per M

Lath 5.00 per M

Shingles (add cartage to prices
quoted) —

Redwood, No. 1 - $ .85 per bdle.

Redwood. No. 2 65 per bdle.

Red Cedar _ 85 per bdle.

Hardwood Flooring (delivered to
building) —

13-16x314" T & G Maple $105.00 M ft.

1 l-16x2V T & G Maple 135.00 M ft.

%x3% sq. edge Maple 122.50 M ft.

13-16x214" %x2" 6-16x2"

T&G T&G Sq.Ed.

Clr. Qtd. Oak ....$175.00 M $125.00 M $158 M

Sel. Qtd. Oak .... 115.00 M 95.00 M 110 M

Clr. Pla. Oak .... 110.00 M 87.00 M 95 M

Sel. Pla. Oak 106.00 M 68.00 M 82 M

Clear Maple 110.00 M 82.00 M

Laying & Finishing 16c ft. 15c ft. 13c ft.
Wage— Floor layers. $9.00 per day.

Building Paper —

1 ply per 1000 ft. roll $2.80

2 ply per 1000 ft. roll 4.2'"

3 plv per 1000 ft. roll _ 6.50

Sisa'lkraft, 600 ft. roll 5.50

Sash cord com. No. 7 $1.00 per 100 ft.

Sash cord com. No. 8 1.10 per 100 ft.

Sash cord spot No. 7 1.60 per 100 ft.

Sash cord spot No. 8..._ 1.90 per 100 ft.

Sash weights cast iron, $45.00 ton

Nails. $2.85 base.
Belgian nails, $2.60 base.

Milhvork —

O. P. $72.50 per 1000. R. W., $76.00

per 1000 (delivered).
Double hung box window frames,

average, with trim, $5.00 and up.

each.
Doors, including trim (single panel,

1% in. Oregon pine) $5.75 and up,

each.
Doors, including trim (five panel,

1% in. Oregon pine) $5.50 each.
Screen doors, $3.50 each.
Patent screen windows, 20c a sq. ft.
Cases for kitchen pantries seven ft.

high, per lineal ft., $4.25 each.
Dining room cases, $5.25 per lineal

foot.
Labor — Rough carpentry, warehouse

heavy framing (average), $11.00

per M.
For smaller work, average, $22 to

$30 per 1000.

The Architect and Engineer, January, 1932

NOTE — Above quotations are for Ts inch
wainscot in large slabs f.o.b. factory.
Prices on all other classes of work should
be obtained from the manufacturers.

Floor Tile— Set in place.

Verde Antique 52.50 sq. ft.

Tennessee 1.50 sq. ft.

Alaska 1.35 sq. ft.

Columbia 1.45 sq. ft.

Yule Colorado 1.45 sq. ft.

Travertine 1-WJ sq.tt

raintiiii; —

Two-coat work 27c per yard

Three-coat work 36c per yard

Cold Water Painting 8c per yard

Whitewashing 4c per yard

Turpentine. 85c per gal. in cans and

*9c per gal. in drums.
Raw Linseed Oil — 71c gal. in bbls.
Boiled Linseed Oil — 72c gal. in bbls.
Medusa Portland Cement Paint, 20c

per lb.

Carter or Dutch Boy White Lead in
Oil (in steel kegs).

Per Lb.

1 ton lots, 100 lbs. net weight 10%c
500 lb. and less than 1 ton lots 12c
Less than 500 lb. lots.... 10%c

Dutch Roy Dry Red Lead and

Litharge (in steel kegs).

1 ton lots. 100 lb. kegs, net wt. 10%c
500 lb. and less than 1 ton lots 12c
Less than 500 lb. lots 1094c

Red Lead in Oil (in steel kegs)

1 ton lots. 100 lb. kegs, net. wt. 12c
500 Hi. and less than 1 ton lots 12%c
Less than 500 lb. lots 12%c

Note — Accessibility and conditions
cause wide variance of costs.

Patent Chimneys—

6-inch $1.00 lineal foot

8-inch 1.50 lineal foot

10-inch 1.85 lineal foot

12-inch 2.10 lineal foot

Pipe Casings — 12" long (average),
$8.00 each. Each additional inch 10c.

Plastering — Interior —

Yard

1 coat, brown mortar only, wood lath....$0.36

2 coats, lime mortar hard finish, wood
lath _ 45

2 coats, hard wall plaster, wood lath 50

3 coats, metal lath and plaster 90

Keene cement on metal lath 1.10

Ceilings with % hot roll channels metal

lath _ 65

Ceilings with % hot roll channels metal

lath plastered 1.30

Shingle partition % channel lath 1 side .60
Single partition 94 channei lath 2 sides

2 inches thick 2.00

4-inch double partition % channel lath

2 sides 1.20

4-inch double partition % channel lath

2 sides plastered — . 2.25

Plastering — Exterior —

Yard

2 coats cement finish, brick or con-
crete wall $ .90

2 coats Atlas cement, brick or con-
crete wall 1.15

3 coats cement finish No. IS gauge
wire mesh — „ 1.60

3 coats Medusa finish No. 18 gauge

wire mesh 2.90

Wood lath, $4.00 per 1000.

2.5-lb. metal lath (dipped) 15

2.5-lb. metal lath (galvanized) _ IS

3.4-lb. metal lath (dipped) __ 20

3.4-lb. metal lath (galvanized) 25

34-inch hot roll channels, $45 per ton.

Finish plaster, $16.40 ton ; in paper sacks.
Dealer's commission, $1.00 off above

quotations.

$13.85 (rebate 10c sack).
Lime, f.o.b. warehouse. $2.25bbl. :cars. $2.15
Lime, bulk (ton 2000 lbs.), $16.00 ton.
Wall Board 5 ply. $43.00 per M.
Hydrate Lime, $19.50 ton.

1932 Wage Schedule for San Francisco Building Trades

ESTABLISHED BY THE IMPARTIAL WAGE BOARD OCTOBER 17, 1931.

This scale is to be considered as a minimum and employees of superior skill and

craft knowledge may be paid in excess of the amounts set forth herein.

II, ■> I

CRAFT ".Mechanic- Helpers

Asbestos Workers $ 8.00 s

Bricklayers 11.00

Bricklayers' Hodcarriers 7.00

Cabinet Workers (Shop) 7.50

Cabinet workers (Outside) ... 9.00
Caisson Workers (Open). . 8.00

< arpenters ... 9.00

Cement Finisher- ... 9.00

Cork Insulation Worker, 9.00

Workers 9 00

Fixture Hangers 8^00

Elevator C irui 10.00 7.00

Engineers, Portable and Hoisting 9.00

Glass Workers 8.50

Hardwood Floormen 9.00

Housemovers s!oo

Hon Hi., Architectural Iron 9t)0

11 rniths, Reinforced Corn rete,

or Rodmen 9.00

Iron PI orkera c Bridge and Strui

tural), including Engineers 11.00
Laborers (6-day week) 5.50

Lathers, ' Ihannel Iron 10 00

Ml Other 8'50

Marble Setters 1000 1, no

Marble Cutters an, I Copers . 8.00

Marble Bed Rubbers 7 50

Marble Polishers an. I Finishers 700
Millmen. Planing Mill Dept 7.00

Millmen. s.i ii and I' 6.00

Millwrights 9.00

• ikers 10 00

Model Ci 9 00

ind Terrain) Workers 9^00

9 00

Journeymen
CRAFT .Mechanics Helpers

Painters. Varnishers and Polishers

(Shop) s 7.50 $

I'ainters. Varnishers and Polishers

(Outside) 9 00

Pile Urivers and Wharf Builders. 9.00

Pile Drivers Engineers 10.00
Plasterers .11.00

Plasterers' Hodcarriers 7.50

Plumbers (0.00

Roofers, Composition 8 00

Roofers. All Others . 8.00

sheet Metal Workers 9.00

Sprinkler Killers . 11.00

Steam Fitters 10.00

Stair Builders 9.00

Steel Pan, Concrete . 7.00

Stone Cullers, Soft anil Granite . 8.50

Stone Setters. Soft anil Granite.... 9.00

Si ■ I larvers 8.50

Stone Derrickmen 9.00

lil. Setters 10.00 6 00

Pile, Cork ami Rubber 9 00

\ulo Truck Drivi

Less than 3,500 lbs, 6.00
Audi Truck Drivers

2,500 lbs. to 4.500 lbs. . 6.50

Auto Truck Driver-

4,500 lbs. to 6,500 lbs. . 7.00

Auto Truck Drivers —

6,500 lbs. ami over 7.50

General Teamsters, 1 Horse 6.00

General Teamsters. 1 Horses 6.50

ecu. 1.1I teamsters, 1 horses 7.00

Plow 1'eamsters, 4 Horses 7.00

s. laper teamsters, _> Hor-.-s (,,50

Scraper Teamsters, 4 Horses 6.50

Composition Stucco — $1.35 to $1.75 per
sq. yard (applied).

Plumbing —

From $58.00 per fixture up, accord-
ing to grade, quantity and runs.

Roofing —

'"Standard" tar and gravel, $5.00 per
square for 30 squares or over.

Less than 30 squares. $5.25 per sq.

Tile, $17.00 to $30.00 per square.

Redwood Shingles, $11.00 per square
in place.

Cedar Shingles, $10 sq. in place.

Recoat, with Gravel, $3.00 per sq.

Sheet Metal—

Windows— Metal, $1.80 a sq. foot.
Fire doors (average), including
hardware, $2.00 per sq. ft.

Skylights—

Copper, $1.00 sq. ft. (not glazed).
Galvanized iron, 25c sq. ft. (not
glazed).

Stone-
Granite, average, $7.00 cu. foot in

place.
Sandstone, average Blue, $3.50;

Boise, $2.60 sq. ft. in place.
Indiana Limestone, $2.60 per sq. ft.

in place.

Store Fronts — •

Copper sash bars for store fronts,
corner, center and around sides,
will average 70c per lineal foot.

Note — Consult with agents.

GENERAL WORKING CONDITIONS—

1. Eight hours shall constitute a day's work
for all crafts, except as otherwise noted.

2. Plasterers' Hodcarriers, Bricklayers' Hodcar-
riers, Roofers' Laborers and Engineers, Portable
and Hoisting, shall start 15 minutes before other
workmen, both at morning and at noon.

3. Five days, consisting of not more than
eight hours a day, on Monday to Friday inclu-
sive, shall constitute a week's work.

4. The wages set forth herein shall be con-
sidered as net wages.

5. Transportation costs in excess of twenty-five
cents each way shall be paid by the contractor.

6. Traveling time in excess of one and one-half
hours each way shall be paid for at straight
time rates.

7. Overtime shall be paid as follows: For the
first four hours after the first eight hours, time
and one-half. All time thereafter shall be paid
double time. Saturdays (except Laborers), Sun-
days and Holidays from 12 midnight of the pre-
ceding day, shall be paid double time.

8. On Saturday Laborers shall be paid straight
time for an eight-hour day.

9. Where two shifts are worked in any twenty-
four hours, shift time shall be straight lime.
Where three shifts are worked, eight hours' pay
shall be paid for seven hours on the second and
third shifts.

10. Alt work, except as noted in paragraph II,
shall be performed between the hours of 8 a. m.
and 5 p. m.

11. In emergencies, where premises cannot be
vacated until the close of business, men then
reporting for work shall work at straight time.
Any work performed on such jobs after midnight
shall he paid time and one-half up to four hours
of overtime and double time thereafter, provided,
that it a new crew is employed on Saturdays,
Sundays or Holidays which has not worked dur-
ing the ft\e preceding working days, such crew-
shall he paid time and one-half. No job can be
considered as an emergency job until it has been
registered with the Industrial Association and a
determination has been made that the job falls
within the terms of this section.

12. Recognized holidays to be: New Year's
Day. Decoration Day, Fourth of July, Labor
Day, Admission Day, Thanksgiving Day. Christ-
mas Day

13. Men ordered to report for work, for whom
no employment is provided. >hall be entitled to
two hours' pay.

14. This award shall be effective in the coun-
lies of San Francisco and Alameda.

The Architect and Engineer, January, 1932

proven professional ability in order that our Fed-
eral architecture may truly represent our national
genius and keep pace with the rapid development
of the arts of architecture and engineering. Archi-
tects or engineers shall not be employed without
prior submission to the Secretary of the Treasury
of satisfactory evidence of their qualifications and
experience.

Section 3. That wherever circumstances war-
rant, such services shall be contracted for by the
employment of the ablest architects and engineers
resident in the general sections of the country
wherin such Fderal buildings are to be erected.

Section 4. At the discretion of the Secretary
of the Treasury, the employment of outside archi-
tects or engineers may be omitted in connection
with public buildings of a total cost for building
and site of not more than fifty thousand dollars
($50,000).

Section 5. That all such individuals, firms or
corporations shall render their services subject to
the approval and under the direction of the Super-
vising Architect of the Treasury, whose duty it
shall be to act for the Government in all matters
regarding sites, the allotment and subdivision of
space, the control of technical detail, the letting of
contracts, and the supervision of the erection of
said Federal buildings.

Section 6. Nothing in this act shall be con-
strued to affect the duties of the Supervising
Architect of the Treasury in regard to mainten-
ance, alterations, repair, or supervision of either
existing or proposed public buildings.

Section 7. That the cost of compensation for
outside professional or technical services shall be
charged to the appropriation for the construction
of the building for which such services are ren-
dered.

Section 8. All acts or parts of acts inconsistent
with the terms of this act are hereby repealed.

RECOMMENDS LOCAL ARCHITECTS

The following resolution has been passed by
the Western Division of the National Chamber
of Commerce: —

The Western Division recommends that, in the
case of the construction of government buildings,
the government architect should act only in the
capacity of a supervising or consulting architect
and as liaison officer between government depart-
ments in the preparation of building plans and
programs; and further that local architects and
engineers, who customarily have a more intimate
knowledge of local materials and local conditions,
be employed to the fullest possible extent in gov-
ernment building activities.

The Western Division further recommends
that the Board of Directors of the National
Chamber should request the Committee on Gov-
ernment Competition in Business to give thorough
consideration to this matter with a view to in-
cluding within its final report recommendations
looking to the elimination of this type of govern-
ment competition.

REDWOOD INTERIORS

The California Redwood Association has
started a drive to interest architects in the possi-
bilities of redwood for interior finish. Redwood
is one of the few building materials that an archi-
tect can play with to the extent of working out
original and distinctive designs, using his genius
and artistic ability to accomplish unusual effects.
Every California house, in the opinion of the As-
sociation, should have its redwood room, if the
house is to be typical of California.

It is not generally known that redwood grows
only in the state of California. "Just as we have
California architecture in residence design," says
a member of the Association, "so we should have
a California redwood room, outstanding for its
uniqueness and of interest to the owner and his
guests because of what it typifies."

Redwoods' natural color ranges from cherry
red to mahogany. Two coats of a good grade of
floor wax are used as a base for a natural finish
and a natural finish blends well in most settings.
For a den or library, redwood paneled walls and
ceilings offer an effective treatment. The use
of certain acid stains to react with the normal
chemicals prevalent in redwood, produces color
combinations not possible with many other woods.
A particularly successful and popular stain is
known as "driftwood gray."

The Swedish provincial room in the John
Breuner Store, Oakland, is an outstanding ex-
ample of the possibilities of California redwood
for interior finish.

Redwood also has its appeal for exterior con-
struction. An outside finish with oil will weather
to dark rustic. For half timbered effects redwood
blends particularly well.

SACRAMENTO BUILDING OUTLOOK

Building projects to cost $4,019,830 will be
completed in Sacramento this year, according to
a newspaper announcement. Three of the projects
were started late in 1931 and the rest will get
under way early this year. The projects follow:

Postoffice and Federal building. $1,000,000;
three junior high schools, $1,000,000; American
river flood control work, $875,000; county home
for the aged, $100,000; addition to the City Hall,
$100,000; eighteen-hole golf course, $100,000; ad-
ditions to the filtration plant, $504,830; Catholic
orphanage, $250,000. and an addition to the State
printing plant, $100,000.

Two major projects, involving an expenditure
of $300,000, will be undertaken by the county in
1932. One will be a new bridge across the Amer-
ican river on the Fair Oaks Boulevard to cost
$200,000, and the other will be the county poor
farm to cost $100,000.

The Architect and Engineer, January, 1932

All Steel Construction

THE General Electric Refrigerator
is all steel construction. Every
corner welded. Built for a lifetime
of trouble'free service.

The simple, current'saving mech'
anism is hermetically sealed in the
steel walls of the Monitor Top. It
requires no attention, not even oiling.
Sliding shelves for added conven'
ience.

Every General Electric is clean, dur'
able and sanitary. Built to defy the
years. Completely guaranteed by the
manufacturer against service expense
for three years.

GENERAL M ELECTRIC

ALL S T E E L R E FRICUATDR

UTe

L.I I. Bennett Qm^ny,

Northern California and Nevada Diatribulnr
4(11 Sullir Slreet, Sun Francisco

MARBLE GLASS

[Concluded from Page 74]
These slabs may be made any size, color or tex-
ture. Striking and original combinations are pos-
sible. Marbles quarried in this country and abroad
may be imitated with remarkable likeness, accord-
ing to a representative of the manufacturers.
Lines as fine as the human hair may be embod-
ied in the design.

"Marble-glass", explained one of the promoters,
"is as durable as stone and requires little or no
service to keep it clean and glossy. An occasional
dusting of the glass is all that is needed to retain
the polished effect.

"The back of the glass slab is protected with a
thin fabric which acts as a reinforcement. To in-
stall, the slabs are set in a resilient or onyx ce-
ment. Ample provision is made for expansion and
contraction. Cost of installation is very economi-
cal.

"The material is adaptable for the exterior of
buildings, particularly store fronts, offering a light
type of veneer that may be combined with metal
with very satisfactory results. It may also be used
in vestibules of large buildings, hotel lobbies,
theater foyers, halls and corridors, rest rooms and
for small pieces of furniture, such as desk tops,
serving tables, etc."

A varied assortment of samples simulating
many of the higher type marbles may be seen at
the MacGruer Studio in San Francisco.

Recent contracts include Tate's cafeteria and
the Downey Flake Doughnut Shop, both in San
Francisco. Cobbledick, Kibbe Glass Company.
San Francisco and Oakland, are the Northern
California distributors of marble-glass.

LUMBER COMPANY HAS GOOD YEAR
The Sunset Lumber Company, Oakland, is one
of few California industries that reports having
closed the year 1931 with a profitable business.
General Manager Pearce is reported as saying
that the volume of orders during the closing
months of 1931 more than offset the lull expe-
rienced the first part of the year.

Important contracts filled by the Sunset Com-
pany during the year included all the millwork at
the Relief Home. Lick School. Girls High School
and Municipal Health Center in San Francisco;
lumber and millwork amounting to $30,000 for the
Fremont High School, Oakland; lumber for the
new Paramount Theater, Oakland, and 300,000
feet of lumber for the John Breuner building.

The Sunset Company is a member of the Mill-
work Institute of California which membership
means that the millwork products of the company
have been manufactured in accordance with the
accredited standards for architectural woodwork.

The Architect and Engineer, January, 1932

hOOVL RLVILWS

PLANNING FOR GOOD ACOUSTICS. By
Hope Bagenal, A. R. I. B. A. and Alex.
Wood. D. Sc, M. A. Published by E. P.
Dutton & Co., Inc., 300 Fourth Ave., New
York City. Price $6.75.

In this excellently illustrated and well ar-
ranged book, the authors contribute a useful ref-
erence volume to the architectural profession. It
embraces the important problems of acoustics
dealing with the old as well as the new develop-
ments in the science. The radio and talking
picture theater have given rise to new problems
in acoustics which confront the architect in his
modern practice.

The technical points are well taken concern-
ing sound waves, absorption of echoes, pitch and
timbre in general and then by specific formulas.
This book is a direct contribution to modern arch-
itecture and should be well received by the pro-
fession.

FREEHAND DRAFTING. By Anthony E.
7<norich, Published by D. Van Nostrand
Company, 8 Warren Street, New York City.

A simplified handbook which will give the user
sufficient knowledge of the subject of freehand
drafting to make his work of practical value in
every day practice. It teaches the graphic langu-
age— drafting.

There are seventy-one illustrations detailing
the problems outlined in the text and sketches.
The student draftsman should find immediate and
daily use for this book.

RECENT TRADE LITERATURE
The Holland Institute of Thermology, collab-
orating with Dr. E. Vernon Hall, has prepared an
interesting brochure on "Air Conditioning in the
House." It is a fact-book and embraces all the
major points and problems of heating, humidity,
ventilation and air conditioning and control in a
thorough and exhaustive research. This brochure
may be obtained by addressing the Holland In-
stitute of Thermology at Holland. Michigan.

For the purpose of stimulating the steadily in-
creasing interest in American walnut, a series of
five attractive brochures to give manufacurers, de-
signers and dealers interesting information re-
garding walnut and its use in certain important
furniture styles, has been prepared by the Amer-
ican Walnut Manufacturers' Association, in ad-
dition to the many publications that have ap-
peared during the past twelve years.

Another Lindgren & Swinerton, Inc.

Contract Completed

22 STORY MILLS TOWER, SAN FRANCISCO

Lewis P. Hobart, Architect

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The Architect and Engineer, fanuaru, 1932

QUALITY
GUARANTEED!

THERE is no "just as
good" unless it is another
KENNERSON STEEL
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Other factual information in regard to the
trend of woods used in furniture and interiors, a
result of careful surveys, is graphically set forth
in one of these folders as an aid to the architect.

The brochures, may be obtained from the As-
sociation, 616 South Michigan Boulevard, Chi-
cago.

GENERAL VERSUS SEPARATE

CONTRACTS*

By Joseph E. Rosatti, Architect

For want of better names, the two methods
of contracting now in use are designated as the
general and the separate contract systems. Each
of these two systems has its supporters and its
enemies among the business agencies of construc-
tion and the engineer and the architect should be
on his guard to figure out the motives of the indi-
vidual or business group. Much has been written
about them and considerable has been enacted
into codes of practice or law, but through it all
apparently runs a forgetfulness of those who pay
the bill.

The general contractor, capable of financing and
managing a job in its entirety, prefers the general
contract, because it creates a demand for his spe-
cific service. A subcontractor may prefer the sep-
arate contract because it enables him to deal di-
rectly with the owner, thus getting away from
certain abuses which can be practiced by un-
scrupulous general contractors. Some architects
may believe that their conceptions are carried out
more satisfying by separation, whereas others un-
questionably lean toward it to escape the backfire
of poor plans.

It is evident that either the general contract or
the separate contract can be utilized to the spe-
cific convenience of one or another of the various
agencies of construction but as all those agencies
are presumed to serve the owner and as the own-
er's money makes building possible, it seems logi-
cal that his interests should be the criterion for
judgment. Using this idea as the basis, the fol-
lowing analysis of the two systems is offered with
the hope that the conclusions drawn may at least
stimulate collective thinking.

The general contract in building operations is
an agreement between an owner and a single con-
struction agency whereby that agency agrees to
deliver to the owner a structure fully completed
in accordance with the plans and specifications of
the designers. The outstanding characteristic of
the general contract in comparison with other
types is centralized responsibility for financing,
general management and detailed timing of instal-
lations whereby the cost of the work and time of

• An address to the Associated Contractors of South Dakota.

The Architect and Engineer. January, 191?

completion may be controlled according to some
rational and comprehensive plan.

The term separate contracts is applied to con-
tracts whereby an owner enters directly into
agreement with a number of independent con-
tractors for the construction of the component
parts of a project. Under this system no con-
tractual relation exists between the various con-
tractors and, generally speaking, each is an agent
of the owner. The work of coordinating their
work, or the general management of the job, is
performed by an agent of the owner. In some
cases certain parts are let to those who operate as
subcontractors and the remaining major portion
are awarded to some principal contractor. This
partial separation is subject to the same reasoning
as the complete separation, because the difference
is only a matter of degree.

When a general contractor properly functions
he finances the work during construction, per-
forms certain parts of the work himself and co-
ordinates the operations of all agencies working
on the project, so that it may be constructed prop-
erly as a whole. Also he assumes certain risks
and against which the owner is entirely protected.

These risks are as follows:

1 . Delay in finishing job.

2. Increased cost of building.

3. Injury to workmen and public.

4. Patent infringements.

5. Injury to adjacent property.

6. Fire and theft.

7. Liens.

8. Default of subcontractors.

9. Imperfect materials, etc.

Contrary to the general opinion the principal
function of the general contractor is not to erect
steel, brick or concrete but to provide skillful cen-
tralized management for coordinating all the vari-
ous trades, timing their installations and regulat-
ing their work to some set plan.

The general contract system holds one single
agency, the general contractor, financially respon-
sible for the completion of a project within a given
time and for a specified price. If the time or cost
should over-run, it's the contractor's loss and not
that of the owner's. This is not true under the
separate contract system where the architect or
engineer is the general manager of the work. He
does not presume to guarantee the cost or pay for
the penalty for delay and he should not as his
services are professional. When the professional,
either architect or engineer, awards various por-
tions of jobs to various contractors and he himself
performs the managership necessary to coordinate

vJUR architectural representatives are
competent to serve you with expert ad-
vice on the proper application of the
many Johns-Manville products which
enter into building.

Address — Architectural Service De-
partment, Johns-Manville, 292 Madison
Avenue, New York City.

Don't Make A Mistake!

Good Window Shades Wear Well
and Add to the Appearance of
Every Window in Every Building

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The Architect and Engineer, January, 1932

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their work, he is no longer a professional but a
business executive.

Often the professionals have not understood the
liabilities, etc. which a separate contract system
places on an owner, nevertheless they are there,
economically, ethically and legally, and the owner
can not escape them. If the architect or engineer
assumed these serious responsibilities the situation
would be entirely different.

The liabilities mentioned are by no means imag-
inary and in many cases have cost the owner
enormous sums of money. Under the separate
contract system issues arise over the use of hoists,
the laying out of conduits, storage of materials,
the installation of safety devices and many other
disputable matters. Such conditions as these cause
confusion on the job, mutual interference among
the various contractors, injection of extra expense
and the filing of perfectly legitimate claims against
each or the owner. And as there is no responsible
agency between the owner and the various inde-
pendent and separate contractors to absorb any
loss the owner cannot escape payments of these
legitimate claims. So from the owner's standpoint
the general contractor is a safer bet than the pro-
fessional architect or engineer for the former
guarantees the price and also must foot the bills
for any of his mistakes. If the professional de-
sires to engage in business, he has the right to
do so, but to exercise the business function in-
volved in the separate contract system, and to let
the owner proceed in such cases, without inform-
ing him of his liabilities, does not have the ear-
marks of fair play.

In matters of criminal liability due to various
causes, if an owner is sued under the separate
contract system he is very likely to be doubtful
whether he should stand suit with the offending
contractor or join with the plaintiff against him.
while a properly drawn general contract central-
izes all responsibility in a single agency whose
obligations are relatively clear and can be reached
at law and held responsible by an owner, should
the performance be upset by ignorance, negligence
or dishonesty of any agency on the job.

Some who favor the separate contract method
in order to prove its adoption, cite cases where
the total of the separate contracts is lower than
the general contract bid. This they claim is
economy but at the same time they fail to state
that there are far more cases where the general
bid is lowest.

There is another angle to bid prices, which
overshadows the initial comparison, as follows:
Assuming that plans and specifications are accu-
rate, to complete them under a general contract,
the contract price is all the owner is required to

The Architect and Engineer. January. 1932

pay but when several independent contractors are
engaged on interlocking work under the direction
of an architect or engineer the sum of their prices
rarely, if ever, constitutes the total cost because
extra expenses as already suggested arise from
delays, interference, misplaced work and lack of
cooperation between the various independent con-
tractors. Under a general contract these extras are
paid by the contractor himself.

There is also the point of competition to be
considered. In receiving proposals for a general
contract the owner gets a double competition;
first, the competition of the subcontractors dealing
with the general, and second, competition between
the general contractors themselves. Often a gen-
eral contractor considering a bid from a sub-
bidder too high, will substitute his own figures
and bring the cost of the work within them. Also
it is commonly recognized that the general con-
tractor receives lower bids from the various trades
than an owner dealing directly, for the reason
that he has his regular contracts with subcontrac-
tors who wish to deal with him in the future while
the owner may never employ them again.

Some members of the mechanical trades in
seeking to establish separate contracts have repre-
sented that general contractors add a margin to
sub-bids, for which no service is given and that
this margin called profit can be saved by dealing
directly with subcontractors. Entirely aside from
the management service of the general contractor
there are many other expenses on the job which
this so-called profit must meet. Inquiry among
representative construction companies shows that
the usual margin added to the subcontract is
about five per cent. This amount in most cases is
a service charge to compensate for such items as
night watchman, superintendent, hoisting, storage
space, protection from weather and other over-
head expenses which are not included in the sub-
contractor's bid. Income tax reports show that the
average net profits in contracting have been less
than two per cent, and that approximately 30 per
cent of the companies made no profit in 1924:
therefore, there is evidently some room for doubt
about the saving of this profit under separate con-
tracts.

Another important fact is that workmanship
and materials under the general contract system
receive double inspection, one by the architect to
protect the owner and the other by the general
contractor to protect himself, for he is responsible
to the owner for the work of the subcontractors.
Under separate contracts the architect or engi-
neer can doubtless receive a satisfactory quality
of work of a specific contractor but quality in the

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The Architect and Engineer, January. 1932

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specific trade does not insure quality on the proj-
ect as a whole. Unless the various parts have been
properly timed, joined and finished as a whole the
value of the project is impaired.

A well-known architect has said that there
never has been and probably never would be pre-
pared a complete and perfect set of plans. Some
changing and adjustment in the field is always
necessary. This condition seems to necessitate
some central agency in the contract to produce a
structure that is integrally sound. Proper timing
of operations is a necessity on which the quality
of a building project particularly depends.

Under complete separation of contracts, proper
timing, joining finish, cutting or patching is ex-
tremely difficult to produce. Each trade seems at
liberty to bore holes but feels no need to their
filling and finish. Under partial separation, where
some principal contractor is held responsible for
such work, this is also a problem as such con-
tractor lacks control over those who do cutting,
etc. Well, a number of construction firms that
have been consulted have declared that they
would like to be rid of the responsibility for the
mechanical trades, were it not for the fact that
when those trades operate under independent
contracts, efficient operation and satisfactory con-
duct of work as a whole is impossible.

In conclusion, the general contract system was
not suddenly conceived and launched upon the
public but grew to meet the requirements of own-
ers through a long period of years. It has endured
in the hands of individuals who were unorganized,
when all industry around them had developed
strong trade associations. By its endurance has
been demonstrated the soundness and economy
of centralized construction management and it
should not be cast aside merely to suit the con-
venience of a specific trade or profession. Rather
than attempt to correct any group or individual
annoyances by scrapping a system which is both
theoretically sound and practical, the responsible
parties of each group should cooperate in correct-
ing abuses, until all parties concerned with con-
struction wage war on ignorance and unethical
practice within their ranks.

9fi

ENGINEERS ENGAGED
The Robert W. Hunt Company, engineers,
have been commissioned by the Southern Cali-
fornia Telephone Company to make mill, shop
and field inspection of the structural steel which
will enter into the new Angelus exchange. Fourth
and Lorena Streets, Los Angeles. McClintic-Mar-
shall Company have the contract to furnish the
structural steel.

The Architect and Engineer, January. 1932

A HOME FOR $3,000

An ideal home built to sell for $3,000 and
capable of being erected in a week should be
evolved by architectural research to solve the low-
cost housing problem, it is declared by Wallace
K. Harrison of the New York Chapter of the
American Institute of Architects.

Building is almost the only field that is under-
produced rather than over-produced, he says, as-
serting that business must look to the construc-
tion industry for an upturn.

"There were 300.000 houses built in 1929 at
prices around $5,000 — a billion dollar industry,"
continues Mr. Harrison, who is a partner of Har-
vey Wiley Corbett, chairman of the Architectural
Commission of the Chicago World's Fair in 1933.

"There were less than 100, .000 houses built in
1931 at less than $5,000, or 30 per cent of the
1926 we had caught up the slack; from 1926 to
year at less than $5,000. or 30 per cent of the
1929 figure. From 1920 to 1923 there was no
1928 we were building surplus. Since 1928 we
have been trying to digest this surplus.

"While the three great questions of today, the
treaty of Versailles, Russian dumping, and gen-
eral over-production, may affect us vitally, it is to
the building industry that we must look for signs
of recovery.

"Unfortunately, due to lack of incentive, the
condition of the industry now is creating prob-
lems for both architects and producers. Eddie
Cantor's story about the Indians getting the best
part of the deal when they sold Manhattan Island
for twenty-four dollars and a few bottles of rum
is very nearly true, or will be this winter.

"But, there is the additional hope that in the
last few weeks the prices of houses have started
to rise. Building is still a biological necessity. The
desire to change from city to country is stronger
and more fundamental than the country to city
urge. We must all walk on green grass and occa-
sionally feel natural.

"Socrates expressed the fear that the human
race was losing all attachment to the soil because
living in the high apartments of the paved city of
Athens had created an artificial life. After two
thousand years this story was heard again in
1929, but that idea is over.

"People do not want to own a co-operative part
of a bee-hive smothered by smoke, deafened by
sound and fumed out by gasoline; but they do
thrill at the idea of a home where they can close
the gate and defy the world.

"In New York and other large cities, the lack
of city planning has made for the breakdown of
communication and the congestion of people. Even

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he new JOHN BREUNER STORE
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The Architect and Engineer. January, 1932

DEPENDABILITY
"Since 1858"

LINOLEUMS

CARPETS':- RUGS

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Estimates furnished

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SAN FRANCISCO

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San Francisco:
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Los Angeles:
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now the millionaire on Park Avenue lives in
poorer quarters than the lowliest peasant in many
countries abroad.

"Wall Street, where he works, is even worse.
It is only by such gigantic group efforts as Mr.
Rockefeller's Center that the city can be saved
from suffocating and from a fate like that of
Sienna in the 1300's. Unfortunately we have too
few Mr. Rockefellers, and it will take years for
this lesson to do any good.

"The people who work and live under bad con-
ditions during boom times will have to go back
to the country; and this means more homes. Who
is to provide these? The building industry or the
great individual corporations?

"The latter have already made great strides, for
they realize that the answer is a mass-produced
house made in a factory, as an auto is made: tak-
ing advantage of a standard product, continuous
production winter and summer, with a factory
wage of $7.00 a day in place of a job wage of
$12.00 a day for the bulk of the work.

"After a year's study I am convinced that the
architect, producer, contractor and union laborer
can do a better job. Already such men as Kocker.
Davidson, Fuller, Beckwith and Davis have
studied this problem for years. I have such faith
in the possibilities that I have built a house of
glass and aluminum in which to live and study
the advantages and defects of the method.

"To develop our work in this field we need a
research bureau,, whose task it will be to study
and produce a house which can be sold for
$3,000 on very long term credits permitting in-
stallment payments and pay a profit.

"It must be fireproof, stormproof and flood-
proof; full of sunlight; with every modern device;
erected by union labor; sold by present material
men; and able to pass all building laws. It must
be capable of being erected in a week or less; be
light, mechanically simple, and perfectly planned
to relieve the housewife of all drudgery.

"One item which will be a great aid is the
change in fashion which has come in the designs
of furnishings and houses in recent years — mod-
ern design through which the machine is used in
place of the craftsman and individual artisan of
the past.

"This style lends itself particularly to mass pro-
duction. Builders in this country do not yet realize
how definitely this style has spread over Europe."

ADVERTISING
A check of 102 large companies throughout the
country shows a 58 per cent better profit to the
firms which increased their advertising in 1931
over those which decreased it.

The Architect and Engineer, January, 1932

WHAT OF ARCHITECTS?
By Robert D. Kohn, F. A. I. A.

OU have asked me to send your Chapter a
sort of presidential message, and incident-
ally to suggest subjects that your Chapter could
take up and discuss during the coming season.
I wish that I might send you a cheerful reply, to
say to you that all is well with this, the best of
worlds, and that we can devote ourselves to our
Art, now and forever hereafter, unhampered by
mere material considerations — but alas, the truth
is other.

It is a commonplace to say that we are going
through a critical period in which the whole world
is involved. We know only too well that we can-
not consider the situation of our profession apart
from that of all the other groups since that would
result only in near-sighted conclusions as inconse-
quential as those of the far-famed "tailors of
Tooley Street." But can we not consider our
problems in so broad a way as to bring the re-
sults in line with the search for a planned economy
which is being urged today on the world at large.
While such studies are difficult and the causes
and cures for our economic troubles are appar-
ently remote, yet it seems to me to be very worth-
while to devote a certain amount of time to such
consideration none the less.

Perhaps we can find guidance among the econ-
omists, both political and social, despite the fact
that there are as many different theories among
them as there are men. My own interest is in
those few philosophers among them who have
given thought to the possibilities of a planned
production for use. We probably all agree that
there are invaluable talents going to waste in our
profession; excellent artists who never get a fair
chance to show what they can do. The question
is are we to continue to depend on mere chance
for an opportunity to practice our art. Is it to
continue to be a hit-and-miss proposition? Or can
the subject of necessity building construction be
studied as will be the production of goods and
chattels? How would we go about determining
such production which is for real need as against
what has been, a production solely dependent on
salesmanship and hoped-for profits? To my mind
this will be the test of the value of our thinking
in our emergency, namely: whether we consider
the present as a depression, a slump from normal
arid wait for a resumption, or attack it as a period
for fundamental reconstruction.

So much for my philosophy about which every-

Editor's Note — This article, published in the Institute Journal, is in the
nature of a reply by the President of the American Institute of Archi-
tects to a request from one of the Institute Chapters, for a message of
cheer in these trying times for the profession.

SOULE CASEMENTS

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Windows, with specificationsandall essential data, in Sweet's
See our new 48-page catalog in Vol. A. Pages 1229-1276.

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DAYTON, OHIO

The Architect and Engineer, January. 1932

- " Sp .ialize in

SOUND CONTROL

and

Insulation Materials

H. K. WOOD LUMBER CO.
Lumber and Millwork

SAN FRANCISCO - OAKLAND - LOS ANGELES

LAXXOM BROTHERS
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ARCHITECTURAL
WOODWORK

Bank, Stare and Office
Fixtures

Fifth and Magnolia Streets Oakland. California

Phone LAkeside 3663

EXTERIOR and INTERIOR

MARBLE

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PROCTOR. VERMONT
Los Angeles - San Francisco - Tacoma. Wash.

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MASSILLON OHIO

BLACK GALVANIZED
and BLUE ANNEALED SHEETS

I m Representatives:

ANDREW CARRIGAN CO.

Rialto Building. San Francisco Phone KEam\ 2cOo

Equitable Bank Building. Los Angeles

Dexter-Honon Building. Seattle

one else may differ. Now to report on more prac-
tical matters. The Institute has under way certain
- which have some bearing on the present
situation. The most obvious of these is the ques-
tion of Public Works. Under the leadership of
Mr. La Beaume real progress has been made in
the last few months. There have been some un-
fortunate (or fortunate?) differences of opinion
on certain questions of fact between the commit-
tee and the government. Unofficial critics of the
government have said unkind things and evoked
rather sharp retorts. But it is a fact that the em-
ployment of outside architects bv the Federal
Government is more widespread than ever before
and the appointments are not confined to the east-
ern part of the country nor to a particular group
of architects. But it appears that the Treasurv De-
partment considers the engagement of ( over a
hundred ) outside architects as merelv an emer-
measure to be abandoned as soon as we
ek to norma]. In accordance with the Insti-
tute's policy that such emplovment is essential for
the permanent improvement of government archi-
tecture it is our task to avert this threatened set-
back. This would be a fitting subject for discus-
sion at Chapter meetings throughout the countrv.

It is generally said that there is onlv one field
in which we are not overbilt. that of residence
building. This is said to be the onlv form of con-
struction that offers a reasonable economic field for
construction work this year. Can we do any-
thing to advance low-cost home building? Can
architects join with real estate men. builders and
bankers to promote projects of group housing?
Perhaps architects still think too much in terms of
a house as a unit instead of considering the group
as a unit, properlv planned in relationship to each
other and to future development. The press has
urged this as the field for emergencv action in the
building industrv: that over °5 per cent of the
people of the United States have an income of less
than S5.000. and that a very large percentage of
the dwellings in which these people live are anti-
quated and inferior. We know that we have to
the problem of secondary financing, that is
to sav. the providing of funds to meet the differ-
ence? between the first mortgages and let us sav
90 per cent of actual cost. Can we help create
local or national emergencv funds for this purpose
as was done some years ago to finance the re-
building of certain cyclone destroyed areas of the
middle West?

The Institute has encouraged a move towards
the unification of the profession. This. too. needs
the help of local groups. It seems agreed that we
are going to propose some scheme to bring evcrv
practicing architect in the United States into rela-
tionship with the Institute.

The Architect and Engineer. Jaraiaru. 1°52

Considered as a factor in reconstruction, proba-
bly the fourth field of importance in the Institute's
present work is its effort to get such cooperation
between the major groups of the building industry
as to make an effective working unit of the indus-
try as a whole. With the approval of other groups,
the Committee on Industrial Relations of the In-
stitute invited eighteen national associations to
send delegates to a conference of the building in-
dustry held at The Octagon in Washington. Sep-
tember 23 and 24. We did not propose creating a
super-organization of the building industry. We
hoped that all elements concerned in building de-
sign and construction would agree to participate
in periodic conferences at which the officers of
every national group will learn from every other
group what the organization is doing in its own
field, which is of value to the industry as a whole.
Some Chapters of the Institute have started to do
this in their own localities through local building
congresses. This kind of cooperative effort will
unquestionably help every element participating.
It helps most of all any group which takes the
leadership because of the value of its suggestions
and the progressive nature of its projects.

At a time like this we must be looking out for
those more sorely tried than we are. Among these
are the juniors, the younger men just entering the
profession. What of the thousand men who have
been graduated from the architectural schools in
the last two years, and thus thrown on an excep-
tionally unkind world? I hope that every Chapter
of the Institute will hold at least one meeting this
winter to which it invites every young architect it
can get hold of. If we do no more than make
these youngsters feel that there is a spirit of fel-
lowship between us (and incidentally we sit down
to dinner with them ) we will have cheered up a
lot of young men who need cheering up worse
than we do.

And then, there are the thousands of draftsmen
who are out of work. We will all have to take
hold again this winter and try to help take care
of some of these of our own group who are suffer-
ing most. Perhaps something is to be learned from
the report of the emergency employment plan for
architectural draftsmen carried on last winter by
the New York Chapter. While only a limited
number of men could be put to work in New York
(in the Small House Service Bureau) because of
limited funds, those in charge of that work are
convinced that it did more than employ the unem-
ployed and turn out a few house designs. The men
thus employed actually learned a lot about small
house design in the course of their work. And the
volunteers who guided the work and those who
gave the money were doubly rewarded. Probably

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4224-28 Hollis St. Phone OL ympic 6084

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HYLOPLATE BLACKBOARDS

Years of constant usage in schools

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SCHOOL SUPPLIES : SCHOOL EQUIPMENT

AUDITORIUM SEATING : OFFICE EQUIPMENT

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Los Angeles. Cai.

The Architect and Engineer, January, 1932

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Established 1843

RUGS : CARPETS

LINOLEUMS

FURNITURE

DRAPERIES
WINDOW SHADES

Estimates Gladly Submitted

216-228 SUTTER STREET. SAN FRANCISCO
Phone: GArfield 2827

there are other communities which can adopt some
such scheme if they find themselves up against
the same serious situation.

These are the larger problems of the winter as
I see them. But there are matters of current tech-
nical interest which we can use to keep our mem-
bers interested in meetings in this period when they
have time to study such problems. At the New
England Regional Conference in July the archi-
tects visited the many important new buildings in
the neighborhood of Hartford and New Haven
and then held an "architectural clinic" on these
buildings behind closed doors; for members only!
It developed into the most exhilarating lot of crit-
icism of architectural design that has been heard
for many a moon. Why should not architects
frankly discuss designs of current buildings be-
tween themselves, not as questions of personal
taste but as logical analyses? The Boston Chap-
ter reports that it is to hold a series of "architec-
tural clinics" this winter on other kinds of topics.
One of them I know is to be on the subject of
leaky walls. I would like to hear that myself. I
need it. And then there is no reason why. just
because we are hard up, we need to forget aes-
theics entirely. Every Chapter could have a won-
derful time with evenings devoted to a discussion
of modernism in architecture, and to the logical
uses of the new materials and methods that are
available.

LOW BUILDING COSTS NOW

Money now being collected for general relief
could do double service if applied to needed con-
struction, it is declared by the Construction Leo-
gue of the United States, recently organized to
co-ordinate and to stabilize the national building
industry under the headship of Robert D. Kohn
of New York, president of the American Institute
of Architects. There can be no economic recovery
while construction remains at its present low ebb.
it is asserted.

National, state, county, and municipal bond is-
sues are urged to speed construction, to "relieve"
relief agencies, and to guard against making pub-
lic charges of the unemployed.

The statement of the League, composed of
leading organizations devoted to construction, in-
cluding architects, engineers, contractors, sub-con-
tractors, labor, and producers of materials, is
issued by a public information committee of which
Horace W. Peaslee of Washington, a represen-
tative of the American Institute of Architects, is
chairman. It follows:

"With due allowance for the confusing inter-
locking wheels of business, the Construction Lea-
gue feels justified in sustaining the conclusion
reached by many others that there can be no gen-

Thc Architect and Engineer. January, 1932

eral improvement in economic conditions so long
as construction work lags throughout the country.

"At the present time, sixty per cent of the
skilled workmen and laborers of the country are
idle. This represents one of the country's largest
earning and buying groups, who are not only now
deprived of buying power but, unless conditions
change, may become public or semi-public charges,
further depressing the depression.

"This statement is not advanced with prime
regard to the interest of the construction industry.
The League, in fact, is merely supporting many
independent expressions of like opinion. But it is
important to point out how some of the money
now collected for general relief could do double
service, if applied to needed construction.

"The League realizes that immediate and gen-
erous relief is necessary this winter, but such relief
produces no economic return. The League places
itself on record as emphatically opposed to Gov-
ernment doles, total economic losses which provide
no economic returns and involve far-reaching ef-
fects on the morale of the citizenship and on prob-
lems of government. Every man should be af-
forded an opportunity to earn his living. Where
relief funds are distributed in return for labor and
materials, buying power can be restored and
tangible results obtained, all of which will tend to
bring back better economic conditions.

"For these reasons, the Construction League
calls attention to the present low cost levels of
construction, with the advantage to public and
private interests of proceeding at once with con-
struction work of all kinds — highways, utilities,
building programs, as well as home building, mod-
ernization and furnishing. Here arises, however,
the factor of financing, on which certain groups
are already working, and from them definite
recommendations and assistance must be forth-
coming.

"As a major element in this movement, the Con-
struction League urges that wherever possible in-
stitutional, municipal, county, state and national
bonds be issued, for needed construction works of
all kinds. The present low level of construction
costs, to a large extent, offsets the costs of imme-
diate financing. Such steps have already been
taken in several instances, of which one or two
notable examples may be specially cited.

"Kansas City, by a $38,000,000 bond issue, has
largely relieved the present situation of unem-
ployment, and is also stabilizing its business con-
ditions for the immediate future. In Indiana, a
remodeling and modernization program, known as
the Muncie Plan and sponsored by the Indiana
Building Congress, has been so effective that one
trade is reported to have urged that further ef-
forts be suspended, as it is overloaded with work.

KITCHEN EQUIPMENT

for

Hotels, Apartments, Club
Buildings and Restaurants

Dohrmann Hotel Supply Co.

972 Mission Street, San Francisco, California
Phone GArfield 5600

13th and Clay Streets, Oakland, California
Phone HOIliday 7560

OIL BURNERS

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Recent Contracts Completed —

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923 FOLSOM STREET SAN FRANCISCO

Telephone SUtter 3440

UNIT VENTILATORS

Used for heating and ventilating
offices, schoolrooms, etc. Consists
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Advantages — independent operation for every room —

elimination of ducts and fan room — high efficiency.

Casings are about the size of an ordinary radiator and are

finished like a piece of fine furniture.

The B. F. Sturtevant Company

Monadnock Building, San Francisco, California
Phone SUtter 5447

The Architect and Engineer, January, 1932

Gladding Bros.

Mfo. Co.

BURNED CLAY PRODUCTS

ROOF TILE

COMMON AND FACE BRICK

FLOOR TILE

VITRIFIED SEWER PIPE

DRAIN TILE

CHIMNEY PIPE

FLUE LINING

PLANT AND OFFICE:

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Ballard 7570 San Jose. Calif.

Have You a atalog

Kewanee

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637 Minna St., San Francisco, Calif.
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G. H. BROWN

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Oakland, California

Telephone FRuitvale 830? - 8306

O. Monaon H. E. Rahlmann

MONSON BROS.

BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION

475 SIXTH STREET

San Francisco

Telephone KEarny 0638

PACIFIC COAST FEDERAL
BUILDINGS

The following report on Fed-
eral building projects. Pacific
Coast States, has been made pub-
lic by the Supervising Architect.
Treasury Department, Washing-
ton, D. C:

Plans Being Prepared

Postoffice. Yuma, Arizona, to
cost $190,000. Roy Place. Tucson,
Arizona, architect.

Postoffice, Phoenix, Arizona,
$1,080,000. Lescher & Mahoney.
Phoenix, Arizona, architects.

Border Station, Douglas, Ari-
zona, $65,000.

Postoffice, Beverly Hills, Cali-
fornia, $300,000. Ralph Flewel-
ling, 450 N. Beverly Drive. Bev-
erly Hills, architect.

Postoffice. Calexico. $73,000.

Postoffice. El Centro, $140,000.

Postoffice, Glendale, California.
$455,000. Geo. M. Lindsey and
Erwood P. Eiden, 609 Union In-
surance Building. Los Angeles,
architect.

Postoffice, Marysville. Califor-
nia. $150,000. John J. Donovan,
1916 Broadway, Oakland, archi-
tect.

Postoffice, Merced, California,
$180,000. Allison & Allison, Cali-
fornia Reserve Building, Los An-
geles, architects.

Postoffice, Modesto, California,
$195,000.

Postoffice, Monterey, Califor-
nia. $180,000. William Otis Rai-
guel, Del Monte, architect.

Postoffice. Palo Alto, Califor-
nia, $210,000. Birge M. Clarke.

MARBLE

AMERICAN MARBLE
COMPANY

Office
1508 Hobart Bldg.

Phone
MA rket 6070

Factory

Swift Ave. and

Ferry Slip

Waterfront

South San Francisco

Phone

DA venport 1091

Golden Gate
Atlas Materials Company

BUILDING PRODUCTS

16th and Harrison Streets
SAN FRANCISCO
Phone HE mlock 7020

CHAS. STOCKHOLM
& SONS

Contractors

Russ Building, San Francisco
Phone DO uglas 4420

FELIX BUTTE

BUTTE ELEC.
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CONTRACTORS AND
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SAN FRANCISCO

The Architect and Engineer, Junuary, 1932

CAEN
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A REFINED, ELEGANT,
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A. KNOWLES

CONTRACTING
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982 BRYANT STREET
Phone: UNderhill 4048

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Recent Installations:
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BRYANT AT EIGHTEENTH STREET
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Phone HE mlock 0892

We Print

The ARCHITECT and

ENGINEER

"A Thing of Beauty
Is a joy Forever"

942 HOWARD STREET
SAN FRANCISCO

310 University Avenue, Palo Alto,
architect.

Postoffice, Petaluma, Califor-
nia, $165,000.

Postoffice and court house, San
Francisco, $750,000. George W.
Kelham, 315 Montgomery Street,
San Francisco, architect.

Postoffice, Napa, California,
$140,000. Reed S Corlett, Oak-
land Bank Building, architects.

Border station. San Ysidro,
$105,000.

Border station, Tecate, $59,500.

Postoffice, St. Johns, Oregon,
$60,000. Francis M. Stokes,
Chamber of Commerce Building,
Portland, Oregon, architect.

Postoffice, Bingham Canyon,
Utah, $75,000. Scott S Welch.
Salt Lake City, architects.

Postoffice, Cedar City, Utah.
$150,000. Carman & Fetzer, Salt
Lake City, Utah, architects.

Forest Service, Ogden, Utah,
$300,000. Hodgson S McClena-
han, Salt Lake City, Utah, archi-
tects.

Postoffice, Tooele, Utah, $75,-
000. Miles E. Miller, Salt Lake
City, Utah, architect.

Postoffice, Elko, Nevada, $140,-
000.

Postoffice, Ely, Nevada, $95,-
000.

Postoffice, Reno, Nevada, $565,-
000. Fred J. Delongchamps, Ga-
zette Building, Reno, architect.

Postoffice, W e i s e r, Idaho,
$110,000. Eastman Building,
Boise, Idaho, architect.

Postoffice, Billings, Montana,

ATTRACTIVE LIGHTING

■ ! 1 1

BAKER & PRUSSIA

4042 BROADWAY OAKLAND. CALIF.

HUmboldt 6931

WALKER-WILKESON
SANDSTONE

Sawed Stone - Building Stone
Rip Rap

The Nation's Finest Stone

HOYT M. LESHER
California Representative
557 Market St.. San Franci:
Telephone: SUtter 5328

Quarries at

Wilkeson. Wash.

Walker Cut Stone

Plant: Tacoma, Wash.

Complete

Kitchen Equipment

and

Dining Room Service

Kitchen Ranges Sinks

Dish Washers Silver

Coffee Urns Cutlery

Stands Hotel China

Steam Tables Hotel Glassware

Tile Contractors

Our Estimating Department Prepares
Plans and Specifications

Mangrum - Holbrook Company

Phone MA rket 2400
1235 Mission Street San Francisco

I^CTRJC HEaJ>

Built-in heater for bath rooms,

breakfast nooks, dens and small

bedrooms.

WEIR ELECTRIC APPLIANCE CQ

26th and Adeline Streets, Oakland

ASSOCIATE WHOLESALE ELEC. CO.
1159 S. Los Angeles St., Los Angeles

Ornamental iron,

Ariston Steel Windows*
Bronze, Aluminum*
Ariston Steel Buildings

Michel & Pfeffer
Iron Works, Inc.

IOiIi »V Harrison Sts.

San Franrisro
Tel. HE mlock .'Mllio

Grinnell Automatic
SPRINKLER

GRINNELL COMPANY

OF THE PACIFIC

ENGINEERS AND
CONTRACTORS

VALVES, PIPE and FITTINGS

CHEMICAL FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

and FIRE ENGINES

Fifth and Brannan Streets
San Francisco

The Architect and Engineer. January, 1932

105

Phone DOi.t-: 1120-1121

Larsen and Larsen

General Contractors

629 BRYANT STREET
SAN FRANCISCO

FORDERER
CORNICE WORKS

Copper Roofs

Galvanized Iron Work

Elevator Doors

269 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco
Phone HEmlock 4100

FRANK W.BERGMAN

Fine Decorating
Murals

293 Corbett Ave.
San Francisco

Studio: UNdcrhill 9032

Robert W. Hunt Company

ENGINEERS
Inspections - Tests - Consultation

Chicago - New York - Pittsburgh

All Large Cities
San Francisco, 251 Kearny Street

$240,000. Mclver 8 Cahagan, Bil-
lings, architects.

Border station, Rooseville. Mon-
tana. $61,000.

Postoffice. Chehalis. Washing-
ton. $150,000.

Postoffice. Longview, Washing-
ton. $210,000. Bebb. Gould 8
Graham, Seattle. Washington,
architects.

Postoffice. Redlands. California,
$170,000. G. Stanley Wilson.
Riverside, architect.

Postoffice, Marshfield. Oregon.
$140,000. Johnson 8 Walhvork.
Portland, architects.

Immigration station. Honolulu.
$415,000. Herbert C. Cayton.
Honolulu. T. H., architect.

Specifications Complete

Postoffice, Oroville, California,
$145,000. Fred H. Meyer. 525
Market Street, San Francisco,
architect.

Postoffice and court house. Sac-
ramento. California, $1,300,000.
Starks S Flanders, Forum Build-
ing. Sacramento, architects.

Postoffice, Bend. Oregon. $155.-
000.

Postoffice and court house, Po-
catello. Idaho, $220,000. Frank H.
Paradise, Jr., Pocatello. architect.

Sire Accepted

Postoffice. San Jose. California.
$455,000. Ralph Wyckoff, Grow-
ers Bank Building. San Jose,
architect.

Postoffice, Vallejo. California,
$200,000. Dean 8 Dean, Califor-
nia State Life Building. Sacra-
mento, architects.

Postoffice. Visalia. California.
$150,000. W. D. Coates, Jr., Co.,
Rowell Building. Fresno, archi-
tects.

Postoffice, Los Angeles, Cali-
fornia, $950,000. Austin & Ashley,
Chamber of Commerce Building,
architects.

Branch postoffice. Los Angeles.
California, $70,000.

Condemning Land

Federal Building, San Pedro,
California. $575,000.

Specify
Marshall & Stearns
Ad- A -Room Beds

Mechanical Excellence

Proven Quality

Dependable Comfort

PHELAN BLDG., SAN FRANCISCO
DOnglas 034$

14111 MADISON STREET, OAKLAND
Illgate 4320

CRAN E

High Class Plumbing
Fixtures

All Principal Coast Cities

THE TORMEY
COMPANY

GENERAL PAINTERS
AND DECORATORS

Phone WA lnut 3639

563 FULTON STREET
San Francisco

HATELEY &
HATELEY

PLUMBING
AND HEATING
CONTRACTORS

1710 TENTH STREET

Phone MAin 2478

SACRAMENTO. CALIFORNIA

The Architect and Engineer. January, 1932

Ocean Shore
Iron Works

550-558 EIGHTH STREET

MArket 0462 0463
San Francisco California

STEAM BOILERS
STEEL TANKS
SMOKE STACKS

• WATER •

• HEATERS •

LUXOR

WINDOW SHADES

Translucent Shading

of highest count

cambric

William Volker 8C Co.

631 Howard Street
San Francisco

CLERVI

MARBLE CO.

MANUFACTURING CONTRACTORS

Foreign and Domestic

Marbles

Interior & Exterior Buildings

Office &. Mill. 1721 San Bruno Ave.

Phone MI slion 6623
SAN FRANCISCO. CAL.

FEDERAL CONTRACTS

Changes in the government reg-
ulations for award of contracts to
other than the low bidders are
promulgated by the War Depart-
ment in a revision of Paragraph
719.1, "Contracts Requiring Ap-
proval," of General Orders No.
4 office of the chief of engineers.
1 930: which has been amended to
read as follows:

"When contracts require the
approval of higher authority, the
abstract of bids, accompanied by
one copy ( the original ) of each
bid received, will be forwarded,
with recommendation for action,
to such higher authority for ap-
proval antecedent to any action
thereon which obligates the Gov-
ernment.

"Before recommending award
to other than the lowest bidder,
the district engineer will advise
all lower bidders in writing of the
grounds on which recommenda-
tion for the rejection of their bids
is contemplated, and will further
advise them of the reasonable pe-
riod, usually not exceeding five
days, in which they may file with
him a written statement showing
cause why their bids should not
be rejected. Copies of such letters
to bidders, and originals of pro-
tests received, with the district en-
gineer's comments thereon, will
be forwarded with the abstract of
bids.

"When approval of award is
within the authority of the divi-
sion engineer, the latter will im-
mediately report his action there-
on, to the chief of engineers, with
a copy of the abstract of bids and
of the recommendation of the dis-
trict engineer. If award be made
to other than the lowest bidder,
copies of the district engineer's
letter of advice to lower bidders,
of protest received, and of the
district engineer's comments there-
on, will also accompany the re-
port."

OfepNK
BfcHlMXER©!

228 I3fh Seree*-
Phone .MArket 04

'3r

cabinet work
complete installations
Store- bank ©-office

EfXTURES
HARDWOOD »NTgr^ORS|§i

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Recent Contracts Completed

Library Building

Berkeley
Women's Club Building

Berkeley
City Hospital

Palo Alto
Masonic Home

Decoto

K. E. PARKER CO., INC.

135 South Park San Francisco

Phone KE arny 6640

Phone SUttor ltli

Hunter & Hudson

Consulting Engineers

DESIGNERS OF HEATING

VENTILATING AND WIRING

SYSTEMS, MECHANICAL

AND ELECTRICAL EQUIP-

MENT OF BUILDINGS

<oV9

41 SUTTER STREET

ROOM 718

San Francisco California

WEDGE NOTCH COLUMN CLAMPS

Rapidity, Economy !
and Efficiency

STEELFORMS

FOR

Concrete Construction

STEELFORM
CONTRACTING CO.

San Francisco Los Angeles
Portland Seattle

The Architect and Engineer, January, 1932

107

McNEAR BRICK

Beauty and
Permanence

McNear Brick Company

417 BERRY STREET

Phone MArket 2770 San Francisco

MacGruer & Co.

Contracting
Plasterers

Plain and Ornamental

266 Tehama Street, San Fr»nci«co
Pacific Mutual Building, Los Angeles

MULLEN MFG.
COMPANY

BANK, STORE AND OFFICE

FIXTURES— CABINET WORK

OF GUARANTEED QUALITY

CHURCH SEATING

Office and Factory:

64 RAUSCH St.. Bet. 7th and 8th St§.

San Francisco

Telephone HE mlock 2858

fenestra

STEEL
WINDOWS

For Every Type of Building

DETROIT STEEL PRODUCTS
COMPANY

Pacific Coast Factory: Oakland

Branches

San Francisco Los Angeles Seattle

Chicago

HOSPITAL

SILENT CALL
SIGNAL SYSTEMS

GARNETT YOUNG AND CO.

Pacific Coast Sales Engineers
390 FOURTH ST., SAN FRANCISCO
Seattle Los Angeles Portland

G. P. W. Jensen & Son

Building Construction

320 Market Street, San Francisco
Phone 2444

APEX

Blo-Air Fan Heaters

Portable and Wall Types

1320 watts to 4000 watts
Thermostat Control if Desired

Iilo-Air Heaters use a fan to circu-
late the air instead of depending upon
the slow process of gravity circulation.
Instant heat and a greater amount in
the lower living zone of the room, with
the same consumption. Fan can be
used without the heat for cooling.
Switches easily accessible at top. Can
be installed under windows.

There is a complete line of Apex Air
and Water Heaters.

APEX Manufacturing Company

Oakland, California

Distributors

SANDOVAL SALES CO.

.*>.*» 7 Market St., San Francisco

APEX SALES CO.
is:,:, Industrial St.. Los Angeles

Del Monte
WHITE SAND
Fan Shell - Beach

WASHED IN FRESH WATER

DRIED BY STEAM

CLEAN : BONE DRY

Del Monte Properties Company

Phone SUtter 6130
401 Crocker Building San Franiclco

CONCRETE TANKS and

BASEMENTS MADE

WATERPROOF

Wc Specialize in Difficult
Concrete Work

VILLADSEN BROS., INC.

Engineers and Contractors
417 Market Street San Francisco

GENERAL
ROOFING CO.

HARRY HENNINGS

Office and Warehouse:

BEACH AND HALLECK STS.

OAKLAND, CALIF.

Member Builders Exchange
Telephone OLympic 5208

I anelouvre

The Modern Ventilator

for

Hotels, Offices, Apartments

<Tk3

M. E. HAMMOND

Building Material Exhibit

557 Market St.

SU tter 533 3 San Francisco, Calif.

The Architect and Engineer. January. 1^32

PU8LK

THE

dR£HITE£T

AND

ENGINEER

FEBRUARY 1932

new

a s

tomorrow

Anticipating an ever-increasing demand for the new and the modern,
Otis has experimented with metals and alloys to develop unusual
design and color in elevator ornamentation. Many of these new de-
signs are now standard equipment. But to make the range of ele-
vator finishes still wider and leave the choice of ornamentation
entirely within the realm of the architect, Otis is also prepared to
execute any special design or finish that the architect may wish.
That is why many of the elevators which are being installed today
will not only give highly satisfactory service. They will also add ap-
preciably to the inside finish of the building itself.

OTIS

ELEVATO R COMPANY

OOQ OFFICMTMROUQH-
00\7 OUT THI WORLD

THERE are going to be
hundreds of people called "lucky"
in a year or so because they had
the foresight to buy or build a
home when a dollar was at the
height of its buying power, as it
is now. Other costs are down.
too, including furniture and things
that go into the making of a home.
Without resorting to actual fig-
ures, it is said that enough can be
saved in either buying or building
a home to completely furnish it.
This is on a basis of 1926 build-
ing costs At the first signs of re-
covery, house and apartment rent-
als will go up with the demand as
families now "doubling-up" seek
separate quarters. An editorial in
Stone says that this is an instance
of Opportunity that only too few
people will grasp.

AS we have remarked on several
occasions in these columns, competitions
are one of the bug bears of the profes-
sion. They seldom turn out satisfactorily
and are sure to be followed by com-
plaints from disgruntled competitors.
But notwithstanding their unpopularity
a great many architects and draftsmen
go into them hoping against hope that
they will win a prize. The A. I. A. has
done something to protect the entrant
since competitions held under Insti-
tute rules usually provide that each con-
testant shall receive something in return
for his efforts. Open competitions, where
there is but one award and that a com-
mission on the job if it should go ahead,
are not so numerous as they used to be.
But every now and then one crops up.
If we are to believe the newspapers such
a competition is about to be launched
in San Jose.

THE Santa Clara County Super-
visors have decided that the community
is badly in need of a new jail. It is to
replace a structure of Civil war vintage,
which has been condemned. Two new
buildings are needed for the jail group.

'Any architect," says the San Jose
Mercury, "who desires to may submit
plans for the two structures on or before
August 1. 1932." Here is a copy of the
Board's resolution on the subject and
as we have had one unpleasant exper-
ience announcing a competition, we are
not offering this as final or as official
information to readers. If the thing in-
terests you write to the Secretary of the
Board of Supervisors of Santa Clara
County, San Jose, for details. Here's
the resolution:

"That the building committee of this
board of supervisors select architects for
a new jail for Santa Clara county and
report the selection to this board.

THE THINKER
Back of the beating hammer

By which the steel is ivrought.
Back of the workshops' clamor

The seeker may find the thought
The thought that is ever master

Of iron and steam and steel.
That rises above disaster

And tramples it under its heel!

The drudge may fret and tinker.

Or labor with lusty blows.
But back of him stands the thinker.

The clear-eyed man who knows;
For into each plow or saber.

Each piece and part and whole.
Must go the brains of Labor

Which gives the work a soul!

Back of the motor's humming.

Back of the belts that sing,
Back of the hammer's drumming.

Back of the cranes that swing,
There is an eye which scans them.

Watching through stress and strain.
There is a mind which plans them —

Back of the brawn, the brain!

Might of the roaring boiler,

Force of the engine's thrust,
Strength of the sweating toiler,

Greatly in these we trust.
But back of them stands the schemer.
The thinker who drives things
through;
Back of the job — the dreamer.

Who's making the dream come true!
— By Breton Bralev
— in California Engineer

"All architects must be directed to
present the plans and specifications for
said jail to this board on or before Au-
gust 1, 1932, in order that said plans
may be approved and the question of
issuing bonds for constructing said jail
be submitted to the voters of this county
at the general election to be held in
November of this year.

"And it is further ordered that any
architect so selected will be paid for
said plans and specifications only in the
event that the plans and specifications
presented by him are adopted by the
board."

WE like the way Thomas S.
Holden of the F. W. Dodge Corpora-
tion sums up the depression from the
standpoint of the building industry. It
is a true reflection of our troubles. To
quote Mr. Holden:

"It is obvious that what the building
industry is waiting for is the solution,
sufficient, though not necessarily com-
plete, of the problems of depressed real
estate values, mortgage, foreclosures, and
available financing which have been so
much to the front in recent public dis-
cussions.

"In view of all these uncertainties the
building industry is obliged to proceed
at present like a man driving an automo-
bile in a fog. His headlights will show
him his road a few yards ahead; he can
keep to the road and he can make pro-

gress slowly; he knows the road is under
him and that some time the fog will
lift. At present it is impossible to know
when the fog will lift.

"To forecast a year ahead is impos-
sible. The best one can do at this time
is to assume that declining trends will
continue. If at the end of the first quar-
ter some of the fog has lifted, it may
be possible to see more clearly what is
ahead for the rest of the year."

A little old lady, stooped shoul-
dered, her gray hair falling gently
around her round black hat, sits unnot-
ticed in a crowded auditorium. Around
her are men and women, eager for the
concert arranged by their church for
this occasion.

In muffled voice they chat together,
waiting for the program to open. And
they do not notice that the little woman,
sitting alone and quietly, has a small
round disc of metal clamped to each ear.

At last the entertainers take their
places on the platform. A few words
of introduction and a male quartet breaks
into the melodious strains of song. They
are singing "The Holy City."

All eyes are fixed on the singers. And
no one sees the smile that breaks over
the face of the little woman as the notes
reach her deafened ears. "Oh, God, how
divine it is," she says to herself. "The
first music I have heard in sixteen years."

Such joy as this is being brought to
deafened men and women throughout
San Francisco through the efforts of the
San Francisco League for the Hard of
Hearing, working in conjunction with the
San Francisco Section, Council of Jew-
Women and City and County Federa-
tion of Women's Clubs, in an intensive
city-wide campaign to have scientific
hearing aides installed in all public gath-
ering places.

Already that campaign is bringing un-
told joy to scores of men and women
who have been shut out from the pleas-
ures of entertainment and the benefits
of educational programs through im-
paired hearing. In a number of theaters,
churches and other public places, these
aides have been installed.

But those behind this movement are
determined to continue their efforts until
facilities for the deafened have been pro-
vided in as many meeting places as pos-
sible. They are urging architects and
builders, designing churches, auditori-
ums, concert halls and the like to include
in their plans provisions for wiring and
equipping with hearing aide devices.

The committees make no specific rec-
ommendation as to the type of equipment
desirable, there being several splendid
systems on the market. But they do be-
lieve that architects should give thought
to the deafened during the designing
period as installations can be provided
more effectively and cheaper if done at
the time of construction.

Full information may be obtained at
the headquarters of the San Francisco
League for the Hard of Hearing at 1212
Market Street.

The Architect and Engineer. February. 1932

PARTIAL LIST OF

ARCHITECTS WHO

HAVE SPECIFIED

AND USED

STEELTEX

for SCHOOL BUILDINGS

ALABAMA

p W HoHcrhert L. H. McKibben

ARIZONA Fitzhugh A Byron

ARKANSAS

Hunter A Bovd J. Udell Baker

Has-ham A Wheeler A. P. Conlidge

Wittenberg & DeLoney
Wilt, Sieberi A Halscy
CALIFORNIA Cole A Brouchoud

Ralph Wyckoff E. Chas. Parke

Theo. Kislncr 4 Co.
H. A. Nelson DeWitt Mitcham

Floyd E. Brewster Wm. H. Week*
Geo. M. Lindsey Peler Ficker

Dae.s A Prarco Symmes A CullamOK
CONNECTICUT Haynes A Mason

Shreve 4 Lamb A Harmon
R. W. Foole F. J. Di«on

FLORIDA

Carey & Dowling W. D. Willis

GEORGIA Federal Government

IDAHO Scon & Welch

ILLINOIS Wainwright A Wilkins

Roben M. Hyde Mr. Skadden

Zimmerman. Saxc & Zimmerman

Thole A Legeinan

INDIANA

Edv

•end.

Buckley, Skidmoi
IOWA

C. R. Zalesky
KANSAS

Hriukinan A Hagan
Rulledge & Hertz
KENTUCKY
Elzncr A Anderson
C. E. Kimberlin
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
Arthur B. Heatoi
A. J. Klinkhart
MASSACHUSETTS
Diamond A Lord

ight A Wilkin
i Weaking A Son

A Wainwright

Bciij. F. Sadler
Smith A English
Chas. W. Shaver
Ralph Scamell
C. Tandy Smith
n Brinton Davis

Lester Daily
Hunter A Boyd
Price A Walton
Clyde A Nelson Friz
R. Holt Hltchins
W. H. Harris
Haynes A Mass
J. P. Hcticrman
Harold Field Kellogg
MICHIGAN Benjamin Bagozzi

Waller Wyelh Stratlon A Hyde

Malcolmson, Higginbolham A Trout
Warren S. Holmes Co.
MISSISSIPPI

Vinson B. Smith, Jr. P. J. Krouse

MISSOURI Dan R. Sanlord

l.udwig Abt Holner Baum A Froese
NEBRASKA
NEW JERSEY
Arthur Kamhur

LOUII II. Weeks

Laienser, Bastow A Way

Howard Chamberlin

OHIO Bagg A Newkirk

s II Shiveley A Son Geo. Rheinfrank

Britsch A Munger DeVoss A Donaldson

Langdon, Hohly A Gram

A. J. Love

Federal Government

W. E. Middill

Howard R. Perrin

Davis A Wils.
Alexander Mercha

OKLAHOMA

L. R. Carr

Albert Ross

OREGON

PENNSYLVANIA

Press Duwlcr

S hull A Richardson

I, llu

Schci

A. A. Weidn

Thos. Ilcndryx I. M. Beall A Sou
Russell G. Howard J. C. Brentoti

W. G. Eckles A Co. J. G. Earl

Meiers A Johnson Chas. H. Sorber

J. II. Phillips II. Ernest Clark

Ruhc A Laugc Simon A Simon

Schwab, Palnigreen A Merrick
Geo. II. Rowland James I Siren

Ihus. Pringle R. V. Patterson

Einil R. Johnson Ed. Phillips

W. Holmes Ciosby Brenot A Hicks

SOUTH CAROLINA C. C. Wilson

TENNESSEE Daugheity A Gardner

TEXAS Albaugh A Steinbomer

vey P.
Haynes A Mas.
Waller Wye

r A Ha
VERMONT
RICHMOND, VA.
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA

K. C. Holmboe A. L. Shrum Co.

H. Jimison Frompton A Bowers

Brown A Plate Wysong A Bengston

L. A. A Leonard Riley
WISCONSIN

K. J. Krause Wm. J. Raueber

Van Ryn A De Gelleke G. A. Wiley

Schmitl, Gardner A Eriluon
VANCOUVER. B. C.

BUILD WALLS, CEILINGS, FLOORS AND ROOFS WITH

opper-hf,

plaster
of, Ril

applied against the fibr

STEELTEX Lath,
'. voire network becoi

Ribbed STEELTEX Lath for plaster and
STEELTEX Channels farm a Practical and
modern method of constructing school partitions.

STEELTEX

HUNDREDS of school buildings through-
out the country have used STEELTEX.
For walls, ceilings, suspended ceilings, and
partitions, Ribbed STEELTEX Lath is widely
used as a plaster base and reinforcement . . .
is rapidly applied and plastered . . . material
and labor application costs are lowered. The
result is a first-class plastering job which is effectively
insulated against heat and cold flow ... is fire resistive
(carries the Underwriter? 1 hour fire rating) . . . has
acoustical properties, high sound resistance . . . elimi-
nates lath, joint or stud marks from showing on the
finished plaster . . . prevents falling plaster, and mini-
mizes the tendency of any occurrence of plaster cracks.
* * * *
Light-weight, reinforced concrete floors and roofs
for schools provide permanence, fire-safety and rigidity
of construction. STEELTEX Floor Lath, a combined
reinforcement and form, is an engineered product de-
signed for this class of construction.

By virtue of its component units, STEELTEX Floor
Lath provides a water-resisting backing plus a com-
plete network of electrically-welded steel wire mesh
for reinforcement.

Write for literature about Ribbed STEELTEX Lath
for interior plaster, and for the book "STEELTEX
Floor Lath for Concrete and Gypsum Floors and Roof
Slabs." All construction details are fully explained.

NATIONAL STEEL FABRIC COMPANY

Union Trust Building ( WBgakaBi ul Pittsburgh, Pp.U.S.A.

Ribbed STEELTEX Lath /or plast,
for sellout tellings, either nailed to wood joists
or wire-tied to steel joists or suspended

sit I It I \ Float Lath
the joists. The illustration
STEELTEX I loot Lath in
ttretch <»f 212'.

The Architect and Engineer, February, 1932

J directly
Floor Lath. Tlic oalv
is automatically embedded
< rete is pou

STEELTEX

nforeing mesh

% "

VOLUME 108
NUMBER 2

THE

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER

FEBRUARY
1932

FREDERICK W. JONES, Editor
EDGAR N. KIERULFF, Ass'l. Editor

Contributini Editors

CLARENCE R. WARD, San Francisco

CARLETON MONROE WINSLOW,
Los Angeles

HAROLD W. DOTY, Portland, Ore.

CHAS. H. ALDEN, Seattle, Wash.

his tissue

Cover Design: EDMOXD MEANY HOTEL, Seattle, Washington
By R. C. Reamer

Frontispiece: EDMOXD MEAXY HOTEL, Seattle, Washington

17 . . . EDMOXD MEANY HOTEL, Seattle, Washington. Six views and one plan
R. C. Reamer, Architect

25 . . . OUR LADY OF LOURDES CHURCH, Los Angeles. Two views and one plan
L. G. Scherer, Architect

29 . . . CALIFORNIA STATE BUILDINGS at Berkeley and Santa Barbara. Seven
views, plot and floor plans. George B. McDougall. State Architect

39 . . . OFFICE BUILDING FOR COAST COUNTIES GAS AND ELECTRIC
COMPANY, Watsonville. Five views and plan. Alliert F. Roller, Architect

43 . . . FINDINGS OF PRESIDEXT HOOVER'S COXFEREXCE ON HOME
BUILDING. Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur

SMALL CALIFORNIA HOUSE. Three
Architect

and plan. Edwin L. Snyder,

GETTIXG THE MOST FROM ACOUSTICS. Vent 0. Knudsen

BRICK OFFICE BUILDING at San Jose. Three views

GROWIXG USE OF REIXFORCED BRICKWORK

SAX FRAXCISCO BAY BRIDGE TOWERS. Higher than Russ Building

THE ARCHITECT'S VIEW POIXT
Charles H. Alden, F.A.I. A.

ext

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Architects

THE FOX-ARL1XGTOX THEATER. Santa Barbara. Ed-wards and Plunked t,

Architects

THE FOX THEATER, Spokane, Washington. R. C. Reamer, Architect

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VIEW FROM SOUTHEAST, EDMOND MEANY HOTEL.
SEATTLE. WASHINGTON
R. C. REAMER, ARCHITECT

PUBLIC LIBRARY

THE

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER

FEBRUARY 1932
VOLUME 108
NUMBER TWO

THE EDMOND MEANY HOTEL AT
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON

<T.

HE growth, in the
northeast quarter of Seattle and several
miles removed from the business center of
the city, of the University of Washington
with an attendance now numbering about
7,500 students, the development of a con-
siderable shopping district adjoining the
University campus,
together with the
normal needs and
requirements of
this portion of the
city, has led to the
construction of the
Edmond Meany
Hotel which began
operations on No-
vember 11, 1931.

The building is
located at the cor-
ner of East 45th
Street and Brook-
lyn Avenue. It is
1 15'xl 19' in plan
at the base, from
which rises a tower
80'x83' in overall
dimensions. The
total height is 18

R. C. REAMER,

Architect

stories or 188 feet from lowest floor at
street grade to penthouse roof. Except for
two steel columns and a connecting girder
in the first story, it is of reinforced con-
crete frame and exterior throughout.

That usual and customary problem
which confronts the architect: to provide a
considerable amount of space and equip-
ment with a limited amount of money was
not absent in this
case; indeed, the
necessities were
perhaps somewhat
more urgent than
usual. However
that maybe, the so-
lution of the prob-
lem which was ar-
rived at has been
quite satisfactory
to all concerned,
and the completed
building, as the ac-
companying views
indicate, possesses
dignity, interest
and character.

The plan of the
tower is deserving
of consideration,
since its arrange-

PLAN OF TOWER. EDMOND MEANY HOTEL,
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
R. C. Reamer, Architect

^ 17 ►

OUTLINE SPECIFICATIONS

Edmond Meany Hotel

Seattle, Wash.

Exterior:

Walls arc of exposed concrete; paneled in the
lower two stories, fluted in the tower. The whole
building is given a light grayish-tan color with
two paint coats on the tower and three on the
base. The tower spandrels are of concrete with
smooth, plane surfaces of the same color as the
walls. Fixed steel sash opening for cleaning only
are used; sash is finished with aluminum paint.

Interior:

All walls are smooth plaster. Except in the
public rooms and stairs, the floors are of con-
crete, carpeted; wood is used in the ballroom:
terrazzo is used in the lounge and in the halls
and stairs of the lower stories. Trim is mahog-
any in the public rooms: elsewhere, fir. A vac-
uum system of steam heating is employed. The
ventilating system is a controlled one.

Cost and Construction:

Except for one steel girder and two steel col-
umns, the building is entirely of reinforced con-
crete. Floors are of the long span one-way slab
type; walls are of reinforced concrete. Total
cost $600,000. Cubical contents— 1,300.000 c. f.

CONSTRUCTION VIEW. EDMOND
MEANY HOTEL. SEATTLE
R. C. Reamer, Architect

ments and dispositions of space worked out
very happily. It will be observed that cor-
ridors, stairs, elevators, etc.. are almost
wholly confined to the central interior por-
tion of the area, leaving the exterior en-
tirely free for revenue-producing uses. The
amount of space required for corridors is a
minimum. The larger corner windows are
particularly pleasing both for the breadth
of sweeping views which they afford and
for the effect of increased spaciousness
they create in the rooms; part of the wide
outside seems to be brought in and merged
with the interior.

The use of concrete for the exterior con-
formed naturally with its application in the
interior frame. The paneling in the lower
walls was obtained by the use of wooden
forms especially built for the purpose; the
fluting of the tower was obtained with
metal-lined wooden panels, one story in
height, made up in sections, which were
released and repeated for the full height
of the tower. The simple ornaments on the
terminal parapets exemplify in their easily
obtained relief a characteristic concrete
form which is susceptible of great architec-
tural development.

The exterior walls are 12 inches thick
and are reinforced on both inner and outer
faces with the reinforcement so tied and
connected together as to comply with build-
ing code requirements for reinforced con-
crete columns. It was thus possible to
maintain the walls of constant thickness
throughout the height of the tower despite
the fact that they act in conjunction with
the wall columns as structural sections car-
rying all tributary floor loads. Inasmuch as
the length of these wall sections is short —
18 feet to 20 feet — there appeared to be no
possibility of shrinkage cracks developing;
consequently the interior plaster was ap-
plied directly and without furring to the
concrete, over an asphaltic coating sprayed
on with a pneumatic gun. The possibility
of condensation upon these inner plastered
surfaces was considered, but with the heat-
ing and ventilating equipment provided
there appeared no likelihood of its occur-
rence; moreover it was ascertained that in

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 18 ►

FEBRUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

another Seattle apartment five years old
with concrete walls of the same thickness
and to which likewise the plaster had been
directly applied, no trouble of any kind had
developed. One must recognize that with
concrete anticipations are not always real-
ized with the same facilitv that advertise-

uniform when the forms were removed.
Very little patching was necessary.

The window spandrel and the first story
wall forms on the street fronts were lined
with fiber board and the narrow fluting on
the spandrels was obtained bv vertical
strips placed on the fiber board. The struc-

ments are written; nevertheless one must
also recognize that many of the shortcom-
ings blamed upon concrete are not inherent
in the material but are inherent in inade-
quate supervision and careless workman-
ship. In pouring the walls of this building
the contractors employed a full force of
rodders, each man being assigned a definite
section for which he was made personally
responsible. The importance of his work
was explained to him as was also the fur-
ther fact that continued employment de-
pended upon his concrete being dense and

BROOKLYN AVENUE FACADE, EDMOND MEANY
HOTEL, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
R. C. Reamer, Architect

tural adaptability of concrete is well illus-
trated in these spandrels.

The metal sash are finished with an
aluminum paint and are in harmonious con-
trast with the light grayish-tan of the
building, which color was obtained with
two paint coats on the tower and three on
the base. Following the application of the
second coat to the base and before it had
dried, a fine sand was dusted onto the sur-
face. This was covered by the third coat. A

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 19 ►

FEBRUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

very slight difference of color and of tex-
ture between base and tower is thus ef-
fected.

It usually happens that upon the comple-
tion of a building the architect's work is
ended and the interior decorating is placed
in other hands. In this case however the
architect continued in close contact with
affairs until the hotel was put in operation,
and it was possible to work out interiors
which are characterized by simplicity of
form and the predominance of plane sur-

faces, by the very limited amount of molded
ornament used, and by reliance almost en-
tirely upon color, in contrasting tone or in
patterned design, for the achievement of
effects of warmth and comfort.

The building was constructed by Teufel
and Carlson, contractors. The total cost in
round figures was $600,000. This is for
everything except furnishings and kitchen
equipment. The cubical contents are 1 ,300,-
000 cubic feet.

ARCHITECTS PERSPECTIVE. EDMOND MEANY HOTEL.
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
R. C. Reamer. Architect

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

<*■■'►

FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

Photo by Morgan

VIEW FROM NORTHEAST, EDMOND MEANY HOTEL
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
R. C. REAMER, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

<4 21 ►

FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

Photo by Mo-gan

THE TOWER (A STUDY IN VERTICAL LINES)
EDMOND MEANY HOTEL, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
R. C. REAMER, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

^ 23 ►

FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

OUR LADY OF LOURDES CHURCH,
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
L. G. SCHERER, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

^ 25 ►

FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

DETAIL AND PLAN, OUR LADY OF LOURDES CHURCH,
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
L. G. SCHERER, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

■^ 27 ► FEBRUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

MEDITERRANEAN ARCHITECTURE IN
BERKELEY STATE BUILDING

WO buildings of
outstanding interest in architectural design
recently have been completed by the De-
partment of Public Works, State of Cali-
fornia. The plans were prepared by the
Division of Architecture, George B. Mc-

TOWER, CALIFORNIA SCHOOL FOR

BLIND, BERKELEY

George B. McDougall, State Architect

FREDERICK HAMILTON

Dougall, State Architect. It is encourag-
ing to note the trend of our State architects
to improve upon the architecture of State
institutional buildings, adopting a style
that is in keeping with climatic conditions
and natural environment.

The plot plan of the State Institution for
the Deaf and Blind at Berkeley, shows how
well the Department has studied present
and future needs of this growing school.
Eventually all of the old buildings will be
replaced with structures that harmonize
with one another.

The study building, which is illustrated
here, is done in the Mediterranean or early
California style, with cement walls stuc-
coed white and red tile roof. The Berkeley
institution is not an asylum, home or hospi-
tal, but is for the mental development of
blind children exclusively. Children are
eligible, provided their homes are in the
State of California. They must be totally
blind or their vision so dim as to prevent
them from being taught in the public
schools.

The present facilities of this institution
comprise a girls' dormitory, erected in
1925; a boys' dormitory, erected in 1930;
a school building, erected in 1927 and
added to in 1931; employees' cottages built
in 1931; Superintendent's residence; power
plant; and miscellaneous structures. With
the completion of an additional unit, the
school will have reached its ultimate devel-
opment.

^29 ►

BOYS' DORMITORY AND DINING HALL,
CALIFORNIA SCHOOL FOR BLIND, BERKELEY
George B. McDougall, State Architect

CALIFORNIA SCHOOL FOR. BLIND

BERKELEY
PLOT PLAN

PLOT PLAN, CALIFORNIA SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND,

BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA

George B. McDougall, State Architect

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

M 30 ►

FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

The boys' dormitory has separate wings
for the younger and the older boys and
also houses, play rooms, study rooms and
the kitchen and dining hall. Access from
floor to floor is by means of ramps.

A girls' dormitory provides similar facil-
ities.

The study building has thirteen class
rooms, twelve music study rooms, a print-
ing shop, room for manual training, bas-
ket weaving, sewing and a library for
braille books. The administrative offices
and the assembly room, seating three hun-
dred, are also in this building.

Ebbett's Hall of Domestic Science is the
latest addition to the Santa Barbara State
Teachers College. It is built of reinforced
concrete, with concrete floors, tile parti-
tions, stucco exterior and cast stone orna-
mentations. This building houses home
economics laboratories, dining hall, faculty

DUPLEX COTTAGE FOR TEACHERS
AND ATTENDANTS, CALIFORNIA SCHOOL
FOR THE BLIND, BERKELEY
George B. McDougall, State Architect

dining room, children's dining room, kitch-
en, departmental administrative offices, and
a model bungalow, which is on the lower
floor. An interesting terrace over the din-
ing hall is used for dining and social func-
tions and commands a sweeping view of
the Pacific Ocean.

Plans for these buildings were prepared
by the State Divisions of Architecture.
George B. McDougall, State Architect,
with P. T. Poage in charge. W. K. Dan-
iels, Deputy Chief; C. H. Kromer in charge
of structural engineering; W. H. Rocking-
ham, Mechanical Engineer; Carlton Pier-
son, Specifications; H. W. DeHaven, Chief
Draftsman; G. N. Bergren, Superintendent
of Construction. The buildings illustrated
were designed by Alfred Eichler.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

<4 31 ►

FEBRUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

EBBETT HALL OF DOMESTIC SCIENCE. STATE
TEACHERS COLLEGE, SANTA BARBARA
George B. McDougall, State Architect

PLAN, MAIN FLOOR, EBBETT HALL OF
DOMESTIC SCIENCE, STATE TEACHERS
COLLEGE, SANTA BARBARA
George B. McDougall, State Architect

PATIO

F.V1037 1
DINNG- I j ,

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 32 ►

FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

Tile Roof by If. Clark & Son

CALIFORNIA SCHOOL FOR BLIND, BERKELEY
GEORGE B. McDOUGALL, STATE ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

M 33 ►

FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

DUPLEX COTTAGE FOR TEACHERS AND ATTENDANTS.
CALIFORNIA SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND, BERKELEY
GEORGE B. McDOUGALL, STATE ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 35 ►

FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

ENTRANCE, EBBETT HALL OF DOMESTIC SCIENCE,
STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE, SANTA BARBARA
GEORGE B. McDOUGALL, STATE ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER "^ 37 ^- FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

Photo by Moulin

ENTRANCE TO BUILDING FOR COAST COUNTIES GAS 6
ELECTRIC COMPANY. WATSONVILLE
ALBERT F. ROLLER, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER ^ 38 ^

FEBRUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

OFFICE BUILDING

Watsonville, California

fo,

COAST COUNTIES GAS & ELECTRIC COMPANY

Albert F. Roller, Architect

FIREPLACE, BUILDING FOR COAST COUNTIES
GAS & ELECTRIC COMPANY

Albert F. Roller. Architect

< 39 ►

Photo by Moulin

BUILDING FOR COAST COUNTIES GAS 6 ELECTRIC
COMPANY, WATSONVILLE, CALIFORNIA
Albert F. Roller, Architect

- TlOOlj ■ P'uM -

GROUND PLAN, BUILDING FOR

COAST COUNTIES GAS & ELECTRIC COMPANY, WATSONVILLE

Albert F. Roller, Architect

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

M 40 ►

FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

Photo liy Moulin

HE new office building of the Coast
Counties Gas and Electric Company
at Watsonville, California, has been de-
signed to reflect the trek of the Padres
through this wonderfully fertile and ro-
mantic Pajaro Valley. The Spanish motif
has been handled by Mr. Roller, the archi-
tect, with fine appreciation of the Latin
School. The low, rambling character of the
building gives it a feeling of friendly ap-
proach quite different from the usual com-
mercial structure. It admirably fulfills the
requirements of a public service corpora-
tion to whose offices most of the popula-
tion of Watsonville and its environs must
come at least once a month. In addition to
the business offices in this building are lo-
cated the sales' rooms for merchandise dis-
play.

The building is constructed of reinforced
concrete with exterior walls finished in a
Latin texture relieved by a buff sandstone
trim around the arches as a base for the
tower section. Hand made Barcelona roof-

BUILDING FOR COAST COUNTIES
GAS & ELECTRIC COMPANY,
WATSONVILLE, CALIFORNIA
Albert F. Roller, Architect

OUTLINE SPECIFICATIONS

The Problem —

The Spanish character of the building was de-
cided upon as being most appropriate and con-
sistent with the community's earlier history. The
nature of occupancy demanded an expensive
electrical installation for an unusually heavy
load. The ranges and other appliances dis-
played on the sales floor and in the model kitch-
ens are all connected and ready for demonstra-
tion. In addition, the building is completely flood
lighted. This fact increased the cost approxi-
mately .03c per cu, ft.

Exterior —

The walls are of concrete — plastered in a Latin
texture. The windows are metal throughout.
The stone trim and steps are buff sandstone from
the Stanford quarries. The roofs are Barcelona
tile heavily overlaid. The wrought iron work
is salt water rusted and left unpainted.

Interior —

The floors and bases are quarry tile throughout
laid irregularly. The walls are stucco on metal
lath and furring, Latin textured and glazed. The
concrete roof slabs, beams and trusses are ex-
posed and the rough surfaces produced with
sandblasted matched forms are acid stained and
heavily stenciled in bright colors. Toilet rooms
have tile floors and wainscots. The building is
heated by a gas fired warm air furnace with air
washer and fan.

Cost and Construction —

The building has reinforced concrete floors, walls
and roofs. A basement for the mechanical and
electrical equipment has been provided with a
membrane. Total cost exclusive of furnishings,
landscaping or roadways was .55c per cu. ft.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

^41 ►

FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

Photo by l/. uli

ing tile lends an effective touch to the
Mediterranean atmosphere.

The Spanish feeling is carried out
throughout the interior with exposed con-
crete beams and trusses stained and sten-
cilled in bright colors. The walls are
stuccoed, textured and glazed. Floors and
bases are a quarry tile laid in irregular
fashion.

One of the problems in designing the
building was to provide for an extensive
display on the sales' floor of modern kitch-
en and heating equipment. This necessi-

DISPLAY ROOM, COAST COUNTIES
GAS & ELECTRIC COMPANY.
WATSONVILLE, CALIFORNIA
Albert F. Roller, Architect

power and gas. The mechanical equip-
ment is located in a model furnace room
in the basement. The two main display
windows not only serve their purpose for
advertising but add to the general char-
acter and appearance of the structure,
tated special provision for both electrical
The building covers an area of 73'xlOO'
"L" shaped, and was completed at an ap-
proximate cost of $50,000. Wm. Radtke
of Gilroy was the general contractor.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

M 42 ►

FEBRUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

FINDINGS OF PRESIDENT HOOVERS
CONFERENCE ON HOME BUILDING

Dr. RAY LYMAN WILBUR

INCE our contem-
porary problems have so largely grown out
of lack of foresight and of proper regard
for the public interest, the necessity of
judicious and well-conceived planning of
cities and of their outlying areas through-
out the metropolitan region is indicated as
a first essential for the correction of old
evils and the prevention of new. Such plan-
ning involves a thorough understanding of
human needs and of the nature of the pub-
lic interests involved. It requires a knowl-
edge of trends in urban developments and
a vision of a city which will be a source of
inspiration and pride to its citizens as well
as an efficient center for interests of com-
mercial, industrial or civic nature. The lay-
out of streets, blocks, lots, utilities, transit
systems, parkways, playgrounds and cen-
ters for business, industry or civic affairs
should be conceived in such a way as to
render homes accessible to places of work
or recreation on the one hand while pro-
tecting them from the confusion and bustle
of industry and the dangers of through
traffic on the other. Careful attention to
planning and the layout of new subdivisions
will make possible the most desirable type
of setting and approach for each home and
will at the same time make reasonable the
charges for land, utilities and other services
which under haphazard development may
prove too heavy for the home owner of
modest means.

By zoning of new areas and the rezon-
ing where necessary of old, it is possible

to protect homes from undesirable neigh-
bors and land values from instability.
Areas for industry and commerce, as well
as for residence, should be carefully de-
lineated but in a way which will make
the neighborhood store accessible for serv-
ice but not a neighborhood nuisance.

The free standing dwelling can be pro-
tected from the invasion of the multi-fam-
ily dwelling or apartment house and the
charm and integrity of each neighborhood
unit may be preserved. Carefully drawn
provisions for set-back of homes and defi-
nite requirements of specific and adequate
reservations of land about each dwelling
may preserve a beauty in residential neigh-
borhoods which otherwise would be lost
under conditions of unwise and reckless
land subdivision.

The further construction of flimsy houses
of an uninteresting or even ugly design is
not necessary. Beauty is not a veneer to be
applied at added cost but lies rather in the
lines of a house, its proportions, the rela-
tions of its parts one to another and of the
whole to its setting. A one-room log cabin
may be a thing of beauty. Professional
pride and responsibility on the part of
architects and carefully drawn programs to
elicit by joint counsel the cooperation of
contractors and builders, the manufactur-
ers and distributors of material, the realtor
and subdivider, may produce a radical
change in the quality of the small home
that is the result of mass production, while
careful programs for the education of the
taste of the home buyer may create an in-
telligent demand for good design and

A 43 ►

workmanship on the part of the home
buyer. It is demonstrable that quality pays,
both by endearing the home to the family
and by the enchancement of property and
community values.

Through the use of proper materials and
processes and through mass production,
and stabilized, year-round construction,
better homes may be produced at less cost
than is at present paid for homes that rap-
idly deteriorate. The development of pride
in workmanship and of high standards on
the part of producers of materials and
builders of homes can bring good new
housing within the reach of a much larger
buying public than is at present served and
will at the same time serve all customers
better.

The stability and safety of the Nation
require the well-advised development of in-
dividuality owned homes. The first neces-
sity for the promotion of well-advised home
ownership is a system of home financing,
adequate in amount and operated in the
public interest so as to permit thrifty people
to secure for themselves such a home. It
should be possible for every thrifty and
honest family at the proper time not only to
own its home but also to secure disinter-
ested and competent advice on all matters
relating to such ownership. Home informa-
tion centers accessible to families in need of
such advice and wise in their counsel are
therefore desirable.

Any thrifty family in city or country
should be able to borrow money at a rea-
sonable rate of interest with a reasonably
long period of amortization under adequate
protection from unreasonable foreclosure.
The system for the financing of homes
should be so organized that the interests of
the home purchaser, the lender and the
general public will all be amply protected.
Some device for the better mobilization of
home financing credit and to rend it more
fluid, for the protection of lending institu-
tions in times of depression, and to further
facilitate sound home ownership at all
times, is clearly needed.

Since the majority of families are now
living in old houses far from convenient or
comfortable in their planning or equipment,

and far from modern in their sanitation, it
is necessary that such advice and skilled
service should be available as to make it
possible for each family to discover what
should be the next steps in the improve-
ment of its own home and the most efficient
ways of going about its repair or extensive
remodeling and modernizing. Since incomes
limit the amount that may be expended on
home improvement it should be borne in
mind that no excuse lies therein for inac-
tion. Landlords can be helped to see their
responsibility and can contribute greatly to
the quality of homes at relatively slight ex-
penditure. Home owners and tenants
whose incomes are small may still make
improvements by their own personal labor
during such moments as they may find free
for this type of work and bit by bit bring
about changes that rid the home, one by
one, of its inconveniences and sources of
irritation, and render it a wholesome and
attractive environment and a source of
family interest and pride.

Since public neglect and a variety of
other causes have produced blighted areas
and slums in our cities which have become
an economic liability and where conditions
of living have become a social menace, the
need is clearly indicated for measures
which go beyond the home dweller to the
community and which may involve com-
plete demolition in case reconditioning of
individual dwellings should not prove feasi-
ble. Unless this problem can be met by
private enterprise there should be public
participation at least to the extent of the
exercise of the power of eminent domain.
If the interest of business groups can not
be aroused to the point where they will
work out a satisfactory solution of the
problem through adequate measures for
equity financing and large scale operations,
a further exercise of some form of govern-
mental powers may be necessary in order
to prevent these slums from resulting in
serious detriment to the health and char-
acter of our citizens.

A basic evil in bad housing is land over-
crowding. One of the most fundamental
ways of reaching this problem is through
broad policies for the decentralization of

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 44 ►

FEBRUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

industry with provision for the re-housing
of industrial laborers' families in the new
industrial communities in individual private
dwellings. To accomplish this it is neces-
sary to distinguish among the many indus-
tries and businesses those for which such
re-location is most desirable and to see that
those factors which now block such decen-
tralization are brought properly under con-
trol. This may involve special study on the
freight rate structure and special measures
to eliminate the factors which now penalize
desirable movement of industry.

In view of the economies which should
be available to each dwelling unit in large
scale operations, needless obstructions in
the form of restrictive legislation, in appro-
priate taxation and difficulties in securing
adequate financial underwriting should re-
ceive such attention by business groups and
public agencies as will remove all needless
handicaps upon the provision of good hous-
ing through mass production for the lower
income groups. It should be wholly possi-
ble to do this in a manner which will pro-
tect all public interests involved and at the
same time release financial resources, busi-
ness acumen and social vision for housing
operations of a type and quality that will
attract sound, conservative investment into
this field in which the human needs are so
great. To this end the leading business
groups of our cities making use of the best
available advice and collective experience
can make a contribution vastly greater than
that which now characterizes business ef-
forts in the field of housing for the lower
income groups.

Existing practices in the assessment of
real property and in the levying of taxes
upon dwellings, especially those of the sin-
gle family house type, have resulted in such
heavy and inequitable burdens that home
ownership has been discouraged. The need
is apparent for methods of assessment
which will not penalize the small home
owner in comparison with the apartment
dweller or the business or industrial plant,
and for forms of taxation which will not
penalize or discourage improvement in
homes already built. A program based upon
thorough study of this subject is indicated

as desirable in the large majority of our
cities and states, as well as in rural dis-
tricts, and alternative methods of raising
public revenue should in each instance be
considered with reference to their relative
equity and their merit from the fiscal point
of view.

Furniture of good design and of sturdy,
durable construction can be made available
at prices not greater than are now paid for
the ugly and flimsy furniture at present so
widely sold. To solve the problem of mak-
ing good furniture accessible to families of
modest income there will be needed cooper-
ation on the part of the various profes-
sional, manufacturing and trade groups in-
volved. They have an opportunity out of
their professional knowledge, experience
and resources to make a contribution which
will have a marked effect upon the lives and
happiness of millions of families.

Similarly the professions and trades in-
volved in the landscape planning and plant-
ing of home yards and gardens and in the
provision of the accessories for children's
play have an opportunity through coopera-
tive study and action to bring charm in resi-
dential neighborhoods and the joys of out-
door living within the reach of all families
irrespective of their income.

Needless drudgery due to imperfect and
inadequate equipment or to serious lack of
equipment is found in the homes of millions
of rural families. Though richly endowed
in natural setting, the farm home may fail
to enjoy some or all of the facilities which
modern science and invention have brought
within the reach of urban populations.
Ignorance, imperfect trade organization,
low incomes and many other factors may
contribute individually or collectively to
this end. Systematic educational programs,
universal provision of home demonstration
services, general cooperation of civic lead-
ers in rural communities in better homes
demonstrations, increase of facilities for ex-
tension training and demonstration of
equipment and utilities appropriate to the
rural home and cooperation of trade organi-
zations and power companies and of public
departments, can be made rapidly to over-
come these deficiencies and bring conveni-

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

<4 « ►

FEBRUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

ence, comfort and safety within the reach
of ever-expanding circles of rural life.

Needless fatigue and waste motion and
restricted leisure are the result of haphaz-
ard or inappropriate planning and equip-
ment of the work centers of the home. The
cooperation of home economists, architects
and engineers is essential for more efficient
planning which may result in the elimina-
tion of needless burdens. Better organiza-
tion of household activities requires study
and help from competent centers of advice
and experimentation. The objectives of
home and family life must be considered at
every step in the process so that there will
be a maximum opportunity for the fulfill-
ment of interests and well-rounded devel-
opment of each member of the household.

The present laws are often hampering to
new types of construction. States and cities
profit little by one another s experience.
The effects of existing legislation and en-
forcement have been inadequately studied.

Greater uniformity, once adequate stand-
ards and objectives for legislation have
been devised, would be desirable with due
reference to local adaptations where neces-
sary. The factors which interfere with ef-
fective enforcement of well-framed legis-
lation need constant study which should
lead to constructive cooperation by the
public's representatives with the officials
charged with the enforcement of the law.
No law is self-enforcing, and it is only
through the exercise of the rights of citi-
zenship that the most desirable types of
administration can be achieved. Although
a large part of the problem of housing is to
be met by study and education, high mini-
mum standards can be achieved only by
legislation that is based upon scientific
study free from inequities and discrimina-
tion and administered with a view to elimi-
nating those evil factors in the home en-
vironment which may interfere in any way
with individual development.

SMALL CALIFORNIA HOUSE FIRST CHOICE
IN VOTE AT OAKLAND EXHIBIT

I First Publication of
Plan and Photographs of
The F. L. Confer Cottage

This small ranch house was awarded first
honors by public rote at the recent Small House
Exhibition held in Oakland. The owner of the
house is Mrs. F, L. Confer and the architect,
Edwin L. Snyder, of Berkeley. The house typi-
fies early California architecture. An English
brick house, also by Mr. Snyder, was tied for
second place as the public's choice with an Eng-
lish house by W. E. Schirmer, of Oakland.

■._ ir

PLAN. SMALL CALIFORNIA HOUSE FOR
MRS. F. L. CONFER, BERKELEY
Edwin N. Snyder, Architect

1H1 ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER ^ 46 ^ FEBRUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

SMALL CALIFORNIA HOUSE FOR
MRS. F. L. CONFER, BERKELEY
EDWIN L. SNYDER, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

^ 47 ►

FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

SMALL CALIFORNIA HOUSE FOR
MRS. F. L. CONFER. BERKELEY

EDWIN L. SNYDER, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER <^ 49 ^ FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

SMALL CALIFORNIA HOUSE FOR
MRS. F. L. CONFER, BERKELEY
EDWIN L. SNYDER, ARCHITECT

^ 51 ►

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER ^B 51 ^ FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

GETTING THE MOST FROM ACOUSTICS

VERN O. KNUDSEN,

Ph.D.

Architectural acoustics is beginning to
receive the attention it has long deserved.
The past ten years have been characterized
not only by a remarkable growth in the
scientific and technologic aspects of the
subject but also by success in the construe*
tion of buildings which have been designed
in accordance with the newer knowledge of
architectural acoustics. The outcome in
most of these buildings has been highly
satisfactory, while in a few others it has
been disappointing. This is typical of nearly
all new developments in technology; and it
is attributable in the main to an insufficient

knowledge of the subject, to an imprudent
choice of materials, and to an inadequate
supervision of construction. Failures in the
acoustics of buildings are becoming fewer
each year, and when the architect becomes
familiar with the technique of coping with
acoustical problems he need have no anx-
iety with regard to the outcome of the
acoustics of the buildings he designs — the
outcome can be determined quantitatively
in advance of construction, and it will be
possible to design and construct buildings
which will satisfy the most rigorous re-
quirements for good acoustics.

.NTIL recently, archi-
tectural acoustics was regarded almost
wholly as a problem of form, or of correct
proportions. During the past thirty years,
especially in this country, it has been re-
garded almost wholly as a problem of ma-
terials— especially of acoustical materials
which are endowed with the power of ab-
sorbing noise, reducing reverberation and
suppressing echoes. But if we are to get the
most and the best from acoustics — and we
should be content with no less — we have to
cope with a problem that involves both
form and materials, a problem that begins
with the first concepts of the building, that
continues through the planning and con-
struction, and that ends with the furnish-
ing and final testing of the building. Archi-
tectural acoustics has become an exact
science, and at present is passing through
an inevitable transition from the domain
of science to the domain of technology.
Unusual care must be exercised by the
architect during this transitional state. He

must do more than follow the traditions and
principles which he acquired ten or twenty
years ago in his formal education. He must
do more than specify certain acoustical ma-
terials for the ceilings or other portions of
the buildings he designs. He should not be
guided solely by the recommendations of
the manufacturer's "engineer," although it
must be acknowledged that these engineers
have contributed largely to the acoustical
success of many buildings, and their ser-
vices in many respects are indispensable
during the present phase of transition.

But it is highly probable that very soon
the architect, or his consulting engineer,
must assume the responsibility for acous-
tics. This responsibility, the writer believes,
will relate to the following: (1 ) the selec-
tion of the site; (2) the making of a noise
survey in the proximity of the proposed
site; (3) the selection of a general type of
wall and ceiling construction which ade-
quately will insulate the building against
the external noise and vibration; (4) the
selection and arrangement of rooms which
require acoustical designing; (5) the de-

^53 ►

sign of the rough sketches for all speech
and music rooms, based on the require-
ments for the proper distribution of sound;
( 6 ) the application of precise formulas and
principles to the detailed design of shape,
sound-insulation and sound-absorption for
all rooms which require acoustical design-
ing; (7) the selection of materials which
will satisfy the acoustical, structural, dec-
orative and economic requirements; (8)
the supervision of all aspects of construc-
tion which affect the outcome in acoustics,
and especially the making of tests on such
materials as acoustical plaster; and (9) the
testing of the completed building with re-
gard to the distribution of sound, the op-
tional conditions of reverberation and the
adequacy of sound-insulation.

It is beyond the scope of this paper to
give a detailed description of all of these
factors which concern the acoustics of
buildings', but a few of the most important
factors will be considered briefly in the fol-
lowing paragraphs.

The selection of the site for a building is
often made without the advice of the archi-
tect, but whenever the architect is consulted
he should take into account the desirability
of the site from the standpoint of the prob-
able amount of noise in the vicinity of the
site and the type of structure which will be
required to shut out this noise. For exam-
ple, in the selection of a site for a school
building, the proximity to the homes of the
students and transportation lines are of
course the most important considerations,
but it often happens that such considera-
tions alone will fix the location of the site
near the intersection of trolley lines, and
although such a site may prove to be a con-
venient one, it nearly always will be a very
noisy one. It would certainly be in the in-
terest of the function of the schoolroom to
locate the building sufficiently far from
transportation lines to insure a reasonable
degree of freedom from noise. Thus, if the
school building be located approximately
one block away from noisy traffic arteries,
it will still be in close proximity to transpor-
tation lines and at the same time will be far
enough away from the noise to insure the

■ i 1 k <>n Arcliiteclin.il Acoustics which

detail. John Wiley an. I Sons. Inc. (1932).

possibility of insulating against the outside
noise without resorting to prohibitively ex-
pensive structures for sound-insulation.
Many existing sites for school buildings
and other auditoriums are wholly un-
adapted for such buildings simply because
the required economy in construction can-
not provide insulation against the outside
noise.

The proposed site for every school build-
ing, theater, church, or for any auditorium
which is to be used for speech or music,
should be given a noise survey preliminary
to the designing of the building. Suitable
noise meters for making such surveys are
now manufactured by a number of con-
cerns, and a competent acoustical engineer
is qualified to make such a survey. Such a
survey should extend over a period of at
least twenty-four hours, and should include
measurements not only of noises in the im-
mediate vicinity of the site but also of
noises which may be anticipated in the fu-
ture. Such a noise survey will indicate the
extent of insulation which will be required
to protect the rooms in the building against
noise from outside. If the site is a quiet one
no extraordinary precautions will be neces-
sary in the design of the building. On the
other hand, if there is considerable noise
in the vicinity of the site, as is likely to be
the case in most urban communities, special
types of construction will be necessary to
provide an adequate amount of sound-
insulation. For example, if a noise survey
at a certain site should show that the noise
level is of the order of 60 db, and if a noise
level of 15 db is the limit of noise that can
be tolerated in the building, then it is neces-
sary to design the building in such a man-
ner as will provide an insulation against
outside noise of about 45 db.

It often happens that the problem of
sound-insulation will be greatly facilitated
by the proper arrangement of buildings on
the site, or the arrangement of rooms with-
in the building. For example, in the case of
a school site, the auditorium should be lo-
cated in a particularly quiet section of the
site. It should be set back at least 100 feet
from a quiet side street and at least 300
feet from a busy boulevard or trolley line.

Iltl. ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 54 ►

Fl HRUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

If the auditorium is a part of another build-
ing it should be thoroughly insulated from
surrounding corridors and adjacent rooms.
The athletic field and playground, the
gymnasium and the music room, should be
far removed from the auditorium. The loca-
tion of the different rooms within each
building often can be arranged in such a
manner as to avoid noise interference be-
tween different rooms. It would not be ad-
visable, for example, to have the music
room adjacent to the oral English room or
to have either of these rooms near the gym-
nasium. It is obvious therefore that careful
planning in regard to the location of the
buildings on the site, and the location of
the rooms within each building, will help
materially in the solution of the sound-
insulation problem.

The calculation of the required amount
of sound-insulation for rooms and build-
ings can be done by means of a simple for-
mula, namely,

Noise reduction factor = 10 log."? • • ( 1 )
where a represents the total absorption in
the room, which is obtained by adding the
products of the areas of the different
boundary materials in the room by the cor-
responding coefficients of sound-absorption
for these materials; and T represents the
total transmission of sound into the room,
and is obtained by adding the products of
the areas of the different boundary mate-
rials of the room by their corresponding co-
efficients of transmission for these mate-
rials." Eq. ( 1 ) will then give the total re-
duction of noise (in dicibels) provided by
the boundaries of the room and the ab-
sorptive material in the room.

During the early stages of the design
of a building it is necessary to determine
which rooms in the building will require
acoustical designing. In general, all speech
and music rooms, all public and private
offices, all rooms in which people gather or
work, and all rooms in which there are
noises which may be disturbing in other
rooms, should be studied with respect to
acoustics. There are indeed few, if any,
rooms in public, religious, educational, com-

2V. 0. Knudse
Jour. Acous. Soc,
room are given in

'Measurement and Calculation of Sound-Insulation,"
129-140, (July, 1930). Typical calculations for a
lis paper.

mercial and residential buildings which will
not be made better by proper acoustical
treatment. Each room, or each type of
room, should be studied individually, al-
though it may be possible to adopt uniform
types of structure and uniform acoustical
materials in all of the rooms in a building.
The requirements for acoustics should
figure prominently in determining the size
and shape of auditoriums. The size of the
auditorium should be kept as small as pos-
sible so as to favor an increase in the loud-
ness of the speech which reaches the audi-
tors. It is advisable to keep the volume of a
legitimate theater below about 200,000
cubic feet, and the volume of a school audi-
torium below about 400,000 cubic feet (and
even much smaller than this in the case of
auditoriums for elementary and junior high
schools). The average loudness of speech
in a large auditorium is at a critically low
level, and consequently any extension in
the size of the auditorium will involve a
sacrifice in the acoustical quality of the
auditorium. The ceiling and side walls of
an auditorium, and especially the ceiling
and wall surfaces near the stage, should be
designed to act as sounding boards to re-
flect and reinforce sound reaching the audi-
tors and especially those auditors in the
more remote parts of the auditorium. The
seats, especially on the main floor, should
be elevated in such a manner as will pro-
vide good audition lines as well as good
sight lines for all auditors. Openings under
the balcony should be high and the balcony
recesses should be shallow so that an ade-
quate amount of sound energy will reach
those auditors who are sitting in the rear
seats under the balcony. Concave surfaces
which produce focusing of sound in certain
parts of the auditorium should be avoided.
A fault which is common to many audito-
riums is attributable to a concave rear wall
which has a center of curvature on or near
the stage. In such cases there is nearly al-
ways a pronounced echo on the stage and
in some cases the auditors in the front part
of the orchestra are disturbed by this echo.
The rear wall should be plane rather than
concave, and should be broken by means
of doors, pilasters, or other irregularities in

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 55 ►

FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

shape which will break up regular reflec-
tions from this surface. The ceiling should
articulate with the walls by means of suit-
able coves. These coves should be designed
in such a manner as to prevent the reflec-
tion of sound back toward the stage, but to
direct the reflected sound to the rear seats.
After the required steps have been taken
to eliminate noise and to design an acousti-
cal shape for the auditorium, a most careful
study should be given to the problem of
reverberation. It is necessary to consider
the reverberation time not only at a fre-
quency of 512 cycles but also at lower and
higher frequencies. Calculations of rever-
beration should be made at 128, 512 and
2048 cycles. The curves shown in Fig. 1
give what the writer considers to be the
optimal reverberation characteristics for
rooms which are to be used for both speech
and music. If the room is to be used for
music only, the reverberation times should
be about ten to twenty per cent longer than
those given by the curves, and if the room

cycles. The reverberation times in the room
should be calculated by means of the for-
mula

l3V

loO,OM£«ft\ \^

Its Zft sit I0Z+ zo*g 10%

Fre^utncj- Cyc/eS fer Second

Fig. I — Optimal reverberation characteristics for rooms of
different size which are to be used for both speak-
ing and music.

is to be used for speech only, the reverbera-
tion times should be about ten per cent
lower than those indicated by the curves.
In order to obtain the proper reverberation
characteristic at all frequencies it is neces-
sary therefore to select materials which
have appropriate coefficients of sound-ab-
sorption at frequencies of say 128, 51 2 and
2048 cycles. In general, materials should
be selected which have their highest ab-
sorptivity for frequencies between about
512 and 1024 cycles, which are about one-
half as absorptive at 128 cycles as 512
cycles, and which are somewhat less ab-
half as absorptive at 128 cycles as 512

.05 V

t =

— S log a ( 1 — a)
where t represents the time of reverbera-
tion, V the volume of the room in cubic
feet, S the interior surface of the room in
square feet, and a the average coefficient
of sound-absorption of the materials which
form the inner boundaries of the room. The
absorptive materials should not be concen-
trated in one part of the auditorium, but
should be distributed in such a manner as
will make the reverberation uniform in all
directions and in all parts of the audito-
rium.

In selecting the acoustical materials for
the interior of a room a number of factors
must be considered, such as the following:
( 1 ) absorption coefficients at low, medium
and high frequencies, (2) appearance and
means of decoration and maintenance, ( 3 )
structural strength, (4) sound-insulation,
(5) heat-insulation, and (6) light reflec-
tion. Most of these desired characteristics
are incorporated in many of the acoustical
tiles which are now manufactured by well
known acoustical concerns. But in many
instances the architect wishes to use acous-
tical plaster and not all acoustical plasters
are satisfactory with respect to all of the
above-named factors. Consequently, the
selection and use of acoustical plaster must
be guided by a thorough knowledge of
properties of several types of plaster.

There are two outstanding character-
istics that acoustical plasters should pos-
sess: ( 1 ) the capacity to absorb sound and
(2) the power to stop sound.3 These two
characteristics are not closely related. In
fact, they probably are so diverse that it
will be impossible to develop both charac-
teristics in the same plaster. But the ca-
pacity to absorb sound certainly can be
built into plasters which may serve as the
finish coat, and the capacity to stop or in-
sulate sound probably can be built into
plasters which may serve as the scratch
and brown coats. In general, the scratch
and brown plaster should be dense and
somewhat yielding so that it will offer a

thi; aw iirn-.cr and engineer

^ 56 ►

FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

high mass reaction to sound and be free
from diaphram action. The finish coat
should be at least one-half inch thick,
should be very porous, and the pores
should be small and continuous. Already
plasters are available which will absorb at
least twenty times more sound than will
ordinary hard plastered walls. And at the
same time many of these plasters will meet
the other requirements specified above;
namely, they will withstand abrasion, they
have tensile strengths in excess of fifty
pounds per square foot, the light reflection
(depending upon the color) can be made
as high as sixty or seventy per cent, they
may be decorated or washed by standard
methods, and in fact will meet all of the
requirements for a permanent building ma-
terial— requirements which only a year ago
were thought to be impossible of fulfill-
ment.

The public, and some times the architect,
may have questions in their minds concern-
ing the value of acoustical materials in
rooms. They want to know just what dif-
ference it will make in a room. For one
thing, the proper use of acoustical materials
in an office or a work room will reduce the
intensity of the noise in that room about
eight or ten fold, whether the noise orig-
inates inside or outside of the room. Such a
reduction of noise will contribute bene-
ficially to the comfort and working effici-
ency of the room, and will place a premium
on the rental value of the room. The use of
these acoustical materials in a room will
reduce the reverberation so that one will
have no difficulty in hearing or in being
heard over the telephone; dictation will be
made easier and will be free from errors in
the recognition of the sounds of speech
which are so frequent and annoying in
reverberant rooms; and conversations or
conferences will proceed without the par-
ticipants failing to hear what is said. To be
more precise, if 1000 meaningless speech
syllables were called out in an ordinary
room treated with hard plastered walls and
ceiling, and with a hard surfaced floor, only
about 600 of the 1000 speech syllables
would be heard correctly. If the walls and
ceiling of this same room were treated with

suitable acoustical materials, about 940 of
the 1000 speech syllables would be heard
correctly. In other words the use of proper
acoustical materials in such a room will in-
crease the speech articulation from 60 to
94 per cent; and when it is realized that an
articulation of 75 per cent is necessary for
barely satisfactory hearing it will be recog-
nized that the absorptive materials have
performed almost an acoustical miracle.

The degree of absorption obtained from
an installation of acoustical plaster is de-
pendent, among other things, upon the
manner in which the plaster is applied. One
of the most essential requirements for pro-
viding a high degree of porosity is to apply
the acoustical plaster to an under coat
which is sufficiently dry and porous to fur-
nish a high degree of suction. The suction
furnished by the under coat will then draw
the excess of water from the acoustical
plaster, giving a high degree of porosity to
the finish coat. If suction is not provided
by the under coat, the binding material in
the plaster will form a non-porous film at
the exposed surface of the plaster which
will be ruinous to the absorptivity of the
plaster. The preparation of the under coat
for acoustical plaster should be directed
very carefully by the plastering foreman
and building superintendent, as it is one of
the most important factors in determining
the absorptivity of the finished acoustical
plaster. Suction must be provided by the
under coat.

There have been a number of failures in
the use of acoustical plaster, and nearly all
of these failures could have been avoided
if provision had been made for suitable
tests in connection with the selection and
application of the plaster. First of all, the
architect should be assured by the manu-
facturer or distributor that the plaster pos-
sesses the degree of absorptivity required
to give the optimal condition of reverbera-
tion in the proposed room or building. The
manufacturer should furnish the architect
with a report of a laboratory test which
gives the coefficients of sound-absorption
of the material as it is to be applied in the
building. The plastering contractor should
then make up small samples, about 16" x

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 57 ►

FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

24", using the material in precisely the
same manner as is proposed for use in the
building. These samples should then be
tested for porosity or absorptivity by the
architect or by an acoustical engineer. The
writer has devised and used for several
years a simple method for determining the
porosity of acoustical plaster. The method
consists simply of measuring the rate at
which air under pressure is forced through
the plaster, and comparing this rate with
the rate which has been determined pre-
viously for samples which have been tested
by more accurate methods in an acoustical
laboratory. An arrangement of apparatus
used for conducting these tests is shown in
Fig. 2, and with a little practice the tests
can be conducted by the plastering foreman
or the building superintendent. A five gal-
lon bottle and a bicycle pump, equipped
with a check valve from an inner tube of a
pneumatic tire, will suffice for the pressure
tank. An ordinary glass U-tube partially
filled with water, or any other suitable
pressure gauge, will serve to measure the
pressure of the air in the bottle. The air is
discharged through the plaster by means
of a rubber tube and a funnel. The funnel
is sealed to the plaster specimen by means
of putty, which also makes a seal against
a wood collar fitted around the large end
of the funnel. The porosity of the plaster
is determined by measuring the time re-
quired for the pressure in the tank to be
reduced a certain amount — say from
twenty inches of water down to one inch of
water — as measured by the pressure gauge.
With a two-inch funnel, and for most good
grades of acoustical plaster, it requires
about \]/2 to 5 seconds for the standard
amount of air to be forced through the
plaster. By making measurements of the
porosity of plaster with this device, both on
panels which have been tested in the lab-
oratory and on the plaster proposed for in-
stallation in a building, it is possible to
make a fairly reliable comparison of the
sample panels with the plaster which has
been tested previously in the laboratory.
The device shown in Fig. 2 is also useful
for testing the porosity of the plaster after
it is applied in a building, and especially for

testing the effects of different types of
floating or finishing, or the effects of differ-
ent types of decoration.

Where large amounts of acoustical plas-
ter are to be used in a building, and the out-
come in acoustics is very important, it is
advisable to require the plastering contrac-
tor to prepare a small room for test, using
the same type of plaster and the same man-
ner of application as is to be used in other
parts of the building. The plaster should be
applied to both the walls and ceiling of the
test room. This room can then be tested by

U-TUBE
MONOMETER

Fig. 2 — Arrangement of apparatus for determining the
porousity of acoustical plaster.

a suitable reverberation meter, which will
determine whether the acoustical plaster
will meet the specifications of absorptivity
required to give the optimal condition of
reverberation in the building. The plaster
in the test room can be tested also for
structural strength, washability and ap-
pearance. If the tests of the plaster in this
small room show that the plaster will be
suitable for use in the other rooms in the
building, the plastering work in the test
room will then serve as a standard which
the plastering contractor can be required to
duplicate in all other rooms in the building.
In some cases it may be advisable to re-
quire the plastering contractor to furnish a
guarantee that the finished plaster will have
coefficients of sound-absorption (within
plus or minus ten per cent) equal to the
coefficients of the plaster tested in the small
test room. In this case it is necessary to con-
duct sound-absorptive tests in the finished

THE MJCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 58 ►

FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

room to determine whether the plastering
contractor has fulfilled his guarantee. If an
installation of an acoustical plaster is safe-
guarded by proper supervision and tests, as
here outlined, there need be no anxiety with
regard to the outcome in the absorptivity of
the acoustical plaster. With such a pro-
cedure the architect will be in a position to
certify to the owner that the acoustical
plaster has the degree of absorptivity which
was called for in the specifications.

The use of acoustical plaster is expand-
ing at a rapid rate, and acoustical plasters
are being developed which meet the highest
requirements in the building code. As a
consequence, acoustical plaster is becoming
a more and more common medium in the
hands of the architect for the control of
sound in buildings. Standard brands of

acoustical plaster and standard methods of
application are being evolved, and it is
probable that within a few years there will
be standard and routine procedures for
specifying and supervising the use of
acoustical plasters. For the next few years,
however, it is necessary that the architect
safeguard this part of his work in every
possible way. It is not an extravagant pre-
diction to state that at least 50 per cent of
all plaster used in public buildings will ulti-
mately be acoustical plaster. By the use of
a suitable insulative plaster for the scratch
and brown coats, and an absorptive plaster
for the finish coat, hotels, apartment houses
and all public buildings can be made much
more habitable and comfortable than exist-
ing buildings which are finished with ordi-
nary plaster.

BRICK OFFERS ATTRACTIVE MATERIAL

FOR SMALL HOUSE DESIGN

Illustrations on Next Page

HEN Gladding Bros. Mfg. Company built
their clay products plant in San Jose they
asked Carl Wolfe and Wm. E. Higgins, architects,
to design an office building that would demonstrate
the possibilities of brick and clay tile for small
homes. The accompanying pictures of the build-
ing are convincing of how well these materials
fulfill the requirements.

The architectural motif is Spanish. The exter-
ior walls are a combination of common and
klinker brick while the interiors are of gas-fired
selected common brick. The floors are promenade
tile. The building is roofed with feudal shingle
tile (hand made). There are approximately five
rooms, including reception vestibule, general of-
fices, two private offices and a drafting room.
The ceiling in the main offices is beamed with
wave wood stained a grayish brown.

Recent tile roof contracts completed by Glad-
ding Bros. Mfg. Company are the Hoover School.
San Jose; Eagle Hill School, Redwood City; St.
Helena High School, St. Helena; grammar school
at Santa Clara; Porter and Cockroft residences,
Watsonville; and two houses in Gilroy. The com-
pany's roofing tile is specified on the new San
Jose Court House now under construction. Glad-
ding Bros. Mfg. Co. also report a demand for
clay sewer pipe, one of its largest contracts for
this material being the new sewer system for the
town of Gonzales.

Offices of Gladding Bros. Mfg. Company are:
President, Charles Gladding; Vice-President,
Augustus L. Gladding; Secretary and Treasurer,
Chandler Gladding; sales manager in charge of
architectural department. Lloyd W. Cole.

^ 59 ►

OFFICE BUILDING FOR GLADDING BROS.
Wolfe and Higgins. Architects

INTERIOR VIEW FROM
ENTRANCE LOBBY

MAIN OFFICE LOOKING TOWARD
ENTRANCE LOBBY

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

^60 ►

FEBRUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

ENGINEERING

and

CONSTRUCTION

featuring

Reinforced Brickwork and San Francisco Bay Bridge Towers

^61 ►

GROWING USE OF REINFORCED
BRICKWORK

URING recent years
many architects and engineers have in-
serted reinforcings in masonry to gain
tensile strength in the masonry without de-
stroying that certain amount of "give"
which has been ascribed as a characteristic
of masonry in successfully resisting dam-
age due to lateral forces. The accompany-
ing photograph shows a reinforced brick
retaining wall which was designed by
Paul E. Jeffers. Consulting Structural En-
gineer, Los Angeles. The contractors were
Lewis & Morton. The wall surrounds some
oil tanks and is designed with reinforced
brickwork foundation with toe, the entire
design following the design principles es-
tablished for reinforced concrete. The mor-
tar used was one part cement, one-half part
aged lime putty, four and one-half parts
clean graded sand by volume, machine
mixed. All joints were shoved full. The
work was done under a regular permit is-
sued by the Los Angeles Building Depart-
ment.

The following article appeared in the
September. 1931, issue of the Industrial
Bulletin and indicates the extent to which
reinforced brickwork is being developed:

A new combination of structural mate-
rials has recently been attracting the atten-
tion of American engineers and architects.
Until very recently, in this country, ma-
sonry walls of brick and stone have been
used almost entirely for direct load-bearing
purposes, and have not been relied upon to
resist tensile stresses where bending may
be encountered. Lately, however, it has
been pointed out that steel rods or bars may
be inserted into a brick and mortar wall to
form a reinforced structure capable of re-
sisting stresses of other than a direct com-

Editor's Note: — Reinforced brickwork is not
new in California. Witness the old Palace Hotel
in San Francisco which so gallantly withstood the
ravages of both earthquake and pre in 1906. This
building was a brick structure reinforced with
steel cables from the old Comstock Mines. This
old structure was a monument to what some engi-
neers choose to describe as "elastic rigidity."

pressive nature. Such construction is called
reinforced brickwork.

The idea of placing steel reinforcements
in brick walls is not new. A cantilever arch,
projecting 60 feet from a support and rein-
forced with flat hoop iron, was constructed
in England nearly a century ago. The
widest development of reinforced brick-
work appears to have taken place in India,
under the impetus of the scarcity and ex-
pense of other building materials and the
availability and comparative cheapness of
brick. It has been used successfully in that
country for floor and roof slabs, beams,
columns, and so forth, and is said to be a
standard method of construction in certain
areas. In the United States, clay prod-
ucts manufacturers' associations, technical
schools, and individual companies and en-
gineers have lately been constructing and
testing reinforced brickwork in a number
of structural forms in order that the prin-
ciples of design may be scientifically
worked out, the characteristics more fully
understood, and data secured upon which
standard practices may be based.

The reinforcement of brickwork is ef-
fected by embedding the reinforcing steel
in the mortar joints during construction. A
cement mortar is used. In walls and col-
umns the vertical steel may be set in place
and the brickwork built around it. The
steel may be placed in the normally occur-
ring joints between the courses of brick, or

< « ►

may be placed in such a position as to re-
quire the cutting or chipping of the brick,
since tests indicate that the strength is es-
sentially independent of the size and shape
of the bricks. In constructing floor and roof
slabs, beams, etc., temporary supporting
forms are used as for other types of rein-
forced masonry. The reinforcing may be
placed in the joints between the bricks of
the first course as they are laid up on the
form, or in thicker construction may be
placed on top of the first course. Steel
mesh is sometimes used in the latter case.

Tests on reinforced brick beams and
slabs are said to indicate that such con-
structions possess strength essentially
equivalent to reinforced concrete or like
structures. It has been found that test

beams and the like fail, not from the loosen-
ing of individual bricks and consequent
disintegration, but by cracking through in
the manner of reinforced concrete. Walls
of reinforced brick resist crumbling when
exposed to fire, and the shock resistance of
such combination structures may be of par-
ticular importance to localities where earth-
quakes are frequent. These walls also pre-
sent finished surfaces of pleasing appear-
ance.

Adequate cost data under practical
erecting conditions are not yet available.
Indications are, however, that the cost will
not exceed that of reinforced concrete; in
fact, due to possible economies, such as
elimination of certain form work, the cost
may be less.

SAN FRANCISCO BAY BRIDGE
TOWERS WILL BE HIGHER
THAN RUSS BUILDING

IER and tower struc-
tures costing $12,000,000 and rising 500
feet above the water line, will crown the
San Francisco-Oakland Bay bridge, if the
suspension type structure is approved.

Four towers, each one topping the Russ
Building, in San Francisco, almost 82 feet,
would be erected if the suspension type is
used, according to Charles H. Purcell,
chief engineer. Each tower would cost ap-
proximately $3,000,000, and would rest on
piers sinking from 100 to 220 feet below
water to bedrock. The towers would sup-
port, according to Purcell, cables, and at
the roadway level, the stiffening trusses
which are introduced to prevent excessive
movements of cables. For the particular
design for which the towers would be util-
ized, one would be placed at the end of
each 2340 foot span. The Russ Building,
tallest structure in the city, is 418' 3" high,
as against a 500' tower height.

[Concluded on Page 65]

DIAGRAM SHOWING COMPARATIVE HEIGHT
OF BAY BRIDGE SUSPENSION TOWERS AND
RUSS BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO

< 63 ►

GAS-FIRED HEATING PLANT IN
CROCKER OFFICE BUILDING

.HE Crocker First
National Bank Building, San Francisco, is
one of the first large office structures in San
Francisco to have natural gas fuel installed
in its heating plant. Architects and engi-
neers undoubtedly will be interested in a
description of this installation which has
many interesting features. Large commer-
cial heating applications of this nature
have been few in the San Francisco Bay
Region, except in the case of new struc-
tures.

The heating plant in the Crocker First
National Bank Building is composed of
two horizontal return tube Kiwanis brick
setting boilers, one of 100 and the other of
90 h.p. These boilers carry 90 lbs. steam
pressure, which is reduced to 5 lbs. for
heating the building. Until noon each day
during the heating season, both boilers
carry the load, operating at 45% more than
the rated load.

At the time of the installation of gas fuel
in this plant, a test covering a thirty-day
period was conducted in order to deter-
mine the cost of the new fuel for compari-
son with that of the previous oil fuel. Dur-
ing this 30-day period, natural gas con-
sumed amounted to $278.00; the cost of
fuel oil for the corresponding 30-day per-
iod in the previous year, 1930, amounted to
$329.00. This means that, by the use of
this fuel, the monthly fuel bill has been re-
duced $51.00, or slightly over 15%. And
this does not consider the economies that
will accrue from the operating advantages
of the boilers fired with gas.

A description of the burner system in
use in this plant will be of note. In the 90
h.p. boiler are sixteen Newman No. 24 Up-

BOILER ROOM IN CROCKER FIRST NATIONAL
BANK BUILDING. SAN FRANCISCO

shot burners, and twenty of the same burn-
ers in the 100 h.p. boiler. This is a vacuum
type burner, and constitutes a radical de-
parture from the Bunsen type. It fires from
underneath, directly on to the under front
of the boiler, thereby securing a long heat
travel which results in a higher boiler effi-
ciency than could be secured with straight
shot burners on the same job. The plant
operates under 1 lb. gas pressure, indicat-
ing that this type of burner works satis-
factorily under either high or low pressure
gas.

A Powers regulator serves as fuel con-
trol valve in this installation, maintaining
the steam pressure within Y? lb. This is
known as off and on control. The air intake

< 64 ►

is provided with louvres which automati-
cally open and close as the gas fuel is
turned off and on, thereby preventing all
cold air from entering the boiler when the
fire shuts off. This method of firing has
proven very economical and satisfactory.
As compared to a throttling control, it is
more efficient, because the damper setting
with a throttling control is for maximum
load which, as can be readily seen, results
in inefficiency under a throttled load.

The performance of this installation has
been highly gratifying to the owners and
engineers of the building. In the boiler
room, greatly increased cleanliness has
been a noticeable result of the change-
over, as the new fuel leaves no residue in
burning, and consequently, there is no soot
or smoke to be contended with.

Quiet operation is another resulting fac-
tor which has proven very agreeable. Gas
burners are constructed with a minimum of
mechanical parts, and while the greatest
advantage of this feature is the virtual
elimination of any possibility of mechanical
breakdown, quietness in the boiler room is
very much appreciated. A heating plant
burning gas fuel is practically noiseless in
operation.

SAN FRANCISCO BAY BRIDGE
TOWERS

[Concluded from Page 63]

Preliminary drawings of the various
types have been completed under the di-
rection of Chas. E. Andrew, bridge engi-
neer, and Glenn B. Woodruff, design engi-
neer.

Despite the great height of the massive
towers required for the suspension type,
they will have a flexible movement of 3 feet
at their tops, to accommodate shifting load
and wind conditions affecting the bridge.

Borings to bedrock in the bay are being
rapidly completed. Holes to determine
foundation strength for the tunnel link of
the bridge across Yerba Buena Island are
being bored, as are the foundation borings
for the San Francisco approach.

THEN AND NOW
By Russell Guerne DeLappe, Architect,
of Oakland, California
In the past that which was the rule has
now become the exception. The contractor,
once a master artisan, has become a broker
in labor and material. The architect, once a
master builder, has become a promoter's
wedge. The banker, once a medium in the
handling of exchange, has become an ex-
ploiter in the field of finance. The realtor,
once a developer of virgin territory, has be-
come a commission merchant in the manipu-
lations of properties. Legislatures, once
statesmen, have become showmen. The
status at inception is not the status at ap-
plication. . . .

DOHENY MEMORIAL LIBRARY
Completion of the exterior brick and stone work
of the new Edward L. Doheny, Jr. Memorial
Library, which is being erected and endowed at
the University of Southern California by the
family of "Ned" Doheny, former alumnus and
trustee, is announced by Samuel E. Lunden of
Los Angeles, and Cram and Ferguson of Boston,
associated architects of the million-dollar colleg-
iate edifice.

The main entrance feature of the Italian-Rom-
anesque structure, to be surmounted by a sculp-
tured tympanum of richly-carved stone bearing
the name inscription, is now started. Joseph Con-
radi, who executed the stone facade carvings of
St. Vincent's Church in Los Angeles for the
Doheny's, is carving the lintel.

The great bronze doors at the main library
entrance will probably be the largest bronze doors
ever cast in one piece on the Pacific Coast, states
Mr. Lunden.

Stained glass windows are being designed by
Wilbur Herbert Burnham of Boston, who did the
windows which ornament St. Vincent's.

John B. Smeraldi, Pasadena artist, is to paint
the ceiling decorations of the main reading room.

Samuel Armstrong, Santa Barbara artist, is to
do the murals for the "treasure room".

Including a magnificent marble frieze in the
main delivery hall, all interior marble work is
being installed by the Musto-Keenan Company.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

^65 ►

FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

The ARCHITECT'S

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS

VIEWPOINT

Clarence R. Ward . . . San Francisco
Carleton M. Winslow . Los Angeles

" Architects and the "Repression '

Harold W. Doty . . . Portland, Ore.

r, Some Architectural Opportunities

Charles H. Alden . . Seattle, Wash.

Tf The Home Building Conference

FFORTS have been made by the architectural press to enlist the support of
the architect towards securing some immediate improvement in the economic
situation that now renders inactive the architectural and building industry.
These efforts have apparently produced nothing of material benefit and could
hardly be expected to do so since for this immediate relief we should look to those
more closely connected with the financing of building operations. Architects can join
with others in maintaining a "Don't Let Down" spirit and like our friend Andy, with
his checkered suit and flaming necktie, combat the "Repression" by a courageous show
of indifference but it is toward the broader and more fundamental considerations in
place of temporary expedients that the professional ability of the architect and the
allied press could more wisely be applied.

Practitioners in the sister profession of medicine have always been notably active,
not only as a national body, but individually and in local groups in giving of their
knowledge to combat unhealthy conditions, although such efforts appear in direct oppo-
sition to their financial interests. Constructive architectural improvement in the com-
munity, which the architect by virture of his professional knowledge can effectively un-
dertake, is not opposed to his financial interests, and, although not immediately
remunerative is a permanent contribution to the welfare of the community of which he
is a part. The American Institute of Architects has rendered valuable service for many
years in its endeavor to make the architectural profession of service to society, involv-
ing much public-spirited effort on the part of its officers and committees, and a Insti-
tute Committee is now making a fundamental study of the economic depression with its
underlying causes and basic methods for relief.

It is believed that the time is opportune for individual architects and local groups,
relieved by the business situation from the exacting details of normal architectural prac-
tice, to apply themselves, in co-operation with other agencies, if not to economic research,
to other service of a general and constructive architectural character.

mNE opportunity is offered by the need for more extension of architectural planning
beyond the problem of the individual building, extending this more to building
groups, and particularly to towns and cities to secure a more orderly and otherwise
architectural arrangement than now results from the chaotic condition occasioned by
individual ownership. Our city lots are generally too narrow for the isolated dwellings
they contain which are crowded together with free spaces between limited to legal re-
strictions kept at a minimum to satisfy the demands of financial profit. There should be
room enough on city lots to prevent this crowding.

^66 ►

Some means should also be found to make the buildings more harmonious in
appearance. In other words, secure some measure of architectural control. To some
extent effective in privately controlled sub-divisions, this is destined to have a more
general application as public opinion is aroused to its importance.

Another opportunity is presented by the ragged appearance of our cities caused
by the isolated tall buildings with ornamental facades and almost equally conspicuous
side and rear walls devoid of any architectural character whatever. The modernistic
trend in design, by eliminating the overhanging cornice which was made to stop abruptly
at the limits of the facade, now offers a simpler opportunity to continue some harmon-
ious architectural treatment around these other exposed walls of the building which had
hitherto failed to get architectural consideration.

As an opportunity where distinct economic saving would make an appeal, some
thought might be given by the architect to further reduction of waste in the vast quan-
tity of advertising matter that daily goes into the waste basket in the architect's office.
The American Institute of Architects started an effective movement in this direction
some ten years ago by a conference with manufacturers which resulted in securing uni-
formity in size and convenience in filing. The waste that still continues with other in-
effectiveness in getting building material and methods to the attention of the architect
represents an expenditure that in these strenuous times would go far toward reduc-
ing production cost and would otherwise facilitate building. This means co-operation
between architect and material producer which has often been attempted with some
measure of success.

Now that the effects of the depression are so universally felt, the time is oppor-
tune for all elements of the building industry and others allied by consideration of the
public welfare to work together for improvement of architectural and building condi-
tions.

* * *

RESIDENT HOOVER'S Conference on Home Building and Home Ownership
recently held in Washington, D. O, is a distinguished example of co-operation

to bring about, by co-ordinated effort, some improvement in this social and building
situation of which the home building problem is so important a part. Preparation for
this Conference was inaugurated some two years ago by the appointment of commit-
tees, the President stating to them his idea that there should be first "A determination
of the facts in every direction, followed by a weighing and distillation of these facts
and the formulation of collective judgment of the leaders of our country in this spe-
cial knowledge."

After fifteen months effort on the part of architects and others of special knowl-
edge comprising these committees, the Conference assembled with a large number of
delegates from every part of the United States to hear and discuss the reports. In
opening the Conference, the President referred to the universal desire for home own-
ership and its value as a social condition. During the three days which followed, re-
ports of committees were listened to and discussed covering the many phases of the
subject; city planning and the planning of individual buildings with consideration
given to the various types of dwellings, the layout of kitchens and other details; con-
struction, particularly of houses of minimum cost and finance with special reference to
the income of the family. This Conference was intended to be but the beginning of
a movement to secure, by co-operation, effective procedure toward home building and
ownership, so vital to the welfare of the country. The published proceedings, which
will soon be available, will merit the attention of the architect who is in a position to
contribute of his knowledge to this important public service.

CHARLES H. ALDEN, F.A.I.A.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEFO ^ 57 ^ FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

NOTABLE EXHIBIT OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE
WILL BE SHOWN ON PACIFIC COAST

N exhibit of modern architecture as exemp-
lified by the work of Frank Lloyd Wright,
Raymond Hood, Howe & Lescaze, Bowman Bros,
and Richard Neutra, American architects, and
Mies van der Rohe, Walter Gropius, J. J. Oud, Le
Corbusier and Otto Haesler, European architects
— all men of note in their profession — will be in
the leading cities of the country this spring and
s'ummer. San Francisco and Los Angeles will have
a glimpse of the models and photographs of the
various types of buildings included in the exhibit
in July and August. The types for which models
will be shown comprise private houses, multiple
dwellings and apartment houses and schools. All
the models will be accurately made to scale.

In explaining the national and international sig-
nificance of the architectural exhibition, Alfred H.
Barr, Jr., director of the Museum of Modern Art
of New York, said: "There exists in the impor-
tant countries of the world today a new archi-
tecture. The reality of the 'International Style,' as
it can conveniently be called, has not yet been
brought home to the general public in America.
This is due partly to its newness. Also because of
its international character, few persons have had
the opportunity of gaining a comprehensive view
of the style in its entirety.

"The 'International Style' is probably the first
fundamentally original and widely distributed
style since the Gothic.

"The Museum of Modern Art has closely fol-
lowed this international activity in architecture.
Although the Museum has until now exhibited
only works of painting and sculpture, it has felt
the need since its inception for a comprehensive
exhibition of modern architecture."

A group of some of the most distinguished
architects of the world have designed models
of the type of building best suited to their
individual genius. These men have been chosen
as representing the highest achievement in twen-
tieth century architecture. Their models will dem-
onstrate that modern architecture can achieve
practical expression in every line of building —
home, school, railroad station, apartment house,

theater, department store, civic building and
church.

The following architects will represent Amer-
ica: Raymond Hood, New York, suburban sky-
scraper apartment house; Howe & Lescaze, New
York, urban multiple dwelling for Chrystie-For-
sythe property; Frank Lloyd Wright, Spring
Green, Wis., private house; Bowman Brothers,
Chicago, apartment house; Richard Neutra, Los
Angeles, school.

European architects represented include: Le
Corbusier, Paris, private house; J. J. P. Oud, Rot-
terdam, private house; Otto Haesler, Cassel, Ger-
many, housing development for minimum wage
earners at Cassel; Walter Gropius, Berlin,
"Bauhaus" school at Dessau; Mies van der Rohe.
Dessau, Germany, private house at Brunn, Czech-
oslovakia.

Each model will be accompanied by enlarged
plans and in some cases by special renderings.

There will be approximately eighty enlarged
photographs, measuring about three by six feet,
showing the existing work of the architects. One
room will be devoted to photographs illustrating
the international scope of modern architecture.
Among the countries represented, in addition to
those already mentioned, are: Switzerland, Russia
Austria, Czecho-Slovakia, Sweden, Finland,
Japan, England, Norway, Spain, Italy and Bel-
gium.

GRANTED CERTIFICATES

At the regular meeting of the State Board of
Architectural Examiners, Northern District, Jan-
uary 26th, the following was granted a Provi-
sional Certificate: Hamilton Murdock, 1435 Ben-
ton Street, Alameda, California.

At the November 26th meeting of the Southern
District, the following were granted Provisional
Certificates:

Chester Leonard Carjola, 99 San Ysidro Lane.
Santa Barbara; Ralph Mitchell Crosby. 10760
Rochester Ave., Los Angeles; S. Graham Latta,
725 N. Maryland Ave., Glendale; Ulysses Floyd
Rible, 7543^2 South Orange Grove Ave., Los An-
geles.

^68 ►

mln t£e archiTecTj

THEATER ALTERATIONS
Miller and Pflueger, architects, 580 Market
Street, San Francisco, have been commissioned to
prepare plans for extensive alterations to the
Mission Theater, San Francisco. The interior
will be redecorated and the seating capacity in-
creased. Nasser Brothers are the new owners of
the Mission and this firm has also recently taken
possession of the New American and Fillmore
Theaters.

FACTORY BUILDINGS
A group of factory buildings will be built at
the foot of Adeline Street, Oakland, by the El
Dorado Oil Company. The engineers are Ellison
& Russell, Pacific Building, San Francisco. The
group will consist of mill, machine shop, process
building, warehouse, extractor, copra bins, office
building and tanks. The project will cost $400,-
000 or more.

MONTEREY TELEPHONE BUILDING
Plans are being prepared by the Engineering
Department of the Pacific Telephone & Telegraph
Company, HO New Montgomery Street, San
Francisco, for a two story, Class C telephone ex-
change at Monterey. The building will cost
$100,000 with an additional $400,000 for new
equipment.

PLANNING COLUMBARIUM
W. O. Raiguel, Del Monte Hotel, Del Monte,
is preparing plans for a reinforced concrete mauso-
leum and columbarium to be built four miles from
Monterey for a private corporation, headed by
E. H. Tickel. San Carlos Hotel, Monterey. Mr.
Raiguel is also preparing drawings for the new
Monterey post office.

SACRAMENTO FEDERAL BUILDING
On March 2nd bids will be opened at Wash-
ington for the construction of a four story Class
A post office building in Sacramento, estimated to
cost $1,000,000. Contractors from near and far

have asked for plans and specifications. The
drawings were prepared by Starks and Flanders,
Forum Building, Sacramento.

PALO ALTO RESIDENCES
Two homes for the same owner in the Span-
ish style of architecture, have been designed by
Birge M. Clark, architect, of the University city.
The owner is Mrs. Louis Stern who will occupy
one of the homes, the other to be occupied by
her daughter. The improvements will represent
an investment of more than $40,000.

STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE
Plans have been completed by Franklin T.
Jorgenson of Eureka for a three story reinforced
concrete addition to the State Teachers College
at Areata, Humboldt County. There will be
eleven classrooms, assembly hall, gymnasium and
library. The State has appropriated $160,000 for
the work and bids will be advertised shortly.

MILLS COLLEGE DORMITORY
W. H. Ratcliff, Jr., of Berkeley, has completed
drawings for a two story reinforced concrete
dormitory to be erected on Mills College campus.
Oakland, at a cost of $110,000. The building will
have terra cotta tile roof, steel sash throughout,
hardwood interior trim and promenade tile floors.

STATE HOSPITAL ADDITION
Plans have been prepared by Peter L. Sala,
architect, of Stockton, for a $75,000 addition to
the Stockton State Hospital. It will serve as a
kitchen and bakery annex to the main dining hall
structure. Bids are scheduled to be opened in
Sacramento March first.

MR. ASHLEY NAMED ARCHITECT
The Board of Supervisors of Tuolumne county
has commissioned George Frederic Ashley of San
Francisco, architect, to design a Veterans Me-
morial building at Sonora to cost $30,000. Many
other architects sought the appointment.

^ 69 ►

ARCHITECTS DISCUSS LAW REVISION
Revision of the statute under which the Oregon
Board of Architectural Examiners operates was
considered at a convention of all registered archi-
tects in the state of Oregon held January 22 at
Portland. The Oregon Chapter. American Insti-
tute of Architects, cooperating with the examin-
ing board, arranged for the convention. Architects
serving on the committee were: Fred Claussen,
chairman; J. E. Tourtelotte, Ellis Lawrence, Ernst
Kroner. Jamieson Parker and Fred Aandahl. Mrs.
Margaret Fritsch, Spalding Building, secretary of
the examining board, had charge of registration.
The aim of the meeting was to incorporate new
standards of building and architecture in the li-
censing act. The program: Fred Claussen, general
introduction: Jamieson Parker, organization re-
port; John V. Bennes. registration; Ernst Kroner,
public relations; Harold W. Doty, public works;
J. E. Tourelotte, lien laws; Fred Aandahl, con-
tractual relations; O. R. Bean, state building law.

ARCHITECT LOSES LICENSE
The California State Board of Architectural
Examiners has revoked the license of Jens C.
Petersen of Sacramento to use the title of archi-
tect for alleged faulty engineering. The complain-
ant was W. C. Willett. an engineer in the State
Division of Architecture.

Petersen has been practicing in Sacramento
since 1919. Previously he had been licensed in
Chicago.

RUDOLPH FALKENRATH

Rudolph Falkenrath, architect, of Los Angeles,
died January 12 after a long illness. He was 45
years old and is survived by a widow and three
children. Mr. Falkenrath came to Los Angeles
from Salt Lake City in 1913. He was employed in
the office of A. F. Rosenheim and later was with
J. C. Austin. Following the war he engaged in
business for himself. He closed his office several
months ago because of ill health.

TALK ON SMALL HOMES
At a joint meeting of the Spokane Society of
Architects and the material men of the Falls City,
January 8, Frank S. McWilliams. president of the
Fidelity Savings and Loan Association, presided.
He spoke on the progress made by President
Hoover's Small Homes Conference, which Mr.
McWilliams attended.

PERSONALS

Chesley Bonestell, who will be remembered
as a former associate of Willis Polk, has recently
returned to San Francisco and at present is pre-
paring renderings of the municipal opera house.
Mr. Bonestell has taken up his residence at 2743
Dwight Way, Berkeley.

Woodworth Wethered, architect, has moved
to the Sir Francis Drake Hotel, San Francisco.

R. C. Reamer, architect, has moved to 1201
Fourth Avenue, Seattle, Wash.

Arthur Dysart, architect, is temporarily mak-
ing his headquarters in the office of C. E. Mer-
riam on the 14th floor of the Smith Tower, Seat-
tle. He formerly occupied a suite on the 17th floor
of the Smith Tower jointly with the late Frank H.
Fowler.

Messrs. John P. Krempel and Walter E.
Erkes have moved from 415 Transamerica Build-
ing to suite 1029-30-31 Transamerica Building.
Los Angeles.

Lincoln Rodger, architect, has moved his
office from 2412 West Seventh Street to 6118
Del Valle Drive, Los Angeles.

Joseph H. Roberts, architect of Long Beach,
died at his home in that city January 26, aged
34 years. He had been ill for about two months.
Mr. Roberts was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, but
had lived for 29 years in Long Beach where he
was graduated from the Polytechnic high school
in 1916.

Vincent Palmer, architect and civil engineer,
announces the removal of his office from 5419 W.
Sixth Street, Los Angeles, to larger quarters in
Suites 115-109 Coyne Building, 116 N. Larch-
mont Blvd., Los Angeles.

"AMPHIBIAN ARCHITECT"
"Amphibian architect" is the new title assumed
by Silas E. Nelsen of Tacoma. He has turned his
talents toward the briny deep by making plans
for a 28' yawl and building a model of it. and be-
ginning the design of a cabin cruiser for Henry
Foss, member of the tugboat family. Besides that
he is getting a boat plan out for the Tacoma Sea-
scouts.

PLAN NEW THEATERS
The National Syndicate, 25 Taylor Street, San
Francisco, will erect new theaters at Madera
and Woodland. Their architects are Bliss and
Fairweather, Balboa Building, San Francisco.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

<4 70 ►

FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

WINS EMERSON PRIZE

National honors came to the college of archi-
tecture. University of Southern California, when
Dean A. C. Weatherhead was advised by the
Beaux-Arts Institute of Design, New York City,
that Boris R. Leven. senior architecture student
at University of Southern California, had won
the Emerson prize and a first medal, constituting
the grand award, in a nation-wide competition for
a design of a memorial to Thomas Alva Edison.

In the same competition nine other Trojan stu-
dents in the college of architecture won medals
and mentions.

The Emerson contest involves a problem issued
each year by the Beaux-Arts Institute to all uni-
versities and ateliers under its supervision. Judg-
ment is made by a special jury of practicing archi-
tects and professors of architecture. Awards are
made on the merits of the solutions presented, the
names of the students and their schools or ateliers
being unknown to the jury.

Leven's project which won the Emerson prize
will be reproduced in the official publication of
the Institute and placed in a traveling exhibition
which will be shown throughout the United States
and in Europe.

The Emerson prize competition is open only to
students of Class "A" registration who have sub-
mitted at least one finished problem during the
preceding school year in a judgment held by the
Beaux-Arts Institute of Design.

The subject of the 1932 competition was de-
scribed as follows: "In commemoration of the late
Thomas Alva Edison, a building is being erected
for the public exhibition of his complete electrical
inventions. In the great exhibition hall a memorial
shall be designed, dignified in character, to form
a permanent part of the wall treatment centered
on a long side of the room * * *"

Whitney Warren is director of the Beaux-Arts
Institute of Design, and Benjamin W. Morris is
chairman of the board of trustees of the Institute,
which has headquarters at 304 East 44th Street,
New York City.

LOS ANGELES UNION DEPOT
Decision of the California railroad commission
favoring the stub-end union passenger depot plan
for Los Angeles, submitted by the Southern Pa-
cific and Union Pacific, was influenced by the
lower cost and the fact that it is in every way
in substantial accordance with the requirements
of its own decision and that of the Interstate
Commerce Commission. This decision was upheld
both by the state supreme court and the U. S.
supreme court, the commission states. The
"through" depot plan submitted by the Santa
Fe Railway Company, it was held, does not meet
the requirements of the commission's order as
affirmed by the high courts.

The approved plan calls for a stub-end depot
opposite the Plaza, east of Los Angeles Street.
Estimates of the cost of this union terminal plan
vary from $8,708,000 to $9,517,000. Estimates
of cost for the Santa Fe through-depot plan
ranged from $10,324,000 to $13,550,000.

Plans for the new Union station are being pre-
pared in the architectural department of the
Southern Pacific Company, San Francisco.

OFFICERS RE-ELECTED

All officers of the Long Beach Architectural

Club have been re-elected to serve during the year

1932. They are: Hugh R. Davies, president; Carl

Schilling, vice-president; J. H. Roberts, secretary.

MR. AUSTIN STILL ACTIVE
Retiring from the presidency of the Los An-
geles Chamber of Commerce after a most suc-
cesful administration, John C. Austin, architect,
has embarked on another year of active leader-
ship in civic affairs as chairman of the construc-
tion industries committee of the Chamber. At the
initial meeting of the committee Mr. Austin ex-
pressed his desire to broaden the activities of the
committee, bringing into it all the interests con-
cerned in construction and making it a sort of
melting pot in which the difficulties and problems
of the construction industry may be smoothed out.
He said this year would, on account of economic
conditions, offer an opportunity for constructive
effort such as had not heretofore been presented.
This situation made it desirable to increase the
personnel of the committee to take in all groups
which are in any way concerned in construction,
including realtors, those engaged in financing
building, engineers, architects, contractors, mater-
ial men and others.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 71 ►

FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

WILLIAMS COMPANY BUSY
The George W. Williams Co. of Burlingame
reports some activity in small house construction
in the Willborough Place tract. Burlingame. Sev-
eral houses have recently been completed by this
firm and others are in prospect, including one for
J. P. Neeley to cost $6500 and one to be built
by the Williams Company for speculation to cost
$6150.

COLLEGE BUILDINGS
H. A. Minton, architect. 525 Market Street.
San Francisco, has completed plans and bids have
been taken for the construction of a group of
reinforced concrete college buildings for women
at Turk and Parker Streets. San Francisco. The
project will involve an outlay of $350,000.

DESIGNING STUCCO DWELLINGS
Richard R. Irvine. Call Building, San Fran-
cisco, is preparing plans for a group of six frame
and stucco dwellings on the east side of 27th
Avenue north of Fulton Street, San Francisco,
for Heyman Brothers; also, fifteen houses in the
Sunset District for the Marion Realty Company.

APARTMENT BUILDING
A six story and basement steel frame and brick
apartment building will be erected at 25th and
Bartlett Streets, San Francisco, for F. W. Han-
chett of 34 Highland Avenue, San Francisco. The
plans have been prepared by William C. Am-
brose, architect, 605 Market Street, San Fran-
cisco.

STORES AND APARTMENTS
Clausen and Amandes, 746~46th Avenue, San
Francisco, have prepared plans for a three story
and basement store and apartment building to
be erected on the southeast corner of 32nd Ave-
nue and Judah Streets. San Francisco, at a cost
of $30,000. There will be two stores and four
apartments.

BERKELEY THEATER
After several months delay, construction has
finally started on the United Artists Theater at
Durant Street and Shattuck Avenue, Berkeley.
Walker and Eisen of Los Angeles are the archi-
tects and Cahill Brothers, the builders. Approx-
imately $250,000 will be expended on the im-
provements.

MERRITT J. REID. ARCHITECT
Merritt J. Reid. architect, died February 4th
at Dante Sanatorium, San Francisco. With his
brother. J. W. Reid, who survives, and will go on
with the practice, he was a designer of the Fair-
mont Hotel. Claus Spreckels Building, Fitzhugh
Building and many other buildings in San Fran-
cisco, throughout the country and abroad. Born
in New Brunswick, Canada, Mr. Reid came to
San Francisco when a boy and had grown up
in the city to become one of its foremost archi-
tects. In later years he moved to Mill Valley. A
daughter. Mrs. Chapin Tubbs of Calistoga, is the
only other surviving close relative.

The firm of Reid Bros, is probably as well
known as any other architectural office on the
Pacific Coast. Some of the largest structures in
San Francisco. Los Angeles and Portland, Ore-
gon, were designed by them, including the Mer-
ritt Building in Los Angeles, notable for its pure
white marble facade. The Claus Spreckels Build-
ing ( formerly known as the Call Building ) was
San Francisco's first real skyscraper. This struc-
ture went through the great earthquake and fire
and retains today its original character, both in
heighth and design. Many theaters scattered
throughout the large cities of California are the
work of this pioneer firm of architects.

CHRYSLER ASSEMBLY PLANT
At Los Angeles the Chrysler Corporation will
erect a new auto assembly plant costing in excess
of $1,000,000. The plans for the structure were
prepared by Harry T. Miller, architect, and call
for a steel frame assembly building. 1100x305
feet with concrete and brick walls, and a two
story administration building.

GROUP OF BUNGALOWS
H. C. Baumann, architect, 251 Kearny Street,
San Francisco, is preparing plans for a group of
twelve or more bungalows to be erected in the
Sunset District, San Francisco, for the Marion
Realty Company. They will vary in cost from
$5000 to $6500 each.

NEW PLYWOOD FOLDER
A new folder issued by the Douglas Fir Ply-
wood Manufacturers Association conveys techni-
cal information essential to intelligently use this
new and interesting product. Copies may be had
on application to their office in the Skinner Build-
ing. Seattle.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 72 ►

FEBRUARY, NINETEEN' THIRTY-TWO

SMALL HOUSE BUREAU. LONG BEACH
The Small House Plan Bureau of the Long
Beach Architectural Club, which will furnish
prospective home builders with free consulting
service and plans at actual cost of drafting, was
opened in the Long Beach Chamber of Commerce
Building in January, according to Hugh R. Davies,
president of the club. Plans for operation of the
bureau are being worked out by the six architects
drafted by the club for the work, in conjunction
with J. H. Pelkey, new president of Long Beach
Builders Exchange and George G. Collins, chair-
man of the small home committee of the Building
and Loan League. The architects are: Hugh R.
Davies, George D. Riddle, Cecil Schilling, Ken-
neth S. Wing, Earl Bobbe and Glen Miller. Each
architect will spend two hours daily for a month
at the bureau.

"The object of this service." said President
Davies, "is to raise the standards in home archi-
tecture arid eliminate the incompetent builder."
The free consulting services will include advice on
building, financing, construction and also land-
scaping and home furnishing. George J. Carpen-
ter will provide the landscaping service for the
bureau. The small home as described by the bu-
reau is the house within a limit of 1200 to 1400
square feet area.

AIMEE McPHERSON HOTEL
Attorney W. Joseph Ford, counsel for Aimee
Semple McPherson-Hutton, announces that plans
have been completed for a $1,000,000 apartment
hotel on property near the famous Angelus Tem-
ple in Los Angeles. The plans for the hotel are
being prepared by William H. Wheeler of San
Diego, and call for every convenience known to
hotel construction. The building is intended to
care for the hundreds of Four Square Gospel
workers who come from all parts of the United
States to hear Aimee and her tenor-singing hus-
band.

SAN MATEO APARTMENTS
Plans have been completed by Edwards and
Schary, 550 Montgomery Street. San Francisco,
for a two story, frame and stucco apartment
building in San Mateo for Mrs. Ethel L. Fine.
There will be twelve two and three room apart-
ments.

REOPENS SAN FRANCISCO OFFICE
Portland Cement Association shows its confi-
dence in the building industry by reopening its
San Francisco office at 564 Market Street. George
E. Warren, Assistant General Manager at Chi-
cago, has come to the Coast to take charge of
the San Francisco office and he will have the
assistance of J. E. Jellick, formerly Sales Promo-
tion Manager of the Calaveras Portland Cement
Company. Between the two the office should be-
come a factor in promoting the interests of the
cement industry in Northern and Central Cali-
fornia.

Mr. Warren has been identified with the Port-
land cement industry for the last 1 7 years, of
which eleven have been spent in his present posi-
tion of Assistant General Manager. He is a mem-
ber of American Society of Civil Engineers and
the American Society for Testing Materials.

Mr. Jellick's officiol title will be District Engi-
neer for the Northern and Central California ter-
ritory with headquarters at the San Francisco
office.

The Portland Cement Association was formed
thirty years ago and has carried on as a research,
educational and promotive body. Selling Portland
cement, except as an idea, is no part of Associa-
tion work. Through its force of field engineers
the uses of cement are stressed; selling is the task
for the salesmen of the individual member com-
panies. Research work is one of the Association's
chief activities. More than 40.000 tests are made
each year in its laboratories.

TACOMA BUILDING CODE
Revision of Tacoma's building code was the
subject discussed before the Tacoma Society of
Architects, January 4, by Silas E. Nelsen, member
of the city's revision committee. Particular atten-
tion was called to the proposed changes in the
code. George Ekvall was commended for excel-
lent work in remodeling the Bekins warehouse.

TO SPEED LONGVIEW BUILDING
Carl F. Gould, of Bebb and Gould, architects,
in the Hoge Building, Seattle, reports satisfactory
progress on plans for the Federal Building at
Longview, Wash. The Bebb-Gould and the John
Graham offices in Seattle are working jointly on
the plans for this structure.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

M 73 ►

FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

JOClLlY a^ CLVB MEETINGS

NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CHAPTER
The regular November meeting of the Northern

California Chapter, A. I. A., was held at the St.

Francis Hotel. San Francisco, on the evening of

the 24th.

The following were present:

Members: G. Frederic Ashley. Reddick H.
Bickel. Morris M. Bruce, Gardner A. Dailey,
Wm. B. Farlow, Albert Farr, Edward L. Frick,
Wm. I. Garren. Henry H. Gutterson, Henry T.
Howard, Ellsworth Johnson, Thos. J. Kent, Geo.
R. Klinkhardt. Chas. F. Maury, John B. McCool,
Angus McSweeney, Harry M. Michelsen, James
H. Mitchell, Gwynn Officer, Wilbur D. Peugh,
Frederick H. Reimers, Louis Schalk, Wallace
Stephen. Roland I. Stringham, Clarence R.
Ward, and Stanton Willard.

Guests: Lewis F. Byington, T. C. Carpenter,
Samuel T. Farquhar, E. B. deGolia, E. Spencer
Macky, Redfern Mason, John O'Toole, Edgar
Walter, George Kingsland, George P. Fackt,
W. B. Glynn, Richard Gump.

Henry H. Gutterson presided and turned the
meeting over to G. Frederic Ashley, as Chairman,
to proceed with the program which he had ar-
ranged.

The meeting took the form of a symposium on
the genera] subject of the Art Commission with
one speaker representing the City Planning Com-
mission. The papers presented as summarized
below. Of the speakers, Messrs. Byington, Far-
quhar, Mason and Walter were among those who
took an active part in the achievement of an Art
Commission for San Francisco.

Copies of Sections 45 and 46 of the Charter
providing for the Commission were distributed at
the meeting.

The Art Commission and Music, by Redfern
Mason, Music Editor, San Francisco Examiner.
All arts are one in essence and intention.
Music is as much a matter of composition as any
work of architecture. Music, as a matter of edu-
cation, should be expected to enjoy public sup-
port and subsidy. San Francisco, in proportion

to its wealth and size, is doing more for music
than any other city in the United States. Good
music raises the general level and appreciation of
culture. Those interested in good music are also
interested in literature, architecture, painting and
sculpture, and will devote their efforts to the
esthetic development of the city.
The Function of the Literateur on the Art Com-
mission, by Samuel T. Farquhar, Secretary,
San Francisco Federation of Arts:

The literary man will, naturally, supervise the
composition of inscriptions on public buildings,
monuments and memorials. He will give advice
tending to improve the literary and typographical
form of public documents and of publications
partially financed by funds subscribed by the city
and county. He will advise in regard to commem-
orative exercises and pageants. He might well
represent San Francisco on the Board of Direc-
tors of Californians, Inc.
What May Be Expected of an Art Commission,

by Edgar Walter, Sculptor, Traveler, Lecturer

on Art:

Lack of fundamental interest and knowledge
in matters of art in any branch of the city govern-
ment makes the appointment of an Art Commis-
sion a matter of cardinal importance. Certain
European governments, of those nations in the
lead in world art progress, have given the Arts
a cabinet portfolio, putting it on a par with in-
dustrial and economic aspects of national progress.

Art commissions exist in the more important
cities of the United States and, on the whole, have
been decidedly beneficial. The ideal art commis-
sion begins with the character of members. The
method prescribed by our charter for appointment
gives a warrantable guarantee of integrity and
usefulness. Divorcement from political consider-
ations is a main virtue.

To function at its best, the commission must
act with courage and understanding and without
opportunism. At its worst, an art commission falls
into the barren channels of official, banal, art.
It would be stretching hopes too far to expect a

^ 74 ►

perfect commission, owing to the fallibility of con-
temporaneous judgment, but I look for consider-
able and much-desired progress.
^4 Layman Looks at the Art Commission, by Hon.

Lewis F. Byington, Chairman, S. F. Board of

Freeholders, Chairman. Committee on Historic

Monuments, N. S. G. W.:

San Francisco offers an opportunity for archi-
tectural development and an expression of civic
art surpassing any other locality. Excepting for
Senator Phelan, our civic leaders have not been
art-minded. He gave us the Burnham Plan, most
features of which have still to be realized. Failure
to carry this out has been due to economic and
business reasons.

Factors wherein San Francisco might well imi-
tate Buenos Aires is the award of medals annu-
ally to the owners, architects and builders of the
structure adjudged the most beautiful of the year.
With this award, goes remission of taxes for a
certain period. Another feature is a law compel-
ling owners of vacant lots in certain districts, im-
portant in relation to civic developments, to erect
masonry walls, harmonizing with adjoining build-
ings.
Legal Powers of the Art Commission, by Hon.

John O'Toole, City Attorney:

Legal powers of the commission are quite broad.
Great discrimination should be used in order to
build up the confidence of the public in the com-
mission and to strengthen its prestige. The items
subject to the approval of the Art Commission,
are fully stated in the charter. The control of
marquises and projecting signs is an item of great
interest to architects. The right to prohibit same
may not lie with the commission, but strict con-
trol, with public benefit and necessity constantly
in mind, may be developed in time into the right
to prevent their erection in cases where they are
not of substantial benefit to the public.

The provision in the charter permitting the es-
tablishment of a night university might be put
into effect under the control of the Art Commis-
sion taking the form of a great art school.
The Functions of the Art Commission, by E.

Spencer Macky, Executive Director. San Fran-
cisco Art Association:

Regarding personnel: I hope the painter and
sculptor members will possess characters able to
say "No" as well as "Yes" at the proper time,
without being influenced by other considerations
than the ultimate good of the city.

The work of few architects, probably, have
reached their ideals. This is certainly true in the
practice of the plastic and graphic arts. We can
do a tremendous amount in encouraging the de-
velopment of ideal architecture, painting and
sculpture, and in developing a public taste for
these. The commission can also cooperate with
splendid work now being done by our museums
by placing before the people examples of the
highest character as standards of good state.

The prime function will be to prevent the dis-
figurement of our city by ugly structures and
paintings which are superficial and crude and by
sculpture which is banal.

San Francisco is unique among American cities
in having an Art Commission which embraces all
the arts, marking it as one of the most progres-
sive art centers.

Function of the Landscape Architect on the Art
Commission, by Thomas E. Carpenter, Mem-
ber, American Society of Landscape Architects,
Asst. Landscape Architect. U. S. National
Park Service:

City planning is the broadest field of the land-
scape architect's practice. Ex-officio membership
of the Chairmen of the Park and City Planning
Commissions on the Art Commission and the
presence of a landscape architect should present
a fine opportunity for comprehensive planning.

With respect to buildings, the landscape arch-
itect is interested in site and environment, and
the relationship of the design of one building to
another. Through the Art Commission there will
be an opportunity to relate the public building
both with its immediate environment and the city
plan, giving the public a better conception of
design and esthetic values in general.

City Planning in San Francisco, As It Is and As
It Might Be, by E. De Golia, Member, S. F.
City Planning Commission:

The Art Commission is fortunate in having been
granted broad, definite powers. The City Plan-
ning Commission has been greatly handicapped
for the lack of such powers. It has been distracted
from the proper consideration of broad phases of
planning by the necessity for entering into petty
squabbles over such things as gasoline filling-sta-
tion sites and permits, and commercial district
zoning.

The approval of the Art Commission is re-
quired in respect to the design of bridges, via-

<4 75 ►

ducts, arches, approaches and other structures
on or extending over any street of public place
of the city. It may also advise in respect to lines,
grades and plotting of public ways. These are
items of great interest to the Planning Commis-
sion and a sympathetic and cooperative exercise
of these powers will be of the greatest assistance
to the Planning Commission.

JAMES H. MITCHELL, Secretary.

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CHAPTER

The newly elected officers of Southern Califor-
nia Chapter, A. I. A., were installed at the Jan-
uary 12th meeting, there being a large attendance.
The new officers are: Gordon B. Kaufmann, pres-
ident; Sumner M. Spaulding. vice-president; Pal-
mer Sabin, secretary; Paul J. Duncan, treasurer;
Roland E. Coate, director for the three-year
term; and Carleton M. Winslow, director for one
year to fill the unexpired term of Mr. Kaufmann.

The Chapter adopted a resolution urging the
Los Angeles County Supervisors to make a set-
tlement at this time with San Gabriel Canyon
mining claim owners, in order that the flood con-
trol dam construction program may be carried to
completion.

Bill No. 6187, requiring the Treasury Depart-
ment to employ private architects on all Federal
government building projects costing more than
$50,000, was discussed and referred to a special
committee.

H. C. Chambers, the Chapter's outgoing presi-
dent, delivered his annual address, of which the
following are highlights:

The California State Board of Architectural
Examiners has called upon the Chapter for as-
sistance in judging the state examinations for
license, and the Chapter members assigned to this
work have heartily and ably responded. A Chap-
ter committee has prepared and submitted to the
State Board a syllabus outlining for the informa-
tion of applicants, the subjects which these exam-
inations shall cover. This work with the state
licensing board by practicing members of the pro-
fession is an important and somewhat unique con-
tribution, as in most states the control of these
examinations is very largely in the hands of school
authorities.

Under the leadership of the Ethics and Prac-
tice committee, Gordon B. Kaufmann, chairman,

roundtable discussions covering various phases of
practice have been held at Chapter meetings. It
is interesting to note that the meetings of the
Chapter, which have been well attended, are. in
an increasing degree, being devoted to subjects
of mutual interest and benefit to the members. Of
the twelve meetings held during the past year
three have been joint meetings with the State As-
sociation; five have had outside speakers; the re-
mainder have been devoted entirely to profes-
sional discussions.

Mr. Kaufmann and Mr. Chambers are inform-
ally representing the architects on the executive
committee of the State Building Congress. All
branches of the building industry are represented
on this committee. Four meetings have been held
to date, which have been devoted principally to
a survey of conditions and to organization prob-
lems. These meetings have been well attended by
leaders in various branches of the industry. Arthur
S. Bent is chairman of the Southern Section.

OREGON CHAPTER, A.I.A.

The annual meeting of Oregon Chapter, A. I. A.,
was held at the University Club, Portland, Jan-
uary 19th.

Members present were: Doty, Marsh, Tucker,
Stanton, Aandahl, Brookman, Wallwork, Ken-
nedy, Holford, Jacobberger, Belluschi, Bean,
Church, and Crowell.

Meeting called to order at 6 P. M. by Presi-
dent Doty. Minutes of last regular meeting were
approved as circularized.

President Doty spoke briefly of the Chapter
activities during the past year and read telegrams
received from the Oregon delegation in Congress
regarding Architects' Employment Bill.

Informal reports were made by Mr. Aandahl,
of Executive Committee; Mr. Holford, of Exhibi-
tion Committee, and Mr. Bean, Chairman of
Membership Committee. Mr. Stanton, Chairman
of Public Information Committee, spoke of the
work undertaken by his committee but said the
work had been at least partially nullified and the
enthusiasm of the committee dampened by regret-
able actions of Chapter members. Mr. Crowell,
of Public Works Committee, told of the work
done in redesigning the pedestal of the Harvey
Scott statue through Chairman Parker's office to
the satisfaction of Sculptor Borglum and Mr. Les-
lie Scott.

mi. architect and i-:ncini-:er

<4 76 ►

1 1 BRUAI.'Y. MM- II.HN TII1DTV-TWO

Treasurer Herzog presented his annual report
which was approved.

Balance in Bank 1-20-1931 $487.79

Receipts to 1-19-1932 438.16

Disbursements to 1-19-1932 $606.54

Bank Balance 1-19-1932 311.41

Check of Alfred H. Smith on

hand (Hibernia) 8.00

$925.95 $925.95

The election of officers for 1 932 then took place
with the following result: President, Harold W.
Doty; Vice-President, Fred Aandahl; Secretary
W. H. Crowell; Treasurer, Harry A. Herzog;
C. H. Wallwork was elected trustee to serve three
years. Holdover trustees are Jamieson Parker (one
year), W. G. Holford (two years). On motion
Messrs. Wallwork and Legge were re-elected
delegates to the Oregon Technical Council. The
action of the Executive Committee in withdrawing
from the Oregon Technical Council unemploy-
ment relief movement was discussed and on mo-
tion delegates were instructed to express the
Chapter's sympathy with the movement and ex-
plain more fully to the Council our reasons for
withdrawing.

Moved, seconded and passed that each member
be elected delegate and alternate to the next
annual Institute convention. At this stage the
meeting adjourned to the dinner table where dis-
cussion was resumed after the edge of the Chap-
ter appetite had been appeased.

A letter from Engineer W. H. Marsh to C. D.
James was read which set forth the desirability of
architects and engineers working together if re-
vision of state registration laws was to be at-
tempted.

On motion of Mr. Holford, duly seconded, it
was voted that the Secretary write to Mr. Marsh
to the effect that the Chapter does not now con-
template a change in Architects Registration Law
but would be glad to confer with the engineers
if and when a change was sought.

On motion of Mr. Aandahl, duly seconded, the
action on the previous motion was rescinded. A
motion by Mr. Aandahl to change the wording
of Mr. Holford's motion failed of a second.

It was moved by Aandahl, seconded and passed
that the matter of Mr. Marsh's letter be referred
to the Executive Committee.

The Secretary read a letter from Bertha Stu-
art, Chairman of Membership Committee of the

Portland Housing and Planning Association, ask-
ing that architects take a more active interest in
the activities of that Association by joining as
individuals, or by appointment of a committee by
the Chapter. On motion the Secretary was in-
structed to write Miss Stuart asking for more in-
formation as to the organization and aims of the
Housing and Planning Association. — W.H.C.

SAN FRANCISCO ARCHITECTURAL
CLUB

The January meeting held quite an interest for
all of the members of the Club and especially for
those who attended. The election and installa-
tion of officers for 1932 as well as the dismissal
of the officers of the year previous, along with
the annual reports of all committees, added zest
to the meeting. The following officers were
elected:

President C. Jefferson Sly; Vice President,
Donnell E. Jaekle; Secretary, D. E. Reinoehl;
Director, F. A. Reynaud.

The office of treasurer will be retained by Ster-
ling Carter until July. Directors S. C. Leonhauser
and Robert Nordin also remain until July. Com-
mittees appointed by President C. Jefferson Sly
follow :

Editor and Publicity, Donnell E. Jaekle; House
and Refreshment, D. E. Reinoehl; Library, F. A.
Reynaud; Class, S. C. Leonhauser; Finance, Ster-
ling Carter; Entertainment, Otto G. Hintermann;
Reception, William Helm; Employment, Robert
Nordin.

Past President Ira Springer was presented with
a beautiful S.F.A.C. Club charm in appreciation
of his efforts of the past year.

President Sly was also presented with a charm
by Mr. Springer which will be worn by him dur-
ing his term of office.

Harry Langley, past president of the Club, en-
tertained the boys with a wonderful two reel mov-
ing picture produced by himself, showing the
wonders of the Grand Canyon and Zion National
Park, where he spends the greater part of the
year improving roads and building bridges.

The Atelier reported a class of 45 working
hard for any or all honors that may be in the
field for the coming season.

The meeting closed with a buffet lunch served
in the quarters by the outgoing refreshment com-
mittee, which proved to be a huge success.

—D.E.J.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 77 ►

FEBRUARY. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

AMERICAN PUBLIC BUILDINGS OF TO-
DAY— Edited by R. W. Sexton: Foreword
by W. A. Delano. A. I. A. Published by the
Architectural Book Publishing Company. 108
West -46th Street. New York City. Price
$12.50.
This volume, comprehensively written, em-
braces photographs and plans of city halls, court
houses, municipal buildings, fire stations, muse-
ums, libraries and park buildings in the major
cities of the United States. An interesting fore-
word by Mr. Delano and some text by the editor
rounds out a splendid publication.

The various city planning boards and architects
interested in public building plans should find the
answer to several important questions in this vol-
ume. The cost of the book seems a little high
in view of the times.

THREE McINTIRE ROOMS FROM PEA-
BODY. MASSACHUSETTS. By Edwin
J. Hipkiss. Published by the Museum of Fine
Arts. Boston. Mass.. 1931.

The three rooms so admirably illustrated in the
above book formed a portion of "Oak Hill" orig-
inally owned by Elizabeth Derby West and until
recently held by the Rogers family. The archi-
tectural woodwork and many of the pieces used
in the rooms by their first owner were acquired
by the trustees of the Museum.

These rooms came from a well known house
situated in Andover Street, a mile and a half
northwest of Peabody City, known as South Dan-
vers. Massachusetts. The house was built in
1800-1801 for Captain and Mrs. Nathaniel West.

The architect of "Oak Hill". Samuel Mclntire.
was recognized as a distinguished craftsman-
architect who designed and enriched the finest
architecture of Salem. In 1793 he submitted a
competitive design for a capitol building at Wash-
ington, practically the only known instance of his
extending his activity outside of his home town.
The last owner of "Oak Hill" was Elizabeth Put-
nam Rogers (Mrs. Jacob Crowninshield Rogers)
1877-1922.

WAREHOUSES AND SUPPLY STATION

The Pacific Gas and Electric Company is build-
ing quite a few warehouses and supply depots in
various cities in Northern and Central California.
Bids have recently been taken for groups of build-
ings in Hayward. Colusa and Concord.

PILLARS OF ARCHITECTURE
By Frederick M. Green*

The three great pillars that support architecture
may be named Wisdom. Strength and Beauty.

The architect by wisdom contrives the plan of
the building to the end that it may serve the pur-
pose for which it is intended. In modern par-
lance this element of the design is called Utility.

Strength has reference to the stability of the
structure: the capacity of the foundation soil to
sustain the weight of the building, the capacity
of each column, beam and girder safely to carry
the loads imposed upon it. the ability of the mate-
rials entering into the structure to resist year after
year the stresses induced by the loads imposed.

Beauty — well we all know what beauty is —
but who shall succeed in expressing in mere
words that intangible elegance and harmony that
we call beauty.

It is the duty of the structural engineer to
attend at the second pillar, that called Strength.
The architect must be left free to solve the prob-
lems of utility and. as an artist, to capture and
imprison in the dense matter of the building as
much of beauty as circumstances permit. It is the
function of the structural engineer to design a
structure that will embody in the form conceived
by the artist, the strength needed to sustain that
form.

At a wedding the bride is supposed to wear
"something old and something new. something
borrowed and something blue." Some architec-
tural designs are a bit like that. Often they con-
tain something old, something new, and some-
thing borrowed — and sometimes something blue,
but in the kaleidoscopic combination of these old
and new, there results always a new problem for
the structural engineer.

As no two artists ever dreamed the same dream,
so no two building designs are ever exactly alike.
The variety in infinite. There is always something
new to which the basic principle of structural
engineering must be applied, always a new search
for the answer to the problem "How to make the
artist's dream come true" to the end that neither
weight nor load, wind nor shock, heat nor cold,
or any other thing shall prevail against the
strength of the building but rather that it shall
stand for all the years of its usefulness — a safe
and serviceable creation.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 78 ►

FEBRUARY, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

WHAT OF ARCHITECT'S FUTURE?

UR country has entered a new era of
building, a new era bringing new and
complicated phases of construction economics.
The three factors that have united in making our
country the greatest building nation in the world,
the architects, engineers, and builders of America,
have conquered many technical problems. In the
same spirit we shall conquer the problems of the
new phases of economics.

"Architects may be perplexed as to their own
status in this new era; the kindred engineering
professions are likewise pondering over the ques-
tion of their relationship to this development. It
seems normal that vast progress should introduce
new adjustments into the ancient institution of
architecture. It also seems plain to me, as a
builder and engineer, that the architect's place is
secure in the scheme of big construction.

"American cities are being remade. Ever since
L. S. Bufhngton, the young Minnesota architect,
dreamed of skeleton steel structures back in 1880.
Americans have pioneered a type of building that
revolutionized design and construction technique.

"When William Jenney in 1883 designed the
Home Insurance Building in Chicago, taking the
dead load off his walls and placing it on a skele-
ton framework of iron concealed in the masonry,
he did more than inaugurate the epoch of the
skyscraper. He opened a new social era.

"For years prior to the steel-grillage principle
— first designed in the office of Burnham and
Root, architects of the twelve-story Rookery
Building in Chicago in 1888 — there was pessi-
mistic comment on the status of American archi-
tecture. Of all the arts, it was complained, archi-
tecture showed the least vitality.

"Then came the skyscraper, and with it a new
attitude of the world toward the American archi-
tect and American construction methods.

"This new type of structure transformed the
artist-craftsman of yesterday into the three-func-
tioned architect of today, just as it evolved the

Some Observations by Colonel
Wm. A. STARRETT, as Reported by
ALFRED HUMAN in "Pencil Points"

old-time building contractor, the handicraft spe-
cialist, into the coordinator-manager of today.
Craftsmanship is merely one vital phase of build-
ing operations; at times we seem to forget this
primary fact to modern construction."

Colonel Starrett disagrees with those few who
say that the architect is a mere theorist or picture-
maker. That is an old-fashioned notion, he be-
lieves. He continued:

"As a builder I consider that the architect
should, if he would keep abreast of modern con-
struction, function in three directions, or, to put
it another way, he must operate three distinct
businesses.

"First, there is the designing of architecture.
Till the skyscraper arrived, this basic ability was
the chief function of the architect.

"Second, there is the construction of architec-
ture. That is, the correlation of the engineering
problems, the scientific planning and detailing,
always with the cost limitations in mind.

"Third, there is the business of architecture.
This third phase concerns his relations with the
client, the management of his own affairs, his
office and operating forces, and particularly his
business relations with the builder and the build-
er's co-workers.

"Such a three-fold functioning is achieved only
by intensive training, and mature experience.

"We can at once place our finger on one evil
in the architect's profession: the unwillingness of
the young draftsman to submit to this indispens-
able discipline.

"These young men, promising and brilliant in
many instances, are restless and seek the immed-
iate realization of their ideas. Instead of holding
themselves in leash and settling down to a rela-
tively brief period of work and practical school-
ing in the right kind of environment, the young-
ster succumbs to the allurement of the first pros-
pective client's offer.

"Too often this offer comes from the type of
individual owner who has made it a part of his

A 79 ►

American institute of Arcbitects

(Organized 1857)
Northern California Chapter

President Henry H. Gutterson

Vice-President Albert J. Evers

Secretary-Treasurer .... Jas. H. Mitchell

Directors

John J. Donovan Harris C. Allen Lester Hurd

Fred'k. H. Meyer G. F. Ashley Berge M. Clarke

Southern California Chapter, Los Angeles

President Gordon B. Kaufmann

Vice-President Sumner M. Spaulding

Secretary Palmer Sabin

Treasurer Paul J. Duncan

Directors

Carleton M. Winslow Wm. Richards Roland E. Coate

Eugene Weston, Jr.

Santa Barbara Chapter

President Russel Ray

Vice-President Harold Burket

Secretary E. Keith Lockard

Treasurer Leonard A. Cooke

Oregon Chapter, Portland

President Harold W. Doty

Vice-President Fred Aandahl

Secretary W. H. Crowell

Treasurer Harry A. Herzog

Trustees
C H. Wallwork Jamieson Parker, William Holford

Washington State Chapter, Seattle

President Roland E. Borhek

First Vice-President J. Lister Holmes

Second Vice-President . . . Stanley A. Smith
Third Vice-President . . . . F. Stanley Piper

Secretary Lance E. Gowen

Treasurer Albert M. Allen

Executive Board
Harlan Thomas Clyde Grainger Arthur P. Herrman

San Diego Chapter

President Wm. Templeton Johnson

Vice-President Robert W. Snyder

Secretary C H. Mills

Treasurer Ray Alderson

Directors
Louis J. Gill Hammond W. Whitsitt

&m Jfrancisco Ardntectural Club

130 Kearny Street

President C. Jefferson Sly

Vice-President Donnell E. Jaekle

Secretary D. E. Reinoehl

Treasurer Sterling Carter

Directors

F. A. Reynaud S. C. Leonhauser R. Nordin

HoS Angeles Architectural Club

President Sumner Spaulding

Vice-Presidents:

Fitch Haskell, Ralph Flewelling, Luis Payo

Treasurer Kemper Nomland

Secretary ReneMussa

Directors

Tyler McWhorter J. E. Stanton Robt. Lockwood

Manager, George P. Hales

l^asbington «£tate ^ocietp of Architects

President John S. Hudson

First Vice-President Julius A. Zittle

Second Vice-President .... Stanley A. Smith

Third Vice-President R. M. Thorne

Fourth Vice-President R. C Stanley

Secretary L. F. Hauser

Treasurer H. G. Hammond

Trustees
E. Glen Morgan O. F. Nelson

H. H. James Wm. J. Jones

^ocietp of Alameba Count? Arcbitects

President William E. Schirmer

Vice-President Morton Williams

Secretary-Treasurer W. R. Yelland

Directors
W. G. Corlett J. J. Donovan

W. R. Yelland Jas. T. Narbitt

Society of Sacramento Architects

President William E. Schirmer

Vice-President Morton Williams

Secretary-Treasurer W. R. Yelland

Hong 2freacb Architectural Club

President Hugh R. Davies

Vice-President Cecil Schilling

Secretary and Treasurer . . . Joseph H. Roberts

$asabena Architectural €lub

President Edward Mussa

Vice-President Richard W. Ware

Secretary Roy Parkes

Treasurer Arthur E. Fisk

Executive Committee
Mark W. Ellsworth Edwin L. Westberg Orrin F. Stone

State AHHOriatton (Ealtfornta ArrhfartH

President Albert J. Evers, San Francisco

Vice-President . . . Robert H. Orr, Los Angeles

Secretary A. M. Edelman, Los Angeles

Treasurer .... W. I. Garren, San Francisco

Executive Board (Northern Section)

Albert J. Evers H. C Allen Chester H. Miller

W. I. Garren

Robert H. Orr

(Southern Section)

Louis J. Gill

Harold Burkett

A. M. Edelman

Directors (Northern Section)
Henry Collins, Palo Alto; Ernest Norberg, San Mateo;
Henry H. Gutterson, San Francisco; L. C. Perry, Vallejo.

Directors (Southern Section)
R. D. King, Santa Monica; Everett Parks, Anaheim;
J. A. Murray, Hollywood; Herbert J. Mann, San Diego.

San lirgn ano Jntperial (ftountu Society

State Association of California Architects

537 Spreckels Theater Building,
San Diego, Calif.

President Herbert J. Mann

Vice-President Eugene Hoffman

Secretary-Treasurer .... Robert R. Curtis

Executive Board

Herbert J. Mann Eugene Hoffman Robert R. Curtis

Louis J. Gill William P. Lodge

Ways and Means Committee

Robert Halley, Jr. Frank L. Hope, Jr.

Hammond W. Whitsitt

77ic Arcliitcct and Engineer, February, 1932

American J>orietj> landscape Hrctjiterta

Pacific Coast Chapter

President George Gibbs

Vice-President L. Deming Tilton

Secretary Professor J. W. Gregg

Treasurer Chas. H. Diggs

Members Executive Committee
Ralph D. Cornell Geo. D. Hall

grcfjitectsi league of ^ollptoooo

6520 Sunset Boulevard

Hollywood, California

President L. G. Scherer

Vice-President Verner McClurg

Secretary-Treasurer J. A. Murrey

Directors

Ralph Flewelling, M. L. Barker, James T. Handley,

Donald F. Shugart and John Roth

Hrcfjttectural examiners

Northern District

Phelan Building, San Francisco
President ------- Albert J. Evers

Secretary ------ Henry H. Gutterson

Members
Warren C. Perry Frederick H. Meyer C. J. Ryland

Southern District

1124 Associated Realty Building, Los Angeles

President John C. Austin

Secretary and Treasurer . . . A. M. Edelman

Members
John Parkinson Louis J. Gill H. C. Chambers

§§>tate Poarb of engineer examiners

President H. J. Brunnier, San Francisco

Vice-President . . . Donald M. Baker, Los Angeles

Secretary Albert- Givan, Sacramento

Ass't Secretary . . . Ralph J. Reed, Los Angeles

S»tmrtural iEnginrpra Aaaoriation

of Northern California

President H. J. Brunnier

Vice-President C. H. Snyder

Secretary-Treasurer A. B. Saph, Jr.

Board of Directors

Walter Huber A. B. Saph, Jr. H. J. Brunnier

C. H. Snyder Harold B. Hammill

The Architect and Engineer, February, 1932

business to pirate the brains and ideas of prom-
ising young architects.

"Plucked out of a good office, the young man
feels for a time that he is ready to grapple with
almost any problem. The owner, probably a
shrewd business man, gets the utmost out of the
immature young technician, in many cases assum-
ing the glory for the accomplishments of his man.
"The youngster's income has been increased so
generously that he remains satisfied for a while.
Then, inevitably, if he has the right stuff in him,
he begins to appreciate the futility of this ill-bal-
anced, transitory kind of work. The owner has
been profiting by the fine enthusiasm and talents
of the youngster, but, after the bloom of youth
has been stolen from him, the young architect is
obliged to settle down to a jog trot, and perhaps
a completely frustrated career.

"He has been ruined by the promise of immed-
iate monetary and professional reward. Too late
he must come to realize that he is the victim of a
destructive system.

"Destructive because the young man is far from
being the only victim. The whole field of archi-
tects suffers. There are too many architects — that
is the first evil in itself — and the present system
of pirating by the individual owner is doubtless the
most aggravating and most disturbing element in
present-day conditions.

"I cannot offer a solution for this problem; no
mere formula will suffice. I do not see any funda-
mental faults in the schooling of the architect,
that is, his academic schooling. As I have indi-
cated in my idea of the three-fold character of
the modern architect's functions, the fault lies
rather in the activities of the post-school period.

"The suggestion has been made that the archi-
tect's school curriculum follow more closely that
of the lawyer and doctor, by providing for a
lengthier post-graduation period. That theory
may be correct but I believe that the individual
will have to work out his own professional salva-
tion. Many a fine man will fall by the wayside
in the struggle, that is the fate of some of the
most brilliant men in all the professions.

"You ask me, how can the young architect
secure the kind of business training I have cited?
"How does any banker or manufacturer get his
training? Not in school altogether; he must live
in the right environment, he must become satur-
ated with his work. Architecture is no different
in its new business aspects.

"The architect is not only the leader of the
group of three: himself, his structural engineer,
and his mechanical engineer. He is not only
obliged to master the three functions f have men-
tioned, design, construction, and business; he is

MODERN

WINDOW

CRAFT

Designed by craftsmen and made with ma-
chine precision by America's oldest and
largest steel window manufacturer, Fenestra
"Fenmark" windows lend dignity, beauty
and convenience to the finest architectural
structure.

Combinations of movable and fixed
panels offer a wide latitude in arrangement,

appearance, dimension and amount of ven-
tilation. The new tilting-in ventilator at the
sill — a self-contained wind guard — is
especially popular. Vertical swing leaves
open and close easily, silently, on bronze
hinge-bearings, and are locked, weather-
tight, by solid bronze hardware, without
touching the Fenestra inside screens.

DETROIT STEEL PRODUCTS COMPANY • Coast Factory: Oakland
Branches: San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle

SCREENED FENMARK WINDOWS

The Architect and Engineer. February. 1932

cSndex to Advertisers

CLASSIFIED LIST OF ADVERTISERS ON PAGES 111. 112. 113. 114

Ame

Marble Co.

104

American Rolling Mill 109

American Telephone & Telegraph Co. 5

Anderson and Ringrose 110

Apex Mfg. Co 10S

Armstrong Cork Co 2

Baker & Prussia 105

Bass-Heuter Paint Co Back Cover

Bonded Floors *

Brown Hardwood Co., G. H 104

Cabot Inc., Samuel

California Shade Cloth Co.-,

Central Alloy Steel Corp

Clark & Sons, N

Clervi Marble & Mosaic Co.

Clinton Construction Co

Congoleum-Nairn, Inc.

Cook Marble Co.. Ray

Crane Company

Cutler Mail Chute

Cobbledick, Kibbe Glass Co.

Davey Tree Surgery Co., Ltd 6

Detroit Steel Products Co _ 108

Dahlstrom Metallic Door Company *

Del Monte Properties 104

Dickey Clay Mfg. Co., W. S 104

Dinwiddie Construction Co 110

Dohrmann Supply Co. _ 103

El Key Products Co.

Fink & Schindler Co 107

Forderer Cornice Works 106

Fenestra Steel Sash 108

Garnett Young & Company _ 106

General Roofing Co 108

Gladding Bros. Mfg. Co 104

Gladding McBean & Co 11

Golden Gate Materials Co 104

Grace. John *

Grinnell Company of the Pacific 105

Gunn, Carle & Company 94

Hammond, M. E 108

Hately & Hately _ 106

Haws Sanitary Drinking Faucet Co 95

Hunt Co.. Robert W 106

Hunter & Hudson 107

Jensen, G. P. W 108

Johnson Co., S. T 103

Johns-Manville Co 93

Johnson Service Co 3

Judson, Pacific Co 102

Kawneer Mfg. Co 96

Kennerson Mfg. Co. 92

Kewanee Co 104

Knowles. A 105

Kraftile Co 101

Lannom Bros. Mfg. Co.

Larsen & Larsen

Leather Mat Mfg. Co

Lesher, Hoyt M

Lindgren, Swinerton, In<

MacDonald & Kahn 110

MacGruer & Co 90

Mangrum-Holbrook Co 105

Marshall & Stearns 106

Master Builders 101

McClintic-Marshall Co Ill

McCormick Lumber. Co 110

McLeran & Co., E 109

McNear Brick Co 108

Medusa Portland Cement Co *

Mercury Press 105

Michel & Pfeffer 105

Mueller Company 99

Mullen Manufacturing Co 10S

Musto Sons Keenan Co., Joseph 104

Nason & Co., R. N 97

National Lacquer Co., Ltd 94

National Lead Company Back Cover

National Steel Fabric Co 7

Ocean Shore Iron Works 107

Otis Elevator Company 2nd Cover

Pacific Coast Engineering Co Ill

Pacific Coast Electrical Bureau.. ..3rd Cover

Pacific Coast Gas Association 103

Pacific Coast Steel Corp 80

Pacific Foundry Co 85

Pacific Manufacturing Co 109

*Appears alternate months

Pacific Metals Co., Ltd 85

Pacific Portland Cement Co 12

Palace Hardware Co 110

Palm Iron & Bridge Works Ill

ParaiTine Companies 1

Parker Co.. Inc., K. E 107

Peelle Company 96

Picard, Inc., W. H 110

Pittsburg Water Heater Co 102

Quandt & Sons, A.

Reading Iron Company

Richmond Pressed Brick Company

Sandoval Sales Co. _ 10S

Santa Fe Lumber Company Ill

Simonds Machinery Company 109

Sisalkraft Co 86

Sloane, W. & J 102

Soule Steel Co 99

Stanley Works. The - *

Steelform Contracting Co 107

Stockholm & Sons 104

Sunset Lumber Co 109

Tompkins-Kiel Marble Co.
Tormey Company, The ....

United Materials Co

Volker & Co.. Wm

107

Vaughan-G. E. Witt Co

101

Vermont Marble Co

100

Villadsen Bros., Inc

105

Walker-Wilkeson Sandstone

Walter & Co.. D. N. & E

Wayland Co., Ltd

Weber & Co.. C. F

Weir Electric Appliance Co

Wells Fargo Bank

Western Iron Works

Westinghouse Elec. & Mfg. Co.

Williams Co.. G. W

Wood Lumber Co., E. K

Young & Horstmeyt

The Architect and Engineer, February, 1932

<JMore ^Beauty
Longer Life —
Lower Cost

House at Portland. Oregon. Kirtland Cutter. A rcbitect, Long Beach.

California. Roof Shingles stained with Cabot's Creosote Shingle and

Wood Stains, Brickwork painted with Cabot 's Old Virginia White

Collopakes, Cabot's Quilt used for Sound-Deadening.

WHEN Cabot's Creosote Shingle and Wood
Stains are used on shingle roofs or siding,
their unfading colors last as long as the wood itself.
Because of the way they are made, the stains enter
the wood, preserving its texture instead of con-
cealing it with a painty film.

Their beauty lasts still longer because Cabot's
Stains are made with genuine refined creosote
which usually doubles the natural life of the wood.
For example, a house at Cohasset, Mass. had a
shingled roof and side walls finished with Cabot's
Creosote Shingle and Wood Stains in 1892. At
this writing, all shingles on roof and side walls
are in good condition and all are in place.

Finally, Cabot's Stains are low in cost and are
applied rapidly and economically.

Cabot's

Creosote Shingle and Wood

Stains

Made by the makers of
Cabot's Heat-Insulating, Sound-Deadening "Quilt"

AI.'.l.'.l,M.'.l.'.l.'.l.i.l.i.M.l.i.l.i.u.l.i.l.i.lJ.l.i.l.i.l,i.l.i.i.i.i,T.n

J JoLolJI £<&&£- 141 Milk Street> Bos^n |

Inr.

Please send me color card and information
on Cabot's Stains

3 Name .
i AJJrt,

vi.r.T.ivivian

also compelled to practice or understand the
highly complicated details of modern finance.

"He must be equipped to cope with that mod-
ern business phenomenon, the speculative builder.
He must be prepared to act as a leader in the
ferocious competition of the building industry.
Like farming, building remains in the stage of
jungle competition; fortunes in building are
always made indirectly. He must have vast re-
sources of information and equipment to avoid
the terrific waste which accompanies competitive
building.

"Nowadays the architect, the builder, and the
owner must work and live together if they wish
to construct a building according to the best
standards. Whether on a low bid. competitive
bidding, or operating on a cost-saving and profit-
sharing basis, these three factors must forget their
separate interests and work only to complete the
job. The cooperation of the intelligent architect
and the skillful builder effects the big. the true
economies in construction; these savings are made
when the plans are being drawn, not later.

"As the architect is charged with the task of
translating the owner's conceptions into plans and
specifications he finds that he is serving every-
body's best interests by working with the builder
from the outset.

"The assumption of costs by the architect is
usually the signal for a train of trouble and mis-
understanding. I am not referring, of course, to
those offices which have the same facilities for
computing accurate costs as the builder, for these
architects are also operating as builders. It is
an inescapable fact that, to secure best results,
the architect and the builder must work together
from the beginning of every job.

"I have remarked that our cities are being
recreated, giving new and almost unlimited op-
portunties to the equipped architect.

"The decline in the number of smaller struc-
tures in the average American city, and the grow-
ing popularity of the multiple-use building, offer
full scope to the ingenuity of the modern archi-
tect.

"For example, let the architect organize the
twenty owners of a typical block in New York
and subordinate these individuals to the cause
of a unified structure.

"That is a typical problem of this new age of
building economics."

PIEDMONT RESIDENCE
A new residence in Piedmont has been planned
by Sidney B.. Noble and Archie T. Newsom. Russ
Building. San Francisco, for J. J. Hollenbeck. The
house will be English and will cost in the neigh-
borhood of $50,000.

The Architect and Engineer. February. 1932

SIXTY-FIFTH A. I. A. MEETING

The Sixty-fifth convention which will mark
the 75th anniversary of the American Institute
of Architects, will be held in Washington, D. C,
April 27-29. The program is now in the making,
according to Frank C. Baldwin. Secretary of the
Institute.

One of the major subjects for consideration
and action by the convention will be the pro-
posed unification of the architectural profession.
Two committees — one representing the Institute,
headed by Edwin Bergstrom, of Los Angeles, and
another representing the State Societies, headed
by Robert H. Orr. of Los Angeles — have been
steadily at work since the San Antonio conven-
tion. They have had the difficult problem of
developing a basic plan on which all important
groups can agree. That plan must include those
basic principles of organization necessary for a
real unification of the architects of the United
States. The two committees have had meetings,
and have conducted an extensive correspondence.

It is hoped that the unification report and
amendments can be submitted to the Chapters
during the month of March, and in ample time
for discussion and consideration before the con-
vention.

Another important convention feature will be
a session devoted to many phases of site plan-
ning and housing, under the leadership of Fred-
erick Bigger, chairman of the special committee
on economics of site planning and housing. At
this session W. R. B. Willcox. F. A. I. A., of
Eugene, Oregon, will make a report which should
be of great interest to every delegate, not only
as an architect but as a citizen. He will discuss
"The Effect of Various Methods of Taxation
Upon Architectural Practice", a subject which
should develop the sentiment of the architectural
profession with respect to a problem which has
become a critical one in our national and com-
munity affairs.

As heretofore, there will be an evening session
devoted to architectural education, under the
auspices of the committee on education — Charles
Butler, chairman.

Another session of the convention will be al-
lotted to consideration of the Plan of Washing-
ton, under the auspices of the Committee on the
National Capital — Horace W. Peaslee, chairman.

It is quite probable that the Committee on Con-
stitution and By-Laws — Edwin Bergstrom, chair-
man— will have a series of general amendments
to the by-laws, with the object of improving the
administrative procedure of the Institute and
more closely coordinating its activities. These
amendments if ready for consideration will be

MONEL

in the
MEAT INDUSTRY

"Monel" always used where
cleanliness, durability, appear-
ance are of major importance.

Met At- _^

PACIFIC METALS COMPANY, Ltd.
PACIFIC FOUNDRY COMPANY, Ltd.

3100 Nineteenth Street
San Francisco

551 Fifth Avenue
New York

470 East Third Street
Los Angeles, Calif.

The Arcnirecr and Engineer. February, 1932

sent to all of the Chapters at least a month be-
fore the convention.

The convention will conclude with a dinner,
which may take the form of a celebration in honor
of the Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the Institute.

ARE THERE TOO MANY?
The recent proposal by Gerard Swope, that
scientific production control methods be applied
to each industry as a whole in order that the
quantity of goods produced will be in line with
actual consumption needs, prompts the thought
that some study might well be given to the prob-
lem of adjusting the number of architectural
graduates annually turned out by the schools to
the actual needs of the profession for such men.
Of course, in times like these, it is obvious that
there are too many, but we have an idea that,
even in the years before the depression began,
there was increasingly an over-supply of holders
of architectural degrees turned loose upon the
world each spring. Now that we are in the midst
of the doldrums and have hundreds and even
thousands of draftsmen out of work, the time
would seem ripe for a survey to be made, per-
haps by the Association of Collegiate Schools of
Architecture, to determine the approximate annual

capacity of the profession to absorb the men the
schools are preparing. If any such numerical esti-
mate were made and compared with the present
enrollment in the schools, we suspect it would
point to the logic of working for a decrease in
the number of students.

Up to the present, most of the schools have
been endeavoring to grow in size. Growth pleased
the trustees. Our American passion for bigness
asserted itself. Each institution pointed with pride
to its annual increase in enrollment. That was all
very well while the profession itself was growing.
But have we not yet reached the saturation point?
Do we not hear frequent assertions that there are
too many architects, even in normal years? Why,
then, would it not be a good idea to take account
of stock, find out where we stand, and then, if
necessary, begin an adjustment?

A few schools have already adopted a limited
enrollment policy. Only a certain number of
undergraduate students are allowed and of these
an even smaller number are permitted to go on
with graduate work. The result, in these in-
stances, is to raise the standards and weed out
the less gifted material. If this practice were uni-
versal throughout all our architectural schools it
might be of benefit to all — and not least to those
who were weeded out. These would be forced

For any Concrete slab—

SKALKRAFT

REG. U. S. PAT. OFFICE

Similkrnft in companetl af cranned

laymrt nfalaal fibre* tmbmddmd in
atphahum «n»/ covered by /«»

of h*avy kmft paper. The «
Itructton in exeluxive. Mini,- in
roll* 8, I, St (> and 7 fv,t wide.

protects AS IT CURES!

SPREAD on as soon as the concrete is set, Sisalkraft provides a water-
proof cover which keeps in the moisture necessary for curing, and
at the same lime provides a protection that keeps out the dirt while
the slab is being walked on, worked on, and otherwise abused. When
the job is finished, Sisalkraft is rolled up, taking with it all the dirt,
dust, oil and grease stains . . . leaving only a clean, hard, dense con-
crete surface. It is a simple, trouble-free method of handling concrete
curing . . . far more economical than for any other way of securing
comparable results.

Architects and contractors recommend Sisalkraft because they know
it has adequate strength and toughness. Its non-elastic sisal fibres im-
bedded in asphalt and covered with heavy kraft paper make it prac-
tically wearproof. Sisalkraft is not affected by the weather ... it
remains pliable in winter and does not get sticky in summer. This
tough, rugged paper is clean and easy to handle, and is applied with
ease, under all conditions.

Get a sample of Sisalkraft from your nearest dealer. Tear it clear
across . . . give it every test . . . examine its reenforced construction.
See for yourself why Sisalkraft has no equal as a protective paper . . .
and why it is really "more than a building paper."

Write for illustrated folder on the protection of new concrete. It de-
scribes this economical method of producing better jobs.

THE SISALKRAFT € O.

205 West Wacker Drive (Canal Station), Chicago, 111.

55 New Montgomery Street, San Francisco, Calif.

The Architect and Engineer, February, 1932

Estimator's Guide

Lg Cost of Building Materials, Wage Scale, Etc.

Amounts quoted are figuring prices and are made up from average quotations
furnished by material houses to three leading contracting firms of San Francisco.

This Month — Prices more steady. U. S. Government enforcing Wage Scale on Government Contracts

Overtime in wage scale should be
credited with time and a half. Sunday
and holidays double.

Bond — 1%% amount of contract.

Brickwork —

Common, $30 to $35 per 1000 laid,
(according to class of work).

Face, $65 to $85 per 1000 laid, (ac-
cording to class of work).

Brick Steps, using pressed brick,
$.85 lin. ft.

Brick Walls, using pressed brick on
edge, 55c sq. ft. (Foundations ex-
tra.)

Brick Veneer on frame buildings,
$.60 sq. ft.

Common, f. o. b. cars, $14.00 plus
cartage.

Face, f.o.b. cars, $40.00 per 1000,
carload lots.
HOLLOW TILE FIREPROOFING (f.o.b. job)

3x12x12 in $ 68.00 per M

4x12x12 in 76.50 per M

6x12x12 in 105.00 per M

8x12x12 in 170.00 per M

HOLLOW BUILDING TILE (f.o.b. job)
carload lots).

8x12x5% $76.50

6x12x5% 59.50

Composition Floors — 18c to 30c per
sq. ft. In large quantities, 18c per
sq. ft. laid.

Mosaic Floors — 80c per sq. ft.

Duraflex Floor— 23c to 30c sq. ft.

Rubber Tile — 50c per sq. ft.

Terazzo Floors — 40c to &5c per sq. ft.

Terazzo Steps— $1.50 lin. ft.

Concrete Work (material at San Fran-
cisco bunkers) — ■ Quotations below
20Q0 lbs. to the ton.

No. 3 rock, at bunkers $1.65 per ton

No. 4 rock, at bunkers 1.65 per ton

Elliott top gravel, at bnkrs. 1.75 per ton
Washed gravel, at bunkrs 1.75 per ton
Eliott top gravel, at bnkrs. 1.75 per ton
City gravel, at bunkers.... 1.40 per ton

River sand, at bunkers 1.50 per ton

Delivered bank sand 1.10 cu yd.

Jfote — -Above prices are subject to dis-
count of 10c per ton on invoices paid
on or before the 115th of month, fol-
lowing delivery.

SAND

Del Monte, $1.75 to $3.00 per ton.
Fan Shell Beach (car lots, f. o. b.

The Architect and Engineer, February, 1932

Lake Majella), $2.75 to $4.00 per

ton.
Cement, $2.24 per bbl. in paper sks.
Cement (f.o.b. Job, S. F.) $2.44 per

bbl.
Cement (f.o.b. Job, Oak.), $2.64 per

per bb
Rebate of 10 cents bbl. cash in 15

days.

Medusa "White" $ 8.50 per bbl.

Forms, Labors average 22.00 per M.
Average cost of concrete in place,

exclusive of forms, 28c per cu. ft.
4-inch concrete basement

floor 13c to 14c per sq. ft.

4% inch Concrete Basement

floor 13c to 14c per sq. ft.

2-inch rat-proofing.. .. 6% c per sq. ft.
Concrete Steps $1.10 per lin. ft.

Dampproofing and Waterproofing —

Two-coat work, 18c per yard.
Membrane waterproofing — 4 layers

of saturated felt, $5.00 per square.
Hot coating work, $L80 per square.
Medusa Waterproofing, 15% c per

bbl, San Francisco Warehouse.

Electric Wiring — $2.75 to $8.50 per
outlet for conduit work (including
switches).
Knob and tube average $2,215 to

$5.00 per outlet, including

switches.

Elevators —

Prices vary according to capacity,
speed and type. Consult elevator
companies. Average cost of in-
stalling an automatic elevator in
four-story building, $2450; direct
automatic, about $2400.

Excavation-
Sand, 40 cents; clay or shale, 90c

per yard.
Teams, $10.00 per day.
Trucks, $20 to $25 per day.
Above figures are an average with-
out water. Steam shovel work in
large quantities, less; hard ma-
terial, such as rock, will run con-
siderably more.

Fire Escapes —

Ten-foot balcony, with stairs,
$65.00 per balcony.

Glass (consult with manufacturers) —
Double strength window glass, 15c

per square foot.
Quartz Lite, 50c per square foot.

Plate 80c per square foot.
Art, $1.00 up per square foot.
Wire (for skylights), 27c per square

foot.
Obscure glass, 2:5c square foot.
Note — Add extra for setting.

Heating —

Average, $1.60 per sq. ft. of radia-
tion, according to conditions.

Iron — Cost of ornamental iron, cast

iron, etc., depends on designs.
Lumber (prices delivered to bldg. site)
Common, $21.00 per M (average).
Common O. P. select, average, $26.00
per M.

1x6 No. 3— Form Lumber $15.00 per M

1 x 4 No. 1 flooring VG 55.00 per M

1x4 No. 2 flooring 46.00 per M

1x4 No. 3 flooring 40.00 per M

1 x 6 No. 2 flooring S45.0II psr M

l'4x4 and 6 No. 2 flooring 55.00 per M

Slash grain —

1x4 No. 2 flooring ..._ $35.00 per M

1x4 No. 3 flooring 32.00 per M

No. 1 common run to T. & G 28.00 per M

Lath 5.00 per M

Shingles (add cartage to prices
quoted) —

Redwood. No. 1 $ .85 per bdle.

Redwood, No. 2 ...- 65 per bdle.

Red Cedar - 85 per bdle.

Hardwood Flooring (delivered to
building) — -

13-16x314" T & G Maple $105.00 M ft.

1 1-16x214" T & G Maple 135.00 M ft.

%x3% SQ- edge Maple 122.50 M ft.

13-16x2V4" %x2" 5-16x2"
T&G T&G Sq.Ed.

Clr. Qtd. Oak ....$175.00 M $125.00 M $158 M
Sel. Qtd. Oak .... 115.00 M 95.00 M 110 M
Clr. Pla. Oak .... 110.00 M S7.00 M 95 M
Sel. Pla. Oak _ 106.00 M 68.00 M 82 M

Clear Maple 110.00 M 82.00 M

Laying & Finishing 16c ft. 15c ft. 13c ft.
Wage — Floor layers, $9.00 per day.

Bnilding Paper —

1 ply per 1000 ft. roll $2.80

2 ply per 1000 ft. roll - - 4.2'1

3 plv per 1000 ft. roll _ 6.50

Sisalkraft, 500 ft. roll - -... 5.50

Sash cord com. No. 7 $1.00 per 100 ft.

Sash cord com. No. 8 1.10 per 100 ft.

Sash cord spot No. 7 1.60 per 100 ft.

Sash cord spot No. 8 — 1.90 per 100 ft.

Sash weights cast iron, $45.00 ton

Nails. S2.S5 base.
Belgian nails, $2.60 base.

Millwork —

O. P. $72.50 per 1000. R. W., $76.00

per 1000 (delivered).
Double hung box window frames,

average, with trim, $5.00 and np.

each.
Doors, including trim (single panel,

1% in. Oregon pine) $5.75 and up,

each.
Doors, including trim (five panel,

1% in. Oregon pine) $5.50 each.
Screen doors, $3.50 each.
Patent screen windows, 20c a sq. ft.
Cases for kitchen pantries seven ft.

high, per lineal ft., $4.25 each.
Dining room cases, $5.25 per lineal

foot.
Labor — Rough carpentry, warehouse

heavy framing (average), $11.00

per M.
For smaller work, average, $22 to

$30 per 1000.

NOTE — Above quotations are for Ts inch
in larj;e slabs f.o.b. factory.
Prices on all other classes of work should
be obtained from the manufacturers.

Floor Tile — Set in place.

Verde Antique $2.50 sq. ft.

Tennessee 1.50 sq.ft.

Alaska 1.35 sq. ft.

Columbia 1.45 sq. ft.

Yule Colorado 1.45 sq. ft.

Travertine 1-W sq. tt

Painting —

Two-coat work 27c per yard

Three-coat work 36c per yard

Cold Water Painting 8c per yard

Whitewashing 4c per yard

Turpentine. S5c per gal, in cans and

9i per gal. in drums.
Raw Linseed Oil — 71c gal. in bbls.
Boiled Linseed Oil — 72c gal. in bbls.
Medusa Portland Cement Paint, 20c
per lb.

Carter or Dutch Boy White Lead in

Oil (in steel kegs).

Per Lb.
1 ton lots. 100 lbs. net weight 10%c
500 lb. and less than 1 ton lots 12c
Less than 500 lb. lots 10%c

Dutch Boy Dry Red Lead and
Litharge (in steel kegs).

1 ton lots. 100 lb. kegs, net wt. 10%c
500 lb. and less than 1 ton lots 12c
Less than 500 lb. lots 10%c

Red Lead in Oil (in steel kegs)

1 ton lots, 100 lb. kegs, net. wt. 12c
Sim lb. and less than 1 ton lots 12%c
Less than 500 lb. lots 12%c

Note — Accessibility and conditions
cause wide variance of costs.

Patent Chimneys —

6-inch $1.00 lineal foot

S-inch 1.50 lineal foot

10-inch 1.85 lineal foot

12-inch 2.10 lineal foot

Pipe Casings — 12" long (average),
$8.00 each. Each additional inch 10c.

Plastering — Interior —

Yard

1 coat, brown mortar only, wood lath... $0.36

2 coats, lime mortar hard finish, wood
lath 45

2 coats, hard wall plaster, wood lath 50

3 coats, metal lath and plaster 90

Keene cement on metal lath 1.10

Ceilings with % hot roll channels metal

lath 65

Ceilings with % hot roll channels metal

lath plastered 1.30

Shingle partition % channel lath 1 side .60
Single partition % channel lath 2 sides

2 inches thick 2.00

4-inch double partition % channel lath

2 sides 1.20

4-inch double partition % channel lath

2 sides plastered -~ „„ 2.25

Plastering — Exterior —

Yard
2 coats cement finish, brick or con-
crete wall _ % .90

2 coats Atlas cement, brick or con-
crete wall 1.15

3 coats cement finish No. 18 gauge
wire mesh _ 1.60

3 coats Medusa finish No. IS gauge

wire mesh 2.90

Wood lath. $4.00 per 1000.

2.5-Ib. metal lath (dipped) 15

2.6-lb. metal lath (galvanized) IS

3.4-lb. metal lath (dipped) 20

3.4-lb. metal lath (galvanized) 25

94-inch hot roll channels, $45 per ton.

Finish plaster, $16.40 ton ; in paper sacks,
Dealer's commission, $1.00 off above

quotations.

$13. S5 (rebate 10c sack).
Lime, f.o.b. warehouse, $2.25bbl. ;cars, $2.15
Lime, bulk (ton 2000 lbs.). $16.00 ton.
Wall Board 5 ply. $43.00 per M.
Hydrate Lime. $19.50 ton.

1932 Wage Schedule for San Francisco Building Trades

ESTABLISHED BY THE IMPARTIAL WAGE BOARD OCTOBER 17, 1931.

This smlc is to be considered as a minimum and employees of superior skill and

craft knowledge may be paid in excess of the amounts set forth herein.

Joumeyme

I "H Mechanic

Asbestos Workers . $ 8.00

Bricklayer- 1 LOO

Bricklayers' Hodcarricrs 7^00

Cabinet Workers (Shop) 7,50

Cabinet Workers (Outside) 9.00

1 i on Workers (Open) 8 00

' arpenters 9.00

I emenl Finishers 9.00

< .irk Insulation Workers 9 00

Electric Workers 9 00

Electrical Fixture Hangers " s!oo

1 onstructors 10 00

Engineers, Portable and Moisting. 9.00
Gla i U orkers g.50

Hardw I Floormen ..' 9'oo

I '"'■"- ... 8^00

iths, Architectural Iron . 9.00
Housesmiths, Reinforced Concrete,

or RorJmen 9 00

I".-, Workers 1 Bridge and Struc-
tural), including Engineers 11.00

<taj ■" ek) s 50

Channel Iron tn'oO

Ml Other '" 8'5o

Marble setters . i000

Marble Cutters and 1 opera .'.'. s'.OO

Marble Bed Rubbers 7 50

Marble Polishers and Finishers 7 00

Mi men. Planing Mill Dept. 7 00

M, men Sash and Door . 6.00

} ,! "rt,'\ 9°°

Model Makers in nn

Model Casters 900

M" o, .,,,,1 Tcrra/zo Worker- 900

Journeymen
CRAFT Mechanics Helpers

Painters, Varnishers and Polishers

(Shop) $ 7.50 $

Painters, Varnishers and Polishers

(Outside) 9.00

Pile Drivers and Wharf Builders.. 9.00

Pile Drivers Engineers 10.00

Plasterers 11.00

Plasterers' Hodcarricrs ... 7 50

Plumbers 10.00

Roofers. Composition 8 00

Roofers, All Others 8.00

Sheel Metal Workers 9.00

Sprinkler Filters 11.00

Steam Fitters 10.00

Stair Builders ~ g|oO

Steel Pan, Concrete 7. 00

Stone Cutters, Soft and Granite... 8.50 '.

some setters, Soft and Granite... 9.00

stoni I arvers 8.50

Stone Derrickmen 900

Tile Setters '.'.' 10.'o0 "ti'OO

I ile. Cork and Rubber 9. 00

Auto Truck Drivers —

Less than 2,500 lbs 6 00

Auto Truck Drivers

2,500 lbs. to 4.500 lbs 6 50

Auto Truck Drivers —

4.500 lbs. to 6,500 lbs 7.00

Auto I ruck Drivers —

6,500 IIk. anil over 7. 50

General Teamster-. 1 Morse 6 00

Gi neral reamsters, 2 Horses . 6.50

General Teamsters, 4 horses,. 7. 00

Plow reamsters, 4 Horse 7 00

x' rapei 1,.0,,-ie, i, ! Horses . 6.50

Scraper Teamsters, 4 Horses 6.50

Composition Stucco — $1.35 to $1.75 per
sq. yard (applied).

Plnnibiiif; —

From $58.00 per fixture up, accord-
ing to grade, quantity and runs.

Roofing —

"Standard" tar and gravel, $5.00 per
square for 30 squares or over.

Less than 30 squares. $5.25 per sq.

Tile, $17.0'0 to $30.00 per square.

Redwood Shingles, $11.00 per square
in place.

Cedar Shingles, $10 sq. in place.

Recoat, with Gravel, $3.00 per sq.

Sheet Metal-
Windows — Metal, $1.80 a sq. foot.
Fire doors (average), including
hardware, $2.00 per sq. ft.

Skylights-
Copper, $1.00 sq. ft. (not glazed).
Galvanized iron, 25c sq. ft. (not
glazed).

Stone-
Granite, average, $7.00 cu. foot in

place.
Sandstone, average Blue, $3.50;

Boise, $2.60 sq. ft. in place.
Indiana Limestone, $2.60 per sq. ft.

in place.

Store Fronts —

Copper sash bars for store fronts.

corner, center and around sides.

will average 70c per lineal foot
Note — Consult with agents.

GENERAL WORKING CONDITIONS—

1. Eight hours shall constitute a day's work
for all crafts, except as otherwise noted.

2. Plasterers' Hodcarricrs, Bricklayers' Hodcar-
ricrs, Roofers' Laborers and Engineers, Portable
and Hoisting, shall start 15 minutes before other
workmen, both at morning and at noon.

3. Five days, consisting of not more than
eight hours a day, on Monday to Friday inclu-
sive, shall constitute a week's work.

4. The wages set forth herein shall be con-
sidered as net wages.

5. Transportation costs in excess of twenty-five
cents each way shall be paid by the contractor.

6. Traveling time in excess of one and one-half
hours each way shall be paid for at straight
time rates.

7. Overtime shall be paid as follows: For the
first four hours after the first eight hours, time
and one-half. All time thereafter shall be paid
double time. Saturdays (except Laborers). Sun-
days and Holidays from 12 midnight of the pre-
ceding day. shall be paid double time.

8. On Saturday Laborers shall be paid straight
time for an eight-hour day.

9. Where two shifts are worked in any twenty-
four hours, shift time shall be straight time.
Where three shifts are worked, eight hours' pay
shall be paid for seven hours on the second and
third shifts.

10. All work, except as noted in paragraph 11,
shall be performed between the hours of 8 a. m.
and 5 p. m.

11. In emergencies, where premises cannot be
vacated until the close of business, men then
reporting (or work shall work at straight time.
Any work performed on such jobs after midnight
shall be paid time and one-half up to four hours
of overtime and double time thereafter, provided,
that if a new crew is employed on Saturdays,
Sundays or Holidays which has not worked dur-
ing the five preceding working days, such crew
shall be paid time and one-half. No job can be
considered as an emergency job until it has been
registered with the Industrial Association and a
determination has been made that the job falls
within the terms of this section.

12. Recognized holidays to be: New Year's
Day, Decoration Day, Fourth of Julv, Labor
Day. Admission Day, Thanksgiving Dav, Christ-
mas Day.

13. Men ordeied to report for work, for whom
no employment is provided, shall be entitled to
two hours' pay.

14. This award shall be effective in the coun-
ties of San Francisco and Alameda.

The Architect and Engineer, February, 1932

to turn their activities to other fields where they
might well be more successful than they would be
in architecture. As it is now, many of them are
weeded out eventually through competition — but
it happens later after they have wasted more time
in something for which they are not fitted.

Of course, this is a free country, and if a man
wants to study architecture he cannot be forbid-
den to do so. If the enrollment is limited in one
school, he will go to another. If they are all full,
other schools will be started. If the standards are
raised in some schools, others will be found will-
ing to let him get a degree more easily. Such con-
ditions involve additional problems for the edu-
cators to work out.

If it should be found that too many men are
studying architecture, outlets for some of them
might be found in other phases of the building
industry. Architectural training should help rather
than hinder a man's progress toward success as a
building contractor. It should make him a more
competent unit in either the production or sales
organization of the manufacturer of building ma-
terials. Our symposium of last June brought out
a very definite need for architecturally-trained
men to act as manufacturers' representatives in
dealing with the profession. A mans interest in
architecture need not be frustrated just because
he does not continue to bend over a drafting
board. Perhaps he might be better off if he were
contacting the profession from without rather
than from within.

True, the old law of supply and demand does
function but its functioning is often painful. It
seems as though it might be helped with a little
more foresighted planning. The fact that it takes
four or five or six years to put a student through
an architectural school makes the problem a bit
more difficult. Curiously enough there was a large
class graduated last June into a field where there
were practically no jobs. Now, we find, the group
entering the schools this fall is unusually small
and this group will probably graduate into a boom
period five years hence. What is the answer?

The whole problem is a very big one, but we
should not be dismayed by its enormity. Much
serious thought has been and is being given to
it and we feel sure that eventually a better ad-
justment will be reached. It is worth tackling for
it touches in some way upon the lives of all fac-
tors in the profession — architect, draftsman,
teacher, and student. — Pencil Points.

VENTURA POST OFFICE
Harold E. Burket, 455 East Main Street, Ven-
tura, has been commissioned architect to prepare
plans for a Class A post office building in Ven-
tura at a cost of $200,000.

Metropolitan Life
Insurance Building

New York City

Architects: Waid and Corbett

Structural Engineers: Purdy and Henderson

Contractors: Starrett Brothers and Eken

FRAMEWORK OF

BETHLEHEM
SECTIONS

Subsidiary of

Bethlehem Steel
Corporation

PACIFIC COAST
STEEL
CORPORATION

General Offices: 20th and Illinois Streets. San
District Offices: Seattle, Portland, Los Angeles. Honolulu
Export Distributor: Bethlehem Steel Export Corporation,
25 Broadway, New York City

PACIFIC COAST
STEEL

CORPORATION

The Architect and Engineer, February. 1932

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and markings See samples at our shoix- rooms.

MAC GRUER
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266 Tehama Street
San Francisco

Cobbledick, Kibbe
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San Francisco and Oakland
Distributors lor Northern California

youNO *

GENERAL
CONTRACTORS

461 Market Street

San Francisco

Phone SUtter 62S7—S8
Paul B. ,i oi nc a. I.. Horstmeyer

ARCHITECT'S RESPONSIBILITY

Of importance to contractors, architects and
owners is the recent decision of the District Court
of Appeal in the case of Monson v. Fischer (5
Pac. Rep. (2d) 628).

A petition to have cause heard in the Supreme
Court, after judgment in the District Court of
Appeal, was denied by the Supreme Court.

The controversy centers about the authority of
the architect in the conduct of the work.

Martha Fischer, the owner, employed Willis
E. Lowe, architect, to prepare plans and specifi-
cations for a four-story and basement reinforced
concrete building to be erected at the Northwest
corner of 10th and Howard Streets, San Fran-
cisco. The owner had leased the proposed struc-
ture to Geo. Haas & Sons for a long term to be
used as a candy factory. By the lease, the tenant
assumed responsibility for the maintenance of the
building during occupancy and such occupancy,
it was agreed, should be deemed an admission
that it was sound and constructed in compliance
with the plans and specifications, which were
made part of the lease.

The contractors entered into a contract with
the owner for an agreed price of $124,175. The
contract consisted of two documents — one entitled
"Articles of Agreement", a printed form (A. Car-
lisle & Co. form 148), containing in addition cer-
tain typewritten stipulations. — the other desig-
nated as the "Specifications" prepared by the
architect and being entirely typewritten, was an-
nexed to the articles of agreement and by refer-
ence made a part thereof. Because of the provi-
sions of the lease, the tenant consulted an engi-
neering firm ( Smith Emery & Co. ) to observe the
work. A representative was present on each day
that the mixing and pouring of concrete continued
and took samples thereof. The owner being in-
formed of the tenant's action, did not employ in-
spection or testing engineers, being content to rely
upon the services of the architect. The architect
was not continuousuly present during pouring of
concrete.

The contractors commenced construction, com-
pleted the excavations for the basement and foot-
ing and began the pouring of the concrete. The
work had progressed to the first floor level.

On December 2, 1927, the architect notified the
contractors in writing that he had received a re-
port from the testing engineers covering two 14
day tests which indicated a crushing strength of
but 685 and 805 pounds per square inch.

On December 5, 1927, the architect delivered
his certificate that $21,504.75 was due the con-
tractors. No demand was made upon the owner

77ie Architect and Engineer, February. 1932

thereon until December 27, 1927, and after the
dispute arose.

Under the contract, the contractors upon ob-
taining the architect's certificate, would be en-
titled on December 1, 1927. to a progress payment
for work done previously to that date.

The pouring of concrete progressed intermit-
tently from November 7, 1927, to December 2,
1927. The footings, walls, sidewalk slabs and
basement columns had been poured when the
architect called a halt and subsequently ordered
the removal of all concrete work on the ground
that the same did not comply with the specifica-
tions. On December 6, 1927, the contractors were
ordered in writing to remove the concrete there-
tofore poured on the ground that the same was
defective as to materials, mix and workmanship
and did not comply with the specifications.

The contractors took issue with the architect,
asserting that the concrete was mixed and poured
in accordance with instructions given them by the
testing engineers and on the further ground that
the architect failed to report any defect in the
materials and workmanship during the progress of
the work.

Several conferences were held during which the
contractors informally suggested that the dispute
be submitted to the decision of engineers to be
appointed by the parties. This offer was refused
by the owner. The work did not progress further.

On December 24, 1927, the architect stated
that the contractors had failed to perform the
work and had neglected and refused for more
than ten days to proceed pursuant to the plans
and specifications and advised the owner that
such refusal was sufficient grounds for termina-
tion of the contract.

On January 4, 1928, the owner again notified
the contractors to proceed with the work, de-
manding the removal of the defective concrete.
She further notified them that if they did not so
proceed within five days she would terminate
their employment and take over the work as pro-
vided in the contract and complete the work her-
self.

On January 14, 1928, the owner formally term-
inated the contract. Thereafter, the contractors
made a written formal demand for arbitration.
This was refused, but, nevertheless, the arbitrator
appointed by the contractors made his finding in
their favor.

The contractors brought suit to recover the
amount of the progress payment, estimated profits
and damages. The trial court found in their favor,
rendering a judgment for $45,544.69. On appeal,
the Appellate Court reversed the judgment of the
trial court.

Another Lindgren & Swinerton, Inc.

Contract Completed

22 STORY MILLS TOWER, SAN FRANCISCO

Lewis P. Hobart, Architect

Under construction — Opera House and Veterans' Memorial
San Francisco Civic Center

Complete
the Circle of Protection

Life Insurance

plus

Life Insurance Trust

Life insurance is good — a
man should take out all
he can afford. But don't
stdp there. Remember —
life insurance provides
money — but not the abil-
ity to manage it.

The Life Insurance Trust
fills this lack — completes'
the circle of protection. It

TRUST DEPARTMENT

Wells Fargo Bank
Union Trust Co.

Since 1852

Tiuo Offices:

Market at Montgomery and

Market at Grant Avenue

SAN FRANCISCO

The Architect and Engineer, February, 1932

QUALITY
GUARANTEED!

Kennerson Manufacturing Company

361 Brannan Street San Francisco

Offices in Principal Pacific Coast Cities

Largest Pacific Coast Manufacturers of Steel Rolling Doors

YOU ARE INVITED TO INSPECT

950 FRANKLIN

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Hock dC Hoffmeyer, Masons & Builders

Charles E. J. Rogers, Architect

Apartment Building

CORNER FRANKLIN AND ELLIS STREETS, SAN FRANCISCO

Faced With

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3435 Wood Street, Oakland

The contention of the owner was that the con-
tractors were obligated to obey the order of the
architect, as his decision on the question was con-
clusive and final unless the contractors demanded
arbitration in the manner and within the time as
provided by the contract. The Appellate Court
sustained the owner and directed a reversal of
the judgment of the trial court. — Richard tum
Suden in Daily Pacific Builder.

NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CHAPTER

The regular meeting of the Northern California
Chapter, the American Institute of Architects, was
held at the St. Francis Hotel, San Francisco, on
the evening of Tuesday, January 26th.

The President, Henry H. Gutterson. reported
on the activity of the Chapter in the support of
Congressional Bill 6187, authorizing the Secre-
tary of the Treasury to employ outside architec-
tural and engineering services for the designing
of Federal Buildings.

Announcement was made of the death of Mr.
E. J. Molera (retired), honorary Chapter mem-
ber. It was directed that the sympathy of the
Chapter be conveyed to his family.

Consideration was given to the organized effort
to secure the restoration of the town of San Juan
Bautista. Expressive of its attitude in this matter,
the Chapter adopted the following resolution
which was introduced by Mr. John B. McCool.
Chairman of the Historic Landmarks Committee:

Whereas the mission and town of San Juan
Bautista constitute a monument and landmark
valuable for artistic and historic consideration,
and whereas an effort is now being made to ac-
complish the preservation and restoration of the
mission and town of San Juan Bautista, therefore:

Be It Resolved that, in regular meeting as-
sembled, the Northern California Chapter, Amer-
ican Institute of Architects, registers its apprecia-
tion and in every way desires to cooperate in this
movement:

And Be It Further Resolved that the Chapter
thru its committee on historic landmarks will offer
competent architectural advice in connection with
the statewide enterprise.

A discussion was held on a proposal now be-
fore the directors of the Institute to modify the
initiation fee and the time for payment of Insti-
tute dues. It was directed that the Chapter's ap-
proval of this change be forwarded to the Insti-
tute.

The attention of members was called to the
approaching Convention of the Institute in Wash-
ington, D. C, on April 27-28-29. It is desired
that the Chapter be well represented by dele-
gates and any who might possibly attend in this
capacity were requested to keep the date in mind.

Miss Phyllida Ashley rendered several groups

The Architect and Engineer, February. 1932

of piano selections. Miss Ashley is recognized
as an outstanding artist in the field of music and
her performance afforded a pleasure of high
degree.

The meeting was in nature a dinner and re-
ception tendered to the newly appointed members
of the San Francisco Art Commission.

Responses apropos of the expected functioning
of the Art Commission and its influence on the
ultimate beautification of the city were made by
the following commissioners and guests: Lewis
P. Hobart, Chairman, Mrs. Gertrude Atherton,
Alfred A. Greenbaum, Emerson Knight, John
Bakewell. Jr., W. W. Chapin, President of the
City Planning Commission, Laurance I. Scott.
President of the San Francisco Federation of
Arts, and Capt. B. P. Lamb, Secretary of the
Commission.

Urgent improvements which are important to
the artistic welfare of the city were outlined by
Henry H. Gutterson, President of the Chapter,
and G. Frederic Ashley, Chairman of its Fine
Arts Committee. This suggested program of
beautification, as recommended by the Chapter,
will be tendered to the Art Commission for its
consideration. — J. H. M.

VFUR architectural representatives are
competent to serve you with expert ad-
vice on the proper application of the
many Johns-Manville products which
enter into building.

Address — Architectural Service De-
partment, Johns-Manville, 292 Madison
Avenue, New York City.

A $6000 HOUSE FOR $5000

With building costs now more than 25 per cent
below the level of 1926, $5000 will buy a better
type of house than $6200 did five years ago,
Harry E. Leimert told members of the Oakland
Real Estate Board. Mr. Leimert is chairman of
the home building committee of the board, ap-
pointed by James H. L'Hommedieu. president.

A national survey of building costs conducted
recently by the United States Department of
Labor discloses that the construction cost of the
average residence today is approximately 84.3
per cent that of 1926, Leimert's report states. This
is the lowest figure reached during the five-year
period and is regarded by those best informed
as the lowest level building costs will register for
many years. The report further states:

"Analysis of the local occupancy status shows
an abnormal condition with two or more families
occupying quarters designed for but one and with
a vacancy ratio of less than 5 per cent, although
a 10 per cent vacancy for single family homes
is considered normal. This condition has already
stimulated home buying in this community.

"An easing off of industrial inactivity, antici-
pated during the next few months, must inevit-
ably expand the list of home seekers as it is this
condition which has caused the doubling up of
families. Adding to this influence the low con-
struction cost factor, a stimulus to home building
must result which will go far toward eliminating
the existing unemployment of the city."

Don't Make A Mistake!

Good Window Shades Wear Well
and Add to the Appearance of
Every Window in Every Building

Are Good Window Shades

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DISTRIBUTORS IN EVERY COMMUNITY

The Architect and Engineer. February, 1932

CABOT'S QUILT™

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TRADE LITERATURE
Hawaiian Cane Products, Ltd., a new company
with head sales offices at 215 Market Street. San
Francisco. Eastern sales offices at New York and
a plant at Hilo, Hawaii, announces a new build-
ing material to be known as Canec. a high qual-
ity cane fibre structural insulator, which will be
manufactured for distribution throughout the
world. The new product is in the usual popular
board sizes. 1 o inch to one inch thick. Adequate
warehouse stocks will be maintained by the com-
pany at strategic points, enabling prompt service
to dealers in their respective territories.

The Medusa Portland Cement Company will
be the distributors of products manufactured by
the Studebaker Chemical Company of Elyria,
Ohio. The products consist of rust-proof coatings
sold under the trade name of Rust-oy. Merchan-
dising outlets are situated in the major cities of
the Central States, Latin America and nine other
foreign countries.

Congoleum-Nairn, Inc., have issued a booklet
illustrating and describing a new Sealex wall cov-
ering, a unique addition to present types of cov-
erings. This folder has been arranged to fit arch-
itects' files and the Congoleum Company will be
glad to furnish same upon request of their Kearny.
New Jersey, office.

The American Face Brick Association. Chi-
cago, have issued "Standard Grading Rules for
Face Brick", a small handbook containing rules
adopted by the Association and to be used as
the basis on which face brick is sold.

A new bulletin has been published by the Rob-
erts and Schaeffer Company, Wrigley Building.
Chicago, illustrating "Zeiss-Dywidag". patent
concrete shell domes and barrel shell roofs for
permanent monolithic reinforced concrete large
building construction. The bulletin is well ar-
ranged and illustrated.

The Leather Mat Manufacturing Company of
San Francisco, have very clearly demonstrated in
their new catalog recently issued, that it is now
possible to secure any form of mat necessary for
use in buildings, irrespective of type. One of
their innovations is that they have constantly on
hand standard sizes of leather mats used in re-
cessed sections in front of entrance doors or ele-
vator doors. In addition, they manufacture rub-
ber flooring, wood mats and cocoa brush mats.
A copy of this catalog, carrying a full list of stock
sizes may be obtained by addressing them af 340
Sansome Street, San Francisco.

The Architect and Engineer, February, 1932

The following appointments have been an-
nounced by the National Steel Fabric Company,
Pittsburgh, effective January first, 1932: C. B.
Dugan, District Manager of the Los Angeles
office at 607 Richfield Building, Los Angeles, and
H. M. Wilson, District Manager of the Chi-
cago office at 1118 Straus Building, Chicago.

The Turner & Seymour Mfg. Co. of Torring-
ton. Conn., chain manufacturers, have purchased
the Smith & Egge Mfg. Company of Bridgeport,
Conn. Smith & Egge are particularly well known
as manufacturers of sash chain. More than 40
years ago Frederick Egge invented an automatic
machine for making sash chain which made pos-
sible the hanging of windows with sash chain
and placed the manufacture of it on a commercial
basis. Some years ago the Turner & Seymour
Mfg. Co. started manufacturing sash chain after
absorbing the Atlantic Chain Co. of Brooklyn,
N. Y. The equipment of the Smith & Egge Mfg.
Co. will be moved to Torrington but there will
be no delay in filling orders through the Smith
& Egge Mfg. Co. Division of the Turner & Sey-
mour Mfg. Co. The sturdy quality of Smith S
Egge products will be continued.

WASHINGTON STATE SOCIETY
Officers to serve during 1932 were elected by
the Washington State Society of Architects at
its meeting held Thursday evening, December 10,
at the Gowman Hotel, Seattle, as follows:
President, John S. Hudson, Seattle, re-elected;
first vice-president, Julius A. Zittel, Spokane; sec-
ond vice-president, Stanley A. Smith, Pullman;
third vice-president, Robert M. Thorne, Renton;
fourth vice-president, R. C. Stanley, Seattle; sec-
retary, Lawrence S. Hauser, Seattle; treasurer,
Harry G. Hammond, Seattle; trustee, O. F. Nel-
son.

An amendment to the constitution was passed,
creating junior memberships for draftsmen and
architectural students; these, however, not to have
vote as regular members.

HOUSE BEAUTIFUL COMPETITION
Franklin Abbott, Waldron Faulkner, and
Dwight James Baum, all of New York City, were
the first, second and third prize winners respec-
tively in Eastern division of the annual House
Beautiful small house competition. In the West-
ern division, Gordon B. Kaufman of Los Angeles
was awarded first prize, Roland E. Coate, of the
same city, second prize, and Austen Pierpont, of
Osai, California, third prize. Honorable mentions
in the Western division went to Roland E. Coate,
Reginald D. Johnson, H. Roy Kelley, David J.
Witmer, and Loyall F. Watson, all of Los An-
geles; and John F. Staub of Houston, Texas.

MODEL NO* 42

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There is a HAWS model to suit
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The specification for all drinking fountain occasions

THE CUTLER
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The achievement of half a century's
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requirements of public use under
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Simple, practical and sturdy in con-
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no injury to structure or finish.

Full information, details and
specifications on request.

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Los Angeles, California
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The Architect and Engineer, February, 1932

The Doorway of America's Freight Elevator Traffic

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SAN FRANCISCO BAY BRIDGE
Three kinds of suspension bridge are being
considered for the San Francisco-Oakland trans-
bay span. C. H. Purcell. State highway engineer.
told the American Society of Engineers at its
annual meeting held at the Engineers' Club. 206
Sansome Street, San Francisco.

He also disclosed that for the first time man
had found out what is on the bottom of San Fran-
cisco bay.

Speaking as a member of the State Toll Bridge
Authority, which will build the bridge, Mr. Pur-
cell said three types of suspension bridge were
under consideration between San Francisco and
Yerba Buena island:

1 — Two structures with 2300-foot main spans
and 1 150 side spans, to meet on a central pier.

2 — One structure, with a 3800-foot central span
and 1850-foot side spans.

3 — Three continuous structures of 2300 feet
each with two 1150-foot side spans.

The last is now preferred as the cheapest,
though he said a decision could not be reached
until the engineers had carried out their calcula-
tions.

Describing the minute care with which the bor-
ings are being made, the State engineer said these
showed a submerged rocky ridge extending from
the San Francisco bay shore to Yerba Buena
island.

The diamond drills are driven into the rock
from thirty to 100 feet.

The borings thus far show principally sandstone
on the bottom of the bay with an occasional layer
of shale.

The bay borings should be completed by Feb-
urary. Land borings, both in San Francisco and
on Yerba Buena island, should be finished by
March.

K A WNEER

MODERNISTTIC CONSTRUCTION
FOR

Today's Store Front

Through years of experience Kawneer
craftsmen have acquired the art of ren-
dering in metal distinctive and efficient
Store fronts of any size or design.

KAWNEER MFG. CO.

BERKELEY CALIFORNIA

The Architect and Engineer, February. 1^32

FIVE HOURS AND TWO SHIFTS

A two-shift day with five hours to each shift
will be recommended in all branches of the build-
ing industry by the California Building Congress,
according to Frederick H. Meyer, chairman of the
northern executive committee of the organization.

"We have found upon investigation," he said,
"that the five-hour shift produces as much work
in many instances as the eight-hour shift, so that
the contractor and the industry lose nothing by
breaking the day into two five-hour shifts.

"It increases employment without additional
cost."

Mr. Meyer said the congress will urge 1 7 of
the public utilities of this area to adopt the two-
shift day on all construction work, and likewise
to start and carry on whatever construction work
can be done economically at this time.

"The building congress investigated the four-
hour shift and voted against it on the ground that
it doesn't give the working man involved a living
wage," Meyer said.

The executive board approved a report from
Frederick Whitton, chairman of the committee on
building needs, calling on public utility groups
to furnish, wherever possible, information as to
the percentage of vacancies in buildings in north-
ern California.

This information will be used to determine
where new buildings are needed and the com-
mittee will endeavor to stimulate construction in
the affected area.

The congress hopes to be of definite assistance
in the employment crisis by making definite rec-
ommendations as to methods and plans for all
groups in the building industry, according to Ern-
est Norberg, secretary of the executive committee.

Members of the executive committee are F. H.
Meyer, chairman; E. Norberg, Charles Brock, W.
E. Buton, H. J. Brunnier, C. H. Snyder, H. M.
Walker, Alexander Coleman, }. G. Kennedy, W.
H. George, R. G. Hooker, C. M. Gunn, C. R.
Kingeland, }. Lester Miller and C. J. Struble.

FACE HEAVY LOSS
A loss of $2,000,000 and delay of one year in
completion of Hoover dam project, will result if
the Six Companies, Inc., general contractors, are
required to comply with the Nevada state mining
laws, prohibiting the use of gasoline trucks in
construction of the four big diversion tunnels, at-
torneys told the Federal Court at San Francisco,
hearing the contractors' application for a perma-
nent injunction against the enforcement of the
law in the Federal reservation at Boulder City.
Electrically operated trucks, the only substitute
for the gasoline trucks, the attorneys stated, are
excessively expensive and inefficient.

The Architect and Engineer, February. 1932

Lh \h PAINTS. VARNISHES K LACQUER

LACQUERS I

Lacquer finishes are beautiful.

Lacquer finishes are durable.

Lacquer finishes are non-porous.

Lacquer finishes are easy to clean.

Lacquer finishes are time saving.

Lacquer finishes are being used more and
more by the most up-to'date architects.

We will gladly send you suggested schedules
for finishing.

R. N. NASON & CO.

151 Potrero Avenue
San Francisco

DEPENDABILITY
"Since 1858"

LINOLEUMS

CARPETS -> RUGS

DRAPERIES

WINDOW SHADES
:: «

Estimates furnished

mSBALTERm

WHOLESALE CONTRACT DEPT.

562-572 MISSION STREET

SAN FRANCISCO

READING PIPE

■■ GENUINE WROUGHT IRON ■■

Specified by Architects and Engi-
neers for many of the first class
buildings of the Pacific Coast
because of its Long Life and
Resistance to Corrosion.

Every Foot of Reading Genuine Wrought Iron Pipe i3
positively and permanently identified by the Reading
Spiral Knurled Mark. The name READING and the
year of manufacture are also rolled in the metal on
every length. Each Reading Nipple bears the Reading
Knurled Mark for your positive identification.

READING IRON COMPANY

READING. PENNA.

San Francisco:
Balboa Building

Los Angeles:
Pacific Mutual Bldg.

FEDERAL EMPLOYMENT OF PRIVATE
ARCHITECTS
By Louis La Beaume. Chairman
HE Office of the Supervising Architect of
the Treasury Department is still contract-

ing with outside architects for the design of pub-
lic buildings in various sections of the country.
On December 1 , the number of private architects
now in the employ of the Federal government
had reached a total of 220.

These employments have been made under a
permissive clause inserted into the Keyes-Elliott
appropriation bills, under which the present Fed-
eral building program of the Treasury Depart-
ment is going forward. When these appropria-
tions are exhausted the discretionary power
granted the Secretary of the Treasury, for the
employment of outside architects, will lapse, and
presumably all future architectural design will
originate in the Office of the Supervising Archi-
tect of the Treasury, as in former years, unless
emergency authority be again granted the Secre-
tary of the Treasury under future appropriation
bills.

The American Institute of Architects, acting
in collaboration with all major factors of the
building industry, is sponsoring legislation pro-
viding for the employment of architects and engi-
neers outside of the Treasury Department, and
resident in the different sections of the country
where Federal buildings are to be erected.

The purpose of this legislation is to bring to
the service of the government the ablest pro-
fessional ability in the nation. The country is
entitled to such service. To restrict the design-
ing of our Federal buildings to a single depart-
ment, no matter how efficient, must inevitably
narrow and stereotype our national architecture.
Moreover, sharing the belief of a large body of
public opinion that the growth of government
bureaucracy should be checked, we oppose the
further encroachment of the government into the
field of private initiative. The government of the
United States is no more qualified to design our
buildings than to paint our pictures or to write
our books.

A bill expressing these policies, and relating
specifically to public works under the jurisdiction
of the Secretary of the Treasury, has been intro-
duced in the House of Representatives by the
Hon. Robert A. Green, of Florida. It is known as
H. R. 6187. The same bill, known as S. 2956, has
been introduced in the Senate by the Hon. David
I. Walsh, of Massachusetts.

By the terms of the bill, which are clear and
specific, the Office of the Supervising Architect
of the Treasury will be left free to function solely
as a supervising bureau, guarding the interests

The Architect and Engineer, February. 1932

of the government in all practical necessities of
its building operations and retaining its control
over the maintenance, alteration, repair and sup-
ervision of all public buildings.

The bill will in no way alter or diminish the
authority of the Office of the Supervising Archi-
tect of the Treasury over governmental expendi-
tures for public buildings. That office will con-
tinue to exercise complete control over Federal
contracts for public buildings, and will continue
to act as the representative of the government in
supervising the construction and erection of all
Federal building projects under the jurisdiction of
the Treasury Department. The personnel of that
office will be left free not only to perform these
functions, but also to prepare plans and specifi-
cations for those structures exempted by the bill,
and for the performance of such necessary archi-
tectural and engineering work as may arise in
the ordinary governmental routine.

The bill will, however, bring to the service of
the government the abilities of men familiar not
only with local conditions and customs, with cli-
matic factors influencing design, and with regional
methods of construction, but of men thoroughly
conversant with the use of appropriate and eco-
nomical materials.

We are asking all Chapters and individual
members to urge support of this proposed legisla-
tion by their representatives and senators in Con-
gress. We have summarized the arguments in its
favor, as follows:

1 . That the country is entitled to the services
of the ablest architects in the nation, and that
their employment will result in a more vital archi-
tecture appropriate to the regions in which fed-
eral buildings are to be erected. To restrict the
designing of our Federal buildings to a single de-
partment, no matter how efficient, must inevitably
narrow and stereotype the expression of our arch-
itectural ideals.

2. We oppose the growth of bureaucracy as
an infringement of our republican ideal of en-
couraging private initiative.

3. We believe that, in any emergency such as
this, speed as well as efficiency will result from
the prompt allocation of various projects to arch-
itects resident in the general sections in which
public buildings are to be built.

4. The employment of architects outside of
the Treasury Department, and residents in var-
ious parts of the country, will bring to the service
of the government the abilities of men familiar, not
only with local conditions and customs, climatic
factors, methods of construction and appropriate
and economical materials, but also men highly
trained in design and capable of bringing a fresh
point of view to the problems entrusted to them.

SOULE CASEMENTS

FOR ARCHITECTS. A complete reference on Soule' Steel
Windows, with specifications and all essentialdata,inSweet's
See our new 48-page catalog in Vol. A. Pages 1229-1276.

SOULE STEEL COMPANY

Los Angeles • San Francisco • Portland

DISTRIBUTORS IN ALL PRINCIPAL WESTERN CITIES

The new Decatur De
Luxe Lavatory, illustrat-
ed here, is representa-
tive of the MUELLER
line of quality vitreous
china

MUELLER CO.

Decatur, 111.

San Francisco Branch:
1072-76 Howard St.

The Architect and Engineer, February, 1932

ARCHITECTS, We Specialize in

SOUND CONTROL

and

Insulation Materials

E. K. WOOD LUMBER CO.

Lumber and Millwork

SAN FRANCISCO - OAKLAND - LOS ANGELES

LANNOM BROTHERS
MFG. CO., INC.

ARCHITECTURAL
WOODWORK

Bank, Store and Office
Fixtures

Fifth and Magnolia Streets Oakland, California

Phone LAkeside 3663

EXTERIOR and INTERIOR

MARBLE

Furnished and Installed
— by —

VERMONT MARBLE CO.

PROCTOR, VERMONT

Los Angeles - San Francisco - Tacoma, Wash.

Mo-lyb-den-um

IRON

Central Alloy Steel Corporation

MASSILLON, OHIO

BLACK GALVANIZED
and BLUE ANNEALED SHEETS

Western Representatives:

ANDREW CARRIGAN CO.

Rialto Building, San Francisco Phone KEarny 2626

Equitable Bank Building, Los Angeles

Dexter-Hurton Building, Seattle

WANT BUREAU ABOLISHED
Editor The Architect and Engineer: I am
pleased to submit to you the returns in response
to the letters of our President, Clarence H. Tabor.
Jr., dated November 7th and 27th regarding the
Architects' Small House Service Bureau and the
continued control and endorsement of same by the
American Institute of Architects and the United
States Department of Commerce.

We are submitting only those of architectural
organizations and not individuals. The replies of
many organizations are pending upon coming
meetings and routine order of business. Letters
received from several Institute Chapter secre-
taries indicate that their Chapters will also fall
in line with those that have already done so.

Those who have replied to date by letter or
resolution as opposed to the activities of the Bu-
reau and especially its endorsement by the A. I.

A. and the U. S. D. of C. are as follows:

Hawaii Chapter, A. I. A.

Toledo Chapter, A. I. A.

New Jersey Chapter, A. I. A.

Kansas City Chapter, A. I. A.

Baltimore Chapter, A. I. A.

Central Illinois Chapter. A. I. A.

New Jersey Society of Architects.

Hudson County Society of Architects.

Union County Society of Architects.

New York Society of Architects.

Camden Society of Architects.

Westchester County Society of Architects.

Architects Club of North Hudson.

Long Island Society of Architects.

Brooklyn Architectural Club.

Staten Island Society of Architects.

The Architects League of Northern New Jersey.

Only one Chapter thought the Bureau worth
defending, replying, "that after a brief discussion
their opinion was that the A. S. H. S. B. as con-
ceived and operated is still functioning in the
proper fashion and manner" * * * This is similar
to statements made for the Institute by Bureau
officials and executives in the past.

It is significant to note that all of these replies
were obtained without any personal solicitations
or high pressure method speeches addressed to
organizations or executive committees, but that
they are purely voluntary and of self accord.

It is also significant that the entire state of New
Jersey is represented by each and every archi-
tectural organization, including the Institute Chap-
ter. This state is the seventh largest in population
in the country and has an exceptionally large resi-
dential territory suburban not only to its own large
cities but to Philadelphia and New York City as

The Architect and Engineer, February. 19 M

well. Furthermore, the great majority of all of the
architectural organizations of Greater New York
City are similarly represented as in accord on this
matter, representing a population and suburban
residential territory exceeding that of any other
state in the country. This comprises Westchester
County and Long Island, which for years has
given the architectural profession some of the
finest examples of residential design.

These combined territories so strongly repre-
sented by the profession on this question are of
more than ordinary meaning, due to the residen-
tial field which they represent. The rank and file
of the profession at large have been able to ob-
serve and judge the results of the propaganda of
the Bureau. They now render their decision.

At a recent conference in New York City, rep-
resentatives of the organizations and many promi-
nent architects opposed to the Bureau made known
their desires in no uncertain manner to officials of
the Institute, among whom were Robert D. Kohn,
President A. I. A.; Albert L. Brockway, Regional
Director A. I. A., and William Stanley Parker,
President A. S. H. S. B. The latter stated that
the Institute and the Bureau were both one and
the same thing. When challenged on this ques-
tion, he answered by stating that he did not in-
tend to convey exactly that but that when the
phrase "Conrolled by the Institute" was changed
to "Endorsed by the Institute" it was the same
thing in effect * * * The Institute wants the Gov-
ernment to get out of the architectural business.
By precisely the same reasoning and logic it is
desired that the Institute itself withdraw from the
architectural business as in this connection.

We trust to hear further from your readers on
this question through your publication and urge
upon all organizations and individuals actively
interested in this subject to cooperate with us.

Very truly yours.

HARRY LUCHT,

Secretary.
432 Palisade Avenue,
Cliffside Park, N. J.

DESIGNING FRATERNITY HOUSE

Walter Wurdeman. junior member of Becket
and Wurdeman, architectural firm with office in
the Brooklyn Building, Seattle, recently returned
from a three weeks inspection tour in California.
Mr. Wurdeman made a special study of frater-
nity house designs. The firm is preparing plans for
the new Delta Sigma Phi fraternity house to be
erected this spring at 18th Avenue Northeast and
East 47th Street, Seattle.

Send for

Catalog

Kraftile High Fired Faience

for walls and floors

Proof against cracking, crazing, fading,
acid, frost and wear

Display Rooms

525 Market Street

San Francisco

^— HARDENED^,, CONCRETE-^

For better - looking, longer - serving
concrete floors :

Metalicron: The metallic integral
hardner. Master Mix: Liquid inte-
gral hardner. Colored Master Built
Floors: Three types.
Also integral and surface waterproof-
ings.

Coast Distributors

Los Angeles:

The Master Builders Co.

426 So. Spring Street

Portland:
McCracken-Ripley Co.

San Francisco:

The Master Builders Co.

Mills Building

Seattle:

Oakland;

Builders Exchange

Spokane:

R. H. Hoskins

Vancouver:

Tourtellotte-Bradley, Inc. Wm. N. O'Neil Co., Ltd.

L^ffi^T

Pump Governors

Safety Pump Governors

Automatic Gas Regulat-
ing Valves

Gas Burners

Gas Burning Equipment

Vacuum Pump Governors

Vacuum Regulating
Valves

Continuous Flow Steam
Traps

Thermostats

Reducing Valves

Boiler Feed-Water
Regulators

Oil Heaters
Relief Valves
Oil-Burner Governors
Little Giant Improved

Oil Burners
Oil Pumping Sets
Oil Valves
Oil Strainers
Steam Oil Strainers
Duplex Oil Pumps
Rotary Oil Pumps
Boiler Feed Pumps
Water Heaters
Oil Meters

VAUGHN -G. E. WITT CO., Engineers

C. W. VAUGHN, President and Manager

MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS

4224-28 HollisSt.

Emeryville

HYLOPLATE BLACKBOARDS

Years of constant usage in schools

throughout the United States is

evidence of the architects' faith in

this durable material.

SCHOOL SUPPLIES : SCHOOL EQUIPMENT

AUDITORIUM SEATING : OFFICE EQUIPMENT

C F WEBER 8C COMPANY LTD.

n Francisco, Cal. Los Angeles, Cal.

The Architect and Engineer. February, 1932

Simgnjjjai ■ ■■ . ■ ■--■'-• 1 1 ■' - ' ;i''; 7

^WESTERN,
\ IRON A

\W0RKS/

STRUCTURAL STEEL
WESTERN IRON WORKS

San Francisco

141-147 BEALE STREET
132-148 MAIN STREET

Phone DAvenport 2575

The Modern Way —
BUILD WITH

STEEL

Protect your Investment from

Fire and Quake

Structural Steel for Buildings

and Bridges

JUDSON-PACIFIC CO,

609 MISSION STREET, SAN FRANCISCO
DOuglas 4460

Plants, San Francisco and Oakland

The LATEST and BEST ideas

in hot water science are embodied

in the

PITTSBURG

It insures superior
Hot Water Service

Pittsburg Water
Heater Co.

478 Sutter Street

San Francisco

Phone SUtter 5025

W.SJ.SLOANE

Established 1843

RUGS : CARPETS

LINOLEUMS

FURNITURE

DRAPERIES
WINDOW SHADES

Estimates Gladly Submitted

216-228 SUTTER STREET, SAN FRANCISCO
Phone: GArfield 2827

INVENTION ABSORBS SHOCKS

Loy L. Smith, an inventor, 1506 W. 46th Street,
Los Angeles, predicts that the new method of
earthquake shock absorption in buildings will be-
come universally popular on better acquaintance.

He states that the fundamental difference be-
tween the new method and the present trend is
that of avoidance versus resistance, the latter be-
ing obviously futile in extreme cases since a major
quake is irresistible.

The simplicity and economy of the method of
avoidance is so outstanding that, but for the lack
of scientific data at earlier stages, its adoption
might well have dated back thousands of years;
it being a fact that only in the last few years have
scientists broadcast their findings on seismology in
such form that the architect might add the exact
condition to his fund of knowledge.

The device invented by Mr. Smith consists of a
line of cleavage between the foundation and the
superstructure, together with suitable anchors, and
can be depended upon definitely to act as a shock
absorber for shearing stress escapement. The ac-
tion is most ordinary, yet the detail of parts is
complex according to the variety of types of
structures and cannot be clearly outlined here on
that account.

The key to his device lies in the discovery,
after years of research work, and the control of
a new force, the kinetic energy of drift. The prin-
ciple application is in masonry construction, more
especially those housing large numbers of people,
such as schools, hospitals and homes.

Efforts along this line have been made for the
past sixty years but, as stated above, little work-
ing knowledge has been available as to the nature
of seismic forces until brought down to us re-
cently by the seismologists in their research work
throughout the world.

Mr. Smith is the director of a Los Angeles
earthquake research institute which is devoted to
coordination of data of seismologists, architects
and inventors as applicable to the science of build-
ing construction. Advancement along this line is a
world demand and timely in that thousands of
lives and untold millions in property values can
be saved from destruction in this and future gen-
erations at slight additional expense.

He says: "We have stood on the fatalistic
viewpoint that the results of earthquakes, being
acts of God, might well be left to the account of
The Almighty and have gone on with eyes shut
to the disastrous results

"The era of earthquakes will pass just as the
era of volcanic eruption is now passing, but the

The Architect and Engineer, February. 1932

former will continue to trouble us for some thou-
sands of years and therefore it is up to the archi-
tect to guard against loss of life and property
where quake's are apt to strike.

"Fires which follow seismic disturbances are
sometimes recorded as inflicting far greater real
damage than the shock. In such cases the use of
shock absorbers which prevent shock destruction
thereby stop fire.

"Shock absorbers can be applied to existing
structures as well as to new ones. This opens a
new field of employment to workmen in a field of
universal demand."

Mr. Smith is compiling a complete text for the
convenience of architects and builders.

OIL BURNER SHOW

A decision to enlarge the ninth annual oil
burner show to be held in Boston, April 11 to
16, was made at the quarterly meeting of the di-
rectors in Boston recently. Heretofore, the show
has been open only to members of the American
Oil Burner Association which has staged the
affair each year since its inception. Under the
new plan the membership requirement for acces-
sory or associate exhibition is waived. The privi-
lege of exhibiting oil burners will be confined to
members as heretofore.

The new arrangement is expected to result in
many more exhibitors with the result that the
show will be the largest in the history of the oil
burner industry. Officials of the Association have
prepared for the increased number of reservations
by arranging to use the mezzanine floor of Me-
chanics Hall where the show is to be held.

Members of the Association already have con-
tracted for considerable space, officials have an-
nounced, and with the new policy in effect it is
expected that more interest will follow.

An added feature will be the use of live ex-
hibits or burners in actual operation. This will
be the first time in the history of the Association
that facilities for such exhibits have been pro-
vided.

Headquarters have been established in the Hotel
Statler for members of the Association who will
hold their annual convention during the week
of the show. Reduced railroad fares from all
points will be available for those attending.

The general public will be invited to view the
exhibits at no cost and an attendance of over
10,000 persons is expected.

KITCHEN EQUIPMENT

for

Hotels, Apartments, Club
Buildings and Restaurants

Dohrmann Hotel Supply Co.

972 Mission Street, San Francisco, California
Phone GArfield 5600

13th and Clay Streets, Oakland, California
Phone HOlliday 7560

OIL BURNERS

For use in Homes, Apartments, Commercial

and Industrial Buildings. Listed as standard

by Underwriters Laboratories.

Made and Guaranteed by

S. T. JOHNSON CO.

940-950 Arlington Street Oakland, California

San Francisco, Sacramento, Stockton,
San Carlos, Calif. Philadelphia, Pa.

ALSO DISTRIBUTORS OF FUEL OILS

Factory Branches

Recent Contracts Completed —

FORD ASSEMBLY PLANTS AT

SEATTLE, LONG BEACH

AND RICHMOND

Clinton Construction Company

of California

Builders and Managers

of Construction

923 FOLSOM STREET SAN FRANCISCO

Telephone SUtter 3440

MODERN today... means
gas-equipped throughout

quick

The Architect and Engineer, February, 1932

103

Gladding Bros.

Mfa. Co.

BURNED CLAY PRODUCTS

ROOF TILE

COMMON AND FACE BRICK

FLOOR TILE

VITRIFIED SEWER PIPE

DRAIN TILE

CHIMNEY PIPE

FLUE LINING

PLANT AND OFFICE:
THIRD AND KEYES STREETS

Ballard 7.".70 San Jose, Calif.

Have You a atalog

Kewane£

TypeC

637 Minna St., San Francisco, Calif.
Telephone MA rket 3612-3613

G. H. BROWN

Hardwood Co.

1044-1058 Forty-Seventh Avenue
Oakland, California

Telephone FRuitvale 8305 - 8306

JOSEPH MUSTO

SONS-KEENAN

COMPANY

MARBLE

and

ONYX

535 NORTH POINT STREET

SAN FRANCISCO

1801 S. SOTO STREET

LOS ANGELES

ENGINEER FILES PROTEST
M. M. O'Shaughnessy, city en-
gineer of San Francisco, in a letter
to P. F. O'Rourke of San Diego,
filed with the city clerk of San
Diego, disapproves the change in
design of the proposed El Capitan
dam from a rock fill to a combina-
tion rock and earth fill. Mr.
O'Shaughnessy was the engineer
on the Morena rock fill dam built
by the city of San Diego in 1912.
In his letter to Mr. O'Rourke he
states that in November, 1924, he
recommended in a report to a com-
mittee of San Diego citizens, the
building of a dam at the El Capi-
tan site.

In January, 1931, by request of
a citizens committee, he appeared
before the San Diego city council
and advocated the construction of
a "first class rock fill dam" at El
Capitan. "I had no thought at the
time of considering the substitu-
tion of a hybrid dam of composite
materials," Mr. O'Shaughnessy
said in his letter, although, he ad-
mitted "a composite dam of rock
fill and earth, if adquate spillways
are provided, might prove accept-
able." However, he is "not in-
clined to favor this type of con-
struction in the solution of San
Diego's water problem."

UNIT PRICE BIDDING
Leonard F. Boyce, president of
the Sioux Falls Construction Com-
pany, Sioux Falls, S .D.. in an ad-
dress to the Associated Contract-
ors of South Dakota on "Bidding
Unit Prices," declared the unit bid

MARBLE

AMERICAN MARBLE
COMPANY

Office

1508 Hobart Bids.

San Francisco

Phone
MA rket 5070

Factory

Swift Ave. and

Ferry Slip

Waterfront

South San Francisco

Phone

DA venport 1091

Golden Gate
Atlas Materials Company

BUILDING PRODUCTS

16th and Harrison Streets

SAN FRANCISCO

Phone HE mlock 7020

CHAS. STOCKHOLM
& SONS

Contractors

Russ Building, San Francisco
Phone DO uglas 4420

Del Monte
WHITE SAND
Fan Shell - Beach

WASHED IN FRESH WATER

DRIED BY STEAM

CLEAN : BONE DRY

Del Monte Properties Company

Phone SUtter 6130
401 Crocker Building San Franicico

Specify

DICKEY

ClAY
PRODUCTS

Dickey Mastertile
Partition Tile
Drain Tile
Fireproofing Tile
Floor Tile
Roof Tile

Face Brick
Fire Brick
Paving Brick
Wall Coping
Flue Lining
Dickey Flashing Blocks

W. S. DICKEY CLAY MFG.
COMPANY

SAN FRANCISCO

The Architect and Engineer. February, 1932

^ CAEN
f&i STONE

12$ A REFINED. ELEGA1

V^W INTERIOR FINISH

A. KNOWLES

CONTRACTING
PLASTERER

982 BRYANT STREET
Phone: UNderhill 4048

CONCRETE
CONSTRUCTION

We Specialize in Difficult
Concrete Work

VILLADSEN BROS., INC.

Engineers and Contractors
417 Market Street San Francisco

MECCLCy PRESS

We Print

The ARCHITECT and

ENGINEER

"A Thing of Beauty

Is a Joy Forever"

942 HOWARD STREET

SAN FRANCISCO

contract requires that extreme care
be exercised in preparing specifi-
cations and bid blanks and in de-
termining classifications and quan-
tities, in order that neither party
to the contract shall be unfairly
treated.

In bidding on bridge work, Mr.
Boyce said he found it advisable
to prepare a lump sum estimate
and then, if required to do so by
the engineer, break it down into
units. In advocating the use of
this system, even in cases where a
lump sum bid is not required, Mr.
Boyce said:

"It may be argued and logically
perhaps in some instances, that the
unit bidding system saves the
bidders considerable work and ex-
pense of preparing quantity sur-
veys and that any bidder is there-
by enabled to bid on more work
than he otherwise could. This is
perhaps true, provided he is will-
ing to take snap-judgment on his
unit bids, but it is equally obvious
that such bidding is detrimental,
not only to the contracting busi-
ness and to industries dependent
upon it, but to the owner as well."

ARCHITECTURAL
CONTROL
Gains in architectural control
were made by the nation in 1931,
the outstanding example being
that exercised in Washington, D.
C, by the National Commission
of Fine Arts, according to a re-
port by Charles H. Cheney of Los
Angeles, chairman of the Commit-
tee on City and Regional Plan-

ATTRACTIVE LIGHTING

BAKER & PRUSSIA

4042 BROADWAY OAKLAND. CALIF.

HUmboldl 6931

WALKER-WILKESON
SANDSTONE

Sawed Stone - Building Stone
Rip Rap

The Nation's Finest Stone

HOYT M. LESHER

California Representative

503 Market St., San Francis

Telephone: DOuglas 6436

Quarries at

Wilkeson. Wash.

Walker Cut Stone

Plant: Tacoma, Wash.

Complete

Kitchen Equipment

audi
Dining Room Service

Kitchen Ranges Sinks

Dish Washers Silver

Coffee Urns Cutlery

Stands Hotel China

Steam Tables Hotel Glassware

Tile Contractors

Estimating Department Prepares
Plans and Specifications

Mangrum-Holbrook Company

Phone MA rket 2400
1235 Mission Street San Francisco

^CTWC H&tf

Built-in heater for bath rooms,

breakfast nooks, dens and small

bedrooms.

WEIR ELECTRIC APPLIANCE CQ
26th and Adeline Streets, Oakland

ASSOCIATE WHOLESALE ELEC. CO.
1159 S. Los Angeles St., Lob Angeles

Ornamental iron,

Ariston Steel Windows*
Bronze, Aluminum*
Ariston Steel Buildings

Michel & Pfeffer
Iron Works, Inc.

lOlh & Harrison S<>.

San Francisco
Tel. Ill nil... k 30811

Grinnell Automatic
SPRINKLER

GRINNELL COMPANY

OF THE PACIFIC

ENGINEERS AND
CONTRACTORS

VALVES, PIPE and FITTINGS

CHEMICAL FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

and FIRE ENGINES

Fifth and Brannan Streets
San Francisco

The Architect and Engineer, February, 1932

105

Phone DOuelas US

Larsen and Larsen

General Contractors

629 BRYANT STREET
SAN FRANCISCO

FORDERER
CORNICE WORKS

Copper Roofs

Galvanized Iron Work

Elevator Doors

269 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco
Phone HEmlock 4100

Robert W. Hunt Company

ENGINEERS
Inspections - Tests - Consultation

Inspection and Tests of Structural
Steet, Reinforcing Steel
and Cement.
Field Inspection and Supervision
of Construction of Steel and
Concrete Structures.
Cement. Concrete, Chemical. Met-
allurgical, and Physical
Laboratories.

Chicago - New York - Pittsburgh

All Large Cities
San Francisco, 251 Kearny Street

Chicago

HOSPITAL

SILENT CALL
SIGNAL SYSTEMS

GARNETT YOUNG AND CO.

Pacific Coast Sale! Engineers
»90 FOURTH ST.. SAN FRANCISCO
Seattle Lot Aneelea Portland

ning of the American Institute of
Architects.

The most notable planning ad-
vance of the year. Mr. Cheney
says, is found in the regional
plans adopted for the New York
and Philadelphia districts after
several years of study. Westches-
ter County. New York, is said to
present "the most remarkably fin-
ished and most beautiful parks
and parkways developed during
the year." The work in West-
chester is characterized as "one of
the notable achievements in Amer-
ica."

Cincinnati is singled out for
praise in city planning, the report
saying that "few places in the
country can show as well organ-
ized and consistent city planning
progress as that of Cincinnati, and
the surrounding Hamilton Coun-
ty."

"Never, as in 1931. has practi-
cal planning been of such conspic-
uous use to the United States."
Mr. Cheney declares. "Fortunate
indeed was the city, county or
region of the United States which
had its master plan far enough
completed to be used as a guide
for the millions of dollars of pub-
lic funds now being hastily ex-
pended bv public bodies for relief
during the depression.

"For unemployment must be
met. and sound municipal policy
should encourage public works at
such a time. It is to the credit of
the country that so large a pro-
portion of the bond issues and
money spent during the past year
and to be spent in the coming year
will conform to well thought out
and comprehensive city and re-
gional plans.

"Of great significance also to
the country is the increasing in-
terest on the part of city planners
generally in good architecture.
Planning boards are at last begin-
ning to take steps to conserve ex-
isting monuments and examples of
fine buildings, both public and pri-
vate. Architectural control is
slowly but surely gaining atten-
tion."

Specify
Marshall & Stearns
Ad-A-Room Beds

Mechanical Excellence

Proven Quality

Dependable Comfort

PHELAN BLDG.. SAN FRANCISCO
DOuglas 034$

1410 MADISON STREET, OAKLAND
HIgate 4320

CRAN E

High Class Plumbing
Fixtures

All Principal Coast Cities

THE TORMEY
COMPANY

GENERAL PAINTERS
AND DECORATORS

Phone WA lnnt 3639

563 FULTON STREET
San Francisco

HATELEY &
HATELEY

PLUMBING
AND HEATING
CONTRACTORS

1710 TENTH STREET

Phone MAin 2478

SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA

106

The Architect and Engineer. February. 1932

Ocean Shore
Iron Works

550-558 EIGHTH STREET

MArket 0462- 0463
San Francisco California

STEAM BOILERS
STEEL TANKS
SMOKE STACKS

• WATER •

• HEATERS •

LUXOR

WINDOW SHADES

Translucent Shading

o/ highest count

cambric

William Volker & Co.

631 Howard Street
San Francisco

CLERVI

MARBLE CO.

MANUFACTURING CONTRACTORS

Foreign and Domestic
Marbles

Interior & Exterior Buildings

Office 8C Mill, 1721 San Bruno Ave.

Phone MI Blion 6625
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.

Washington points the way to
what must be done in all Ameri-
can cities to insure reasonable de-
cency of design, asserts Mr. Che-
ney.

"With only ten per cent of the
buildings on the average in our
cities designed by architects or
others with any training," he adds,
"we shall continue to be smoth-
ered and depreciated by ugly off-
color structures until we set up in
each city an architectural board
with power to pass on plans be-
fore the structures are erected.
The public has just as much right
to be protected from the builder
who is careless in design and color
as from the one who erects a weak
or unsafe structure."

Over a hundred new cities,
towns, or villages are listed as
having adopted partial or com-
plete zoning ordinances during the
past year. Piecemeal zoning by
counties, that is establishment of
limited building use zones in the
parts of the county desiring it, is
reported from a number of states,
particularly from California, where
every county is now required by
law to have a county planning
board.

Most of these zoning ordinances,
however, are called very loose
affairs. Only about fifteen or
twenty per cent of them have been
drawn with the help of a trained
city planner.

Over 1 ,000 cities, towns and
villages are now zoned, not count-
ing the many county zone ordi-
nances put in effect or pending.
"Thus billions of dollars of prop-
erty values are now at least par-
tially safeguarded," it is pointed
out. Important planning legisla-
tion was adopted in many states.
Development of civic centers
made progress, particularly in St.
Paul, Cleveland, and San An-
tonio.

During 1931 study of the indi-
viduality of cities was made by the
City and Regional Planning Com-
mittee of the American Institute
of Architects, with the aid of a
national advisory group.

ssmssssssss

pfepNK
SCHINDLER 0

228 13th Stsrt'fcf

cabinet work
complete installations:'

Store BANK &OF#C£>S
FIXTURES ..# It
HARDWOOD INTgffORSfl

* ;ft<>

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Recent Contracts Completed

Library Building

Berkeley
Women's Club Building

Berkeley
City Hospital

Palo Alto
Masonic Home

Decoto

K. E. PARKER CO., INC.

135 South Park San Francisco

Phone KE arny 6640

Phone SUttor 1414

Hunter & Hudson

Consulting Engineers

DESIGNERS OF HEATING
VENTILATING AND WIRING
SYSTEMS, MECHANICAL
AND ELECTRICAL EQUIP-
MENT OF BUILDINGS

41 SUTTER STREET

ROOM 71S

San Francisco California

WEDGE NOTCH COLUMN CLAMPS

Rapidity, Economy
and Efficiency

STEELFORMS

FOR

Concrete Construction

STEELFORM
3 CONTRACTING CO.

San Francisco Los Angeles
Portland Seattle

The Architect and Engineer, February, 1932

107

McNEAR BRICK

Beauty and
Permanence

McNear Brick Company

417 BERRY STREET

Phone MArket 2770 San Francisco

Tehestra

STEEL
WINDOWS

For Every Type of Building

DETROIT STEEL PRODUCTS
COMPANY

Pacific Coast Factory: Oakland

Branches

San Francisco Los Angeles Seattle

APEX

Blo-Air Fan Heaters

Portable and Wall Types

1320 watts to 4000 watts
Thermostat Control if Desired

Some-

<•

rf> -*> i

thing

JZS\

New

and

W&k

Better.

m
m

Tests

'.mill

show 50%

greater
temperature

nun

IIIIIIH1

rise in
living
zone.

Blo-Air Heaters use

late the ai

instead of

depending upon

the slow process of gra

Instant heat and a gr<

ater amount in

the lower 1

vine zone o

the room, with

the same

consumption

Fan can be

used withe

ut the hei

Switches cl

sily acccssil

le at top. Can

be installed

under wind

ows.

There is

a complete 1

and Water

Heaters.

APEX Manufacturing Company

Oakland, California

Distributors

SANDOVAL SALES CO.

557 Market St.. San Francisco

APEX SALES CO.

1855 Industrial St., Los Angeles

"There is an individuality in
some cities which extraordinarily
charms us," says a summary of the
findings. "In others, unfortunately
far more numerous, there is a
character that bores or repels us.
Practically always, where this in-
dividuality shows any degree of
perfection, where it is attractive
and stimulating, it is the work of
some master architect or succes-
sion of architects, and consciously
wrought."

The problem of individuality,
charm and character in cities is
architectural, and can only be
solved by master architects, the
report continues.

The deaths of Robert W. De
Forest of New York and Senator
Dwight W. Morrow of New Jer-
sey are chronicled as marked
losses to the planning movement
during 1931.

"Both gave much and faithful
service, not only to the regions
where they lived, but to many
parts of the country as well," the
report comments. "Mr. De Forest's
great contributions were to organ-
ization of cultural bodies in this
country. Particularly did his many
years as president of the Ameri-
can Federation of Arts, and of the
Metropolitan Museum of New
York City, make his going con-
spicuously felt. The country will
long honor both these men for
their many fine qualities and their
constructive leadership."

IN NEW QUARTERS
Headquarters of the Pacific
Coast Building Officials' Confer-
ence, located in Long Beach, Cali-
fornia, for the past five years, have
been moved to the I. W. Hellman
Building, 124 W. 4th Street, Los
Angeles. In view of the fact that
the executive committee voted a
number of months ago to permit
the removal of Conference head-
quarters to Los Angeles when con-
ditions were satisfactory, Presi-
dent C. D. Wailes, Jr., and Man-
aging Secretary David H. Merrill
decided to make the move at this
time.

MULLEN MFG.
COMPANY

BANK, STORE AND OFFICE

FIXTURES— CABINET WORK

OF GUARANTEED QUALITY

CHURCH SEATING

Office and Factory:

64 RAUSCH ST., Bet. 7th and 8th Sts.

San Francisco

Telephone HE mlock 2858

G. P. W. Jensen & Son

Building Construction

320 Market Street, San Francisco
Phone 2444

GENERAL
ROOFING CO.

HARRY HENNINGS

Office and Warehouse:

BEACH AND HALLECK STS.

OAKLAND, CALIF.

Member Builders Exchange
Telephone OLympic 5208

I anelouvre

The Modern Ventilator

Hotels

Offices, Apartments

<S^

E. HAMMOND

ilding Material Exhibit

557 Market St.

SU tter

5333 San Francisco, Calif.

108

The Architect and Engineer. February. 1932

SUNSET
LUMBER COMPANY

Registered Architectural
Woodwork

rr\\ X- ARC HH ICTYRAL
k^V WOOD raw ORK

r*4 M.ajpgjBg™. r^

Pine and Redwood
Lumber

400 High Street, Oakland
Phone ANdover 1000

What architects and all who build have
learned to expect from Quandt craftsmen:

"Co-operation for Quality "

Materials applied efficiently and expeditiously
by brush or spray application to achieve the
best result at the minimum cost to the owner.

A. Quandt & Sons

Painters and Decorators

Since 1885

374 Guerrero Street, San Francisco

Telephone MArket 1711

m*rm
Quandt-quality is available for the small job
as well as the large. Pioneers and Special-
ists in the application of Lacquer in the
architectural field. Complete decorative
color schemes designed and furnished.
Advice for technical painting requirements
furnished. Our operations are state-wide.

Phone DOuglas 2370

R. McLERAN

&, CO.

GENERAL
CONTRACTORS

HEARST BUILDING
San Francisco, Calif.

"American - Marsh "
PUMPS

"DAYTON"

A ir Compressors
"KEWANEE"

"AMES"
Vacuum Beating

Pumps

SIM0NDSMACHINERYC0.

816 Folsom Street 520 East 4th Street

San Francisco Los Angeles

Phone DO uglas 6794 Phone Ml' tual 832

CONCRETE INSTITUTE
CONVENTION

The 28th annual convention ol
the American Concrete Institute
will be held at the Wardman
Park Hotel, Washington, D. C,
March 1st to and including the
4th. The tentative program fol-
lows:

TUESDAY, MARCH 1

9 a. m. to 2 p. m. — Registration

2 p. m. — 1st Session

Report of Committee 502, Arthur R. Lord, Chair-
an. Consideration of a motion to submit Ten-
tative Construction Specification for Concrete
Work on Ordinary Buildings.

Report of Committee 503, William F. Zabriskie,
Chairman. Consideration of a motion to sub-
mit Tentative Specification for Supplying, Fab-
ricating and Setting Reinforcing Steel on Ordi-
nary Buildings.

Report of Committee 506, Arthur R. Lord, Chair-
man. Consideration of a motion to submit
Tentative Construction Specification for Con-
crete Work on the Small Job.

"Problems in the Design and Construction of
Concrete in Major Irrigation Structures" by
Byram W. Steele, Civil Engineer, U. S. Bureau
of Reclamation, Denver.

"Concreting Problems in the Chats Falls Power
Development" by Col. H. L. Trotter, Fitzroy
Harbor, and Wilfred Schnaar, Hydro-Electric
Power Commission of Ontario, Toronto.

8 p. m. — 2nd Session

"Special Finish Concrete Sidewalks in Washing-
ton, D. C." is the subject of a proposed paper
for which arrangements are not yet complete.

"Cast Stone as a Means to Color in Architec-
ture" by Fred R. Lear, Department of Archi-
tecture, Syracuse University.
Pittsburgh Bridge Design and Construction with
Motion Pictures.

"The Design of Concrete Arches in Alleghany
County" by G. S. Richardson, Assistant Engi-
neer of Bridge Design, Bureau of Bridges, De-
partment of Public Works, Alleghany County,
Pa.

"The Construction of Concrete Arches in Alle-
ghany County" by X . R. Covell, Chief Engi-
neer, Bureau of Bridges, Department of Public
Works, Alleghany County, Pa.

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 2

9:30 a. m. — 3rd Session — Concrete Masonry
"The Structural Performance of Concrete Masonry
Walls" by F. E. Richart, Research Professor
of Engineering Materials, University of Illi-

"The Effect of Mortar Strength on the Strength
of Concrete Masonry Walls" by R. E. Cope-
land. Engineer Cement Products Bureau, and A.
G. Timms, Associate Engineer Research Labor-
atory, Portland Cement Association.

"The Strength of Concrete Masonry Walls after
Standard Fire Exposure" by C. A. Menzel,
Portland Cement Association.

"Properties and Problems of Masonry Cements"
by J. C. Pearson, Director of Research, Lehigh
Portland Cement Co.

Afternoon

There will be no session of the American Con-
crete Institute in the afternoon ; the period
will be free for inspection trips, general sight-
seeing and committee meetings.

8 p . m . — 4th Session

"The Design, Construction and Test of the Rogue
River Bridge" by Albin L. Gemeny, Senior
Structural Engineer, Bureau of Public Roads
and C. B. McCullough, Bridge Engineer, Ore-
gon State Highway Department.

Report of Committee 105, Reinforced Concrete
Column Investigation, F. E. Richart, Chairman.

"Deflections and Vibrations in High Structures"
by L. J. Mensch, Engineer and Contractor,
Chicago.

THURSDAY, MARCH 3

Morning

The Bureau of Public Roads and the Bureau of
Standards will be hosts to American Concrete
Institute visitors who will board busses at
the hotel for the round trip.

2 p. m. — 5th Session

Business of the Institute-
President's Address
Induction of officers.

"Studies of the Workability of Concrete," by
T. C. Powers, Portland Cement Association.

"New Studies of Light Weight Building Mater-
"als" by H. Herbert Hughes, Building Mater-

T0MPKINS-KIEL
MARBLE COMPANY

505 Fifth Avenue
NEW YORK CITY

Monadnock Building
SAN FRANCISCO

Chester Williams Building
LOS ANGELES

INGOT \ V / IRON

AMERICAN ROLLING
MILL COMPANY

540 TENTH ST., SAN FRANCISCO
Phone MArket 3495

ials Sectii

of Mines.

Office
Partitions

Reinhold sectional wood and
glass partitions (interchange-
able) may be adapted to any
modern office requirement in a
new or old building.

Complete Information File
sent on request

Pacific Manufacturing
Company-
High Class Interior Finish
Quality Millwork

Monadnock Bldg.. 641 Merrill Ave.,
San Francisco Los Angeles

GA rfield 7755 AX ridge 9011

1315 Seventh Street. Oakland
GL encourt 7850

The Architect and Engineer. February, 1932

109

CHAS. R. McCDRMICK LUMBER CD

LUMBER-TIMBER-PILES-SPARS
LATH- SHINGLES -PIR-TEX

GENERAL OFFICE

215 Market Street

Phone DOuglas 256 1

YARDS and TERMINAL

2000 Evans Avenue

Phone VAlencia 2700

SAN FRANCISCO. CALIFORNIA

Anderson & Ringrose

General Contractors

320 Market Street, San Francisco
Phone DO uglas 1373

W. H. PICARD, Inc.

PLUMBING, HEATING,

VENTILATING and

POWER PLANTS

5656 College Avenue

5662 Keith Avenue

Oakland California

Phones PI edmont 9004-9005

G.W.Williams Co., Ltd.

BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS

315 Primrose Road
Burlingame
Phone: Burlingame 6300

LEATHER-STEEL

RUBBER-COCOA

WOOD

Mats and Mattings

Manufactured and Installed by

LEATHER
MAT MFG. CO.. Inc.

340 Sansome St. San Francisco

Good Buildings Deserve
Good Hardware

581 Market Street

SUtter 6063

RAY COOK
MARBLE CO.

IMPORTED AND DOMESTIC
MARBLES

For Building Construction

Factory and Office:

FOOT OF POWELL ST., OAKLAND

Phone Piedmont 1009

DXNWIDDEE

CONSTRUCTION
COMPANY

Builders of the Russ Build-
ing and Hartford Insurance
Building, San Francisco; Life
Science Building, University
of California, Berkeley; Cen-
tral Bank Building, Oakland;
Glidden Factory, Berkeley.

CROCKER BUILDING
SAN FRANCISCO

"The Effect of Vibration on Concrete" — a pro-
report From Committee 106, R. F. Left-
wicli. Author-Cha'

"Teste of Transit Mixing11 by S. C. Holister,

- t of Structural Engineering, Purdue
University.

FRIDAY. MARCH 4

9:30 a. m. — Sixth -

5 p. m— The 28th Annual Dinner

"The Mt. Vernon Memorial Highway"

[or I lorn rete Pi

for Municipals Committee 902,

K Pavement Stan.lar.ls. F. C. Lang,
Chairman.

"The Mortal Voids Method ol Designing Con-
Mixtures" by Nr.rk Morris, Iowa State
Highway Department,

MacDonald & Kahn

General
Contractors

Financial Center Bldg.

405 Montgomery St.

San Franciico

The Architect and Engineer, February, 1932

THE

dR£HITE£T

AND

ENGINEER

MARCH 1932

that a

OTIS ELEVATOR

may more exactly
fill the needs of the architect

The folloiving comes from a letter by A. Moor-
man & Company, of Minneapolis, bank builders,
in commenting on a car installed by Otis in
Spokane, Washington: "This is the most beau-
tiful elevator car that tee have seen. The work-
manship is excellent and the finish, castings,
and all the equipment are as nearly perfect as
any one could hope to obtain."

It is the unanimous belief of every one within
the organization of Otis Elevator Company that
highest quality of materials and workmanship
give, in the long run, greatest value. This ap-
plies not only to such elevator mechanism as

motors and controllers and brakes, but to such
things as elevator entrances, fixtures, and cars
— visible portions of the elevator which can
either add to or detract from the appearance of
the building. Thus it is that Otis has a special
department of architectural designers, artists,
and craftsmen for the purpose of adapting mod-
ern architectural practice and the ideas of the
building architect to the visible details of an
elevator. Within this department many inter-
esting elevator cars and accessories of excellent
modern design have been created. Here also
craftsmen faithfully produce any special design
conceived by the architect.

OTIS

ELEVATOR COMPANY 339

OFFICES THROUGH-
OUT THE WORLD

THREE THEATERS of out-
standing design and interest are illus-
trated in this issue. Two of them, the
Paramount in Oakland and the Fox in
Spokane, represent modern tendencies,
while the third, the Fox in Santa Bar-
bara, is Mediterranean with some novel
interior features. The auditorium is deco-
rated to give an out-of-doors effect with
stars twinkling from above and groups
of Spanish houses to the right and left.

The Oakland Paramount is delight-
fully modern, quite different from any-
thing we have seen on the Pacific Coast
and unique for its startling facade of
bright-colored tile. Splendid taste in de-
sign and color characterize the interior
of this theater — Mr. Pflueger's master-
piece. Paramount is bigger than Oak-
land— it really belongs in San Francisco
or New York.

B. J. S. Cahill, than whom there is no
better architectural critic in the United
States, has written the Foreword for
the Paramount illustrations and his
graphic description of the building re-
flects a sensitive appreciation and fine
understanding of Mr. Pflueger and his
work. Mr. Cahill, by the way, has been
a valuable contributor to architectural
criticisms on the Pacific Coast, dating
as far back as 1900, when he wrote of the
Phoebe Hearst International Competition
(University of California), followed in
1901 by a review of the I. O. O. F. Co-
lumbarium in the San Francisco Exam-
iner, and The Architect and Engineer;
the San Francisco Civic C enter,
1904; the work of Wright and Polk,
Albert Pissis, Bliss and Faville, San
Francisco City Hall competition, the
work of Wm. H. Weeks and Henry
Smith, all in the American Builders' Re-
view, and the following articles in The
Architect and Engineer: The Blaney
Villa by Willis Polk, State Architecture,
the Panama Pacific Exposition, the Port-
land Auditorium, the Masonic Temple,
Bliss and Faville, Architects; Telephone
Building, San Francisco; Miller 6 Pflue-
ger, Architects, and 450 Sutter Street
by the same architects. Mr. Cahill's
articles, bound in a single volume, would
constitute a valuable contribution to
Pacific Coast architectural history.

TWO interesting numbers are
promised Architect and Engineer read-
ers in April and May. Henry Carlton
Newton and Robert Dennis Murray,
whose ecclesiastical edifices in Southern

California, are of outstanding interest,
have promised to give our readers a
portfolio of their recent work for the
April number. H. Roy Kelley, distin-
guished architect of Los Angeles, will
write the commentary and there will be
plans to add interest to the presentation.

In May the Annual House Number
will show many lovely homes up and
down the Coast, designed by well-known
architects.

JUST AROUND

THE

CORNER

Around

the corner I

have

a friend.

In this

great city that ha

s no end;

Yet daj

s go by and

week

rush on.

And before I know it a y

ar has gone.

And I r

ever see my

frien

d's face ;

For life

is a swift a

nd te

rrible race.

He kno

vs I like hin

just

as well.

As in the days whe
and he rails mine
then;

n I
We

ang his bell
were younger

But no*

■ we are busy, tir

d men—

Tired w

th playing a

fooli

ih game;

Tired w

th trying to

make

a name.

"Tomor

row," I say.

"I'll

call on Jim.

Just to

show him I'n

x thinking of him."

But ton

orrow comes

— anc

tomorrow-

goes ;

And the

distance bet

us grows and

grows

Around

the corner —

yet m

lies away.

"Here's
today

a telegram.

sir."

—Jim died

And th:
the e

nd—

get, and deserve in

Around

the corner, a

van

shed friend.

THERE seems to be a growing
sentiment in favor of the A. I. A. dis-
continuing its sponsorship of the Small
House Service Bureau, Inc. The New
Jersey Chapter appears to have started
something when it sent out a question-
naire several months ago asking the
views of Chapters and architectural so-
cieties with respect to the Bureau's activi-
ties. Many of the replies would seem to
indicate that the Bureau is no longer
needed; that it has served its purpose
by demonstrating to the public the need
of good design in small house construc-
tion. This mission having been fulfilled,
many seem to think the Bureau should
step aside and give the individual archi-
tect a chance.

Commissons are few these days and
architects who used to turn down house
work, now are glad, indeed, to have
even a small dwelling to design. Else-
where in this issue is printed a full re-
port of the New Jersey Chapter's cam-

paign. The editor asked for an opinion
from Robert D. Kohn, president of the
Institute. A reply was received from
his good secretary, Maud M. Acker, as
follows:

"In answer to your letter o[ February
Sth, Mr. Kohn asks me to quote him as
follows:

" 7 have always been interested in
the Small House Bureau. I have not only
thought it o[ great service in improving
tlic design of small liouses. and particu-
larly for those owners who tvould ordi-
narily get their plans from a lumber
dealer [or nothing, but I liave thought
the Bureau was of great value as an edu-
cational medium. It seems to me there
is no doubt that it has educated those
who participated in its work; the criti-
cisms o[ their fellow members liave been
of immense service to each of them.

" 'Whether or not the time has now
come when the potential benefits of the
Small House Service, both direct and in-
direct, are outweighed by the actual or
potential harm it may do to the private
practice of architects is a contentious
matter, probably to be debated at the
coming convention over which, as presi-
dent, I have to preside. I must therefore
abstain from any comment on it.' "

« :: ::

THE country joins with Presi-
dent Hoover in giving assurance to
timid hoarders of money that they should
restore their funds to circulation and
thereby increase the credit resources that
are needed for the recovery of business
and in meeting unemployment. It is
pointed out that money hidden away pro-
duces no profit and that confidence has
already been increased by the creation
of the Finance Corporation.

"All right, let's quit hoarding," says
the St. Louis Times. "Maybe there isn't
a cent in the savings account; perhaps
the old sock back of the clock is empty;
possibly the pay envelope doesn't have
so much in it as formerly — but there are
some other things that count for just as
much or more in life and it's entirely
possible that all the poor talk has made
us stingy with them. So let's stop hoard-
ing and put back into circulation such
things as human sympathies and smiles
and neighborly kindnesses. We're all
together in this thing, and the longer
it lasts the less time it will be before
it goes. Let's not be stingy with
the little recognitions and appreciations
that may help the other fellow to keep
on going with his head up. Let us be
generous with every little thing which
will tend to make courage and hopeful-
ness easier for our neighbors."

The Architect and Engineer, March, 1932

PORTLAND

LOS ANGELES

SALT LAKE CITY

Ramona Roof Tile, skillfully laid, are always in good taste,
add a distinct charm of form and color, and are the acme of
permanence in roof construction. Above is shown a detail
of Ramona Tile on the S. C Fish home, Piedmont, Cali-
fornia; Ray F. Keefer, Architect.

N. CLARK * SONS

1 16 Natoma Street

Phone GArfield 3970

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.

Manufacturer! of Fine Clay Products

The Architect and Engineer. March. 1932

THE

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER

MARCH 1932
VOLUME 108
NUMBER THREE

THE PARAMOUNT THEATER, OAKLAND

OR nearly a generation
American Architecture has flowed in two
streams not only bounded by separate
channels but going in almost opposite di-
rections. One tendency is to be stylistic
and historical: the other, to be modern or
futuristic. A curious feature of the first,
is seen in what may be termed the summary
or synoptical mode. In this the architect
starts out to design a Tudor school, a
Renaissance theater or a Mediterranean
villa. He first assembles a photo collection
of notable examples from England. Italy.
France or Spain, picks out the striking
features of each, separates them from their
sober and sedate setting and crowds them
together in one structure: a concentrated
resume of practically all that was ever
done in that particular style. The result,
however stupendous, erudite or pictorial,
somehow fails to register. It is all familiar,
a threadbare, thrice-told tale. Perhaps this
method of summary and synopsis really
expresses a desire to throw down the
whole stock in trade, bag of tricks or what
you will, in one last gesture — old period
stock going at bargain prices and at a sac-
rifice— to a public about fed up on the his-
toric styles and their interminable adapta-
tions.

On the other hand, the protagonists of
the new art have had to create fresh forms
as it were out of nothing: an entirely dif-

B. J. S. CAHILL, A. I. A.

ferent and enormously more difficult under-
taking.

However, youth, enthusiasm and genius
take up the task, nothing daunted and per-
haps at times with the valor of ignorance
for no one can realize the inertia to be
overcome, the endless labor, the failures
and grief that waylay the doughty explor-
ers of new territory.

We are going to describe briefly such an
attempt which is not only a vindication of
the spirit which dares, but a triumph of
creative ability, the Paramount Theater of
Oakland. California, designed by J. R.
Miller and T. L. Pflueger. the architects of
the Telephone Building. Four-fifty Sutter
Street and the new Stock Exchange, all of
San Francisco, and notable achievements
in modern design which have alreadv at-
tracted world-wide attention and emphatic
approval.

A modern movie-vaudeville theater in a
large town must have central location,
necessarilv on high priced property. A
building that does not need exterior light
but does need isolation from street noises
is best placed, therefore, in the dead center
of a block, a long approach to it taking up
the minimum of street frontage of say 50' x
100'. This narrow frontage has just two
things to do: admit and discharge the audi-
ence and advertise the house. It is logically,
all doorways on the sidewalk line horizon-
tally and. from the marquise up. all sign
boards vertically. These are the important

< " ►

two things to which all other details must
be contributory. The entrance spot, there-
fore must be lighted with maximum bril-
liance for those already at hand while the
theater sign overhead must be of the ut-
most magnitude to carry long distance all
over town. A mere architectural facade

treatments suggest themselves and hun-
dreds have been designed. Now the main
object of advertising a theater is to con-
front the public with something utterly
new, arresting and unforgettable. To do
this calls for more than ingenuity, it de-
mands genius.

The general tune of the walls is dark ivory, with figures
in gold leaf. The pilasters are a few shades darker than
the walls. The ceiling is a pale gray-green, with ornamental
band surrounding it in gold and silver leaf.

with a skeleton electric sign, apparently an
after thought, is the usual device which
shows how so many of our architects have
failed to grasp the essentials and break
away from conventions. In the Oakland
Paramount Theater the solid sign is. with
tremendous emphasis, the dominant motif.
It is big and massive; thick, wide and the
full height of the theater 120 feet. It boldly
cuts the front into two sections: blank walls
rising sheer and flat some 20' by 100' each.
What would an intelligent designer do
with these spaces? Hundreds of ornamental

MEZZANINE FOYER, PARAMOUNT THEATER,

OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA

J. R. Miller and T. L. Pflueger, Architects

A few people may take absolute delight
in the very original solution of this problem
at first sight, but no one can pass by and
ignore or forget it, and that is the main
objective aimed at.

The first impression imparts a bewilder-
ing sense of a colossal effigy in each panel:
gigantic murals with many lesser figures,
though of heroic proportions, imposed on
these larger ones and all done in brilliant
color on large glazed tesserae, mosaic
fashion, bordered with a solid band of ma-
roon or mulberry stained quarries on a field

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 12 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

of gold which constitute the holding tones
for the whole facade.

While the meaning of these vast screens
of brilliantly colored figures may seem at
first obscure, if not bizarre and bewilder-
ing, it will prove upon study to be of extra-
ordinary interest and of a significance and

tertainment from ancient to modern times:
from Lysicrates to Morris Gest — from the
spectacles of the Colosseum and the Field
of the Cloth of Gold to the modern pag-
eants, choruses and the spectacular marvels
of Hollywood for all the world to enjoy
comfortably, inexpensively and continu-

The walls are a dull coral. Bands surrounding ceiling,
graded coral tones. Ceiling warm tan with light domes in
gold and silver. Pilasters are a deep rose with incised
ornament in gold and silver.

suitableness simply gorgeous in its per-
fectly fitting simplicity. For these two vast
figures of a man and a woman, draped in
embroidered folds of an Ionian chiton down
to their feet, with their heads in a field of
stars and stripes, are no less than personi-
fications of the genius of drama and show-
manship in all its branches. These figures
have their arms folded and from their fin-
gers hang a dozen strings which work the
puppets and marionettes of the plays and
the circuses, the spectacles and exhibitions
which make up the subjects of popular en-

UPPER FOYER, PARAMOUNT THEATER,

OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA

J. R. Miller and T. L. Pflueger, Architects

ously by means of that modern miracle, the
Sounding Silver Screen.

The two important interior requirements
of a movietone theater, taking emphatic
precedence of all others, are first that the
spectators may see and second that the
audience may hear.

The plan shows 3580 seats divided be-
tween the main floor and one large balcony.
A section along the center reveals the up-
ward curve of both floors to secure perfect
views of the screen from each curved row
of seats, while the plan indicates five aisles

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 13 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

n a Is, I rayish Ian. ceiling
panels in glazed over tones

of gRCn and lavender, and

Id and silver.
Ornamental door frames at

deep ma!-

Milhcork by Pacific M

MEZZANINE LOUNGE. PARAMOUNT THEATER.

OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA

J. R. Miller and T. L. Pflueger, Architects

and four blocks of units each 2' 10" from
back to back and from 19" to 22" wide:
good roomy chairs of the most approved
design and the last word in comfort.

The provision for good hearing, now of
such supreme importance, deserve some
special comment since it also determines the
shape of the auditorium, its design and
even the character of its ornamentation and
artificial lighting. It is very important in-
deed, in considering the architecture of this
well thought out theater to bear in mind
the masterly grasp of the prime essentials
towards which all subsidiary details contri-
bute: the invariable earmarks of a work of
genius. For none but a really first class
mind can go directly to the root and core
of any problem that engages its attention.
The second class man is often beguiled into
seeking certain subsidiary though desirable
effects which he often achieves at the ex-
pense of the essentials, whereas the genius
transmutes the essentials themselves into
these effects.

The expression of this in the field of
biology is called adaptation. The supreme

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

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MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

Will piers, which are
pierced by illuminated fight
panels, are red. The side-
walls where mirrored niche
occurs are gray. The ceil-
ing beams are tan, and the
patterns between are red
and tan, with silver. Car-
pet is green.

GROUND FLOOR LOUNGE, PARAMOUNT THEATER,

OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA

[. R. Miller and T. L. Pflueger, Architects

architect achieves it by evolutionary pro-
cesses and scientific investigators of the
works of nature never cease to dilate on
and to wonder at them.

For example, good acoustics in a the-
ater demand two things, sonority or reso-
nance for massed volume of sound on the
one hand, and absence of echo and rever-
beration on the other. Moreover, an effec-
tive auditorium should approximate the
form of a horn, narrow at the source,
thence widening out preferably with a gen-
eral upward trend, since sound mounts up-
ward as it expands.

Straight walls of concrete are very bad
for both conditions. Being rigid they do
not vibrate and being smooth and hard
they send back sharp unpleasant echoes.
It follows that the rectangular structural
concrete shell of a theater auditorium must
be supplemented with an inner false shell
of plaster on wire which will give the horn
curves to the enclosure on the one hand
and supply also those vibrant walls corre-
sponding with the wooden shell of a violon-
cello. But if the surface of this inner lining

HEN'S SMOKING ROOM— Wall
veneer with Prima-vera trim,
tan and silver. Illuminated frieze

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

MARCH. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

is also smooth it will still give back un-
pleasant echoes. The surface therefore
must be covered with sound-absorbing,
sound-interference material, like cloth or
tapestry, or else have its surface uniformly
broken up, scratched or roughened. An-
other acoustical rule forbids large open-

of good audition. We now also begin to
see the raison d'etre for the extraordinary
incised glyptic decorations of the walls, the
fluted light columns" each side of the
stage, the close grille screening the organ
lofts, and the amazing "fin" formed illumi-
nating panel which crowns the entire audi-

Ceiling is of metal fins illuminated from behind. Lights of
vari,,u> colore are projected against a flat plaster ceiling
six feet above the fins and the light is reflected down
through and against the sides of the fins.

ings in walls or ceilings, so that open side
boxes and recessed skylights or very deep
panels are also taboo.

In other words the main inner frame
must have more or less curved smooth gen-
eral surfaces free to vibrate, yet at the
same time present these surfaces broken up
all over into small corrugations. The walls
and ceilings of the Paramount Theater are
all thin and suspended: they curve both in
plan toward the proscenium and in section
down to it, while the floors curve up away
from it, thus fulfilling the major demands

AUDITORIUM CEILING. PARAMOUNT THEATER.

OAKLAND. CALIFORNIA

]. R. Miller and T. L. Pflueger, Architects

torium from front to rear.

They are artistic, ingenious and orig-
inal devices to preserve the general large
scale smoothness of the interior shell and
yet impart a small scale roughness to all
the surfaces to the good acoustical end of
resonance without echo; audibility without
reverberation.

Thus we see that all the novel, astonish-
ing and seemingly inexplicable features
that give this theater its extra distinction
are in truth merely the means to make it a

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 16 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

perfect auditorium from a purely practical
point of view.

The great originality of these devices in
their threefold function of yielding perfect
light, sight and sound in an interior and
giving it at the same time a decorative char-
acter quite different from anything ever

or seven motives worked by a sculptor on
very large, thin plaster slabs which are laid
up one above another in the vertical panels
defined by each set-off by which the the-
ater is widened as we recede from the pro-
scenium. They are suitably modeled in the
quick bold manner of an adept: unpremed-

before done, surely calls for admiration
and astonishment no less on account of its
fitness and beauty than for the inexpensive
simplicity by which these charming, exclu-
sive effects have been brought into being.
The walls of the auditorium and their
margin strips, as well as the soffit of the
gallery, receive their surface roughening
by boldly designed border ornaments
and a field completely covered with low
relief figures, symbols and arabesques giv-
ing a general sense of rich texture as of
great tapestries, done however in a sort of
gigantic sgraffito. There seems to be six

BALCONY SOFFIT. PARAMOUNT THEATER.

OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA

J. R. Miller and T. L. Pflueger, Architects

itated and without a trace of niggling,
touching up or smoothing out, so dear to
the artizan, so abhorred by the artist. The
many human figures in the huge scheme
which are repeated in unexpected places
seem well proportioned in the mass and,
though roughly done are utterly devoid of
"Epstein" ugliness. Worked in a cork-
colored monotone these great hieroglyphic
bas-reliefs with their silver-gilt borders
take on the varied hues of the general il-
lumination as manipulated from the light
maestro's switch-board.

The notable absence of tame, conven-

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 17 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

tional symmetries and mechanical repeti-
tions of everyday architecture reveals it-
self in the variety and unexpectedness of
all the details of these wall decorations. A
notable illustration of this is seen in organ
screen designs alongside the proscenium.
These are defined by ascending fluted and

gorgeous chameleonic changes of color
which literally drench the whole interior,
perhaps the principal source of pleasure
to the public, next of course to the picture
on the screen.

The illumination of the Paramount The-
ater issues from three sources in the main,

Warm gray walls, with redish tint pilasters and illumi
glass panels. The ceiling surrounding domed sectit
tan, interrupted by silyer fluted bands. The dome is
with redish ornaments. The relief figure on the wi
in silver metal, as is also the trim throughout.

reeded columns which curl and intertwine
far overhead in interlacing volutes and
branching spirals quite alluringly unsym-
metrical. Over the proscenium the char-
ioted Neptune and Wave motif is a model
of free and rapid design broadly general-
ized to give accent to a dominant position
without undue obtrusiveness and at the
same time to leave no large surface too
smooth and uniform.

But all the multitudinous modellings of
the walls and ceilings, done as we have
pointed out in the main for acoustical rea-
sons, are subordinated as ornament to the

WOMEN'S LOUNGE, PARAMOUNT THEATER.

OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA

J, R. Miller and T. L. Pflueger, Architects

none of them, however, direct. These are
the floriated and bulbous pendents at the
side of the main auditorium ceiling and
under the gallery; the "Columns of Incan-
descence" flanking the stage, and the huge
and splendid "Canopy of Light" which
dominates the roof from end to end.

By a most intricate and lavish system
of concealed red, yellow and blue bulbs
all colors of the rainbow can be blended
and turned on in succession: sheer glow-
ing crimson to fleshy pink: dark night —
skv blue through royal purple to the most
delicate orchid, deep sea and spring bud

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 18 ►

MARCH. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

green and every shade of jade. The whole
threefold scheme of color works in unison
and the variety of tones in which the whole
theater can be saturated is something rich
and ravishing beyond words.

The ingenious methods of indirect light-
ing transcends anything of the kind the
writer has yet seen. The principle of the
pendent throwing colored rays across the
ceiling overhead is, of course, well known
and in common use. But the columns of
light aside the stage — a giant shaft of
fluted incandescence, is new. It is of the
order of a quarter circle pillar whose radius
is 5 feet and height fifty feet. It is not of
glass but of silvered sheet metal built up
in alternate brackets of a printer's fount
thus ) ( ) ( with an intermediate ogee
section — all of which are placed vertically
from floor to ceiling with open slots be-
tween. The lights inside shine through
the crevices and illuminate the extruded
silver surfaces with a softly graduated
glow impossible to distinguish at a little
distance from actual translucence. And
then as the colors are gradually changed
the columns too seem to melt from shade
to shade and strength to strength by some
protean magic as bewildering as it is
beautiful.

The great "Canopy of Light" overhead
is wrought with something of the same
technique. The whole vast panel, or series
of overlapping panels, is worked out on
the ceiling plane with an elaborate grille
of sheet metal surfaces twelve inches on
edge. This, it will be remembered in the
cause of good acoustics, is to break into
small cellular pockets this otherwise too
smooth surface. Through this colander of
openings one looks at a white surface sev-
eral feet beyond. From each side the light
bulbs throw their colored rays which also
suffuse the upper surface. Seen from be-
low, the effect is quite startling because so
unexpected and inexplicable. The light is
reflected from all these shining silvery fin
surfaces seen at varying angles and in dif-
ferent lengths of foreshortening giving op-
tical illusions of rounded surfaces, model-
lings of color and effulgences of light ut-
terly different from any result expected —
illusions of illumination that baffle and be-
witch you.

In serious and solemn buildings, like a
church or a community mausoleum, the
author has many times deplored the use of
applique work and architectural scenery.
He has contended that false inner furring
to create stylistic effects masking the real
beams, columns and curtain walls of the
structure are errors of design. In such
buildings there should be no boxed-in
spaces, no hidden hollows, nor voids. Such
devices in the theatre, however are com-
mendable. First because outer solid walls
without any openings anywhere except for
entrances and exits are a necessity imposed
by common sense and building laws. This
alone effectually guarantees against con-
flagration dangers. The Paramount The-
ater proper has no outside openings, either
at the sides or on the roof. And we have
shown how a false inner shell is needed
for acoustical reasons. Moreover the very
essence of a staged exhibition is make-be-
lieve and scenery. Illusion after all is the
Supreme Deity of Drama and the Show
business.

In passing from the entry vestibule to
the grand lobby we come straight upon a
splendid example of theatrical make-be-
lieve. This vast chamber is entirely im-
mured in a solid concrete box, 50 feet by
100 feet by eighty feet high. The part
which reveals itself inside is about 40 feet
by eighty feet by sixty feet and, strange to
relate, has seven high windows on each
side, and a huge grilled window at the
front and all along the ceiling. These illu-
sions are worked out with electric lights
and a honey-combed grillage of silver fins
as in the main Auditorium but substituting
rectangularity of detail in the former for
curvilinear lines in the latter.

The impression this lofty lobby conveys
is magnificent, mysterious and unforget-
table. A low base yet high enough to in-
clude the battery of entrance doors, ex-
tends all around of black marble contin-
uously banded with horizontal silver bars.
From this the tall windows with splayed
iambs rise in regular rectangles of light.
Both side groups are recessed in wide
borders stepped up in four planes which
continue from end to end. These longi-
tudinal bands on each side account for at
least a half of the total width of the room.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

M 19 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

They give the sense of plain borders deli-
cately striped with soft shadows of the off-
sets. These two plain window motives are
of a dull red or cinnabar color, literally
monotones of a slightly muddy vermilion.
The single long central section in between
from end to end is a highly illuminated
field of embroidered green which descends
at the grand stair landing to form a hang-
ing archway to the balcony beyond while
at the opposite end over the front doors it
forms a verdant background for a great
"Fountain of Light." The excellent illus-
trations showing both ends of this grand
lobby express something of the extraordi-
nary effect of this uniquely conceived hall
— the architectural preludium to the the-
ater beyond. The dominating motif is the
huge green patterned panel of light hung
as it were longitudinally in one great tapis-
vert of corrscating embroidery with bord-
ers of labyrinthine fret-work around a field
of diamond shaped patterns and illusive
stalactites of seemingly vitreous illumina-
tion, magically worked with patches and
spicule of green light itself as though un-
seen lenses were focussing all the color of
the forest on to a bed of monster crystals.
The whole beaded glittering area does not
however suggest the hardness of reflect-
ing quartz but the softness and elusiveness
of dappling sun beams filtered through
spring foliage and falling on the rippling
waves of a moss bottomed brook.

Architectural decorative design has
something in common with both music and
mathematics. It does not really picture
actual things so much as the "logic of rela-
tions," abstractions, symbols and pure
form: "Mehr ausdruck empfindung als
malerei" — more expression of feeling than
painting. When moreover a definite motif
is highly symbolized and therefore de-
nuded of material attributes, it begins to
be already rather algebraic than pictorial.
And when many of the patterns of life
are stripped to their essentials, differences
disappear and one symbol may mean many
things.

"The Fountain of Life" over the main
entrance is worked in six or seven planes
of sand blasted glass. It purports to rep-
resent waves of water bubbling and boiling

up from a center: rising higher and higher
and finally curling over. Perhaps, since
water falls in parabolas and not in sheer
vertical lines, this imagery emerges as an-
other picture equally effective in a hall of
so much esoteric suggestiveness; the image
of a high phantasmal Buddha. But what-
ever interpretation we put on this simply
conceived device, its effect is amazingly
impressive, and whether it is the spirit of
water or the water flower, the lotus, or

the Lotus deity himself is all one.

* * •

Of all the problems the architect is
called upon to solve not one exceeds in
complexity the planning of a modern the-
ater. The work involved is enormous in
proportion to the material used in the
actual structure. To the ordinary tasks of
planning are added those of advertising,
acoustics, seating, heating, ventilation and
innumerable subsidiary difficulties of light-
ing de luxe as well as the mechanical
needs of the stage. All these alone :nake
the task difficult and exacting, even when
an accepted historical type of architectural
design and ornament is adopted. But when
we add to the many technical difficulties of
a theater plan the need of absolutely cre-
ating a new style and type of design in
which to invest these many findings of an
expert technical mind, the task becomes
almost superhuman.

A diligent scrutiny of the blue prints of
this Paramount Theater has filled the
writer v/ith astonishment at the problems
presented and admiration for their mas-
terly solution.. One has a natural reluct-
ance to make too familiar with the hal-
lowed word "genius." It is, in an archi-
tect, decidedly not the facile ability to make
an impressive drawing, but to create a new
masterly building, a building that shall ful-
fill the functions of its being down to the
last push-button, yet at the same time pro-
duce those effects of inspiration that give
perpetual pleasure to millions.

The Paramount Theater from these con-
siderations is, therefor, unquestionably an
architectural creation of positive genius. It
is doubtful whether there is any other
movietone theater at once so efficient, so
well equipped, so beautiful and so original
anvwhere else in the world.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

GRAND LOBBY TOWARDS STAIRWAY, PARAMOUNT

THEATER, OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA

J. R. MILLER AND T. L. PFLUEGER, ARCHITECTS

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER ^ 21 ^

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

PLANS. PARAMOUNT THEATER. OAKLAND. CALIFORNIA
]. R. MILLER AND T. L. PFLUEGER. ARCHITECTS

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 22 ►

MARCH. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

GRAND LOBBY, PARAMOUNT THEATER. OAKLAND

J. R. MILLER AND T. L. PFLUEGER. ARCHITECTS

This view is towards the entrance. The silvery bands
and etched glass doors. The illuminated feature over

side-walls carry through the black lacqu
e entrance is of sandblasted and etched gla;

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER -^ 23 ^

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

THE PARAMOUNT THEATER
Oakland. California

Miller 6 Pflueger, Architects
George Wagner, General Contractor

Cement —

SANTA CRUZ PORTLAND CEMENT
COMPANY. Crocker Building San Fran-
cisco.
PACIFIC PORTLAND CEMENT COM-
PANY, 1 1 1 Sutter Street, San Francisco.
Reinforcing Steel and Steel Pans —

SOULE STEEL COMPANY, 1750 Army
Street, San Francisco.
Lumber —

SUNSET LUMBER COMPANY, 400 High

Street. Oakland.
E. K. WOOD LUMBER COMPANY, Freder-
ick and Wood Streets, Oakland.
Millwork —

PACIFIC MANUFACTURING COMPANY,
Monadnock Building, San Francisco.
Acoustical Treatment —

WAYLAND COMPANY, 563 Second Street,

San Francisco.
JOHNS - MANVILLE CORPORATION, 159
New Montgomery Street, San Francisco.
Ornamental Metal —

MICHEL 6 PFEFFER IRON WORKS, H15
Harrison Street, San Francisco.
Miscellaneous Iron —

DAHLSTROM METALLIC DOOR COM-
PANY, 3350 East Slauson Avenue, Los
Angeles.
Main Auditorium & Lobby Ceilings, Marquis
and Sheet Metal Work —

CAPITOL ART METAL COMPANY, Inc.,
1 1 29 Howard Street, San Francisco.
Marble —

VERMONT MARBLE COMPANY, 244 Bran-
nan Street, San Francisco.
Broadway Tile Front and Interior Tile Work
GLADDING, McBEAN & COMPANY, 660
Market Street, San Francisco.
Roofing —

PARAFFINE COMPANIES, 475 Brannan
Street, San Francisco.
Ornamental Cast Plastering —

AUGUST DAKERT 6 COMPANY, 1450-15th
Street, San Francisco.
Vacuum Cleaning System —

WILLIAM J. FORSTER COMPANY, 355-4th
Street, San Francisco.
Sprinkler System —

J. H. PINKERTON COMPANY, 927 Howard
Street. San Francisco.
Electrical Equipment —

FRANK ADAM ELECTRIC COMPANY, 340
Fremont Street, San Francisco.
Theatrical Stage Equipment —

PETER CLARK. Inc., 544 West 30th Street,
New York City.
Carpets —

W. & J. SLOANE, 216 Sutter Street, San Fran-

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

^t 24 ^ MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

AUDITORIUM, PARAMOUNT THEATER, OAKLAND
J. R. MILLER AND T. L. PFLUEGER, ARCHITECTS

Sculptured wall and ceiling panels. (Robert Boardman Howard, Sculptor) . The wall strips are finished in metal
leaf the bands graded from copper tone to silver, using Yangated Leaf, Dutch metal and aluminum leal, columns
along side of stage are of silvry metal sections with crevices between the over-lapping strips through which
light is projected from behind. Ceiling, illuminated metal fins.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

A 25 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

Photo by Moid

DETAIL, SIDE WALL OF AUDITORIUM,
PARAMOUNT THEATER, OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA

J. R. MILLER AND T. L. PFLUEGER, ARCHITECTS

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER ^ 27 ^ MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

Photo t

DETAIL, FOX THEATER. SPOKANE
R. C. REAMER. ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITF.CT AND ENGINEER

^ S ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

FOX THEATER, SPOKANE, WASHINGTON
R. C. Reamer, Architect

THE FOX THEATER AT SPOKANE,
WASHINGTON

HE theater or play-
house has for its basic purpose entertain-
ment, play. It is a place where people
gather together for relaxation from the
routine order of their lives and for par-
ticipation in the joys, the happiness, the
dangers, the thrilling excitements, the
loves, the tragedies of those who in per-
son, or in well-nigh as realistic pictures,
appear before them. The theater therefore

R. C. REAMER, Architect

is essentially imaginative in its appeal, and
its arrangement and its decoration should
be in conformity with this fundamental
characteristic. The playhouse is for play —
for romance — for escape from the unevent-
ful monotonies of life. As such, it is appro-
priate that its exterior suggest to the be-
holder the entertainment and the pleasure
that is to be found within and invite his
entrance to that happy place which the
cause and humdrum dullnesses of life are
safely walled away.

M 29 ►

PLAN, FOX THEATER, SPOKANE WASHINGTON
R. C. Reamer. Architect

The theater is likewise a business and
a commercial enterprise. It aims to make
money. For the furtherance of this purpose
the achievement of desired effects, of "at-
mosphere," of attractiveness, of comfort
and of all those arrangements necessary
for the care and handling of the audience
without undue cost or excessive expense
is, as always, desirable. It is very prob-
able that the next decade will be more
appreciative of this form of architectural
cooperation than the past has been.

The accompanying views and plan are
representative and probably sufficiently
explanatory of the Fox Theater, Spokane,
Washington, which was recently opened.
The site of the building is in the central
business district. Spokane has a warm
summer climate but, like all of the country
lying east of the Cascade range, exper-
iences very cold winters. The concrete of

the lower exterior was poured against
wooden forms lined with fiber board, yet
with such a spacing of the wooden form-
boards that their position is indicated in
the concrete surface.

The walls of the main auditorium were
poured with sliding forms, ten days of
continuous pouring being required to com-
plete the operation. The large butterfly
panels of the Monroe Street facade are
9'-6" by 12'-9" in size; the projection or
relief is 10" from the plans of the wall.
They were poured in place in plaster
moulds and their concrete is integral with
that of the remainder of the building. A
finishing color coat was applied over the
exterior to produce a uniform gray-white
tone. Aluminum trim was used for the
shop windows. Small clay tile of incon-
spicuous color were applied as a base
course. The seating capacity is 2.500.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 30 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

FOX-ARLINGTON THEATER,
SANTA BARBARA

ROM the old to the
new describes in a word the design and
furnishings of the Fox Arlington Theater
at Santa Barbara. Here the architect and
artists have combined their talents to create
a playhouse that breathes the romance of
old Spain and early California. G. A. Mar-
tin, in a recent article descriptive of the
theater says: "The new Fox Arlington is
not the brain creation of an artist or an
architect thrown together in a haphazard
way to make it pleasing to the eye, but it
is historically correct in all of the details,
authentic and a counterpart of something,
either a building, a piece of furniture, a
decoration or a lighting fixture from the old
world.

As one approaches the theater his atten-
tion is first rested by the beautiful marquise.
It is an adaptation of Spanish canopy with
a valance in metal around the lower edge
cut to a Spanish design. On top of the
marquise is a cresting of wrought iron
scroll work with a wrought iron cartouche
in the center. The whole marquise is paint-
ed white to match the exterior of the build-
ing. The reflector ceiling plan is executed
in the design of a Spanish compass, and
the points of this compass will show true
direction.

The ticket booth is placed at the front
of the Paseo, and is a composition of tile
and hand wrought iron. The lower, or
counter portion, is an interesting design in
blue and gold tiles, carefully handmade in
replica of antique 13th century Tunisian

tiles, with all the irregularities and warped
surface characteristic of those early crafts-
men. The canopy is of wrought iron with
bars opened into an old Sevellian pattern,
running u.o to an iron frieze surmounted by
a typical Spanish motif of a shield and sup-
porting figures. The counter is entirely of
colored tile with provision for two cashiers
who have a built-in money vault between
them.

Midway in the arcaded portion of the
Paseo is a charming fountain such as is
found in the smaller patios and interior gar-
dens of certain noted Provincial Spanish
villas, and closely resembles the famous
pool of the Generalite, Granada, with its
border of mosaic tile and rim of red tile on
edge. These red tiles which stand on edge
are joined with white cement the same
thickness as the tile, and extend fourteen
inches above the walk level, forming the
outline of the fountain basin. The sunken
basin is in brilliant colored tile, blue and
green predominating. Flanking the walk on
either side of the arcade are luxuriant semi-
tropical plants. These make lovely outlines
against the white walls in the background.

Above the entrance loggia on a back-
ground of clouds and sky is a mural of
which Santa Barbara may well be proud.
It was painted by Samuel Armstrong, the
famous mural artist, himself, and is a thing
of life and beauty. It depicts the various
old Spanish dances which prevailed in
Santa Barbara in the early days.

The entrance to the foyer from the loggia
is afforded by five circular headed, richly
panelled doors. The foyer itself is a spac-

^31 ►

ious barrel vaulted hall adapted from a
room in the Castillo de los Condes de Per-
cleda. From this vault are suspended three
handwrought iron chandelliers each over
six feet in diameter. These were hand
forged especially for the theater from the
architect's sketches made after a careful
study of the early vigorous ironwork of the

treatment and enriched by the hand-carved
furnishings and elaborate wall hangings.

From either end of the foyer rise the two
graceful main staircases. Dissimilar in their
general design and unusual in character,
these staircases are rich in tile and light
intricate iron detail. The steps are bordered
in tile and covered with deep antique gold

Photo by Wooa\

fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Supple-
mentary light is supplied by wall lanterns
of similar character. The lighting fixtures
throughout the theater are unusually inter-
esting as each was made from the archi-
tect's sketches for its particular place and
in most cases are replicas of very fine mu-
seum pieces.

In character with the best Spanish work
the hall is marked by the omission of ornate
detail, and the impressive effect is obtained
by the well-proportioned architectural

ENTRANCE LOGGIA, FOX ARLINGTON THEATER.

SANTA BARBARA

William A. Edwards, Architect; J. J. Plunkett

carpet, giving a rich effect.

Continuing up the stairway past the bal-
cony floor one comes upon the unique
Clubo Chico,' which overhangs the pro-
jecting room like an old Monterey balcony.
This room is entirely enclosed in plate
glass. Here one may entertain a group of
friends and see the picture without disturb-
ing or being disturbed. Behind El Clubo
Chico' is an open balcony overlooking the

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 32 ►

MARCH. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

city of Santa Barbara. This is furnished
with stick reed tables and chairs. Here par-
ties are served with luncheon, tea or dinner
from the complete little kitchen adjoining.
Off the foyer, to the right, are the lounge
and ladies' rest room. The lounge is typi-
cally Spanish, with its hand-carved walnut
tables and chairs, and heavy davenports

stone bridge spans a mountain stream. One
can see for miles up this stream and far
into the mountains beyond. The bridge is
the proscenium arch, and the scene the as-
bestos curtain.

The arch of the bridge has a clear span
of fifty feet and a rise of thirty feet, and is
designed to accommodate the latest type

Photo by Woodcock

upholstered in antique velour. Carrying the
same tones as the elaborately stenciled
beamed ceiling and hanging above the big
table at the right as you enter is a large
hand-embroidered tapestry of Spanish de-
sign.

The breath-taking surprise comes when
one passes from the richly furnished, well
lighted foyer into what seems to be the
moonlit plaza of some early Andaluvian
village. (This is, of course, in reality the
auditorium. ) At the end of the plaza an old

FOUNTAIN AND ENTRANCE LOGGIA.

FOX ARLINGTON THEATER, SANTA BARBARA

William A. Edwards, Architect; J. J. Plunkett

of motion picture, known as the Grandure'
screen. From the stage a flight of old stone
steps makes it possible to cross over the
bridge high above the heads of the audi-
ence, thereby permitting novel stage pres-
entations.

The buildings, which surround the audi-
ence and from the plaza, are actual size in
profile only. They reflect to a large degree
the development of different types of archi-

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 33 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

Photo by Woodcock

tecture in Spain and early California. They
all, however, represent the romantic and
picturesque side of Spanish life. The build-
ings themselves are complete in appearance
to the last detail, with the roofs, chimneys,
iron grill, weather vanes and even lighted
windows. The lanterns which hang from
the ceilings and walls are authentic copies
of fifteenth century Catalonian street
lamps. The potted plants in the windows
and on the balconies add a realistic touch.

The elliptical vault of the ceiling, one
hundred and fifty feet in length and one
hundred feet in width, is constructed of
light fabricated metal and covered with
acoustical plaster of the latest type. It is
colored a deep blue with cold water paint,
and through the star-shaped openings in
the plaster lights flicker on and off, giving
a very realistic appearance of a moonlit

SIDE WALL OF AUDITORIUM. FOX ARLINGTON
THEATER, SANTA BARBARA. CALIFORNIA
William A. Edwards, Architect; J. J. Plunkett

sky. Contributing further to the moonlight
effect are the dark shadows cast by the
buildings and the silhouettes of trees
against the sky.

The ends of the auditorium seats are an
adaptation of Spanish benches that were
used during the fifteenth century in and
around Segovia. The carpet on the isles and
the floor under the overhanging balconies
was made especially for the theater to rep-
resent tile used during this same period."

John M. Gambol, who personally super-
vised the decoration, says:

"The interior of the theater is treated as
a picture. It is assumed that the light comes
from an unseen moon which is to the left
and behind the bridge which forms the pro-
scenium arch."

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY- TWO

FOX ARLINGTON THEATER,

SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA

WILLIAM A. EDWARDS, ARCHITECT; J. J. PLUNKETT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 35 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

STAGE ENTRANCE, FOX ARLINGTON THEATER,

SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA

WILLIAM A. EDWARDS, ARCHITECT: J. J. PLUNKETT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER -^ 37 ► MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

THE UNION PASSENGER TERMINAL
AT LOS ANGELES

HE recent decision
of the California Railroad Commission
approving the plans submitted by the
Southern Pacific Company for a union
station at the Plaza in Los Angeles brings
to a close one phase at least of the contro-
versy as to the location and type of this
station. At least fifteen years of litigation
have ensued, relating principally to juris-
diction. Complaints were filed with the
Railroad Commission in 1916 which asked
that body to order the elimination of the
grade crossings along the river and across
Alameda Street and to require the South-
ern Pacific, the Santa Fe, and the Los
Angeles and Salt Lake (now the Union
Pacific) railways to provide and use a
union passenger station. The jurisdiction
of the Railroad Commission to order a
union station was not at first questioned.
The jurisdiction of the Railroad Commis-
sion to order a separation of grades was
upheld by the Supreme Court of California
June 11, 1917, which issued a mandate to
the Commission to make an investigation
of the entire matter. In 1918 and 1919 a
body of engineers, of which the writer was
one, under the direction of Richard Sachse,
then chief engineer of the Commission,
made a report, recommending the short
viaduct plan of grade separation, and the
location of a union station at the Plaza.

April 26, 1921, the Railroad Commis-
sion ordered the railroads to file plans for
the erection of a passenger station at some
site within a defined area in the vicinity

*Mr. Hill was formerly Structural and Railway Engineer for the Cali-
fornia Railroad Commission.

GEORGE S. HILL

of the Plaza. All residents of Los Angeles
know that the Plaza is a small circular park
which marks the center of the original
pueblo of Los Angeles.

December 3, 1921, the Railroad Com-
mission modified the previous order and di-
rected the railroads to procure lands and
to proceed with the construction of a union
station upon approval of the plans.

December 19, 1922, the Supreme Court
of California ruled that the Federal trans-
portation act of 1920 vested full power and
authority over the matter of union terminal
facilities in the Interstate Commerce Com-
mission and divested the Railroad Commis-
sion of California of jurisdiction. The City
of Los Angeles thereupon filed a complaint
with the Interstate Commerce Commission
and hearings were held in July, 1923.

April 7, 1924, the Supreme Court of the
United States affirmed the judgment of the
Supreme Court of California and held that
a certificate of public convenience and
necessity from the Interstate Commerce
Commission was necessary in the construc-
tion of a new interstate union station. All
parties conceded that if the Interstate Com-
merce Commission had the power to re-
quire the construction of a union passen-
ger station, it had been given that power
by the transportation act of 1920. Prior to
that enactment the power was clearly in the
states.

Following the Supreme Court decision of
April, 1924, the hearings before the Inter-
state Commerce Commission w.ere resumed
in June, 1924. In the hearings before the
Interstate Commerce Commission the Rail-
road Commission was able to lay aside its
usual judicial status and became intervenor

< 39 ►

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 40 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

in the case, as the City of Los Angeles
filed the complaint. As the railroads had
filed no plans it became necessary for the
Commission engineers to make a plan for a
station within the specified area and to esti-
mate its cost. Not only was it necessary to
complete this work within the ten weeks
between April 7 and June 20. 1924, but to
prove the practicability of the location.

July 6, 1925, the Interstate Commerce
Commission decided that while a union
station was reasonably required, it had no
power to order it, but that upon filing of
an appropriate order by the Railroad Com-
mission a certificate of public convenience
and necessity would be issued.

April 5, 1926, at a special election the
voters of Los Angeles declared in favor of
a union station in the plaza area as against
the railroads' plan of modifying the Arcade
station and constructing an electric railway
across the river near 6th Street.

August 3, 1926, the Railroad Commis-
sion en banc, reopened the hearings and
concluded them August 1 1 . At this hear-
ing the same plan introduced before the
InterstateCommerceCommission was again
presented, but worked out in considerably
more detail. This plan is shown in Figure 1 .
July 8, 1927, the Railroad Commission or-
dered the station built in accordance with
this plan.

During the hearings of August, 1926,
one of the attorneys remarked that the
proceedings had already taken ten years
and that we were about in the middle of it,
and that our sons would probably carry on
where we left off. That was over five years
ago, and recent litigation over land titles
may cause further delay.

One of the last official acts of Chief Jus-
tice Taft of the United States Supreme
Court was to decide that the Interstate
Commerce Commission, under the trans-
portation act of 1920, could not order the
construction of a union station. Its powers
were permissive and not mandatory. It then
became apparent that if the nation had not
acquired the right to require the unification
of facilities, the state never lost that right,
and this view was upheld in both the State
and Federal supreme courts. The final de-

cision was rendered in June, 1931, and the
State Commission's order then became ef-
fective.

January 18, 1832, the Railroad Commis-
sion approved the plan of the Southern Pa-
cific Company for a union station con-
forming with the plan shown in Fig. 1 and
disapproving a plan for a station of the
through type.

The plan shown on the opposite page is
purposely made devoid of non-essential
details, as these would serve only to con-
fuse the issue as to a dividing line of cost.
It is reasonable to assume that such facili-
ties as are essential for the station would
be financed entirely by the railroads and
that other features by way of embellish-
ment of the approaches, if this is under-
taken, would be financed by the city. It is
my belief that it would be in order at this
time to consider the collateral problems
particularly the effect upon rapid transit
features, the street plan and the Civic Cen-
ter plan.

The rapid transit plans are of particular
importance, and some modifications of the
Kelker plan may be advisable, such as plac-
ing the Broadway return loop farther north
and also in providing a connection between
the Main and Hill street stations to permit
through service. With suitable connections
at the union station all parts of the metro-
politan area may be readily reached by
means of the Pacific Electric lines. This
problem should be worked out even if the
construction is not now undertaken.

The Vignes Street subway, connecting
with Santa Fe Avenue, is in accord with
the major highway plan, and San Pedro
Street also is shown extended into Alameda
Street past the station.

East of the river, Mission Road and
Anderson Street are not interfered with as
the Pacific Electric will cross them with
separated grades.

Other street rearrangements as shown in
the Civic Center plan of the Allied Archi-
tects are permissible as the station head
house is exactly in the position of building
No. 1 1 of that group, and is parallel with
Main Street. This will permit the mission

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

^ 41 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

court treatment then suggested, if a mis-
sion type of architecture is adopted, instead
of a style of monumental proportions.

Each location has its inherent advan-
tages and this site has the particular ad-
vantage of permitting the effective and
convenient use of more than one level. A
large part of the site is already owned by
the railroads.

It would be next to impossible to give the

names of all those who have at one time or
another given painstaking thought to some
phase of this problem with its many com-
plexities from the legal, financial, engineer-
ing and architectural standpoints. More
than twenty different union station plans
have been drawn and much composite effort
has been expended in endeavoring to
reconcile the ideal and the practical, and
to define the lines of authority.

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS OPPOSE
GOVERNMENTAL BUREAUS

HERE can be no
question that the practice of landscape
architecture in supplying specialized knowl-
edge toward determining the best use of
land is an invaluable function of govern-
ment, whether Federal, state or local. The
economic and social welfare of the people
is affected today and will be dependent, in
the years to come, upon the wise solution
of governmental problems in the use of our
land.

Governmental agencies are now fairly
well established to control the use of land
through zoning ordinances and subdivision
requirements, while more and more, official
commissions are coming to recognize the
need of being advised by those informed
as to the science of planning and versed
in the art of fitting land to its highest hu-
man use and enjoyment.

Landscape architects in permanent gov-
ernment positions are increasing in num-
bers, and are proving the economic worth
of our profession in carrying on govern-
mental activities. These facts are doing
much toward giving our profession a much-
needed publicity, and a fuller understand-

•Editpr's Not. — Mr. Hall is a Fellow of the American Societv of
Landscape Architects. Paper was read at the annual meeting of
the Society held in Philadelphia in February.

GEORGE D. HALL*

ing of what Landscape Architecture really
is.

Viewed from an economic aspect, the
growth of the practice of landscape archi-
tecture as a function of government is of
great value to the profession in that it calls
attention to the profession; is of real gov-
ernmental value towards solving those
problems which require the specialized
knowledge of the trained landscape archi-
tect; and is, of course, highly profitable to
those who enter government employ. On
the other hand, the American Society
of Landscape Architects, which has striven
so long to uphold the ethics of the profes-
sion and the art inherent in our work,
should most properly interest itself in the
economic problems confronting those who
who continue the independent practice of
the profession. With a growing member-
ship in the Society, and recognizing the
part the profession of Landscape Architec-
ture should play as a virile profession, it is
inconceivable that the best future for pro-
fessional landscape architects should be
limited to the sole ambition of becoming
permanent governmental employees.

I propose now to discuss some economic
aspects of independent professional prac-
tice in relation to the growth of govern-
mental bureaus whose comprehensive ac-

< 42 ►

tivities are already a serious menace to the
independent practice of the professions —
including Landscape Architecture. First, I
speak of the situation in general and then
take up conditions actually existing on the
Pacific Coast.

It is now generally recognized as an
American principle that government should
not intrude upon business activities to a
greater extent than laying down principles
aimed to protect the public interest. In re-
cent years, however, there has grown up a
tendency for the government — Federal,
state county and city — to encroach upon
professional activities to such an extent
that the earning powers of those within the
profession — as independent practitioners — -
are seriously affected. This tendency is
more noticeable in the West than it appears
to be in the East. Joint meetings have been
held in Los Angeles between representa-
tives of the American Institute of Archi-
tects, engineering societies and the Pacific
Coast Chapter of the American Society of
Landscape Architects, to discuss conditions
and consider what might be done.

Let me now enumerate certain conditions
that, in the opinion of many professional
and business men, exist here in California
and may soon spread to other sections of
the country: First, the tremendous burden
of taxation now borne by the people is to
a very appreciable extent attributable to
increase in personnel of departmental bu-
reaus. Second, these bureaus or commis-
sions, originally established as judicial, co-
ordinating or regulatory bodies whose
primary activity was the protection of pub-
lic interest, have so increased their func-
tions as to include the active practice of
engineering, architecture and landscape
architecture, resulting in rapidly decreasing
opportunities for paid employment of pro-
fessional practitioners not in government
employ. Third, not only are these bureaus
or commissions, which are supported by
general taxation, undertaking to do the
planning of public works, formerly dele-
gated to independent practitioners, but are,
in some instances, supplying advice, ser-
vices and plans without cost to subdividers
or individuals who are entirely competent
to pay for professional services.

It is significant that one planning com-
mission in California whose director is a
member of the A. S. L. A. for whose ability
and character I have the greatest respect,
has created a most efficient bureau whose
activities have now increased to cover prac-
tically all phases of planning. Three years
ago this commission was, for the most part,
a judicial body, setting forth rules and reg-
ulations to protect the public interest in
matters zoning, street extensions and sub-
division standards. Today, this commission
is a very important governmental bureau,
with a competent landscape architectural
department actively designing parks, air-
ports, civic centers, public institution
grounds, subdivisions, and in fact, any
landscape architectural projects that might
fall under the general classification of
"those matters affecting the orderly growth
and development of the county as one large
commonwealth."

In bringing this illustration of govern-
ment in the profession to the attention of
the American Society of Landscape Archi-
tects, it is not the purpose to criticize the
personnel of any commission or the legality
of their activities, but simply to raise two
important questions for our professional
consideration: What will be the economic
effect on independent practice within our
profession should governmental bureaus
absorb the field of landscape architectural
activities; and second: Is such a govern-
mental competition fair to the profession
and will it not destroy the highest fulfill-
ment of Landscape Architecture, both as a
profession and as a fine art?

The professions of architecture and land-
scape architecture have long urged upon
the government the need of judicial bu-
reaus capable of protecting the public in-
terest by setting forth rules, regulations,
conditions and standards for public proj-
ects; but that the government should go so
far as to create bureaus to actually design,
plan, supervise and construct all public
projects, and even private undertakings,
requiring the specialized art and skill of the
several professions, is manifestly wrong in
principle.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 43 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

ENTRANCE. MUSIC BUILDING, MILLS COLLEGE,
OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA
WALTER H. RATCLIFF, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 44 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

MUSIC BUILDING, MILLS COLLEGE, OAKLAND
Walter H. Ratcliff, Architect

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

M 45 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

ENTRANCE. ETHEL MOORE HALL. MILLS COLLEGE.
OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA
WALTER H. RATCLIFF, ARCHITECT

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

<4 46 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

Courtesy Southwest Ritildi

HOUSE OF MISS STELLA SMITH. PALOS VERDES
Winchton L. Risley, Architect

CALIFORNIA ARCHITECT WINS MEDAL
IN BETTER HOMES COMPETITION

HE gold medal for the best
two-story house constructed in America be-
tween 1926 and 1930 has been awarded to
Dwight James Baum, architect, of River-
dale-on-Hudson, N. Y., for the residence
of Francis Collins of Fieldston, N. Y. The
award was made in connection with the
1931 small house architectural competition
conducted by Better Homes in America, of
which President Hoover is honorary chair-
man, and Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur, presi-
dent.

The design of the prize winning house,
the first to receive a medal in the two-story
group, represented, according to the Insti-
tute's jury of award, of which Frederick

L. Ackerman of New York is chairman, "a
direct approach to the problem through
simple means and the skillful handling of
proportions, resulting in a house combining
dignity and a homelike character."

In the one-story class the medal was won
by Winchton L. Risley of Los Angeles for
the home of Miss Stella Smith of Palos
Verdes, a suburb of Los Angeles, "for a
simple and altogether charming solution of
the problem." The designs, the announce-
ment said, were "of a distinctly higher
standard" than those submitted in the first
competition, held last year.

Honorable mention in the two-story
group went to Windsor Soule and John F.
Murphy of Santa Barbara for the residence
of W. E. Risser.

< 47 ►

Architects receiving honorable mention
in the one-story class were Charles S.
Keefe of New York City, for the guest
house at Homewood on the estate of E.
Hope Norton, Darian, Conn., and H. Roy
Kelley of Los Angeles, for the home of
Gilbert Bloss, Palos Verdes Estates.

Honorable mention in the story-and-a-
half group was awarded to Waldron
Faulkner of New York City for the resi-
dence of E. H. Corlett, Lake Katonah, N.
Y.; to Winchton L. Risley of Los Angeles,
for a house in Palos Verdes, and to Arthur
Hutchason of Los Angeles, for a house for
Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Hicks, San Marino.
No medal was given in this class.

The purpose of the awards, it was ex-
plained, is to discover and call attention
to the best small houses built during the
given period and to stimulate interest in
overcoming the faulty design and construc-
tion of the really small house. While the
medal is intended as an annual award,
houses entered in the 1931 competition
were those completed between 1926 and
1930. Designs of houses submitted in one
year cannot be resubmitted in later years.

Arthur B. Heaton, Irwin S. Porter and
Waddy B. Wood of Washington, D. C,

and William J. Sayward of Altanta, Ga.,
were the other members of the jury, which
in its report said :

"While the designs submitted came from
a very wide geographical area, many states
were not represented. Considering the fact
that the competition was open to houses
completed between the years 1926 and
1930, inclusive, and that during the period,
to the knowledge of the jury, many houses
of excellent design were built, it is to be
regretted that a larger number of submis-
sions were not offered in competition.

"In the report of the jury covering 1930
it is stated that 'this being the first compe-
tition of the kind conducted by Better
Homes in America, the jury was mindful
of an unusual responsibility in respect to
this first award which would in a measure
establish a precedent as to quality of de-
signs that should be premiated.'

"In confining the award of medals to the
one-story and two-story classes the jury
was of the opinion that the establishment
of the medal standard in the story-and-a-
half group might well be deferred."

Better Homes in America will sponsor a
similar competition in 1932.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 48 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

TO BE AN IDEAL ARCHITECT

WILLIAM ADAMS DELANO

ANY years ago
before kings became soft-hearted and
mushy, a certain emperor had delight in
throwing the victims of his displeasures
into an arena and watching them slowly
devoured by lions. He generally diverted
himself in this way on holidays and fetes.
On one occasion, he had had a particularly
happy afternoon — five or six victims had
been eaten with relish — when the last, a
mild-looking young man, was thrown into
the arena. He stood with folded hands,
and when the lion, a ferocious beast, ap-
proached, whispered something in his ear,
whereupon the lion slunk away and took
refuge in a far shadow of the arena. The
same thing happened with a second lion,
and again with a third. The emperor was
angry but his curiosity was aroused. He
commanded the victim to be brought to
him and asked him what he had said to
the lions. "A mere nothing, Your Maj-
esty," the victim replied, "I only told them
that after their dinner they would be ex-
pected to make a few remarks."

I am entirely in sympathy with the lions.
I fear speeches — whether before dinner,
after dinner, or where there is no dinner
at all, and especially this afternoon for I
realize how incompetent I am to discuss
such an overwhelming subject as Mr. Jal-
lade has assigned me. I am tempted to
answer it in a sentence and let it go at that:
The successful architect should know
everything and should have a personality

"One of a series of talks being given before the Junior League of the
New York Society of Architects. Courtesy of Pencil Points.

so strong that it pervades all his activities.
But I am afraid this is too general an
answer to satisfy this inquisitive audience.
Perhaps the best way to discuss it is to try
to define what a successful architect should
be, and then attempt to discover how best
he can arrive at that happy state. Person-
ally, I wish the question had been framed
to ask how a man may become an ideal
architect rather than a successful one for
what constitutes success is such a disputed
question. With your permission, I will so
change the phrase, believing that if anyone
of you becomes an ideal architect he will
be a successful one, and let each define
success for himself.

If you take the measure of an ideal
architect from what his client expects of
him, you will find a very long list of vir-
tues. I shall run over briefly some of these
and because the list is long you must not
be discouraged. We must remember that
we are talking about the ideal and that is
seldom if ever attained.

First. The ideal architect should have
a strong but agreeable personality. He has
to deal with draftsmen, clients, contractors,
and subcontractors. If he has an aggres-
sive or cocksure manner, he is most likely
to antagonize and instead of gaining his
point lose it. He should be persuasive but
not unbending. He should have a logical
mind and be able to present his arguments
clearly.

Second. The ideal architect should
have a broad general education: he should
have a knowledge of the history of art and
of political and economic history, with both

< 49 ►

of which art in all its forms is so closely
allied; he should have a knowledge of
physics, especially as bearing on engineer-
ing problems, and at least a rudimentary
knowledge of chemistry, geology, and
horticulture. If he can speak two or three
foreign languages, he is just that much bet-
ter equipped to expand his knowledge by
reading and travel.

Third. The ideal architect should be a
good business man for a large part of his
time is taken up with business. He should
know how and when to buy and how to
adjust satisfactorily the differences sure to
arise between the buyer, or owner, and the
seller, or contractor. And most important,
he should know how to sell his own serv-
ices advantageously — when to yield a
point and when to stand firm; this requires
that he be a shrewd judge of men.

Fourth. He should be a very practical
person, with a great deal of common sense,
for as he practices his profession he will
find more and more that it is not all pure
design, beautiful conceptions of the brain,
but such despised things as pantry sinks,
radiators, gutters, floors, and kitchen
ranges, which govern his client's estimate
of him. Too often have I heard a client
damn an architect by the amiable remark —
"So and So is very artistic — he did a very
good job for us — but he is so impractical.
You know our windows have leaked ever
since the day the house was built, and the
flue in the living room — well, the less said
about that the better." Of course this is
obviously unfair, but the ideal architect
must take note of such details, so important
to the client, and see to it that each is per-
fect.

Fifth. The ideal architect must be an
artist, never satisfied with what he has de-
signed but ready always, even to the last
moment before they are executed, to scrap
his drawings if he feels the final result can
be improved. He should be able to express
easily on paper the ideas that are flowing
in his mind, so as to convey them to drafts-
men, clients, or builders. If he can make
delightful sketches so much the better, for
they often help to persuade the client to his
point of view.

Sixth. Last, but not least, he should
have a talent for making friends and hold-
ing them, for opportunities to do work
come from friends. He must have much
tact and no conceit or false pride and must
remember what few artists do — that he is
the servant of his client and his job is to
give satisfaction without lowering his
standards.

You see what a list of incongruous qual-
ities I have set forth, but I believe that they
are all essential to the making of the ideal
architect as I have watched the practice of
architecture for nearly thirty years. I have
no doubt that I have even forgotten some
that should be included, but the essential
ones are there.

The question now arises — "How are we
to acquire all these qualities and all this
learning?" — and here I must confess my-
self baffled. Those of you who have had
a college education and have taken advan-
tage of it may have a certain lead. Just how
much depends on what you were able to
assimilate. This I know: that without an
overwhelming desire to master your pro-
fession and reach its top it makes little or
no difference whether you have been to
college or not. I would lay my money on
an ambitious office boy who was fixed in
his determination to become a great archi-
tect rather than on a young man who had
had all the advantages that money could
buy but who felt that the world owed him
a practice and a living.

I suppose we are all inclined to lean
somewhat towards our own experience. In
my own case, after I left college — where,
by the way, I spent most of my time and
energy in seeing how I could avoid work
— I went to the Columbia School of Mines,
the architectural division of which, in those
days, was presided over by a cultivated
gentleman beloved by all, Professor Ware.
He had an idea that competition was an
evil thing; that boys should work for the
love of the working, without rivalry, and
we were given what seemed to me then
silly little problems, such as cutting a strip
of paper into its most beautiful proportion,
designing wall brackets to hold vases, etc.
This was not my idea of architecture and I

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 50 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

spent a good deal of time in extra-curri-
culum activities. Among other things I went
into a competition for a poster for Col-
gate's perfumes, in which I happened to
get first prize. (I may add that though I
received the prize my poster was never re-
produced, while Maxfield Parrish's was.)
This made me feel that I was destined to
become a great decorative painter. After
two years of this school, one hot Sunday
in July I laid my ambitions bare to an old
and wise friend, who knew all the archi-
tects and painters worth knowing. He said,

But you don t know what architecture is.
Get into an office and find out what it is
all about." So I knocked on Carrere &
Hastings' door the next morning and was
taken on. to draw out at small scale the plan
which had been settled on at large scale
— of the New York Public Library. The ex-
citement of the competition, the friends I
made among the draftsmen, and the amount
of knowledge I acquired in what seemed
an incredibly short time compared to that
spent at school, convinced me that summer
not only that architecture is a great pro-
fession but that the way to learn it is in an
office — the old apprentice system. So I
never went back to Columbia, and today
I am convinced that this is the best way, if
it can be supplemented and stimulated by
competition on the outside, such as the
Beaux-Arts Institute offers. As a means of
learning the art of architecture, I doubt if
any university can offer a curriculum which
can compete with an office that turns out
good designs, has an ample library and an
inspiring personality at the head of the
drafting force. It is not the easiest way but
it is the most efficient because while one is
learning design one is also learning the
realities of architecture more than any
school could ever teach. The school too
often stresses the brilliant design, the plan
that is beautifully rendered and well fur-
nished, the elevation or perspective that
stands out from its competitors because of
some striking method of rendering — but
this is not architecture. Architecture is the
realization in stone and mortar of men's
dreams and these dreams can only be made

realities by a most painstaking amount of
work upon details. The general conception

upon which all these details hang can
usually be most simply, even crudely, ex-
pressed— as the preserved drawings of
Palladio and Peruzzi and a host of other
great architects testify.

We have been talking until now about
the art of architecture, pure and simple.
But how about all those other qualities we
said were essential to the making of an
ideal architect? Again I refer to my own
experience. While I was in my junior year
at Yale, I, together with almost every mem-
ber of my class, took a snap course in
Biblical Literature given by the then presi-
dent of the university, Timothy Dwight.
Everybody took it because you never had
to do any work and it came immediately
after chapel, so if you had not had a very
full night's rest you could supplement it
without interruption for an hour. I am
sorry to say I remember only one thing
about this course — I must have been awake
at that moment — and that is that Prexy
Dwight said, "If you young gentlemen will
read for but half an hour a day and keep a
record of what you read, you will be sur-
prised at the end of a year how many books
you have read." I cannot say that I have
followed that advice for three hundred and
sixty-five days a year, for the past forty
years, but I have done so consistently
enough to have read a great deal, and if
you gentlemen will let me hand on to you
this very good advice, and if you will fol-
low it fairly consistently, you can pretty
well make up for any deficiency in your
early education; and if you will go beyond
that somewhat and map out a course of
reading for yourselves covering the more
important subjects, you will find yourselves
at the end of a few years better read and
better educated than most college gradu-
ates who have devoted their lives since
graduation to stock-brokering and golf.

As I read this paper to you I am more
convinced than ever that I am giving you
no fresh ideas, no brilliant suggestions for
immediate success in your art. In fact, I
am more than ever convinced that there
are no such brilliant suggestions to be
given; that it rests with each one of you to
find his own method for achieving perfec-
tion. What I have given you are only hints

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

<4 51 ►

MARCH. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

from my own experience and some of these
hints are not so easy to follow in these days
of depression. For instance, I am sure it is
easier today to get into a university, with
all its examinations, than to find a job in
an architects office. But these days are not
going to last forever and those of you who
have a real ambition to succeed can find in
the reading of books on history, biography,
and science, in work at the Beaux-Arts
Institute of Design, and in studying, from
plates and photographs, the great master-
pieces of architecture, a full day's occupa-
tion— all of which will stand in good stead

when work revives. Architecture is a great
profession, though this may not be the mo-
ment to say so: it adds to the riches of the
world in a way that few others do, not
always in dollars and cents but in forms
that long outlast these. The lawyer and the
doctor spend most of their lives in repair-
ing mistakes: the architect, if he is a con-
scientious one, in warding them off. If he is
the right man, he will be giving his clients
and the world better places to live in, to
work in, and to play in. By so doing, he
helps to banish disease and misery and by
creating beauty adds to the joy of life.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 52 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

STRUCTURAL and MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING

REVAMPING THE HEATING PLANTS
OF OLD THEATERS

HE scope of theater
heating is an extensive one. It could not be
dealt with in a short article. We are there-
fore limiting this to cover in a general way
the small or average neighborhood house
already built, and which is sorely in need
of better heating and ventilating equip-
ment.

There is often a wide variation of opin-
ion as to the best temperature to maintain
in cold weather. In a theater where a per-
son is inactive it should be 67 to 72 degrees
Fahrenheit.

The basis for determining the amount
of heat necessary is a most difficult point
to settle. In northern climates the outside
temperature occasionally drops to 10 de-
grees below zero, and in Minnesota. Da-
kota and Montana it goes even lower than
30 degrees below zero. If a plant is de-
signed for these extremely low tempera-
tures, it is too large for the conditions pre-
vailing for 95 per cent of the year. It there-
fore becomes a question of very fine judg-
ment as to what should be the basis upon
which to figure. It is suggested that a reli-
able heating engineer be consulted.

In most of the existing small theaters,

H. R. DENNY

there is either inadequate heating surface
or no means for providing constant positive
circulation. Through the development of
the unit heater it is now possible to heat up
the room much more quickly than with the
sluggish circulation of direct radiation.

A unit heater is a combination of a heat-
ing element or small radiator and a two or
three-speed electric fan, constructed so as
to have a common enclosure or casing. The
face or discharge of the unit is usually pro-
vided with louvres for directing the path
of the heated air. When properly piped
and wired for supplying the steam and
electric current, these single units are all
the apparatus necessary for providing, di-
recting and controlling the necessary vol-
ume of air heated to the proper tempera-
ture for the purpose.

Heating is accomplished by forced circu-
lation of warm air throughout the room.
The units occupy very little space and can
be mounted in out of the way places where
they will not interfere with aisle ways or
valuable floor space. The heating effect can
be regulated and both started or stopped
by simply turning a switch. Control can be
made entirely automatic through steam
pressure as well as room temperature.

Unit heaters can be used for venti-

< 53 ►

lating as well as heating, by providing a
connection to the outside. This connection
should be so arranged that the incoming
air. which would be at a lower temperature,
could be mixed or tempered with the inside
air. This could be accomplished by using a
mixing box equipped with a gate or dam-
per so that the desired mixture can be ob-
tained.

The unit heater makes it possible to heat
the theater entirely by this method, or by
adding to the present system, to shorten
that warming up period before the opening
performance.

With direct cast iron, or pipe radiation,
in order to get the theater comfortable it
is necessary to fire up at least four or five
hours before opening time. By the addition
of one or two unit heaters, this time can be
reduced more than one-half, thus saving
both fuel and labor. When the perform-
ance starts, the motors of the units can be
stopped. The radiation will then carry on
until the evening performance, or closing
time.

In planning a system of this type the
following points should be considered:

1. Heat Requirements: Heat is lost
from a theater proper principally by trans-
mission through walls, glass, floor and
roof, together with infiltration through lob-
bies and doors. If a ventilation system is
installed and used during the heating sea-
son, the capacity of this system should also
be figured. The amount of these losses
varies with the difference in temperature
inside and outside the theater, the dimen-
sions and construction of the building, the
velocity and direction of the wind, and
other factors. In making an accurate esti-
mate of heating requirements, all of the
above sources of heat loss must be con-
sidered. Such a calculation involves quite
a little detail. However, in order to obtain
a rough idea of about how many units
would be required the following procedure
could be pursued:

Determine the cubical contents of the room and
select units to give the following air changes:

Three or four walls and roof exposed — six air
changes per hour.

One or two walls exposed or three or four walls
and no roof — four air changes per hour.

One or two walls and no roof exposed — three
air changes per hour.

Very little exposure, that is all walls and ceil-
ings practically closed in — three air changes per
hour.

This method is for a rough estimate and
approximately only. It should be checked
with your heating contractor or the heater
manufacturer.

2. Selection of Proper Unit: One of
the principal factors in determining the size
of units is the degree of quietness of oper-
ation. This applies particularly to a narrow
building and where "talkies" are exhibited.
The selection of the unit should be based
on the velocity of the air through the heat-
ing element, together with the speed and
type of its motor. These two factors are
much more important than the number of
units to be installed. A unit which would
be entirely satisfactory in a garage or ma-
chine shop might create a disturbance in a
theater. Most of the older and more reli-
able unit heater manufacturers publish a
chart which indicates the sizes and speeds
they recommend for theater heating.

3. Number and Location of Units:
After the proper unit has been selected, its
air capacity divided into the air change
necessary will determine the number re-
quired. It is impossible to make any fixed
rule for the location of the units that will
apply to all small theaters. Generally
speaking and for best operating economy
the units should be located as low as pos-
sible but not so low as to blow directly on
the audience. The low velocity and high
temperature units required in an installa-
tion of this nature should not be located
over seven to nine feet above the floor.

Due to the usual high ceiling of the aver-
age theater, a recirculation ducut or box
should be provided so as to provide more
uniform temperature. These ducts take the
cooler air from the floor to the heater for
reheating. The air drawn from the floor
must be replaced by warm air from the
upper levels. As the air entering the unit
is lower than when air is drawn directly
into the heater from a higher level, there is

[Concluded on Page 57]

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 54 ►

MARCH. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

SAINT BERNARDINE HOSPITAL. SAN BERNARDINO
I. E. Loveless, Architect and Engineer

NEW ST. BERNARDINE HOSPITAL HAS
MODEL HEATING PLANT

<T»

HE St. Bernardine
Hospital, San Bernardino, California, com-
pleted late in 1931 at an estimated cost of
$650,000, is one of the most modern and
ideally equipped institutions of its kind in
the country. Included within the six-story
structure are one hundred and twenty-five
beds, five surgery rooms, laboratories, ad-
ministration quarters, rooms for resident
physicians, and nurses, visitor's apart-
ments, six solariums, a main kitchen and
four diet kitchens. Two of the surgery
rooms are for general cases, one for spe-
cial work, and another for a surgeons'

ELLIOTT TAYLOR

clinic with theater for medical students and
visiting surgeons. On the fourth floor is
the obstetrics department and nursery.

Institutions pertaining to the welfare
and comfort of the public naturally neces-
sitate equipment and appearance conform-
ing with the basic idea underlying their
construction. And particularly is this true
of hospitals, in which lives are often de-
pendent upon both human and mechanical
means.

Both in construction and equipment, the
St. Bernardine is an outstanding accomp-
lishment. Its architectural, structural and
mechanical features were under the pro-
fessional supervision of I. E. Loveless,

A 55 ►

architect and engineer.

A notably successful part of this struc-
ture is the heating plant. Breaking away
from the orthodox idea of high pressure
boilers to furnish all heat and power,
Architect Loveless divided the plan of
engineering to a more logical basis. Low
pressure boilers operating between two
and five pounds were selected to transmit

only one boiler need operate in mild
weather to furnish steam heat and hot
water.

To fully assure the quiet and efficient
operation of the heating plant, the plans
included vacuum pumps in duplicate. One
of these will care for the full load, while
the other will serve as a standby in case
of emergency. Over 6300 sq. ft. of radia-

GAS FIRED BOILER PLANT, ST. BERNARDINE HOSPITAL
I. E. Loveless, Architect and Engineer

the necessary avenue for steam heating
and providing water supply.

Two gas boilers generate steam for
heating and hot water. Both are auto-
matic, regulating steam pressure, gas pres-
sure, gas consumption and temperature
control of hot water tank, with fool proof
operating devices. They are cross con-
nected, their operation having been plan-
ned so that either boiler could carry the
full load in case of a break in one. By
means of piping and regulating devices,

tion have been installed, using exposed
cast iron radiation of hospital pattern in
the rooms and concealed copper fin radia-
tion in operating rooms and hallways.

Mr. Loveless engineered the equipment
for the requirements of sterilizers, main
kitchens and dietetic kitchens by means of
two gas-fired automatic high pressure
boilers, operating 60 to 70 lbs. steam pres-
sure for the varied requirements. Duplex
boiler feed and condensation pumps were
installed in connection with the boilers.

TH* ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 56 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

controlled by mercoid switches on each
boiler.

The boiler house is separated from the
main building by a distance of about 75
feet, connections being made by means of
an underground pipe trench.

The selection of gas fuel for this plant
was due to its ability to be automatically
controlled with a minimum of attention.

REVAMPING THE HEATING PLANTS
OF OLD THEATERS

[Concluded from Page 54]

less tendency for the air to rise after leav-
ing the heater.

In many cases even better results can be
realized by reversing the unit, that is, by

INTERIOR OF BOILER PLANT, ST. BERNARDINE HOSPITAL
I. E. Loveless, Architect and Engineer

All equipment is duplicate, making the
entire plant flexible in operation. The fact
that little attention is required enables the
engineer in charge to attend to other dut-
ies which keep him out of the boiler room
a considerable portion of the time.

Emerson & Keeler, heating and ventilat-
ing engineers of Los Angeles, had charge
of the installation of the heating system
and high pressure piping, together with
the boiler room equipment to conform with
the plans.

facing it toward the recirculating box so
that the warm air is discharged at the floor
level.

4. Piping and Boiler: In an heating
system the boiler and piping are most im-
portant in order to obtain satisfactory re-
sults. Both mains and returns should be of
ample size to handle the steam and con-
densate rapidly. Boilers must be of ample
size to deliver to the unit the required rated
heat load of that unit and also handle the
radiation loss from the piping.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

M 57 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

5. Pressure and Temperature Con-
trol: Overheating necessarily means
waste. Automatic control, therefore, which
maintains an even temperature prevents
this waste and effects a saving much
greater than might first be imagined. When
the fan is stopped, the heat output is re-
duced to a small fraction of normal. The
problem of control is, therefore, simply one
of starting and stopping the fan motor
when the air temperature falls below or
rises above the desired degree. In addition
to fuel saving, automatic control saves cur-
rent when the fan is not running.

The above details cover economical sug-
gestions intended primarily for existing
theaters. In the past it has been generally
understood and accepted that the ideal and
modern central fan system, capable of ven-
tilating and either heating or cooling a
theater, involved an expense that could
only be justified by a large house. Today
in the smallest theater it is entirely possible
and practical to install a complete central
system equipped for and capable of doing
all of these. In fact it is much more satis-
factory than having a separate piece of
equipment for each duty. The chief and
principal question in a complete system of
this type is how much cooling and heating
effect will your client or can your client
pay for?

Is The Architect An Outsider?

Abstract of an Article
by William E. Willner
in the American Mercury

mT is a frequent complaint that the architect
has not taken sufficient cognizance of the
revolution in structural methods. He is pictured
as a mere decorator of the engineer's handiwork,
and not as a very successful decorator at that.
With his eyes fixed on the dead past — so it is
alleged — he creates designs which are irrelevant
even when handsome, and which serve only to
conceal the beauties proper to the tower of steel.
The more radical critics even go so far as to
suggest that the engineer, if left to himself, would
bring the skyscraper to a definite expression much
faster than he can with "outside help." An an-
alogy is drawn between the steel building and the

automobile, and the architect is cast in the same
ignominous role as the designer who tried to make
the new vehicle look like a horse-drawn carriage.
The inference is, of course, that the architect does
not understand modern construction, and that he
is blind to its aesthetic possibilities. The engineer
may not be any less blind, at present, but if he is
left unhampered he will surely blunder into an
appropriate, a predestined result. So it is argued.

The theory has its amusing side. In this in-
tensely practical age, when the client's esteem for
the architect so often hinges on his success in
keeping building costs at a minimum, it is reassur-
ing to find that he is still regarded in some quar-
ters as an artist, unconcerned except as to the
appearance of his buildings. There is the flattering
implication that in spite of the vast multitude of
details which make his lot harder than that of his
predecessors, he has nevertheless impressed some-
body with his honest desire to secure a beautiful
result.

But it is not so pleasant for him to find his
efforts regarded as "outside help," his handling
of the design as "superimposed aesthetics." If his
conscience troubles him on any one point more
often than on others, it is because he has had to
give so much attention to the details of finance,
of economical construction, of mechanical equip-
ment, and of other practical desiderata, that he
has had less and less time for the specific prob-
lems of design.

If the analogy with the automobile may be car-
ried farther, the architect must be compared to
the manufacturer who assembles a car instead of
building all its parts in his plant. The engine, the
starter, and all the other details may be designed
by experts in their respective fields, but the as-
sembler is not thereby released from the necessity
of knowing how they all work and how they
should be put together to secure the best result.

In theory, perhaps, the assembler of automo-
biles may not be entitled to the same respect as
the manufacturer who builds everything himself,
but this latter type is no longer to be found.
Moreover, the man who came closest to the ideal
was for a long time unrivaled as the creator of
the world's ugliest automobile, and was compelled,
at length, to rebuild his plant and change the de-
sign of his car to conform to the taste built up by
the lowly assemblers. * * *

The designer must, of course, understand his
whole problem, whether it be the design of the
simplest sort of tool or the design of a large

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 58 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

modern building. It is rather naive, however, to
assume that the modern structural engineer has a
more complete grasp of the problem of the sky-
scraper than has his partner, the architect.

In the first place, the engineer is not one person.
There are some engineering firms which are pre-
pared to design every part of the structure and
mechanical equipment of a large building, but
there are more concerns which specialize. One
man designs the steel, another the elevators, a
third the plumbing, a fourth the heating and ven-
tilating system, and a fifth the electrical layout.
Still another man may be retained to design the
foundations.

Even where all these engineers belong to the
same firm, there is often a serious conflict in their
aims, and the architect would serve a useful pur-
pose if he did nothing more than to smooth out
those conflicts. No one who has not gone through
the actual work of reconciling the various require-
ments can have an idea of the ingenuity necessary
merely to reduce the space occupied by pipes and
ducts and to keep them from ruining the appear-
ance of the rentable office space. If the architect
did not do this work, the engineer would presum-
ably do it himself, but he shows little disposition
to take over such tasks at present. He commonly
feels that when he has furnished a diagram of the
necessary structure and equipment, his direct re-
sponsibility is at an end. He reasons — and quite
rightly, according to present standards — that it is
the architect's business to combine all the ele-
ments of a building in their final form.

Thus a large part of the architect's work
amounts to a redesigning, in consultation with the
engineer, of the mechanical systems of the build-
ing, a simplification which makes the building it-
self a better machine and at the same time con-
tributes to its appearance. But it is not to be sup-
posed that the "specialist in aesthetics," as Lewis
Mumford calls him, goes no farther than this to
meet the engineer. * * *

There may be nothing grotesque in so training
men to construct skyscrapers without even indi-
cating the possibility of humane ideals in building.
But there may well be something grotesque in the
result, when the engineer, the realtor, and the
architect must work together to produce the new
architecture. However impatient we may be with
the slow advance toward this new architecture,
can we hope to accelerate the advance by turning
the problem over to the engineer and the real
estate man? Even if we accept the hoary false-

hood that the modern architect is blood-brother
to the amateur of Renaissance times, who drew
facades on paper without knowing anything about
building, can we regard the engineer as the legi-
timate successor of the medieval master-builder?

The builders of the Gothic churches certainly
did not learn their trade by computing the thrusts
of arches and by breaking cubes of stone to as-
certain their crushing loads. They learned by
studying fine buildings, and while they mastered
the methods of their construction they also be-
came familiar with the beautiful forms of their
detail and the grand proportions of their spaces.
There was no other school for the builder, and it
was simply impossible that he should have any
great experience with important construction with-
out gaining a corresponding knowledge of the best
design of his epoch.

The separation of architecture and building has
had some unfortunate results, but such a separa-
tion was inevitable in any case, and would not
have survived if it had not presented some very
great advantages. The achievements of the engi-
neer, in particular, would not have been possible
without such specialization, and if his department
of the art of building has progressed more rapidly
than other departments, it is nevertheless a spe-
cial field, and not the whole art. If the architect's
achievements seem less brilliant by comparison, if
he has as yet failed to incorporate all the new ele-
ments of his problem into one organic whole, it
should be pointed out that he is in the same boat
with the rest of humanity, who have nowhere suc-
ceeded in absorbing the new world of science into
a unified politics or philosophy.

Castles In The Air

By F. B. Nightingale
Vice Chairman, Floodlighting Committee
Pacific Coast Electrical Bureau

flASTLES IN THE AIR." Truly the new
limit height Pellissier Building in Los An-
geles is just that. The building is located at the
"Cross-Roads of the West," corner Wilshire
Boulevard and Western Avenue, and was de-
signed by Morgan, Walls & Clements, architects.
The exterior walls are clothed in turquoise blue
terra cotta, which appropriately reflect the halo
of California sky by day. When twilight falls and
the imagination has time to roam, the structure
does not sink back into the shadows of darkness,

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

A 59 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

but instead, it blooms forth with fresh beauty and
mystery — a veritable castle in the air.

Seventy-three floodlights of 250 watts, 500
watts and 1000 watts capacity, copper and bronze
finish, concealed in the setbacks of the structure,
furnish illumination of a high intensity. It was the
architect's inspiration to draw attention to the
structure at the earliest possible moment to assist
his client in the rental of space. Orders were given
to install the floodlighting equipment the moment
the terra cotta was applied to the upper elevations.
The results were all that could be desired, as the
following letter indicates:
Dear Mr. Nightingale:

The dream of every builder of commercial
buildings, particularly office buildings, is to have
them leased before completed.

In any large building the sooner the informa-
tion is in hand of the final occupancy, the more
thousands of dollars can be saved by the elimina-
tion of countless changes thus avoided. It is also

PELLESSIER BUILDING, LOS ANGELES
Opening Night with Hollywood's searchlights in action

PELLESSIER BUILDING, LOS ANGELES
Seventy-three General Electric flood lights create the effect

obvious that when a building is completed and is
fully occupied the income thus obtained repre-
sents a considerable sum.

We are about to file "Notice of Completion" on
the Pellissier Building which you so admirably
flood lighted. We find that we have leased all
but six offices out of the 110 in the building. We
know that the structure represents the ultimate in
office buildings, but at the same time realize that
the floodlighting had much to do in calling the
public's attention to that fact. Its cost is small
compared to the savings referred to above.

Our only regret is that we did not start sooner
to light the building. In our future work we will
plan the position of construction scaffolding and
hoist in order not to interfere with this important
advertising and thus hope to come closer to the
ideal of a completely leased building before plumb-
ing, electric wiring or any partitions are in place.

Thank you for your keen interest and the splen-
did work.

Sincerely yours.
HENRY de ROULET.

THE ARCHITFXT AND ENGINEER

<4 60 ►

MARCH. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

« « « With the Architects

» » » »

GRANTED CERTIFICATES
At the regular meeting of the California State
Board of Architectural Examiners, Northern Dis-
trict, held February 23, the following were
granted Provisional Certificates, for the practice
of architecture in the State of California:

Charles N. Coseboom, 813 Lincoln Street,
Klamath Falls. Oregon: David B. Clark, 310 Uni-
versity Avenue, Palo Alto: Elmore G. Ernst, 9 W.
Cleveland Street, Stockton; Arthur Veryan Jory,
1395 Scenic Avenue, Berkeley; Mario Francis
Corbett, 2335 Larkin Street, San Francisco; Theo-
dore C. Bernardi, 948 The Alameda, Berkeley;
Arthur L. Herberger, 770 Wesley Ave., Oakland.

At the regular meeting, January 26th, of the
Southern District Board of Architectural Exam-
iners, Los Angeles, the following were granted
Provisional Certificates: George N. Seymour.
1615 Corning Street. Los Angeles, and Wm. Her-
bert Schuchardt, 800 Bel-Air Road. Los Angeles.

VALLEJO POST OFFICE
Preliminary plans for a post office building in
Vallejo, by Charles F. Dean, architect of Sacra-
mento, have been approved and bids are likely
to be advertised in May. There is an approria-
tion of $143,000 for the structure.

Mr. Dean is at work on plans for a Y.W.C.A.
building in Sacramento and he has completed
drawings for a fire house and jail to cost $22,000
for the city of Woodland. Later on a city hall
will be constructed on the same property.

FEDERAL OFFICE BUILDING
Plans are being completed by Arthur Brown,
Jr., 251 Kearny Street, San Francisco, for a five
story, Class A Federal office building to be built
in the Civic Center, San Francisco. Preliminary
plans have been approved at Washington, D. C.
The structural design is in the hands of C. H.
Snyder and the mechanical work is being handled
by Leland and Haley. The building is to cost
$3,050,000.

SKYSCRAPER PLANNED
With the promised return to normalcy the
building industry in San Francisco will have a
stimulus in the construction of a twenty-eight
story Class A office building in the financial cen-
ter, from plans by O'Brien Brothers and Peugh.
The promoter and financial backer of the project
is Louis R. Lurie who states that 80% of the
office room in this $2,000,000 structure has al-
ready been leased.

COMMISSIONED ARCHITECTS
Paul L. Dragon and C. R. Schmidts, Mercan-
tile Bank Building, Berkeley, have been commis-
sioned by the Masonic Lodge of Red Bluff, to
prepare plans for a two story reinforced concrete
store and lodge building, a portion of 'which, it
is understood, will be leased to the Pacific Gas
& Electric Company. Bids will be called for early
in April.

SAN JOSE STORE BUILDING
Charles S. McKenzie has completed plans and
a contract has been awarded to G. P. W. Jensen.
320 Market Street, San Francisco, to construct a
one and two story, steel frame and brick store
building at 40 South First Street, San Jose. Mrs.
Owen Richardson is the owner and the approxi-
mate cost is $30,000.

BERKELEY ARCHITECT BUSY
New work in the office of J. W. Plachek of
Berkeley, includes alterations and additions to a
Class C building at 1040 Bush Street, San Fran-
cisco, known as the Mary Elizabeth Inn; also
store changes in the Glide Memorial Building,
San Francisco.

PLACERVILLE BUILDING
A two story concrete and brick store and office
building at Placerville is being designed by Fred-
erick S. Harrison, architect, of Sacramento. The
structural work is being done by F. W. Kellberg
of San Francisco. The building will cost $35,000.

A 61 ►

EDWARD F. PINNEH
Edward F. Pinneh, of McCleland, Pinneh and
Jones, architects of Seattle, Washington, died Jan-
uary 12. Only last September he had returned
from a three months' trip of professional explora-
tion in Europe, during which he attended the In-
ternational Rotary Convention as a delegate from
the Seattle Chapter. He made a careful study of
modernistic trends in architecture on the sojourn.
Mr. Pinneh was born at Sheffield, Penn., July
19, 1886. His earliest professional training was
obtained in the office of Hosenhans and Allen,
pioneer Seattle architects. Later he served under
Daniel R. Huntington in Seattle's city building
department. Several years of work under the late
H. B. Pearce was followed by the formation of a
partnership with Robert F. McClelland in the
Crary Building. Later Victor N. B. Jones joined
the firm. Mr. Pinneh was a member of the Wash-
ington Chapter. American Institute of Architects.

SIX STORY APARTMENTS
J. Welch, 825 Sutter Street, San Francisco, is
the owner of a six story and basement Class C
apartment building which H. C. Baumann, archi-
tect, has designed for the east side of Mason
Street, north of Sutter, San Francisco. A build-
ing permit has been taken out and segregated
contracts have been received. The estimated cost
is $150,000.

SACRAMENTO OFFICE BUILDING
Contracts have been awarded from plans by
George C. Sellon S Company for a three story
Class A addition to the California State Life
Insurance Company's building, 10th and J Streets,
Sacramento. Work is expected to cost in the
neighborhood of $100,000.

SAN FRANCISCO APARTMENTS
A contract has been let by C. O. Clausen, arch-
itect, for the construction of an $18,000 frame
apartment building on the southeast corner of
32nd Avenue and Judah Street, San Francisco,
for H. Taboas.

SAN DIEGO FEDERAL BUILDING
William Templeton Johnson has been commis-
sioned to prepare plans for a $500,000 Federal
building in San Diego and the government has
approved a site bounded by East 8th and 9th
Streets.

WITH THE PORTLAND ARCHITECTS
Messrs. Dougan-Reverman are architects for
the new school building to be erected at Tilla-
mook, to be a seven-classroom accommodation
with modern school facilities, reinforced concrete
with brick or stucco and with tile roof.

The same architects are completing plans for
the first unit of the Jesuit group at Paradise View
Farm. The building, estimated at $400,000, will
cover a frontage of 366 feet, with three wings
each 240 feet deep, and will be of concrete and
steel construction.

Messrs. Higgins & Biederman have taken bids
on the Tatoosh Island weather station, which is
to be of reinforced concrete and estimated to cost
$30,000.

Messrs. Lawrence, Holford, Allyn 6 Bear are
architects for the new county court house at Tilla-
mook, estimated to cost $250,000. Architects con-
tested for the work, quite a number submitting
sketches.

MR. LUNDEN'S WORK EXHIBITED
A display of the work of Samuel E. Lunden.
architect, executed in association with Messrs.
Cram G Ferguson of Boston, was held during the
latter part of February in the Architects Building.
Fifth and Figueroa Streets. Los Angeles. Fea-
tured in the display were photographs of the Los
Angeles Stock Exchange Building and the Church
of St. Vincent de Paul, and sketches and full size
details of the Doheny Memorial Library now un-
der construction at the University of Southern
California.

KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS BUILDING
The Los Angeles Knights of Columbus have
commissioned Henry C. Newton and Robert D.
Murray to prepare plans for a two story and
basement reinforced concrete and brick lodge
building to be erected on the northeast corner of
Bonniebrae and 9th Streets, Los Angeles.

ARCHITECTURAL EXHIBIT
An exhibition of recent architectural work in
the East Bay section will be held all of next month
in the Berkeley Art Museum, Shattuck Avenue,
near the Public Library Building. In May a simi-
lar exhibition, but on a larger scale, will be held
in San Francisco.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

<4 62 ►

MARCH. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

COUNTY HOME
C. G. Cottier of Great Falls is architect for the
Cascade county home, estimated to cost $180,000.
The building will cover ground area 344x260 feet
and will have accommodations for 250 persons.

TACOMA ARCHITECTS
Messrs. Heath, Gove & Bell are architects for
a mortuary at 1002 S. Yakima Avenue to be
50x90 feet, two-story, brick veneer with cast stone
columns and trim.

E. J. Breseman, who was architect for the
school buildings at Yelm, which were destroyed
by fire, is working on plans for rebuilding the
three buildings, including a gymnasium, grade
school and annex.

E. J. Breseman is architect for a store building
to be erected at 602 South 38th Street, 50x109
feet, one-story and of masonry construction.

The College of Puget Sound board of trustees
has approved a program for construction of a li-
brary building, dormitories and other buildings to
the extent of $5,000,000 expenditure, of which it
is stated, $2,000,000 is now available.

LOS ANGELES SCHOOL BUILDING
Marsh, Smith & Powell, architects, of Los An-
geles, have completed plans for a two story frame
and concrete school building and auditorium
alterations at the Hollywood High School. An
appropriation of $100,000 has been made for the
work.

LOS ANGELES APARTMENT HOUSE
Robert H. Orr, architect, of Los Angeles, has
completed plans for a five story and basement
steel and brick apartment building, which he will
build for himself on Marathon Street, near West-
ern Avenue, Los Angeles.

VETERANS BUILDING, SANTA CRUZ
A contract has been awarded to John E. Bra-
nagh of Oakland to build a two story, concrete
and frame Veterans Memorial Building at Santa
Cruz, to cost approximately $40,000. Davis-
Pearce Company of Stockton are the architects.

RICHMOND SCHOOL ADDITION
A two story frame and brick veneer addition
to the Richmond Union High School will be built
this summer. James T. Narbett of Richmond, is
the architect.

PERSONALS

Harbin F. Hunter has consolidated his busi-
ness with that of Joseph Feil, who has spe-
cialized in commercial interiors. The firm will be
known as Feil & Hunter. Business will be con-
ducted from the former offices of Joseph Feil, 507
Oviatt Building, Los Angeles.

Allison & Allison have moved their offices
from the California Reserve Building to suite 1014
Edison Building, Fifth Street and Grand Avenue,
Los Angeles.

Tommy Tomson announces his return from a
commission in the Northwest and the reopening
of offices for the practice of landscape architecture
at 1201 Title Guarantee Building, Los Angeles.

William H. Wheeler, architect, has moved
his office from the California Bank Building, San
Diego, to 2151 Guy Street, in that city.

Robert B. Stacy-Judd, architect, of Los An-
geles, and Miss Betty Schofield of Ventura, were
married in the First Baptist Church in Ventura,
February 12. The bride is an artist and her in-
terest in Mayan architecture, in which Mr. Stacy-
Judd has specialized, furnished the romance back
of their marriage. The church in which the wed-
ding took place, designed by the bridegroom, is
Mayan architecture. The couple departed on
February 20th for Yucatan, where he will resume
his explorations of Mayan ruins in that country,
begun several years ago.

Cyril Bennett of Pasadena has been ap-
pointed director of the Tournament of Roses
parade January 1, 1933.

Glenn E. Miller, architect and C. Hugh
Gibbs, associate, have moved their office to room
202 Pacific Southwest Building, Long Beach.

NEW TRAINING SCHOOL
Franklin T. Georgeson, architect, of Eureka,
states that the appropriation for the new training
school, Humboldt State Teachers' College at Ar-
eata, has been increased to $165,000, exclusive of
furnishings, etc. Bids for erecting the building,
which was designed by Mr. Georgeson, were
opened in Sacramento, March 15.

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS ELECT
The 1932 officers of the Pacific Coast Chapter,
American Society of Landscape Architects, are
as follows:

President, L. Deming Tilton; vice-president,
Charles H. Diggs; secretary, Katherine Bashford;
treasurer, Russell L. McKown; executive commit-
tee, Wilbur D. Cook and George Gibbs.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

^ 63 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

COMPETITIONS

DOUGLAS FIR INTERIOR

The Douglas fir plywood industry is sponsor-
ing a competition of interest to architects, archi-
tectural students and draftsmen.

Prizes totaling $1500 are offered for rough
"idea-sketches." in plan and elevation, showing
practical and attractive uses of Douglas fir ply-
wood for any of the following interiors: ( 1 ) Attic
bedroom; (2) Basement recreation room: (3) Kit-
chen and breakfast nook; (4) Camp cottage, in-
cluding sleeping, cooking and living facilities for
four people. In designing any of these, the con-
testants may include Douglas fir plywood built-
ins, and, in short, indicate its use for any purpose
for which they may consider it adapted.

The designs submitted should be both rendered
elevations, made to scale of ^4" to 1 f°ot' and a
plan made to a scale of Y^" to 1 foot. Color should
not be used, but the drawings may be worked out
in pencil, ink or plain wash.

Douglas fir plywood is described by the indus-
try as "the most inexpensive of plywoods, light
in weight, split-proof and warp-resistant, which
takes any finish and is available sanded in sizes
up to 4' x 8'. Thicknesses range upward from
J4-inch, for uses ranging from wallboard and
cabinet work to concrete forms and subflooring.

Entries should be sent to C. H. Alden, Profes-
sional Adviser, Douglas Fir Plywood Manufac-
turers. Skinner Building, Seattle. Washington.
Only material post-marked before midnight, June
15, will be considered. Entries will be returned to
contestants if proper postage is enclosed. Copies
of the contest rules may be obtained by writing to
the above address.

CHRYSLER BUILDING COMPETITION
Six of the leading architects of the United
States will submit designs for a Chrysler building
at the Century of Progress International Exposi-
tion to be held at Chicago next year. With the
sanction of the American Institute of Architects,
the corporation is now conducting a competition

among a selected group of eminent architects with
a view to developing a design for an exhibit of
its own that will be of outstanding public interest
at the coming world's fair.

It is expected that the Chrysler building and
exhibit will represent an investment of approxi-
mately $500,000.

The architects who will submit designs for the
development of this site are: Eliel Saarinen of
Birmingham, Michigan, who won second prize in
the Chicago Tribune Tower competition in 1922;
Holabird and Root of Chicago, who won third
prize in the same competition; Voorhees, Gmelin
and Walker of New York, who designed the Ir-
ving Trust Building; Paul Philippe Cret of Phili-
delphia, who won the Bok Philadelphia award in
1930, given annually for outstanding achievement
benefitting the city; Roger Bailey of New York,
who won the 1926 Paris prize of the Beaux Arts
Institute of Design; Henry Hornbostel of Pitts-
burgh, who won with Eric Wood the contest for
the design of the Harding Memorial at Marion,
Ohio. Kenneth Franzheim of New York is acting
as architectural adviser.

The project on which the architects are work-
ing is described as follows:

"This competition is more than an academic
architectural problem. The ultimate purpose of
the project is to exemplify in the building design
and in the display the progressive spirit and mov-
ing force of Chrysler Corporation. The building
is not just an independent and appropriate shelter
for the display within, but rather is an integral
part of the complete exhibit, which ensemble must
be created in such a manner as to excite and re-
tain public interest throughout the Century of
Progress Exhibition. Its conception must sound
a keynote of pioneering progress and engineering
leadership, typifying not only what Chrysler Cor-
poration has already accomplished but also what
may be expected of it in the future development
of motor transportation."

The program provides that all the drawings
must be submitted by April 2, the award to be
announced about April 15. The jury of award
will consist of three noted architects: Raymond
Hood and Edgar I. Williams of New York, and
Albert Kahn of Detroit, and four officers of
Chrysler Corporation.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 64 ►

MARCH. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

« « « « Over the Drafting Fable » » » »

MISADVENTURES OF A DRAFTSMAN

GEO. H. ALLEN

In "Pencil Points"

T used to be that Monday was never any
different from Tuesday, back in Woodbury.
As tar as that mattered, Monday was no differ-
ent from any other day. If you hated the noise
and blare of the large city, that was the place to
live in . . .quiet streets overhung with shade trees
". . . families gathered on the large verandas in
the fading twilight . . . and the croaking of the
frogs down by Kidder's Creek.

But the town has changed. Woodbury has
come up in the world. The streets are now lined
with concrete, the electric company is cutting
down more and more of the shade trees — the
elms, the maples, the locusts — to make way for
stark, iron poles, bereft of all ornament and clus-
tered with waving wires. The city laundry has a
new lavender delivery car, chromiumed with
sparkling gadgets; traffic lights hold authority at
intersections and with the change of signals the
cars burst ahead, with a blat-blat of horns and
steady singing of rubber on concrete.

A town of forty-thousand souls, whose growth
was provident by its nearness to a large city. And
like the parasitic pilot fish on the whale, it
spawned on the life blood of its larger neighbor.
Its wage earners were largely commuters who pre-
ferred, after a hard day in the dusty, noisy city,
to rush home and sprinkle the front lawn in the
fading evening, inhaling all the while the sweet
clean smell of newly-watered grass.

Woodbury had a beautiful and well-planned
suburb known as Windlemere Heights. The main
road, which led out of town and wound through
the suburb, was appropriately named Homeview
Drive. It meandered in a circular route through-
out this section and was lined on either side with

spacious homes set back on ample lawns. Finally
it found its way back to the business section ol
the town again where, like a chameleon, it became
once more a street of radio shops, barber empo-
riums, soda parlors, and penny news stands.

The business area encompassed a district of
about ten city blocks. Every Wednesday and Sat-
urday night the streets would be lined with the
cars of those who were either shopping or enjoy-
ing the show at the local Strand. There was a
bank on practically every corner which reflected
either the solidity or stupidity of the place. It was
a nice town withal, typical of thousands of others
throughout the country. In the summer the men
would dispense with their coats and walk around
in white shirts, usually with the sleeves rolled up,
and you never, never saw anyone wearing a hat!

Everyone had a nodding acquaintance with
everyone else; you couldn't walk twenty feet
without stopping and going into detail about the
weather. It was a well-known fact that old Caleb
Freeman, who practiced in criminal law and was
a perpetual talker, couldn't get from his office in
the Law Building down to the Court House (a
distance of three blocks) in less than an hour and
a half. Life moved slowly. Nobody made any for-
tunes here, unless it was Seth Miller who retired
from his coal and lumber business about three
years ago. But they all have their little homes, all
take their Sunday rides with the family, all have
their vegetable gardens in the back with the
flower garden at the front, and they all enjoy the
fullness of life in their mild, placid way.

Woodbury, however, could boast of one impos-
ing structure — the Guarantee Trust Building, a
twenty-story office building which was not over a

^ 65 ►

year old and was still the object of much local
enthusiasm. It is said that a Rotarian can't pass
by it without his chest noticeably expanding a few
inches.

You entered the building through an over-
elaborated entrance, the pride of Jimmy Fletcher,
who was the town's one and only architect, with
the exception of myself (not to be regarded as
any serious competition). It was a fusion of Neo-
Classic and "drafting-board'' Modern. Inside, ex-
travagantly liveried starters in plum-colored trap-
pings bowed you to waiting elevators which took
you quickly up to the floors above. They had
those latest gadgets which register the floors that
you were passing in small electrical numerals on
a panel above the door.

Anyone getting off at the twelfth floor and
turning to the right, would run smack into a sign
of small, black letters on a ground-glass paneled
door:

RODGER REYNOLDS
Architect
This was my new office. Here I practiced archi-
tecture . . . whenever I had work to practice with.

My suite consisted of just one large room. I
had a small washstand in one corner over which
was a steel mirrored cabinet, while at the far side
of the room near the windows was the large draft-
ing table. I found I had to take on a stenographer
because I was out a great deal of the time; she
occupied a small desk right near the door as one
came in. In the middle of the room was my desk
with an armchair and another chair, having an
inviting cushion, for the clients. The only one to
sit in it so far was Dick Lerndon. who drifted in
from the heat of the street one day to make a
five-dollar touch. I was contemplating discarding
the cushion to discourage any more such callers.

Owing to the fact that I had opened this office
on my meager savings of exactly $965. I neces-
sarily had to cut my expenses down to the bone.
My rent was $15 a month, the phone $3.50, I
paid the stenographer $12 a week, and the clean-
ing lady got a two-dollar bill every Friday night.
These running expenses, as they are appropriately
called, ran on whether there was business or not.
To date (the office had been opened just three
weeks ago) there hadn't been the slightest sign
of a job straying in the door.

I walked in. hung my hat on the rack and sat
down at the desk. There were three letters await-
ing me. The first was a form letter from a tailor —
that went right into the basket. The second was

a bill for my stationery and the last was a notice
from the lodge, something about my dues.

"Were there any messages for me. Miss Web-
ster?" I asked my stenographer. I noticed she was
reading a book with a glaring yellow cover.

"No. there wasn't . . . oh, just a minute, yes,
here it is . . . you're to call Dick Lerndon when
you come in.

Lerndon. that meant more money probably.
Opening my drawer I pulled out a sheet of my
new stationery and dipping a clean pen into a
new bottle of ink, I wrote a letter enclosing a
check to the printer. Meanwhile, I had been won-
dering what Lerndon wanted. If it were money,
he would have stopped around. He was a good
fellow to know because he had a great many in-
fluential friends about town. I finally got him at
the number he left for me to call.

"Say, Rod, how about coming over to the club
this afternoon and shootin' a little round of golf?"
He evidently was over at the golf club; he was
always to be found in the locker room.

"I don't think so, Dick. You know I can't af-
ford to play golf any more, I'm trying to keep
my head above water as it is."

"The trouble with you, Rod, is that you need
a little recreation for a change. You've been work-
ing too hard, lately."

I didn't say much to that.

"C'mon over. We can get up a little foursome
and . . . just a minute. ..." I could hear undis-
tinguishable noises. Then, "Say, Rod, I was just
talking to Jack Farnum." My pulse quickened.
That was old Ed Farnum's son. He inherited
quite a fortune last year when the elder Farnum
died and is responsible for putting up a number
of high-class homes out in the Lake Park section.
I had always wanted to meet him because I
thought there probably would be an opportunity
there for me. "He's all set for a good game. You
should meet him. Rod — he's been blowing off
about some fantastic development scheme around
here for the last three months. We can't keep him
quiet. ..."

"Good!" I cut in. "I'll be over in half an hour.
Hold everything!"

The fact that I dug my golf bag out of the
closet and rushed out of the office, when it was
financially in such a deplorable state, was cause
enough for my stenographer to think me mad.
Any inhibitions that I might have had were
thrown to the winds. I was determined to see if I
couldn't dig up some business over a game of

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

<4 66 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

golf ... at least that is what you always read in
the magazines . . . "young man closes important
contract during 18-hole spree with executive."
It is curious how one, like a czigany of old, will
deviate from a natural order which has been sus-
tained through sheer will, and (metaphorically
speaking) veer off into a parabolic curve through
some vague orbit to a distant, hazy illusion. Then,
too, desperation is sometimes mistaken for a hasty
action (or vice-versa. In this case probably the
latter ) . Business is a matter of economics. We buy
and we sell. This simple aphorism is culpable of
having thousands of complicated subdivisions. But
the fact still remains, we buy and sell. If pros-
perity descends upon us, then we find ourselves
sending checks home to the mother-in-law.

But let this order reverse itself. Let adversity
enfold us like a ravaging Visigoth and you find
the wolf striving to get his nose further in the
crack of the door. Then, unless there is an imme-
diate largesse, you suddenly find yourself in a
tough spot. Either open the door wide and let him
in, or go out after his hide — which I was deter-
mined to do. (At this point I drove the thought
home by scowling at nothing in particular, but
this quickly vanished as I was suddenly precipi-
tated into the corner of the car when it madly
swung around a corner, leaving me clawing the
air. )

Exactly thirty-five minutes after leaving the
office I arrived at the club, to find Dick standing
on the veranda talking to two men. They were
attired in white knickers and their shirts were
open at the neck.

"Hello, Rod," said Dick, extending his hand.
"I want you to meet Mr. Revell, and Mr. Far-
num. . . . Mr. Reynolds. ..."

I shook hands with each. Revell was a quiet
and unassuming man of small stature but Farnum
with his boisterousness seemed rather overbear-
ing.

"Farnum here," Dick winked sideways at me.
"is the club's authority on taxes, depreciation,
construction and also high-class developing . . .
you know. ..."

Farnum laughed deprecatorily.

"I saw some of your homes out in Lake Park
and thought they were well above the average,"
I said, coming to his rescue.

"Rod here, is the young architect I was telling
you about, Jack," Dick cut in. "You boys ought
to get together. But let's get the game started."

After a little delay I joined them outside, hav-
ing had to slip into a pair of knickers and strap
up my wrist. Two years ago I wrenched it badly
and found that if I didn't wear the strap, it would
always ache after a game. We teed off; of course
I dubbed the first stroke. Revell was very caut-
ious, his follow-through and stroke were almost
perfect. Dick always was a good shot, and his
ball landed in an excellent position up near the
green but Farnum was more inclined to go
through numerous motions. First he would sway
on one foot and then the other. Then he would
introduce some preliminary swings and more mo-
tions, which all became so involved that I hardly
saw how he was able to give the ball a final swat.

The weather was ideal. A deep blue sky formed
a perfect background for the tiny wisps of clouds
which calmly floated overhead. You could see the
shadows which they cast as they moved, one after
the other, over the grass as if they were playing
some sort of a game. We finally arrived back to
the clubhouse in convivial spirits, which were ac-
centuated by a short session in the locker room.
After a brisk shower and rubdown we retired to
the lounge upstairs. This was a very appropriate
title, with large sofas and deep chairs, you simply
lounged the day away. Farnum seemed to be in-
terested in me, at least he brought up the discus-
sion of building again. We were seated apart from
Dick and Revell. They both were agitated over
the respective merits of the Deep Dale course and
the one which we played on today.

"Do you know, Reynolds." said Farnum, "it
pleases me to find someone who is interested in
good design."

I replied that, since designing was more of a
vocation than an avocation with me. I naturally
was a willing party to any discussion.

"Let me ask you," he suddenly said. "Did you
ever do a job ranging around $75,000?"

"Yes. The Waldron house over on Turner
Place. That was when I was working for Blaine
and Whiteside, but I handled it from start to
finish, so I can truthfully say that it was my job,
as far as the actual work was concerned."

"You did? Yes, I know the place. Look," here
he produced an envelope completely covered with
pencil sketches, "here is something I've been
thinking about for some time. As you see, this is
rather an unusual plan. This stair lands over here.
It does away with a separate staircase for the
maid. She uses this one, yet you cannot see her
from the living room or entrance hall.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

<4 67 ►

MARCH. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

"This house will run into the neighborhood of
eighty or ninety thousand dollars and I want you
to take these rough sketches and see what you
can do with them. I will want a drawing made of
it, too. one of those colored things. ..."

"Yes, a perspective rendering," I said. "I'll be
glad to have an opportunity to do something for
you, Mr. Farnum. I will get started on this right
away."

He waived me away. "Go ahead, see what you
can do with it. Let me know when you get it
finished, and if it looks all right, we will shoot
the works."

During the next ten days I worked hard, mostly
late into the night, trying to get the thing to work.
It was a very peculiar plan. While it looked all
right in rough sketch form on the envelope, it
wouldn't work until several problems were solved.
Finally all of the plans (at %" scale) were fin-
ished and also two elevations. I finished a J^"
scale perspective of the house and rendered it in
water color, this took four days of solid work,
then mounted it on a stiff Bristol board. Taking
it down to Farnum's office, I spread all the draw-
ings out over a table. Immediately he became
enthusiastic.

"Fine Reynolds! That's just the thing I want!
How soon can you start on the working draw-
ings?"

"Right away" I said.

"Well, go ahead. Get them going and bring in
a contract tomorrow and we will sign it up."

You can imagine how hard I worked during the
next two weeks. Things, at last, were going along
fine. I found that my creditors were willing to
carry me along for awhile longer, now that I had
a job in the office. A clothing store down the
street even offered to open an account.

Then the inevitable happened. The stock mar-
ket, which had been skyrocketing dizzily upwards
for the last three years, suddenly took a dive
down to the bottom. Everybody began to moan
about his losses. Those who had been investing
heavily were rushing around trying to raise money
to cover margins, and the one who was said to
be the hardest hit was no other than Farnum .He
left town, no one knew where. The sheriff hung a
padlock on the office door and pasted a "legal"
announcement on the window. Of course the job
I was doing for Farnum was all washed up. It
almost broke my heart to close up my office. By
the time I sent my furniture and office equipment

back to the stores where I purchased them, my
debts were brought down to $325. The future
certainly looked black.

I tried to get my old job back, but my former
employers were in the same position as everyone
else in town. There were no prospects of work
except what they were finishing up. So when
my uncle offered me a job in his office of the coal
company, I gladly took it.

It was about a month later. I was down town
on an errand when I passed Jack Farnum's old
office. The place was still locked, and the windows
by now were dusty and dirty. Standing proudly
in the middle of the window was a large, colored
drawing. In one corner of it was the caption —
"Rodger Reynolds. Architect." While directly un-
der it in large letters was the blaring announce-
ment:

"Come in and ask us about this beautiful resi-
dence which is being designed especially for you
in our Lake Park Development!"

SUMMER SKETCHING
Editor The Architect and Engineer:

The Washington State Chapter of the Ameri-
can Institute of Architects has conducted for two
years a summer sketching competition among
the draftsmen. The 1931 competition aroused
much more interest than the first and we hope
to do still better another year.

The judgments and exhibits have been held
at the State University in Seattle in connection
with one of the Chapter meetings. The drawings
were judged this year by Mr. Ziegler, an artist,
of Seattle. Last year the prizes were cashed to be
spent in books, but this year signed original draw-
ings were donated by a number of the most famous
architectural delineators in the country. The com-
petition was conducted in two classes. — junior
and senior, and for a large variety of subjects.

The prize and mention winning drawings are
being sent around the State to various high
schools, the State College at Pullman, College of
Puget Sound, University of Idaho, etc., and then
returned to the owners. I was wondering if a se-
lected exhibit of some of them would be of interest
to the San Francisco Architectural Club. There
would be no expense except the express. I think
I could work up enthusiasm for a reciprocal ex-
hibit from the draftsmen of San Francisco to be

TIIF. ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

^ 68 ►

MARCH. NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

shown in Tacoma, Seattle, Pullman, and Moscow,
Idaho.

Sincerely yours,

George Cove.

Following is a report of the committee in charge
of the awards:

Exhibition held at the University of Washington, Saturday,
January 23. 1932. Judges: Messrs. Ziegler. Loveless and Bain.

Mr. Hennessey's Exhibit— 15 foreign water colors. Three con-
sidered best: "Grand Canal, Venezia" : "Perugia" : "Fiesole. San
Francisco." Two prizes— E. Brown's Drawing. Carl Gould's Water
Color.

Mr. Fox's Exhibit — Eight illustrations of University of Wash-
ington. Prize- E. Born's Drawing.

Mr. Pollock's Exhibit— Eight animal pictures. Two consi.lt.red
best: Skye Terrier and Mongrel Dog. Prize — Bishop's "Old Barn."

SENIOR CLASS
Picturesque Subjrcfs
M. Drury — "Farm Group. Eugene." Prize — 0. Eggers' Drawing.
Max Barth— "Water Front Activity." Prize— N. Fox's "Hos-
pital."

Max Barth— "Italian Water Front." Mention.

Frame Buildings

John Richards— "Yacht Club." Prize— S. Chamberlain's Drawing.

M. Jacobson — "Barn Group." Mention.

A. S. Carey— "Allen More Club House." Mention.

Charles Pain

-O. McCracken's Draw-

Drawing.
Southwe

Concrete Construction
R. Bishop— "11th Street Bridge." Prize- C. Pric

Stone Work
C. R. Butcher— "Block House. Kansr.s." Prize-
Drawing.

W. Johnson— "Packard Motor." Mention.
S. Richardson— "Italian Fountain." Mention.
W. Johnson — "Campus Entrance." Mention.

Brick Work

R. Bishop— "Steilacoom City Jail." Prize— Ted .
Gimianano." (On account of brick technique.)

J. Richards— "Education Hall." Mention. (On a
tiveness. )

Mr. Fritzgerald — "Oriel." Mention.

H. Overturf— "Northern Life Tower." Mention.

Landscape Subjects

Ed Young— "Boat and Dock." Prize — 1

E. H. Bugge — "Imaginary Landscape
"Fountain."

H. Weller— "Hayden Lake and Tree." Special Mention. (No
prize on account of position.)

M. Barth— "Cattle Barn, W. S. C." Mention.

R. Bishop — "Waterfront." Mention.

W. De Nelf— "Sepia Snow Scene. Mention.

C. Butcher— "Wind River Canon." Mention.

W. De Neff— "Flower Studies." Mention.

Ed Young — "Logging Shute." Mention.

Mr. Yamashaki— "Boat." Mention

Mr. Nakashima— "Walterfall." Mention.

S. Richardson— "Boat." Mention.

M. Jacobson— "Trees and Bank." Mention.

W. H. Young — "American Falls." Mention.

W. A. Johnson — "Trees." Mention.

Still Life

Mr. McLaurin — "Fruit and Tea Pot." Mention.
E. H. Bugge — "Greig Bust." Mention.

Life Drawings
Mr. Fritzgerald— "Seated Girl." Prize,
S. Richardson — "Negro." Mention.

JUNIOR CLASS
Concrete Buildings

No prize. No mention.
Brick Work
John Phillips- "Cloister." Prize— "C. Butcher's "Mt. Hood.'
R. Logan— "Aud. Building, W. S. C.
Drawing.

John Phillips— "Steilacoom Jail Dnor."
Wood Buildings
E. Peterson— "Abandoned Mill." Prize— F. Dorman's Drawing.
(On account of illustrative quality.)

R. Durham— "Old Barn." Prize— F. Rhines' Drawing.
Tom Smith— "Old Gatway Eversham." Mention.

Picturesque Subjects
Bob Durham— "Old Shack." Prize — Locomotive Lithograph.
Tom Smith — "Ways of Commerce." Prizes — Locomotive Litho-
graph.

Stone Work
No prize. No mention.
Landscape Subjects
Elmer Strand— "Ye Old Smoke Stack." Prize— C. Butcher's "San

"Back Yard."

e — D. Clippinge:
Mention.
-F. Dorman'i

Stanley Nelson --"Port Tacoma Pier." Prize— R. B
"Trees."

A. D. Hughes — "Road to Puyallup." Mention.
Mr. McLaurin- -"Water Front— Water Color." Mention.
Wm. Bakke — "Tree." Mention.

Still Life

e." Mention.

en who contributed drawings and
tehm to the 1932 competition : the university faculty and student
for space and help for the exhibition ; the judges, and the 14
contributed prizes.

ite

ENGINEER ENTITLED TO FEE

It is well settled law that where a property
owner breaches a valid construction contract, the
contractor may sue and recover damages in an
amount equal to the anticipated profits he would
have earned had the owner fulfilled the terms of
the contract. This rule of law applies to archi-
tects and engineers as well as to contractors, says
Leo T. Parker, Attorney, in the General Building
Contractor.

For example, in the late case of Haskins vs.
De Soto, 35 S. W. (2d) 964, it was disclosed that
a property owner and an engineer entered into a
contract by the terms of which it was agreed that
the latter should be paid a stipulated amount for
preparing the plans, surveys, and the like.

The contract provided that the engineer should
prepare the preliminary plans and surveys and
submit them to the property owner, and "if it was
decided to go ahead" that he should then prepare
all further plans and other documents which were
necessary to the final awarding of the contract to
the successful bidder. The agreed charge for the
preliminary work was $250, but for the prepara-
tion of the final surveys, detailed plans, specifica-
tions and contract documents, including the super-
vision of the construction, the charge was to be 5
per cent of the contract price.

The engineer proceeded to perform the obliga-
tions assumed under the contract. After the pre-
liminary plans had been approved and he had
completed final plans and specifications, and work
on the project was about to be commenced, the
property owner abandoned it.

The engineer sued to recover the agreed fee of
5 per cent on the cost of the proposed construc-
tion work. The counsel for the property owner
argued that he should not be entitled to recover
more than $250 for the service rendered.

However, it is interesting to observe that the
higher court held the engineer entitled to recover
the full 5 per cent commission.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

M 69 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

« « « Society and Club Meetings » » »

NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CHAPTER

A meeting of the Northern California Chapter,
the American Institute of Architects, was held at
the Plaza Hotel, San Francisco, on the evening
of February 23rd. Henry H. Gutterson presiding.

Mr. Fairweather introduced the matter of a
reduction in the building wage scale and stated
that many trades are not receiving the scale es-
tablished by the Impartial Wage Board. The dis-
cussion which ensued was to the effect that the
present concern should be towards a stabilizing
of wages and the following motion of Mr. Nor-
berg, seconded by Mr. Donovan, was unani-
mously passed:

Resolved: that the Northern California
Chapter accept in principle the suggestion of
consideration of stabilizing wages in the
building industries throughout the bay reg-
ion, and that it proceed in its investigation
through the appointment of a committee of
three to confer with the Building Congress
toward that end.

The Chapter was pleased to have as its guest,
A. M. Edelman, of Los Angeles, who is a mem-
ber of the State Board of Architectural Examin-
ers. In responding to his introduction, Mr. Edel-
man spoke of the attitude in Southern California
relative to the effort being made for the benefit
of the unemployed, through the instituting of the
five-hour shift in labor.

Mr. Gutterson reported on work being under-
taken by the Educational Committee, in prepara-
tion of a syllabus for the State Board of Archi-
tectural Examiners. While on this subject, Mr.
Donovan voiced an opinion of faults to be found
within the curriculum of universities for fitting
students for their life work in architecture.

Announcement was made of the preparations
which are under way for the biennial honor award
exhibit.

Mr. Gutterson told of the successful effort of
the Committee on Practice to prevent the holding
of an unauthorized competition for a Veterans'
Memorial Building in Sonora. Mr. Donovan, sec-
onded by Messrs. Norberg and Meyer, moved
that the President of the Chapter and the Chair-

man of the Committee on Competitions and Prac-
tise, be commended for their prompt action and
that the Chapter support a continuance of such
effort as later occasions require.

The Secretary was instructed to send a letter
to the Supervisors of Tuolumne County, acknowl-
edging the Chapter's appreciation of their atti-
tude in meeting its request.

A general discussion of unauthorized competi-
tions followed. Mr. Evers suggested that the
Committee on Practice consider the advisability
of circularizing all county boards with a state-
ment of the authorized Institute procedure in such
matters. Mr. Roeth, the chairman of the com-
mittee, believed that the Chapter's interest should
be extended to include private as well as public
work.

Delegates were selected for the annual Con-
vention of the Institute to be held in Washington.
D. C. on April 27-28-29. Following their indi-
cation of willingness to attend, Messrs. Meyer,
Donovan, Perry, Evers and Wurster were chosen.
— J.H.M.

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CHAPTER
Significant of the 200th birthday anniversary of
George Washington, Colonel Charles Harrison
Haskell made an address on Colonial patriotism
at the February meeting of the Southern Cali-
fornia Chapter, American Institute of Architects,
held at the Victor Hugo restaurant in Los Ange-
les. February 9.

Professor Verle L. Annis of the College of Ar-
chitecture, University of Southern California, gave
a talk on Colonial Architecture in Delaware, illus-
trated with lantern slides of unpublished drawings
and photographs of historical interest.

The special committee recently appointed to
further the aims of H. R. Bill No. 6187, a bill
requiring the Treasury Department to employ
private architects on all Federal government build-
ing projects costing more than $50,000. reported
that the bill had been endorsed by the Los Angeles
Chamber of Commerce, the Los Angeles County
Chambers of Commerce and the California Cham-
ber of Commerce.

< 70 ►

OREGON CHAPTER

The regular monthly meeting of Oregon Chap-
ter was held February 16th at the University
Club, Portland. Present: Messrs. Doty, Parker,
Brookman, Jones, Jacobberger, Bean, James,
Sundeleaf, Crowell, Holford, Church, Roehr,
Johnson, Aandahl and Wallwork. Guests: Messrs.
Hogue, Van Snider and Herman of West Coast
Lumber Association.

Mr. James, in behalf of the Civic Building Ser-
vice Bureau, asked that architects knowing of
owners who might build if they had more encour-
agement, report same to the Bureau, which may
be able to bring the necessary pressure to start
action. This invitation is hereby extended to all
members.

Mr. Hogue, Mr. Van Snider and Mr. Herman
gave instructive talks dealing chiefly with moisture
content of lumber. They exhibited a machine
which instantly measured the moisture content by
electrical resistance. Mr. Herman extended a cor-
dial invitation to architects to visit his laboratory
at 708 Milwaukie Avenue. — W.H.C.

WASHINGTON STATE CHAPTER
Following the wishes of the members of Wash-
ington State Chapter, A. I. A., as expressed at
a previous meeting, the annual meeting for this
year was held in the Architecture Building at the
University of Washington, which formed an in-
teresting setting for the occasion. Ample oppor-
tunity was afforded for the exhibition of sketches
entered in a competition held under the auspices
of the Chapter and in the evening a joint meeting
was enjoyed with the students who furnished the
entertainment.

The annual business meeting was called to or-
der by President Borhek in the library of the
Architectural Department at 2 o'clock. The annual
address of the president being deferred, the secre-
tary was called upon to present his report as the
first order of business.

The membership of the Chapter has remained
as for the year before at 82 members, not taking
into account, however, some who were destined
to be dropped on account of delinquency in dues.
The Chapter membership is made up of three
Honorary Associates, two Fellows, 66 other Insti-
tute members and 1 1 Chapter Associates. The
Chapter gained two members, newly elected to
the Institute, and lost two by death during the
year.

The secretary's report was approved and the
treasurer then presented his annual report with
figures giving in detail the financial operations of
the Chapter during the year. Total resources were
stated as $2,801.95, of which $1,926.51 was in the
permanent fund. Receipts totaled $2,906.50, in-
cluding a balance of $333.08 on hand at the be-
ginning of the year and money transferred from
the reserve and delegates fund and from the per-
manent fund, amounting to $875.00.

The net cost for publishing the Bulletin in 1931
was $266.53. An effort will be made to make the
monthly publication more nearly self-sustaining
by avoiding the printing of double numbers and
increasing the advertising, if possible.

The item of expense for advertising has been
practically eliminated.

Election of officers being next in order, the list
of nominations was read by the secretary, and
while the balloting was under way there were
presented some communications which had been-
received by the Chapter. One from the Libby-
Owens-Ford Glass Company, announcing a pres-
entation of sound moving pictures of their indus-
try, one from Los Angeles requesting architectural
exhibits in connection with the Olympic Games,
one from the Spokane Society of Architects rela-
tive to the Federal Architecture campaign, which
was referred to the Committee on Federal Archi-
tecture, and one from the Architectural League of
New Jersey relative to the Architects' Small
House Service Bureau, which was referred to the
incoming Committee on Domestic Architecture.

The president then called upon B. Marcus
Priteca, who spoke entertainingly of his pleasure
in returning to Seattle. Results of the election
were then announced and officers for the ensuing
year declared elected as follows:

President, J. Lister Holmes; first vice-president,
R. F. McClelland; second vice-president, Ernest
T. Mock; third vice-president, Harry C. Weller;
secretary, Lance E. Gowen; treasurer. Albert M.
Allen; member of the executive board for three
years, Arthur L. Loveless; delegates to the Insti-
tute convention with the president and secretary,
delegates ex-officio, F. A. Naramore and Henry
C. Weller.

President Holmes was escorted to the chair and
after voicing his appreciation of the honor con-
ferred with felicitous remarks regarding the past

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

^ 71 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

accomplishments of the Chapter and anticipations
for the future, the business session was adjourned.
Following the annual business meeting a buffet
dinner was served in the upper drafting room of
the Architecture Building, the girls of the depart-
ment acting as hostesses under the direction of
Marvel Johnson, Phyllis Dolm and Rosa Polacio.

February Meeting

The Washington State Chapter members with
others participating in the morning conference
met for luncheon at the Frederick and Nelson Tea
Room and after the luncheon the regular monthly
meeting of the Chapter was called to order by
President Holmes.

The committees for the ensuing year were an-
nounced by the president. A report from the exhi-
bition committee was made by Mr. Stoddard, the
chairman, who mentioned a proposed exhibition
of domestic work to be held in May in conjunc-
tion with a civic committee on building and allied
industries which was endeavoring to stimulate
activity in this field. Harlan Thomas, chairman of
the former committee on Federal architecture, an-
nounced that telegrams had been sent to Wash-
ington urging the passage of the legislation pre-
pared for Congress by the Institute and asked for
more time for the resolution to be sent by the
Chapter..

The Chapter's new vice-president from east of
the mountains, Harry C. Weller, was next intro-
duced. Mr. Weller expressed his appreciation of
not only being elected vice-president but a dele-
gate to the Institute convention. He spoke briefly
of the formation and activities of the Spokane
Society of Architects, notable features being the
campaign to get the government out of the archi-
tectural business, the meeting with President
Kohn, a proposed Building Congress, the weekly
luncheons, and monthly meetings with material
men and others in the building industry.

President Holmes then turned the meeting over
to Mr. Gould, chairman of the education commit-
tee, who complimented the high school instructors
who were present on their activity and interest,
spoke highly of the exhibition of students' work
at the conference and introduced the instructors
who were present.

Professor Stanley Smith, head of the Depart-
ment of Architectural Engineering at the State
College, spoke of the instruction he was giving
to teachers on domestic architecture. His radio
program had progressed. It was now given four

times a week, featuring "The House That Jack
Built", as a successor to "The King's Castle."

Mr. Gould then read a letter from Charles But-
ler, chairman of the A. I. A. committee on educa-
tion, urging architects to visit the schools to fur-
ther architectural instruction. He introduced
George Gove of Tacoma who gave special credit
to Mr. Borhek for establishing the contact be-
tween the architects and the schools and recom-
mended as subjects for special consideration the
need of more definite programs of instruction and
the sending of work of the schools around to other
schools. Mr. Osgood of the John Marshall Junior
High School of Seattle, after being called upon,
referred to the same subject, stating that there
was in Seattle a committee at work on uniform
courses and he felt that sending work around
to the different schools would be generally help-
ful.

ARCHITECTS ORGANIZE
Registered architects of Oregon formally organ-
ized a state association as the climax to the first
annual conference, which was held Friday, Jan-
uary 22, in the Public Library building at Port-
land. Ernst Kroner was elected general chairman,
and Margaret Fritsch, secretary of the Oregon
Architectural Examining Board, was chosen sec-
retary-treasurer. Committee chairmen were named
as follows: Public works, Harold Doty; building
laws, O. R. Bean; public relations. Frederick
Claussen; contractural relations, Fred Aandahl;
lien laws, J. E. Tourtellotte; all of Portland, and,
registration laws, J. E. Wicks, Astoria.

SPOKANE SOCIETY
The Spokane Society of Architects has set aside
the second meeting of each month for discussion
of problems pertinent to all groups of the con-
struction industry. The group is working with the
Associated Engineers on unemployment problems
and has submitted a list of idle draftsmen to this
body. A letter was written to the City Council
in regard to a change in the plumbing ordinance
which would permit the use of a certain system in
buildings less than three stories in height.

FEBRUARY MEETING
General discussion of policies to be pursued
during the ensuing year was held by members of
the Washington State Society of Architects at a
dinner meeting in the Gowman Hotel, Seattle,
February 1 1 . John S. Hudson occupied the chair.

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER ^ 72 ►

MARCH. NINETEEN

MODERNIZATION OR OBSOLESCENCE
By J. C. Knapp
Vice President, Otis Elevator Co.
HERE seems to be a more or less confirmed
idea that hotels are a deteriorating invest-

ment— and that this deterioration, which involves
final decay, must be accepted as an unpleasant
eventuality. This idea is much the same as when
one buys a horse or a suit of clothes. Now I know
that anyone who buys such a thing as a horse
knows that he is buying a deteriorating invest-
ment. He buys it with full knowledge that with
each succeeding year it will give him gradually a
decreasing return in service; and that finally the
horse will cease to exist. However, I do not think
that this rule of the horse should apply to hotel
buildings and their equipment. Nevertheless, this
seems often to be the case.

This somewhat fatalistic notion has always
seemed to me to be peculiar to America. We have
been growing so fast, and have become so accus-
tomed to seeing old buildings pulled down and re-
placed by newer ones, that we have taken the atti-
tude of mind that this pulling-down and building-
up process was an evidence of progress. It is not
really so. I do not think that this is so much an
evidence of progress as it is an evidence of un-
stability — and unstability tied up with the progress
of a new country such as America is.

I have often thought of obsolescence as not
unlike the disease of consumption. It steals upon
us quietly; but if taken in time there is a cure.
Sometimes when this has been allowed to run too
long a doctor must be called and drastic measures
resorted to before recovery is possible. But the
idea is to prevent obsolescence; it can be done just
as in the matter of consumption.

What happens when an apartment house, an
office building or a hotel becomes what we are
pleased to call out-of-date? Even though the loca-
tion may be good; even though the management
continues to give good service and it maintains
its reputation, trade begins to drift to the newer
building or the competing house, and the business
becomes a losing proposition. For a while the
management may struggle against this tide; it may
even lower rates or curtail service in a desperate
effort to keep its business; but earnings continue
to fall, and it means bankruptcy in the end.

I would like now to bring out a point which I
do not think is very well understood here in
America; although to me it seems vital.

There are two ways of providing for obso-
lescence. One — is to set aside a certain sum each
year as a sinking fund to cover the future deterio-
ration of the property. The other — is to not only
set aside this fund each year, but to spend it each
year for the purpose of preventing the property
from becoming less valuable. There is a wide
difference between these two theories — a differ-
ence which I can perhaps best illustrate by com-
paring this with what a man does in his own per-
sonal life, as regards his health. I suppose any
one of us (when he comes to budget his own per-
sonal income for the year) will set aside in the
budget, on the first of January, a certain sum for
contingencies and doctor's bills. Now, suppose
that he becomes ill in July. He has (presumably)
the money set aside in his budget to pay the doc-
tor. He then has a choice of two courses open to
him. He can save the expense, refuse to call in a
doctor and trust to luck that he will get well. Or,
on the other hand, if he is wise, he calls in the
doctor, and gets well as soon as he can. In other
words, he knows it to be common sense to spend
his doctor's allowance as and when needed, rather
than try to keep his money in the bank. He knows
if he continues to save his doctor's bill, some day
he will die without having used his doctor's money
for the purpose for which it was set aside. In
other words, obsolescence allowed to run, is death.

There are no complicated requirements in find-
ing ways of curing the inroads of time; in com-
batting obsolescence. It is simple. But it seems
that the simplest matters are oftenest overlooked
or regarded as the greatest bugaboos. It is diffi-
cult to understand; for instance, a building owner
carefully insures against the fire hazard, and sets
aside a definite sum each year for this protection.
Fire hazards are remote; but they are a risk never-
the less and fire insurance is unquestionably sound.
But obsolescence! It's not a risk — it's a certainty;
just as certain as death and taxes. And yet, how
few plan ahead and make provision for protec-
tion against this rapacious enemy of good busi-
ness — of profits; an enemy that will destroy a
building's earnings just as surely as will fire. The
only difference is, that in one the agony of failure
is prolonged.

In these days of competitive bids for business
the pace is a swift one; people are not going to
string along with a has-been. But modernity does
not mean a new building always. You know of

THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER

< 73 ►

MARCH, NINETEEN THIRTY-TWO

American 31ngtttute of ^reinfects

(Organized 1857)
Northern California Chapter

President Henry H. Gutterson

Vice-President Albert J. Evers

Secretary-Treasurer .... Jas. H. Mitchell

Directors

John J. Donovan Harris C. Allen Lester Hurd

Fred'k. H. Meyer G. F. Ashley Berge M. Clarke

Southern California Chapter, Los Angeles

President Gordon B. Kaufmann

Vice-President Sumner M. Spaulding

Secretary Palmer Sabin

Treasurer Paul J. Duncan

Directors

Carleton M. Winslow Wm. Richards Roland E. Coate

Eugene Weston, Jr.

Santa Barbara Chapter

President Russel Ray

Vice-President Harold Burket

Secretary E. Keith Lockard

Treasurer Leonard A. Cooke

Oregon Chapter, Portland

President Harold W. Doty

Vice-President Fred Aandahl

Secretary W. H. Crowell

Treasurer Harry A. Herzog

Trustees
C. H. Wallwork Jamieson Parker, William Holford

Washington State Chapter, Seattle

President J. Lister Holmes

First Vice-President . . . . R. F. McClelland

Second Vice-President Ernest T Mock

Third Vice-President .... Harry C. Weller

Secretary Lance E. Gowen

Treasurer . Albert M. Allen

Executive Board
Arthur L. Loveless Clyde Grainger Arthur P. Herrman

San Diego Chapter

President Wm. Templeton Johnson

Vice-President Robert W. Snyder

Secretary C. H. Mills

Treasurer Ray Alderson

Directors
Louis J. Gill Hammond W. Whitsitt

g>m Jfrancteco Hrcfntectural Club

130 Kearny Street

President C. Jefferson Sly

Vice-President Donnell E. Jaekle

Secretary D. E. Reinoehl

Treasurer Sterling Carter

Directors

F. A. Reynaud S. C. Leonhauser R. Nordin

HoS Angeles Hrcfcttectural Club

President Sumner Spaulding

Vice-Presidents:

Fitch Haskell, Ralph Flewelling, Luis Payo

Treasurer Kemper Nomland

Secretary Rene Mussa

Directors

Tyler McWhorter J. E. Stanton Robt. Lockwood

Manager, George P. Hales

^agfjington ^tate^octetp of Hrctjitetts

President John S. Hudson

First Vice-President Julius A. Zittle

Second Vice-President .... Stanley A. Smith

Third Vice-President R. M. Thorne

Fourth Vice-President R. C. Stanley

Secretary L. F. Hauser

Treasurer H. G. Hammond

Trustees
E. Glen Morgan O. F. Nelson

H. H. James Wm. J. Jones

^octetp of Hlameba Count? Mrcbitects

President William E. Schirmer

Vice-President Morton Williams

Secretary-Treasurer W. R. Yelland

Directors
W. G. Corlett J. J. Donovan

W. R. Yelland Jas. T. Narbitt

long 2freacb Arcbitectural Club

President Hugh R. Davies

Vice-President Cecil Schilling

Secretary and Treasurer . . . Joseph H. Roberts

Pasadena Architectural €lub

President Edward Mussa

Vice-President Richard W. Ware

Secretary Roy Parkes

Treasurer Arthur E. Fisk

Executive Committee
Mark W. Ellsworth Edwin L. Westberg Orrin F. Stone

£>tate Aaaoriatton (Ealtfnrma Arrijttrrta

President Albert J. Evers, San Francisco

Vice-President . . Robert H. Orr, Los Angeles

Secretary A. M. Edelman, Los Angeles

Treasurer .... W. I. Garren, San Francisco

Executive Board (Northern Section)

Albert J. Evers H. C. Allen Chester H. Miller

W. I. Garren

Robert H. Orr

(Southern Section)

Louis J. Gill

Harold Burkett

A. M. Edelman

Directors (Northern Section)
Henry Collins, Palo Alto; Ernest Norberg, San Mateo;
Henry H. Gutterson, San Francisco; L. C Perry, Vallejo.

Directors (Southern Section)
R. D. King, Santa Monica; Everett Parks, Anaheim;
J. A. Murray, Hollywood; Herbert J. Mann, San Diego.

^an Si>go ano itotperial (Eomtin g>nrietw

State Association of California Architects

537 Spreckels Theater Building,
San Diego, Calif.

President Herbert J. Mann

Vice-President Eugene Hoffman

Secretary-Treasurer .... Robert R. Curtis

Executive Board

Herbert J. Mann Eugene Hoffman Robert R. Curtis

Louis J. Gill William P. Lodge

Ways and Means Committee

Robert Halley, Jr. Frank L. Hope, Jr.

Hammond W. Whitsitt

The Architect and Engineer. March, 1932

American j^octetp HanbScape BrcfjttertB

Pacific Coast Chapter

President L. Deming Tilton

Vice-President Chas. H. Diggs

Secretary Miss Katherine Bashford

Treasurer Russell L. McKeon

Members Executive Committee
Wilbur David Cook George Gibbs

Skcfjitects Heague of ^ollptoooo

6520 Sunset Boulevard

Hollywood, California

President L. G. Scherer

Vice-President Verner McClurg

Secretary-Treasurer J. A. Murrey

Directors

Ralph Flewelling, M. L. Barker, James T. Handley,

Donald F. Shugart and John Roth

Hrcfjitectural examiners

Northern District

Phelan Building, San Francisco

President - - Albert J. Evers

Secretary ------ Henry H. Gutterson

Members
Warren C Perry Frederick H. Meyer C. J. Ryland

Southern District

1124 Associated Realty Building, Los Angeles

President John C. Austin

Secretary and Treasurer . . A. M. Edelman

John Parkinson

Members
Louis J. Gill

H. C. Chambers

^>tate poarb of engineer (Examiners

President H. J. Brunnier, San Francisco

Vice-President Henry D. Dewell

Secretary .... Ralph J. Reed. Los Angeles

^trurtural latginerra Aaaoriation

of Northern California

President L. H. Nishkian

Vice-President Walter Huber

Secretary-Treasurer A. B. Saph, Jr.

Board of Directors

Walter Huber A. B. Saph. Jr. Sidney Gorman

E. L. Cope Harold B. Hammill

The Architect and Engineer, March. 1932

course that one of the best radios on the market
is constructed so that parts, as improvements are
evolved, may readily be removed and replaced
with the new inventions, preserving the valuable
framework, the beautiful piece of furniture in
which you have invested many dollars.

May I repeat: it is criminal waste to tear down
or abandon a well-built hotel or office building
merely because some of the visible equipment be-
comes antiquated; it is poor business, however, to
attempt to make your patron-public accept what
appears to be ancient. Modernization doesn't
mean destruction; it means the introduction of
new and improved aids to service as the need for
them becomes apparent,
comes apparent.

I am firmly convinced that we are undergoing
reconstruction in our thinking in America. I be-
lieve we are beginning to count costs and to frown
on profligate waste.

NEW FIXTURE COMPANY
Charles Seymour and Ernest W. Essmann,
formerly executives of the Home Manufacturing
Company, announce the incorporation on January
14. 1932, of the Seymour Show Case & Fixture
Corporation with offices at 604 Mission Street,
San Francisco. It is the purpose of the new com-
pany to engage in general store fixture and equip-
ment manufacturing which will include store
fronts, church pews, interiors and special furni-
ture.

Both of these gentlemen are particularly well
fitted to give the architect and general contractor
the benefit of their many years' experience in this
field of endeavor.

VACUUM CLEANER SPECIFICATIONS
The National Super Service Company of To-
ledo, Ohio, has compiled some very interesting
specifications which may be obtained by making
application to the company's home office. The
specifications particularly emphasize the practic-
ability of the utilization of portable vacuum clean-
ers for buildings of the larger type and point out
that they have an assemblage of statistics and
data in this regard that will prove highly illumi-
nating to the building industry.

WASHINGTON ARCHITECTS MEET
"Problems of Instruction in Architectural Draw-
ing'' was the subject of a discussion conference
held February 20, in the board room of the Seattle
public schools, Central Building, Seattle. The
conference was held under the direction of the
educational committee of the Washington Chap-
ter, the chairman being Carl F. Gould of Seattle.

THE PLAN OF WASHINGTON
To shape the development of Washington as
"an expression of the highest ideals and accom-
plishments of American art," eleven national or-
ganizations will hold during the last week in April
in Washington, D. O, what has been designated
as "the Bicentennial Conference on the National
Capital."

An executive committee, representing city plan-
ners, architects, landscape architects, sculptors,
painters, and allied fields, has been organized to
prepare plans for a permanent movement aimed
with the aid of Congress "to exert the full force
of intelligent professional opinion" in carrying out
the Plan of Washington, conceived by Major
Pierre Charles L'Enfant under the administration
of the first President.

Horace W. Peaslee has been named chairman
of the committee, of which Gardner S. Rogers, a
director of the City Planning Institute, is secre-
tary. The whole situation with respect to the Na-
tional Capital is now being studied, and recom-
mendations for a definite program will be sub-
mitted to the conference.

Enlistment of the country's ablest talent, free-
dom from political influence, appropriation of ade-
quate funds, and closer working arrangements
between Federal commissioners, are among the
aims of the participating groups, which are:

The American City Planning Institute, the
American Civic Association, the American Fed-
eration of Arts, the American Institute of Archi-
tects, the American Society of Civil Engineers,
City Planning Division, the American Society of
Landscape Architects, the Association of the
Alumni of the American Academy in Rome,
the Garden Club of America, the American Soci-
ety of Mural Painters, the National Conference
on City Planning, the National Sculpture Society.

"Sponsors of the conference," Mr. Peaslee said,
"have reached an agreement in principle on three
main points: First, that the development of

Washington, in its general plan and in its details,
should be in the hands of the ablest professional
men, in order that it may express the highest
ideals and accomplishments of American art.

"Second, that the employment of such . men
should be made possible by definite legislative
authorization; third, that the full force of profes-
sional and civic organizations should be directed
towards the accomplishment of this program and
towards the appropriation of ample funds to ob-
tain the men best fitted for the work, the proper
execution of their designs, and adequate mainten-
ance on a high standard.

"Another question is the establishment of a
more definite relationship between the Fine Arts
and Planning commissions and the professional
and other societies interested in the development
of the National Capital, to the end that these
commissions should not become self-perpetuating
bodies, nor be left in the hands of politics for
their appointments, independent of professional
sentiment and opinion in the country at large as
to the qualifications of men who should initiate or
pass upon work proposed for the National Capital.

"It is felt that at the present time contact be-
tween these commissions and the professions ex-
ists only in times of emergency when support is
desired either for the obtaining of authorization
and appropriations or for the blocking of some
ill-considered project which jeopardizes the Plan
of Washington. An opinion seems to prevail that
a close working contract should be established.

"Corollary to this, the proposal has been ad-
vanced that, in view of the number of general
planning projects reviewed by the Commission of
Fine Arts, the established profession of city plan-
ning should have recognition in the personnel of
the Commission of Fine Arts.

"General agreement has been reached that steps
should be taken in support of definite legislative
measures, several of which are pending in present
Congress, making possible the employment of

CHAS. R. McCDRMICK LUMBER CD.

LUMBER-TIMBER-PILES-SPARS
LATH-SHING-LES-FIR-TEX

GENERAL OFFICE

215 Market Street

Phone DOuglas 2561

YARDS and TERMINAL

2000 Evans Avenue

Phone VAlencia 2700

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA

The Architect and Engineer, March, 1932

c9ndex to Advertisers

CLASSIFIED LIST OF ADVERTISERS ON PAGES 107. 108. 109, 110

American Marble Co

American Rolling Mill

American Telephone & Telegraph Co.

Anderson and Ringros2

Apex Mfg. Co

Armstrong- Cork Co.

Baker & Prussia

Bass-Heuter Paint Co.
Brown Hardwood Co..

Cabot Inc.. Samuel *

California Shade Cloth Co.. Inc S3

Clark & Sons, N - 5

Clervi Marble & Mosaic Co 99

Clinton Construction Co 95

Cook Marble Co., Ray 102

Crane Company 98

Cutler Mail Chute 87

Cobbledick. Kibbe Glass Co 82

Davey Tree Surgery Co.. Ltd 106

Detroit Steel Products Co 85

Dahlstrom Metallic Door Company 104

Del Monte Properties 96

Dickey Clay Mfg. Co.. W. S 96

Dinwiddle Construction Co 102

Fink & Schindler Co

Forderer Cornice Works
Fenestra Steel Sash

Garnett Young & Company 98

General Roofing Co 100

Gladding Bros. Mfg. Co 96

Gladding McBean & Co 7

Golden Gate Materials Co 96

Grace. John S6

Grinnell Company of the Pacific 97

Gunn. Carle & Company 93

Hammond. M. E

Hately & Hately

Haws Sanitary Drinking Faucet Co..

Hunt Co.. Robert W

Hunter & Hudson

S. T

Sen

/ice Co

Pile

John
Juds

Kawneer Mfg. Co

Kennerson Mfg. Co.

Kewanee Co

Knowles. A

Kraftile Co

Lannom Bros. Mfg. Co.

Larsen & Larsen

Leather Mat Mfg. Co. ..

Lesher. Hoyt M

Lindgren, Swinerton, In

MacDonald & Kahn

MacGruer & Co

Mangrum-Holbrook Co

Marshall & Stearns -

Master Builders

McClintic-Marshall Co

McCormick Lumber Co

McLeran & Co., R

McNear Brick Co

Mercury Press

Michel & Pfeffer

Mueller Company

Mullen Manufacturing Co

Musto Sons Keenan Co.. Jossph

Nason & Co., R. N 89

National Lacquer Co., Ltd 86

National Lead Company Back Cover

Ocean Shore Iron Works

Otis Elevator Company 2nd Cov

Pacific Coast Engineering Co 102

Pacific Coast Electrical Bureau *

Pacific Coast Gas Association 2

Pacific Coast Steel Corp *

Pacific Foundry Co 78

Pacific Manufacturing Co 101

Pacific Metals Co.. Ltd 78

* Appears alternate months

Pacific Portland Cement Co.

Palace Hardware Co

Palm Iron & Bridge Works .

Paraffine Companies

Parker Co.. Inc., K. E

Picard, Inc., W. H

Pittsburg Water Heater Co.
Pittsburg Glass Co. .-

Quandt & Sons, A.

Reading Iron Company

Richmond Pressed Brick Company

Sandoval Sales Co

Santa Fe Lumber Company ..
Simonds Machinery Company

Sisalkraft Co

Sloane, W. & J

Soule Steel Co

Stanley Works. The

Steelform Contracting Co

Stockholm & Sons

Sunset Lumber Co

Tompkins-Kiel Marble Co.
Tormey Company, The

United Materials Co.

Volker & Co., Wm

Vaughan-G. E. Witt Co.

Vermont Marble Co

Villadsen Bros.. Inc.

Walker-WilkesDn Sandstone

Walter & Co.. D. N. & E

Wayland Co.. Ltd

Weir Electric Appliance Co

Wells Fargo Bank

Western Iron Works

Westinghouse Elec. & Mfg. Co.

William Co.. G. W

Wood Lumber Co., E. K

Young & Horstmeyer

The Architect and Engineer, March, 1932

MONEL

in the
MEAT INDUSTRY

"Monet" always used where
cleanliness, durability, appear'
ance are of major importance.

PACIFIC METALS COMPANY, Ltd.
PACIFIC FOUNDRY COMPANY, Ltd.

3100 Nineteenth Street
San Francisco

551 Fifth Avenue
New York

470 East Third Street
Los Angeles, Calif.

capable and experienced men in the various fields
of the arts on Federal projects under existing
governmental agencies or under any of the pend-
ing public works administration measures.

"Support is to be consolidated for specific proj-
ects in the development of the Capital, such as
the completion of the Mall, the Monument
grounds, the George Washington Memorial Park-
way, and the aboretum. Efforts are to be made in
cooperation with the painters to obtain adequate
technical supervision of existing murals in public
buildings; with the sculptors to secure participa-
tion in the development of the proposed Hall of
Fame; and with both sculptors and painters to
obtain representation on the board of treasury
consultants.

"The work of the Planning Commission is to be
carefully studied with a view of obtaining more
general cooperation in the carrying out of its
plans, in stabilizing zoning, and in guiding private
development along lines befitting the Capital of
the nation.

"All of these findings have been developed for
submission to the various groups involved, with-
out committing these groups until action is taken
at the Bicentennial conference. The mere fact of
the holding of this conference shows the tremen-
dous interest throughout the country in the de-
velopment of the city founded by George Wash-
ington and designed by Major L'Enfant, and
augurs well for its future.

"It is hoped that out of the conference will
develop in each organization a committee on the
National Capital similar to the nation-wide com-
mittee of the American Institute of Architects;
and that their work may be coordinated by a cen-
tral committee of the group chairmen, so that the
full force of intelligent professional opinion may
be exerted as occasion arises."

Problems of the National Capital will also be
discussed at the sixty-fifty convention of the
American Institute of Architects to be held in
Washington, April 27, 28 and 29.

S. & S. TILE COMPANY
Eri H. Richardson, who has been representing
Solon & Schemmel (S. & S. Tile Co.), has sev-
ered his connections with this firm. The selling
will be carried on as in the past through the San
Jose office and the sales office in the Building
Material Exhibit, 557 Market Street, San Fran-
cisco.

SCHOOL ASSEMBLY HALL
Plans are being prepared by Louis S. Stone,
Howden Building, Oakland, for a $15,000 as-
sembly hall at the Harding School, El Cerrito.
The auditorium will have a gallery and will seat
650 pupils.

The Architect and Engineer, March. 1Q1?

MEETING ROOF PROBLEMS
By J. I. Holder*
Ordinarily, the demand that a roof be water-
tight is not a difficult one to fulfill. But in the
case of the new Paramount Theater. Oakland,
the architects. Miller & Pflueger, were doubly ex-
acting.

In the application of this roof, the problems io
be met were of an extraordinary nature. There
were curves and varying inclines. The finish must
be of a rolled surface similar to the surface of a
street. It must withstand the abuse not only of
wind and weather, the hot rays of the sun and
the bite of frosts — but it must also withstand the
abuse of traffic. And above all other things, it
must be clean.

Spray equipment was specified which, when
turned into operation, will subject the roof to tor-
rential rains. A large sump, six feet and three
feet deep, constructed in the roof, must carry off
a portion of the water to the machinery below for
cooling purposes. Hence, it is so important that
the water arrive at its destination absolutely free
of dirt and grit.

With the determination to make this roof an-
other "perfect roof," the Paraffine Companies,
Inc., and the Alta Roofing Company collaborated
and applied a Pabco roof to meet all these condi-
tions. It provides the clean, rolled finish required
and will be kept in a state of watertight service
by the Paraffine Companies for a term of twenty
years.

This roof at once typifies and assures the per-
manency of the structure as a whole because after
all no building is much better than its roof.

BRICK PEOPLE ACTIVE
The Brick Association in the Pacific Northwest
is working on a scheme to call the attention of the
public to the improvements which might be ef-
fected on many old structures by proper altera-
tions in the line of modernization. This would be
particularly applicable to homes. This is to be
effected by means of a campaign showing a pho-
tograph of an old building, and a drawing show-
ing its appearance when appropriately altered,
which are to be displayed in various down-town
windows, and a house to house circulation canvas
in various districts. This would at least serve to
bring to the attention of owners of antiquated
houses the benefits to be derived from proper
alterations. The appearance of many districts
might be completely changed by the proper utili-
zation of such alteration methods.

Much is being said these days about the gov-
ernment encouraging the ownership of homes.

MR.

REDWOOD
PRODUCER!

What has become of your adver'
tising?

Do your salesmen know how to
use advertising to break down
ever present resistance?

Do your merchandising methods
excite the contractors' and archi'
tects1 urge to specify, buy or
resist?

Have you perfected your sales,
advertising and merchandising
policies to the point where you
are SURE you are getting your
share of the present market?

// you cannot answer any of these questions

with a definite affirmative, then you

should telephone or write

us immediately.

THE
ARCHITECT & ENGINEER

1662 Russ Building
San Francisco

'ing Department the Pa

The Architect and Engineer, March, 1932

MARBLE GLASS

Patent applied fur. Manufactured in -varied colors and
markings See samples at our slioiv rooms.

MAC G R U E R
& COMPANY

266 Tehama Street
San Francisco

Cobbledick, Kibbe
Glass Company

Sun Francisco and Oakland
Distributors for Northern California

eclesiastical » »

« Architecture

mil,

<7he Work of

Henry Carlton Newton

and

Robert Dennis Murray,

Architects, Los Angeles,

will be featured in the

April issue of Architect and Engineer.

•

Descriptive Article by"

H.RoyKelley,A.I.A.

Extra copies should be ordered in
advance.

The question of how this can best be accomplish-
ed is all bound up with that of financing, mort-
gaging, construction, etc. One of the great evils
in the matter of home ownership is the lack of
insurance against shoddy construction, which af-
fects the financing, and even more the ultimate
life of the house. Some method should be worked
out which would give to each house a certificate
of quality so that the layman, who is apt to be
misled as to the quality of construction by the ex-
ternal appearance of a building, would at least
know what he was buying. This function of cer-
tifying to the quality of a house, or any other
building, might be a duty of the building depart-
ment, with the cooperation of the architect, and in
that way no new machinery would be required.

The advocacy of such a method could properly
be pushed by the architects. Its adoption would
result undoubtedly in improving the quality of

buildings.

OPPOSE NAMING SUB-CONTRACTORS

The Associated General Contractors of Amer-
ica in their recent annual convention at Milwaukee
unanimously adopted resolutions opposing enact-
ment of H. R. 4680 and S. 437, known as the
Goss-Bingham bills, now pending in Congress
which they claim would curb the freedom of con-
tractural relations between general contractors
and subcontractors. These bills are being urged
by their proponents as a means to prevent "ped-
dling of bids" on government work. General con-
tractors assert that present regulations of the gov-
ernment on construction work require the approval
of all subcontractors by the contracting authority
before the subcontractor can go on the job and
the only thing the proposed bills would accomp-
lish would be to curb the freedom of contractural
relationships. Following is the text of the resolu-
tions adopted by the A. G. C:

"1. Proposal has been made to Congress in
H. R. 4680 and S. 437 providing that bidders
for the construction requirements of the federal
government be required to set forth in such bids
a statement of the names of all supplymen, whose
services are to be utilized on the project, the pur-
pose being to eliminate the shopping of bids after
the principal contract has been let.

"2. We hold that every one doing business
within the industry has it entirely within his power
to determine in advance of such dealings the busi-
ness characteristics of the men with whom he
proposes to do business. That in the great major-
ity of cases, it is disregarding of sound business
practices that creates trouble. The eagerness to
accept work at any price, to gamble on outwitting
the other fellow, or performing the impossible,
and in many cases just plain ignorance can be
traced as the direct causes of the difficulty.

"3. We believe that the relations, as existing

The Architect and Engineer. March, 1932

between the general contractor, the subcontractor,
and the materialman, must be guided and con-
trolled only by the establishing of proper under-
standing and the use of higher ethics and that
such relations cannot be controlled or bettered by
legislation.

"We hold that to enact the above law would
create an impractical condition in the execution
of the work and would add greatly to the con-
tract administration cost. The number and vari-
ety of performing agencies required on any one
operation, the change of circumstances during the
duration period of the contract, and the very
complicated and involved nature of construction
enterprises generally all contribute to this situa-
tion. Therefore be it resolved, by the Associated
General Contractors, in Convention assembled
this 21st day of January, 1932, that it oppose the
enactment of legislation of this character as being
contrary to the public interests that it attempts
to interest the responsible elements within the in-
dustry in the value of dealing only with responsi-
ble people and that it call the attention of all
elements in the industry to the value of confer-
ring with established credit bureaus as sources of
information to guide them in their dealings; be it
further resolved, that copies of this resolution be
forwarded to members of Congress and to the
heads of the various executive departments of the
federal government."

Another Lindgren & Swinerton, Inc.

Contract Completed

22 STORY MILLS TOWER, SAN FRANCISCO

Lewis P. Hobart, Architect

Under construction — Opera House and Veterans' Memorial
San Francisco Civic Center

NEW PLUMBING FIXTURE
The John Douglas Company of Cincinnati,
Ohio, have perfected a toilet bowl with sanitary
overflow that prevents back syphonage.

This new product is the result of careful re-
search and experimentation prompted by a long
recognized need. Architects, sanitary engineers
and health departments have maintained for years
that no plumbing fixture, device or construction
should be installed which will provide a cross
connection between a distributing system of water
for drinking and domestic purposes, and a drain-
age system, soil or waste pipe, thus permitting or
making possible a back flow of sewage or waste
into the drinking water supply.

The Douglas Company will furnish illustrated
specifications on request of their home office.

ARCHITECTS MOVE
Clarkson Swain has moved to 3401 Clay Street.
San Francisco.

Swartz & Ryland have moved to the Spazier
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Ralph Swearingen is at 1721 30th Street, San
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The Architect and Engineer. March, 1932

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Editor The Architect and Engineer:

You have been kind enough to publish our
communications relative to the movement insti-
gated by the New Jersey Chapter, A. I. A., to
have the Institute discontinue its support or spon-
sorship of the Small House Service Bureau. We
will appreciate publication by you of our detailed
report, which follows:

At a meeting of the New York Chapter,
A. I. A., on December 9, 1931, the affiliation of
the American Institute of Architects with the
Architects' Small House Service Bureau, Inc.. was
discussed. The discussion evidenced a growing
opposition to the affiliation. Later, the president
of the Chapter suggested, for the information of
the members, that the matter be investigated and
conclusions formulated unofficially. Accordingly, a
self-constituted committee undertook the investi-
gation. The personnel of the committee included
a Chapter past-president, a Chapter president, a
Chapter treasurer, a Chapter member, and a mem-
ber of an independent society of architects

The 1917 convention of the Institute "resolved
that the board of directors request the proper com-
mittee of the Institute to formulate a plan looking
toward the development of a better and more
harmonious architectural character in small dwell-
ing houses throughout the country; and to recom-
mend the best means for the education or instruc-
tion of the public as to what it should have and
may get in inexpensive houses."

The 1918 convention reported no progress.

The 1919 convention adopted a resolution to
appoint a special committee to devise means, ap-
propriate for the approval of the Institute, for the
improvement of small houses.

The 1 920 convention received a very compre-
hensive report from the committee on Small
Houses which indicated a method for producing
reasonably good plans; and the directors compli-
mented the Minnesota Chapter for assuming the
burden of initiating the work through the Archi-
tects' Small House Service Bureau.

The 1922 convention report of the committee
stated that there appeared to be developing some
opposition to the Bureau because of its using in
its literature the phrase "Controlled by the Amer-
ican Institute of Architects."

The 1923 convention records a statement of
the directors to clarify the Institute's responsi-
bility to and relationship with the Bureau to the
effect that it assumed no more responsibility for
the Bureau's "specific elements of service" than
it did of the "individual members of the Institute.''
and that it assumed no "interest in or approval of
ana specific acts of the Bureau in the development
of its operation nor any financial interest or con-
trol whatever."

The 1925 convention committee report indi-
cated signs of differences of opinion evidenced by
a minority report.

The 1926 convention adopted a resolution re-
questing a report from the directors on certain
matters related to the Bureau, and the convention

The Architect and Engineer. March. 1932

was informed that "the organization which was
formed for the control of the Bureau has not been
effected.''

The 1927 convention received a report of the
directors pertaining to the Bureau, agreeable to
the request of the 1926 convention, which included
a report of counsel and a financial statement.

The 1927 convention committee report was pre-
sented as unanimous although a minority report
was presented also, indicating a close connection
between a portion of the committee and the Bureau
evidenced by the predigested and predetermined
so-called "unanimous'' report.

The 1929 convention did not appoint a commit-
tee on Small Houses in the face of the growing
objections to the Bureau's use of the phrase "Con-
trolled by the American Institute of Architects."

Since 1929 an impenetrable obscurement has
characterized the relations of the Institute with
the Bureau until the announcement made by Wil-
liam Stanley Parker, president. Architects' Small
House Service Bureau, Inc., at the December 9,
1931, meeting of the New York Chapter. Mr.
Parker stated that the directors of the Institute,
at its October, 1931, meeting, had approved an
agreement made between the Bureau and the Na-
tional Homes Finance Corporation composed of
and capitalized by producers of building materials.
The corporation is to finance the construction of
small houses and the retail distributors of its
building materials are to sell the Bureau's stock
plans exclusively and advertise themselves as
"Agents for the Architects' Small House Service
Bureau, Inc.. — Endorsed by the American Insti-
tute of Architects." and. also, that supervision of
construction by architects will be provided at a
commission of \]/^ per cent of the cost of con-
struction.

The action of the directors in approving the
contract between the Bureau and the National
Homes Finance Corporation in October, 1931 . is a
violation of the clear and positive pronunciamcnlo
of the directors made in 1923, no record of re-
vision or voidance of which has been found in
the published documents of the Institute.

An immediate result of the agreement between
the National Homes Finance Corporation and the
Bureau (approved by the Institute directors) is
found in the leading article in the National Lum-
berman. December, 1931. To quote: — "a new set-
up has been developed for coping with the break-
down of the old order and providing a smoother-
running vehicle for the buildina industry in the
coming era. . . . One of the highly potent factors
for reviving home-building, is the present avail-
ability of architects to home-builders at small
fees. . . ."

To recapitulate:

( 1 ) The "coming era" promises architectural
services to home builders "at small fees" to those
who were heretofore unable to employ architects;
and,

(2) The public conception of architectural ser-
vices, created by a national advertising campaign,
will be that the purchase of a low-priced, ready-
made, hand-me-down Bureau stock-plan with
architectural supervision of construction at an in-

Thc Architect and Engineer. March, 1932

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adequate 1 Yi Per cent commission, constitutes true
architectural service; and

( 3 ) The whole tendency and effect of this pub-
lic belief will be to distinctly lower the popular
opinion of architecture and to practice thereof;
and,

( 4 ) Public opinion will appraise architectural
services as cheap and ordinary, not comparable in
value and importance to the services of other pro-
fessions, a conception that will accrue to all phases
of architectural practice; and

( 5 ) It will inflict an irreparable damage to the
rightful prestige and esteem of architecture and
architects; and,

(6) To this deplorable and growing public con-
ception and evaluation of what constitutes archi-
tectural services to the home-builders, the Ameri-
can Institute of Architects with its great prestige
and influence as the national architectural organi-
zation, contributes by its approval of the before-
mentioned contract, affiliation with and endorse-
ment of the Architects' Small House Service Bu-
reau, Inc.

There has been a marked improvement in the
architectural design and construction of all types
of buildings and a growing appreciation of good
architecture by the public since 1920; and, coin-
cident with this development there has been an
equal improvement in the architectural design and
construction quality of the stock-plans for small
houses produced by nearly all agencies, many of
which have and do retain competent architects of
experience and ability. There is no direct evidence
obtainable to determine whether the competition
of the Bureau in the small house stock-plan busi-
ness has had any material effect on the general
improvement made in such plans.

The affiliation with and "endorsement'' by the
Institute is used by the Bureau in its stock-plan
sales efforts, which, coupled with the inference that
the stock-plans are made by members of the Insti-
tute, causes these stock-plans erroneously to be
considered by the stock-plan-purchasing public as.
perforce, superior to stock-plans produced by
other agencies. The good reputation and prestige
of the Institute is prostituted to the end that stock-
plans are sold in cut-price competition with the
legitimate practice of architects.

The experiences of members of architectural or-
ganizations in the New York metropolitan region
evidences the indisputable fact that the sale of
Bureau and other stock plans effects a real dam-
age to the legitimate practice of many architects.
This is true to a greater degree in other regions
in proportion to population.

It is customary for some of the most active pro-
ponents of the Bureau to greatly under-estimate
or deny the inroads of the Bureau into the prac-
tice of a great number of architects, a large por-
tion of whose practice is confined to designing
small houses, because the nature of the practice
of these proponents is such that they have no
personal knowledge of the effects of the stock-
plan business.

While intending to exert a beneficient influence
in all matters architectural, the Institute is actually
engaged in an enterprise, through this affiliation
and "endorsement,'' which is destructive to the
business welfare of and is a disservice to many

The Architect and Engineer. March, 1932

worthy architects who, whether members of the
Institute or not, are entitled to its protection.

The affiliation of the Institute with the Bureau
is very objectionable to a considerable number of
architects who otherwise would become desirable
Institute members. In one instance, fourteen mem-
bers of an independent society of architects, who
are also members of an Institute Chapter, were
dissuaded by the other members of the society
from resigning in a body from their Institute
Chapter. This affiliation has aroused the resent-
ment of some and many others deplore the fact
that the great national organization of architects,
by its affiliation with and "endorsement" of a cut-
rate stock-plan business, has damaged their own
business or that of their brother architects.

Opposition to the affiliation is evidenced by res-
olutions adopted by the Baltimore, Brooklyn, Cen-
tral Illinois, Hawaii, Kansas City, New Jersey and
Toledo Chapters of the Institute. The attitude of
some independent architectural organizations in
the metropolitan district alone is expressed in
similar resolutions by the Architects' Club of
Brooklyn, Architects' Club of North Hudson,
Camden Society of Architects, Hudson County
Society of Architects, Long Island Society of
Architects, New Jersey Society of Architects,
New York Society of Architects, Staten Island
Society of Architects, the Architectural League
of Northern New Jersey, Union County Society
of Architects and Westchester County Society of
Architects. It is right and proper for any archi-
tectural organization to protest against a damage
inflicted on one or more of its members by the
Institute's affiiliate. the Bureau.

There is no evidence that this affiliation has the
endorsement of the members of the Institute as
discussion of the Bureau has been prevented in
conventions and in the Octagon. A recently pro-
posed letter-ballet referendum of all Institute
members was opposed in a Chapter meeting by an
Institute director, on the ground that "the mem-
bers were unacquainted with the facts."

The growing dissention within the Institute and
the opposition without the Institute is detrimental
to the best interests of the American Institute of
Architects. It is further evident from the expres-
sions of independent architectural societies that
the desirable and essential unification of architec-
tural organizations will not be effected as long as
this affiliation of the Institute with the Bureau
exists.

Recorded for the Committee by
A. T. North, A.I.A.

PLUMBERS TO CONVENE
The next annual state convention of the State
Association of Master Plumbers of California will
be held in Oakland, May 23, 24, 25th, 1932.

Harry G. Newman, of Oakland, has been ap-
pointed as directing chairman and is supported
by the following local committee:

W. H. Picard, Wm. D. Evans, Arthur Johnson,
L. J. Kruse, W. H. Graham, H. S. Salisbury,
Harry LeGassick, E. O. Dryer, Carl J. Doell.
John W. Rankin, N. J. Previati, J. A. Fazio, J. B.
Morse, Robt. Duncan, Jr., D. W. Durant.

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The Architect and Engineer. March. 1932

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ARCHITECTS' CO-OPERATION NEEDED

By S. G. Johnson, President

Alameda County Chapter, A. LA.

One of the worst evils in the building business
today is unsound credits. The Associated General
Contractors of America has an effective remedy
which should be applied consistently. Through a
sound system of credit stabilization the road
should be paved for the modification of the lien
law. which has proved an inadequate instrument
as a substitute for a defective credit system.

Our attention to legislation affecting the build-
ing business must not slacken. Much good can
be done for the industry by taking a stand either
for or against certain measures as they affect the
general contractor. The California Contractors'
License Law is still inadequate in dealing with
dishonest and incompetent contractors. New
amendments designed to put an end to fraudulent
practices still engaged in are needed.

The wage conditions present another problem
for which we must assist in finding some solution.
We are not so much interested in the reduction
of wages as we are in a more stabilized wage
condition. We are obliged to obtain work by
competition in the open market. An established
rate of wages from which no reduction can be
anticipated without a corresponding loss would
eliminate the disgusting practice of wage-cutting
and wage-gambling.

The general contractor of today is dependent
on the sub-contractor for the successful prose-
cution of his work. The benefits derived from
their business associations must be mutual. "Fair
play'' should not be a motto only but a sure gauge
for their dealings. Peddling of bids is not fair
play. This old, unethical practice is getting sick
of its own ugliness, but it is not dead yet. It is
still a disturbing factor in the building industry.
The general contractor, though partly responsible,
should not be blamed altogether. Yet retaliatory
measures, moral and legal, are now in the making
against him. Should these measures be adopted
for public and private work the general con-
tractor will find himself with nothing left but
the lumber. It would mean segregation of work,
which would be of no help to the sub-contractor
and would work a definite harm and great in-
justice to the master builder. We must take a
firm stand against these proposals. But our stand
will be weak unless we lend our support in try-
ing to find a solution for the problem.

I believe that no element is more important for
the sucesss of our business than the friendly rela-
tionship with the architects and engineers. This
relationship, much improved in recent years, can
be elevated to still higher levels. Mutual confi-
dence and respect is the safest foundation for any
business or association to rest upon. These attri-

The Architect and Engineer. March, 1932

butes, so fundamental, cannot be replaced with
contracts and specifications. The protection for
the owner, architect and contractor provided by
the builder's contract is essential, of course.

The Associated General Contractors for thir-
teen years has emphasized the importance of the
contract. But when all the legal and technical
machinery known to man has been employed, a
contract is still a weak instrument unless it be
sustained by "Skill, Integrity and Responsibility''
plus mutual confidence on the part of both the
architect and the contractor.

With reference to contracts and specifications,
we feel the need of a closer co-operation between
the architect and the general contractor. Both are
suffering for want of a better understanding of
each other's problems. Contracts are often unfair
to the contractor. Specifications with twenty or
thirty alternates compelling the contractor to esti-
mate the same plans many times in competition
against as many bidders as there are alternates,
place an unnecessary and unjust burden on the
contractor. We are looking for a more standard-
ized and just form of both contracts and specifi-
cations. I am also against the unfair competition
often endured by both crafts when each en-
croaches on the other's business. When the archi-
tect eliminates the general contractor and the
general contractor eliminates the architect the
road is being paved for the elimination of both.

COURTS AID ENFORCEMENT
"The January registration under the California
State Contractors' License Law brought the total
licentiates to 22,676. This figure represents the
total number of licenses issued since July 1, 1931,
and deductions have not been made for suspen-
sions or revocations, or the cancellation of licenses
issued to firms or individuals no longer in the
business." says Col. Carlos W. Huntington, di-
rector of the Department of Professional and
Vocational Standards and Registrar of Contrac-
tors in his report to Governor James Rolph for
January, 1932.

"Strong support of the department's increased
activity against illegal operations has been shown
by the attitude of the courts in recent prosecutions
brought against contractors. Two arrests in Jan-
uary resulted in fines of $50 each, and one un-
licensed operator received a ten day jail sentence.
Two other operators, found guilty, were given
thirty day jail sentences, suspended upon the pro-
vision that they straighten up their contracting
business to the entire satisfaction of the Regis-
trar, and violate none of the state laws regulat-
ing construction or contracting within the next
six months. In another case, the contractor having
plead guilty to a charge of contracting without a
license, a thirty day jail sentence was given but

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The Architect and Engineer, March, 1932

DEPENDABILITY
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suspended on provision the contractor secure his
license within the next month. A statement by
the Department that charges filed would make
it necessary for the contractor to appear at a
hearing with evidence in support of his applica-
tion drew the statement from the Judge that the
sentence would stand, and that the contractor
would have to do whatever was necessary to
secure his license, or serve the jail sentence.

"Actions in which the department was inter-
ested involving three contractors on various
charges of fraudulent operations in connection
with their construction business, resulted in con-
victions during the month. Sentences have not
yet been passed.

"The report of the work of the Complaint Sec-
tion follows:

Complaints filed in January 45

Complaints previously filed and not adjudicated 123

Total ins

Complaints dismissed or settled prior to hearing 18

Bearings held:

Cases settled 20

Cases continued 21

Total 41

Amounts involved in cases closed or dismissed S 29.108.12

Amounts involved in pending cases 426,337.42

Informal complaints investigated and settled 9

Amounts involved (approximately) 3.000.00

Licenses suspended 7

Licenses revoked 4

Licenses reinstated 2

Application denied 1

(The names of seven contractors, formerly in business, were placed
upon the ineligible li-t during the month, and will be unable to
secure a license in the future without an investigation or a hearing
before the Registrar as to their reputation and integrity as con-
tractors l

Prosecutions completed 7

Prosecutions pending (Warrants issued or case in hands of prosecutor) 5

Prosecution dismissed upon compliance 0

Convictions secured 6

"By authority of Section 8 of the Contractors'
License Law, the department is undertaking to
publish an official directory of licensed contrac-
tors. This publication will be ready for distri-
bution early in March. It will contain an alpha-
betical, and a geographical and classified direc-
tory, a copy of the contractors' law, and a brief
discussion of the functions of the Contractors'
Division. It will also contain other important in-
formation concerning the various state laws regu-
lating construction, which are of vital importance
to all contractors, material dealers, and others
closely allied to the construction industry. This
publication will be placed in the hands of such
public officials and organizations as are authorized
to receive it, and it will be supplemented at regu-
lar perods with lists of additional licenses issued,
as well as notices of suspensions, revocations and
reinstatements of licenses. Additional copies may
be secured from the Registrar of Contractors at
a reasonable price, as authorized by the law. The
state printing plant is now working a double shift
on this publication, and the price for the directory
will shortly be set, upon receipt of their state-
ment of costs.

"At approximately the time this report is sub-
mitted, the New York Legislature is being asked
to pass a law based upon and following very
closely the California contractors' license law.

The Architect and Engineer. March. 1932

The organization sponsoring this bill in New
York is one of a quasi-public nature, which re-
cently undertook and successfully completed a
revision of New York's antiquated lien laws. Re-
ports reaching this department from all over Cali-
fornia indicate that a very thorough poll was
taken by the New York interests among those
individuals and organizations in California in the
best position to discuss the merits and weaknesses
of the California contractors' license law. It is
significant that after this investigation, the bill
proposed in New York follows very closely our
California licensing act.

Registration o[ Architects and Engineers
"Certification of one new licentiate brought the
total under the Board of Architectural Examiners,
Northern Division, to 513. The board completed
thirty-seven investigations during the month,
with 30 additional cases pending. No arrests were
made by representatives of the board during the
month.

"The issuance of two licenses during January
brings the total under the jurisdiction of the
Board of Architectural Examiners, Southern Divi-
sion, to 706. One investigation was reported by
the board. No prosecutions were made, nor were
any licenses suspended or cancelled for viola-
tions of the act regulating the practice of archi-
tecture.

"The board reports favorable progress being
made on the proposed uniform ordinance, and on
the program to coordinate their efforts with those
of the Board of Registration for Civil Engineers
wherever there is a unity of interest.

"The Board of Registration for Civil Engineers
reports 5136 licentiates at the close of January.
This represents a net increase of nine over the
previous report. One application was rejected,
and four more are pending before the board. No
investigations were made. No licenses were sus-
pended or cancelled during the month. 28 engi-
neers were granted the authority to use the title
'Structural Engineer'. Nine applications for the
privilege of using the title Structural Engineer
were denied.

"The board has undertaken a program of bring-
ing before students in the various universities and
colleges the provision of the civil engineers' act,
so that those preparing for this work may know
as soon as possible the requirements necessary
to secure a license, and thus encourage them to
qualify as soon as possible for licenses."

HOSPITALS IN GREATER DEMAND
A changing social order which lengthens the
life-span and shortens the work-span of the aver-
age man and woman is seen by L. Seth Schnitman
of the F. W. Dodge Corporation, as the basis

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The Architect and Engineer, March, 1932

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MFG. CO., INC.

ARCHITECTURAL
WOODWORK

Bank, Store and Office
Fixtures

Fifth and Magnolia Streets Oakland, California

Phone LAkeside 3663

EXTERIOR and INTERIOR

MARBLE

/■ urnished and Installed
— by —

VERMONT MARBLE CO.

PROCTOR, VERMONT
Los Angeles - San Francisco - Tacoma, Wash.

K A WNEER

MODERNISTTIC CONSTRUCTION
FOR

Today's Store Front

Through years of experience Kawneer
craftsmen have acquired the art of ren-
dering in metal distinctive and efficient
store fronts of any size or design.

KAWNEER MFG. CO.

CALIFORNIA

for increasing demand for the construction of
hospitals and institutions.

Part of the solution of shifting population
composition must be cared for by new building
— more hospitals, larger medical centers more
sanitariums, more asylums, more homes for the
aged, more hospitals for the mentally deficient.
Writing in the Architectural Record, Mr. Schnit-
man points out that the middle-aged and aged
are proportionately larger as a group than ever
before and that conversely the young are pro-
portionately smaller as a group.

"In 1920, 21 per cent of our entire population
was 45 years or more of age," he says. "In 1930,
23 per cent of our population was 45 years or
older. In 1920, 34 per cent of our people were
35 years old or more; while in 1930, 37 per cent
of the population was in that category. By 1940,
it appears safe to assume that at least 25 per cent
of our people will be 45 or more years of age
and that at least 40 per cent will be 35 years or
more."

Mr. Schnitman shows that with medical science
materially enlarging life-span expectancy and
with machine age industry shortening the work
period society faces new problems in caring for
its increasing aged remnant.

"This is not so much the price of progress as
it is its reward," he says. "For as the future
unfolds, society's debt to itself will be liquidated
more fully than ever before. It is here that the
architect can make lasting contribution to the
cause of social advancement. So long as the
hospitals, the asylum, or the home for the aged
is designed and planned on the basis of so many
beds, just so long will these institutions continue
to fall short of their functional purposes. In
essence the hospital, the asylum and the home
for the aged are residential projects to meet a
particularized demand for shelter, comfort, sur-
roundings and environment. As the social changes
become more pressing, as the economic develop-
ments which lie ahead come to light, as govern-
ment more completely recognizes its paternal
responsibility, then may we expect to see new
ideas of hospitalization translate themselves into
suitable projects to meet the needs for particu-
larized shelter — not so many beds, but rather so
many housing units of a particular kind to meet
a specific condition.

"Essentially, therefore, this is the era in archi-
tecture, that demands liberalization — in truth it is
the time for liberalized specialization. It no longer
suffices to be an archtect, a specialist on the de-
sign of this or that structural type. The time has
arrived when the architect must know something
of the science of society, something of psychology,
something of psychiatry, something of all the
sciences which bear upon the broader aspects of

The Architect and Engineer. March. 1952

design and the requirements of a people accus-
tomed to an ever-rising living standard.

"During the 10-year period from 1921 to 1930,
inclusive, expenditures for new hospital buildings
and institutions throughout the United States
aggregated approximately $1,400,000,000. based
upon data from F. W. Dodge Corporation. Sev-
enty per cent of these expenditures for new hos-
pitals and institutions were made in the cities and
towns where 83 per cent of the entire population
made their homes. Inferentially. therefore, it may
be said that in our smaller cities and towns a
large need exists for better hospital facilities and
better institutions to cope with their growing
problems.

"All in all, the transition from the 'perambulator
stage to the wheel-chair era' in our society will,
in all probability, produce a new demand for
particularized shelter that should to some degree
offset the decline which appears presaged for
residential building because of the striking
changes that are taking place in our population
growth rate and in the age composition of our
people."

ARCHITECTS AND TRUST DEEDS
Trust deeds for financing the construction of
buildings was the topic for discussion at the
March meeting of the Southern California Chap-
ter, American Institute of Architects. Harry Lee
Martin, vice-president of the Pacific Mortgage
Guarantee Company, talked on the advantages of
using trust deeds and H. M. Goldman, Los An-
geles attorney and representative of the Citizens'
Trust Deed Reform League, talked on the disad-
vantages of using trust deeds.

Robert H. Orr, president of the State Associa-
tion of California Architects, who recently re-
turned from Washington, D. C, where he at-
tended meetings of the Unification Committees of
State Societies of Architects and the American
Institute of Architects, reported that the unifica-
tion program, as outlined and endorsed by the
Southern California Chapter, had received the
approval of the joint committees and the execu-
tive committee of the board of directors of the
American Institute of Architects. Mr. Orr also
stated that the unification scheme would be pre-
sented for discussion at the national convention
of the Institute to be held in Washington, D. C.
the last week in April.

Richard J. Neutra, recently returned from a trip
around the world, gave an illustrated talk on the
trend of modern architecture in European coun-
tries.

GORDON B. KAUFMANN HONORED
Gordon B. Kaufmann, architect, of Los An-
geles, has been chosen president of the California
Building Congress. Southern District.

Send for

Catalog

Kraftile High Fired Faience

for walls and floors

Proof against cracking, crazing, fading,
acid, frost and wear

Display Rooms

525 Market Street

San Francisco

^-HARDEN ED;.-J„. CONCRETE— '

For better - looking, longer - serving
concrete floors:

Metalicron: The metallic integral
hardner. Master Mix: Liquid inte-
gral hardner. Colored Master Built
Floors: Three types.
Also integral and surface waterproof-
ings.

Coast Distributors

Los Angeles:

The Master Builders Co.

426 So. Spring Street

Portland:

San Francisco:

The Master Builders Co.

Mills Building

Seattle:

Oakland:

Builders Exchange

Spokane:

R. H. Hoskins

Vane

McCracken-Ripley Co. Tourtellotte-Bradley, Inc. Wm. N. O'Neil Co., Ltd.

Pump Governors

Safety Pump Governors

Automatic Gas Regulat-
ing Valves

Gas Burners

Gas Burning Equipment

Vacuum Pump Governors

Vacuum Regulating
Valves

Continuous Flow Steam
Traps

Thermostats

Reducing Valves

Boiler Feed-Water
Regulators

Oil Heaters
Relief Valves
Oil-Burner Governors
Little Giant Improved

Oil Burners
Oil Pumping Sets
Oil Valves
Oil Strainers
Steam Oil Strainers
Duplex Oil Pumps
Rotary Oil Pumps
Boiler Feed Pumps
Water Heaters
Oil Meters

VAUGHN -G. E. WIH CO., Engineers

C. W. VAUGHN, President and Manager

MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS

4224-28 Hollis St.

Phone OL ympic 6084
Emeryville, Oakland. Calif.

STEEL REINFORCING

For a quarter of a century
by the ton or by the job.

Qutiti, Carle & Co

10th and Brannan

San Francisco

The Architect and Engineer, March. 1932

t STRUCTURAL STEEL CONTRACTOBS/

^WESTERN,
L\ IRON /
*\W0RKS /<

STRUCTURAL STEEL
WESTERN IRON WORKS

141-147 BEALE STREET

132-148 MAIN STREET

San Francisco Phone DAvenport 2575

The Modern Way —

BUILD WITH STEEL

Protect your Investment from

Fire and Quake

Structural Steel for Buildings

and Bridges

JUDSON-PACIFIC CO.

609 MISSION STREET, SAN FRANCISCO
DOuglas 4460

Plants, San Francisco and Oakland

The LATEST and BEST ideas

in hot water science are embodied

in the

PITTSBURG

It insures superior
Hot Water Service

Pittsburg Water
Heater Co.

478 Sutter Street

San Francisco

Phone SUtter 5025

W.3J.SLOANE

Established 1843

RUGS : CARPETS

LINOLEUMS

FURNITURE

DRAPERIES
WINDOW SHADES

Estimates Gladly Submitted

216-228 SUTTER STREET, SAN FRANCISCO
Phone: GArfield 2827

HONOR AWARDS AT SANTA BARBARA

The awards for the best examples of civic and
commercial architecture in Santa Barbara for the
last two years have been announced by the plans
and planting branch of the Santa Barbara Com-
munitv Arts Association.

Following are the awards for 1930 for "civic
architecture":

First award, Unitarian church, Santa Barbara
and Arrellaga Streets; E. Keith Lockard, archi-
tect. Special award, Santa Barbara Riding and
Hunt Club, Hope Ranch park, Reginald John-
son, architect.

For commercial architecture, first award was
given the distribution sub-station, 1 1 West Mis-
sion Street, of the Southern California Edison
company, Russel Ray. architect.

For 1931, civic architecture awards were as
follows:

First award, fire station, East Valley road,
Montecito, owned by Montecito Fire district, A.
Bertrand Harmer, designer.

Second award, Harding Primary School and
Kindergarten, Robbins Street, Winsor Soule, and
John Frederic Murphy, architects.

Honorable mention, street facade. Jefferson
School, Alameda Padre Serra, Floyd M. Brew-
ster, associated with John C. Austin, and Fred-
eric M. Ashley, architects.

In commercial architecture for 1931, first award
went to the Hollister Estate Office, 91 1 Chapala
Street, William A. Edwards, and J. J. Plunkett.
architects.

Honorable mention, Sansum Clinic. 317 W.
Pueblo Street, Dr. William D. Sansum, owner:
Carleton M. Winslow, architect; Santa Barbara
Clinic, remodeled, 1421 State Street; Knapp Fund,
owner; Carleton M. Winslow, architect: mass of
Fox Arlington Theater, 1317 State Street; Banks-
Huntley company, owner; William A. Edwards,
architect, and J. J. Plunkett: Figueroa Street fa-
cade of the Santa Barbara Mutual Building and
Loan Building, 1035 State Street, William A.
Edwards and J. J. Plunkett, architects.

In addition to the awards, the following build-
ings won mention in the report:

1930 — Lerner Shop, remodeled, 817 State
Street. F. M. Gehl, owner; Morgan. Walls &
Clements, architects.

1931— El Patio Cafe. 386 West Carillo Boule-
vard; N. F. Liatas. owner, Henry W. Howell,
architect; Huggins shop, 1311 State Street; W. G.
Griffiith, owner; William A. Edwards, and J. J.
Plunkett. architects.

The jury consisted of Ralph C. Flewelling of
Beverly Hills. William Templeton Johnson of San
Diego, and H. Roy Kelley of Los Angeles. In
their report they said:

The Architect and Engineer. March, 1932

"The jury feels that the creation of a Board
of Review, consisting of properly qualified mem-
bers, for the inspection of plans for commercial
buildings, especially, would do much to foster the
cause of good architecture in Santa Barbara, and
insure the continued advancement and perma-
nence of the high position the city already holds
among those communities possessing real archi-
tecture character.''

JOHN F. ATKINSON
John F. Atkinson, for more than thirty years
one of the leading building contractors of South-
ern California, died March 3 aboard the steamer
Orangi, while enroute from Sidney, Australia, to
Auckland, New Zealand. Death came suddenly
from heart disease, according to a cablegram re-
ceived by his son. Mr. Atkinson had in late
years made frequent trips abroad, visiting Europe
and South America and circling the globe. The
trip to the South Seas and Australia he had
planned as the culmination of his travels. He
was at one time president of the Associated Gen-
eral Contractors of America.

IN BUSINESS FOR HIMSELF
Henry A. Hoyt, formerly connected with the
Minton Company of Mountain View, is now en-
gaged in the building business under his own
name. Having had thirty years experience in all
branches of the building industry, Mr. Hoyt will
in the future not only handle general building
construction, but appraisals and quantity surveys.
as well as acting in the capacity of a construction
consultant. He will carry on his business at 662
Melville Avenue, Palo Alto. P. O. address. Box
815. Mr. Hoyt was at one time a member of the
editorial staff of The Architect and Engineer.

CONCRETE ASHLAR WALLS
"Concrete Ashlar Walls" is the title of a new
booklet describing a recently developed type of
oncrete masonry construction the chief claims of
which are that it is economical to build or decor-
ate and that it possesses excellent acoustical
qualities.

Illustrated in this 16-page booklet are resi-
dences, schools and other recently constructed
buildings in which concrete ashlar has been used
for both interior and exterior walls. There is a
discussion of color treatments and textures that
are possible with concrete ashlar as well as a page
showing interesting patterns which are suggested
for coursed or random ashlar.

"Concrete Ashlar Walls" may be obtained
without charge by requesting it from the Port-
land Cement Association, 33 West Grand Ave-
nue, Chicago, Illinois.

SISALKRAFT

"More than a building paper"

THE SISALKRAFT CO.

205 West Wacker Drive (Canal Station, Chicago, 111.)
5 5 New Montgomery Street, San Francisco, Calif.

OIL BURNERS

For use in Homes, Apartments, Commercial

and Industrial Buildings. Listed as standard

by Underwriters Laboratories.

Made and Guaranteed by

S. T. JOHNSON CO.

940-950 Arlington Street Oakland, California

c .. D , San Francisco, Sacramento, Stockton,

Factory Branches: gan ^^ Cahf ph.ladelphia, Pa.

ALSO DISTRIBUTORS OF FUEL OILS

Recent Contracts Completed —

FORD ASSEMBLY PLANTS AT

SEATTLE, LONG BEACH

AND RICHMOND

Clinton Construction Company

of California

Builders and Managers

of Construction

923 FOLSOM STREET SAN FRANCISCO

Telephone SUtter 3440

JMOL)-bJL\JN today... means
gas-equipped throughout

MODERN/"*1
QUICK \ *

The Architect and Engineer. March, 1932

Gladding Bros.

Mfg. Co.

BURNED CLAY PRODUCTS

ROOF TILE

COMMON AND FACE BRICK

FLOOR TILE

VITRIFIED SEWER PIPE

DRAIN TILE

CHIMNEY PIPE

FLUE LINING

TLANT AND OFFICE:

THIRD AND KEYES STREETS

Ballard 7570 San Jose, Calif.

Have You a atalog

Kewanee

TyfeC

637 Minna St., San Francisco, Calif.
Telephone MA rket 3612-3613

G. H. BROWN

Hardwood Co.

1044-1058 Forty-Seventh Avenue
Oakland, California

Telephone FRuitvale 8305 - 8306

DEFENDS FEDERAL
ARCHITECT

In an address before the Asso-
ciation of Federal Architects at
Washington, D. C February 18,
Ferry K. Heath, in charge of the
Supervising Architect's office, de-
fended the government's policy in
maintaining its own organization
to design and supervise the con-
struction of Federal buildings and
asserted that "if any of the bills
introduced in Congress to change
the established system of doing
Federal work are passed, it will
be regretted" and in a few
years time "there will be another
change."

Architects generally will be in-
terested in Assistant Secretary
Heath's reaction to arguments
which have been advanced in fa-
vor of the bills to which he refers
and his statements concerning the
Department's experiences in em-
ployment of private architects to
speed up Federal building con-
struction for relief of unemploy-
ment. His address is reported in
part by the U. S. Daily at Wash-
ington as follows:

"At this time of fiscal distortion
when the officials of the govern-
ment having the responsibility of
providing the revenue are hard
pressed and when every proposed
expenditure must be carefully
scrutinized and its necessity dem-
onstrated, I believe that the money
now being expended in the Fed-
eral construction program can be
defended from any point of view.

"The expansion of the Federal
construction program not only

Golden Gate
Atlas Materials Company

BUILDING PRODUCTS

16th and Harrison Streets

SAN FRANCISCO

Phone HE mlock 7020

CHAS. STOCKHOLM

Contractors

Russ Building, San Francisco
Phone DO uglas 4420

Del Monte
WHITE SAND

Fan Shell - Beach

WASHED IN FRESH WATER

DRIED BY STEAM

CLEAN : BONE DRY

Del Monte Properties Company

Phone SUtter 6130
101 Crocker Building San Franiclco

JOSEPH MUSTO

SONS-KEENAN

COMPANY

MARBLE

and

ONYX

535 NORTH POINT STREET

SAN FRANCISCO

1801 S. SOTO STREET

LOS ANGELES

MARBLE

AMERICAN MARBLE
COMPANY

Office

1508 Hobart Bldg.

San Francisco

Phone
MA rket 5070

Factory

Swift Ave. and

Ferry Slip

Waterfront

South San Francisco

Phone

DA venport 1091

Specify

DICKEY

CLAY
PRODUCTS

Dickey Maatertile Face Brick

Partition Tile Fire Brick

Drain Tile Paving Brick

Fireproofing Tile Wall Coping
Floor Tile
Roof Tile

i'lue Lining

Dickey Flashing Blocks

W. S. DICKEY CLAY MFG.
COMPANY

SAN FRANCISCO

Q»,

The Architect and Engineer, March. 1932

SP CAEN
»; STONE

ft^S A REFINED. ELEGANT,

^V^^ INTERIOR FINISH

A. KNOWLES

CONTRACTING
PLASTERER

982 BRYANT STREET
Phone: UNderhill 4048

CONCRETE
CONSTRUCTION

We Specialize in Difficult
Concrete Work

VILLADSEN BROS., INC.

Engineers and Contractors
417 Market Street San Francisco

We Print

The ARCHITECT and

ENGINEER

"A Thing of Beauty

Is a joy Forever"

942 HOWARD STREET

SAN FRANCISCO

provides a backlog to private
building industries which are prac-
tically at a standstill, but enables
the government to make available
urgently needed space for its ac-
tivities which are now occupying
leased quarters at an enormous
expense. It is also recognized that
the dollar expended on this class
of public works probably reaches
more sections of the country and
affords employment to a greater
population than any other form
of government expenditure.

"For 50 years the office of the
Supervising Architect of the
Treasury has been designing and
constructing Federal buildings and
has been operating them. At vari-
ous times there have been move-
ments to restrict the activities of
the Supervising Architect's office,
presumably in the interest of the
private architect and engineer.

"If there were no one but the
private architect and engineer to
be thought of, the wisdom of this
restriction might be apparent, but
in all Federal activities the public
good should be the first consider-
ation.

"If the powers of the Federal
government were being used in
actual competition with private
architects and engineers and the
Federal government 'was going
out after business in no way con-
nected with governmental activi-
ties, the charge that the govern-
ment was competing with the pri-
vate architect and engineer would
be true. The Supervising Archi-
tect's Office of the Treasury, how-
ever, is doing nothing except han-

ATTRACTIVE LIGHTING

BAKER & PRUSSIA

4042 BROADWAY OAKLAND. CALIF.

HUmboldt 6931

WALKER-WILKESON
SANDSTONE

Sawed Stone - Building Stone
Rip Rap

The Nation's Finest Stone

HOYT M. LESHER

California Representative

503 Market St., San Francisco

Telerhone: DOuglas 6436

Wilkeson. Wash.

Walker Cut Stone

Plant: Tacoma. Wash.

Kitchen Equipment

«smdL

Dining Room Service

Kitchen Ranges Sinks

Dish Washers Silver

Coif ee Urns Cutlery

Stands Hotel China

Steam Tables Hotel Glassware

Tile Contractors

Our Estimating Department Prepares
Plans and Specifications

Mangrum - Holbrook Company

Phone MA rket 2400
1235 Mission Street San Francisco

y^ hea±

Built-in heater for bath rooms,

breakfast nooks, dens and small

bedrooms.

WEIR ELECTRIC APPLIANCE CQ

26th and Adeline Streets, Oakland
ASSOCIATE WHOLESALE ELEC. CO.
1159 S. Los Angeles St., Los Angeles

RNAMENTAL Iron,
Ariston Steel Windows*
Bronze, Aluminum*
Ariston Steel Buildings

Michel & Pfeffer
Iron Works, Inc.

I Oth & Harrison Sts.

San Franeiseo
Tel. Ill nil... k 30B0

Grinnell Automatic
SPRINKLER

GRINNELL COMPANY

OF THE PACIFIC

ENGINEERS AND
CONTRACTORS

VALVES, PIPE and FITTINGS

CHEMICAL FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

and FIRE ENGINES

Fifth and Brannan Streets
San Francisco

The Architect and Engineer, March. 1932

Phone DOuglas 1120-1121

Larsen and Larsen

General Contractors

629 BRYANT STREET
SAN FRANCISCO

FORDERER
CORNICE WORKS

Copper Roofs

Galvanized Iron Work

Elevator Doors

269 Potrcro Avenue, San Francisco
Phone HEmlock 4100

Robert W. Hunt Company

ENGINEERS
Inspection - Tests - Consultation

Inspection and Tests of Structural
Steel, Reinforcing Steel
and Cement.
Field Inspection and Supervision
of Consruction of Steel and
Concrete Structures.
Cement. Concrete. Chemical, Met-
allurgical X-Ray and Physical
Laboratories.
Chicago - New York - Pittsburgh

All Large Cities
San Francisco, 251 Kearny Street

Chicago

HOSPITAL

SILENT CALL
SIGNAL SYSTEMS

GARNETT YOUNG AND CO.

Pacific Coast Sales Engineers
390 FOURTH ST. SAN FRANCISCO
Seattle Los Angeles Portland

dling the purely governmental
building activity.

"It is understandable, however,
that representatives of many of
the private architects of the coun-
try should do whatever they can
to restrict the activities of the Su-
pervising Architect. They believe
that by so doing they will help
some of their members and I think
the officials of the architects' or-
ganization are only doing their
duty in placing the cause of their
members before Congress.

There have been, however,
many loose statements made, not
only as to what the Supervising
Architect's office was doing, but
also as to the reasons why private
architects should be engaged
on Federal projects. Most of these
statements have originated in the
minds of men who either knew
absolutely nothing of the prob-
lems of Federal construction or
were actuated by the desire to
make a point.

"If it is advisable, even though
we are not competing with private
architects, to turn over all design
to architects outside of the Treas-
ury Department, it must be based
on advantages to the government
which is functioning for the bene-
fit of all the people of the country.

"It is easily demonstrated that
it is not cheaper to employ outside
architects. We know what we are
paying outside architects and we
know what it is costing us to do
exactly similar work, and we
know that the government is sav-
ing thousands of dollars in the
present building program by con-
ducting the work as we are doing
it.

"In the three years that I have
had knowledge of the Federal
building program I have failed to
find any instance where the lead-
ing architects in the various com-
munities of the country were do-
ing any better work than the
architects in the Supervising
Archtect's office. There have been
a few buildings designed that
were charming, but certainly the

Specify
Marshall & Stearns
Ad-A-Room Beds

Mechanical Excellence

Proven Quality

Dependable Comfort

PHELAN BLDG.. SAN FRANCISCO
DOuglas 0348

1410 MADISON STREET, OAKLAND
HIgate 4320

CRAN E

High Class Plumbing
Fixtures

All Principal Coast Cities

THE TORMEY
COMPANY

GENERAL PAINTERS
AND DECORATORS

Phone WA lnnt 3639

563 FULTON STREET
San Francisco

HATELEY &
HATELEY

PLUMBING
AND HEATING
CONTRACTORS

1710 TENTH STREET

Phone MAin 2478

SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA

The Architect and Engineer, March, 1932

Ocean Shore
Iron Works

550-558 EIGHTH STREET

MArket 0462 0463

San Francisco California

STEAM BOILERS
STEEL TANKS
SMOKE STACKS

• WATER •

• HEATERS •

LUXOR

WINDOW SHADES

Translucent Shading

o/ highest count

cambric

William Volker 8C Co.

631 Howard Street
San Francisco

CLERVI

MARBLE CO.

MANUFACTURING CONTRACTORS

Foreign and Domestic
Marbles

Interior 8C Exterior Buildings

Office & Mill, 1721 San Bruno Ave.

Phone MI Mian 6625
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.

average design submitted by the
architects we have employed — and
we have endeavored to engage
the leading firms in the profession
throughout the country — has not
in any way improved on the work
of our own office.

"The reason legislation was so
drawn that the Secretary of the
Treasury had increased powers to
employ outside architects was the
necessity for speed in design. The
administration believed that we
were entering a period of marked
depression which presented an
emergency which required a
change in our method. This
change was made.

"We have employed consider-
ably over 200 architects and they
have turned out their designs,
working drawings and specifica-
tions at varying degrees of speed,
but I believe there have been only
a few exceptional cases where the
speed has exceeded the normal
speed of our office, and many
cases where we could have pro-
duced equal results in very much
less time had we had the men to
grapple with the task.

"The argument that our office is
not familiar with local habits, and
customs, and materials, and cli-
mate does not hold water, al-
though there have undoubtedly
been mistakes made by our office
just as they are made in all pri-
vate architects' offices. And the
advantage to local material men
because of the employment of lo-
cal architects has been completely
dissipated in the results of the
present building program.

"My days are filled with com-
plaints from local producers of
materials that the local architect
we have employed is not specify-
ing the right material, and some of
the biggest battles we have fought
have been with local architects to
endeavor to induce them to be
reasonable about the local mate-
rial situation.

"So, altogether, in the light of
our actual experience, the many
advantages claimed by the advo-
cates of the various bills which
have been introduced in this Con-

SCHINDLER ©

228 13th Stre^f
Phone AVArkOt 0474
CABINET WORK V;|
COMPLETE INSTALLATIONS ■
STORE BANK & OFFICE

FIXTURES' # ill
HARDWOOD INTg^ORS^i

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Recent Contracts Completed

Library Building

Berkeley
Women's Club Building

Berkeley
City Hospital

Palo Alto
Masonic Home

Decoto

K. E. PARKER CO., INC.

135 South Park San Francisco

Phone KE arny 6640

Phone SUttar 1«14

Hunter & Hudson

Consulting Engineers

DESIGNERS OF HEATING

VENTILATING AND WIRING

SYSTEMS, MECHANICAL

AND ELECTRICAL EQUIP-

MENT OF BUILDINGS

GXS

41 SUTTER STREET

ROOM 718

San Francisco California

WEDGE NOTCH COLUMN CLAMPS

Rapidity, Economy
and Efficiency

ISTEELFOFk/MS

| FOR

Concrete Construction

STEELFORM
CONTRACTING CO.

^ San Francisco Los Angeles
Portland Seattle

STEEL, CONSTRUCTION TOWERS

The Architect and Engineer, March, 1932

McNEAR BRICK

FOR

Beauty and

Permanence

^dG°

McNear Brick Company

417 BERRY STREET

Phone MArket 2770 San Francisco

YOUN<3

HORiTMEYER

GENERAL
CONTRACTORS

461 Market Street

San Francisco

Phone SVttcr 6257—5$
Paul B. Young A. L. Horstmcyer

APEX

^ZELECTRIC^Z

HEATERS

It costs less to
install an APEX
Electric heater
in the bathroom
than to install a
hot air duct or
radiator. Heat is
available twenty-
four hours per
day and it quali-
fies for the low
heating rate.

Send for Architects' Catalogue

Bathroom Heaters in the Standard

Colors. 1000 to 2500 Watts

#12.50 to #35.00

APEX MANUFACTURING CO.

1501 Powell Street
Emeryville. Oakland. Calif.

Distributors

Sandoval Sales Co.

Phone KEarny 7010

."■57 Market Street

Apex Sales Co.
Phone MUlual 9141
Industrial Street
Angeles, Calif.

185

gress completely disappear. There
is no doubt there are advantages
to be obtained by our office's con-
tact with some of the outstanding
architects of this country.

"I have no doubt that in the
years ahead of us the results in
the employment of these outside
architects during this present
emergency will be felt in the de-
sign of future public buildings,
but. after considering all the grief
we have been through during the
last few years, I am perfectly cer-
tain that if the present law is
changed, it will be regretted and
in a few years' time there will be
another change, for I believe the
wisdom of the present method of
handling our construction prob-
lems has been proven by experi-
ence.

"It is possible that investigation
will demonstrate the wisdom of a
concentration of all government
construction under one head as is
being proposed in several bills
now pending that private business
would so organize its construction
activities and I am not referring
in any way to such a reorganiza-
tion of our public building works
when I say that a change in the
present law would bring disas-
trous consequences."

SMALL HOUSE PLANNING
University of California Exten-
sion Division announces a class in
"Planning the Small House." un-
der the direction of F. Edward
Morehead. chief designer for Her-
bert J. Mann of La Jolla.

The course will cover planning
the small house, design of the
small house, elementary color
scheme, knowledge of good con-
struction, and the ethics of the
building industry. There will be
illustrated lectures on the style of
architecture, the American home,
site, size, location, neighborhood,
sunlight, winds, outlook, require-
ments of family, etc. The field
work will consist of a trip to resi-
dences under construction and to
a completed house.

MULLEN MFG.
COMPANY

BANK, STORE AND OFFICE

FIXTURES— CABINET WORK

OF GUARANTEED QUALITY

CHURCH SEATING

Office and Factory:

64 RAUSCH ST., Bet. 7th and 8th Sts.

San Francisco

Telephone HE mlock 2858

G. P. W. Jensen & Son

Building Construction

320 Market Street, San Francisco
Phone 2444

GENERAL
ROOFING CO.

HAKKY HENNINGS

Office and Warehouse:

BEACH AND HALLECK STS.

OAKLAND. CALIF.

Member Builders Exchange
Telephone OLympic 5208

Fanclouvre

The Modern Ventilator

for

Hotels, Offices, Apartments

G%3

M. E. HAMMOND

Building Material Exhibit

557 Market St.

SUtter 5333 San Francisco, Calif.

The Architect and Engineer. March. 1932

SUNSET
LUMBER COMPANY

Registered Architectural
Woodwork

Pine and Redwood
Lumber

400 High Street, Oakland
Phone ANdover 1000

What architects and all who huild hav_
learned to expect from Quandt craftsmen:

"Co-operation for Quality"

Materials applied efficiently and expeditiously
by brush or spray application to achieve the
best result at the minimum cost to the owner.

A. Quandt & Sons

Painters and Decorators

Since 1865

374 Guerrero Street, San Francisco

Telephone MArket 1711

Quandt-quality is available for the small job
as well as she large. Pioneers and Special-
ists in the application oj Lacquer in the
architectural field. Complete decorative
color schemes designed and furnished.
, Advice for technical painting requirements
| iurnished. Our operations are SU

Phone DOuglas 2370

R. McLERAN
8C CO.

GENERAL
CONTRACTORS

HEARST BUILDING

San Francisco, Calif.

"American - Marsh*
PUMPS

"DAYTON"

^■BB^ *j)isi\at* Air Compressors

[jWfci^&t* "KEWANEE"

^^K^BHjr supply

&-' I ««W^ Systems

^^^' 2^ "AMES"

Vacuum He.titinw

SIM0NDSMACHINERYC0.

81 S Folsom Street 520 East 4th Street

San Francisco Los Angelea

Phone DO uglas 6794 Phone MU tuol 832

BILL NAMES SUBCON-
TRACTORS
A bill to require contractors in
submitting bids on Federal build-
ing projects to name their subcon-
tractors, material men and supply
men, now pending in Congress,
has aroused much discussion. Text
of the bill follows:

"The contracts in excess of
$5,000 in amount for the con-
struction, alteration, or repair of
any public building of the United
States or of the District of Co-
lumbia within the geographical
limits of the States of the Union
or the District of Columbia, shall
be awarded only to bidders whose
bids are accompanied by a state-
ment containing the names and
addresses of the subcontractors,
materialmen and supplymen whose
services the bidder intends to
utilize in the performance of the
work. Such contracts shall also
contain provisions for payment by
the contractor of liquidated dam-
ages for failure to utilize such sub-
contractors, materialmen, and sup-
plymen in the performance of the
work. Sums assessed or paid as
liquidated damages for such fail-
ure may be remitted or refunded
by the Supervising Architect of
the Treasury, but only in case it
is shown to his satisfaction that
substitution for a subcontractor,
materialman, or supplyman. as the
case may be, was justified by rea-
son of the inability or unwilling-
ness of such subcontractor, mate-
rialman, or supplyman, to furnish
the materials or supplies, or prop-
erly to perform the work as the
case may be.

"Section 2. No claim for the remission
or refund of liquidated damages shall be
granted under this Act unless application
therefor is filed within one year after the
liability of the contractor accrues. If any
such application for refund of any sum
paid as liquidated damages is denied, or
if no application for such refund is filed
within the period provided for filing ap-
plication under this section, such sum
shall be covered into the Treasury as
miscellaneous receipts.

"Section 3. This act shall take effect
thirty days after its passage but shall not
affect any contract then existing or any
contract that may thereafter be entered
into pursuant to invitations for bids that
are outstanding at the time of the pass-
age of this act."

T0MPKINS-KIEL
MARBLE COMPANY

505 Fifth Avenue
NEW YORK CITY

Monadnock Building
SAN FRANCISCO

Chester Williams Building
LOS ANGELES

INGOT V V/ IRON

AMERICAN ROLLING
MILL COMPANY

540 TENTH ST., SAN FRANCISCO
Phone MArket 3495

Office
Partitions

Reinhold sectional wood and
glass partitions (interchange-
able) may be adapted to any
modern office requirement in a
new or old building.

Complete Information File
sent on request

Pacific Mamufacturini
Company

High Class Interior Finish
Quality Millwork

Monadnock Bide., 641 Merrill Are.,
San Franciaco Los Angeles

GA rfield 7755 AX ridge 9011

1315 Seventh Street, Oakland
GL encourt 7850

The Architect and Engineer, March, 1932

Structural

Steel

Fabrication and Erection

Pacific Coast
Engineering Co.

Foot of 14th St., Oakland
HI gate 1322

McClintic-Marshall
Corporation

Subsidiary of
Bethlehem

Steel
Corporation

STEEL BRIDGES
and BUILDINGS

215 WEST SIXTH STREET
LOS ANGELES

2050 BRYANT STREET

SAN FRANCISCO

THE PALM

IRON & BRIDGE

WORKS

Structural Steel
Ornamental Ironwork

15th AND R STREETS
Sacramento, Cal.

Phone Main 322

Anderson & Ringrose

General Contractors

320 Market Street, San Francisco
Phone DO uglas 1373

W. H. PICARD, Inc.

PLUMBING, HEATING,

VENTILATING and

POWER PLANTS

5656 College Avenue

5662 Keith Avenue

Oakland California

Phones PI edmont 9004-9005

G.W.Williams Co.,Ltd.

BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS

315 Primrose Road
Burlingame

Phone: Burlingame 6300

LEATHER-STEEL

RUBBER-COCOA

WOOD

Mats and Mattings

Manufactured and Installed by

LEATHER
MAT MFG. CO., Inc.

340 Sansome St.

San Francisco

Good Buildings Deserve
Good Hardware

larket atreet

SUtter 6063

RAY COOK
MARBLE CO,

IMPORTED AND DOMESTIC
MARBLES

For Building Construction

Factory and Office:

FOOT OF POWELL ST., OAKLAND

Phone Piedmont 1009

102

D1NWIDDIE
CONSTRUCTION

Builders of the Russ Build-
ing and Hartford Insurance
Building, San Francisco ; Life
Science Building, University
of California, Berkeley; Cen-
tral Bank Building, Oakland;
Glidden Factory, Berkeley.

CROCKER BUILDING
SAN FRANCISCO

Pine and Redwood
Lumber

Creo-Dipt Stained Shingles

A. J. Russell, Mgr.

>vi 1 6 California St.
/^jy San Francisco.
fc Calif.

MacDonald & Kahn

General
Contractors

€*%3

Financial Center Bldg.

405 Montgomery St.

San Francilco

The Architect and Engineer, March, 193Z

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