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NOT  TO  BE  TAKEN  FROM  THE  LIBRARY 

Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2010  with  funding  from 

San  Francisco  Public  Library 


http://www.archive.org/details/architectenginee11734sanf 


THE 
<4rMD 

EnCINEER 


APRIL  1934 


...tI 


is  Issue. . . 

■  ■  ■ 

Landscape  Planning  for  Industrial  and  Institutional  Projects 

■  ■    ■ 

The  Architect  as  Pictured  by  the  After-Dinner  Speaker 

■  ■    ■ 

A  Modern  Adobe  House  by  Hardman  8C  Russ,  Architects 

■  ■    ■ 
Protective  Coatings  for  Metal  Work 

■  ■    ■ 

Drastic  Steps  Needed  to  Check  Spread  of  Termite 


■    ■ 


Problems  of  California  School  Construction  Act  Discussed 
by  Engineer 


THERE   IS   NO  SUBSTITUTE 
FOR   OUALITY 


Those  who  pride  themselves  upon 
having  nothing  but  the  best  equip- 
ment in  their  buildings  inevitably 
select  Otis  elevators.  The  difference 
in  price  between  the  best  and  the 
poorest  is  not  large.  But  the  differ- 
ence in  length  of  life,  up-keep  costs 
and  satisfaction  may  be  vast. 

Each  Otis  elevator  is  custom  built 
to  meet  the  transportation  needs  of  a 
building.  Piece  by  piece,  it  is  com- 
pletely manufactured  and  assembled 
within  the  Otis  plants  and  installed 
in  the  building  by  trained  elevator 
mechanics.  From  blueprint  to  install- 
ation Otis  is  able  to  carry  out  its  high 
aim  of  giving  the  safest,  most  com- 


fortable and  most  dependable  ele- 
vator service  over  a  long  period. 

Efficiency,  economy,  even  life  itself 
in  an  emergency,  may  depend  upon 
the  elevator  installation.  Those  in 
control  of  new  building  plans  must 
accept  this  responsibility.  Those  in 
charge  of  existing  buildings  face  it 
every  day. 

Otis  can  help  both  to  discharge 
these  obligations.  Expert  engineers 
are  available  to  assist  with  plans  and 
specifications  for  new  structures. 
They  also  will  conduct  moderniza- 
tion surveys  and  render  dependable 
reports  on  the  condition  of  existing 
equipment.  These  services  and  ad- 
vice are  entirely  free. 


OTIS    ELEVATOR    COMPANY 


Offices    in    the    principal    cities    of    the    world 


CATHEDRAL  APARTMENTS,  SAN  FRANCISCO 

Architects,  Weeks  &  Day  :  Gen.  Contractors,  Cahill  Bros. 


Gas  is  unsurpassed  in  "recoverable" 
(effective,  usable)  BTU's*  per  dollar  of  cost, 
for  practically  every  known  heat  requirement. 


*BTU  (British  Thermal  t/K/V;— Standard  of  heat 
measurement.  Heat  required  to  raise  temperature 
of   one   pound    of   water,    one   degree    Fahrenheit. 


the  modern  Juel 


PACIFIC  COAST  GAS  ASSOCIATION,  INC. 

/  A  >ion-l>rofit  sen'ke  organization  of\ 
\  which  your  Gas  Company  is  a  member  ) 

447  SUTTER  STREET,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CALIF. 


SUBSTANTIAL 


SAVINGS 


Gas  Heating  gives  perfect  satisfaction  to  management 
and  tenants  in  tliis  de  luxe  hotel -apartment  building 
(one  of  San  Francisco's  finest)  atop  exclusive  Nob  Hill, 
Two  and  one-half  years'  experience  with  gas  is  summed 
up  by  Mr.  C.  W.  Gaskell,  Resident  Manager: 

"Substantial  savings  have  resulted  from  the  change  to 
gas  .  .  .  including  a  cleaner  building  .  .  .  decreased  main- 
tenance costs  .  .  .  longer  life  for  drapes,  carpets,  fur- 
nishings ...  a  finer  residence  for  our  tenants. 
■'Also,  automatic  regulation  enables  our  engineer  to 
give  virtually  undivided  attention  to  the  apartments, 
rathet  than  to  the  engine  room.  In  our  experience,  gas 
is  the  ideal  fuel." 

In  specifying  modern  gas  equipment,  properly  in- 
stalled, you  insure  this  same  lasting  satisfaction.  Your 
(^as  company  gladly  ofifers  the  services  of  its  technical 
staff  for  consultation. 


HEATING  PLANT:  2  steel  boilers,  tilth  leitnally-fiied  g.t>  biiniei^,  auto- 
matically controlled,  furnishing  steam  and  hot  uatei  foi  the  tiilnt  building. 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  April,  1934 


Thumb  Tacks  and  T- Square 


TODAY  not  more  than  25 
per  cent  of  our  families  own  their 
homes.  Yet  the  stability  of  the 
American  government  will  always 
be  in  direct  proportion  to  the  num- 
ber of  occupied  owned  homes. 

For  a  number  of  years,  the 
trend  has  been  away  from  home 
ownership,  due  to  developments  in 
communication,  transportation, 
financing,  etc.,  that  changed  our 
perspective  on  living. 

Those  who  have  been  respons- 
ible for  this  change  in  public 
thought  must  now,  in  turn,  change 
their  own  attitude.  Government 
officials  and  industrial  and  profes- 
sional leaders  must  unite  to  cre- 
ate an  incentive  for  people  to  own 
homes. 

■       ■       ■ 

WHEN    the    building    in- 
dustry gets  under  way  again  then, 
and  not  until  then,  will  the  coun- 
try show  real  signs  of  recupera- 
tion.  Steps  are  being  taken  to  per- 
suade the  government  to  arrange 
for  small  loans  to  property  own- 
ers   to    modernize    their    homes, 
apartments,  office  and  store  build- 
ings.  This  would  do  more  to  start 
the  building   industry  on   its  way 
than  any  other  movement  we  can 
think  of.    The  loans  need  not  be 
large.    Advances  of  from  $200  to 
$500     with     ten     years     to     pay 
at  4   per   cent   would   enable    the 
home  owner  to  paint  his  house,  re- 
vamp  the  plumbing,  build  a  new 
roof  and  provide  numerous  other 
needed   improvements   that  would 
make    his    property   livable,    rent- 
able, salable  and  taxable.    Think 
of  the  different  channels  this  re- 
pair money  would  reach — the  car- 
penter, the  painter,  the  plasterer, 
the    plumber,    the    electrician,    the 
roofer  and  so  on.    Many  of  these 
men  are  now  subjects  of  charity. 
Many  of  the  supply  houses  are  on 
the  verge  of   bankruptcy.    Think 
what     the     expenditure     of     this 
money  would  do  for  them.    Every 


SPARKS      OF 
HUMAN    INTEREST 

By  Chester  P.  Ninekirk 


HE   rotunda   balcony   of   the   City 
of  Paris  Department  Store  in  San 

B    Francisco  recently  held  one  of  the 

finest  exhibitions  of  CaUfornia  Home 
Architecture  that  seventy-two  competing 
architects  could  produce.  Artistically  and 
cleverly  arranged  drawings  in  perspec- 
tive appeared  real  and  attractive. 

In  one  location  the  delicate  shadings  in 
pastels,  on  another  wall  the  flaming  col- 
ors of  a  Western  sunset,  made  an  appeal 
that  gripped  one  and  gloriously  express- 
ed the  feelings  of  its  creator  with  a  new 
and  unique  perception  of  beauty. 

So  that  none  of  the  thousands  of  visi- 
tors might  experience  any  difficulty  in 
visualizing  the  completed  plans,  winning 
designs  were  beautifully  reproduced  in 
miniature  models,  even  to  the  landscap- 
ing. ^       ^        ^ 

Standing  amid  this  display  of  creative 
art.  we  could  visualize  in  picture,  the 
traditions  and  provincial  styles  of  ages 
old  and  their  beautiful  adaptations  to 
modern  expression.  But  there  was  a 
human  interest  here  from  which  our  at- 
tention could  not  be  released.  It  was  the 
inner  spirit,  the  indominable  will  of  these 
men.  who  possess  that  unwavering  cour- 
age to  wage  their  battle  against  the  al- 
most overwhelming  odds  which  threaten 
to  destroy  them.  It  is  something  beyond 
comprehension  just  how  these  men  can 
still  control  their  faculties  for  creative 
production  at  a  time  when  the  building 
of  homes  is  comparatively  not  being  done. 

Nevertheless,  new  clouds  are  forming 
on  the  horizon  of  American  business. 
One  of  the  greatest  industries  in  the 
United  States  is  about  to  move  ahead 
again.  Slowly  but  surely,  gathering 
power,  it  will  contribute  employment  and 
new  vigor  to  the  many  who  receive  their 
very  life's  blood  from  the  building  of 
American  homes. 


town  and  hamlet  would  feel  the 
benefit.  Factories  would  resume 
the  manufacture  of  materials  and 
in  a  very  short  time  millions  of 
people  dependent  upon  building 
activity,  would  be  back  to  work, 
earning  and  spending.  As  one  San 
Francisco  business  man  put  it: 

"Instead  of  handing  men  picks 
and  shovels  and  getting  nothing 
back  from  the  money  expended, 
the  Federal  Government  might 
far    better    lend    the    owners    of 


homes  and  income  property  low- 
interest  money  to  put  their  houses 
in  order.  Workmen  would  get 
jobs  for  which  they  are  better  suit- 
ed and  the  Government  would 
eventually  get  its  money  back." 

The  Disabled  Veterans  of  the 
World  war  and  other  organiza- 
tions are  behind  the  plan.  More 
power  to  them! 

■       ■       ■ 

SPLENDID  work  is  being 
done  by  the  Architects'  Advisory 
Committee,  representing  Northern 
and  Southern  California  architec- 
tural interests,  in  a  co  -  operative 
move  with  the  California  State 
Division  of  Architecture,  in  secur- 
ing an  interpretation  and  enforce- 
ment of  new  laws  dealing  with  the 
construction  of  school  buildings. 
The  committee  is  composed  of 
W.  G.  Corlett.  chairman;  D.  A. 
Reidy,  W.  Steilberg,  C.  F.  B. 
Roeth,  W.  Richards,  }.  F.  Mur- 
phy, R.  C.  Mitchell  and  M.  Hunt. 
Meetings  have  been  held  in  Sac- 
ramento, San  Francisco  and  Los 
Angeles.  On  Feb.  2  the  entire 
committee  met  with  the  Engineers' 
Advisory  Committee  and  Messrs. 
McDougall,  Kromer,  Johnson, 
Bolin  and  Stafford  of  the  State 
Division,  These  meetings  are  ex- 
pected to  result  in  revision  and 
modification  of  Appendices  A 
and  B  of  the  School  Construction 
Code,  C.  H.  Kromer,  Chief  Engi- 
neer of  the  Division,  has  asked  the 
help  of  this  committee  in  prepar- 
ing what  will  eventually  be  a  State 
School  Code.  Within  two  months 
a  complete  report  will  be  submit- 
ted in  printed  form,  to  include  de- 
sign data  and  information  as  to 
rulings,  etc.,  affecting  school  de- 
sign and  construction.  The  State 
Advisory  Commitee  has  served 
the  Association  well  and  has  rep- 
resented and  guarded  the  interests 
of  the  profession  in  a  most  cred- 
itable manner. 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  April,  1934 


VOLUME  117 
NUMBER  1 


THE 

ARCHITECT 

AND  ENGINEER 


7(  12.0.S^ 
385785 


APRIL 
1934 


FREDERICK  W.  JONES,  Editor 

EDGAR  N.  KIERULFF, 
Advertising  Manager 

Contributing  Editors 
CLARENCE  R.  WARD,  San  Francisco 
CARLETON  MONROE  WINSLOW, 

Los  Angeles 
HAROLD  W.  DOTY,  Portland,  Ore. 
CHAS.  H.  ALDEN,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Consulting  and  Advisory  Editors 
LEWIS  P.  HOBART 
TIMOTHY  L.  PFLUEGER 
ELMER  GREY 
CLARENCE  A.  TANTAU 
WM.  L.  WOOLLETT 
W.  C.  HAYS 
JOHN  BAKEWELL,  JR. 
EDWIN  L.  SNYDER 
THOMAS  J.  KENT 
ALBERT  F.  ROLLER 
J.  STEWART  FAIRWEATHER 
JOHN  W.  GREGG 

RALPH  D.  CORNELL 

HORACE  G.  COTTON 

W.  ADRIAN 

JULIAN  C.  MESIC 

H.  J.  BRUNNIER 

L.  H.  NISHKIAN 


^his  ^ssue 


DETAIL   OF   FACADE.   U.\l\  ERSITY   OF   HAWAII.    HONOLULU,  T.H. 

TEXT 

THE  LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECT  IN  INSTITUTIONAL  PLANNING 
Geo  D.  Hall,  Landscape  .Architect 
THE  ARCHITECT  AT  THE  DINNER  TABLE 
Reginald  Tumor.  B.A. 
\   MODERN   ADOBE  HOUSE 

B.  Rccde  Hardman.  Architect 

PROTECTIVE   COATINGS   FOR   METAL  WORK 

£.  A.  Hurst 

TERMITES  AND   TERMITE   CON"TR0L 

A.  A.  Broum,  Consulting  Engineer  ^r,-,^r-a 

PROGRESS  WORK  ON  THE   GOLDEN   GATE   BMDGE 

AN  ORNAMENTAL  DESIGN  FOR  A  VERTICAL  LIFT  BRIDGE 

DESIGN  'ot'aRTHQUAKE  RESISTIVE   CONSTRUCTION 

C.  H.  Kramer.  C.E. 

WITH  THE   ARCHITECTS 
CHAPTER  .\ND   CLUB   MEETINGS 
ARCHITECTURAL    PUBLICITY 
B.  C.  Creenhard 


PLATES  AND  ILLUSTRATIONS 


21-42 
45-47 


C\MPUS  PLAN.   UNIVERSITY  OF  HAW'AII 
Cook  Hall  &  Cornell.  Landscape  Architects 
GATE  STUDY,   UNIVERSITY   OF  HAWAII 
Webber  and  Spaitlding.  .Architects 

PLAN   FOR  Ma/nQU.ADRANGLE,   POMONA  COLLEGE,  CLAREMONT 
^gTrdIn  ^^M^^^A^rKGr'cLA^EMONT,   CALIFORNIA 
^;tw^00D\'0URT'ptr0^-A  ALLEGE,   CLAREMONT,  CALIFORNIA 
LANDScTpE   PLAN.   FULLERTON   UNION  HIGH   SCHOOL  AND 

snuTH^FRN^'^CALITORMA    EDISON    STEAM    PLANT,    LONG    BEACH 
fuT™iOB^LE   CLUB   OF  SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA,  LOS  ANGELES 

PLtN  "a^DObThOUSE  for  HARRY  HINDMAN,  LAFAYETTE, 
CALIFORNIA 

'^;^^^^^'^^0.^   HOUSE    FOR   H..RRY   HINDMAN, 

LAFAYETTE 
Hardman  &  Riiss,  Architects 
\DOBE   HOUSE   FOR  HARRY  HINDMAN,   LAFAYETTE 

?ROGREfs''H^r'uRE"ADOBE   HOUSE   FOR  HARRY   HINDMAN, 

.DOBE^HOUSE?OR  HARRY  HINDMAN,  LAFAYETTE,   CALIFORNIA 
Hardman  &  Russ,  Architects  ^,^„ 

PHOTOS   AND    DRAWINGS   OF   TERMITE   ACTIVITIES 
■      PROGRESS  PICTURES  OF  GOLDEN  G.\TE  BRIDGE 
DESIGN  FOR  VERTICAL  LIFT  BRIDGE 
Joseph  B.Strauss.  C.E. 


Published  monthly  by  THE  ARCHITECT  AND  EXGINEER,  INC. 
621  Foxcroft  Building.  San  Francisco.  California 

.  .  M  FRED'K  W  JONES  Vice-President  L.  B.  PENHORWOOD,  Secretary 

W  J   L  KIERVLFF,  President  and  Manager  FRED  K.  W.  JU.ne-3,  i- 

.v™  York  Representative-'^.  Spencer  Young  Company.  299  Madison  Ave.,  New  York  C.y 

■     1     ,  „„    «    hn     Canada   and   foreign  countries,   $6.00  a  year. 
Subscr.pt.ons-VnM   S.a.es   and    Pan-American,    $4.00   a  year;   ..ngle   copy,   $  .60.     Canada 


UNIVERSITY  OF  HAWAII,  HONOLULU,  T.H. 

This  portico  of  the  Library  Building,  one  of  the  older  buildings  on  the  campus,  is  well  framed 
by  the  royal  palms  that  create  an  exotic  air  of  tropical  luxuriance  to  the  picture.  This  planting 
already  existed  when  the  present  plan  studies  were  made. 


THE 

ARCHITECT 

AND  ENGINEER 


APRIL  1934 
VOLUME  117 
NUMBER  ONE 


THE  LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECT  IN  INSTITUTIONAL 
PLANNING 


A^ 


^S  one  relief  for  the 
unemployment   problems   of    recent   years, 
the  United  States  Government  has  made 
appropriations     and 
launched  a  wave  of 
national    building 
that  follows  closely 
upon  an  earlier  wave 
launched  by   states, 
counties  and  munic- 
ipalities in  the  erec- 
tion of  many  public 
buildings    and    civic 
undertakings.    Prior 
to  these  great  public 
expenditures      there 
existed     a     pressing 
need    for  increasing 
facilities     of      plant 
and  physical  equip- 
ment in  our  schools 
throughout     the 
country,    to   provide 
for  the  ever  increas- 
ing number  of   stu- 


by 

GEO.  D.  HALL,  Landscape  Architect 

dents  seeking  education  in  public  institu- 
tions. Literally,  billions  in  public  moneys 
have  been  spent  on  public  structures 
throughout  an  era  of  expansion  such  as  this 
nation  has  never  before  known,  resulting  in 
a  vast  number  of 
new  or  enlarged 
Federal  buildings, 
state  buildings, 
county  buildings, 
city  halls,  civic  cen- 
t  e  r  s,  universities, 
colleges  and  school 
groups — all  built  at 
a  n  unprecedented 
rate. 

In  analyzing  this 
I  expansion  of  public 
work  during  the  past 
decade,  it  is  the  in- 
tention of  this  article 
to  discuss  the  pro- 
visions for  planning 
and  construction  in 
the  programs  as  is- 
sued by  the  Treas- 
ury   Department    in 


UNIVERSITY  OF  HAWAII,  HONOLULU,  T.H. 
This  general  plan  of  the  campus  was  designed  to  serve  as  a 
guide  in  the  building  expansion  of  the  University.  Although 
the  suggested  plans  for  proposed  buildings  are  purely  imag- 
inary and  unlikely,  in  actual  shape  and  size,  their  locations 
are  very  real  and  are  to  be  used  as  a  guide  in  future  build- 
ing growth. 


^    11    ► 


UNIVERSITY  OF  HAWAII,  HONOLULU,  T.H. 

A  gate  study  for  the  main  entrance  approach  to  the  campus,  prepared  by  the  architects,  Web- 
ber and  Spaulding,  in  conjunction  with  Cool;,  Hall  &  Cornell.  An  oriental  suggestion  to  this 
design  has  seemed  fitting  for  a  land  known  as  the  Gateway  to  the  Pacific. 


<Z,^jI 


M, 


g,  ^a/y  <■'•- 


TERRITORIAL   NORMAL   SCHOOL,    HONOLULU,   T.H. 

The  Regents  of  this  institution  have  been  wise  in  the  realization  of  the  value  of  proper  plan- 
ning and  group  arrangement.  Although  but  one  building  of  the  group  was  erected,  at  the  time 
landscape  plans  were  prepared,  the  campus  has  been  planned  in  its  larger  aspects. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER       ^      12     ^       APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


carrying  out  Federal  projects,  and  by  the 
various  official  authorities  of  states,  coun- 
ties or  cities  in  carrying  out  public  institu- 
tional developments.  Any  analysis  of  what 
has  taken  place,  in  the  consummation  of 
projects  calling  for  architectural  and  land- 
scape architectural  skill  and  judgment, 
clearly  proves  that  success  and  economic 
values  depend  upon  having  well  co-ordinat- 
ed plans  and  specifications  jointly  worked 
out  by  experienced  architects  and  compe- 
tent landscape  architects,  under  whose  sup- 
ervision the  plans  should  be  carried  for- 
ward. 

Foresight  and  clear  understanding  of 
the  economic  worth  of  well  co-ordinated 
planning  has  too  often  been  conspicuous 
by  its  absence,  and  improvement  can  be  ex- 
pected only  as  public  officials  responsible 
for  drawing  up  building  programs,  come  to 
realize  the  truth  that  scientific  planning  and 
specialized  knowledge  are  a  real  economy 
toward  the  proper  grouping  of  buildings 
with  landscape  setting  and  in  the  landscape 
development  of  the  site  itself. 

In  presenting  the  subject  it  seems  advis- 
able to  discuss  first  the  school  building  pro- 
gram, although  the  fundamental  principles 
of  landscape  design  and  the  need  for  well 
co-ordinated  plans  would  apply  with  equal 
force  to  hospital  groups,  civic  centers  or 
other  institutions. 

California,  justly  famed  for  her  many 
fine  schools,  has  carried  out  a  tremendous 
program  during  the  past  two  decades,  to 
meet  the  need  for  expansion.  That  profes- 
sional architects  have  appreciated  this  un- 
usual opportunity  and,  when  given  a  free 
hand,  have  designed  school  buildings  with 
originality  of  conception,  courage  and  good 
taste  is  apparent:  and  yet  with  all  the  fine 
buildings,  erected  at  great  expense,  it  must 
be  recognized  that  the  group  arrangement 
and  landscape  settings  of  the  buildings 
have  often  left  much  to  be  desired. 


A  closer  inspection  of  individual  sites 
frequently  shows  the  lack  of  scientific  plan- 
ning of  the  site  necessary  properly  to  co- 
ordinate the  various  elements  and  factors 
in  the  composition,  with  results  that  are 
often  detrimental  to  the  best  functioning  of 
the  institution.  It  is  evident  that  such  insti- 
tutional planning,  although  profiting  by  the 
employment  of  skilled  architects,  has  failed 
to  reach  its  highest  expression  because  of 
inferior  landscape  development  of  the  site 
and  of  planting  details. 

Let  us  consider  this  situation  of  fine  arch- 
itecture so  frequently  combined  with  medi- 
ocre landscape  architecture  in  institutional 
planning,  in  the  hope  that  some  explana- 
tion may  be  found.  Surely  the  profession 
of  landscape  architecture  has  been  more 
than  eager  to  undertake  government  work 
in  order  that  the  best  expression  of  land- 
scape art  may  be  recognized  in  the  fulfill- 
ment of  public  building  projects.  If,  as  a 
profession,  the  landscape  architects  have 
failed  to  give  a  good  account  of  themselves 
in  this  vast  activity  of  public  building  proj- 
ects, the  answer  can  only  lie  in  the  lack 
of  opportunity  and  in  the  failure  of  govern- 
ment officials  to  recognize  the  need  o[  ex- 
pert advice  in  landscape  planning  as  a  co- 
ordinating [actor  to  architectural  planning. 
An  examination  of  the  original  set-ups 
on  governmental  programs  brings  out  some 
pertinent  facts  that  affect  the  professional 
practice  of  both  architects  and  landscape 
architects.  First,  it  should  be  noted  that 
official  appropriations  or  budgets  for  gov- 
ernmental projects  very  seldom  provide  for 
the  employment  of  professional  landscape 
architects  as  designers  or  advisors  in  plan- 
ning, even  for  those  projects  particularly 
requiring  the  specialized  knowledge  of  the 
trained  landscape  architect.  It  should  also 
be  noted  that  comprehensive  planning  of 
sites, — to  ensure  good  building  group  ar- 
rangement and  a  carefully  studied  scheme 
for  drives,  paths,  planting  and  other  fac- 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    13    ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


^ 

-% 


^  ^    ,  a»  ,#  *  _ 

t»  Jk  It  it-  ■*  *  "^^    ^-^    d  '     ~      '" 


i»      J 


H#  *^ 


It- 


.      ;       Ralph  D.  Coknell  o'  jHtODoiiC  PAYHt 


POMONA  COLLEGE.  CLAREMONT.  CALIFORNIA 

This  plan  for  the  main  quadrangle  and  grouping  of  buildings  about  the  quadrangle,  was  Pre- 
pared ten  years  ago  and  has  served  as  a  general  guide  in  subsequent  development  While 
changes  of  detail  are  bound  to  occur,  such  a  plan  serves  as  a  base  map  and  sense  ot  direction 
in  all  expansion  that  may  follow. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


-^    14    ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


tors  entering  into  the  landscape  composi- 
tion,— is  seldom  if  ever  considered  a  matter 
of  such  economic  importance  as  to  warrant 
the  expense  of  being  well  advised. 

Architects  of  recognized  ability  whose 
remuneration  is  usually  provided  for  in  the 
official  budgets,  are  frequently  consulted 
as  to  the  location  of  the  particular  building 
contemplated  and  are  permitted  free  rein 


the  common  practice  has  been  to  call  for 
landscape  construction  bids  without  having 
designs,  care[ully  prepared  plans  or  specie 
fjcations  upon  which  to  bid.  The  result  has 
been  that  each  contractor  specifies  what 
he  thinks  should  be  done  in  as  definite  or 
as  vague  a  way  as  he  sees  fit,  and  states 
his  charge  for  carrying  out  his  own  plans. 
No  two  bid^  are  comparable  under  such 


POMONA  COLLEGE.  CLAREMONT,  CALIFORNIA 

View  of  an  enclosed  garden  looking  toward  Mt.  San  Antonio  in  the  distance.  This  grand 
old  mountain,  framed  into  the  picture,  has  been  brought  into  many  a  garden  and  campus  scene 
of  the  vicinity.  Webber  and  Spaulding  are  architects  for  the  wall  fountain.  Ralph  D.  Cornell, 
now  of  Cook.  Hall  6  Cornell,  designed  the  garden. 


for  taste  and  judgment  within  the  limits 
placed  by  the  finances  of  the  program. 
Once  the  building  has  been  designed  by  the 
architects  and  approved,  construction  de- 
tails and  specifications  are  drawn  and  the 
work  carried  out  under  rigid  supervision. 
But  not  so  the  ground  planning  and  land- 
scape development.  In  probably  more  than 
ninety  percent  of  school  and  institutional 
development,  as  well  as  Federal  projects, 


conditions,  since  they  necessarily  vary  with 
each  individual  conception,  —  and  all  too 
frequently  the  proposals  and  conceptions 
are  those  of  landscape  contractors  with 
very  limited  experience  in  the  art  of  land- 
scape design.  Meritorious  designs  are  sel- 
dom accepted  since  the  governmental  stip- 
ulations generally  provide  that  the  lowest 
bidder  shall  be  employed  to  do  the  work. 
Need  one  ask  if  such  method  of  procedure 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    15    ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


POMONA  COLLEGE,  CLAREMONT,  CALIFORNIA 

A  view  of  Harwood  Court  as  seen  from  the  patio  of  Bridges  HalK  Ttiese  cypress  trees  were 
Wanted  about  fifteen  years  ago.  by  Ralph  Cornell,  amieson  and  Spearl  are  architects  for  the 
buildfngtThecentery  while  Myron  Hunt  designed  Bridges  Hall,  wings  of  which  show  in  the 
foreground. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      16     ^       APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


TriLLEiiM  XUmi  AiGii  School  sIJw^o'^uxgz 


FULLERTON  UNION  HIGH  SCHOOL  &  JUNIOR  COLLEGE, 
FULLERTON,  CALIFORNIA 

This  plan  illustrates  the  method  of  preparing  landscape  planting  plans.  This  entire  plan  was 
prepared  in  advance  of  any  planting,  and  the  landscape  work  extended  over  a  period  of  suc- 
ceeding years  as  funds  and  budgeting  permitted.  Thus,  every  walk  and  detail  and  plant  and 
flower  went  into  its  right  and  proper  place, — each  step  contributing  toward  the  ultimate  design. 


is  intelligent,  economical  or  wise  in  the  ex- 
penditure of  public  money,  and  need  one 
seek  further  to  find  the  reason  why  profes- 
sional landscape  architects  in  independent 
practice,  whose  professional  ethics  forbid 
any  commercial  profit  on  materials,  are  sel- 
dom employed  on  public  work? 
*        *        * 

In  the  photographs  of  plans,  perspectives 
and  views  of  institutions,  used  to  illustrate 
this  article,  the  projects  shown  have  gen- 
erally been  financed  through  private  capital 
controlled  by  individuals  or  committees 
who  have  recognized  the  economic  value 


of  comprehensive  site  planning  in  advance 
of  building  operations.  This  is  not  true, 
however,  of  all  illustrations  presented.  As 
landscape  architects*  we  have  been  called 
upon  to  consult,  advise  and  prepare  de- 
signs and  plans  for  committees  in  charge 
of  contemplated  projects,  frequently  be- 
fore the  selection  of  a  building  architect. 
Invariably  our  firm  has  urged  the  early  se- 
lection of  the  architect  who  would  be  em- 
ployed to  design  the  buildings,  in  order  that 
he  might  enter  fully  into  all  discussions  of 
the    general    landscape    development,    in 


•Cook,  Hall  &  Cornell. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


17 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA  EDISON  STEAM  PLANT, 
LONG  BEACH,  CALIFORNIA 

This  organization,  spending  millions  of  dollars  on  its  physical  plant  and  equipment,  has  real- 
ized the  value  of  beauty  and  landscape  setting  for  its  buildings.  Situated  on  the  beach  front, 
with  nothing  but  dredged-in  fill  for  soil,  many  carloads  of  garden  loam  were  hauled  in  to  serve 
as  a  base  for  planting. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^     18   ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


AUTOMOBILE  CLUB  OF   SOUTHERN   CALIFORNIA,   LOS   ANGELES 

This  perspecti\e  sketch  illustrates  the  development  of  a  large  patio  recently  completed  in  club 
headquarters  at  Los  Angeles.  It  is  truly  a  patio  in  that  it  is  completely  enclosed  by  buildings. 
It  provides  parking  space  for  many  automobiles  and  has  been  designed  and  landscaped  with 
this  use  in  mind.    Roland  Coate  is  the  architect  of  the  buildings. 


which  each  building  should  play  its  dis- 
tinctive part  as  a  contributing  factor  in  the 
general  composition. 

In  those  institutional  developments  where 
committees  have  benefitted  through  the  full- 
est exchange  of  ideas  and  knowledge  of  the 
ground  planning  and  building  require- 
ments, expressed  by  competent  architects 
and  landscape  architects  working  together, 
success  has  resulted  in  full  measure.  The 
finest  examples  of  public  work  and  insti- 
tutional development  are  the  result  of  the 
inspiration  and  well  guided  judgment  of 
committees  working  in  conjunction  with 
their  architects  and  landscape  architects, 
in  the  preparation  of  comprehensive  plans 


for  the  development  of  the  grounds.  Such 
planning  considers  the  location  and  char- 
acter of  buildings  as  well  as  all  other  fac- 
tors which  constitute  functional  parts  of 
a  well  correlated  plan. 

It  is  only  by  a  sympathetic  understand- 
ing and  helpful  cooperation  between  the 
sister  professions  of  architecture  and  land- 
scape architecture,  that  the  high  aims,  the 
purpose  and  the  art  of  each  profession  may 
best  express  itself  in  public  projects  of  any 
nature.  May  the  future  development  of  the 
United  States  make  it  possible  for  the  two 
professions  to  work  in  close  conjunction  in 
the  erection  of  magnificent  building  groups 
in  beautiful  landscape  settings. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^      19     ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      20     ^       APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


THE  ARCHITECT  AT  THE  DINNER  TABLE 


Th 


HE  architect  is  habitually 
good-natured  but  gloomy.  One  imagines 
that  even  his  detractors,  that  is  to  say,  al- 
most the  entire  non-architectural  popula- 
tion, will  grant  him  the  first  of  these  quali- 
ties. For  where  else  can  be  found  a  profes- 
sional man  willing  to  listen  with  a  tolerant 
smile  to  the  bantering,  ignorant  insults 
which  form  the  conventional  method  of 
holding  conversation  with  him?  Perhaps 
his  gloom  springs  from  his  long  endurance 
of  gibe  and  ridicule,  from  a  sad  despair  of 
ever  bringing  round  the  public,  his  prospec- 
tive client,  to  a  more  seemly  attitude  to- 
wards him.  Many  a  member  of  this  ob- 
scure but  necessary  profession  must  have 
been  irritated,  behind  his  smile,  by  the  com- 
placency w^ith  which  the  "ordinary  man  or 
woman"  will  attack  him  in  public.  He  can- 
not, in  public,  hit  back  with  any  show  of 
force;  he  must  not  lose  his  sense  of  humor. 
Perhaps  he  is  too  disillusioned  even  to  want 
to  argue. 

In  what  used  to  be  known  as  polite  so- 
ciety, a  harmless,  non-aggressive  person 
may  mention  in  the  course  of  conversation 
that  he  is  an  architect.  What  happens? 
The  "ordinary  man"  at  once  prepares  for 
attack.  Sometimes,  it  is  true,  the  attacker 
contents  himself  with  airing  his  views,  usu- 
ally as  wrong-headed  as  they  are  thought- 
less, on  the  aesthetic  side  of  the  question. 
We  are  all  hardened  to  hearing  the  Shake- 
spear  Theater  referred  to  as  a  jam  factory, 
and  Grosvenor  House  as  a  prison.  We  ex- 
pect  our   lay   opponents   to   advocate    the 

Editor's  Note — ^This  article  was  first  published  in  Architectural  Design 
and  Construction,  London,  England,  and  later  in  The  Octagon,  official 
organ  of  the  American  Institute  of  Architects. 


by 

RbGINALD  TURNOR,  B.  A. 

building  of  bastard  half-timber  cottages, 
and  pompous  sham-classic  banks  and  of- 
fices. This  they  are  entitled  to  do,  if  they 
must.  We  ourselves  should  be  chary  of 
condemning  the  work  of  other  professions, 
our  ignorance  of  which  might  seem  a  suit- 
able reason  for  silence;  but  we  let  that  pass. 
If  the  ordinary  man  does  not  like  the  looks 
of  a  building,  he  is  at  liberty  to  say  so, 
and  the  architect  is  at  liberty  to  disagree 
with  him.  But  does  the  ordinary  man  stop 
at  this?  He  does  not.  As  likely  as  not,  he 
will  not  worry  over  such  trivialities  as 
aesthetics  and  taste,  but  will  unblushingly 
refer  in  terms  of  some  disapproval  to  the 
incompetence,  nay,  more,  to  the  morals  of 
the  architect. 

There  is  nothing  unusual  in  being  told 
by  the  ordinary  man  that  he  employed  an 
architect  who  swindled  him.  This  is  said 
half  jestingly,  half  indignantly:  This  archi- 
tect deliberately  spent  far  more  money  be- 
longing to  his  client  than  he  had  any  right 
to  do.  In  fact,  he  is  a  thief  and  an  em- 
bezzler. More,  he  charged  a  higher  per- 
centage on  the  cost  of  the  work  than  he 
was  entitled  to.  He  should  be  in  prison 
by  rights,  but  the  client  was  lenient,  and 
generously  dismissed  him,  without  taking 
legal  proceedings.  So  much  for  the  morals 
of  the  architect. 

Another  time,  the  topic  will  be  the  time- 
honored  joke  about  the  architect  who  for- 
got the  staircase.  Now  all  architects  are 
used  to  this  one,  and  regard  it  with  tolerant 
good  humor.  They  have  even  acquired  a 
certain  affection  for  it  through  constant  as- 
sociation. Some  of  them  keep  a  record  of 
how  often  they  have  heard  it. 


^    21    ► 


They  are  almost  as  accustomed  to  the 
well-known  fact  that  architects,  being  for 
the  most  part  of  the  male  sex,  are  incapable 
of  designing  kitchens  and  cupboards.  They 
laugh  politely.  Their  doors  and  windows 
never  fit,  and  more  often  than  not  the  ar- 
chitect will  place  the  larder  between  the 
boiler  and  the  W.C.  Architects  are,  in 
fact,  not  only  swindlers  and  thieves,  they 
are  also  fools.  They  do  not  knovv^  their 
job.  If  the  ordinary  man,  who  has  no 
training  and  has  never  thought  about  archi- 
tecture, were  planning  a  house,  he  would 
do  it  far  better. 

Architects  are,  then,  not  only  knaves  and 
fools,  their  very  existence  is  unnecessary. 
Now  all  this,  to  the  profession  itself  is, 
of  course,  stale  news.  They  are  resigned 
to  it,  and  pursue  their  gloomy  ways  hop- 
ing to  be  allowed  to  earn  enough  to  keep 
body  and  soul  together,  but  never  expect- 
ing anything  but  abuse  from  the  outside 
world.  Does  it  ever  occur  to  them  that  this 
attitude  of  the  public  is  bad  for  the  profes- 
sion? We  all  know  that  the  public's  views 
on  architecture  are  in  its  worst  interests, 
but  do  we  realize  clearly  enough  what  is 
its  attitude  towards  architects  as  men? 

Imagine  the  same  situation  reproduced 
with  a  member  of  another  profession  as  the 
butt.  The  scene  is  a  dinner  party  any- 
where. 

A  guest  has  just  stated  that  he  is  a  sur- 
geon. 

Another  guest  says: 

"The  surgeon  who  operated  on  me  de- 
liberately took  pieces  out  of  me  that  might 
well  have  stayed  in.  It  increased  his  fees, 
you  see." 

He  smiles,  for  he  is  entertaining  the 
whole  party,  and  goes  on: 

"Not  only  that,  but  although  it  was  sup- 
posed to  be  an  operation  for  appendicitis, 
my  appendix  was  the  one  thing  he  forgot 
to  take  out." 


Everyone  smiles.  Here  the  surgeon  was 
both  fool  and  knave.  Another  guest  takes 
up  the  cudgels. 

"I  remember  the  row  I  had  with  a  doc- 
tor. He  charged  me  twice  as  much  as  he'd 
agreed  to  for  attending  my  little  girl.  Be- 
sides, she  got  much  worse  after  the  treat- 
ment. That's  the  trouble  with  you  doctors. 
You  don't  understand  a  woman's  psychol- 
ogy. You  ought  all  to  have  women  part- 
ners."   And  so  on,  and  so  forth. 

Now  I  want  to  make  it  quite  clear  that 
in  each  of  these  cases,  that  of  the  archi- 
tect and  the  doctor,  all  these  accusations 
may  be  perfectly  true.  The  only  difference 
is  that  these  remarks,  often,  more  often 
than  not,  actually  are  made  to  the  archi- 
tect and  nobody  thinks  anything  of  them, 
while  in  the  case  of  the  surgeon,  I  imagine, 
anyone  who  made  them  would  be  consid- 
ered to  be  a  trifle  lacking  in  tact,  down- 
right rude  one  might  almost  say,  and  the 
dinner  party  might  become  something  of  a 
frost.  Let  us  rub  it  in  a  little  farther.  What 
would  be  thought  of  a  man  who  said  to  a 
lawyer  in  public: 

"Oh,  so  you're  a  lawyer.  All  the  law- 
yers I've  ever  known  have  been  black- 
guards and  incompetents.  " 

A  little  odd,  perhaps,  just  a  trifle  too  out- 
spoken? I  think  he  would  be  guilty  of  un- 
social behavior. 

As  I  said,  architects  are  mostly  good- 
natured  men.  They  do  not  stand  upon 
their  dignity,  nor  demand  a  lip  service  of 
respect  where  such  is  insincere.  But  they 
are  surely  entitled  to  be  taken  on  their 
merits,  and  given  a  chance  to  earn  the  ac- 
cusation of  dishonesty  and  inefficiency.  I 
cannot  feel  that  architecture  will  improve 
while  its  exponents  are  assumed  to  be  men 
of  such  low  caliber.  Many  of  them  are 
fools,  I  fear,  and  some  perhaps,  are  knaves, 
but  no  one  likes  to  be  told  to  his  face  that 
he  is  probably  either  or  both  of  these 
things,  on  no  evidence  at  all. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    22    ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


A  MODERN  ADOBE  HOUSE 

by 


B.  REEDE  HARDMAN,  Architect 

Because  of  the  exacting  conditions  required  for  their  proper  construction,  such  as  suitable  soil  and  Mex- 
ican labor,  the  number  of  adobe  houses  built  in  California  is  comparatively  small.  Recently  good  soil 
for  this  type  of  construction  has  been  found  in  Contra  Costa  County  and  the  result  is  that  a  group  of 
these  homes  are  being  erected  there.  The  one  here  illustrated  is  near  Lafayette  and  while  it  is  still  in 
the  unfinished  stage,  it  presents  some  interesting  features  for  publication.  The  owner  is  supervising  the 
work  which  is  being  done  by  local  labor. 


T« 


HE  approach  to  the 
house  leads  through  a  beautiful  orchard  to 
a  setting  beneath  an  immense  walnut  tree. 
The  house  is  a  low  rambling  type,  with 
wide,  overhanging  eaves  and  deep  reveals 
shielding  its  interiors  from  the  summer  heat 


be  well  to  review  the  preliminary  events 
leading  to  the  selection  of  adobe  for  a  build- 
ing material.  Wood  frame  with  plaster, 
board  and  batten  and  brick  and  hollow  tile, 
were  eliminated  after  a  thorough  investiga- 
tion of  the  possibilities  of  adobe  construc- 
tion. It  was  found  that  the  sub-soil  under- 
lying the  site  was  admirably  suited  to  the 


of  the  San  Ramon  Valley.    Ample  provi-     making  of  adobe  and  that  both  coarse  and 
sion   for  outdoor   life   has   been   made  by     fine  gravel  could  be  obtained  from  the  creek 

bed  along  the  rear  of 
the  property.  Fur- 
thermore, workmen 
skilled  in  the  making 
and  use  of  adobe, 
were  available  in  the 
neighborhood. 

The  history  of 
adobe  reveals  that 
some  of  these  build- 
ings have  been  occu- 
pied for  several  cen- 
turies. They  are  not- 
ed for  their  coolness 
in  the  hot  climates  of 
Mexico  and  the  bor- 
der state  because  of 
their  thick  earthern 
walls.  Since  the 
major  portion  of  our 
building  materials 


opening  the  living 
portions  of  the  house 
onto  a  spacious  cov- 
ered porch  facing  a 
walled  garden.  The 
latter  extends  to  the 
wooded  banks  of  a 
creek  where,  on  a 
wide  shady  terrace 
by  the  water's  edge, 
are  an  open  barba- 
cue  fireplace,  picnic 
tables,  rustic  bench- 
es and  swings. 

Our  client  wanted 
a  home  of  rural 
charm,  cool  in  sum- 
mer, warm  in  winter 
and  moderate  in  cost. 
At  the  beginning  of 
this  discussion  it  may 


PLAN,  ADOBE  HOUSE  FOR  HARRY  HINDMAN, 
LAFAYETTE,  CALIFORNIA 
Hardraan  &  Russ,  Architects 


^    23    ► 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    24    ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


were  available  on  the  site  and  the  climate 
being  ideal,  this  type  of  construction  seemed 
most  logical. 

Adobe  walls  are  of  two  general  types. 
The  first  is  known  as  an  earth  rammed  con- 
struction, being  built  by  pouring  the  stiff 
mud  into  wooden  forms,  ramming  it  into 
place,  much  in  the  same  manner  as  a  con- 
crete wall  is  built.  In  the  second  type  the 
walls  are  built  up  of  individually  moulded 
brick,  laid  in  a  mortar  of  adobe  mud.    The 


inches  above  the  adjacent  ground  lines  and 
applying  a  bituminous  water  -  proof  mem- 
brane between  the  concrete  and  the  adobe. 
This  has  the  additional  advantage  of  bind- 
ing the  structure  into  a  rigid  unit  at  its  base. 
Exterior  walls  that  are  not  buttressed  at 
least  every  ten  feet  by  adobe  walls  inter- 
secting at  right  angles,  are  made  eighteen 
inches  thick.  Shorter  span  walls  so  but- 
tressed are  twelve  inches  thick.  Interior 
walls  are  eight  and  twelve  inches  in  thick- 


\^2i 


ADOBE  HOUSE  FOR  HARRY  HINDMAN,  LAFAYETTE,  CALIFORNIA 
Hardmann  &  Russ,  Architects 


latter  was  selected  for  this  job  because  of 
its  attractiveness  of  wall  surface  and  its 
greater  flexibility  in  use. 

Modern  engineering  has  taught  us  the 
observance  of  certain  structural  safeguards 
against  earth  shock  and  other  types  of  fail- 
ure that  were  not  practiced  by  our  adobe 
forefathers.  One  notable  type  of  failure  has 
been  the  disintegration  of  the  bottom  of  the 
walls,  due  to  the  splashing  up  of  rain  water 
and  to  the  capillary  attraction  of  moisture 
from  the  ground.  This  has  been  safeguard- 
ed by  laying  concrete  footings  approxi- 
mately fifty  percent  wider  than  the  wall  to 
be  supported,  carrying  the  concrete  twelve 


ness,  depending  upon  their  length  and 
height.  A  reinforced  concrete  collar  beam 
is  placed  in  the  top  of  each  wall  at  the 
eave  line,  thoroughly  bonded  to  the  wall 
and  to  the  roof  members,  binding  the  top 
of  the  building  again  into  a  single  unit.  In 
this  manner  lateral  forces,  such  as  may  re- 
sult from  an  earthquake,  are  transferred  to 
the  cross  walls.  The  house  was  planned  in 
the  form  of  an  H  so  that  each  unit  acts  as 
a  right  angle  brace  to  the  other.  The  height 
of  the  adobe  walls,  from  foundation  to  col- 
lar beam,  ranges  from  seven  to  seven  and 
one  half  feet.  These  heights  are  held  to 
a  minimum  as  the  walls,  when  subjected  to 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    25    ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


lateral  forces,  react  as  a  beam  between  the 
foundation  and  the  collar  beam. 

Since  the  roof  construction  forms  the 
ceiling  in  the  major  portion  of  the  house, 
the  rafters  are  of  logs,  five  to  seven  inches 
in  diameter.  They  are  supported  at  the 
ridge  by  an  eight  inch  log  extending 
through  each  gable  end  wall.    Each  rafter 


ed.  After  the  top  soil  has  been  removed,  the 
area  is  spaded  to  a  depth  of  about  six  inches. 
The  Mexican  workmen,  having  cut  off  their 
jeans  to  more  nearly  resemble  shorts,  soak 
the  area  with  water  and  with  their  bare 
feet  and  hoes  knead  the  soil  to  a  plastic 
state.  Over  this  is  spread  a  layer  of  straw 
and  manure  and  then  a  layer  of  gravel,  the 


PROGRESS  PICTURE.  ADOBE  HOUSE  FOR  HARRY  HINDMAN, 
Hardman  6  Russ.  Architects 


and  the  log  cross  ties  are  bolted  to  the  con- 
crete collar  beam,  transferring  lateral  roof 
forces  to  the  cross  walls. 

The  procedure  followed  in  making  the 
bricks  is  quite  primitive,  although  in  some 
instances  the  adobe  mud  is  churned  in  a 
concrete  mixer.  It  was  believed,  due  to  the 
soil  composition,  the  machine  mix  would 
have  to  be  made  too  wet,  resulting  in  the 
cracking  of  the  bricks  as  they  dried.  The 
lines  of  the  building  are  staked  out  and  the 
exact  location  of  the  basement  is  determin- 


quantities  being  dependent  upon  the  com- 
position of  the  soil.  This  is  again  churned 
in  the  same  manner  until  the  ingredients 
are  thoroughly  mixed  to  the  proper  con- 
sistency. It  is  then  wheeled  to  a  plot  of 
ground  that  has  been  levelled  off,  where 
the  bricks  are  moulded.  This  process  is  re- 
peated until  the  required  number  of  bricks 
are  made.  By  preliminary  calculation  the 
basement  has  been  made  of  sufficient  size 
to  supply  soil  for  all  the  bricks. 

The  forms  for  moulding  the  bricks  are 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


<^    26   ► 


APRIL.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


made  of  one  by  four  inch  strips  of  wood, 
slightly  bevelled  to  facilitate  removal  after 
being  filled.  Bricks  are  made  in  two  gen- 
eral sizes,  eight  by  eighteen  inches  and 
twelve  by  eighteen  inches  by  four  inches 
thick.  The  form  is  laid  flat  on  the  ground 
and  the  adobe  mud  packed  into  it.  raking 
the  top  out  to  a  slightly  concave  surface. 


made  for  vertical  shrinkage,  due  to  the 
contraction  of  the  mortar  in  drying.  Inge- 
nious details  were  worked  out  to  allow  for 
this  settling  by  moulding  special  grooved 
and  rebated  jamb  bricks  and  by  providing 
a  slot  in  the  solid  wood  lintels. 

The  use  of  steel  sash  marked  the  advent 
of  the  first  modern  equipment  in  the  job. 


ADOBE  holism:  1-OR   ilARR^'   HINDMAN,  LAFAYETTE,  CALIFORNIA 
Hardman  &  Russ,  Architects 


The  form  is  then  lifted  off  and  the  opera- 
tion repeated,  leaving  the  bricks  in  long 
rows  to  bake  in  the  sun.  After  they  have 
dried  sufficiently  to  handle,  they  are  stood 
on  end  and  the  loose  soil  that  has  adhered 
to  the  bottom  side  is  scraped  off.  When 
they  have  properly  cured,  they  are  piled  in 
long  rows  ready  for  use. 

The  adobe  walls  are  laid  up  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  ordinary  brick  wall,  except 
adobe  mortar  is  used.  In  setting  the  frames 
for  doors  and  windows,  provision  must  be 


It  is  a  departure  from  precedent,  but  to  be 
a  slave  to  tradition  would  mean  sacrifice  in 
sanitation,  convenience  and  much  of  the 
comfort  of  living.  Steel  sash  were  selected 
primarily  because  in  an  average  size  open- 
ing, say  ten  square  feet,  they  provided 
about  twenty  percent  more  clear  glass  area 
than  wood  sash  and  secondly,  the  simplic- 
ity of  framing  and  installation  made  their 
use  more  economical  both  in  size  of  open- 
ings and  cost.  The  adobe  walls  above  the 
doors  and  windows  are  carried  by  solid. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    27   ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


rough  sawn  wooden  beams,  eight  inches 
deep. 

The  roof  has  quite  a  flat  pitch  and  is 
insulated  with  a  layer  of  one  half  inch  fiber 
board  over  the  pine  sheathing.  Although 
tile  was  originally  planned,  its  surface  will 
be  covered  with  creosote  stained,  hand 
split  cedar  shakes,  twenty-five  inches  long 
and  one  inch  thick  at  the  butts.  This  is  a 
much  lighter  weight  roof  and  consequently 
more  earthquake  resisting.  Both  the  exter- 
ior and  interior  of  the  adobe  walls,  after 
having  been  pointed  up  and  rubbed  down 
with  burlap  and  sand,  are  finished  with  a 


white-wash,  decorated  with  wainscots  and 
architraves  painted  in  blue,  terra  cotta  and 
yellow.  All  wood  trim  and  exposed  struc- 
tural members  are  given  an  antique  stain 
finish. 

The  interior  is  equipped  with  modern 
plumbing  conveniences,  oak  plank  floors, 
linoleum,  oil  burning  warm  air  heating  sys- 
tem and  electric  range,  water  heater  and 
refrigerator. 

The  total  cost  of  the  house  will  compare 
quite  favorably  with  its  estimated  cost  in 
wood  frame  and  plaster,  namely  22c  per 
cubic  foot. 


A  BRICK  WALL  WITH  GOOD 
ARCHITECTURAL  LINES 
Edwin  L.  Snyder,  Architect 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER       -^     28     ^       APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


PROTECTIVE  COATINGS  FOR  METAL  WORK 


by 

E.  A.  HURST 


_!_  _|_UCH  has  been  said  in  refer- 
ence to  protective  coatings  for  metal.  Re- 
cently a  paper  was  read  at  a  meeting  of 
the  Electrochemical  Society  in  Chicago. 
This  paper  was  givven  wide  publicity  in 
technical  magazines  throughout  the  United 
States.  It  refers  specifically  to  tests  made 
over  a  period  of  years  in  England,  the  re- 
sults of  which  fall  under  four  headings — 

1.  Nature  of  the  metal; 

2.  Presence  of  separating  materials  be- 
tween metal  and  paint,  such  as  mill-scale, 
rust,  water  or  salt; 

3.  Character  of  paint  as  determined  by 
the  nature  and  quantity  of  the  pigment,  the 
oil,  the  thinner  and  the  dryer; 

4.  Character  of  the  atmosphere,  water 
or  soil  to  which  the  painted  metal  is  ex- 
posed. 

The  metal  prime  coat  seems  to  evolve 
around  red  lead,  red  oxide,  linseed  oil  and 
turpentine  with  a  proportionate  amount  of 
dryer. 

This  combination  has  been  in  use  and 
apparently  an  accepted  fact  for  a  period 
of  over  fifty  years  but  during  all  this  time 
statistics  compiled  by  the  Department  of 
Commerce  inform  us  that  the  annual  wast- 
age due  to  rust  and  corrosion  reaches  the 
stupendous  figure  of  over  three  hundred 
million  dollars  a  year. 


This  enormous  destruction  resulting  from 
rust  and  corrosion  is  steadily  increasing  in 
proportion  to  the  amount  of  steel  and  con- 
crete used  in  building. 

Paint  technicians  who  have  carefully 
studied  this  tremendous  problem  agree  that 
the  various  types  of  steel  and  iron,  ranging 
from  superior  copper  steel  and  electrolytic 
iron  to  a  steel  containing  a  high  percentage 
of  carbon  and  manganese,  in  their  turn 
have  different  reactions  on  prime  coating. 

The  reactions  as  to  moisture,  humidity, 
acids,  gases  and  salt  spray  have  also  been 
carefully  noted. 

During  the  last  few  years  chemists  have 
in  their  investigations  made  exhaustive 
tests  to  find  the  reason  why  the  proverbial 
red  lead  has  fallen  short  of  the  mark  as  a 
rust  preventative.  Experiments  along  these 
and  other  lines  are  well  worth  citing. 

In  Test  Number  One  several  pieces  of 
steel  were  used  cut  from  angles,  shapes  and 
plates.  The  metal  was  thoroughly  wire- 
brushed  and  in  some  instances  sand- 
blasted. A  good  coating  of  red  lead  and 
linseed  oil  with  turpentine  was  then  ap- 
plied, and  the  metal  was  exposed  to  the 
elements  on  the  roof  of  a  building  in  the 
heart  of  an  industrial  area  and  near  salt 
water. 

After  a  period  of  two  years,  it  was  found 
that  the  hnseed  oil  had  completely  decom- 
posed, leaving  a  film  of  red  lead  and  lead 


^    29    ► 


soaps  containing  a  high  percentage  of  mois- 
ture. The  moisture  in  the  red  lead  acted 
as  an  electrolyte,  wherein  electrolysis  of 
the  exposed  molecules  took  place,  causing 
rust  and  corrosion. 

It  was  further  found  that  the  lead  soaps 
emulsified  and  became  soluble  in  water  and 
washed  off,  leaving  the  surface  of  the 
metal  exposed  to  the  atmosphere. 

Test  Number  Two  used  the  combina- 
tion of  red  lead  and  iron  oxide  (Indian) 
with  linseed  oil.  This  combination  proved 
to  be  superior  both  chemically  and  mechan- 
ically to  straight  red  lead  with  linseed  oil. 
Microphotographs  revealed  that  the 
small  particles  of  red  oxide  in  combination 
with  the  red  lead  materially  helped  to  seal 
the  open  pores  left  in  the  linseed  oil. 

An  examination  two  years  later  demon- 
strated that  moisture  had  penetrated  to  the 
metal  and  corrosion  was  taking  place,  but 
considerably  less  than  with  the  straight  red 
lead. 

In  Test  Number  Three  a  number  of 
pieces  of  metal  were  coated  with  red  oxide 
used  with  a  non-porous  vehicle.  The  sur- 
face of  this  metal  had  previously  been  al- 
lowed to  oxidize  and  had  a  thin  film  of 
rust. 

A  suitable  type  of  thinner  was  used  to 
carry  the  vehicle  and  to  penetrate  into  the 
film  of  rust. 

This  combination  of  red  oxide,  the  non- 
porous  vehicle  and  the  thinner  on  oxidiza- 
tion formed  an  insulation  around  the  par- 
ticles of  rust,  which  were  bonded  to  the 
metal,  thereby  excluding  any  further  at- 
tack of  oxygen,  and  eliminating  any  pos- 
sibility of  rust  or  corrosion. 

Consequently,  when  an  examination  was 
made  of  this  test  two  years  later  the  coat- 
ing was  found  to  be  in  perfect  condition 
with  no  breaks  or  traces  of  moisture,  in 
spite  of  the  outside  exposure  to  extreme 
heat  and  cold  and  the  rays  of  the  sun. 
The  results  of  this  last  test  proved   so 


satisfactory  that  several  thousand  gallons 
of  this  combination  were  manufactured  and 
sold  both  in  the  industrial  and  marine  fields. 
This  further  proved  the  practicability  of 
the  coating  inasmuch  as  it  was  subjected  to 
abrasion  and  general  hard  working  condi- 
tions. 

Chromates  and  linseed  oil  were  com- 
bined in  Test  Number  Four.  The  results 
this  time  were  much  the  same  as  in  the  case 
of  red  lead  and  linseed  oil,  except  that  the 
former  seemed  to  have  slightly  more  lasting 
qualities. 

Test  Number  Five  dealt  with  metallic 
zinc  dust  99%  pure,  and  linseed  oil.  This 
combination  when  applied  to  metal  gave 
an  unsatisfactory  result,  due  to  the  por- 
osity of  the  linseed  oil  vehicle. 

Test  Number  Six  was  made  with  a  com- 
bination of  metallic  zinc  dust  and  vegetable 
gums,  on  pieces  of  clean  steel  and  iron. 
The  result  of  this  test  was  highly  satisfac- 
tory. 

It  was  noted  that  the  vehicle  formed  a 
non-porous  film  and  that  the  metallic  zinc 
dust  became  homogeneous  with  the  metal. 
This  combination  was  tried  on  several 
ocean-going  vessels  where  the  exposed 
metal  had  been  wire-brushed  and  appar- 
ently all  previous  paint  coatings  had  been 
removed. 

However,  after  a  period  of  approxi- 
mately six  months  the  coating  began  to  peel 
off  in  places  and  on  microscopic  examina- 
tion <'mall  particles  of  old  paint  were  found 
to  be  in  the  pit  holes,  thereby,  preventing 
adhesion  between  the  metallic  zinc  coating 
and  the  metal  to  which  it  was  applied. 

Test  Number  Seven  was  performed  with 
metallic  zinc  paint. 

Sandblasted  steel  test  panels  were  given 
one  or  two  coats — brush  applied.  No  trou- 
ble or  difficulty  was  found  in  the  brushing 
qualities  and  the  coverage  was  very  good. 
A  high  power  mercury  quartz  lamp  was 
used   in   this   test,   and  it  was   noted   that 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    30    ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


chalking  and  crazing  were  absent.  The 
test  was  not  carried  to  completion  owing  to 
lamp  trouble,  but  the  zinc  paint  showed  up 
superior  to  red  lead. 

A  salt  spray  test  was  also  applied,  a 
20%  sodium  chloride  solution  being  em- 
ployed. Test  pieces  were  kept  in  cycles 
consisting  of  8  hours  spray  and  then  16 
hours  saturated  damp  salt  atmosphere.  Un- 
der this  treatment  the  samples  stood  up 
over  350  hours  of  spray  plus  1050  hours 
of  dampness,  the  difference  in  ratio  due  to 
weekend  periods,  without  any  indication  of 
failure.  There  was  no  indication  of  rust 
creeping  under  the  coat  from  the  unpro- 
tected edges.  Blisters,  cracks,  checking, 
crazing  and  chalking  were  entirely  absent. 
On  the  other  hand,  red  lead  coats  have 
failed  in  24  hours  of  spray,  and  200  hours 
is  a  good  life  for  a  top  coat. 

A  test  piece  was  subjected  to  weathering 
cycles,  a  cycle  here  consisting  of 
16  hours — damp  dark  atmosphere  at   100 
degrees  Fahrenheit 

1    hour  — ice  water 

7  hours — salt  spray  (20%  sol.) 
16  hours — cool  damp  dark  atmosphere 

1    hour  — dry  ultra  violet  light 

7  hours — moist  ultra  violet  light. 
Under  this  treatment,  the  piece  in  ques- 
tion stood  up  for  25  cycles,  there  being  no 
indication  of  failure,  with  the  exception  of 
a  slight  uniform  lightening  of  color. 

In  the  abrasion  test,  which  was  also  ap- 
plied, the  Gardner  Emery  abrasion  appar- 
atus was  used  and  the  life  of  the  zinc  coat- 
ing was  far  superior  to  anything  previously 
tested. 

These  exhaustive  tests  were  continued 
for  some  time  in  order  to  prove  further  the 
efficacy  of  the  metallic  zinc  paint  in  ques- 
tion. 

After  the  sample  had  been  in  salt  spray 
900  hours  and  in  damp  salt  atmosphere 
about  2700  hours,  an  examination  under 
the  microscope  showed  that  the  center  of 


the  panel  was  in  very  good  condition. 
There  was  a  tendency  of  the  rust  to  creep 
OVER  the  paint  at  the  edge  of  the  panel. 
With  the  exception  of  a  few  spots  at  which 
the  top  coat  of  paint  had  shrunk  away  from 
the  bottom  coat,  the  panel  was  in  good 
condition. 

After  the  test-piece  had  undergone  56 
weathering  cycles  in  all  the  condition  of 
the  sample  was  as  follows: 

The  central  portion  of  the  panel  showed 
a  few  cracks  but  did  not  exhibit  any  rust 
coming  from  these  cracks.  The  edges  were 
considerably  discolored  due  to  the  rust 
creeping  OVER  the  paint,  but  when  the  rust 
was  scraped  away,  a  fair  coating  of  paint 
was  still  seen  protecting  the  metal.  This 
sample  was  deeply  scratched  in  the  early 
part  of  the  test,  to  allow  the  coating  to 
disintegrate  and  the  rust  to  creep  under 
the  coating  if  possible.  An  examination  of 
this  scratch  showed  it  to  be  filled  up  with 
a  rather  high  ridge  of  rust.  The  coating 
did  not  disintegrate  around  the  scratch. 

A  portion  of  the  panel  was  subjected  to 
the  light  and  water  test.  It  was  placed  un- 
der water  so  that  the  ultra-violet  light 
would  play  upon  it.  This  test  was  con- 
tinued for  180  hours  and  the  coating  stood 
up  very  well  under  this  severe  treatment. 
It  cracked  but  slightly  and  only  exhibited 
blisters  due  to  the  second  coat  separating 
in  spots   from  the  first  coat. 

There  is  no  doubt,  as  a  result  of  thor- 
ough tests  of  this  kind,  that  combinations 
of  technical  coatings  can  be  manufactured 
and  applied  that  will  eliminate  rust  and 
corrosion  for  a  period  at  least  twice  as 
long  as  that  of  red  lead,  even  though  red 
lead  has  in  the  past  been  used  as  a  prime 
coating  for  all  types  of  metal. 

It  is  obvious  that  the  paint  manufacturer 
is  not  in  a  position  to  dictate  to  the  steel 
manufacturer  as  to  the  component  parts 
of  the  steel.  Protective  coatings  therefore 
became  a  paint  manufacturer's  problem,  in 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    31    ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


the  way  that  the  lubricating  problem  was 
solved  by  the  oil  refiners  and  not  necessar- 
ily by  the  automotive  engineers. 

Much  has  already  been  accomplished, 
however,  for  technical  coatings  can  be  built 
to  suit  any  purpose  from  a  food-compress- 
ing plant  to  a  steel  bridge.  This  includes 
prime  coatings  such  as  are  used  in  the 
automotive  industry. 

Tests  have  demonstrated  that  the  time 
to  prime  coat  steel  is  soon  after  oxidation 
takes  place  and  loose  mill  scale  has  been 
removed.  This  should  be  done  at  the  point 
where  steel  is  manufactured,  or  as  soon  as 


it  arrives  on  the  ground  for  erection.  This 
is  especially  necessary  in  the  case  of  box 
girders  or  in  parts  of  steel  structures  that 
are  inaccessible  after  fabrication. 

Many  instances  have  come  to  light  where 
poor  prime  coats  have  caused  and  acceler- 
ated rust  and  corrosion.  It  is  therefore  es- 
sential to  apply  a  prime  coat  that  is  of  the 
finest  quality  and  that  is  the  proper  one  for 
the  specific  purpose  to  which  the  metal  will 
be  put. 

Improper  undercoatings  are  the  most  ex- 
pensive. 


■NAILS" 

A  Photograph  by  P.  Douglas  Anderson  in  Camera  Craft 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    32    ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


TERMITES  AND  TERMITE  CONTROL 


by 

A.  A.  BROWN,  Consulting  Engineer 

Editor's  Note: — This  is  the  final  of  three  articles  prepared  for  readers  o[  The  Architect 
AND  Engineer  by  Mr.  Brown  who  is  chairman  of  the  Termite  Investigations  Committee, 
San  Francisco.  These  articles  have  highlighted  portions  of  the  Committee's  final  report, 
"Termites  and  Termite  Control",  from  the  University  of  California  Press,  Berkeley,  Cali- 
fornia; Charles  A.  Kofoid,  Editor-in-Chief. 

Such  widespread  interest  has  followed  the  publication  of  Mr.  Brown's  articles  that  the 
publishers  have  decided  to  make  the  subject  of  "Termites  and  Termite  Control"  a  regular 
feature  of  this  magazine.  Many  letters  of  inquiry  or  questions  not  fully  covered  in  Mr. 
Brown's  three  published  articles  have  been  received.  These  inquiries  will  be  answered  by 
Mr.  Brown  in  succeeding  issues.  Readers  who  are  confronted  with  problems  arising  from 
termite  conditions  are  asked  to  outline  their  troubles  in  queries  to  this  magazine  and  answers 
will  be  published  in  detail  by  Mr.  Brown. 


% 


HERE  is  no  "typi- 
cal example"  of  termite  damage  to  a  build- 
ing. After  analyzing  1,000  cases  of  sub- 
terranean termite  attack,  Dr.  A.  L.  Pickens, 
biologist  for  the  Termite  Investigations 
Committee,  says  in  part:  "No  stumps  are 
found  under  the  houses  in  a  city  commend- 
ably  careful  of  the  understructure  of  its 
dwelling  houses,  but  they  may  be  exceed- 
ingly common  under  flimsily  built  resi- 
dences thrown  up  by  the  fly-by-night  type 
of  speculatve  builder  who  builds  with  the 
idea  of  selling  out  within  a  short  time. 
(Fig.  21). 

"It  is  noted  that  much  more  trouble  is 
experienced  with  concrete  foundations  than 
with  either  brick  or  stone.  These  figures 
are  capable  of  misinterpretation  unless  one 
bears  in  mind  that  the  number  of  brick  and 
stone  foundations  is  very  small  compared 
to  that  of  concrete.  However,  it  is  well  to 
remember  that  brick  and  stone  are  usually 
bound  with  a  good  grade  of  mortar,  every 
inch  of  which  is  troweled  under  the  mason's 
eye  as  it  is  put  in  place,  and  the  wall  is 
leveled  off  and  permitted  to  dry  before  the 
mudsill   is   placed.     Cement,   on  the  other 


hand,  is  often  dumped  in  by  the  barrow- 
ful  and  not  tamped  sufficiently  to  bind  the 
pebbles  and  cement,  so  that  huge  cavities 
are  left,  large  enough  to  serve  as  termite 
roadways,  and  even  as  broad  chambers, 
without  the  termite  having  to  excavate 
them;  furthermore,  the  mudsill  is  often 
placed  in  a  faulty  manner.  Some  carpen- 
ters, before  the  top  layer  of  cement  is  dry, 
hasten  to  drive  huge  spikes  into  what  is 
to  serve  as  the  lower  side  of  the  mudsill, 
after  which  the  timber  is  dropped  onto  the 
top  of  the  foundation  with  the  spikes 
plunging  into  the  wet  cement.  When  the 
whole  has  dried  and  the  forms  are  remov- 
ed, the  mudsill  is  often  found  embedded  in 
a  water-holding  trough  formed  by  the 
splashing  up  of  the  cement  for  a  short  dis- 
tance at  the  lower  side  of  the  mudsill,  which 
dries  in  that  shape.  The  close  bond  be- 
tween timber  and  concrete  tends  to  keep 
the  timber  damp,  thus  inviting  attack  by 
both  termites  and  fungi. 

Build  Runways  Over  Concrete 
"Upon  analyzing  the  causes  of  trouble 
with  concrete,  we  find  that  most  of  it  arises 
from  foundations  level  with  the  ground,  or 
only  slightly  above.  Termites,  however, 
even  in  northern  California,  may  build  run- 


^    33    ► 


ways  over  high  concrete  foundations,  and 
in  several  instances  have  been  known  to 
build  over  walls  nine,  twelve,  and  even 
fourteen  feet  in  height  (Fig.  22).  It  is 
probable  that  such  cases,  if  anaylzed  after 


openings  for  water  and  steam  pipes.  Crack- 
ing of  concrete  foundations  accounts  for 
other  infestations. 

"The  custom  of  permitting  upright  studs 
and   columns   to  rest   in  cups   in   concrete 


Fig.  21 — Tree  stump  left  under  an  apartment  building.  The  stump  is  in- 
fested with  subterranean  termites.  The  firewood  piled  in  contact  with  the 
ground  and  stump  may  also  provide  an  avenue  of  attack. 


extensive  excavation,  would  be  found  to 
result  from  an  abundant  supply  of  form 
boards  left  in  the  soil  beneath,  wherein  the 
termites  have  multiplied  sufficiently  to  per- 
mit such  extensive  runway  building.  Wood 
floors  laid  over  concrete  are  susceptible  to 
attack   either   through"   cracks    or   through 


floors,  or  to  project  entirely  through  a  later 
addition  of  a  concrete  floor,  and  to  come 
in  contact  with  the  ground  beneath,  is 
highly  dangerous,  especially  if  a  good  por- 
tion of  the  house  above  rests  on  such  a 
stud  or  column.  Under  the  first  condition 
any  moisture  placed  on  the  floor  in  washing 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    34    ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


or  otherwise   tends   to  collect   in   the  cup  laid  down  properly  and  in  a  smooth  sheet, 

and  disintegrate  the  lower  end  of  the  col-  is  a  good  termite  preventive,  especially  so 

umn  either  by  decay  or  by  termites  finding  since  it  presupposes  the  cleaning  up  of  all 

entrance  through  cracks  that  form  as  a  re-  stumps  and   debris   under  the   house;   but 


Fig.  22 — Covered  passageways  composed  of  particles  of  earth  and  frag- 
ments of  chewed  wood,  constructed  by  subterranean  termites  on  vertical 
concrete  walls  for  two  stories  in  a  heated  warehouse  in  the  San  Francisco 
Bay  region. 

suit  of  localized  weight.   If  the  timber  rests  when    placed    in    lazily    over    and    around 

on  the  ground  beneath,  we  have  a  camou-  wooden    columns    and    in    some    cases,    to 

flaged.  ground   contact,    and    termites,    by  avoid  a  minimum  excavation,  even  spread 

means  of  constant  activity  and  wide-rang-  over  mudsills  and   unremoved   forms   that 

ing  exploring  parties,  easily  reach  such  by  are  in  contact  with  the  ground,  it  becomes 

traveling  under  the  concrete.   Rat-proofing,  a  liability. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      35     ^       APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Fiq  23— a— Composite  sketch  showing  schematically  the  workings  of  a 
powder-post  termite  (cryptotermes  brevis)  in  a  table  top  A— The  assumed 
point  of  entry  of  the  colonizing  pair.  C— A  pile  of  tiny  fecal  pellets,  indica- 
tive of  the  presence  of  these  termites,  thrown  out  at  aperture  B.  b— bketch 
showing  typical  locations  of  galleries  and  workings  of  the  western  subter- 
ranean termite.  A— Gallery  in  ground  leading  from  main  colony  to  unpro- 
tected woodwork  in  building.  B— Covered  runway  from  another  colony 
located  in  a  stump  left  under  the  house.  This  runway  is  built  over  con- 
crete foundation  to  woodwork  above,  a  less  common  condition. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^     36      ^       APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


"It  is  a  rash  lawyer  who  attempts  to  find 
a  loophole  through  the  law  of  necessity. 
However,  there  is  a  curious  quirk  in  the 
psychology  of  builders  and  home-owners 
that  constantly  seeks  to  interpret  'ground 
contact'  in  the  manner  of  a  legal  quibbler. 


steps,  stoops,  porches,  etc.,  matters  much; 
hence  the  long  list  of  infestations  from 
wooden  steps  too  close  to  the  ground, 
stucco  and  wood  walls  against  which  earth 
has  been  banked,  earth-filled  terraces,  and 
ground-contacting  porches,  and  lean-tos  on 


Fig.  24 — Portion  of  the  surface  of  a  shingle-covered  dwelling  in  Berkeley, 
California,  after  partial  removal  of  shingles  to  show  the  surface  attack  on 
shingle-covered  members  and  combined  termite  and  fungus  attack  below. 
The  shingles  extended  over  the  foundation  to  the  ground. 


In  the  minds  of  these  people  only  a  hori- 
zontal ground  contact  matters  (Fig.  23) 
and  a  vertical  surface  of  earth  or  soil 
against  a  wooden  wall  never  counts  as  dan- 
gerous, while  others  seem  to  feel  that  so 
long  as  the  actual  foundations  are  suffi- 
ciently  high    no    end    of    ground-touching 


the  upper  side  of  otherwise  well  built 
homes,  and  even  partly  buried  in  the  ground 
or  thrust  against  excavated  banks  sloping 
up  the  hill  from  the  house. 

Beware  of  Shingled  Sidewalls 
"Another    curious    oversight    that    fre- 
quently occurs  is  the  nailing  on  of  shingled 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    37    ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Fig.  25 — Some  causes  of  termite  attack,  a — Tree  stump  left  under  an  apart- 
ment building.  Examination  revealed  heavy  infestation  of  stump  by  subter- 
ranean termites.  A  -l-inch  by  4-inch  post  on  the  stump  is  a  floor  support. 
This  provided  the  termites  with  a  direct  path  to  the  joists.  Intermediate  post 
beside  the  stump  rests  on  a  concrete  pier  which  has  been  covered  with  soil. 
Steam  pipe  helped  to  provide  ideal  conditions  for  infestation,  b — Foundation 
wall  built  over  tree  stump.  Part  of  stump  also  appears  on  outside  of  struc- 
ture. Subterranean  termites  infested  the  stump.  X  indicates  termite  tubes 
from  stump  toward  sill.  As  a  means  of  getting  rid  of  these  infestations,  holes 
should  be  bored  in  the  stump  and  frequently  filled  with  a  preservative  such 
as  Reilly  penetrating  creosote  until  the  stump  is  well  saturated. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    38    ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


'•I  .iniim!imii^a^yi»# 


Fig.  26  —  Work  of  ground  dwelling 
termites  in  a  building  in  Fresno,  Cali- 
fornia, a — Joists,  b — In  flooring  and 
subflooring.  The  joists  were  almost  on 
the  ground  and  placed  in  a  masonry 
wall  without  proper  ventilation. 


Fig.  27.  —  Workings  of  the  ground 
dwelling  termites.  All  show  the  earthy 
frass  characteristic  of  the  subterran- 
ean termites.  The  tendency  to  select 
the  soft  portion  of  the  annual  rings  is 
shown  in  b  in  coarse  grained  wood, 
and  in  c  in  close  grained  wood.  In 
both  cases  the  work  was  wholly  in- 
ternal, without  external  evidences  of 
its  existence  except  at  the  ends  of  the 
members.  Pieces  a  and  c  were  sound 
wood  without  visible  evidence  of  fun- 
gus attack. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    39    ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Fig.  28— This  sketch  combines  the  sorts  of  conditions  found  to  prevail  in  many 
locaHties  where  wood  has  been  improperly  used.  Unprotected  wood  in  or  on 
the  ground  makes  possible  both  settlement  and  rapid  increase  of  the  subter- 
ranean termites.  Workings  in  stumps,  poles,  posts,  sidewalks,  and  wood  of 
buildings  are  shown  in  black,  as  are  the  galleries  within  the  earth.  A  marks 
the  supposed  original  point  of  entry  of  one  of  the  colonizing  pairs,  and  B  the 
points  of  emergence  of  swarming  alates  at  the  proper  season. 


Fig.  29 — Covered  runways  from  nest  in  ground  over  concrete  pile  to  bridge 
and  rail  timbers  above,  b^ — Earthen  runways  on  poles,  c — Flagpole  in  school 
yard  set  in  copper-lined  concrete  base,  which  fell  as  result  of  damage  by 
ground  dwelling  termites.  Flag  poles  should  be  butt  treated  with  a  creosote 
material  which  protects  against  termites  and  fungi  but  in  no  way  interferes 
with  the  color  painting  of  the  pole.  On  December  11th,  1933,  a  similar  flag 
pole  crashed  onto  the  street  in  Presidio  Terrace,  San  Francisco,  during  a 
wind  storm.  Untreated  poles  placed  in  the  ground  are  a  constant  menace  to 
life  and  property. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    40    ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


side  walls  in  such  a  way  that  the  lower  tier 
is  in  contact  with  the  ground,  thus  offset- 
ting the  benefits  (from  a  termite-damage- 
prevention  standpoint)  of  the  concrete 
foundation  that  may  have  been  properly 
placed  (Fig.  24).  The  small  cracks  be- 
tween shingles  placed  on  the  outside  walls 
afford  splendid  runways  at  a  minimum  of 
labor  on  the  part  of  the  insects,  and  alates 
have  been  known  to  swarm  in  the  second 
story  of  a  building  so  constructed. 

"Stumps  left  under  the  house,  particu- 
larely  after  being  cut  green  and  immediate- 
ly shaded,  furnish  a  good  breeding  place 
for  termites  from  which  they  can  build  or 
otherwise  secure  entrance  into  the  house 
over  the  stump  (Fig.  25).  Such  a  condi- 
tion usually  indicated  a  cheap  and  careless 
type  of  excavation.  Not  only  should  stumps 
be  removed  before  building,  but  the  soil 
should  be  excavated  on  a  level  until  the 
foundation  stands  free  and  clear  not  less 
than  12  to  18  inches  above  the  highest 
point  in  the  soil  beneath  the  floor  ( Fig.  26 ) . 
The  contractor  who  leaves  stumps  under  a 
dwelling  often  leaves  blocks,  chips,  and 
other  debris  under  the  floor  after  the  build- 
ing is  finished,  and  these  are  a  fruitful 
source  for  breeding  a  colony  large  enough 
to  do  considerable  damage  to  the  house." 

One  practical  way  of  reducing  or  elimi- 
nating the  infestation  of  wooden  structures 
by  termites  is  to  be  found  in  proper  meth- 
ods of  construction  and  repair  of  buildings. 
The  specifications  presented  below  aim  to 
eliminate  and  protect  against  the  establish- 
ment of  reservoirs  of  termite  food  in  the  soil 
or  under  buildings,  and  to  protect  structural 
materials  of  wood  from  the  invasion  of 
termites  from  the  soil  and,  as  far  as  pos- 
sible, from  the  settlement  of  new  colonies 
at  swarming  time.  These  specifications  were 
prepared  by  the  Executive  Committee  after 
carefully  reviewing  all  available  data  and 
reports  of  the  Committee's  investigators. 


Specifications  for  Prevention 

|a)  All  stumps  and  roots  in  the  ground  to 
be  occupied  by  the  building  shall  be 
removed. 

(b)  All  foundation  walls  and  piers  shall 
be  of  concrete  or  masonry  laid  in  Port- 
land cement  mortar,  and  shall  extend 
at  all  points  at  least  six  (6)  inches 
above  the  finished  grade.  Masonry  or 
concrete  foundation  walls  shall  extend 
at  least  as  high  as  the  top  of  any  ad- 
jacent concrete  or  masonry  slab  which 
is  supported  by  either  natural  ground 
or  an  earth  fill.  All  foundation  walls 
shall  be  reinforced  with  not  less  than 
two  (2)  steel  rods,  three  eighths  {Vg,) 
inch  in  diameter,  placed  not  more  than 
four  (4)  inches  below  the  top  of  the 
v>/all.  Such  reinforcing  shall  be  con- 
tinuous throughout  the  length  of  every 
wall  and  around  all  corners.  The 
length  of  the  lap  in  every  splice  shall 
be  not  less  than  forty  (40)  times  the 
diameter  of  the  rod. 

( c )  A  termite  barrier,  as  described  in  sec- 
tion (e) ,  shall  be  installed  in  the  build- 
ing, and  all  wood  between  such  bar- 
rier and  the  ground  shall  be  No.  1 
Common  or  a  better  grade  of  lumber 
which  is  impregnated  by  pressure 
treatment  with  a  final  retention  of  not 
less  than  eight  (8)  pounds  of  No.  1 
grade  of  coal-tar  creosote  per  cubic 
foot  of  wood,  the  grade  of  creosote 
and  the  method  of  treatment  being  in 
accordance  with  specifications  of  the 
American  Wood-Preservers'  Associ- 
ation; or  such  wood  shall  be  No.  1 
Common  or  a  better  grade  of  lumber 
which  is  impregnated  by  a  pressure- 
treatment  with  such  other  equivalent 
preservative  and  equivalent  method  as 
may  hereafter  be  approved.  Such 
wood  shall  be  completely  framed  be- 
fore treatment  whenever  this  is  pos- 
sible, and  when  it  is  not  possible,  the 
surfaces  exposedby  cutting  after  treat- 
ment shall  be  thoroughly  coated  with 
at  least  two  coats  of  hot  coal-tar  creo- 
sote or  other  equivalent  preservative. 

(d)  Openings  through  foundation  walls 
or  exterior  walls  shall  be  provided  for 
cross  ventilation  of  the  space  below 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    41    ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


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THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    42    ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTV-FOUR 


the  first  floor  in  every  building  in 
which  the  first  floor  is  of  wood  frame 
construction.  There  shall  be  one  open- 
ing at  least  two  (2)  square  feet  in  net 
area  within  five  (5)  feet  of  every 
corner  of  the  exterior  walls  of  the 
building,  and  there  shall  be  two  (2) 
square  feet  of  opening  for  each 
twenty-five  (25)  lineal  feet,  or  major 
fraction  thereof,  of  exterior  wall,  pro- 
vided, however,  that  such  openings 
need  not  be  placed  in  the  front  wall 
of  the  building.  Where  it  is  impos- 
sible to  obtain  such  ventilation,  all 
floors  lacking  subfloor  ventilation  and 
their  supporting  structures  shall  be 
constructed  of  concrete,  masonry,  or 
wood  pressure-treated  as  specified  in 
section  (c). 
'e)  The  termite  barrier  specified  in  sec- 
tion (c)  shall  be  so  constructed  as  to 
completely  cut  off  all  access  of  termites 
from  the  ground  to  all  untreated  wood 
above  said  barrier.  The  barrier  shall 
be  made  of  material  impenetrable  by 
termites,  such  as  reinforced  concrete, 
non-corrosible  metal,  metal  lath  and 
plaster,  or  tongue  and  groove  or  ship- 
lap  wood  pressure-treated  as  specified 
in  section  (c).  All  wood  between  this 
barrier  and  the  ground  shall  be  pres- 
sure-treated as  specified  in  section 
(c). 

Floor  joists  shall  have  a  clearance 
of  not  less  than  eighteen  (18)  inches 
between  the  joists  and  the  surface  of 
the  ground  underneath.  The  ground 
underneath  floor  joists  shall  be  leveled 
or  smoothed  off  so  as  to  maintain  a 
reasonably  even  surface  under  the  en- 
tire area  covered  by  the  floor  joists. 

(f)  Wood  laid  on  concrete  which  is  in 
contact  with  the  earth,  such  as  sleep- 
ers, joists,  subflooring,  and  attendant 
construction,  shall  be  impregnated 
with  an  approved  preservative,  as  spe- 
cified in  section  (c). 

(g)  The  ends  of  wood  members  entering 
masonry  or  concrete  shall  not  be  seal- 
ed in,  but  shall  be  provided  with  re- 
cesses or  with  metal  wall  boxes  af- 
fording an  air  space  at  the  end  of  the 
piece  of  not  less  than  one    ( 1  )    inch 


at  each  side  of  the  member,  or  all  sur- 
faces of  the  member  within  one  ( 1 ) 
foot  of  the  end  shall  be  painted  with 
at  least  two  (2)  coats  of  hot  coal-tar 
creosote  or  other  approved  preserva- 
tive, unless  the  members  as  a  whole 
are  impregnated  with  coal-tar  creo- 
sote or  other  approved  preservative  as 
specified  in  paragraph  (c). 

( h )  All  wood  forms  which  have  been  used 
in  placing  concrete,  if  within  the 
ground  or  less  than  eighteen  (18) 
inches  above  the  ground,  shall  be  re- 
moved by  the  contractor.  No  waste 
wood  shall  be  buried  by  the  contractor 
in  any  fill  or  otherwise. 

(i)  Before  completion  of  the  building,  all 
loose  and  casual  wood  shall  be  remov- 
ed by  the  contractor  from  direct  con- 
tact with  the  ground. 

( j )  For  ground  treatment  under  and 
around  dwellings  the  following  chem- 
icals may  be  used:  saturated  aqueous 
solution  of  copper  sulfate  or  of  sodium 
fluosilicate;  or  a  10  per  cent  aqueous 
solution  of  borax;  or  a  full-strength 
crude  liquid  orthodichloro-benzene;  or 
crystalline  paradichlorbenzene. 

(k)  In  case  a  building  material  containing 
arsenic  or  other  poison  is  used  in  a 
building,  such  material  shall  carry  a 
permanent  label  on  every  square  yard 
of  material,  stating:  "Poisoned  with 
arsenic  (or  other  substance)."  In  case 
the  soil  under  or  around  a  dwelling 
has  been  treated  with  arsenic  or  other 
poison,  a  permanent  sign  shall  be  in- 
stalled, saying:  "Poisoned  with  arse- 
nic (or  otfier  poison) ". 

These  specifications,  if  properly  carried 
out,  are  regarded  as  being  adequate  to  pro- 
tect buildings  from  damage  by  termites 
coming  from  the  soil. 

The  Los  Angeles  Termite  Ordinance 

The  recent  "termite  ordinance"  adopted 
by  the  Los  Angeles  City  Council  contains, 
among  others,  the  following  provisions: 
"Mudsills,  caps,  pier  blocks,  posts,  cross- 
bridging  girders,  and  first  floor  joists,  and. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    43    ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


for  the  purpose  of  this  section,  all  lumber 
used  in  the  underpinning  up  to  but  not  in- 
cluding the  sub-floor  shall  be  treated  with 
pure  coal-tar  creosote,  or  with  such  other 
equivalent  preservative  as  may  be  approved 
by  the  Board  of  Building  and  Safety  Com- 
missioners." This  Los  Angeles  ordinance 
is  a  step  in  the  right  direction  but  still  per- 
mits the  use  of  untreated  siding  at  or  near 
the  ground  line  and  failed  to  provide  a 
termite  barrier  by  not  requiring  the  sub- 
floor  to  be  tongue  and  groove  or  shiplap 
pressure-treated  lumber,  thus  making  it 
possible  for  termites  to  construct  covered 
runways  and  reach  the  unprotected  lumber 
above. 

As  additional  cities  revise  their  building 
ordinances,  as  was  done  at  Los  Angeles, 
requiring  the  use  of  treated  lumber  at  or 
near  the  ground  in  new  buildings,  thus  shut- 
ting off  further  additions  to  the  present 
available  food  supply,  existing  structures, 
many  of  which  have  thus  far  escaped  dam- 
age, will  be  attacked.  As  the  v/oods  most 
favored  by  termites  as  a  source  of  food 
supply  become  unavailable,  they  will  seek 
the  less  palatable  woods  and  invade  struc- 
tures hitherto  considered  immune  to  attack. 
As  was  pointed  out  earlier,  the  less  palat- 
able woods  such  as  cedar,  cypress,  and 
redwood  are  destroyed  by  termites  when 
the  more  desirable  woods  are  not  available. 
The  additional  cost  of  using  pressure 
treated  wood  is  nominal  indeed  when  the 
inconveniences  and  cost  of  later  repairs  is 
considered.  When  the  termite  control  or- 
dinance was  being  considered  by  the  Los 
Angeles  City  Council,  it  was  shown  that 
the  use  of  pressure-treated  lumber  for  foun- 
dation timbers  and  underpinning  would  not 
add  more  than  $75.00  to  the  cost  of  an 
average  5-room  home.  During  the  period 
from  September  1,  1929,  to  August  15, 
1931,  there  were  4,201  repair  jobs  due  to 
damage  by  termites  and  related  organisms 


reported  to  the  Los  Angeles  County  Agri- 
cultural Commissioner  at  an  average  cost 
of  $103.38  per  job,  aggregating  $434,302.- 
82.  In  another  county  in  southern  Cali- 
fornia 440  cases  of  repairs  to  buildings 
were  reported  to  the  Committee  by  a  ter- 
mite control  operator  as  being  occasioned 
by  subterranean  termite  damage,  dry-wood 
termite  damage,  and  wood  decay,  costing 
on  an  average  $269.38  per  job.  These 
amounts  do  not  include  sums  spent  on  re- 
habilitation of  structures,  such  as  replas- 
tering  walls,  painting,  or  other  items  not 
directly  due  to  damage  by  termites. 

An  interesting  opportunity  was  offered  to 
appraise  the  damage  done  by  subterranean 
termites  when  some  fifty  contiguous  dwell- 
ings were  torn  down  at  Berkeley  to  pro- 
vide space  for  the  erection  of  a  new  gym- 
nasium and  athletic  field  at  the  University 
of  California.  Four  adjacent  city  blocks 
were  cleared  of  buildings  varying  in  age 
from  ten  to  sixty  years.  Of  the  fifty  build- 
ings inspected  forty-five  were  damaged  by 
termites.  Estimates  of  the  cost  of  repair- 
ing the  damaged  structures  ranged  from 
five  dollars  on  a  recent  building  to  two 
thousand  on  an  older  one  in  the  same  block. 

Improved  Construction  Methods 
Urged 

The  conditions  created  by  the  rapid  in- 
crease in  the  extent  of  damage  caused  by 
these  insects  can  only  be  met  by  improved 
construction  methods.  In  recent  years  the 
wood-preserving  industry  has  made  mark- 
ed progress  in  the  refinement  of  coal-tar 
creosote.  The  Reilly  Laboratories,  Indian- 
apolis, specialists  in  coal-tar  refining  have 
made  available  a  blended  creosote  oil  of 
remarkably  penetrating  qualities  that  does 
not  discolor  wood  when  treated.  There  is 
now  available  a  creosote  oil  for  every  wood 
preservation  need. 

[Please  turn  to  page  48] 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^      44      ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Engineering 

and 

Building    Construction 


PORTALS  OF  THE  FUTURE,  MARIN  TOWER, 
GOLDEN  GATE  BRIDGE 


^    45    ► 


PROGRESS  WORK  ON  GOLDEN  GATE  BRIDGE 


It 


)ESS  than  4000  tons 
of  structural  steel  remain  to  be  erected  on 
the  Marin  tower  of  the  Golden  Gate  Bridge 
to  bring  it  to  its  final  elevation  of  746  feet. 


Up  to  April  1  over  18,600  tons  of  steel 
had  been  erected  in  the  Marin  tower,  which 
now  has  the  distinction  of  being  the  loft- 
iest structure  in  the  west,  having  attained 
an  elevation  of  nearly  700  feet. 

With  the  tower  elevation  steadily  mount- 
ing 20  gangs  of  riveters  are  at  work  on  the 
structure,  driving  from  3600  to  5000  rivets 
a  day. 


WORKMEN  ON  MARIN  TOWER,  GOLDEN  GATE  BRIDGE.  REMIND  ONE  OF 
WORLD  WAR  BUDDIES  WEARING  FRENCH  HELMETS 


46   ^ 


As  the  height  of  the  tower  has  increased 
a  problem  has  arisen  in  the  protection  of 
the  riveters  from  lead  poisoning  due  to  the 
fumes  generated  when  the  white-hot  rivets 
have  come  in  contact  with  the  protective 
coat  of  red  lead  paint  placed  on  the  tower 
in  the  eastern  fabricating  plants..  As 
the  result  riveters  engaged  on  the  job 
are  now  required,  not  only  to  wear  the  steel 
helmets  prescribed  by  safety  regulations 
to  protect  them  against  falling  material,  but 
must  wear  gas  masks  similar  to  those  used 
in  the  trenches  during  the  world  war,  to 
guard  them  against  the  deadly  lead  fumes. 

Electric  Welding 

As  the  tower  erection  has  proceeded  the 
task  of  electrically  welding  the  lower 
members  to  the  base  plates,  resting  on  the 
surface  of  the  concrete  pier,  has  been  pro- 


ceeding. This  welding  job  was  completed 
on  the  inside  of  the  tower  members  during 
the  month  just  past  and  the  work  of  weld- 
ing the  outside  started. 

Meanwhile,  the  Pacific  Bridge  company, 
pier  contractor,  has  been  concentrating  on 
the  work  on  the  south  pier,  1100  feet  off 
old  Fort  Winfield  Scott,  on  the  San  Fran- 
cisco side  of  the  Golden  Gate.  The  guide 
tower,  which  will  be  utilized  in  lowering 
the  first  fender  section  into  place,  has  been 
completed  as  well  as  the  steel  truss  spans 
connecting  the  tower  with  the  end  of  the 
trestle. 

Three  shifts  of  workers  on  the  derrick 
barge  Ajax  are  engaged  in  final  excavation 
operations  for  the  south  pier  and  fender. 

Pouring  "Tremie"  Concrete 

During  the  latter  part  of  March  the  con- 
crete base  around   the   legs  of  the   guide 


golden  gate  bridge  as  visualized  by  bancamerica  artist 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    47    ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


tower  at  the  end  of  the  reconstructed  access 
trestle  was  poured.  The  base  form  of  the 
first  fender  section  was  lowered  into  posi- 
tion and  "tremie"  concrete  poured  into  it. 
The  "tremie"  concrete  is  concrete  of  the 
usual  mix  poured  by  the  so-called  "tremie" 
method  which  is  used  in  under  water  work, 
involving  the  use  of  a  tube  to  convey  the 
concrete  mixture  to  the  under  water  forms. 
In  all,  five  forms  will  be  required  to  bring 
the  first  fender  section  to  the  elevation  of 
the  trestle,  following  which  subsequent 
forms  will  be  sunk  into  position  using  the 
completed  first  form  in  the  place  of  the 
guide  tower. 

With  this  work  going  on  the  final  blast- 
ing and  excavation  at  the  northeast  quarter 
of  the  fender  area  is  under  way  and  will 
be  completed  as  rapidly  as  possible. 

The  caisson  for  the  south  pier  is  being 
completed  at  the  Moore  Shipyards  on  Oak- 
land estuary.  It  now  draws  28  feet  of 
water  and  the  caisson  cofferdam  is  being 
built  higher  and  pneumatic  facilities  are 
being  installed. 

Shafts  of  Pylon  Si 
The  two  immense  concrete  shafts  of 
Pylon  SI,  fronting  Fort  Winfield  Scott, 
have  now  reached  the  elevation  of  the  con- 
necting arch  which  will  tie  them  together 
under  the  200-foot  roadway  level  and  rein- 
forcing steel  and  wooden  forms  are  being 
placed  in  preparation  for  pouring  the  con- 
crete in  this  stage  of  the  pylon  construction. 
Steel  for  the  San  Francisco  tower  total- 
ing 3,847  tons  has  been  fabricated  to  date 
and  26.4  per  cent  of  the  total  required  cable 
wire  has  been  drawn,  inspected  and  ac- 
cepted. More  than  300  tons  of  cable  wire 
have  been  completed.  Cable  bands  and 
strand  shoes  also  are  in  process  of  manu- 
facture at  the  Trenton,  New  Jersey  plant 
of  the  contractors. 

Pylon   N-1    on   the   Marin   side  of    the 
Golden  Gate,  has  been  concreted  to  an  ele- 


vation of  187  feet  above  sea  level  and  work 
on  this  structure  has  been  discontinued,  not 
to  be  resumed  until  the  main  cables  have 
been  completed. 

Viaduct  on  Schedule 

Work  on  the  high  viaduct  of  the  Presi- 
dio approach  road,  consisting  of  excavat- 
ing and  concreting  the  footings  for  the  west 
approach,  has  been  progressing  according 
to  schedule  with  results  that  are  now  be- 
coming increasingly  apparent  to  motorists 
and  other  visitors  in  the  Presidio  reserva- 
tion. 

The  average  number  of  men  employed 
on  the  bridge  proper  in  March  was  375. 


TERMITES  AND  TERMITE 
CONTROL 

[Concluded  from  Page  44] 

There  is  no  possibility  of  eradicating  ter- 
mites. They  have  existed  for  millions  of 
years  and  will  continue  to  exist  despite 
anything  man  can  do  about  it,  Professor 
Charles  A.  Kofoid  says.  But  their  major 
damage  can  be  controlled.  He  adds: 
'Wood  is  the  material  best  suited  for  homes 
in  an  earthquake  country.  It  is  economical 
to  use.  It  is  esthetically  enjoyable.  We  love 
the  feel  of  it  and  to  live  with  it.  We  enjoy 
its  patterns  and  colors.  It  lends  itself  to 
the  hand  of  the  craftsman  and  to  the  human 
needs  of  change.  It  can  be  safely  used  in 
the  face  of  the  termite  menace.  In  a  well- 
built  city  controlled  by  a  proper  building 
code,  termite  danger  will  be  reduced,  the 
spread  of  infestation  will  be  checked,  home 
investments  conserved,  and  the  earthquake 
hazard  reduced." 


ARCHITECT  MOVES 
A.  R.  Williams,  architect,  has  moved  to 
Room  408,  251  Post  Street  in  the  Mercedes 
Building,  San  Francisco.  Mr.  Williams 
formerly  occupied  offices  with  Henry  C. 
Smith  in  the  Humboldt  Bank  Building. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    48   ► 


APHIL.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


DESIGN  FOR  VERTICAL  LIFT  BRIDGE 

Joseph  B.  Strauss,  Engineer 


AN  ORNAMENTAL  DESIGN  FOR  VERTICAL 
LIFT  BRIDGE 


* 


UST  recently  a 
design  of  vertical  lift  bridge  has  been 
brought  out  which  represents  a  very  dis- 
tinct step  toward  overcoming  the  draw- 
back to  the  lifting  type  of  bridge  from  the 
standpoint     of     architectural     appearance. 


by 

FREDERICK  W.  JONES 

This  bridge,  pictured  here  for  the  first  time 
in  any  publication,  is  a  product  of  Joseph 
B.  Strauss,  President  and  Chief  Engineer 
of  the  Strauss  Engineering  Corporation, 
and  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Golden  Gate 
Bridge. 

The   new   design   of    lift   bridge   differs 
radically  from  other  designs  in  that  the  lift 


^    49    ► 


span  is  provided  with  out-riggers  which 
straddle  the  tower  on  either  side  and  ex- 
tend to  a  point  midway  (longitudinally)  of 
the  tower,  where  they  connect  to  the  coun- 
terweight cables  in  the  customary  manner. 
The  counterweight  sheaves  at  the  top  of 
the  tower  are  located  close  to  the  tower 
sides  and  at  right  angles  to  the  axis  of  the 
bridge,  the  cables  passing  over  the  sheaves 
and  connecting  with  the  counterweight 
near  its  two  ends. 

The  tower  itself  is  a  rectangular  struc- 
ture, relatively  narrow  or  slender,  and  com- 
pletely encloses  the  counterweight.  This 
permits  architectural  treatment  which  can- 
not be  otherwise  obtained  and  also  contrib- 
utes to  structural  efficiency.  The  architec- 
tural treatment  embraces  open  lattice  work 
above  the  top  chord  of  the  truss  of  the  lift- 
ing span  and  a  panel  section  at  the  foot 
of  the  tower.  The  operator's  house  is  in- 
tegral with  the  panel  section,  permitting  an 
unobstructed  view  for  the  operator  and  at 
the  same  time  harmonizing  with  the  archi- 
tectural  treatment.     This  construction   re- 


moves the  operating  house  from  the  center 
of  the  lift  span  where  it  has  hitherto  been 
placed  and  where  it  adds  to  the  load  and 
produces  an  unsightly  hump. 

The  construction  lends  itself  to  very  ef- 
fective lighting  of  the  structure,  particu- 
larly to  the  flood  lighting  of  the  upper  por- 
tion of  the  towers.  The  flood  lights  are 
placed  at  the  top  of  the  panel  section  where 
they  are  readily  accessible  for  attention. 

This  design  is  evidence  that  it  is  possible 
to  treat  even  extreme  designs  such  as  a  ver- 
tical lift  bridge  with  as  much  architectural 
thought  as  a  building,  and  it  is  gratifying 
to  note  that  engineers  are  recognizing  this 
fact.  Present  day  tendencies  are  to  beau- 
tify our  highways  by  eliminating  billboards 
and  other  eye-sores.  In  most  instances 
there  is  no  longer  any  excuse  for  such  un- 
sightly objects  along  our  thoroughfares,  be 
they  for  commercial  or  for  practical  needs. 
Bridges  are  no  exception.  The  new  lift 
bridge  design  points  the  way  to  the  elimi- 
nation of  another  of  the  unsightly  bridge 
types  to  which  we  have  been  accustomed. 


Photo  by  Ansel  Adams  in  Camera  Craft 

NEW  BIG  TREES  LODGE,  MARIPOSA  GROVE.  YOSEMITE  NATL.  PARK 

Eldridge  T.  Spencer.  Architect 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    50    ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


DESIGN  OF  EARTHQUAKE  RESISTIVE 
CONSTRUCTION 


% 


HE  science  of  design 
with  reference  to  adequately  and  economic- 
ally providing  for  seismic  forces  induced 
into  any  given  structure  or  building  by  the 
accelerations  produced  by  earthquake 
shock  or  violent  slippage  of  the  earth's 
crust  along  fault  lines,  is  a  comparatively 
new  science  and  there  is  entire  lack  of  prec- 
edent in  the  solution  and  interpretation  of 
the  many  problems  confronting  the  struc- 
tural engineer  in  his  effort  to  work  out  de- 
signs that  are  feasible  and  practicable  and 
at  the  same  time  reasonable  in  cost.  These 
problems  are  especially  difficult  to  solve 
satisfactorily  when  consideration  is  given 
to  the  strengthening  or  reconstruction  of 
certain  types  of  existing  buildings,  con- 
structed essentially  of  rigid  friable  mate- 
rial which,  although  comparatively  unyield- 
ing and  inflexible  in  itself,  possesses  the 
inherent  quality  that  when  subjected  to 
severe  earthquake  shock  it  is  quite  likely  to 
be  so  deficient  in  strength  that  it  will  fail. 
While  it  must  be  admitted  that  this  haz- 
ardous condition  is  due  in  very  large  part 
to  the  indifferent  and  incompetent  work- 
manship that  has  in  the  past  entered  into 
the  construction  of  our  building  structures, 
nevertheless  it  is  a  condition  that  must  be 


Editor's  Note — A  talk  before  the  Structural  Eng 
Northern  California  at  the  Engineer's  Ciub.  S 
!5,  1934. 


by 

C.  H.  KROMER,  C.  E. 

acknowledged  and  faced  and  the  necessary 
work  done  to  give  reasonable  assurance 
that  the  building  in  question  will  be  made 
safe. 

Layman  Should  be  Tolerant 

The  ingenuity  of  both  the  structural  en- 
gineer and  the  architect  is  being  taxed  to 
the  utmost  to  provide  designs  for  this  re- 
construction work  that  are  reasonable, 
economical  and  feasible  and  too  much  crit- 
icism should  not  come  to  those  engaged  in 
such  designs  if  their  system  for  providing 
for  lateral  forces  should  need  considerable 
revision  or  if  the  same  speed  is  not  made  in 
the  preparation  of  plans  as  has  formerly 
prevailed.  The  very  fact  that  the  work  is 
more  involved  and  tedious  should  be  given 
tolerant  consideration.  Likewise  a  similar 
tolerant  consideration  should  be  given  the 
California  Division  of  Architecture  if  ap- 
proval of  work  is  not  expedited  with  such 
speed  as  the  ordinary  laymen  expects  of 
the  architect  and  the  engineer.  Knowledge 
has  had  to  be  acquired  and  men  trained. 
As  all  of  us  obtain  more  experince  in  this 
work,  our  designs  will  become  more  eco- 
nomical and  be  more  efficiently  prepared. 

The  State  quite  fortunately  had  a  small 
group  who  have  for  a  number  of  years  been 
taking  account  of  seismic  forces  in  the  de- 
sign of  the  State's  buildings.  These  were 
augmented  upon  passage  of  the  Safety  of 


^    51    ► 


School  Construction  Act  by  a  number  of 
especially  well  qualified  structural  engi- 
neers from  private  practice.  This  group 
served  as  a  nucleus  around  which  our  or- 
ganization has  been  built  and  which  serves 
not  only  to  check  such  plans  as  may  be 
submitted,  but  to  give  such  advice  and  as- 
sistance upon  submission  of  the  preliminary 
scheme  of  design,  as  lies  within  our  prov- 
ince. A  great  mass  of  data  has  been  accu- 
mulated and  it  is  unfortunate  that  due  to 
lack  of  both  personnel  and  finances  this 
data  cannot  be  assembled  and  made  read- 
ily available  to  the  profession. 

Reason  for  Past  Fait.urf.s 

Upon  first  thought,  the  preparation  of 
designs  for  lateral  force  resistive  construc- 
tion seems  relatively  simple,  but  upon  more 
mature  consideration  it  is  discovered  that 
quite  a  different  view  point  must  be  assum- 
ed from  that  formerly  taken.  No  longer 
can  the  interaction  of  one  material  with  ref- 
erence to  another  in  the  same  structure  be 
ignored  even  though  not  immediately  ad- 
jacent. It  is  discovered  upon  analysis  that 
we  have  in  the  past  made  assumptions  that 
resulted  in  construction  that  was  less  safe 
than  we  had  thought.  Even  for  purely  ver- 
tical loads  there  has  been  sufficient  restraint 
to  induce  flexural  stresses  and  strains  into 
vertical  supports  but  where  lateral  forces 
of  considerable  intensity  are  given  consid- 
eration, we  are  at  once  forced  to  the  con- 
clusion that  the  interaction  of  the  horizon- 
tal and  vertical  framed  members  and  of 
such  diaphragms  as  are  present,  whether 
trussed  or  solid,  is  all  important. 

A  large  portion  of  the  minor  failures  that 
have  occurred  in  the  past  for  existing  con- 
struction is  undoubtedly  due  to  lack  of  con- 
sideration of  this  condition.  We  have, 
therefore,  a  new  science  of  structural  de- 
sign in  which  analysis  is  primarily  based 
upon  a  comparison  of  the  deflections  and 
of  the  rigidities  of   the  various  materials 


entering  into  the  construction  of  any  given 
structure. 

Considerable  thought  has  been  given  and 
a  great  deal  of  discussion  has  taken  place 
in  the  technical  publications  both  in  this 
country  and  in  Europe,  with  reference  to 
simplification  in  methods  of  rigid  frame- 
design,  resulting  not  only  in  increasing  our 
knowledge  with  reference  to  this  subject 
but  in  evolving  simpler  and  bolder  designs 
than  had  formerly  been  attempted. 

The  ideal  construction  is  that  in  which 
all  elements  deflect  equally,  with  the  deflec- 
tion so  limited  as  not  to  unduly  alarm  the 
occupants  of  the  building  and  be  within 
the  safe  limits  of  the  element  considered. 
The  best  that  we  can  hope  to  attain  is  to  so 
limit  the  relative  deflections  of  the  various 
elements  in  any  given  structure  that  no 
undue  hazard  is  created.  Where  masonry 
buildings  are  strengthened  by  means  of 
frame  construction,  the  deflection  of  the 
frame,  as  well  as  of  the  masonry,  must  be 
so  limited  that  it  will  be  less  than  that 
which  would  produce  failure  in  the  mas- 
onry with  hazard  to  the  occupants.  If  there 
is  any  doubt  as  to  whether  failure  in  the 
masonry  will  reach  the  point  where  it  may 
possibly  fall  out  and  jeopardize  life,  it 
should  be  positively  kept  in  place  by  pro- 
viding a  continuous  membrane  covering 
such  as  gunite  —  adequately  anchored  at 
supports  and  designed  to  serve  the  purpose 
for  which  it  was  intended. 

A  Light  Flexible  Design 
In  one  case  at  least,  an  attempt  is  being 
made  to  break  away  from  precedent  and 
to  design  a  school  building  which  will  be 
so  light  and  flexible  that  it  will  offer  a  mini- 
mum of  resistance  and  in  which  all  rigid 
elements  are  either  omitted  or  isolated. 
Plans  are  in  course  of  preparation  and 
when  approved  will  be  followed  by  others 
of  similar  design. 

The  scheme  as  outlined  by  the  architect 
contemplates  a  steel  frame  resting  on  con- 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    52    ► 


APRII,.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Crete  footings  which  will  in  itself  resist  lat- 
eral earthquake  or  wind  loads  without  the 
assistance  of  any  other  materials  which 
may  be  applied  thereto.  It  is  the  intention 
that  all  other  materials  attached  to  this  steel 
frame  will  be  flexible  and  in  no  way  inter- 
fere with  or  resist  the  calculated  deflection 
of  the  steel. 

All  resistance  to  lateral  loads  is  provided 
for  by  two  lines  of  corridor  columns,  this 
being  true  for  lateral  loads  applied  parallel 
to  either  axis  of  the  building.  The  exterior 
columns  are  designed  to  support  only  such 
gravity  loads  as  are  tributary  to  them. 
Floor  and  roof  beams  framing  into  these 
exterior  columns  is  to  be  of  such  design 
that  only  a  negligible  amount  of  moment  is 
resisted  thereby.  The  resistance  to  over- 
turning is  to  be  entirely  cared  for  by  the 
interior  columns  and  column  footings.  The 
second  floor  and  roof  construction  is  to 
have  a  steel  deck  which  is  welded  to  the 
trusses  forming  the  floor  construction.  This 
deck  is  figured  as  a  diaphragm  to  transmit 
lateral  loads  in  a  direction  at  right  angles 
to  the  axis  of  the  corridors,  consequently  it 
will  be  necessary  that  the  details  be  care- 
fully worked  out,  especially  along  the  lines 
of  the  perimeter  of  the  diaphragm,  and  that 
connections  between  individual  units  be 
such  as  will  give  positive  assurance  of  dia- 
phragm action. 

Main  Points  Summarized 
Some  of  the  principal  points  involved  are 
as  follows:  — 

1.  The  use  of  "Robertson"  or  "Truscon" 
steel  deck  floor. 

2.  A  one  inch  thickness  of  "Thermax"  is 
used  to  provide  the  required  one  hour 
fire  resistance  required  for  corridors. 

3.  The  construction  of  the  exterior  walls 
in  the  use  of  ply-metal,  consisting  of 
sheet  copper  cemented  to  1 "  Thermax. 
This  construction  is  not  in  conformity 
with  the  requirements  of  the  Uniform 
Building  Code,  Pacific  Coast  Building 


Officials  Conference  with  reference  to 
fire  resistance  for  Type  3  buildings  but 
nevertheless  merits  consideration.    The 
Type  3  building  exterior  walls  have  a 
fire  rating  of  four  hours  whereas  the  1" 
thickness  of  Thermax  would  probably 
not  rate  longer  than  one  hour.    On  the 
other  hand  the  large  relative  amount  of 
exterior  area  devoted  to  window  glass 
should  be  taken  into  consideration. 
Lateral  loads  at  90  degrees  thereto  or 
parallel  to  the  corridor  are  resisted  by  dia- 
phragms which   are  inserted   in   the   floor 
construction  as  shown  by  the  typical  roof 
and  second  floor  framing  plan  and  which, 
acting  as  cantilevers,  will  transmit  loads  to 
the  center  corridor  columns. 

Deflections  as  calculated  by  the  archi- 
tect are  as  follows:  — 

First  story  parallel  with  the  corridor  .32  in. 
Second  "  "  "        "  "        .1 1  in. 

First       "        at  right  angles  to     "        .45  in. 
Second  "  "  "        "  "        .23  in. 

Column  foundations  are  to  be  individual 
spread  footings,  all  of  which  will  be  con- 
nected by  a  reinforced  concrete  slab  over 
the  entire  ground  area  which  will  later  form 
the  first  floor  of  the  structure  in  addition  to 
acting  as  a  diaphragm  and  footing  tie.  All 
materials  entering  into  the  construction  of 
the  building  are  to  be  used  in  a  manner 
that  they  will  in  no  way  interfere  with  the 
action  of  the  steel  frame.  Any  flexible 
material  used  adjacent  to  the  steel  frame 
would  seriously  interfere  with  the  calcul- 
ated action  thereof.  It  is  estimated  that  the 
total  dead  load  above  the  reinforced  con- 
crete foundation  slab  be  reduced  75  to  80% 
of  the  prequake  masonry  school  structure 
and  that  the  center  of  gravity  will  be  drop- 
ped several  feet  for  a  building  that  will  not 
in  any  way  dangerously  deteriorate  during 
its  logical  life. 

As  has  already  been  stated,  the  major 
portion  of  the  exterior  walls  is  devoted  to 
window  areas.    The  balance  of  the  wall 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEI-.R 


^    53    ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


area  will  be  covered  with  sheet  copper,  the 
sheet  copper  cemented  to  Thermax.  The 
ceilings  of  the  classrooms  are  to  have  two 
layers  of  Thermax  added  to  the  steel  trus- 
ses. The  corridors  and  cross  partitions  will 
be  protected  with  Thermax  as  detailed. 
The  type  of  construction  just  described  is 
for  an  entirely  new  building.  In  such  a  case 
the  designer  has  absolute  freedom  of  ac- 
tion in  accomplishing  what  is  necessary  to 
be  done. 

Some  Solutions  to  Problems 
For  your  information  and  to  illustrate 
what  is  being  done  by  other  engineers  and 
architects  and  to  inform  you  regarding 
some  of  the  problems  involved,  it  was 
thought  that  it  might  be  well  to  first  give 
certain  of  the  more  simple  solutions  that 
have  been  approved  and  then  to  give  an 
outline  of  a  typical  building  problem  in  con- 
nection with  work  now  going  on  in  Los 
Angeles.  This  problem  was  presented  to 
the  Architectural  -  Structural  Engineering 
Advisory  Committee  and  has  since  been 
adopted  by  structural  engineers  preparing 
plans  for  the  Los  Angeles  City  School  Dis- 
trict. 

The  first  illustrations  are  with  reference 
to  existing  one-story  masonry  buildings 
with  roof  and  interior  floors  and  roof  of 
wood  construction.  The  building  has  not 
the  requisite  lateral  resistance  and  is  to  be 
strengthened. 

One  set  of  plans  which  we  approved, 
provided  that  all  masonry  walls  were  to  be 
removed  and  replaced  with  wood  studs. 
The  mortar  in  these  walls  was  of  very  little 
or  no  value.  The  roof  was  stiffened  and 
all  inter-connecting  or  adjacent  units  tied 
together  so  as  to  reduce  the  relative  move- 
ments. Full  advantage  was  taken  of  both 
the  roof  and  wall  sheathing  to  transfer  in- 
duced loads  although  the  deflectors  were 
of  no  consequence. 

Another   solution   to   a   similar   problem 


was  to  remove  the  outer  four  inches  of  brick 
and  replace  with  a  similar  thickness  of  gun- 
ite.  Where  this  serves  as  a  bearing  wall 
it  has  been  customary  to  grooved  the  brick 
wall  at  intervals  so  as  to  provide  minor  col- 
umns 8j<2"xl2"  in  size,  when  used  in  con- 
nection with  an  existing  13"  brick  wall. 
The  remaining  portion  of  the  brick  wall  is 
thus  definitely  bonded  to  the  gunite  face 
and  column  pilasters.  A  horizontal  bracing 
system  was  provided  in  the  ceiling  space 
so  framed  and  tied  as  to  transfer  the  lateral 
loads  to  rigid  vertical  diaphragms  or  walls. 
Still  another  method  was  to  remove  the 
masonry  walls,  replacing  them  with  steel 
studs  and  a  gunite  facing  with  a  horizontal 
truss  in  steel  at  the  ceiling  and  with  rigid 
cross  bents  in  steel  or  concrete.  In  all  cases 
where  the  building  was  of  any  consequence 
a  definite  frame,  consisting  of  steel  columns 
and  spandrel  beams,  has  been  provided  to 
support  the  bearing  load  along  the  exterior 
walls,  the  steel  studs  and  gunite  slab  form- 
ing a  panel  wall  only. 

Braced  or  Portal  Frame 
Numerous  other  examples  might  be  given 
you,  if  time  permitted,  of  illustrative  types. 
However,  I  shall  confine  myself  to  a  some- 
what detailed  discussion  of  a  type  of  de- 
sign that  has  been  given  considerable 
thought  on  the  part  of  the  Division  of 
Architecture  and  the  conclusions  hereafter 
stated  are  the  result  of  such  joint  consid- 
eration. This  is  the  problem  previously  re- 
ferred to  as  having  been  presented  to  the 
Advisory  Committee. 

The  problem  involves  the  installation  of 
a  braced  or  portal  frame  into  a  two-story 
masonry  wall  building  without  alteration  of 
the  masonry  walls,  save  for  the  installa- 
tion of  occasional  gunite  pilasters  designed 
to  provide  tranverse  wall  support. 

A  determination  of  the  rationalism  of 
any  such  design  can  only  be  made  by  anal- 
ysis of  what  effect  the  application  of  lat- 
eral force  to  the  building  as  a  whole  will 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


<^    54   ► 


APRIL,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Estimator's  Guide 

Giving  Cost  of  Building  Materials,  Wage  Scale,  Etc. 

Owing  to  the  various  crafts  accepting  the  NRA  code  of  fair  competition,  in  some  cases 
they  have  adopted  a  schedule  of  prices,  and  it  therefore  would  be  advisable  to  get  in 
touch  with  these  firms  direct. 

Amounts  quoted  are  figuring  prices  and  are  made  up  from  average  quotations  furnished 
by  material  houses   to   three   leading   contracting    firms   of   San   Francisco. 

NOTE — Add  2%%  Sale  Tax  on  all  materials  but  not  labor. 


All  prices  and  wages  quoted  are  for 
San  Francisco  and  ttie  Bay  District. 
There  may  be  slight  fluctuation  of 
prices  in  the  interior  and  southern 
part  of  the  state.  Freight  cartage,  at 
least,  must  be  added  in  figuring  coun- 
try work. 


Bond — 1%%   amount   of   contract. 

Brickwork — • 

Common,  .|35  to  140  per  1000  laid, 
(according  to  class  of  work). 

Face,  $75  to  .?90  per  1000  laid,  ac- 
cording to  class  of  work). 

Brick  Steps,  using  pressed  brick, 
$1.10  lin.  ft. 

Brick  Walls,  using  pressed  brick  on 
edge,  60c  sq.  ft.  (Foundations  ex- 
tra.) 

Brick  Veneer  on  frame  buildings, 
1.75  sq.  ft. 

Common,  f.  o.  b.  cars,  $15.00  job 
cartage. 

Face,  f.o.b.  cars,  ^45.00  to  $50.00  per 
lOOO,  carload  lots. 

HOLLOW  TILE  FIREPROOFING   (f.o.b.  job) 

3x12x12  in $  84.00  per  M 

4x12x12  in 94.50  per  M 

6x12x12  in 126..00perM 

8x12x12  in 225.00  per  M 

HOLLOW  BUILDING  TILE    (f.o.b.   job) 
carload  lota). 

8x12x5',    $  94.50 

6x12x5    !^2 73.50 

Discount  5%. 

Composition  Floors  —  ISc  to  35c  per 

sq.  ft.  In  large  quantities,  16c  per 

I         sq.  ft.  laid. 

I 

HosaJC  Floors — 80c  per  sq.  ft. 

Dnraflex  Floor— 23c  to  30c  sq.  ft. 

Rubber  Tile — 50c  per  sq.  ft. 

lerazzo  Floors — 45c  to  60c  per  sq.  ft. 

Terazzo  Steps— $1.60  lin.  ft. 


Concrete  Work  (material  at  San  Fran- 
cisco bunkers)  —  Quotations  below 
2000  lbs.  to  the  ton.  $2.00  delivered. 

No.  3  rock,  at  bunkers $1.65  per  ton 

iNo.  4  rock,  at  bunkers 1.65  per  ton 

Elliott  top  gravel,  at  bnkrs.  1.75  per  ton 
jWashed  gravel,  at  bunkrs  1.75  per  ton 
Eliott  top  gravel,  at  bnkrs.  1.75  per  ton 
City  gravel,  at  bunkers....  1.40  per  ton 

River  sand,  at  bunkers 1.50  per  ton 

Delivered   bank    sand 120  cu.  vd. 


Jfote — Above  prices  are  subject  to  dis- 
count of  10c  per  ton  on  invoices  paid 
on  or  before  the  lJ5th  of  month,  fol- 
lowing delivery. 

3AND 

Del  Monte,  $1.75  to  $3.00  per  ton. 
Fan    Shell    Beach    (car    lots.   f.  o.  b. 

Lake  Majella),  $2.75  to   $4.00   per 

ton. 


Cement,  $2.25  per  bbl.  in  paper  sks. 
Cement   (f.o.b.)    Tob.  S.F.)   $2.90  per 

bbl. 
Cement      (f.o.b.     Job,     Oak.)     $2.90 
per  bbl. 
Rebate    of    10    cents    bbl.    cash    in    15 

days. 

Medusa  "White"  $  8.50  per  bbl. 

Forms,  Labors  average  2  5.00  per  M 
Average   cost   of   concrete   in    place, 

exclusive  of  forms,  30c  per  cu.  ft. 
4-inch  concrete  basement 

floor 12%c  to  14c  per  sq.  ft. 

4%  inch  Concrete  Basement 

floor  14%c  to  16c  per  sq.  ft. 

2-inch  rat-proofing— .6'i^c  per  sq.  ft. 
Concrete  Steps  $1.25  per  lin.  ft. 

Dampprooflng  and  AVaterproofins' — 

Two-coat  work,  l'5c  per  yard. 
Membrane    waterproofing — 4    layers 

of  saturated  felt,  $4.00  per  square. 
Hot  coating  work,  $1.80  per  square. 
Meduca  Waterproofing,  15c   per   lb., 

San  Francisco  Warehouse. 


Electric  Wiring  —  $3.00  to  $9.00  per 
outlet  for  conduit  work  (including 
switches). 

Knob  and  tube  average  $2.25  to 
$5.00  per  outlet,  including 
switches. 


Elevators — 

Prices  vary  according  to  capacity, 
speed  and  type.  Consult  elevator 
companies.  Average  cost  of  in- 
stalling an  automatic  elevator  in 
four-story  building,  $2800;  direct 
automatic,  about  $2700. 

Excavation — 

Sand,  50  cents;  clay  or  shale,  80c 
per  yard. 

Teams,  $10.00   per  day. 

Trucks,  $18  to  $25  per  day. 

Above  figures  are  an  average  with- 
out water.  Steam  shovel  work  in 
large  quantities,  less;  hard  ma- 
terial, such  as  rock,  will  run  con- 
siderably more. 

Fire  Escapes — 

Ten-foot  balcony,  with  stairs, 
$75.00  per  balcony,  averagie. 

Glass   (consult  with  manufacturers) — 
Double   strength   window  glass,   15c 

per  square  foot. 
Quartz  Lite,  50c  per  square  foot. 

Plate  8  0c  per  square  foot. 
Art,  $1.00  up  per  square  toot. 
Wire    (for  skylights),   35c   per  sq. 

foot. 
Obscure  glass,  26c  square  foot. 
Xote — Add  extra  for  setting. 


Heatings 

Average,   $1.90  per  sq.  ft.  of  radia- 
tion, according  to  conditions. 

Iron — Cost    of   ornamental    iron,   cast 
iron,  etc.,  depends  on  designs. 

Lumber  (prices  delivered  to  bldg.  site) 
Common.  $40.00  per  M. 
Common  O.P.  select,  $42.00  per  M 
(average.) 

1x6  No.  3— Form    Lumber    $28.00  per  M 

1x4  No.  1  floorin.o:  VG  - .56.00  per  M 

1x4  No.  2    flooring    .50.00  per  M 

1x4  No.  3  flooring  SS.oii  per  M 

1x6  No.  2  flooring     .52.00  per  M 

Ii4x4  and  6  No.  2  flooring  61.00  per  M 

Slash  grain — 

1x4  No.  2  flooring     $46.00  per  M 

1x4  No.  3  flooring  43.00  per  M 

No.   1  common   run  T.   &  G 42.00  per  M 

Lath     6.00  per  M 

Shingles   (add  cartage  to  prices 
quoted)  — 

Redwood.  No.   1     $  1.00  per  bdle. 

Redwood.   No.   2     SO  per  bdle. 

Red    Cedar    95  per  bdle. 

Hardwood  Flooring  (delivered  to 

building) — 

13-16.X314"  T  &  G  Maple $120.00  M  ft. 

1    1-16x214"   T  &  G   Maple   132.00  M  ft. 

%x3i/4  sq.  edge  Maple  140.00  M  ft. 

13-16x2%"     %x2"     5-16x2" 
T&G  T&G       Sq.Ed. 

Clr.  Qtd.  Oak  ....$200.00  M  $150.00  M  $180  M 
Sel.  Qtd.  Oak  ....  140.00  M  120.00  M  136  M 
Clr.  Pla.  Oak  ....  135.00  M  107.00  M  120  M 
Sel.   Pla.   Oak  ....  120.00  M       88.00  M     107  M 

Clear  Maple  140.00  M     100.00  M 

Laying  &  Finishing  13c  ft.  11  ft.  10  ft. 
Wage — Floor  layers,  $7.50  per  day. 

linilding  Paper — 

1  ply  per  1000  ft.   roll  $3.50 

2  ply  per  1000   ft.   roll B.OO 

3  ply    per    1000    ft.    roll _ 6.25 

Brownskin.  500  ft.   roll 4.20 

Pro-tect-o-mat.    1000   ft.  roll  12.00 

Sisalkraft,    500   ft.    roll __.._  B.OO 

Sash   cord   com.   No.   7   ...- $1.20  per  100  ft. 

Sash  cord  com.  No.   8  1.50  per  100  ft. 

Sash  cord  spot  No.   7   1.90  per  100  ft. 

Sash   cord  spot  No.   8   2.25  per  100  ft. 

Sash    weights   cast    iron,    $50.00   ton 

Nails.    $3.50   base. 
Sash  weights,  $45  per  ton. 

Millwork — 

O.    P.    SIOO.OO    per    1000.    R.    W.. 

S106.00  per  1000    (deivered). 

Double    hune    box    window    frames, 

average,  with  trim,  $6.50  and  up, 

each. 

Doors,  including  trim   (single  panel. 

1%    in.    Oregon    pine)    $8.00    and 

up,  each. 
Doors,    including   trim    (five    panel, 

1%  in.  Oregon  pine)  .$6.50  each. 
Screen  doors,  $4.00  each. 
Patent  screen  windows,  25c  a  sq.  ft. 
Cases  for  kitchen  pantries  seven  ft. 

high,  per  lineal  ft.,   §6.50   each. 
Dining  room  cases,   $7.00   per  lin- 
eal foot. 
Labor — Rough  carpentry,  warehouse 

heavy     framing     (average), 

$12.00   per  M. 
For  smaller  work  average,   $27.50 

to   $35.00  per   1000. 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  April,  1934 


55 


Marble— (See  Dealers) 


raintiii!; — 

Two-coat  work  29c  per  yard 

Three-coat  work  40c  per  yard 

Cold  Water  Painting  10c  per  yard 

Whitewashing  4c  per  yard 

Turpentine,  SOc  per  gal.,  in  cans  and 

715c  per  gal.  in  drums. 
Raw  Linseed   Oil^SOc  gal.   in   bbls. 
Boiled  Linseed  Oil— 85c  gal.  in  bbls. 
Medusa  Portland  Cement  Paint,  20c 
per  lb. 
Carter  or   Untcli  Boy  Wiite  Lead  in 
Oil   (in  steel  kegs). 

Per  Lb. 

1  ton  lots,  100  lbs.  net  weight  10%c 

500  lb.  and  less  than  1  ton  lots  lie 

Less  than  i500  lb.  lots ll%c 

Dutch  Boy  Dry  Red  Lead  and 
Litliars?e  (in  steel  kegs). 
1  ton  lots,  100  lb.  kegs,  net  wt.  10%c 
500  lb.  and  less  than  1  ton  lots  lie 

Less  than  500  lb.  lots ll%c 

Red  Lead  in  Oil  (in  steel  kegs) 

1  ton  lots,  100  lb.  keg  s.net.  wt.  12y2C 
500  lb.  and  less  than  1  ton  lots  12%e 

Less  than  500  lb.  lots 13c 

Note — Accessibility    and    conditions 
cause  wide  variance  of  costs. 


Patent  Cliimneys — 

6-inch $1.00  lineal  foot 

8-inch 1.50  lineal  foot 

1'0-inch 1.75  lineal  foot 

12-inch 2.00  lineal  foot 

Plastering?- Interior- 
Yard 

1  coat,  brown  mortar  only,  wood  lath., ..$0.30 

2  coats,    lime   mortar   hard  finish,   wood 
lath     60 


2  coats,  hard    wall   plaster,    wood   lath....$  .65 

3  coats,  metal    lath    and    plaster 1.20 

Keene    cement   on    metal    lath — .  1.25 

Ceilings  with  %  hot  roll  channels  metal 

lath     70 

Ceilings  with  %  hoi   roll  cnnnnels  metal 

lath   plastered   1-40 

Shingle  partition  %  channel  lath  1  side  .70 
Single  partition  %  channel   laih  2  sides 

2    inches   thick    2.70 

4-inch   double   partition   ^4    channel   lath 

2     sides    1.30 

4-inch  double  partition    %    channel   lath 

2     sides    plastered    2.60 

Plasterinjr — Kxterior — 

Yard 
2    coats    cement    finish,    brick    or    con- 
crete   wall    - $  .90 

2  coats    Atlas    cement,    brick    or    con- 
crete   wall    1.15 

'J    coata    cement    finish    No.    18    gauge 
wire    mesh    1-40 

3  coats    Medusa    finish    No.    18    gauge 
wire    mesh    1.75 

Wood    lath,    $5.50    per    1000. 

2.5-lb.   metal   lath    (dipped) IT 

2.0-lb.    metal   lath    (galvanized) 20 

3.4-lb.   metal   lath    (dipped) .22 

3.4-lb.   metal   lath    (galvanized) 28 

%-inch  hot  roll  channels.   $72  per  ton. 
Finish    plaster.    $18.90    ton  ;    in    paper    sacks. 
Dealer's   commission,   $1.00   off   above 

quotations. 

$13.85    (rebate  10c  sack). 
Lime,    f.o.b.   warehouse,    $2.25bbl.  ;cars,  $2.15 
Lime,   bulk    (ton   2000   lbs.).   $16.00   ton. 
Wall  Board  5  i)l.v.   $50.00  per  M. 
Hydrate    Lime.   $19.50    ton. 

Composition  Stucco— $1.35  to  $1.75  per 
sq.   yard    (applied). 

I'lnmhing — 

From    $65.00    per   fixture    up,    ac- 
cording to  grade,   quantity  and 

runs.  

RooHni; — 

"Standard"   tar  and  gravel,   $6.00 

per  sq.   for   30   sqs.   or  over. 
Less  than  30  sqs.   $6.50   per  sq. 
Tile,  $20.00  to  i?®5.00  per  square. 


Redwood  Shingles,  $11.00  per  square 

in  place. 
Cedar   Shingles,  $10   sq.  In   place. 
Recoat,   with   Gravel,    $3.00    per   sq. 
Slate,  from   $25.00  to  '$«0.00   per  sq, 

laid,      according     to     color     and 

thickness. 

Sheet  Metal — 

Windows— Metal,  $2.00  a  sq.  foot. 
Fire    doors    (.average),    including 

hardware.  S2.00  per  sq.  ft. 
Skylitrhts— 

Copper,  90c  sq.  ft.  (not  glazed). 
Galvanized    iron,    25c    sq.    ft.     (not 

glazed). 

Steel— Structnral 

$100  ton  (erected),  this  quotation 

is  an  average  for  comparatively 

small    quantities.     Light    t  r  u  s  i 

work    higher.     Plain    beams    an( 

column   work  in   large   quantities 
$80    to   ^W    per    ton    cost   of   steel; 

average    building,    $89.00. 
Steel  Reinforcing — 

|$8i5.00  per  ton,  set,   (average). 
Stone — 

Granite,   average,   $6.50   cu.   foot  i 

place. 
Sandstone,      average      Blue,      $4.00| 

Boise,  $3.00  sq.  ft.  in  place. 
Indiana  Limestone,  $2.80  per  sq.  ft. 

in  place. 


Store  Fronts — 

Copper   sash   bars   for   store   fronts. 

corner,   center   and   around    sides. 

will   average  7Sc   per   lineal   foot. 
Note — Consult  with  asents 


Tile  —  Floor,  Wainscot,  Etc.  —  (See 

Dealers). 


SAN    FRANCISCO    BUILDING    TRADES   WAGE   SCALE    FOR    1933 

Established  by  The  Impartial  Wage  Board  November  9,  1932.    Elective  on  a'l  work  January  1,  1933,  to  remain  in  elect  until  June  30,   1933,  and  jor  so 
long  thereajler  as  economic  conditions  remain  substantially  unchanged. 


This  scale  is  based 
skill    a 

Journeyman 
CRAFT  Mechanics 

Asbestor    Workers    $6.40 

Bricklayers     9-00 

Bricklayers*  Hodcarriers   5,60 

Cabinet   Workers    (Outside)    7.20» 

Caisson  Workers   (Open)  Water  Work....     8.00 

Carpenters    -     7.20* 

Cement    Finishers    7.20 

Cork   Insulation    Workers   7.20 

Electrical    Workers    8.00 

Electrical  Fixture  Hangers  7.00 

Elerator   Constructors    8.68 

Elevator    Constructors'    Helpers    6.08 

Engineers,    Portable   and    Hoisting    8.00 

Glass  Workers  (All  Classifications)  6.80 

Hardwood    Floormen    7.20* 

Housemovers    6.40 

Housesmilhs.    Architectural    Iron    (Out- 
side)       7.20 

Housesmiths,     Reinforced     Concrete,     or 

Rodmen     7.20 


eight-hour  day  and  is  to  be 
ft  knowledge   may  be   paid 


;idered 


'Established  by  Special  Board 


ss  of  the  amounts  ; 
Journeyman 
CRAFT  Mechanics 

Iron  Workers    (Bridge  and  Structural)..     9.60 

Iron  Workers   (Hoisting  Engineers)   10.00 

Laborers    (6-day   week)    5.00 

Lathers,    Channel   Iron    8.00 

Lathers,   All   Other  6.80 

Marble    Setters    8.00 

Marble    Setters'    Helpers    _..     5.00 

Millwrights    7.20* 

Mosaic  and  Terrazzo  Workers  (Outside)     7.20 

Mosaic  and  Terrazzo  Helpers   _ 5.00 

Painters    7.00 

Painters,      Varnishers      and      Polishers 

(Outside)    7.00 

Pile    Drivers   and   Wharf   Builders   $  8.00 

Pile    Drivers    Engineers    9.00 

Plasterers     8.80 

Plasterers*   Hodcarriers   6.60 

Plumbers     8.00 

Roofers    (All   classifications)    _ 6.40 

Sheet  Metal  Workers  7.20 

Sprinkler   Fitters  9.00 

Steam   Fitters   8.00 


and   employees   of    superior 
;  forth   herein. 

CRAFT  Journejm: 

Mechanic 

Stair  Builders  7.2 

Stone  Cutters,  Soft  and  Granite  6.8 

Stone   Setters,  Soft   and  Granite   8.0 

Stone   Derrickmen   7.2 

Tile   Setters    8.0 

Tile   Setters*    Helpers   5.0 

Tile,  Cork  and  Rubber  7.2 

Welders,     Structural     Steel     Frame     on 

Buildings     9.6 

Welders,   All    Othc 


ck  Dr 


ss  than  2.500  lbs.     5.50 
-2,500      lbs.      to 
4,500    lbs 6.00 


Dr 


Dr 


-4,500       lbs. 


Auto      Truck 

6,500    lbs 6.! 

Auto  Truck  Drivers — 6,500  lbs.  and  over  7.( 

General   Teamsters.    1    Horse   5.! 

General  Teamsters,  2  Horses  6.( 

General   Teamsters,   4    Horses   6.; 

Plow  Teamsters.   4   Horses  6.1 

Scraper   Teamsters,   2    Horses   6.1 

Scraper   Teamsters,   4    Horses   6.1 


GENERAL    WORKING     CONDITIONS 


onstitute 


day's  work 
icept  as  otherwise  noted. 
ei(?ht  hours  are  worked 
■  such  shorter  period  shall 


1.  Eight  hours  shall 
for   all    crafts.    e> 

2.  Where  less  than 
pro  rata  rates  for 
be   paid. 

3.  Plasterers'  Hodcarriers.  Bricklayers'  Hod- 
carriers.  Roofers'  Laborers  and  Engineers, 
Portable  and  Hoisting,  shall  start  15  min- 
utes before  other  workmen,  both  at  morn- 
ing  and  at   noon. 

4.  Five  days,  consisting  of  not  more  than 
eight  hours  a  day,  on  Monday  to  Friday 
inclusive,    shall    constitute    a    week's    work. 

5.  The  wages  set  forth  herein  shall  be  con- 
sidered as  net  wages. 

6.  Except  as  noted  the  above  rates  of  pay  ap- 
ply only  to  work  performed  at  the  job 
site. 

7.  Transportation  costs  in  excess  of  twenty- 
five  cents  each  way  shall  be  paid  by  the 
contractor. 

8.  Traveling  time  in  excess  of  one  and  one- 
half  hours  each  way  shall  be  paid  for  at 
straight  time  rates. 

NOTE:    Provision  of  paragraph  13  appearing  in  brackets   (   )  does  not  apply   to   Carpenters.    Cabinet 
Wrights,   or   Stair    Builders. 

56 


9.  Overtime  shall  be  paid  as  follows:  For 
the  first  four  hours  after  the  first  eight 
hours,  time  and  one-halt.  All  time  there- 
after shall  be  paid  double  time.  Satui-- 
days  (except  Laborers),  Sundays  and  Holi- 
days from  12  midnight  of  the  preceding 
dny,  shall  be  paid  double  time.  Irrespec- 
tive of  starting  time,  overtime  for  Cement 
Finishers  shall  not  commence  until  after 
eight   hours  of  work. 

10.  On  Saturday  Laborers  shall  be  paid 
straight  time  for  an  eight-hour  day. 

11.  Where  two  shifts  are  worked  in  any 
twenty-four  hours,  shift  time  shall  be 
straight  time.  Where  three  shifts  are 
worked,  eight  hours'  pay  shall  be  paid 
for  seven  hours  on  the  second  and  third 
shifts. 

12.  All  work,  except  as  noted  in  paragraph 
13.  shall  be  performed  between  the  hours 
of  8  A.   M.   and  5  P.   M. 


men  reporting  for  work  shall  work  at 
straight  time.  Any  work  performed  on 
such  jobs  after  midnight  shall  be  paid 
time  and  one-half  up  to  four  hours  of 
overtime  and  double  time  thereafter  (pro- 
vided, that  if  a  new  crew  is  employed  on 
Saturdays,  Sundays  or  Holidays  which  has 
not  worked  during  the  five  preceding  work- 
ing days,  such  crew  shall  be  paid  time 
and  one-half.  No  job  can  be  considered 
as  an  emergency  job  until  it  has  been 
registered  with  the  Industrial  Association 
and  a  determination  has  been  made  that 
the  job  falls  within  the  terms  of  this 
section). 

14.  Recognized  holidays  to  be:  New  Year's 
Day.  Decoration  Day,  Fourth  of  July, 
Labor  Day,  Admission  Day,  Thanksgiving 
Day,   Christmas   Day. 

15.  Men  ordered  to  report  for  work,  for 
whom  no  employment  is  provided  shall  be 
entitled   to   two   hours'   pay. 

16.  This  award  shall  be  effective  in  the  City 
and  Oiunty  of  San  Francisco. 

Workers    (Outside).    Hardwood    Floormen,    Mill- 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  April,  1934 


have  upon  the  various  structural  and  non- 
structural elements  of  the  building. 
Fundamentals  to  be  Observed 
The  following  discussion  briefly  states 
the  fundamentals  which  must  be  given  con- 
sideration and  the  general  criteria  which 
must  be  satisfied  if  the  design  is  to  be  ra- 
tionalized to  the  point  that  safety  of  occu- 
pants is  assured: 

/.  Stiffness  of  Walls  as  Contrasted  with 

Braced  Frames: 

The  ratio  of  stiffness  of  masonry  walls 
to  braced  frames  is  large,  varying  from  six 
to  fifty  times  (the  latter  being  an  extreme 
condition  assumed  for  a  cross  masonry 
wall  24  feet  long  and  two  stories  in  height, 
as  compared  with  a  similar  frame  X-braced 
with  structural  steel);  in  essentially  all 
practical  cases  the  relation  is  such  that  the 
masonry  is  preponderently  stiff  and  would, 
at  least  initially,  take  all  loads  that  the 
horizontal  floor  systems  could  deliver  to  it. 
When  stair  halls  are  constructed  with  mas- 
onry walls  on  either  side,  as  well  as  with 
an  adjacent  exterior  wall,  together  with  re- 
inforced concrete  stairways  and  landings, 
thereby  forming  a  rigid  interconnection 
between  the  floors  and  longitudinal  walls,  a 
local  condition  of  rigidity  is  created  that 
will  prevent  the  action  of  the  frame  inso- 
far as  its  resistance  to  lateral  movement  is 
concerned.  The  assumption  has  frequently 
been  made  that  the  walls  will  fail  and  that 
thereafter  the  lateral  forces  will  be  entirely 
taken  care  of  by  the  frame.  This  assump- 
tion is  not  necessarily  tenable,  since  not 
only  the  exterior  walls,  but  portions  of  the 
frame  construction,  as  well,  might  fail,  be- 
fore the  designed  system  would  sustain 
appreciable  load.  Obviously  both  walls 
and  stairwavs  must  either  be  isolated  so 
that  they  will  not  be  subjected  to  extra- 
neous lateral  load,  or  consideration  must 
be  given  to  the  effect  of  such  loads  thereon. 

2.  Floor  Systems  as  Related  to  Diaphragm 
Effect: 

In  existing  buildings  constructed  with 
floors  entirely  of  wood  and  without  shear 
connections  to  the  surrounding  walls,  the 
stiffness  of  these  floors  and  their  ability  to 
transmit  load  is  problematic;  the  usual 
double  sheathing  construction  doubtless 
possesses  much  inherent  strength,  although 
its  connections  to  the  walls  probably  ren- 
der it  quite  ineffective.  In  buildings  that 
are  constructed  with  a  longitudinal  corri- 


dor floor  of  reinforced  concrete  and  which 
have  occasional  transverse  masonry  walls 
such  as  those  which  enclose  stairways,  the 
stiffness  of  this  slab  acting  as  a  horizontal 
beam  should  be  given  detailed  attention, 
since  this  corridor  construction  generally 
constitutes  a  potential  stiff  distributing  dia- 
phragm for  forces  transverse  to  the  build- 
ing axis.  For  example,  a  ten-foot  corridor 
having  a  concrete  slab  cast  integrally  with 
bond  beams  at  each  wall  would  have  a 
maximum  deflection  of  from  .3  to  .7  inches 
when  acting  on  a  seventy-foot  span  and 
considered  as  a  simple  beam.  Under  actual 
conditions  these  slab  distributing  beams 
will  normally  develop  considerable  contin- 
uous action  and  in  consequence  the  usual 
case  will  involve  maximum  continuous  beam 
deflections  of  but  yi"  to  ^4"-  These  maxi- 
mum deflections  are  essentially  less  than 
those  of  the  typical  braced  bent  while  for 
points  within  end  thirds  of  the  slab  dia- 
phragm span,  the  deflections  of  the  two 
systems  are  entirely  dissimilar;  therefore  it 
seems  logical  to  anticipate  that  the  major 
portion  of  the  load  will  initially  be  transmit- 
ted through  the  slab  diaphragm  to  the 
transverse  or  end  walls.  If  and  when  these 
walls  fail,  then  and  then  only  may  the 
structural  frame  be  contemplated  to  func- 
tion as  an  important  lateral  force  restrain- 
ing system. 

3.  Failure    of    Walls    and   Effect    on    the 

Structure: 

The  installation  of  a  braced  frame  which, 
as  indicated  above,  is  relatively  flexible  in 
an  inherently  stiff  masonry  wall  building 
necessitating  the  assumption  that  the  walls 
will  fail  under  lateral  forces  should  be  crit- 
ically examined  to  ascertain  whether;  first, 
the  walls  are  so  substantiallv  retained  that 
there  will  be  no  possibility  of  hazard  to  oc- 
cupants from  dislodged  portions  or  falling 
fragments;  and  second,  the  failure  of  indi- 
vidual walls  or  several  adjacent  walls  may 
possibly  introduce  a  destructive  torsional 
effect  on  the  building. 

The  first  of  these  two  items  would  seem- 
ingly necessitate  the  provision  of  a  com- 
plete basket  or  enclosing  frame  to  retain 
these  walls,  as  it  would  seem  quite  imprac- 
ticable to  attempt  to  predict  the  stability 
of  ruptured  panels  of  any  considerable  size. 

In  this  connection  it  should  be  remem- 
bered that  the  longitudinal  movements  of 
an  earthquake  shock  which  produces  the 
tvpical  diagonal  tension  or  X-cracking  in 
the  walls  will  invariably  be  followed  by  a 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  April,  1934 


57 


transverse  motion  of  comparable  intensity 
which  tends  to  dislodge  the  ruptured 
panels. 

The  second  of  the  previous  stated  ques- 
tions, that  of  torsional  effects,  is  dependent 
upon  the  rigidity  of  the  corridor  slab  as  a 
diaphragm  and  may  be  somewhat  reduced 
by  the  distortion  induced  in  this  member. 
However,  an  approximate  analysis  would 
nevertheless  be  necessary  to  demonstrate 
the  capacity  of  the  system  to  sustain  such 
effects  as  might  be  induced.  The  limiting 
magnitude  of  load  which  the  end  bents  may 
be  required  to  sustain  would  approach  one- 
half  the  horizontal  force  induced  by  the 
total  building  weight  above  the  particular 
story  considered.  This  limiting  condition 
would  obtain  with  an  eccentricity  between 
center  of  mass  and  center  of  resistance  of 
one-half  the  building  length  and  further 
assumes  that  the  torsional  resistance  offer- 
ed by  the  intermediate  bents  would  be  rela- 
tively small  and  may  be  neglected. 
4.   Conclusions: 

In  recapitulation  it  may  be  stated  that 
the  above  reasoning  indicates  that  the  in- 
stallation of  a  primary  flexible  structural 
frame  into  an  inherently  stiff  masonry  wall 
building  can  only  be  rationalized  by  a  thor- 
ough consideration  of,  and  provisions  for; 
first,  the  torsional  effects  induced  by  a  non- 
coincident  failure  in  the  rigid  walls  or  stair 
construction;  and  second,  a  positive  pro- 
vision to  prevent  the  dislodgement  of  frac- 
tured materials.  This  latter  item  may  take 
the  form  of  an  analysis  to  demonstrate  the 
adequacy  of  the  walls  to  sustain  such  loads 
as  may  be  imposed  or  it  may  lead  to  the 
provision  of  a  so-called  basket  or  enclosing 
frame  with  members  so  closely  spaced  as 


to  definitely  retain  the  enclosed  panels.  It 
is  believed  that  such  a  basket  should  pro- 
vide support  for  the  brickwork  at  intervals 
not  exceeding  about  five  feet  and  that  all 
edges  of  any  masonry  be  likewise  support- 
ed. It  is  further  believed  that  for  masonry 
of  very  inferior  quality  such  walls  should 
either  be  removed  or  the  whole  surface  cov- 
ered with  a  retaining  membrane.  In  addi- 
tion to  these  provisions  it  is  believed  neces- 
sary that  the  deflections  of  the  lateral  force 
system  be  limited  to  1 /600th  of  the  story 
height  for  walls  or  vertical  units  and  to 
1  600th  of  the  span  for  horizontal  members 
such  as  bracing  trusses  or  diaphragms. 

It  would  further  appear  reasonable  that 
a  more  economical  solution  of  the  problem 
might  be  devised  by  utilizing  the  potential 
strength  of  the  existing  corridor  and  wall 
construction  which  in  all  probability  could 
be  adequately  supplemented  by  the  instal- 
lation of  reasonable  reinforcement.  Such 
additional  expenditure  as  might  be  in- 
volved for  a  lateral  system  of  this  more 
rigid  type  seems  justified  as  an  insurance 
against  extensive  earthquake  repairs,  the 
necessity  of  which  can  be  anticipated  if  the 
flexible  system  were  adopted. 

In  summarizing,  while  the  Division  of 
Architecture  does  not  deem  it  proper  to 
reject  designs  of  the  type  described  prior 
to  the  submission  of  data  and  of  analytical 
check,  nevertheless,  in  view  of  the  above 
considerations,  it  will  feel  wholly  justified 
in  requiring  a  demonstration  of  adequacy 
based  on  a  comprehensive  design  analysis, 
as  well  as  thorough  design  provisions  for 
all  of  the  above  mentioned  items. 


58 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  April.  1934 


«    «   «   « 


With  the  Architects 


»  »   »  » 


ARCHITECTS  FOR  COURT  HOUSE 

Alameda  County,  California,  has  voted  in  favor 
of  a  bond  issue  of  $1,712,000  which  will  be  used 
with  an  additional  $462,000  grant  from  the  Fed- 
eral Government,  for  a  new  County  Court  House 
and  Hall  of  Records.  The  voters  also  went  on 
record  as  favoring  the  corner  of  12th  and  Oak 
Streets.  Oakland,  as  the  site  for  the  new  structure. 
The  plans  will  be  prepared  at  once  by  a  consult- 
ing board  of  architects,  named  by  the  Supervisors, 
as  follows: 

William  E.  Shirmer.  Oakland,  architect  for  St. 
Margaret's  Church.  Oakland,  and  apartment 
house  known  as  "1360  Jones  Street,"  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

William  G.  Corlett,  Oakland,  architect  for 
Financial  Center  Building,  Peralta  Hospital  and 
Mutual  Store  Plant.  Oakland. 

H.  A.  Minton.  Alameda,  former  architect  for 
Bank  of  America  and  designer  of  many  prominent 
Catholic  churches  and  schools. 

Carl  Werner.  Alameda,  architect  for  Alameda 
High  School,  Oakland  Scottish  Rite  Temple,  and 
First  Church  of  Christ,  Scientist,  Oakland. 

James  W.  Plachek,  Berkeley,  architect  of  Berk- 
eley Public  Library,  Federal  Land  Bank  and  com- 
bined hotel,  church,  store  and  apartment  building 
for  Glide  Foundation,  San  Francisco. 


SCHOOL  ALTERATIONS 
Plans  have  been  completed  by  Erie  L.  Cope, 
structural  engineer,  1 1 1  Sutter  Street,  San  Fran- 
cisco, for  alterations  to  the  Adams  elementary 
school  on  Eddy  Street  and  the  Bayview  school  on 
Pomona  Street,  San  Francisco.  The  total  cost 
of  the  improvements  is  about  $48,000. 


ALHAMBRA  POST  OFFICE  BUILDING 
Bids  have  been  taken  for  the  construction  of  a 
two  story  reinforced  concrete  post  office  building 
at  Alhambra.  near  Los  Angeles,  plans  for  which 
were  prepared  by  John  Walker  Smart.  39  East 
Main  Street,  Alhambra.  The  cost  of  the  building 
is  estimated  at  $165,000. 


RACING  PLANT 
A  contract  has  been  awarded  for  the  con- 
struction of  a  horse  racing  plant  at  Belmont,  San 
Mateo  County,  for  the  California  Jockey  Club, 
Ale.xander  Building,  San  Francisco.  The  plans 
were  prepared  by  G.  O.  Wootten,  251  Kearny 
Street,  San  Francisco,  and  provide  for  a  mile 
track,  a  grandstand  to  seat  10,000,  club  house  and 
stables. 


ST.  FRANCIS  HOTEL  REMODELING 
Remodeling  of  the  St.  Francis  Hotel  is  under- 
way, following  a  $50,000  fire  which  destroyed 
the  famous  Italian  ballroom.  Specifications  for 
the  work  have  been  prepared  by  Bliss  &  Fair- 
weather,  architects,   San   Francisco. 


FLAT  BUILDING 
Frederick  Amandes,  architect,  1879-1 8th  Ave- 
nue, San  Francisco,  has  completed  drawings  for 
a  two  story  frame  store  and  flat  building  and  four 
garages  in  the  Marina  District,  San  Francisco, 
for  P.  Pieri.  The  estimated  cost  is  $12,500.  Mr. 
Amandes  is  planning  to  build  a  studio  for  himself 
east  of  First  Avenue,  San  Francisco. 


OAKLAND  FACTORY  ADDITION 
W.  E.  Schirmer,  Financial  Center  Building,  has 
prepared  plans  for  a  one  story  and  basement,  steel 
frame  and  brick  addition  to  the  Cardinet  candy 
factory,  22nd  Street,  Oakland.  The  general  con- 
tract has  been  awarded  to  the  John  J.  Moore 
Company.  354  Hobart  Street.  Oakland,  for 
$10,000. 


$400,000  LIBRARY  ADDITION 
Complete  plans  for  the  $400,000  addition  to  the 
Henry  Suzzallo  Memorial  Library  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Washington  have  been  prepared  by  Bebb 
and  Gould,  Hoge  Building,  Seattle.  These  plans 
are  now  awaiting  scrutiny  by  the  official  checkers 
for  the  Washington  State  PWA  office. 


GRAIN  ELEVATOR 
The  Oakland  Port  Commission  has  been  ad- 
vised by  the  Carnation  Co.,  Milwaukee,  of  its  in- 
tention to  immediately  start  construction  of  a 
200,000  bushel  grain  elevator  in  the  outer  har- 
bor for  Albers  Bros.  Milling  Company,  a  sub- 
sidiary.   The  improvements  will  cost  $75,000. 


MONTANA  CHAPTER  ELECTS 
Officers  chosen  by  the  Montana  State  Chapter. 
A. I. A.,  to  serve  during  1934  are:  President,  Chan- 
dler C.  Cohagen  of  Billings;  vice-president,  Fred 
A.  Brinkman  of  Kalispell;  secretary-treasurer,  W. 
R.  Plew.  Montana  State  College,  Bozeman. 


Tlie  Architect  and  Engineer,  April,  1934 


59 


WORK  FOR  SEATTLE  ARCHITECTS 
Bebb  and  Gould,  architects  of  Seattle,  have 
been  retained  to  supervise  the  general  construc- 
tion program  of  the  Newhaven  Cooperative  As- 
sociation, which  is  promoting  the  establishment 
of  Subsistence  Homestead  Colony,  near  Lake 
Sammamish  in  King  County,  Wash.  The  pro- 
spectus calls  for  placing  1000  families  on  five- 
acre  tracts,  and  the  organization  of  industrial  and 
marketing  units. 


PLANS  NEW  HOME 
Karl  J.  Weber,  1737  Thirty-fourth  Avenue, 
Oakland,  plans  to  build  a  new  home  in  Claremont 
Terrace,  a  sub-division  of  Piedmont  Heights, 
Alameda  County.  The  house  will  be  Spanish  de- 
sign and  have  nine  rooms,  three  baths  and  a  two- 
car  garage.    The  estimated  cost  is  $10,000. 


HEALDSBURG  SCHOOL  CONDEMNED 
The  Healdsburg  board  of  education,  at  a  spe- 
cial meeting,  heard  a  report  submitted  by  R.  S. 
Lyman  Jr.  of  the  Division  of  Architecture,  State 
Department  of  Public  Works,  in  which  the  main 
building  and  wings  of  the  public  grammar  school 
building  were  announced  unsafe  for  occupancy. 
The  board  decided  to  abandon  the  entire  building 
and  hold  classes  in  the  American  Legion  hall. 


A.LA.  CONVENTION 
Plans  for  the  annual  convention  of  the  Ameri- 
can Institute  of  Architects,  to  be  held  May  16  at 
Washington,  D.  C,  were  discussed  at  the  month- 
ly dinner  meeting  of  the  Washington  State  Chap- 
ter, April  5,  at  the  New  Washington  Hotel  in 
Seattle.  President  Robert  F.  McClelland,  presided 
There  are  many  vital  matters  concerning  the  pro- 
fession to  be  taken  up  by  the  Washington  con- 
vention. 


IN  CHARGE  OF  DESIGNS 
Hollis  Johnson,  architect,  of  Portland,  is  in 
charge  of  the  designing  of  houses  to  be  built 
at  Bonneville  under  the  direction  of  the  U.  S. 
Engineer's  office.  The  plans  provide  for  standard 
small  house  requirements. 


BERKELEY  ARCHITECTS  MEET 
The  Berkeley  District  Society  of  Architects, 
affiliated  with  the  State  Association,  has  held  sev- 
eral spirited  meetings  to  discuss  the  new  State 
Building  Laws.  Edward  H.  Russ  is  president  of 
the  society  and  Gwynn  Officer  is  secretary. 


OAKLAND  RESIDENCE 
Williams  and  Wastell,   374-1 7th  Street,   Oak- 
land,  have  completed   plans   for  a   one  and  one- 
half   story   cottage    type   dwelling    to   be   built    in 
Oakland  for  Victor  Rohmer. 


BERKELEY  BUILDING  PROGRAM 
A  report  is  expected  shortly  from  Architects 
Bakewell  &  Weihe  of  San  Francisco,  on  the  new 
school  building  requirements  for  the  City  of  Berk- 
eley. This  report  is  to  be  used  in  connection  with 
a  proposed  $4,000,000  bond  election. 


LOS  ALTOS  RESIDENCE 
Contracts  have  been  awarded  by  Farr  &  Ward, 
architects.  68  Post  Street,  San  Francisco,  for  a 
Spanish  dwelling  in  Los  Altos,  Santa  Clara 
County,  to  cost  $14,000.  Milton  Haas  is  the 
owner. 


SHELL  OIL  BUILDINGS 
The  Shell  Oil  Company  is  building  an  absorp- 
tion plant  at  its  refinery  in  Martinez.    The  com- 
pany  will   also  build   an   alcohol   plant,    the   total 
cost  of  the  two  buildings  being  $400,000. 


COUNTY  HOSPITAL 
A  two  story  reinforced  concrete  county  hospital 
is  under  construction  at  Redding  from  plans  by 
O.  A.  Deichmann,  100  Sutter  Street,  San  Fran- 
cisco. The  contractors  are  N.  H.  Sjoburg  &  Son, 
San  Francisco. 


COLLEGE  SWIMMING  POOL 
The  College  of  the  Pacific  at  Stockton,  will  have 
a  concrete  swimming  pool,  plans  for  which  are 
being  prepared  by  Howard  G.  Bissell,  architect, 
327  East  Channel  Street,  Stockton.  The  pool  will 
be  35x75  feet  and  will  cost  $10,000. 


BANK  BUILDING 
The  Bank  of  America  will  build  a  one  story 
bank  building  at  Nevada  City,  to  cost  about 
$20,000.  L.  H.  Nishkian  is  the  engineer.  The 
Bank  also  plans  to  erect  a  new  building  at  Santa 
Barbara. 


REDWOOD  CITY  DWELLING 
Chester  H.  Treichel  of  Oakland,  has  prepared 
plans  for  a  $4500  residence  in  Redwood  City  for 
an  unnamed  client.    Bids  have  been  received  and 
taken  under  advisement. 


CLUB  HOUSE  AT  ATHERTON 
G.  Albert  Lansburgh,  140  Montgomery  Street. 
San  Francisco,  has  prepared  plans  for  a  one  story 
frame  and  stucco  Spanish  style  clubhouse  at  Ath- 
erton  for  the  Menlo  Circus  Club.  The  building 
will  cost  about  $15,000. 


60 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  April,  1934 


SAN  FRANCISCO  EXPOSITION 

Initial  steps  for  a  commemorative  exposition 
to  celebrate  the  completion  of  the  two  San  Fran- 
cisco bridges  were  taken  last  month  when  the 
executive  committee  of  the  Bridge  Celebration 
Founding  Committee  announced  the  appointment 
of  George  W,  Kelham,  architect,  and  Will  P. 
Day,  engineer,  respectively. 

The  two  will  begin  at  once  a  survey  upon  which 
the  exposition  plans  will  be  predicated.  This  sur- 
vey will  cost  $10,000  and  will  take  from  10  to 
1 2  weeks.  The  final  reports  of  the  two  men  will 
cover  available  sites,  physical  characteristics, 
transportation  facilities,  preliminary  sketches  of 
building  layouts  and  cost  estimates. 

Business  and  industrial  firms  have  contributed 
funds  for  the  survey. 

Among  the  exposition  sites  to  be  studied  are 
Yerba  Buena  shoals.  Lake  Merced,  Presidio. 
Golden  Gate  Park  and  Islais  creek. 


FORMER  CALIFORNIA  ARCHITECT 

Arthur  G.  Brown,  Chicago  architect,  died  on 
a  train  at  Atlanta,  Georgia,  en  route  to  Florida 
on  February  18.  Mr.  Brown  was  a  Californian 
by  birth,  having  been  born  in  Marysville,  in  1869. 
His  architectural  experience  began  on  the  Pacific 
Coast.  He  journeyed  to  Chicago  in  1889  and 
worked  in  the  office  of  John  M.  Van  Osdel  II  one 
year  before  returning  to  Los  Angeles.  A  year 
later  he  was  in  the  office  of  D.  H.  Burnham  & 
Company.  Chicago,  during  the  building  of  the 
World's  Fair  of  1893.  In  1893  he  entered  the 
office  of  Wm.  A.  Boring,  architect,  in  New  York. 
Since  1925  he  had  been  in  the  employ  of  the 
Pure  Oil  Company  as  architect.  He  became  a 
member  of  the  A. I. A.  in  1911. 


F.  H.  REIMERS  BUSY 
The  office  of  Frederick  H.  Reimers,  233  Post 
Street.  San  Francisco,  has  been  quite  busy  on 
new  work  the  past  month.  Drawings  have  been 
completed  for  improvements  at  the  Sonoma  Mis- 
sion Inn,  Sonoma  County,  also  two  houses  in 
Thousand  Oaks  for  F.  Hilthon,  a  two-story  store 
and  office  building  in  Vallejo  to  be  occupied  by 
Sears,  Roebuck  Company,  and  a  swimming  pool 
at  Sonora. 


MOTHERS  DAY  STAMP 
Postmaster  General  James  A.  Farley  has  au- 
thorized the  issuance  of  a  Mother's  Day  postage 
stamp.  Mother's  Day,  which  this  year  falls  on 
May  12,  will  be  the  twentieth  anniversary  of  the 
proclamation  of  President  Wilson  establishing  a 
national  Mother's  Day.  The  stamp  will  in  all 
probability  be  of  three-cent  denomination. 


OREGON  BUILDING  CONGRESS 
Prospects  of  steady  improvement  in  the  build- 
ing industry  were  indicated  in  speeches  and  re- 
ports made  at  the  second  annual  convention  of 
the  Oregon  Building  Congress  held  at  Salem  on 
March  9.   E.  M.  Drew,  president,  presided. 

C.  I.  Grimm,  chief  engineer  for  the  Bonneville 
project,  made  the  principal  address,  which  dealt 
with  the  significance  of  the  huge  power  and  navi- 
gation development.  F.  H.  Murphy,  president  of 
the  Portland  Chapter,  spoke  on  needs  for  Federal 
projects  in  various  parts  of  the  state. 

Three  resolutions  were  approved  as  follows: 

1 .  Endorsement  of  the  plan  of  the  American 
Builder  for  the  Federal  government  to  ap- 
propriate $1,000,000  for  the  benefit  of  farm 
owners. 

2.  Support  for  President  Roosevelt's  proposal 
to  provide  $250,000,000  to  remodel  farm 
houses. 

3.  Approval  of  the  code  for  the  construction 
industry. 


BOND  ISSUE  DEFEATED 

The  proposed  $20,411,487  bond  issue  for  re- 
building the  school  buildings  in  the  Los  Angeles 
city  school  districts  against  earthquake  hazard 
failed  to  secure  the  necessary  two-thirds  vote  at 
the  special  election  March  20.  Complete  unoffi- 
cial returns  were:  For  elementary  school  bonds 
116,255.  against  75,350,  For  high  school  bonds 
116,420,  against  76,761;  for  Junior  college  bonds 
115,453,  against  77,774. 

The  board  of  education  has  approximately  $11,- 
000,000  available  with  which  it  expected  to  start 
a  three-year  reconstruction  program.  What  action 
will  be  taken  in  view  of  the  defeat  of  the  proposed 
new  bond  issue  is  problematical.  The  board  may 
proceed  with  the  program  and  resubmit  the  bonds 
later  or  it  may  revise  the  present  program. 


MUST  REFUND  TO  CLIENT 

In  Judge  Steiger's  Court,  San  Francisco,  Steph- 
en Rosen  of  the  National  Building  Company,  6 
Fountain  Avenue,  San  Francisco,  was  found 
guilty  of  practicing  architecture  without  a  certifi- 
cate and  ordered  to  make  restitution  of  $50.00 
secured  from  Mrs.  Margaret  Cotter  of  this  city, 
in  connection  with  plans  prepared  for  an  apart- 
ment building  in  Richmond. 

The  case  was  prosecuted  by  Arthur  Onimous. 
Deputy  District  Attorney,  and  A.  L.  Bolton,  rep- 
resenting the  State  Board  of  Architectural  Exam- 
iners, Northern  District. 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  April.  1934 


BETTER  HOMES  COMPETITION 
Roger  H.  Bullard,  New  York  architect,  has  been 
awarded  the  gold  medal  for  the  prize-winning 
design  in  the  Small  House  Architectural  Com- 
petition for  1933,  sponsored  by  Better  Homes  in 
America.  Mr.  Bullard  won  the  medal  for  design- 
ing the  one-and-one-half-Story  accessory  building 
of  the  Salvage  Estate  at  Glen  Head,  Long  Island. 
Honorable  mentions,  together  with  bronze  med- 
als were  awarded  as  follows:  One-story  Class — 
Milton  L.  Grigg,  architect,  Charlottesville,  Vir- 
ginia; William  I.  Garren,  San  Francisco,  Cali- 
fornia; and  Edwin  B.  Goodell,  Jr.,  Boston,  Mass- 
achusetts. One-and-one-half-Story  Class — Miller 
and  Warnecke,  Oakland,  California;  Reinhard  M. 
Bischoff,  West  Hempstead,  Long  Island;  and 
Randolph  Evans,  New  York.  Two-story  Class — 
Dwight  James  Baum,  Riverdale-on-Hudson,  New 
York;  Martin  L.  Beck,  Princeton,  N.  J.;  Frank 
J.  Foster,  New  York;  O.  Kline  Fulmer,  Cleveland, 
Ohio;  and  Royal  Barry  Wills,  Boston,  Massachu- 
setts. 

The  Jury  of  Award  consisted  of  F.  Ellis  Jack- 
son, Chairman,  Providence.  R.  I.;  Chester  Aid- 
rich,  New  York;  Seymour  Williams,  Rahway, 
N.  J.;  Archibald  M.  Brown,  New  York;  and  Ralph 
T.  Walker,  New  York. 


PRINCETON  UNIVERSITY 
COMPETITION 

The  School  of  Architecture  of  Princeton  Uni- 
versity announces  for  the  scholastic  year  1934- 
1935  two  competitive  prizes  to  permit  men  of 
unusual  ability,  who  desire  to  complete  their  pro- 
fessional training,  to  profit  by  the  opportunities 
offered  by  the  School  of  Architecture,  the  De- 
partment of  Art  and  Archaeology,  and  the  Grad- 
uate School  of  Princeton  University. 

The  prize  winners  will  be  exempt  from  charges 
for  tuition,  and  will  receive  five  hundred  dollars 
($500)  each,  in  quarterly  payments  during  their 
terra  of  residence.  Although  not  enrolled  as  un- 
dergraduate or  graduate  students,  the  winners  will 
be  eligible  to  reside  in  the  Graduate  College. 

They  will  be  required  to  take  the  courses  in 
design,  offered  by  the  School  of  Architecture,  and 
will  have  the  opportunity  of  attending  courses  in 
the  history  of  architecture  and  the  allied  arts  in 
construction,  in  freehand  drawing,  in  ornament, 
or  in  other  subjects  for  which  they  may  be  pre- 
pared. 

The  competition  will  be  held  from  May  19  to 
May  31,  1934.  Further  information  concerning 
it  may  be  had  from  the  Director,  School  of  Arch- 
itecture,   Princeton   University. 


ARCHITECTURAL  COMPETITION 
An  architectural  competition  for  the  design  of 
a  detached  residence  is  being  sponsored  by  the  flat 
glass  industry — represented  by  the  Plate  Glass 
Manufacturers  of  America,  Window  Glass  Manu- 
facturers Association,  and  Rough  and  Rolled  Glass 
Manufacturers  of  America. 

The  competition  is  open  to  all  architects  and 
draftsmen.  There  will  be  twenty-nine  prizes,  ag- 
gregating $3,100.  The  jury  of  award  will  consist 
of  seven  architects  of  national  repute,  selected  from 
representative  sections  of  the  United  States. 

Russell  F.  Whitehead,  A. I. A.,  will  serve  as  pro- 
fessional adviser. 


ENGINEERS  DISCUSS  SAFETY  LAW 
The  Structural  Engineers  Association  of  North- 
ern California  held  one  of  its  best  meetings  of  the 
year  at  the  Engineers'  Club  Tuesday  evening, 
March  13th.  Members  of  the  Northern  California 
Chapter,  A.I.A.,  were  present  by  invitation.  Other 
guests  were  Geo.  B.  McDougall.  State  Architect, 
and  Clarence  H.  Kromer,  Principal  Structural 
Engineer  in  the  Division  of  Architecture,  State 
of  California.  Mr.  Kromer's  address  appears  in 
another  section  of  this  issue.  The  meeting  closed 
with  a  general  discussion  of  the  evening's  topic. 
"Review  and  Preview  of  Earthquake  Resistant 
Construction  and  Reconstruction." 


PERSONAL 

Kent  and  Hass,  architects,  have  moved  from 
the  fifth  floor  to  Rooms  602-603  Underwood  Build- 
ing, San  Francisco. 

Fred  Aandahl  prominent  in  architectural 
circles  in  Portland,  Oregon,  has  become  one  of 
the  partners  in  the  firm  of  Sutton  &  Whitney.  The 
firm  name  hereafter  will  be  Sutton.  Whitney  & 
Aandahl. 

TACOMA  ENGINEERS  CLUB 
Gaston  C.  Lance  of  Russell  and  Lance,  719 
South  Seventh  Street,  Tacoma,  read  a  paper  on 
"Draftsmen  Through  the  Ages"  before  the  Ta- 
coma Engineers  Club  on  February  28.  A.  J,  Rus- 
sell, senior  member  of  the  firm,  has  fully  recov- 
ered from  shock  and  bruises  suffered  in  a  traffic 
accident. 


Experienced  Designer,  Architect, 

Artist,  looking  for  association 

in  north 

Wish  to  locate  near  Berkeley,  San  Francisco,  etc. 
Desire  to  obtain  position  or  association  (with 
A.  I.  A.  Architect  preferably)  in  or  near  San  Fran- 
cisco. Cornell  and  U.  of  Penn.  High  class,  all 
around  practice  for  ten  years  in  California.  Resi- 
dences particularly.    (Appreciate  interview). 

Address   Box   876 
La  Jolla,  Calif. 


62 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  April,  1934 


ARCHITECTS  APPROVE  FORM 

An  approved  form  of  competition  for  the  selec- 
tion of  architects  for  the  design  of  public  buildings 
was  announced  at  the  regular  monthly  meeting 
of  Southern  California  Chapter,  The  American 
Institute  of  Architects,  March  15. 

Meetings  with  the  Structural  Engineers'  Asso- 
ciation and  the  Mechanical  and  Electrical  Engi- 
neers' Association,  for  the  purpose  of  working  out 
schedules  of  fees,  were  reported  by  Henry  Carlton 
Newton,  chairman  of  the  structural  and  mechani- 
cal engineers'  committee  of  the  Chapter's  struc- 
tural service  relations  division. 

Henry  F.  Withey,  chairman  of  the  historical 
works  committee,  reported  on  the  progress  being 
made  on  the  program  for  restoring  historical 
buildings,  which  was  put  under  way  in  February. 

A  motion  to  reduce  the  Chapter  initiation  fee 
from  $25  to  $10  for  the  remainder  of  1934  was 
adopted. 

Following  the  Chapter  meeting  the  members 
attended  the  construction  industries  banquet. 

Following  is  the  form  of  competition  for  the 
selection  of  architects  for  the  design  of  public 
buildings: 

A.  General: 

1.  The  form  of  competition  for  the  selection  of 
Architects  for  public  work  as  outlined  herein 
would  be  under  the  general  direction  of  the  South- 
ern California  Chapter  of  the  American  Institute 
of  Architects  in  conjunction  with  such  other  com- 
mittees or  individuals  as  may  be  appointed  by  the 
Owner. 

B.  Supervising  Architect: 

1.  The  Supervising  Architect  shall  be  selected 
by  the  Owner  from  a  list  of  three  (3)  names 
which  in  turn  have  been  nominated  and  approved 
by  the  Southern  California  Chapter  of  the  Ameri- 
can Institute  of  Architects  and  the  State  Associa- 
tion of  California  Architects,  Southern  Section. 

2.  In  addition  to  the  Supervising  Architect,  an 
Advisory  Board  shall  be  appointed  consisting  of 
four  (4)  architects  whose  function  will  be  to  act 
in  an  advisory  capacity  to  the  Supervising  Arch- 
itect, The  Southern  California  Chapter  of  the 
American  Institute  of  Architects  and  the  State 
Association  of  California  Architects,  Southern 
Section,  shall  each  submit  three  (3)  names  to 
the  Owner  and  from  the  list  of  six   (6)  thus  sub- 


mitted, he  shall  select  four   (4)   which  shall  form 
the  Advisory  Board. 

3.  The  work  of  the  Supervising  Architect  and 
the  Advisory  Board,  shall  consist,  in  general,  of 
the   following: 

a.  Preparation  of  programs  of  competition. 

b.  Approval  of  applicants  for  competition. 

c.  Checking  and  approval  of  all  legal  docu- 
ments. 

d.  Checking   and   approval   of   all   plans   and 
specifications. 

e.  Geiieral  administration  of  the  work. 

C.  Competitors: 

1 .  Any  certified  practicing  architect  may  sub- 
mit his  application  and  if  approved  by  the  Ad- 
visory Board  may  enter  the  competition. 

2.  The  Advisory  Board  may  require  the  asso- 
ciation of  two  or  more  firms  for  competitions  ex- 
ceeding a  certain  amount  of  cost.  Any  architect 
may  be  qualified  on  a  particular  project  (even  if 
not  qualified  individually)  provided  he  associates 
with  an  architect  properly  qualified  for  the  work. 

3.  The  decision  of  the  Advisory  Board  will  be 
final  in  regard  to  the  eligibility  of  all  applicants 
for  the  competition. 

D.  Program  Requirements: 

1 .  Programs  of  competition  shall  be  written  in 
such  a  way  as  to  assure  the  minimum  amount  of 
elaborate  draftsmanship  on  the  part  of  the  com- 
petitors. 

E.  Jury: 

1.  The  jury  shall  consist  of  one  (1)  member 
of  each  competing  group  elected  by  that  group  as 
its  representative, 

2.  The  jury  shall  inspect  all  the  drawings  and 
vote  upon  the  various  designs  until  the  successful 
competitor  has  been  selected. 

3.  In  addition  to  the  winning  design,  the  jury 
shall  designate  the  designs  placed  second  and 
third. 

F.  Appointment  of  the  Architect: 

1.  The  successful  competitor  or  group,  upon 
recommendation  of  the  design  jury,  shall  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  Owner  as  the  architect  for  the 
project. 

2.  The  successful  competitor  must  associate 
with  himself  one  or  more  architects  who  have  been 
approved  by  the  Advisory  Board  for  each  $500,- 
000  of  the  cost  of  the  proposed  building,    How- 


Thc  Architect  and  Engineer,  April,  1934 


63 


Once  again 

KOH^hNOOR 

goes  to  the  Pole! 


Literally,  from  one  end  of  the  earth  to  the 
other,  Koh-I-Noor  Pencils  are  used  and  pre- 
ferred ! 

Admiral  Byrd  used  Koh-I-Noor  for  his  1930 
expedition  to  the  South  Pole.  Admiral  Peary, 
on  his  historic  dash  to  the  North  Pole  used 
the  Koh-I-Noor  to  keep  his  records.  And 
when  the  body  of  Andree,  famous  Norwegian 
explorer,  was  found  after  33  years  under 
Arctic  snows,  his  diary,  still  legible,  contained 
the  Koh-I-Noor  Pencil  used  to  make  the 
entries! 

Now  again,  as  in  1897,  1909  and  1930, 
Koh-I-Noor  accompanies  an  important  polar 
expedition.  Admiral  Byrd  has  specified 
Koh-I-Noor  for  his  present  expedition! 
Wherever  important  records  are  made  ...  in 
business  centers,  as  well  as  far-flung  outposts 
.  .  .  vou'U  find  Koh-I-Noor  Pencils!  Koh-I- 
Noor'  Pencil  Co.,  Inc.,  373  Fourth  Avenue, 
New  York,  N.  Y. 


ever,  the  maximum  number  of  architects  thus  as- 
sociated shall  not  exceed  five  (5). 

3.  Upon  appointment,  the  Architect  and  his  as- 
sociates will  proceed  with  the  preparation  of  such 
additional  sketches  as  may  be  required  to  further 
develop  the  project  and  upon  the  approval  of  such 
preliminary  studies,  proceed  with  the  completion 
of  the  working  drawings,  specifications  and  con- 
tract under  the  direction  of  the  Supervising  Arch- 
itect and   the  Advisory  Board. 


64 


OREGON  CHAPTER  A.I.A. 
The   Oregon   Chapter,   A. I. A.,   met   for   dinner 
at  6:00  P.M.,  at  the  Oregon  Grill,  Portland. 

Members  and  associates  present  were  Messrs. 
Parker,     Aandahl,     Legge,     Sundeleaf,     Herzog, 
Linde,    Logan,    Roehr,    MacPike,    Wick,    Marsh, 
Hemenway,  Brookman  and  Howell  . 
President  Parker  presided. 

The  minutes  of  the  regular  meeting  held  Feb- 
ruary 20th,  were  read  and  approved. 

The  president  welcomed  Mr.  Wick,  new  asso- 
ciate. 

Mr.  Parker  read  a  letter  from  five  A.I.A.  mem- 
bers, requesting  the  Chapter  to  nominate  Mr. 
Russell  for  reelection  as  President.  Referred  to 
the  next  meeting. 

Mr.  Parker  read  a  letter  from  Mr.  Holland, 
chairman  of  A.I.A.  committee  on  Preservation  of 
Historic  Monuments.  The  parent  society  has 
taken  up  the  matter  of  the  old  post  office  with 
the  Treasury  Department,  and  some  encourage- 
ment has  been  received. 

Mr.  Linde  moved  that  the  report  of  the  com- 
petition committee  be  accepted. 

A  discussion  was  had  as  to  the  desirability  of 
competitions  on  private  work.  Mr.  MacPike  sug- 
gested a  competition  for  the  school  work  contem- 
plated by  School  District  No.  1.  He  was  request- 
ed to  make  his  suggestions  in  writing  and  present 
them  to  the  secretary  for  consideration  by  the  ex- 
ecutive committee.  Mr.  Linde,  in  a  reminiscent 
mood,  told  of  some  of  his  experiences  with  com- 
petitions. 

The  president  reported  that  he  had  written 
Commissioner  Bean  that  there  had  been  some  crit- 
icism of  his  recent  vote  when  the  old  post  office 
matter  was  before  the  Council,  and  invited  him 
to  explain  his  vote  at  the  next  Chapter  meeting. 
The  president  then  called  on  Mr.  Aandahl  who 
gave  a  very  interesting  talk  on  Scandinavian  cul- 
ture and  its  relation  to  their  architecture. 

Mr.  Parker  plans  to  have  a  series  of  discus- 
sions on  general  subjects.  At  the  next  regular 
meeting  Messrs.  Brookman  and  Hemenway  will 
lead  the  discussion. — L.D.H. 

T/ie  Architect  and  Engineer.  April,  1934 


ARCHITECTURAL  PUBLICITY 
By  B.  C.  Greengard,  in  Institute  Journal 
HE  special  committee  appointed  by  President 
Russell  to  consider  the  small  house  problem, 


in  its  interim  report,  stresses  the  importance  of 
making  better  known  the  value  of  architectural 
service.  The  need  of  well  directed  publicity  to- 
wards this  end  has  long  been  recognized,  though 
efforts  in  this  field  have  been  rather  spasmodic 
and  hence  ineffective.  Advertising  experts  tell  us 
that  the  secret  of  success  in  their  work  is  found 
in  constant  repetition  and  keeping  one's  message 
continually  alive. 

Keeping  everlastingly  at  it,  is  no  doubt  of  prime 
importance  in  publicity  work.  No  less  important 
are  the  means  to  be  employed.  Occasionally  a 
series  of  informative  articles  written  by  architects 
for  laymen,  have  been  published  by  newspapers. 
However  excellent  these  articles  may  have  been, 
it  is  doubtful  if  they  were  widely  read.  Radio 
talks,  as  Mr.  Eugene  Clute  suggests  in  Pencil 
Points,  would  perhaps  have  a  greater  appeal.  Mr. 
Clute  recommends  especially  broadcasts  by  archi- 
tects in  smaller  centers  from  local  stations  on 
topics  suited  to  local  needs.  He  says  such  broad- 
casting "is  easy,  it  costs  nothing"  (an  alluring 
argument  these  days)  "and  it  can  do  untold 
good."  Such  a  radio  campaign,  if  persistently  car- 
ried on,  can  no  doubt  do  much  to  make  the  pub- 
lic conscious  of  the  many  ways  in  which  archi- 
tects can  render  valuable  service. 

Herein  it  is  ventured  to  suggest  still  another 
modern  instrument  for  informing  the  public  as  to 
the  architect's  work — namely,  the  motion  picture. 
Movies  photographed  on  16  mm.  film  that  can 
be  shown  on  portable  projectors,  are  widely  used 
by  manufacturers  and  industries  for  publicity  pur- 
poses. These  are  often  expertly  produced  and 
seldom  fail  to  interest  the  public.  One  may  note 
the  appeal  of  such  pictures  at  the  World's  Fair. 
Wherever  exhibits  include  motion  pictures  one  is 
always  certain  to  find  an  audience  gathered  be- 
fore it.  It  is  believed  that  a  film  dramatizing  the 
architect's  work  would  also  attract  and  hold  the 
attention  of  the  people. 

The  picture  might  visualize  the  designing  and 
construction  of  a  moderately  priced  residence,  say 
one  in  the  $12,000  class.  To  begin  with  it  might 
show  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Owner,  who  for  years  have 
been  gathering  "ideas"  for  their  future  home. 
They  have  so  far  progressed  that  Mrs.  Owner 
has  drawn  some- plans,  exactly  what  she  wants, 
excepting  that  she  is  in  doubt  about  the  stairway. 
They  know  a  "builder  "  who  would  take  care  of 
everything  and  "put  up"  the  house  for  them.  For- 
tunately they  have  some  friends  who  know  bet- 
ter. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Owner  are  induced  to  engage 
a  competent  architect  and  we  would  then  see 
our  hero  in  action.  We  would  see  him  in  a  series 
of  conferences  with  the  owners,  working  out  their 

The  Architect  and  Engineer,  April,  1934 


''',,'»'/R|H«'.- 


The  remodeling  of  homes  is  perhaps  not  as  in- 
teresting to  you  as  is  designing  new  ones. 
And  yet  an  architect's  ingenuity  is  frequently 
the  salvation  of  a  home  owner  who  decides  on 
ch£uiges. 

Invariably  the  electric  wiring  is  a  problem. 
It  is  out  of  date,  inadequate.  And  it  often 
presents  as  many  difficulties  as  the  plunibingl 

This  organization  has  developed  rewiring  plans 
and  suggestions  which  may  be  helpful  to  you. 
Homes  brought  up  to  adequacy  are  so  certified. 
And  the  certificates  are  of  tangible  value  in 
making  a  property  sale  as  well  as  evidence  to 
the  present  owner  that  his  wiring  fills  modem 
requirements.  Our  advertising  campaigns  to 
the  public  are  constantly  explaining  the  value 
of  "Red  Seal"  homes. 

When  you  have  your  next  remodeling  commission, 
may  we  send  you  some  data?  No  obligation,  of 
course. 

Cordially  yours. 


'Uct^UcoK  ^V^ 


ivuau 


DEPT.  J-4 
447  SUTTER  ST.,  SAN  FRANCISCO 


65 


MOXEL  METAL 

[High  Nickel  Alloy'] 

is  the  accepted  material  for  soda  foun- 
tains and  lunch-room  equipment,  just  as 
it  is  the  universal  metal  for  food  service 
equipment  in  leading  hotels  and  restau- 
rants throughout  the  country. 


CORROSIRON 

\^Add  Resisting  Iron] 

is  the  accepted  material  for  draining 
waste  lines.  CORROSIRON  meets  all 
State  and  Municipal  specifications  for 
drain  lines  from  school  laboratories  and 
chemistry  rooms 


Pacific  Foundry  Company  Ltd. 
Pacific  Metals  Company  Ltd. 


470  East  Third  St. 
LOS  ANGELES 


3100  Nineteenth  St. 
SAN  FRANCISCO 


551  Fifth  Ave. 
NEW  YORK 


The    only    Building    Paper    with    a    Factor    of    Safety 


B 


ROWNSKI 

Resilient  Waterproof 
Building    Paper 


N 


BROWNSKIN  BUILDING  PAPER  will 
stretch  more  than  one  inch  to  the  foot,  enough 
to  meet  all  strains  without  breaking  or  lessen- 
ing its  complete  protection  against  water,  wind 
and  moisture.  To  make  and  keep  your  house 
tight,  use  BROWNSKIN. 

Ask  Your  Architect 

Buy  from  Your  Dealer 

Manufactured  By 

ANGIER      CORPORATION 

Framingham,  Mass. 

PACIFIC   COAST  DISTRIBUTORS 

Barnes  Corning  Company 

DOuglas  6810 
30  STERLING  STREET  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CALIF. 


Los  Angeles 


CONCRETE 

FOR 

San  Francisco  Pier  and  Fender 
and  Marin  Pier 

—  and  — 

Anchorages  and  Piers  of 
Approach  Spans 

OF  THE 

GOLDEX   GATE   BRIDGE 

FURNISHED   BY 

PACIFIC  COAST  AGGREGATES,  INC. 

GOLDEN    GATE -ATLAS    MATERIALS    COMPANY 
85  Second  Street  San  Francisco 


MODERNIZE  with  a 

CUTLER  MAIL  CHUTE 


Expected  as  a  matter 
of  course  in  the  mod- 
ern office  buildins  or 
apartment. 

It  guarantees  to  tfie  ten- 
ant up-to-date  service 
and  saves  the  owner 
its  cost  in  reduced 
elevator  operation. 

Full  information,  details,  speci- 
fications and  estimates 
on  request. 


PRICE  BUILDING  SPECIALTIES,  San  Francisco,  California 

B  L  WILCOX,  BUILDING  SPECIALTIES, 

2071  Laura  Ave.,  Huntinston  Pk.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

D.  E.  FRYER  &  COMPANY,  S\7?°r?^'^' 

Seattle,  Washington  Portland,  Oregon 

FRYER-FORD  COMPANY,  Spokane,  Washington 

CUTLER  MAIL  CHUTE  CO 

General  Offices  and  Factory,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 


66 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  April,  1934 


individual  problem.  He  would  study  the  site  and 
show  how  its  peculiarities  are  considered  in  the 
design  of  the  house.  The  evolution  of  a  series  of 
sketches  would  be  seen,  floor  plans  and  elevations 
coming  into  being.  Adjustments  necessary  for 
coming  within  the  owners'  budget  would  be  indi- 
cated. Then  would  follow  the  process  of  translat- 
ing the  approved  sketches  into  working  drawings 
and  specifications.  The  routine  of  taking  bids  and 
the  letting  of  contracts  would  be  shown.  In  many 
such  ways  it  could  be  made  convincing  how  thor- 
oughly the  architect  earns  his  fee.  The  actual 
construction  of  the  house  would  then  be  illustrated 
from  excavating  to  the  last  coat  of  paint,  all 
under  the  expert  supervision  of  the  architect.  It 
would  be  made  clear  that  only  through  this  super- 
vision of  the  architect  can  assurance  be  had  that 
plans  and  specifications  will  be  faithfully  carried 
out;  that  the  architect  is  indispensible  during  con- 
struction as  well  as  previously,  ever  guarding  the 
owner's  interests  and  making  certain  that  the 
owner  receives  value  for  what  he  pays.  Finally 
illustrations  might  be  introduced  showing  the  dif- 
ferences between  jerry  built  houses  and  well  con- 
structed ones,  the  contrast  between  bad  and  good 
design. 

It  goes  without  saying  that  the  scenario  of 
such  a  picture  would  have  to  be  worked  out  ex- 
pertly with  all  the  touches  of  human  interest  that 
would  keep  it  from  being  "dry".  There  should 
be  nothing  amateurish  about  production  and  pho- 
tography. Unlike  the  suggestion  regarding  broad- 
casting from  local  stations,  the  production  of  such 
a  film  would  require  an  outlay  of  money.  Yet  in- 
formation obtained  from  organizations  who  spe- 
cialize in  the  production  of  such  films,  gives  one 
reason  to  believe  that  the  cost  need  not  be  pro- 
hibitive. In  all  likelihood  it  could  be  covered  by 
the  sale  of  copies  of  the  film.  The  price  per  copy 
could  be  made  reasonable  enough  so  that  each  of 
our  sixty-seven  Chapters  could  subscribe  for  one. 
It  is  also  likely  that  other  organizations  interested 
in  advancing  the  cause  of  good  design  and  con- 
struction in  home  building  would  wish  to  make 
use  of  this  film.  The  picture  would  fulfill  its  pur- 
pose most  effectively,  as  it  could  be  shown  to 
countless  luncheon  clubs,  neighborhood  associa- 
tions, women's  clubs  and  all  gatherings  through- 
out the  country  where  potential  home  owners  may 
be  found.  

ANGIER  CORP.  MAKES  CHANGE 
The  Pacific  Coast  distributors  for  the  building 
materials  of  the  Angier  Corporation.  Framingham, 
Mass.,  will  hereafter  be  located  at  269  Potrero 
Avenue,  San  Francisco,  and  539  South  Clarence 
Street,  Los  Angeles.  The  Angier  Corporation  will 
handle,  through  S.  E.  Scott,  its  own  products 
under  its  own  name.  The  Barnes  Corning  Com- 
pany will  no  longer  act  as  distributing  agents. 


Stanley 
Ball  Bearing  Hinges 


lOR  smooth,  trouble-free  operation  of 
doors   for   the   life   of  the    building. 


You  will  find  our  "Architect';;  Man- 
ual of  Stanley  Hardware"  very 
useful  in  making  up  hardware 
specifications.     Send  for  a  copy. 


THE  STANLEY  WORKS 
New  Britain,  Conn. 

SAN   FRANCISCO 
576  Monadnock  BIdg. 

LOS  ANGELES 
1202  Washington  BIdg. 

SEAHLE 
501  Maynard  BIdg. 


[STANLEY] 


BUILD 
WELL' 

A  PROPERLY  designed  and  well  built 

building  is  a  credit  to  any  city  and 

a  worth  while  investment  for  its  owner. 

Such  structures  are  the  Stand- 
ard Oil  Building,  Matson 
Building,  Four-Fifty  Sut- 
ter Street,  Stock  Exchange, 
S.  F.  Base  Ball  Park,  Mills 
Tower,  Opera  House  and 
Veterans'  Memorial  and 
other  notable  structures  — •  all 
built  or  supervised  by  — 

Lindqren  &  SiDinerlon,  Inc. 

Standard  Oil  Building 
San  Francisco 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  April,  1934 


ANOTHER  NEW  CATALOG 

Another  new  Johnson  catalog,  just  off  the 
press,  features  the  Johnson  Types  30-A  and 
30-H  Oil  Burners.  This  line  of  burners  was  de- 
esigned  to  operate  on  the  cheaper  grades  of  fuel 
oil,    namely.    Pacific    Coast    Diesel    and    heavier. 

These  burners  are  available  in  five  sizes  with 
a  steam  radiating  capacity  of  from  1385  to 
27,800  sq.  ft.  The  small  sizes  are  adaptable  to 
large  homes  and  apartments,  the  larger  sizes  for 
public  buildings  and  industrial  plants. 

Where  large  capacity  and  lowest  cost  fuels 
are  a  prerequisite,  specify  a  Johnson  30-A  or 
30-H.  Write  for  a  copy  of  our  catalog  No.  31-B 
which    illustrates    and    describes    these    burners. 

S.  T.  J0HIVS01\  COMPANY 

940    ARLINGTON     AVENUE 
OAKLAND,         CALIFORNIA 


REILLY  TRANSPARENT 
PENETRATING  CREOSOTE 

YOUR  TERMITE  PROBLEMS  are 

OUR  PROBLEMS 

Our  business  is  the  manufacture  and 
sale  of  coal-tar  products.  REILL\ 
TRANSPARENT  PENETRATING 
CREOSOTE  was  developed  to  meet 
the  need  for  a  creosote  that  does  not 
discolor  wood  when  used  as  a  pro- 
tection against  TERMITES.  For 
security  use  wood  treated  with  this 
CREOSOTE. 

REILLY  TAR  &  CHEMICAL  CORPORATION 

Execiiliie  Offices:  Merchants  Bunk  Building, 

Indianapolis,  Indiana 

.\rchitects  Building.  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

461     Market    St.,    San    Francisco,    Calif. 

^-^^  WRITE   FOR   INFORM.^TION 

/~^     DISTRIBUTORS:      Braun-Knecht-Heinmnn 

Co..  San  Francisco,  Calif.    I?".  P.  Fuller  and 

icUltJi     ^'''"   Son   Francisco  atid  Los  Angeles.   Calif. 

Braun     Corporation.     Los     .Angeles.     Calif. 

m>  American  Factors.  Ltd..  Hawaii. 


CROWN  CEMENT 
PRODUCTS,   LTD. 

1717 -17th  St.  HEmlock5171 

San  Francisco 

•  •   • 

Manufacturers 
of 

Certified  Vibrated  and 
Centrifically  moulded 
Concrete   Products 

•  •  • 

Wall,  Roof  and  Floor  Tile.  Insulating 
Partition  Tile,  Roof  and  Floor  Slabs. 
"Spuncrete"    Pipe    for    all    pressures. 


•>*> 


PRIMER  FOR 
"CELOTEX 

Architects  may  now  specify 
this  primer  when  using  Celo- 
tex  or  any  other  insulating 
hoard,  and  be  assured  that 
the  painting  contractor  will 
make  delivery  without  delay. 
For  the  first  time  "Primer  for 
Celotex"  is  warehoused  in 
San  Francisco. 

This  primer  is  manufactured 
by  Devoe  &  Raynolds  Co., 
Inc.,  and  is  recommended 
and  used  by  the  Celotex  Com- 
pany and  other  insulating 
board  manufacturers. 
It  is  economical  because  one 
coat  will  stop  suction  and 
permit  oil  paints  to  be  ap- 
plied effectively. 


California    Sales    Co.,    Imc. 

Distributors 

San  Francisco  444  Market  Street 

SUtter  8854 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  April.  1934 


AUTOMATIC  CONTROL  FOR 

GAS  FIRED  BOILERS 

By  Jas.  R.  Ferguson 


I 


N  the  operation  of  steam  boiler  plants  the 
possibility  of  complete  automatic  control  has 
been  one  of  the  outstanding  advantages  accom- 
panying the  use  of  low-priced  and  efficient  gas 
fuel.  Constant  development  work  has  been  car- 
ried on  in  this  field  until  now,  with  properly  de- 
signed equipment  and  control  apparatus,  an  ex- 
ceptionally high  degree  of  efficiency  can  be  se- 
cured from  the  fuel. 

The  automatic  proportioning  of  fuel  and  air  so 
as  to  hold  stack  losses  to  a  minimum  is  a  matter 
which  has  received  much  engineering  attention  of 
late.  Every  engineer  realizes  the  importance  of 
this  relation,  but  is  more  often  than  not  handi- 
capped in  his  efForts  to  maintain  high  efficiency 
by  the  lack  of  adequate  instruments  to  aid  him 
in  setting  his  dampers  to  provide  proper  draft 
and  to  vary  it  in  response  to  changes  of  load  on 
the  plant.  Even  with  instruments  to  indicate  when 
the  setting  of  the  dampers  is  right,  the  operator 
finds  it  extremely  difficult  to  follow  the  swings 
in  load  such  as  are  imposed  on  the  average  steam 
plant. 

Many  devices  have  been  manufactured  and  sold 
for  the  purpose  of  regulating  dampers,  but  out- 
side of  those  developed  for  installation  in  central 
generating  plants,  which  have  been  complicated 
and  costly,  none  have  been  available  that  would, 
strictly  speaking,  regulate  draft.  This  distinction 
is  made  because  the  damper  position  is  not  neces- 
sarily an  indication  of  the  draft  as  the  latter  varies 
with  the  volume  and  temperature  of  the  flue  gases, 
the  number  of  boilers  operating  on  a  common 
breaching,  atmospheric  pressure,  wind  changes, 
etc.  Furthermore,  the  common  type  of  control 
does  not  provide  for  accurate  adjustment  of  the 
damper  motion  to  the  motion  of  the  gas  valve  ex- 
cept for  a  limited  number  of  positions,  and  at  the 
same  time  requires  an  excessive  amount  of  atten- 
tion. 

Described  in  the  following  is  an  interesting  con- 
trol apparatus  recently  perfected  in  San  Francisco, 
the  Stoker  Combustion  Control  System — a  simple 
workable  instrument  that,  from  the  standpoint  of 
reliability  and  accuracy,  approaches  the  per- 
formance obtained  by  the  costly  systems  used  in 
the  largest  generating  plants.  It  provides  means 
for  accurately  adjusting  the  air  flow  to  the  gas 
flow  at  every  point  over  the  entire  range  of  load 
on  the  boiler,  and  the  design  is  such  that  any 
tendency  of  the  draft  to  change  from  that  initially 
detremined  to  be  correct  for  a  give  fuel  rate,  due 
to  a  change  of  atmospheric  pressure  or  other  cause. 


m 


m©i 


Rustless  Metal  Store  Fronts, 
Windows,  Doors,  Mouldings 
and     Architectural     Castings 

Good  buildings  do  not  just  happen. 
They  come  as  a  result  of  worliing  with 
good  materials  and  with  a  knowledge 
of  how  to  apply  them.  Consult  an 
Architect. 

THE 

'S'^'  COMPANY    *■ 
OF    CALIFORNIA 
Berkeley,  California 


The  Key  Route  Terminal, 

recently     completed,     was 

equipped  with 

HAWS 


HAWS  SANITARY  DRINKING 
FAUCET  CO. 

1808  Harmon  Street,  Berkeley 

Write  lor  our  new  Catalog 


•Wood  Carving 

•Architectural 

Modeling 

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BERGER 

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r  e  e  t 

SAN 

FRANCISCO, 

CALIF. 

Pho 

n  e     H  E  m  1  0  c 

k     4462 

\tOUNG 

man,   35,   s?eks   c 

jnnectior 

need  of  an 

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ing     agency     ma 

1     who     can 

write  copy,  handle   contE 

cts  and 

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engravings.   i>rinting.  art 

He    is 

thoroushly    fami 

iar    with 

the   mechanical 

side    of    the 

printin.it  c 

rafts,    capable  of 

buyins 

and  estimating:. 

His   articles   on   busines 

s,    huma 

n   interest   and   technical    ma-       1 

terial    are 

published    resu! 

arly    in 

trade    journals    and    popular       ] 

masazin.  s 

He    u 

nderstands   the   details   of 

direct    mall    adv 

rtising    and 

can    comjiile   booklets,    cata 

OKS.   etc 

'Tc     h 

as    owned    and    o 

perated 

his    own     faetor> 

,    producing 

building 

naerial.     He    unc 

erstands 

the    language    a 

nd    problems 

of  architects,   artists   and   c 

ontractor 

s. 

He  is 

not  a  "door-beir 

salesniE 

n   hut   is  able  to 

develop  and 

execute  s 

les  promotion  pU 

ns.   has 

a   receptive  mind 

and  is  able 

to    adapt 

himself   to    any    e 

nvironment  or   situation 

n    any    part 

of  the  wo 

r'd. 

Further    information    c 

an   be   s 

cured   by    addressing    Box    21        | 

in  care  o 

THE  ARCHITECT  ANE 

ENGINEER,  68 

Post  Street. 

San  Fran 

Cisco,   California. 

The  Architect  and  Engineer.  April.  1934 


69 


The  new  Decatur 
De  Luxe  Lavatory, 
illustrated  here,  is 
representative  of 
the  MUELLER 
line  of  quality  vit' 
reous  china. 

MUELLER  CO. 

Decatur,    III. 

San  Francisco  Branch: 
1072-76  Howard  St. 


The  Modern  Way — 

BUILD    WITH    STEEL 

Protect  your  Investment  from 

Fire  and  Quake 

Structural  Steel  for  Buildings 

and  Bridges 


JUDSON-PACIFIC  CO. 

609  MISSION  STREET,  SAN  FRANaSCO 
DOuglas  4460 

Plants,  San  Francisco  and  Oakland 


Apox  Bio -Air  Fan  Heaters 


1^  -T.'*^/; 
■"'"■I [j 


Portable  and  Wall  Types 

1320  watts  to  4000  watts 
Thermostat  Control  if  Desired 

Something   New   and   Better 

rests    show    50  1    Kreater   temperature 

rise  in  living  zone 


APEX  Manufacturing  Company 

Oakland,  California 

Distributors 

SANDOVAL   SALES   CO. 

557   Market  St..  San   Francisco 

APEX  SALES  CO. 
1855  Industrial  St..  Los  Angeles 


Product  of 

CALIFORNIA  SHADE  CLOTH  CO. 

1710  San  Bruno  Avenue,  San  Francisco 

Manufacturers  of 

QUALITY  HAND  MADE  SHADE  CLOTH 
IN  ALL  GRADES 


IVholesale  Distributors 

SLOANE-BLABON  LINOLEUM 


is  immediately  corrected  by  an  adjustment  of  the 
damper,  independent  of  the  gas  valve. 

This  system  of  control  employs  a  diaphragm 
valve  for  regulating  the  gas  flow  in  accordance 
with  the  Steam  demand.  The  gas  burner  pressure 
is  used  as  a  measure  of  the  rate  at  which  gas  is 
flowing  to  the  furnace  and  the  furnace  draft  is 
used  as  a  measure  of  the  volume  of  air  being 
drawn  in  by  the  stack  to  burn  this  quantity  of 
gas.  These  two  pressures  are  balanced  against 
each  other  on  an  instrument  provided  with  elec- 
trical contacts  which,  when  the  balance  beam  is 
displaced  either  side  of  normal  position,  actuate 
electric  solenoid  pilot  valves  which  control  the 
fluid  flow  to  or  from  a  hydraulic  motor  which 
moves  the  damper  in  the  proper  direction  to 
change  the  draft  the  required  amount  to  restore 
the  beam  to  balance.  The  instrument  is  so  de- 
signed that  it  may  be  adjusted  so  that  the  draft 
required  to  balance  a  given  gas  pressure  is  that 
which  supplies  the  correct  volume  of  air  to  prop- 
erly burn  the  gas  flowing  at  that  pressure.  A 
feature  of  the  instrument  is  that  adjustment  at 
any  given  point  does  not  affect  the  adjustment 
of  any  other  point,  so  that  when  a  point  is  once 
determined,  it  is  fixed,  and  change  of  the  ratios 
in  other  positions  of  the  range  does  not  affect  its 
accuracy. 

This  instrument  has  the  advantage  of  giving 
full  throttling  control  with  accurate  adjustment 
of  air  to  gas  at  every  point.  This  accurate  adjust- 
ment is  permanent,  as  the  instrument  automatically 
compensates  for  variations  in  stack  effect  due  to 
barometric  changes,  change  of  damper  positions 
due  to  stretching  or  slipping  of  damper  linkages, 
wind  changes,  etc. 

It  is  automatic  control  of  this  type  that,  with 
the  advantages  of  high  heat  content  and  extreme 
uniformity  inherent  in  natural  gas  fuel,  makes 
possible  an  uncommonly  efficient  performance  of 
heating  equipment  at  a  minimum  operating  ex- 
pense. 


CALAVERAS   AWARDED  TROPHY 

Operating  throughout  1933  without  a  single 
lost  time  accident,  the  Calaveras  Cement  Com- 
pany of  San  Andreas  has  again  won  the  safety 
trophy  awarded  annually  by  the  Portland  Cement 
Association,  according  to  an  announcement  by 
J.  B,  John,  chairman  of  the  committee  on  accident 
prevention  and  insurance  of  the  Association. 

Previous  awards  were  won  by  the  Calaveras 
plant  in  the  years  1931   and  1932. 

The  permanent  trophy,  an  eight-ton  sculptured 
monument  which  was  given  to  the  plant  as  the 
original  award,  will  be  fittingly  inscribed  with  the 
date  and  record  of  the  1933  safety  achievement 
of  the  workers  in  the  San  Andreas  plant. 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  April,  1934 


UNIQUE  BOOK-FINDING  SERVICE 

Every  person  at  one  time  or  another  is  con- 
fronted with  the  problem  of  wanting  a  particular 
book  that  is  no  longer  available  through  the  regu- 
lar publishing  or  bookstore  channels.  When  a 
volume  has  reached  that  stage  of  scarcity,  it  is 
designated  as  "out-of-print"  and  commences  to 
lead  an  elusive  existence. 

The  American  Library  Service,  1472  Broad- 
way, New  York  City,  organized  thirteen  years  ago 
a  world-wide  system  to  track  down  and  snare  out- 
of-print  books  in  any  language  and  on  any  sub- 
ject. This  service  also  extends  to  back  numbers 
of  all  magazines. 

Whether  the  book  is  technical  or  historical, 
genealogical  or  literary,  or  just  a  school  book 
through  which  a  grown-up  wants  to  recapture  his 
youth  by  re-reading,  the  American  Library  Serv- 
ice has  built  up  a  system  adept  at  finding  it. 

The  American  Library  Service  also  conducts 
special  departments  for  the  purchase  of  books, 
whether  a  single  volume  or  a  complete  library, 
as  well  as  autographs  of  literary  or  historical 
value.  

NEW  WINDOW  FOR  SCHOOLS 
Dalmo  Manufacturing  Company  of  San  Fran- 
cisco announces  a  new  type  of  window  for  schools, 
hospitals,  and  similar  buildings — "Dalmo  Sawyer- 
Design  Combination  Window."  The  new  window 
is  said  to  take  its  name  from  the  fact  that  G.  G. 
Sawyer,  designer  of  San  Francisco  school  build- 
ings, collaborated  in  its  conception,  and  because 
it  allegedly  combines  the  advantages  of  awning 
type  and  projected  type  windows.  These  advan- 
tages are  indicated  by  more  effective  ventilation, 
increased  protection  against  weather,  greater 
security  against  intrusion,  simplified  maintenance, 
and  greater  flexibility  in  operation. 

The  new  Dalmo  window  comprises  three  sash. 
The  center  portion  embracing  more  than  half  the 
total  vent  area,  is  of  the  projected  type  and  oper- 
ates independently.  The  lower  sash  is  the  man- 
ual of  operation  for  the  other  two  which  move 
together  but  in  opposite  directions.  The  lower 
sash,  hinged  at  the  bottom,  moves  up  and  in, 
simultaneously  actuating  a  down  and  out  motion 
of  the  upper  sash  which  is  hinged  at  the  top. 
Special  locking  action  at  the  jamb  achieves  rattle- 
proof,  weather-tight  fit  of  both  these  sash  without 
the  use  of  casement  fasteners  on  wide  windows. 
Pulley  for  shade  is  integral  with  locking  handle 
on  bottom  sash.  A  double  lock,  one  on  each  side 
of  center  sash  near  its  base,  prevents  motion  of 
projecting  arms,  and  may  be  released  only  with 
key  provided  or  one  similarly  shaped.  In  opera- 
tion, this  sash  may  be  opened  to  any  degree  to 
augment  ventilation  provided  by  upper  and  lower 
sash,  and  may  be  completely  reversed  for  con- 
venient cleaning. 


Pump  Governors 

Oil  Heaters 

Safety   Pump  Governors 

Relict  Valves 

Automatic  Gas  Reguluat- 

Oil-Burner  Go 

ing  Valv.-s 

Lit.le  Giant  In 

up 

Gas  Burners 

Oil  Burners 

Gas  Burniner  Equipment 

Oil  Pumping  Set 

Vacuum  Pump  Governors 

Oil  Valves 

Vacuum  Regulating 

Oil  Strainers 

Valves 

steam  Oil  Strs 

in 

Continuous  Flow  Steam 

Duplex  Oil  Pu 

mp 

mr 

Thermostats 

Boiler  Feed  Pi 

m 

Boiler  Feed-Water 

Water  Heater 

Regulators 

Oil  Meters 

VAUGHN -G.  E.  WITT  CO.,  Engineers 

C.    W.    VAUGHN,    President    and    Manager 

MANUFACTURERS  AND  DISTRIBUTORS 

4224-28  Hollis  St.  Phone  OL  ympic  6084 

Emeryville,  Oakland,  Calif. 


Recent  contracts  completed  — 

U.  S.  Marine  Hospital,  San  Francisco 

Ford  Assembly  Plants  at 

Seattle,  Long  Beach  and  Richmond 

Now  under  construction  —  Yerha  Buena  Tunnel, 
San  Francisco'Oakland  Bay  Bridge 


Clinton  Construction  Company 

of  California 

923  FOLSOM  STREET  SAN  FRANCISCO 

Telephone  SUtter  3440 


ANNOUNCING 

Dalmo's  New  Sawyer  -  Design 

COMBINATION 

Projected-and-A  wning-  Type 

WINDOW 


MORE  efficient  tentila- 
tioii,  increased  weather 
protection,  greater  security. 
Double  locks  with  key.  Wood 
sash  and  jamb.  Center  sash 
completely  reversible  for 
cleaning.  Write  for  detail 
and  specification  sheet. 


for 

SCHOOLS 

HOSPITALS 

ETC, 

DALMO    SALES    CORPORATIOIV 

511  HARRISON  STREET  SAN  FRANCISCO 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  April,  1934 


FORDERER 
CORNICE  WORKS 


Copper  Roofs 

Galvanized  Iron  Work 

Elevator  Doors 


269  Potrero  Avenue,  San   Francisco 
Phone   HEmlock   4100 


Melrose  Lumber 
&  Supply  Co. 


LUMBER  AND 
MILL   WORK 


46th  Ave.  and  E.  12th  St. 
Oakland 

Phones:  FRuitvale  0240  —  0251 


JOSEPH  MUSTO 

SONS-KEENAN 
COMPANY 

MARBLE 

and 

ONYX 


NORTH   POINT  STREE" 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

1801  S.  SOTO  STREET 

LOS  ANGEI.ES 


FERRY 

METAL 

SHELVING 

The    ideal   galvanized 

shelving  for  commer- 

cial refrigerator  in- 

stallations. 

Manufactured  by 

FERRY     SHEET 

METAL     WORKS 

INC. 

980  Folsom  St.             San  Francisco 

Telephone  KEamy  1573 

MODERN   HOMES 

The  colony  of  modern  homes  at 
the  new  World's  Fair  of  1934 
will  be  bristling  with  new  ideas 
and  suggestions.  Every  house  is 
to  be  completely  redecorated. 
Some  will  be  extensively  remod- 
elled. Others  are  to  be  removed, 
and  in  their  place  newer  efforts 
and  experiments  will  appear.  The 
landscaping  has  the  aid  of  a  sea- 
son's start.  Gardens,  massed 
shrubbery,  wide  lawns  and  flow- 
ers will  furnish  an  improved  set- 
ting for  these  homes. 

Two  new  structures  in  the  1934 
modern  homes  group  will  be  a 
two-story  steel  house  by  General 
Houses,  Inc.,  and  the  five-room 
bungalow  of  the  Stran-Steel  Cor- 
poration. 

General  Houses,  Inc.,  develop- 
ers of  fabricated  steel  panel 
dwellings,  promises  a  number  of 
novel  displays,  besides  the  house 
itself.  Among  the  new  features 
will  be  a  group  of  full-size  model 
sections  demonstrating  the  chief 
essentials  of  steel  house  construc- 
tion and  showing  the  progress  that 
has  been  made  in  the  utilization 
of  the  metal  for  home  building. 
This  exhibit  of  model  sections  will 
be  given  to  the  Museum  of  Sci- 
ence and  Industry  at  the  close  of 
the  Fair  and  will  become  a  perm- 
anent unit  in  the  museum's  col- 
lection of  architectural  subjects. 

The  Crane  Co.  is  erecting  a  new 
285-foot  exhibit.  In  the  middle  of 
the  Crane  Building  an  illuminated 
tower  will  rise  60  feet  as  back- 
ground for  a  giant  45  foot  show- 
er. Exhibits  will  be  entirely  new 
and  will  demonstrate  the  progress 
made  in  plumbing  conveniences. 
Health,  protection  and  sanitary 
advantages  of  proper  plumbing 
will  be  emphasized. 

Keeping  step  with  the  houses, 
the  special  buildings  of  this  area 
are  undergoing  remodeling  or  re- 
building of  an  equal  importance. 

In  the  effective  setting  provid- 
ed by  the  simple  lines  and  white 
stucco  of  the  Kohler  Building  an 
entirely  new  exhibit  is  being  plan- 
ned which  will  lay  its  emphasis 
on  the  luxury  of  the  modern  bath. 


P.   F.   REILLY 

Building 

Contractor 

and  Manager  of 

Construction 


730  ELLIS  STREET 
San  Francisco 

Telephone  TUxedo  9656 


Good  Buildiegs  Deserve 
Good  Hardware 


581  Market  Street 

SUtter  6063 


HARDWOOD 

FLOORING 

HEADQUARTERS 

GOLDEN  STATE 

FLOORING 
CORPORATION 


C.  E.  COATES.  Manager 
SAN  FRANCISCO 

Rhode  Island  Street 

Bet.  16th  and  17th         PhoneMArket  3177 


Specify 

DICKEY 

ClAV 
PRODUCTS 


Dickey  Maltertile 

Face  Brick 

Partition  Tile 

Fire  Brick 

Drain  Tile 

Paving:  Brick 

Fireprooflne  Tile 

Wall  Coping 

Floor  Tile 

Flue  Lining 

Common  Brick 

Dickey  Flashing  Blocks 

W.  S.  DICKEY  CLAY  MFG. 
COMPAN\ 

SAN  FRANCISCO 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  April,  1934 


Pacific 

Manufacturing 

Company 

High  Class  Interior  Finish 
Quality  Millwork 

Monadnock  BIdg.        641  Merrill  Ave. 
San  Francisco  Los  Angeles 

GArfleld  7755  AX  ridge  9011 

1315   Seventh  Street,  Oakland 
GLencourt  7856 


SMITH 

Lumber  Company 

OF  OAKLAND 

Lmnlber  amd  Mill  Work 


19TH  AVE.  AND  ESTUARY 
Oakland,  California 

FRuitvale   3174 


Ci 

E 

1\ 

E 

R 

A 

L 

R 

O 

o 

F 

I 

1\ 

G 

C  O  M  P 

A 

I\ 

Y 

HAKRY  HENNINGS 

• 

BEACH    AND    HALLECK    STREETS 

OAKLAND,  CALIFORNIA 

Telephone   OLympic    5203 


The  Kohler  Company  has  also 
taken  over  the  site  of  last  year's 
Dahlia  Garden,  which  it  plans  to 
convert  into  a  formal  garden  cen- 
tering about  a  fountain  and  with 
its  flowers  planted  in  rotation  to 
insure  perpetual  bloom. 

Home  Planning  Hall,  general 
e.xhibit  building  of  this  group,  is 
devoting  more  space  to  the  latest 
equipment  and  appliances  for  the 
home,  and  to  booth  exhibits  by  the 
companies  who  cooperate  in  the 
furnishing  of  the  homes  clustered 
about  it.  Exhibitors  who  hold  their 
exhibits  over  plan  materially  to 
improve  them  in  dramatic  present- 
ation. 

Two  other  houses,  which  while 
not  physically  a  part  of  this  group 
are  so  related  to  it  as  to  make  their 
inclusion  essential,  are  the  farm 
houses  being  built  as  a  part  of  the 
farm  show  south  of  the  Home 
Planning  Area. 

One  home  is  to  be  a  model  farm 
house  of  1950,  with  working  quar- 
ters on  the  first  floor  and  living 
quarters  on  the  second.  The  first 
floor  will  include  the  kitchen  and 
a  shower  room,  milk  room,  tool 
and  storage  room.  The  house  will 
be  planned  with  the  maximum 
functional  utility  and  efficiency  in 
mind. 

The  second  house,  called  the 
"subsistence  farm  house",  is  to  be 
a  structure  of  four  or  five  rooms 
built  not  to  exceed  the  cost  of 
$3,000,  This  house  is  being  de- 
signed to  meet  the  needs  of  the 
present  day  effort  to  get  people 
on  farm  plots  in  which  all,  or  a 
great  part  of  the  family  living,  can 
come  from  the  soil. 


YALE- 
BUILDERS' 
LOCKS    AND 
HARDWARE 


Unsurpassed  Quality 
Security  -  Durability 

Distributed  by 

MARSHALL   -   NEWELL 
SUPPLY  CO. 

SAN  FRANCISCO.  CALIF. 


REPUBLIC  STEEL 

CORPOaATION 


Manufacturers  ot 
ENDURO    Stainless    Steel;    TON- 
CAN     Copper    Molybdenum     Iron 
Sheets    and    Pipe;    and    Steel    Pipe, 
Sheets     and    Reinforcing    Bar     for 
every  building  purpose. 
Write  for  information 
Rialto    Building.    San    Franciico,    Calif. 
Firat    Natl.    Bank    Bldg..    Los    Angelei 
Smith    Tower    Building,    Seattle.    Waih. 


We  Print 

The  ARCHITECT  and 

ENGINEER 

"A  Thing  of  Beauty 

Is  a  Joy   Forever" 

942    HOWARD    STREET 

SAN    FRANCISCO 


TRANSIT- MIX 
CONCRETE 

A  Perfect-Blend 
Material 

Golden  Gate  Atlas 
Materials  Co. 

Sixteenth  and  Harrison  Streets 

San    Francisco 

Phone  HEmlock  7020 


SMALL  HOUSES 

Outstanding  Architectural 
Interest 


F.  L.  R.  Confer.  Architect 

• 

Architect  and  Engineer 
for  May 


Grinnell  Automatic 
SPRINKLER 

GRINNELL    COMPANY 

OF  THE  PACIFIC 


ENGINEERS  AND 
CONTRACTORS 


VALVES,   PIPE    and    FITTINGS 

601    BRANNAN  STREET 
San  Francisco 


I  The  Architect  and  Engineer,  April.  1934 


RATIONAL  ELECTRIC 
_  PROD  U  CT  S  — 
■   CORPORATlOn   ■ 

Subsidiary  of  Phelps  Dodge  Corporation 
Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


NATIONAL    "FIRE    STOP"    WIRES 

AND    CABLES 
NATIONAL    "SHERARDUCT"    AND 

"ECONOMY" CONDUIT 

NATIONAL  SWITCH  AND  OUTLET 

BOXES 


Pacific  Coast  Office 
400  Potrero  Avenue  •  San  Francisco 

H.   J.    Newton.   Manager 


Anderson  &  Bingrose 


General  Contractors 


320  Market  Street,  San  Francisco 
Phone  DO  uglas  1373 


Robert  W.  Hunt  Company 

ENGINEERS 

Inspection    -    Tests    -    Consultation 

Schools  and  Other  Structures 
Are  Built  as  Designed 

When    Construction    Matericls    are 

Inspected  at  (oint  of  Manufacture 

and   during   Erection    by 

ROBERT  W.  HUNT  COMPANY 


Cement,  Concrete.  Chemical.  Metallurgical, 
X-Ray  and  Physical  Laboratories 


Chicago      -      New  York      -      Pittsburgh 

Los  Aneeles      -      All  Large  Cities 
San    Francisco,    251    Kearny    Street 


Chicago 

HOSPITAL 

SILENT  CALL 
SIGNAL  SYSTEMS 


GARNETT    YOUNG    AND   CO. 

Pacific  Coast  Sale!  Engineers 
S90    FOURTH    ST..    SAN    FRANCISCO 
Seattle  Lei  Angeles  Portland 


OUTLOOK  BETTER 
[S.  F.  Chronicle] 

Encouragement  for  the  con- 
struction industry  is  contained  in 
the  various  reports  coming  from 
the  East  which  is  the  indication 
that  the  construction  code  may  be 
signed  this  month.  Another  is  that 
the  country  at  the  beginning  of 
1933  was  actually  short  500,000 
home  units  and  that  this  number 
has  been  increased  during  the  past 
year.  Builders  locally  have  hesi- 
tated to  go  in  for  extensive  opera- 
tions because  of  the  uncertainty  of 
costs  and  the  fact  that  firm  bids 
could  not  be  had  for  a  sufficient 
length  of  time.  When  the  code  is 
signed  it  is  expected  that  the  in- 
dustry will  be  stabilized  thereby 
eliminating  many  of  the  risks  at- 
tendant to  building  under  present 
conditions. 

Marked  increases  in  building 
activities  are  certain  to  follow  the 
signing  of  the  code,  according  to 
Kenneth  K.  Stowell.  editor  of 
Architectural  Forum.  He  declares 
that  hundreds  of  privately  financ- 
ed projects  all  over  the  country 
have  been  held  up  pending  the 
President's  approval,  which  was 
recently  granted. 

Features  of  the  new  code  Sto- 
well said  are  that:  Labor  costs  will 
rise,  perhaps  not  as  high  as  the 
old  rates  but  considerably  higher 
than  present  unofficial  rates.  They 
will  be  steadier.  The  unions  will 
be  given  full  recognition  and  col- 
lective bargaining  will  increase. 
Bids  will  be  fairer.  By  demand- 
ing that  duplicate  bids  be  filed,  the 
provisions  eliminating  bid  shop- 
ping and  peddling  and  other  forms 
of  "chiseling"  will  be  enforced 
unless  the  entire  spirit  behind  the 
code  collapses. 

Stephen  F.  Voorhees,  New  York 
architect,  it  is  reported,  will  prob- 
ably be  elected  chairman  of  the 
Construction  Code  Authority. 

While  recent  surveys  by  differ- 
ent agencies  of  the  housing  needs 
of  the  United  States  do  not  ex- 
actly coincide,  they  all  put  the  ac- 
tual need  for  housing  units  well 
into  the  millions  and  the  estimated 


SISALKRAIT 

REG.  U.  S.  PAT.  OFF. 

"More  than  a 
building  paper" 


THE  SrSALKRAFT  CO. 

205  West  Wacker  Drive 

(Canal  Station)    Chicago,  III. 

55  New  Montgomery  Street 

San  Francisco.  Calif. 


CRAN  E 

High  Class  Plumbing 
Fixtures 


All  Principal  Coast  Cities 


THE  TORMEY 
COMPANY 

GENERAL  PAINTERS 
AND  DECORATORS 

Phone  UNderhill  1913 


563  FULTON  STREET 
San  Francisco 


ELECTRICAL 
CONTRACTORS 

SCOTT-BUTTNER 
ELECTRIC  COMPANY 

Neiv  Address 

23rd  and  Webster  Streets 

Oakland 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  April,  1934 


Ocean  Shore 
Iron  Works 

550-558  EIGHTH  STREET 

MA  rket  0462  0463 

San  Francisco  California 


STEAM  BOILERS 
STEEL  TANKS 
SMOKE  STACKS 

•  WATER     • 

•  HEATERS     • 


LUXOR 


WINDOW     SHADES 

Translucent  Shading 

of  highest  count 

cambric 


William  Volker  &  Co. 

631  Howard  Street 

San  Francisco 


fcEATHER-STEEL 

RUBBER-COCOA 

WOOD 

Mats  and  Mattings 

Ezy-Rufi   Carpet-Tex 

Manufactured  and  Installed  by 

LEATHER 
MAT   MFC.  CO. 

340  Sansome  St.  San  Francisco 


cost  at  approximately  30  billion 
dollars,  according  to  a  review  of 
statistics  made  by  the  Southern 
Pine  Association. 


COMPETITION 
The  Brunswick-Balke-Collender 
Co.,  institutes  a  competition  for 
selection  of  outstanding  designs 
for  three  types  of  bars — a  Deluxe 
bar.  a  commercial  bar — and  a  serv- 
ice bar. 

It  will  be  conducted  under  the 
rules  and  regulations  of  the  Amer- 
ican Institute  of  Architects  and 
will  be  open  to:  — 

(a)  Architects,  draftsmen,  artists 
and  interior  decorators  who 
hold  University.  College  or 
Institute  degrees. 

(b)  Architects,  draftsmen,  artists 
and  interior  decorators  who 
do  not  hold  degrees,  but  who 
have  had  at  least  two  years 
practical  experience. 

(c)  Students  of  architecture,  art 
or  interior  decorating  who 
have  had  two  or  more  years 
of  work  prescribed  by  a  Uni- 
versity. College  or  Institute. 

Competitors  may  collaborate  and 
any  resident  of  the  United  States. 
Canada.  Mexico  or  the  Hawaiian 
Islands  is  eligible  to  compete  pro- 
vided he  or  she  has  the  above 
qualifications. 

The  competition  will  be  in  three 
divisions  with  separate  first,  sec- 
ond, third  and  mention  awards  for 
each  division. 

The  highest  prizes  will  be  for 
$500.  the  lowest  for  $25  with  a 
total  of  117  prizes  amounting  to 
$5,000.00. 

Applications  for  programs  must 
be  made  in  writing  to  the  Profes- 
sional Advisor,  A.  R.  Clas,  333 
N.  Michigan  Ave..  Chicago,  not 
later  than  June  1.  The  competi- 
tion closes  July  2. 


HOME-BUILDING 
A  conference  on  "Home  Build- 
ing in  Illinois"  was  held  at  the 
State  University.  Urbana.  on 
March  15.  16.  and  17.  under  the 
joint  sponsorship  of  the  Illinois 
State  Geological  Survey,  and  the 
Colleges  of  Engineering,  Agricul- 


Clients 
never 
question 
the 

dependability 
of 

DUTCH  BOY 
PRODUCTS 
• 

NATIONAL   LEAD   CO. 


San  F 
Los  Angeli 
Portland 


Oakland 

Seattle 

Spokane 


Phone  GArfield  1164 

Hunter  &  Hudson 

Consulting  Engineers 

DESIGNERS  OF  HEATING 
AIR  CONDITIONING 
VENTILATING  AND  WIRING 
SYSTEMS,  MECHANICAL 
AND  ELECTRICAL  EQUIP- 
MENT OF  BUILDINGS 

41  SUTTER  STREET 

ROOM  710 
San  Francisco  California 


DINWIDDIE 

CONSTRUCTION 

COMPANY 

Builders  of  the  neiu  gymna- 
sium. University  of  Cali- 
fornia; Grace  Cathedral, 
Russ  Building  and  Hartford 
Insurance  Building,  San 
Francisco;  Life  Science 
Building,  University  of  Cali- 
fornia, Berkeley. 

CROCKER  BUILDING 
SAN  FRANOSCO 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  April.  1934 


75 


McNEAR  BRICK 

FOR 

Beauty  and 
Permameicice 

McNear  Brick  Company 

Main  Of<ce  and  Factories 
McNEAR  POINT 
San  Rafael,  Calif. 

San  Francisco  Office  and  Yard 
417  BERRY  STREET 


J.  KAPLAN 

PATENT 
ATTORNEY 

Washington  Loan  &  Trust  Bldg. 
Washington,  D.  C. 

U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents 

Trade-marks 

Architects'   Plans   Protected 

If^rite  for  Information 

Agents     in     all     Foreign     Countries 


NORTOX  DOOR 

CLOSER 

CO. 


Agents 

NORTON  PACIFIC  SALES  CO. 

667  Howard  Street  San   Francisco 


McClintic-Marshall 
Corporation 


Subsidiary  of 
Bethlehem 


Steel 
Corporation 


STEEL  BRIDGES 
and  BUILDINGS 

llOth    St.    &    Central    Ave. 
Los  Angeles.  Calif. 


ture,  and  Fine  and  Applied  Arts 
of  the  University. 

An  impressive  list  of  national 
and  statewide  professional  asso- 
ciations showed  their  approval  of 
the  Conference  by  lending  their 
cooperation  and  by  sending  rep- 
resentatives to  the  sessions,  at 
which  all  phases  of  home  construc- 
tion and  maintenance  were  dis- 
cussed, with  special  emphasis  on 
the  mineral  resources  of  Illinois 
available  for  home  building. 

Papers  were  presented  by  out- 
standing authorities  on  the  sub- 
jects of  Home  Building  Needs  in 
Illinois;  Principles  of  Good  House 
Construction;  Mineral  Construc- 
tion Resources  and  Products  of 
Illinois;  Reduction  of  Home  Con- 
struction Costs;  Elements  Deter- 
mining Investment  Values  of 
Homes;  Reinforced  Brick  Masonry 
in  House  Construction;  Heating 
Equipment  and  Fuels;  Home  Dec- 
oration; Rural  Homes;  Good  Arch- 
itecture and  Landscaping;  Insula- 
tion; Ventilation;  and  Air-Condi- 
tioning. 


PLUMBER  ACCUSED 

George  C.  Asmussen,  plumbing 
contractor  at  763  A  Street,  Hay- 
ward,  convicted  recently  in  justice 
court  on  charges  of  illegally  oper- 
ating as  a  contractor  in  violation 
of  state  law,  has  announced  he 
will  appeal  to  the  state  registrar 
of  contractors  for  a  license. 

Asmussen  was  convicted  in  the 
Hayward  justice  court  recently  on 
four  counts  of  violation  of  the  state 
law.  He  has  alleged  to  have  sub- 
mitted bids  on  construction  work 
without  being  registered  as  a  con- 
tractor. Justice  Manley  Clark, 
Livermore,  sentenced  Asmussen  to 
pay  a  $200  fine — $50  on  each 
count — or  serve  50  days  in  jail. 
He  paid  the  fine. 

Evidence  showed  that  Asmus- 
sen submitted  formal  bids  on  four 
projects,  two  of  which  were  alleg- 
edly filed  after  he  had  been  warn- 
ed by  Deputy  District  Attorney 
Stanley  Smallwood  of  Alameda 
County  to  discontinue  contracting 
operations  unless  he  obtained  a 
registration  certificate. 


MULLEN  MFG. 
COMPANY 

BANK,  STORE  AND  OFHCE 

nXTURES— CABINET  WORK 

OF  GUARANTEED  QUALITY 

CHURCH  SEATING 


Office  and  Factory: 

S4   RAUSCH   ST..  Bet.  7th  and  8th  Sli. 

San   Franciico 

Telephone  HE  mlock  2858 


G.  P.  W.  Jensen  &  Son 


Building  Construction 


320  Market  Street,  San  Francisco 
Phone  2444 


MacDonald  &  Kahn 

General 
Contractors 

Financial    Center    Bldg. 

405   Montgomery   St. 

San  Franeiac* 


BUILDING  CONSTRUCTION 

Recent  Contracts  Completed 
Y.  W.  C.  A.  Building 

San  Francisco 
Library  Building 

Berkeley 
Post  Office  Building 

Oakland 
City  Hospital 

Palo  Alto 
Home  of  the  Blind 

Berkeley 

K.  E.  PARKER  CO.,  INC. 

135  South  Park  San  Francisco 

Phone  KE  arny  6640 


76 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  April,  1934 


**AN  FHANCISC'. 
-^  I     B  JT^  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

En^irNEER 


MAY  1934 


. .  .tIii 


is  Issue . . . 

■  ■  ■ 

Two  Berkeley  Homes  by  Frederick  L.  Confer,  Architect 

■  ■    ■ 

The   Marshall   Steel    Cleaning   Plant,    Oakland,    California 

■  ■    ■ 

Chas.   H.   Cheney   Outlines   New    Objectives   in   Housing 

■  ■    ■ 

Improved  Design  in  Highway  Drainage  Structures 

■  ■    ■ 

Bay  Bridge  More  Than  Twenty  Per  Cent  Completed 


California    State    Architect    Discusses    Features    of    New 
Earthquake  Law 


B.   T.  U. 


becomes  a 


GIANT 


when  your  fuel  is  qas 


A  giant  in  power  .  .  .  but  a  midget  in  cost.   For  gas,  the  modern  fuel, 

h  unsurpassed  in  " recoverable"  (effective,  usable)  BTU's*  per  dollar, 

for  praaically  every  known  heat  requirement. 

In  thousands  of  Pacific  Coast  buildings,  from  modest  bungalows  to 

sky-scrapers  .  .  .  from  factories  to  huge  public  structures  .  .  .  gas,  the 

modern    fuel,  is   daily   proving   its   cleanliness,    dependability   and 

economy. 

Satisfied  clients  and  "contented  tenants"  reward  the  architect  and 

builder  who  specify  modern  gas  appliances  and  gas-fired  boilers. 

(Control  may  be  entirely  automatic.) 

Your  local  gas  company's  engineering  staff  will  gladly  consult  with 

you,  review  your  plans,  furnish  estimates  without  charge  or  obligation. 

You  are  cordially  invited  to  use  this  free  technical  service. 


*BTL1  (British  Thermal  Unit)  — 

Standard  of  heat  measurement. 
Heat  required  to  raise  temperature 
of  one  pou)jd  of  ivater,  one  degree  F. 


the  modern  fuel 


PACIFIC    COAST    GAS    ASSOCIATION,    INC. 

{  A  non-profit  seri'ice  organization  of  which  your  Gas  Company  is  a  member)     447    SUTTER    STREET,    SAN    FRANCISCO 


fi\  aii  tufi^  o^  ^(iiM^ 


LflRCE^SfnflLL 

OLD  or   NEW- 


-fCd 


''Duo-Stat"  Zone  Control 

Heat  conservation  in  existing  buildings  — or  new  ones  — 
by  means  of  JOHNSON  "DUO-STATS.  "  The  various  zones 
of  the  heating  system  controlled  in  accordance  with  the 
proper  relationship  between  outdoor  and  radiator  tem- 
peratures. Also,  switch  and  clock  control  of  heating  risers. 

Regulation  of  Ventilating 
and  Air  Conditioning 

Thermostats,  humidostats,  switches,  and  a  variety  of 
special  apparatus  to  control  valves,  dampers,  and  other 
apparatus  on  temperature  or  humidity  variation.  Heating, 
cooling,  humidifying,  dehumidifying  —  whatever  the 
problem,  Johnson  equipment  is  readily  available. 


JOHNSON 

(hitamedic  GmtroL 

Room  Temperature  Control 

Room  thermostats  to  operate  radiator  valves,  dampers, 
or  unit  conditioning  machines.  The  well-known  Johnson 
"Dual"  thermostats  to  maintain  a  reduced,  economy  tem- 
perature in  unoccupied  rooms  while  the  rest  of  the  build- 
ing is  at  normal  temperature,  or  for  night  operation  of  the 
entire  building.  Separate  steam  mains  are  not  required. 

Periodic   Flush  Systems 

Johnson  periodic  flush  systems  save  water,  utilize  the  full 
force  of  the  water  pressure  for  cleansing,  and  reduce 
the  load  on  supply  and  waste  pipes  by  accomplishing 
intermittent   flushing    in   various    parts   of    the    building. 


JOHNSON    SERVICE    COMPANY 

Main  Office  &  Factory:  Milwaukee,  Wis.       •       Brancfi  Offices  in  Principal  Cities 


JOHNSON      HEAT     CONTROL 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  May,  1934 


Thumb  Tacks  and  T- Square 


PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT 
should  do  something  for  the  building  in- 
dustry and  do  it  now.  We  repeat  what 
has  been  said  many  times  before  in  this 
magazine — the  country  will  not  see  com- 
plete business  recovery  until  the  second 
largest  industry  in  the  United  States  has 
been  properly  taken  care  of. 

Conditions  are  again  becoming  acute. 
The  architectural  and  engineering  profes- 
sions are  suffering  as  never  before.  Con- 
tractors are  idle  with  nothing  to  figure, 
material  dealers  are  facing  financial  ruin. 
This  state  of  affairs  should  not  be  al- 
lowed to  continue  longer.  Write  the 
President  to  do  something  for  the  build- 
ing industry.    Write  him  today: 

«       «       « 

PARTICIPATING  in  the  recent 
Western     Conference     on     Government, 
held   at   the   University   of  California   at 
Berkeley,    March    20-30,    were    ten    na- 
tional   organizations   interested    in   public 
administration,   which   included: 
American  Legislators'  Association, 
American  Municipal  Association, 
American  Public  Welfare  Association, 
Governmental  Research  Association, 
International  City  Managers'  Association, 
Municipal   Finance  Officers'   Association, 
National  Association  of  Housing  Officials, 
National  Municipal  League, 
Public  Administration  Clearing  House, 
United  States  Conference  of  Mayors. 

Although  the  programs  of  the  thirty 
sessions  dealt  with  a  variety  of  current 
governmental  problems,  the  readers  of 
The  Architect  and  Engineer  would 
perhaps  have  been  most  interested  in  the 
four  meetings  of  the  National  Associa- 
tion of  Housing  Officials.  In  accordance 
with  the  general  plan  of  participation  by 
the  national  executive  of  each  organiza- 
tion, Mr.  Charles  S.  A.scher  was  present 
and  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  discus- 
sions. 

Leading  architects,  city  and  county 
planners,  housing  authorities,  economics, 
engineers,  and  public  officials  from  all 
parts  of  the  Pacific  Coast  region  contrib- 
uted papers  and  took  part  in  the  discus- 
sions, including  the  following:  Elizabeth 
Ashe,  Raymond  Ashton,  Edwin  M.  Bates, 
Ormond  R.  Bean,  Vincent  S.  Brown, 
Louis  Brownlow,  Pearl  Chase,  Charles 
Henry  Cheney,  Mayor  John  F.  Dore,  Al- 
bert John  Evers,  Alice  Griffith,  Carl  F. 
Gromme,  Bryant  Hall,  Gordon  Kaufman, 
Simon  ].  Lubin,  F.  B.  Palomares,  Hugh 
R.  Pomeroy,  L.  Deming  Tilton,  H.  B. 
Walker,  David  Weeks,  C.  ].  S.  Wil- 
liamson, and  Baldwin  M.  Woods. 


Of  the  more  than  650  delegates  at  the 
Conference,  over  one  hundred  were  in 
daily  attendance  at  the  housing  sessions. 
It  was  the  unanimous  opinion  of  those 
present  that  out  of  the  carefully  pre- 
pared papers  and  the  interchange  of 
thought  in  the  ensuing  discussions,  many 
public  officials  obtained  a  clearer  under- 
standing of  the  problems  confronting 
them,  and  suggestions  for  their  solution. 

It  is  hoped  that  the  Western  Confer- 
ence on  Government  may  become  an  an- 
nual event,  and  that  the  University  of 
California,  through  its  Bureau  of  Public 
Administration,  may  continue  to  serve  as 
a  central  clearing  house  for  officials  in 
the  interchange  of  ideas  and  informa- 
tion on  their  governmental  problems. 

— Samuel  C.  May. 

n      «      « 

JOHN  S.  STUART,  feature 
writer  for  Argosy  Magazine,  heard  so 
many  comments,  good  and  bad,  about 
Radio  City's  gardens,  that  he  dug  into 
the  thing  and  emerged  with  this  inter- 
esting bit  of  information: 

"New  York  recently  looked  down  upon 
the  gardens  of  Radio  City  with  no  little 
surprise.  To  waste,  as  they  put  it,  valu- 
able space  in  the  very  center  of  a  great 
modern  city,  was  amazing. 

But  few  New  Yorkers  stopped  to  rea- 
lize that  Radio  City  has  been  architec- 
turally patterned  after  the  ancient  city 
of  Babylon.  The  plan  of  the  Bible  city 
was  rectangular;  all  its  streets  very 
straight  and  around  its  squares,  which 
were  formed  by  these  straight  streets,  the 
private  houses  were  built  with  gardens 
in  the  center.  Individual  houses  were 
detached  and  consisted  of  only  three  or 
four  stories.  Some  of  the  city  walls, 
however,  reached  a  height  of  seventy 
feet!" 

a     »     « 

CHARGING  that  architects  as 
a  group  have  failed  to  co-ordinate  them- 
selves with  other  factors  in  the  construc- 
tion industry,  Harvey  A.  Schwab,  mem- 
ber of  the  Pittsburgh  Chapter  of  the 
American  Institute  of  Architects,  declares 
that  in  the  future  the  profession  must 
demand  higher  standards  of  performance. 
The  new  order  in  architecture  will  be 
built  on  whatever  foundations  are  de- 
signed by  the  small  group  struggling  to 
correct  past  errors,  Mr.  Schwab  says. 
This    group,    he    asserts,    has    an    impor- 


tance out  of  all  proportion  to  its  num- 
bers. 

"We  believe  that  the  future  will  re- 
quire architects  to  be  equipped  with  far 
greater  artistic  and  technical  skill  than 
ever  before,"  states  Mr.  Schwab.  "Their 
ethical  standards  must  be  beyond  ques- 
tion, and  their  economic,  social,  and  cul- 
tural gackground  sufficiently  broad  as  to 
enable  them  to  think  clearly  through  dif- 
ficult problems  and  arrive  at  conclusions 
of  value  both  to  their  clients  and  the 
community  at  large. 

"They  must  demand  from  themselves 
and  their  organizations,  as  well  as  from 
those  agencies  which  execute  their  work, 
a  far  higher  standard  of  performance. 
Finally,  they  must  demand,  and  be  wor- 
thy of,  leadership  in  the  construction  in- 
dustry, an  dearn  that  recognition  from 
the  public  at  large  which  is  rightly  due 
the  profession  of  architecture. 

"At  present  the  practice  of  architec- 
ture, as  we  have  known  it,  is  disappear- 
ing. Building  activity  requiring  architec- 
tural services  is  at  so  low  an  ebb  that  the 
private  practitioner  has  joined  the  ranks 
of  the  unemployed  or  has  been  forced 
to  enter  the  services  of  some  governmen- 
tal agency  as  a  draftsman,  or,  as  a  last 
extremity,  obtain  what  he  can  under  the 
Civil  Works  Administration. 

"A  fraction  of  the  profession  is  thor- 
oughly aware  of  the  situation,  and  is 
making  a  determined  effort  to  overcome 
past  errors  of  omission  and  commission, 
and  clear  the  path  for  the  future.  This 
small  group  has  an  importance  out  of  all 
proportion  to  its  members,  since  the  new 
order  will  be  built  upon  whatever  foun- 
dations they  design. 

"An  impartial  diagnosis  of  the  situa- 
tion reveals  the  fact  that  architects  as  a 
group  have  enjoyed  neither  that  recogni- 
tion of  their  usefulness  nor  the  public 
confidence  in  their  work  that  their  pro- 
fession should  command.  They  have  not 
co-ordinated  themselves  with  the  other 
factors  in  the  construction  industry,  nor 
have  they  interested  themselves  in  the 
civic  scheme. 

"It  is  evident  that  they  have  suc- 
cumbed, in  greater  or  less  degree,  to  the 
demand  for  bigger  and  more  cleverly  de- 
signed buildings,  instead  of  maintaining 
that  sound  and  stable  judgment,  tem- 
pered with  a  keen  appreciation  of  human 
relations,  which  is  the  background  of  the 
basic   philosophy   of   architecture." 

The  Architect  and  Engineer,  May,  1934 


VOLUME  117 
NUMBER  2 


THE 

ARCHITECT 

AND  ENGINEER 


MAY 
1934 


FREDERICK  W.  JONES,  Editor 

EDGAR  N.  KIERULFF, 
Advertising  Manager 

Contributing  Editors 
CLARENCE  R.  WARD,  San  Francisco 
CARLETON  MONROE  WINSLOW, 

Los  Angeles 
HAROLD  W.  DOTY,  Portland,  Ore. 
CHAS.  H.  ALDEN,  ieattle,  Wash. 

Consulting  and  Advisory  Editors 
LEWIS  P.  HOBART 
TIMOTHY  L.  PFLUEGER 
ELMER  GREY 
CLARENCE  A.  TANTAU 
WM.  L.  WOOLLETT 
W.  C.  HAYS 
JOHN  BAKEWELL,  JR. 
EDWIN  L.  SNYDER 
THOMAS  J.  KENT 
ALBERT  F.  ROLLER 
J.  STEWART  FAIRWEATHER 
JOHN  W.  GREGG 
RALPH  D.  CORNELL 
HORACE  G.  COTTON 
W.  ADRIAN 
JULIAN  C.  MESIC 
H.  J.  BRUNNIER 
L.  H.  NISHKIAN 


G^ontents  for  <2M.ay,  1934 


35  . 
36-37 

38-44 

45-47 
52  . 
58     . 


COURT,  HOUSE  OF  MR.  AND  MRS.  M 
Frederick  W.  Confer,  Architect 


C.  WANTZ,  BERKELEY 


TWO  INTERESTING  HOMES  BY  F.  L.  CONFER,  ARCHITECT 
NEW  PLANT  OF  THE  MARSHALL  STEEL  COMPANY,  OAKLAND 
Fredirick  Jennings 

NEW  OBJECTIVES  IN  HOUSING 

Charles  H.  Cheney,  City  Planner 

DEM.\ND  FOR  BETTER  AND  CHEAPER  HOMES 

BUILDING  BEAUTY  INTO  HIGHW.\Y  DRAINAGE  STRUCTURES 

R.  T.  Reinhardt 

TERMITES  AND  TERiHTE  CONTROL 

A.  A.  Brown,  Consulting  Engineer 

BAY  BRIDGE  IS  T\VENT\'  PER  CENT  COMPLETED 

ST\TE   ARCHITECT  CLARIFIES  NEW  EARTHQUAKE  LAW 

"George  B.  McDougall 

IMPROVED  DESIGN  FOR  DEPARTMENT  STORE  ESCAL.\TORS 

OUT  WHERE  THE  BRIDGE  BEGINS 

Chester  Sinckirk 

WITH  THE  ARCHITECTS 

PLATES  AND  ILLUSTRATIONS 

WORK  OF  FREDERICK  L.  CONFER,  .ARCHITECT 

House  for  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Raymond  Bowers,  Berkeley 

House  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  M.  C.  Wanlz,  Berkeley 

Sketches  for  two  Houses  in  Piedmont   Pines 
BUILDING  FOR  MARSH.\LL  STEEL  COMPANY,  OAKLAND 
Alben  Froberg,  Architect 

BUILDING  AND  PLAN.  MARSHALL  STEEL  COMPANY,  OAKLAND 
Alben  Froberg.  Architect 
CHART  SHOWING  PRICE  INDEX  OF  BUILDING  M.^TERI.^LS   FROM 

192  7  TO   1934 
Hardman  and  Russ,  Architects 
ARCH  BRIDGE  ON  STATE  HIGHWAY,  MONROE  TOWNSHIP, 

NEW  YORK 
A  FOREST  GLADE  IN  BUTTE  COUNTY,  CALIFORNIA 
TWO   VIEWS   OF   ST.\TE   HIGHWAY    BRIDGE    BETWEEN    MONTEREY 

AND  SAN  SIMEON,  CALIFORNIA 
TERMITES  AND  PHOTOS  SHOWING  THEIR  DESTRUCTIVE 

ACTIVITIES 
PROGRESS  PICTITRES.  S.\N  FRANCISCO-OAKLAND  B.\Y   BRIDGE 
MODEL  OF  NEW  OTIS  STREAMLINE  ESC.\LATOR 
\RCHITECTS    AND    MEMBERS    OF    PRODUCERS    COUNCIL    OF    SAN 
■  FRANCISCO     GUESTS     OF     COLUMBIA     STEEL     COMPAN\ , 

PITTSBURG,  CALIFORNIA 


Published  monthly  by  THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER.  INC. 
621  FoxcToft  Building,  San  Francisco.  Cali[ornia 

W.  J.  L.  KIERULFF,  President  and  Manager  FRED'K.  W.  JONES,  Vice-President  L.  B.  PENHORWOOD,  Secretary 

New  York  Representative— The  Spencer  Young  Company,  299  Madison  Ave.,  New  York  City 

Subscripiions-Vnhed   Slates  and  Pan-American,   $4.00  a  year;   single  copy.  $  .60.    Canada  and    foreign  countries,   $6.00  a  year. 


COURT,  HOUSE  OF  MR,  AND  MRS.  M,  C,  WANTZ,  BERKELEY 
FREDERICK  L,  CONFER,  ARCHITECT 


THE 

ARCHITECT 

AND  ENGINEER 


MAY  1934 
VOLUME  117 
NUMBER  TWO 


TWO  INTERESTING  HOMES  BY  F.  L.  CONFER, 
ARCHITECT 


e 


_  CALIFORNIA,  on  the 
shore  of  the  Pacific,  has  been  pecuHarly 
fortunate  in  having  definite  influences  on 
the  development  of  its  architecture.  Strong- 
est of  these,  perhaps,  has  been  the  Spanish 
Colonials.  Love  of  the  simple  and  the 
straight  forward,  colored  by  their  natural 
poetic  inheritance,  has  played  an  important 
part  in  the  development  of  a  style  com- 
monly referred  to  as  "California  Colonial." 
Counteracting  these  colorful  and  romantic 
influences  were  the  more  dignified  views 
of  the  New  England  sea  captains  who 
touched  our  coast  in  the  course  of  the 
China  trade.  Through  the  intermingling 
of  these  divergent  lines  of  influence  there 
developed  a  style  particularly  adapted  to 
Cahfornia. 

The  two  houses  by  Mr.  Confer  illustrate 
in  varying  degrees  these  historic  prece- 
dents. In  the  unusual  and  interesting  plan 
of  the  house  for  Mr.  and  Mrs.  M.  C. 
Wantz,  the  desire  for  privacy  and  seclu- 
sion, so  dear  to  the  hearts  of  the  Spaniards, 
is  admirably  achieved.  This  plan  lends  it- 
self to  the  gentle  sloping  Berkeley  hillside 


on  which  it  is  located  and  affords  the  maxi- 
mum protection  from  the  prevailing  breezes. 

The  low,  rambling  outline  of  the  mass 
of  the  building  is  reminiscent  of  Spain, 
while  many  of  the  details  of  the  design  are 
definitely  New  England  in  character.  This 
is  especially  true  of  the  interior  treatment. 

Common  white  washed  brick,  combined 
with  white  washed  flush  horizontal  siding, 
produce  an  effect  of  the  utmost  simplicity 
and  charm. 

In  the  home  for  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Raymond 
Bowers  the  lines  of  influence  are  more  de- 
cidedly New  England.  However,  the  use 
of  the  walled  forecourt  and  secluded  rear 
terrace  might  easily  be  attributed  to  the 
Spanish  motif. 

This  particular  lot,  due  to  its  situation, 
afforded  an  opportunity  for  a  more  open 
type  of  development.  The  forecourt  being 
amply  protected  by  trees,  removed  the  nec- 
essity of  a  high  wall. 

Here  again  Mr.  Confer  has  used  simple 
materials  successfully.  The  exterior  is  a 
combination  of  white  washed  lapped  sid- 
ing and  white  washed  brick.  The  interiors 
again  show  New  England  influence.    The 


^   n   ► 


ENTRANCE  COURT.  HOUSE  OF  MR.  AND  MRS.  RAYMOND 
BOWERS,  BERKELEY 
FREDERICK  L.  CONFER,  ARCHITECT 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^      12     ^      MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


HOUSE  OF  MR.  AND  MRS.  RAYMOND  BOWERS.  BERKELEY 
Frederick  L.  Confer,  Architect 


living  room,  sheathed  with  knotty  pine 
panels,  is  stained  a  light  honey  color.  The 
dining  alcove  has  simple  plaster  walls  with 
a  pine  beamed  ceiling  and  knotty  pine 
cases. 

The  use  of  dormer  windows  and  quaint 
wall  paper  in  the  bed  rooms  upstairs  com- 
plete the  New  England  picture. 

Mr.  Confer  has  achieved  in  these  two 
houses  a  fresh  expression  of  our  California 
precedents  and  has  demonstrated  the  prac- 
ticability of  a  straight  forward  treatment 
and  absence  of  unnecessary  ornamentation 
to  the  end  of  a  minimized  cost  of  construc- 
tion. 


PLANS,  HOUSE  OF  MR. 
BOWERS,   BERKELEY 

Frederick  L.  Confer,  Architect 


AND  MRS.  RAYMOND 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    13    ► 


MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


LIVING  ROOM  BAY,  HOUSE  OF  MR.  AND  MRS.  RAYMOND 
BOWERS,  BERKELEY 
FREDERICK  L.  CONFER,  ARCHITECT 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^      14     ^       MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


FIREPLACE  DETAIL,  HOUSE  OF  MR.  AND  MRS.  RAYMOND  BOWERS, 

BERKELEY 

Frederick  L.  Confer,  Architect 


STAIR   DETAIL,   HOUSE  OF  MR.   AND  MRS. 
RAYMOND   BOWERS,   BERKELEY 
Frederick  L.  Confer,  Arcfiitect 


DINING  ALCOVE,   HOUSE  OF  MR.   AND   MRS. 
RAYMOND  BOWERS,  BERKELEY 
Frederick  L.  Confer,  Arcfiitect 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^      15     ^      MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUB 


ENTRANCE  DETAIL,  HOUSE  OF  MR.  AND  MRS.  M.  C.  WANTZ, 
BERKELEY,  CALIFORNIA 
FREDERICK  L.  CONFER,  ARCHITECT 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    16   ► 


MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


ENTRANCE  COURT,  HOUSE  OF  MR.  AND  MRS.  M.  C.  WANTZ,  BERKELEY 
Frederick  L.  Confer,  Architect 


PLAN,  HOUSE  OF  MR.  AND  MRS.  M.  C.  WANTZ,  BERKELEY 
Frederick  L.  Confer,  Architect 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER       ^     17     ^      MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


LIVING  ROOM,   HOUSE  OF  MR.   AND  MRS. 
Frederick  L.  Confer,  Architect 


M.  C.  WANTZ,  BERKELEY 


DINING  ROOM,  HOUSE  OF  MR.  AND  MRS. 
M.  C  WANTZ,  BERKELEY 


SOME  CONFER  MAXIMS 

Every  house  is  a  compromise  between  the 
ideal  and  the  practical.  .  .  .  The  more  nearly 
these  qualities  complement  each  other  the 
greater  will  be  the  satisfaction  in  the  home. 

Good  design  aims  at  simplicity  and  hon- 
esty of  expression  without  ostentation.  .  .  . 
Good  architecture  is  always  sound  economy. 
.  .  .  Materials  should  be  used  consistently. 
.  .  .  Attempts  to  imitate  one  material  with 
another  are  unwise  and  generally  lead  to 
absurdities. 

A  house  designed  by  a  skilled  architect 
and  erected  by  a  reliable  contractor  will  be 
satisfactory.  .  .  . 

One  very  common  fault,  especially  in  small 
homes,  is  the  tendency  to  use  too  many  dis- 
tracting features.  ...  A  small  home  can  not 
be  an  exhibit  of  all  of  the  designer's  ideas. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^     18^ 


MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


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SKETCH   FOR   RESIDENCE   IN   PIEDMONT   PINES,   CALIFORNIA 
Frederick  L.  Confer,  Architect 


SKETCH   FOR   HOUSE   IN   PIEDMONT   PINES,   BERKELEY.   CALIFORNIA 
Frederick  L.  Confer.  Architect 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER       ^      19     ^       MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


i^^'^^^iS'vt-^. 


Ciini!  Carle  Veyielian  Blinds 


ENTRANCE  DETAIL,  BUILDING  FOR  MARSHALL  STEEL  CO. 
OAKLAND,  CALIFORNIA 
ALBEN  FROBERG,  ARCHITECT 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    20    ► 


MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


NEW  PLANT  OF  THE  MARSHALL  STEEL 
COMPANY  -  -  OAKLAND 


A' 


TRITE  remark,  per- 
haps, but  the  tact  remains  we  are  hving  in 
a  period  of  change,  an  era  of  re-organiza- 
tion of  social,  pohtical  and  business  condi- 
tions and  methods  far  more  radical 
than  the  normal  attributes  of  our  natural 
growth.  Recognition  of  this  fact  has  prob- 
ably been  the  dominating  influence  in  plan- 
ning and  constructing  the  newest  unit  of 
the  dyeing  and  cleaning  plant  of  the  Mar- 
shall Steel  Company  in  Oakland,  Califor- 
nia. In  an  ideal  spirit  of  collaboration,  Mr. 
Steel  brought  to  his  architect  the  benefit  of 
thirty  years'  experience  in  the  cleaning 
business,  together  with  ideas  gathered  in 
an   extensive  survey  of  the  most  modern 

plants  in  the  United 

States  and  Canada. 
The  plant  site  on 

Telegraph    Avenue, 

near  55th  Street,  is 

in    the    approximate 

geographical    center 

of  the  East  Bay  re- 
gion.   A  well  on  the 

premises      furnishes 

ample  water  supply 

for    all    operating 

needs. 

It   will    be    noted 

from  the  plot  plan, 

that     the     several 


by 

FREDERICK  JENNINGS 

buildings  and  departments  are  grouped 
around  the  cleaning  house  structure  which 
is  the  heart  of  the  plant  and  where  the 
washing  and  cleaning  in  solvents  is  done. 
This  unit  is  completely  fireproof  with  anti 
explosion  skylights  and  a  high  pressure 
steam  fire  extinguishing  system  .  The  plant 
is  equipped  with  new  and  improved  ma- 
chinery with  a  working  capacity  that  is 
ample  for  years  to  come. 

The  main  building  facing  the  street  has 
a  floor  area  of  over  twenty  thousand  square 
feet  and  contains  the  various  departments 
devoted  to  the  manual  operations  of  the 
cleaning  business.  In  addition,  therein  is 
housed  a  complete  and  fully  equipped  laun- 
dry department. 

Among  the  many  planning  problems  suc- 
cessfully solved,  is  the  provision  made  for 
daylight  illumination.  Natural  ventilation 
throughout  the 
plant  has  also  been 
ingeniously  provid- 
ed. Employees  wel- 
fare was  given  seri- 
ous thought  in  the 
provisions  for  ade- 
quate parking  area 
and  in  sanitary  and 
recreational  facil- 
ities. 

Cognizance  was 
given  the  fact  that 
the  the  Bay  Region 
being  subject  to  pe- 
riodic    seismic     dis- 


DYEING  AND  CLEANING  PLANT,  MARSHALL 
STEEL  COMPANY,  OAKLAND 


^    21    ► 


H.  1.  Chrhtenseii  Company,  BtiiUers 


BUILDING  FOR  MARSHALL  STEEL  COMPANY.  OAKLAND 
Alben  Froberg,  Architect 


PLOT  PLAN,  MARSHALL  STEEL  PLANT,  OAKLAND 
Alben  Froberg.  Architect 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^     22     ^      MAV,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


turbances,  the  entire  plant  was  designed 
and  constructed  to  best  resist  earth  stresses. 
An  outstanding  feature  of  the  Marshall 
Steel  plant  is  the  electrical  installation 
which  includes,  in  addition  to  the  usual 
motor  equipment  found  in  cleaning  and 
dyeing  plants,  a  number  of  machines 
especially  designed  for  this  type  of  busi- 
ness by  Mr.  Steel  and  his  assistants.  For 
example,  there  are  special  lifts  for  handling 
of  rugs  and  carpets  and  a  new  type  of 
cleaning  machine  for  cleaning  them.  In  the 
dye  plant  there  are  improvements  in  the 
dyeing  machinery  and  in  the  laundry  Mr. 
Steel  has  made  improvements  in  the  ironing 
equipment  and  in  the  washing  equipment 
which  eliminate  many  of  the  troubles  com- 
monly incurred  in  this  type  of  work. 

The  plant  includes  a  complete  explosion 
proof  installation  of  motors  and  lighting 
fixtures.  Practically  all  of  the  machinery 
is  individually  driven  and  controlled,  re- 
liability and  safety  being  the  dominating 
factors  in  the  layout  and  control  of  the 
equipment.  A  modern  call  system  of  elec- 
tric gongs  is  operated  from  the  phone  ex- 
change office  with  a  code  call. 

The  entire  plant  has  a  high  intensity 
lighting  system,  the  laundry  using  300 
Watt  Holophane  prismatic  reflectors  which 
provide  approximately  twelve-foot  candles 
uniformly  over  the  entire  area.  The  office 
is  well  above  standard  in  the  outlets  pro- 
vided and  is  illuminated  with  beautiful  fix- 
tures of  modernistic  design.  The  exterior 
of  the  building  is  equipped  with  a  Neon 
sign  designed  to  give  good  daytime  value 
as  well  as  night.  In  addition,  the  entire 
front  is  floodlighted. 

The  future  is  still  veiled  to  human 
thought  but  the  hope  remains  that  the  com- 
bined efforts  of  the  owners,  architects  and 
builders  of  this  establishment,  now  so  new 
and  modern,  will  result  in  a  postponement 
of  inevitable  obsolescence  for  many  years 
to  come. 


ENGINEERS  EXPLAIN  REASON 
FOR  LEANING  TOWER  OF  PISA 


I 


N  answer  to  inquiries, 

a  number  of  which  have  been  received  re- 
cently, concerning  the  reasons  that  caused 
the  builders  of  the  Leaning  Tower  of  Pisa 
to  deviate  from  the  vertical  line  of  about 
twelve  feet,  two  explanations  are  offered. 
It  is  held  by  some  experts,  who  have  visited 
the  tower,  that  the  foundations  were  con- 
structed in  a  careless  manner  and,  that 
later  the  builders  adhered  to  this  error  in 
order  to  prove  their  mechanical  skill  as 
applied  to  the  laws  of  gravitation.  It  is  now 
a  fairly  well-ascertained  fact  that  the 
peculiarity  of  this  Leaning  Tower  at  Pisa 
is  the  effect  of  accident,  and  not  of  design; 
in  fact,  the  west  front  of  the  cathedral  and 
several  of  the  columns  are  also  out  of  the 
perpendicular,  and  the  high  altar,  a  late 
Renaissance  structure,  had  settled  down  so 
much  at  one  end  that  it  was  found  neces- 
sary to  take  it  down  and  re-erect  it  in  1825. 

It  is  evident  from  the  spongy  nature  of 
the  soil  that  the  leaning  took  place  long 
before  the  completion  of  the  tower,  because 
the  upper  stories  have  their  columns  longer 
on  one  side  than  the  other,  and  the  top 
story  of  all,  a  later  addition,  is  built  up- 
right. The  upper  stories,  also,  are  set  back 
more  on  the  inner  than  the  outer  sides,  all  of 
which  points  to  the  fact  that  the  builders 
were    desirous  of  remedying  the  defect. 

Though  the  walls  of  this  celebrated 
structure  are  thirteen  feet  thick  at  the  base, 
and  about  half  as  much  at  the  top,  they  are 
constructed  throughout  of  marble.  The 
entire  height  is  183  feet,  but  the  ascent  is 
easy  by  a  stair  in  the  walls,  and  the  visitor 
hardly    perceives    the    inclination    till    he 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    23    ► 


MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


reaches  the  top,  and  from  the  lower  edge 
of  the  gallery  looks  "down"  along  the  shaft 
receding  to  the  base.  There  are  seven  bells 
in  this  campanile,  so  arranged  that  the 
heavier  metal  may  counteract  the  leaning. 
One  of  them,  called  Pasquaveccia,  was 
tolled  when  criminals  were  taken  to  exe- 
cution. 

The  celebrated  circular  Leaning  Tower 
at  Pisa  was  constructed  by  Bonanus,  prob- 
ably an  Italian,  and  Wilhelm  of  Innsbruck, 
a  German.  It  harmonises  perfectly  with 
the  cathedral  and  the  baptistery,  the  three 
buildings,  which  stand  in  dignified  seclu- 
sion at  the  north  end  of  the  city,  forming  a 


group  perhaps  unparalleled  for  beauty  in 
Southern  Europe.  The  lowest  story  is 
formed  of  blind  arcardes  and  half  columns 
similar  to  those  in  facade  of  the  cathedral, 
whilst  the  seven  upper  divisions  are  open 
arcades  with  isolated  columns,  running  up 
to  a  height  of  about  142  feet.  The  style  is 
pure  Romanesque,  simple  and  very  elegant 
in  all  its  details. 

Experts  agree  that  the  tower  as  a  model 
is  ill-advised  and  too  dangerous  to  attempt 
to  emulate  with  massive  materials.  It  might 
be  accomplished  with  steel  frames  for  an 
exhibit,  but  not  for  commercial  purposes. 

— Stone 


SKETCH  BY  BERTRAM  GOODHUE 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    24    ► 


MAY.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


NEW  OBJECTIVES  IN  HOUSING 


by 
CHARLES  HENRY  CHENEY 


Leading  housing  and  city  planning  authorities  participated  in  the  Western  Conference  on  Govern- 
ment at  the  University  of  California.  Berkeley,  March  28,  29  and  30.  Samuel  C.  May,  Director,  Bureau 
of  Public  Administration,  University  of  California,  presided.  One  of  the  outstanding  papers  was  read 
by  Charles  H.  Cheney,  formerly  of  San  Francisco,  now  of  Palos  Verdes.  Mr.  Cheney  is  Consultant  in 
Housing.  City  and  Regional  Planning  for  the  California  State  Commission  of  Immigration  and  Hous- 
ing.   His  paper  follows: 


Th 


HE  great  housing 
problem  of  the  country  is  to  provide  good 
houses  for  the  lower  two-thirds  of  the 
wage-earners  of  the  country  —  for  those 
who  earn  $2000  per  year  or  less,  and  who 
can  afford  to  pay  only  $15.00  to  $35.00 
per  month  for  a  home,  most  of  them  nearer 
the  lesser  amount.  The  upper  third  who 
can  earn  more  than  that  will  probably 
somehow  be  provided  for  by  private  enter- 
prise, which,  however,  cannot  afford  to  build 
for  the  more  numerous  poor  man. 

There  are  approximately  1 ,650,000  fam- 
ilies of  this  lower-income  group  in  the  eight 
Pacific  states  comprising  the  Southwest 
and  Northwest  Regional  Planning  Groups 
recently  established  by  the  National  Plan- 
ning Board. 

One  million  families  of  this  lower-income 
range  live  in  California  (including  those  on 
farms,  which  are  less  than  ten  per  cent  of 
the  total. )  These  people  in  the  past  have 
had  to  take  what  they  could  get  in  the  way 
of  housing — mostly  ready-made,  jerry  built 
and  exorbitantly  financed  buildings,  over- 
crowding fictitiously  priced  land — whether 


single  dwellings,  flats  or  apartments.  A 
large  part  of  them  could  obtain  only  badly 
deteriorated,  obsolete  buildings  for  which 
the  owners  could  or  would  make  no  repairs. 
Deteriorated  Districts  and  Slums 
Thus  the  poorer  paid,  and  the  down- 
and-outers,  take  to  the  worst  and  oldest 
buildings,  and  we  have  slums.  We  have 
them  in  nearly  every  city  of  any  size  on  the 
coast,  though  local  citizens  misguidedly  try 
their  best  to  overlook  it.  We  have  rural 
slums,  too,  in  plenty  —  farm  houses  with 
few,  or  no  modern  conveniences.  Except 
in  San  Francisco  and  Los  Angeles  county 
farm  homes  still  are  exempt  in  California 
from  the  requirements  of  the  State  Housing 
law  that  insists  on  windows  in  the  bed- 
room! No  wonder  the  women  folk  and 
younger  generation  so  often  prefer  to  live 
in  the  city! 

The  commonest  phenomenon  of  our  un- 
planned American  cities  is  the  core  or  dis- 
tricts of  obsolete,  deteriorated  dwellings, 
or  of  once  good  dwellings  depreciated  for 
lack  of  effective  zoning,  surrounding  the 
main  business  center  —  the  older  the  city, 
the  larger  and  more  numerous  these  dis- 
tricts generally  will  be.   Here  buildings  out 


^   25   ► 


of  repair  are  being  crowded  beyond  reason. 
The  last  four  years  have  aggravated  the 
situation  because  the  depression  caused  a 
doubling  up  of  families  that  has  destroyed 
all  ordinary  American  standards  of  living. 
We  simply  don't  realize  that  there  are 
thousands  of  families  now  living  in  our 
midst,  having  only  one  room  for  an  entire 
family  of  as  many  as  six  and  eight  persons! 
And  this  in  old  buildings  never  intended 
or  arranged  for  the  purpose.  No  wonder 
welfare  and  juvenile  workers  point  to  these 
deteriorated  districts  as  the  places  where 
the  greatest  number  of  delinquency,  crime 
and  hospital  cases  are  to  be  found. 

We  have  an  undue  share  of  such  condi- 
tions in  Pacific  Coast  cities.  San  Francisco, 
Oakland,  Los  Angeles,  Portland  and  Seat- 
tle have  many  square  miles  of  deteriorated 
residential  areas.  These  deteriorated  dis- 
tricts are  the  future  slums.  Nothing  is  be- 
ing done  about  them.  They  cost  the  tax- 
payers enormous  sums  for  extra  police,  fire, 
hospital,  court,  welfare  and  other  services. 
At  the  same  time  these  properties  are  often 
tax  delinquent. 

Actual  slum  areas  are  deteriorated  dis- 
tricts neglected  until  the  buildings  are  no 
longer  fit  for  human  habitation.  They  be- 
come lacking  in  light  and  air  and  sanitary 
requirements,  and  so  badly  congested,  that 
they  show  the  worst  disease,  crime  and 
other  infectious  troubles  of  society.  Their 
cost  to  the  tax  payer  is  beyond  all  reason. 
They  are  the  danger  spots  of  all  cities. 

Population — Growth  or  Loss? 

Population  is  the  measure  of  housing 
needs.  While  it  seems  certain  that  the 
country's  population  is  approaching  a  sta- 
tic condition,  it  is  reasonable  to  suppose 
that  with  any  return  to  normal  the  same 
climate  that  heretofore  attracted  people  to 
California  will  keep  on  bringing  them  here. 
There  is  also  the  elemental  urge  of  popula- 


tion to  drift  westward  to  be  taken  into  ac- 
count. 

Yet  the  centers  of  our  larger  metropoli- 
tan districts  are  certain  to  lose  population 
to  the  outskirts,  because  of  obsolescence  of 
housing,  decentralization  of  industry  and 
the  wider  range  given  even  the  great  num- 
ber of  poorer  wage-earners  by  the  automo- 
bile. San  Francisco  proper  is  hastening 
this  by  opening  up  the  bay  bridges  and  by 
resisting  the  building  of  modern  housing. 
Manhattan  lost  900,000  population,  or 
35'  r ,  since  1910,  while  the  outer  boroughs 
of  greater  New  York  gained.  Will  San 
Francisco  have  a  comparable  loss,  or  will 
it  create  modern  housing  for  the  lower-in- 
come groups  and  tackle  slum  clearance  in 
the  same  big-visioned  way  that  it  went 
about  its  bridges  and  other  great  works? 

These  are  complex  problems.  Their  solu- 
tion is  difficult,  but  of  fundamental  import- 
ance. 

Good  Home  for  Every  Family 

That  every  family,  even  of  the  lowest- 
income  group,  be  provided  with  a  decent 
and  attractive  home  should  be  the  objective 
of  modern  society.  It  is  essential  to  a  sound 
planned  economy — and  it  won't  hurt  the 
real  estate  interests  either.  Obsolete  build- 
ings and  slum  conditions  spoil  the  market 
for  good  property — worse,  they  depreciate 
it.  They  add  to  good  property's  tax  bur- 
dens and  generally  don't  pay  their  way 
themselves.  Only  united  public  action  can 
remedy  them. 

There  are  two  necessary  solutions  to  the 
housing  problem: 

First,  to  build  enough  new  dwellings  to 
take  care  of  the  need  of  this  lower  two- 
thirds  of  the  wage-earners.  This  can  be 
done  most  quickly  and  easily  on  areas  of 
land  that  are  clear  of  buildings,  and  com- 
paratively low  in  price,  to  be  found  in  the 
outskirts,  reasonably  close  to  industry. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    26   ► 


MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Second,  slum  clearance,  by  tearing  down 
existing  bad  structures  and  rebuilding  low- 
cost  housing  on  the  same  area,  with  plenty 
of  light  and  air,  playgrounds,  etc.  This 
takes  a  year,  to  condemn,  acquire  and  clear 
the  property,  to  close  streets,  to  rearrange 
the  area  for  modern  site  planning,  etc. 

Urban  Subsistence  Gardens 

Another  important  new  objective  of 
housing  is  to  provide  with  each  home  a  lot 
large  enough  so  that  the  low  wage-earner, 
who  may  hereafter  average  only  three  days 
a  week  of  work  in  industry,  may  raise 
enough  vegetables,  poultry  and  fruit  to 
feed  his  own  family.  Economists  are  anx- 
ious, on  the  other  hand,  that  this  lot  be  not 
large  enough  to  raise  more  than  the  one 
family  can  use,  in  order  that  there  be  no 
excess  products  in  competition  with  regu- 
lar agriculture.  Such  a  lot  in  California 
means  from  a  quarter  to  a  third  of  an  acre 
net,  including  the  house  site  and  flower 
garden,  garage  and  drive,  chicken  house 
and  chicken  run,  goat  house,  alfalfa  bed 
and  space  for  fruit  trees.    (Note  1.) 

This  is  an  ideal  standard  of  housing,  yet 
not  unreasonable. 

All  the  people  of  the  United  States  could 
be  comfortably  housed  on  10 '~f  of  the  area 
of  California  and  we  would  have  only 
three  families  per  acre. 

Obviously  these  urban  subsistence  gar- 
dens need  to  be  on  the  outskirts  where  land 
is  cheap  and  where  a  reasonably  large  com- 
munity can  be  built  in  one  operation  ( 75  to 
200  acres)  so  that  playgrounds,  commun- 
ity quarters  and  a  community  agricultural 
adviser  can  be  maintained  as  a  part  of  the 
scheme. 

Such  urban  subsistence  gardens  should 
not  be  confused  with  the  Subsistence 
Homesteads,  of  several  acres  each,  now 
being  fostered  by  the  government  for  the 
rehabilitation  of  the  unemployed.     While 


the  latter  projects  need  modern  site  plan- 
ning and  community  organization  they  are 
in  a  different  class  from  city  housing.  They 
are  to  meet  the  "flight  from  the  city,"  about 
which  Borsodi  writes  so  understandingly. 
Census  reports  show  that  over  500,000  city 
dwellers  of  America  went  back  to  the 
farm  in  1932.    (Note  2). 

Improvement  in  the  type  of  house  and 
in  methods  of  construction  is  needed.  As 
construction  gets  better,  housing  becomes 
a  better  investment  and  makes  longer  loans 
possible. 

With  government  loans  at  4%,  amor- 
tized in  25  years,  w^e  can  furnish  good 
houses  in  California  on  quarter  acre  sites, 
including  all  that  is  needed  for  urban  sub- 
sistence gardens,  at  $6  per  room  per  month. 
This  is  without  profit,  except  the  limited 
dividends  of  6%  on  the  15^^.  investment 
required  by  the  government. 

If  the  government  loan  rate  could  be  re- 
duced to  3' ,  it  is  said  the  monthly  charge 
for  the  same  home  could  be  reduced  to  $5 
per  room  per  month.  Why  should  the  gov- 
ernment not  do  this?  The  money  is  used 
without  profit,  for  a  public  purpose. 

To  keep  room  rentals  down  within  reach 
of  the  low-income  group,  slum  clearance 
buildings  must  be  kept  down  in  height. 
Recent  studies  seem  to  show  that  two-story 
flats  are  the  most  economical  and  that  they 
should  be  furnished  for  from  $6.50  to  $8 
per  room  in  California,  depending  on  land 
cost.  Reduction  of  the  interest  rate  would 
lower  these  rentals  also. 

Housing  and  Town  Planning 

It  is  clear  that  any  permanent  solution 
of  the  housing  problem  must  be  a  well 
studied  out  part  of  a  general  city  or  reg- 
ional plan.  Else  premature  deterioration 
of  the  housing  will  take  place. 

Two  schools  of  thought  have  divided 
those  interested  in  planning  in  this  coun- 
try. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    27   ► 


MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


One  has  believed  it  hopeless  to  try  to 
untangle  the  existing  mess  that  our  cities 
are  in.  As  in  England,  they  urged  that  the 
best  approach  to  the  problem  was  to  build 
model  communities  on  the  outskirts  of  the 
cities.  This  idea  was  most  prominently  ad- 
vocated by  the  Community  Planning  Com- 
mittee of  the  American  Institute  of  Archi- 
tects. 

The  other  school,  generally  followed  by 
the  city  planners  of  the  country,  has  be- 
lieved in  trying  to  bring  order  out  of  the  ex- 
isting city,  through  laying  foundations  of 
zoning,  major  street  plans,  etc.  Lately 
these  schools  have  found  that  a  combination 
of  both  methods  is  probably  advisable. 

In  housing  we  need  a  comprehensive  pro- 
gram for  each  metropolitan  area  that  will 
provide  both  for  new  low-cost  dwellings 
in  the  outskirts,  and  for  slum  clearance, 
each  properly  related  to  the  other.  As  the 
present  occupants  of  a  slum  pay  very  small 
rents,  it  is  seldom  possible  to  rehouse  them 
in  good  buildings  on  the  same  site,  for 
rentals  within  their  reach.  Hence  it  may 
be  necessary  to  provide  them  with  a  cheap- 
er type  of  housing  only  possible  in  the  out- 
skirts. Thus  both  the  solutions  of  the  hous- 
ing problem  mentioned  above  may  be  in- 
volved in  any  comprehensive  plan  of  hous- 
ing for  a  city. 

Housing  Programs  for  Two  Cities 

A  modest  initial  program  of  housing  for 
San  Francisco  and  Los  Angeles  metropoli- 
tan districts  would  include  (for  each)  two 
or  three  slum  clearance  projects,  and  five 
or  six  garden  home  projects  in  the  out- 
skirts. There  is  need  for  the  housing,  the 
building  industry  is  flat,  unemployment 
very  bad.  Ways  should  be  found  to  cut 
the  red  tape  and  put  men  to  work. 

"You  would  fight  unemployment  more 
quickly  if  you  could  start  building  new 
houses  on  lands  already  clear,"  said  Ray- 
mond Unwin,  the  great  English  authority 


on  housing  and  town  planning,  to  the 
American  Civic  Association,  in  January. 
Discussing  "Britain's  experience  in  low 
cost  housing,"  he  pointed  out  that  if  we  are 
not  very  careful  when  we  clear  slum  areas, 
we  are  very  liable  to  drive  the  slum  dwellers 
into  other  deteriorated  districts  and  thus 
only  spread  the  evil  a  little  further.   ( Note  3 ) 

Government  Aid  Necessary 

Housing  is  a  large  community  undertak- 
ing. It  requires  the  technical  advantage  of 
large  scale  planning  and  construction.  It 
must  necessarily  be  done  at  cost  in  order 
to  afford  rentals  within  the  reach  of  the 
low  income  groups.  There  is  no  profit  in 
it  for  private  enterprise,  and  hence  we  can 
only  expect  to  see  it  done  by  government 
(local  or  national),  or  with  government 
loans  to  limited  dividend  companies.  Hous- 
ing is  in  the  nature  of  a  public  utility,  and 
can  best  be  solved  by  treating  it  as  such. 

The  national  government  has  realized 
public  responsibility  for  housing  and  made 
it  one  of  the  principal  items  of  the  recovery 
program.  But  because  of  the  complexity  of 
the  problem  the  Housing  Division  of  the 
PWA  has  been  very  slow  in  getting  start- 
ed upon  actual  new  projects.  Some  of  the 
ablest  men  of  the  country  have  worked 
under  Robert  D.  Kohn,  its  director,  for 
many  months,  trying  to  make  their  prob- 
lems understood  by  the  public.  Slum  clear- 
ance was  announced  as  the  principal  ob- 
jective, but  they  have  found  it  very  diffi- 
cult to  put  into  actual  construction.  In  fact 
the  only  PWA  housing  projects  under  way 
until  recently  were  single  family  dwelling 
schemes  in  the  outskirts. 

But  one  PWA  loan  of  $3,230,000  has 
been  allocated  to  a  Pacific  Coast  housing 
project,  out  of  the  $150,000,000,  set  aside 
to  the  Housing  Division.  No  part  of  the 
$100,000,000  of  this  sum  earmarked  for 
slum  clearance  has  yet  been  assigned  here. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^     28     ^       MAY.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Yet  our  need  for  housing  is  great,  and  our 
unemployment  even  greater. 

We  are  3000  miles  from  Washington. 
It  is  expensive  in  time  and  travel  for  us 
to  present  our  case  there  in  person,  as  those 
at  other  closer  centers  are  able  to  do:  hard 
to  get  their  representatives  out  here  to  see 
proposed  projects  on  the  ground.  We 
should  persuade  the  Housing  Division  of 
PWA  to  have  a  responsible  regional  rep- 
resentative here,  to  treat  our  situation  as 
a  regional  problem. 

Actual  Need  for  Housing 

The  need  for  housing  construction  exists 
in  all  parts  of  the  country.  In  recent  art- 
icles in  "The  New  Republic"  New  York 
housing  experts  stated  that  five  billion  dol- 
lars per  year,  for  several  years,  is  needed 
for  housing  projects.    (Note  4.) 

We  certainly  could  use  $100,000,000  of 
such  money  in  California  annually  for  sev- 
eral years,  without  overbuilding.  That 
would  provide  homes  for  less  than  3 '7  of 
the  income  group  we  have  been  talking 
about. 


The  building  industry,  now  dormant,  is 
the  second  largest  in  the  country.  Indi- 
rectly it  affects  practically  everyone. 

What  sounder  public  policy  could  be 
adopted  to  solve  one  of  our  worst  social 
problems  and  at  the  same  time  end  unem- 
ployment? Among  the  many  good  reasons 
for  housing  construction  now  are: 

Nearly  all  the  money  goes  into  labor, 
most  of  it  into  labor  at  home. 

Improving  the  housing  of  low  paid  wage 
earners  raises  their  standard  of  living. 

It  is  practically  self  liquidating,  a  safe 
investment  for  government  money  and 
adds  little  to  the  burden  of  the  public  debt. 

In  many  cases  it  transforms  depreciated 
and  tax-delinquent  property  into  a  perma- 
nent revenue  asset. 

It  is  not  likely  to  compete  with  private 
enterprise,  because  these  wage  -  earners 
cannot  pay  the  profit  required  by  private 
enterprise. 

'  """see  brochure  of  Los  Angeles  Chamber  of  Commerce  on  "The  Small 
>.     lalph^rodi.   Flight,  from  the   City.-Harper     1933 
3.     Raymond    Unwin,    Britam's    ^l^riT^J     IQ?? 

4  I!^b^er?^m°y"r*'HTn;^  %Zl~t''^'t^^^  M^-fo'"-  New  Homes 
for  a  New  Deal-a  Concrete  Program.-TAe  New  Republu.  Mar. 
7    1934.    See  also  Feb.  14,  21  and  28. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      ^      29     ►      MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY  FOUR 


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THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    30    ► 


MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


DEMAND  FOR  BETTER  AND  CHEAPER  HOMES 


Better  homes  for  less  money:  teas  the  keynote  of  the  Home  Building  Conference  held  recently  in  Illi- 
nois. Men  prominent  in  the  architectural  and  engineering  professions  participated  in  the  proceedings, 
the  highlights  of  which  are  printed  belotv: 


t, 


)ESS  than  half  the 
homes  in  America  measure  up  to  the  mini- 
mum standards  of  health  and  decency.  It 
is  estimated  that  95  per  cent  of  the  farm 
homes  and  some  80  per  cent  of  the  village 
homes  of  America  lack  a  sanitary  closet 
within  the  building  and  almost  as  many 
lack  running  water. 

"This  rather  drab  picture  in  what  we 
fondly  believe  to  be  one  of  the  enlightened 
nations  of  the  earth,"  says  Rexford  New- 
comb,  Dean  of  the  College  of  Fine  and 
Applied  Arts.  University  of  Illinois,  "may 
be  difficult  to  understand  in  the  face  of  our 
abundant  resources.  ...  So  long  as  our 
social  fabric  is  predicated  upon  a  pattern 
in  which  the  family  is  the  unit,  so  long  will 
the  home  be  an  important  American  insti- 
tution and  home-making  the  most  import- 
ant task  of  our  people.  .  .  .  It  is  the  birth- 
right of  every  American  boy  and  girl,  no 
matter  what  the  economic  status  of  his  or 
her  parents,  to  have  the  decent,  cleanly, 
sanitary,  and  orderly  environment  neces- 
sary to  the  beginning  o[  civilized  human 
life.  This  much  must  be  vouchsafed  to  the 
rising  generation. 

"It  appears  that  adequate  housing  for  a 
large  percentage  of  our  population  will  de- 
pend upon  one  or  another  of  two  proce- 


dures: (a)  A  change  in  the  economic  bal- 
ance that  will  insure  to  the  low  income 
groups  a  larger  participation  in  the  nation- 
al wealth;  (b)  Governmental  participation 
in  housing  to  the  extent  that  low  income 
groups  may  be  insured  decent  habitations 
at  a  rental  or  purchase  price  commensurate 
with  their  incomes.  .  .  .  America  cannot 
long  dally  with  the  solution  of  this  prob- 
lem. It  is  no  longer  a  problem  for  individ- 
uals, for  housing  experts,  sociologists,  and 
the  like;  it  is  a  problem  of  the  gravest  na- 
tional concern  and  all  must  turn  their  hands 
and  minds  to  it  with  a  will  .  .  .  through  the 
production  of  good  building  materials  at 
cheaper  prices,  through  the  application  of 
simpler  and  more  direct  design  and  fabri- 
cation methods,  and  through  the  encour- 
agement of  an  economic  and  socially  rea- 
sonable scheme  of  land  utilization." 

L.  H.  Provine,  Head,  Department  of 
Architecture,  University  of  Illinois 
"The  need  for  efficient,  attractive,  safe, 
economical,  quiet,  fire-proof  homes  now  de- 
mands the  attention  of  this  country 

Many  hours  of  research  and  thousands  of 
dollars  have  been  spent  in  an  effort  to  pro- 
duce a  low-cost  house.  There  are  sectional 
houses,  pre-fabricated  units  for  houses 
made  from  older  materials  and  new  mate- 
rials, but  there  is  much  left  to  be  done.  Not 


^    31    ► 


only  must  the  materials  be  suitable,  but  the 
method  of  jointing,  assembling,  and  fasten- 
ing must  be  studied.  All  materials  used  in 
the  low-cost  house  must  be  so  selected  and 
so  used  as  to  reduce  obsolescence  and  de- 
preciation to  a  minimum.  The  tendency  is 
to  look  for  something  unusual,  something 
new,  but  the  solution  will  come  from  some 
simple  combination  of  common  raw  mate- 
rials. 

"The  first  cost  of  a  house  may  be  cheaper 
in  one  form  of  construction  than  in  another, 
but  will  the  total  cost  over  a  period  of  years 
be  the  less?  A  fire-resisting,  well-insulated, 
well-built  house  will  usually  have  a  higher 
initial  cost,  but  over  a  period  of  years  this 
house  may  be  the  cheaper.  .  .  .  The  people 
of  this  country  will  not  become  nomads, 
living  in  tin  houses  on  wheels;  they  want 
real  homes.  These  homes  must  be  designed 
to  suit  the  needs  and  tastes  of  each  family, 
not  built  by  the  hundreds,  all  alike." 

Harris  J.  Harman,  President  of 
Peoria  Home  Builders: 

"Building  ranks  second  among  the  in- 
dustries of  our  nation.  Home  building  rep- 
resents 56  per  cent  of  this  enormous  busi- 
ness. Providing  homes  at  more  moderate 
cost,  therefore,  is  not  only  a  great  social 
problem,  but  a  great  economic  problem  as 
well.  .  .  .  There  are  four  major  divisions  in 
the  development  of  homes  from  the  produc- 
er to  the  consumer —  (1)  financing,  (2) 
selling,  (3)  building  at  the  site,  (4)  produc- 
tion of  materials  and  manufacture  of  equip- 
ment. Those  who  participate  in  each  divi- 
sion are  all  partially  responsible  for  the 
high  cost  of  building  construction.  Every 
manufacturer  of  building  material,  and 
every  trade  represented,  is  advertising, 
promoting,  and  fighting  for  the  largest  pos- 
sible share  of  the  consumer's  building  dol- 
lar, regardless  of  whether  their  material  or 
service  is  necessary  or  in  proper  keeping 
with  the  type  of  home  that  the  consumer 


can  afford  to  buy.  The  general  idea  is  to 
sell  him  everything  that  can  possibly  be 
hung  on  his  little  home,  induce  someone  to 
finance  it,  and  let  the  financing  agency  hold 
the  bag.  .  .  .  Do  you  remember  crawling 
over  the  floor  joists  and  roof  rafters  of  the 
new  house  being  built  in  your  block  when 
you  were  a  boy?  Watch  a  home  being 
constructed  today.  Aside  from  the  use  of 
a  power  saw  by  some  of  the  more  advanc- 
ed builders,  is  there  any  difference  in  the 
method  of  construction? 

"No  practical  art  has  made  less  progress 
through  the  ages  than  home  building.  We 
still  use  the  same  brick  hand  unit  employed 
in  building  the  walls  of  Jericho.  .  .  .  There 
have  been  attempts  in  experimentation  and 
research  by  some  individual  manufacturers, 
and,  in  some  instances,  by  groups  of  manu- 
facturers. The  results  range  from  "The 
House  of  Tomorrow  '  (demonstrated  at  A 
Century  of  Progress  in  Chicago)  to  "The 
Cotton  House"  consisting  of  two  room 
units,  weighing  370  pounds  and  costing 
$220.  .  .  .  The  general  purpose  of  these  ex- 
periments has  been  to  reduce  costs,  but  to 
my  knowledge  few,  if  any,  have  accomp- 
lished this  purpose.  .  .  .  Those  who  are  ex- 
perimenting with  pre-fabricated  houses  are, 
in  most  cases,  departing  from  the  conven- 
tional designs,  but  the  home  buyers  are  not 
ready  to  depart  materially  from  the  con- 
ventional. They  still  want  a  brick  exterior, 
in  an  English,  a  Colonial,  or  some  other 
current  design. 

"The  big  demand  of  the  consuming  public 
is  for  homes  constructed  of  as  nearly  inde- 
structable  materials  as  is  practicable.  This 
naturally  means  minerals  and  their  by- 
products. .  .  .  To  sell  homes  today,  ade- 
quate financing  must  be  provided.  Interest 
rates  must  be  reduced.  Financing  charges 
must  be  made  commensurate  with  the  serv- 
ice performed.  Building  materials  must  be 
produced  in  larger  units  to  reduce  high- 

[  Please  turn  to  Col.  2,  Page  51] 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    32    ► 


MAY.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


BUILDING  BEAUTY  INTO  HIGHWAY 
DRAINAGE  STRUCTURES 

by 

R.  T.  REINHARDT 

side  of  the  bank  with  their  tops  united  and 
the  floor  suspended  from  them.  While  this 
structure  can  not  be  classed  with  beautiful 
bridges,  it  seems  at  least  worthy  of  attention 
because  of  its  picturesque  quality.  Re- 
sourceful natives  of  Java  were  the  success- 
ful engineers. 

To     design     structures    which     provide 
ample  strength  as  well  as  beauty  is  not  so 
[t:s  in  Liic  idii^^^-cxp^.  difficult  as  some  existing  examples  would 

All  forms  of  construction  materials  are  indicate.  It  is  only  recently  that  our  Ameri- 
beinq  adapted  to  this  purpose.  Steel  iron,  can  engineers  have  become  conscious  of 
concrete  and  occasionally  wood  are  used  the  esthetic  possibilities  in  much  of  their 
to  obtain  the  most  pleasing  as  well  as  util-     work. 

itarian  effects.  It  is  worthy  of  note  that  In  practically  all  new  highway  struc- 
those  types  of  construction  best  fitted  from  tures  of  importance  is  the  evidence  that 
the  standpoint  of  strength,  are  usually  also  somewhere  along  the  line,  someone  had  the 
the  most  attractive  to  the  eye.  This  is  one  factor  of  beauty  prominently  in  mind.  The 
of  the  lessons  of  experience.  accompanying  photographs  show  types  of 


HILE  grade  and 
alignment  are  still  of  first  importance  to 
highway  engineers  and  builders,  the  trend 
is  toward  creating  highways  of  beauty  as 
well  as  utility.  Bridges  and  other  water- 
ways are  designed  to  blend  with  the  sur- 
rundings  instead  of  making  discordant 
notes  in  the  landscape 


Since  the  dawn  of 
history  man  has 
probably  used  every- 
thing from  a  sturdy 
swing  vine  to  the 
modern  suspension 
bridge  to  cross 
streams,  but  perhaps 
the  natural  bridge 
shown  in  the  first 
photo  is  unique.  The 
trusses  are  formed 
by  four  trees,  two 
growing    on    each 


A  PICTURESQUE   ■NATURAL"  BRIDGE  IN  JAVA. 
The  tops  of  four  trees,  two  growing  on  each  bank, 
were  joined  to  form  the  truss. 


waterways,  which, 
while  not  examples 
of  the  most  beauti- 
ful to  be  found,  are 
typical  of  the  classes 
represented. 

Excellent  exam- 
ples of  the  type  of 
concrete  bridges 
which  span  many  of 
the  gorges  over 
which  California 
highways  cross,  are 
pictured  in  some  of 


^    33    ► 


< 

2 

O 

^-  ^ 

2  a 

<  o 

Oh  >h 

CO 

H  ^ 

O  W 

O  2 

tLl  - 


W"2 
Q  > 

S  o 

03  H 


X 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER       ^     34     ^       f^AY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


V-s^'^e^-';^iit.' 


^.-^ 


A  FULL-ROUND,  105-INCH  DIAMETER  DRAINAGE 
Way  made  of  heavy  corrugated  plates  bolted  together  in 
the  field.  The  rubble  headwall  of  native  stone  presents  a 
pleasing  appearance. 


A  FOREST  GLADE  IN  BUTTE  COUNTY,  CALIFORNIA,   INTO  WHICH  THE 
METAL  ARCH  AND  RUBBLE  HEADWALL  HARMONIZE  WELL 

the  photographs.  Single  arches  are  em- 
ployed in  these  structures  to  provide 
strength  as  well  as  beauty. 

It  is  the  smaller  and  more  frequent  type 
of  drainage  way  that  is  likely  to  be  the 
most  unattractive.  Either  rough  timber 
causeways,  or  bridges  or  concrete  boxes, 
frequently  despoil  an  otherwise  beautiful 
vista.  Often  these  structures  are  so  nar- 
row as  to  reduce  the  width  of  the  road  and 
are  provided  with  timber  guards  ostensibly 
to  protect  motorists  but  usually  so  frail  as 
to  give  only  a  false  sense  of  security. 

True,  these  small  drainage  ways  are 
frequently  built  in  the  cheapest  form  pos- 
sible because  of  their  large  number.  How- 
ever, experienced  highway  engineers  and 
maintenance  men  are  rapidly  realizing  the 
error  of  considering  only  first  cost  when 
planning   new  drainage  ways  or  replace- 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      35     ►       MAY.  NINETEEN  THmTV-FOUR 


A  CONCRETE   SPAN    IN    THE 
HIGH  SIERRAS, 

constructed  with  a  view  to  harmony 
of  appearance  with  its  surroundings 
as  well  as  ample  strength. 


..3!i^....^^'Jkf^. 


THE  CALIFORNIA  STATE 
HIGHWAY  DEPARTMENT 

has  used  considerable  care  to  preserve 
the  natural  beauty  of  the  country 
through  which  its  roads  pass.    This 
graceful  bridge  is  an  example  of 
skill  and  foresight. 


SHARON  WOODS  PARK. 
OHIO,  installed  this  attractive 
structure  of  multi  plate  and  rubble 
masonry   to   harmonize   with   the 
beauty  of  the  setting. 


■Wk.^ 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


-^   36    ► 


MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


ments.  They  are  also  finding  that  these 
structures  can  be  just  as  readily  and  eco- 
nomically constructed  for  the  full  width  of 
the  road  for  practically  the  same  cost  as 
older  forms  and  still  afford  considerably 
more  in  the  way  of  attractiveness. 

Perhaps  the  most  pleasing  to  the  eye  of 
all  forms  of  waterways  is  the  natural  stone 
arch,  or  series  of  arches.  However,  this 
type  of  construction  is,  usually,  out  of  the 
question  for  public  works  because  of  its 
cost.  A  recent  development  for  medium 
and  large  drainage  ways  is  rapidly 
winning  favor  of  both  engineers  and  archi- 
tects and  others  interested  in  beautiful 
highways,  because  of  its  adaptability  in 
this  respect.  This  structure,  known  as 
Multi  Plate,  is  made  of  heavy  plates  of 
deeply  corrugated  iron  bolted  together  in 
the  field  and  usually  provided  with  at- 
tractive headwalls  of  native  stone.. 

This  drainage  way  can  be  made  either 
in  the  full  round  or  in  the  arch  form  as  the 


pictured  installations  indicate.  Occasion- 
ally a  series  or  battery  of  similar  arches  is 
necessary  to  provide  sufficient  waterway. 
In  this  type  of  situation  the  possibilities 
for  esthetic  results  are  great.  Arches  of 
various  sizes  may  be  employed  or  they  may 
all  be  of  the  same  diameter.  One  of  the 
plates  shows  an  installation  of  this  material 
in  which  one  large  and  two  smaller  arches 
were  employed  to  provide  for  a  wide 
stream.  Single  arch  installations  are  also 
shown. 

This  matter  of  attractive  drainage  ways, 
both  large  and  small,  is  certain  to  demand 
more  and  more  attention  of  those  respon- 
sible for  their  building.  It  is  no  longer  true 
that  "anything  which  will  carry  the  traf- 
fic on  the  road,  and  the  water  under  the 
road,  will  do." 

The  West  has  scenery,  perhaps  unsur- 
passed anywhere  in  the  world;  let  us  not 
mar  it  more  than  necessary  in  our  efforts 
to  open  it  to  motorists. 


THIS  IS  ANOTHER  VIEW  Oh  THE  STATE  HIGHWAY  BRIDGii 
shown  on  the  opposite  page.  The  bridge  is  located  on  the  Coast  highway, 
between  Monterey  and  San  Simeon.  Great  strength  is  developed  by  this 
type  of  structure. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    37    ► 


MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Fig.  1 — Beetles  commonly  found  in  California,  a — Scobicia  declivis,  the 
lead  cable  borer,  b — Lyctus  cavicollis.  the  common  true  powder-post  beetle 
in  California,  c — Hadrobregenus  gibbicollis.  the  most  destructive  native 
California  death  watch,  d — Larva  of  Polycaon  stonti,  one  of  the  Bostrichi- 
dae.   All  much  enlarged. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    38    ► 


MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


TERMITES  AND  TERMITE  CONTROL 


% 


HE  close  resemblance 

between  the  destructive  work  of  termites 
and  that  done  by  other  forms  of  wood- 
eating  insects  often  leads  to  false  conclu- 
sions and  consequently  the  application  of 
wrong  methods  of  eradication  or  control. 
Economical  and  practical  methods  of  pre- 
venting termite  attack  upon  wood  and  its 
products  must  be  based  upon  a  knowledge 
of  the  habits  and  life  histories  of  the  par- 
ticular types  of  termites  causing  the  dam- 
age and,  in  some  instances,  even  of  the  par- 
ticular species.  The  accompanying  lettei 
is  typical  of  many  requests  for  information. 
In  this  case  the  damage  is  being  caused  by 
the  powder-post  bettle.  Fig.  lb,  and  not 
Fig.  2.  These  beetles  rival  the  termites  in 
their  ability  to  destroy  seasoned  wood 
products;  consequently  a  more  complete 
discussion  of  this  phase  of  the  problem,  it 
is  felt,  may  benefit  readers  of  The  Archi- 
tect AND  Engineer. 

A  Complaint  from  La  Crescenta 

"Less  than  two  years  ago,  I  built  a  new 
stucco  house  here  in  La  Crescenta,  Cali- 
fornia, and  today  I  found  an  insect  boring 
"neat  holes  in  my  polished  oak  floors.  I 
caught  him  in  the  act!  and  put  him  in  a  bath 
of  alcohol.  I  enclose  his  carcass  in  this 
letter. 

"I  have  circular  No.  318,  August,  1930, 
from    our   agricultural    experiment    station 


by 

A.  A.  BROWN,  Consulting  Engineer 

and  have  read  what  it  gives  on  termites.  I 
think  I  recognize  this  animal — though  I 
never  saw  a  termite  before.  He  bored 
several  'neat  holes'  not  far  from  each  other 
in  the  board  and  left  a  pile  of  fine  sawdust 
near  (or  about  each  hole.  They  were  all 
open  and  not  'closed  up'  as  the  circular 
says  he  does — mebby  I  got  him  before  he 
had  time  to  close  the  places.  He  is  working 
in  different  parts  of  the  house — thus  far 
now.  The  house  was  built  expressly  to 
guard  against  termites,  or  I  thought  it  was. 
The  foundations  are  cement — with  inches 
of  space  below  all  mud  sills — before  the 
dirt  is  reached.  The  whole  space  under  the 
house  throughout  is  open  from  3  feet  to  10 
feet  for  basement,  and  ventilating  windows 
(small  ones)  in  the  foundation  at  base  of 
walls  of  house.  Fresh  air  and  sunshine  cir- 
culate nearly  always. 

"There  was  not  a  chip  of  wood,  not  even 
a  bit  of  sawdust,  left  under  this  house.  It 
was  more  than  broom  clean.  The  cracks  in 
the  floor  between  boards  are  sealed  tight — 
so  no  insect  can  get  in  between  boards. 

"This  oak  floor  is  put  on  over  pine 
boards — and  floors  are  therefore  double. 
Basement  always  dry  and  ventilated. 

"We  are  nearly  2000  feet  elevation  in  a 
soil  of  decomposed  granite  all  over  this 
country,  14  miles  north  of  Los  Angeles,  and 
boulders  and  rocks  of  all  descriptions  from 
20  tons  down  to  the  size  of  gravel.  Why 
do  I  have  termites?  I  presume  this  bug  is  a 
termite  and  what  shall  I  do  about  it  to  get 
rid  of  the  creatures  and  stay  rid  of  them? 
"There  are  other  sorts  of  termites — all 
around  us  eating  off  posts  we  put  in  beside 


^    39^ 


of  trees  and  shrubs.  In  a  year  they  are 
eaten  off  at  the  ground.  I  shall  appreciate 
an  early  reply  for  which  I  shall  sincerely 
thank  you." 

Powder-Post  Beetles 

Termites  are  not  the  only  wood-eating 
insects.  The  carpenter  ants  and  powder- 
post  beetles  work  in  such  a  manner  that 
the  damage  is  often  mistaken  for  that  done 
by  termites.  Dr.  Edwin  C.  Van  Dyke* 
says:  "In  the  forests,  as  soon  as  a  tree  dies 
or  is  injured  it  is  attacked  by  a  host  of  in- 
sects of  various  types  which  soon  consume 
a  large  part  of  it,  leaving  the  remainder  to 
decompose  through  the  agency  of  the  vari- 
ous fungi  and  molds.  Such  insects  are  the 
scavengers  of  the  forest. 

The  first  insects  to  attack  the  timber 
itself  are  the  bark  beetles  or  engraver 
beetles.  These  are  small  beetles  which  bur- 
row through  the  bark  and  then,  partly  by 
themselves  and  partly  through  the  activities 
of  their  larvae,  excavate  channels  of  various 
designs  between  the  bark  and  the  sapwood. 
Following  these  are  the  true  borers,  the 
wood-boring  caterpillars,  and  larvae  of  sev- 
eral types  of  beetles,  which,  hatching  from 
eggs  deposited  in  cracks  of  the  bark  or 
wood,  bore  either  beneath  the  bark  or  di- 
rectly into  the  wood  itself. 

"When  the  timber  has  dried  out  or  cured 
to  a  considerable  degree,  the  carpenter 
ants,  termites,  carpenter  bees,  and  powder- 
post  beetles  appear  and,  when  the  wood 
commences  to  mold,  are  followed  by  other 
types  of  scavengers.  Most  of  these  insects 
remain  in  the  forest  and  carry  on  their 
activities  there.  Those  which  continue  to 
attack  the  wood  after  it  has  been  converted 
into  lumber  or  utilized  by  man  are  more 
limited  in  number.  The  most  important  of 
these  are  the  termites.  Others  which  attack 

•  Professor  of  Entomology,  University  of  California,  contributed 
a  chapter  entitled  "Wood-boring  Insects  Whose  Appearance  or 
Workings  Resemble  Those  of  Termites"  to  the  final  report  of  the 
Termite    Investigation    Committee,    University    of    California    Press. 


lumber  or  other  wood  products  are  an  oc- 
casional wood-boring  beetle,  the  carpenter 
bees,  carpenter  ants,  and  powder-post 
beetles.  Concerning  the  first,  the  wood- 
boring  beetles,  there  are  but  few  cases  re- 
ported except  in  log  houses  made  of  logs 
with  the  bark  still  attached.  The  large  car- 
penter bees  sometimes  become  annoying  by 
drilling  out  holes  for  their  nests  in  posts  or 
even  in  portions  of  buildings." 

The  insects  which  are  included  under 
the  heading  of  powder-post  beetles  are  of 
three  types,  belonging  to  three  closely  re- 
lated families,  having  somewhat  similar  life 
histories.  They  get  their  common  name 
from  the  fact  that  their  larvae  reduce  the 
wood  to  a  condition  of  powder.  This  is  the 
undigested  portion  of  their  diet.  At  times 
woodwork  may  be  so  completely  honey- 
combed or  pulverized  by  these  insects  that 
it  will  break  down  under  the  least  stress. 
The  beetles,  as  well  as  their  work,  are 
somewhat  distinctive. 

Of  the  Death  Watches,  Fig.  Ic,  Profes- 
sor Van  Dyke  says:  "The  adult  beetles 
bore  into  the  rafters  and  other  structures 
of  old  buildings,  as  well  as  into  old  furni- 
ture, and  lay  their  eggs  in  well  protected 
niches.  The  larvae,  similar  to  that  in  Fig. 
Id,  soon  hatch  and  commence  to  burrow, 
and  in  the  course  of  a  year  or  so  reach 
maturity  and  transform  into  adult  beetles. 
These  beetles  breed  in  the  same  structure 
generation  after  generation,  sometimes  for 
hundreds  of  years,  with  the  result  that  the 
timbers  ultimately  become  completely  hon- 
eycombed and  of  course  sooner  or  later 
give  way.  This  is  the  cause  of  the  collapse 
of  many  parts  of  old  buildings.  Westmin- 
ster Abbey  and  several  of  the  most  famous 
of  Enghsh  cathedrals,  as  well  as  many  on 
the  continent  of  Europe,  are  now  being 
overhauled  as  a  result  of  the  ravages  of 
these  beetles." 

Figure  Ic  shows  one  of  the  best  known 
CaHfornia  species  and  at  the  left  in  Fig.  3 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      ^^     40     ^       MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


will  be  seen  an  illustration  of  their  work  in 
a  piece  of  Douglas  fir  taken  from  an  in- 
fested timber  in  a  Berkeley  home.  The 
illustration  at  the  right  shows  the  result  of 
their  work  in  an  old  branch.  Note  the 
completeness  of  the  honeycombing  and  the 
fecal  pellets  in  the  burrows,  a  picture  simu- 
lating very  closely  that  produced  by  ter- 
mites. Fig.  4a.  We  have  long  known  that 
death  watches  were  destructive,  both  in 
Europe  and  Asia,  but  not  until  recently 
was  it  found  that  some  of  our  native  spe- 
cies were  becoming  injurious.  The  Old 
World  species  mainly  attack  oak  and  other 
hardwoods,  while  the  most  injurious  of  our 
species  attacks,  so  far  as  known,  only  the 
Douglas  fir. 


"Death  Watch,"  Wierd  Pest  Name 
The  common  name  of  death  watch  was 
given   to   these  insects   years   ago  by   the 
superstitious  who,   hearing   their   tappings 
in  their  burrows  at  the  dead  of  night,  in- 
terpreted it  as  a  sign  that  some  member  of 
their  household,  perhaps  the  sick  patient 
that  they  were  attending,  would  soon  die. 
Of  the  beetles  in  the  family  Bostrichidze 
Dr.  Van   Dyke  says:    "They  are   usually 
much  more  elongated,  and  as  a  rule  much 
larger,  some  species  being  an  inch  or  more 
in  length.  These  beetles  always  prefer  well 
seasoned  wood,  and  in  most  cases  confine 
their   activities   to   the   sapwood.     Because 
of  the  fact  that  they  almost  entirely  confine 
their  attention  to  the  wood  of  broad-leaved 
trees,  the  householder  is  but  rarely  both- 
ered by  them.    A  large  dining  room  in  a 
mountain    resort    in    southern    California, 
built  of  alder  logs,  was  badly  attacked  by 
one  of  the  larger  species  (Fig.  Id)  a  sub- 
cylindrical  black  beetle,  a  half  inch  or  more 
in  length.  The  same  special  has  been  found 
in  the  San  Francisco  Bay  region,  as  well  as 
in  the  southern  part  of  the  State,  attacking 
the    stored    products    in    hardwood    ware- 
houses.  So  far,  it  has  been  most  destructive 


to  the  panels  from  which  desks  and  other 
articles  of  furniture  are  made.    The  larvse, 
Fig.  Id,  burrow  serpentine  channels  in  the 
basswood  or  other  soft  wood   serving   as 
the  inner  layer  of  the  panels,   and,   soon 
after  the  wood  has  been  made  into  furni- 
ture,   transform    into   adults.     These    then 
burrow  straight  out  through  the  mahogany 
or  oak  veneer.   The  common  species,  how- 
ever, work  mainly  in  such  wood  as  oak. 
The  lead  cable  borer  breeds  freely  in  oak. 
Fig.     la,     California    laurel,    and    similar 
woods.   This  beetle  has  a  peculiar  habit  of 
attacking   lead  cables  and  similar  articles 
while  under  the  stimulation  of  hot  weather. 
The  beetles  bore  through  the  lead  to  the 
inner  lining,  and  thus  cause  a  considerable 
loss  of  power  when  the  cables  later  become 
wet. 


Powder-Post  Beetle  Very  Small 
The  true  powder-post  beetle  is  small, 
averaging  less  than  one-fifth  of  an  inch  in 
length.  Fig.  lb.  These  insects  breed  in  the 
wood  of  a  great  number  of  broad-leaved 
trees,  but  have  a  preference  for  the  hard- 
woods like  ash,  hickory,  and  oak.   The  in- 


Pig.  2 — The  common  damp-wood  termite. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


•^     41     ►       '^'^Y,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


festation  in  wood  generally  takes  place 
while  the  timber  is  being  seasoned,  espe- 
cially in  the  yards  of  warehouses  of  the 
hardwood  lumber  companies. 

These    beetles    breed     like    the    death 
watches,  generation  after  generation  in  the 


same  timber,  finally  reducing  most  of  the 
interior  to  a  pulverized  condition,  as  shown 
in  the  oak  flooring,  Fig.  5.  The  adults 
mature  in  spring  or  early  summer  and  eat 
their  way  to  liberty,  producing  by  so  doing 
the   characteristic   shot   holes   seen  in   the 


Fig.  3 — At  left  is  a  piece  of  Douglas  fir  taken  from  a  Berkeley.  California, 
home  infested  by  Hadrobregenus  gibbicollis  fig.  1-c.  At  the  right  shows  the 
result  of  these  beetles'  work  in  an  old  branch.  Note  the  completeness  of  the 
honeycombing  and  the  focal  pellets  in  the  burrows,  closely  resembling  the 
work  of  termites  fiq.  3-a. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    42    ► 


MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


left  half  of  Fig.  5.  In  most  cases,  after 
mating  the  females  go  back  into  the  same 
wood,  or  they  may  enter  and  start  a  colony 
in  new  lumber.  As  the  boring  is  done  al- 
most entirely  by  the  larvae  or  grubs,  and  in 
the  interior  of  the  lumber,  the  presence  of 


these  insects  may  not,  as  also  in  the  case 
of  termites,  be  known  until  the  woodwork 
breaks  down  and  exposes  the  interior. 
When  one  notices  the  shot  holes  in  any 
article  made  of  oak,  ash,  or  hickory  he 
should  investigate. 


:^  "••■ 


,1 '.-' ."' 


Fig  5-Work  of  a  typical  poWer-post  bettle,  flg.  1-b,  in  oak  flooring.  Left, 
surface  sfiowing  adult  emergence  holes.  Right,  work  of  larvae  exposed  by 
removing  surface  layer.  When  these  typical  ■shot"  holes  appear  on  the  sur- 
face of  any  article  made  of  oak,  ash,  hickory,  or  mahogany,  it  would  be  well 
to  investigate. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER       ^      43     ►      MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTV-FOUR 


The  powder-post  beetles  are  very  de- 
structive and,  after  the  termites,  are  the 
most  injurious  of  all  insects  to  seasoned 
wood  products.  They  infest  to  a  great 
extent  the  ash  timbers  which  go  into  ship- 
building and  wagon  making,  also  the  hick- 
ory which  furnishes  the  handles  of  axes, 
spades,  etc.,  and  the  oak  which  goes  into 
floorings,  trim,  and  furniture.  The  hickory 
furniture  is  one  of  California's  world- 
famous  vacation  resorts  is  now  being  sub- 
jected to  severe  attacks  by  these  beetles. 

As  previously  stated,  the  infestation  usu- 
ally takes  place  while  the  timber  is  being 
seasoned,  especially  in  the  yards  of  ware- 
houses of  the  hardwood  lumber  companies. 
The  practice  of  storing  new  lumber  in 
warehouses  near  lumber  which  has  re- 
mained in  storage  for  a  considerable  period 
of  time  should  be  discouraged.  New  kiln 
dried  lumber  free  from  borer  infestation 
should  be  stored  in  specially  provided 
space,  proof  against  infestation.  The  added 
cost  of  providing  storage  constructed  of 
pressure  treated  lumber  should  not  prove 
burdensome   to   lumber   yards   and   would 


afford  much  greater  security  to  the  user. 
Such  storage  space  can  be  constructed  us- 
ing rough  timbers  pressure  treated  with 
crude  creosote  and  the  exposed  flooring 
and  lining  treated  with  the  refined  creosote 
from  which  the  black  color  and  oiliness 
have  been  removed. 

Prevention  is  most  important.  When 
damage  is  discovered  in  woodwork  as 
shown  in  Fig.  5  the  infested  portion  of  the 
wood  should  be  removed,  destroyed,  and 
replaced  with  sound  material.  Where  the 
damage  is  not  so  serious  as  to  destroy  its 
usefulness,  a  thorough  swabbing  with  a 
transparent  penetrating  creosote  repeated 
at  intervals,  if  signs  of  activity  are  noted, 
will  usually  eliminate  attacks.  Kerosene 
can  be  used  for  this  purpose  but  it 
lacks  the  penetrating  qualities  of  the  creo- 
sote and  leaves  the  surface  of  the  wood 
oily.  Valuable  articles,  such  as  furniture, 
may  be  treated  with  hydrocyanide  gas,  pre- 
ferably in  retorts  where  a  vacuum  can  be 
produced  before  the  gas  is  allowed  to  en- 
ter. The  use  of  pressure  treated  wood  will 
prevent  damage  by  any  of  the  wood  de- 
stroying insects. 


Fig.  4 — Workings  of  the  ground  dwelling  termites.  All  show  the  earthy 
frass  characteristic  of  the  subterranean  termites.  Note  the  similarity  in 
appearance  to  the  work  of  the  powder-post  beetle,  fig.  2,  at  right. 


THE  ARCHITKCl  AND  ENGINEER 


^    44    ► 


MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Engineerins 

and 

Buildins    Construction 


FOUR  AIRPLANES  CIRCLE  ABOVE  THE  STEAD- 
ILY RISING  COLUMNS  OF  TOWER  2  OF  THE  SAN 
FRANCISCO-OAKLAND  BAY  BRIDGE  WHICH,  IN 
THIS  PICTURE.  WERE  APPROXIMATELY  200 
FEET  HIGH. 

THE  FOUR  AIRPLANES  CAN  BE  SEEN  DIRECT- 
LY OVER  THE  TOWER. 

THE  MAXIMUM  DISTANCE  BETWEEN  THESE 
TWO  TOWER  SHAFTS  IS  66  FEET  AT  THE  BASE. 
MARKET  STREET,  SAN  FRANCISCO'S  MAIN 
ARTERY.  IS  76  FEET  WIDE. 


^    45    ► 


BAY  BRIDGE  IS  TWENTY  PER  CENT  COMPLETED 


ITH  twelve  million 
dollars  of  the  approximate  total  construc- 
tion cost  of  sixty  million  dollars  expended 
to  date,  the  San  Francisco-Oakland  Bay 
Bridge  may  be  said  to  be  one-fifth,  or 
twenty  per  cent,  completed. 

Of  the  fifty-one 
land  and  subaque- 
ous piers,  twenty 
have  been  placed 
in  construction,  of 
which  nine  are  fin- 
ished. 

The  completed 
piers  are  Pier  2  on 
the  San  Francisco 
shore  line,  upon 
which  a  tower  has 
now  been  raised  to 
200  feet  above  the 
water,  and  eight 
piers  in  the  East 
Bay  crossing,  some 
alongside  the  Key 
Route  Mole,  and 
two  between  the 
end  of  the  Key 
Route  Mole  and 
Yerba  Buena  Isl- 
and. 

During  this 
month  the  bridge 
passed  the  200,000 
cubic  yard  mark  in 
its    concrete    pour. 


BIBRDS-EYE  VIEW  OF  THE  CONCRETE 
CENTER  ANCHORAGE  PIER 

This  view  of  Pier  4,  midway  between  San  Francisco  and 
Yerba  Buena  Island,  was  taken  from  the  top  of  a  derrick 
boom.  The  cellular  concrete  block  contains  55  steel  cylin- 
der cells  which  extend  from  top  to  bottom  of  the  concrete 
structure.  Each  cylinder  is  15  feet  in  diameter.  The  con- 
crete pier  is  now  standing  with  its  bottom  186  feet  below. 
The  dimensions  of  the  pier  are  197  feet  long  by  92  feet 
wide  and,  when  completed,  will  be  a  concrete  monolith  490 
feet  high  from  its  bottom,  resting  on  bedrock,  to  its  top. 
300  feet  above  water. 


It  was  also  during  the  past  month  that 
the  San  Francisco-Oakland  Bay  Bridge 
broke  the  world's  record  in  sinking  pier 
caissons  deeper  than  concrete  has  hereto- 
fore been  placed  below  water. 

Pier  W-3  is  now  standing  with  its 
cutting  edge  at  the 
bottom,  210  feet 
below  water,  the 
previous  records 
being  176^  feet, 
the  depth  of  a  pier 
of  the  Atchafalaya 
River  Bridge  at 
Morgan  City,  Lou- 
isiana, and  Piers 
E-4  and  E-5  of  the 
San  Francisco- 
Oakland  Bay 
Bridge,  both  of 
which  are  now 
completed  and  rest- 
ing on  hard  pan 
at  180  feet  below 
low  water. 


"Devil's"  Pier  is 
Completed 
During  this  same 
month  the  most 
difficult  pier  of  the 
San  Francisco- 
Oakland  Bay 
Bridge  was  sealed 
to  rock  and  prac- 
tically     completed. 


<^    46   ► 


BRIDGE  TOWER  AT  SUNSET 

A  photograph  taken  from  this  point  on  San  Francisco  Bay  in  1937  would  show  San  Fran- 
cisco framed  beneath  the  gigantic  structure  of  the  San  Francisco-Oakland  Bay  Bridge,  the 
most  western  tower  of  which  is  rising  to  huge  proportions  at  the  left. 


save  for  finishing  off  its  top.  This 
pier  is  W-6.  1160  feet  west  of  Verba 
Buena  Island,  the  most  difficult  of  the  piers 
because  water  at  this  point  of  the  bay  is 
107  feet  deep,  which  made  sinking  this 
huge  floating  foundation  a  precarious  oper- 
ation. 

It  was  this  pier  which,  while  standing  in 
the  107  feet  of  water  with  its  bottom  only 
35  feet  into  the  mud,  tipped  suddenly 
farther  than  was  calculated  by  engineers 
and  required  many  weeks  to  be  brought 
back  to  position. 


Six  months  were  needed  to  construct 
this  pier  from  the  time  its  caisson  was 
floated  to  site. 

Progress  on  Yerba  Buena  Island  is 
moving  along  at  satisfactory  rates,  and  the 
two  tunnels,  into  which  the  cables  will  be 
anchored,  have  been  excavated  to  full  size, 
and  the  concrete  lining  of  their  arched 
roofs  is  soon  to  be  placed. 

General  progress  on  the  bridge  is  con- 
siderably ahead  of  schedule  and,  while  no 
official  announcement  has  been  made,  it 
is  safe  to  say  that  the  bridge  is  six  months 
ahead  of  schedule. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      ^     47     ^       MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


STATE  ARCHITECT  CLARIFIES  NEW  EARTH- 
QUAKE  LAW 


A. 


RCHITECTS  and 
engineers  in  private  practice  as  well  as 
members  of  the  staff  of  the  Division  of 
Architecture  are  becoming  continually 
more  familiar  with  the  characteristics  of 
the  new  law.  Chapter  59,  Statutes  of  the 
year  1933,  and  the  details  of  its  adminis- 
tration. 

The  fundamental  purpose  of  the  Act  is 
to  make  school  buildings  safe;  in  other 
words,  to  provide  for  sound  school  building 
design  and  construction  as  required  for  the 
protection  of  life  and  property.  The  addi- 
tional construction  cost  in  such  design  and 
construction  in  connection  with  an  entirely 
new  building  as  compared  with  the  cost  of 
construction  leaving  seismic  forces  out  of 
consideration,  is  small.  Also,  in  cases  of  ex- 
isting buildings  which  were  well  built  orig- 
inally, safety  can  be  secured  by  reconstruc- 
tion work  of  comparatively  small  cost,  in 
some  cases  less  than  5'f  of  the  original 
construction  cost.  There  are  other  cases  of 
reconstruction  of  existing  buildings,  how- 
ever, in  which  securing  safety  will  involve 
expenditure  for  reconstruction  of  as  much 
as  30  to  40  per  cent  of  the  original  con- 
struction cost.  Therefore  the  specially  ser- 
ious   financial    problems    which    confront 


Editor's  Note— Summary  of  a  paper  read  by  the  Stale  Architect,  at  a 
meeting  of  the  Structural  Engineers  Association  of  Northern  Cah- 
fornia,  held  at  the  Engineers'  Club.  San  Francisco,  Tues.,  March   13. 


by 

GEO.  B.  McDOUGALL 

school  authorities  as  a  result  of  the  passage 
of  this  law.  Chapter  59-1933.  arise  in  con- 
nection with  this  last  mentioned  class  of 
existing  unsafe  buildings. 
Responsibility  of  School  Authorities 

There  are  those  who  have  the  feeling 
that  this  Act  has  greatly  increased  the  re- 
sponsibilities of  school  authorities.  This 
apparently  is  erroneous.  The  school  au- 
thorities have  no  more  responsibility  now 
than  they  had  before  the  Long  Beach  earth- 
quake of  March  10.  1933.  These  authori- 
ties have  always  been  legally  responsible 
for  the  safety  of  the  school  children,  the 
governing  Sections  of  the  School  Code  in- 
volved speaking  generally,  being  Sections 
2.801  and  2.802.  and  Act  5819  of  Deer- 
ing's  General  Laws  1931  Edition,  taken 
together  with  the  written  opinion  of  the 
Attorney  General  given  to  Mr.  Vierling 
Kersey.  Director  of  Education,  under  date 
of  November  22,  1933. 

The  Division  of  Architecture  as  required 
by  the  Act  has  made  rules  and  regulations 
which  are  available  in  printed  form  to  all 
those  desiring  copies  of  them.  The  Act  it- 
self has  been  referred  to  as  having  been 
hastily  passed  by  the  Legislature  under 
stress  of  hysteria  following  the  Long  Beach 
earthquake,  and  the  Division's  rules  and 
regulations  have  been  referred  to  as  being 
too  stringent.  In  this  connection  attention 
is  called  to  the  fact  that  while  there  may 


^   48  ► 


have  been  hysteria  following  the  Long 
Beach  earthquake,  the  Act  and  the  rules 
and  regulations  which  have  been  made 
as  a  means  of  administering  it,  were  thor- 
oughly and  very  carefully  considered  and 
based  upon  labors  and  researches  of  ex- 
perts which  extended  through  several  years 
of  time.  These  rules  and  regulations  pro- 
vide minimum  not  maximum  requirements. 
There  are  those  who  believe  that  there 
are  certain  locations  in  the  State  where  ser- 
ious earthquakes  will  not  occur  and  that 
this  law  which  is  general  and  applies  to  the 
whole  State,  is  too  drastic  with  respect  to 
such  areas.  Those  who  hold  this  view  over- 
look the  fact  with  reference  to  existing 
buildings  that  the  Act  makes  dealing  with 
such  existing  buildings  wholly  optional 
with  school  authorities  having  jurisdiction 
over  them.  If  these  authorities  are  con- 
vinced that  the  particular  area  in  which 
they  are  located  is  not  subject  to  earth- 
quake they  are  at  liberty  so  far  as  this 
Act  is  concerned,  to  take  no  action  regard- 
ing existing  buildings  in  such  area,  such 
decision  being  made  entirely  on  their  own 
responsibility.  If  they  are  in  doubt  on  this 
point  as  to  the  likelihood  of  earthquake 
in  their  particular  locality  there  are  numer- 
ous seismologists  whom  they  can  employ 
to  give  expert  opinion. 

Quake  Hazard  General  in  State 

In  this  connection  a  report  on  earthquake 
hazard  and  earthquake  protection  was  pub- 
lished in  printed  form  in  June,  1933,  by  the 
Joint  Technical  Committee  on  Earthquake 
Protection  known  as  the  Millikan  Commit- 
tee and  organized  soon  after  the  earth- 
quake of  March  10th,  1933.  This  report 
makes  it  very  clear  that  earthquake  hazard 
exists  over  practically  the  entire  area  of 
this  State.  Also  in  this  connection  Dr.  J.  P. 
Buwalda  of  the  faculty  of  the  California 
Institute  of  Technology,  a  member  of  the 
Joint  Technical  Committee  on  Earthquake 


Protection,  and  Chairman  of  the  Division 
of  Geology  and  Paleontology,  has  written 
to  Mr.  Vierling  Kersey,  State  Superinten- 
dent of  Public  Instruction,  under  date  of 
January  11th,  1934.  Dr.  Buwalda's  letter 
takes  the  form  of  a  very  comprehensive  and 
quite  lengthy  statement  and  makes  it  en- 
tirely clear  that  earthquake  hazard  instead 
of  being  absent  in  localities  at  a  distance 
from  fault  lines,  has  been  definitely  shown 
to  exist  over  practically  the  entire  area  of 
the  State,  and  that  severe  shock  on  a  dis- 
tant fault  may  shake  down  a  school  build- 
ing just  as  violently  as  a  lighter  shock  on 
a  nearby  fault.  Dr.  Buwalda's  observations 
are  based  on  seismological  researches 
which  are  being  carried  on  at  an  expense 
of  about  $50,000.00  a  year. 

On  this  point  it  is  important  to  note  that 
if  it  should  be  thought  necessary  to  give 
consideration  to  the  suggestion  that  intens- 
ities of  stress  due  to  earthquake  forces  vary 
as  between  different  areas  in  the  State,  then 
any  suggested  modifications  of  the  Code  of 
the  Division  of  Architecture  would  have  to 
be  in  the  direction  of  increased  stringency, 
since  this  Code  as  it  now  stands  is  not  too 
stringent  for  any  area  throughout  the  en- 
tire State. 

Insofar  as  the  Division  of  Architecture 
has  considered  that  safety  of  design  and 
construction  as  affected  by  lateral  forces 
involves  also  reasonable  safety  from  panic 
caused  by  fire  or  otherwise,  the  uniform 
code  of  the  California  Building  Officials 
Conference  of  1927  and  as  latest  amended, 
is  being  used. 

As  to  fire  safety  in  connection  with  a 
new  building,  the  Act,  Chapter  59-1933,  is 
mandatory  in  requiring  reasonable  fire 
safety  as  such  safety  is  interpreted  by  the 
Division  of  Architecture,  for  the  reason 
that  safety  from  earthquake  forces  involves 
also  reasonable  fire  safety  since  fire  in  a 
building  is  frequently  directly  associated 
with  earthquake.    Furthermore,  the  phrase 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    49   ► 


MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


"Safety  of  Design  and  Construction"  used 
in  the  Act,  as  interpreted  by  the  Division 
of  Architecture,  involves  reasonable  fire 
safety  as  well  as  structural  safety. 

In  a  case  where  a  school  authority  de- 
sires to  reconstruct,  alter  or  add  to  an  ex- 
isting single  unit  school  building  and  makes 
proper  application  for  approval  of  plans 
and  specifications  which  cover  only  such 
reconstruction,  alteration  or  addition  to 
such  building,  the  Division  of  Architecture 
upon  receipt  of  application  will  make  exam- 
ination of  the  entire  building. 

In  case  only  the  portion  of  the  building 
proposed  to  be  reconstructed,  altered  or 
added  to  is  found  to  be  unsafe  and  the 
plans  and  specifications  accompanying  the 
application  provide  for  strengthening  such 
portion  in  accordance  with  its  rules  and 
regulations,  the  Division  will  approve  such 
plans  and  specifications  and  upon  comple- 
tion of  the  work  in  accordance  with  them 
will  issue  its  written  certificate  that  the 
building  is  safe  and  meets  the  requirements 
of  Chapter  59-1933. 

If,  however,  on  examination  by  the  Divi- 
sion any  other  remaining  portion  or  por- 
tions of  the  building  is 'or  are  found  to  be 
unsafe,  then  in  that  case  such  portion  of 
the  building  as  it  is  proposed  to  reconstruct, 
alter  or  add  to,  may  be  reconstructed  al- 
tered or  added  to,  provided  that  the  entire 
section  of  such  portion  of  the  building 
which  it  is  proposed  to  reconstruct,  alter 
or  add  to,  from  foundation  to  roof  both 
inclusive,  shall  be  brought  up  to  the  require- 
ments of  the  rules  and  the  regulations  of 
the  Division  of  Architecture. 

In  such  a  case,  however,  the  Division 
of  Architecture  will  decline  when  the  work 
as  shown  by  such  plans  and  specifications 
is  complete,  to  give  its  certificate  of  ap- 
proval of  the  building  as  being  safe  and 
will  advise  the  school  authority  that  a  por- 
tion of  the  building  is  unsafe  and  that  the 
use  of  the  building  as  a  whole  for  school 


purposes  will  be  entirely  on  the  responsi- 
bility of  the  school  authority  and  without 
the  approval  of  the  Division  of  Architec- 
ture until  such  later  time  as  the  school  au- 
thority completes  the  strengthening  of  the 
remainder  of  the  building  in  accordance 
with  the  provisions  of  Chapter  59-1933  and 
the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  Division 
made  under  it. 

Small  Buildings  Outside  the  Law 

In  the  matter  of  small  buildings  such  as 
garages  to  house  school  busses  and  to  be 
erected  on  school  grounds,  if  such  small 
buildings  are  not  to  be  used  by  either  stu- 
dents or  teachers,  and  the  particular  school 
authority  will  pass  a  resolution  declaring 
that  such  small  buildings  are  not  to  be  used 
for  school  purposes  and  prohibiting  their 
use  by  students  or  teachers  and  will  fur- 
nish the  Division  of  Architecture  a  copy 
of  such  resolution  certified  to  by  its  clerk 
or  secretary,  such  small  buildings  will 
not  be  considered  as  school  buildings  as 
defined  in  the  Act  and  will  therefore  not 
be  subject  to  its  provisions. 

There  may  be  cases  where  a  particular 
school  authority  finds  it  can  quickly  and 
advantageously  bring  into  agreement  with 
the  requirements  of  the  Act  an  existing 
building  or  buildings,  and  decides  to  do  so 
in  order  to  avoid  the  expense  involved  in 
constructing  temporary  wood  and  canvas 
buildings  for  class  or  other  school  func- 
tions. In  such  cases  if  the  Architect  or  En- 
gineer in  charge  of  the  work  for  the  school 
authority  can  demonstrate  to  the  satisfac- 
tion of  the  Division  of  Architecture  that  it 
is  practicable  to  convey  the  necessary  in- 
formation as  to  the  comparatively  minor 
alterations  or  additions  required,  by  means 
of  brief  written  specifications  and  simple 
sketch  drawings,  the  Division  will  inter- 
pret such  brief  specifications  and  sketch 
drawings  as  constituting  plans  and  speci- 
fications as  required  by  the  Act. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    50   ► 


MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Where  a  particular  school  authority  de- 
sires to  make  changes  in  an  existing  build- 
ing which  will  cost  in  excess  of  $1,000.00 
and  which  are  non-structural,  application 
together  with  plans  and  specifications  and 
necessary  filing  fee  must  be  submitted  to 
the  Division  of  Architecture,  and  if  after 
making  such  examination  as  it  deems  neces- 
sary, the  Division  agrees  that  the  proposed 
changes  are  non-structural,  the  school  au- 
thority will  be  notified  that  it  may  proceed 
with  the  project,  in  accordance  with  the 
plans  and  specifications  and  subject  to  all 
the  requirements  covering  work  on  an  ex- 
isting building  involving  structural  changes 
which  have  already  been  outlined. 

Reasonable  Fire  Safety 

In  the  matter  of  reasonable  fire  safety 
affecting    new    classroom    buildings    such 
classroom  buildings  may  be  of  wood  frame 
construction  provided  this  is  not  contrary 
to    local    ordinances    and    provided    such 
buildings   are   not  more   than   two   stories 
high    and    the    foundation    and    the   walls 
under  the  first  floor  are  of  masonry.     In 
such  a  case  no  use  is  to  be  made  of  any 
space  under  the  first  floor  except  for  heater 
equipment:  the  heater  room  is  to  be  entire- 
ly  separated    from   the    remainder   of   the 
building  by  masonry  construction  and  is  to 
be  accessible  only  from  the  outside  of  the 
building.    If  in  such  a  building  it  is  desired 
to  provide  a  basement  for  play  space  in  in- 
clement weather  or  other  such  use,  this  may 
be  done  provided  the  first  floor  is  of  rein- 
forced concrete  construction  and  all  heater 
room  space  has  an  absolute  separation  of 
masonry  from  the  remainder  of  the  build- 
ing and  is  accessible  only  from  the  outside 
of  the  building.    In  such  a  case  egress  from 
the  building  itself  must  be  at  the  first  floor 
level  which   level  at   the   entrance  or   en- 
trances must  not  be  more  than  5'  above  the 
finished   exterior   grade:   no  stair  may  be 
continuous  through  the  basement  and  the 


first  story,  and  egress  from  the  basement 
itself  to  the  outside  of  the  building  must 
be  provided  to  avoid  the  necessity  of  using 
stairs  to  the  first  story. 

As  to  the  values,  if  any,  for  resisting 
earthquake  forces  to  be  allowed  for  roof, 
floor  and  partition  structures  including  lath 
and  plaster,  such  values  must  be  establish- 
ed by  tests  satisfactory  to  the  Division  of 
Architecture  and  the  allowance,  if  any,  by 
the  Division  of  such  values  will  be  deter- 
mined in  each  particular  case  if  and  when 
request  for  authority  to  use  such  values  is 
made. 


DEMAND  FOR  BETTER  AND 
CHEAPER  HOMES 

[Concluded  from  Page  32] 


priced  skilled  labor  at  the  site.  New  proc- 
esses must  be  developed  so  that  more  per- 
manent and  lasting  materials  can  be  incor- 
porated into  the  home  at  prices  within 
reach  of  the  average  buyer.  Sales  practices 
must  be  changed  to  reduce  duplication  of 
sales  effort  and  eliminate  over-selling. 
These  things  are  all  necessary  to  reduce 
the  cost  of  home-building.  ...  It  is  not  diffi- 
cult to  enumerate  what  should  be  done,  but 
to  state  it  is  not  to  accomplish  the  task.  It 
is  a  big  order,  an  enormous  undertaking. 
The  research  and  experimentation  needed 
to  show  the  way  will  have  to  be  carried  on 
by  unbiased  scientists  who  are  interested, 
not  in  profit,  but  in  the  problems  to  be  solv- 
ed. Such  research  requires  money,  but  who 
is  to  furnish  it?  The  financier  desires  only 
his  interest  and  the  return  of  his  principal. 
The  builder,  the  contractor,  and  the  real 
estate  broker  are  financially  unable  to  help. 
The  retail  material  dealer  is  interested  only 
in  selling.  There  remains  only  the  producer 
of  materials  and  equipment.  From  the 
standpoint  of  logic  it  is  his  job." 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    51    ► 


MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


MODEL  SHOWING  THE  OTIS  STREAMLINE  ESCALATORS  AS 
THEY  WILL  LOOK  ON  THE  UPPER  AND  LOWER  FLOOR 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^52    ^ 


MAY.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


IMPROVED  DESIGN  FOR  DEPARTMENT 
STORE  ESCALATORS 


OMBINING  beauty  with  practicability,  the 
latest  in  department  store  escalators  is  at- 
tracting  interest  in  the  East,  particularly  among 
department  store  executives. 

For  many  years  the  escalator,  or  moving  stair- 
way as  it  is  sometimes  called,  had  been  consid- 
ered only  as  a  mechanism  for  carrying  crowds. 
With  the  advent  of  modern  merchandising  meth- 
ods it  has  been  found  that  for  department  store 
use  especially  the  escalator  has  some  other  very 
important  features,  among  them  the  ability  to  in- 
duce circulation.  In  other  words,  if  the  average 
customer  in  a  store  without  escalators  visits  two 
floors,  with  escalators  he  will  usually  stop  and 
shop  on  four  or  more.  This  fact,  combined  with 
the  knowledge  that  merchandise  attractively  dis- 
played can  create  sales,  has  brought  about  a  re- 
newed interest  in  the  subject  of  escalators. 

Despite  all  the  engineering  improvements  which 
have  made  the  escalator  very  efficient  and  almost 
noiseless,  many  stores  still  objected  to  escalators 
because  it  was  difficult  to  harmonize  them  with 
modern  interiors.  To  overcome  this  objection,  the 
Otis  Elevator  Company  enlisted  the  aid  of  the 
industrial  designer.  After  considerable  study  not 
only  of  the  mechanical  features,  but  also  of  the 
merchandising  possibilities  of  the  escalator,  sev- 
eral designs  were  created. 

One  of  these  designs,  and  typical  of  the  mod- 
ern trend,  not  only  produces  a  clean  cut.  flowing 
modern  effect  which  expresses  the  function  of  the 
escalator,  but  also  incorporates  some  interesting 
new  features. 

The  front  of  the  canopy  which  encloses  the 
mechanism  for  the  escalator  on  the  floor  above, 
is  utilized  to  form  a  directional  sign  visible  from 
all  parts  of  the  store.  On  the  sides  of  the  canopy 
moving  messages  may  be  used  to  call  attention 
to   special   sales  —  or    the   announcement   of   new 


merchandise.  A  strong  fight  on  the  underside  of 
the  canopy  throws  a  pool  of  light  on  each  of  the 
landings.  It  not  only  has  the  psychological  effect 
of  drawing  people  to  the  escalator  but  also  facili- 
tating their  movement  on  and  off  of  it.  Illuminated 
arrows  and  directional  signs  on  the  floors  of  each 
landing  help  to  direct  traffic.  Especially  valuable 
from  a  merchandising  viewpoint  are  the  small  dis- 
play cases  built  into  the  sides  of  the  escalator  and 
so  located  that  the  contents  must  be  seen  by  every 
customer. 

The  transformation  of  the  escalator  is  another 
illustration  of  the  assistance  which  the  designer  is 


ENTRANCE  TO  THE  NEW  OTIS  STREAMLINE 
ESCALATORS.   SHOWING  THE   BUILT-IN 
DISPLAY  CASES 


^    53    ► 


SIDE   VIEW   OF   THE   NEW   OTIS   STREAMLINE   ESCALATORS 


bringing  to  industry  and  of  the  increasing  import- 
ance of  appearance  in  hitherto  purely  mechanical 
products. 

A  large  new  department  store  in  which  all  of 
the  vertical  transportation  provided  for  the  pub- 
lic's use  will  be  by  escalator,  is  now  under  con- 
struction in  Chicago.  This  store,  which  will  con- 
tain five  floors,  including  a  basement,  with  pro- 
vision made  for  the  addition  of  three  more  stories 
later,  is  being  built  by  Sears,  Roebuck  &  Com- 
pany at  Sixty-third  and  Halsted  Streets,  and  will 
be  known  as  the  Sears,  Roebuck  &  Company 
Becker-Ryan  Store. 


VISIT  STEEL  PLANT 
More  than  100  architects  and  engineers  were 
the  guests  of  the  Soule  Steel  Company  on  two 
different  occasions  recently.  Following  a  buffet 
lunch,  the  visitors  inspected  the  essembling  of 
forms  for  a  group  of  dormitory  buildings  at  Stan- 
ford University.  Four  of  the  structures  will  have 
light  weight  arc  welded  steel  frames.  Commenting 
on  the  fire,  earthquake  and  termite  proof  features 
of  the  all  steel  buildings,   Edward  L.  Soule  pre- 


dicted that  within  a  short  time  this  type  of  con- 
struction will  become  generally  accepted  through- 
out the  country. 

A  complete  description  of  the  structures  will 
be  published  in  an  early  issue  of  The  Architect 
AND  Engineer. 


COLLEGE   BUILDING   ADDITION 

George  W.  Kelham,  315  Montgomery  Street, 
San  Francisco,  is  completing  plans  for  a  wing 
addition  to  the  chemistry  building  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  California  at  Los  Angeles.  It  will  be  a 
three-story  and  basement  structure;  steel  frame, 
reinforced  concrete  and  brick  walls,  concrete 
floors  and  stairs,  brick  exterior,  terra  cotta  tile 
roof,  ornamental  terra  cotta,  steel  windows,  metal 
furring  and  lathing,  dampproofing,  marble  and 
tile  work,  hollow  metal  doors,  slate  black-boards, 
ventilating,  high  and  low  pressure  steam  and  re- 
turn piping,  etc.  Cost  of  the  addition  and  equip- 
ment will  total  about  $300,000.  H.  J.  Brunnier. 
Sharon  Building.  San  Francisco,  is  structural  en- 
gineer and  Hunter  &  Hudson,  San  Franci.sco, 
mechanical  engineers. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    54   ► 


MAY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Estimator  s  Guide 

Giving  Cost  of  Building  Materials,  Wage  Scale,  Etc. 

Owing  to  the  various  crafts  accepting  the  NRA  code  of  fair  competition,  in  some  cases 
they  have  adopted  a  schedule  of  prices,  and  it  therefore  would  be  advisable  to  get  in 
touch  with  these  firms  direct. 

Amounts  quoted  are  figuring  prices  and  are  made  up  from  average  quotations  furnished 
by  material   houses   to   three   leading   contracting    firms   of   San   Francisco. 

NOTE — Add  2%%  Sale  Tax  on  all  materials  but  not  labor. 


All  prices  and  wages  quoted  are  tor 
San  Francisco  and  the  Bay  District. 
There  may  be  slight  fluctuation  of 
prices  in  the  interior  and  southern 
part  of  the  state.  Freight  cartage,  at 
least,  must  be  added  in  figuring  coun- 
try work. 

liond — 1%%   amount   of   contract. 

lirickwork — 

Common,  $35  to  IW  per  1000  laid, 
(according  to  class  of  worki. 

Face,  $75  to  $90  per  1000  laid,  ac- 
cording to  class  of  work). 

Brick  Steps,  using  pressed  brick, 
$1.10  lin.  ft. 

Brick  Walls,  using  pressed  brick  on 
edge,  60c  sq.  ft.  (Foundations  ex- 
tra.) 

Brick  Veneer  on  frame  buildings, 
?.7S  sq.  ft. 

Common,  f.  o.  b.  cars,  $15.00  job 
cartage. 

Face,  f.o.b.  cars,  $45.00  to  $50.00'  per 
1000,  carload  lots. 

HOLLOW  TILE  FIREPROOFING   (f.o.b.  job) 

3.xl2xl2in $  84.00  per  M 

4x12x12  in 94.50  per  M 

6x12x12  in 126..00  per  M 

8x12x12  in 225,00  per  M 

HOLLOW  BUILDING  TILE    (f.o.b.  job) 
carload  lota), 

8x12x5;/,    $  94.50 

6x12x5    'A 73.50 

Discount  5%. 


Composition  Floors  —  18c  to  35c  per 
sq.  ft.  In  large  quantities,  16c  per 
sq.  ft.  laid. 

Jlosaic  Floors — 80c  per  sq.  ft. 

Dnraflex  Floor— 23c  to  30c  sq.  ft. 

Kubber  Tile — 50c  per  sq.  ft. 

Terazzo  Floors — 45c  to  60e  per  sq.  ft. 

Terazzo  Steps— $1.60  lin.  ft. 


Concrete  Work  (material  at  San  Fran- 
cisco bunkers)  —  Quoiations  below 

2000  lbs.  to  the  ton.  $2.00  delivered. 

No.  3  rock,  at  bunkers $1.66  per  ton 

No.  4  rock,  at  bunkers 1.G5  per  ton 

Elliott  top  gravel,  at  bnkrs.  1.75  per  ton 
Washed  gravel,  at  bunkrs  1.75  per  ton 
Eliott  top  gravel,  at  bnkrs.  1.75  per  ton 
City  gravel,  at  bunkers....  1.40  per  ton 

River  sand,  at  bunkers 1.50  per  ton 

Delivered   bank    sand 120cu.  yd. 

Note — ^Above  prices  are  subject  to  dis- 
count of  10c  per  ton  on  invoices  paid 
on  or  before  the  L6th  of  month,  fol- 
lowing delivery. 

SAND 

Del  Monte,  $1.75  to  $3.00  per  ton. 
Fan    Shell    Beach    (car    lots,    f.  o.  b. 

Lake  Majella),  $2.75  to   $4.00   per 

ton. 


Cement,  $2.25  per  bbl.  in  paper  sks. 
Cement   (f.o.b.)   Job.  S.F.)  $2.90  per 

bbl. 
Cement     (f.o.b.     Job,     Oak.)     $2.90 
per  bbl. 
Rebate    of    10    cents    bbl.    cash    in    15 

days. 

Medusa  "White"  $  8.50  per  bbl. 

Forms.  Labors  average  25.00  per  M 
Average   cost   of   concrete   in   place, 

exclusive  of  forms,  30c  per  cu.  ft. 
4-inch  concrete  basement 

floor 12%c  to  14c  per  sq.  ft. 

4%  inch  Concrete  Basement 

floor  14%c  to  16c  per  sq.  ft. 

2-inch  rat-proofing.. ..6%c  per  s(|.  ft. 
Concrete  Steps  $1.25  per  lin.  ft. 

Dampproofing  and  Waterproofing' — 

Two-coat  work,  15c  per  yard. 
Membrane    waterproofing — 4    layers 

of  saturated  felt,  $4.00  per  square. 
Hot  coating  work,  $1.80  per  square. 
Meduca  Waterproofing,   15c   per  lb., 

San  Francisco  Warehouse. 

Electric  Wiring  —  $3.00  to  $9.00  per 
outlet   for   conduit   work    (including 
switches). 
Knob    and    tube    average    $2.25    to 

$5.00      per      outlet,      including 

switches. 


F.Ievators — 

Prices  vary  according  to  capacity, 
speed  and  type.  Consult  elevator 
companies.  Average  cost  of  in- 
stalling an  automatic  elevator  in 
four-story  building,  $2800;  direct 
automatic,  about  $2700. 

Excavation — 

Sand,  5  0  cents;  clay  or  shale,  8  0c 
per  yard. 

Teams,  $10.00   per  day. 

Trucks,  $18  to  $25  per  day. 

.Above  figures  are  an  average  with- 
out water.  Steam  shovel  work  in 
large  quantities,  less;  hard  ma- 
terial, such  as  rock,  will  run  con- 
siderably more. 

Fire  Escapes — 

Ten-foot  balcony,  with  stairs, 
$75.00  per  balcony,  averag)e. 

Glass  (consult  with  manufacturers) — 
Double   strength  window  glass,   15c 

per  square  foot. 
Quartz  Lite,  50c  per  square  foot. 

Plate  80c  per  square  foot. 
-Art,  $1.00  up  per  square  foot. 
Wire    (for  skylights),   35c   per  sq. 

foot. 
Obscure  glass,  26c  square  foot. 
Note — Add  extra  for  setting. 


Heating- 
Average,   $1.9'0  per  sq.  ft.  o£  radia- 
tion, according  to  conditions. 

Iron— Cost    of    ornamental    iron,    cast 
iron,  etc.,  depends  on  designs. 

Lumber  (prices  delivered  to  bldg.  site) 
Common,  $40.00  per  M. 
Common  O.P.  select,  $42.00  per  M 
(average.) 

1x6  No.  3— Form    Lumber    $28.00  per  M 

1x4  No.  1  flooring  VG  66.00  per  M 

1x4   No.   2    floorins    50.00  per  M 

1x4  No.  3  flooring  38.00  per  M 

1x6  No.  2  flooring     52.00  per  M 

1V4-X4  and  6  No.  2  flooring  61.00  per  M 

Slash  grain — 

1x4  No.  2  flooring     ?46.00  per  M 

1x4  No.  3  flooring  43.00  per  M 

No.  1  common   run  T.   &  G 42.00  per  M 

Lath     6.00  per  M 

Shingles   (add  cartage  to  prices 
quoted) — 

Redwood,  No.   1     $  1.00  per  bdle. 

Redwood,  No.  2     80  per  bdle. 

Red    Cedar    95  per  bdle. 

Hardwood  Flooring  (delivered  to 
building) — 

13-16x3i/i"  T  &  G  Maple $120.00  M  ft. 

1    l-16x2J4,"   T  &  G   Maple  132,00  M  ft. 

'78x3%   sq.  edge  Maple  140.00  M  ft. 

13-16x214"     %x2"     6-16x2" 
T&G  T&G       Sq.Ed. 

Clr.  Qtd.  Oak  ....$200.00  M  $160.00  M  $180  M 
Sel.  Qtd.  Oak  ....  140.00  M  120.00  M  135  M 
Clr.  Pla.  Oak  ....  135.00  M  107.00  M  120  M 
Sel.   Pla.   Oak  ....  120.00  M       88.00  M     107  M 

Clear  Maple  140.00  M     100.00  M 

Laying  &  Finishing  13c  ft.  11  ft.  10  ft. 
Wage— Floor  layers.  $7.50  per  day. 

Itnilding  Paper— 

1  ply  per  1000  ft.  roll  $3.50 

2  ply  per  1000  ft.   roll  6.00 

3  ply   per   1000   ft.    roll 6.25 

Brownskin,  600  ft.  roll 4.20 

Pro-tect-o-mat.    1000   ft.   roll   12.00 

Sisalkraft.    600   ft.    roll __....  5.00 

Sash  cord  com.  No.  7  $1.20  per  100  ft. 

Sash  cord  com.  No.   8  1.50  per  100  ft. 

Sash  cord  spot  No.   7   1.90  per  100  ft. 

Sash   cord  spot  No.   8  2.25  per  100  ft. 

Sash    weights   cast    iron,    $50.00    ton 

Nails.    $3.50   base. 
Sash  weights,  $45  per  ton. 

.^lillwork — 

O.    P.    $100.00    per    1000.    R.    W., 

$106.00  per  1000    (deivered). 

Double    hung    box    window    frames, 

average,  with  trim,  $6.50  and  up, 

each. 

Doors,  including  trim  (single  panel. 

1%    in.    Oregon    pine)    $8.00    and 

up,  each. 
Doors,    including    trim    (five    panel, 

1%  in.  Oregon  pine)  $6.50  each. 
Screen  doors,  |4.00  each. 
Patent  screen  windows,  25c  a  sq.  ft. 
Cases  tor  kitchen  pantries  seven  ft. 

high,   per  lineal  ft.,   $6.50   each. 
Dining  room  cases,   $7.00  per  lin- 
eal foot. 
Labor — Rough  carpentry,  warehouse 

heavy     framing     (average), 

$12.00   per  M. 
For  smaller  work  average,   $27.50 

to   $35.00   per   1000. 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  May.  1934 


55 


Miirble — (See  Dealers) 

rniiiting — 

Two-coat  work  29c  per  yard 

Three-coat  work  40c  per  yard 

Cold  Water  Painting  10c  per  yard 

Whitewashing  4c  per  yard 

Turpentine,  SOc  per  gal.,  in  cans  and 

7i5c  per  gal.  in  drums. 
Raw   Linseed   Oil— SOc   gal.   in   bbls. 
Boiled  Linseed  Oil— 8'5c  gal.  in  bbls. 
Medusa  Portland  Cement  Paint,  2uc 

per  lb. 
Carter  or   Dutch  Boy   White  Lead   in 

Oil  (in  steel  kegs). 

Per  Lb. 

1  ton  lots,  100  lbs.  net  weight  10%c 

50'0  lb.  and  less  than  1  ton  lots  lie 

Less  than  mO  lb.  lots llVaC 

Dutch  Boy  Dry  Red  Lead  and 
Lithargre  (in  steel  kegs). 
1  ton  lots,  100  lb.  kegs,  net  wt.  10%c 
500  lb.  and  less  than  1  ton  lots  lie 

Less  than  500  lb.  lots liy2C 

Red  Lead  iu  Oil  (in  steel  kegs) 

1  ton  lots,  100'  lb.  keg  s.net.  wt.  12 1/20 
500  lb.  and  less  than  1  ton  lots  12%c 

Less  than  500  lb.  lots Vic 

Note — Accessibility    and    conditions 
cause  wide  variance  of  costs. 

Patent  Cliiuineys — 

6-inch $1.00  lineal  foot 

8-inch 1.50  lineal  foot 

1'0-lnch 1.75  lineal  foot 

12-inch 2.00  lineal  foot 

Plastering— Interior — 

Yard 

1  coat,  brown   mortar  only,   wood   lath....$0.30 

2  coats,    lime    mortar    hard    finish,    wood 
lath     60 


2  coats,  hard   wall   plaster,    wood    lath....$  .55 

3  coats,  metal    lath    and    plaster 1.20 

Keene    cement   on    metal    lath 1.25 

Ceilings  with  %  hot  roll  channels  metal 

lath     70 

Ceilings  with    U  hot  roll  channels  metal 

lath   plastered   1.40 

Shingle  partition  %  channel  lath  1  side  .70 
Single  partition   =Ji   channel  lath  2  sides 

2    inches   thick    2.70 

4-inch   double   partition  %   channel   lath 

2    sides    1.30 

4-inch   double  partition    %    channel   lath 

2    sides    plastered    2.60 

Plastering — Exterior — 

Yard 
2    coats    cement     finish,    brick    or    con- 
crete   wall    ; S  .90 

2  coats    Atlas    cement,    brick    or    con- 
crete   wall    1.15 

If    coats    cement    finish    No.     18    gauge 
wire    mesh    1.40 

3  coats    Medusa    finish    No.     18    gauge 
wire    mesh    1.75 

Wood    lath,    .1(5.60    per    1000. 

2.5-lb.   metal   lath    (dippedj IT 

2.5-lb.    metal   lath    (galvanized) 20 

3.4-lb.   metal   lath    (dipped) 22 

3.4-lb.   metal   lath    ^galvanized) 28 

?4-inch  hot  roll   channels.   $72   per  ton. 
Finish    plaster,    $18.90    ton:    in    paper    sacks. 
Dealer's   commission,   $1.00   off   above 
quotations. 

$13.85    (rebate  10c  sack). 
Lime,    f.o.b.   warehouse,    $2.2obbl.  ;cars,  $2.15 
Lime,   bulk    (ton   2000   lbs.),   $16.00   ton. 
Wall  Board  5  ply.  $50.00  per  M. 
Hydrate   Lime.   $19.50   ton. 

Composition  Stucco — $1.35  to  $1.7.t  per 

sq.  yard    (applied). 

Plumbing — 

From    $65.00    per    fixture    up,    ac- 
cording to  grade,   quantity  and 
runs. 
Kootin:; — 

"Standard"  tar  and  gravel,   $6.00 

per  sq.   for   30   sqs.   or  over. 
Less  than   30   sqs.   $6.50  per  sq. 
Tile,  $20.00  to  $®5.0O  per  square. 


Redwood  Shingles,  $11.00  per  square 

in  place. 
Cedar  Shingles,  $10  sq.  in  place. 
Recoat,   with    Gravel,    $3.00    per   sq. 
Slate,  from  $25.00  to  $60.00   per  sq. 

laid,      according     to     color     and 

thickness. 

Sheet  -Hetal— 

Windows— Metal,  $2.00  a  sq.  foot. 
Fire    doors     (average),    including 

hardware,  $2.00  per  sq.  ft. 

Sliylights — 

Copper,  90c  sq.  ft.  (not  glazed). 
Galvanized    iron,    25c    sq.    ft.     (not 

glazed). 

Steel— Structural 

$100  ton   (erected),  this  quotation 

is  an  average  for  comparatively 

small    quantities.     Light    truss 

work    higher.     Plain    beams    and 

column   work   in   large   quantities 
$80    to    $9'0    per    ton    cost   of    steel; 

average    building,    $89.00. 
Steel  Reinforcing — 

$8:5.00  per  ton,  set,   (average). 

Stone — 

Granite,   average,   $6.50    cu.   foot   in 

place. 
Sandstone,      average      Blue,      $4.00, 

Boise,  $3.00  sq.  ft.  in  place. 
Indiana  Limestone,  $2.80  per  sq.  ft. 

in   place 
Store   Fronts — 

Copper   sash   bars   for   store   fronts 

corner,   center   and   around    side"*. 

will   average  7'5c   per   lineal   foot. 
Note — Consult  with  agents. 
Tile  —  Floor,  >Valnscot,  Etc.  —  (See 
Dealers). 


SAN    FRANCISCO    BUILDING    TRADES   WAGE   SCALE    FOR    1933 


Established  by  The  Impartial  Wage  Board  No 


rk  January  1,   1933,  to 
emain  substantially  unchanged. 


elect  until  June  30,  1933,  and  jor  to 


CRAFT  Mechanics 

Asbeslor    Workers $6.40 

Bricklayers 9.00 

Bricklayers'  Hodcarriers   5.G0 

Cabinet   Workers    (Outside)    7.20' 

Caisson  Workers  (Open)  Water  Work.... 
Carpentc 


ale  is  based  on  an  eight-hour  day  and  is  to  be 

skill   and   craft  knowledge   may  be   paid 

JoLurneyman 


Gen 


nt    Fii 


Cork   Insulation    Workers   

Electrical   Workers   

Electrical  Fixture  Hangers  

Elerator   Constructors    

Elevator   Constructors*    Helpers 
Engineers.    Portable   and    Hoisting 
Glass  Workers  (All  Classifications) 
Hardwood   Fl< 
Housemovers 
Housesmiths. 
side) 
Housesmiths 


7.20* 
7.20 
7.20 
8.00 
7.00 
8.68 
6.08 
8.00 
6.80 
7.20* 
6.40 


Architectural    Ir 


Reinforced    Concrete, 


Rodmen     7.20 


'Established  by  Special  Board 


Journeyman 
CRAFT  Mechanics 

Iron  Workers    (Bridge  and  Structural)..  9.60 

Iron  Workers   (Hoisting  Engineers)   10.00 

Laborers    (6-day   week)    5.00 

Lathers,    Channel   Iron    8.00 

Lathers.   All   Other  6.80 

Marble   Setters    8.00 

Marble    Setters'    Helpers    5.00 

Millwrights     7.20* 

Mosaic  and  Terrazzo  Workers  (Outside)  7.20 

Mosaic  and  Terrazzo  Helpers   5.00 

Painters    7.00 

Painters,      Varnishers      and      Polishers 

(Outside)    7.00 

Pile    Drivers    and   Wharf   Builders    $  8.00 

Pile    Drivers    Engineers    9.00 

Plasterers     8.80 

Plasterers'   Hodcarriers   6.00 

Plumbers    8.00 

Roofers    (All   classifications)    6.40 

Sheet  Metal  Workers  7.20 

Sprinkler   Fitters   9.00 

Steam   Fitters   8.00 


CRAFT  Journeyman 

Mechanics 

Stair  Builders  7.20* 

Stone  Cutters,  Soft  and  Granite  6.80 

Stone   Setters.   Soft   and  Granite   8.00 

Stone   Derrickmen   _ 7.20 

Tile   Setters   8.00 

Tile   Setters'   Helpers   5.00 

Tile.  Cork  and  Rubber  7.20 

Welders,     Structural     Steel     Frame     on 

Buildings    9.60 

Welders,   All   Others  on   Buildings    8.00 

Auto  Truck  Drivers — Less  than  2,500  lbs.  5.50 
Auto      Truck      Drivers— 2,500      lbs.      to 

4.500    lbs 6.00 

Auto      Truck      Drivers — 4,500      lbs.      to 

6,500   lbs 6.50 


Auto  Truck  Drive 
General  Teamstei 
General  Teamstei 
General  Teamstei 
Plow  Teamsters. 
Scr 
Scr 


rs — 6,500  lbs.  and  over  7.00 

s,    1    Horse   5.50 

s,  2  Horses  6.00 

s,   4    Horses   6.50 

4   Horses  6.50 

6.00 

6.00 


1.  Eight  hours  shall  constitute  a  day's  work 
for   all    crafts,    except   as    otherwise   noted. 

2.  Where  less  than  eight  hours  are  worked 
pro  rata  rates  for  such  shorter  period  shall 
be  paid. 

3.  Plasterers'  Hodcarriers.  Bricklayers'  Hod- 
carriers. Roofers'  Laborers  and  Engineers, 
Portable  and  Hoisting,  shall  start  15  min- 
utes before  other  workmen,  both  at  morn- 
ing and  at  noon. 

4.  Five  days,  consisting  of  not  more  than 
eight  hours  a  day,  on  Monday  to  Friday 
inclusive,    shall    constitute    a    week's   work. 

5.  The  wages  set  forth  herein  shall  be  con- 
sidered as  net  wages. 

6.  Except  as  noted  the  above  rates  of  pay  ap- 
ply only  to  work  performed  at  the  job 
site. 

7.  Transportation  costs  in  excess  of  twenty- 
five  cents  each  way  shall  be  paid  by  the 
contractor. 

8.  Traveling  time  in  excess  of  one  and  one- 
half  hours  each  way  shall  be  paid  for  at 
straight  time  rates. 


GENERAL    WORKING     CONDITIONS 

day' 


9.  Overtime  shall  be  paid  as  follows:  For 
the  first  four  hourB  after  the  first  eight 
hours,  time  and  one-half.  All  time  there- 
after shall  be  paid  double  time.  Satur- 
days (except  Laborers),  Sundays  and  Holi- 
days from  12  midnight  of  the  preceding 
day,  shall  be  paid  double  time.  Irrespec- 
tive of  starting  time,  overtime  for  Cement 
Finishers  shall  not  commence  until  after 
eight  hours  of  work. 

10.  On  Saturday  Laborers  shall  be  paid 
straight  time  for  an  eight>hour  day. 

11.  "Where  two  shifts  are  worked  in  any 
twenty- four  hours,  shift  time  shall  be 
straight  time.  Where  three  shifts  are 
worked,  eight  hours*  pay  shall  be  paid 
for  seven  hours  on  the  second  and  third 
shifts. 

12.  All  work,  except  as  noted  in  paragraph 
13,  shall  be  performed  between  the  hours 
of  8  A.   M.  and  5  P.   M. 

13.  In 
be 


men  reporting  for  work  shall  work  at 
straight  time.  Any  work  performed  on 
such  jobs  after  midnight  shall  be  paid 
time  and  one-half  up  to  four  hours  of 
overtime  and  double  time  thereafter  (pro- 
vided, that  if  a  new  crew  is  employed  on 
Saturdays,  Sundays  or  Holidays  which  has 
not  worked  during  the  five  preceding  work- 
ing days,  such  crew  shall  be  paid  time 
and  one-half.  No  job  can  be  considered 
as  an  emergency  job  until  it  has  been 
registered  with  the  Industrial  Association 
and  a  determination  has  been  made  that 
the  job  falls  within  the  terms  of  this 
section). 

14.  Recognized  holidays  to  be :  New  Year's 
Day,  Decoration  Day,  Fourth  of  July, 
Labor  Day.  Admission  Day,  Thanksgiving 
Day.    Christmas   Day. 

15.  Men  ordered  to  report  for  work,  for 
whom  no  employment  is  provided  shall  be 
entitled   to   two   hours'   pay. 

16.  This  award  shall  be  effective  in  the  City 
and  County  of  San  Francisco. 


NOTE:    Provision  of  paragraph  IS  appearing  in  brackets   (   )  does  not  apply  to   Carpenters,    Cabinet    Workers    (Outside),    Hardwood    Fli 
Wrights,   or   Stair   Builders. 


MilU 


56 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  May.  1934 


CLOSE  UP  OF  MARIN  TOWER,  GOLDEN 
BRIDGE 


OUT  WHERE  THE  BRIDGE  BEGINS 


ODAY.  a  gigantic  superstructure  rises  from 
„  „,  i-Vi^  North  promontory  of  tfiat  projecting 
strip  of  land  which  gradually  slopes  from  the  ele- 
vation of  Tamalpais  to  protect  from  tempest  winds 
and  pounding  surf,  one  of  the  greatest  harbors  in 

the  world — San  Francisco  Bay.  And 
Totcer  while    this    great    monolith    of    steel 

of  Steel        reaches    toward    the    sky.    men,    like 

tiny  ants  are  moving  about.  Here 
they  swing  from  thread-like  cables;  there  on  the 
very  top  they  work  and  sweat  as  a  mammoth  truss 
is  deftly  swung  into  place  accompanied  by  the 
deafening  staccato  of  riveting  hammers. 

Under  the  influence  and  setting  of  this  giant 
project,  the  achievements  of  man  become  real  and 
a  new  appreciation  touches  our  very  soul  as  the 
struggle  to  bridge  the  Golden  Gate  doggedly  con- 
tinues. 

Steel  workers  and  painters  climb  about  the  pro- 
jecting steel,  unmindful  of  the  heights.  As  we 
look  at  them  a  whistle  blows;  metallic  clatter 
ceases  and  the  men  descend  to  earth  again.  As 
they  step  from  the  platforms  we  scrutinize  them 
carefully,  but  to  our  surprise  there  is  nothing  un- 
usual  in   their  outer  appearance.    We   find   them 

The  Architect  and  Engineer.  May,  1934 


by 

CHESTER  P.  NINEKIRK 


real  men,  realists — who  like  to  work  with  tools; 
men  who  delight  in  seeing  the  efforts  of  their 
physical  skill  grow  before  their  ever  watchful  eyes. 
They  leave  it  for  others  to  plan  and  dream. 

In  their  mental  make-up  we  do  find  some  dif- 
ferences. They  are  those  who  have  conquered 
that  certain  psychological  limitation  known  as  fear, 
from  which  most  humans  suffer  when  unduly  ex- 
posed in  mid  air  on  high  elevations — one  of  the 
idiosyncrasies  of  the  human  mentality. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  a  man  who  would 
almost  welcome  a  situation  wherein  he  must  fight 
his  weight  in  boa  constrictors,  might  be  the  very 
individual  who  would  suffer  with  quivering  knees 
and  shaking  jitters  while  watching  the  builders  of 
bridges. 

These  are  but  a  few  of  the  small  incidents  of 
human  character  that  go  into  the  melting  pot  of 
human  aggressiveness — just  some  of  the  insatiable 
traits  that  stimulate  man's  desire  to  overcome  the 
great  natural  barriers  that  hinder  his  progress, 
— and  it  matters  not  whether  his  desire  is  to  build 
a  gigantic  bridge,  or  cut  a  trail  through  a  virgin 
jungle  infested  with  reptiles;  his  spirit  faileth  him 
not. 


57 


58 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  May,  1934 


«    «   «   « 


With  the  Architects  »  »  »  » 


ARCHITECTS  VISIT 
STEEL  PLANT 

Members  of  the  Producers'  Council  Club  of 
Northern  California  affiliated  with  the  American 
Institute  of  Architects,  were  given  the  coveted 
opportunity  of  a  conducted  tour  through  the  Pitts- 
burg plant  of  the  Columbia  Steel  Company  on 
Wednesday,  April  18.  Practically  every  depart- 
ment of  the  plant  was  in  operation,  so  that  mem- 
bers of  the  party  were  enabled  to  watch  the  actual 
making  of  various  steel  products  from  the  melting 
of  the  pig  iron  to  the  final  testing  of  the  finished 
article  before  shipment. 

The  group  visiting  the  plant  numbered  over 
120,  including  a  representative  group  of  the  Bay 
Region's  most  prominent  architects,  several  engi- 
neers of  note,  representatives  of  the  Columbia 
Steel  Company,  and  others.  Guests  included  A.  J. 
Evers,  president  of  the  Northern  California  Chap- 
ter of  the  American  Institute  of  Architects,  and 
H.  M.  Michelsen,  A. I. A.  representative  to  the 
Producers'  Council. 

Ben  F.  Blair,  president  of  the  Producers'  Coun- 
cil Club,  extended  greetings  to  the  group  gath- 
ered at  a  luncheon  which  followed  the  tour  of  the 
plant.  Dr.  G.  L.  Von  Planck  of  the  Columbia 
Steel  Company  gave  an  interesting  talk  on  the 
metallurgical  problems  of  steel  manufacture,  speak- 
ing particularly  of  the  high  quality  of  workman- 
ship demanded  by  the  Columbia  Steel  Company 
in  the  manufacture  of  steel  sheets  and  tin  plate 
to  produce  a  product  that  will  meet  the  severe 
demands  of  later  forming  and  fabricating.  Dr. 
Von  Planck  also  dealt  at  some  length  with  the 
rust-resisting  properties  of  copper  bearing  steel. 

It  was  universally  agreed  that  the  trip  not  only 
added  to  the  store  of  knowledge  of  the  many 
guests,  but  also  contributed  materially  to  their 
fund  of  good  fellowship. 


ELLIS  F.  LAWRENCE  HONORED 
Tribute  to  Ellis  F.  Lawrence,  architect  of  Port- 
land, for  his  splendid  work  in  promoting  building 
construction  during  the  months  of  depression,  was 
paid  by  the  Oregon  Building  Congress  following 
the  discharge  of  the  Work  Promotion  Committee 
on  March  20.  Special  recognition  of  16  months 
of  unremitting  labor  was  expressed  in  a  resolu- 
tion presented  to  the  guest  of  honor  by  F.  H. 
Murphy,  president  of  the  congress.  The  resolu- 
tion reads: 

"Resolved,  that  the  board  of  directors,  on 
behalf  of  the  Oregon  Building  Congress  ex- 
press herewith  its  sincere  appreciation  of  the 
invaluable  service  Ellis  F.  Lawrence  has  ren- 
dered through  its  entire  history,  and  in  par- 
ticular through  his  labors  with  the  Work 
Promotion  Committee,  his  devotion  to  the  best 
interests  of  the  building  construction  indus- 
try, his  insistence  upon  adherence  to  sound 
business  practices  in  the  crafts  and  profes- 
sional branches  of  the  industry,  and  the  main- 
tenance of  high  professional  ideals  and  a  fair- 
ness of  spirit  in  his  dealings  with  all  others, 
which  have  characterized  his  efforts  through- 
out, and  be  it  further 

"Resolved,  that  these  resolutions  be  en- 
tered on  the  records  of  the  Oregon  Building 
Congress,  and  that  a  copy,  suitably  embossed 
be  furnished  Mr.  Lawrence. 

"James  J.  Sayer,  Ray  Becker,  and  George 
W.  Herron,  chairmen." 

Ellis  Lawrence  is  senior  member  of  Lawrence, 
Holford  and  AUyn,  and  dean  of  the  school  of 
architecture  of  fine  arts.  University  of  Oregon, 
Eugene. 

Abbott  Lawrence,  son  of  the  honor  guest,  gave 
an  interesting  account  of  his  recent  European  so- 
journ devoted  both  to  study  and  business. 


ENGINEERS  GIVE  TALKS 
Two  construction  projects  of  interest  were  dis- 
cussed at  the  May  2  meeting  of  the  North  Oak- 
land Development  Association.  "Bay  Bridge  Ap- 
proaches and  Other  Arterial  Problems"  was  the 
subject  of  an  informal  talk  by  Walter  Frickstad, 
city  engineer  of  Oakland,  while  Wallace  Boggs, 
chief  engineer  of  the  Broadway  low-level  tunnel, 
spoke  on  "The  Tunnel  Construction  and  Ap- 
proaches." 

The  Architect  and  Engineer.  May,  1934 


EASTBAY  ENGINEERS  CLUB 
Carl  Jansen,  superintendent  of  Bridge  Builders, 
Inc.,  was  principal  speaker  at  the  April  meeting 
of  the  Eastbay  Engineers  Club,  Oakland.  His 
subject  was  "Problems  in  Building  the  Eastbay 
Piers  of  the  San  Francisco-Oakland  Bay  Bridge." 
Resignation  of  Colonel  H.  C.  Boyden  as  secre- 
tary of  the  club  was  announced  by  Harold  Farns- 
worth  Gray,  president,  who  said  G.  J.  Cummings 
had  been  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

59 


TO  REMODEL  HOTEL 
Plans  have  been  prepared  by  A.  R.  Denke  for 
extensive  remodeling  and  refurnishing  of  the  eight 
story  Argonaut  Hotel  on  4th  Street,  between  Mar- 
ket and  Mission  Streets,  San  Francisco.  The 
building  is  owned  by  the  Society  of  California 
Pioneers.  About  $100,000  will  be  expended  on 
the  improvements. 


BROADWAY  TUNNEL,  OAKLAND 
Bids  are  to  be  submitted  this  month  for  the  gen- 
eral construction  of  the  Broadway  Low  Level 
Tunnel,  a  project  involving  $3,750,000  and  par- 
tially financed  from  Federal  funds.  Plans  for  the 
various  structures  in  connection  with  the  project 
were  prepared  by  Wallace  B.  Boggs,  1448  Web- 
ster Street.  Oakland. 


DORMITORY  FOR  JESUIT  ORDER 
The  Jesuit  Order  of  Divinity  Students  will  have 
a  new  dormitory  at  their  retreat  in  the  Los  Gatos 
foothills.  Plans  for  the  $40,000  building  are  be- 
ing prepared  in  the  office  of  Edward  A.  Fames, 
architect,  353  Sacramento  Street,  San   Francisco. 


DEVELOPING  HILLSIDE  PROPERTIES 
Hillside  properties  in  Berkeley  are  being  devel- 
oped auspiciously  by  the  owners.  Several  houses 
already  have  been  built  and  others  are  planned. 
W.  A.  Netherby  has  a  contract  for  building  a 
$6000  home  for  the  Hillside  Properties  Company. 


BERKELEY  FIRE  HOUSE 
Preliminary  drawings  have  been  made  by  Hard- 
man  6  Russ,  architects,  for  a  Spanish  style  fire- 
house  to  be  built  at  the  corner  of  Yolo  Street  and 
The  Alameda,  Berkeley.  It  is  believed  construc- 
tion will  go  forward  some  time  this  summer. 


RESIDENCE  ALTERATIONS 
Bakewell  &  Weihe,  251  Kearny  Street,  San 
Francisco,  have  completed  drawings  for  altera- 
tions to  the  house  at  74  Twenty-fifth  Avenue. 
North.  San  Francisco,  the  property  of  Martin  J. 
Dinkelspeil. 


PALO  ALTO  SCHOOL  CHANGES 
Extensive  structural  changes  to  the  Palo  Alto 
Union  High  School  group  are  to  be  made  from 
plans  by  Birge  M.  Clark,  architect,  and  W.  L. 
Heuber.  structural  engineer.  A  bond  issue  for 
$110,000  has  been  approved. 


HILLSBOROUGH  RESIDENCE 
Willis  Polk  &  Company,  277  Pine  Street,  San 
Francisco,  has  completed  plans  for  a  stucco  resi- 
dence in   Hillsborough   for  W.   P.   Byrnes.    Bids 
have  been  taken  from  a  selected  list  of  contractors. 


HONOR  FOR  SAN  FRANCISCO  BOYS 
Two  members  of  the  San  Francisco  Architec- 
tural Club  have  just  won  Harvard  University 
scholarships.  They  are  Noel  O'Connor,  in  the 
office  of  Arthur  Brown,  Jr.,  and  Chris  Runge, 
formerly  in  the  office  of  H.  A.  Minton.  As  if 
this  were  not  sufficient  honor  for  San  Francisco, 
a  third  member  of  the  club,  E.  T.  deMartini,  qual- 
ified as  alternate  in  the  event  Ruge  or  O'Connor 
cannot  take  the  scholarships.  And  Harvard  Uni- 
versity commented  that  this  year's  work  was  the 
best  presentation  in  ten  years.  The  subject  was: 
"A  Residence  for  an  Ambassador,"  and  required 
the  contestants  to  make  a  design  with  all  plans 
and  details  within  six  days.  The  scholarships  are 
valued  at  $1,000  each. 


NEW  THEATERS  PLANNED 

There  have  lately  developed  considerable  activ- 
ity in  theater  construction. 

The  T  &  D  Enterprises  will  erect  a  two  story 
reinforced  concrete  moving  picture  house  in 
Susanville.  and  a  one  story  reinforced  concrete 
theater  at  Redding.  They  will  cost  $40,000  and 
$120,000  respectively.  L.  H.  Nishkian  of  San 
Francisco,  is  the  structural  engineer. 

A  type  B  theater  is  being  designed  for  Alameda 
County,  by  F.  Frederic  Amandes,  1879-1 8th  Ave- 
nue, San  Francisco.  The  playhouse  will  seat  1000 
persons  and  cost  $70,000.  It  will  be  used  both 
for  moving  pictures  and  legitimate  plays 

Mr.  Amandes  has  also  made  plans  for  exten- 
sive   alterations    to    the    Fox-Virginia    theater    in 

Vallejo. 

OFFICE  FOR  LAND  BANK 

The  eight  story  loft  building  at  15th  and  Clay 
Streets,  Oakland,  formerly  occupied  by  the  Bren- 
ner Furniture  Store,  has  been  leased  by  the  Gov- 
ernment and  will  be  occupied  as  an  office  building 
by  the  Federal  Land  Bank.  Rearrangement  of  the 
various  floors  and  fitting  up  of  suitable  office  quar- 
ters, is  in  the  hands  of  James  W.  Plachek,  archi- 
tect.  Mercantile  Trust  Building,   Berkeley. 


ALBERT  F.  ROLLER  BUSY 
Recent  work  in  the  office  of  Albert  F.  Roller, 
architect,  Crocker  First  National  Bank  Building. 
San  Francisco,  includes  a  Manuel  Arts  Building 
for  the  Woodrow  Wilson  Grammar  School  at 
Daly  City,  and  alterations  to  the  Lyons-Magnus 
factory  at  16th  and  Alabama  Streets,  San  Fran- 
cisco. Mr.  Roller  is  also  preparing  working  draw- 
ings for  a  new  postoffice  building  at  Redding. 


PIEDMONT  PINES  HOME 
A  $5500  home  is  to  be  built  in  Piedmont  Pines, 
Oakland,    by    Earl    V.    Hildreth.    from    plans    by 
W.  R.  Yelland,  architect,  Financial  Center  Build- 
ing, Oakland. 


60 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  May.  1934 


PERSONAL 

Alban  a.  Shay,  A. I. A.,  recently  resumed 
downtown  activity  in  Seattle  by  opening  an  arch- 
itectural office  at  406  Aurora  Avenue. 

Carl  F.  Gould,  of  Bebb  and  Gould,  Seattle, 
and  his  family,  returned  Monday,  April  16,  from 
a  two-weeks  trip  to  California.  Mr.  Gould  was 
recently  elected  vice-president  of  the  Pacific- 
Northwest  Academy  of  Arts,  Seattle. 

Julius  A.  Zittel,  retired  Spokane  architect, 
has  presented  his  architectural  library  to  the  de- 
partment of  architectural  engineering.  State  Col- 
lege of  Washington,  Mr,  Zittel  served  several 
years  as  Washington  state  architectural  examiner. 

J.  C.  Bebb,  son  of  Charles  H,  Bebb,  senior 
member  of  Bebb  and  Gould.  Seattle  architectural 
firm,  has  been  re-elected  treasurer  of  the  Con- 
struction League  of  America, 

Four  architecture  students  at  the  University  of 
Washington,  Robert  L,  Durham,  James  Joseph 
Chiarelli.  Elmer  Leonard  Omdal  and  Yoshio 
Iwanga.  were  chosen  pledges  to  Tau  Sigma  Delta, 
national  architectural  professional  fraternity,  at 
the  April  meeting. 


CHICAGO  ARCHITECTS  IGNORED 
Geo.  Wallace  Carr  writes  the  editor  of  Illinois 
Society  of  Architects  Monthly  Bulletin  as  follows: 

The  Art  Institute  of  Chicago  has  invited  two 
Chicago  architects  and  five  New  York  architects 
to  compete  for  designs  for  the  proposed  additions 
to  their  building,  and  the  architects  of  Chicago 
may  well  ask  themselves  why  this  is  so. 

Are  there  only  two  architects  in  Chicago  com- 
petent to  undertake  this  commission?  Are  all  of 
the  older  men,  e.xcepting  those  chosen,  too  old  and 
doddering,  dry  witless  old  duffers,  only  waiting 
for  the  sexton  and  parson  to  end  a  career  long 
since  closed?  Are  our  younger  men  too  green 
and  impulsive,  too  lacking  in  experience  and  wis- 
dom to  be  trusted?  The  answer  to  these  questions 
is  clearly  "No"  on  every  count. 

The  situation  appears  to  me  to  be  so  extra- 
ordinary that  comment  is  compelled.  The  money 
to  be  spent  probably  comes  principally  from  Chi- 
cago, and  unless  there  are  better  reasons  than 
appear  on  the  surface,  should  be  spent  in  Chicago. 

I  am  told  the  architects  invited  are: 
James  Russell  Pope         Bennett.  Parsons  &  Frost 
Delano  and  Aldrich        Holabird  &  Root 
Paul  Cret  Raymond  Hood 

Hyram  Walker 


PERRY  HEADS  STATE  BOARD 
Warren  C.  Perry,  head  of  the  School  of  Arch- 
itecture, University  of  California,  Berkeley,  has 
been  elected  president  of  the  State  Board  of 
Architectural  Examiners,  succeeding  Henry  H. 
Gutterson.  San  Francisco,  who  had  been  presi- 
dent since  shortly  after  the  first  of  the  year  when 
Albert  J.  Evers  resigned. 

Mr.  Gutterson  had  been  a  member  of  the  board 
since  1930. 

Officers  and  members  of  the  two  boards  are: 
Northern   District  —  Warren   C.    Perry,   presi- 
dent; C.  J.  Ryland,  secretary;  Chas.  F.  B.  Roeth. 
H.  Meyer  and  Harry  J.  Devine. 

Southern  District — Louis  J.  Gill,  president;  A. 
M.  Edelman.  secretary;  Harold  C.  Chambers, 
Harold  E.  Burkett,  C.  Stanley  Wilson. 

Mr.  Edelman  is  secretary  of  the  state  board, 
succeeding  Mr.  Ryland. 


RESIGNS  STATE  BOARD  OFFICE 
Henry  H.  Gutterson  recently  tendered  his  res- 
ignation as  a  member  of  the  California  State 
Board  of  Architecture,  Northern  Division.  No 
explanation  for  his  resignation  has  been  announc- 
ed. Governor  Rolph  appointed  Charles  F.  B. 
Roeth  of  Oakland  as  Mr.  Gutterson's  successor. 


OREGON  REGISTERED  ARCHITECTS 
Registered  architects  of  Oregon  at  a  meeting 
held  April  4  in  Portland,  elected  Francis  Jacob- 
berger  general  chairman,  and  Mrs.  F.  A.  Fritsch 
secretary-treasurer.  Mr.  Jacobberger  is  to  name 
four  society  members  to  serve  with  himself  on 
the  board  of  directors.  Lea  MacPike  was  made 
chairman  of  a  committe  to  study  a  school  rebuild- 
ing program,  to  be  financed  with  the  aid  of  Fed- 
eral funds.  The  session,  attended  by  35  archi- 
tects and  draftsmen,  voted  to  continue  member- 
ship in  the  Federated  Professional  Societies  of 
Oregon. 

Forty-two  architects  are  registered  for  profes- 
sional practice  in  Idaho,  according  to  an  official 
list  issued  by  Emmett  Pfost,  commissioner  of  law 
enforcement. 


LOS  ANGELES  COMPETITION 
An  architectural  competition  for  the  best  de- 
signs for  a  mountain  cabin  with  900  sq.  ft.  floor 
area  was  recently  conducted  by  the  Architects 
Building  Material  Exhibit.  Los  Angeles.  The 
competition  was  open  to  all  Southern  California 
certificated  architects.  Three  cash  prizes  will  be 
given  by  the  Hammond  Lumber  Company  to  the 
winners  as  follows:  First  prize,  $125;  second 
prize,  $50,  and  third  prize,  $25.  The  jury:  Sum- 
mer Spaulding.  Gordon  B.  Kaufmann  and  H.  Roy 
Kelley;  Mrs.  Walter  F.  Malone.  and  Miss  M. 
L.  Schmidt. 


MRS.  HARLAN  THOMAS 
Mrs.  Edith  Thomas,  wife  of  Harlan  Thomas 
and  mother  of  Donald  Thomas.  Seattle  architects, 
passed  away  the  third  week  in  March  shortly 
after  returning  with  her  husband  from  a  two 
months'  sojourn  in  California. 


The  Architect  and  Enaineer.  May.  1934 


NEW  OFFICE,  SALES  BUILDING  AND  SHOP  OF  SCOTT-BUTTNER 
ELECTRIC  COMPANY.  OAKLAND,  CALIFORNIA 


SCOTT-BUTTNER  ELECTRIC  COMPANY 
OCCUPIES  NEW  HOME 


COTT-BUTTNER  Electric  Company,  one 
of  the  oldest  established  firms  in  the  Bay 
area,  recently  demonstrated  its  understanding  of 
the  rapidly  changing  channels  of  trade  by  making 
a  major  venture  in  its  plan  of  operation. 

Realizing  that  the  swing  of  merchandising  of 
small  electrical  appliances  is  towards  the  chain 
and  department  stores,  the  Scott-Buttner  Elec- 
tric Co.,  has  now  made  the  store  a  minor  activ- 
ity. The  company  has  enlarged  its  electrical  con- 
tracting facilities  and  organized  and  equipped  its 
shop  to  handle  machine  and  motor  repairs.  This 
plan  included  the  moving  to  a  larger  factory  type 
building  at  23rd  and  Webster  Streets,  Oakland. 
The  building  is  a  two  story  reinforced  concrete 
structure  and  provides  drive-in  facilities  for  the 
handling  of  heavy  motors  and  materials.  There 
is  a  full  second  floor  which  accommodates  a  motor 
repair  shop,  refrigeration  service  department  and 
stockroom.  The  first  floor  front  includes  a  small 
store  with  space  for  the  display  of  motor  equip- 
ment, fans  and  refrigeration  equipment.    The  rear 


includes  the  garage  and  heavy  storage  space. 

In  March  the  Kenyon  Electric  Company,  an- 
other pioneer  East  Bay  electrical  firm,  was  merg- 
ed into  the  Scott-Buttner  Electric  Co.  This  merg- 
er has  given  added  strength  to  the  company 
through  increased  facilities,  experienced  person- 
nel and  a  good  will  built  up  through  years  of 
excellent    service   rendered. 

The  Oakland  plant  is  managed  by  E.  L.  Butt- 
ner,  an  engineering  graduate  of  the  University 
of  California  in  1920  with  fourteen  years  of  prac- 
tical contracting  and  installation  experience.  The 
Scott-Buttner  Electric  Co.  operates  a  second  shop 
in  San  Francisco  at  34  Harriet  Street.  The  San 
Francisco  office  is  managed  by  R.  W.  Griffin, 
another  California  engineering  gradate,  class  of 
1921. 

Among  some  of  the  firm's  outstanding  installa- 
tions are  the  Oakland  Airport.  Grove  Street  Pier, 
new  Key  System  Pier,  and  most  recently,  the 
complete  electrical  installation  in  the  Marshall 
Steel  plant. 


62 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  May.  1934 


NORTHERN  CALIFORNIA  CHAPTER 
"University  Night"  was  observed  when  North- 
ern  California   Chapter,  A.I.A.,  met  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  California  at  Berkeley,   the  evening  of 
April  24. 

The  delightful  and  out-of-ordinary  program 
which  was  arranged  by  Professor  Howard  Moise, 
first  brought  the  members  together  at  the  Uni- 
versity Art  Museum  to  view  the  Albert  Bender 
collection  of  Chinese  art;  thence,  to  the  home  of 
Professor  Moise  on  Panoramic  Way  for  a  social 
hour;  next,  to  the  Faculty  Club  for  dinner  and 
business  session;  and,  later,  to  the  Architecture 
Building,  University  of  California. 

Guests  of  the  evening  were  Michael  Goodman, 
Stafford  Jory  and  A.  Torossian  of  the  School  of 
Architecture  faculty. 

With  Albert  J.  Evers,  president,  in  the  chair, 
the  following  business  was  transacted: 

The  minutes  of  the  previous  meeting  were  ap- 
proved as  read. 

The  report  of  the  exhibit  committee  that  the 
customary  Honor  Award  Exhibit  be  postponed 
until  a  more  opportune  time  was  approved  and  so 
ordered. 

The  membership  committee  reported  active 
progress  in  its  drive  to  obtain  new  members. 

Mr.  Evers  reported  the  forwarding  of  informa- 
tion to  the  Institute  relative  to  possible  construc- 
tion in  Northern  California  which  might  be 
benefitted  by  Federal  appropriation  as  provided 
for  in  the  pending  La  Follette  Bill  S.  3348.  A 
motion  followed  and  was  carried  empowering  the 
board  of  directors  to  endorse,  in  behalf  of  the 
Chapter,  this  or  other  bills  which  provide  benefits 
to  architects  through  promotion  of  public  works. 
The  public  information  committee  reported  that 
a  proposal  has  been  made  by  private  promoters  to 
conduct  a  Home  Exposition  in  which  the  Chapter 
has  been  requested  to  participate.  Mr.  Roeth 
stated  that,  in  his  understanding,  various  material 
firms  would  be  called  upon  for  financial  assistance 
in  this  enterprise.  Stating  that  he  is  opposed  to 
Chapter  participation  in  any  private  enterprise 
which  will  impose  a  financial  load  on  such  firms, 
he  moved  that  the  motion  be  tabled.  Seconded, 
the  motion  was  carried. 

Mr.  Evers  announced  the  recent  appointment  of 
Mr.    Roeth   to   the   State    Board   of   Architectural 


Examiners.  In  response,  Mr.  Roeth  stated  that 
"University  Night "  was  looked  upon  by  him  as 
the  outstanding  Chapter  event  of  the  year,  par- 
ticularly the  present  occasion  toward  which  Pro- 
fessor Moise  had  contributed  so  largely  to  its 
success.  Continuing,  he  spoke  of  the  active  part 
which  the  Construction  League  of  California  is 
taking  in  the  Code  and  other  matters,  which  are  of 
vital  interest  to  the  architects. 

Mr.  Evers  announced  the  probable  continuance 
of  relief  organization  work  and  emphasized  the 
value  of  the  relief  which  had  come  to  many  archi- 
tects and  draftsmen  through  the  agency  of  the 
Historic  American  Building  Survey.  In  view  of 
the  possible  continuance  of  the  Survey  in  some 
form,  it  was  moved  and  uanimousely  carried  that 
the  Chapter  renew  endorsement  of  it  and  approve 
Irving  F.  Morrow  as  district  officer. 

The  following  were  elected  delegates  to  the 
Sixty-sixth  convention  of  the  Institute  to  be  held 
in  Washington,  D.  C,  May  16,  17,  18: 

Chester  H,  Miller,  G.  Frederic  Ashley.  Wm.  C. 
Hays  and  John  J.  Donovan. 

In  keeping  with  the  usual  custom,  the  rest  of  the 
Institute  members  of  the  Chapter  were  elected  as 
alternates. 

As  information  rather  than  instruction  to  dele- 
gates, it  was  voted  the  sense  of  the  meeting  to 
approve  proposed  amendments  to  the  Institute 
By-Laws  which  relate  to  dues  and  initiation  fees. 

There  being  no  further  business,  Warren  C. 
Perry,  director  of  the  School  of  Architecture,  ex- 
pressed the  pleasure  that  is  felt  by  the  teachers 
and  students  in  this  yearly  trip  to  the  campus  and 
welcomed  the  members  to  the  Architecture  Build- 
ing to  vie  wthe  student  work.  — J.H.M. 
*          •          * 

SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA  CHAPTER 
Various  Chapter  activities  were  reported  upon 
at  the  regular  monthly  meeting  of  Southern  Cali- 
fornia Chapter,  American  Institute  of  Architects, 
held  in  the  Richfield  Building,  Los  Angeles. 
April  10. 

Henry  Carlton  Newton,  chairman  of  the  struc- 
tural and  mechanical  engineers'  committee  of  the 
Chapter's  structural  service  relations  division,  pre- 
sented a  preliminary  report  on  engineering  fees. 
Pending  receipt  of  revised  figures  from  the  me- 
chanical engineers,  no  action  was  taken  on  the 
report. 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  May,  1934 


63 


Committee  on  membership  reported  the  receipt 
of  six  applications  for  membership.  The  appHca- 
tions  were  referred  to  the  executive  committee. 

H.  Roy  Kelley,  at  the  request  of  the  editor  of 
Better  f^omes  and  Gardens,  presented  a  cash  prize 
to  Mr.  Brown  who  won  first  place  in  the  class  C 
division  of  a  competition  recently  conducted  by 
the  magazine.  The  award  was  made  for  results 
obtained  in  remodeling  a  residence  at  751  North 
Hampton  Ave. 

Following  the  Chapter  meeting,  at  which  Pres- 
ident Summer  Spaulding  presided,  the  members 
joined  the  State  Association  of  California  Archi- 
tects at  dinner. 

Ralph  C.  Flewelling,  vice-president  of  the 
Chapter,  opened  the  joint  meeting  and  introduced 
Chester  H.  Miller  of  Oakland,  president  of  the 
State  Association.  Mr.  Miller  reported  on  the 
semi-annual  meeting  of  the  northern  and  southern 
sections  executive  boards,  held  in  Los  Angeles, 
April  9,  at  which  time  it  was  decided  to  appoint 
legislative  committees  to  start  the  preparation  of 
a  legislative  program. 

H.  C.  Chambers  announced  that  the  State  As- 
sociation would  hold  a  convention  this  year  in  the 
southern  section  of  the  state.  The  meeting  will 
be  held  early  in  October,  the  exact  dates  to  be 
announced  later. 

Prof.  Graham  A.  Laing  of  the  California  Insti- 
tute of  Technology  was  the  speaker  of  the  eve- 
ning. 


MILLIONS  FOR  HOME  CONSTRUCTION 

Mobilization  of  all  units  of  the  state's  vast 
building  industry  in  support  of  legislation  provid- 
ing millions  of  dollars  in  Federal  funds  for  con- 
struction of  new  homes  is  in  progress,  according 
to  information   from  Sacramento. 

Measures  now  pending  before  congress  would 
provide  $500,000,000  in  government  money  for 
direct  loans  to  individuals  to  finance  the  purchase 
of  land  and  building  of  single  or  two  family 
dwellings,  or  the  remodeling  of  existing  homes. 

Asserting  that  the  plan  would  "probably  be  the 
greatest  single  move  in  the  recovery  program." 
Glen  V.  Slater,  assistant  state  registrar  of  con- 
tractors, pointed  out  that  thousands  of  California 
contractors  and  building  craftsmen,  now  idle, 
would  obtain  employment  under  the  proposal. 

The  proposal  is  similar  in  scope  to  the  Cali- 
fornia veterans  home  purchase  plan,  which  has 
been  successfully  operated  for  12  years  without 
costing  taxpayers  a  single  penny  and  for  which 
bonds  totaling  $50,000,000  have  been  voted.  State 
fiscal  officers  unofficially  estimated  that  California 
might  receive  a  like  amount  in  the  event  the  half- 
billion  dollar  home  building  bill  is  enacted. 


"Adoption  of  a  nation-wide  program  of  this 
character  would,  unquestionably,  have  a  far 
reaching  effect  toward  the  restoration  of  normal 
trade  conditions  throughout  the  nation  and  par- 
ticularly in  California,"  said  Slater, 

"Chief  among  the  benefits  to  be  derived  from 
the  measure  would  be  the  complete  revival  of  the 
state's  second  largest  industry, — the  building  and 
construction  business  which  embraces  many  trade 
professional  groups.  Our  economic  ills  have  been 
due,  to  a  large  extent,  to  the  almost  complete  ces- 
sation of  building  activity  in  recent  years. 

"Tens  of  millions  of  man-hours  of  labor  would 
be  provided  for  unemployed  contractors  and 
craftsmen.  It  would  enable  this  large  group  of 
men  to  again  earn  their  livelihood,  an  inherent 
privilege  which  they  have  been  denied  in  recent 
years  through  no  fault  of  their  own. 

"I  am  heartily  in  favor  of  the  program,  and  be- 
lieve that  every  faction  within  the  real  estate, 
building  and  construction  groups  should  unite  in 
presenting  the  economic  importance  of  this  meas- 
ure squarely  before  their  congressman  and  enlist- 
ing their  support. 

"There  is  considerable  need  for  new  homes  in 
virtually  every  California  community  and  passage 
of  the  measure  would  off-set  this  condition.  Ade- 
quate finances  must  be  provided,  however.  It  is 
an  established  fact  that  65  per  cent  of  the  money 
expended  will  flow  directly  into  the  pockets  of 
the  contractors  and  craftsmen.  " 

Under  the  program  loans  may  be  made  from 
the  $500,000,000  fund  directly  to  individuals  seek- 
ing to  acquire  a  home  of  their  own.  The  money 
would  be  re-payable  over  a  long  period  of  years 
at  a  nominal  interest  rate.  Loans  for  new  home 
projects  would  be  limited  to  $20,000  and  must 
not  exceed  75  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  project. 
Only  single  and  two  family  dwellings  would  be 
eliaible  for  Federal  aid.  In  addition,  loans  up  to 
$3,500  or  60  per  cent  of  market  value  of  the 
property  may  be  made  for  remodeling  of  existing 
homes. 


HISTORICAL  AMERICAN  BUILDING 
SURVEY 

Work  of  the  Northern  California  District,  re- 
cently completed  under  the  direction  of  Irving  F. 
Morrow,  will  be  presented  in  Portfolio  form  com- 
mencing with  the  June  issue  of  The  Architect 
AND  Engineer,  and  continuing  until  the  most  in- 
teresting features  of  the  survey  have  been  illus- 
trated. Photos  and  measured  drawings  will  be 
shown.  The  series  will  start  with  Mission  San 
Juan  with  explanatory  notes  by  Mr.  Morrow. 


64 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  May.  1934 


BUILDING   PERMITS   FOR   APRIL 

Los  Angeles  again  maintained  leadership  among 
the  Pacific  Coast  cities  reporting  largest  volume 
of  building  permits  in  April,  according  to  the 
Western  Monthly  Building  Survey  prepared  by 
H.  R.  Baker  &  Co.  San  Francisco  ranked  second 
and  was  followed  by  Portland,  Beverly  Hills. 
Oakland,  Seattle  and  Sacramento.  The  volume 
of  permits  in  April  declined  considerably  below 
March  and  April  of  last  year.  The  total  for  April 
1934  was  $3,754,975  compared  with  $4,417,170 
in  March  1934  and  $4,312,155  in  April  1933. 

Total  volume  of  building  permits  for  the  sev- 
enty-six Pacific  Coast  cities  reporting  in  April 
amounted  to  $4,248,609  against  $4,814,871  in  the 
same   month   last  year. 

Thirteen  cities  reported  increase  in  building 
permits  in  April  over  March,  and  seventeen  re- 
ported increase  in  April  over  the  corresponding 
month  last  year. 


April  193-1 

March  1934 

April  1933 

Los  Angeles.  Cal.  .     . 

$1,129,630 

$1,340,402 

$1,189,926 

San   Francisco,  Cal.   . 

496,321 

680,403 

538,112 

Portland,   Ore    .     .     . 

236,310 

302,435 

144,475 

Beverly  Hills,  Cal.        . 

179,500 

287,500 

286,310 

Oakland,  Cal     . 

177,63! 

366,823 

127.729 

Seattle,  Wash.  .     . 

173,250 

119,955 

120,155 

Sacramento.    Cal.    . 

153,714 

120,327 

78,037 

Vancouver,    B.C.    . 

143,380 

131,350 

100,870 

Stockton,   Cal.   .     . 

136,825 

33,543 

16,999 

Long  Beach,  Cal.  . 

110,449 

223,470 

1,072,605 

Pasadena,  Cal.  .      . 

101,379 

44,564 

46,941 

Fresno,  Cal.  .     .      . 

94,051 

90,719 

64.362 

Glendale,    Cal.    .      . 

93,915 

57.535 

67,060 

San  Jose,   Cal.   .     . 

72,230 

100,590 

65,675 

Berkeley.  Cal.    . 

61,205 

65,167 

42,797 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah 

48,742 

39.757 

90,620 

Burbank,   Cal.    .     . 

48,587 

21,837 

19,700 

Santa   Barbara,   Cal. 

46,777 

18,256 

20,530 

Vernon.    Cal.      .     . 

41,500 

45,982 

17,925 

Santa  Ana,  Cal.     . 

39,778 

22,933 

65,688 

Santa  Monica,  Cal. 

37,650 

105,860 

75,755 

Bakersfleld,  Cal.     . 

34,360 

32,972 

13,615 

Ontario,   Cal.      .     . 

34,243 

4,370 

490 

Modesto,  Cal.    .     . 

31,848 

32,020 

5.679 

Palo   Alto,   Cal.       . 

31,700 
,  $3,754,975 

128,400 

40,100 

Totals    .... 

$4,417,170 

$4,312,155 

WILL  AWARD  TWO  $100  PRIZES 

The  prize  of  one  hundred  dollars  for  the  best 
design,  offered  by  the  Koh-I-Noor  Pencil  Com- 
pany in  their  box  design  contest,  was  awarded  to 
Edmond  J.  Ryan,  architect,  of  Chateaugay,  N,  Y. 

Although  only  one  prize  was  offered,  so  many 
excellent  solutions  were  entered  that  the  judges 
are  now  choosing  a  second  design,  for  which  $100 
will  be  given.  The  winner  of  this  prize  will  be 
announced  shortly. 

The  Architect  and  Engineer,  May.  1934 


Many  landlords  have  overlooked  one  impor- 
tant factor  in  attracting  and  holding 
tenants  for  commercial  buildings.  They 
have  not  provided  suitable  or  adequate 
lights. 

Workers  tire  more  quickly,  their  work  is 
less  accurate;  and  waste,  spoilage,  low- 
ered production  creep  in,  when  lights 
glare  or  are  too  dim. 

Many  tenants  recognize  these  factors,  and 
even  if  they  do  not,  they  readily  see  ad- 
vantages of  good  lighting  when  they  are 
shown.  It  makes  a  useful  sales  point  for 
lessors. 

Since  the  arrangement  of  space,  the  plac- 
ing of  lights  and  electric  facilities 
come  vmder  your  jurisdiction  both  in  new 
structures  and  remodeled  ones,  we  take 
the  liberty  of  pointing  out  this  oppor- 
tunity you  have  of  rendering  a  service  to 
your  clients.  We  realize  that  you  already 
subscribe  to  the  idea  of  adequate  lighting 
and  urge  it  upon  the  principals  you  are 
serving.  But  we  want  to  aid  you  in  any 
way  possible.  Would  actual  figures  on 
the  value  of  good  light  help  you  to  con- 
vince clients? 

Cordially  yours. 


vuuau 


447  SUTTER  ST.,  SAN  FRANCISCO 
(DEPARTMENT  J-5) 


N.  B.  Are  70U  interested  In  the  re- 
cent sensational  developments  in  light- 
ing? We  have  retained  Mr.  Clark  Baker, 
an  authority  in  this  field,  to  act  as 
travelling  consultant  to  architects. 
If  you  wish  Mr.  Baker  to  call  at  your 
office  for  a  discussion  of  modern 
lighting,  communicate  with  the  Bureau 
offices.  No  obligation. 

P.  C.  E.  B. 


65 


MOXEL  METAL 

[Hiffh  Nickel  Alloy"] 

is  the  accepted  material  for  soda  foun- 
tains and  lunch-room  equipment,  just  as 
it  is  the  universal  metal  for  food  service 
equipment  in  leading  hotels  and  restau- 
rants throughout  the  country. 


CORROSIRON 

[Acid  Resisting  Iron'] 

is  the  accepted  material  for  draining 
waste  lines.  CORROSIRON  meets  all 
State  and  Municipal  specifications  for 
drain  lines  from  school  laboratories  and 
chemistry  rooms. 


Pacific  Foundry  Company  Ltd. 
Pacific  Metals  Company  Ltd. 


470  East  Third  St. 
LOS  ANGELES 


3100  Nineteenth  St. 
SAN  FRANCISCO 


551  Fifth  Ave. 
NEW  YORR 


The    only    Building    Paper    with    a    Factor    of    Safety 


B 


ROWNSKl 

Resilient  Waterproof 
Build  ing     Paper 


N 


Resilient  Brownskin  stretches  and  conforms  to 
building  strains  without  splitting,  tearing  or  drag- 
ging from  the  nails,  thereby  constituting  a  perma- 
nent protective  insulation,  a  "Factor  of  Safety" 
during  the  entire  life  of  the  building. 

Only  Resilient  Brownskin  offers  all  these  ad- 
vantages. Try  Brownskin  once  and  you  will  find 
the  one  thoroughly  satisfactory  paper  for  all  future 
work. 

Ask  Your  Architect 

Buy  from  Your  Dealer 

Manufactured  and  Distributed  by 

ANGIER      CORPORATION 
Framingham,  Mass. 


San  Francisco 

269  Potrero  Avenue 

HEmlock  4100 


Los  Angeles 

539  So.  Clarence  St. 
ANgelus  11486 


Oakland 


Portland 


Seattle 


PRIVATE  ARCHITECTS  WILL  DESIGN 
FEDERAL  BUILDINGS 

Private  architects  will  design  Federal  buildings 
costing  more  than  $60,000  each,  according  to  an 
announcement  by  the  American  Institute  of  Arch- 
itects following  a  conference  of  Institute  repre- 
sentatives with  officials  of  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment. Structures  in  the  smaller  communities  in- 
volving less  than  this  amount  will  be  planned  by 
government  architects. 

Louis  La  Beaume  of  St.  Louis,  chairman  of  the 
Institute's  Committee  on  Public  Works,  declared 
in  a  progress  report  that  the  long  struggle  of  the 
Institute  to  win  recognition  for  outside  architects 
has  resulted  in  the  adoption  of  a  new  general 
policy  favorable  to  the  architectural  profession. 
Appointments  of  architects  for  certain  projects 
under  the  Federal  building  program  are  expected 
soon. 

"The  representatives  of  the  Institute  heartily 
endorsed  the  Government's  policies  with  regard 
to  simplification  of  design  and  economies  of  con- 
struction," the  report  said.  "They  reaffirmed, 
however,  the  obligation  of  the  Government  in  the 
encouragement  of  good  architecture,  however 
simple  or  however  practical  the  proposed  projects 
might  be." 

Treasury  officials  will  submit  an  outline  of  pro- 
posals regarding  fees,  standards  of  architectural 
types,  and  other  matters  for  the  Institute  to  study, 
it  was  decided  at  a  conference  between  Rear  Ad- 
miral C.  J.  Peoples,  director  of  the  new  Federal 
Procurement  Division,  W.  E.  Reynolds,  assistant 
director,  L.  A.  Simon,  supervising  architect,  and 
Frank  C.  Baldwin,  secretary  of  the  American  In- 
stitute of  Architects,  E.  C.  Kemper,  executive 
secretary  of  the  Institute,  and  Mr.  La  Beaume. 

"Admiral  Peoples  states  his  general  agreement 
with  the  principle  which  the  architectural  profes- 
sion has  endorsed  regarding  the  employment  of 
architects  outside  of  the  Public  Works  Bureau," 
Mr.  La  Beaume  reported.  "Mr.  Reynolds  assert- 
ed that  the  Bureau  had  been  very  seriously  con- 
sidering the  policy  of  employing  architects  out- 
side the  Procurement  Division  with  respect  to  cer- 
tain Federal  buildings.  He  added,  however,  and 
Admiral  Peoples  confirmed  his  statement,  that  in 
the  smaller  units  involving  contracts  below  $60,- 
000  the  Bureau  was  inclined  to  prepare  the  de- 
signs, plans,  and  specifications. 

"The  representatives  of  the  Government  did 
not  take  issue  with  the  arguments  of  the  profes- 
sion with  regard  to  the  direct  advantages  to  be 
expected  from  the  employment  of  competent  arch- 
itects outside  of  the  Bureau  of  Public  Works. 

"The  greater  part  of  the  discussion  related  it- 
self to  terms  of  employment,  character  of  service 
and  responsibility,  and  the  basis  of  proper  remu- 


66 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  May,  1934 


neration.  As  spokesman  for  the  Bureau,  Mr. 
Reynolds  stated  his  belief  that  the  system  of  com- 
puting the  architect's  fee  should  be  improved.  He 
expressed  the  thought  that  the  fee  should  not  be 
computed  on  a  percentage  basis,  either  in  justice 
to  the  Government  or  to  the  architect,  and  advo- 
cated a  fixed  fee  to  be  agreed  upon,  which  fee 
should  be  properly  related  to  the  size  and  com- 
plexity of  the  project.  He  indicated  that  this  sub- 
ject was  engaging  the  attention  of  the  Bureau,  and 
that  he  had  not  yet  come  to  any  definite  conclu- 
sions. 

"Mr,  Reynolds  elaborated  his  ideas  with  regard 
to  the  architect's  remuneration  by  stating  that  the 
Department  had  received  many  complaints  from 
structural  and  mechanical  engineers,  charging 
that  some  architects  were  refusing  them  fair  com- 
pensation for  adequate  engineering  service.  These 
complaining  engineers  stated  that  they  could  not 
possibly  render  adequate  service  for  the  fees  al- 
lowed them  by  the  architects. 

"Mr.  Reynolds  pointed  out  that  the  Govern- 
ment would  insist  on  competent  and  adequate 
engineering  service  in  connection  with  all  of  its 
projects. 

"The  representatives  of  the  Institute  suggested 
that  the  matter  lay  within  the  power  of  the  Gov- 
ernment to  remedy,  inasmuch  as  the  Government 
might  insert  in  its  contract  with  the  designing 
architect  the  rate  of  compensation  to  be  paid  to 
engineers  associated  with  him. 

"It  is  gratifying  to  state  that  at  the  conference 
Admiral  Peoples  expressed  his  agreement  with  the 
principle  which  the  Institue  has  long  endorsed  re- 
garding the  employment  of  private  architects  out- 
side of  the  Bureau,  and  resident  in  the  general 
localities  of  the  post  office  buildings  to  be  erected. 
Mr.  Reynolds  and  Mr.  Simon  concurred  with  this 
general  statement  of  policy. 

"Mr.  Reynolds  stated  that  as  a  result  of  the 
questionnaire  sent  out  by  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment last  summer,  he  was  in  possession  of  full 
and  satisfactory  data  regarding  the  qualifications 
of  architects  in  every  part  of  the  United  States. 
He  stated  that  certain  projects  would  be  released 
and  that  certain  appointments  were  expected  to 
be  announced  at  an  early  date." 


A  SAFE 
INVESTMENT 


PRIVATE  MAUSOLEUM 
B.  J.  S.  Cahill  of  Oakland  and  Alameda  has 
completed  plans  for  a  marble  and  concrete  private 
mausoleum  in  Cypress  Lawn  Cemetery,  San 
Mateo  County,  to  cost  $45,000.  The  entire  ex- 
terior will  be  of  white  marble.  Mr.  Cahill  has 
also  prepared  plans  for  alteration  work  at  the 
Cypress  Lawn  catacombs  and  mausoleum,  at  an 
estimated  cost  of  $20,000. 


^. 


c\. 


1- 


Model  No.  8  F 

The  raised  water  orifice  on  the  HAWS  No.  8  F 
Drinking  Fountain  is  above  the  rim  of  the 
receptor.  It  prevents  contamination  of  the  water 
supply,  even  if  the  outlet  should  clog  and  the 
water  overflow  the  bowl. 

Write  for  our  new  Calalog  "P" 


Manufactured  by 

Haws  Sanitary  Drinking  Faucet  Co. 

1808  HARMON  STREET,  BERKELEY 


BUILD 
WELL  — 

A  PROPERLY  designed  and  well  built 

building  is  a  credit  to  any  city  and 

a  worth  while  investment  for  its  owner. 

Such  structures  are  the  Stand- 
ard Oil  Building,  Matson 
Building,  Four-Fifty  Sut- 
ter Street,  Stock  Exchange, 
S.  F.  Base  Ball  Park,  Mills 
Tower,  Opera  House  and 
Veterans'  Memorial  and 
other  notable  structures  —  all 
built  or  supervised  by  — 

Lindqren  &  Sxuinerlon,  Inc. 

Standard  Oil  Building 
San  Francisco 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  May,  1934 


67 


ANOTHER  NEW  CATALOG 

Another  new  Johnson  catalog,  just  off  the 
press,  features  the  Johnson  Types  30-A  and 
30-H  Oil  Burners.  This  line  of  burners  was  de- 
esigned  to  operate  on  the  cheaper  grades  of  fuel 
oil,    namely.    Pacific    Coast    Diesel    and    heavier. 

These  burners  are  available  in  five  sizes  with 
a  steam  radiating  capacity  of  from  1385  to 
27,800  sq.  ft.  The  small  sizes  are  adaptable  to 
large  homes  and  apartments,  the  larger  sizes  for 
public  buildings  and  industrial  plants. 

Where  large  capacity  and  lowest  cost  fuels 
are  a  prerequisite,  specify  a  Johnson  30-A  or 
30-H.  Write  for  a  copy  of  our  catalog  No.  31-B 
which    illustrates    and    describes    these    burners. 

S.  T.  JOH1VSON  COMPANY 

940     ARLINGTON    AVENUE 
OAKLAND,         CALIFORNIA 


CROWN  CEMENT 
PRODUCTS,   LTD. 

1717  ■  17th  St.  HEmlock  5171 

San  Francisco 

•  •   • 

Manufacturers 
of 

Certified  Vibrated  and 
Centrifically  moulded 
Concrete   Products 

•  •  • 

Wall,  Roof  and  Floor  Tile,  Insulating 
Partition  Tile,  Roof  and  Floor  Slabs. 
"Spuncrete"    Pipe    for    all    pressures. 


PACIFIC  PORTLAND  BUYS 
STANDARD  GYPSUM  PLANTS 

Pacific  Portland  Cement  Company  has  taken 
over  the  plants  and  operation  of  the  Standard 
Gypsum  Company,  manufacturers  of  gypsum 
plaster,  Seattle,  Long  Beach  and  Ludwig,  Nevada. 
Operations  will  be  combined  under  the  Plaster 
Division  of  Pacific  Portland  Cement  Company 
with  Martin  Uldall,  former  president  of  Standard 
Gypsum  in   charge. 

"This  forward  step  is  taken,"  said  J.  A.  Mc- 
Carthy, vice-president  and  general  manager  of 
the  Pacific  Portland  Cement  Company,  "in  the 
firm  belief  that  business  is  definitely  on  the  up- 
swing. 

"Cement  shipments  for  the  United  States  for  the 
first  quarter  showed  an  increase  of  36,9  per  cent 
over  last  year.  In  California  the  increase  was 
80  per  cent,  mostly  due  of  course,  to  concentrated 
shipments  on  large  projects  such  as  Boulder  Dam, 
Panama  Canal  and  the  bridges.  Nothing,  in  our 
opinion,  can  stimulate  the  increase  in  employment 
and  purchasing  power  like  the  resumption  of 
building  and  remodeling,  and  we  look  for  increas- 
ing activity  in  both  the  cities  and  the  rural  dis- 
tricts." 

Pacific  Portland  Cement  is  a  pioneer  in  both 
the  Portland  cement  and  the  gypsum  industries 
on  the  Pacific  Coast.  Standard  Gypsum  Com- 
pany, established  in  1919,  had  also  become  an 
important  factor  in  its  field,  with  coastwide  dis- 
tribution. Combined  assets  of  the  two  companies 
exceed  $20,000,000. 

Pacific  Portland  Cement  Company  will  now 
own  and  control  eight  cement  and  plaster  mills, 
located  at  strategic  points  on  water  and  rail,  in- 
cluding Seattle,  San  Francisco  and  Long  Beach, 
These  mills  are  located  in  populous  centers  where 
track  shipments  are  an  important  factor  in  dis- 
tribution. The  Redwood  City  plant  on  San  Fran- 
cisco Bay,  has  within  a  radius  of  30  miles,  65  per 
cent  of  the  population  of  Northern  California, 
Other  plants  are  located  at  San  Juan,  in  the  heart 
of  the  Santa  Clara  and  Salinas  Valleys;  Plaster 
City,  in  the  Imperial  Valley,  and  Ludwig  and 
Carlach  in  Nevada,  In  addition,  distribution  facili- 
ties are  maintained  at  Portland,  San  Diego,  Sacra- 
mento, Stockton  and  the  Hawaiian  Islands, 

With  its  facilities  thus  augmented,  Pacific  Port- 
land Cament  Company  is  in  a  commanding  posi- 
tion for  the  manufacture  and  distribution  of  basic 
building  materials  in  eleven  western  States  as 
well  as  for  the  export  trade. 


68 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  May.  1934 


CONTRACTOR    MUST    CONTROL    HIS 
OWN   WORK.   COURT   RULES 


N  independent  contractor  is  one  who,  exer- 
cising an  independent  employment,  contracts 
to  do  a  piece  of  work  according  to  his  own 
methods  and  without  being  subject  to  control  of 
his  employer  except  as  to  the  result  of  the  work. 

These  statements  were  contained  in  the  opinion 
of  the  Second  District  Court  of  Appeal,  Division 
2.  California,  denying  a  rehearing  of  the  case  of 
Chapman  vs.  Edwards  Bros.,  et  al..  in  which 
judgment  had  been  awarded  against  the  defend- 
ants in  the  Superior  Court  of  Los  Angeles  county 
for  $15,000  damages  on  account  of  the  death  of 
Charles  Jesse  Chapman,  a  laborer  who  was  killed 
by  a  truck  owned  and  operated  by  John  Klein, 
employed  by  Edwards  Bros,  to  haul  dirt  from  the 
excavation  for  the  Richfield  Oil  Company  build- 
ing. Being  made  a  party  to  the  suit  Edwards 
Bros,  set  up  the  defense  that  Klein  was  an  in- 
dependent contractor  and  therefore  they  were  not 
responsible.  Text  of  the  Appellate  Court's  opin- 
ion, which  is  of  interest  to  all  contractors  and 
employers,  follows: 

PARKER,   Justice  pro   tern. 

This  was  an  action  to  recover  damages  as  a  result  ot 
tlie  death  of  one  Charles  Jesse  Chapman.  The  action  was 
against  L.  E.  Edwards  and  C.  A.  Edwards  as  copartners 
doing  business  under  the  iirm  name  and  style  of  Edwards 
Bros,  and  against  one  John  Klein  as  an  individual.  The 
cause  of  action  was  based  upon  the  theory  that  the  death 
of  Chapman  was  caused  by  the  negligence  of  the  de- 
fendants. This  brief  statement  will  suffice  as  a  general 
statement,  inasmuch  as  the  sole  point  to  be  considered 
does    not    require    further    detail. 

After  trial  by  jury,  a  verdict  was  returned  in  favor  of 
plaintiff  and  against  all  defendants  in  the  sum  of  $15,000. 
A  new  trial  having  been  denied,  judgment  followed  pur- 
suant to  the  verdict.  Defendants  Edwards,  who  will  here- 
inafter be  referred  to  as  Edwards  Bros.,  or  Brothers,  ap- 
peal. No  question  is  presented  on  the  question  of  the 
negligence  of  defendant  Klein,  nor  is  there  any  point  made 
as  'to  the  amount  of  damages  awarded.  It  is  not  contended 
that  the  court  erred  in  any  respect,  whether  in  rulings  on 
the  admission  of  evidence  or  in  instructing  the  jury.  It  is 
apparently  conceded  that  defendant  Klein  was  guilty  of 
negligence  proximately  causing  the  death  of  Chapman. 
The  sole  point  urged  is  that  Edwards  Brothers  are  in  no 
wise  responsible  for  the  negligence  of  Klein  for  the  urged 
reason  that  at  all  of  the  times  surrounding  the  happening 
of  the  unfortunate  event  Klein  was  an  independent  con- 
tractor. We  may  here  narrate  the  facts  as  to  the  relation- 
ship of  Klein  and  Edwards  Brothers.  The  last  named  were 
contractors  engaged  under  contract  to  do  the  excavating 
preparatory  to  the  construction  of  a  large  building  in  the 
city  of  Los  Angeles.  The  excavating  contract  involved  the 
performance  of  much  work  and  labor,  calling  for  the  use  of 
much  equipment  and  many  men  and  trucks.  Klein,  as  far 
as  the  record  indicates,  was  an  individual  owning  a  truck. 
We  phrase  thusly  to  negative  the  idea  that  Klein  was  en- 
gaged in  the  trucking  business,  with  men  and  equipment. 
As  far  as  indicated.  Klein  owned  a  truck  and  obtained 
employment  for  himself  and  this  one  truck  whenever  and 
wherever  work  was  available.  After  Edwards  Bros,  en- 
tered upon  the  excavation,  it  became  desirable  to  move 
the  dirt  faster.  Thereupon  the  office  girl  of  Edwards  Bros. 


,_^  ,-.„.-,  Rustless  Metal  Store  Fronts, 

©©I*  Windows,  Doors,  Mouldings 

and     Architectural     Castings 


Good  buildings  do  not  just  happen. 
They  come  as  a  result  of  workinB  with 
good  materials  and  with  a  knowledge 
of  how  to  apply  them.  Consult  an 
Architect. 

THE 

«^^   COMPANY    * 
OF    CALIFORNIA 
Berkeley,  California 


Recent  contracts  completed  — 

U.  S.  Marine  Hospital,  San  Francisco 

Ford  Assembly  Plants  at 

Seattle,  Long  Beach  and  Richmond 

Now  under  construction  —  Verba  Buena  Tunnel, 
San  Francisco-Oakland  Bay  Bridge 


Clinton  Construction  Company 

of  California 

923  FOLSOM  STREET  SAN  FRANCISCO 

Telephone  SUtter  3440 


•Wood  Carving 

•Architectural 

Modeling 

•  S. 

BERGER 

3  9 

Q     9th     Street 

SAN 

FR.ANCISCO,     CALIF. 

Pho 

ne     HE  m  lock     4462 

THE  HOTEL  RED  BOOK 

1934  Edition    ^    Out  June  5 

Eifsht    thousand    changes    in    names    of 

managers,  owners,  rates,  etc.,  etc. 

To  be  up-to-date 

To   avoid  waste   and  confusion 


You 


thi! 


editii 


Lists  all  hotels  in  the  United  States  and  Canada 

Price — $5  per  copy 

Published  by  the 

AMERICAN  HOTEL  ASSOCIATION 

221  WEST  57TH  STREET  NEW  YORK  CITY 

Thomas  D.  Green,  President 

Order  your  Red  Book  now  and  receive  copy 

straight   from  the  Press. 

Emerson  D.  Owen.  Manager 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  May,  1934 


The  new  Decatur 
De  Luxe  Lavatory, 
illustrated  here,  is 
representative  of 
the  MUELLER 
line  of  quality  vit' 
reous  china. 

MUELLER  CO. 

Decatur,    111. 

San  Francisco  Branch: 
1072-76  Howard  St. 


The  Modern  Way — 

BUILD    WITH     STEEL 

Protect  your  Investment  from 

Fire  and  Quake 

Structural  Steel  for  Buildings 

and  Bridges 


JUDSON-PACIFIC  CO. 

609  MISSION  STREET,  SAN  FRANOSCO 
DOuglas  4460 

Plants,  San  Francisco  and  Oakland 


t\%*yi^y^  * 


APEX   

^i^ELECTRIC5-'" 
HEATERS 

Send    for   Architect's   Catalogue 
Bathroom   Heaters  in  the   Standard 
Colors,   1000  to  2500  Watts 
^13.75  to  ^35.00 

APEX  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

1501  Powell  Street 

Emeryville.  Oakland,  Calif. 

Distritiutors 

Sandoval  Sales  Co. 

Phone  KEarny  7910 

557  Market  Street.  San  Francisco,  Calif 

Apex  Sales  Co. 

ir55  Industrial  Street.  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

Phone  Mutual  9141 


Product  of 

CALIFORNIA  SHADE  CLOTH  CO. 

1710  San  Bruno  Avenue,  San  Francisco 

Manufacturers  of 

QUALITY  HAND  MADE  SHADE  CLOTH 
IN  ALL  GRADES 


JVholesate  Distributors 

SLOANE-BLABON  LINOLEUM 


telephoned  to  Klein  and  inquired  if  he  was  then  working. 
When  informed  that  he  was  not  working,  she  told  him 
he  could  go  to  work  on  the  job  of  Edwards  Bros.  That 
was  all  of  the  conversation,  and  forms  the  basis  of  the 
arrangement  between  Edwards  Bros,  and  Klein.  The  girl 
had  authority  to  thus  phone  Klein,  but  had  no  authority 
further  than  to  tell  him  to  report  for  work.  The  excavation 
was  being  done  by  means  of  a  shovel,  steam  or  gas,  which 
lifted  the  dirt  and  dropped  the  same  into  trucks,  which 
trucks  thereafter  removed  the  dirt  from  the  premises.  Ac- 
cordingly, Klein  reported  with  his  truck.  He  had  worked 
for  or  been  engaged  by  Edwards  Bros,  before,  and,  being 
familiar  with  the  work,  required  no  general  instructions. 
He  just  pulled  his  truck  under  the  shovel,  obtained  his 
load,  and  drove  away.  The  foreman  told  him  his  com- 
pensation would  be  $1.75  per  load.  Within  a  few  days 
thereafter  Edwards  Bros,  voluntarily  and  arbitrarily  raised 
the  price  per  load  to  $2.  The  reason  given  for  the  raising 
of  the  price  per  load  appears  as  follows:  "If  I  remember 
rightly  we  could  see  that  they  were  not  going  to  make 
their  wages;  and  so,  rather  than  have  them  dissatisfied,  1 
think,  we  raised  it  to  $2.00."  As  stated,  there  were  a 
number  of  trucks  used  on  the  job.  All  but  one  or  two, 
out  of  a  possible  dozen,  were  operated  by  Edwards  Bros. 
Klein  reported  for  work  at  the  same  time  as  the  other 
trucks  each  day  and  all  trucking  ceased  when  the  shovel 
stopped;  the  obvious  reason  for  this  being  that,  when  the 
shovel  was  idle,  there  was  no  dirt  to  haul.  The  shovel  and 
its  operation  was  under  the  control  of  Edwards  Bros., 
whose  foreman  directed  its  movements  as  far  as  place- 
ment was  concerned.  The  one  person  on  the  job  who 
directed  the  work  of  the  trucks  was  a  foreman  called 
Adolph.  It  was  stipulated  that  Adolph  was  in  charge;  that 
he  directed  where  he  wanted  the  steam  shovel  to  work 
and  moved  it  from  place  to  place  and  directed  the  trucks 
to  come  under  it  when  they  were  ready  to  load — in  other 
words,  the  trucks  were  acting,  in  the  loading,  under  his 
direction.  Adolph  had  control  over  all  of  the  trucks,  hired, 
rented,  or  owned,  to  the  extent  of  telling  them  when  he 
wanted  to  have  them  loaded.  He  would  tell  them  to  get 
in  their  place;  but  most  of  the  time  they  just  ran  auto- 
matically. As  the  testimony  went,  "they  had  sense  enough 
to  see  for  themselves  what  to  do."  Adolph,  the  foreman, 
would  always  tell  Klein  when  it  was  his  last  load  at 
night.  Klein  was  paid  each  month  for  his  work,  com- 
puted according  to  the  loads  hauled.  According  to  the 
testimony  of  Edwards,  he  was  hired  for  the  job,  if  he 
wanted  it;  it  was  up  to  himself  whether  he  wanted  to  stay 
or   not — ^that    is,    his    truck    was   hired. 

There  is  no  further  need  of  detailing  the  situation.  In 
the  discussion  of  appellants'  claim  there  may  be  from  time 
to  time  statements  of  fact  which  will,  in  each  instance, 
be  deemed   to  reflect   the  record,   unless  otherwise  noted. 

[1-3]  An  independent  contractor  is  one  who,  exercising 
an  independent  employment,  contracts  to  do  a  piece  of 
work  according  to  his  own  methods  and  without  being 
subject  to  the  control  of  his  employer  except  as  to  the  re- 
sult of  the  work.  H  R.  C.  L.,  p.  67.  Like  many  other  defini- 
tions, this  statement  serves  as  a  generality.  However,  as  a 
working  definition,  this  has  been  generally  accepted,  with 
occasional  additions.  The  books  abound  in  applications  of 
the  term,  and  it  will  be  found  that,  as  in  many  other  in- 
stances, the  question  whether  or  not  one  is  an  independent 
contractor  is  to  be  determined  largely  from  the  facts  of 
the  particular  case  under  observation.  Throughout  the  body 
of  the  law  we  find  a  careful  selection  of  words  in  de- 
scribing a  situation.  Rarely,  if  ever,  do  we  find  words  used 
which  do  not  upon  first  contact  reveal  the  general  idea 
.sought  to  be  conveyed.  And  so  here.  The  term  "inde- 
pendent" is  descriptive  of  a  contractor.  A  contractor, 
obviously,  is  one  party  to  a  contract  or  one  who  has  con- 
tracted to  do  or  perform  certain  work.  And  it  becomes 
perhaps  a  commonplace  to  assume  that  every  contract 
contains  within  itelf  everything  that  is  to  be  done  or 
performed  by  each  party  thereto  and  the  consideration 
underlying  or  supporting  the  obligation.  And  so,  at  the 
outset,  where  it  is  claimed  that  a  party  was  an  independ- 
ent contractor,  we  may  first  inquire  the  nature  of  the 
contract  or  whether  there  was  any  contract.  Turning  then 
to  the  instant  case,  we  inquire  as  to  Klein's  contract.  He 
had  no  written  contract  and  there  is  in  the  record  nothing 
to  indicate  the  terms,  if  any,  upon  which  he  undertook  the 
work.    The    job    was    one    entire    job,    not    subdivided    into 


70 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  May,  1934 


definite  or  any  portions;  it  consisted  of  one  entire  excava- 
tion of  defined  area.  Every  one  employed  in  tfie  said 
excavation  worked  togetfier  to  a  common  end.  Ttiere  were 
no  means  of  distinguishing  tfie  work  of  a  hired  truck  or 
an  owned  truck.  There  was  no  definite  scale  of  compen- 
sation And  all  of  the  work  was  to  be  done  upon  the 
premises  of  the  employer,  or  the  premises  occupied  by 
the  employer  in  the  discharge  of  the  main  contract  of 
excavation.  There  was  no  work  that  Klein  could  do  in- 
dependent of  the  employer,  inasmuch  as,  the  latter  being 
in  exclusive  control  and  management  of  the  shovel,  there 
would  be  no  dirt  to  remove  until  the  shovel  furnished  the 
load  There  was  no  discretion  vested  in  Klein  other  than 
to  get  under  the  shovel  in  his  turn  with  the  other  trucks 
of  the  employer  and  get  his  load.  There  was  no  obligation 
upon  him  to  take  any  dirt,  nor  was  there  any  liability 
imposed  upon  or  assumed  by  him  if  he  chose  not  to  haul. 
Likewise  there  was  no  obligation  upon  Edwards  Bros,  to 
furnish  sufficient  dirt  to  load  the  truck,  nor  was  there  any 
obligation  on  Edwards  Bros,  to  continue  the  employment 
for  any  period.  It  seems  generally  conceded  that  a  test  in 
determining  whether  a  person  employed  to  do  certain  work 
is  an  independent  contractor  or  a  mere  servant  is  the  con- 
trol over  the  work  which  is  reserved  by  the  employer. 
The  power  of  the  employer  to  terminate  the  employment 
at  any  time  is  a  strong  circumstance  tending  to  show  the 
subserviency  of  the  employee,  since  it  is  incompatible  with 
the  full  control  of  the  work  usually  enjoyed  by  an  inde- 
pendent contractor.  Perhaps  no  single  circumstance  is  more 
conclusive  to  show  the  relationship  of  an  employee  than 
the  right  of  the  employer  to  end  the  service  whenever  he 
sees  fit  to  do  so.  Press  Publishing  Co.  v.  Industrial  Acci- 
dent  Commission,    190  Cal.    IH,   210   P.   820. 

[4-6]    The   real   test   by   which   to   determine   whether   a 
person  is  acting  as  the  servant  of  another  is  to   ascertain 
whether,   at  the  time  when  the  injury  was  inflicted,   he  was 
subject   to   such  person's  orders  and  control   and  was  liable 
to   be   discharged    for   disobedience   or   misconduct.    Western 
Metal   Supply   Co.   v.    Pillsbury,    172   Cal.   407-417,    156   P. 
491,   Ann.   Cas.    1917E,    390.   Other   factors  which   may   be 
considered   are    the   hours  of   labor,    terms   of   compensation, 
place    where    work    is    done,    and    manner    and    nature    of 
work   to   be   performed.    These    factors   are   discussed   in   an 
exhaustive  note  in  75  A.  L.  R.  725,  to  which  reference  is 
made.   In   the   case  before  us  the   hours  of  labor   for   Klein 
were  exactly  those  of  the  admitted  employees  and  servants. 
He    could    work   at    no    other    time.    His    compensation    was 
arbitrarily  fixed  by  the  employer  for  the  purpose,  as  stated 
by   the   employer,   of   assuring    him   a    fair   wage.   All   of   the 
work    was    done    upon    the    premises    under    the    control    of 
his  employer.   Whatever  argument   may  be  made,  we  must 
eventually     come    back    to    one    undenied    and    undeniable 
fact    that    the    entire    work   in    hand    was   the    excavation   of 
the    lot    upon   which    a    building    was    to    be    erected.    Some 
person    must    have    been    in    control    of   'this    work    as    an 
entirety.   It  would  seem  absurd  to   hold   that  Edwards  Bros, 
were    in    control   of    the   work    in    as    far   as   affected   all    of 
the  trucks  and  men  except  Klein  and  his  truck.  The  method 
and    manner    of    removing    the    dirt    was    one    entire    plan. 
Klein   had    no   right   to   remove    the    dirt    from    the    truck   in 
his  own  way.   He  had  to  await  his  turn.  As  an  example,  at 
or    about    the    exact    time    of    the    accident    it    was    Klein's 
desire    to    load    up    before    lunch    and    get    out.    His    orders 
from    the    foreman    were    to    wait    and    get    his    load    after 
lunch    for    the    reason    that    the    shovel    was    to    be    moved. 
We    fail    to    find    one    independent    act    that    Klein    could 
perform    upon    the    premises.    The    record   does    not    disclose 
where,   at  any   time  while  on   the   premises,   Klein  was  be- 
yond the  immediate  control  of  Edwards  Bros.   Where  some 
fifteen    trucks    and    drivers    are    engaged    in    the    same    labor 
to    a    common    purpose    and    working    together   at    all    times 
it    would   tend    to    disorganization   rather    than   toward    sys- 
tem    to    deem     that     one    was    an     independent     contractor 
merely    because    he    owned     the    truck    he    drove.     If    this 
particular    one    were    independent,    there    surely    must    be 
some   way   through   which   he   could   manifest    his   independ- 
ence.  After   all,   a   truck   remains   but   an   appliance,    regard- 
less  of    its    size,    a    super    wheelbarrow    as    it    were.    If    a 
person   should   furnish   his   own   wheelbarrow   and   go   down 
into  a  pit  to  work,  with  a  compensation  based  upon  what 
the    boss    thought    would    allow    him    fair    wages,    it    would 
seem   a    far    stretch   of    principle    to    accord    to    his   employ- 
ment   the    dignity    of    an    independent    contractor.    Hillen    v. 
Industrial  Accident  Commission,    199  Cal.  577,   250  P.  570, 


Pump  Governors 
Safety   Pump  Governors 
Automatic  GaB  Rcguluat- 
ing  Valves 


nff  Equipment 
umpGt 
Regulati 


Thermostats 
Reducing  Valves 
Boiler  Feed-Water 
Regulators 


Oil  Heaters 
Relief  Valves 
Oil-Burner  Governc 
Lit.le  Giant  Improi 

Oil  Burners 
Oil  Pumping  Sets 
Oil  Valves 
Oil  Strainers 
Steam  Oil  Strainer! 
Duplex  Oil  Pumps 
Rotary  Oil  Pumps 
Boiler  Feed  Pumps 
Water  Heaters 
Oil  Meters 


VAUGHN -G.  E.  WITT  CO.,  Engineers 

C.    W.    VAUGHN.    President    and    Manager 

MANUFACTURERS  AND  DISTRIBUTORS 

4224-28  HoUis  St.  Phone  OL  ympic  6084 

Emeryville,  Oakland,  Calif. 


affords  an  illustration  of  the  principle.  The  case  involved  a 
shingler  whose  employment  was  to  lay  shingles  under  a 
mutual  understanding  that  when  he  came  on  the  job  it 
would  be  $1.25  per  thousand,  and  there  was  nothing 
further  said  about  the  agreement  to  shingle  and  when 
each  job  was  done  the  bill  would  be  made  per  thousand 
and  after  the  bill  was  approved  it  would  be  paid.  Every- 
thing was  used  in  the  actual  shingling,  namely  hatchet, 
snips,  and  apron.  Further,  when  necessity  required,  the 
shingler  hired  other  men  to  assist  him,  none  of  whom  were 
carried  upon  the  employer's  pay  roll.  There  was  no  speci- 
fied period  of  labor  per  day.  The  shingler  was  held  to  be 
an  employee  rather  than  an  independent  contractor.  We 
note  again  this  significant  language:  "Coincident  with  the 
right  of  control  is  the  right  of  either  employer  or  em- 
ployee to  terminate  the  relation  without  liability.  This  is 
but  another  way  of  stating  the  rule,  for  the  right  to 
immediately  discharge  involves  the  right  of  control."  See, 
also,  Eng-Skeel  Co.  v.  Industrial  Accident  Commission,  44 
Cal.'  App.  210,  186  P.  163.  Without  further  discussion,  we 
may  conclude  by  stating  that  it  must  be  conceded  that 
appellants'  strongest  showing  is  met  with  a  showing  by 
respondent  which  leaves  the  question  debatable.  In  other 
words,  conceding  that  there  may  be  certain  features  of 
the  employment  from  which  an  inference  supporting  the 
relationship  of  an  independent  contractor  may  be  drawn, 
yet  it  is  equally  true  that  there  are  present  many  facts 
and  circumstances  from  which  it  might  be  reasonably  in- 
ferred that  the  relationship  was  that  of  master  and  servant. 
It  is  only  where  the  evidence  is  reasonably  susceptible  of 
but  a  single  inference  that  the  question  of  whether  one  is 
an  employee  or  an  independent  contractor  becomes  one  of 
law  for  the  court.  Nelson  v.  Stukey,  89  Mont.  277,  300 
P.  287,  78  A.  L.  R.  p.  491,  with  cases  therein  cited. 
■Whether  or  not  the  relation  of  employer  and  employee 
exists  under  the  contract  in  this  case  is  a  mixed  question 
of  law  and  fact  to  be  determined  in  the  court  below  like 
any  other  question,  and  the  finding  in  the  court  below  is 
binding  upon  this  court,  provided  there  be  any  competent 
evidence  to  support  the  finding.  Hillen  v.  Industrial  Acci- 
dent Commission,  199  Cal.  580,  250  P.  570;  Johnson  v 
Deoartment  of  Industrial  Relations,  101  Cal.  App.  1,  281 
P  440;  May  v.  Farrell,  94  Cal.  App.  703,  271  P.  789; 
"Western  Pac.  R.  Co.  v.  Industrial  Accident  Commission, 
193  Cal.  413,  224  P.  754;  Case  of  Murray,  130  Me.  181, 
154  A.  352,  75  A.  L.  R.  720  (with  annotation),  and  Low- 
miller  V  Monroe,  Lyon  6  Miller,  Inc.,  101  Cal.  App.  147, 
at  page   150,  281   P.  433,  282  P.  537. 

The  jury  was  fully  and  correctly  instructed  as  to  the 
law  and  its  application  to  the  facts  of  the  case,  with 
particular  reference  to  the  question  of  independent  con- 
tractors and  employees.  Not  a  suggestion  of  criticism  is 
presented  as  to  these  instructions.  We  think  it  was  cor- 
rectly determined  that  the  relationship  of  employer  and 
employee  existed  between  Klein  and  Edwards  Bros,  at  the 
time   of   the   accident. 

The  judgment  is  affirmed. 

We   concur:    WORKS,    P.   J.;   STEPHENS,  J. 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  May,  1934 


FORDERER 
CORNICE  WORKS 


Copper  Roofs 

Galvanized  Iron  Work 

Elevator  Doors 

269  Potrero  Avenue,  San  Francisco 
Phone  HEmlock   4100 


FERRY 

METAL 

SHELVING 

The    ideal    galvanised 

shelving  for  commer- 

cial refrigerator  in- 

stallations. 

Manufactured  by 

FERRY     SHEET 

METAL     WORKS 

INC. 

980  Folsom  St.              San  Francisco 

Telephone  KEarny  1573 

Melrose  Lumber 
&  Supply  Co. 


LUMBER  AND 
MILL   WORK 


46th  Ave.  and  E.  12th  St. 
Oakland 

Phones:  FRuitvale  0240  —  0251 


JOSEPH  MUSTO 

SONS-KEEN  AN 

COMPANY 

MARBLE 

and 

ONYX 


NORTH   POINT   STREF' 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

1801  S.  SOTO  STREET 

LOS   ANGEI-ES 


STEEL  INDUSTRY  WAGES 
The  steel  industry's  operation 
since  the  adoption  of  its  Code  un- 
der the  National  Recovery  Act  is 
reviewed  by  the  American  Iron  6 
Steel  Institute  in  a  compendium 
of  facts  and  figures  just  published 
under  the  title,  "Steel  Facts  and 
the  Steel  Code." 

The  Institute  disclosed  that  the 
current  wage  level  in  the  industry 
was  six  to  seven  per  cent  higher 
than  the  peak  period  of  1929,  al- 
though prices  are  still  far  below 
post-war  high. 

The  general  wage  increase  in 
the  steel  industry  which  became 
effective  on  April  1.  adds  ap- 
proximately $3,000,000  monthly, 
or  $36,000,000  annually  to  the  in- 
dustry's pay  roll.  Hourly  wage 
rates  are  now  approximately  36 
per  cent  higher  than  in  June, 
1933, 

The  number  of  workers  in  the 
industry  is  rapidly  approaching 
the  1929  total  of  420,000.  Al- 
though the  number  had  been  re- 
duced to  210,000  in  1932,  it  was 
back  up  to  365,000  in  February, 
1934,  and  men  were  being  re-em- 
ployed at  the  rate  of  10,000  or 
more  per  month. 

Despite- general  price  increases 
of  $2  or  more  per  ton  on  steel 
products,  announced  early  last 
month,  the  level  of  finished  steel 
prices  with  such  increases  in  ef- 
fect is  still  five  per  cent  below  the 
1929  level,  and  21  per  cent  below 
the  post-war  peak  for  prices  in 
1923. 

It  is  not  generally  realized,  says 
the  Institute,  that  the  recent  slight 
upturn  in  steel  prices  was  pre- 
ceded by  a  decade  of  steadily  de- 
clining prices.  Steel  prices  began 
to  fall  in  1923,  and  continued  to 
drop  steadily  until  1933,  when  the 
price  curve  straightened  out  and 
ultimately  turned  upward.  Even 
then,  the  increase  in  steel  prices 
lagged  far  behind  the  general 
wholesale  commodity  price  index, 
which  increased  21.9  per  cent 
from  February.  1933.  to  Febru- 
ary. 1934.  while  finished  steel 
prices  rose  but  5.4  per  cent  dur- 
ing  the  same  period. 


P.    F.    REILLY 

Building 

Contractor 

and  Manager  of 

Construction 


730  ELLIS  STREET 
San  Francisco 

Telephone  TUxedo  9656 


G  ood  Buildings  Deserve 
Good  Hardivare 


I  PALACE  HARD\\:\Rrcal 


larket  Street 

SUttcr  6063 


HARDWOOD 

FLOORING 

HEADQUARTERS 

GOLDEN  STATE 

FLOORING 
CORPORATION 


C.  E.  COATES.  Manager 
SAN  FRANCISCO 

Rhode  Island  Street 

Bet.  16th  and  17th         PhoneMArket  3177 


Specify 

DICKEY 

CI_AY 
PRODUCTS 


Dickey  Mastertile  Face  Brick 

Partition  Tile  Fire  Brick 

Drain  Tile  Paving  Brick 

Fireproofing  Tile  Wall  Coping: 

Floor  Tile  Flue  Lining 

Common  Brick  Dickey  Flashing  Blocks 

W.  S.  DICKEY  CLAY  MFG. 
COMPANV 

SAN  FRANCISCO 


72 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  May.  1934 


Pacific 

Manufacturing 

Company 

High  Class  Interior  Finish 
Quahty  Millwork 

Monadnock  Bldg.        641  Merrill  Ave. 
San  Francisco  Los  Angeles 

GArfleld  7755  AXridge  9011 

1315  Seventh  Street,  Oakland 
GLencourt  7850 


SMITH 
Lumber  Company 

OF  OAKLAND 

Luimlber  audi  Mill  Work 


19TH  AVE.  AND  ESTUARY 
Oakland,  Califoi^ia 

FRuitvale  3174 


G  U  I  L  F  O  Y 

Cornice   Works 

General  Sheet  Metal 


Skylights 
Fire  Doors 

GUILFOY  CORNICE  WORKS 
1234  Howard  Street 

San   Francisco 
Phone:  MArket  0561 


TRANSIT- MIX 
CONCRETE 

A  Perfect-Blend 
Material 

Golden  Gate  Atlas 
Materials  Co. 

Sixteenth  and  Harrison  Streets 

San    Francisco 

Phone  HEmlock  7020 


PRE-FABRICATION 
George  H.  Gray  of  New  Ha- 
ven. Conn.,  director  of  the  New 
England  Division  of  the  Ameri- 
can Institute  of  Architects,  is  em- 
phatically opposed  to  pre-fabri- 
cated  buildings,  asserting  that 
they  do  little  to  furnish  employ- 
ment and  are  not  capital  invest- 
ments. He  points  out  that  80  per 
cent  of  the  cost  of  a  well-con- 
structed home  goes  for  labor. 

Pre-fabricated  houses,  often  sold 
on  the  installment  plan,  last  only 
five  or  ten  years  before  being  cast 
into  the  "automobile  graveyard," 
he  says.  Abuse  of  installment 
buying,  he  adds,  did  much  to 
bring  about  the  depression,  and 
should  be  guarded  against  in  the 
future. 

"A  house  built  under  competent 
and  conscientious  architectural  su- 
pervision of  good  design,  in  a 
neighborhood  selected  for  ade- 
quate restrictions  and  a  good  fu- 
ture." Mr.  Gray  says,  "should 
advance  steadily  in  value,  as  the 
neighborhood  mellows,  over  a 
long  period  of  years.  Houses  de- 
signed with  distinction  never  go 
out  of  style,  as  witness  the  per- 
sistent repetition  of  traditional 
Colonial  and  English  cottage 
types. 

"Following  this  experience  and 
this  logic,  the  Subsistence  Home- 
steads have  been  inaugurated  by 
the  Federal  Government  along 
lines  which  will  encourage,  so  far 
as  is  consistent  with  good  con- 
struction, the  use  of  such  materi- 
als as  the  homesteaders  can  put 
together  themselves,  if  not  indi- 
vidually, by  those  within  the 
group. 

"In  sharp  contrast  to  this  we 
have  another  movement.  not 
backed  by  the  Administration,  but 
one  which  the  Government  cannot 
afford  to  overlook.  It  is  the  propa- 
ganda for  the  pre-fabricated.  por- 
table, temporary  house,  to  be 
taken  off  the  counter,  used  a  few 
years,  and  then  cast  into  the 
'automobile  graveyard'  when  out- 
moded. 

"An  official  description  pub- 
lished   in    an    architectural    maga- 


YALE 

BUILDERS' 
LOCKS  AND 
HARDWARE 


Unsurpassed  Qualily 
Security  -  Durability 

Distributed  by 

MARSHALL   -   NEWELL 
SUPPLY  CO. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CALIF. 


REPUBLIC  STEEL 

c  o 

R   P    O    R.    A  T  1 

O  N 

ENDURO     Stainless    Steel; 

TON- 

CAN 

Copper     Molybdenum 

Iron 

Sheets 

and    Pipe;    and    Stee! 

Pipe. 

Sheets 

and     Reinforcing     B 

every  building  purpose 

Write  for  information 

ar     for 

Rialto 

Building,    San    Francisco 

Calif. 

Edison 

Building.     Los     Angeles 

Calif. 

Smith 

Tower    Building,    Seattle, 

Wash. 

We  Print 

The  ARCHITECT  and 

ENGINEER 

"A  Thing  of  Beauty 

Is  a  Joy  Forever" 

942    HOWARD    STREET 

SAN    FRANCISCO 


Grinnell   Automatic 
SPRINKLER 

GRINNELL   COMPANY 

OF  THE  PACIFIC 


ENGINEERS  AND 
CONTRACTORS 


VALVES.    PIPE   and   FITTINGS 

601   BRANNAN  STREET 
San  Francisco 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  May.  1934 


tlATlONAL  ELECTRIC 
_  PRODUCTS  _ 
■   CORPORATlOn   ■ 

Subsidiary  of  Phelps  Dodge  Corporation 
Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


NATIONAL    "FIRE    STOP"    WIRES 

AND    CABLES 
NATIONAL    "SHERARDUCT"    AND 

"ECONOMY"  CONDUIT 

NATIONAL  SWITCH  AND  OUTLET 

BOXES 


Pacific  Coast  Office 
400  Potrcro  Avenue  •  San  Francisco 

H.    J.    Newton,    Manager 


Anderson  &  Ringrose 


General  Contractors 


320  Market  Street,  San  Francisco 
Phone  DO  uglas  1373 


Robert  W.  Hunt  Company 

ENGINEERS 

Inspection    -    Tests    -    Consultation 

Schools  and  Other  Structures 
Are  Built  as  Designed 

When    Construction    Materials    arc 

Inspected  at  faint  of  Manufacture 

and  during  Erection   by 

ROBERT  W.  HUNT  COMPANY 


Cement,  Concrete,  Chemical,  Melalhirgical, 
X-Ray  and  Physical  Laboratories 


Chicago      -      New  York      -      Pittsburgh 

Los  Angeles      -      AH  Large  Cities 
San   Francisco,    251    Kearny    Street 


Chicago 

HOSPITAL 

SILENT  CALL 
SIGNAL  SYSTEMS 


GARNETT    YOUNG    AND    CO. 

Pacific  Coast  Sale!  Engineers 
J90    FOURTH    ST.,    SAN    FRANCISCO 
SFattle  Los  Angeles  Portland 


zine  says:  'Expected  life  span  of 
house  five  to  ten  years,  depend- 
ing on  financial  independence  of 
owner';  Salvage  value  'that  of  a 
worn-out  automobile  which  is  ta- 
ken in  trade  on  a  new  model.' 

"In  other  words,  it  is  not  a 
capital  investment,  and  the  cost 
would  have  to  be  distributed  over 
the  income  of  the  five  or  ten  years. 
In  fact,  the  financing  is  said  to  be 
similar  to  that  of  certain  motor 
corporations,  which  means  the  en- 
couragement of  mortgaging  the 
wages  for  the  years  ahead.  Such 
fabricated  houses  are  not  to  be 
included  in  any  survey  of  the 
building  industry,  except  to  the 
extent  that  they  tend  to  substitute 
a  life  of  vagrancy  for  responsible 
citizenship  in  a  community." 


1934  ROAD  MAP 
The  publication  of  the  1934  edi- 
tion of  the  California  road  map  is 
announced  by  Earl  Lee  Kelly,  di- 
rector of  the  Department  of  Pub- 
lic Works.  This  new  map  has 
been  prepared  by  the  Division  of 
Highways  under  the  direction  of 
C.  H.  Purcell.  State  Highway  En- 
gineer and  is  being  issued  through 
the  Division  of  Documents  and 
Publications. 

The  map  conforms  to  standards 
adopted  by  the  Western  Associa- 
tion of  State  Highway  Officials. 
These  standards  for  the  prepara- 
tion of  State  road  maps,  control 
the  size  of  the  map,  the  colors, 
style  of  lettering  and  legend  used, 
so  that  road  maps  published  by  all 
States  which  are  members  of  the 
association  are  uniform  in  char- 
acter. 

The  size  of  the  map  is  28  by  34 
inches;  it  shows  the  entire  State 
as  a  unit  and  is  printed  in  four 
colors.  The  roads  shown  on  the 
map  include  the  primary  and  sec- 
ondary routes  of  the  State  high- 
way system  and  the  principal 
county  roads.  Three  different 
widths  have  been  used  in  deline- 
ating the  roads  according  to  their 
classification  as  Federal  aid  routes. 
United     States     highways.     State 


aSALKRAFT 

REG.  U.  S.  PAT.  OFF. 

"More  than  a 
building  paper" 


THE  SISALKRAFT  CO. 

205  West  Wacker  Drive 

(Canal   Station)    Chicago.   111. 

55  New  Montgomery  Street 

San  Francisco,  Calif. 


CRAN  E 

High  Class  Plumbing 
Fixtures 


All  Principal  Coast  Cities 


THE  TORMEY 
COMPANY 

GENERAL  PAINTERS 
AND   DECORATORS 

Phone  UNderhill  1913 

563  FULTON  STREET 
San  Francisco 


ELECTRICAL  INSTALLATION 
FOR 

MARSHALL 
STEEL  CO. 

BY 

SCOTT-BUTTNER 
ELECTRIC  CO. 

23rd  and  Webster  Sis.,  Oakland 
34  Harriet  St.,  San  Francisco 

Authorized  Agents 
for 

HOLPHANE  LIGHTING 

Used  in   New  Marshall  Steel   Laundry 


74 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  May.  1934 


No 


(.(> 


unseen 

extras" 

on  a 

DUTCH  BOY 
PAINT  JOB 

NATIONAL   LEAD  CO. 


San  Francisco 
Lob  Angeles 
Portland 


Oakland 

Seattle 

Spokane 


LUXOR 


WINDOW     SHADES 

Translucent  Shading 

o[  highest  count 

cambric 


William  Volker  &  Co. 

631  Howard  Street 

San  Francisco 


LEATHER-STEEL 

RUBBER-COCOA 

WOOD 

Mats  and  Mattings 

Ezy-Rufi   Carpet-Tex 

Manufactured  and  Installed  by 

LEATHER 
MAT   MFG.  CO. 

340  Sansome  St.  San  Francisco 


roads  or  county  roads.  Federal 
aid  routes  and  U.  S.  highways  are 
the  widest,  county  roads  the  nar- 
rowest and  the  State  highways 
not  on  the  Federal  aid  system,  or 
not  United  States  highways,  a 
width  between   the  two. 

All  principal  towns  and  cities 
are  shown  and  the  mileage  be- 
tween points  is  clearly  indicated. 
The  type  of  surfacing  which  ob- 
tains is  shown  by  color  on  all 
roads,  red  indicating  a  high  type 
of  improvement,  yellow  an  inter- 
mediate and  black  a  low  type. 

Copies  of  this  latest  California 
road  map  may  be  secured  from 
the  Division  of  Documents,  State 
Capitol  Building.  Sacramento,  at 
a  cost  of  thirty-five  cents. 


HOTEL  RED  BOOK 
Thomas  D.  Green,  president  of 
the  American  Hotel  Association, 
announces  that  the  1934  edition 
of  the  association's  official  direc- 
tory, the  Hotel  Red  Book,  will  be 
issued  June  1 . 

Mr.  Green  says  there  are  more 
changes  in  listings  in  this  edition 
than  in  any  other  edition  in  the 
forty-eight  years  of  Red  Book 
history. 

"We  are  pleased  to  say," 
said  Mr.  Green,  "that  our  adver- 
tising volume  exceeds  that  of  the 
1933  edition.  This  is  a  good  sign 
of  improved  business  conditions. 
Generally,  hotels  are  the  last  to 
feel  effects  of  any  change  in  the 
business  situation.  We  have  rea- 
son to  believe  that  in  the  past 
several  months  there  has  been  a 
decided  improvement  in  industry 
and  business,  generally,  and  ho- 
tels are  just  now  beginning  to  feel 
the  effects." 


OREGON  CHAPTER 
The  Oregon  Chapter,  A. I. A., 
held  a  dinner  meeting  followed  by 
the  regular  business  session,  April 
17th.  President  Parker  presided. 
There  were  present:  Messrs.  Par- 
ker, Linde,  Knighton,  Jones,  Wall- 
work,  Herzog.  Jacobberger,  Whit- 
ney, Aandahl,  Crowell.  Brookman, 
Roehr,     Bear,     Doty,     Newbeury, 


Clausen,  Johnston,  Wick,  Forrest, 
Sundeleaf,  Howell.  Burton  Pal- 
mer was  a  guest. 

Mr.  Parker  read  a  letter  receiv- 
ed advocating  the  reelection  of 
Mr.  Russell  as  president  of  the  In- 
stitute. 

A  letter  was  read  written  by  S. 
Benson,  approving  the  Chapter's 
action  regarding  the  site  of  the 
proposed  armory  building. 

Mr.  Jacobberger  discussed  the 
idea  of  public  school  building  fa- 
cilities, such  as  gymnasiums,  audi- 
toriums, etc..  being  made  available 
for  the  use  of  the  public  at  times 
other  than  when  used  for  school 
activities.  The  concensus  of  opin- 
ion of  those  present  seemed  to  be 
that  the  idea  was  a  worthy  one, 
and  one  that  the  Chapter  could 
properly  advocate. 

The  president  introduced  Bur- 
ton Palmer,  State  Engineer  of  the 
S.E.R.A.,  who  made  a  very  in- 
teresting and  explanatory  talk  on 
the  work  done  in  Oregon  by  the 
C.W.A.,  and  that  contemplated 
by  S.E.R.A.— L.D.H. 


Phone  GArfield  1164 

Hunter  &  Hudson 

Consulting  Engineers 
DESIGNERS  OF  HEATING 
AIR  CONDITIONING 
VENTILATING  AND  WIRING 
SYSTEMS,  MECHANICAL 
AND  ELECTRICAL  EQUIP- 
MENT OF  BUILDINGS 
(U^ 
41  SUTTER  STREET 

ROOM  710 
San  Francisco  California 


DINWIDDIE 

CONSTRUCTION 
COMPANY 

Builders  of  the  neiu  gymna- 
sium, University  of  Cali- 
fornia; Grace  Cathedral, 
Russ  Building  and  Hartford 
Insurance  Building,  San 
Francisco;  Life  Science 
Building,  University  of  Cali- 
fornia, Berkeley. 

CROCKER  BUILDING 
SAN  FRANOSCO 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  May.  1934 


McNEAR  BRICK 

FOR 

Beauty  amd 
Permanemce 

(TVS 
McNear  Brick  Company 

Main  Office  and  Factories 

McNEAR  POINT 
San  Rafael,  Calif. 

San  Francisco  Office  and  Yard 
417  BERRY  STREET 


J.  KAPLAN 

PATENT 
ATTORNEY 

Washington  Loan  3C  Trust  BIdg. 
Washington,  D.  C. 


U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents 

Trade-marks 

Architects'   Plans  Protected 

JVr'te  for  Information 


Agents     in     all     Foreign     Countries 


]\ORTOI\  DOOR 

CLOISER 

CO. 


Agents 

NORTON  PACIFIC  SALES  CO. 

G67   Howard  Street  San    Francisco 


McClintic-Marshall 
Corporation 


Subsidiary  of 
Bethlehem 


Steel 
Corporation 


STEEL  BRIDGES 
and  BUILDINGS 

110th    St.    &    Central    Ave. 
Los  Angeles,  Calif. 


CONTRACTORS  AGENCY 

Following  recent  appointment 
by  the  Division  Code  Authority 
for  General  Contractors,  an  or- 
ganization meeting  of  the  Califor- 
nia State  Administrative  Agency 
v/as  held  in  Los  Angeles,  May  7. 
The  personnel  of  the  Agency  is  as 
follows: 

Highway  Contractors  —  R.  D. 
Watson.  Oakland;  S.  M.  Griffith, 
Los  Angeles. 

Engineering  Contractors — War- 
ren A.  Bechtel,  Jr.,  San  Fran- 
cisco; Lynn  S.  Atkinson,  Los  An- 
geles. 

Building  Contractors  —  H.  M. 
Walker,  Los  Angeles;  B.  O.  Lar- 
son, San  Diego;  Geo.  J.  Maurer. 
Oakland. 

The  first  meeting  was  called  to 
order  by  R.  D.  Watson  who  was 
later  elected  permanent  chairman; 
H.  M.  Walker,  vice-president; 
Warren  A.  Bechtel.  treasurer  and 
Floyd  O.  Booe,  secretary. 

This  Agency  will  be  the  official 
spokesman  for  the  General  Con- 
tractors Code  Authority  and  will 
undertake  the  administration  in 
California  of  all  of  the  provision'- 
of  the  General  Contractors  '"vjde 
and  the  applicable  porti-,as  of  the 
basic  Construction  Industry  Code. 

The  centrri  headquarters  office 
of  the  State  Agency  will  be  in  San 
Francisco. 


21.943  CONTRACTORS 
Registrations  of  contractors  in 
California  reached  a  total  of  21.- 
943.  only  422  less  than  the  total 
for  the  entire  previous  fiscal  year, 
on  April  1.  1934,  according  to  the 
monthly  report  of  Col.  Carlos  W. 
Huntington.  California  state  reg- 
istrar of  contractors.  This  is  a 
gain  of  almost  2000  in  less  than 
six  months  and  is  interpreted  by 
the  registrar  as  an  indication  of 
increasing  activity  in  construction. 


BOOST  ARCHITECTS'  FEE 
Because  the  present  renewal  fee 
of  $6  a  year  is  inadequate  to  meet 
expenses  of  administration,  the 
California  State  Board  of  Archi- 
tectural Examiners  has  voted  to 
increase  the  fee  as  allowed  by  law 
to  $10  a  year  beginning  with  1935. 


MULLEN  MFG. 
COMPANY 

BANK,  STORE   AND  OFHCE 

FIXTURES— CABINET  WORK 

OF  GUARANTEED  QUALITY 

CHURCH  SEATING 


Office  and  Factory: 

61   RAUSCH  ST..  Bet.  7th  and  8th  Sti. 

San  Francisco 

Telephone  HE  mlock  2858 


G. 

P.  W.  Jensen  &  Son 

Building  Construction 

»2( 

Market  Street,  San  Francisco 

Phone  2444 

MacDonald  &  Kahn 

General 
Contractors 

Financial    Center    Bldg. 

405  Montgomery  St. 

San   Franeileo 


BUILDING  CONSTRUCTION 

Recent  Contracts  Completed 
Y.  W.  C.  A.  Building 

San  Francisco 
Library  Building 

Berkelei) 
Post  Office  Building 

Oakland 
City  Hospital 

Palo  Alto 
Home  of  the  Blind 

Berkeley 

K.  E.  PARKER  CO.,  INC. 

135  South  Park  San  Francisco 

Phone  KE  arny  6640 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  May.  1934 


SAN  FRANCISCO 


THE 

/1ND 

EnCIFNEER 


JUNE   1934 


Spo/lesi  lis  a  model  ward!  Efficient  as  a  modern  njiojiinij,  >u,,ni\  Aiiiinii.tUc.ill)- 
controlled,  gas-fired  boilers  of  Foster  Memorial  Hospital 


crating  costs.  The  full  time  of  the  engineer 
is  not  required,  and  he  may  be  assigned  to  " 
other  duties.  In  every  way,  gas  is  giving  | 
wonderful  satisfaction." 


A  fuel  that  meets  exacting  hospital  requirements 
is  a  fuel  you  can  depend  upon  for  client  satis- 
faction !  In  planning  for  gas  installations,  or 
writing  specifications  for  any  building,  you  are 
invited  to  consult  (without  charge)  your  gas 
company's   Industrial    Engineers. 


"Dr."  Architect  and  Dr.  Medico  are  allies 
in  the  modern  health  crusade. 

Such  model  institutions  as  Foster  Memo- 
rial Hospital  stand  as  monuments  to  their 
professional  cooperation. 

The  entire  building  is  automatically 
heated  by  two  gas-fired,  low-pressure  boilers. 
Two  high-pressure  boilers  supply  steam  for 
sterilization.  Gas  automatic  water-heaters  as- 
sure abundant  hot  water  at  any  hour,  day 
or  night. 

The  kitchen,  too,  with  its  heavy-duty  res- 
taurant ranges  and  other  modern  appliances, 
is  "all  gas." 

Three  years'  experience  with  gas  fuel  is 
summed  up  by  SuperintenJeut  Gertrude  II''. 
Fuller:  "These  automatic  gas  appliances 
have  assisted  materially  in  reducing  our  op- 

PACIFIC      COAST      GAS      ASSOCIATION,      INC. 

{A  non-profit  service  organization  of  which  your  Gas  Company  is  a  member  } 

4  47     SUTTER     STREET,      SAN     FRANCISCO,     CALIFORNIA 


FOSTER    MEMORIAL    HOSPITAL 
Ventura,  California 

Arc/jitect 

JOHN  C.  AUSTIN 

Los  Angeles 

General  Contractors 

BAVIN  &  BURCH  COMPANY 

Los  Angeles 

Plumbing,  Heating  Contractors, 

JONES  HEATING  CO. 

Pasadena 


If  you  are  driving  for  complete  satisfaction 
all-around  ...your  own  as  well  as  your  client's 
...you  will  find  that  a  closed  specification 
for  L'O'F  Improved  Quality  Glass  fbrighter, 
dearer,  flatfer)  will  help  you  reach  the  green. 
• 

LIBBEY  •  OWENS  .  FORD  GLASS  COMPANY,  TOLEDO,  OHIO. 
Manufacturers  of  Highest  Quality  Flat  Drawn  Window  Glass,  Polished 
Plate  Glass  and  Safety  Glass;  also  distributors  of  Figured  and  Wire 
Glass  manufactured  by  the  Blue  Ridge  Glass  Corp.  of  Kingsport,  Tenn. 

Lib  BEY-  Owens   Ford 

QUALITY    GLASS 


ENGINEERS  will  find  interest  in 
the  following  editorial  comment  in  a  re- 
cent issue  of  Sfone.  an  Eastern  trade 
publication  devoted  primarily  to  the  stone 
industry: 

"Engineers    in    the    aggregate    and    as 
a   class   may   have   had   mingled   feelings 
of  ire   and   self  commiseration   on   read- 
ing, as  many  of  them  no  doubt  did.  the 
article  entitled  The  Overrated  Engineer' 
in    the    April    North    American    Review. 
The   author   of   the    article,    an   engineer 
himself,    calls   his   fellows   to    task   for   a 
lack  of  initiative  and  scientific  approach 
of    their    common    problems.     Engineers 
were    also    accused    as    being    motivated 
chiefly  by  material  gain.    As  a  class,  en- 
gineers, perhaps  have  faults,  but  also  as 
a  class  they  have  contributed  more  than 
their   due  share   to   the   material   welfare 
of   the   rest   of   the   world   as   so   cannot 
be    denied    a    livable    compensation    for 
their   labors.     Like   all    orofessions    there 
are  a  few  practitioners  who  are  ineligible 
and  who  bring  dishonor  upon  the  strictly 
ethical  members  of  the  class.    After  the 
war  the   engineering   profession  was    be- 
littled" by  the  influx  of  about  every  form 
of   so-called   engineer   that   fertile   brains 
could  devise.    There  were  sanitary  engi- 
neers, many  of  whom  weren't  even  good 
plumbers;    there    were    ventilating    engi- 
neers whose  engineering   knowledge  was 
confined  to  electric  fans,  and  there  were 
countless   other   engineer.*^    whose   activi- 
ties  and   publicity    tended    to   bring    dis- 
credit upon  the  well  intentioned,  technic- 
ally  trained   and   honest   engineers,   who, 
after  all,   need   have   no  misgivings   con- 
cerning  their  profession  or   its   ethics." 

::     «     :: 

DURING  the  Herbert  Hoover  ad- 
ministration there  was  much  opposition 
on  the  part  of  architects,  builders  and 
dealers  in  materials  to  the  governmental 
control  over  Federal  building  plans.  Gov- 
ernment buildings,  it  wa.-'  argued,  would 
all  be  alike  if  designed  by  the  same  staffs 
of  architects  working  in  the  department 
offices  in  Washington.  Architects  through- 
out the  country  looked  to  the  then  in- 
coming Roosevelt  administration  to  cure 
this  ill,  but  the  practice  has  grown  rather 
than  diminished  until  at  this  time  there 
is  one  of  the  largest  bureaucratic  organ- 
izations in  the  present  government  in 
charge  of  every  class  of  building  activ- 
ity to  which  the  Federal  government  is 
a  party. 

The  private  architects,   it   is  said,   are 
more  out  of  the  picture  today  than  ever 


before,  except  for  the  more  pretentious 
work.  Following  the  lead  of  Washing- 
ton, state  and  municipal  governments  are 
establishing  bureaus  and  numerous  pub- 
lic buildings  have  been  erected  from  plans 
prepared  under  the  direction  of  state  and 
county  engineers  by  architects  who  were 
paid  low  daily  wages  from  emergency 
unemployment  funds.  If  architects  win 
recognition  and  retain  their  independence 
as  well  as  gain  their  rights  to  design 
public  buildings,  they  must  organize  to 
fight  what  has  become  a  growing  menace 
to  recovery — bureaucracv. 

::     ::     « 

A  CRITICAL  inventory  of  the 
available  small  houses  today  discloses 
the  fact  that  most  of  them  are  poor  in- 
vestments from  the  standpoint  of  the 
prospective  owner.  Many  of  the  small 
houses  now  in  use  are  the  product  of 
the  speculative  residential  building  era 
from  1923  to  1929.  when  the  high  costs 
of  land,  of  labor  and  materials,  and  of 
capital,  together  with  the  too  common 
practice  of  cheap  and  faulty  construc- 
tion resulting  in  rapid  depreciation  and 
obsolescence,  caused  an  initial  and  con- 
stant expenditure  which  is  entirely  out 
of  proportion  to  existing  market  values 
and  income  levels. 

The  annual  income  of  the  average 
American  has  fallen  below  $2,000,  with 
the  average  income  of  the  industrial 
worker  below  $1500.  In  line  with  this, 
most  industries  have  effected  price  reduc- 
tions together  with  improvements  in  qual- 
ity and  performance;  the  housing  indus- 
try has  done  little  in  making  improve- 
ments which  are  within  reach  of  the 
masses  and  yet  building  costs  have  gone 
higher  rather  than  lower. 

Today  there  is  a  need  for  one  million 
small  houses,  the  result  of  five  years  of 
almost  complete  lack  of  either  building 
or  repairing.  It  is  estimated  that  in  the 
next  five  years  800,000  new  houses  a 
year  will  be  needed,  calling  for  an  ex- 
penditure of  about  thirtv  billions  of  dol- 
lars. 

The  building  industry  has  demonstrat- 
ed that  a  house  which  would  be  a  good 
investment  could  be  built  for  from  $3500 
to  $5000.  Whether  of  wood,  brick,  con- 
crete, steel,  stone,  or  some  combination 
of  these  materials,  the  "House  of  the 
Future"  is  a  definite  possibility  if  the 
necessary  economies  of  fabrication,  as- 
sembly, construction,  and  materials  are 
made,  and  if  land  and  credit  costs  are 
brought  into  line. 


The  investment  value  of  a  home  de- 
pends upon  both  tangible  and  intangible 
factors.  In  the  first  group,  location,  de- 
sign, materials  used,  credit  facilities,  and 
land  utilization  for  residential  purposes 
are  problems  requiring  careful  study.  In 
the  latter  group,  population  growth  and 
mobility,  city  planning  and  zoning,  in- 
dustrial centralization  or  decentraliza 
tion,  and  the  psychological  factors  o 
the  effects  of  ownership  upon  character, 
thrift,  and  citizenship  demand  solution. 
The  manner  in  which  these  various  prob 
lems  are  handled  will,  in  large  measure, 
determine  whether  America  will  continue 
to  make  individual  homes  one  of  its  major 
investment  fields  or  will  look  elsewhere 
for  satisfactory  investments. 

The  lack  of  needed  capital  for  long- 
term  credit  is  the  greatest  single  deter- 
rent to  home-building  today.  Will  the 
building  industry  make  necessary  changes 
and  continue  its  research  into  materials 
and  methods  to  a  sufficient  extent  to 
make  the  "Home  of  the  Future"  avail- 
able generally?  The  next  few  years  must 
witness  the  marketing  of  a  house  of  such 
low  initial  cost,  such  economy  of  opera- 
tion and  maintenance,  such  durability  of 
materials,  and  such  ease  of  long-term 
financing  that  it  will  meet  the  accumu- 
lated need  for  "ONE  MILLION  A 
■YEAR"   new   homes. 


THE  death  of  Cass  Gilbert  in 
Brockenwurst,  England,  May  17th,  marks 
the  end  of  a  notable  career  of  one  of  the 
world's  greatest  architects.  Cass  Gilbert 
was  internationally  known  largely  be- 
cause he  was  the  architect  of  the  Wool- 
worth  Building,  for  many  years  the 
world's  tallest  skyscraper.  The  profes- 
sion is  interested  in  Cass  Gilbert's  views 
on  high  buildings.  He  had  been  architect 
for  many  such  structures  and  the  Wool- 
worth  Tower,  when  it  was  built,  capped 
them  all.  Later  he  said  publicly,  "The 
most  beautiful  skyscraper  that  is  possible 
has  not  yet  been  built.  It  may  never  be 
built.  Those  of  us  living  today  may 
never  see  it,  and  remote  posterity  may 
never  see  it,  for  the  need  may  change, 
and  theste  ephemereal  structures  will  not 
and  these  ephemeral  structures  will  not 
known  as  the  designer  of  a  number  of 
notable  state  capitol  buildings.  In  1926 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  National 
Academy  of  Design.  He  was  74  years 
old. 

The  Architect  and  Engineer.  June.  1934 


VOLUME  117 
NUMBER  3 


THE 

ARCHITECT 

AND  ENGINEER 


JUNE 
1934 


Q^ontents 


Wl  90  OUB  **** 


FREDERICK  W.  JONES,  Edilor 

EDGAR  N.  KIERULFF, 
Advertising  Manager 

Contributing  Editors 
CLARENCE  R.  WARD.  5o«  Francisco 

CARLETON  MONROE  WINSLOW, 
Los  Angeles 

HAROLD  W.  DOTY,  Portland,  Ore. 

CHAS.  H.  ALDEN,  ieattle,  Wash. 

Consulting  and  Advisory  Editors 
LEWIS  P.  HOBART 
TIMOTHY  L.  PFLUEGER 
ELMER  GREY 
CLARENCE  A.  TANTAU 
WM.  L.  WOOLLETT 
W.  C.  HAYS 
JOHN  BAKEWELL,  JR. 
EDWIN  L.  SNYDER 
THOMAS  J.  KENT 
ALBERT  F.  ROLLER 
J.  STEWART  FAIRWEATHER 
JOHN  W.GREGG 
RALPH  D.  CORNELL 
HORACE  G.  COTTON 
W.  ADRIAN 
JULIAN  C.  MESIC 
H.  J.  BRUNNIER 
L.  H.  NISHKIAN 


Frontispiece        FRONT  OF  CHURCH,   MISSION  SAN  JUAN  BAUTISTA 

TEXT 

I '  A  NEW  STATE  MONUMENT  .\T  MISSION'  SAN  JUAN   BAUTISTA 

Mrs.  Edmund  N.  Brown 

EARLY   C.\LIFORNIA   ARCHITECTURE 
Irving  F.  Morrow,  Architect 
CHAIN   STORE   OPPORTUNITIES 
G.  .-!.  .Anderson 

STRAY  LEAVES  FROM  A  SKETCH  BOOK  IN  FRANCE 
Nathaniel  Blaisdell,  Architect 
INSTITUTE    PRESIDENT    SAYS    PUBLIC    LACKS    ARCHITECTURAL 

KNOWLEDGE 
HIGH    CEILING    STORE    CONVERTED    INTO    PROFITABLE    COFFEE 

SHOP 
A   CASE    PICTURE   OF   HOUSIN'G   IN   A   SLUMLESS   CITY 
Carl  F.  Cromme 

TERMITES  AND  TERMITE  CONTROL 
A.  A.  Brown.  Consulting  Engineer 
RADICAL   CHANGE   IN   ARCHITECTURE    PICTURED    FOR    NEXT 

GENER.\TION 
.ilvo  R.  Willman 
47    ...     .     GOLDEN  GATE  BRIDGE  FAST  REACHING  SPECTACULAR  STAGE 
49    ...     .     CONCRETE   SHELL   CONSTRUCTION    FOR   MODERN   DAIRY   BARN 
53  THE  FIELD  AND  RILEY  ACTS  DEFINED 

Eric  L.  Cope.  C.E. 
59    ...     .     WITH    THE   ARCHITECTS 

PLATES  AND  ILLUSTRATIONS 

14  ...     .     LOGGIA,   MISSION  SAN  JUAN   BAUTISTA 

15  ...     .     INTERIOR,   MISSION  SAN  JUAN  BAUTISTA 

16-19    .     .     .     ME.\SURED    DRAWINGS,    MISSION    SAN   JUAN    BAUTISTA 
-0  THREE   ATTRACTIVE  SPANISH   HOMES  IN  SEACLIFF, 

'      •     •     ■     •  5^,;   FRANCISCO 

Geo.  E.  .McCrea.  Architect 
23-26    .     .     .     SKETCHES   IN    FRANCE    BY   N.ATHANIEL   BLAISDELL,    ARCHITECT 
?n  ?2  PRIZE   WINNING   DESIGNS   FOR  A   MOUNTAIN   CABIN. 

■     •  LOS   ANGELES  COUNTY 

COFFEE  SHOP   AT    1 1 1    SUTTER   STREET.   SAN   FRANCISCO 

Win.  Clement  Ambrose.  Architect 

PROBLEM:    "A   GEORGIAN   DOORWAY" 

Elmer  Sanders 

PROBLEM;    "A  POST  OFFICE" 

Elmer  Omdal 

PROBLEM:    "A   YACHT   CLUB" 

Bjarne  Olson 

M-VRIN  TOWER.  GOLDEN  GATE  BRIDGE  .„^,.^„ 

PYLON  SI     GOLDEN  G.\TE  BRIDGE.   FORT  POINT,  SAN  FRANCISCO 

PL\TES    \ND   DRAWINGS   FOR  A   MODERN  DAIRY   BARN, 
CHICAGO  WORLD'S  FAIR 


Published  monthly  by  THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER,  INC. 
621  FoxcToft  Building,  San  Francisco.  California 

TTDFTi'ir   w   TONES  Vice-President  L.  B.  PENHORWOOD,  Secrt/nry 

W.  J.  L.  KIERULFF,  President  and  Manager  FRED  K.  W.  JONtb,  vice  i-resment 

New  York  Representative-Tbe  Spencer  Young  Company,  299  Madison  Ave.,  New  York  City 

Subscriptions-Vr^-neC   Slate,  and   Pan-American,   $4.00  a  year;   single  copy,   $  .60.    Canada  and   foreign   countries,   $6.00  a  year. 


Photo  by  Irving  F.  M, 


FRONT  OF  CHURCH.  MISSION  SAN  JUAN  BAUTISTA 


THE 

ARCHITECT 

AND  ENGINEER 


JUNE  1934 
VOLUME  117 
NUMBER  THREE 


A  NEW  STATE  MONUMENT  AT  MISSION 
SAN  JUAN  BAUTISTA 


(Th 


HE  State  of  Cali- 
fornia   has   recently  acquired    from    funds 
provided  in  the  state  park  bond  issue  of 
1927,   and  through   the   help  of   the  town 
of   San   Juan,   the  owners  of   the   historic 
buildings  and  the   San  Juan   Plaza   Pres- 
ervation League,  the  old  San  Juan  Plaza 
and    its    early    buildings    which    face    the 
Mission    San    Juan    Bautista,    as    a    State 
Monument.  Around  this  sweet-scented  lo- 
cust bordered  Plaza  of  San  Juan  are  group- 
ed old  adobe  and   frame  buildings  which 
are  true  California  landmarks  of  the  early 
Spanish  period.    Here  at  San  Juan  is  the 
only  plaza  which  has  survived  practically 
unchanged.    In  1883  Helen  Hunt  Jackson 
wrote:    "At   San   Juan   Bautista  there  lin- 
gers more  of  the  atmosphere  of  the  olden 
time  than  is  to  be  found  in  any  other  place 
in  California."    Now,  half  a  century  later, 
one  happily  finds  the   same   quiet  atmos- 
phere with  the  old  buildings  undisturbed 
by  neighboring  modern  structures. 


by 

MRS.  EDMUND  N.  BROWN 

State  Park  Commissioner 

The  most  interesting  building  facing  the 
Plaza  is  the  Mission  which  is  not  owned 
by  the  state  but  is  being  cared  for  by  the 
Catholic  Church.  This  Mission,  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  and  best  preserved  of  the 
California  Missions,  was  founded  on  St. 
John's  day.  June  24,  1927,  by  Father  Las- 
uen.  The  corner  stone  of  the  church  was 
laid  June  13,  1803.  and  the  Mission  dedi- 
cated June  25,  1812. 

The  Mission  is  laid  out  in  two  wings.  In 
front  to  the  left  of  the  church  is  a  long 
cloister  or  arcade  which  forms  one  side  of 
the  plaza.  Behind  the  church  are  two  adobe 
structures,  one  the  original  chapel.  The 
church  is  188  feet  long,  72  feet  wide  with 
walls  three  feet  thick.  The  walls  were  sup- 
ported by  four  buttresses  on  either  side. 
Those  on  the  northeast  are  still  standing. 
The  San  Juan  Bautista  church  was  the 
only  one  in  the  mission  chain  which  was 
built  with  three  aisles.  The  walls  of  the 
nave  are  divided  into  arches,  seven  on  a 
side.  Fear  of  earthquake  caused  all  the 
arches  except  the  two  nearest  the  altar  to 


^   11   ► 


be  filled  in.  The  interior  walls  of  the  church 
were  covered  with  native  mural  decorations 
but  unfortunately  these  have  been  blotted 
out  with  whitewash. 

The  buildings  were  roofed  with  tiles 
(tejas)  which  were  shaped  by  hand  and 
were  said  to  be  molded  on  the  thighs  of 
the  Indians.  The  process  of  laying  the  tile 
was  as  follows:  To  the  heavy  ridge  pole, 
which  was  never  less  than  eight  inches 
square  was  attached  the  rafters  of  redwood 
or  alder  spalings  about  eight  inches  thick, 
firmly  secured  by  thongs  of  soaked  raw- 
hide. On  these  rafters  was  spread  a  thick 
layer  of  willow  boughs  and  the  whole  was 
covered  to  the  depth  of  two  inches  with  a 
layer  of  thick  mud.  The  tiles  were  laid  on 
this  bed  with  first  concave  and  then  con- 
ve.x  side  up,  overlapping  at  the  ends,  thus 
making  a  complete  protection  against  the 
rain.  The  surface  of  the  Mission  walls  was 
covered  with  a  coating  of  lime  mortar, 
which  has  wonderfully  resisted  the  ele- 
ments. 

The  first  building  of  the  Mission  occu- 
pied the  ground  now  the  site  of  the  Plaza 
Hotel  and  the  Castro  Adobe.  The  Castro 
or  Breen  house  was  built  about  1825  and 
served  as  the  home  of  Jose  Castro  Com- 
mandante-General,  and  Mexican  Governor 
for  a  few  months  following  Governor 
Figuroa.  The  year  Castro  was  governor, 
1835,  Mexico  ordered  ten  of  the  Missions 
converted  into  pueblos.  San  Juan  was  of 
that  number  and  received  the  name  of  San 
Juan  de  Castro. 

General  John  C.  Fremont  was  a  visitor 
to  San  Juan  on  several  occasions.  It  is  said 
that  he  visited  Castro  there  prior  to  his 
encampment  on  the  nearby  Galilan  Peak 
(now  Fremont's  Peak)  where  he  raised, 
unofficially,  the  American  flag.  At  the 
request  of  Commodore  Sloat  he  raised 
it  officially  at  San  Juan  on  July  19,  1846, 


when  California  was  taken  over  by  the 
United  States.  The  Castro  house  which 
was  later  the  home  of  Patrick  Breen  and 
his  family  who  were  members  of  the  ill- 
fated  Donner  party,  is  considered  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  examples  of  early  Span- 
ish architecture  in  the  state.  Its  long  nar- 
row balcony  and  antique  tiled  roof  add  an 
air  of  beauty  to  this  time  scarred  adobe. 

Adjacent  to  the  Castro  house  is  the 
Plaza  Hotel  which  was  once  a  one-story 
adobe,  built,  it  is  claimed,  in  1792  to  house 
those  who  labored  to  build  the  Mission  and 
to  serve  as  a  barracks  for  the  Spanish  sol- 
diers. In  1849  Breen  opened  the  first  hotel 
"The  Inn  "  and  during  the  gold  rush  made 
plenty  of  money.  His  neighbor,  Angelo 
Zanetta,  after  remodeling  and  adding  an 
upper  story  of  wood,  opened  the  Plaza 
Hotel  on  June  24,  1856.  The  hotel  became 
noted  for  its  cuisine  and  fine  liquors.  It  was 
the  headquarters  for  the  overland  stage 
and  the  favorite  hotel  for  fiesta  guests, 
traders  and  travelers.  It  afforded  shelter 
to  many  celebrities,  such  as  Bayard  Tay- 
lor, John  Jacob  Astor,  Generals  U.  S. 
Grant,  Sheridan  and  Sherman.  Tony  Taix 
became  proprietor  of  the  Plaza  for  awhile 
and  was  followed  by  a  Mr.  Beck  and  later 
by  his  widow,  who  sold  it  to  the  state.  The 
hotel  with  its  old  bar  is  in  excellent  con- 
dition with  the  exception  of  some  interior 
"improvements"  which  do  not  reflect  the 
atmosphere  of  the  olden  days. 

The  Zanetta  House,  which  is  directly 
across  the  Plaza  from  the  Mission,  was 
originally  an  adobe  building  erected  about 
the  same  time  as  the  Plaza  Hotel  and  was 
originally  used  as  a  barracks.  The  adobe 
walls  of  the  first  floor  still  remain  but  the 
house  was  rebuilt  as  it  now  stands  in  1861, 
about  the  time  the  United  States  establish- 
ed military  headquarters.  Camp  Low,  nam- 
ed for  California's  Governor,  at  San  Juan 

[Please  turn  to  Page  45) 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    12    ► 


JUNE,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


EARLY  CALIFORNIA  ARCHITECTURE 


by 

IRVING  F.  MORROW 


The  Historic  American  Buildings  Survey  is  an  important  step  foricard  in  the  conservation 
of  our  national  historic  resources.  The  type  of  shelter  devised  by  mankind  in  every  age  and 
climate  is  an  expression  of  the  life  of  the  people.  In  the  United  States,  the  adobe  hut,  the  cliff 
dwelling  of  the  agricultural  Indian,  the  tepee  of  the  nomad,  the  log  cabin  of  the  pioneer,  the 
cottage,  the  farmhouse  in  the  country,  the  city  duelling,  each  expresses  eloquently  the  cul- 
ture and  mode  of  life  of  the  original,  tenant  or  oiiner. 

The  churches  and  missions  of  the  Franciscans  and  Jesuits  of  the  South  and  West,  the 
churches  of  the  Russians  in  Alaska,  the  meeting  houses  of  the  Puritans  in  the  East  and  Middle 
W  est,  the  colleges,  hospitals,  mills,  warehouses,  shops,  and  other  buildings  of  use  in  the  com- 
munity, all  belong  to  a  chapter  of  the  Nations  history.  Unfortunately,  a  lars;e  part  of  our 
early  American  architecture  has  disappeared.  It  is  inevitable  that  the  majority  of  structures 
will  at  some  time  outlive  their  ultimate  usefulness.  And  it  admittedly  is  impracticable  to  pre- 
serve all  buildings  or  sites  associated  with  events  of  incontestable  historic  importance. 

It  is  possible,  however,  to  record  in  a  graphic  manner  and  by  photography,  before  it  is 
too  late,  the  exact  appearance  of  these  buildings  and  their  surroundings.  This  is  the  purpose 
of  the  Historic  American  Buildings  Survey. 

The  buildings  considered  have  been  selected  for  measuring  and  photographing  in  the 
approximate  order  of  their  historic  and  architectural  importance  in  their  districts.  The  rec- 
ord is  made  as  a  form  of  insurance  against  loss  of  data  through  future  destruction,  and  also 
as  a  contribution  to  the  study  of  historic  architecture. 

HAROLD  C.  ICKES, 

Secretary  of  the  Interior. 


o 


N  the  9eneral  pur- 
pose and  justification  of  the  Historic  Amer- 
ican Buildings  Survey  it  is  unnecessary  to 
add  to  the  statement  of  Secretary  Ickes 
quoted  above. 

The  Survey — H.A.B.S.  to  the  initiated, 
following  our  current  vogue  for  alphabeti- 
cal designation  —  was  a  Federal  C.W.A. 
project  of  national  scope.  As  to  general 
methods  and  standards  it  was  directed  by 


the  National  Park  Service  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Interior.  The  actual  work  was 
decentralized  among  thirty  -  nine  districts 
covering  the  entire  United  States. 

District  No.  38,  which  the  writer  had 
the  privilege  of  directing,  comprised  Cali- 
fornia, north  of  San  Luis  Obispo  and  Te- 
hachapi.  Work  was  organized  in  early 
January  of  this  year  with  a  force  of  twenty. 
At  the  reorganization  of  the  C.W.A.  in 
the  middle  of  February  the  force  was  re- 


^    13    ► 


duced  to  ten.  During  April  a  progressive 
tapering  off  was  effected  until  the  work 
came  to  a  close  at  the  end  of  that  month. 
The  District  was  fortunate  in  assembl- 
ing a  conspicuously  able  and  interested 
force.  At  the  outset  it  was  divided  into  five 
squads,  each  with  one  member  designated 
as  field  leader.  These  groups  first  dis- 
persed for  measuring  building?  according 


sheets   furnished   by   National    Headquar- 
ters. 

Two  ideals  were  kept  constantly  in  mind 
— to  produce  documents  worthy  of  becom- 
ing national  records,  and  so  complete  that 
a  building  destroyed  could  actually  be  re- 
produced. Photographs,  written  historical 
data,  and  a  card  index  of  historic  buildings 
(whether  measured  or  not)   supplemented 


ritulo  hy  Roger  Stiirlcviin 


LOGGIA,  MISSION  SAN  JUAN   BALiriSTA 


to  a  prearranged  program.  The  respective 
destinations  were  Monterey;  the  Salinas 
Valley;  San  Juan  Bautista;  Sonoma  Coun- 
ty; and  the  Mother  Lode  District.  On  the 
completion  of  measurements,  which  were 
made  with  great  thoroughness  and  accur- 
acy, squads  returned  to  San  Francisco, 
where    drafting    was    done    on    standard 


these  drawings.   All  this  material  is  depos- 
ited in  the  Library  of  Congress. 

In  northern  California  there  exist  the 
architectural  relics  of  three  distinct  cul- 
tures; the  Spanish,  the  Russian,  and  the 
American  mining  period.  All  three  are  rep- 
resented among  the  ten  projects  which  have 
been  completed.    These,  with  :he  numbers 


THE  ARC  HITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    14    ► 


JUNE.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


of  drawn  sheets  and  of  photographs  com- 
prising each,  are  as  follows: 

Building  L 

Vallejo  Adobe  near  Petaluma 
Mission  San  Antonio  de  Padua    . 
Mission  San  Juan  Bautista  . 
House  of  Mexican  Period,  San  Juan 
San  Carlos  Church,  Monterey      . 
Jewish  Cemetery,  Sonera 
Miller's  House,  Knights  Ferry      . 
Small  Adobe  near  Petaluma 


au'ings 

Photograph 

9 

11 

17 

9 

38 

22 

3 

2 

28 

17 

4 

4 

.     3 

.     1 

3 

1 

most  all  parts  of  the  District.  Through  neg- 
lect and  alteration  this  architectural  herit- 
age is  rapidly  suffering  destruction  and 
change — in  some  cases  almost  while  the 
photographs  were  being  taken. 

It  is  anticipated  that  the  projects  listed 
above  will  in  the  near  future  be  supple- 
mented by  a  half  dozen  or  more  additional 
projects  made  possible  through  volunteer 


Photo  by  Roger  Sturtevant 


INTERIOR.  MISSION  SAN  JUAN  BAUTISTA 


Russian  Chapel.  Fort  Ross  . 

Grave  Stones,  Columbia  and  Sonora 


In  addition  to  the  above  indicated  photo- 
graphs supplementing  the  drawn  work, 
there  are  also  about  350  photographs  of 
buildings  of  which  measurements  could  not 
be  attempted.  These  constitute  a  valuable 
pictorial  record  of  historic  buildings  in  al- 


work  and  other  relief  organizations. 

From  this  work  of  District  No.  38  of  the 
Historic  American  Buildings  Survey  The 
Architect  and  Engineer  has  selected 
representative  drawings  and  photographs 
for  a  series  of  portfolios;  of  which  the  pres- 
ent one,  devoted  to  Mission  San  Juan  Bau- 
tista, is  the  first. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      15     ►       JUNE.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      ^      16     ^       JUNE,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      ^     17     ^       JUNE,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


r — ■   ■  ~.N. 

^:^^^■''^   ; 

'■ 

r--p 
■ 

THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      18    ^       JUNE,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      19     ^       JUNE,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


MODEL  OF  THREE  INTERESTING  HOMES  IN  SEACLIFF.  SAN  FRANCISCO 
Geo.  E.  McCrea,  Architect 


BUILDING  COSTS  SCANDALOUS 

John  M.  Keynes,  distinguished  British  economist,  has  this  to  say- 
about  the  building  situation  in  America: 

"The  high  level  of  building  costs  in  this  country  appears  to  be  scan- 
dalous, both  of  building  materials  and  of  direct  labor.  They  must  be 
more  than  50  per  cent  above  and  perhaps  double  ivhat  they  are  in  Eng- 
land. So  long  as  the  volume  of  work  remains  as  low  as  it  is  now  these 
high  costs  do  not  mean  high  incomes  to  producers.    Thus  no  one  benefits. 

"It  is  of  first  importance  for  the  Administration  to  take  ichatever  steps 
are  in  its  power  to  reduce  unit  costs  in  these  industries  against  an  under- 
taking to  increase  the  volume  of  business  sufficiently  to  maintain  and 
probably  to  increase  actual  earniwis." 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


■^t     20     ^       JUNE.  NINETEEN  THIRTY  FOUR 


CHAIN  STORE  OPPORTUNITIES 


by 

G.  A.  ANDERSON 


N  a  day  when  chain 
stores  are  flourishing  and  the  individual 
merchant  is  rather  hard  pressed,  it  should 
be  of  more  than  passing  interest  to  any 
young  architect  to  note  how  chain  stores 
are  organized  and  to  what  extent  is  the 
opportunity  for  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion in  this  particular  field. 

Tour  through  the  country,  walk  through 
their  stores,  note  the  lines  to  their  build- 
ings, and  outside  of  their  color  scheme,  one 
is  struck  with  the  amazing  similarity  of 
chain  stores  that  belong  to  the  various  price 
groups.  In  fact,  their  color  schemes  are 
their  most  striking  differences  and  also  one 
of  their  most  valuable  assets.  These  color 
schemes  have  been  assiduously  developed 
and  cultivated.  They  have  been  arrived  at 
after  very  careful  study  as  well  as  through 
the  method  of  trial  and  error.  Chain  stores 
wish  to  be  recognized  that  way. 

Most  of  the  larger  chain  stores  have  their 
own  architectural  departments,  located, 
generally,  at  their  head  offices  where  the 
plans  are  drawn  and  then  submitted  to  local 
bidders  for  figures.  Although  costs  are 
pretty  constant  all  over  the  country,  that  is, 
constant  from  an  estimating  viewpoint  at 
some  head  office,  due  allowance  must  be 
made  for  extreme  local  conditions,  and  a 
survey  at  the  very  beginning  as  to  the  pre- 
vailing  labor  and   material   prices  in   that 

Editor's    \ote— The    author    is    junior    constnuHion    engineer    for    Mont- 
gomery Ward  &  Co.,  Oakland,  California. 


locality  is  generally  worthwhile.  Most  of 
these  store  buildings  have  to  be  built  within 
a  fixed  appropriation.  These  appropria- 
tions must  be  met,  and  when  bidders  sub- 
mit figures  that  clearly  indicate  that  the 
cost  of  the  building  will  exceed  the  appro- 
priation, there  is  nothing  else  to  do  but  re- 
vise the  plans  to  meet  the  appropriation — 
all  of  which  could  have  been  avoided  with 
a  preliminary  survey. 

The  Architectural  Departments  of  the 
larger  chain  stores  are  well  organized  and 
highly  centralized.  It  must  be  so  in  order 
to  achieve  uniformity  of  design  as  well  as 
savings  through  quantity  buying — just  as 
they  must  accomplish  this  in  the  field  of 
merchandising. 

There  is,  therefore,  very  little  room  for 
any  individual  expression  on  the  part  of 
any  architect  or  draftsman.  A  building  must 
be  designed  to  meet  the  company's  ideas 
as  to  what  it  should  look  like. 

It  is  not  a  particularly  good  field  for  any 
architect  who  wishes  freedom  of  expres- 
sion or  an  opportunity  for  the  development 
of  any  bold  or  radical  design.  If  the  young 
architect  would  keep  this  in  mind  and  sub- 
ordinate any  innate  desire  for  self-expres- 
sion, his  work  will  be  more  appreciated  by 
his  employer. 

Let  us  at  this  juncture  say  something  of 
the  Real  Estate  Departments  of  such  con- 
cerns, as  their  activities  at  times  are  so 
closely  entwined  with  those  of  the  Archi- 
tectural Departments.    Generally  the  Real 


^   21   ► 


Estate  Department  is  a  separate  working 
body.  With  others,  the  two  are  combined; 
but  whatever  the  organization  chart  may 
show,  these  two  departments  must  func- 
tion very  closely  and  harmoniously. 

The  usual  procedure,  of  course,  is  for 
the  Real  Estate  Department  to  carry  out 
the  negotiations.  However,  this  is  done 
generally  on  the  basis  of  the  costs  submit- 
ted by  the  Architectural  Department.  It  is 
evident  that  the  governing  data  as  supplied 
by  the  Architectural  Department  must  play 
an  important  part.  Indeed,  this  preliminary 
price  estimate,  m  many  a  situation,  has  been 
the  deciding  factor  in  swinging  the  nego- 
tiations one  way  or  another. 

When  the  sale  of  a  certain  piece  of  prop- 
erty has  been  closed  or  a  leasi-  signed,  then 
it  is  that  the  Architectural  Department 
steps  into  the  picture  in  bolder  outline.  It 
is  now  their  function  to  design  a  store 
building  that  will  meet  the  set  standards 
and  requirements  of  the  company. 

An  oft-repeated  bit  of  advice  is  that  the 
Architectural  Department  should  be  ade- 
quately provided  with  all  local  and  state 
building  codes  and  ordinances.  However, 
there  always  seem  to  be  discrepancies  in 
design,  or  conflicts  with  local  codes,  which 
manage  somehow  to  escape  the  initial  at- 
tention oF  the  Architectural  Department. 
Some  are  trifling  and  can  easily  be  cor- 
rected. Others  are  of  major  importance, 
and  yet  they  are  neglected. 

With  many  an  Architecturdl  Department 
located  in  the  East,  the  Uniform  Building 
Code  on  the  Pacific  Coast  seems  to  hold 
special  terror.  The  concept  of  over  120 
cities  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  all  subscribing 
to  this  Code,  is  hard  to  put  over,  in  spite 
of   the    fact   that  copies   of   this   Uniform 


Code,  as  published  by  the  Pacific  Coast 
Building  Officials  Conference,  are  easily 
obtained  at  a  nominal  cost. 

This  Uniform  Building  Code  is  an  out- 
standing achievement  on  the  part  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  Building  Officials  Confer- 
ence. Following  the  lack  of  uniformity  ex- 
isting in  the  various  cities  and  state  build- 
ing codes,  <-his  group  of  men,  as  early  as 
1922,  took  upon  themselves  a  great  deal  of 
hard  work  .and  missionary  labor.  The  fact 
that  over  120  cities  on  the  Pacific  Coast 
have  adopted  the  Code  as  their  City  Code 
is  due  entirely  to  their  perse  verance  and 
unbiased  regard  for  local  requirements  for 
the  safe  regulation  of  building  construction. 
The  book  itself  is  compact,  although  over 
270  pages.  It  is  well  edited  and  it  covers 
very  ably  and  amply  the  building  field. 

In  the  State  of  California:  particular  em- 
phasis is  placed  on  knee  bracing  and  ade- 
quate design  to  meet  lateral  stress.  There 
are  earthquakes  in  California,  and  the 
earthquake  hazard  must  be  squarely  met. 
A  copy  of  the  latest  Uniform  Building 
Code,  as  well  as  all  state  and  local  regula- 
tions on  this  subject,  should  be  obtained  at 
the  very  start  of  any  store  building  design 
in  California.  When  full  recognition  of  this 
factor  is  not  taken  into  account,  a  city  engi- 
neer is  obliijed  to  reject  the  design  and  ask 
for  3  new  one  This  means  a  re-design, 
and  the  cost  of  making  it,  as  well  as  the  loss 
in  time,  could  have  been  easily  avoided. 

To  the  young  architect,  t.hen,  it  would 
be  well  for  him  to  consider  this  as  just  a 
sketch  of  chain  store  organization  and  some 
of  the  problems  that  confront  him  there. 
As  long  as  chain  store  sales  continue  to  ex- 
pand, the  opportunities  in  this  field  are 
bound  to  grow. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      "^     22     ►      JUNE,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


STRAY  LEAVES  FROM  A  SKETCH-BOOK 
IN  FRANCE 


GT. 


HE  self-centered. 

self-satisfied  citizen  of  tfie  "greatest  and 
most  glorious  country  in  the  world",  when 
he  strays  abroad  is  apt  to  be  surprised  in 
finding  that  "there  are  others"  and  also 
there  are  other  ways  of  living  than  life  in 


by 

NATHANIEL  BLAISDELL 

Architect 

narrow  ways  of  "Old  Paris"  is  a  constant 
delight  with  its  unstudied  grouping  of 
mansard  and  gambrel  roofs,  dormers,  oeil- 
de~boeuf  windows  blinking  among  the 
huge  chimney  stacks  in  great  variety, 
braces  and  wrought  anchors,  and  makes  a 
picture   of  every  vista. 

In   straying  about  provincial  and   rural 


an  automobile-radio  equipped.    In  France     France  the  skylines  and  vistas  are  just  as 
he  will  miss  the  bare  flag-poles  and  bent-     charming  in  towns  and  cities  that  are  beau- 


over,  wire-strung,  ra- 
dio mastlettes  that  or- 
nament the  tops  of  all 
buildings  at  home,  be 
they  never  so  humble, 
and  the  absence  of  bill- 
boards makes  him 
wonder  how  the 
Frenchman  knows 
what  and  where  to  buy 
or  how  far  to  walk  for 
a  cigarette. 

The  nearly  uniform 
height  of  the  build- 
ings on  the  boulevards 
of  Paris  is  soothing  to 
the  sight,  while  the 
varied    skyline    in    the 


tiful,  quaint  and  inter- 
':  esting,     with     nothing 

S '  ugly,     nothing     crude 

',  ^    S;-'     ■-',  nor      repelling.       The 

"^^^  W*^-,  countryside    seems    to 

exist  to  lead  one  on 
to  the  next  village,  its 
scenery  pure  and  un- 
defiled,  its  rural  pur- 
suits piquant  and  pic- 
turesque. 

Morlaix  offers  street 
effects  suited  to  the  ex- 
ploits of  a  D'Artagnan 
'  .     _    .  and  in   Saumur  build- 

K&im^LlL  .  ings  group  themselves 

as  if  set  for  an  operatic 

Time  is  Nothing  to  this  Cunning  Colombage  on        performance. 
the  House  of  Adam,  Angers,  circa   1325.  t^ 


^    23    ► 


Angers  has  a  gem  of  a  monument  to 
King  Rene',  standing  there  for  five  cen- 
turies. Around  the  sides  of  the  die  are 
quaint  and  naive  panels  celebrating  the 
high  spots  in  the  lives  of  the  princes  and 
princesses  of  the  Angevine  dynasty.  Rene' 
has  a  fairy-tale  sound  and  some  of  his  do- 
ings read  like  fairy-tales  and  while  the 
griefs  and  triumphs  of  his  successors  and 
their  wives  and  daughters  were  real  enough 
to  the  actors,  sculptor  David  of  Angers  has 
so  happily  depicted  them  that  at  this  late 
day  they  seem  like  doll's  play. 

The  House  of  Adam  still  exists  in  An- 
gers, perhaps  so-called  because  when  it 
was  built  in  the  early  14th  century  there 
was  in  the  little  place  in  front  of  it  a  statue 
of  Adam  and  Eve  between  two  plane  trees. 
However,  in  1714  it  did  come  into  its  own 
and    became    the    possession    of    Michel 


^r'"--' 


ymdJiL 


QUIET  CORNER  OF  A  QUAINT  COURTYARD 
IN  STRASBOURG 


THATCHED  ROOFS  WORN  AND  WARPED  BY  THE 
WEATHER  SERVE  WELL  IN  BRITTANY 

Adam.  The  house  is  a  choice  example  of 
half  timber  construction  properly  and  fit- 
tingly ornamented.  The  huge  corner-posts 
and  division  posts  are  embellished  at  the 
second  and  third  story  overhangs  with 
colombages  that  are  marvels  of  wood  carv- 
ing. The  one  on  the  right  of  the  portal  is 
of  a  bag-piper  carved  from  solid  oak  and  is 
a  fine  subject  for  a  sketch. 

Vannes,  a  small  city  in  Brittany,  has  a 
city  hall  that  might  serve  as  a  model  for 
Hotel  de  Villes  throughout  France  or 
America  either,  for  that  matter.  The  thick, 
heavy  doors  of  its  cathedral  are  hung  on 
hinges  boldly  but  beautifully  wrought  and 
look  equal  to  their  part;  the  iron  is  true  to 
its  forging  and  the  exquisite  craftsmanship 
recognizes  its  duty  and  does  it. 

Very  odd  are  the  tidal  harbors  of  Brit- 
tany with  doors  shut  and  boats  afloat  way 
up  in  the  air  inside  the  locks  while  just  be- 
low is  nothing  but  mud  and  a  few  puddles; 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    24    ► 


JUNE.  NINETEEN  THIRTV-FOUR 


A  DORMER  DOMINATING  THE  VALLEY  OF  THE 
LOIRE  AND  THE  CHATEAU  BLOIS 

— or,  as  at  Vannes.  a  steamer  high  and  dry 
on  a  mudbank,  steam  up  and  no  place  to 
go  until  the  tide  returns. 

In  Concarneau  the  fishing-boats  are  not 
lined  up  at  the  quais  in  rows  but  are  an- 
chored in  groups  out  in  the  harbor  where 
they  swing  with  the  tide  and  rub  noses  like 
a  happy  family  and  with  the  drying  nets, 
soft  -  tinted  in  pale  purple,  gray  green  or 
faint  russet,  —  hung  from  mast  and  poles 
beside  the  mast  and  from  the  tilted-up  bow- 
sprit,— tone  down  the  shores,  and  the  dis- 
tance through  them  is  enchanting. 

The  ramparts  and  towers  of  St.  Malo 
are  as  medieval  as  Carcassonne  and  as  well 
preserved.  The  Bretons  are  skilled  masons, 
they  dress  and  carve  the  native  stone, 
granite,  like  sandstone.  The  twin  spires  of 
the  cathedral  of  Quimper  are  like  lace,  as 
is  the  superb  fleche  of  the  Chapel  of  the 
Kreisker  at  St.  Pol  de  Leon;  —  and  if  the 
Palazzo  Pubblico's  tower  of  the  Mangia  at 
Siena  is,  as  Howells  says  "a  flight",  then 


the  tower  of  the  Kreisker  is  up-soaring  per- 
sonified. 

Throughout  Brittany,  buildings,  houses, 
cottages,  barns  and  even  sheds  are  of  well 
cut,  well  set  granite,  roofed  with  slate  yet 
often  thatched.  A  2  -  story  house  on  the 
main  street  of  Pont  Aven  has  a  thatched 
roof  that  compels  attention  and  admiration. 

One  beauty  spot  in  Touraine,  the  Cha- 
teau Country  and  the  paradise  of  France 
to  all  Frenchmen,  is  Blois.  Here  the  roofs 
are  steep  and  the  roofs  of  the  towers  steep- 
er and  all  roofs  of  slate.  Houses  are  apt 
to  be  of  two  or  more  periods  but  happily 
combined. 

In  Strasbourg  along  almost  any  street 
one  may  come  upon  an  archway  and  enter- 
ing may  find  a  courtyard  wide  and  spa- 
cious built  about  on  all  sides  with  vine  cov- 
ered   walls,    doors    and    inner    archways. 


J" 


A  VIGO-ROUS  CHIMNEY   (upper) 

BOLDLY'  AND  BEAUTIFULLY  WROUGHT  HINGES 

OF  THE  CATHEDRAL  DOORS  OF  VANNES 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^     25     ►      JUNE,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


-'i:'  ' 


MARSEILLES  HAS  ITS  GORE  CORNERS  AS  WELL 
AS  SAN  FRANCISCO 

shingle-tile  roofs,  dormers  and  corner  tow- 
ers in  charming  array,  and  maybe  a  kindly 
old  lady  may  bring  out  a  chair  for  the 
sketcher  and  with  difficulty  be  prevailed 
upon  to  accept  a  couple  of  francs  for  her 
courtesy.  If  Rembrandt  was  proud  of  his 
100  guilders  print  may  not  an  humble  fol- 


X 


■\  ^>^f#^; 


1  \  •'.  ' 


A  TOWER  THAT  HAS  BORNE  THE  ONSLAUGHT 
OF  MANY  AN  ENGLISH  SIEGE  AT  ST.  MALO 


lower    be    happy    with    his    200    centimes 
sketch? 

Tightly  closed  blinds  all  over  the  place 
make  Marseilles  seem  an  abandoned  town 
in  summertime  when  the  excessive  heat  and 
the  oppressive  glare  of  the  sun  drive  every- 
one behind  these  blinds  and  from  noon 
until  four  they  can  neither  see  nor  be  seen. 
It  is  said  there  is  considerable  abandon  in 
Marseilles. 

Audierne,  Concarneau,  Douarnenez; 
Carcassonne,  Avignon,  Tarascon, — are  as 
appealing  to  the  eye  as  their  names  are 
musical  to  the  ear. 

Not  the  least  interesting  effect  in  out- 
door sketching  is  the  interest  the  passers- 
by  have  in  the  effort.  In  Blois  a  score  of 
street  urchins  so  enveloped  the  worker  that 
he  could  not  glimpse  his  subject.  Asking 
them  to  get  out  of  his  way,  they  filed  up  in 
a  double  row  and  gave  him  a  narrow  alley 
to  peer  through.  Anyway  they  understood 
what  he  thought  was  French.  While 
sketching  the  bag-piper  of  Angers  half  a 
dozen  little  girls  chased  each  other  around 
the  bench  where  he  was  sitting,  bumped 
against  him  and  kicked  up  so  much  dust 
that  even  the  bag-piper  was  choked  or 
should  have  been. 

The  lion  of  the  Institute  of  France  was 
booked  at  the  request  of  the  wife  of  an  art- 
ist friend  who  lives  in  Paris  and  in  whose 
charming  home  the  sketcher  has  been  fre- 
quently and  royally  entertained,  all  from 
a  happening  of  some  years  ago  in  Granada 
when  he  seated  himself  at  a  table  of  the 
sidewalk  cafe  in  front  of  the  Washington 
Irving  Hotel  and  while  waiting  for  the 
order  to  be  brought  opened  his  book  to  add 
a  line  or  two  to  his  attempt  on  a  bit  of  the 
Alhambra.  A  gentleman  at  the  next  table 
begged  pardon  and  asked  to  see  the  book. 
He  proved  to  be  an  artist.  From  this  chance 
remark  and  unexpected  meeting  a  treasured 
friendship  has  developed. 

So  much  for  sketching! 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^     26     ^       JUNE.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


INSTITUTE  PRESIDENT  SAYS  PUBLIC  LACKS 
ARCHITECTURAL  KNOWLEDGE 


A 


_  _^  NATIONAL  pro- 
gram to  develop  "a  tremendous  field  of 
work"  for  architects,  one  of  the  groups 
hardest  hit  by  the  depression,  was  outlined 
by  Ernest  }.  Russell  of  St.  Louis,  president 
of  the  American  Institute  of  Architects,  in 
an  address  opening  the  sixty-sixth  conven- 
tion of  the  Institute  in  Washington  last 
month. 

Homes,  stores,  and  other  types  of  low 
cost  buildings,  which  will  be  built  by  the 
hundreds  of  thousands  in  the  next  few 
years,  provide  unparalleled  opportunity  for 
the  architectural  profession.  Mr.  Russell 
said.  The  nation,  he  declared,  must  be  edu- 
cated in  architectural  appreciation  so  that 
"the  art  and  practice  of  architecture  may 
be  taken  as  much  a  matter  of  course  in  this 
country  as  is  the  art  of  music  in  the  Latin 
countries." 

Mr.  Russell  reported  that  there  has  come 
about  within  a  few  months  a  greater  soli- 
darity and  a  better  understanding  among 
the  different  elements  composing  the  con- 
struction industry. 

"Regardless  of  the  future  of  the  NRA, 
the  foundation  has  been  laid  upon  which 
we  may  reasonably  expect  to  build  a  struc- 
ture that  will  reflect  the  importance  of  the 
construction  industry,  and  we  have  assur- 
ance that  the  benefits  will  be  permanent," 
he  continued. 


"Architects  have  demonstrated  their 
courage  under  the  most  adverse  circum- 
stances. We  can  solve  satisfactorily  our 
problems  even  though  they  may  seem  stu- 
pendous. A  revolution  has  taken  place  in 
many  phases  of  American  life.  Our  condi- 
tions parallel  those  of  others.  We  shall 
meet  these  changing  conditions  in  the  same 
spirit  that  we  have  exhibited  in  past  emer- 
gencies." 

The  architect's  compensation  today  does 
not  compare  favorably  with  that  of  a  cen- 
tury ago,  according  to  Mr.  Russell,  point- 
ing out  that  under  the  codes  it  is  possible 
to  eliminate  this  handicap  by  making  plain 
the  various  types  of  architectural  service 
so  that  the  architect's  charges  may  be  in- 
telligently fixed. 

There  is  a  very  general  feeling  that  the 
Institute  should  be  more  democratic,  Mr. 
Russell  said.  A  democratic  organization, 
he  asserted,  is  inevitable,  and  the  Institute 
must  determine  whether  it  is  to  become 
more  truly  representative  of  the  whole 
architectural  profession  or  whether  it  is  to 
be  an  "Academy",  thereby  encouraging  the 
creation  of  another  national  organization 
of  architects. 

"The  Institute,  as  the  national  organiza- 
tion of  the  profession,  has  been  praised,  and 
damned,  for  doing  too  much  or  too  little; 
for  leaning  too  strongly  toward  the  aes- 
thetic, and  for  going  too  far  afield  in  its 


^   27  ^ 


relation  to  the  construction  industry,  "  he 
added. 

National  understanding  of  architecture 
should  begin  in  the  high  schools,  and  be 
fostered  in  every  community  as  a  civic  en- 
terprise under  the  leadership  of  the  Insti- 
tute's sixty-seven  Chapters,  said  Mr.  Rus- 
sell. In  the  schools  of  architecture,  he  ex- 
plained, design  of  large  and  comparatively 
rare  types  of  buildings  is  emphasized,  al- 
though only  a  small  percentage  of  architec- 
tural students  are  inherently  capable  of  de- 
veloping the  genius  necessary  to  solve  the 
problems  of  design  which  are  involved. 

The  large  majority  of  the  students  he 
held,  can  easily  be  developed  into  able  men 
well  qualified  to  solve  satisfactorily  the 
average  building  problem.  This  he  consid- 
ered the  largest  field  of  all. 

"When  we  compare  the  total  amount  of 
building  construction  with  that  portion  of 
it  designed  by  architects,  we  realize  that 
something  is  wrong  with  the  architect,  or 
the  building  public,  or  both."  he  went  on. 
It  is  a  severe  indictment  of  the  architect 
that  he  does  so  small  a  percentage  of  the 
construction  work  of  the  average  individ- 
ual, such  as  homes,  stores,  and  many  other 
types  of  buildings  which  are  comparatively 
low  in  cost,  but  of  great  importance  to  the 
owner. 

"He  does  not  turn  instinctively  to  archi- 
tects to  solve  these  small  building  prob- 
lems, because  he  has  not  been  convinced 
that  they  are  interested,  or  that  they  can 
save  him  money  and  give  him  a  better  build- 
ing. It  is  largely  through  other  non-profes- 
sional groups  that  the  designing  needs  of 
the  small  client  are  supplied,  and  it  is  un- 
fortunate for  him  and  his  community  that 
this  is  the  case. 

"If  the  Institute  had  a  million  dollars  a 
year  to  spend  in  and  from  Washington,  it 


could  not  prevent  encroachments  by  others 
on  the  field  of  the  architect,  or  disregard  of 
the  architect  by  local  governments." 

Following  Mr.  Russell's  address  the  re- 
port of  the  Institute  Treasurer  was  pre- 
sented by  Edwin  Bergstrom  of  Los  Ange- 
les, and  the  report  of  the  Board  of  Direc- 
tors by  Secretary  Frank  C.  Balc^win  of 
Washington. 


The  convention  covered  a  period  of  three 
days,  during  which  the  problems  of  archi- 
tecture and  the  building  industry  were  dis- 
cussed. Public  works  legislation  was  the 
principal  topic  of  the  sessions. 

Meeting  simultaneously  in  Washington, 
the  Producers'  Council,  an  organization  of 
producers  and  manufacturers  of  building 
materials  and  equipment,  listened  to  a  stir- 
ring address  by  Alexander  B.  Trowbridge, 
president  of  the  Washington  Chapter  of 
the  American  Institute  of  Architects.  F.W. 
Morse  of  New  York,  made  his  annual  re- 
port as  president  of  the  Council.  Other 
reports  received  were  those  of  Treasurer 
A.  B.  Tibbets  of  New  York  and  Executive 
Secretary  H.  H.  Sherman  of  New  York. 
The  report  of  the  Council  to  the  Institute 
Board  of  Directors  was  made  by  William 
M.  Crano,  Jr.,  of  New  York,  and  of  the 
Structural  Service  Committee,  by  F.  Leo 
Smith  of  Washington. 

Housing,  activities  of  the  Construction 
League  of  the  United  States,  and  the  pub- 
lic buildings  program  came  up  for  discus- 
sion at  a  later  session.  The  Council's  an- 
nual dinner  was  addressed  by  Senator 
Robert  M.  La  Follette  on  "Public  Works 
Legislation,  "  and  Horace  Russell,  general 
counsel  of  the  Home  Owners  Loan  Cor- 
poration, on  'Home  Renovizing  and  Home 
Building  Plan." 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    28    ► 


JUNE,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


WINNERS  OF  LOS  ANGELES  MOUNTAIN 
CABIN  COMPETITION 


EVENTY-FIVE 

designs  were  submitted  in  the  recent  com- 
petition for  a  mountain  cabin,  conducted 
by  the  Architects  Building  Material  Exhi- 
bit of  Los  Angeles  for  the  Hammond  Lum- 
ber Company  of  that  city.  The  majority 
were  of  such  a  high  standard  of  design  and 
offered  such  interesting  solutions  to  the 
problem  set  forth  in  the  rules,  that  the  jury 
was  in  session  the  better  part  of  a  day  be- 
fore its  decision  was  made. 

The  entire  group  of  designs,  including 
the  prize  winners  and  honorable  mentions, 
have  been  placed  on  display  in  the  Archi- 
tects Building  Material  Exhibit,  Fifth  and 
Figueroa  Streets,  Los  Angeles,  where  they 
will  remain  until  September  first. 

The  jury  made  the  following  awards: 
First  prize,  $125.00  —  Samuel  E.  Lun- 
den,  architect 

Second  prize.  $50.00— Douglas  McLel- 
lan,  architect 

Third  prize,  $25.00 — C.  Roderick  Spen- 
cer, architect 

Honorable  mention:  Arthur  Hutchason, 
Irene  McFaul,  and  George  Adams 

The  jury  was  composed  of  Mrs.  Walter 
F.  Malone,  State  Chairman  of  American 
Home  Division  of  California  Federation  of 
Women's  Clubs;  Miss  M.  L.  Schmidt,  man- 
ager of  the  Architects  Building  Material 
Exhibit;  Sumner  M.  Spaulding,  Gordon  B. 
Kaufmann  and  H.  Roy  Kelley,  architects. 


The  report  of  the  jury  stated:  "In  award- 
ing the  prizes  for  the  architectural  competi- 
tion for  mountain  cabins,  our  decision  was 
based  upon  ingenuity  of  plan,  together  with 
architectural  correctness  and  the  possibil- 
ity of  construction  within  the  limitations  of 
price  as  set  out  in  the  program.  All  the 
designs  submitted  were  within  the  required 
area  but  many  were  too  elaborate  for  the 
amount  specified.  In  the  opinion  of  the 
jury,  mountains  within  eighty-five  miles  of 
Los  Angeles  do  not  have  a  snow  load  of 
sufficient  weight  to  make  a  steep  roof  nec- 
essary." 

THE  PROGRAM 

Problem — Mountain  Cabin 

At  a  mountain  resort,  eighty  miles  from  Los  Angeles,  a 
young  couple  plan  to  build  a  week  end  cabin,  as  a  place  to 
entertain  a  few  of  their  friends.  A  level  lot  60x150  feet, 
with  a  number  of  tall  pines  at  the  rear  has  been  selected. 
The  lot  faces  the  East  and  the  only  view  is  in  this  direction, 
which  faces  over  the  broad  valley  miles  away. 

Due  to  the  limited  financial  circumstances  of  this  young 
couple,  the  area  of  the  cabin  is  limited  to  900  square  feet. 
It  shall  contain  a  kitchen,  not  too  large,  with  cupboards  and 
storage  spaces,  a  small  bath  with  shower,  and  one  or  two 
small  bedrooms.    The  suggested  cost  is  not  to  exceed  $1500. 

Drawings  Required 

1.  Floor  plan  at  scale  of  H"  equals  one  foot. 

2.  Perspective  of  exterior  at  approximately  14"  scale. 

3.  A  smaller  Perspective  of  the  Fireplace  End  of  Living 
Room. 

Method  of  Presenting 

1.  All  drawings  shall  be  presented  in  black  and  white 
on  white  illustration  board  mount,  20"x30",  so  that 
all  drawings  may  be  hung  vertically. 

2.  The  following  title  shall  be  printed  in  a  1 '  2"  band  at 
bottom  of  drawing— A  Competition  by  the  Architects 
Building  Material  Exhibit  for  the  Hammond  Lumber 
Company. 

3.  The  building  shall  be  of  redwood  construction  with 
shake  or  shingle  roof. 

4.  The  name  of  the  competitor  shall  not  appear  on  the 
face  of  the  mount  but  shall  have  the  name  and  address 
afPxed  to  the  back  of  the  design  and  covered  with  a 
non-transparent  paper  over  the  information  thus  given. 


^    29    ► 


p    K  R.'>  P  K  (  T  INK   •  •  • 

or-  TiiK-  KAsr  •  lUKv.vnoN 


W'H  NT,\1\ 
(  '  A  IS  i  \  •  • 


A  MOUNTAIN  CABIN.     AWARDED  FIRST  PRIZE 

SAMUEL  E.  LUNDEN.  ARCHITECT 


tHE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      ^      30     ^      JUNE,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


A  MOUNTAIN  CABIN.     AWARDED  SECOND  PRIZE 
DOUGLAS  McLELLAN,  ARCHITECT 


:  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      3 1      ^       JUNE.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


71 


jnouafainu   Cabin^ 


A  MOUNTAIN  CABIN.     AWARDED  THIRD  PRIZE 
C.  RODERICK  SPENCER,  ARCHITECT 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


'^      32     ^^      JUNE.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


COFFEE  SHOP  AT  1 1 1   SUTTER  STREET,  SAN  FRANCISCO 
Wm.  Clement  Ambrose.  Architect 


HIGH  CEILING  STORE  CONVERTED  INTO 
PROFITABLE  COFFEE  SHOP 


Tc 


O  establish  another 
coffee  shop  in  the  already  well  supplied 
Montgomery  Street  district  of  San  Fran- 
cisco during  the  depths  of  1933  did  not 
seem,  to  some  critics,  to  be  good  business 
judgment. 

But  the  lessee  of  the  cigar  store  and  the 
manager  of  1  1 1  Sutter  Street  believed  that 


more  profitable  use  could  be  made  of  the 
high  ceiling  space  over  the  cigar  store  and 
over  an  adjoining  hallway,  so  they  called 
in  their  architect,  W.  C.  Ambrose,  who  de- 
veloped a  very  satisfactory  lay-out  for  the 
promotors.  The  ceiling  height  proved  to  be 
ample  for  a  mezzanine,  a  clever  little  stair 
was  provided  for  access  to  it,  and  in  a  few 
weeks  there  was  opened  one  of  the  most 
attractive  coffee  shops  in  the  city. 


^    33    ► 


Walls  of  light  colored  wood  were  given 
sparkle  by  polished  aluminum  mouldings, 
and    for    contrast    the    architect    specified 


•:Corfit      5hop-:. 

_-At 


_^W^  ClXftlKT   fcM5 


rC  D.UI1TXE- 

"u  u  u  u  ijUTOTinui-niJ 


h       cT"pcrP 


3  r^^ 


PLAN.  COFFEE  SHOP.  1 1 1  SUTTER  STREET. 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

Wm.  Clement  Ambrose.  Architect 


black  micarta  baseboards  and  table  tops. 
The  ventilation  was  designed  on  the  theory 
that  the  patrons  should  be  given  all  the 
fresh  air  they  could  stand  without  drafts, 
rather  than  for  minimum  requirements. 

Before  the  project  was  commenced,  care- 
ful studies  were  made  of  costs  of  operation 
and  minimum  daily  receipts  necessary  for 
success.  That  courage  and  careful  plan- 
ning are  rewarded  in  hard  times,  as  well 
as  in  good  times,  was  demonstrated  by  the 
fact  that  from  the  first  the  venture  was  suc- 
cessful, and  receipts  soon  more  than  dou- 
bled the  minimum  required  for  profitable 
operation. 


J'--^-  . 


,^"-^--- ~~ 


..M>-^.^' 


THE  LION  WITHOUT  THE  GATES  OF  THE  INSTITUTE 
DE  FRANCE.  PARIS 
See  Page  23 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^     34     ^      JUNE,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


A  CASE  PICTURE  OF  HOUSING  IN  A 
SLUMLESS  CITY 

by 

CARL  F.  GROMME 


OME  twenty  odd 
years  ago  the  San  Francisco  Housing  As- 
sociation was  formed  by  a  group  of  citi- 
zens of  San  Francisco  who  perceived  that 
conditions  closely  resembUng  the  worst 
kind  of  tenements  were  rapidly  multiplying 
in  various  parts  of  their  city.  Large  areas 
had  recently  been  burned  to  the  ground  in 
the  great  disaster  of  1906.  In  the  rush  of 
rebuilding  which  followed,  structures  with- 
out number  were  erected  which  violated  all 
rules  of  decent  housing.  The  members  of 
this  Association  set  themselves  to  the  task 
of  bringing  to  the  public  eye  the  fact  that 
these  conditions  were  existing  and  increas- 
ing. Many  corrections  were  instituted  and 
noteworthy  among  them  was  the  fostering 
of  the  new  tenement  house  law  which  was 
passed  by  the  State  Legislature  in  1911. 
This  law  is  now  superseded  by  the  State 
Housing  Act  of  California,  effective  Au- 
gust 1929. 

During  the  latter  months  of  the  year 
1933  the  San  Francisco  Housing  Associa- 
tion realized  that  the  program  of  the  pres- 
ent administration  in  Washington  as  re- 
gards housing,  particularly  slum  clearing 
and  low  cost  housing,  offered  an  opportun- 
ity for  someone  to  perform  a  great  service 
to  the  City  of  San  Francisco.  Since  little 
or    no    new    coordinated    data    regarding 


A  paper  read  at   the  Wf 
California,  Berkeley. 


nt.   University   of 


housing  conditions  was  available  this  As- 
sociation decided  to  begin  a  survey  of  the 
city,   particularly  those  parts  which  indi- 
cated that  the  degree  of  decrepitude  or  ob- 
solescence was  marked  and  in  which  people 
were     living     under     adverse     conditions. 
Valuable  Data  Destroyed 
There  is  an  area  lying  near  the  civic  cen- 
ter roughly  a  mile  wide  and  a  mile  and  a 
half   long   which  came  under   scrutiny  as 
being  a  fertile  field  for  investigations.    It  is 
here  that  the  recent  survey  work  has  been 
carried  out.    This  section  of  the  city  was 
spared  during  the  fire  of  1906,  Van  Ness 
Avenue  marking  the  western  limit  of  the 
fire  in  that  district.    So  here  are  buildings 
which  for  the  greater  part  cannot  be  de- 
scribed as  hurried  structures  built  to  take 
care  of   a   population   suddenly   homeless. 
Since  the  city  hall  was  completely  destroy- 
ed with  all  its  records,  we  have  little  or 
no  exact  information  as  to  the  true  dates 
of  the  origin  of  these  buildings.    From  var- 
ious owners  of  these  properties  we  find  that 
there  is  at  least  one  house  which  dates  from 
1868.   That  is  a  ripe  old  age  for  San  Fran- 
cisco.   Not  infrequently  we  find  1872  or  3 
given,  more  often  1886  or  8  while  perhaps 
the  greatest  numbers  can  claim  the  nine- 
ties as  the  period  of  their  origin. 

These  were  the  homes  of  many  of  the 
solid  citizens.  It  is  indeed  a  very  desirable 
part  of  the  city  to  live  in  for  it  is  close  to 
the  park,  readily  accessible  to  the  down- 


^    35^ 


town  districts  and  is  an  area  with  a  de- 
lightful climate,  having  relatively  little  fog 
or  wind.  The  popular  taste  expressed  by 
those  buildings  is  that  of  course  of  the  per- 
iod, the  jigsaw  creations  and  catalogue  or- 
namentations were  used  to  perhaps  no 
greater  extent  than  in  other  places.  Three 
very  predominant  characteristics  which 
hardly  anywhere  fail  to  make  themselves 
felt  are  the  universal  use  of  wood,  the  ubiq- 
uitous bay  window  and  the  flight  of  steps 
leading  to  the  level  of  the  front  door.  This 
last  condition  has  furnished  many  a  house 
with  a  more  or  less  high  basement  which 
has  subsequently  found  a  tenant  who  was 
not  particular  about  light  and  air.  Then, 
as  today,  it  was  the  street  facade  which 
made  a  brave  showing,  the  rear  having  no 
further  function  than  of  giving  a  wall  to 
keep  the  weather  out  or  to  hang  a  porch  on. 

As  inspection  of  almost  any  block  in  this 
square  mile  and  a  half  will  show  there  is 
scarcely  a  break  in  the  solid  ranks  of  fac- 
ades. This  however,  does  not  reveal  a  con- 
dition that  is  particularly  unique,  but  is 
the  characteristic  result  of  using  land  to  so- 
called  greatest  advantage,  whatever  the  at- 
tendant factors  may  have  been.  Here 
throughout  is  presented  an  exterior  picture 
of  structures  giving  a  story  of  shabby  gen- 
tility, of  having  seen  better  days,  and  many 
frankly  without  this.  During  the  course  of 
the  past  ten  years  there  have  been,  here 
and  there,  those  who  were  hardy  enough 
to  refurnish  the  interior  of  one  of  these 
houses,  or  add  a  coat  of  plaster  to  the  street 
front  in  the  fond  hope  that  distinction 
among  drab  neighbors  would  be  an  attrac- 
tion. That  there  are  those,  who  through  a 
lifetime  of  saving  have  acquired  a  home, 
express  a  pride  in  ownership  by  decent 
maintenance  is  not  to  be  denied.  They  are 
by  far  the  minority.  Throughout  all  this 
area  there  is  a  great  scattering  of  small 
shops  and  neighborhood  stores  each  almost 


inevitably  in  the  lowest  story  of  some  build- 
ing housing  one  or  more  families.  In  itself 
this  may  constitute  no  critcism  save  that 
under  the  conditions  this  usually  means  no 
free  space  whatever  on  the  lot. 

Too  Many  Court  Windows 

A  glance  at  the  building  arrangements 
in  this  area  will  reveal  at  once  that  the  pre- 
dominant shape  is  the  long  and  narrow. 
This  means  that,  save  in  the  corner  build- 
ings, no  rooms  get  a  free  exposure  except 
those  on  the  street  front  which  are  seldom 
more  than  two  in  number  per  floor,  and 
those  at  the  back  when  the  proximity  of 
another  building  or  porch  does  not  prevent. 
Courts  of  all  shapes  and  sizes  were  resort- 
ed to  to  give  that  modicum  of  light  and 
air  which  was  considered  as  adequate.  It 
is  safe  to  say  that  forty  percent  of  the  win- 
dows of  a  typical  block  open  onto  some 
court  or  light  shaft  which  is  more  than  like- 
ly long,  narrow  and  open  to  only  a  small 
patch  of  sky. 

In  general  the  city  blocks  here  measure 
two  hundred  and  seventy-five  feet  long  by 
four  hundred  and  twelve  feec  six  inches 
wide.  This  means  that  where  no  secondary 
street  cuts  the  block  in  two  halves  there 
is  an  area  of  two  and  six  tenths  acres  and 
where  such  a  secondary  street  occurs  the 
block  is  reduced  by  one  third  of  an  acre. 
On  these  rectangular  areas  there  have  been 
placed  from  twenty-eight  to  fifty  buildings 
intended  for  living  purposes,  the  average 
number  being  about  thirty-five.  It  is  sig- 
nificant that  where  a  block  is  rut  by  a  sec- 
ondary street  that  here  is  found  the  great- 
est congestion,  since  a  back  yard  facing  a 
street  offered  a  wonderful  opportunity  to 
add  another  house.  Yard  space,  evident- 
ly was  considered  a  rank  superfluity.  When 
the  actual  free  area  was  calculated  it  was 
revealed  that  as  little  as  from  nineteen  per- 
cent to  twenty-five  percent  was  devoted  to 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^     36      ^       JUNE.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


yards  and  courts.  This  inclusion  of  the 
courts  in  the  figuring  necessarily  favors  the 
situation  because  a  great  number  serving 
to  furnish  light  and  ventilation  do  not  in 
any  way  contribute  to  the  true  free  space 
in  the  group  at  large. 

A  recording  of  one  specific  block  which 
is  more  or  less  typical  of  the  conditions 
shows  the  following:  As  a  whole  seventy- 
nine  per  cent  of  the  ground  is  built  upon, 
but  of  the  forty-five  buildings,  all  of  which 
are  dwellings  of  one  type  or  another,  forty- 
nine  percent  occupy  over  eighty-five  per- 
cent of  the  lot  and  on  the  basis  of  the  per- 
sons now  living  there,  we  find  that  each 
could  be  said  to  have  an  allotment  of 
twenty-four  square  feet  of  open  space. 
Even  this  percentage  of  so  called  free  area 
is  so  inevitably  cut  up  into  small  units  by 
myriads  of  wooden  fences,  high  and  often 
rickety  with  never  a  hint  of  paint,  that  an- 
other name  should  be  coined  in  place  of 
free.  Here  and  there  a  small  attempt  at  gar- 
dening will  offer  a  relieving  note  among 
surroundings  chiefly  marked  bv  accumula- 
tions of  rubbish  of  all  sorts,  rusting  wrecks 
of  automobiles,  old  bedsteads,  trash  heaps 
or  at  best  simple  neglect. 

Sixty-Seven  Per  Cent  Rented  Homes 

An  analysis  of  the  ownerships  and  ten- 
ancy of  the  properties  on  three  blocks  taken 
from  this  section  at  random  shows  that 
eight  per  cent  have  the  owners  as  sole  oc- 
cupants. Twenty-five  per  cent  are  occu- 
pied by  the  owner  and  tenants  who  rent 
apartments  or  flats,  while  sixty-seven  per 
cent  are  rented  entirely;  indicating  clear- 
ly how  small  the  home  owning  group  actu- 
ally is.  For  the  most  part  it  is  the  rented 
buildings  which  show  the  greatest  degree 
of  decrepitude.  By  way  of  comparison  it 
was  found  that  forty-five  per  cent  of  all 
properties  are  owned  by  women,  thirty  per 
cent  by  men,  twenty-two  per  cent  by  men 


and  women  jointly,  and  three  percent  by 
companies  or  institutions. 

A  tabulation  of  the  actual  known  number 
of  persons  living  in  four  of  these  blocks  re- 
veals an  average  population  density  of  one 
hundred  and  sixty  people  per  acre,  the  low- 
est being  one  hundred  and  twenty,  the  high- 
est being  one  hundred  and  ninety-four. 
This  number  may  or  may  not  be  ordinarily 
significant  but  does  become  so  when  it  is 
seen  that  the  buildings  are  only  two  or 
three  stories  high.  If  the  total  number  of 
family  accommodations  were  utilized  this 
percentage  would  be  higher  for  between 
ten  and  fifteen  percent  are  vacant.  The 
number  of  persons  per  block  ranges  from 
three  hundred  and  fourteen  to  four  hundred 
and  fifty-eight  as  taken  from  the  four  men- 
tioned. Of  a  total  of  sixteen  hundred  per- 
sons one  hundred  and  eighty  are  children 
under  twelve  years  of  age. 

Although  San  Francisco  has  fairly  clear- 
ly defined  racial  districts  this  one,  except 
for  a  part  not  included  in  this  discussion, 
has  an  intermingling  of  all  races  with  white 
people  by  far  in  preponderance.  One  block 
which  has  four  hundred  and  fifty-eight  per- 
sons is  eight  percent  white,  eight  and  a  half 
percent  negro,  five  and  one-half  percent 
Mexican,  five  percent  Filipino  and  under 
one  percent  Japanese.  The  children  of 
racial  intermarriages  are  not  included  in 
the  figures. 

The  sixteen  hundred  persons  mentioned 
earlier  constitute  about  five  hundred  and 
ten  families  which  are  divided  approxi- 
mately as  follows:  forty  percent  one  per- 
son, twenty  percent  two  persons,  twenty 
percent  three  to  5  persons  with  the  balance 
in  families  of  six  and  over.  These  families 
are  housed  in  accommodations  of  various 
numbers  of  rooms  in  the  following  propor- 
tions: between  forty  and  fifty  percent  in 
one  room,  fifteen  and  twenty  percent  in  two 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      •^      37     ^       JUNE,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


rooms,  ten  and  fifteen  percent  in  three 
rooms  with  others  from  four  to  seven  rooms 
in  fairly  equal  rations.  A  check  up  of  the 
occupations  of  the  heads  of  the  families 
shows  no  preponderance  of  any  one  kind, 
the  variety  is  great.  In  the  same  building 
may  be  found  a  baker,  stevedore,  porter, 
machinist  and  a  clerk.  "C.W.A."  and  un- 
employed were  the  two  responses  to  the 
query  which  appear  more  repeatedly  than 
any  other. 

Average  Rental  4.60  Per  Room 

Over  an  area  of  four  blocks  that  are 
made  up  to  the  greatest  by  flats  and  apart- 
ments it  is  found  that  the  average  rental 
per  family  accommodation  is  twenty-eight 
dollars  and  eighty-five  cents  per  month 
with  the  rental  per  room  averaging  four 
dollars  and  sixty  cents.  These  figures  are 
based  on  the  rentals  stated  as  being  cur- 
rently collected,  when  collections  are  pos- 
sible. While  conclusive  information  is  not 
available,  tales  of  long  arrears  in  rent  pay- 
ment are  relatively  frequent.  Still  on  the 
basis  of  doubling  the  city  tax  assessment 
against  land  and  buildings  in  order  to  ar- 
rive at  a  probable  market  value,  the  income 
from  properties  in  a  congested  block 
amounts  to  a  return,  after  taxation,  of 
eight  and  a  half,  ten,  twelve  and  a  half, 
and  even  seventeen  percent.  The  greater 
part  of  the  houses  rely  upon  kerosene 
stoves  or  a  coal  range  in  the  kitchen  for 
heat.  Out  of  sixty-four,  two  have  steam 
heat,  four  have  gas  heaters  of  the  circulat- 
ing type,  ten  have  fireplaces  using  coal  or 
gas,  the  remainder  have  coal  ranges  or 
kerosene  stoves  or  nothing  at  all. 

No  sweeping  statement  that  these  houses 
are  uniformly  unfit  for  habitation  would  be 
true.  San  Francisco's  having  an  active  and 
efficient    department    of    public    health    is 


through  its  "Housing  Division  "  enforcing 
the  provisions  of  the  "Housing  Act"  and 
is  keeping  at  least  to  within  legal  limit 
conditions  which  would  otherwise  become 
intolerable.  The  fact  that  the  law  is  not 
retroactive  makes  the  situation  more  diffi- 
cult. That  there  are  many  undesirable 
buildings  will  be  illustrated  by  a  few  de- 
scriptions of  existing  conditions.  A  two 
flat  building  having  two  stories  and  a  base- 
ment has  in  it  twenty-one  people  who  live 
in  one  room  apartments,  so  called.  All 
cooking  is  done  on  a  gas  plate  in  the  one 
room  which  serves  as  living  and  bedroom. 
This  place  will,  in  some  cases,  be  tucked  in 
a  closet,  sometimes  not:  the  original  kitch- 
ens of  the  flats  furnish  now  the  community 
sinks.  There  are  three  toilets  for  the  use 
of  these  twenty-one  persons.  Another 
which  had  three  flats  originally,  now  houses 
twenty-four  persons  as  roomers,  the  plumb- 
ing consisting  of  one  bath  tub  and  two  toil- 
ets and  sinks.  One  six  room  flat  contain- 
ing a  family  of  three  adults  has  four  rooms 
so  dark  that  they  require  the  constant  use 
of  artificial  light.  A  few  excerpts  from  the 
reports  turned  in  read  as  follows:  house 
badly  dilapidated  with  a  leaking  roof,  a 
filthy  yard,  has  in  it  fourteen  adults  and 
two  children.  Another,  two  community 
kitchens  for  fifteen  people  living  in  a  twelve 
room  house.  Again  —  garbage  is  kept  in 
bathrooms,  removed  once  a  w^eek  One  old 
building,  the  first  story  of  which  is  used 
for  a  commercial  purpose  of  uncertain  kind, 
has  four  apartments  on  the  second  floor. 
A  narrow  stairway  leads  to  a  rickety  board- 
walk around  a  skylight  at  the  second  floor 
level  of  an  inside  court.  Each  apartment 
is  entered  solely  from  this  walkway.  At  the 
time  of  inspection  the  skylight  drain,  stop- 
ped up  by  refuse,  caused  rainwater  to  back 
into  the  dingy  apartments  via  the  gap  at 
the  door  sill. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      ^      38    ^      JUNE,  NINETEEN  THIR  TV-FOUR 


TERMITES  AND  TERMITE  CONTROL 


A^ 


SACRAMENTO 
correspondent  writes:  "Why  do  you  object 
to  the  use  of  arsenic  for  ground  treatments? 
What  do  you  recommend  instead  of  ar- 
senic? Please  give  us  all  information  as  to 
the  use  of  ground  poisons  for  keeping  out 
termites." 

A  San  Francisco  home  owner  says:  "I 
used  redwood  for  the  foundation  timbers  in 
mv  home.  I  now  find  the  redwood  badly 
eaten  by  termites.  I  was  told  that  termites 
would  not  eat  it  and  that  the  wood  will  not 
decay." 

Answering  the  first  inquiry:  The  Ter- 
mite Investigations  Committee  "recom- 
mends that  arsenical  preservatives  be  not 
used  in  the  treatment  of  wood,  wallboard, 
building  paper,  or  other  material  used  in 
dwellings  or  structures  accessible  to  man, 
or  in  or  on  soil  underneath  such  structures, 
as  a  treatment  against  termites.  The  ar- 
senic compounds  used  as  preservatives  are 
all  highly  toxic  to  man  and  also  present  a 
toxic  fume  hazard  in  case  of  fire.  Further- 
more, termites  and  their  burrows  are  uni- 
versally infested  by  fungi,  including  many 
common  molds.  Fungi  are  also  abundant 
in  the  soil  in  which  termites  live.  A  number 
of  these  fungi  turn  arsenical  compounds 
into  a  volatile  form,  which  diffuses  through 
the  air  and  slowly  poisons  persons  breath- 
ing it." 


by 

A.  A.  BROWN,  Consulting  Engineer 

Professor  Charles  A.  Kofoid,  writing 
under  date  of  May  10,  1934  says:  "Evi- 
dence accumulated  since  the  publication  of 
our  termite  book  shows  clearly  that  ter- 
mite burrows  are  regularly  and  freqently 
infested  by  molds  growing  m  the  immedi- 
ate wall  of  the  burrow,  some  of  which  later 
result  in  the  dry  rot  which  occurs  in  termite 
burrows,  especially  in  the  case  of  the  sub- 
terranean and  rotten-wood  termite.  Care- 
ful micro-chemical  tests  show  that  termites 
are  dependent  upon  these  molds  for  their 
proteins,  and  that  they  cannot  successfully 
live  upon  wood  without  fungi  therein. 

"The  number  of  fungi  which  convert  ar- 
senic in  its  various  forms  into  volatile  and 
highly  poisonous  arsine  is  considerable, 
and  investigation  tends  to  increase  our 
knowledge  of  the  number  of  fungi  known 
to  be  capable  of  producing  arsine.  Elec- 
trolysis attendant  upon  leaking  plumbing 
and  fire  may  also  produce  arsine  from  ar- 
senic treated  building  materials.  This  ar- 
sine can  be  detected  when  it  is  present  in 
some  quantity  by  its  garlic-like  odor.  This 
odor  pervades  the  testing  ground  where 
the  international  tests  are  being  made  at 
Panama,  in  which  certain  arsenic  -  treated 
materials  are  under  test. 

Arsenic  Not  Fatal  to  Fungi 

"Manufacturers  of  arsenic  preserva- 
tives have  m.aintained  that  the  arsenic 
treated  material  would  kill  the  termites  and 
therefore  the  fungi  would  not  be  introduc- 


^    39   ► 


ed.  This  is  biologically  wholly  incorrect. 
Termites  carry  the  spores  of  fungi  on  their 
bodies  and  in  their  pellets,  and  these  spores 
are  distributed  throughout  their  burrows. 
It  would  be  absolutely  certain  that  contact 
with  building  materials  treated  with  ar- 
senic, by  termites  visiting  their  surfaces 
would  amply  suffice  to  inoculate  the  mate- 
rial with  fungus  spores.  Fungi  use  the  ar- 
senic in  their  metabolism  and  the  by-prod- 
uct is  the  arsine." 

Earth-dwelling  termites  are  of  several 
different  types,  and  the  group  that  is  most 
economically  important  is  known  as  sub- 
terranean termites.  They  live  in  the  earth 
and  feed  upon  wood  placed  in  or  near  the 
ground.  They  are  widespread  and  respons- 
ible for  by  far  the  greater  part  of  the  dam- 
age done.  Ground  treatments  should  be 
considered  as  an  adjunct  to  proper  con- 
struction for  preventing  damage  by  subter- 
ranean termites. 

The  present  theory  of  ground  treatments 
involves  the  formation  of  a  soil  layer  im- 
pervious to  termites.  An  effective  treat- 
ment may  be  toxic,  distasteful,  or  repellent 
to  prevent  penetration  of  the  treated  layer 
of  soil  by  the  insects.  Such  a  layer  of  soil 
must  be  thick  enough  so  that  it  will  not  be 
broken  through  by  ordinary  disturbances 
or  by  the  attempts  of  termites  to  penetrate 
it;  in  fact,  the  thickness  of  the  soil  layer 
seems  to  be  of  more  importance  than  the 
percentage  of  poison  in  the  treating  solu- 
tion. Consequently,  large  quantities  of 
treating  solution  should  be  used  if  an  effec- 
tive ground  treatment  is  to  be  obtained. 
Ground  treatments  not  only  insulate  struc- 
ture to  be  protected  from  the  termites  deep 
in  the  soil,  but  they  poison  or  make  dis- 
tasteful the  small  scraps  of  wood  in  the 
upper  layers  of  soil. 

To  be  effective,  a  ground  treatment  must 
be  reasonably  permanent.  This  prohibits 
the  use  of  highly  volatile  chemicals.    Con- 


ditions found  under  the  maiority  of  houses 
investigated  show  that  the  ground  is  usu- 
ally dry,  and  this  allows  the  use  of  water- 
soluble  chemicals  with  a  reasonable  assur- 
ance of  permanence.  The  water  soluble 
treatments  should  last  indefinitely  if  there 
is  no  washing  out  of  the  ground  by  drain- 
age or  by  a  high  water  table.  Where  the 
ground  treatment  would  be  subject  to  leach- 
ing the  protective  layer  can  be  created  by 
using  a  crude  creosote  oil  where  the  color, 
oiliness,  and  odor  are  not  objectionable,  or 
where  these  properties  of  the  crude  creo- 
sote are  undesirable,  then  the  refined  prod- 
uct, marketed  under  a  trade  name  can  be 
used. 

The  Termite  Committee  has  found  that 
a  lOS  solution  of  Sodium  Fluorosilicate, 
Magnesium  Fluorosilicate,  copper  sulphate, 
or  Borax  will  prove  effective  provided  they 
are  used  generously.  The  thicker  the  pro- 
tective coating  of  treated  soil,  the  more 
lasting  will  be  the  results.  All  of  these  lat- 
ter materials,  except  the  creosote,  are  water 
soluble. 

Termites  and  Redwood 

Answering  question  number  two:  The 
Termite  Investigations  Committe  was  con- 
fronted with  the  fact  that  certain  pieces  of 
heart  redwood  had  resisted  decay  and  ter- 
mite attack  for  considerable  periods  of  time 
and  other  pieces  of  heart  redwood  had  a 
comparatively  short  service  life.  Under 
laboratory  conditions  there  was  a  wide  var- 
iation of  resistance  of  redwood  to  termite 
attack.  Commenting  upon  these  tests  Pro- 
fessor Charles  A.  Kofoid  says: 

"The  tests  indicate  a  varying  amplitude 
of  range  in  termite  resistance  within  each 
species  and  considerable  uniformity  within 
a  single  board.  Our  tests  show  that  the 
capacity  of  wood  to  resist  termite  attack 
was  in  general  the  greatest  in  those  blocks 
having  a  high  percentgae  of  extractive,  and 
lowest  in  those  blocks  containing  the  low 
percentages. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    40   ^ 


JUNE,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


"The  amount  of  extractive  in  any  species 
which  results  in  its  durability  is  not  the 
same  for  all  species.  The  hot-water-soluble 
extractive  in  redwood  has  been  found  to 
range  from  5.45  to  28.23  per  cent  of  the 
dry  weight  of  the  wood."  (See  Fig.  1.) 

These  tests  led  Professor  Kofoid  to  the 
following  conclusions: 

"(1)  Large  amounts  of  extractive  are  di- 
rectly correlated  with  a  high  death 
rate  of  termites,  lessened  excavation, 
more  termites  leaving  the  block,  and 
heavier  destruction  of  the  Protozoa. 

"(2)  The  smaller  amounts  of  extractive 
are  associated  with  lower  death  rate, 
more  excavation,  less  migration,  and 
little  if  any  destruction  of  the  Pro- 
tozoa. 

"(3)  Redwood  containing  hot-water  ex- 
tractive in  amounts  above  about  12 
per  cent  by  dry  weight  of  the  wood 
is  toxic  to  the  Protozoa  in  60  days 
or  less. 

"(4)  Redwood  containing  hot-water  ex- 
tractive in  amounts  below  about  12 
per  cent  is  not  lethal  to  the  Protozoa 
in  60  days. 

"(5)  These  differences  in  the  amounts  of 
the  extractive,  or  of  some  definite 
chemical  substance  or  substances  of 
the  wood  and  in  the  extractives,  may 
account  for  the  resistivity  of  redwood 
to  termite  attack  when  the  extractive 
is  abundant,  and  for  the  failure  to 
resist  when  it  is  not  abundant.  The 
line  of  separation  between  these  two 
conditions  probably  lies  near  12  per 
cent Presumably,  wood  con- 
taining not  less  than  12  per  cent  of 
extractive  is  adequately  termite  -  re- 
sistant when  and  so  long  as  it  con- 
tains this  amount  of  the  hot-water 
soluble  extractive." 


Sherrard*   and   Kurth  say.    "Studies  at 
the  Forest  Products  Laboratory  on  virgin 
redwood  have  demonstrated  a  clearly  de- 
fined variation  in  extractive  content  of  the 
heartwood  with   height  in   tree   and  with 
position  in  cross  section  of  the  trunk.  Simi- 
lar studies  on  young,  second-growth  red- 
wood have  revealed  that,  although  a  cor- 
responding  variation   in   the   extractive   is 
usually  perceptible,  the  tendency  is  toward 
a    more    uniform    distribution.     In    virgin- 
growth  trees  the  aqueous  extractive  is  high- 
est in   the   heartwood   adjoining    the   sap- 
wood  of  the  butt  and  decreases  toward  the 
center  of  the  cross  section.    In  the  outside 
heartwood  there  is  a  gradual  decrease  of 
extractive  with  increase  in  height  of  the 
tree;  at  the  center  it  increases  until  near 
the  top  a  point  is  reached  at  which  the  con- 
centration   is    almost    uniform    throughout 
the  cross  section  of  the  trunk.    Both  the 
cold-water  extract  and  the  hot-water  ex- 
tract  show  the   same  relative  distribution 
throughout  the  trunk,  although  the  values 
for  the  cold  water  extract  are  of  smaller 
magnitude.    Wherever  compression  wood 
is  encountered,  the  extractive  content  is  ab- 
normally low. 

"The  average  hot-water  extractive  con- 
tent of  seven  second-growth  redwood 
trees,  varying  in  age  from  45  to  64  years, 
was  found  for  sapwood  to  be  3.2  per  cent 
at  the  1-foot  height,  2.6  per  cent  at  the  35- 
foot  height,  and  2.8  per  cent  at  the  top  of 
the  trunk;  for  heartwood  the  values  12.3, 
10.1,  and  11.2  per  cent  were  obtained  for 
the  respective  heights. 

"The  distribution  of  extractive  in  virgin- 
growth  redwood  is  represented  graphically 
in  Fig.  1.  This  graph  presents  the  amounts 
of   hot-water   extractive   throughout   cross 

♦E.  C.  Sherrard,  Ph.  D..  Principal  Chemist  in  charge  of  section  of  De- 
rived Products.  Forest  Products  Laboratory,  Forest  Service  U.  i-  "«; 
patment  of  .Agriculture.  Madison,  Wisconsin:  E.  F.  Kurth  ^^,S  Jun.or 
Chemi.t  Forest  Products  Laboratory.  Forest  Service  U.  S.  Departrnent 
of  Agriculture.  Madison,  Wisconsin,  joint  authors  of  a  chapter  entitled 
•■Distribution  of  Extractive  in  Redwood,  Its  Relation  to  Durability,  to 
be  found  in  the  final  report  of  the  Termite  Investigations  Committee. 
•■Termites  and  Termite  Control'.  University  of  California  Press,  Profes- 
sor Charles  A.   Kofoid,    Editor-in-Chief. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^     41     ^       JUNE,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


sections  taken  from  six  heights  in  a  tree. 
The  amount  of  extractive  in  sapwood  as 
shown  by  the  points  at  the  extreme  left  is 
much  smaller  than  in  the  heartwood  imme- 
diately adjacent.  ...     It  appears,  therefore, 


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[NCHCS    FROM    OUTSIDE 

FIG.  1— DISTRIBUTION  OF  EXTRACTIVE  IN  RED 
WOOD.    CHART  BY  SHERRARD  AND  KURTH. 

that  the  durability  of  redwood  will  vary 
with  the  extractive  distribution;  the  most 
durable  redwood  should  be  the  heartwood 
of  the  butt  log  nearest  the  sapwood.  the 
susceptibility  to  decay  increasing  toward 
the  pith  of  the  tree  and  toward  the  top.  .  .  . 
The  durability  of  redwood  is  attributed  to 
the  nature  of  the  extractive  and  varies  with 
the  extractive  distribution." 


Redwood  100  Per  Cent  Destroyed 
The  termite  tests  made  upon  samples  of 
redwood  by  the  Forest  Products  Institute 
of  the  Union  of  South  Africa,  Pretoria, 
further  confirms  the  wide  variance  in  re- 
sisting termite  attack.  These  tests  were 
made  upon  samples  of  redwood  supplied 
by  the  Pacific  Lumber  Company  of  San 
Francisco  and  W.  F.  Johnstone  &  Com- 
pany. They  show  considerable  activity  of 
termites  in  the  interval  between  May  19, 
1931  and  October  13,  1933;  activity  in  all 
samples  of  redwood  ranges  from  20  per 
cent  destruction  to  100  per  cent.  (See 
Table  1  ) . 

Under  the  grading  rules  of  the  Califor- 
nia Redwood  Association  dated  March  26- 
1934,  when  sap  wood  is  eliminated  all  No. 
1  Heart  Common  may  be  marked  "Foun- 
dation" in  addition  to  the  No.  1  Heart 
Common  mark. 

The  redwood  lumber  interests  at  present 
segregate  the  heartwood  from  sapwood  in 
their  grading  rules  but  do  not  make  any 
distinction  between  the  heartwood  contain- 
ing large  percentages  of  the  natural  pre- 
servative and  that  containing  a  relatively 
small  percentage  The  Termite  Investiga- 
tions Committee  has  considered  the  use  of 

[Please  turn  to  Page  45,  Column  2] 


COMPLETE  DESTRUCTION  OF  REDWOOD  BY  TERMITES 
Pienaars  River  Experiment  No.  18  Started  May  19,  1931 

Materials:  Two  samples  (073A,  073B)  2"x2^4"xl8"  of  Sequoia  sempervirens  (redwood) 
supplied  by  Messrs.  W.  F.  Johnstone  &  Co.  Ltd.,  Ref.  1296  R8570.  October  13.  1930. 
Six  samples  (074A,  B,  C.  D,  E.  F)  2"x2"xl2"  of  redwood  supplied  by  The  Pacific 
Lumber  Co.,  San  Francisco. 

Position:     Buried  in  trench  6"  deep  6  feet  east  of  telephone  pole  No.  2  running  30  feet  east. 


Common 

Mark 

Inspect 

ons 

name 

9-12-31 

8-6-32 

1-3-33 

13-10-33 

Sequoia  .sempervirens 

Redwood 

073  A 

19-5-31 

5%  eaten 

Only  label  left 

do. 

do. 

073  B 

do. 

Groove 

90%  destroyed 

do. 

do. 

074  A 

do. 

Groove 

5°'o  ants 

I5O0  ants 

25%  ants 

do. 

do. 

074  B 

do. 

do. 

do. 

20%  ants 

20%  ants 

do. 

do. 

074  C 

do. 

do. 

do. 

20°o  ants 

25'J'o  ants 

do. 

do. 

074  D 

do. 

Rasp 

do. 

do. 

20%  ants 

do. 

do. 

074  E 

do. 

Groove 

10%  ants 

25°o  ants 

30°/^,  ants 

do. 

do. 

074  F 

do. 

do. 

15%  Ants 

30°  0  ants 

35°'o  ants 

THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^     42     ^       JUNE,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


RADICAL  CHANGE  IN  ARCHITECTURE 
PICTURED  FOR  NEXT  GENERATION 


T. 


by 

ALVO  R.  WILLMAN 

predict  its  thorough  appUcation  during  the 
next  building  era,  for  the  new  architecture 

.HE  "City  of  the     ^^^  ^^^^  developed  to  a  usable  stage  by 

Future"  was  depicted  in  a  twentieth  anni-  ^^^merican  schools  of  architecture  and  allied 
versary     exhibition     commemorating     the     influences. 

founding  of  the  School  of  Architecture  at  This  new  architecture  does  not  aim  to 

the  University  of  Washington,  in  an  inter-  blanket  several  styles,  such  as  Gothic,  Ren- 
esting  collection  of  contemporary  student  aissance,  and  Greek  on  buildings  similar 
work  in  the  Henry  gallery  on  the  Univer-     m  function  and  character,  but  to  express 


sity  campus. 

Steel,  glass,  and 
concrete — materials 
of  modern  construc- 
tion, are  aesthetical- 
ly blended  in  a  fu- 
ture architecture,  not 
completely  harmoni- 
ous with  the  much- 
debated  factory- 
type  International 
Style,  and  not  an  off- 
spring of  the  bizarre 
Chicago  Exposition. 

The  new  architec- 
ture will  conform  to 
and  flourish  in  a 
world  changed  by 
scientific  advance- 
ment and  social  re- 
organization. It  is 
considered     safe    to 


logically  these  es- 
sentials through  use 
of  appropriate  ma- 
terials assembled 
with  a  regard  for 
Classic  proportion. 

The  history  of  the 
School  of  Architec- 
ture at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Washington 
dates  from  1914, 
when  it  was  estab- 
lished through  the 
efforts  of  Dean  I.  M. 
Glen  of  the  College 
of  Fine  Arts.  Carl 
F.  Gould  was  de- 
partmental head 
when  the  school  was 
first  opened  in  a 
room    backstage    of 

S0PH0N40RE  PROBLEM,    'A  GEORGIAN  DOOR-      ^^  ^[^11    J^ter- 

WAY."  BY  ELMER  SANDERS  ^ 


^    43    ► 


ITj  ffl 


tt; 


H 


8     S     8     8 


-*)-, 


_     -•        1 


JUNIOR  PROBLEM,  "A  POST  OFFICE."  BY  ELMER  OMDAL 


JUNIOR  PROBLEM.     A  YACHT  CLUB."  BY  BJARNE  OLSON 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


«^    44    ►    J 


UNE,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


mittent  shiftings  have  finally  landed  the 
architecture  department  in  its  own  building 
where  it  early  won  membership  in  the 
Association  of  Collegiate  Schools  of  Archi- 
tecture and  acquired  full  recognition  as  a 
five-year  professional  school. 

The  teaching  system  followed  was  evolv- 
ed from  one  begun  in  the  time  of  Louis 
XIV,  adopted  by  the  Society  of  Beaux  Arts 
Architects  in  New  York  and  variously 
£>dapted  by  major  schools  of  architecture  in 
this  country.  Essentially  it  is  the  pro- 
gramme and  esquisse  system,  which  re- 
quires throughout  the  development  of  the 
problem,  adherence  to  an  original  general 
scheme,  the  "esquisse,"  created  by  the 
student,  without  research  or  assistance, 
from  a  programme  of  requirements.  Prob- 
lems generally  are  from  four  to  six  weeks 
long.  During  this  period  of  development, 
the  student  receives  personal  criticism 
from  his  critic  two  or  three  times  each  week. 
The  department  has  its  own  library  of 
architectural  volumes  and  valuable  plates, 
supplemented  by  a  growing  collection  of 
the  best  recent  publications  and  current 
periodicals  and  approximately  6000  slides. 

A  formal  banquet  in  the  Architecture 
Building  and  a  pre-view  in  the  Henry  art 
gallery  preceded  the  public  opening  of  the 
exhibition.  Professor  Harlan  Thomas,  head 
of  the  school,  represented  the  faculty  as 
toastmaster.  Robert  F.  McClelland,  Pres- 
ident of  the  Washington  State  Chapter  of 
the  American  Institute  of  Architects,  gave 
the  opening  address.  Carl  F,  Gould,  first 
head  of  the  department,  was  also  a  speaker. 
An  allegorical  opera,  "Downfall  of  Deca- 
dence," proved  a  fitting  climax  to  the  fes- 
tivities. 


SAN  JUAN  MISSION 

[Concluded  from  Page  12] 

The  upper  story  of  the  Zanetta  House 
which  was  the  home  of  the  inn-keeper,  An- 
gelo  Zanetta,  was  used  as  a  hall  where 
many  noted  gatherings  were  held,  the 
most  famous  being  a  meeting  in  1870  be- 
tween Stanford,  Crocker  and  Huntington 
and  the  citizens  of  San  Juan  wherein  the 
town  was  "blotted  off"  the  map  by  the 
extension  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railway 
leaving  San  Juan  "off  the  line". 

The  re-routing  of  the  Coast  Highway  in 
the  interest  of  progress  and  speed  has 
again  left  little  San  Juan  "off  the  line". 
However,  there  is  no  fear  that  it  will  not 
be  found  by  those  who  seek  charm  and 
beauty  of  old  places  or  by  those  who  re- 
spond to  the  gayety  and  color  of  its  fiestas 
and  pageants. 


TERMITES  AND  TERMITE  CONTROL 

[Concluded  from  Page  42] 

redwood  as  a  retardent  rather  than  a  meas- 
ure to  prevent  termite  damage,  largely  due 
to  the  fact  that  the  highest  quality  of  re- 
sistant heart  redwood  is  not  segregated 
from  other  heart  redwood  which  does  not 
have  the  resistant  qualities. 

The  tests  mentioned  above  provided  a 
rational  answer  to  the  wide  variations  in 
behavior  of  seemingly  similar  material  and 
led  these  investigators  to  the  conclusion 
that  heart-redwood  was  a  variable  product 
in  its  termite  and  decay  resisting  qualities 
and  therefore  should  be  purchased  under 
a  specification  subject  to  laboratory  ap- 
proval as  is  done  with  other  construction 
materials,  such  as  steel,  cement,  creosoted 
lumber,  etc.  With  the  aid  of  laboratory 
tests  it  should  be  possible  to  obtain  heart- 
redwood  of  a  durable  quality  containing 
high  percentages  of  the  hot-water-extrac- 
tive. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      "^      45     ►      JUNE,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Photo  Standard  Oil  Company 

MARIN  TOWER  (736  FEET  HIGH)   GOLDEN  GATE  BRIDGE 


F.  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      ^      46     ►       JUNE,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


PYLON  S   1,  FORT  POINT,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 
IN  THE  DISTANCE 


MARIN  TOWER 


GOLDEN  GATE  BRIDGE  FAST  REACHING 
SPECTACULAR  STAGE 


M 


_ORE  than   1,000 

men  have  been  employed  steadily  the  past 
month  on  the  construction  of  the  Golden 
Gate  Bridge.  This  army  of  v/orkers  was 
divided  between  actual  field  operation,  the 
quarries  that  are  supplying  crushed  rock 
and  gravel  for  the  project,  steel  and  rivet 
plants,  cement  manufacturing  plants,  steel 
fabricating  plants  and  the  transportation 
of  material. 

In  the  plant  of  the  Moore  Drydock  com- 
pany, on  Oakland  estuary,  three  shifts  of 


men  are  working  24  hours  a  day  to  keep 
up  with  the  demand  for  steel  fender  forms 
for  the  protective  fender  of  the  south  pier. 

The  first  construction  stage  of  concret- 
ing the  south  pier  fender  is  approximately 
30  per  cent  complete  with  eight  of  the  22 
fender  sections  concreted  to  a  point  40  feet 
below  sea  level  and  raised  above  the  sur- 
face in  steel  frames  extending  25  feet  above 
sea  level. 

The  Pacific  Bridge  company,  contractor 
for  the  pier  and  fenders,  is  ahead  of  sched- 
ule on  this  difficult  piece  of  work,  with  30,- 
000  tons  of  concrete,  or  more  than  half  as 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER       "^      47     ►       JUNE,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


much  as  the  entire  Marin  pier  embodies,  in 
place  and  furnishing  an  ample  support  to 
resist  the  strong  tidal  current  off  Fort 
Point. 

Similarly  work  on  the  Marina  approach 
road  is  progressing  rapidly  and  motorists 
driving  through  the  Presidio  may  now  see 
the  tremendous  steps  that  have  been  taken 
on  this  phase  of  the  bridge  construction. 

On  the  high  viaduct  of  this  approach 
concrete  bents  and  a  number  of  the  piers 
for  the  steel  spans  have  been  completed  at 
the  westerly  end.  An  additional  fund  of 
$200,000  has  been  alloted  by  the  Board  of 
Directors  of  the  Golden  Gate  Bridge  and 
Highway  District  to  speed  this  work  and 
at  the  same  time  provide  employment  for 
a  large  number  of  men. 

Riveting  of  the  Marin  tower  is  now  83 
per  cent  complete  and  the  first  field  coat  of 
paint  has  been  almost  entirely  applied.  The 
stainless  steel  portal  enclosures  for  the 
cross  struts  are  being  added. 

Total  steel  placed  in  the  tower  to  date 
amounts  to  over  20,000  tons. 

Work  on  Pylon  S-1 ,  fronting  Fort  Win- 
field  Scott,  is  continuing  with  the  contrac- 
tor building  forms  and  setting  reinforce- 
ment steel  for  that  portion  of  the  concrete 
which  will  imbed  the  anchorage  steel  mem- 
bers. 

Recent  bond  sales  at  a  favorable  price 
have  netted  the  district  ample  funds  to 
speed  construction  on  various  units  of  the 
project,  which  can  be  started  before  the 
spinning  of  the  cables. 


Three  quarters  of  a  million  dollars  has 
been  alloted  for  military  replacements  in 
the  Presidio  as  well  as  for  work  on  the 
anchorage  housing  at  Fort  Point  and  ap- 
proach structures. 

It  is  estimated  that  expenditures  for  the 
remainder  of  the  year  in  the  field  and  shops 
will  amount  to  nearly  $3,750,000. 

The  following  table  prepared  by  the  cost 
and  progress  division  of  the  Golden  Gate 
Bridge  and  Highway  District  as  of  April 
30,  will  furnish  a  graphic  idea  of  the  prog- 
ress of  the  Golden  Gate  Bridge,  showing 
the  percentages  of  completion  of  the  sev- 
eral units  of  the  structure. 

Anchorage  Steel    (both  sides  in  place)   84% 

Steel  Tower  (San  Francisco)   in  shops  36.2% 

Steel  Tower  (Marin)  in  place  95.6% 

Bridge  Wire,  Handrop;;  and  Fittings  in  shops  32.3% 

Pier  Excavations  (San  Francisco)  96% 

Fender  (San  Francisco)  in  place  1 .7°/o 

Pier  and  Caisson  (San  Francisco  18.7% 

Pier   (Marin)   Completed 

Excavation  (San  Francisco)  92.5% 

Anchorage   (San  Francisco)  Concrete  in  place  78.2% 

Cable  Housing  6  Tower  Footing,  S3,  S4  (S.F.)  Not 
started 

Pylon  S-I.  Concrete  in  place  74.25% 

Pylon  S-2  Not  started 

Approach  Span  Footings,  S7  and  S8  (San  Francisco) 
Not  Started 

Abutment   (San  Francisco)   Not  Started 

Seawall   (San  Francisco)  Completed 

Excavation   (Marin)   96.0% 

Anchorage   (Marin)  Concrete  in  place  82.2% 

Cable  Housing  and  Pylon  N-2   (Marin)  Not  Started 

Pylon  N-1    (Marin)  Concrete  in  place  90.0% 

Approach  Span  Footi-.gs  No.  2-10   (Marin)   Not  Started 

Abutment    (Marin)   Not  Started 

High  Viaduct,  Concrete  in  Place  4.21% 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      48     ^       JUNE,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


CONCRETE  SHELL  CONSTRUCTION  FOR 
MODERN  DAIRY  BARN 


F< 


OR  the  first  time 

in  this  country  the  Zeiss-Dywidag  System 
of  shell  roof  construction  is  used  on  a  farm 
building.  Brook  Hill  Farm  of  Genesee 
Depot,  Wisconsin,  in  cooperation  with 
Starline  Inc.,  of  Harvard,  111.,  used  this 
type  of  roof  construction  on  the  stable  por- 
tion of  a  $75,000  exhibition  building  at  the 
Chicago  World's  Fair.  A  herd  of  30  pure 
bred  Wisconsin  cows,  housed  in  the  stable, 
will  produce  certified  vitamin  D  milk  which 


which  require  a  large,  unobstructed  area  of 
floor  space. 

The  barn  has  an  overall  dimension  of  36 
ft.  X  72  ft.  Walls  are  made  of  8  in.  x  12  in. 
X  16  in.  Haydite  concrete  masonry  units. 
The  roof  consists  of  five  double-curved 
barrels.  Each  barrel  is  14  ft.  x  34  ft.  Stif- 
fening diaphragms  in  the  gables  and  edge 
beams  transfer  the  roof  load  from  the  shell 
to  the  supporting  walls. 
Forms 

Special  steel  forms  were  built  for  the  job 


the  public  will  see  as  it  passes  from  cow     and    may    be    used    repeatedly    in    similar 


to  bottle. 

The  Zeiss-Dywi- 
dag System  origi- 
nated in  Germany 
and  is  practical  for 
roofing  structures 
where  a  large  area 
of  unobstructed 
floor  space  is  re- 
quired. 

Designers  of  farm 
buildings  will  wel- 
come the  opportun- 
ity to  observe  this 
structure  and  judge 
the  merits  of  the 
system.  The  Zeiss- 
Dywidag  System 
can  be  adapted 
with  economy  to 
many     buildings 


UNDERSIDE   OF   FORMS,    SHOWING   CURVED 
STEEL  RIBS   RESTING   ON   CURVED   BEAMS- 
SHEATHING  BOARDS— AND  PLYWOOD 
SHEETS. 


buildings.  The 
forms  for  the  bar- 
rels are  supported 
by  a  series  of 
curved  steel  ribs 
with  tension  rods 
made  adjustable  by 
turn  buckles.  They 
were  spaced  3  ft.  6 
in.  apart  and  were 
fastened  at  their 
ends  to  a  curved 
steel  beam  running 
the  length  of  the 
barrel  section, 
which  was  required 
by  the  double  cur- 
vature of  the  bar- 
rels. Sheathing 
spaced  about  4  in. 
apart  was  laid  over 


^    49    ► 


the  steel  ribs.  Then  sheets  of  plywood  and  two  in  the  center  in  accordance  with 
were  laid  over  the  sheathing  and  securely  stress  requirements.  Concrete  was  placed 
fastened.  This  operation  completed  the  to  a  thickness  of  3  in.  One  day  after  plac- 
forms  for  three  barrels.  ing,  the  concrete  was  sealed  with  a  water- 
When  the  concrete  had  gained  sufficient  proofing  material  and  after  curing   for  4 


EXTERIOR  VIEW  OF  REAR  OR  LAKE  SIDE.     NOTE  STEEL  GABLE  FORMS. 
DOUBLE  CURVE  IS  PLAINLY  VISIBLE 


strength  the  forms  were  stripped  and  two 
sets  re-erected  for  the  remaining  barrels. 
By  this  procedure  it  is  possible  to  complete 
a  building  of  any  size  simply  by  shifting 
forms  to  other  sections  as  units  are  finished. 
Reinforcing  and  Concrete 
Steel  reinforcement  consisting  of  ^"-^" 
and  j/2"  bars,  was  placed,  3  layers  at  ends 


days  the  forms  were  removed  and  the  curv- 
ed reinforced  slab  became  self  supporting. 
A  coat  of  aluminum  paint  completed  rhe 
roof.  The  underside  was  painted  but  may 
be  left  natural. 

Because  this  building  is  to  be  used  only 
during  the  summer  months,  no  insulation 
was  used  other  than  the  Haydite  concrete 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      50     ^       JUNE.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


slab.  For  a  building  of  this  type  in  year 
'round  use  a  layer  of  insulation  should  be 
placed  over  the  forms  before  the  concrete 
is  poured.  The  natural  bond  between  con- 
crete and  board  insulation  will  hold  the  lat- 


substitutes  a  shell  structure  subjected  only 
to  direct  tensile  and  compressive  stresses 
for  beams,  frames  and  arches  which  must 
resist  bending  stresses  and  are,  therefore, 
limited  as  to  span  length.    The  thin  roof 


CLOSE-UP  OF  CONCRETE  PLACING.    NOTE  SPREADING  AND  VIBRATING, 
ALSO  BAR  REINFORCEMENTS 


ter  firmly  in  place.  Then  the  underside  of 
the  insulation  may  be  painted  or  white- 
washed. 

Economical  Design 
Shell  vaults  are  a  solution  to  the  problem 
of  economical  concrete  roof  construction  in 
buildings    having    wide    spans.     This    ad- 
vancement  in   reinforced   concrete   design 


cover  formerly  supported  on  rafters,  pur- 
lins and  heavy  trusses  becomes  self-sup- 
porting. 

Roberts  and  Schaefer,  engineers,  of  Chi- 
cago, in  cooperation  with  Starline  Inc.,  de- 
signed the  barn  section  of  the  building; 
Richard  Philipp  of  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin, 
was  the  architect. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^      51     ^      JUNE.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


^  Thesf  openings  are  omitted  in  front  wsll 
of  bu  1 1  ding  -  there  ivill  be  no  v^tndowi, 
therefore  cross  hatched  Section  will  bet 
part  of  the  solid  gables. 


TuANSVC-ffSE    Section 


Section  Of  TypiCAiENoFfiAMis  COables) 
WITH  VJiNOOwsfReAR  IVallJ 


SECTION  Of  Typical  End  Frai^c-s  COablbs) 

WITHOUT  IVlNDOWS  (FkOUTWaL  l) 


Dc-TAiL  SecTiON  Through  l/ALLer 

WORKING  DETAILS  OF  CONCRETE  SHELL  CONSTRUCTION 
FOR  DAIRY  BARN 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      52     ►       JUNE.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


THE  FIELD  AND  RILEY  ACTS  DEFINED 


E 


OLLOWING  the  Long 

Beach  earthquake  of  March,  last  year,  the 
Cahfornia  State  Legislature  passed  two 
laws  relating  to  the  design  and  construc- 
tion of  buildings,  known  as  the  Field  Act 
and  the  Riley  Act. 

The  Riley  Act  provides  that: 

( Section  1 . )  "Every  building  of  any 
character,  and  every  part  thereof 
which  is  hereafter  constructed  in  any 
part  of  the  State  of  Cahfornia,  except 
such  buildings  as  are  hereinafter  ex- 
pressly excepted  from  the  operation  of 
this  act,  shall  be  designed  and  con- 
structed to  resist  and  withstand  hori- 
zontal forces  from  any  direction  of  not 
less  than  either  two  (2)  per  cent  of 
the  total  vertical  design  load  or  twenty 
(20)  pounds  per  square  foot  wind 
pressure  on  the  vertical  projection  of 
the  exposed  surface,  the  horizontal 
force  used  to  be  the  one  that  produces 
the  greater  stresses  in  the  building." 
(Section  2.)  "For  the  purposes  of 
computing  the  resistance  of  any  build- 
ing to  such  horizontal  forces  the  com- 
puted stresses  resulting  from  the  com- 
bined vertical  forces  and  horizontal 
forces  shall  not  exceed  one  and  one- 
third  (1-1/3)  times  the  allowable 
working  stresses  as  hereinafter  pro- 
vided." 

This  act  provides  that  the  working 
stresses  shall  be  those  specified  in  the  build- 
ing ordinances  of  the  locality  where  the 


*A  paper  presented  before  the  San  Francisco  section  of  the 
American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers. 


by 

Erie  L.  Cope,  C.  E. 

building  is  to  be  constructed.  Two  classes 
of  buildings  outside  of  incorporated  cities 
are  exempted  —  those  not  intended  for 
human  occupancy  and  those  for  use  exclu- 
sively as  dwellings  for  not  more  than  two 
families.  The  enforcement  of  this  act  is 
placed  in  the  hands  of  the  city  and  county 
officers.  Anyone  who  constructs  a  build- 
ing not  meeting  the  requirements  of  the  act 
is  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor. 

The  Field  Act  relates  to  the  safety  of 
design  and  construction  of  public  school 
buildings.  Any  new  building  and,  when 
the  cost  exceeds  $1,000,  the  reconstruc- 
tion, alteration  or  additions  to  any  school 
building,  come  under  the  provisions  of  this 
act.  Supervision  of  construction  is  placed 
in  the  Division  of  Architecture  of  the  state. 
Plans  for  buildings  coming  under  this  act 
must  have  the  written  approval  of  the  Divi- 
sion of  Architecture  before  contracts  for 
construction  may  be  let  or  before  any  pub- 
lic money  may  be  legally  paid  for  such 
work.  Plans  for  such  work  may  only  be 
made  by  a  licensed  architect  or  by  a  struc- 
tural engineer  holding  a  certificate  to  use 
that  title  and  construction  must  be  under 
the  responsible  direction  of  such  architect 
or  structural  engineer. 

Applications  for  the  approval  of  plans 
must  be  accompanied  by  the  filing  fee.  This 
fee  is  ^  of  1  %  for  buildings  costing  up  to 
$250,000  and  Y^  oi  \%  for  amounts  in  ex- 
cess thereof,  with  a  minimum  fee  of  $50. 


^    53    ► 


The  Division  of  Architecture  is  given 
authority  to  make  such  rules  and  regula- 
tions as  to  it  may  seem  necessary  to  carry 
out  the  provisions  of  the  act. 

Any  person  who  violates  any  of  the 
provisions  of  the  act  is  guilty  of  a  felony. 
The  act  further  provides  for  inspection 
of  construction  and  for  reports  on  construc- 
tion by  the  architect  or  engineer,  the  in- 
spector and  the  contractor.  These  reports 
shall  be  verified  and  shall  set  forth  that, 
of  his  own  personal  knowledge,  the  work 
done  and  materials  used  are,  in  every  par- 
ticular, in  accordance  with  the  approved 
plans. 

Inspection  of  and  reports  on  the  struc- 
tural condition  of  existing  school  buildings 
by  the  Division  of  Architecture  are  pro- 
vided for.  Actual  cost  of  such  inspection 
and  report  is  to  be  paid  by  the  school  dis- 
trict except  that  this  fee  may  be  waived 
on  recommendation  of  the  State  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Instruction  when  the 
financial  condition  of  the  school  district  is 
not  such  as  to  permit  such  payment. 

The  act  was  passed  as  an  emergency  meas- 
ure and  became  effective  April  1 0, 1 933.  Our 
fellow  member,  Clarence  H.  Kromer,  prin- 
cipal structural  engineer  of  the  State  Divi- 
sion of  Architecture,  was  placed  in  charge 
of  approving   plans  and   supervising   con- 
struction of  school  buildings  and  he  was 
immediately  confronted  with  the  problem 
of  providing  rules  and  regulations  for  the 
administration  of  the  act.   The  engineering 
sections  of  the  proposed  "Uniform  Build- 
ing Code,  California  Edition",  sponsored 
by  the  State  Chamber  of  Commerce,  were 
adopted  as  Appendix  A,  Temporary  Reg- 
ulation No.  5  of  the  Division  of  Architec- 
ture.   This  regulation  covers  structural  de- 
sign, materials  and  details  of  construction 
and  is  the  work  of  the  Engineering  Code 
Committees  of  the  California  Sections  of 
the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers. 


The  committee  of  this  section  represents 
both  Northern  California  sections  and  is 
primarily  responsible  for  Appendix  A. 
Over  four  years  of  effort  was  put  into  the 
work  by  the  committee  which  consisted  of 
Messrs.  John  B.  Leonard,  chairman,  Henry 
D.  Dewell,  H.  }.  Brunnier,  L.  H.  Nishkian, 
Walter  L.  Huber,  C.  H.  Snyder,  Harold 
B.  Hammill,  and  C.  H.  Kromer.  Up  to  the 
time  of  his  death  Maurice  C.  Couchot  was 
also  a  very  active  member  of  the  commit- 
tee. 

The  code  committee  was  formed  to  draft 
a  building  code  that  would  assure  such  con- 
struction that  earthquake  insurance  rates 
would  be  reduced.  The  representatives  of 
the  insurance  companies  stated  that  the 
endeavor  should  be  to  provide  construc- 
tion that  would  keep  the  damage  to  build- 
ings within  the  10' ,  exemption  provided  in 
the  insurance  policies. 

The  code  was  intended  to  be  the  mini- 
mum requirement  for  all  parts  of  the  state 
and  those  communities  in  the  less  favored 
regions  where  earthquakes  are  more  fre- 
quent were  expected  to  adopt  more  rigid 
requirements  than  those  applying  to  the 
whole  state. 

There  are  two  points  of  difference  be- 
tween this  code.  Appendix  A,  and  the  or- 
dinary building  code.  First,  the  require- 
ment of  a  horizontal  force  proportional  to 
the  weight  of  the  building,  and  varying 
with  different  conditions,  when  such  force 
will  produce  greater  stresses  than  the  wind 
of  20#  per  square  foot.  This  is  also  a  pro- 
vision of  the  Riley  Act.  Second,  the  re- 
quirement that  the  different  members  of  a 
building  shall  resist  the  horizontal  forces 
in  proportion  to  their  rigidities.  These  are 
both  rational  requirements.  The  second 
requirement  that  the  more  rigid  resisting 
elements  of  the  building  transfer  the  great- 
er part  of  the  horizontal  force  causes  con- 
siderable trouble  when  attempting  to  re- 
construct  poorly   built   existing   buildings. 


>  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      54     ►       JUNE.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Estimator's  Guide 
Giving  Cost  of  Building  Materials,  Wage  Scale,  Etc. 

touch  with  these  firms  direct.  ^  ^-         r       •  i,  j 

Amounts  quoted  are  figuring  prices  and  are  made  up  from  average  quotations  furnished 
by  material  houses  to  three  leading   contracting   firms  of  San   hranc.sco. 

NOTE— Add  2i/2';o  Sale  Tax  on  all  materials  but  not  labor. _^^^______ 


All  prices  and  wages  quoted  are  for 
San  Francisco  and  the  Bay  District. 
There  may  be  slight  fluctuation  of 
prices  in  the  interior  and  southern 
part  of  the  state.  Freight  cartage,  at 
least,  must  be  added  in  figuring  coun- 
try work. 


Bond— 1%%   amount  of   contract. 


Brickwork — 

Common,  $35  to  %i«'  per  1000  laid, 
(according  to  class  of  work). 

Face,  $75  to  $90  per  1000  laid,  ac- 
cording to  class  of  work). 

Brick  Steps,  using  pressed  brick, 
$1.10  lin.  ft. 

Brick  Walls,  using  pressed  brick  on 
edge,  60c  sq.  ft.  (Foundations  ex- 
tra.) 

Brick  Veneer  on  frame  buildings, 
$.75   sq.  ft. 

Common,  f.  o.  b.  cars,  $15.00  job 
cartage. 

Face,  f.o.b.  cars,  ^46.00  to  $50.00'  per 
1000,  carload  lots. 

HOLLOW  TILE  FIREPROOFING  (f.o.b.  job) 

3x12x12  in $  84.00  per  M 

4x12x12  in 94.50  per  M 

6x12x12  in 126..00perM 

8x12x12  in.    225.00  per  M 

HOLLOW  BUILDING  TILE    (f.o.b.   job) 

carload   lots).  .„„.,„ 

8x12x5;a  $  94.50 

6x12x5  yi 73.50 

Discount  5%. 

Composition  Floors  —  ISc  to  35c  per 
sq.  ft.  In  large  quantities,  16c  per 
sq.  ft.  laid. 

Mosaic  Floors — 80c  per  sq.  ft. 

Dnraflex  Floor— 23c  to  30c  sq.  ft. 

Rubber  Tile— 50c  per  sq.  ft. 

Terazzo  Floors — 45c  to  60c  per  sq.  ft. 

Terazzo  Steps— $1.60  lin.  ft. 


Cement,  $2.25  per  bbl.  in  paper  sks. 
Cement   (f.o.b.)   Job.  S.F.)  $2.90  per 

bbl. 
Cement      (f.o.b.     Job,     Oak.)     $2.90 
per  bbl. 
Rebate    of    10    cents    bbl.    cash    in    15 
days. 

Medusa  "White"  $  8.50  per  bbl. 

Forms.  Labors  average  25.00  per  M 
Average   cost   of   concrete   in    place, 
exclusive  of  forms,  30c  per  cu.  ft. 
4-inch  concrete  basement 

floor 12y2C  to  14c  per  sq.  ft. 

4%  inch  Concrete  Basement 

floor  141/20  to  16c  per  sq.  ft. 

2-inch  rat-proofing-. ..ey2C  per  .-^.i.   11. 
Concrete  Steps  $1.25  per  lin.  ft. 


Concret*  Uork  (material  at  San  Fran- 
cisco bunkers)  —  Quotations  below 
2000  lbs.  to  the  ton.  $2.00  delivered. 

No.  3  rock,  at  bunkers $1.65  per  ton 

No.  4  rock,  at  bunkers 1.6'5  per  ton 

Elliott  top  gravel,  at  bnkrs.  1.75  per  ton 
Washed  gravel,  at  bunkrs  1.75  per  ton 
Eliott  top  gravel,  at  bnkrs.  1.75  per  ton 
City  gravel,  at  bunkers....  1.40  per  ton 

River  sand,  at  bunkers 1.50  per  ton 

Delivered    bank    sand 120cu.yd. 

Xote — Above  prices  are  subject  to  dis- 
count of  10c  per  ton  on  invoices  paid 
on  or  before  the  U5th  of  month,  fol- 
lowing delivery. 

SAND 

Del  Monte,  $1.75  to  $3.00  per  ton. 
Fan   Shell   Beach    (car    lots,   f.  o  b 

Lake  Majella),  $2.75  to   $4.00   per 

ton. 

The  Architect  and  Engineer.  June.  1^34 


lleatiiiiT — 

Average,   $1.90   per  sq.   ft.  ot  radia- 
tion, according  to  conditions. 


Dampproofing  and  Waterproofin!!:- 

Two-coat  work,  15c  per  yard. 
Membrane    waterproofing — 4    layers 

of  saturated  felt,  $4.00  per  square. 
Hot  coating  work,  $1.80  per  square. 
Meduca  Waterproofing,   15c   per   lb., 

San  Francisco  Warehouse. 


Electric  Wiring  —  $3.00  to  $9.00  per 
outlet  for   conduit   work    (including 
switches). 
Knob    and    tube    average    $2.25    to 

$5.00      per      outlet,      including 

switches. 


Elevators — 

Prices  vary  according  to  capacity, 
speed  and  type.  Consult  elevator 
companies.  Average  cost  of  in- 
stalling an  automatic  elevator  in 
four-story  building,  $2800;  direct 
automatic,  about  $2700. 


Excavation — 

Sand,  50  cents;  clay  or  shale,  SOc 
per  yard. 

Teams,  $10.00   per  day. 

Trucks,  $18  to  $25  per  day. 

Above  figures  are  an  average  with- 
out water.  Steam  shovel  work  in 
large  quantities,  less;  hard  ma- 
terial, such  as  rock,  will  run  con- 
siderably more. 


Iron — Cast    of    ornamental    iron,    cast 
iron,  etc.,  depends  on  designs. 


I.niiibor   (pricpo  delivered  to  bldg.  site) 
Common,  $40.00  per  M. 
Common  O.P.  select,  $42.00  per  M 
(average.) 

1x6  No.  3— Form    Lumber    $28.00  per  M 

1x4  No.  1  floorins;  VG  56.00  per  M 

1x4  No.  2    flooring    50.00  per  M 

1x4  No.  3  floorins; 38.00  per  M 

1x6  No.  2  flooring     52.00  per  M 

l'i4x4  and  6  No.  2  flooring  61.00  per  M 

Slash  grain — 

1x4  No.   2   flooring     $46.00  per  M 

1x4  No.  3  flooring  43.00  per  M 

No    1  common   run  T.   &  G 42.00  per  M 

Lath     6.00  per  M 

Shingles   (add  cartage  to  prices 
quoted)  — 

Redwood,  No.  1     $  1.00  per  bdle. 

Redwood,  No.  2     80  per  bdle. 

Red    Cedar    95  P"  b^le. 


Fire  Escapes— 

Ten-foot  balcony,  with  stairs, 
$75.00  per  balcony,  averagie. 

Glass  (consult  with  manufacturers)— 
Double   strength   window  glass,   15c 

per  square  foot. 
Quartz  Lite,  50c  per  square  foot. 

Plate  SOc  per  square  foot. 
Art,  $1.00  up  per  square  foot. 
Wire    (for  skylights),   3  5c   per   sq. 

foot. 
Obscure  glass,  26c  square  foot. 
Xote— Add  extra  for  setting. 


Clr.  Qtd.  Oak 
Sel.  Qtd.  Oak 
Clr.  Pla.  Oak 
Sel.  Pla.  Oak 
Clear  Maple 


120  M 
107  M 

10  ft. 


Hardwood  Flooring  (delivered  to 
building)— 

13-16x314"   T   &  G    Maple $120.00  M  ft. 

1    1-16x21,1"   T  &  G    Maple   132.00  M  ft. 

%x3lA    sq.   edge  Maple   -    140.00  M  ft. 

13-16x214"     %x2"     8-16x2" 
T&G  T&G       Sq.Ed. 

$200.00  M   $160.00  M   $1 
.   140.00  M      120.00  M      ' 
.   135.00  M      107.00  M 
120.00  M        88.00  M 
.   140.00  M      100.00  M 

Laying  &   Finishing     13c  ft.       11  ft. 

Wage— Floor  layers.  $7.50  per  day. 

Building  Paper— 

1  ply  per  1000  ft.  roll  $3.50 

2  ply  per  1000  ft.   roll  5.00 

3  ply   per  1000   ft.    roll 6.25 

Brownskin,   500  ft.  roll •  4..i0 

Pro-tect-o-mat.    1000  ft.   roll  12.00 

Sisalkraft,   500  ft.   roll ....-...- ■■6.00 

Sash  cord  com.  No.  7   $1.20  per  100  ft. 

Sash  cord  com.  No.   S  1.50  per  100  ft. 

Sash   cord  spot  No.   7   1.90  per  100  ft. 

Sash   cord  spot  No.   8 
Sash    weights 

Nails.    $3.50   base. 
Sash  weights,  $45  per  ton. 


25  per  100  ft. 
■on.    $50.00    ton 


w. 


Millwork —  ^ 

O.    p.    §100.00    per    1000.    R. 
S106.00  per  1000    (deivered). 
Double    hung    box    window    frames, 
average,  with  trim,  $6.50  and  up, 
each. 
Doors,  Including  trim   (single  panel. 
1%    in.    Oregon    pine)    $8.00    and 
up,  each. 
Doors,    including    trim    (five    panel, 
134  in.  Oregon  pine)   $6.50  each. 
Screen  doors,  14.00  each. 
Patent  screen  windows,  25c  a  sq.  ft. 
Cases  for  kitchen  pantries  seven  ft. 
high,  per  lineal  ft..   S6.50  each. 
Dining  room  cases,   $7.00   per  lin- 
eal foot. 
Labor— Rough  carpentry,  warehouse 
heavy     framing     (average), 
812.00   per  M. 
For  smaller  work  average,  $27.50 
to   $35.00  per   1000. 


55 


Marble— (See  Dealers) 

Fainting — 

Two-coat  work  29c  per  yard 

Three-coat  work  4'Oc  per  yard 

Cold  Water  Painting  10c  per  yard 

Whitewasliing  4c  per  yard 

Turpentine,  SOc  per  gal.,  in  cans  and 

Too  per  gal.  in  drums. 
Raw   Linseed   Oil— 80c  gal.   in   bbls. 
Boiled  Linseed  Oil — 85c  gal.  in  bbls. 
Medusa  Portland  Cement  Paint,  20c 
per  lb. 
Carter  or  Dutch  Boy  White  Lead  in 
Oil   (in  steel  kegs). 

Per  Lb. 

1  ton  lots,  lOO  lbs.  net  weight  10%c 

500  lb.  and  less  than  1  ton  lots  lie 

Less  than  iSflO  lb.  lots ll%c 

Dutch  Boy  Dry  Red  Lead  and 
Litharge  (in  steel  kegs). 
1  ton  lots,  100  lb.  kegs,  net  wt.  10%c 
500  lb.  and  less  than  1  ton  lots  lie 

Less  than  500  lb.  lots ll%c 

Red  Lead  in  Oil   (in  steel  kegs) 

1  ton  lots,  lOO  lb.  keg  s.net.  wt.  121/2C 
500  lb.  and  less  than  1  ton  lots  12%c 

Less  than  500  lb.  lots 13e 

Note — Accessibility    and    conditions 
cause  wide  variance  of  costs. 

Patent  Chimneys — 

6-inch $1.00  lineal  foot 

8-inch 1.50  lineal  foot 

10-inch 1.75  lineal  foot 

1'2-inch 2.00  lineal  foot 

Plastering— Interior- 
Yard 

1  coat,  brown   mortar  only,   wood   lath. ...$0.. 30 

2  coats     lime   mortar   hard   finish,   wood 
lath     60 


2  coats,  hard   wall   plaster,   wood   lath....$  .55 

3  coats,  metal    lath    and    plaster 1.20 

Keene    cement   on    metal    lath 1.25 

Ceilings  with  %  hot  roll  channels  metal 

lath     70 

Ceilings  with  %  hoi  roll  channels  metal 

lath   plastered   1.40 

Shingle  partition  %  channel  lath  1  side  .70 
Single  partition  %  channel  lath  2  sides 

2    inches   thick    2.70 

4-inch   double   partition   %   channel   lath 

2     sides    1.30 

4-inch  double   partition   %    channel  lath 

2    sides    iilastered    2.60 

Plastering — Exterior — 

Yard 
2    coats    cement    finish,    brick    or    con- 
crete   wall $  .90 

2  coats    Atlas    cement,    brick    or    con- 
crete   wall    1*15 

3  coati    cement    finish    No.     18    gauge 
wire    mesh    1.40 

3    coats    Medusa    finish    No.    18    gauge 

wire    mesh    1-75 

Wood    lath,    $5.50    per   1000. 

2.5-lb.    metal   lath    (dipped) 1" 

2.5-lb.   metal   lath    (galvanized) 20 

3.4-lb.   metal   lath    (dipped) .22 

3.4-lb.   metal   lath    (galvanized) 23 

%-inch  hot  roll  channels,   $72  per  ton. 
Finish    plaster.    $18.90    ton ;    in    paper    sacks. 
Dealer's   commission,   $1.00   oft   above 
Quotations. 

$13.85    (rebate  10c  sack). 
Lime,   f.o.b.   warehouse,   $2.26bbl.  :cars,  $2.15 
Lime,   bulk    (ton   2000   lbs.),   $16.00   ton. 
Wall  Board  5  ply.  $50.00  per  M. 
Hydrate   Lime.   $19.50   ton. 

Composition  Stucco— $1.35  to  $1.75  per 

sq.   yard    (applied). 

Plumbing — 

From  .?65.00  per  fixture  up,  ac- 
cording to  grade,  cjuantity  and 
runs. 

Roofing- 

"Standard"   tar  and   gravel,   $6.00 

per  sq.   for   3  0   sqs.   or  over. 
Less  than  30  sqs.   $6.50   per  sq. 
Tile,  $20.00  to  $t36.0O  per  square. 


Redwood  Shingles,  $11.00  per  square 

in  place. 
Cedar  Shingles,  $10  sq.  in  place. 
Recoat,   with    Gravel,    $3.00   per   sq. 
Slate,  from  $2i5.00!  to  $160.00   per  sq. 

laid,      according     to     color     and 

thickness. 
Sheet  -Hetal — 

Windows— Metal,  $2.00  a  s(i.  foot. 
Fire    doors    (average),    including 

hardware,  $2.00  per  sq.  ft. 

Skylights — 

Copper,  90c  sq.  ft.  (not  glazed). 
Galvanized    iron,    25c    sq.    ft.     (not 

glazed). 

Steel — Structural 

$100  ton  (erected),  this  quotation 
is  an  average  for  comparatively 
small  quantities.  Light  truss 
work  higher.  Plain  beams  and 
column   work   in   large   quantities 

$■80    to   i$'9iO   per    ton    cost   of    steel; 
average    building,    $89.00. 
Steel  Reinforcing — 

'$85.00  per  ton,  set,  (average). 

Stone — 

Granite,  average,  $6.60  cu.  foot  in 
place. 

Sandstone,  average  Blue,  $4.00, 
Boise,  f$3.00  sq.  ft.  in  place. 

Indiana  Limestone,  $2.80  per  sq.  ft. 

in  place. 

Store  Fronts — 

Copper  sash  bars  for  store  fronts, 
corner,  center  and  around  sides, 
will   average   7'5c   per   lineal   foot. 

Note — Consult  with  agents. 

Tile  —  Floor,  Wainscot,  Etc.  —  (See 

Dealers). 


SAN    FRANCISCO    BUILDING    TRADES   WAGE   SCALE   FOR    1933 

Established  by  The  Impartial  Wage  Board  November  9,  1932.    Elective  on  a'l  work  January  1,  1933,  to  remain  in  egect  until  June  30,  1933,  and  lor  to 
long  thereajter  as  ecoJiomic  conditions  remain  substantially  unchanged. 


skill 


CRAFT  Mech; 

Asbestor    Workers    $6.40 

Bricklayers     9.00 

Bricklayers'  Hodcarriers   5.60 

Cabinet   Workers   (Outside)    7.20 


8.00 
7.20» 
7.20 
7.20 
8.00 


Workers   (Open)  Water  Work 

Carpenters    

Cement    Finishers 

Cork    Insulation    Workers    

Electrical    Workers    

Electrical  Fixture  Hangers  7.00 

Elevator    Constructors    8.68 

Elevator    Constructors*    Helpers   6,08 

Eneinecrs,    Portable    and    Hoisting    8.00 

Glass  Workers  (All  Classifications)  6.80 

Hardwood   Floormen  7.20 

Houiemovers    6,40 

Housesmiths,    Architectural    Iron    (Out- 
side)        7.20 

Housesmiths,     Reinforced     Concrete,     or 

Rodmen     7.20 

'Established  by  Special  Board 


in  eight-hour  day  and  is  to  be  considered   as 
raft  knowledge   may  be   paid   in  excess  of  tl 
Journeyman  Journeyman 

CRAFT  Mechanics 

Iron   Workers    (Bridge  and  Structural)..     9.60 
Iron    Workers    (Hoisting    Enirinecrsl  10.00 

Laborers    (6-da>    week)  5.00 

Lathers,    Channil    Iron 
Lathers,    All    Other 
Marble   Setters 
Marble    Setters'    Heluers 
Millwrights    ... 

Mosaic  and  Terrazzo  Workers   (Outside) 
Mosaic  and   Terrazzo  Helpers 

Painters     

Painters,       Varnishers      and      Poiisners 

(Outside)     7.00 

Pile    Drivers    and   Wharf   Builders    $  8.00 

Pile    Drivers    Engineers    9.00 

Plasterers     8.80 

Plasterers*   Hodcarriers    6.00 

Plumbers    8.00 

Roofers    (All   classifications)    6.40 

Sheet  Metal   Workers  7.20 

Sprinkler    Fitters    9.00 

Steam   Fitters   8.00 


6.80 
8.00 
5.00 
7.20 
7.20 
5.00 
7.00 


lum    and   employees   of   superior 
ts  set  forth  herein. 

CRAFT  Journeyman 

Mechanics 

Stair  Builders  7.20* 

Stone  Cutters,  Soft  and  Granite  6.80 

Stone   Setters.  Soft   and   Granite   8.00 

Stone   Derrickmen   7.20 

Tile  Setters   8.00 

Tile   Setters*   Helpers   5.00 

Tile,  Cork  and  Rubber  7.20 

Welders,     Structural     Steel     Frame     on 

Buildings    9.68 

Welders,   All    Others  on    Buildings   8.00 

Auto  Truck  Drivers— Less  than  2,500  lbs.  5.50 
Auto      Truck      Drivers— 2,500      lbs.      to 

4,500    lbs 6.00 

Auto      Truck      Drivers— 4,500      lbs.      to 

6,500    lbs 6.50 

Auto  Truck  Drivers— 6,500  lbs.  and  over  7.00 

General  Teamsters,    1    Horse   5.50 

I  Teamsters,  2  Horses  6.00 

4    Horses   6.50 

Horses   6.50 

2   Horses   6.00 

4    Horses   6.00 


General  Teamsters, 
Plow  Teamsters.  4 
Scraper  Teamsters, 
Scraper  Teamsters, 


GENERAL    WORKING     CONDITIONS 


1.  Eight  hours  shall  constitute  a  day's  work 
for   all    crafts,    except   as    otherwise   noted. 

2.  Where  less  than  eight  hours  are  worked 
pro  rata  rates  for  such  shorter  period  shall 
be  paid. 

3.  Plasterers'  Hodcarriers,  Bricklayers'  Hod- 
carriers. Roofers'  Laborers  and  Engineers, 
Portable  and  Hoisting,  shall  start  15  min- 
utes before  other  workmen,  both  at  morn- 
ing and  at  noon. 

4.  Five  days,  consisting  of  not  more  than 
eight  hours  a  day,  on  Monday  to  Friday 
inclusive,    shall    constitute    a    week's   work. 

6.  The  wages  set  forth  herein  shall  be  con- 
sidered as  net  wages. 

6.  Except  as  noted  the  above  rates  of  pay  ap- 
ply only  to  work  performed  at  the  job 
site. 

7.  Transportati( 
five  cents  eg 
contractor. 

8.  Traveling  time  in  excess  of  one  and  one- 
half  hours  each  way  shall  be  paid  for  at 
straight  time  rates. 


9.  Overtime  shall  be  paid  as  follows:  For 
the  first  four  hours  after  the  first  eight 
hours,  time  and  one-half.  All  time  there- 
after shall  be  paid  double  time.  Satur- 
days (except  Laborers),  Sundays  and  Holi- 
days from  12  midnight  of  the  preceding 
day,  shall  be  paid  double  time.  Irrespec- 
tive of  starting  time,  overtime  for  Cement 
Finishers  shall  not  commence  until  after 
eight  hours  of  work. 

10.  On  Saturday  Laborers  shall  be  paid 
straight  time  for  an  eight-hour  day. 

11.  Where  two  shifts  are  worked  in  any 
twenty- four  hours,  shift  time  shall  be 
straight  time.  Where  three  shifts  are 
worked,  eight  hours'  pay  shall  be  paid 
for  seven  hours  on  the  second  and  third 
shifts. 

12.  All  work,  except  as  noted  in  paragraph 
13,  shall  be  performed  between  the  hours 
of  8  A.  M.   and  6  P.    M. 

13.  In  emergencies,  or  where  premises  cannot 
be    vacated     until     the    close    of    business. 


men  reporting  for  work  shall  work  at 
straight  time.  Any  work  performed  on 
such  jobs  after  midnight  shall  be  paid 
time  and  one-half  up  to  four  hours  of 
overtime  and  double  time  thereafter  (pro- 
vided, that  if  a  new  crew  is  employed  on 
Saturdays,  Sundays  or  Holidays  which  has 
not  worked  during  the  five  preceding  work- 
ing days,  such  crew  shall  be  paid  time 
and  one-half.  No  job  can  be  considered 
as  an  emergency  job  until  it  has  been 
registered  with  the  Industrial  Association 
and  a  determination  has  been  made  that 
the  job  falls  within  the  terms  of  this 
section). 

14.  Recognized  holidays  to  be:  New  Year's 
Day,  Decoration  Day,  Fourth  of  July, 
Labor  Day,  Admission  Day,  Thanksgiving 
Day,    Christmas   Day. 

15.  Men  ordered  to  report  for  work,  for 
whom  no  employment  is  provided  shall  be 
entitled  to   two    hours'  pay. 

16.  This  award  shall  be  effective  in  the  City 
and  County  of  San  Francisco. 


brackets   (   )  does  not  app'y   to    Carpenters.    Cabinet   Workers    (Outside),    Hardwood    Floormen,    Mill- 


56 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  June,  1934 


Practically  all  of  the  criticism  of  the  admin- 
istration of  the  law  may  be  traced  back  to 
this  requirement. 

Appendix  A  is  a  very  excellent  regula- 
tion for  the  construction  of  buildings,  rep- 
resenting as  it  does  the  best  thought  of  our 
best  structural  engineers.  It  is  very  com- 
prehensive and  in  detail  but,  of  course,  does 
not  cover  every  possible  question  that  can 
arise  in  regard  to  design,  materials  and  de- 
tails and  the  Division  of  Architecture  has 
found  it  necessary  to  adopt  additional  rul- 
ings amplifying  it.  To  assist  in  this  work 
the  Director  of  Public  Works  of  the  State, 
Mr.  Kelly  appointed  a  committee  of  six  en- 
gineers, three  from  San  Francisco  and  three 
from  Southern  California,  to  act  in  an  ad- 
visory capacity  to  the  Division  of  Archi- 
tecture. The  members  of  this  committee 
are  Walter  L.  Huber,  L.  H.  Nishkian  and 
Erie  L.  Cope  from  here  and  Professor  R.R. 
Martel,  David  H.  Merrill  and  Blaine  Noice 
from  Southern  California.  This  committee 
has  considered  approximately  fifty  ques- 
tions that  have  been  submitted  to  it  by  the 
Division  of  Architecture.  It  serves  without 
compensation. 

The  Attorney  General  has  given  George 
B.  McDougall,  State  Architect,  interpreta- 
tions of  several  parts  of  the  Act;  two  of 
the  most  important  ones  being  generally 
misunderstood. 

He  has  stated  that  there  cannot  be  two 
standards  of  safety  for  school  buildings. 
This  means  that  the  Division  of  Architec- 
ture must  apply  the  same  criteria  to  a  re- 
constructed building  as  to  a  new  building 
in  determining  its  safety.  This  is  a  reason- 
able interpretation. 

The  other  point  is  that  school  authori- 
ties are  legally  responsible  for  the  safety 
of  school  children.  It  is  not  the  Field  Act 
that  makes  them  responsible  for  this  safety 
but  certain  sections  of  the  School  Code. 
The  Field  Act  has  simply  brought  a  real- 
ization of  the  responsibility  for  safe  build- 
ings to  school  boards.  Any  school  author- 
ity that  would  require  school  children  to 
occupy   a   structure   known    to   be    unsafe 


should  certainly  be  held  responsible  and 
prosecuted  if  the  children  come  to  harm  by 
such  occupancy. 

In  approving  plans  for  safety  the  Divi- 
sion of  Architecture  assumes  a  responsibil- 
ity and  must  be  free  to  express  its  opinion 
regarding  the  methods  and  type  of  con- 
struction to  be  used. 

No  difficulty  is  encountered  in  designing 
new  buildings  under  the  Riley  Act  or  under 
the  Rules  and  Regulations  of  the  Division 
of  Architecturue  for  school  building  con- 
struction. It  is  when  we  try  to  bring  poorly 
designed  and  constructed  buildings  up  to 
the  standards  set  by  these  laws  that  we 
meet  many  difficult  problems.  Some  build- 
ings are  so  badly  designed  and  built  that 
it  is  not  feasible  to  reconstruct  them  to  safe 
standards. 

The  State  Division  of  Architecture  has 
no  power  to  condemn  buildings,  close  them 
nor  to  force  reconstruction.  Its  authority  is 
over  construction  for  which  it  is  respons- 
ible. In  preparing  plans  for  the  reconstruc- 
tion of  school  buildings  we  are  all  inclined 
to  blame  the  Division  of  Architecture  for 
its  rigid  enforcement  of  Appendix  A  when 
our  problem  would  be  greatly  simplified  if 
we  could  assume  that  a  smaller  wind  force 
could  be  used  on  wood  frame  buildings. 

The  effect  of  these  laws  will  be  to  pro- 
vide better  construction  in  all  buildings. 
The  engineers  and  architects  will  be  more 
careful,  particularly  in  smaller  buildings. 
The  contractors  and  workmen,  will  be 
forced  to  do  good  work  on  school  buildings, 
and  will  not  drop  back  to  the  old  standards 
on  other  work. 


LATERAL  RESISTANCE  OF 
HORIZONTAL  SHEATHING 


A.  L.  Brinckman,  engineer  in  the  office 
of  S.  P.  Koch,  Building  Inspector,  Berkeley, 
offers  for  comment  the  following  solution 
for  lateral  resistance  of  horizontal  sheath- 


ing: 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  June.  1934 


57 


NOTATION 

L  clear  length  of  stud,  in  feet. 

b  nominal  width  of  sheathing  boards,  in  inches. 

d  center  to  center  of  "outside"  set  of  nails— when  two  or  four  nails  per  board. 

d'  center  to  center  of  "inside"    set   of   nails — when  four  nails  per  board. 

d"  center  to  center  of  "center"   set  of  nails — when  six  nails  per  board. 

n  number  of  boards  in  length  L;  also  equals  number  of  couples  of  arm  d,  d',  d" 

N  number  of  nails  per  board.    (Note:  when  3  or  5  or  7  nails  per  board,  N=ne.xt  lowest  even*  ) 

h  lateral  resistance,  in  "  #,  of  all  couples  of  arm   d_     in   one   stud. 

h'  lateral  resistance,  in  "  #,  of  all  couples  of  arm  d  '    in  one  stud. 

h"  lateral  resistance,  in  "  #,  of  all  couples  of  arm    d  "    in   one   stud. 

c  lateral    resistance    couple,    in    "  #,    of    one  couple    of    arm    d. 

c'  lateral    resistance    couple,    in    "  #,    of    one  couple    of    arm    d\ 

c"  lateral    resistance    couple,    in    "  ^,    of    one  couple    of    arm    d". 

p  shearing  or  holding   pofer  of  one  nail. 

e  increase    factor    allowable    for    EQK    or   wind  resistance  members,  4/3. 

B  gross  length  of  wall. 

O  gross  length  of  all  openings  in  wall. 

B'  net  length  of  solid  wall. 

S  number  of  studs  in  length  B'. 

H  Total  lateral  resistance  of  wall  B'. 

V  Total   vertical   e.xternal    force   required    for  equilibrium. 

HL  External    horizontal    force-couple,    in    '  :^. 

VL  External   vertical    force-couple,   in   '  #. 

K  a  constant  as  per  formula  and  table  below. 

A  a  variable=(3B'+4) 

FORMULAE 

d=(b-2)  d'   @  (4   nails  only)  =  (d)/2                d"  @  (b  nails)  — (d)/3 

(all   cases)  d'   @  (6  nails  only)  =  (2d)/3 

n=L(T2)/b  c=pd             c=pd-      '       c"=pd"             S=(V^)x(3B'+4)=.A/4 

n    LU^V  ^J^^             ^,J^^.              ^„^^^„             B'=(B-0) 

(HL)  X  (12)=hSe 

(St)  X  (l2)=:(h'+h'+h')Se  H  =(L)x(12)  xpdexK  (3B'+4)^K(A)^^ 

K  =(pd)/3b  H'^(L)x(12)  X  (p)x(d'+d')  exK^(^3BV4^)^^K'(A     ) 

K'-(od)/2b  H"=(L)x(12)  X  (p)x(d+d'+d")exi4  (3B'+4)=K"(A) 

K— \pd)//D  ^  (L)x(12) 

K"=2(pd)/3b 
A  =(3B'+4) 

VALUES   OF   K,  K' and  K"  FOR 
VARYING   VALUES  OF  b  &  N. 

N=2  or  3    N=4  or  5    N=6  or  7 

P         b    d    K    d    d'  K'    d     d'     d"    K"  ^^T^w,. 

^         4    2   11  K=(pd)/3b 

6    4   14    4    2  21   — K'=(pd)/2b 

,^^#        o    6   16    6    3   24     K"=2)  pd)/3b 

<'^'       10    8   17    8    4   26   "-8   16/3    8/3   34  -2(k) 

12   10   18   10    5   27   10   20/3   10/3 

6    4   20    4 2 30'   d=(b-2) 

(Tot&  8  6       22  6         3       33 in  all  cases. 

^^'^^  10         8       23         8         4       35         8       16/3         8/3       46 

12        10       24       10         5       36       10       20/3       10/3       48 

Example:      B=30'      0=6'      B'=24'      b=8"     p=88#    (lOd)      N=2 
H=KA=.(22)  X  (3x24+4)  =  l,672#. 

The  Architect  and  Engineer,  June.  1934 
58 


«    «   «   « 


With  the  Architects  »  »   »  » 


ALAMEDA  COUNTY  COURT  HOUSE 
Plans  will  soon  be  under  way  for  the  new  Ala- 
meda County  court  house  for  which  funds  are 
available  from  a  bond  issue  recently  voted.  The 
new  building  will  be  located  at  12th  and  Oak 
Streets,  and  will  replace  the  antiquated  court 
house  and  hall  of  records  at  the  foot  of  Broadway. 
Offices  have  been  opened  in  the  Bank  of  America 
Building  for  the  preparation  of  plans  and  speci- 
fications. The  architects  are  W.  G.  Corlett,  H.  A. 
Minton,  Carl  Werner,  J.  W.  Plachek  and  W.  E. 
Schirmer. 


ARCHITECTS'  WORK  DISPLAYED 
A  number  of  San  Francisco  architects  have 
drawings  of  their  work  on  display  at  the  City  of 
Paris  Department  Store,  San  Francisco,  the  idea 
being  to  better  acquaint  the  public  with  the  serv- 
ices of  an  architect.  One-man  exhibitions  are  also 
being  held  from  week  to  week  at  the  Building 
Materials  Exhibit,  557  Market  Street. 


ENGINEER  BUSY 
L.  H.  Nishkian,  525  Market  Street,  San 
Francisco,  reports  considerable  new  work  in  his 
office,  including  the  engineering  plans  for  a  two 
story  reinforced  concrete  theater,  store  and  office 
building  at  Redding;  a  bank  building  for  the  Bank 
of  America  at  Nevada  City;  structural  changes 
to  the  Lowell  High  School,  San  Francisco,  and 
structural  repairs  to  the  Excelsior  Elementary 
School,  San  Francisco.  Mr.  Nishkian  also  has 
prepared  plans  for  alterations  to  the  building  at 
Brannan  and  Rich  Streets.  San  Francisco,  for 
George  E.  Bennett. 


SOUTHERN  PACIFIC  IMPROVEMENTS 

The  Southern  Pacific  Company  will  build  addi- 
tions to  its  San  Francisco  warehouse,  4th  and 
Channel  Streets,  and  to  its  commissary  building 
at  5th  and  Poplar  Streets,  Oakland.  Both  struc- 
tures will  be  of  concrete  and  brick  and  will  cover 
approximate  areas  of  80x175  feet 


CLAREMONT  RESIDENCE 
Plans  are  being  completed  in  the  office  of  F. 
Eugene  Barton,  Crocker  Building.  San  Francisco, 
for  a  two  story  Mediterranean  style  residence  to 
be  built  facing  The  Uplands,  Berkeley,  for  J.  F. 
Shuman  of  Shuman  &  Clark,  attorneys,  Crocker 
Building,  San  Francisco.  There  will  also  be  a 
single  span,  concrete  bridge  leading  to  the  house 
approach.  The  house  itself  will  have  ten  rooms, 
six  baths  and  a  two  car  garage.  Approximately 
$40,000  will  be  expended. 


ARCHITECTS  RESIGN  MEMBERSHIP 
Lewis  P.  Hobart,  president  of  the  San  Fran- 
cisco Art  Commission,  and  John  Bakewell,  Jr., 
have  resigned  as  members  of  the  Commission  so 
as  to  permit  their  appointment  as  architects  in 
connection  with  the  new  $3,000,000  school  build- 
ing program,  which  is  about  to  go  forward. 


NEW  FEDERAL  BANK  QUARTERS 
The  Federal  Land  Bank  of  Berkeley  is  to  have 
new  office  quarters  in  the  eight  story  loft  building 
at  15th  and  Clay  Streets,  Oakland.  Plans  for  the 
work  which  involves  an  expenditure  of  $100,000 
or  more,  were  prepared  by  James  W.  Plachek  of 
Berkeley. 


SCHOOL  ARCHITECTS  NAMED 
Architects  to  be  associated  in  designs  for  four 
new  schools,  provided  for  in  the  San  Francisco 
$3,000,000  school  bond  issue,  have  been  named  by 
Director  of  Public  Works  W.  H.  Worden,  as 
follows: 

Marine  Junior  High  School,  $700,000— George 
W.  Kelham,  William  P.  Day  and  John  Bakewell 

Glen  Park  Elementary  School.  $240,000— Louis 
P.  Hobart,  Bliss  &  Fairweather. 

Lawton  Elementary  School.  $160,000— Dodge 
A.  Reidy  and  Charles  E.  J.  Rogers. 

Visitacion  Valley  Elementary  School.  $175,000 
— Hyman  &  Appleton  and  G.  Albert  Lansburgh. 


WOODRIDGE  SCHOOL 
To  replace  the  school  building  destroyed  by 
fire  last  winter,  a  two  story  brick  structure  is  to 
be  erected  at  Woodbridge,  near  Lodi,  from  plans 
by  Harry  J.  Devine.  architect  of  Sacramento. 
There  will  be  six  classrooms. 


HUNTINGTON  BEACH  SCHOOL 
Plans  have  been  completed  by  Allison  and  Alli- 
son, architects  of  Los  Angeles,  for  a  $250,000  steel 
frame  and  concrete  elementary  school  building  at 
Huntington  BeaA  for  the  City  of  Los  Angeles. 
There  will  be  thirty-one  classrooms  and  an  audi- 
torium. 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  ]une,  1934 


DOUGLAS  D.  STONE  BUSY 
New  work  in  the  office  of  Douglas  D.  Stone, 
architect,  San  Francisco,  includes  a  three  story 
reinforced  concrete  store  and  loft  building  on 
Market  Street,  near  Taylor,  running  through  to 
Golden  Gate  Avenue,  to  cost  $1 10,000;  also  struc- 
tural and  miscellaneous  changes  to  a  training  col- 
lege, and  a  $15,000  country  house  in  Los  Altos. 
The  structural  engineering  on  the  Market  Street 
building  was  done  by  T.  Ronneberg,  Crocker 
Building,  San  Francisco. 


TO  REMODEL  HOTEL 
Plans  have  been  prepared  by  A.  R.  Denke, 
architect,  for  extensive  alterations  to  the  eight 
story  Argonaut  Hotel  at  4th  Street  and  Pioneer 
Place,  San  Francisco,  A  new  entrance  is  to  be 
built  at  the  corner  so  as  to  give  additional  lobby 
space  and  new  elevators  will  be  installed  for 
passenger  service.  Both  the  exterior  and  interior 
will  be  repainted  and  decorated  and  considerable 
new  plumbing  will  be  installed. 


SCHOOL  ADDITIONS 
W.  H.  and  Harold  Weeks.  525  Market  Street, 
San  Francisco,  have  completed  plans  for  a  music 
hall  addition  to  the  Gilroy  High  School  to  cost 
$12,000,  and  a  one  story,  frame  addition  to  the 
Morgan  Hill  Grammar  School,  to  cost  $35,000. 


ENGLISH  STYLE  RESIDENCE 
S.  Heiman,  605  Market  Street,  San  Francisco, 
is  preparing  plans  for  a  $15,000  home  designed  in 
the  English  style  and  to  be  built  at  Ross,  Marin 
County,  for  A.  W.  Carne.  There  will  be  ten 
rooms,  three  baths  and  double  garage. 


SAN  JOSE  AUDITORIUM 
Bids  are  scheduled  to  be  opened  June  25th  for 
the  construction  of  San  Jose's  new  Civic  Audi- 
torium, for  which  there  is  available  from  city  and 
Federal  funds  approximately  $500  000.  The  archi- 
tects are  Binder  &  Curtis  of  San  Jose. 


THEATER  ALTERATION 
Extensive  alterations  and  additions  are  to  be 
made  to  the  Piedmont  Theater,  Oakland,  from 
plans  by  A.  A.  Cantin,  557  Market  Street,  San 
Francisco.  About  $10,000  will  be  expended  on 
the  improvements,  which  will  be  in  charge  of 
A.  J.  Hopper. 


TAHOE  CITY  HOTEL 

W.  E.  CofFman,  Forum  Building,  Sacramento, 

has   completed    drawings    for   a   two   story   rustic 

hotel   at   Tahoe   City   for   Carl   Becholdt.    There 

will  be  thirty  rooms.    Estimated  cost  is  $20,000. 


PERSONALS 

Wilbur  David  Cook,  landscape  architect  of 
Los  Angeles,  has  lately  finished  ten  months  of 
service  with  the  C.C.C.  at  Cuyamaca  State  Park. 
Mr.  Cook  has  resumed  the  practice  of  landscape 
architecture  with  headquarters  at  4025  W  25th 
Street,  Los  Angeles. 

A.  M.  Edelman  of  Los  Angeles,  secretary  of 
the  California  State  Board  of  Architectural  Exam- 
iners, has  been  elected  past  president  with  title 
of  chairman  of  the  executive  board  of  the  Na- 
tional Council  of  Architectural  Registration 
Boards. 

Harry  G.  Hammond,  architect,  has  resumed 
active  practice  of  his  profession  at  125  Queen 
Anne  Avenue,  Seattle. 

Lance  E.  Gowen.  first  vice-president  of  the 
Washington  State  Chapter,  A. I. A.,  and  Carl  F. 
Gould,  member  of  Bebb  and  Gould,  Seattle,  at- 
tended the  national  convention  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Architects  last  month. 

Keplar  B.  Johnson,  architect,  has  closed  his 
Seattle  office  and  moved  to  Almira,  Washington. 

John  Graham,  architect  of  Seattle,  is  spending 
several  weeks  in  Shanghai,  China. 

Smith  O'Brien,  architect,  announces  the  re- 
moval of  his  offices  to  the  Marston  Building.  244 
Kearny  Street,  San  Francisco.  Albert  Schroepfer, 
architect,  has  moved  his  office  to  the  same  address. 
Both  architects  will  be  associated  in  the  same 
offices. 

E.  Allen  Sheet  announces  the  removal  of  his 
offices  to  329  N.  Western  Avenue,  Los  Angeles. 
Mr.  Sheet  was  formerly  located  at  2007  Wilshire 
Boulevard. 


JUDGES  FOR  COMPETITION 

The  following  jury  has  been  selected  to  serve 
in  the  national  design  competition  for  an  ideal 
bar:  R.  F.  Bensinger.  President  Brunswick-Balke- 
Collender  Co.;  Ernest  Byfield,  Sherman  Hotel, 
Chicago;  Carl  Eitel,  Bismarck  Hotel,  Chicago; 
Benj.  H.  Marshall,  Architect,  Chicago;  Harvey 
W.  Corbett,  Architect,  Ralph  Walker.  Architect, 
New  York;  John  A.  Holabird,  Architect,  Chicago. 
Applications  from  competitors  are  being  received 
from  some  of  the  leading  architects,  artists,  inter- 
ior decorators  and  designers. 


PORTLAND  MEMORIAL  TOWER 
Ernest  Kroner,  architect  of  Portland,  Oregon, 
has  been  commissioned  to  prpeare  plans  for  an 
observatory  and  memorial  tower  for  the  city  of 
Portland.  Application  for  a  Federal  loan  is  pend- 
ing. Mr.  Kroner's  design  for  the  $500,000  struc- 
ture calls  for  a  355  foot  tower  of  steel  and  con- 
crete with  white  cement  finish. 


60 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  June,  1934 


SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA  CHAPTER 
The  Southern  California  Chapter,  American 
Institute  of  Architects,  held  its  regular  monthly 
meeting  at  Hugo's  restaurant  in  Los  Angeles,  May 
8,  Sumner  Spaulding,  president  of  the  Chapter, 
presiding. 

Reporting  on  the  activities  of  the  committee  on 
public  works,  S.  B.  Marston  stated  that  a  definite 
movement  was  under  way  to  stop  the  preparation 
of  plans  by  public  bodies.   The  committee  has  met 
with  public  boards  in  this  district  and,  while  no 
assurance   has  been   given   that   the  work  coming 
under   the  jurisdiction  of  these  boards  would  be 
placed   in   private   hands,   it   is   believed    progress 
has  been  made.    Federal  authorities  are  to  be  ap- 
proached on  the  matter  later.    It  was  also  stated 
that  county  and  city  bodies  had  taken  an  interest 
in  the  Chapter's  proposed  plan  of  competition  on 
public  building  design.    That  the  Associated  Gen- 
eral Contractors  are  behind  the  Chapter  in   this 
campaign,  was  indicated  in  a  statement  made  by 
Ralph  C.  Flewelling,  who  has  been  informed  that 
the  contractors  endorsed  the  program  100  percent. 
Mr.    Spaulding    announced    that    he    had    been 
elected  president  of  the  local  branch  of  the  new 
Construction  Industries  League,  a  national  body 
composed  of  all  professions  and  trades  engaged 
in  the  construction  industry. 

The  committee  on  structural  and  mechanical 
engineers  has  held  two  meetings  since  last  Chap- 
ter meeting,  according  to  a  report  made  by  Henry 
Carlton  Newton,  chairman.  These  meetings  have 
been  devoted  principally  to  setting  up  a  schedule 
of  fees  for  mechanical  engineers. 

At  the  request  of  the  Women's  Community 
Service  Auxiliary  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
sponsors  of  the  Festival  of  Arts  which  will  open 
on  June  22,  the  architects  will  hold  an  exhibit 
at  the  Los  Angeles  Museum  during  the  festival 
period. 

Reporting  on  executive  committee  activities, 
Mr.  Spaulding  stated  that  a  committee  had  been 
appointed  to  restudy  the  Chapter  constitution  and 
by-laws  and  present  their  findings  at  the  annual 
meeting  in  November.  Members  of  the  commit- 
tee are;  A.  F.  Rosenheim,  chairman;  David  J. 
Witmer,  and  Ralph  C.  Flewelling. 

Copy  is  being  prepared,  according  to  Mr.  New- 
ton, for  a  booklet  designed  to  sell  the  services  of 
the  architect  and  engineer  and  to  be  made  avail- 
able  to  owners,   financiers  and  others.    Fifty  per 


cent  of  the  cost  is  to  be  borne  by  the  Chapter  and 
the  other  half  by  the  engineering  groups.  At  the 
suggestion  of  Mr.  Flewelling,  a  schedule  of  mini- 
mum services  will  be  incorporated  in  the  book. 

Edward  Cray  Taylor,  chairman  of  the  Chap- 
ter's building  material  trades  committee,  intro- 
duced O.  W.  Ott,  mechanical  engineer,  who  gave 
an  interesting  talk  on  cross  connections  and  back 
siphonage,    causing    impurities   in    water   systems. 

The  speaker  of  the  evening  was  Dr.  Owen  C. 
Coy,  director  of  the  California  State  Historical 
Association  and  professor  of  history  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Southern  California.  Dr.  Coy  discussed 
Southern  California  history  as  stimulated  by  the 
historical  survey. 

A  group  of  measured  drawings  prepared  under 
the  direction  of  the  local  Historical  America 
Building  Survey  was  exhibited  by  Henry  F. 
"Withey,  chairman  of  the  Chapter's  committee  on 
historical  works  and  provoked  much  interest. 


ARCHITECTS  ENJOY  BANQUET 
Present  day  problems  in  school  building  de- 
sign and  construction  were  discussed  at  an  enjoy- 
able banquet  at  the  Architects  Building  Material 
Exhibit,  Los  Angeles,  Tuesday  evening,  June  5. 
About  400  architects,  structural  engineers  and 
others  identified  with  the  building  industry  were 
in  attendance.  Clyde  H.  Potter  of  Southern  Coun- 
ties Gas  Company  was  the  toastmaster. 

Frank  A.  Bouelle,  Los  Angeles  city  superinten- 
dent of  schools,  discussed  the  program  for  reha- 
bilitation of  earthquake  damaged  school  buildings 
and   t:he  strengthening  of  others   to  resist   severe 
shocks.     Funds   are   now   available    to    carry    out 
about  one  third  of  the  $31,000,000  rehabilitation 
program.   'When  that  has  been  spent  he  could  not 
say  now  what  would  be  done.    A  new  trend  in 
education   he  said  was  manifest  by  present   con- 
sideration  of   a   "department   of   activities."      Just 
what  line  it  would  take  or  how  it  would  function 
could   not   be  told  now.    Educators   are  working 
out  a  program  and  whatever  it  may  be  it  would 
probably   necessitate  new  ideas   in   planning   and 
designing   school  buildings.    It  now  seemed  cer- 
tain, he  said,  that  in  the  future  it  would  be  the 
policy  of  the  board  of  education  to  build  only  one 
story  buildings  for  elementary  classes  and  build- 
ings of  not  more  than  2  stories  for  older  pupils. 
Dr.  'Willard  Stanley  Ford,  chief  deputy  super- 
intendent  of   city   schools,    followed   up   Superin- 


Thc  Architect  and  Engineer,  June,  1934 


tendent  Bouelle's  ideas  with  the  statement  that  it 
was  inevitable  there  would  be  some  new  type  of 
school  building  to  meet  changing  trends  in  edu- 
cation. But  he  believed  it  should  be  preceded  by 
thorough  study  and  consideration  and  that  what- 
ever new  building  was  done  should  be  planned 
not  for  a  few  but  for  at  least  twenty  years.  He 
had  in  mind  the  problem  of  erecting  on  three  acres 
a  one-story  school  building  to  accommodate  900 
pupils  and  at  the  same  time  providing  200  sq.  ft. 
of  playground  space  for  each  pupil.  Yet  that  was 
the  situation  confronting  school  authorities  at  the 
present  time. 

Los  Angeles  county  superintendent  of  schools. 
A.  R.  Clifton,  declared  that  the  money  problem 
entered  into  the  school  reconstruction  and 
strengthening  program  in  the  county  as  well  as 
in  the  cities  but  that  buildings  must  be  made  safe, 
whatever  the  cost.  He  believed  a  way  to  do  so 
would  be  found.  Already  there  had  been  clamor 
for  repeal  of  the  Field  bill  requiring  school  build- 
ings to  be  made  earthquake  resistant.  He  declared 
the  Field  bill  must  be  kept  on  the  statutes  and 
pleaded  for  cooperation  to  that  end.  The  respon- 
sibility which  it  imposed  on  school  trustees  was 
very  great  and  the  county  was  threatened  at  one 
time  with  the  loss  of  100  school  trustees,  but  only 
one  quit. 

George  B.  McDougall,  state  architect,  chief  of 
the  Division  of  Architecture,  spoke  optimistically 
of  the  future  for  those  engaged  in  construction, 
in  connection  with  state  public  works.  He  called 
attention  to  the  fact  that  some  thirty  major  state 
institutions  are  now  all  more  or  less  over-crowded 
and  that  very  soon  the  state  would  be  compelled 
to  erect  more  buildings.  He  predicted  that  within 
the  next  few  years  there  would  be  much  state 
building. 

Col.  E.  H.  Wilcox,  directing  SERA  activities 
in  Los  Angeles  county,  speaking  in  the  absence  of 
State  Director  McLaughlin,  said  immediate  pros- 
pects were  that  $1,150,000  would  soon  be  avail- 
able for  materials  to  complete  CWA  projects  and 
that  eventually  the  $1,300,000  desired  would  be 
obtained,  due  to  the  efforts  of  the  state  director. 
He  said  that  labor  would  be  provided  by  the 
SERA  for  school  reconstruction  where  it  was 
desired. 

Other  speakers  were:  A.  S.  Nibecker.  chief  of 
the  architectural  division,  business  department. 
Los  Angeles  board  of  Education'  Dean  A.  C. 
Weatherhead  of  the  College  of  Architecture. 
University  of  Southern  California;  Mr.  Leftwich. 
representing  C.  M.  Potter  of  the  Federal  Home 
Owners  Loan  Corporation;  W.  A.  Simpson,  past 
president  of  Los  Angeles  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
and  president  of  Wm.  Simpson  Ccnstruction  Co.; 
Sumner   P.    Spaulding,    president    Southern    Cali- 


fornia Chapter,  American  Institute  of  Architects. 
and  John  J.  Donovan  of  Berkeley. 

The  regular  monthly  meeting  of  the  Southern 
California  Chapter  was  held  at  Victor  Hugo  res- 
taurant June  12.  Sumner  Spaulding  presented  a 
report  on  the  convention,  and  Ralph  C.  Flewel- 
ling  submitted  a  tentative  school  program.  Car- 
roll  Page   Fisk  was   the   speaker  of   the  evening. 


WASHINGTON  STATE  CHAPTER 

"California  Missions"  was  the  subject  of  a  talk, 
illustrated  with  sketches,  by  Harlan  Thomas,  head 
of  the  architecture  department.  University  of 
Washington,  at  the  May  3  meeting  of  the  Wash- 
ington State  Chapter,  A. I. A.,  held  m  Seattle.  Mr. 
Thomas  made  the  sketches  on  a  recent  trip  to 
California. 

June  activities  of  the  Chapter  were  devoted  to 
participation  in  the  celebration  of  the  Twentieth 
Anniversary  of  the  establishment  of  the  school 
of  Architecture  at  the  University  of  Washington. 

The  customary  June  meeting  with  the  Tacoma 
members  of  the  Chapter  has  been  postponed  until 
August,  when  the  Tacoma  group  will  be  host  at 
the  celebration  of  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the 
construction  of   the  Tacoma  Hotel. 


MENDOCINO   COUNTY   SCHOOLS 

A  group  of  three  school  buildings  is  to  be 
erected  at  Covelo.  Mendocino  County,  for  the 
Round  Valley  High  School  District,  from  plans 
by  William  Herbert  and  C.  A.  Caulkins,  Jr.  of 
Santa  Rosa.  There  will  be  a  reinforced  concrete 
gymnasium  and  a  frame  classroom  building  and 
shops.    The  estimated  cost  is  $75,000. 


REBUILDING  FAMOUS  BATH  HOUSE 

The  historic  Sutro  Baths  at  Point  Lobos  are 
undergoing  extensive  alterations  from  plans  by 
Harold  G.  Stoner,  architect,  810  Ulloa  Street, 
San  Francisco.  The  baths  are  to  be  converted 
into  a  modern  Coney  Island  resort,  with  an 
Olympic  type  swimming  pool,  tropical  beach, 
museum,  midway,  barbeque  pit  and  various  amuse- 
ment features. 


ANNUAL  SKETCHING  COMPETITION 
The  annual  architectural  sketching  competition 
sponsored  by  the  Washington  State  Chapter. 
A. I. A.,  is  announced  and  September  is  the  final 
date  for  delivery  of  sketches  to  Mr.  Gove,  chair- 
man. 1701  Puget  Sound  Bank  Building,  Tacoma. 
Judging  exhibition  will  be  held  at  a  fall  Chapter 
meeting  in  the  Seattle  Art  Museum. 


62 


The  Architect  and  Eniitncer.  June.  1934 


FEDERAL  BUILDING,  FAIRBANKS,  ALASKA 


AN  ALASKAN  MONOLITH 
The  new  Federal  Building  completed  early  in 
1934  at  Fairbanks,  Alaska,  is  constructed  of 
monolithic  concrete.  Notable  advancement  has 
been  made  in  the  development  of  this  type  of  con- 
struction in  recent  years.  Better  methods  of  con- 
crete quality  control  have  done  much  to  insure 
the  durability  of  monolithic  concrete  buildings, 
even  when  subjected  to  most  severe  exposure. 
These  factors,  and  the  adaptability  of  concrete 
to  practically  any  architectural  treatment,  led  the 
architect  to  select  monolithic  concrete  for  this  post 
office  in  the  far  North. 

Forms  were  constructed  of  unlined  wood,  using 
1x6  sheathing.  After  stripping  the  forms  the  con- 
crete was  lightly  rubbed  with  carborundum  bricks, 
but  not  sufficiently  to  remove  the  grain  marks  left 
by  the  form  boards.  The  double  V-shaped  groov- 
ed ornament  in  the  pilasters  and  in  the  spandrels 
above  the  top  story  windows  was  formed  in  the 
concrete  by  nailing  V  strips  to  the  forms.  Other 
ornaments  on  spandrels  and  parapet  are  of  cast 
aluminum. 

The  building  is  four  stories  high,  with  pent- 
house, and  contains  725,000  cubic  feet.  The 
total  contract  price  was  $410,000.  The  building 
was  constructed  by  the  Walter  MacDonald  Con- 
struction Company,  St.  Louis,  Missouri.  This 
company  is  now  erecting  a  school  building  at 
Fairbanks  which  will  also  be  of  monolithic  con- 
crete. 

The  Architect  and  Engineer,  Jane.  1934 


LOS  ANGELES  SCHOOLS 
Close  to  100  architects  and  engineers  are  en- 
gaged in  making  plans  for  the  reconstruction  and 
rebuilding  of  quake  damaged  school  buildings,  ac- 
cording to  Mrs.  Letitia  J.  Lytle,  president  pro  tem 
of  the^Los  Angeles  Board  of  Education. 

"Due  to  the  diligence  of  the  school  business 
department  and  its  cooperation  with  the  city  build- 
ing department,  the  office  of  the  state  architect 
and  the  local  engineers  of  the  P.W  A.  a  total  of 
134  projects  are  now  actively  under  way,"  de- 
clared Mrs.  Lytle. 

■Two  buildings  are  under  construction:  plans 
for  ten  are  in  the  office  of  the  state  architect  for 
approval;  one  is  being  advertised  for  bids;  eighty 
are  in  the  hands  of  architects  or  structural  engi- 
neers, for  which  preliminary  drawings  are  being 
made  on  53  projects  and  final  working  drawings 
on  27;  architects  or  structural  engineers  have  been 
recommended  for  forty  structures  and  the  plans 
for  the  Torrance  elementary  school  have  been 
adopted  and  only  await  funds  being  made  avail- 
able by  the  P.W.A." 

The  projects  for  rehabilitation  now  under  active 
development  are  employing  the  services  of  57  dif- 
ferent architects  and  forty  structural  engineers. 


BRIDGE  INSPECTION 
San  Francisco  engineers  will  be  entertained  by 
the  Golden  Gate  Bridge  officials.  Sat.,  June  23. 

63 


D 


eman 


d 


PATENT 

Protection 


Only  D ALMO  gives  you  the  patent 
protection  and  other  fundamental 
advantages  of  a  PIONEER  line. 


T\  ALMO-SIMPLEX  Awning  Type  JVindoivs  and 
allied  products  preceded  all  competitive  prod- 
ucts of  their  type  in  the  field  by  at  least  six  years. 
The  important  advantages  inherent  in  their  many 
patented  features,  are  proved  in  more  than  twenty 
years  of  actual  usage.  Specify  DALMO  for  addi- 
tional years  of  superior  service  and  positive  patent 
protection.  Write  for  descriptive  circulars  showing 
detail  and  specifications. 

DALMO  SALES  CORPORATION 
Subsidiary  of  Dalmo  Manufacturing  Co. 
511   Harrison   St.,   San   Francisco,   Calif. 


DALMO-SIMPLEX 
PATEI\TS 


Numbers 
1,256.839 
1,256,840 
1.356,095 
1,494,509 
1,508,624 
1,511,683 
1,648,331 
1,543,956 
1,725,165 
1,920,898 


Issued 

Feb.  19,  1918 

Feb.  19,  1918 

Oct.  19,  1920 

May  20,  1924 

Sept.  16,  1924 

Oct.  19,  1924 

Nov.  8,  1927 

June  30,  1925 

Aug.  26,  1930 

Aug.  1,  1933 


-SIMPLEX 


AWNING  TYPE  WINDOWS 

FOR  SCHOOLS  AW^^^       and    Allied    Products 

GYMl^ASIUMS 
HOSPITALS 
ETC. 


A   DALMO 
PRODUCT 


64 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  June.  1934 


A  RADIO  TALK 
By  Albert  J.  Evers,  F.A.I. A. 
The  idea  that  the  Government  should  actually 
construct  housing  for  its  people  is  new  to  us.  In 
all  of  the  principal  European  countries,  especially 
since  the  world  war,  a  great  amount  of  this  gov- 
ernment housing  has  been  erected.  It  is  said  that 
England  has  in  that  time  housed  1/8  of  her 
population;  Germany,  France  and  Belgium  1/6 
of  theirs.  We  should  all  understand  and  be  in- 
terested in  the  purposes  and  policies  of  the  Fed- 
eral Government  with  regard  to  housing.  Almost 
everyone  is  aware  that  a  housing  program  is  under 
way,  but  few  have  a  full  knowledge  of  its  status 
and  progress,  or  its  possible  development  in  our 
western  communities. 

Some  weeks  ago,  the  Community  Forum  pro- 
gram was  devoted  to  city  planning  and  housing. 
At  that  time,  you  were  given  a  brief  description 
of  the  government's  entry  into  this  new  field  and 
the  apparent  reasons  for  their  action.  Some  of 
these  reasons  were:  The  relief  of  unemployment, 
the  elimination  of  slums  and  erection  of  decent 
living  quarters  and  a  demonstration  of  planned 
communities  as  opposed  to  an  anarchy  of  land 
use.  The  formation  of  a  new  corporation,  the 
Public  Works  Emergency  Housing  Corporation, 
was  briefly  touched  upon.  This  corporation  now 
appears   to  be  gaining   rapidly  in   importance. 

To  review  the  situation  briefly:  When  the  ad- 
ministration in  Washington  established  a  Hous- 
ing Division  under  the  P.W.A.,  it  was  announced 
that  loans  would  be  made  to  limited  dividend 
corporations  for  low  rental  housing  projects.  This 
Housing  Division  was  primarily  an  emergency 
organization.  Private  building  construction  hav- 
ing almost  ceased,  its  immediate  object  was  to 
provide  employment  in  the  prostrate  building  in- 
dustry. After  six  or  eight  months'  tryout.  what 
has  been  the  result  of  its  offer  of  loans?  Informa- 
tion at  hand  seems  to  indicate  that  out  of  about 
400  limited  dividend  projects,  about  20  have  been 
tentatively  approved,  and  of  those  only  a  portion 
have  actually  started  construction.  This  is  rather 
a  meager  showing.  Obviously,  the  plan  for  mak- 
ing loans  to  these  limited  dividend  corporations 
has  not  proved  a  speedy  recovery  measure  up  to 
this  time.  The  authorities  state  that  too  often 
the  projects  submitted  were  formed  primarily  to 
dispose  of  vacant  and  idle  land;  others  were  not 
up  to  standards  required  and  could  not  possibly 
hope  for  financial  success  in  operation;  very  few 
were  for  slum  clearance  and  reconstruction. 

Slum  clearance  and  replacement  with  modern, 
low-rental  housing  is  exactly  what  the  govern- 
ment wanted.  A  run-down  neighborhood  be- 
comes a  blighted  area;  a  blighted  area  develops 
slum  conditions,  for  a  slum  is  an  obsolete  perma- 

The  Architect  and  Engineer.  June,  1934 


y^'-\"'k\ 


''''>u""!*.^---" 


/W7%.  (Jhcldtict/' 


Ntunerous  of  yoiir  colleagues  have 
pointed  out  the  effect  of  flood- 
lighting on  exterior  design.  It 
is  quite  obvious  that  strong 
light  from  a  nearby  soxirce  may 
shift  various  planes  and  shadows. 
And  the  effect,  unless  it  is  con- 
sidered in  advance,  may  not  be  as 
pleasing  as  anticipated. 

We  suggest  that  you  give  original 
consideration  to  floodlighting 
when  you  are  planning  buildings, 
monuments  or  structures  likely 
to  be  illuminated  by  artificial 
light  reflected  against  the 
exterior. 

We  have  some  literature  on  this 
subject  available,  and  will  be 
happy  to  send  it  to  California 
architects  who  are  interested. 

Cordially  yours. 


Uctfucax'^^ 


WUjOU 


447  SUTTER  ST.,  SAN  FRANCISCO 
DEPARTMENT  J-6 

P.  S.  There  is  no  need  to  remind 
you  that  floodlighting  enhances  the 
importance  of  a  structure  in  rela- 
tion to  its  surroundings.  But  we 
might  add  that,  in  the  case  of  com- 
mercial structures,  rental  value, 
prestige  and  address-value  are  con- 
siderably higher  where  the  visible 
facades  are  so  lighted. 

P.  C.  E.  B. 


65 


MO]\EL  METAL 

iHigh  Nickel  Alloy'] 

is  the  accepted  material  for  soda  foun- 
tains and  lunch-room  equipment,  just  as 
it  is  the  universal  metal  for  food  service 
equipment  in  leading  hotels  and  restau- 
rants throughout  the  country. 


CORROSIRON 

[Acid  Resisting  Iron"] 

is  the  accepted  material  for  draining 
waste  lines.  CORROSIRON  meets  all 
State  and  Municipal  specifications  for 
drain  lines  from  school  laboratories  and 
chemistry  rooms. 


Pacific  Foundry  Company  Ltd. 
Pacific  Metals  Company  Ltd. 


470  East  Third  St. 
LOS  ANGELES 


3100  Nineteenth  St. 
SAN  FEANCISCO 


551  Fifth  Ave. 
NEW  YORK 


The    only    Building    Paper    with    a    Factor    of    Safety 

RESILIENCY! 

ROWNSKI 


B 


Resilient  Waterproof 
Building    Paper 


N 


Resilient  Browiiskiii  stretches  and  conforms  to 
building  strains  without  splitting,  tearing  or  drag- 
ging from  the  nails,  thereby  constituting  a  perma- 
nent protective  insulation,  a  "Factor  of  Safety" 
during  the  entire  life  of  the  building. 

Only  Resilient  Brownskin  offers  all  these  ad- 
vantages. Try  Brownskin  once  and  you  will  find 
the  one  thoroughly  satisfactory  paper  for  all  future 
work. 

Ask  Your  Architect 

Buy  from  Your  Dealer 

Manufactured  and  Distributed  by 

ANGIER      CORPORATION 

Framingham,  Mass. 


San  Francisco 

269  Potrero  Avenue 

HEmlock  4100 


Los  Angeles 

539  So.  Clarence  St. 

ANgelus  11486 


Oakland 


Portland 


Seattle 


66 


nent  residential  district  whose  facilities  are  over- 
taxed and  whose  buildings  have  outlived  their 
usefulness.  These  blighted  and  slum  areas  are 
just  what  the  Government  wished  to  eliminate, 
but  very  few  projects  submitted  proposed  to  do 
work  of  this  kind — and  for  a  very  good  reason. 
Only  in  exceptional  cases  can  private  capital  prof- 
itably undertake  this  work.  Appraisal,  assembly 
of  land  parcels  and  the  demolition  of  buildings  in 
large  areas  have  proved  to  be  beyond  the  capac- 
ity of  private  endeavor.  Similar  movements  in 
Great  Britain,  Germany,  France,  Austria,  Holland 
and  Sweden  have  all  involved  the  assistance  of 
central  governmental  and  local  authorities,  both 
with  long-term  loans  and  actual  subsidies.  Private 
capital  is  timid  about  entering  into  arrangments 
required  for  governmental  loan.  The  present  cost 
of  land  and  construction  alone  make  almost  im- 
possible rents  low  enough  to  be  practicable  for 
the  economic  necessities  of  the  low-income  group. 

The  Public  Works  Emergency  Housing  Cor- 
poration, which  I  mentioned  before,  was  set  up 
to  overcome  these  difficulties  and  the  policy  of 
the  Government  seems  to  favor  the  type  of  proj- 
ect requiring  its  functions.  Mr.  H.  L.  Ickes,  Sec- 
retary of  Interior  and  Public  Works  Administra- 
tor, is  president  of  this  corporation,  and  Mr.  Rob- 
ert D.  Kohn,  Director  of  Housing  is  one  of  the 
vice-presidents. 

Public  Works  Administrator  Ickes  has  also  re- 
cently said: 

"Where  a  city  or  housing  authority  is  legally 
empowered  to  .  .  .  carry  out  .  .  .  projects  of  low- 
cost  housing,  the  Administration  will  be  particu- 
larly interested.  .  .  .  The  same  is  true  .  .  .  where 
for  the  time  being  a  city  has  not  the  legal  powers 
but  will  agree  to  make  every  effort  to  secure  en- 
abling legislation  in  the  future.  ...  In  any  case 
preference  will  be  given  to  projects  located  in 
congested  areas  occupied  by  obsolete  structures 
in  an  advanced  stage  of  decay  or  delapidation." 

From  these  statements,  it  is  apparent  that  the 
Federal  authorities  are  willing  to  undertake  hous- 
ing work  only  when  the  community  is  favorable 
to  the  project.  For  favorable  sentiment  of  cities 
or  communities  a  thorough  under.standing  of  the 
subject  by  individuals  is  necessary.  Many  east- 
ern cities  are  awake  to  the  opportunity  and  are 
already  preparing  the  way  for  the  establishment 
of  housing  authorities  who  can  take  up  the  man- 
agement and  control  of  these  projects  in  coop- 
eration with  the  Emergency  Housing  Corporation. 
Out  of  a  published  list  of  some  30  of  such  cities, 
the  most  westerly  one  is  Denver. 

What  about  our  cities  on  the  Pacific  Coast? 
Are  conditions  here  so  good  that  they  do  not  need 
attention,  or  are  we  simply  neglecting  our  future? 

The  Architect  and  Engineer.  June.  1934 


A  recent  survey  of  50  blocks  in  San  Francisco 
under  the  sponsorship  of  the  San  Francisco  Hous- 
ing Association  has  shown  conditions  which  are 
deplorable.  For  instance,  one  two-flat  building  is 
housing  21  people  living  in  one-room  apartments, 
cooking  on  gas  plates  in  their  living  and  sleeping 
rooms,  with  only  three  toilets  for  the  entire  build- 
ing. One  building,  originally  a  three-flat  building, 
has  24  roomers,  one  bath  tub  and  two  toilets.  A 
12  room  house  with  15  adults  cooking  in  two 
kitchens,  garbage  being  kept  in  the  bath  room 
and  removed  only  once  a  week. 

We  really  cannot  judge  the  true  situation  until 
a  survey  is  made  which  will  produce  the  facts. 
A  visual  survey  may  arouse  our  suspicions  but 
only  a  careful  house-to-house  canvas  can  tell  the 
real  story.  Let  us  not  be  prejudiced  in  our  minds, 
but  be  honest  with  ourselves  and  think  primarily 
of  the  best  interests  of  our  community.  Demoli- 
tion and  replacement  of  slovenly,  obsolete  hous- 
ing will  improve  our  cities,  revive  the  desperate 
situation  of  the  building  industry  and  provide  em- 
ployment for  technical  men,  craftsmen  and  a  large 
army  of  workers.  It  will  remove  breeding  places 
of  disease  and  crime,  the  potential  source  of  large 
and  disastrous  fires;  it  will  liquidate  frozen  assets 
and  diminish  vacancies  in  other  portions  of  our 
cities. 

With  these  matters  in  mind,  it  would  seem  to 
be  of  the  greatest  importance  that  we  look  care- 
fully at  the  'true  condition  of  our  cities,  that  our 
citizens  take  a  vital  interest  in  what  the  Federal 
Government  is  offering  to  do  for  us  and  that 
we  become  familiar  with  its  purposes  and  policies. 
A  better  and  more  complete  knowledge  of  the 
subject  may  cause  us  to  eliminate  many  old  and 
cherished  prejudices  and  to  lend  our  support  to 
a  work  that  will  benefit  everyone. 


HAWS  DRINKING  FOUNTAIN  CATALOG 
The  1934  catalog  of  the  Haws  Sanitary  Drink- 
ing Faucet  Company  is  off  the  press  and  archi- 
tects should  secure  a  copy  to  keep  their  data  on 
drinking  fountains  up  to  date.  A  number  of  new 
models  are  listed,  including  several  attractive  fix- 
tures designed  along  modern  lines.  The  catalog 
is  standard  size  and  profusely  illustrated.  The 
material  is  well  arranged  with  one  page  devoted 
to  general  information  for  the  architect  and  engi- 
neer for  use  in  his  specifications. 


FRED  RICE  DORN 
Fred  R.  Dorn.  68  architect,  of  Los  Angeles, 
died  of  heart  trouble  at  the  home  of  his  daugh- 
ter at  Santa  Maria  May  18.  Mr.  Dorn  had  been 
a  resident  of  Los  Angeles  nearly  half  a  century. 
He  was  the  architect  of  the  Rives-Strong  office 
building  and  the  Westchester  Apartments,  Los 
Angeles. 

The  Architect  and  Engineer,  June.  1934 


CONCRETE 

FOR 

San  Francisco  Pier  and  Fender 
and  Marin  Pier 

—  and  — 

Anchorages  and  Piers  of 
Approach  Spans 

OF  THE 

GOLDEIV   GATE   BRIDGE 

FURNISHED   BY 

PACIFIC  COAST  AGGREGATES,  INC. 

GOLDEN    GATE -ATLAS    MATERIALS    COMPANY 
85  Second  Street  San  Francisco 


BUILD 
WELL  — 

A  PROPERLY  designed  and  well  built 
^^  building  is  a  credit  to  any  city  and 
a  worth  while  investment  for  its  owner. 

Such  structures  are  the  Stand- 
ard Oil  Building,  Matson 
Building,  Four-Fifty  Sut- 
ter Street,  Stock  Exchange, 
S.  F.  Base  Ball  Park,  Mills 
Tower,  Opera  House  and 
Veterans'  Memorial  and 
other  notable  structures  —  all 
built  or  supervised  by  — 

Lindqren  &.  Sujinerlon,  Inc. 

Standard  Oil  Building 
San  Francisco 


67 


■f^H 

■ 

TAKE 

^mil 

H 

YOUR 

W  \  -"^^^V  ^^S^^^l 

H 

CLIENTS 

P^l^^3^3^^h  ^jHI 

M 

OUT  OF 

Si 

1 

THE 
CELLAR! 

A  home   owner,   sitt 
step,    coaxing    along    an 
often  has  sinister  though 

ing    on    the    bottom 

obdurate    furnace, 

ts  about  his  heating 

plant. 

If  his  heating  plant  works  well,  it  is  no 
more  than  he  expected.  If  he  has  to  fight  his 
furnace  he  blames  everyone. 

Specify  a  Johnson  Oil  Burner  or  the  Oil 
Heat  Servant,  and  keep  your  clients  out  of 
the  cellar. 

Catalogs  mailed  on  request. 

S.       T.       JO 

H    N    S    O    N       CO. 

9  4  0     A  R  L  I  N 

GTON     AVENUE 

OAKLAND 

,     CALIFORNIA 

NEED  OF  NEW  SCHOOL  BUILDINGS 
"More  tragic  in  some  ways  than  our  national 
unemployment  of  7,000,000  workmen  is  our  fur- 
ther 'unemployment'  of  approximately  3,500,000 
potential  schoolboys  and  schoolgirls,  between  the 
ages  of  five  and  seventeen,  who  are  today  walking 
the  streets  of  American  towns  and  cities  because 
of  a  lack  of  public  school  educational  facilities," 
according  to  Joseph  Miller,  Jr.,  secretary  of  the 
New  York  City  Board  of  Education,  who  recently 
completed  a  survey  and  compilation  of  statistics 
for  National  Schoolmart  and  National  Schoolview, 
the  educational  exposition  and  conference  to  be 
held  in  New  York  City  August  15.24  under  the 
auspices  of  the  National  Association  of  Public 
School  Business  Officials.  Mr.  Miller  is  also  pres- 
ident of  the  association. 

According  to  figures  gathered  by  Mr.  Miller, 
the  condition  of  these  3,500.000  children  has  been 
the  direct  result  of  a  combination  of  forces  and  in- 
fluences growing  out  of  the  depression,  the  pass- 
age of  recent  child  labor  laws,  and  the  NRA  codes 
restricting  the  employment  of  children  under  six- 
teen years  of  age.  Even  though  enrollments  have 
increased  tremendously  during  the  past  two  or 
three  years,  he  said,  all  efforts  toward  absorption 
have  failed  alarmingly  so  far.  As  an  example  of 
increasing  enrollment  he  cited  the  4,030,369  stu- 
dents who  were  in  high  schools  in   1930  as  com- 


Apox  Bio -Air  Fan  Heaters 


1  Portable  and  Wall  Types 

I  j  1320  watts  to  4000  watts 

"  I       Thermostat  Control  if  Desired 

Something    New    and   Better 

ests    show   SO'r    Ereater   temperatun 

rise  in  living  zone 


APEX  Manufacturing  Company 

Oakland,  California 

Dislribtftors 

SANDOVAL   SALES    CO. 

557   Market  St.,  San   Franciseo 

APEX  SALES  CO. 
1855  Industrial  St..  Los  Angeles 


The  new  Decatur 
De  Luxe  Lavatory, 
illustrated  here,  is 
representative  of 
the  MUELLER 
line  of  quality  vit' 
reous  china. 

MUELLER  CO. 

Decatur,    111. 

San  Francisco  Branch: 
1072-76  Howard  St. 


Product  of 

CALIFORNIA  SHADE  CLOTH  CO. 

1710  San  Bruno  Avenue,  San  Francisco 

Manufacturers  of 

QUALITY  HAND  MADE  SHADE  CLOTH 
IN  ALL  GRADES 


Wholesale  Distributors 

SLOANE-BLABON  LINOLEUM 


The  Modern  Way — 

BUILD    WITH    STEEL 

Protect  your  Investment  from 

Fire  and  Quake 

Structural  Steel  for  Buildings 

and  Bridges 


JUDSON-PACIFIC  CO. 

609  MISSION  STREET,  SAN  FRANOSCO 
DOuglas  4460 

Plants,  San  Francisco  and  Oakland 


68 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  June.  19/14 


pared  with  the  5.092,047  who  were  registered  in 
1934,  or  an  increase  of  25  per  cent.  This  is  also, 
he  said,  the  most  expensive  level  of  public  school 
education. 

"Meanwhile  the  funds  available  to  carry  on  the 
public  schools  have  steadily  diminished,"  said  Mr. 
Miller.  "After  meeting  necessary  fixed  charges, 
providing  for  only  essential  maintenance  and  sup- 
plies, most  school  systems  had  to  cut  teachers' 
salaries  to  balance  their  slenderized  budgets. 

"This  left  little  or  no  money  available  for  mod- 
ernization and  construction,  or  for  the  additional 
equipment  and  supplies  so  pressingly  needed  to 
carry-on,  as  well  as  provide  for  the  increased  en- 
rollment. A  great  accumulation  of  serious  need 
has  therefore  developed." 

Until  the  last  few  years,  Mr.  Miller  said,  our 
normal  annual  national  expenditure  for  education 
was  approximately  three  billions  of  dollars.  This 
was  considered  generally  adequate,  though  by  no 
means  excessive.  During  the  years  leading  up  to 
the  depression  the  American  expenditure  for  new 
public  school  building  construction  averaged  ap- 
proximately $400,000,000. 

"When  we  compare  this  latter  figure  with  that 
of  only  approximately  $9,000,000  for  the  first 
three  months  of  1933,  it  is  not  difficult  to  under- 
stand why  we  have  those  3,500,000  potential 
school  children  on  the  streets,"  Mr.  Miller  said. 


Rustless  Metal  Store  Fronts, 

'(1«I1©(©|^  Windows,  Doors,  Mouldings 

and     Architectural     Castings 

Good  buildings  do  not  just  happen. 
They  come  as  a  result  of  workinsr  with 
good  materials  and  with  a  knowledge 
of  how  to  apply  them.  Consult  an 
Architect. 

THE 


OF    CALIFORNIA 
Berkeley,  California 


Recent  contracts  completed  — 

U.  S.  Marine  Hospital,  San  Francisco 

Ford  Assembly  Plants  at 

Seattle,  Long  Beach  and  Richmond 

Now  under  construction  —  Yerba  Buena  Tunnel 
San  Francisco-Oakland  Bay  Bridge 


Clinton  Construction  Company 

of  California 

923  FOLSOM  STREET  SAN  FRANCISCO 

Telephone  SUtter  3440 


CROWN  CEMENT 
PRODUCTS,   LTD. 

1717  -  17tli  St.  HEmlock  5171 

San  Francisco 

•   •   • 

Manufacturers 


Certified  Vibrated  and 
Centrifically  moulded 
Concrete   Products 


•Wood  Carving 
•Architectural 
Modeling 


S.    BERGER 

390     9th     Street 

SAN     FRANCISCO,     CALIF. 
Phone     HEmlock     4462 


HAWS  No.  R-2 

Chrome  Plated  Ornamental 
Bubbler  Head 

Designed  primarily  for  use  in 
special  architecturally  designed 
drinking  fountains.  It  is  anti- 
squirt  and  fool-proof. 


DRI]\KI]^G   FAUCET   CO. 
HAWS    SANITARY 

1808  Harmon  Street.  Berkeley 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  ]une,  1934 


69 


MODERNIZE  with  a 

CUTLER  MAIL  CHUTE 


Expected  as  a  matter 
of  course  in  the  mod- 
ern office  building  or 
apartment. 

It  guarantees  to  thie  ten- 
ant up-to-date  service 
and  saves  the  owner 
its  cost  in  reduced 
elevator  operation. 

Full  information,  details,  speci- 

Ficdtions  and  estimates 

on  request. 


PRICE  BUILDING  SPECIALTIES,  San  Francisco,  California 

B.L.WILCOX,  BUILDING  SPECIALTIES, 

2071  Laura  Ave.,  Huntington  Pl<.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

D.E.  FRYER  a  COMPANY,  C.  W.  BOOST, 

Seattle,  Washington  Portland,  Oregon 

FRYER-FORD  COMPANY,  Spokane,  Washington 

CUTLER  MAIL  CHUTE  CO. 

General  Offices  and  Factory,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 


Stanley 
Ball  Bearing  Hinges 


COR  smooth,  trouble-free  operation  of 
'    doors   for   the   life   of  the    building. 


You  will  find  our  "Architect'.^  Man- 
ual of  Stanley  Hardware"  very 
useful  in  making  up  hardware 
specifications.     Send  for  a  copy. 


THE  STANLEY  WORKS 
New  Britain,  Conn. 

SAN   FRANCISCO 
576  Monadnock  BIdg. 

LOS  ANGELES 
1202  Washington  BIdg. 

SEATTLE 
501  Maynard  BIdg. 


[STANLEY] 


70 


Mr.  Miller  listed  four  obligations,  drawn  from 
a  study  of  his  survey,  which  he  said  must  be  dis- 
charged before  adequate  schooling  could  be  pro- 
vided for  the  enrolled  and  unenrolled,  but  eligible, 
children  of  the  United  States.  These  were,  first, 
the  construction  of  new  schools  to  meet  normal 
building  operations  suspended  during  the  depres- 
sion, and  the  replacement  of  many  emergency 
portable  and  temporary  buildings.  Secondly  came 
the  construction  of  additional  new  schools  to  meet 
the  added  burden  developed  by  child  labor  aboU- 
tion  in  industry.  The  third  requirement  is  the 
modernization  and  repair  of  old  school  plants 
badly  neglected  because  of  a  general  lack  of  funds. 
This  phase,  Mr.  Miller  stated,  affects  fully  25  per 
cent  of  the  247.289  public  school  buildings  enu- 
merated in  the  1930  census. 

The  fourth  and  final  requirement  is  the  pur- 
chase of  new  and  replacement  equipment,  appa- 
ratus, furniture  and  supplies.  This  last  is  illus- 
trated by  a  decline  in  text-book  purchases  alone, 
through  lack  of  funds  in  1933.  of  $5,487,177. 

ENGINEERS  VISIT  McNEAR  PLANT 
The  Structural  Engineers  Association  of  North- 
ern California  and  a  number  of  San  Francisco 
and  Oakland  architects  were  guests  of  the 
McNear  Brick  Company  at  McNear's  beach  Sat- 
urday, June  16.  It  was  one  of  the  largest  and 
most  enjoyable  gatherings  of  structural  engineers 
in  recent  activities  of  the  organization.  Before 
going  to  the  Point  the  picnicers  visited  the  Marin 
tower  of  the  Golden  Gate  Bridge,  the  guest  of 
Chief  Engineer  Joseph  B.  Srauss.  About  an  hour 
was  spent  inspecting  the  746  foot  tower  of  steel. 
The  brick  works  were  next  visited  where  the  visit- 
ors viewed  the  Haydite  plant  in  operation.  Hay- 
dite  is  made  from  shale  rock,  baked  under  terrific 
heat  and  broken  into  small  particles  and  used  in 
place  of  rock  as  a  concrete  aggregate.  It  makes  a 
lighter  concrete  and  also  acts  as  a  very  good  in- 
sulator. 

At  the  beach  the  assemblage  divided  into  groups 
and  passed  the  time  playing  golf,  fishing,  swim- 
ming, base  ball  and  minor  athletic  contests,  ar- 
ranged and  creditably  supervised  by  W.  H.  Pop- 
ert  of  the  Columbia  Steel  Company.  Amusing 
prizes  were  awarded  the  winners,  the  awards  be- 
ing handed  out  by  Geo.  B.  McDougall,  State 
Architect,  who  came  down  from  Sacramento  with 
a  good  part  of  his  working  force.  Ed  Flanders 
of  Starks  and  Flanders,  architects,  was  also  in 
evidence.  Barbecued  meat,  fresh  crab  and  other 
delicacies  were  served  for  lunch  and  supper  and 
there  was  plenty  Golden  Glow  for  the  thirsty. 
W.  Adrian  received  a  hearty  thanks  for  his  pains- 
taking labors  in  getting  the  boys  signed  up  and 
the  McNears  and  Sales  Manager  Tait  also  came 
in  for  enthusiastic  praise. 

The  Architect  and  Engineer,  June,  1934 


Musings  of  the  Philosopher 

by   Chester   N.    Ninekirk 


An     Age     of     Streamlines 

Humans     vs     Humans 

The     Chinese     Theater 


1 


ECENT  experiments  con- 
ducted at  New  York  Uni- 
versity Guggenheim  School  of 
Aeronautics,  in  charge  of  Mr. 
Alexander  Klemin,  have  shown 
conclusively  that 
''Stream-  true  streamlining  of 
lining"  automobile      bodies 

would  save  about 
thirty  per  cent  of  our  gasoline  at 
a  speed  of  thirty  miles  per  hour, 
and  over  half  of  it  at  sixty  miles 
per  hour. 

Such  automobiles  are  being  built 
for  the  1934  market;  engines  bal- 
anced over  the  front  axel  instead 
of  behind  as  it  is  in  the  conven- 
tional car.  Perhaps  later  models 
will  install  the  automobile  power 
plant  behind  and  below  the  back 
seat  thereby  increasing  tractive 
power  for  higher  speeds,  locating 
front  and  rear  seats  further  for- 
ward for  more  uniform  balance 
and  streamline  design. 

Railroads  are  streamlining  their 
rolling  stock  and  new  lightweight 
Diesel  engine  designs  have  al- 
ready been  built  for  greater  speeds 
with  commensurate  safety  and 
comfort.  Automobile  trucks  will 
no  doubt  follow  suit  as  they  have 
done  in  the  past.  Later  on,  as 
speed  and  power  increase,  other 
problems  will  have  to  be  solved; 
steering,  for  instance.  Automobile 
drivers  will  either  have  to  aim 
their  vehicles  in  the  direction  of 
travel,  or  it  may  be  necessary  to 
build  grooves  on  the  highways  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  remove  the 
eccentricities  and  dangers  of  high 
speed  driving.  Crossings  will  be 
eliminated  by  underpasses. 

Now  we  have  arrived  in  our 
mental  evolution  to  a  design  of 
automobiles  comparable  to  the 
modern  streamlined  train.  What 
then? 

Your  guess  is  as  good  as  ours! 


JHINK  of  the  millions  of 
characters  and  nationalities, 
as  they  are  mixed  within  the  melt- 
ing pot  of  human  life  as  we  know 
it.  In  looking  through  the  win- 
dows of  our  small 
An  Old  intellects,      is     it 

Orthodox  any  wonder  that 

Proscenium  we  marvel  at  the 
propensity  of  the 
situation?  Perhaps  this  is  one  of 
the  reasons  why  humans  possess 
such  insatiable  interests  in  other 
humans,  and  why  our  interest  is 
drawn  to  certain  plays  and  stories 
about  ourselves.  Human  situa- 
tions, intensified  in  print  or  in  the 
spoken  drama,  for  instance,  in- 
trigue our  interest  and  add  to  the 
color  and  glamour  of  life.  As 
people  differ,  so  in  the  same  re- 
spects do  the  characters  portrayed 
in  books  and  drama,  differ;  as  well 
as  do  the  methods  of  presentation, 
even  though  the  basic  principles 
may  remain  the  same.  Let  us  con- 
sider a  particular  variation  in  this 
respect. 

We  will  select  the  institution  of 
the  ancient  Chinese  orthodox  the- 
atre of  the  Ming  Dynasty,  as 
fathered  by  one,  Ming  Quong. 
The  best  way  to  obtain  informa- 
tion about  such  a  matter  is  to  visit 
a  Chinese  Theatre  with  a  China- 
man who  is  thoroughly  conversant 
with  the  subject  matter  to  be  con- 
sidered. Let's  do  it  just  that  way 
and  imagine  ourselves  about  to  en- 
ter a  Chinese  Theatre  in  China. 
Our  guide  has  told  us  that  six 
hundred  twelve  plays  are  being 
enacted  in  China;  that  the  type  of 
production  we  are  about  to  see, 
dates  back  to  the  year  750;  that 
all  Chinese  acting  is  exaggerated. 
There  is  no  curtain.  There  are  no 
properties  except  perhaps  a  table 
and  two  chairs,  and  no  scenery. 


We  enter  the  dress  circle  and 
look  toward  the  stage.  Two  actors 
enter  the  stage  through  a  repre- 
sentation of  a  tiger's  mouth  which, 
we  are  told,  is  the  entrance; 
another  actor  has  just  left  through 
what  is  unmistakably  a  dragon's 
mouth,  the  exit.  There  are  no 
women  in  the  play;  in  fact,  women 
were  not  allowed  to  appear  on  the 
stage  until  the  year,  1931.  Women 
are  impersonated  so  cleverly  that 
the  casual  visitor  would  never  be 
able  to  distinguish  the  speaker  as 
a  man.  The  Chinese  say  that  only 
fools  go  to  see  the  plays  and  that 
the  actors  are  lunatics. 

But  why  are  all  those  tea  pots 
on  the  stage?  Why  so  much  dis- 
turbance and  talking  in  the  audi- 
ence? 

The  answers  are:  that  the  front 
row  of  seats  has  no  bench  table 
in  front  as  do  the  other  seats,  so 
the  men  sitting  in  front  rows,  put 

their  tea  pots  on  the  stage 

.  .  It's  perfectly  all  right  to  greet 
your  friend  whom  you  may  have 
spied,  drinking  his  tea  over  there 
some  ten  or  fifteen  rows  distant. 
It's  all  right  because  these  things 
are  "being  done"  in  China. 

Oh  yes,  the  play;  an  actor  has 
just  come  on  with  a  yellow  face, 
which  means  that  he  is  a  "God." 
The  other  two  men  with  black 
faces  are  taking  the  parts  of  ene- 
mies. The  yellow-faced  individual 
has  just  announced  what  he  is  go- 
ing to  do  in  the  play  and  just  how 
he  is  going  to  do  it.  We  glance 
from  stage  to  audience  and  finally 
decide  that  the  au- 
Audienee  dience  provides 
us.  more     fun     for     us 

Actors  than    the    actors  — 

perhaps  we  are 
more  surprised  than  entertained 
for  there  are  Chinamen  here,  there 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  June,  1934 


FORDERER 

Cornice  Works 

Manufacturers  of 
Hollow  Metal  Products 
Interior  Metal  Trim 
Elevator  Fronts  and  Cabs 
Metal  Wall  Plugs,  Anchors,  Etc. 
Sheet  Metal  Products 
Sanitary  Metal  Base 
Commercial  Refrigerators 
Building  Paper 
Metal  and  Wire  Accessories 

for  Concrete 

269  POTRERO  AVENUE 

San  Francisco,  Calif. 

HEmlock  4100 

CONSULT  OUR  ENGINEERING 

DEPARTMENT 


Phone  GArfield  1164 

Hunter  &  Hudson 

Consulting  Engineers 

DESIGNERS  OF  HEATING 
AIR  CONDITIONING 
VENTILATING  AND  WIRING 
SYSTEMS,  MECHANICAL 
AND  ELECTRICAL  EQUIP- 
MENT OF  BUILDINGS 

41  SUTTER  STREET 

ROOM  710 
San  Francisco  California 


Melrose  Lumber 
&  Supply  Co. 


LUMBER  AND 
MILL   WORK 


46th  Ave.  and  E.  12th  St. 
Oakland 

Phones:  FRuitvale  0240  —  0251 


and  everywhere,  dropping  their 
walnut  shells  and  orange  peels  on 
the  floor.  Since  there  are  no  cus- 
pidors in  China,  they  spit  upon 
the  floors. 

Our  guide  asks  us  to  try  a 
branch  of  apples.  They  are  crab- 
apples  on  a  string  with  shelled 
walnuts  between  the  halves,  the 
whole  having  been  dipped  in  boil- 
ing sugar.  They  are  the  same 
strings  of  apples  which  we  saw 
being  hauled  through  the  dust- 
blown  streets  on  the  back  of  that 
filthy  -  looking  Chinese  vendor, 
only  this  very  afternoon.  Conceal- 
ing our  inhibitions,  we  try  a  string 
of  apples. 

What  are  those  steaming  towels 
being  thrown  about?  Would  you 
like  one?  You  may  have  a  hot 
towel  thrown  to  you  by  the  atten- 
dant. When  you  are  through  with 
it  you  may  throw  it  back  to  the 
attendant  who  in  turn  will  throw 
it  to  a  man  at  the  rear  of  the 
theatre  who  stands  by  the  tub. 
This  fellow  will  put  the  towel  in 
perfumed  hot  water,  smell  water, 
the  Chinese  call  it;  wring  it  out 
and  fling  it  back  again  for  the 
next  victim.  Everyone  is  here  to 
eat,  drink  and  be  merry;  thoughts 
of  germs  and  bacteria  do  not  enter 
here. 

It  is  now  11:30  p.m.,  and  it  is 
the  time  when  the  stars  of  the 
Chinese  drama  begin  to  appear,  al- 
though this  performance  started  at 
7:30.  Of  course,  it  doesn't  take 
that  long  to  finish  a  play.  The  in- 
dividual play  only  lasts  about  for- 


P.   F.   REILLY 

Building 

Contractor 

and  Manager  of 

Construction 


730  ELLIS  STREET 
San  Francisco 

Telephone  TU.xedo  96.56 


Good  Bmildifflgs  Deserve 
Good  Hardware 


larket  Street 

SUttcr  6063 


HARDWOOD 

FLOORING 

HEADQUARTERS 

GOLDEN  STATE 

FLOORING 
CORPORATION 


C.  E.  COAXES,  Manager 
SAN  FRANCISCO 


Rhode  Island  Street 
Bet.  16th  and  17th 


PhoncMArket  3177 


JOSEPH  MUSTO 

SONS-KEENAN 
COMPANY 

MARBLE 

and 

ONYX 


53:    NORTH    POINT   STREE' 

SAN   FRANCISCO 

1801  S.  SOTO  STREET 

LOS  ANGELES 


XEXT  MO]\TH 

Unusual  Type  of  Steel 

Construction  at  Stanford 

University  described 

by  the 

Engineers. 

Architect  and  Engineer 

for  July. 


Specify 

DICKEY 

CLAY 
PRODUCTS 


Dickey  Maetertile 

Face  Brick 

Partition  Tile 

Fire  Brick 

Drain  Tile 

Paving  Brick 

Fireproofing  Tile 

Wall  Coping 

Floor  Tile 

Flue  Lining 

Common  Brick 

Dickey  Flashi 

ng  Block 

W.  S.  DICKEY  CLAY  MFG. 
COMPANY 

SAN  FRANCISCO 


72 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  June,  1934 


Pacific 

Manufacturing 

Company 

High  Class  Interior  Finish 
QuaHty  Millwork 

Monadnock  Bldg.        641  Merrill  Ave. 
San  Francisco  Los  Angeles 

GArfield  7755  AXridge  9011 


1315  S 


Bventh  Street,  Oakland 
GLencourt  7850 


SMITH 

Lumber  Company 

OF  OAKLAND 


Lumber  and  Mill  Work 


19TH  AVE.  AND  ESTUARY 
Oakland,  California 

FRuitvale   3174 


G  U  I  L  F  O  Y 
Cornice   Works 

General  Sheet  Metal 


Fire  Doors 

GUILFOY  CORNICE  WORKS 
1234   Howard  Street 

San   Francisco 
Phone:  MArket  0561 


TRANSIT-MIX 
CONCRETE 

A  Perfect-Blend 
Material 

Golden  Gate  Atlas 
Materials  Co. 

Sixteenth  and  Harrison  Streets 

San    Francisco 

Phone  HEmlock  7020 


ty-five  minutes  each.  Usually  the 
theatre  will  start  a  performance 
about  7:30  p.m.  which  runs  ordi- 
narily until  1  :00  a.m. 

Chinese  people  go  to  the  theatre 
to  rest,  eat  and  seek  comfort, 
therefore  the  hot  towels,  food, 
and  extemporaneous  conversation. 
Even  the  actors 
Actors  fall  into  the  spirit 

Like  of     the     occasion. 

Their  Tea  Should  an  actor 
feel  hot  and  un- 
comfortable under  his  hairy  wig. 
he  may  stop  in  the  middle  of  his 
act  and  ask  for  a  drink  of  tea. 
Tea  seems  to  be  a  panacea  for 
most  discomforts  and  the  time  or 
the  place  for  imbibing  this  univer- 
sal beverage  is  of  little  conse- 
quence. 

We  noticed  that  men  occupied 
the  first  floor.    Women  and  chil- 
dren sit  in  the  balcony.    On  occa- 
sion a  Chinaman  may  sit  with  his 
newly   acquired   concubine   in   the 
upper  seating   area.    If   the  audi- 
ence gets  interested  enough  in  the 
acting  and  takes  a  liking  to  some 
particular    star,    they    will    shout, 
"Jiow"  —  "how"     which     means, 
good.     These    people    go    to    the 
theatre  to  hear  the  actor,  not  the 
play.    The  price   of   admission   to 
most  of  these  theatres  is  inexpen- 
sive,  and  since  but  two  per  cent 
of  the  people  read,  the  shows  be- 
come a  means  of  diversion  and  are 
quite  thoroughly  attended. 

Chinese  actors  must  learn  375 
parts    before    they    can    graduate. 
This  requires  about  seven  years  of 
constant  study.    The  subject  mat- 
ter is   taught   by  word   of   mouth 
and  is  usually  beaten  into  the  stu- 
dent without  recourse,  so  that  stu- 
dents become  real  slaves  to  their 
masters    in    every    sense    of    the 
meaning.    Boys  have  their  voices 
broken  by  being  made  to  yell  for 
long   periods  of   time  at  the  very 
topmost    pitch.      Then    they    are 
trained   as    female    impersonators. 
Upon    graduation,    a    student    is 
forced  to  appear  in  back-country 
play-houses    until    the    necessary 
experience  is  acquired  in  acting  as 
well  as  in  the  dodging  of  old  eggs 


YALE" 

B  U  I  L  D  E  R  S' 
LOCKS  AND 
HARDWARE 


Unsurpassed  Quality 
Security  -  Durability 

Distributed  by 

MARSHALL   -   NEWELL 
SUPPLY  CO. 

SAN  FRANCISCO.  CALIF. 


REPUBLIC  STEEL 

CORPORATION 


Manujacturcrs  of 
ENDURO    Stainless    Steel;    TON- 
CAN     Copper    Molybdenum     Iron 
Sheets    and    Pipe;    and    Steel    Pipe, 
Sheets     and     Reinforcing     Bar     for 
every  building  purpose. 
Write  jar  informatwn 
Rialto    Building,    San    Francisco,    Calif. 
Edison     Building,     Los    Angeles,    Calif. 
Smith    Tower    Building,    Seattle,    Wash. 


yViCCCDCy  PRESS 

We  Print 

The  ARCHITECT  and 

ENGINEER 

"A  Thing  of  Beauty 
Is  a  Joy  Forever" 

942    HOWARD    STREET 
SAN    FRANCISCO 


Grinnell  Automatic 
SPRINKLER 

GRINNELL   COMPANY 

OF  THE  PACIFIC 


ENGINEERS  AND 
CONTRACTORS 


VALVES,  PIPE   and   FITTINGS 

601    BR  ANN  AN  STREET 

San  Francisco 


The  Architect  and  Engir\eer,  June,  1934 


DINWIDDIE 

CONSTRUCTION 

COMPANY 

Builders  of  the _  new  gymna- 
sium, University  of  Cali- 
fornia; Grace  C ath edral, 
Russ  Building  and  Hartford 
Insurance  Building,  San 
Francisco;  Life  Science 
Building,  University  of  Cali- 
fornia, Berkeley. 

CROCKER  BUILDING 
SAN  FRANQSCO 


Anderson  &  Mingrose 


General  Contractors 


320  Market  Street,  San  Francisco 
Phone  DOuglas  1373 


Robert  W.  Hunt  Company 

ENGINEERS 

Inspection    -    Tests    -    Consultation 

Schools  and  Other  Structures 
Are  Built  as  Designed 

When   Construction    Materials   are 

Impeded  at  faint  oj  Manufacture 

and  durmg  Erection   by 

ROBERT  W.  HUNT  COMPANY 


Cement.  Concrete,  Chemical.  Melalhirgical, 
X-Ray  and  Physical  Laboratories 


Chicago      -      New  York      -      Pittsburgh 

Lob  Angeles     -     All  Large  Cities 
San    Francisco,    251    Kearny    Street 


Chicago 

HOSPITAL 

SILENT  CALL 
SIGNAL  SYSTEMS 


GARNETT    YOUNG    AND   CO. 

Pacific  Coast  Sales  Engineers 
190    FOURTH    ST,    SAN    FRANCISCO 
Seattle  Los  Angeles  Portland 


and  other  produce.  Then  comes 
another  seven  years  on  the  "legiti- 
mate" stage  with  practically  no  re- 
muneration because  of  the  fact 
that  it  takes  about  seven  years  to 
pay  the  master  for  his  didactic 
ownership  in  the  full-fledged  ac- 
tor. Upon  settlement  with  his 
teacher  the  Chinese  actor  is  on  his 
own. 

He  is  now  considered  one  of  the 
lowest  social  forms  of  develop- 
ment, for  he  is  ranked  in  the  same 
category  with  the  barber,  soldier, 
and  undertaker.  Such  are  the  steps 
to  glory  for  the  individual  who 
seeks  to  obtain  stardom  in  the 
Chinese  drama. 


GLASS  HOUSE 

America's  first  glass  house 
makes  its  appearance  at  the 
World's  Fair  in  Chicago  this  sum- 
mer. It  is  a  home,  built  to  live  in, 
complete,  pre  -  fabricated  in  the 
factory.  George  Fred  Keck,  its 
architect,  says  that  it  can  be  put 
up  in  two  weeks.  I^  is  known  as 
the  Crystal  House.  It  will  be 
placed  on  Northerly  Island.  The 
"House  of  Tomorrow"  in  the 
Home  and  Industrial  Arts  exhibit 
will  be  open  again  this  year.  Mr. 
Keck  is  the  architect  of  this  house 
also. 

This  new  type  of  house,  revo- 
lutionary in  construction,  has  a 
steel  frame  which  bears  all  loads. 
All  exterior  walls  are  of  glass, 
opaque  where  desired,  and  with- 
out glare  throughout.  It  is  com- 
pletely air  conditioned  and  such 
windows  as  are  used  are  fixed. 

Floors  are  of  concrete  or  rubber 
tile,  either  material  being  used,  de- 
pending on  requirements.  All  trim 
is  metal,  including  door  jambs 
and  base.  Doors  are  metal  cov- 
ered. Every  electrical  convenience 
is  installed,  the  kitchen  being  me- 
chanized. 

The  Crystal  House  is  frankly 
experimental.  The  'World's  Fair 
is  in  many  ways  a  laboratory  in 
which  to  study  human  reactions 
to  so  extraordinary  an  idea.  The 
builders  desire  to  find  out  what 
the  public,  as  a  mass,  thinks  of 
the   idea. 


aSMKRAIT 

REG.  U.  S.  PAT.  OFF. 

"More  than  a 
building  paper" 


THE  SISALKRAFT  CO. 

205  West  Wacker  Drive 

(Canal  Station)    Chicago,  111. 

55  New  Montgomery  Street 

San  Francisco,  Calif. 


CRAN  E 

High  Class  Plumlbing 
Fixtures 


All  Principal  Coast  Cities 


THE  TORMEY 
COMPANY 

GENERAL  PAINTERS 
AND  DECORATORS 

Phone  UNderhill  1913 


563  FULTON  STREET 
San  Francisco 


Scott  -  Buttner 
Electric  Co. 

2.3r(l  and  Webster  Sis.,  Oakland 

34  Harriet  St.,  San  Francisco 

Authorized  Agents 

tor 

HOLOPHANE  LIGHTING 
EQUIPMENT 

Call  us  for  information  on  the  newly 
developed  reflector  for  industrial  use. 
It  will  increase  your  liffhtinsr  efficiency 
by  50%. 


74 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  June.  1934 


Gas  Burning 

Equipment 
Vacuum  Pump 

Governors 
Vacuum  Re&ulatin 

Valves 
Continuous  Flow 

Steam 

Traps 
Thermostats 
Reducing  Valves 
Boiler  Feed-Water 

Regulators 


Oil  Pumping  Sets 
Oil  Valves 
Oil  Strainers 
Steam  Oil  Strainers 
Duplex  Oil  Pumps 
Rotary  Oil  Pumps 
Boiler  Feed  Pumps 
Water  Heaters 
Oil  Meters 


VAUGHN-G.LWITTCo. 

ENGINEERS 

C.  W.  Vaughn.  President  and  ManaRer 

MANUFACTURERS  AND 
DISTRIBUTORS 

4224-28  Hollis  St.      Phone  OLympic  6084 
Emeryville.  Oaliland,  Calif. 


LUXOR 


WINDOW     SHADES 

Translucent  Shading 

of  highest  count 

cambric 


William  Volker  &  Co. 

631  Howard  Street 

San  Francisco 


LEATHER-STEEL 

RUBBER-COCOA 

WOOD 

Mats  and  Mattings 

Ezy-Rug   Carpet-Tex 

Manufactured  and  Installed  by 

LEATHER 
MAT   MFG.  CO. 

340  Sansomc  St.  San  Francisco 


Some  of  the  radical  ideas  are: 
There  are  no  closets;  wardrobes, 
easily  cleaned,  are  substituted. 
There  are  no  electric  light  fixtures 
as  such,  or  brackets;  all  lighting  is 
from  plug-in-lamps,  easily  moved. 
There  are  no  masonry  walls,  no 
basement;  living  rooms  have  gone 
up-stairs. 

The  ground  floor  contains  the 
garage,  heating  and  cooling  unit 
room,  laundry  facilities,  a  recrea- 
tion room  and  entrance  hall.  The 
second,  or  living  floor,  contains  a 
combination  living  -  and  -  dining 
room  and  a  kitchen;  the  third  floor, 
two  bedrooms  and  two  baths. 

Exterior  walls  of  the  lower,  or 
service  floor,  of  the  Crystal  House 
are  of  opaque  glass.  The  upper 
walls  are  transparent,  giving  one 
the  feeling  of  practically  living 
out-of-doors.  When  privacy  is  de- 
sired, or  the  outside  light  is  too 
strong,  mechanical  shades  are 
rolled  down. 

The  house  is  so  designed  that 
it  can  be  almost  wholly  pre-fabri- 
cated  in  a  factory.  When  the  parts 
are  brought  to  the  homesite  all 
that  is  left  to  do  is  to  put  them 
together.  It  is  estimated  that  the 
enclosure,  walls,  roof,  etc.,  can  be 
put  up  in  one  week.  Another  week 
is  allowed  for  instalhnq  the  plumb- 
ing, heating,  air-conditioning,  elec- 
trical work  and  what  little  car- 
pentry as  is  necessary. 


CALIFORNIA  PATENT 
A    brick   wall   construction   has 
been     invented     by     Walter     R. 
Simons  of  Los  Angeles. 

The  construction  comprises  two 
opposed  tiers  of  blocks,  in  each 
tier  the  blocks  of  a  lower  course 
having  transverse  corrugations  on 
their  upper  faces  and  the  blocks 
of  the  next  higher  course  having 
transverse  corrugations  on  their 
lower  faces,  flanges  which  extend 
in  a  vertical  plane  being  formed 
around  the  outer  faces  of  the 
blocks  in  each  tier  of  the  wall,  and 
a  cementitious  filling  in  said 
spaces,  tie  rods  occupying  spaces 
formed  by  opposite  corrugations, 
said  tie  rods  having  lateral  exten- 
sion to  key  them  in  place,  each  of 


Clients 

applaud 

when  you 

specify 

DUTCH  BOY 


NATIONAL   LEAD  CO. 


San  Francisco 
Los  Angeles 
Portland 


Oakland 

Seattle 
Spokane 


FERRY 

METAL 

SHELVING 

The   ideal   galvanised 
shelving  for  commer- 
cial refrigerator  in- 
stallations. 

Manufactured  by 

FERRY     SHEET 
METAL     WORKS 

INC. 
980  Folsom  St.  San  Francisco 

Telephone  KEarny  1573 


ARMCO 

Special  Analysis 

Iron  and  Steel 

Sheets  and  Plates 

For  Building  Construction 

• 

TITE  AMERICAN  ROLLING  MILL  CO. 
540  Tenth  Street,  San  Francisco 

Phone:  MArket  3495 
32  W.  Connecticut  Street,  Seattle 


I  7/  Specify  Armco  Sheets  and 

kjRMCrf  Plates    for    all    purposes 

\\//  where  durable,   finely- 

\V/  finished  construction  is 

\y  required. 


The  Architect  arid  Engineer,  June.  1934 


75 


McNEAR  BRICK 

FOR 

Beauty  amd 

Permamemce 

(TVS 

McNear  Brick  Company 

Main  OS'ce  and  Factories 
McNEAR  POINT 
San  Rafael,  Calif. 

San  Francisco  OSice  and  Yard 
417  BERRY  STREET 

J.  KAPLAN 

PATENT 
ATTORNEY 

Washington  Loan  &  Trust  BIdg. 
Washington,  D.  C. 


U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents 

Trade-marks 

Architects'   Plans   Protected 

H'r'te  for  Information 


Agents     in     all     Foreign     Countries 


NORTON  DOOR 

CLOSER 

CO. 


Agents 

NORTON  PACIFIC  SALES  CO. 

667   Howard  Street  San   Francisco 


McClintic-Marshall 
Corporation 


Subsidiary  of 
Bethlehem 


Steel 
Corporation 


STEEL  BRIDGES 
and  BUILDINGS 

llOth    St.    &    Central    Ave. 
Los  Angeles,  Calif. 


said  rods  being  thereby  keyed  to 
blocks  of  both  tiers,  the  length  of 
said  tie  rods  being  slightly  less 
than  the  distance  between  the 
flanges  at  opposite  sides  of  the 
wall. 


BUILDING  FOR  MAY 

Building  permits  as  revealed  by 
the  twenty-five  cities  on  the  Pa- 
cific Coast  reporting  largest  vol- 
ume during  May  1934  were  ap- 
proximately 25%  higher  than  in 
April,  but  due  to  issuance  of  per- 
mits for  the  construction  of  the 
San  Francisco  -  Oakland  Bay 
Bridge  they  were  materially  lower 
than  in  May  1933.  according  to 
the  Western  Monthly  Building 
Survey  prepared  by  H.  R.  Baker 
&  Company  of  San  Francisco.  The 
figures  of  the  past  month,  how- 
ever, were  approximately  the  same 
as  the  same  month  of  1933,  elim- 
inating abnormal  developments. 
Permits  for  the  twenty-five  cities 
amounted  to  $4,663,612  in  May 
1934,  compared  with  $3,700,405  in 
April  and  $35,961,763  in  May 
1933. 

Sixteen  Pacific  Coast  cities  re- 
ported increases  in  May  over 
April.  Twelve  showed  increases 
in  May  over  May  of  last  year  and 
ten  reported  gains  in  May  over 
both  previous  months. 

Totals  for  the  seventy-five  cit- 
ies reporting  for  May  were  $5,- 
288,188  compared  with  $36,701,- 
135  in  the  same  month  last  year. 

May  1934     April  1934    May  1933 


Los  Angeles 

$1,028,023  ? 

.129,630  % 

1,415,742 

San  Francisco    . 

613,417 

496,321 

31,815,676 

Seattle,  Wash.   . 

582,530 

173,250 

139,870 

Tortland.  Ore.    . 

288.605 

236.310 

131,965 

San  Ber'd'o        . 

224,817 

7.260 

14.360 

Oakland        .     . 

220,920 

177.631 

152,434 

Beverly  Hills     . 

202,800 

179.500 

204,460 

Glendale       .     . 

202,490 

93.915 

77,204 

San  Mateo    .     . 

158.055 

8,845 

41,825 

Vancouver,  B.C 

119.235 

143.380 

160,117 

Long  Beach 

105,526 

110.449 

923,540 

Fresno     .     .     . 

99,820 

94.051 

20,646 

San  Diego    .     . 

87,233 

155.374 

186,749 

Stockton       .     . 

82.042 

136.825 

19,768 

Ogden,  Utah      . 

76,850 

14,989 

15,230 

Sacramento 

74,021 

153.714 

82,695 

Yakima,   Wash. 

73.260 

21.758 

6,775 

Phoenix,  Ariz.  . 

65,815 

24,220 

150,265 

San  Marino 

58,132 

26,689 

70,928 

Spokane,  Wash. 

53,205 

72,955 

62,785 

Tucson,  Ariz. 

50,119 

20,979 

21,923 

Berkeley 

50,101 

61,205 

43,001 

Pasadena      . 

49,647 

101,379 

84,879 

.\lameda 

48,775 

19.998 

64.398 

Santa  Ana    . 

48,174 

39,778 

54,528 

MULLEN  MFG. 
COMPANY 

BANK,  STORE  AND  OFHCE 

nXTURES— CABINET  WORK 

OF  GUARANTEED  QUALITY 

CHURCH  SEATING 


Office  and  Factory: 

64  RAUSCH  ST..  Bet.  7th  and  8th  StI. 

San  Franciaco 

Telephone  HE  miock  2858 


G.  P.  W.  Jensen  &  Son 


Building  Construction 


320  Market  Street,  San  Francisco 
Phone  2444   y 


MacDonald  &  Kahn 

General 
Contractors 

Financial   Center   Bldg. 

405  Montgomery  St. 

San  Franeiiea 


$4,663,612   $3,700,405  $35,961,763 


BUILDING  CONSTRUCTION 

Recent  Contracts  Completed 
Y.  W.  C.  A.  Building 

San  Francisco 
Library  Building 

Berkeley 
Post  Office  Building 

Oakland 
City  Hospital 

Palo  Alto 
Home  of  the  Blind 

Berkeley 

K.  E.  PARKER  CO.,  INC. 

135  South  Park  San  Franciico 

Phone  KE  ARNY  6640 


76 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  June.  1934 


«AN  FRANCISC*. 
^ifBLlC  LIBRARY 


THE 

AIMD 

En^ilMEER 


JULY   1934 


San  Francisco's  famed 
HOTEL    ST.    FRANCIS 

uses  gas  for  beating,  cooking, 
water-heating,  laundry. 
• 
Steam  supplied  by  two  350 -H.  P.  straight- 
tube   boilers,    with    multi-jet   gas    burners; 
under  high   pressure   for   laundry;    10   lbs. 
pressure  for  cooking;  reduced  pressure  for 
heating  and  water- heating.  Boiler  pressure 
automatically  controls  gas  pressure. 


COMPARE  THESE  RECORDINGS 

¥rom   Hotel  St.  Francis   Pressure   Gauge 


PREVIOUS  FUEL 

(SUMMER) 

Note  24-hour  variation 
and  irregularity,despite 
constant  "fussing"  with 
burners  to  compen- 
sate for  peak  loads. 


"THE  ONLY  FUEL" 


• ' '  says  T.W  Ireland.  Chief  Engineer 


Hotel  St. Francis,  San  Francisco 


An  almost  "flat"  pressure-line  ,i, 
. . .  fuel  bills  cut  25  per  cent .  . .  furnace  repairs ' 
reduced  75  per  cent . . .  clean  stacks  and  a  cleaner 
building  —  these  are  some  of  the  reasons  cited' 
by  Chief  Engineer  Ireland  for  his  enthusiastic 
endorsement  of  gas. 

Lower  stack-temperatures,  too,  mean  less  heat-: 
wastage.  And  the  fuel  is  always  "on  tap".  . .  noi 
storage,  no  delays,  no  dirt!  "Gas,"  says  Mr.il 
Ireland,  "is  the  only  fuel." 

GAS  IS  UNSURPASSED  in  'recoverable"  (effective, 
usable)  BTU's  *  per  dollar  for  practically  every  heat  require- 
ment. Your  gas  company's  technical  staff  has  proof,  applica- 
ble to  every  type  of  building,  and  will  gladly  consult  with 
you  on  any  installation.  No  charge  for  this  practical  service. 

*BTU  {British  Thermal  l/n// )— Standard  of  heat  measurement.  Heat 
required  to  raise  temperature  of  one  pound  of  water,  one  degree  F. 


WITH   GAS 

(  WINTER ) 

A  nearly  flat  line,  the 
only  appreciable  vari- 
ation being  between 
night  and  day  (less  pres- 
sure required  at  night). 


PACIFIC    COAST    GAS    ASSOCIATION,   INC. 

{A  non-profit  sen  ice  organization  of  u'hich  your  Gas  Company  is  a  member} 

447    SUTTER    STREET,    SAN    FRANCISCO,    CALIFORNIA 


H  E  ATI  N  G 


CONTROLLED    BY 
A    SINGLE 

JOHNSON 

REGULATION  SYSTEM 


For  automatic  control  of  AIR  CONDITIONING  installations  the  JOHNSON  System  -^'"d«  ^ -- 
olete  line  of  devices  ....  Dampers  and  Valves  ....  Differential  Thermostats  to  mamtam  suitable 
St  onships  between  outdoor  and  indoor  temperatures  ....  Remote  Read.ustable  Thermostats 
reset  automatically  in  accordance  v.ith  temperature  changes  at  a  remote  pomt  .  .  .  •  Hum.dostats 
nd  Wet-bulb  Thermostats  for  humidity  control  .  .  .  .Velocity  and  Staticpressure  Regu^tors  to 
operate  dampers  for  the  control  of  velocity  and  pressure  in  th«,^duct  ^^V^t^-"  '  "  .  '  ^''Xi 
Co   CH-'j'-^Wng,De^um,J/fy/ng- whatever  the   problem,   JOHNSON   apparatus   .s   ava.lable. 


Modern  air  conditioning  systems  are  designed  for 
winter  heating  and  for  summer  cooling.  Usually,  the 
same  central  plants  or  unit  conditioners  are  adapted 
for  use  under  both  conditions.  Johnson  Systems  ot 
automatic  temperature  and  humidity  control  are  de- 
signed for  this  dual  service.  Valves,  Dampers  Thermo- 
stats—all  of  the  Johnson  devices— may  be  shifted  from 
one  service  to  the  other  by  the  simple  operation  of  a 
seasonal  switch For  instance,  >/j«so«  room  type 


thermostats,  pictured  above,  are  set  from  a  central 
point,  to  control  either  cooling  or  heating,  as  re- 
quired, and  to  function  at  different  temperatures  for 
each  condition— "Summer"  or  "Winter." 

Johnson  apparatus  has  been  developed  for  every 
application  encountered  in  the  automatic  control  of 
air  conditioning.  Each  Johmon  instrument  is  precise 
and  accurate,  designed  to  meet  the  most  exacting 
requirements  of  air  conditioning  engineers. 


SINCE  JOHNSON   SERVICE   COMPANY 

188    5      Main  Office  and  Factory:  Milwaukee,  Wis.  Branch  Offices  in  Principal  Cities 


mnsBi 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  July.  1934 


Thumb  Tacks  and  T- Square 


PRESENTA'I'ION  of  i\k-  Aiiu-ri- 
can  Institute  of  Arcliitccts'  (Jold  Medal 
by  President  Roosevelt  in  the  East  Room 
of  the  White  House  on  May  16  to  Pro- 
fessor Ragnar  Ostberg,  architect  of 
Stockholm's  famous  town  hall,  was  a 
happy  incident  of  the  recent  A.  I.  A. 
convention.  President  Roosevelt's  im- 
promptu and  winning  remarks  were  most 
appropriate.  He  compared  the  days  of 
the  early  Renaissance  with  the  present 
day,  marking  them  both  as  a  time  ol 
experimentation.  This  is  the  elcvenih 
Gold  Medal  pre.scnted  by  the  Institute  to 
architects  for  distinguished  .service.  Six 
of  these  have  gone  to  American  archi- 
tects, two  to  English,  two  to  French,  .uKi 
now  one  to  a  Swedish  architect. 

::    ::    n 

PORTLAND  h.is  just  adopted  a 
now  housing  code,  a  code  which  is  a 
novel  experiment  in  housing  regiilation 
tcchnic.  It  is  the  outcome  of  almost 
twenty  years  of  conflict  between  interests 
that  have  struggled  to  gain  supremacy 
in  housing  matters.  It  is  a  compromise 
but  one  which  may  result  in  a  better 
understanding  of  the  prolilein  by  .ill  inter- 
ested  parties. 

The  basic  priEiciple  upon  which  lliis 
code  is  founded  is  the  assumption  th.u 
anything  which  discourages  or  makes  im- 
possible bad  housing,  or  which  encour- 
.iges  .uid  makes  possible  good  housiny. 
sh.ill  be  permitted.  This  may  not,  at  lirst 
thought,  impress  one  as  a  proper  founda- 
tion for  a  housing  code,  but  .some  exam- 
ples of  how  it  is  applied  may  clarify  any 
unwarranted  misconceptions.  Keep  in 
mind  that  there  are  at  least  two  distinctly 
different  viewpoinis  of  ihose  interested 
in  housing  one  tlie  unsellish  housing 
enthusia.st  and  the  other  those  who  are 
constructing  living  quarters  for  invest- 
ment sake,  wholly  or  in  part. 

The   old    Portland  code   "prohibited" 
ihe    new    code    "allows"    but   only    under 
circumstances  whicli   m.ike   for  good   liv- 
ing conditions. 

Ormond  \i  He.m.  architect  of  Port- 
land, referriiu.i  to  the  Porthind  code  ill  .1 
talk  before  llu-  Western  (:<)nfereiKe  on 
Governmcnl  .il  (he  Uuiversiiy  ol  { !.ili 
fornia,  decl. ued: 

"It  is  the  most  complete  housing  code 
that  I  have  been  able  to  Hnd  in  my  studies 
of  the  subject.  Its  completeness,  of  neces 
sity,  requires  detailed  regulations.  This 
completeness  may  cause  its  downfall  tin 
less  very  carefully  administered.    After  il 


has  been  firmly  established  it  may  be 
possible  to  simplify  it  to  a  marked  degree. 
It  will  receive  its  greatest  criticism  from 
those  who  do  not  want  to  u.se  their  heads 
in  designing  buildings.  That  class  of 
technician,  if  he  can  be  so  classed,  wants 
to  take  the  path  of  least  resistance,  and 
when  required  to  u.se  his  brains,  objects. 
This  code  is  .so  flexible  in  its  regulation 
that  almost  anything  can  be  done  under 
it  by  the  designer  and  it  should  result  in 
good  housing  conditions. 

'To  simplify  and  make  more  easily  un- 
derstandable, the  code  includes  one  hun- 
dred and  six  explanatory  diagrams  .so  ar- 
r.inged  that  they  appear  in  the  text  where 
needed, 

"The  text  of  the  code  has  been  so  ar- 
ranged that  everything  which  has  to  do 
with  a  certain  subject  is  grouped  in  one 
section  or  title.  Definitions  have  been 
clarified  and  new  definitions  and  terms 
coined  where  thought  needed.  Precedent 
did  not  hamper  the  new  code.  New  names 
were  applied,  such  as  group  family 
dwelling,'  'recess  court,'  'isolated  yard,' 
'required  building  site,'  and  may  more 
which  helped  to  cover  particular  which 
arose  during  the  writing  of  the  code. 

"The  idea  which  made  po.ssible  this 
code  was  the  idea  th.it  there  arc  two 
sides  to  the  question  and  that  each  side 
could  and  should  be  taken  into  considera- 
tion in  drawing  up  a  practical  regulation. 
I  .1111  sure  that  both  sides  will  admit  that 
the  new  code  has  certain  advantages  for 
each.  I  am  sure  that  the  housing  enthusi- 
a.sts  will  admit  that  the  new  code  will 
improve  living  conditions  to  a  marked 
degree.  I  .1111  sure  the  designer  will  ad- 
mit th.u  the  flexiliilily  of  Ihe  coile  will 
encourage  a  better  class  of  construction 
and  investment.  It  is  a  novel  experiment 
which  I  believe  will  be  the  foundation  of 
many  future  codes." 

There  is  a  hou.sing  commi.s-sion  set  up 
lo  .issist  in  the  administration  of  the  Port- 
hind  code  and  in  recommending  to  the 
Gity  Gouncil  revisions  and  changes  in  the 
regulations  whenever  such  changes  seem 
needed.  The  code  has  been  written  with 
past  evasions,  past  difficulties  and  past 
standards  in  mind.  It  will  correct  many 
of  those  and  it  shoulil  prove  a  big  step 
low.ird  more  perleel  lioiisiiu|  conditions 
111   Ihe   Rose  Gity. 

tx    n    :: 

THE  severe  drought  condition  in 
the  middle  west  has  focusscd  attention 
oil  all  available  sources  of  water  supply. 
Shortage   of   water   is   in.ide   doubly    seri- 


ous by  unsanitary  disposal  of  sewage 
into  the  extremely  low  water  courses. 
Few  people  realize  the  importance  of 
adequate  disposal  of  domestic  wastes. 
Sewerage  facilities  like  water  supply 
services  are  taken  for  granted.  It  is  only 
in  such  emergencies  as  the  present  that 
local  interest  can  be  aroused. 

In  every  state  there  are  numerous  com- 
munities where  the  purity  of  drinking 
water  is  dependent  upon  sewage  treat- 
ment in  other  communities  upstream.  It 
is  a  just  obligation  upon  each  community 
to  see  that  its  wastes  are  so  treated  or 
disposed  of  that  they  do  not  contaminate 
their  own  water  supply  or  that  of  other 
communities.  An  adequate  sewerage  sys- 
tem with  a  modern  sewage  disposal  plant 
is  urgently  needed  in  hundreds  of  com- 
munities. 

The  need  was  recognized  by  the  Fed- 
eral government  which  allotted  $133,000,- 
000  of  the  Public  Works  funds  for  sew- 
■ige  disposal  projects  that  were  deemed 
e.s.sontial.  Millions  more  could  be  spent 
to  good  advantage  but  unfortunately 
worthwhile  projects  are  destined  to  lie 
dormant  through  lack  of  public  support. 
The  apathy  of  the  public  toward  proj- 
ects of  such  vital  concern  is  amazing. 
Let  some  one  with  a  communicable  dis- 
ea.se  expose  others  and  we  immediately 
and  emphatically  dem.ind  isolation  of  the 
individual,  but  we  .ire  ir.)t  equally  insist- 
ent, in  fact  very  little  concerned,  when 
thousands  are  expo.sed  to  water  borne 
disease  caused  by  un.sanitary  dispo.sal  of 
wastes. 

More  active  interest  is  needed  in  mat- 
ters of  such  vital  importance  in  our  daily 
lives  as  .safe  sewage  dispo.sal.  A  modern 
sewage  treatment  plant  is  an  inexpensive 
utility.  Il  cm  be  made  attractive  in  ap- 
pearance and  free  from  odors.  We  need 
more  of  them  and  we  cannot  well  .ifford 
to    be    without    them. 

:t    t:    :t 

NO  ONE  in  authority  expects 
very  much  out  of  the  Federal  home  re- 
pair and  modernization  plan  this  year. 
Government  officials  are  not  .saying  .so 
publicly,  but  they  have  their  eyes  .set  on 
stimulating  new  construction  next  ye.ir, 
using  this  means  to  suppl.iiit  Ihe  public 
work  program,  which  will  then  be  .ibout 
completed. 

Prices  of  manufactured  goods  gener- 
,illy  will  probably  ease  off  in  relation  to 
other  prices,  which  may  help  to  spread  a 
larger  volume  of  consumplion. 


Tin-  Architr^t  and  luu/ii 


]uh,.  i'>y 


VOLUME  118 
NUMBER  1 


ARCHITECT 

AND  ENGINEER 


JULY 
1934 


KRKPEKICK  W.  JONES,  Editor 

KUr.ARN.  KlKKl'l.FK. 

Aditrlising  iUukujiit  j 

Contribut'mf  Editors 
CLARENCE  R.  WARD,  San  Francisco 
CARLb-rON  MONROE  WINSLOW. 

Los  AngelfS 
HAROLD  W.  DOTY,  Portland,  Ore. 
Cll.\S.  H.  ALDEN,  ieattle,  Wash. 

Consullini:  and  .Advisory  Editors 
LEWIS  r.  HOBART 
TIMOTHY  L.  rKLl'EGER 
ELMER  GREY 
CLARENCE  A.  TANTAl' 
WNL  L.WOOLLErl' 
\V.  C.  HAYS 
JOHN  BAKEWELL.JK. 
lUnVlN  L.SNYDER 
THO^L\SJ.  KENT 
ALUER  r  F.  ROLLER 
J.  SIEWAR  1'  KAIRWI'.A  IMEK 
JOHN  \V    C.REC.C. 
KAl  I'H  1>,  CDKM'Ll 

IU1KAC1-:  c.  cor  ION 

W.  ADRL\N 
JCLIAN  C.  JH'SIC 
11   J,  HKI'NNIEU 

1      11     \lsllkl\S 


38 
43-47 


i2^ontents 

DETAH.  OF  ENTRANCE.  GEOKC.E  S    SIUNIMAN  s^  IIOIM..  N,n   M.> 
Minsk.  Smith  and  FoxnII.  Anhilals 

TEXT 

C.l-ORGE  S.  srONENLW  SCHOOL,  Sail  Miltiuo.  Calii.'ini.i 
lloour  W.  Iladliy.  C.  K. 


NRCHITECITRAL   I  lU  CMKIN 
Ellis  F.  Utertmr.  A.  I     1 

RACETRAlK 


\H<  CUNUmoNlNG 
U'w,  K.  Uiand.  .\1.  E. 

STEEL  FRA^H•; 
fhilip  I.  Haicr.  C.  E. 


WIIH  TIH':  ARCHM'ECrS 

CllVl'TlK    \NI>  CI  Vr.   Ml  ITINCS 

PLATiiS  AND  ILLUSTRAl  IONS 

GFORGE  S,  STONEMAN  SCHOOL,  SAN    MAKINO,   (  \11I()1<NI\ 
\l,i,!h.  Smith  oml  I'owll.  Architects 
MHIIli:    IHUsl.    MM<    1'1L\LCNL\ 

Ml-.ASlKlli    I.KWVINC.    \1H)1!K   HOCSE   NKAK    IMVIALCMA 
LEGI  K    lUHl  1  .    NUIM  U  MM     Hll  1 
\M\IH)K  lUHl  1  .    VMMHIK  CI  1  \ 
ir\M\  11(111  1  ,  MlNOK\ 
HUl'l'.L    Al     IIOUlilNS,    \C1!\    Cdl  \IN 

PERSPECTIVE.  RACING   rl  AN  I     M     \\ll\    1\KK     \UC\1.1\ 
(;.ii(/(i«  />.  kiiulmOHn.  ArJiitcil 

i.i.-ksi'KcnvK  OF  GK\Nii  siwi'  \M'  (Hi;  Hm-r.  i;\i  inc. 

VlANT  ATsVviA    \N1T\    1\KK      \KC\1U\ 
i;,..(/i.n  />'.  liaulmanii.  Anhilcl 

DI-TMLS  OF  TERMITE  UARKU'R 
Ihirrv  H'.  Ahrilhams.  AnhilctI 

-''^T-^sVi!i'^-v\;'?^''iiH^'i^'Y,i;;^MiT:;:^r''^r;;\,r^-;i'-vi-;^^ 

I'.KlUPWW    imV   1  I  \l  I     11  NNI  1      C1\K1   \Nli 


r,ihli..lu-il  monlhly  by    VnV.  ARCIHTKCT  and  K^G1NEER.  INC. 
6'/  Foxcroft  Bitilding.  San  Francisco.  California 

,     ,    1     KlIKCLFF,  ......  WiU.,,..  ERED.K.W.  JONES,  V.........  L.  B,  rENHORWOOD,  S.... 

Vn<.  IV,*  R.p«««<».i..-The  Sp.nc.r  Young  Company,  299  M»-lison  Avx..  Neiv  York  C.y 

•     1         „..     t    f.{\      Cinaila    anil    liirricn    countries.    $6.00   a    yrai. 
V„/,„„/./.,.«v-UniU-.l   sun-,   anil    Pan- Amrrican,    $-1.00   a   yar;    >.nKle    copy.    $   .60.     Canada  l>  rnj. 


DETAIL  OF  ENTRANCE,  GEORGE  S.  STONEMAN  SCHOOL. 
SAN  MARINO,  CALIFORNIA 

MARSH,  SMITH  AND  POWELL,  ARCHITECTS 


THE 

ARCHITECT 

AND  ENGINEER 


JULY  1934 
VOLUME  118 
NUMBER  ONE 


School 

by     Homer     M.    Hadley  * 


gTh 


HERE  being  the 

full  number  of  schools  that  there  is  in  the 
v/orld.  it  is  most  natural  that  at  the  outset 
of  a  brief  description 
of  one  of  them  the 
question  should  be 
asked:  "But  why  write 
or  tell  of  another 
school?  There  are  so 
many,  many  schools  al- 
ready, and  most  of 
them    are    very    much 

alike,   structurally  and 

architecturally.      They 

may  vary  in  size  and  in 

arrangement  of  rooms 

and  parts,  but  in  gen- 
eral plan  and  style  they 

are  monotonouslyalike. 

Why     write     of     one 

school  more?" 

The  best  answer  to 
this  query  is  in  the 
accompanying  illustra- 
tions. The  George  S. 
Stoneman     School     at 


'Regional     Structural     Engii 
land   Cement   Association. 


ARCADE.  GEORGE  S 
SAN  MARINO 
Marsh,  Smith  and  Powel 


San  Marino  is  deserving  of  attention  and 
consideration  for  the  manner  in  which  it  so 
happily  and  pleasingly  meets  the  problem 
of  a  small  elementary  school  to  be  placed 
in  a  residential  district  of  comfortable 
homes  and  beautiful 
gardens. 

The     illustrations 
quite    clearly    indicate 
how    nicely    and    how 
inconspicuously  the 
building     fits    into    its 
environment.    It  is  low 
and  it  rambles  widely 
over     grounds     which 
fortunately  are  of  gen- 
erous size.   Its  tower  is 
low  and  substantial,  it 
is  surrounded  by  lawn 
and     shrubbery,     and 
blank  rectangular  walls 
cut  with  blank  rectan- 
gular  holes   for  blank 
rectangular     windows 
are,     thank     Heavens, 
absent.    It  is  a  school 
imbued    with    the    at- 
tractiveness and  charm 
of    a    pleasant    home, 
suggestive    of     happy 


STONEMAN  SCHOOL, 

1,  Architects 


^  n  ► 


TOWER  SIDE  OF  GEORGE  S.  STONEMAN  SCHOOL,  SAN  MARINO 
Marsh,  Smith  and  Powell,  Architects 


relationships  between  teachers  and  chil- 
dren rather  than  of  a  rectangular  sort  of 
discipline  imposed  willy  nilly  on  hapless 
youngsters  by  a  Greater  Force. 

What  is  nicer  than  the  happy  fancy  of 
the  grilles?  Here  are  variously  shown 
many  of   the   most   notable   characters   of 


GRILL— DETAIL- 
THE  CLOCK' 


"THE  MOUSE  RAN  UP 


childhood.  Bo  Peep,  crook  in  hand,  anx- 
iously searches  for  her  wayward  sheep. 
The  cat  and  the  fiddle,  the  mouse  that  ran 
up  the  clock,  the  fox  and  goose  fill  other 
panels.  And  the  piper  of  Hamelin  town 
swings  forward  with  such  a  springy  step, 
with  such  dancing  notes  coming  forth  from 
his  pipe,  that  it  is  no  wonder  the  rats 
throng  forward  with  him,  crowding  almost 
under  his  feet. 

And  why  should  more  schools  not  be  like 
this?  Why  all  the  pinch-penny  boxes?  Ah. 
but  we  cannot  afford  them!  We  cannot 
afford  them!  Perhaps  not,  but  again  per- 
haps, as  with  most  things  in  life,  we  do  not 
have  the  resolute  will  to  have  them. 

Assuredly  this  much  is  true:  as  long  as 
we  have  a  continuance  of  human  life,  as 
long  as  we  have  an  organized  society,  so 
long  will  there  be  a  continued  need  for 
schools  where  to  the  young  may  be  im- 
parted knowledge  and,  be  it  hoped,  a  mod- 
icum of  wisdom  and  understanding.  The 
need  for  schools  is  continuous  and  un- 
ending. 

And  the  educational  processes  them- 
selves have  after  innumerable  generations 
of  experience  attained  a  form  which  is 
fairly  constant  and  is  not  subject  to  sudden 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


<^    12    ► 


JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


GEORGE  S.  STONEMAN  SCHOOL.  SAN  MARINO 
Marsh,  Smith  and  Powell,  Architects 


revolutionary  change.  There  may  be  chat- 
ter and  patter  about  change  but  there  is 
Httle  probability  of  its  sudden  occurrence 
in  education.  Because  we  have  witnessed 
great  changes  in  water  power  development 
or  in  earth-moving  machinery  does  not  es- 
tabhsh  the  fact  that  equally  great  changes 
in  the  fundamentals  of  human  life  are  im- 
minent. The  requirements  with  respect  to 
schools  as  to  size  and  seating  capacity  of 
rooms,  as  to  the  desirability  of  good  light 
and  temperature  control  and  ventilation 
and  similar  matters,  are  pretty  well  estab- 
lished. It  is  difficult  to  conceive  of  changes 
that  would  affect  these  basic  needs. 

So  there  is  sound  warrant  for  good  sub- 
stantial construction  in  school  buildings 
and  for  the  employment  of  fine  sympathetic 
architecture  in  their  planning  and  arrange- 
ment. We  deal  with  intangibles  yet  who 
can  gainsay  the  value  of  surrounding  chil- 
dren with  the  outward  evidences  of  life's 
worth,  reality,  and  possibilities  of  grace 
and  refinement? 

The  George  S.  Stoneman  School  is 
roughly  L-shaped  in  plan,  234  ft.  by  132 
ft.  in  extreme  overall  dimensions.  It  has 
six  classrooms,  a  3-unit  kindergarten,  a 
combined  cafeteria  and  kitchen,  3  admin- 
istration    rooms,     corridors,     toilets,     etc. 


There  is  a  basement  underneath  the  kitch- 
en. The  school  contains  slightly  over  275.- 
000  cu.ft.  The  total  cost  of  the  contracts, 
general,  electrical,  plumbing,  etc.,  was 
$67,031.  This  results  in  a  unit  cubic  foot 
cost  of  about  24  cents,  a  very  reasonable 
figure  considering  that  the  contracts  were 


ALCOVE  OF  KINDERGARTEN.  GEORGE  S. 
STONEMAN  SCHOOL 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      13     ►      JULY.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


»>«>w— i 


DETAIL  OF  GRILL— THE  PIED  PIPER  ,  GEORGE  S.  STONEMAN 
SCHOOL.  SAN  MARINO.  CALIFORNIA 

MARSH.  SMITH  AND  POWELL.  ARCHITECTS 


:H1TECT  AND  ENGINEER       -^      14      ►       JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


KINDERGARTEN,  GEORGE  S.  STONEMAN  SCHOOL,  SAN  MARINO 

Marsh,  Smith  and  Powell,  Architects 


KINDERGARTEN  WING,  GEORCE  S.  STONEMAN  SCHOOL,  SAN  MARINO 
Marsh,  Smith  and  Powell.  Architects 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^   15  ►    ; 


ULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


DETAIL  OF  GRILL.  -BO-PEEP",  GEORGE  S. 
STONEMAN  SCHOOL.  SAN  MARINO 

Marsh,  Smith  and  Powell.  Architects 


LOWER  PICTURE— DETAIL  OF  GRILL, 
THE  FOX  AND  THE  GOOSE." 

GEORGE  S.  STONEMAN  SCHOOL. 
SAN  MARINO 

Marsh.  Smith  and  Powell.  Architects 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND 


ENGINEER      '^      16     ^       JU 


LY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


PLAN,  GEORGE  S.  STONEMAN  SCHOOL,  SAN  MARINO 
Marsh,  Smith  and  Powell,  Architects 


awarded  in  December,  1929,  when  costs 
were  practically  at  their  peak. 

All  walls  are  of  reinforced  concrete.  The 
exteriors  are  lightly  dashed,  as  our  illustra- 
tions show,  with  a  stucco  of  a  fairly  pro- 
nounced tan  color.  The  concrete  construc- 
tion is  slightly  concealed  but  with  the  form 
m.arks  plainly  showing  is  nonetheless  evi- 
dent. A  structural  concrete  floor  was  used 
throughout  most  of  the  building.  The  roof 
is  framed  with  light  built-up  wood  trusses 
which  carry  the  pleasantly-toned  clay  roof- 
ing tile. 

An  interesting  consequence  of  the  sub- 
stantial construction  employed  came  at  the 


time  the  building  was  examined  by  the 
State  Department  of  Architecture,  after 
the  Long  Beach  earthquake.  It  was  found 
to  comply  almost  completely  with  the  legal 
requirements  for  strength  and  resistance  to 
horizontal  forces.  The  expenditure  of  a  few 
hundred  dollars  for  strengthening  some 
roof  framing  and  connections  was  all  that 
was  necessary  to  bring  it  into  full  conform- 
ity with  legal  standards.  It  had  been  well 
built  at  the  outset  so  it  did  not  have  to  be 
built  all  over  again  or  be  expensively  re- 
paired. 

Messrs.    Marsh,    Smith   and    Powell   at 
Los  Angeles  were  the  architects. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      ^     17     ^       JULY.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


A  CHEERFUL  LIVING  ROOM  IN  A  PALATIAL  PIEDMONT  HOME 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^      Jg     ^       JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Betrayed 

by  Electus  D.  Litchfield,  A  J.  A. 


T. 


.HE  successful  prac- 
ticing architect  is  of  necessity  a  man  of 
imagination,  technical  skill,  practical  busi- 
ness experience  and  executive  ability.  Not 
every  architect  has  all  these  qualifications 
and  few  have  them  evenly  developed.  It 
will  be  generally  agreed,  however,  that  a 
fertile  and  highly  trained  imagination  is 
one  of  his  essential  characteristics  and  that 
in  the  successful  architect  this  is  in  some 
strange  way  combined  with  a  very  practi- 
cal nature.  These  qualities  are,  to  a  certain 
degree,  antagonistic,  and  for  this  reason 
there  is  to  be  noted  in  the  architectural  pro- 
fession as  a  whole,  most  contradictory  im- 
pulses and  actions. 

The  financial  return  of  the  architect's 
profession  is,  and  always  has  been,  so 
meagre  and  insufficient  that  in  pure  self 
defense  the  average  architect  tends  to  be- 
come selfish  or  at  least  self  assertive,  not  so 
much  from  his  desire  to  gratify  his  personal 
wants,  which  are.  in  large  measure,  satis- 
fied by  the  opportunity  to  create  the  beau- 
tiful, but  because  of  the  insistent  and  wear- 
ing demand  made  upon  his  reserves  by  the 
pay  roll  and  overhead  of  his  office,  together 

Editor's  N'ote— Mr.  Litchfield's  paper  «.is  one  of  the  outstanding  fea- 
tures of  the  recent  A.I.;\.  Convention  at  Washinston,  D.C.  The  author 
wa^  given  a  tremendous  ovation  for  his  splendid  contribution.  What  Mr. 
Litchfield  said  about  the  architect  and  his  sorrowful  plight  is  all  too  true. 
It  is  not  strange,  however,  that  the  newspapers  have  failed  to  come  to 
the  rescue  of  the  profession  as  referred  to  by  Mr.  Litchfield  in  one  of  his 
closing  paragraphs.  The  tendency  of  the  profession  has  been  to  niinimize 
the  importance  of  the  press.  Many  architects  do  not  appreciate  even  their  own 
professional  journals.  The  .^hchitect  and  Engineer,  for  example,  has 
devoted  thirty  years  to  encouraging  and  promoting  good  architecture,  with 
little  show  of  appreciation  by  those  who  have  been  benefited  except  on  rare 
occasions.  When  the  profession  shall  display  a  more  kindly  attitude  to- 
ward the  press,  then  and  not  until  then,  may  it  expect  to  have  the  help 
it  so  desperately  needs  in   these  days  of  gloom. 


with  the  maintenance  of  his  home  and  fam- 
ily in  that  state  of  fife  in  which  the  archi- 
tect must  move.  Vitruvius  complained  that 
the  choice  architectural  commissions  were 
not  awarded  to  the  artists  of  outstanding 
ability,  but  to  those  architects  of  his  day 
who,  through  social  or  other  contacts,  had 
the  emperor's  ear.  An  architect  without 
social  and  business  contacts  is  an  architect 
without  work.  Successful  painters  in  the 
past,  and  sometimes  even  in  these  practical 
modern  days,  have  by  their  outstanding 
ability  enlisted  the  patronage  of  the  great, 
who  for  the  time  at  least  have  placed  them 
beyond  want.  There  are  architects  of  our 
own  age  and  generation  who  have  been 
equally  fortunate,  but  by  and  large  the 
average  successful  architectural  career  is 
based  on  professional  skill,  an  interesting 
personality  and  broad  business  and  social 
contacts. 

The  very  fact  that  the  carrying  out  of  a 
great  architectural  commission  calls  for  a 
large  office  staff  demands  the  development 
in  the  architect  of  many  of  the  character- 
istics of  the  so-called  "hard-headed"  busi- 
ness man:  but  once  let  him  be  relieved  of 
the  immediate  demands  of  his  office  and 
family  and  he  tends  to  become  altruistic  to 
a  fault.  His  business  sense  is,  to  a  certain 
degree,  grafted  upon  the  artist  stock,  and 
so  we  find  him  satisfied  with  the  doing  of 
a  great  piece  of  work,  if  only  his  immediate 
bills  may  be  paid,  and  blind  to  the  days  to 
come,  when  the  great  commission  shall  not 
be  at  hand. 


^    1*^  ► 


We  find  him,  too.  impatient  as  a  class  in 
matters  concerning  the  relation  of  his  pro- 
fession to  the  public,  of  those  motives  which 
would  seem  to  be  at  all  charged  with  self- 
ishness. The  important  thing  to  him  is  that 
the  public  work  shall  be  done  as  it  should 
be  done;  that  a  structure  appropriate  and 
practical  be  assured;  that  a  real  work  of  art 
shall  be  created.  Fundamentally,  it  is  much 
more  important  to  him  that  the  work  shall 
be  done  well  than  that  some  one  shall  make 
a  living  out  of  the  doing  of  it. 

Granted  that  in  some  mysterious  way  the 
payment  of  his  bills  could  be  guaranteed, 
he  would  joyously  undertake  the  design  of 
some  great  structure  without  promise  of 
personal  pay,  amply  satisfied  with  the  joy 
of  creation.  What  a  strange  combination! 
This  practical,  scientific  person  interested 
in  the  production  of  a  great  building  which 
shall  cost  not  a  dollar  more  for  its  con- 
struction than  is  reasonably  right,  jealous 
of  the  rights  of  his  client,  carefully  watch- 
ful that  no  injustice  shall  be  done  to  Con- 
tractor or  to  Labor,  covetous  to  a  crime 
for  the  opportunity  to  undertake  some  great 
commission  and  absolutely  thoughtless  of 
self  in  the  service  of  beauty.  In  the  davs 
of  this  Depression  he  has  given  liberally 
of  his  time  and  effort  in  aid  of  the  socalled 
unemployed  architects,  struggling  mean- 
while helplessly  and  fruitlessly  for  work, 
where  no  work  is,  to  provide  the  means  to 
pay  his  own  office  and  family's  bills. 

It  has  been  repeated  so  often  bv  those 
in  high  office  that  building  construction  fos- 
tered by  private  enterprise  has  ceased,  and 
that  as  a  measure  of  recovery  the  Govern- 
ment must  come  to  the  aid  of  the  building 
industry, — that  he  assumed  as  a  matter  of 
course  that  the  authorities  had  thought  of 
the  architect  as  the  first  to  be  considered 
in  the  relief  and  the  resuscitation  of  the  in- 
dustry. With  the  repeated  announcements 
of   the    great    public   works    program,    the 


Architect  felt  that  his  position  was  under- 
stood, that  the  authorities  recognized  his 
need  and  that  everything  possible  would 
be  done  in  the  way  of  enlisting  his  services 
and  of  placing  him  in  position  to  keep  his 
staff  with  its  years  of  training  out  of  the 
ranks  of  the  unemployed. 

But  he  finds  that  his  need  has  been  com- 
pletely forgotten.  Meanwhile,  under  the 
P.  W.  A.,  fabulous  sums  are  set  aside  by 
the  United  States  Government  for  con- 
struction: 75  to  80';  r  of  it,  however,  is  turn- 
ed over  to  road  building,  dams,  and  other 
heavy  engineering  construction  projects; 
and  where  these  have  involved  what  should 
be  counted  the  most  important  of  architec- 
tural problems  —  slight  consideration  has 
been  given  either  to  the  contribution,  which 
thoroughly  trained  and  equipped  architec- 
tural organizations  could  make,  or  to  the 
opportunity  offered  to  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment to  assist  in  holding  together  those 
architectural  offices  and  organizations  to 
whom  the  country  is  indebted  for  the  lead- 
ing place  that  contemporary  architecture  in 
America  holds  among  the  nations  of  the 
world.  Without  work  these  organizations 
must  disband.  Many  of  them  have  already 
done  so.  Private  work  of  any  volume  does 
not  exist.  If  the  offices  are  to  be  main- 
tained, it  will  be  only  because  there  is  plac- 
ed with  them  a  reasonable  proportion  of 
public  work. 

For  Boulder  Dam  an  expenditure  of 
$165,000,000  has  been  authorized  by  the 
Government;  for  the  Casper  Alcova  Proj- 
ect, $22,700,000;  for  the  Grand  Coulee 
Columbia  River  Valley  dam  and  develop- 
ment, $63,000,000;  $250,700,000  in  all  of 
these  three  enterprises,  including  the  de- 
sign of  great  dams  and  power  houses  re- 
quiring the  highest  architectural  skill  and 
good  taste  if  they  are  to  have  the  dignity 
and  simplicity  appropriate  to  the  vastness 
of  the  undertaking,  and  the  noble  and  rug- 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      20     ►       J  ULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


ged  character  of  their  sites.  Included  in 
these  projects  is  the  design  of  three  towns 
or  cities — one  at  least  of  which  is  to  be  per- 
manent —  for  which  special  training  and 
experience  in  town  planning  should  be  re- 
quired. For  all  this  vast  work  and  respon- 
sibility the  Interior  Department  finds  it 
"most  convenient"  to  employ  a  single  arch- 
itectural consultant  to  give  occasional  ad- 
vice. 

We  all  know  what  has  been  happening 
more  nearly  at  home.    Private  construction 
work  ceased  some  years  ago.    Public  work 
has  been  slow  in  starting — one  by  one  the 
draughtsmen  have  been  let  out  of  the  Arch- 
itect's oflRces  —  first  the  younger  inexper- 
ienced men  and  then  the  older,  more  valu- 
able, more  irreplaceable  assistants.  The  cry 
of  the  unemployed  was  heard  in  Washing- 
ton and  the  C.  W.  A.  organization  was  set 
up.  Again  and  again,  to  find  work  for  them, 
enterprises  which  in  normal  times  would 
have  been   turned   over   to   the   practicing 
architects — and  some,  indeed,  upon  which 
practicing  architects  had  already  started — 
were  turned  over  for  design  and  construc- 
tion to  groups  of  C.  W.  A.  employees.    In 
some  cases  this  was  possible  only  because 
among    them   were    assistants    fresh    from 
years  of  training  under  leaders  of  the  arch- 
itectural profession  who  could   have  kept 
them,   if   the  work  had  been  placed  with 
them.    Again  in  other  instances,  similar  to 
the  great  western  water  power  projects,  a 
single   practicing    architect    has   been    em- 
ployed at  a  salary  to  act  as   supervising 
consultant  over  vast  municipal  undertak- 
ings.   In  one  or  two  places,  as  in   Pitts- 
burgh, the  practicing  architects  have  been 
able  to  arouse  the  public  to  an  appreciation 
that  a  continuance  of  such  a  practice  will 
result    in    the    practical    extinction    of    the 
architectural    profession;    and    they    have 
said:    "This  shall  not  be" — but   generally 
speaking  the  condition  continues  to  exist 
all  over  the  country.    It  is  particularly  so 


in  New  York  where  the  financial  condition 
of  the  city  makes  the  problems  particular- 
ly difficult. 

In  one  way  or  another — of  course  with- 
out intention  —  everything  seems  to  have 
been  done  contrary  to  the  interest  of  the 
practicing  architect.  For  reasons  best 
known  to  the  Coordinating  Committee  of 
the  Government,  the  appropriations  prom- 
ised for  Post  Offices  and  other  Federal 
buildings  were  first  held  up.  then  many  en- 
tirely cancelled  and  the  projects  abandon- 
ed while  most  of  those  which  survived  were 
drastically  reduced  in  appropriation.  Word 
to  proceed  on  many,  if  not  most  of  these 
undertakings,  has  been  delayed  without  ex- 
planation while  architects  under  contract 
to  prepare  the  plans  stand  helplessly  by, 
while  office  rent  and  salaries  bite  fiercely 
into  their  dwindling  reserves. 

Housing  and  Slum  Clearance  appeared 
on  the  Government's  program,  and  for  a 
while  were  thought  to  be  a  life  saver  for 
the  practicing  architect.  A  year  has  passed 
and  twelve  projects  only  have  developed 
to  provide  employment  for  a  mere  handful 
of  men;  and  on  these  the  fees  have  been 
chiselled  to  the  point  where  the  architect 
cries  out  in  despair. 

Do  the  authorities — does  the  President, 
understand  the  situation  which  confronts 
the  architectural  profession?  Do  they  real- 
ize that  it  is  only  those  offices  that  have 
had  Public  Commissions  which  antedate 
this  Administration. — or  the  very  minute 
few  that  have  had  them  from  this,  —  and 
those  which  have  had  generous  reserves  re- 
sulting from  a  successful  practice  in  the 
past — that  have  been  able  to  continue  till 
today? 

How  many  can  survive  to  a  reasonably 
distant  tomorrow  will  depend  on  an  imme- 
diate revival  of  private  work  or  on  our 
Federal,  State,  and  Municipal  Govern- 
ments;— but  above  all  on  the  Federal  Gov- 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      2  1      ^       JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


ernment,    for    the    first   and    last    word    is 
with  it. 

Let  the  President  direct  that  on  all  con- 
temporary building, construction,  mod- 
ernization, or  reconstruction,  for  which 
Federal  funds  are  loaned  or  appropriated 
under  the  Recovery  Act  —  an  architect  in 
private  practice  shall  be  employed  at  the 
minimum  rates  which  experience  has  shown 
to  be  fair.  If  this  is  done  the  first  and  fun- 
damentally necessary  step  will  have  been 
taken. 

Let  him  not  "defer  until  next  year  "  as 
was  reported  as  his  intention  in  a  news 
despatch  from  Washington  dated  April 
19th,  "a  broader  program  for  mass  home 
construction  and  slum  clearance";  but  let 
him  by  Federal  authority  and  by  encour- 
agement, in  every  way  possible,  of  partici- 
pation by  the  banks  and  private  loaning 
agencies,  push  forward  the  economically 
sound  mass  production  of  low  cost  new 
housing  construction,* 

I  have  spoken  of  the  strange  compound 
of  practical  and  spiritual  qualities  that 
make  up  the  architects'  nature,  for  it  is 
only  by  remembering  this,  that  one  can 
understand  how,  without  a  word  of  protest 


♦Since  thii- 
provides  fu 


tien   the   I'rcsidcnt  has  signeJ  the  Housing   Bill  which 
expenditure  of  money  for  urgent  housing  needs. 


in  the  daily  press  of  the  nation*,  our  great 
profession  has  allowed  itself  in  its  hour  of 
sorest  need  to  be  betrayed  in  the  house  of 
its  friends.  Must  we  always  be  so  afraid 
of  being  accused  of  self  -  seeking  that  we 
are  not  willing  to  come  out  boldly  in  the 
demand  that  the  rights  and  needs  of  our 
profession  shall  be  respected  and  protect- 
ed? The  American  Institute  of  Architects 
is  not  a  labor  union  and  it  has  been  truly 
said  that  it  does  not  exist  to  get  jobs  for 
its  members,  but  with  the  life  of  the  profes- 
sion at  stake  the  time  has  come  when  in  the 
name  and  in  the  interest  of  Architecture  in 
America  the  Institute  should  appeal  direct- 
ly to  the  White  House  for  help. 

Does  the  seriousness  of  the  situation 
mean  nothing  to  the  nation  at  large?  Has 
every  one  forgotten  the  halycon  day  of 
American  Architecture  in  the  early  years 
of  the  last  century — when  monument  after 
monument  of  early  American  architecture 
was  created — and  of  what  happened  in  the 
fifty  dark  years  that  followed  the  panic  of 
1837? 

No  one  —  if  they  understand,  will  ap- 
prove of  a  false  economy  which  if  pursued 
will  be  the  death  of  our  great  profession. 

It  is  time  that  we  called  a  halt. 

We  must  be  heard. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      22     ►       JULY.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


HISTORIC 
AMERICAN     BUILDINGS     SURVEY 


National  Park  Service 


U.  S.  DEPARTMENT    OF   THE    INTERIOR 


District  No.  38 

Irving  F.  Morrow,  Architect 

District  Officer 


PORTFOLIO     No.   TWO 

Small  Adobe  House  and  Mining  Town  Hotels 

Photographs  by  Roger  Sturtevant 


^    23    ► 


HISTORIC    AMERICAN    BUILDINGS    SURVEY 


PICTURE  ON  THE  RIGHT  IS  OF  AN 
ADOBE  HOUSE,  NEAR  PETALUMA. 
SONOMA  COUNTY,  CALIFORNIA. 
THIS  BUILDING  WAS  ERECTED 
ABOUT  1834  AND  USED  BY  GEN- 
ERAL VALLEJO. 


MEASURED  DRAWING  OF  THE 
ABOVE  ADOBE  HOUSE,  NEAR  PETA- 
LUMA, SONOMA  COUNTY.  CALI- 
FORNIA. 

HOWARD  E.  BURNETT,  DEL. 
GEORGE  R.  KLINKARDT,  DEL. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^     24     ^       JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


OBL    NEAR.    PETALUM.A-- SONOMA    COUNTY  ■  CAIIFOP^NIA  •      36-g|    frT" 


HISTORIC    AMERICA?^    BUILDINGS    SURVEY 


PICTURE  ON  THE  RIGHT.  LEGER 
HOTEL  AT  MOKELUMNE  HILL,  CAL- 
AVERAS COUNTY. 

THIS  HOTEL  IS  ONE  OF  THE  FINEST 
EXAMPLES  OF  OLD  TOWN  HOSTEL- 
RIES  WITH  WHICH  THE  SURVEY 
CAME  IN  CONTACT. 


LOWER  PICTURE  ON  THE  RIGHT. 
AMADOR  HOTEL  AT  AMADOR  CITY. 
AMADOR  COUNTY.  A  CHARACTER- 
ISTIC EXAMPLE  OF  WOOD  BAL- 
CONIED TOWN  BUILDING. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      «^      26     ^       J  U..Y,  NINETEEN  TH,RTY-FOUh 


^y 

1  iR'V'Hifl 

ft 

» 

THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER       .^      27    ^       JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


HISTORIC    AMERICAN    BUILDINGS    SURVEY 


PICTURE  ON  THE  RIGHT,  THE 
ITALIA  HOTEL,  SONORA.  TUOLUM- 
NE COUNTY. 

ORIGINALLY.  AS  EVIDENCED  BY 
OLD  PHOTOGRAPHS,  THE  TWO- 
STORIED  COLUMNS  CARRIED  A 
BALCONY  AT  THE  SECOND  FLOOR 
LEVEL. 


LOWER  PICTURE  ON  THE  RIGHT. 
HOTEL  AT  DOBBINS,  YUBA 
COUNTY. 

ORIGINALLY  PLANNED  FOR  FAIRLY 
EXTENSIVE  ACCOMMODATIONS, 
THIS  BUILDING  IS  NOW  GOING  TO 
DECAY  IN  A  PRACTICALLY  ABAN- 
DONED COMMUNITY. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      '^     28     ^        JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


fl 


^^^^■!S^ 


<  h- 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      ^      29     ►       J  ULV.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


GOOD  PLANTING  HAS  ADDED  NOT  A  LITTLE  TO  THE 
APPEARANCE  OF  THIS  SEVERELY  PLAIN  ENTRANCE 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      "^      30     ►       JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Architectural 
Education 

by   Ellis   F.  Lawrence,  A.  I.  A. 


The  trend  of  the  times,  with  particuhir  reference  to  architectural  education,  is  reflected  graph- 
icallybrEUis  F.  Laurence.  dJ.nguished  Portland  architect,  in  a  recent  report  to  "-  v'---"7^,«/ 
C:!!iJe   Schools   of  Arch.tectur^   of.ch.ch    he   i^^-;;;-;  J''^^^  —''^I^^S  ^: 

e^^a^g  outlook.    Schools  and  colleges  sponsonng  archUectural  courses  are  fac.ng  condmons  more 
trying  than  for  many  years  past. 


A 


RCHITECTURAL 

education  has  not  escaped  criticism.  The 
profession  and  registration  boards  have 
taken  plenty  of  shots  at  it — many  of  them 
no  doubt  deserved,  but  more  of  them  not 
so.  Smarting  a  bit,  the  schools  are  trying 
to  make  their  training  more  realistic,  their 
product  more  practical.  Let  us  not  go  too 
far  in  this  lest  we  lose  the  more  precious 
thing.  Let  us  remember  our  long  held  con- 
viction that  office  practice  is  an  obligation 
of  the  profession,  and  should  supplement 
the  schools  in  preparation  for  practice,  and 
that  our  function  is  to  train  in  theory,  ideals 
and  scholarship.  Let  us  now  consider 
anew  just  what  the  function  of  the  school 
is  to  be  in  a  well  formulated  preparation 
for  practice. 

As  to  the  Profession,  the  educators  are 
perplexed  as  to  where  it  is  heading.  Until 
it  clarifies  its  objectives,  how  can  the 
schools  determine  their  course  and  duty? 
Why  train  for  ethics  and  the  professional 
ideal,  only  to  have  our  students  return  to 
us  disillusioned  after  a  few  years  out  in  the 


field  with  stories  of  what  they  face  to  make 
a  living  and  to  use  the  talents  we  have 
sought  to  develop  in  them.  They  find  too 
often,  the  traveling  salesman  architect,  the 
free  sketch  men  and  solicitor:  the  reality 
agent  paid  for  bringing  in  the  work;  and 
other  flagrant  violations  of  the  code.  They 
find,  frequently,  valiant  fighters  for  the  In- 
stitute ideals  left  by  the  wayside — in  pov- 
erty, with  only  the  less  important  building 
operations  left  to  them.  They  complain  that 
no  profession  plays  a  smaller  part  in  shap- 
ing public  policies  than  do  the  architects. 
This  is  no  exaggeration.  I  say  these  things 
from  my  own  experience. 

Is  the  architect  of  the  future  to  be  a  sal- 
aried man,  controlled  by  government  or  the 
corporation?  Is  he  to  abrogate  the  profes- 
sional ideal  and  go  in  for  big  business?  Is 
he  to  turn  entrepreneur  or  promoter — per- 
haps serving  himself  as  client?  Is  he  to  turn 
back  to  the^old  ideals  of  personal  service 
or  retain  the  plan  factory?  The  educators 
alone  cannot  answer  these  questions.  The 
profession  must,  before  preparation  for 
practice  can  be  solved.  What  kind  of  prac- 
tice are  we  preparing  for  any  way? 


^    31    ► 


Should  Age  Abdicate  to  Youth? 

I  am  not  sure  but  that  it  would  be  the 
sporting  as  well  as  the  wisest  thing  for  all 
of  us  of  the  old  guard  over  forty,  to  abdi- 
cate in  favor  of  the  younger  crop  of  archi- 
tects —  the  product  of  the  schools.  Their 
avowals  sound  promising,  for  many  have 
said  to  me,  "There  is  nothing  left  for  us 
young  fellows  to  do  but  to  clean  up  the 
mess."  Such  is  the  opinion  of  youth.  Know- 
ing them  as  I  do,  I  somehow  feel  they  will 
do  a  good  job  of  it. 

Regarding  registration,  the  Institute 
early  found  itself  divided  with  the  result 
that  the  advocates  were  obliged  to  fight  out 
their  cause  with  too  little  assistance  or 
guidance  from  the  profession.  Some  states 
are  still  holding  out  against  it.  But  whether 
or  not  we  like  it.  Registration  and  licens- 
ing are  with  us.  Over  37  states.  I  believe, 
have  adopted  the  system  designed  to  pro- 
tect the  public  against  incompetent  and  un- 
scrupulous practitioners.  The  registration 
boards  are  trying  to  do  a  good  job.  They 
need  the  help  of  the  educators  and  the  pro- 
fession. 

I  know,  some  will  say  "It  was  a  mistake 
to  surrender  to  government  and  politics  the 
determination  of  who  could  practice  archi- 
tecture," or  "To  license  artistic  ability  is 
absurd",  or  "Registration  brands  us  all  as 
equals".  Some  seem  to  think  registration 
boards  are  trying  to  stop  men  from  enter- 
ing the  profession.  But  others  who  have 
been  close  to  the  problem  believe  the 
boards  are  doing  a  fine  constructive  job. 

However,  this  is  not  all.  There  are  the 
years  between  graduation  and  registration, 
during  which  the  training  of  the  future 
architects  will  continue  to  be  ignored  or 
exploited  by  the  profession,  or  be  sympa- 
thetically directed  by  it.  Which  shall  it  be? 

Profession  Faces  Grave  Menace 
The  profession,  the  registration  board, 
and  the  educators  are  all  vitally  interested 


in  this  problem.  No  one  element  alone,  can 
solve  it.  There  is  a  constant  overlapping 
of  function.  Each  must  draw  upon  the 
others,  if  the  profession  is  to  be  properly 
and  efficiently  served.  I  will  go  further,  and 
assert  that  the  profession,  as  such,  cannot 
long  survive  without  meeting  this;  its  great- 
est obligation.  If  it  does  not,  the  profession 
we  have  loved  will  slip  into  something  dif- 
ferent before  we  know  it. 

In  March,  I  happened  to  see  in  the  Tech- 
nology Review,  a  statement  from  the  re- 
port of  the  American  Association  of  Col- 
legiate Registrars  showing  that  while  581 
institutions  had  a  decrease  in  enrollments 
since  32 — '33  of  3.6' c.  architecture  show- 
ed a  gain  of  17.2'^t  . 

This  was  such  an  amazing  statement,  I 
realized  how  little  your  officers  knew  of 
what  was  going  on  in  the  schools.  There- 
fore, I  sent  a  questionnaire  to  member 
schools.  Twenty-eight  answers  have  been 
received.  One,  only,  reported  an  increase 
in  enrollment.  Of  the  other  27,  shrinkages 
reported  from  the  peak  were  as  follows: 
one  was  5^  2%-  (however,  many  were  part 
time  students,  otherwise  the  percentage 
would  have  been  much  larger);  two  were 
between  10%  and  12%;  five  between  20', 
and  25',  ;  1  was  27%;  four  between  30% 
and  35',;  one  was  36%;  six  were  between 
40%  and  45',;  six  were  50%;  one  was 
63',.  As  was  to  be  expected,  a  marked 
increase  in  graduate  enrollment  was  re- 
ported. Some  not  offering  graduate  work 
before,  were  now  obliged  to  offer  it. 

Scores  of  well-trained  men  are  seeking 
teaching  positions,  many  of  them  being  ex- 
perienced and  highly  recommended.  Dur- 
ing the  depression,  many  have  been  dis- 
missed. 

Generally  the  morale  of  the  students  is 
reported  as  good,  tho  some  testify  that  sen- 
iors are  seriously  affected  by  the  uncertain- 
ties ahead.  More  seriousness  and  earnest- 
ness is  evident. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      32     ►       JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-PnilR 


Tragic  Stories  of  Diminished  Incomes 
The  stories  of  salary  and  budget  reduc- 
tions are  tragic.  Eight  have  had  no  cuts, 
tho  some  of  these  have  maintained  the  sal- 
ary base  by  discharging  members  of  the 
staff.  Of  the  remainder,  cuts  in  salaries 
from  10%  to  40%  were  Usted.  In  one 
Western  university,  the  staff,  after  two 
heavy  cuts,  each  donated  one  month's  sal- 
ary to  keep  one  of  the  staff  members  em- 
ployed. Budgets  also  have  been  cut  to  the 
core:  one  as  high  as  50%. 

Scholarship  loan  funds  prove  to  be  in- 
adequate and  have  generally  been  exhaust- 
ed. In  two  institutions,  the  staffs  voluntar- 
ily subscribed  from  their  salaries  to  keep 
worthy  students  in  school.  Here  might  well 
be  an  opportunity  for  the  Educational 
Committee  of  the  A.  I.  A.  to  establish  a 
needed  help  to  worthy  students  thru  en- 
dowment or  gift  funds. 

The  answers  indicate  clearly  how  much 
life  is  in  this  organization;  how  keenly 
aware  the  schools  are  of  changing  condi- 
tions and  how  they  are  striving  to  meet  the 
inevitable  criticisms  that  come  in  such  times 
as  these.  For  obvious  reasons,  I  should  not 
identify  schools  or  individuals  in  the  fol- 
lowing summary. 

Nineteen  schools  indicated  revisions 
leading  to  stronger  training  in  construc- 
tion. Several  felt  the  great  weakness  in  the 
system  that  was  lack  of  reality  in  the  work. 
Among  methods  adopted  to  better  corre- 
late design  and  construction  and  give  a 
sense  of  reality,  were  study  of  nature  of 
materials;  carrying  at  least  one  design  proj- 
ect thru  complete  working  drawings  and 
specifications;  three  years  of  professional 
practice  tied  to  design  courses.  Each  de- 
sign problem  in  its  principle  features  car- 
ried to  partial  work  drawings.  Using  con- 
structors, engineers  and  designers  as  crit- 
ics; making  of  models  and  elimination  of 
architectural  engineering  as  such.    One  is 


attempting  to  revise  the  teaching  of  design 
to  approach  officer  procedure. 

Change  of  Courses  Proposed 
One  is  seeking  to  revitalize  existing 
courses.  Two  others  recognize  the  import- 
ance of  breaking  down  separate  courses 
into  one  great  subject  "Architecture".  Two 
have  introduced  city  planning  courses  and 
one.  housing. 

One  complete  revision  is  reported  sum- 
marized as  follows: 

"1.      ffigher  entrance  (only  upper  2  3  rat- 
ing in  high-school  accepted). 

2.  Higher  graduation  requirements; 
averaging  5  year  course  with  final 
thesis. 

3.  Abolishment  of  architectural  engi- 
neering as  such.  Setting  up  a  com- 
mon curriculum  of  which  all  take  3  5 
of  the  work:  1  5  for  a  choice  of  de- 
sign or  engineering;  and  1    5  elective. 

4.  First  year  —  called  a  Preparatory 
Course  —  drawing  and  conferences 
with  architectural  staff  are  the  only 
professional  courses  included. 

5.  Second  year  design  starts  with  real- 
istic design  problems  of  small  but 
complete  buildings.  " 

Competitions  and  Cast  Drawings 
This  comes  from  one  school.  "Elimina- 
tion of  competitions  and  honors;  each  stu- 
dent works  on  a  different  program;  (suit- 
able to  his  own  personal  advancement:  staff 
freed  from  interference  with  pedagogical 
methods;  students  self  governing;  collabor- 
ation among  the  allied  arts;  execution  be- 
fore theory  is  taught;  organization  on  a 
horizontal  basis,  in  place  of  the  old  verti- 
cal compartmentalized  system,  thus  bring- 
ing design,  construction,  landscape,  inter- 
ior and  the  crafts  into  one  harmonious  unit 
of  effort:  all  these  are  the  ideals  we  seek 
to  practice. 

One  reports  little  or  no  cast  drawing  is 
now  given  and  greater  use  of  charcoal,  it 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      >^     33     ►      JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY- FOUR 


being  cheaper.  The  same  school  now  cov- 
ers Architectural  History  in  the  first  year 

—  using  the  second  for  American  and 
Modern  Architecture.  Another  reports  hav- 
ing tried  the  experiment  of  having  third 
year  history  students  give  their  own  cours- 
es in  Oriental  Architecture.  In  one  school, 
an  attempt  is  made  to  bring  the  best  con- 
temporary foreign  views  to  the  student 
through  translation.  Six  appear  to  accept 
the  status  quo,  while  another  is  urging 
"more  social  and  moral  ethics"  as  its  goal 

—  mental  attainment  and  the  making  of 
(cultured  gentlemen)  of  the  students.  The 
same  writer  thinks  time  is  not  the  issue;  one 
student  may  do  it  well  in  4  years,  another 
in  5  or  6.  One  sees  no  possibility  of  mak- 
ing the  change  to  the  5  year  course  for  two 
or  three  years  at  least.  Others  report  suc- 
cess in  making  the  change.  To  quote  from 
other  replies: 

"Since  we  dropped  out  of  the  Beaux- 
Arts  program  two  years  ago  we  have  de- 
veloped the  following  changes  in  our  meth- 
ods of  instructions  in  the  College.  In  fact. 
the  contemplation  of  these  changes  was  the 
determining  factor  in  our  giving  up  the 
Beaux-Arts  work. 

An   ESQUISSE-ESQUISSE 

"Throughout  the  school  we  have  adopt- 
ed the  practice  of  a  one-week  esquisse  or 
preliminary  sketch.  Criticism  and  use  of 
documents  is  permitted.  In  other  words, 
the  first  week  of  the  problem  is  a  serious 
study  of  the  general  principles  involved  and 
the  various  possible  solutions,  just  as  would 
be  done  in  actual  practice.  At  the  close  of 
the  week  the  student  turns  in  his  esquisse 
in  the  form  of  an  esquisse-esquisse.  This 
represents  a  good  workable  scheme  to 
which  he  is  held  during  the  remaining  study 
and  elaboration  of  problems.  The  training 
that  was  otherwise  offered  in  the  old  esq- 
uisse we  believe  can  be  given  in  a  series  of 
sketch  problems.    We  still  believe  in  judg- 


ments and  the  competition  of  students  on 
the  same  problem.  However,  we  do  not 
seriously  consider  the  results  of  these  judg- 
ments in  our  grades.  We  believe  that  only 
the  patron  who  has  worked  over  the  draft- 
ing boards  with  these  students  knows  when 
they  have  acquired  the  necessary  funda- 
mentals in  order  to  be  allowed  to  enter  the 
higher  division.  We  are  trying  to  make 
this  purely  a  personal  matter  between  the 
critic  in  each  class  and  the  students.  We 
advance  students  regularly  at  the  end  of 
each  term;  but  we  never  hold  them  back 
from  advancement  in  the  course  if  they  and 
the  instructor  feel  that  they  can  profit  by 
entering  in  the  next  class. 

"We  are  now  giving  three  years  of  what 
we  call  professional  practice.  This  comes 
in  the  third,  fourth,  fifth  years,  and  it  is 
definitely  tied  in  with  the  design  courses. 
In  almost  every  project  we  require  the  stu- 
dent in  professional  practice  to  carry  out 
certain  important  features  of  his  design  in 
working  drawings,  etc.  We  do  not  find 
that  this  in  any  way  hinders  the  develop- 
ment of  freedom  and  imagination  in  the  de- 
sign problem;  but  it  does  tend  to  make  the 
student  think  in  terms  of  actualities  as  he 
"spreads  himself"  in  his  design  course.  It 
is  not  in  any  sense  of  the  word  our  inten- 
tion merely  to  equip  students  for  the  office, 
although  we  do  believe  that  this  early  train- 
ing in  draftsmanship  will  be  appreciated  by 
the  offices  which  first  employ  our  students. 

Drop  All  Analytiques 
"We  have  dropped  all  analytiques  as 
such  and  are  giving  problems  which  cover 
this  ground  in  later  years  in  combination 
with  the  history  courses.  The  student  ap- 
proaches the  study  of  architecture  in  his 
first  year  by  taking  simple  problems  in  de- 
sign which  he  can  comprehend.  We  lay 
no  stress  whatever  upon  drawing  or  drafts- 
manship in  this  course,  but  by  the  simplest 

[Please  turn  to  Page  49] 


;  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      34     ►       JULY.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Courtesy  Southwest  Builder  and  Contractor 


Pcrspcctwe  of  racing  plant  /or  Los  Angeles  Turf  Club  at  Santa  Anita  Park.  Arcadia^  Administration  building  shown  at 
extreme  right  with  clubhouse  and  grandstand  along  the  home  stretch  .  Open  a,r  paddock  ,s  directlt,  back  of  stand  with 
saddling  stalls  arranged  in  a  semi-circle  on  the  left.    Stables  at  extreme  left. 


Race -Track 


B. 


)OTH  San  Francisco 
and  Los  Angeles  are  to  have  new  racing 
plants  this  fall — the  natural  sequence  to  a 
State  Racing  Law  and  a  State  Racing 
Commission  with  provisions  for  legalized 
betting.  In  Southern  California  the  site  of 
the  old  Baldwin  race  track  is  being  con- 
verted into  a  modern  race  course  by 
the  Los  Angeles  Turf  Club.  The  plant 
will  consist  of  a  one-mile  track  with  a 
three  -  eighths  chute  and  a  seven  -  eighths 
chute  for  running  races  of  uneven  dis- 
tances, a  grand  stand  with  seats,  including 
boxes,  for  6000  people  and  a  wide  terrace 
in  front  where  15,000  more  may  stand,  a 
large  clubhouse  for  members,  stables  with 
1350  stalls  and  all  the  accessories  of  a 
modern  racing  plant. 


The  site  slopes  toward  the  northeast  and 
there  was  a  wash  on  the  lower  side  which 
necessitated  extensive  fills  to  bring  it  up  to 
the  general  level.  The  track  is  partly  in  cuts 
and  partly  in  fills,  the  width  on  the  back 
stretch  being  80  ft.  and  on  the  home  stretch 
85  ft.  Surface  soil  on  the  site  is  a  sandy 
loam  suitable  for  a  fast  track.  Below  this 
there  is  sand  and  gravel  and  where  it  was 
necessary  to  excavate  below  the  top  soil 
the  latter  was  removed  to  be  later  respread 
on  the  surface  of  the  track.  An  extensive 
fill  was  also  made  in  building  up  the  terrace 
in  front  of  the  grand  stand. 

Grading  operations  were  started  about 
April  1.  Construction  of  the  foundations 
for  the  grand  stand  and  the  clubhouse  have 
been  started,  and  contracts  call  for  comple- 
tion of  the  plant  by  December  1,  the  first 


^    35    ► 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^     36      ^       JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


races  being  scheduled  for  the  25th  of  that 
month. 

The  layout  for  the  grounds  and  the  rac- 
ing plant  has  been  carefully  studied  and 
it  is  regarded  by  experts  as  exceptionally 
good  from  every  point  of  view.    Special  at- 
tention has  been  given  to  the  landscaping. 
There  will  be  two  entrances,  one  off  Hunt- 
ington Drive  and  the  other  off  Colorado 
Boulevard.  The  grand  stand  will  be  on  the 
south  side  of  the  track  with  the  clubhouse 
adjoining  on  the  east  and  the  paddock  and 
the  saddling  stalls  back  of  the  stand.    The 
stables  will  be  west  of   the   grand  stand 
and  separated  from  it  by  a  landscaped  area. 
The  grand  stand  will  be  390  ft.  long  and 
110   ft.   deep.    There  will  be  a  basement 
under  the  entire  stand  with  the  main  bet- 
ting ring  on  the  floor  above.    There  will 
also  be  a  mezzanine  with  a  betting  ring  for 
women  and  the  upper  grand  stand  specta- 
tors.   Construction  will  be  reinforced  con- 
crete   up   to   the   main   betting    ring    floor. 
Above  that  it  will  be  structural  steel,  un- 
fireproofed.  The  benches  and  risers  for  the 
seats  will  be  reinforced  concrete.    Extend- 
ing across  the  entire  back  of  the  stand  in 
two  rows  will  be  a  series  of  pierced  steel 
panels  illustrating  racing  scenes. 

The  clubhouse  adjoining  the  grand  stand 
will  be  100x175  ft.  It  will  have  a  basement 
for  utilities.  On  the  first  floor  will  be  the 
betting  ring  and  lounge,  bar  and  dining 
room  with  dining  terraces  and  kitchen.  A 
mezzanine  will  provide  dressing  rooms  for 
women  and  also  space  for  utilities.  On  the 
second  floor  there  will  be  a  private  room 


with  foyer  for  the  club  members.  A  small 
private  grand  stand  for  members,  with 
seats  for  300  or  400.  will  be  provided  in 
front  of  the  clubhouse.  The  two-story  por- 
tion of  the  clubhouse  will  be  reinforced  con- 
crete construction  with  stone  tile  veneer. 
The  one-story  section  will  be  frame  con- 
struction with  stone  tile  veneer.  There  will 
be  a  glazed  shingle  tile  roof  for  the  entire 
building. 

The  administration  building  will  be 
50x65  ft.  On  the  first  floor  will  be  the 
executive  offices  and  a  room  for  track  reg- 
istering and  entries.  Quarters  will  be  pro- 
vided on  the  second  floor  for  jockeys  and 
off  this  will  be  a  small  loggia  from  which 
they  may  watch  the  horses.  This  building 
will  be  frame  and  plaster  construction. 

Directly  back  of  the  grand  stand  will  be 
an  open  air  paddock  and  to  the  west  of 
this  the  saddling  stalls  arranged  in  semi- 
circle. 

Stables  will  be  provided  for  1350  horses. 
There  will  also  be  a  cooHng  shed,  mess  hall, 
blacksmith  shop  and  equipment  sheds. 
Stables  will  be  of  board  and  batten  con- 
struction with  low  -  pitched  composition 
roofs.  Most  of  them  will  be  in  units  187x48 
ft.  each  with  26  stalls  and  4  tack  rooms. 
A  few  units  will  be  312  x  48  ft.  with  46 
stalls. 

The  terrace  in  front  of  the  grand  stand 
will  be  surfaced  with  asphaltic  concrete 
with  benches  5  ft.  wide  and  rises  of  5  in. 
to  10  in. 

There  will  be  parking  space  for  12,000 
automobiles. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^     37     ^       JULY.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


General  Note 

All  lumber,  including  tfis  rermitK    barrier; 
indicat<::d  by  Shading ,  shall  be  pressure. 
Ireat&d  with  coal-tor  creosote.'   To  eliminate, 
any  discoloration  of  finished  flooring  ar  ex- 
/?e,nforcA^  Rods    tarior   fini.sh  the    termita   barrier  and 
3/4 f'  Anoh  -yrs.  sheathing,  tvhere  the  exterior  is  finished  with 

cement  plaster;  and  the  rustic  or  shiplap 
where  wood  is  used  for  the  exterior  fmish, 
shall  bx  /oressure  treated  with  J  coal-tar. 
creosote  frvmivh/cti  the  blacK  color  has 
bean  removed,  and  which  does  not  discolor  th& 

d,  IS  n of  subject  to  bleeding  and  can  be 
painted.  /^  product  of  fhisfype  has  recently  .  ..^ 
been  placed  upon  the  market  under  the  trade  V'S  /^etal  uo 
name  of  ffaiHy  Transparent  Penetrating  Creosdis. 
All  otlet  lumber  belov^  the  termite  barrier 
to  be  pressure  1  reared  wit/i  8  pounds  of 
N9\.  frade  of  crude,  eoal-f-ar  creosote 
per  cubic   foot  of    wood. 


/ill  Joists,  studs, p/atea,  girders, 
brid^in^^tyracing  and  blocking  to 
be  treated  tvit/)  &  pounds  M^  1 
grade  c  oaf -tar  creosote  pei 
cubic  foot  of  ivood. 
(^ , <^ 


iA"  =  i'-o' 


Type.  -"B" 

(Basement) 


M^? 

-.:.^n:.    :^:.m       1 

mmmm///^//^/^ 

T  Y  p  ^  -  "B" 

(jBAStMtNTi 

Details    of  Termite:  Barrier. 

To    Prevent  Damage  by    Ground-Dwelling    Te.rmitE3. 

The  Architelct  '^'^d  Engineer.  harrv  w.  Abraham-s 

-       JUUV,     I93-4-.  A«cH,Tt  =  T    •-»   C.v.i.    E~si~ee 


Termites 

by    A.   A.  Brown,  C.   E. 


T" 


HE  statement  has 

been  made  that  the  use  of  pressure  treated 
lumber  as  specified  by  the  Termite  Inves- 
tigations Committee  places  a  very  heavy 
burden  of  expense  upon  prospective  home 
builders.     The    committee's    specifications 
for  prevention  and  control  of  damage  in 
buildings  by  termites  from  the  soil  require: 
"(c)  A  termite  barrier,  as  described  in  sec- 
tion (e).  shall  be  installed  in  the  building, 
and  all  wood  between  such  barrier  and  the 
ground  shall  be  No.   1   common  or  better 
grade  of  lumber  which  is  impregnated  by 
pressure  treatment  with  a   final  retention 
of  not  less  than  eight  (8)  pounds  of  No. 
1  grade  of  coal-tar  creosote  per  cubic  foot 
of  wood,   the   grade  of   creosote   and   the 
method  of  treatment  being  in  accordance 
with  specifications  of  the  American  Wood- 
Preservers'  Association,  or  such  wood  shall 
be  No.  1  common  or  better  grade  of  lum- 
ber which   is   impregnated   by  a   pressure 
treatment  with  such  other  equivalent  pre- 
servative and   equivalent   method   as   may 
hereafter  be  approved.   Such  wood  shall  be 
completely  framed  before  treatment  when- 
ever this  is  possible,  and  when   it  is  not 
possible,  the  surfaces  exposed  by  cutting 
after  treatment  shall  be  thoroughly  coated 
with  at  least  two  coats  of  hot  coal-tar  creo- 
sote or  other  equivalent  preservative. 


"(e)  The  termite  barrier  specified  in 
section  (c)  shall  be  so  constructed  as  to 
completely  cut  off  all  access  of  termites 
from  the  ground  to  all  untreated  wood 
above  said  barrier.  The  barrier  shall  be 
made  of  material  impenetrable  by  termites, 
such  as  reinforced  concrete,  non-corrosible 
metal,  metal  lath  and  plaster,  or  tongue 
and  groove  or  shiplap  wood  pressure-treat- 
ed as  specified  in  section  (c).  All  wood 
between  this  barrier  and  the  ground  shall 
be  pressure-treated  as  specified  in  section 
(c). 

"Floor  joists  shall  have  a  clearance  of 
not  less  than  eighteen  (18)  inches  between 
the  joists  and  the  surface  of  the  ground 
underneath.  The  ground  underneath  floor 
joists  shall  be  leveled  or  smoothed  off  so 
as  to  maintain  a  reasonably  even  surface 
under  the  entire  area  covered  by  the  floor 
joists." 

The  accompanying  details,  Plate  I.  have 
been  prepared  in  accordance  with  the  ter- 
mite committee's  specifications  as  applied 
to  home  construction  of  moderate  cost. 
Lumber  pressure  treated  with  Reillv  Trans- 
parent Penetrating  Creosote  to  be  used 
in  the  termite  barrier  or  shiplap  sub-floor 
and  in  sheathing  under  the  outside  stucco 
which  eliminates  any  danger  of  discolor- 
ing the  finished  flooring  or  plaster  walls. 
All  other  lumber  below  the  termite  barrier 


4    39  ► 


to  be  pressure  treated  with  crude  creosote. 
In  a  building  so  constructed  all  the  un- 
treated lumber  above  the  termite  barrier  is 
positively  protected  against  damage  by 
termites  coming  from  the  soil. 

The  cost  of  this  protection  is  about  9^2 
cents  per  square  foot  of  first  floor  area  for 
houses  without  basement  and  with  cement 
plaster  exterior.  Where  rustic  or  ship-lap 
is  used  for  exterior  finish  the  cost  is  approx- 
imately 1  OVi  cents  per  square  foot.  If  the  dis- 
tance between  the  underside  of  the  first 
floor  joists  and  the  top  of  the  ground  is  to 
be  more  than  1 8  inches  to  provide  for 
garage  or  basement  space  or  for  hillside 
construction  add  7  cents  for  each  square 
foot  of  additional  outside  basement  wall 
area,  where  exterior  is  finished  with  cement 
plaster;  add  8  cents  where  rustic  or  ship- 
lap  is  used  for  exterior  finish.  The  added 
cost  for  a  cottage  of  1 ,000  square  foot  area 
is  approximately  $95.00. 

Where  the  black  color  is  objectionable, 
wood  treated  with  the  refined  creosote, 
which  does  not  discolor  the  wood,  can  be 
used  at  an  additional  cost  of  214  cents  per 
square  foot  floor  area. 

Cost  of  Some  Recent  Jobs 
Some  recent  termite  repair  jobs  in  San 
Francisco  have  cost  from  $165  to  $900.  A 
termite  control  operator  in  San  Diego  re- 
ported to  the  Termite  Committee  the  aver- 
age cost  of  repairing  some  440  structures 
as  $269.38  each.  These  latter  figures  do 
not  include  sums  spent  on  rehabilitation  of 
structures,  such  as  re-plastering  walls, 
painting,  or  other  items  not  directly  due  to 
damage  by  termites. 


The  pressure  treating  of  all  foundation 
lumber  in  building  provides  additional  se- 
curity in  a  region  where  the  earthquake 
hazard  prevails.  Considering  the  damage 
caused  by  the  recent  earthquake  at  Long 
Beach,  the  Termite  Investigations  Commit- 
tee says;  "Of  the  houses  damaged  by 
earthquake,  many  were  found  to  be  infest- 
ed by  termites.  It  is  obviously  difficult  to 
assess  quantitatively  the  relative  contribu- 
tions to  earthquake  damage  by  structural 
weaknesses,  on  the  one  hand,  and  by  ter- 
mite damage  of  such  members,  on  the 
other  hand.  It  is  apparent,  however,  that 
termite  damage  adds  to  the  earthquake 
hazard,  especially  in  the  case  of  that  by  the 
subterranean  termite,  whose  main  area  of 
operations  is  in  timbers  near  the  ground. 

"The  impartial  and  searching  earthquake 
test  establishes  the  fact  that  wood  is  emi- 
nently adapted  for  meeting  the  earthquake 
hazard  in  houses  and  other  residential 
structures,  and  that  the  prevention  of  ter- 
mite infestation  is  essential  in  maintaining 
the  protection  afforded  by  the  use  of 
wood.' 

The  added  cost  of  providing  adequate 
protection  against  the  ravages  of  termites 
and  destruction  by  fungi,  as  v/ell  as  great- 
er security  in  case  of  earthquake,  is  a  nom- 
inal sum  ranging  conservatively  from  1 M  to 
3  per  cent  of  the  cost  of  the  structure, 
being  higher  for  single  story  houses  and 
proportionately  lower  for  buildings  of  two 
or  more  stories,  depending  upon  the  ratio 
of  floor  area  above  the  first  floor  to  the 
area  to  be  protected. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER       ^     40     ►       JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Air-Conditioning 

by      Wm.      E.      Leland,     M.     E. 


D 


QRING  the  last  few 
years  we  have  iieard  a  lot  about  air  con- 
ditioning and  now  it  is  a  real  factor  in 
the  engineer's  scheme  of  things. 

Formerly  the  mechanical  engineer  had 
to  deal  with  ventilation  as  his  main  prob- 
lem, and  so  long  as  he  could  design  a  good 
ventilating  system  that  would  supply  a  rea- 
sonable amount  of  fresh  air  he  felt  that  he 
had  done  about  all  that  was  expected  of 
him  in  this  line. 

If  one  were  to  define  the  word  "ventila- 
tion" he  would  probably  state  that  it  was 
"supplying  to  the  building  sufficient  fresh 
air  to  maintain  a  reasonable  degree  of  air 
purity  in  the  rooms  and  to  remove  all  used 
or  foul  air,  combined  with  the  proper  heat- 
ing of  the  spaces  in  cold  weather.' 

On  the  other  hand,  air  conditioning  com- 
prises considerably  more  than  just  ordinary 
ventilation  as  above  described  and  may  be 
defined  as  the  maintenance  of  healthful  and 
comfortable  living  conditions  in  our  build- 
ings by  the  maintenance  of  proper  temper- 
atures, proper  humidities,  proper  air  motion 
in  the  rooms  and  proper  cleaning  of  the 
air  handled  in  the  ventilating  or  condition- 
ing apparatus. 

In  considering  all  of  these  qualities  of  air 
we  ought  to  know  how  the  variations  of  the 
different  qualities  affect  the  total  result  of 
the  comfort  of  the  occupants  of  a  room; 
and  how  the  three  functions,  temperature, 
humidity  and  air  motion,  must  be  combined 
to  make  up  a  comfortable  condition. 

Comfort,  as  the  term  is  used  in  air  con- 
ditioning,   is    that   condition    of    the    three 

The  author  is  a  member  uf  the  firm  of  Leland  &  Haley.  Consulthig  Engi- 
neers, San  Francisco. 


functions  above  mentioned  under  which  at 
least  95  per  cent  of  the  occupants  of  a  room 
will  express  perfect  comfort  and  be  uncon- 
scious of  any  air  conditions,  either  good  or 
bad.  In  this  condition  it  is  possible  to  vary 
any  one  of  these  factors  if  the  others  are 
properly  changed  so  that  no  change  in  com- 
fort will  be  noticed.  For  instance,  an  actual 
temperature  of  70  degrees  and  a  relative 
humidity  of  about  50  per  cent  with  still  air, 
produces  comfort.  Now  if  the  temperature 
is  raised  to,  say,  72  degrees,  the  relative 
humidity  lowered  to  about  30  per  cent  and 
the  air  motion  maintained  at  a  condition  of 
still  air  no  change  in  comfort  conditions 
will  result,  while  if  the  air  motion  is  in- 
creased the  comfort  point  will  drop  and  the 
general  impression  will  be  that  the  room 
is  cooler  than  formerly  although  the  actual 
temperature  as  measured  by  a  thermometer 
has  increased. 

In  like  manner,  a  lowering  of  the  actual 
temperature  can  be  offset  by  raising  the 
humidity  and  any  increase  of  air  movement 
in  the  room  will  produce  a  lower  comfort 
point  and  an  apparent  change  in  tempera- 
ture. 

As  far  as  ventilation  is  concerned,  a  very 
small  amount  of  fresh  outdoor  air  is  re- 
quired for  good  results,  and  as  little  as  ten 
cubic  feet  per  minute  per  person  is  amply 
sufficient  if  the  air  is  properly  conditioned, 
and  upwards  of  75  per  cent  of  the  total  air 
handled  by  the  ventilating  or  conditioning 
plant  may  be  recirculated.  This  fact  results 
in  considerable  operating  economy  in  the 
saving  of  fuel  in  cold  weather  when  all  the 
fresh  outdoor  air  has  to  be  heated  up  to 
approximately  70  degrees  before  it  can  be 
admitted  to  the  rooms,  and.  likewise,  if  the 


^   41   ► 


problem  is  one  of  cooling  in  hot  weather 
less  cooling  effect  is  required  if  most  of  the 
air  at  the  cooler  room  temperature  is  recir- 
culated instead  of  using  100  per  cent  of  the 
hot  outside  air.  In  cooling  from  high  out- 
side temperatures,  air  motion  is  very  im- 
portant and  much  benefit  will  result  from 
the  circulation  of  a  large  amount  of  air  even 
if  the  actual  temperature  is  high.  As  a  mat- 
ter of  fact  the  comfort  point  in  summer  is 
at  a  considerably  higher  temperature  than 
in  winter. 

With  every  air-conditioning  system  ade- 
quate means  of  cleaning  the  air  of  all  dirt 
and  foreign  matter  should  be  installed  and 
this  may  be  accomplished  by  means  of  dry 
type  air  filters  or  by  means  of  air  washers, 
especially  if  cooling  equipment  is  to  be  in- 
stalled. 

It  is  probably  well  known  that  air  wash- 
ers can  be  used  under  certain  conditions  as 
effective  cooling  equipment.  It  should  be 
remembered  that  this  type  of  cooling  is  al- 
ways accompanied  by  an  increase  in  hu- 
midity and  oftentimes  the  air  washer  cooler 
will  produce  a  condition  that  is  worse,  as 
far  as  the  comfort  point  is  concerned,  than 
if  no  cooling  had  been  attempted  and  the 
air  motion  decidedly  increased  instead.  In 
no  sense  is  a  simple  air  washer  to  be  con- 
sidered as  an  air  conditioning  equipment 
as  there  is  no  control  of  relative  humidity 
produced  in  the  rooms. 

Air-conditioning  plants  are  valuable  for 
two  specific  uses,  first,  in  occupied  portions 
of  buildings  where  it  is  desired  to  produce 
constant  conditions  of  comfort  regardless 
of  outside  weather  conditions,  and,  second, 
in  industrial  plants  where  certain  fixed  con- 
ditions of  temperature  and  humidity  are  re- 
quired for  the  satisfactory  manufacture  of 
the  particular  product.  In  such  cases  it  is 
perfectly  possible  to  produce  any  condition 
of  temperature  and  humidity  desired  and 
to  maintain  these  conditions  indefinitely 
and  automatically.    In  every  such  installa- 


tion apparatus  for  producing  heat,  refrig- 
eration and  air  handling  must  form  a  part 
of  the  installed  equipment. 

Unit  apparatus  is  built  for  supplying  air 
conditioning  in  small  rooms  or  buildings, 
including  residences,  and  particularly 
where  atmospheric  conditions  require  cool- 
ing for  a  large  part  of  the  time.  The  cool- 
ing is  generally  accomplished  by  artificial 
refrigeration,  but  if  cold  water  at  tempera- 
tures below  about  65  degrees  can  be  ob- 
tained in  sufficient  quantities  this  can  be 
used  as  the  cooling  medium. 

In  some  cases  cooling  water  can  be  pro- 
duced in  sufficient  quantities  by  the  use  of 
an  atmosphere  cooling  tower,  and  the  water 
recirculated  as  in  the  case  of  the  condi- 
tioned air. 

In  order  to  cool  air  without  adding  hu- 
midity to  it  the  air  must  be  cooled  by  sur- 
face contact  with  some  form  of  radiation 
in  which  the  water  is  circulated  and  the  air 
cooled  the  same  way  it  is  heated  when 
steam  or  hot  water  is  used  for  heating. 

With  the  air  washer  method  of  cooling, 
the  air  is  cooled  by  actual  contact  with  a 
fine  water  spray  when  water  is  evaporated 
by  the  passing  air,  the  heat  for  this  evap- 
oration being  taken  from  the  air  itself,  and 
the  evaporated  water  added  to  the  air  in 
the  form  of  added  relative  humidity.  In 
such  an  equipment  the  cooled  air  leaves  the 
air  washer  at  saturation  of  somewhat  be- 
low that  condition,  depending  on  the  effi- 
ciency of  the  washer.  As  it  enters  the  rooms 
to  be  cooled  it  takes  up  heat  and  its  rela- 
tive humidity  is  correspondingly  reduced, 
but  with  the  final  result  that  in  almost  every 
case  the  humidity  in  the  room  is  raised 
above  the  proper  point  for  comfort.  In  this 
type  of  equipment  the  degree  of  cooling 
depends  entirely  on  the  temperature  and 
relative  humidity  of  the  outside  air,  and 
no  air  can  be  recirculated  as  recirculation 
would  result  in  increase  of  the  relative  hu- 
midity in  the  rooms  to  the  saturation  point. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      42     ►       JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Stecl-Framc 

by    Philip    I.    Baker,    C.   E. 


WALL  FRAME  ERECTED  READY  TO 
RECEIVE  FLOOR  JOISTS 


4rchitects  and  engineers  throughout  the  Pacific  Coast  are  manifesting  unusual  interest  in  the  new 
Girls  Dormitory  buildings  under  construction  at  Stanford  University  Campus,  Palo  Alto.  ^  I'"  f^^^l' 
tares  are  so  unusual  in  design  that  engineers  predict  they  are  forerunners  of  a  popular  type  of  light 
steel  construction  for  apartment  houses  and  residences. 

Speed  in  fabrication  and  erection,  as  well  as  economy  and  strength,  tcere  factors  influencing  the 
University  authorities  in  their  final  approval  of  the  design.  The  group  is  made  up  of  four  buildings^ 
each  tuo  stories  with  high  concrete  basement,  and  covering  ground  area  50.200  The  site  is  m  the  San 
Andreas  fault,  hence  the  need  of  a  type  of  building  possessing  sufficient  fle.ribility  to  withstand  severe 
earth  stresses  and  at  the  same  time  comply  uith  the  rigid  requirements  of  the  new  State  earthquake 
law    Below  is  a  detailed  description  of  the  buildings  by  Mr.  Baker,  author  of  the  steel  design. 


A: 


^T  Stanford  Uni- 
versity there  is  now  under  construction  a 
large  dormitory  project,  based  upon  the 
principles  of  fire  safety,  earthquake  resist- 
ance and  permanence. 

Four  connected,  yet  distinct  units,  each 
opening  on  the  large  court  yard,  will  house 
a  total  of  two  hundred  women  students. 
The  group  of  new  structures,  known  as 
Lagunita  Court,  forms  a  new  dormitory 
unit  accommodating  two  hundred  girl  stu- 
dents, increasing  the  total  housing  facilities 
for  women  at  Stanford  to  one  thousand. 

With  the  architectural  monotony  elimi- 
nated through  the  use  of  broken  lines,  out- 
side staircases,  porches,  terraces  and  ar- 
cades, Lagunita  Court  will  have  no  resem- 
blance to  the  old  type  of  dormitory.  How- 
ever, it  will  be  similar  to  Toyon  Hall  and 
the  Women's  Gymnasium.  The  new  dor- 
mitory is  located  on  Santa  Teresa,  facing 
the   Women's    Gymnasium,    and    occupies 


the  space  between  Roble  Hall  and  Gover- 
nor's Lane. 

These  dormitories  are  two  stories  high 
and  42'6"  wide.  Two  of  the  buildings  are 
156  feet  long  and  two  are  209  feet  long. 
The  front  of  the  building,  also  opening  on 
the  court,  and  joined  to  the  dormitory  units 
by  corridors,  will  contain  the  central  lobby, 
offices  and  package  rooms.  Extending  over 
half  the  length  of  the  court  on  either  side 
are  the  two  front  dormitory  units.  Con- 
nected to  them  by  corridors  are  the  two  end 
units.  These  are  arranged  in  echelon,  con- 
tinuing on  to  the  south  side  of  the  court, 
where  they  open  into  the  two  dining  rooms. 
A  large  kitchen,  flanked  on  either  side  by 
servants'  quarters,  is  located  at  the  rear  of 
the  court,  adjoining  the  dining  rooms. 

In  this  type  of  building  there  are  many 
requirements  to  be  fulfilled,  such  as  fire 
safety,  earthquake  resistance,  elimination 
of  shrinkage,  freedom  from  termite  attack, 
adequate  space  for  installation  of  plumb- 


^    43    ► 


WALL  PANELS  BEING  FABRICATED  IN  SHOP 


LAGUNITA  COURT 
Stanford  University 

A  dormitory  for  200  women 
students. 

The  first  arc  welded  steel  frame 
for  this  type  of  building  on  the  Pa- 
cific Coast. 

Fire  insurance  rate  is  27  per 
cent  lower  than  for  wood  frame. 

Designed  to  resist  severe  earth 
stresses,  being  located  in  the  San 
Andreas  fault. 

Nature  of  structural  design  elim- 
inates all  termite  hazards. 


WALL  PANELS  BEING  TRANSPORTED  IN 
SPECIAL  TRUCKS  DOWN  BAYSHORE  HIGHWAY 


ing  and  wiring,  and  the  time  required  for 
construction.  After  investigation  for  a 
suitable  material  to  meet  all  of  these  re- 
quirements, it  was  decided  to  use  a  light 
steel  frame  for  wall  studs  and  floor  joists. 
Although  the  architectural  elevations  and 
a  great  many  of  the  details  had  already 
been  determined,  the  adoption  of  the  steel 
frame  construction  did  not  in  any  way 
change  the  architectural  features. 

First  Floor  Construction 
The  first  floor  construction  consists  of 
steel  truss  joists  spaced  thirty-two  inches 
apart,  supporting  two  by  four  sleepers  at 
seventeen  inches  on  center,  placed  at  right 
angles  to  the  joists.  These  sleepers  are  se- 
cured to  the  joists  by  means  of  special  steel 
clips.  The  sub-floor  is  nailed  directly  to  the 
sleepers,  and  then  the  hardwood  finish  floor 
is  placed  over  the  sub-floor. 

The  second  floor  is  supported  on  steel 
truss  joists  at  thirty-two  inches  on  center. 
The  ceiling  of  the  first  story  is  attached 
directly  to  the  bottom  chord  of  the  joists, 
and  is  composed  of  three-quarter  inch  hot- 
rolled  channels  at  twelve  inches  on  center, 
to  which  is  attached  one  layer  of  one  inch 
insulation..  One  layer  of  "chicken  wire" 
was  fastened  to  the  insulation  and  then  the 
ceiling  plaster  was  applied.  Two  by  four 
sleepers  at  seventeen  inches  on  center  are 
securely  fastened  on  top  of  the  steel  joists. 
On  top  of  the  sleepers  is  applied  the  one- 
inch  sub-floor,  one-half  inch  Celotex.  and 
the  hardwood  finished  floor. 

The  ceiling  of  the  second  story  is  com- 
posed of  truss  steel  joists  supporting  three- 
quarter  inch  channel,  Bar-X  metal  lath  and 
plaster. 

The  roof  consists  of  red  tile  supported 
by  one  inch  wood  sheathing  and  two  by 
four  rafters,  spaced  twenty-one  inches  on 
center,  these  rafters  in  turn  being  support- 
ed by  a  steel  frame  resting  on  the  corridor 
walls  and  the  ceiling  joists  above  the  sec- 
ond story. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER       ■^      44      ^       JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Arc-Welded  Steel  Joists 
The  floor  joists  are  all  arc-welded  steel 
joists  of  determinate  truss  design.  All  panel 
points  have  sufficient  weld  to  fully  develop 
the  stresses  in  the  members  connected.  The 
main  joists  are  all  twelve  inches  deep  and 
forty  -  two  feet  six  inches  long,  extending 
from  out  to  out  of  the  building,  and  are 
welded  to  the  interior  bearing  walls  as  well 
as  the  exterior  walls.   This  provides  a  sys- 
tem of  wall  and  floor  framing  all  definitely 
and  rigidly  connected  together.  The  bottom 
chord  extends  throughout  the  length  of  the 
joist  from  wall  to  wall,  parallel  to  the  top 
chord.    This  provides  a  definite,  even  and 
rigid  support  for  the  ceilings.    The  Soule 
steel  truss  joists  are  said  to  be  the  only 
joists   which    have    this    feature,    as    other 
joists  bend  up  the  bottom  chord  at  the  sup- 
port and  add  an  extension  in  order  to  carry 
the  ceiling.   By  extending  the  bottom  chord 
through  to  the  support,  the  possibility  of 
cracks   developing   at  the   junction  of   the 
ceiling  and  the  wall  is  eliminated. 

The  exterior  frames  are  all  arc -welded 
trussed  studs  made  up  in  panels  of  sizes 
convenient  to  handle  in  the  field,  and  with 
openings  provided  for  windows  and  doors 
and  recesses  under  the  windows  for  radia- 
tors. All  shop  and  field  connections,  in- 
cluding attachment  of  bracing,  are  arc- 
welded.  The  panels  are  two  stories  high, 
extending  from  the  foundation  to  the  eaves, 
six  inches  thick  and  approximately  ten  feet 
six  inches  wide.  The  wall  studs  are  placed 
sixteen  inches  on  center. 

The  interior  frames  are  also  arc-welded. 
These  frames  are  made  up  in  panels  two 
stories  high,  four  inches  thick  and  approx- 
imately ten  feet  six  inches  wide.  The  main 
stud  at  the  line  of  the  cross  partitions  are 
made  of  four-inch  arc-welded  trussed  studs 
similar  to  those  in  the  exterior  walls.  Be- 
tween these  trussed  studs  are  placed  four- 
inch  cold-rolled  channels  studs  at  sixteen 
inches  on  center.    The  studs  at  the  line  of 


EARTHQUAKE  BRACING  IN  ALL  NON-BEARING 
TRANSVERSE  PARTITIONS 


STEEL  FRAME  COMPLETED  READY  FOR 
ROOFING  AND  LATHING 


WALL  FRAMING  IN  PLACE  FOR  KITCHEN 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


.^      45     ^       JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


i    i    ^1^ 


^»f 


EXTERIOR  OF  MAIN  BUILDING  READY  FOR  PLASTERING 


cross  partitions  are  made  heavier,  as  they 
are  to  provide  additional  strength  to  absorb 
earthquake  stresses.  All  openings  are  fram- 
ed with  the  four-inch  channel  stud  mate- 
rial. To  these  frames  are  attached  the  bucks 
for  framing  the  doors.    The  bottom  plates 


VIEW  DOWN  CORRIDOR.  READY  FOR 
LATHING  AND  FLOORING 


of  the  wall  frames  have  slotted  holes  accu- 
rately spaced  to  slip  over  the  bolts  which 
are  placed  in  the  concrete  foundation. 

Special  Trailers  for  Transportation 

The  frames  were  transported  to  the  job 
on  special  trailers.  Transportation  of  these 
frames  presented  a  rather  difficult  prob- 
lem. In  order  to  obtain  efficient  erection,  it 
was  necessary  that  the  panels  be  made  up 
in  sections  as  wide  as  could  be  handled 
conveniently  on  the  job.  On  account  of  the 
state  laws,  it  was  not  possible  to  obtain  a 
permit  for  hauling  material  more  than  eight 
feet  six  inches  wide  horizontally.  It  was 
therefore  necessary  to  devise  a  trailer  that 
would  permit  the  transportation  of  units  as 
large  as  22  feet  long  and  twelve  feet  high. 
This  was  done,  and  no  difficulty  has  been 
experienced  in  the  transportation. 

Over  the  outside  of  the  steel  frame  is 
placed  water  -  proof  paper  -  back  Steeltex, 
upon  which  the  stucco  is  directly  applied. 
This  permits  extreme  flexibility  in  architec- 
tural treatment.  On  all  interior  walls  the 
plaster  is  applied  directly  on  Bar-X  lath, 
which  is  secured  to  the  steel  studs.  For 
ceilings.  Bar  -  X  lath  is  attached  to  the 
underside  of  the  steel  truss  joists  and  forms 
a  rigid  support  for  the  plaster. 


L  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      <^      46     ^       JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


mentary  yielding,  after  which  the  members 
will  return  to  their  static  position. 

A  simple  group  of  units,  each  one  of 
which  is  free  to  swing  with  its  own  period 
of  vibration  without  damage  to  others,  is 
essential.  Lagunita  Court,  with  its  unusual 
arrangement  of  offset  units,  may  be  easily 
cited  as  the  architect's  answer  to  Dr. 
Bailey  Willis'  radio  challenge  "Americans 
can  be  safe  in  earthquakes,  and  it  is  up 
to  Californians  to  show  them  how. 

Time  Saving  an  Element 

During  the  time  the  various  steel  units 
were  being  detailed  and  fabricated,  the 
general  contractor  was  preparing  the  foun- 
dations. By  having  the  wall  frames  ready 
to  erect  as  soon  as  the  concrete  foundations 
were  ready,  considerable  time  was  saved 


EARTHQUAKE  BRACING  ON  LOAD 
BEARING  WALLS 


To  provide  for  earthquake  resistance, 
special  cross-framing  is  arc -welded  to  all 
interior  and  exterior  load  -  bearing  wall 
studs.  Additional  cross  bracing  is  placed 
in  both  stories  at  all  transverse  room  parti- 
tion walls.  This  bracing  is  arc-welded  to 
the  wall  studs  at  longitudinal  partition 
lines.  All  steel  truss  joists  extend  clear 
through  the  building  transversely  between 
outside  walls,  and  are  arc -welded  to  the 
wall  studs  at  exterior  and  interior  walls. 
There  are  four  main  lines  of  steel  framing 
extending  the  entire  length  of  the  building, 
these  lines  consisting  of  the  exterior  and 
corridor  walls.  The  entire  wall  structure 
is  resilient  and  sturdy.  It  is  completely 
welded  together  to  develop  members  to  the 
full  strength  of  the  material.  Earthquake 
and  wind  stresses  are  dissipated  with  mo- 


END  WALLS  COMPLETED  AND  READY 
FOR  ROOF  JOISTS 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


■^     47     ^      JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOIIH 


in  the  field.  All  welded  connections  are 
arc-welded,  and  each  panel  is  welded  to 
its  adjoining  panels. 

Time  was  a  very  important  element  in 
this  work.  The  building  schedule  called 
for  erection  and  completion  of  all  steel 
frame  work,  beginning  May  1  and  ending 
June  16.  Even  though  it  was  anticipated 
that  this  would  be  a  very  severe  and  rapid 
time  schedule,  the  general  contractor  was 
able  to  commence  laying  his  sub-flooring 
in  the  fourth  dormitory  on  May  29,  just 
eighteen  days  sooner  than  originally  con- 
templated. 

The  dormitories  were  designed  for  a  live 
load  of  forty  pounds  per  square  foot  in  the 
rooms  and  one  hundred  pounds  per  square 
foot  in  the  corridors,  plus  the  dead  load. 
In  addition  to  these  loads,  provision  was 
made  to  resist  earthquake  stresses  by  de- 
signing for  ten  percent  gravity.    The  state 
law  provides   that   buildings  of   this   type 
"shall  be  designed  and  constructed  to  re- 
sist and  withstand  horizontal  forces  from 
any  direction  of  not  less  than  two  percent 
of  the  total  vertical  design  load  or  twenty 
per  cent  per  square  foot  wind  pressure  on 
the  vertical  projection  of  the  exposed  sur- 
face, the  horizontal  force  used  to  be  the 
one  that  produces  the  greater  stress  in  the 
building."    However,  in  this  case  a  twenty 
pound  wind  pressure  amounts  to  practic- 
ally seven  percent  gravity.    These  build- 
ings, therefore  have  greater  earthquake  re- 
sistance than  that  required  by  the  state  law. 
Before  being  allowed  to  work  in  either 
the  shop  or  the  field,  each  welder  was  re- 
quired  to  make   test  welds   which   would 
show  a  minimum  ultimate  strength  of  sixty 
thousand    pounds   per   square   inch.     This 
sixty    thousand    pounds    per    square    inch 
amounts    to    approximately    six    thousand 
pounds  per  lineal  inch  of  one-eighth  inch 
weld.    Since  the  unit  working  stress  adopt- 
ed for  welds  was  1 1 ,300  pounds  per  square 
inch,  the  unit  working  stress  per  lineal  inch 


of  one-eighth  inch  weld  is  one  thousand 
pounds.  From  this,  it  is  readily  seen  that 
a  large  factor  of  safety  was  obtained. 

Advantages  of  the  New  Type 

In  this  type  of  construction  there  are 
many  advantages  to  be  obtained,  such  as 
the  following: 

( 1  )  The  fire  hazard  is  minimized,  and 
thereby  a  much  cheaper  fire  insurance  rate 
is  obtained  than  is  possible  s\ath  a  wood 
frame  or  even  a  wood  frame  with  sprinkler 
system.  The  fire  insurance  rate  obtained 
on  this  steel  frame  building  is  twenty-seven 
percent  lower  than  that  for  wood  frame 
buildings,  and  nineteen  percent  lower  than 
that  for  wood  frame  buildings  with  sprin- 
kler system. 

( 2  )  This  type  of  construction  is  admir- 
ably adaptable  to  earthquake  resistance  de- 
sign, and  is  designed  to  resist  definite 
forces.  All  stresses  can  be  accurately  de- 
termined where  the  steel  frame  is  used, 
whereas  in  some  other  types  of  construc- 
tion it  is  very  difficult  to  accurately  deter- 
mine what  will  take  place  when  depending 
entirely  upon  questionable  connections. 
This  building  will  have  a  certain  amount 
of  flexibility,  thereby  preventing  sudden 
ruptures  due  to  violent  earthquake  stresses. 

(3)  Termites,  which  are  becoming  an 
increasing  hazard  to  wood  structures 
throughout  California  and  other  Western 
states,  cannot  attack  the  members  of  the 
steel  frame.  Thus,  the  termite  hazard  is 
entirely  eliminated  from  the  structural  por- 
tions of  the  building,  as  there  is  no  pos- 
sible chance  for  these  insects  to  enter  the 
studs  or  joists. 

(4)  Shrinkage,  which  is  one  of  the 
worst  problems  to  the  architect,  builder  and 
owner,  is  entirely  eliminated  from  the  steel 
frame  construction.  There  will  be  abso- 
lutely no  trouble  from  shrinkage  in  the  steel 
frame. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      48     ^       JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


(5)  Adequate  space  is  provided  for 
conduits  and  plumbing  through  the  joists 
or  through  the  open  web  stud  system.  This 
reduces  the  cost  of  wiring  and  plumbing, 
and  also  provides  a  possibility  of  making 
quick  and  economical  changes  in  the  wiring 
and  plumbing  systems  at  future  dates. 

(6)  The  time  of  erection  is  greatly  re- 
duced, due  to  the  fact  that  the  walls  are 
made  up  in  panels  in  the  shop  and  are 
ready  to  be  erected  immediately  upon  ar- 
riving at  the  job.  This  greatly  reduces  the 
job  overhead. 

The  architectural  plans  were  prepared 
by  John  Bakewell  and  Arthur  Brown  Jr., 
associated  architects.  The  University  is 
building  the  dormitories,  with  George 
Wagner  of  San  Francisco  as  manager 
of  construction.  All  structural  details 
were  checked  by  Professors  J.  B.  Wells 
and  A.  S.  Niles  of  the  Stanford  University 
Engineering  Department.  The  fabrication 
and  erection  of  the  steel  frame  was  done 
by  the  Soule'  Steel  Company.  The  struc- 
tural design  was  prepared  by  the  writer. 


ARCHITECTURAL  EDUCATION 

[Concluded  from  Page  34] 


means  work  out  the  general  scheme  of  a 
little  structure  and  then  model  it.  The  mod- 
eling is  first  done  in  plasticine,  so  that  it 
can  be  studied  with  a  flexible  medium,  and 
when  a  solution  has  been  found,  a  fine 
model  is  made  in  more  permanent  materials 
using  color.  When  the  problem  is  com- 
plete, rough  plans  and  elevations  are  made; 
and  as  would  be  expected,  they  are  very 
intelligent.  In  this  connection  we  are  also 
studying  ornament  from  the  standpoint  of 
the  general  principles  of  design  without 
copying  anything.  These  are  also  modeled 
before  they  are  drawn,  if  they  are  drawn 
at  all.  What  we  are  trying  to  give  to  these 


students  from  the  start  is  that  study  of 
architecture  is  not  a  matter  of  purely  paper 
problems,  but  rather  that  it  is  the  design- 
ing of  buildings,  starting  with  the  simplest 
examples  we  can  find. 

Encourage  Students  Inspiration 

A  study  of  historic  details  is  given 
later  in  connection  with  the  the  history 
courses  when  the  student  may  better 
understand  the  reason  for  this  part  of 
his  education.  It  is  merely  our  ambition  to 
see  if  it  is  not  possible  to  train  students 
with  a  little  more  natural  emphasis  upon 
the  fundamentals  of  design  rather  than 
upon  architecture  as  merely  the  reassem- 
bling of  motifs  and  alphabets  of  the  past. 
These  we  hope  they  may  come  to  use  nat- 
urally as  inspiration  instead  of  being  train- 
ed from  the  first  only  to  copy  and  fit  old 
motifs  to  new  solutions.  We  wish  it  to  be 
understood  that  this  is  entirely  in  the  nature 
of  an  experiment.  There  has  not  yet  been 
sufficient  time  to  observe  whether  we  are 
making  any  contribution  to  architectural 
education." 

"We  are  attempting  at  this  College  to 
collaborate  intimately  the  allied  arts  with 
architecture.  They  are  given  in  the  same 
building  with  the  studios  closely  combined. 
Every  opportunity  is  given  the  architect  to 
contact  and  experiment  with  the  other  arts 
and  vice  versa.  We  are  trying  to  be,  in 
fact,  just  one  family  in  the  general  field 
of  the  fine  arts." 

"Incidentally,  some  of  the  best  painters 
and  sculptors,  etc.,  are  proving  to  be  stu- 
dents who  have  started  in  architecture  and 
then  have  found  their  great  interest  in  one 
of  the  allied  arts.  Our  fine  arts  divisions 
are  purely  professional  and  lead  to  the  de- 
gree of  Bachelor  of  Fine  Arts." 

"We  have  dropped  all  language  require- 
ments." 

[The  second  part  of  Mr.  Lawrence's  paper 
will  be  published  in  the  August  number.] 


THE  ARCHITECT  .^ND  ENGINEER      .^      49     ^       J  III.Y,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


CLOSE  UP  OF  MARIN  TOWER.  GOLDEN  GATE  BRIDGE 
NOTE  FLAG  PLANTED  ON  TOP. 


:H1TECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      50     ►       JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


R 


ecords 


by    J.    F.    Branagan 


Tc 


O  the  professional  realized.    The  burned  drawings,   tracings, 

man  his  records  constitute  the  commodity  maps  and  survey  records  could  not  be  re- 
or  stock  in  trade  with  whicf.  his  business  placed  for  a  thousand  times  the  value  of  the 
is  conducted.  The  architeci  or  engineer  transits  and  levels  that  were  saved.  Many 
above  any  other  should  take  the  greatest  of  them  could  never  be  duplicated,  and  their 
care  and  afford  the  highest  means  of  pro-  loss  was  a  handicap  that  hindered  opera- 
tection  to  those  records  which  make  up  the  tions  and  retarded  progress  for  years  there- 
very  vitals  of  his  professional  work.   By  the  after. 


same  token  it  is  the  architect  and  engineer 
whose  duties  and  responsibilities  require 
that  he  advise  and  safeguard  others  in  this 
regard,  through  his  plans  and  specifica- 
tion.s. — who  should  be  most  meticulous  and 
exacting  in  ♦^he  protection  of  his  own  essen- 
tial records 

Yet  how  frequently  are  -^ve  careless  of 


The  National  Fire  Protection  Associa- 
tion, in  their  1932  report,  makes  this  state- 
men  ,  which  shows  the  comparative  value 
of  physical  property  and  paper  records: 
"Some  elements  of  the  value  of  records  can 
be  determined  quite  readily,  for  others  the 
best  approximation,  that  sound  judgment 
can  furnish,  must  be  used.    Such  inventor- 


our  own  affairs  in   proportion  as  we  are 

mindful   of   others!     It   is   no   meaningless  ies,  properly  and  carefully  prepared,  may 

adage   that   the   shoemaker's   children   are  produce  results   that  those  hitherto  unfa- 

often  the  most  poorly  shod  miliar  with  the  subject  may  find  almost  in 


Some  years  ago 
the  engineer's  office 
on  a  sugar  planta- 
tion in  the  Philip- 
pines burned  to  the 
ground.  Every  effort 
was  made  to  save 
the  surveying  in- 
struments and  it  was 
not  until  after  the 
building  had  col- 
lapsed in  a  pile  of 
ashes  that  the  full 
portent  of  this  de- 
plorable   error    was 


Pliulo  com-tesy  Remington.  Rand.  Inc. 

RECORDS  INTACT  AFTER  A  DESTRUCTIVE  FIRE 


credible.  In  one  Fed- 
eral government  de- 
partment, such  a 
study  showed  the 
following : 

"  Approximate 
present  value  of 
buildings,  $25,000,- 
000. 

"Inventory  value 
of  contents,  $11,- 
000,000. 

"Records  and 
uninventoried  val- 
ues,     $190,000,000. 


^    51    ► 


"Surely  such  grave  possibilities  of  loss 
should  not  be  disclosed  only  by  bitter  ex- 
perience, but  they  should  be  wisely  fore- 
seen, intelligently  appraised  and  vigorously 
guarded  against." 

Even  the  most  thoughtful  business  man 
or  professional  man  today  is  inclined  to 
place  a  disproportionate  value  upon  physi- 
cal property  and  minimize  the  worth  of 
paper  records.  We  recognize  the  value  of 
a  check,  a  draft  or  paper  currency,  but 
overlook  the  fact  that  a  notebook,  a  memo- 
randum or  a  letter  may  be  infinitely  more 
deserving  of  protection  in  that  its  loss 
would  be  irreparable. 

In  the  evaluation  of  records  three  factors 
must  be  taken  into  consideration  in  addi- 
tion to  their  actual,  intrinsic  value.  Besides 
this,  each  record  has  a  Replacement  value, 
a  Consequential  value  and  a  Contingent 
value.  The  meaning  of  the  first  is  obvious 
and  consists  of  the  actual  labor  and  mate- 
rial cost  of  surveys  and  similar  work  in 
gathering  the  essential  data  from  external 
sources  for  their  reproduction.  The  Con- 
sequential value  refers  to  the  losses  which 
will  be  sustained  through  their  absence, 
from  lack  of  facilities  for  economical  opera- 
tion without  them.  The  Contingent  values 
are  less  tangible  but  often  more  vitally  im- 
portant to  certain  classes  of  records.  This 
factor  is  exempHfied  by  such  contingencies 
as  legal  complications  which  may  arise 
through  the  absence  of  the  records  which 
have  been  destroyed.  These  may  consti- 
tute an  extremely  heavy  monetary  loss. 

In  a  recent  survey  conducted  by  R.  G. 
Dunn,  in  cooperation  with  a  prominent 
manufacturer  of  vaults  and  safe-cabinets, 
of  one  hundred  fires  in  commercial  estab- 
lishments throughout  the  United  States, 
these  astonishing  facts  were  revealed  as 
losses  sustained  through  the  destruction  of 
records: 

43%  did  not  resume  business. 

17%    were    unable   to   furnish   financial 


statements  thereafter. 

14%  suffered  from  30%  to  66  Vo  in  credit 
rating. 

26*^,  retained  the  same  credit  rating  but 
lost  in  other  ways. 

All  of  these  were  commercial  institutions 
the  destruction  of  whose  records  consti- 
tuted but  a  portion  of  the  total  loss. 

Besides  the  usual  books  of  account  re- 
quired in  any  business,  such  as  cash  book, 
journal,  ledgers,  bank  books  and  cancelled 
checks  the  architect  has  many  other  vitally 
important  records.  There  is  his  library  with 
his  engineering  and  reference  data,  his  con- 
tracts, his  working  papers  or  memoranda, 
his  drawings,  tracings  and  blue  prints. 
Also  there  are  his  cash  vouchers,  or  certifi- 
cates, given  to  contractors  passing  work 
done  and  approving  payment  by  the  owner. 
His  correspondence  is  unusually  valuable 
to  the  architect  containing,  as  it  does,  in- 
structions from  and  agreements  with  cli- 
ents: their  instructions,  changes,  follow- 
ups,  etc.,  with  contractors  and  with  manu- 
facture; s  regarding  specifications  and  quo- 
tations. The  destruction  of  such  records 
would  constitute  a  far  more  serious  loss  to 
him  than  would  that  of  his  regular  books  of 
accour.  c. 

It  is  axiomatic  that  the  largest  per  capita 
fire  losses  occur  in  the  more  densely  popu- 
lated centers  and  equally  obvious  that  it  is 
in  such  centers  that  the  architect  is  most 
in  demand.  No  one  knows  better  than  he 
that  no  building,  with  its  interior  trim  and 
furnishings  is  fire  proof:  at  best  it  is  slow 
burning  or  fire  resistant.  Valuable  records 
should  have  independent  protection  apart 
from  the  building  in  which  they  are  housed. 
The  exhaustive  research  of  manufacturers 
of  vaults,  files  and  safe-cabinets  has  result- 
ed in  the  manufacture  of  equipment  today 
which  will  withstand  long  exposure  to  high 
temperature  and  the  shock  of  an  appre- 
ciable fall  thereafter  without  damage  to 
their  contents. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      52     ^      JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTV-FOUR 


Tunnel 

by  Wallace  B.  B033S,  C^  E. 


% 


thorization  of  the  counties  of  Alameda  and 
Contra  Costa,  and  the  city  of  Oakland,  act- 

HE  Broadway  low-     j^g  jointly. 

level  tunnel  project  of  Joint  Highway  Dis-  poUo^ji^g  the  submission  of  the  report, 
trict  No.  13  is  planned  to  provide  a  modern  ^  _^^  highway  district,  consisting  of  Ala- 
highway  route  from  Oakland.  Berkeley  and  ^^^^  ^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^^^^  counties,  was 
other  East  Bay  cities  into  the  Contra  Costa  ^^^^^^  ^^  perform  the  preliminary  work, 
county  suburban  area  east  of  the  Berkeley  .j^^j^^j^^  ^  g^^^^y  for  a  relocation  of  the 
hills.    Ultimately  it  will  be  a  part  of  an  - 


Oakland-Stockton  highway,  which  will  re 
suit  in  a  saving  of  about  10  miles  in  dis- 
tance as  compared  with  the  present  route 
through    Dublin    Canyon.    Livermore    and 
Tracy. 

The  project  had  its 
inception  in  1926. 
when  public  demand. 

aroused  by  the  inade-  .J>^  . 

quacy  of  the  existing 
Tunnel  Road  and  Fish 
Ranch  Road  routes, 
resulted  in  the  prep- 
aration of  a  prelim- 
inary report  on  possi- 
ble tunnel  locations 
through  the  Berkeley 
hills,  between  Ala- 
meda county  and 
Contra  Costa  county. 
This  report  was  pre- 
pared   upon    the    au- 


^  ^^■^v. 


LIGHT  TRANSITION  STRUCTURES  AT  EACH 
PORTAL  WILL  AID  DRIVERS'  VISION 


highway   between    Oakland    and    Walnut 
Creek. 

State  Cooperated 

The  California  Highway  Commission,  at 
about  the  same  time, 
made  a  preliminary 
reconnaissance  of  the 
proposed  Oakland- 
Stockton  route,  and 
the  report  by  the 
State  highway  engi- 
neers emphasized  the 
importance  of  this 
road  in  providing  an 
adequate  and  direct 
easterly  outlet  from 
the  East  Bay  cities, 
and  in  opening  up 
the  suburban  areas  in 
Contra  Costa  Coun- 
ty to  further  develop- 
ment. 


^    53    ► 


The  tunnel  will  consist  of  two  parallel  bores,  each  having  a  22-[oot  roadway  and  3-toot  sidewalk.  The  bores  will  be  15 
leet  apart  at  the  portals  hut  separated  by  100  leet  through  the  main  portions  with  cross  connections  for  pedestrian  use  and 
ventilation  provided  by  huge  fans  installed  in  concrete  buildings  at  each  portal. 


Action  of  the  State  Legislature  resulted 
in  the  taking  into  the  State  highway  system 
of  the  existing  Tunnel  Road  in  Contra 
Costa  County.  An  agreement  for  financial 
aid  by  the  State  in  the  construction  of  a 
new  tunnel  and  highway  approaches  to  be 
built  by  Joint  Highway  District  No.  1 3,  con- 
sisting of  Alameda  and  Contra  Costa  coun- 


ties, came  as  a  result  of  cooperation  be- 
tween the  Director  of  Public  Works  of  the 
State  of  California,  the  California  High- 
way Commission  and  the  officers  of  Joint 
Highway  District  No.  13. 

TrafBc  studies  made  by  the  Division  of 
Highways  showed  a  weekly  traffic  over 
the  present   narrow  and   hazardous   route 


/34- 


NOT    TO   SC/iU 


The  main  part  of  the  project  is  2.82  miles  in  length,  consisting  of  a  highway  leading  from  the  intersection  of  Broadway  and 
Keith  Avenue  in  Oakland,  up  Temescal  Canyon  and  into  the  Berkeley  Hills,  in  a  double  bore  tunnel  3168  feet  long  emerg- 
ing north  of  the  Fish  Ranch  Road  in  Contra  Costa  County  the  highivay  extending  to  a  connection  with  the  present  Tunnel 
Road  about  1500  feet  north  of  the  Pish  Ranch  Road.  The  tunnel  will  provide  four  traffic  lanes,  each  bore  accommodating 
two  one-way  lanes  on  a  22.foot  roadway.  Eventually  this  project  will  be  a  part  of  the  Oakland-Stockton  highway  pro- 
viding direct  access  to  the  San  Francisco-Oakland  Bay  Bridge  for  that  section  east  of  the  Berkeley  Hills  extending  ,nto 
the  San  Joaquin  and  Sacramento  valleys. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER       -^      54     ►       JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


of  30,000  vehicles  in  1930.  and  indicated 
a  probable  traffic  of  77,000  vehicles  weekly 
in  1940.  The  completion  of  the  San  Fran- 
cisco-Oakland Bay  Bridge  in  1937  will 
probably  cause  this  estimate  for  1940  to 
be  considerably  exceeded  by  affording  a 
short  cut  from  the  Stockton  area. 

Standard  Four-Lane  Highway 

The  determination  of  standards  for  the 
new  route  was  made  after  cooperative 
studies  by  engineers  of  the  joint  highway 
district  and  the  engineering  staff  of  the 
State  Division  of  Highways.  Fundamental- 
ly, these  standards  provide  for  a  four-lane 
highway,  with  adequate  shoulder  areas,  a 
maximum  gradient  of  5.1  per  cent,  and  a 
minimum  radius  of  curvature  of  800  feet: 
the  elimination  of  grade  crossings  with  rail- 
roads and  other  main  highways  was  also 
determined  upon.  California  highway  de- 
sign standards  for  structures  were  made  a 
minimum  requirement. 

Location  surveys  were  made  by  the  dis- 
trict and  the  detailed  design  of  structures 
carried  on  during  1932.  All  rights  of  way 
were  acquired  by  the  district  during  that 
time.  Plans  and  specifications  for  the  proj- 
ect were  completed  in  March,  1933,  and 
received  the  approval  of  the  Director  of 
Public  Works. 

The  main  part  of  the  project  is  2.82  miles 
in  length,  consisting  of  a  highway  leading 
from  the  intersection  of  Broadway  and 
Keith  Avenue,  in  Oakland,  northeasterly 
up  Temescal  canyon  and  through  a  double 
bore  tunnel  3168  feet  in  length  on  the  cen- 
ter line,  emerging  north  of  the  Fish  Ranch 
Road  in  Contra  Costa  county,  the  highway 
extending  to  a  connection  with  the  present 
Tunnel  Road  about  1 500  feet  north  of  the 
Fish  Ranch  Road;  there  is  also  an  addi- 
tional unit  of  0.91  mile  of  highway  connect- 
ing the  new  road  with  the  Tunnel  Road 
leading  to  Berkeley,  and  with  Landvale 
Road  in  Oakland. 


Two  Important  Connections 
This  latter  unit  provides  an  East  Oak- 
land connection  and  also  a  new  through 
route  from  Berkeley  to  East  Oakland  and 
to  Southern  Alameda  county,  which  will 
eliminate  the  necessity  of  using  heavy  traf- 
fic streets  and  will  effect  a  saving  of  about 
a  mile  between  points  in  East  Oakland  and 
the  University  of  California  campus  and 
business  sections  of  Berkeley. 

This  East  Oakland  -  Berkeley  highway 
crosses  the  main  Tunnel  highway  on  an 
overhead  structure.  The  Fish  Ranch  Road 
is  also  carried  on  an  overhead  structure 
over  the  east  portal  of  the  tunnels  to  con- 
nect with  the  existing  Tunnel  Road. 

The  tunnel  will  consist  of  two  parallel 
bores,  each  having  a  22-foot  roadway  and 
a  3-foot  sidewalk.  The  tunnels  are  15  feet 
apart  at  the  portals,  but  are  separated  by 
100  feet  through  the  main  portions.  Three 
cross  -  connections  for  pedestrian  use  are 
provided  between  the  two  bores.  The  tun- 
nels will  be  concrete  lined  throughout,  and 
mechanically  ventilated  to  keep  carbon 
monoxide  pollution  within  safe  limits. 

The  fans,  which  are  installed  in  rein- 
forced concrete  buildings  at  each  portal, 
have  an  input  capacity  of  1 ,500.000  cubic 
feet  of  fresh  air  per  minute,  and  will  ex- 
haust a  similar  amount  of  air,  when  oper- 
ated at  maximum  speeds.  Carbon  monox- 
ide recorders  and  detectors  will  indicate 
the  degree  of  pollution  at  all  times  and 
serve  as  a  guide  to  the  operation  of  the  fans. 
Electric  illumination  and  traffic  control  de- 
vices are  provided. 

A  feature  of  the  construction  will  be  the 
light  transition  structures  at  each  portal. 
Experience  at  other  highway  tunnels  has 
shown  that  the  eye  does  not  adjust  itself 
to  the  difference  between  the  intensity  of 
sunlight  and  the  maximum  practical  arti- 
ficial illumination  in  a  tunnel  with  sufficient 
rapidity  to  insure  good  vision  when  vehicles 
are  traveling  at  high  speed. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENCNEER      -^      55     ►       JULY,  NINETEEN  THmTY-FOUR 


*iI^^It^' 


^■•ir  -«. 


''>k::.£.^gM^^^M 


1 — New  tunnel  road.  2 — West  portal  of  new  tunnel.    3 — East  portal.   4 — Old  tunnel  road. 
9 — Broadway ,  Oakland.    10 — Fortieth  Street,  Oakland. 


Broadway  Low  Level  Tunnel  Project  Bei 


There  has  therefore  been  provided  a 
transition  section  about  200  feet  in  length, 
which  consists  of  an  overhead  louvre  de- 
vice supported  upon  the  portal  approach 
walls.  These  overhead  louvres  prevent 
direct  rays  of  sunlight  from  falling  upon 
the  roadway  area  and  thus  provide  a  light- 
ing of  intermediate  intensity  as  compared 
with  the  direct  sunlight  outside  and  the 
artificial  illumination  inside  the  tunnel. 

Materials  Used  in  Construction 

The  project  involves  the  use  of  approxi- 
mately 120,000  barrels  of  cement,  2500 
tons  of  reinforcing  steel,  1000  tons  of  struc- 
tural steel  shapes,  the  construction  of  about 
700,000  square  feet  of  8-inch  oiled  maca- 
dam pavement,  and  the  handling  of  over 
1 ,000,000  cubic  yards  of  material  in  grad- 


ing and  excavation.  It  is  estimated  that  an 
average  of  approximately  900  men  will  be 
employed  on  the  project  over  a  period  of 
from  1 8  months  to  two  years. 

The  estimated  cost  of  construction  is 
$3,752,000.  A  Federal  PWA  grant  has 
been  obtained  by  the  joint  highway  district 
in  the  amount  of  $1,095,000.  The  balance 
of  funds  will  be  obtained  through  the  sale 
of  the  district's  bonds  and  the  contributions 
of  the  State  to  the  joint  highway  district. 

The  State  has  allocated  $300,000  from 
its  Joint  Highway  District  fund  and  a  fur- 
ther contribution  of  $400,000  over  a  period 
of  years  is  to  be  made  by  the  State  towards 
the  project  bringing  the  State  aid  to  a  total 
of  $700,000. 

The  completed  project  will  provide  a 
new,   modern   highway  route  into  Contra 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEEH 


^    56    ► 


JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


'r3(Rl«C5*"'«SM!t* 


^41*5** 


T''^'^**^'*^*^'^' 


■^1 


■"     -"V 


^"^ 


^ 


i     ' 


»♦*..   1^. 


"•i  ':ttto, , 


5— Line  o[  old  tunnel.    6— Line  of  nc.r  tun,u-l.    7     Cli/  <■/   Bcrkclc,/.    S—Lake   Temescal. 
!1 — San  Francisco-Oakland  Bay  Bridge.    12— Golden  Gate  Bridge. 


en  Alameda  and  Contra  Costa  Counties 


Costa  county  from  Oakland  and  the  East 
Bay  cities.  A  distance  saving  of  approxi- 
mately two  miles  will  be  effected  from  the 
point  where  the  new  road  diverges  from 
Broadway,  in  Oakland,  to  where  it  joins 
the  existing  Tunnel  Road  in  Contra  Costa 
county. 

Curvature  on  the  new  highway  will  be 
less  than  600  degrees  as  compared  with 
about  5000  degrees  on  the  present  Tunnel 
Road;  the  minimum  radius  of  curvature  is 
800  feet,  as  against  many  curves  with  about 
50-foot  radius  on  the  old  road.  Grades  are 
5.1  per  cent  maximum  on  the  main  highway 
approach  and  4  per  cent  through  the  tun- 
nels. 

The  present  tunnel  on  the  old  road  has 
only    17    feet  clearance  between   the   side 


walls  and  the  highway  approaches  are  on 
approximately  a  6  per  cent  grade,  and  have 
from  20  to  25  feet  of  paved  width  with 
practically  no  shoulder  areas.  The  new 
highway  will  have  40  feet  of  paved  surface 
and  minimum  shoulder  width  of  10  feet  on 
each  side. 

Avoids  Local  Fog 

The  Fish  Ranch  Road,  used  as  an  alter- 
nate route,  has  grades  up  to  16  per  cent,  is 
narrow,  crooked,  and  crosses  at  a  summit 
about  500  feet  higher  than  the  new  road; 
it  is  also  subject  to  a  great  deal  of  local 
fog  at  the  upper  elevations. 

The  new  route  will  connect  directly  with 
the  business  center  of  Oakland. 


Editor's  Note— This  article  and  accompanying  illustrations  are  published 
by  courtesj  of  the  California  State  Departinent  of  Highways  and  Public 
Works. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^     57     ►      JULY,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


ARCHITECTURE  A  BUSINESS 

By  Harvey  Wiley  Corbett.  F.A.I.A. 

in  The  American  Architect 

\  ^r.  \  HAVE  frequently  asked  myself  this  ques- 
Li[  tion  in  the  past  few  months:  Has  the  arch- 
^tural  profession  as  a  whole  become  truly  mod- 
ern7  And  what  do  we  mean  when  we  say  "mod- 
ern"' Is  that  merely  the  definition  of  some  new 
forms  of  ornament  and  architectural  dressing 
some  new  uses  of  old  materials,  or  fresh  uses  o 
new  materials?  Or  have  we  as  a  professional 
group  become  modern  in  the  sense  of  fitting  our- 
selves-measuring  up  to  the  requirements  of  mod- 
ern business,  modern  living,  modern  industrialism? 
Are  we  still  the  dilettante  "dress-makers  of  the 
Renaissance  serving  only  the  potentates  and 
wealthy  few?  Or  are  we  to  be  the  dominant  fac- 
tor in  the  development  of  the  modern  building 
world,  directing,  controlling  and  advising  in  a 
measure  all  forms  of  building  construction? 

We  shall  not  have  "modernism"  worthy  of  the 
name  unless  some  fundamental  changes  in  the  af- 
fairs of  life  have  occurred.  I  believe  the  last  fifty 
years  have  seen  social,  economic  and  structural 
changes,  greater  than  the  whole  history  of  pre- 
vious time  has  witnessed.  Socially  the  wealthy 
and  powerful  few  have  become  the  well-to-do 
many.  Economically,  every  type  and  form  of 
building  demand  treatment  by  architects  because 
of  their  more  comprehensive  sense  of  arrangement. 
Structurally,  new  materials  of  all  sorts  and  kinds, 
factory-made  and  machine-assembled,  have  come 
into  wide  use  in  the  building  world. 


Architecture  used  to  be  an  art,  a  one-man  job 
so  to  speak,  and  was  carried  on  for  a  limited  and 
select  group.  In  ancient  days  it  was  confined  to 
enshrining  the  deities.  In  Roman  times,  the  state 
as  well  as  the  deities  required  a  proper  architec- 
tural setting.  In  the  middle  ages,  rehgion  claimed 
the  major  abilities  of  the  architectural  designer. 
In  the  Renaissance,  princes  and  great  families 
needed  an  architectural  background.  But  today, 
business,  commerce,  industrialism  are  the  major 
forces  in  hfe  with  the  state  and  education  run- 
ning a  close  second,  and  all  of  these  are  based 
on  rational  economics. 

Architecture  is  no  longer  a  one-man  job.  The 
complications  of  a  modern  building  require  the 
brains  of  many  e.xpert  minds.  Architecture  has 
become  a  business  as  well  as  an  art,  and  the  arch- 
itect as  an  individual,  and  the  architectural  pro- 
fession as  a  group,  must  take  cognizance  of  this 
fact. 


58 


No  profession  covers  so  broad  a  field  nor  takes 
so  many  years  of  preparation,  study  and  appren- 
ticeship. To  render  satisfactory  service  these  days 
requires  a  very  sizable  organization  built  upon 
lines  of  expert  knowledge  and  business  efficiency. 
The  public  should  know  what  such  service  means, 
but  it  can't  know  and  never  will  know  until  the 
profession  as  a  group  organizes  effectively  and 
tells  it  so.  Until  that  time  comes,  the  intricate 
work  of  an  architect  will  remain  a  closed  book 
to  most  people. 

We  must  take  a  page  or  two  from  the  book  of 
experience  of  our  great  industrial  groups;  bring 
our  own  members  to  a  realization  of  their  re- 
sponsibilitv  and  then  co-ordinate,  synchronize  and 
establish  our  group  activities  so  that  the  nation 
as  a  whole  may  know  the  service  we  are  capable 
of  rendering. 

That  is  the  most  important  work  before  The 
American  Institute  of  Architects  today,  and  if  it 
can  be  done  we  will  no  longer  have  the  inter- 
mediate rows  of  unsightly  fire-trap  houses,  the 
poorly  planned  and  inefficient  industrial  plants, 
the  ill-conceived,  incommodious  and  disorderly 
city,  the  makeshift  school  and  government  build- 
ing, but  in  their  place  will  rise  garden  suburbs, 
pleasing  and  efficient  industrial  plants,  cities  of 
impressive  beauty  and  real  comfort,  and  state  and 
educational  groups  of  great  dignity. 


ARCHITECTS  FEE  AWARDED 
Claim  of  C.  S.  McNally.  architect,  for  balance 
due  for  services  in  preparing  plans  for  a  residence 
for  M.  Hudaklin.  was  awarded  by  Judge  Lazarus, 
in  the  Municipal  Court.  City  and  County  of  San 
Francisco,  June  25. 

First  payment  was  made  by  the  defendant  upon 
delivery  of  plans,  and  the  plans  were  signed  by 
the  defendant  in  acceptance,  yet  later  repudiated 
and  a  counter-claim  filed  by  the  defendant,  cov- 
ering the  amount  of  first  payment.  It  was  brought 
out  in  evidence  that  the  plans  recorded  by  Hudak- 
lin had  been  traced  from  the  plans  prepared  by 
Mr.  McNally  and  they  were  identical  with  the 
exception  of  minor  omissions;  that  the  claim  of 
McNally  was  based  on  a  charge  of  two-fifths  the 
normal  architectural  fee  and  therefore  not  exces- 
sive; that  McNally  had  rendered  ample  service  for 
the  amount  demanded  and  the  judgment  was  in 
full  for  the  small  claim  of  $50  balance,  the  defen- 
dant being  taken  to  task  by  the  court  for  endeav- 
oring to  use  professional  services  without  com- 
pensation. 

"It  is  time."  said  Judge  Lazarus,  vehemently, 
"that  the  professions  shall  receive  every  just  con- 
sideration in  connection  with  such  actions  as  this. 

The  Architect  and  Engineer.  ]aly.  1934 


Estimator's  Guide 

Giving  Cost  of  Building  Materials,  Wage  Scale,  Etc. 

Owing  to  the  various  crafts  accepting  the  NRA.^code  of  fair  competition,  in  some  cases 
they  have  adopted  a  schedule  of  prices,  and  it  therefore  would  be  advisable  to  get  in 
touch  with  these  firms  direct. 

Amounts  quoted  are  figuring  prices  and  are  made  up  from  average  quotations  furnished 
by  material  houses  to  three  leading  contracting  firms  of  San  Francisco. 

NOTE— Add  2%%  Sale  Tax  on  all  materials  but  not  labor. 


All  prices  and  wages  quoted  are  for 
San  Francisco  and  the  Bay  District. 
There  may  be  slight  fluctuation  of 
prices  in  the  interior  and  southern 
part  of  the  state.  Freight  cartage,  at 
least,  must  be  added  in  figuring  coun-  I 
try  work. 

Bond — 1'/^%  amount  of  contract. 

Brickwork^ 

Common,  |35  to  IW  per  1000  laid, 
(according  to  class  of  work). 

Face,  $75  to  $90  per  1000  laid,  ac- 
cording to  class  of  work). 

Brick  Steps,  using  pressed  brick, 
$1.10  lin.  ft. 

Brick  Walls,  using  pressed  brick  on 
edge,  60c  sq.  ft.  (Foundations  ex- 
tra.) 

Brick  Veneer  on  frame  buildings, 
$.75  sq.  ft. 

Common,  f.  o.  b.  cars,  $15.00  job 
cartage. 

Face,  f.o.b.  cars,  ^^S.OO  to  $50.00  per 
lOOO,  carload  lots. 

HOLLOW  TILE  FIREPROOFING   (f.o.b.  job) 

3-xl2xl2in $  84.00  per  M 

4x12x12  in 94.50  per  M 

6x12x12  in 126..00  per  M 

8x12x12  in 225.00  per  M 

HOLLOW  BUILDING  TILE    (f.o.b.   job) 
carload  lots). 

8xl2x5j-^    $  94.50 

6x12x5    y2 73.50 

Discount  5%, 

Composition  Floors  —  ISc  to  35c  per 

sq.  ft.  In  larg<e  quantities,  16c  per 

sq.  ft.  laid. 
.Hosaic  Floors — 80c  per  sq.  ft. 
Dnraflex  Floor— 23c  to  30c  sq.  ft. 
Rubber  Tile— 50c  per  sq.  ft. 
Teraxzo  Floors — 45c  to  60c  per  sq.  ft. 
Terazzo  Steps— $1.60  lln.  ft. 

Concrete  Work  (material  at  San  Fran- 
cisco bunkers)  —  Quotations  below 
2000  lbs.  to  the  ton.  $2.00  delivered. 

No.  3  rock,  at  bunkers $1.65  per  ton 

No.  4  rock,  at  bunkers 1.65  per  ton 

Elliott  top  gravel,  at  bnkrs.  1.75  per  ton 
Washed  gravel,  at  bunkrs  1.75  per  ton 
Eliott  top  gravel,  at  bnkrs.  1.75  per  ton 
City  gravel,  at  bunkers....  1.40  per  ton 

River  sand,  at  bunkers 1.50  per  ton 

Delivered    bank    sand 120  cu.  yd. 

Note — ^Above  prices  are  subject  to  dis- 
count of  10c  per  ton  on  invoices  paid 
on  or  before  the  115th  of  month,  fol- 
lowing delivery. 

SAND 

Del  Monte,  $1.75  to  $3.00  per  ton. 
Fan    Shell    Beach    (car    lots,    f.  o.  b. 

Lake  Majella),  $2.75  to   $4.00   per 

ton. 


Cement,  $2.25  per  bbl.  in  paper  sks. 
Cement   (f.o.b.)    Tob.  S.F.)  $2.90  per 

bbl. 
Cement      (f.o.b.     Job,     Oak.)     $2.90 
per  bbl. 
Rebate    of   10    cents    bbl.    cash    in    15 

days. 

Medusa  "White"  ?  8.50  per  bbl. 

Forms,  Labors  average  25.00  per  M 
Average   cost   of   concrete   in   place. 

exclusive  of  forms,  30c  per  cu.  ft. 
4-inch  concrete  basement 

floor 12%c  to  14c  per  sq.  ft. 

414  inch  Concrete  Basement 

floor  14%c  to  16c  per  sq.  ft. 

2-inch  rat-proofing.. ..ey2C  per  sq.  ft. 
Concrete  Steps  $1.25  per  lin.  ft. 

Dampproofing  and  IVaterprooflng — 

Two-coat  work,  ISc  per  yard. 
Membrane    waterproofing — 4    layers 

of  saturated  felt,  $4.00  per  square. 
Hot  coating  work,  $1.80  per  square. 
Meduca  Waterproofing,  15c   per  lb., 

San  Francisco  Warehouse. 

Electric    Wiring — 112.00     to    $15.00 
per   outlet   for   conduit   work    (in- 
cluding switches). 
Knob  and  tube  average   $7.00   per 
outlet,  including  switches. 


Eleyators— 

Prices  vary  according  to  capacity, 
speed  and  type.  Consult  elevator 
companies.  Average  cost  of  in- 
stalling an  automatic  elevator  in 
four-story  building,  $2800;  direct 
automatic,  about  $2700. 

Excavation — 

Sand,  50  cents;  clay  or  shale,  SOc 
per  yard. 

Teams,  $10. OO   per  day. 

Trucks,  $18  to  $25  per  day. 

Above  figures  are  an  average  with- 
out water.  Steam  shovel  work  in 
large  quantities,  less;  hard  ma- 
terial, such  as  rock,  will  run  con- 
siderably  more. 

Fire  Escapes — 

Ten-foot  balcony,  with  stairs, 
$75.00  per  balcony,  averagie. 

Glass  (consult  with  manufacturers!  — 
Double   strength   window  glass.    IJe 

per  square  foot. 
Quartz  Lite,  50c  per  square  foot. 

Plate  75c  per  square  foot. 
Art,  $1.00  up  per  square  foot. 
Wire    (for  skylights),   35c  per  sq. 

foot. 
Obscure  glass,  26c  square  foot. 
Xote — Add  extra  for  setting. 


Heating — 

Average,   ll.&O  per  sq.  ft.  of  radia- 
tion, according  to  conditions. 

Iron — Cost    of   ornamental    iron,    cast 
iron,  etc.,  depends  on  designs. 

Lumber  (prices  delivered  to  bldg.  site) 
Common.  $36.00  per  M. 
Common  O.P.  select,  |42.00  per  M 
(average.) 

1x4  No.  S — Form  Lumber  $25.00  per  M 

1x4    No.    1    flooring   VG   68.00  per  M 

1x4    No.    2    flooririK   VG   53.00  per  M 

1x4    No.    3    flooring   VG   46.00  per  M 

1x6   No.   2   floorins   VG   50.00  per  M 

1(4x4  and  fi  No.   2  flooring  58.00  per  M 

Slash  grain — 

1x4  No.    2   flooring   $43.00  per  M 

1x4    No.    3    flooring    38.00  per  M 

No.   1   common  l-un  T.  &  G 42.00  per  M 

Lath      .._ 5.60  per  M 

Shingles   (add  cartage  to  prices 
quoted)  — 

Redwood,  No.   1     $  1.00  per  bdle. 

Redwood,  No.   2     80  per  bdle. 

Red    Cedar    95  per  bdle. 

Hardwood  Flooring  (delivered  to 
building) — • 

13-16x314"   T  &  G    Maple $120.00  M  ft. 

1    1-16x214,"   T  &   G   Maple   132.00  M  ft. 

%x3i^   sq.  edge  Maple  — .  140.00  M  ft. 

13-16x214"     %x2"     6-16x2" 
T&G  T&G       Sq.Ed. 

Clr.  Qtd.  Oak  ....$200.00  M  $150.00  M  $180  M 
Sel.  Qtd.  Oak  ....  140.00  M  120.00  M  135  M 
Clr.  Pla.  Oak  ....  135.00  M  107.00  M  120  M 
Sel.    Pla.    Oak   ....   120.00  M        88.00  M      107  M 

Clear  Maple  140.00  M     100.00  M 

Laying  &  Finishing  13c  ft.  II  ft.  10  ft. 
Wage— Floor  layers.  $7.50  per  day. 

Building  Paper — 

1  ply  per  1000  ft.  roll  $3.50 

2  ply  per  1000  ft.  roll  5.00 

3   ply   per   1000   ft.    roll 6.25 

Brownskin.    500   ft.   roll 4.20 

Pro-tect-o-mat,    1000  ft.   roll   12.00 

Sisalkraft,    500   ft.    roll - 5.00 

Sash  cord  com.  No.  7  $1.20  per  100  ft. 

Sash   cord  com.  No.  8  1.50  per  100  ft. 

Sash  cord  spot  No.   7   1.90  per  100  ft. 

Sash   cord  spot  No.   8   2.25  per  100  ft. 

Sash    weights    cast    iron,    $50.00    ton 

Nails,    $3.50   base. 
Sash  weights.  $45  per  ton. 

Millwork — 

O.    P.    $100.00    per    1000.    R.    W., 

$106.00  per  1000   (delivered). 

Double    hung    box    window    frames, 

average,  with  trim,  $6.50  and  up, 

each. 

Doors,  including  trim   (single  panel. 

1%     in.    Oregon    pine)    $8.00    and 

up,  each. 
Doors,    including    trim    (five    panel. 

1%  in.  Oregon  pine)   $6.50  each. 
Screen  doors,  $4.00  each. 
Patent  screen  windows,  25c  a  sq.  ft. 
Cases  for  kitchen  pantries  seven  ft. 

high,  per  lineal  ft.,   $6.50  each. 
Dining  room  cases,   $7.00   per  lin- 
eal foot. 
Labor — Rough  carpentry,  warehouse 

heavy     framing     (average), 

$12.00   per  M. 
For  smaller  work  average,  $27.50 

to   $35.00   per   1000. 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  July.  1934 


Marble— (See  Dealers) 

raintiiig— 

Two-coat  work  29c  per  yard 

Three-coat  work  4'Oc  per  yard 

Cold  Water  Painting  10c  per  yard 

Whitewashing  4c  per  yard 

Turpentine,  80c  per  gal.,  in  cans  and 

75c  per  gal.  in  drums. 
Raw  Linseed   Oil^SOc  gal.   in   bbls. 
Boiled  Linseed  Oil-^SSc  gal.  in  bbls. 
Medusa  Portland  Cement  Paint,  20c 

per  lb. 
Carter  or  Dutch  Boy  White  Lead  in 

Oil   (in  steel  kegs). 

Per  Lb. 
1  ton  lots,  100  lbs.  net  weight  10%c 

500  lb.  and  less  than  1  ton  lots  lie 

^Less  than  .500  lb.  lots ll%c 

Dutcli  I$oy  Dry  Ked  Lead  and 

Litharge  (in  steel  kegs). 
1  ton  lots,  100  lb.  kegs,  net  wt.  10%c 
500  lb.  and  less  than  1  ton  lots  lie 

Less  than  500  lb.  lots ll%c 

Red  Lead  in  Oil  (in  steel  kegs) 

1  ton  lots,  100  lb.  kegs.net.  wt.  12%c 
500  lb.  and  less  than  1  ton  lots  12%c 

Less  than  500  lb.  lots 13c 

Note— Accessibility    and    conditions 

cause  wide  variance  of  costs. 

Patent  Cliiinneys— 

6-lnch $1.'0'0  lineal  foot 

8-inch 1.50  lineal  foot 

1'0-inch 1.75  lineal  foot 

12-inch 2:00  lineal  foot 

Plastering— Interior— 

1  coat. 

2  coats, 
lath 


2  coats,   hard  wall  plaster,   wood   lath. ....if  .sc 

3  coats,  metal  lath  and  plaster       1.25 

Keene   cement  on   metal    lath    1.30 

Ceilings  with  %  hot  roll  channels  metal 

lath     76 

Ceilings  with  %  box  roll  channels  metal 

lath   plastered   1-50 

Shingle  partition  %  channel  lath  1  side     .85 
Single  Dartition  %   channel  lath  2  aides 

2  inches  thick  2.75 

4-inch  double  partition  %  channel  lath 

2     sides    1-30 

4-inch  double  partition   %    channel   lath 

2  sides  plastered  3.00 

Plastering — Kxterior —  Yard 

2    coats    cement    finish,    brick    or    con- 
Crete    wall    ^l-l" 

2  coats    Atlas    cement,    brick    or    con- 
crete   wall    1-35 

3  coats    cement    finish    No.     18    gauge 
wire   mesh    l-^*' 

3    coats    Medusa    finish    No.    18    gauge 

wire    mesh    '-.00 

Wood    lath,    $5.50    per    1000. 

2.5-lb.   metal   lath    (dipped) li 

2.0-lb.    metal   lath    (galvanized) 20 

3.4-lb.   metal   lath    (dipped) -22 

3.4-lb.   metal   lath    (galvanized) 28 

s'.-inch  hot  roll  channels,  $72  per  ton. 
Finish    plaster,    $18.90   ton  ;    in    paper   sacks. 
Dealer's  commission.   $1.00   off   above 
quotations. 

$13.85    (rebate  10c  sack). 
Lime,   f.o.b.   warehouse,    $2.26bbl.  icars,  $2.15 
Lime,   bulk    (ton   2000   lbs.),   $16.00   ton. 
Wall  Board   5   ply,   $50.00   per  M. 
Hydrate   Lime.    $19.50   ton. 

Plasterers   Wage   Scale  $1-25  per  hour 

Lathers   Wage   Scale   - 1.25  per  hour 

Hod   Carriers  Wage  Scale  1.10  per  hour 

Composition  Stucco — $1.60    to   $2.00 
sq.    yard    (applied). 

IMiimbing — 

From  $65.00  per  fixture  up,  ac- 
cording to   grade,   quantity  and 

runs. 

Koofing— 

"Standard"  tar  and  gravel,  $6.00 
per  sq.  for   30   sqs.   or  over. 

Less  than  30  sqs.  $6.50  per  sq. 

Tile,  $20.00  to  $i3i5.0O  per  square. 


Itedwood  Shingles,  $11.00  per  square 
in  place. 

Cedar   Shingles,  $10   sq.  in  place. 

Recoat.   with   Gravel,    $3.imi    per    sq 

Slate,  from  $25.00'  to  $60.00  per  sq. 
laid,  according  to  color  and 
thickness. 

Sheet  -Metal- 
Windows— Metal,  $2.00  a  sq.  foot. 
Fire    doors    (average),    including 
hardware,  $2.00  per  sq.  ft. 

Sliylights— 

Copper,  90c  sq.  ft.  (not  glazed). 
Galvanized    iron,    25c    sq.    ft.     (not 
glazed).  

Steel— Stmctnral 

$100  ton  (erected),  this  quotation 
is  an  average  for  comparatively 
small    quantities.     Light    truss 
work    higher.     Plain    beams    and 
column   work   in   large   quantities 
$80   to   $W   per   ton   cost   of   steel; 
average    building,    $89.00. 
Steel  Eeinforcing- 
|$8i5.00  per  ton,  set,  (average). 

Stone — 

Granite,   average,   $6.50    cu.   foot  in 

place. 
Sandstone,      average      Blue,      $4.00, 

Boise,  $3.00  sq.  ft.  in  place. 
Indiana  Limestone,  $2.80  per  sq.  ft. 

in  place.      

Store  Fronts- 
Copper   sash   bars   for  store   fronts 
corner,   center   and   around   sides, 
will   average  7'5c   per   lineal   foot. 
Note — Consult  with  agents. 

Tile  —  Floor,  Wainscot,  Etc.  —  (See 

Dealers). 


t 


SAN    FRANCISCO    BUILDING    TRADES   WAGE   SCALE   FOR    1933 


Thi: 


based 


skill    and   craft 
Journeyman 
CRAFT  Mechanics 

Asbestor    Workers    $6.40 

Bricklayers     S-O" 

Bricklayers'  Hodcarriers   5.60 

Cabinet   Workers    (Outside)    7.20» 

Caisson  Workers   (Open)  Water  Work....     8.00 

Carpenters    7.20* 

Cement    Finishers    7.20 

Cork  Insulation   Workers   7.20 

Electrical    Workers   

Electrical  Fixture  Hangers  

ElcTator   Constructors    8.6» 

Elerator    Constructors'    Helpers   6.08 

Engineers,    Portable   and   Hoisting   8.00 

Glass  Workers  (All  Classifications)  6.80 

Hardwood   Floormen  7.20* 

Housemovers   6-40 

Houscimiths,    Architectural    Iron    (Out- 
side)    

Housesmiths,     Reinforced     Concrete,    or 

Rodmen     7.20 


eight-ho 


of 


upenor 


7.00 


7.20 


'Established  by  Special  Board 


Journeyman 
CRAFT  Mechanics 

Iron  Workers    (Bridge  and  Structural)..  9.60 

Iron  Workers   (Hoisting  Engineers)  10.00 

Laborers    (6-day   week)    5.00 

Lathers,    Channel   Iron    f-OO 

Lathers,    All    Other   6.80 

Marble   Setters   f-OJ 

Marble    Setters'   Helpers   5.00 

Millwrights    - ■;•••■.  J-^J 

Mosaic  and  Tcrrazzo  Workers  (Outside)  7.20 

Mosaic  and  Terrazzo  Helpers   5.00 

Painters    '•"" 

Painters,      Varnishers      and      Polishers 

(Outside)    7.00 

Pile    Drivers   and   Wharf   Builders   $  8.00 

Pile    Drivers    Engineers    9-00 

Plasters     and    Hodcarriers     (See     wage 
scale    under   Plastering). 

Plumbers    |-«J 

Roofers    (All   classifications)    6.40 

Sheet  Metal  Workers  7.20 

Sprinkler   Fitters   9-JjO 


CU^PX  Journeyman 

Mechanics 

Stair  Builders  7.20* 

Stone  Cutters,  Soft  and  Granite  6.80 

Stone   Setters,  Soft   and  Granite   8.00 

Stone   Derrickmen   7.20 

Tile  Setters   ?•*" 

Tile   Setters'    Helpers   5.00 

Tile,  Cork  and  Rubber  7.20 

Welders,     Structural     Steel     Frame     on 

Buildings    S-*" 

Welders,   All   Others  on    Buildings   8.00 

Auto  Truck  Drivers— Less  than  2,500  lbs.  5.50 
Auto      Truck      Drivers— 2,500      lbs.      to 

4,500   lbs S-O" 

Auto      Truck      Drivers— 4.500      lbs.      to 

6,500    lbs '-SO 

Auto  Truck  Drivers— 6,500  lbs.  and  over  7.00 

General  Teamsters,    1   Horse   5.50 

General  Teamsters,  2  Horses  6.00 

General   Teamsters.  4    Horses    6.50 

Plow  Teamsters.  4   Horses   6.50 

Scraper  Teamsters,    2   Horses    6.00 

Scraper  Teamsters,   4    Horses   6.00 


1.  Eight  hours  shall  constitute  a  day's  work 
for   all    crafts,    except   as    otherwise   noted. 

2.  Where  less  than  eight  hours  are  worked 
pro  rata  rates  for  such  shorter  period  shall 
be  paid. 

3.  Plasterers'  Hodcarriers.  Bricklayers'  Hod- 
carriers. Roofers'  Laborers  and  Engineers, 
Portable  and  Hoisting,  shall  start  16  min- 
utes before  other  workmen,  both  at  morn- 
ing and  at  noon. 

4.  Five  days,  consisting  of  not  more  than 
eight  hours  a  day.  on  Monday  to  Friday 
inclusive,    shall    constitute    a    week's   work. 

5.  The  wages  set  forth  herein  shall  be  con- 
sidered as  net  wages. 

6.  Except  as  noted  the  above  rates  of  pay  ap- 
ply only  to  work  performed  at  the  job 
site. 

7.  Transportation  costs  in  excess  of  twenty- 
five  cents  each  way  shall  be  paid  by  the 
contractor. 

8.  Traveling  time  in  excess  of  one  and  one- 
half  hours  each  way  shall  be  paid  for  at 
straight  time  rates. 

NOTE;    Provision  of  paragraph  13  appearing 
Wrights,   or   Stair   Builders. 

60 


Fitte 

GENERAL     WORKING     CONDITIONS 

nen  reporting  for  work  shall  work  at 
traight  time.  Any  work  performed  on 
uch  jobs  after  midnight  shall  be  paid 
ime    and    one-half    up    to    four    hours    of 


nght 


9.  Overtime  shall  be  paid  as  follows: 
the  first  four  hours  after  the  first 
hours,  time  and  one-half.  All  time  there- 
after shall  be  paid  double  time.  Satur- 
days (except  Laborers),  Sundays  and  Holi- 
days from  12  midnight  of  the  preceding 
day,  shall  be  paid  double  time.  Irrespec- 
tive of  starting  time,  overtime  for  Clement 
Finishers  shall  not  commence  until  after 
eight  hours  of  work. 

10.  On  Saturday  Laborers  shall  be  paid 
straight  time  for  an  eight>hour  day. 

11.  Where     two     shifts     are     worked     in     any 
twenty-four     hours,     shift     time     shall     be 
straight     time.      Where     three     shifts     are 
worked,    eight    hours'    pay    shall 
for    seven    hours   on   the 
shifts. 

12.  All  work,  except  as  noted  in  paragraph 
13.  shall  be  performed  between  the  hours 
of  8  A.  M.   and  5  P.   M. 

13.  In  emergencies,  or  where  premises  cannot 
be    vacated    until    the    close    of    buliness, 

brackets   (   )  does  not  apply   to   Carpenters,    Cabinet   W 


overtime  and  double  time  thereafter  (pro- 
vided, that  if  a  new  crew  is  employed  on 
Saturdays.  Sundays  or  Holidays  which  has 
not  worked  during  the  five  preceding  work- 
ing days,  such  crew  shall  be  paid  time 
and  one-kalf.  No  job  can  be  considered 
as  an  emergency  job  until  it  has  been 
registered  with  the  Industrial  Association 
and  a  determination  has  been  made  that 
the  job  falls  within  the  terms  of  this 
section).  ..,.„. 

14.  Recognized  holidays  to  be:  New  Years 
Day.  Decoration  Day,  Fourth  of  July, 
Labor  Day,  Admission  Day,  Thanksgiving 
Day,    Christmas   Day. 

15.  Men  ordered  to  report  for  work,  for 
whom  no  employment  is  provided  shall  be 
entitled   to   two    hours'   pay. 

16.  This  award  shall  be  effective  in  the  City 
and  County  of  San  Francisco. 

Outside),    Hardwood    Floormen,    Mill- 


Thc  Architect  and  Engineer.  July.  1934 


«    «   «   « 


With  the  Architects  »  »  »  » 


MODESTO  THEATER 
S.  Charles  Lee.  2404  West  Seventh  Street.  Los 
Angeles,  is  preparing  plans  for  a  reinforced  con- 
crete theater  to  be  built  on  the  north  east  corner 
of  13th  6  G  Streets,  Modesto,  for  the  Redwood 
Theaters,  Inc.  The  auditorium  will  seat  800  per- 
sons. The  financial  outlay  will  be  approximately 
$100,000. 

Architect  Lee  has  recently  been  honored  by  the 
Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects,  having  been 
invited  to  exhibit  plans  and  photographs  of  his 
recent  work  at  the  International  Exhibition  of 
Contemporary  Architecture  in  London.  Mr.  Lee's 
design  of  the  Fox-Florence  Theater  in  Los  An- 
geles is  to  be  made  a  permanent  exhibit  in  Lon- 
don. 


FRESNO  AUDITORIUM 
Public  Works  Administration,  has  appropriat- 
ed $120,000  for  the  new  municipal  auditorium  to 
be  erected  in  Fresno  and  $115,000  for  the  Fresno 
County  Hall  of  Records.  Bond  issues  of  $375,- 
000  and  $280,000,  for  the  auditorium  and  hall  of 
records  respectively,  were  voted  last  December 
19.  An  association  of  Fresno  architects,  including 
W.  D.  Coates,  Jr.,  C.  H.  Franklin.  H.  Rafael 
Lake.  E.  J.  Kump.  Fred  Swartz  and  E.  W.  Peter- 
son, will  prepare  plans  for  the  structures. 


SAN  FRANCISCO  WAREHOUSE 
Dodge  A.  Riedy,  architect.  Pacific  Building 
San  Francisco,  has  awarded  a  contract  to  Bar- 
rett &  Hilp  to  build  a  one-story  frame  and  con- 
crete warehouse  at  Bryant  &  Langton  Streets,  San 
Francisco,  for  Edward  J.  Neil. 

Mr.  Riedy,  associated  with  Charles  E.  J.  Rog- 
ers, has  completed  preliminary  sketches  for  a  rein- 
forced concrete  school  building  to  be  known  as 
the  Lawton  School  at  30th  Avenue,  between  Kirk- 
ham  and  Lawton  Streets.  San  Francisco  to  cost 
$160,000. 


HETCH  HETCHY  PROJECT 

September  is  expected  to  witness  the  completion 
of  the  Hetch  Hetchy  project  which  will  bring 
pure  water  from  the  snow  fields  of  the  Sierras 
into  San  Francisco  by  way  of  a  150  mile  aque- 
duct connecting  a  great  reservoir  in  Yosemite 
National  Park  with  the  Crystal  Springs  Reservoir 
in  San  Mateo  County.  Pictures  of  various  units 
of  the  project  will  be  published  in  the  September 
Architect  and  Engineer,  together  with  an  in- 
teresting article  by  M.  M.  O'Shaughnessy.  con- 
sulting engineer,  and  former  city  engineer  of  San 
Francisco. 


CIVIC  AUDITORIUM 
Public  Works  Administration  has  allocated 
$375,000  for  the  proposed  municipal  auditorium 
and  seawall  to  be  constructed  on  the  ocean  front 
in  Santa  Barbara.  Approximately  $93,750  of  this 
amount  would  be  an  outright  gift  to  the  city,  the 
balance  to  be  loaned  providing  the  voters  approv- 
ed a  bond  issue.  Preliminary  plans  for  the  struc- 
ture have  been  prepared  by  the  Associated  Arch- 
itects of  Santa  Barbara,  116  E.  Sola  Street. 


BROADWAY  TUNNEL 
The  Broadway  Tunnel  in  Oakland  is  in  course 
of  construction  and  a  subcontract  has  been  award- 
ed to  the  K.  E.  Parker  Company  of  San  Fran- 
cisco for  erection  of  the  two  entrance  approach 
towers  on  the  Oakland  and  Contra  Costa  sides. 
The  contract  amounts  to  about  $250,000. 


FEDERAL  LAND  BANK 
Lindgren  &  Swinerton.  Inc..  have  the  contract 
and  work  is  under  way  for  remodeling  the  Breu- 
ner  and  Corder  Buildings  at  15th  and  Clay 
Streets.  Oakland,  for  occupancy  by  the  Federal 
Land  Bank  of  Berkeley.  The  plans  were  prepared 
by  James  W.  Plachek,  architect  of  Berkeley. 


SORORITY  HOUSE  ADDITIONS 
John  K.  Branner,  Shreve  Building,  San  Fran- 
cisco, is  the  architect  of  alterations  planned  to  two 
sorority  houses  on  the  University  Campus,  Palo 
Alto.  In  both  cases,  the  improvements  will  cost 
about  $7500  each. 


HOTEL  MODERNIZATION 
Bids  have  been  taken  for  modernizing  the  Argo- 
naut Hotel,  owned  by  the  Society  of  California 
Pioneers  and  located  on  Fourth  Street,  near  Mar- 
ket, San  Francisco.  The  cost  of  the  work  is  esti- 
mated at  close  to  $100,000.  A.  R.  Denke  is  the 
architect.  Efforts  to  secure  a  bank  loan  are  in 
progress. 


ADDITION  TO  STORAGE  PLANT 
An  addition  is  being  built  to  the  storage  build- 
ing of  the  California  Canneries  at  18th  and  Min- 
nesota Streets.  San  Francisco.  Ellison  &  Russell, 
Pacific  Building,  San  Francisco,  are  the  structural 
engineers. 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  July.  1934 


ARCHITECTS  VIEW  LANDSCAPE  WORK 
Landscape  architecture  as  exemplified  in  the 
garden  of  R.  C.  Polk,  405  Borough  Road,  Tacoma, 
was  viewed  by  the  members  of  the  Tacoma  Soci- 
ety of  Architects  on  Monday  afternoon,  June  4, 
following  the  regular  weekly  luncheon  meeting. 

Under  the  chairmanship  of  George  Gove,  the 
society  is  preparing  an  August  program  for  cele- 
bration of  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the  building 
of  the  Tacoma  Hotel.  The  Tacoma  group  will 
be  host  to  the  Washington  State  Chapter,  A.I.A., 
at  that  event. 


SCHOOL  AUDITORIUM 
The  Federal  government  has  allocated  $300,000 
for  the  proposed  new  Bakersfield  high  school 
auditorium.  Approximately  $90,000  of  this  amount 
will  be  in  the  form  of  a  grant,  the  remainder  to 
be  a  loan  secured  by  a  bond  issue  which  will 
probably  be  submitted  to  the  voters  at  the  August 
primaries.  Preliminary  plans  for  a  building  to 
seat  3000  persons  have  been  prepared  by  Archi- 
tect Charles  H.  Biggar,  Haberfelde  Building. 
Bakersfield. 


ARCHITECT-INVENTOR 
C.  B.  Thompson,  architect.  Mutual  Life  Build- 
ing, Seattle,  is  finding  ready  sale  for  the  Thomp- 
son nozzle  water  elevator,  his  pump  invention 
used  by  placer  miners  for  drawing  gold-bearing 
sand  from  the  beds  of  streams.  Recent  sales  were 
made  to  operators  on  the  Sultan  River,  Snoho- 
mish County,  and  the  Similkameen  River,  Okan- 
ogan County,  both  in  Washington,  and  on  the 
Rogue  River  in  the  Siskiyou  country,  Oregon. 


SWEDISH  ARCHITECTURE 
Prof.  Harlan  Thomas.  Department  of  Archi- 
tecture. University  of  Washington,  gave  an  expo- 
sition of  Swedish  architecture  on  Thursday,  May 
31,  before  the  Active  Club  of  Seattle.  The  lec- 
ture included  a  description  of  the  notable  monu- 
mental buildings  in  Stockholm,  which  he  observ- 
ed on  his  visit  to  the  Scandinavian  countries  sev- 
eral years  ago. 


DR.  BAILEY  HONORED 
Dr.  Bailey  Willis,  internationally  known  ex- 
pert on  earthquakes  and  emeritus  professor  of 
geology  at  Stanford  University,  has  been  elected 
president  of  the  Pacific  division  of  the  American 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science.  He 
will  replace  Dr.  |oel  Hildebrand  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  California. 

The  next  meeting   of  the   Pacific   division  will 
be  held  in  Los  Angeles  in  June.  1935. 


STORE  BUILDING 
A  one-story  reinforced  concrete  store  building 
will  be  built  on  Bush  Street,  between  Mason  and 
Taylor  Streets,  San  Francisco,  from  plans  by 
Martin  Sheldon,  Monadnock  Building,  San  Fran- 
cisco. Mr.  Rice,  the  owner,  has  selected  G.  P.  W. 
Jensen  as  contractor. 


PERSONAL 

E.  C.  Rising,  architect,  recently  opened  a  down- 
town office  at  436  Burke  Building,  Seattle.  For 
the  past  several  years  he  has  handled  his  work 
from  his  home,  5033  17th  Avenue  Northeast. 

Ralph  C.  Flewelling  has  moved  his  office 
from  9441  Wilshire  Boulevard.  Beverly  Hills,  to 
Suite  614  Architects'  Building,  Fifth  and  Figue- 
roa  Streets,  Los  Angeles. 

WoRSWiCK,  Mellin  and  Culver,  429  Court 
Street,  San  Bernardino,  and  419  Valley  Boule- 
vard, El  Monte,  desire  manufacturers'  catalogues 
and  literature,  listing  materials  and  specialties  for 
commercial  buildings,  schools  and  residences. 

Thomas  B.  Mulvin,  1105  N.  Holliston  Ave., 
Pasadena,  has  been  granted  a  provisional  certifi- 
cate by  the  State  Board  of  Architectural  Examin- 
ers to  practice  architecture  in  California. 

Lewis  W.  Hunt  has  established  an  office  at 
101  South  Fuller  Avenue,  Los  Angeles.  He  will 
have  charge  of  repair  and  modernization  work  on 
properties  obtained  by  the  Metropolitan  Life  In- 
surance Company  at  foreclosure.  Mr.  Hunt  will 
be  pleased  to  receive  manufacturer's  catalogs  and 
building  material  literature. 


MODERN  STORE  DESIGNS 
An  architectural  exhibit  featuring  new  type  of 
design  for  stores  and  cafes,  by  Charles  F.  Plum- 
ber. Walter  C.  Wurdeman  and  Welton  D.  Bec- 
ket,  was  held  the  first  two  weeks  of  July  in  the 
Architects'  Building  Material  Exhibit,  Fifth  and 
Figueroa  Streets,  Los  Angeles.  Photographs, 
sketches  and  colored  renderings  of  hotels,  resi- 
dences, commercial  buildings,  stores,  tea  rooms 
and  cafeterias  were  included  in  the  display. 


BERKELEY  DWELLING 

Professor   C.   N.   Tompkins,   of   the   University 

of  California  will  build  a  $7000  dwelling  on  Alva- 

rado  Road,  Berkeley,  from  plans  by  John  Hudson 

Thomas,  architect,  31    Norwood  Street,  Berkeley. 


HOWARD  H.  WELLS 
Howard  Hawley  Wells  of  Los  Angeles  was 
fatally  injured  June  24  in  a  collision  on  the  high- 
way near  Balboa  Beach  with  the  trailer  of  a 
truck.  He  died  later  at  Santa  Ana  Valley  Hos- 
pital. Mr.  Wells  had  an  office  and  studio  at  624 
S.  La  Brea  Avenue.  Los  Angeles. 


62 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  July,  1934 


THEATER  CONTRACTS  AWARDED 
F.  Frederic  Amandes  has  recently  awarded  two 
theater  contracts,  one  for  the  construction  of  a 
new  steel  frame  and  reinforced  concrete  play- 
house at  Pittsburg,  Contra  Costa  County,  at  ap- 
proximate cost  of  $50,000,  and  the  other  for  ex- 
tensive alterations  to  the  Fox-Virginia  Theater, 
Vallejo.  The  cost  of  the  latter  improvements  will 
be  $15,000. 


SCHOOL  ALTERATIONS 
Bids  will  be  received  up  to  August  2d  by  the 
San  Mateo  High  School  District  for  alterations 
and  structural  changes  to  three  school  buildings. 
The  estimated  cost  of  the  work  is  $130,000. 
James  H.  Mitchell  is  the  architect  and  Harold 
Hammill.  structural  engineer. 


FILE  SUB-CONTRACTORS  NAMES 
The  Los  Angeles  board  of  education  has  adopt- 
ed the  same  practice  used  by  the  San  Francisco 
board  of  public  works,  that  of  requiring  contrac- 
tors bidding  on  city  school  projects  to  submit  with 
their  bids  the  names  and  bids  of  all  subcontrac- 
tors. This  ruling  applies  to  all  work  done  for  the 
board  under  contract  by  outside  contractors,  with 
the  understanding  that  acceptance  of  general 
contractors'  bids  by  the  board  shall  be  deemed  to 
constitute  the  acceptance  by  the  general  contrac- 
tor of  the  subcontract  bids  submitted.  This  re- 
quirement, first  put  into  effect  by  the  Public 
Works  Administration  to  apply  on  projects 
financed  in  whole  or  in  part  by  the  government, 
was  waived  by  that  body  on  May  28,  1934. 


BERKELEY  SCHOOL  WORK 
The  Berkeley  Board  of  Education  has  applied 
for  a  $1,000,000  grant  from  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment to  be  used  in  connection  with  a  pretentious 
school  building  program.  If  the  grant  is  obtained 
a  bond  issue  will  be  held,  probably  for  another 
$2,000,000. 


SUBURBAN  SCHOOL  WORK 
William  H.  and  Harold  Weeks  have  completed 
plans  for  a  one-story  frame  shower  room  addition 
to  the  Taft  High  School;  also  a  one-room  frame 
addition  to  the  Morgan  Hill  Elementary  school 
and  a  two-classroom  addition  to  the  Mariposa 
High  School. 


LOS  ANGELES  SCHOOL  REMODELING 
Extensive  remodeling  and  structural  changes 
will  be  made  to  the  Figueroa  Street  school  at 
111th  and  Figueroa  Streets,  Los  Angeles,  from 
plans  by  Parker  O.  Wright,  architect,  and  David 
H.  Merrill,  structural  engineer,  Los  Angeles.  The 
improvements  will  cost  $65,000. 


SAN  RAFAEL  RESIDENCE 
Albert  J.  Evers,  architect.  525  Market  Street, 
San  Francisco,  has  completed  plans  for  a  $20,000 
residence  to  be  built  in  San  Rafael  for  J.  D. 
Adams.  The  house  will  have  twelve  rooms,  four 
baths  and  a  double  garage. 


BERKELEY  RESIDENCE 
A  contract  has  been  awarded  for  a  two-story, 
twelve-room  residence  to  be  built  on  Parnassus 
Avenue,  Berkeley,  for  Mrs.  A.  W.  Roth,  from 
plans  by  Howard  Burnett,  architect,  931  Hill- 
croft  Circle,  Berkeley. 

The  Architect  and  Engineer.  July.  1934 


MR.  STODDARD'S  WORK  EXHIBITED 
Two  creations  of  George  Wellington  Stoddard, 
supervising  architect  for  the  Puget  Mill  Company, 
Seattle,  were  the  subjects  of  public  inspection 
during  the  past  month.  "The  House  of  Adapta- 
bility" at  Sheridan  Beach,  north  end  of  Lake 
Washington,  is  a  modern  adaptation  of  the  Early 
American  style  to  qualify  as  a  suburban  home. 
"The  Part-Time  Farm  Home"  at  Lake  Serene 
on  the  Seattle-Everett  Highway,  is  treated  in  the 
Cape  Cod  style  and  is  dedicated  to  the  First  Lady 
of  the  Land,  Mrs.  Ann  Eleanor  Roosevelt  in  rec- 
ognition of  her  interest  in  the  subsistence  home- 
.stead  movement.  Both  houses  are  units  in  the 
Evergreen   Empire  development. 


APARTMENT  BUILDING  ALTERATIONS 
Revised  plans  have  been  prepared  by  R.  H. 
Bickel,  9  Geary  Street,  San  Francisco,  for  altera- 
tions to  a  three-story  frame  and  stucco  apartment 
building  at  Folsom  and  12th  Streets,  San  Fran- 
cisco, 


SAN  JOSE  AUDITORIUM 
New  bids  are  to  be  taken  for  San  Jose's  Civic 
Auditorium,  bids  previously  received  running 
high.  Binder  &  Curtis,  architects,  have  revised  the 
plans  and  some  of  the  more  expensive  mechanical 
equipment  has  been  eliminated. 


BOLINAS  RESIDENCE 
A  one-story  frame  rustic  dwelling  will  be  built 
in  Bolinas,  Marin  County,  for  W.  H.  Boyce.  The 
architects    are    Dragon    &    Schmidts.    3016    Tele- 
graph Avenue.  Berkeley. 


BOX  DESIGN  WINNER 
The  winner  of  the  prize  for  the  second  design 
chosen   in   the   Koh-I-Noor   Pencil   Company  box 
design   contest  was  Louis  Edwards  of  4047  Ida 
Street,  Detroit,  Mich, 


63 


CHAPTER  HEARS  DELEGATES  REPORTS 
Reports  of  delegates  to  the  66th  annual  con- 
vention of  the  American  Institute  of  Architects 
provided  an  interesting  hour  for  members  of  the 
Southern  California  Chapter  at  the  June  12th 
meeting. 

Sumner  M.  Spaulding,  president  of  the  Chap- 
ter, made  a  complete  report  covering  the  four-day 
program  in  Washington,  D.  C,  where  the  con- 
vention was  held. 

A.  M.  Edelman,  who  attended  the  convention 
as  a  Chapter  delegate  and  as  a  representative  of 
the  National  Council  of  Registration  Boards,  gave 
a  resume  of  the  meetings  held  by  the  Council, 
which  he  termed  the  clearing  house  for  the  sev- 
eral state  boards  of  architectural  examiners,  Mr. 
Edelman  stated  the  principal  business  that  came 
before  the  Council  was  the  question  of  architects 
making  application  to  practice  in  a  state  other 
than  the  one  in  which  they  are  licensed. 

A  plan  to  simplify  this  procedure  was  adopted, 
whereby  a  student,  after  graduating  from  school 
and  before  taking  his  examination  to  practice, 
must  have  prerequisites  which  will  include  his 
having  served  a  voluntary  mentorship  for  a  per- 
iod of  three  years  in  order  that  he  may  have  gain- 
ed diversified  experience.  He  then  goes  before 
the  national  board  and,  providing  he  passes  the 
examination,  is  given  a  certificate  entitling  him 
to  practice  in  any  state  in  the  country. 

Myron  Hunt,  a  member  of  the  Institute's  com- 
mittee on  public  works,  reported  on  the  activities 
of  that  committee  in  which  he  gave  entire  credit 
for  their  accomplishments  to  Louis  Le  Baume, 
chairman, 

Edwin  Bergstrom,  treasurer  of  the  Institute,  re- 
porting on  the  financial  condition  of  the  organiza- 
tion, revealed  that,  for  the  first  time  in  several 
years,  an  operating  gain  was  recorded  for  the 
past  year;  this  in  the  face  of  lowered  income. 

All  Institute  officers  were  re-elected  for  the 
coming  year  and  include  Ernest  John  Russell,  St, 
Louis,  president;  Charles  D,  Maginnis,  Boston, 
first  vice-president;  Horace  W.  Peaslee,  Wash- 
ington, D,  C,  second  vice-president;  Frank  C. 
Baldwin,  Washington,  D.  C,  secretary,  and  Ed- 
win Bergstrom,  Los  Angeles,  treasurer, 

Ralph  C,  Flewelling,  reporting  on  activities  of 
the  Chapter's  competition  committee,  stated  that 
the  Laguna  Beach  School  District  had  invited  the 
Chapter  to  conduct  a  competition  for  the  selection 


of  an  architect  to  design  the  new  Laguna  Beach 
school. 

S.  B.  Marston,  member  of  the  public  works 
committee,  reported  that  his  committee  had  been 
informed  by  the  executive  committee  of  Construc- 
tion Industries  Council,  Los  Angeles  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  that  they  had  recommended  to  the 
board  of  directors  of  the  Chamber  that  the  Chap- 
ter's public  works  program  be  approved. 

Carroll  Page  Fisk,  lecturer,  was  the  speaker  of 
the  evening,  using  as  his  subject,  "The  Value  of 
Human  Contacts.  " 


ARCHITECTS  FOR  FEDERAL  WORK 

The  selection  of  architects  for  building  projects 
financed  in  whole  or  in  part  by  the  Federal  gov- 
ernment be  determin^  by  merit  and  aside  from 
any  political  consideration,-  was  discussed  by 
Southern  California  architects  at  a  meeting  held 
in  the  Rosslyn  Hotel,  Los  Angeles,  June  19.  The 
plan  was  drawn  up  in  the  form  of  a  petition,  which 
will  be  forwarded  to  government  authorities  when 
the  signatures  of  all  those  members  of  the  profes- 
sion approving  the  action  have  been  attached. 

The  petition  suggests  the  adoption  of  a  form 
of  architectural  competition  as  approved  last 
March  by  the  Southern  California  Chapter,  Amer- 
ican Institute  of  Architects.  This  method  of  selec- 
tion, according  to  its  authors,  would  not  only  re- 
sult in  the  appointment  of  the  architect  solely  on 
merit,  but  would  mean  a  more  equitable  distribu- 
tion of  commissions  and  undoubtedly  a  better  type 
of  structures. 

That  opinions  differ  on  the  advisability  of  en- 
dorsing the  program  as  outlined  was  indicated 
when  a  number  of  architects  suggested  modifica- 
tions and  additions,  while  some  direct  opposition 
was  voiced.  One  and  one-half  hours  were  devoted 
to  a  general  discussion  of  the  plan,  after  which 
the  assembly  adjourned  without  having  voted  on 
the  question. 

The  meeting  was  called  by  the  executive  com- 
mittee of  the  Southern  California  Chapter,  the 
American  Institute  of  Architects,  with  Sumner 
Spaulding,  president  of  the  Chapter,  presiding. 
Reginald  D.  Johnson,  chairman  of  the  Chapter's 
special  committee  on  competitions,  and  Henry 
Carlton  Newton,  Ralph  C.  Flewelling  and  H. 
Roy  Kelley,  members  of  the  committee,  explained 
the  competition  program  submitted. 


64 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  July.  1934 


OREGON  CHAPTER.  A.I.A. 
The  June  meeting  of  Oregon  Chapter.  A.  I.  A., 
was  held  at  Calder's   Restaurant  with   President 
Parker  in  the  chair. 

Members  and  associates  present  were  Messrs. 
Parker.  Legge,  Knighton,  MacPike,  Brookman. 
Tucker,  Church.  Doty,  Jacobberger.  Schneider, 
Roehr.  Forrest.  Aandahl,  Wright.  Linde,  Jones, 
Wick.  Bean,  Herzog,  Johnston,  Sundeleaf.  Crow- 
ell.  Stanton  and  Howell.  The  visitors  were 
Messrs.  Geo.  Wallman  and  Robt.  Turner. 

The  minutes  of  meetings  held  April  17th  and 
May  15th  were  read  and  approved. 

President  Parker  presented  the  following  reso- 
lution: 

"Whereas,  the  members  of  the  special  com- 
mittee on  the  Renovized  House  have  performed 
their  duties  in  a  highly  satisfactory  manner, 
through  hard  and  unremitting  labors,  without 
thought  of  selfish  gain,  and  by  these  efforts  have 
brought  much  credit  to  the  Chapter,  therefore  be  it 
"Resolved,  that  the  Chapter  does  hereby  record 
its  appreciation  of  the  work  of  Herman  Brook- 
man,  Kenneth  C.  Legge,  Harold  D.  Marsh,  Frank 
Roehr,  Harold  W.  Doty,  Harrison  A.  Whitney 
and  William  H.  Crowell,  a?fd  acknowledges  espe- 
cial gratitude  to  Herman  Brookman,  chairman  of 
the  Renovized  House  committee,  and  Kenneth  C. 
Legge,  who  served  with  distinction  as  architect 
for  the  work." 

Mr.  Linde  moved  that  the  resolution  be  adopted 
and  recorded  in  the  minutes.  The  motion  was 
seconded  and  carried. 

Mr.  Aandahl  moved  that  the  July  meeting  be 
a  picnic.  Seconded  and  carried.  The  president 
announced  that  the  entertainment  committee  will 
be  instructed  to  arrange  for  the  affair. 

The  committee  on  public  information.  Frank 
Roehr,  chairman,  made  a  written  report.  On 
motion  of  Mr.  Church,  the  report  was  accepted. 
Mr.  Jacobberger,  president  of  the  Registered 
Architects  of  Oregon,  made  a  report  on  proposed 
legislation  looking  to  the  strengthening  of  the 
architects'  registration  law. 

The  meeting  recessed  for  dinner  at  7:00  P.M., 
at  which  the  speakers  of  the  evening  were  guests. 
After  dinner,  Ben  H.  Hazen  of  the  Benj. 
Franklin  Savings  and  Loan  Association  made  a 
talk  explaining  the  new  policy  of  his  company  that 
will  include  6%  money  and  no  loans  made  on 
house  construction  except  those  designed  by  an 
architect  for  the  particular  site.  Mr.  Hazen  was 
assured  that  the  Chapter  would  do  everything  to 
insure  the  success  of  the  policy. 

Mr.  Stanton  showed  sketches  and  explained 
plans  in  connection  with  the  preservation  of  the 
McLoughlin  house  of  Oregon  City  for  the  D.A.R. 
It  was  moved  by   Mr.   Doty,   seconded   and  car- 


ried, that  the  Chapter  voice  its  support  and  ex- 
press confidence  in  the  solution  of  the  problem. 

President  Parker  then  introduced  Major  Bessy, 
planning  consultant  to  the  Pacific  N.  W.  Regional 
Planning  Commission,  who  made  a  very  instruc- 
tive talk  on  the  Planning  Program  which  should 
prove  to  be  of  much  interest  to  architects. — L.D.H. 


ENGINEERS  VISIT  BRIDGE 

Through  the  courtesy  of  General  Manager 
James  Reed  of  the  Golden  Gate  Bridge  and  High- 
way District,  members  of  the  San  Francisco  Sec- 
tion. American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers  and 
of  the  Student  Chapters  were  given  an  opportun- 
ity to  inspect  the  Golden  Gate  Bridge  on  Satur- 
day, June  23. 

About  one  hundred  engineers  and  fifteen  stu- 
dent members  assembled  at  Peterson's  Water 
Taxi  dock,  near  Fort  Scott,  at  one  o'clock  where 
they  were  met  by  Clay  Bernard  who  conducted 
the  registration  ceremonies.  Then,  in  groups  of 
twenty-five  or  so,  the  engineers  "shoved  off"  for 
the  bridge.  The  "Zeitgeist"  led  the  flotilla  and 
although  a  few  white-caps  vaulted  over  the  gun- 
wale, with  the  assistance  of  the  "Sea  Wolf"  act- 
ing as  convoy  part  of  the  way,  a  safe  landing 
was  made  at  the  materials  dock,  south  of  the  army 
dock  at  Fort  Baker.  On  the  way  a  good  view 
of  the  south  fender  construction  was  had,  the  con- 
crete being  within  forty  feet  of  the  water  level. 

The  general  route  of  inspection  was  pioneered 
by  Mr.  Baumberger  who  described  in  detail  the 
north  works.  First  we  encountered  the  batching 
plant  and  sample  storage  shed,  and  then  worked 
our  way  up  the  north  and  west  faces  of  the  anchor 
blocks  to  the  south  face,  where  an  interesting  dis- 
cussion of  the  cable  anchorage  was  given. 

After  inspecting  the  anchorage  blocks,  we  pro- 
ceeded to  the  pylon,  from  which  the  cables  will 
play  out  in  pre-arranged  order  to  the  interme- 
diate and  end  eye-bar  anchors  set  in  the  anchor 
blocks.  After  observing  the  massive  anchor  blocks, 
the  pylon  seemed  rather  small,  but  in  relation  to 
average  building  construction  it  still  is  plenty 
large.  At  this  point  several  camera  enthusiasts 
were  seen  to  go  into  action,  and  they  had  a  fine 
day  for  their  endeavors. 

Our  next  stop  was  at  the  foot  of  the  tower, 
which  is  about  90%  complete.  Stiff  necks  were 
reported  by  many  of  the  sightseers  due  to  trying 
to  look  straight  up  to  the  saddle  supports,  a 
height  of  746  feet  above  mean  sea  level.  We 
were  informed  that  the  saddles  will  measure  12 
feet  more,  to  the  center  line  of  the  cables,  which 
are  32>^"  in  diameter,  but  that  the  saddles  will 
not  be  set  for  about  90  days.  We  observed  that 
the   north   center-section  of  the   cover   plates   for 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  July.  1934 


65 


MONEL  METAL 

[Hiffh  Nickel  Alloy'] 

is  the  accepted  material  for  soda  foun- 
tains and  lunch-room  equipment,  just  as 
it  is  the  universal  metal  for  food  service 
equipment  in  leading  hotels  and  restau- 
rants throughout  the  country. 


CORROSIRON 

[Add  Resisting  Iron] 

is  the  accepted  material  for  draining 
waste  lines.  CORROSIRON  meets  all 
State  and  Municipal  specifications  for 
drain  lines  from  school  laboratories  and 
chemistry  rooms. 


Pacific  Foundry  Company  Ltd. 
Pacific  Metals  Company  Ltd. 


470  East  Third  St. 
LOS  ANGELES 


8100  Nineteenth  St. 
SAN  FRANCISCO 


551  Fifth  Ave. 
NEW  YORK 


The    only    Building    Paper    with    a    Factor    of    Safety 


B 


ROWNSKI 

Resilient  Waterproof 
Building     Paper 


N 


BROWNSKIN  TESTS 

Slreiiiilh : 

It  will  withstand  a  pull  of  Ul  pounds  a  linear  inch. 

Resiliency : 

It  will  stretch  15%  before  rupture. 

After    stretching,    it    resumes    nearly     its     former 

length. 

Protection: 

It  absolutely  prevented  the  passage  of  any  mois- 
ture when  used  as  a  container  for  water  during 
more  than  a  month. 

Diiruhilily: 

A  sample  of  Browuskin  which  had  been  exposed 
to  the  weather  for  a  year  showed,  under  analysis, 
no   deterioration   at   all. 

ASK  YOUR  ARCHITECT 

Manufactured  and  Distributed  by 

ANGIER      CORPORATION 

Franiingham,  Mass. 


San  Francisco 

269  Potrero  Avenue 

HEmlock  4100 


Los  Angeles 

539  So.  Clarence  St. 

ANgelus  11486 


the  third  cross-truss  was  in  position  to  be  raised 
into  place,  and  measured  about  12'x34',  although 
its  twin  on  the  south  side  of  the  tower  appeared 
to  be  much  smaller.  The  party  was  agreed  that 
this  "job"  is  a  permanent  testimony  to  the  world 
of  what  mind  can  do  with  matter.  The  amazing 
number  of  rivets  in  the  cover  plates,  and  the  spid- 
ery elevator  cables  were  the  subject  of  much  com- 
ment, as  was  the  question  of  maintenance. 

The  first  return  trip  was  commenced  about  four 
o'clock  and  was  without  incident. — A.  L.  Brinck- 


HOSPITAL  HAS  GAS  FIRED  EQUIPMENT 
By  James  R.  Ferguson 

The  group  of  eighteen  buildings  comprising  the 
new  Veterans'  Administration  Facility  in  San 
Francisco  will  be  opened,  according  to  present 
plans,  about  August  1.  Largest  of  the  group  is 
the  main  hospital,  one  of  the  best  planned  and 
equipped  units  of  its  kind  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

In  keeping  with  the  policy  of  installing  the 
most  modern  operating  equipment,  heating  equip- 
ment is  gas-fired  and  of  the  very  latest  design. 
Fifteen  of  the  buildings  are  heated  from  a  central 
heating  plant  located  in  the  main  hospital  unit. 

Consisting  of  three  250  H.  P.  B.  &  W.  Stirling 
type  boilers,  the  steam  plant  is  provided  with 
King  gas  burners,  and  oil  burners  for  auxiliary 
firing.  The  entire  gas-fired  heating  plant  is  ideally 
designed  for  the  highest  efficiency  in  operation. 

Fuel  intake  and  damper  and  draft  operation  are 
all  automatically  controlled  by  diaphragm  valves 
actuated  by  the  boiler  steam  pressure.  Each  boiler 
is  individually  equipped  with  a  CO2  recorder  and 
draft  and  steam  flow  gauges.  In  operation,  the 
primary  air  for  combustion  is  taken  in  at  the  rear 
of  the  boiler  and  preheated  through  the  floor. 

Adjacent  to  the  boiler  room  and  within  the 
same  building  has  been  installed  the  complete  gas 
meter  setting,  resulting  in  an  exceptionally  com- 
pact and  convenient  operating  arrangement. 

Gas-firing  for  the  heating  equipment  was  select- 
ed because  of  its  low  cost  and  high  efficiency. 
Cooking  and  water  heating  equipment  throughout 
is  also  gas-fired. 


66 


ARCHITECTS'  FEES 

The  Alameda  County  board  of  supervisors  have 
fixed  the  following  schedule  for  architects'  fees, 
in  connection  with  the  design  of  the  new  county 
court  house: 

If  let  in  one  general  contract,  6  per  cent  of 
total  expenditures. 

If  let  on  basis  of  less  than  25  per  cent  segre- 
gated contracts,  6  per  cent. 

If  segregation  exceeds  25  per  cent  of  total,  8 
per  cent. 

The  Architect  and  Engineer.  July,  1934 


ARCHITECT  CAN  DO  SMALL 

HOUSES  AT  A 

PROFIT 

By 

Alexander  T.  Saxe. 

in  Pencil  Points 

T^^ONTRARY  to  the  general  opinion  existing 
li^-  among  architects,  it  is  possible  for  a  practi- 
tioner to  specialize  in  small  residential  work  and 
to  make  a  financial  success  of  it.  Based  on  my 
own  experiences  of  the  past  three  years,  during 
which  time  I  have  concentrated  on  the  small  house, 
I  am  firmly  convinced  that  an  enormous  field  is 
available  for  the  architect  who  is  properly  quali- 
fied to  handle  this  work. 

But  simply  going  after  residential  jobs  does  not 
bring  about  success.  In  order  to  make  a  "go"  in 
this  field  the  architect  must  know  his  product  and 
his  performance  must  be  such  as  to  warrant  very 
favorable  comment.  He  must  not  only  have  a 
knowledge  of  good  design  but  he  must  also  have 
a  very  intimate  and  thorough  education  on  build- 
ing cost,  grades  and  qualities  of  materials  and 
equipment,  and  a  "feeling"  for  the  fitness  of  all 
details  of  residential  work. 

Adaptability  and  selectivity  are  the  keynotes 
in  the  building  industry  today  for  the  architect 
having  the  ambition  to  push  ahead.  Now,  more 
than  ever,  can  the  architect  step  into  the  key 
position  in  a  building  operation  because  of  the 
knowledge  and  advanced  training  that  he  has  at 
his  command,  assuming  of  course  that  he  makes 
full  use  of  it. 

To  cite  my  own  experience,  I  have  "created" 
work  in  the  residential  field  by  pointing  out  to 
my  clients  that  the  architect  is  in  a  better  posi- 
tion to  represent  him  in  a  professional  and  advis- 
ory capacity  than  any  of  the  others  claiming  this 
distinction  heretofore.  I  have  indicated  to  him  the 
savings  possible  in  building  today  and  have  steer- 
ed him  right  from  the  beginning  through  to  the 
time  that  he  takes  possession  of  his  completed 
house.  In  short,  I  have  created  a  desire  in  his 
mind  to  build  simply  by  establishing  complete 
confidence  in  the  safety  of  his  undertaking. 

In  order  to  do  this  without  undue  hindrance  I 
have  been  compelled  to  eliminate  the  general  con- 
tractor altogether  and  to  act  in  the  dual  capacity 
of  purchasing  agent  for  the  owner  as  well  as  de- 
signing and  superintending  architect.  The  rules 
laid  down  by  the  code  of  ethics  applied  to  archi- 
tects give  them  plenty  of  opportunity  to  expand 
their  duties  in  connection  with  residential  work. 
In  my  case,  instead  of  assembling  the  general 
contract  bids  for  the  owner's  inspection  after  plans 
and  specifications  are  complete,  I  create  a  similar 
competition  in  each  individual  sub-contract  trade. 
Then  the  assembled  estimates  are  all  gone  over 
with    the   owner,    and   the   successful    bidders    for 


LIBRARY  WISHES 
BACK     NUMBERS 


The  Chief  Librarian  of  the 
New  York  Public  Library 
will  be  grateful  for  back 
copies  of  The  Architect 
AND  Engineer,  dated  Au- 
gust, 1933  and  December, 
1933. 

These  numbers  are  needed 
to  complete  the  library  files. 
Mail  copies  direct  to  Robert 
Lingel,  New  York  Public  Li- 
brary, 5th  Avenue  and  42nd 
Street,  New  York. 


BUILD 
W  E  LL— ^ 

A  PROPERLY  designed  and  well  built 

building  is  a  credit  to  any  city  and 

a  worth  while  investment  for  its  owner. 

Such  structures  are  the  Stand- 
ard Oil  Building,  Matson 
Building,  Four-Fifty  Sut- 
ter Street,  Stock  Exchange, 
S.  F.  Base  Ball  Park,  Mills 
Tower,  San  Francisco;  Oper.a. 
House  and  Veterans'  Memo- 
rial Buildings  and  the  new 
Los  Angeles  Packing  Plants. 
built  or  supervised  by  — 

Lindqren  &  Sluinerton,  Inc. 

Standard  Oil  Building 
San  Francisco 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  July.  1934 


6T 


TAKE 

YOUR 

CLIENTS 

OUT  OF 

THE 
CELLAR! 


A  home  owner,  iitting  on  the  bottom 
step,  coaxing  along  an  obdurate  furnace, 
often  has  sinister  thoughts  about  his  heating 
plant. 

If  his  heating  plant  works  well,  it  is  no 
more  than  he  expected.  If  he  has  to  fight  his 
furnace  he  blames  everyone. 

Specify  a  Johnson  Oil  Burner  or  the  Oil 
Heat  Servant,  and  keep  your  clients  out  of 
the  cellar. 

Catalogs  mailed  on  request. 

S.  T.  JOHNSON  CO. 
940  ARLINGTON  AVENUE 
OAKLAND,     CALIFORNIA 


,-,n^  Rustless  Metal  Store  Fronts, 

©©1^  Windows,  Doors,  Mouldings 

and    Architectural     Castings 


Good  buildings  do  not  just  happen. 
They  come  as  a  result  of  working  with 
good  materials  and  with  a  knowledge 
of  how  to  apply  them.  Consult  an 
Architect. 

THE 


OF    CALIFORNIA 
Berkeley,  California 


STEEL  COMPANIES  MERGE 
Effective  June  1,  the  Pacific  Coast  Steel  Cor- 
poration— Fabricated  Material  Division,  assumed 
control  of  the  Pacific  Coast  activities  of  McClin- 
tic-Marshall  Corporation  in  the  sale  and  fabrica- 
tion of  structural  steel  and  platework. 

The  new  division  of  the  Pacific  Coast  Steel 
Corporation  will  be  under  the  direction  of  E.  F. 
Gohl,  vice-president.  General  offices  are  at  20th 
and  Illinois  Streets,  San  Francisco,  with  plants 
in  Alameda  and  Los  Angeles. 


each  branch  of  the  work  when  taken  collectively 
represent  a  guaranteed  total  cost  of  the  house 
after  my  own  fee  has  been  added.  After  all,  this 
is  similar  to  a  procedure  heretofore  practiced,  with 
the  possible  exception  that  all  the  separate  con- 
tracts are  awarded  at  once  to  insure  and  definitely 
establish  the  ultimate  cost. 

Now,  more  than  ever,  must  the  architect  perma- 
nently set  himself  up  as  something  more  than  a 
"cog  in  the  wheel."  During  the  past  decade  the 
responsibilities  of  the  architect  have  become  less 
and  less  until,  at  the  present  time,  his  position  is 
such  that  either  he  will  take  over  the  entire  situa- 
tion in  his  own  hands  or  else  will  eventually  be- 
come nothing  more  than  an  employee  of  the 
builder.  This  is  undoubtedly  and  admittedly  a 
blunt  way  of  putting  it,  but  do  not  all  indications 
point  that  way?  This  is  the  time  for  the  architect 
to  assert  himself! 

And  who  can  unbiasedly  state  that  the  archi- 
tect is  not  being  shorn  of  his  responsibilties? 
Every  allied  profession  and  business  has  been 
creeping  in  on  the  work  of  the  architect — the  en- 
gineer, the  builder,  the  contractor,  the  sub-con- 
tractor, and  even  the  owner.  Everybody,  it  seems, 
is  "more  or  less"  of  an  architect.  Furthermore, 
the  architect  must  pull  himself  away  from  being 
a  competitor  of  the  stock  plan  book.  This  com- 
petition has,  unfortunately,  been  brought  about  by 
the  architect  himself  through  his  frequent  habit 
of  only  performing  a  service  equal  in  scope  to 
that  obtained  through  the  purchase  of  a  book  of 
stock  plans.  Once  the  architect  is  made  to  realize 
that  his  services  must  carry  beyond  the  simple 
drawing  of  plans  and  specifications,  his  services 
will  become  more  in  demand.  Just  reflect  for  an 
instant  what  the  architect  has  potentially  to  offer 
to  his  client  compared  to  friend  contractor.    Need 


we  say  more 


68 


In  creating  my  own  set-up  I  gave  due  recogni- 
tion to  the  existing  state  of  affairs  now  confront- 
ing the  architect,  and  definitely  made  up  my  mind 
that,  above  all  my  services  must  continue  right 
through  the  entire  construction  operation.  In  the 
past,  the  architect,  only  too  often,  has  placed  him- 
self in  a  position  of  being  the  "goat"  on  a  build- 
ing operation,  either  because  his  work  ended  with 
the  completion  of  plans  and  specifications,  or  else 
because  the  contractor  was  more  tactful  during 
construction  and  took  pains  to  win  the  client's 
confidence  at  the  architect's  expense. 

I  am  convinced  that  this  is  just  the  right  time 
for  the  architect  to  step  into  his  rightful  position 
as  true  "boss"  of  the  job  from  the  beginning  of 
plan  work  right  through  total  completion  of  the 
building.  In  his  capacity  as  an  unbiased  profes- 
sional adviser  he  should  enjoy  the  complete  con- 
fidence of  his  client  from  beginning  to  end,  in- 
stead of  allowing   himself  to  be  picked  apart  by 

The  Architect  and  Enainccr.  July.  1934 


his  successors  or  contemporaries  on  the  job  dur- 
ing his  absence  from  the  scene,  regardless  of 
whether  this  absence  is  a  forced  one  or  not.  He 
must  follow  through — if  necessary  at  the  expense 
of  the  people  that  have  picked  him  apart  in  the 
past. 

Numerous  advantages  brought  about  by  this 
direct  relationship  established  between  owner  and 
sub-contractor  are  most  apparent.  For  example, 
the  cost  of  building  is  a  guaranteed  sum,  and  is 
nof  wrapped  up  in  a  cost-plus  system  where  the 
eventual  cost  is  unknown.  Then  again,  the  elim- 
ination of  the  general  contractor  automatically 
removes  the  question  of  credit  risk  on  the  part 
of  the  various  sub-contractors.  In  the  past,  the 
general  contractor  has  always  been  the  go  -  be- 
tween and  has  been  the  cause  of  most  financial 
troubles  on  a  job.  Contrary  to  the  usual  conten- 
tion, it  decidedly  has  not  been  the  owner's  failure 
to  pay.  To  prove  this,  is  it  not  common  practice 
for  the  sub-contractor,  when  he  senses  financial 
trouble  on  a  job,  to  go  over  the  general  contrac- 
tor's head  and  demand  a  direct  order  of  payment 
from  the  owner.  In  this  case,  the  sub-contractor  is 
in  possession  of  the  owner's  order. 

Great  savings  in  cost  result  through  this  direct 
relationship  between  the  owner  and  sub-contrac- 
tor, because  the  contractors  are  willing  to  work 
on  a  closer  percentage  of  profit,  in  that  they  "see" 
where  their  money  is  coming  from.  Past  exper- 
ience under  the  old  regime  has  taught  them  that 
law-suits  and  the  inability  to  collect  from  a  none- 
too-responsible  party  is  bad  business.  Also  the 
general  contractor's  profit  and  overhead  is  elim- 
inated by  this  method  which  also  results  in  a  con- 
siderable saving. 

The  straightforwardness  of  this  set-up  allows 
for  a  certain  freedom  in  the  use  of  materials  and 
equipment  on  the  job  which  would  not  be  permis- 
sible  otherwise.     This  is  brought  about   through 
the   architect   costinuing    right    on   to   completion, 
where  he  serves  as  the  owner's  official  representa- 
tive on  the  job  having  direct  dealings  with  all  con- 
tractors instead  of  being  compelled  to  take  up  all 
matters  of  substitutions,  extra  orders  and  credits 
with    a    so-called   intermediary,   who   can   readily 
take  advantage  of  these  changes  to  make  up  his 
profit  on  the  job.    The  possibilities  opened  up  this 
way  cannot  be  fully  discussed  in  a  short  article 
of  this  nature,  but  let  us  consider  a   few  simple 
points:    (  1  )  the  architect's  knowledge  of  the  right 
thing   in   the   right   place   makes   possible   a   great 
saving  and  also  a  better  balance  between  equip- 
ment  and   materials;    (2)    the   owner  may   safely 
make  changes  during   the  period  of  construction 
without   fear  of  being   overcharged,   provided,   of 
course,    that    the   architect    is    equipped   with    the 
proper  knowledge;  and  (3)  where  intelligent  sav- 
ings might  be  effected  the  owner  gets  full  benefit. 

The  Architect  and  Engineer,  July.  1934 


CROWN  CEMENT 
PRODUCTS,   LTD. 

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San  Francisco 

•  •   • 

Manufacturers 
of 

Certified  Vil>rated  and 
Centrifically  movdded 
Concrete   Products 

•  •  • 

Wall  Tile  and  Insulating  Partition  Tile. 
"Spuncrete"    Pipe    for    all    pressures. 


•Wood  Carving 
•Architectural 
Modeling 


•  S.    BERGER 

390     9th     Street 

SAN     FRANCISCO,     CALIF. 
Phone     HEmlock     446  2 


Recent  contracts  completed  — 

U.  S.  Marine  Hospital,  San  Francisco 

Ford  Assembly  Plants  at 

Seattle,  Long  Beach  and  Richmond 

Now  under  construction — Verba  Buena  Tunnel  and  Oak- 
land  Approach    to    San   Francisco-Oakland   Bay    Bridge 


Clinton  Construction  Company 

of  California 

923  FOLSOM  STREET  SAN  FRANCISCO 

Telephone  SUtter  3440 


69 


The  new  Decatur 
De  Luxe  Lavatory, 
illustrated  here,  is 
representative  of 
t  h  e  MUELLER 
line  of  quality  vit' 
reous  china. 

MUELLER  CO. 

Decatur,     111. 

San  Francisco  Branch: 
1072-76  Howard  St. 


The  Modern  Way — 

BUILD    WITH    STEEL 

Protect  your  Investment  from 

Fire  and  Quake 

Structural  Steel  for  Buildings 

and  Bridges 


JUDSON-PACIFIC  CO. 

609  MISSION  STREET,  SAN  FRANOSCO 

DOuglas  4460 

Plants,  San  Francisco  and  Oakland 


*t>.  »  Air 


APEX 

AiTELECTRIC^ater 

HEATERS 

Send  for  Architect's  Catalogue 
Bathroom   Heaters  in  the   Standard 
Colors,   IGOO  to   2500  Watts 
^13.75  to  ^35.00 

APEX  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

1501  Powell  Street 

Emeryville.  Oakland.  Calif. 

Distributors 

Sandoval  Sales  Co. 

Phone  KEarny  7910 

557  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Calif 

Apex  Sales  Co. 

1855  Industrial  Street,  Los  Angeles.  Calif. 

Phone  Mutual  9141 


Product  of     ^'^^^^^ 

CALIFORNIA  SHADE  CLOTH  CO. 

1710  San  Bruno  Avenue,  San  Francisco 

Manufacturers  of 

QUALITY  HAND  MADE  SHADE  CLOTH 
IN  ALL  GRADES 


Wholesale  Distributors 

SLOANE-BLABON  LINOLEUM 


In  this  system  of  building,  all  payments  on  the 
part  of  the  owner  are  made  direct  to  the  actual 
men  doing  the  work  —  there  is  no  chance  of  the 
general  contractor  receiving  a  payment  and  then 
not  paying  his  bills,  thereby  jeopardizing  the  own- 
er's total  investment.  Through  this  procedure,  a 
number  of  men  are  made  jointly  financially  re- 
sponsible instead  of  there  being  always  the  possi- 
bility of  the  job  succeeding  or  failing  due  to  the 
reliability  or  lack  of  it  on  the  part  of  one  man. 
Liens  and  attachments  are  of  course  unknown. 

//  architects  as  a  group  would  only  adapt  them- 
selves to  this  method  of  handling  a  residential  job, 
the  future  might  present  a  more  hopeful  aspect.  It 
is  quite  possible  that  more  and  more  people  would 
ultimately  be  convinced  that  the  process  of  home 
building  is  a  safe  proposition  and  not  the  risk  that 
so  many  feel  it  is  at  present.  This  ivould  eventu- 
ally result  in  almost  wiping  out  speculative  build- 
ing on  residential  work,  which  this  writer  feels  has 
altogether  been  brought  about  because  of  a  justly 
timid  public.  Speculative  home  building  is  an  evil 
that  should  never  have  existed  and  is  the  principal 
factor  behind  the  present  opinion  held  by  many 
that  the  individual  home  is  a  failure,  and  that 
group  housing  is  the  ultimate  solution. 

Just  realize  for  a  moment  what  the  architect 
potentially  has  to  offer  to  his  prospective  house 
client,  I  am  giving  the  following  list  of  figures 
based  on  my  own  experience  in  connection  with 
a  house  recently  completed  for  a  client  who  han- 
dled the  entire  job  directly  through  my  organiza- 
tion. Does  this  compilation  succeed  in  "showing 
up"  the  speculatively-built  house  in  its  true  light? 
In  the  right-hand  column  are  my  actual  cost  fig- 
ures and  on  the  left  side  we  have  the  exact  same 
house  on  the  same  lot  built  on  a  speculative  basis 
for  the  usual  sale  after  completion: 
Table  Showing  Comparative  Costs  Between 
Speculative  House  and  One  Built  to  Order 
Speculative  Owner-Built 

fob  Item  of  Cost  Job 

$    900     Property       .  ,  ,  , 

4,850     House  (material  and  labor)  , 

200     Cost  of  first  mortgage  , 

750     Cost  of  second  mortgage 

110      Interest  during  construction 

300      Carrying  charges  during  vacancy 
after  completion 
75     Advertising  for  sale 

450     Selling  commission 

100     Architect's  fee      , 
1 ,200     Builder's  profit  and  overhead 


i     750 

4,500 

160 

175 

100 


675 


$8,935  Total  Investment  $6,360 

A  few  simple  explanations  in  connection  with 
the  above  might  be  in  order.  Most  of  the  savings 
effected  have  been  due  to  the  direct  purchasing 
by  the  person  having   the  money,   in  the  case  of 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  ]uly,  1934 


the  owner-built  house,  as  against  a  questionable 
credit  rating  existing  in  the  speculative  house 
project.  It  is  the  basic  aim  of  the  speculator  to 
pay  as  little  cash  as  possible  in  every  purchase 
that  he  enters  into,  and  he  is  compelled  to  work 
his  credit  to  an  infinite  degree.  If  he  has  a  total 
of  $100,000  to  invest  he  will  prefer  to  spread  this 
out  into  ten  houses,  where  his  profit  may  be  ten- 
fold, instead  of  confining  himself  to  one  or  two 
structures. 

One  glance  at  the  architect's  fee  in  the  owner- 
built  column  stresses  my  point  of  how  the  archi- 
tect can  build  small  houses  at  a  profit.  In  all  of 
my  jobs  of  the  past  three  years  I  have  been  able 
to  secure  a  fee  of  from  12^^  to  15%  because  of 
the  combined  responsibility  and  the  net  resultant 
saving  shown. 


WINDOW   SHADE   MANUFACTURING 

Recognizing  the  importance  of  the  West  Coast 
as  a  manufacturing  and  distributing  point,  Wil- 
liam Volker  &  Company,  a  nationally  known  con- 
cern with  main  offices  in  Kansas  City,  Chicago, 
and  Ogdensburg,  N,Y..  established  a  sales  office 
and  warehouse  in  San  Francisco  during  the  year 
1912, 

In  1921,  a  shade  cloth  painting  plant  was  estab- 
lished in  Los  Angeles,  both  buildings  being  erect- 
ed and  owned  by  the  company.  Since  that  time 
window  shade  manufacturing  plants  have  been 
operated  in  Oakland,  Fresno,  Sacramento,  Port- 
land, Seattle,  and  Salt  Lake  City, 

The  importance  of  this  industry  has  extended 
into  the  lumber  field  —  sixty  carloads  of  pickets 
having  recently  been  purchased  from  the  Red 
River  Lumber  Company  for  shipment  to  New 
York  to  be  made  into  shade  rollers. 

Shade  cloth  painted  in  Los  Angeles,  and  also 
in  the  various  Volker  mounting  rooms,  is  distrib- 
uted throughout  Utah,  Nevada,  California,  Ore- 
gon and  the  Hawaiian  Islands. 


RADIATOR  CORPORATIONS  MERGE 

The  Bon  Air  Radiator  Corporation  announces 
the  purchase  of  the  Concealed  Radiator  Corpora- 
tion, of  Bridgeport,  Conn, 

By  the  terms  of  the  purchase,  Bon  Air  takes 
over  all  assets  of  this  corporation,  including  cash, 
patent  rights,  licenses  and  machinery.  This  will 
enable  the  Bon  Air  Corporation  to  offer  a  new 
and  improved  type  of  radiator,  either  as  separate 
equipment  or  as  part  of  the  Bon  Air  Air-Condi- 
tioning  Systems. 

C.  Arnold  Hall,  president  of  Bon  Air,  an- 
nounces that  his  company  will  also  be  able  to  do 
fin-winding  of  copper  tubes  for  the  radiation  and 
heating  equipment  of  other  manufacturers. 

General  offices  are  located  in  Boston,  Mass. 


W©  present  you  a  civic  problem  where 
your  influence  will  carry  weight. 
Before  the  fall  term  opens  every 
BChoolroom  in  your  community  should 
have  its  lighting  accurately  checked 
and  put  into  proper  condition. 

Your  local  Power  CompaEy  will  coop- 
erate in  the  testing.  Local  elec- 
trical contractors  can  provide  ap- 
proved fixtures  and  plans. 

A  three  year  study  made  in  Tusciunbia, 
Alabama,  schools  revealed  conclusive- 
ly that  poor  lighting  increased  un- 
conditional failures  by  more  than 
300  per  cent I  The  actual  expense  to 
the  taxpayers  for  2S§.  chil<^  ^o  ggp^at 
grades  was  greater  th,an  the  cost  of 


adequate  light  —  entirely  aside  from 
the  unfortunate  effects  on  the  chil- 
dren' s  eyes  and  general  welfare I 

Mai^  schoolrooms  of  course  are  al- 
ready well  lighted.  But  in  almost 
every  region  there  are  some  that 
need  attention  badly.  lou  may  get 
no  large  fees  for  this  —  we're  pro- 
posing it  to  you  as  a  citizen  with 
tiie  public  welfare  at  heart. 

Cordially  yours. 


jdcilic^^a^C^ 


U^tiicalc'^^ 


U/UjOU 


447  SUTTER  ST„  SAN  FRANCISCO 

601  West  5th  St.,  Los  AngeUs 
DEPARTMENT  J-7 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  July,  1934 


FORDERER 
Cornice  Works 

Manufacturers  oj 
Hollow  Metal  Products 
Interior  Metal  Trim 
Elevator  Fronts  and  Cabs 
Metal  Wall  Plugs,  Anchors,  Etc. 
Sheet  Metal  Products 
Sanitary  Metal  Base 
Commercial  Refrigerators 
Building  Paper 
Metal  and  Wire  Accessories 

for  Concrete 

269  POTRERO  AVENUE 

San  Francisco,  Calif. 

HEmlock  4100 

CONSULT  OUR  ENGINEERING 

DEPARTMENT 


Phone  GArfleld  1164 

Hunter  &  Hudson 

Consulting  Engineers 

DESIGNERS  OF  HEATING 
AIR  CONDITIONING 
VENTILATING  AND  WIRING 
SYSTEMS,  MECHANICAL 
AND  ELECTRICAL  EQUIP- 
MENT OF  BUILDINGS 

41  SUTTER  STREET 

ROOM  710 
San  Francisco  California 


Melrose  Lumber 
&  Supply  Co. 


LUMBER  AND 
MILL   WORK 


46th  Ave.  and  E.  12th  St. 
Oakland 

Phones:  FRuitvale  0240  —  0251 


JOSEPH  MUSTO 

SONS-KEENAN 

COMPANY 

MARBLE 

and 

ONYX 


53;   NORTH  POINT  STREE' 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

1801  S.  SOTO  STREET 

LOS  ANGELES 


JUNE  PERMITS 
Los  Angeles  continued  to  main- 
tain leadership  among  the  cities 
reporting  largest  volume  of  build- 
ing permits  in  June,  according  to 
the  Western  Monthly  Building 
Survey  prepared  by  H.  R.  Baker 
&  Co.  San  Francisco  was  second, 
followed  by  Oakland,  Stockton, 
Seattle  and  San  Jose.  June  per- 
mits for  the  twenty  -  five  leading 
cities  were  slightly  in  excess  of 
May  but  approximately  21%  low- 
er than  for  the  corresponding 
month  last  year.  Total  for  June 
was  $4,232,189  compared  with 
$4,104,224  in  May  1934  and  $5,- 
371,094  in  June  1933. 

Total  volume  of  building  per- 
mits for  the  seventy-six  cities  re- 
porting in  June  amounted  to  $4,- 
769,566  compared  with  $6,690,340 
in  the  same  month  last  year.  Nine 
cities  were  added  to  the  group  of 
twenty-five  leading  cities  report- 
ing largest  volume  of  permits  dur- 
ing June.  They  were: — San  Jose, 
Inglewood,  Salt  Lake  City,  Santa 
Barbara,  Reno.  Huntington  Park, 
Riverside,  Bakersfield  and  Boise. 

Sixteen  cities  reported  an  in- 
crease in  June  over  May,  and  sev- 
enteen reported  an  increase  in 
June  over  the  corresponding  month 
last  year.  Those  cities  reporting 
increases  in  June  over  both  the 
previous  month  and  correspond- 
ing month  last  year  were: — Oak- 
land, Stockton,  San  Jose,  Pasa- 
dena. Inglewood.  Salt  Lake  City, 
Santa  Barbara,  Reno.  Huntington 
Park.  Riverside,  Spokane,  Bakers- 
field  and  Boise.  In  addition.  Seat- 
tle, Phoenix,  Tucson  and  Glendale 
reported  an  increase  in  June  over 
last  year,  while  the  following  cit- 
ies showed  increase  in  June  over 
May: — Vancouver,  B.  C  Long 
Beach  and  San  Diego. 


HOUSING 

The  Federal  drive  to  spur  home 
owners  into  making  work  for  the 
construction  industries  contem- 
plates turning  upward  of  $800.- 
000,000  out  of  Government  and 
private  pockets  before  winter 
comes. 


P.   F.    REILLY 

Building 

Contractor 

and  Manager  of 

Construction 


730  ELLIS  STREET 
San  Francisco 

Telephone  TUxedo  9656 


Good  BmiMings  Deserve 
Good  Hard^svaire 


581  Market  Street 

SUtter  6063 


HARDWOOD 

FLOORING 

HEADQUARTERS 

GOLDEN  STATE 

FLOORING 
CORPORATION 


C.  E.  COATES,  Manager 
SAN  FRANCISCO 

Rhode  Island  Street 

Bet.  16th  and  17th         PhoneMArket  3177 


Specify 

DICKEY 

ClAV 
PRODUCTS 


Dickey  Mastertile 

Face  Brick 

Partition  Tile 

Fire  Brick 

Drain  Tile 

Paving  Brick 

Fireproofing  Tile 

Wall  Coping 

Floor  Tile 

Flue  Lining 

Comi^ion  Brick 

Dickey  Flaslling  Blocki 

W.  S.  DICKEY  CLAY  MFG. 
COMPANY 

SAN  FRANCISCO 


72 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  July,  1934 


Pacific 

Mauiifacturiug 

Company 

High  Class  Interior  Finish 
Quahty  Millwork 

4:i4  Montgomery  St.       641  Merrill  Ave. 
San  Francisco  Los  Angeles 

GArfield  7755  AXridge  9011 

1315  Seventh  Street,  Oakland 
GLencourt  7S50 


SMITH 
Lumber  Company 

OF  OAKLAND 

Lumber  amd  Mill  Work 


19TH  AVE.  AND  ESTUARY 
Oakland,  California 

FRuitvale   3174 


G  U  I  L  F  O  Y 
Cornice   Works 

General  Sheet  Metal 


Fire  Doors 

GUILFOY  CORNICE  WORKS 

1234  Howard  Street 

San  Francisco 
Phone:  MArket  0561 


TRANSIT-MIX 
CONCRETE 

A  Perfect-Blend 
Material 

Golden  Gate  Atlas 
Materials  Co. 

Sixteenth  and  Harrison  Streets 

San    Francisco 

Phone  HEmlock  7020 


The  new  housing  administrator, 
James  A.  MofFett,  expects  a  flow 
of  about  $500,000,000  in  private 
funds  into  home  renovating  before 
autumn. 

The  Home  Owners'  Loan  Cor- 
poration now  has  a  fund  of  $300.- 
000.000  for  maintaining  and  re- 
conditioning homes  it  has  financed. 
Some  288,000  apphcations  already 
have  been  received. 

MofFett  estimated  employment 
would  be  found  for  5,000,000  men 
due  to  his  end  of  the  housing  pro- 
gram, with  more  thousands  to  be 
given  jobs  through  the  new 
HOLC  plan.  Secretary  Ickes,  the 
PWA  administrator,  is  authority 
for  the  statement  that  better  than 
a  half  million  men  are  at  work  due 
to  the  public  works  program. 

Some  544.000  men  were  at  work 
on  Federal  and  non-Federal  proj- 
ects in  the  week  ending  June  23,  a 
300.000  upward  swing  in  this  type 
of  governmental  employment  relief 
in  the  1 5  weeks'  period  since  the 
low  point  for  winter. 


PROTEST 

A  protest  against  the  employ- 
ment of  Edward  Glass  and 
Charles  E.  Butner  as  consulting 
architects  on  the  proposed  Fresno 
Auditorium  construction  was  filed 
with  the  City  Commission  by  Paul 
Gregg,  secretary  of  the  Building 
Owners  and  Managers'  Associa- 
tion. 

Gregg  declares  in  his  letter  that 
"taxpayers  feel"  the  $24,000  fee 
to  be  paid  the  Allied  Architects  of 
Fresno  for  preparing  the  plans 
should  be  sufficient  to  cover  that 
cost,  being  6  per  cent  of  the  con- 
struction figure,  and  that  the  pay- 
ment of  an  additional  $1,000  is 
not  necessary. 

The  City  Commission  made  the 
arrangement  by  which  the  con- 
sultants would  be  appointed  after 
W.  D.  Coates  Jr..  representing 
the  Allied  Architects,  recalled  to 
the  commission  that  it  had  pledg- 
ed to  award  the  plan  drawings  to 
the  group.  Glass  and  Butner  pro- 
tested they  should  be  allowed  a 
portion   of   the  work. 


B  U  I  L  D  E  R  S' 
LOCKS  AND 
HARDWARE 

Unsurpassed  Quality 
Secuiity  -  Durability 

Distributed  by 

MARSHALL   -   NEWELL 
SUPPLY  CO. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CALIF. 


REPUBLIC  STEEL 

c  o 

R   P    O    RATI 

O   N 

Manujacturers  of 

ENDURO    Stainless    Steel; 

TON- 

CAN 

Copper    Molybdenum 

Iron 

Sheets 

and    Pipe;    and    Steel 

Pipe, 

Sheets 

and     Reinforcing     Bar    for     | 

every  building  purpose. 

Write  far  information 

Rialto 

Building,    San    Francisco 

Calif. 

Edison 

Building,     Los    Angeles, 

Calif. 

Smith 

Tower    Building,    Seattle. 

Wash. 

/HECCUCr  I3KESS 

We  Print 

The  ARCHITECT  and 

ENGINEER 

"A  Thing  of  Beauty 

Is  a  Joy  Forever" 

942    HOWARD    STREET 

SAN    FRANCISCO 


Grinnell  Automatic 
SPRINKLER 

GRINNELL   COMPANY 

OF  THE  PACIFIC 


ENGINEERS  AND 
CONTRACTORS 


VALVES,   PIPE   and   FITTINGS 

601    BRANNAN  STREET 
San  Francisco 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  July,  1934 


73 


K.  E.  Parker  Company 

BUILDING   CONSTRUCTION 
135   Soiilh   Pork  San   Fraiuisio 


Recent  Contracts  Completed 

Christian  Science  Reading  Room 

Berkeley 

Post  Office  Building 

Napa 
Post  Office  Building 

I  allejo 
Post  Office  Building 

Oroville 
Post  Office  Building 

Oakland 

Post  Office  Building 

Marvsville 


Contracts  Under  Construction 

Two  Warehouses 

Fori  Mason 

Three  Barracks  Buildings 

Hamilton  Field 

Ordnance  Warehouse 

Hamilton  Field 

U.  S.  Machine  and  Electric  Shop 

Bremerton.  Washington 

Terminal  "E"  Building 

Oakland 

Montgomery-Ward  Buildings 

Eureka  and  San  Jose 


Robert  W.  Hunt  Company 

ENGINEERS 

Inspection    -    Tests    -    Consultation 

Schools  and  Other  Structures 
Are  Built  as  Designed 

When    Construction    Materkh    are 

Inspected  at  foint  of  Manulacture 

and  durtng  Erection  by 

ROBERT  W.  HUNT  COMPANY 

Cement,  Concrete,  Chemical,  Metallurgical, 
X-Ray  and  Physical  Laboratories 


Chicago      -      New  York      -      Pittsburgh 

Los  Angeles     -      All  Large  Cities 
San    Francisco,    251    Kearny    Street 


Chicaigo 


HOSPITAL 

SILENT  CALL 
SIGNAL  SYSTEMS 


garnett  young  and  CO. 

Pacific  Coast  Sales  Engineers 
390    FOURTH    ST,    SAN    FRANCISCO 
Seattle  Los  Angeles  Portland 


FEDERAL  SURVEY  OF 
HOUSING  CONDITIONS 
AT  SAN  DIEGO,  CALIF. 


The  development  of  San  Diego, 
California,  during  the  period  from 
1924  to  1928  was  remarkable.  Al- 
most one-third  of  the  residential 
structures  standing  in  that  area 
were  reported  to  have  been  built 
between  those  years.  The  record 
of  this  expansion  forms  part  of  a 
preliminary  report  of  the  Real 
Property  Inventory  made  public  in 
Washington  by  C.  T.  Murchison, 
Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Foreign 
and  Domestic  Commerce,  of  which 
the  Inventory  is  a  unit.  The  sum- 
mary for  San  Diego  includes  fig- 
ures for  the  metropoHtan  district, 
covering  the  city  proper  and  its 
environs. 

San  Diego  is  one  of  si.xty-four 
surveyed  for  housing  conditions 
by  field  enumerators  who  worked 
under  the  general  supervision  of 
the  Census  Bureau.  Data  were 
obtained  on  structures,  occupancy 
and  vacancy,  rentals  and  proper- 
ty values,  living  quarters,  and  on 
sanitary  and  domestic  convenienc- 
es. This  information  is  being  tab- 
ulated in  Washington,  D.C. 

Questions  asked  by  the  door- 
to-door  enumerators  regarding  the 
condition  of  the  structures  and 
their  facilities  were  selected  in  col- 
laboration with  experts  in  the 
housing  field,  architects,  represen- 
tatives of  the  building  and  con- 
struction industry,  building  mate- 
rial manufacturers,  plumbing  and 
heating  supply  manufacturers, 
manufacturers  of  modern  house- 
hold appliances,  and  other  experts 
in  allied  phases  of  the  building  in- 
dustry. 

The  information  obtained  should 
be  of  great  value  to  those  inter- 
ested in  civic  development  and 
improvement  as  well  as  those  con- 
nected with  building,  maintenance, 
appliance  manufacturing  and  dis- 
tributing. 

The  survey  of  San  Diego  show- 
ed that,  exclusive  of  clubs,  room- 
ing-houses, hotels  and  summer  cot- 
tages, there  are  52,565  residential 


SSALKRAFT 

REG.  U.  S.  PAT.  OFF. 

"More  than  a 
building  paper" 


THE  SISALKRAFT  CO. 

205  West  Wacker  Drive 

(Canal  Station)    Chicago,  111. 

55  New  Montgomery  Street 

San  Francisco.  Calif. 


CRAN  E 

High  Class  Plumlbing 
Fixtures 


All  Principal  Coast  Cities 


THE  TORMEY 
COMPANY 

GENERAL  PAINTERS 
AND  DECORATORS 

Phone  UNderhill  1913 


563  FULTON  STREET 

San  Francisco 


Scott  -  Buttner 
Electric  Co. 

23rd  and  Webster  Sts.,  Oakland 

34  Harriet  St.,  San  Francisco 

Authorized  Agents 

for 

HOLOPHANE  LIGHTING 
EQUIPMENT 

Call  us  for  information  on  the  newly 
developed  reflector  for  industrial  use. 
It  will  increase  your  lighting  efficiency 
hy   60"c. 


The  Architect  atid  Engineer,  Jultj,  1934 


1"  ~«  n|-"«  ' 

Pump  Gove 

mors         Oil  Heaters 

Safef>-  Pun 
Governo 

Automatic 
ulating  A 

Gas  Burner 

IP                Relief  Valves 
s                  Oil-Burner 
Gas  Reg-      Governors 
a'^fs         Little  Giant 
s                      Improved  Oil 

Gas  Burni. 
Equipme 

Burners 
It               Oil  Pumping  Sets 

Vacuum  Pump             Oil  Valves 
Governors                  ^.^  g,^^;^^^^ 

Vacuum  Regulating 

Valves                       Steam  Oil  Strainers 

Continuous 
Steam 
Traps 

rio"        Duplex  Oil  Pumps 
Rotary  Oil  Pumps 

Thermostats                  Boiler  Feed  Pumps 
Reducing  Valves 

Tj    ■,       I-     J  w   .          Water  Heaters 
Boiler  Feed-Water 

Regulators                Oil  Meters 

VAUGHN-G.E.WITT  Co. 

ENGINEERS 

C.  W.  Va 

Jghn.  President  and  Manager 

MANUFACTURERS  AND 

DISTRIBUTORS 

4224-28  HoUis  St.      Phone  OLympic  6084 

Emeryville,  Oakland,  Calif. 

LUXOR 


WINDOW     SHADES 

Translucent  Shading 

of  highest  count 

cambric 


William  Volker  &  Co. 

631  Howard  Street 

San  Francisco 


LEATHER-STEEL 

RUBBER-COCOA 

WOOD 

Mats  and  Mattings 

Ezy-Rufi   Carpet-Tex 

Manufactured  and  Installed  by 

LEf)THER 
MAT   MFC.  CO. 

340  Sansome  St.  San  Francisco 


structures  in  the  area,  of  which  92 
per  cent  are  designed  for  single 
families. 

Wood  is  the  prevailing  building 
material,  having  been  used  in  the 
erection  of  39,303  structures. 
Stucco,  not  used  very  extensively 
in  the  other  cities  studied  in  this 
survey,  has  been  employed  more 
widely  in  San  Diego,  almost  24 
per  cent  of  all  the  houses  being 
recorded  as  built  of  stucco.  The 
number  of  brick  dwellings  report- 
ed is  almost  negligible. 

Ninety-four  per  cent  of  San 
Diego's  structures  were  erected 
since  1899,,  and  42  per  cent  of 
them  are  said  to  be  less  than  ten 
years  old.  As  was  to  be  expected 
of  dwellings  of  such  recent  origin, 
the  local  enumerators  reported 
25,019  structures  in  good  shape, 
and  20,577  as  needing  only  minor 
repairs.  These  figures  account  for 
more  than  86  per  cent  of  the  hous- 
ing of  the  area.  Of  the  balance. 
6,088  structures  were  described  as 
requiring  major  repairs  and  812 
were  specified  as  unfit  for  use, 
based  upon  local  standards. 

San  Diego  appears  to  be  well 
provided  with  garage  space.  Ga- 
rages, with  a  capacity  of  53,765 
cars,  were  reported  as  attached  to 
the  property  of  78  per  cent  of  the 
dwellings. 

The  52,565  residential  struc- 
tures of  San  Diego  contain  63,695 
dwelling  units.  In  addition  to  the 
48,462  single-family  units  and  628 
units  in  row  houses,  the  area  is  re- 
ported as  having  6.800  apartments 
and  7,805  flats. 

Five-room  units  predominate 
among  the  dwelling  quarters  of 
San  Diego.  Nearly  30  per  cent 
of  the  total  dwellings  are  found  in 
this  group. 


FEDERAL  BUILDINGS 
Approval  of  302  additional  Fed- 
eral building  projects  and  steps  to 
push  324  other  such  projects  in  all 
sections  of  the  country  at  a  com- 
bined cost  of  $110,000,000  is  an- 
nounced by  Secretary  of  Treasury 
Henry  Morgenthau,  Jr, 

Among  the  302  new  projects  to 
be  launched  are: 


V><lieiits 
always  trust 
a  Dutch  Boy 
specification! 

• 

NATIONAL 

LEAD 

CO. 

Manujacturers  of  Dutch  Boy 
W  kite  Lead  and  Painter 
Products,  Bass-Heuler  Paints 
and  J  arnishes. 


Oakland    Portland 
Seattle       Spokane 


DINWIDDIE 

CONSTRUCTION 

COMPANY 

Builders  of  the  new  gymna- 
sium. University  of  Cali- 
fornia; Grace  Cathedral, 
Russ  Building  and  Hartford 
Insurance  Building,  San 
Francisco;  Life  Science 
Building,  University  of  Cali- 
fornia, Berkeley. 

CROCKER  BUILDING 
SAN  FRANOSCO 


CarlT.DoellCo. 

Plumbing 
Heating 


Estimates  Furnished 


467  21ST  STREET 
OAKLAND 

Telephone  GLencourt  8246 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  July,  1934 


McNEAR  BRICK 


Permamemc© 

(TVS 
McNear  Brick  Company 

Main  OS'ce  and  Factories 

McNEAR  POINT 
San  Rafael,  Calif. 

San  Francisco  OBice  and  Yard 

417  BERRY  STREET 


J.  KAPLAN 

PATENT 
ATTORNEY 

Washington  Loan  &  Trust  Bldg. 
Washington,  D.  C. 


U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents 

Trade-marks 

Architects'   Plans  Protected 

JVr'le  for  Information 

Agents     in     all     Foreign     Countries 


XORTON  DOOR 

CLOSER 

CO. 


Agents 

NORTON  PACIFIC  SALES  CO. 

667   Howard  Street  San   Francisco 


McClintic-Marshall 
Corporation 


Subsidiary  of 
Bethlehem 


Steel 
Corporation 


STEEL  BRIDGES 
and  BUILDINGS 

llOth    St.    &    Central    Ave. 

Los  Angeles.  Calif. 

Webster  Street  &  Tynan  Ave. 

Alameda.    Calif. 

20th    &    Illinois    Streets 
San   Francisco,   Calif. 


Hayward,  postoffice,  building. 
San  Mateo,  postoffice,  building. 
Santa    Barbara,    postoffice,    ex- 
tend and  remodel. 

Pasadena,  postoffice.  extend  and 
remodel. 

Huntington    Park,   postoffice, 
building. 

Los  Angeles,  postoffice.  site. 
South  Gate,  postoffice,  building. 
Long   Beach,  postoffice,  remod- 
eling. 

San  Diego,  postoffice,  building. 
Projects  authorized  under  other 
funds  and  which  are  to  be  placed 
under  contract  as  rapidly  as  plans 
can  be  prepared  include  the  fol- 
lowing: 

San  Francisco,  mint. 
San  Rafael,  postoffice. 
Redding,  postoffice. 
Woodland,  postoffice. 
Pittsburgh,  postoffice. 
Hollister,  postoffice. 
Redwood  City,  postoffice. 
Salinas,  postoffice. 
Santa  Cruz,  postoffice. 
Madera,  postoffice. 
Turlock,  postoffice. 
Ventura,  postoffice. 
North  Hollywood,  postoffice. 
South  Pasadena,  postoffice. 


German  and  Greek  architects  attempted 
to  restore  the  temple  to  its  original  deli- 
cate beauty,  but  lack  of  experience  in 
this  type  of  problem  resulted  in  a  recon- 
struction lacking  in  permanence.  Violent 
storms  or  even  slight  earthquakes  threaten 
the  edifice.— Science  News  Letter. 

«  n  » 

THE  little  temple  of  Nike,  or  Vic- 
tory, one  of  the  architectural  gems  on  the 
Acropolis  in  Athens,  is  in  danger  of  cav- 
ing in.  Architects,  investigating  the 
foundations,  reported  the  weakness  of  the 
structure. 

As  a  result  of  the  report,  arrange- 
ments are  now  being  made  to  take  down 
the  temple  and  rebuild  the  base  on  which 
it  stands.  The  temple  will  then  be  set  up 
again  on  the  new.  firm  foundation.  The 
project  is  expected  to  require  a  year. 
Temporary  removal  of  the  building  is 
welcomed  by  archaeologists,  who  see  a 
chance  to  learn  whether  a  still  more 
ancient  structure  stood  on  the  site  of  the 
Temple  of  Victory. 

The  Nike  temple  was  built  about  410 
B.  C.  and  stood  until  1687,  when  it  was 
damaged  in  the  bombardment  of  Athens 
by  the  Venetians.  The  Turks  at  that 
time  took  the  temple  materials  to  use  in 
building  a  bastion.    About  a  century  ago. 


MULLEN  MFG. 
COMPANY 

BANK,  STORE  AND  OFHCE 

nXTURES— CABINET  WORK 

OF  GUARANTEED  QUALITY 

CHURCH  SEATING 


Office  and  Factory: 

64  RAUSCH  ST.,  Bet.  Tth  and  8th  St». 

San  Francisco 

Telephone  HE  mlock  2858 


G.  P.  W.  Jensen  &  Son 


Building  Construction 


320  Market  Street,  San  Francisco 
Phone  2444 


MacDonald  &  Kahn 

General 
Contractors 

Financial  Center   Bldg. 

405  Montgomery  St. 

San  Franeiiee 


Anderson  &  Ringrose 


General  Contractors 


320  Market  Street,  San  Francisco 
Phone  DOuglas  1373 


76 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  July.  1934 


pvn. 


•RABY 


THE 

EnCIFNEER 


AUGUST   1934 


.This  Issue 


SOME    RECENT    WORK    OF    W.    R.    YELLAND, 
ARCHITECT 


■    ■ 


ELLIS    F    LAWRENCE    TELLS    OF    MENACE    TO 
OUR  SCHOOLS  OF  ARCHITECTURE 


THIRD  INSTALLMENT  OF  WORK  BY  THE  HIS- 
TORIC AMERICAN  BUILDINGS  SURVEY 

■  ■    ■ 

San  Francisco  Apartment  House  Remodeled  Into  Modern 
Banking  Quarters 

■  ■    ■ 

IMPORTANT  COURT  DECISION  AFFECTING  AN 
ARCHITECT'S  CONTRACT  WITH  CLIENT 

■  ■    ■ 

Sandblasting-A  Subject  Upon  Which  Architects  Need  to 
Better  Inform  Themselves 


B.   T.  U. 


becomes 


GIANT 


A  giant  in  power  .  .  .  but  a  midget  in  cost.  For  gas,  the  modern  fuel, 
is  unsurpassed  in  "recoverable"  (effeaive,  usable)  BTU's*  per  dollar, 
for  praaically  every  known  heat  requirement. 

In  thousands  of  Pacific  Coast  buildings,  from  modest  bungalows  to 
sky-scrapers  .  .  .  from  factories  to  huge  public  structures  .  .  .  gas,  the 
modern  fuel,  is  daily  proving  its  cleanliness,  dependability  and 
economy. 

Satisfied  clients  and  "contented  tenants"  reward  the  architect  and 
builder  who  specify  modern  gas  appliances  and  gas-fired  boilers. 
(Control  may  be  entirely  automatic.) 

Your  local  gas  company's  engineering  staff  will  gladly  consult  with 
you,  review  your  plans,  furnish  estimates  without  charge  or  obligation. 
You  are  cordially  invited  to  use  this  free  technical  service. 

PACIFIC    COAST    GAS    ASSOCIATION,    INC. 

{A  non-profit  service  orgtiiiizutioii  of  ubith  your  C7./s  Company  is  a  member} 


*BTU  (British  Thermal  Unit) — 

Standard  of  heat  measurement. 
Heat  required  to  raise  tetnperature 
of  one  pound  of  water,  one  degree  F. 


447    SUTTER    STREET,    SAN    FRANCISCO 


-^UKg  OLD  ClBRALTAH     "^ 


Reliable 
Long  Life 
Economical 
Perfect  Visibility 
Unexcelled  Writing 
Surface 


BLACKBOARDS 


Known  wher- 
ever black- 
boards    are 


I01?0PLAT€ 


^ 


nsed.     Adapted  for  use  in  any  building 
and  under  any  climatic  conditions. 

J.  W.  Fricke  &  Company 

SCHOOL  FURNITURE  BLACKBOARDS 

PLAYGROUND      EQUIPMENT 

Phone  SUtter  8854  420  Market  Street 

San  Francisco 


SPECIFY 

NEW  DALMO 
SAWYER    DESIGN 

WINDOW  FOR 

SAN  FRANCISCO 
SCHOOLS 


Made  in 

San  Francisco 


MORE  efficient  ventila- 
tion, increased  iveather 
protection,  greater  security. 
Double  locks  with  key.  Wood 
sash  and  jamb.  Center  sash 
completely  reversible  for 
cleaning.  W'rite  for  detail 
and  specification  sheet. 


DALMO    SALES    CORPORATIO]^ 

511  HARRISON  STREET  SAN  FRANCISCO 


''■,,H^/filH^,o 


ZW7%.  U/icldtict/' 


lour  task  of  getting  a  home 
builder's  budget  to  stretch 
around  his  ideas  is  not  an  en- 
viable one.  And  we  haven't 
anjy  desire  to  make  it  harder 
for  you. 

However,  we  do  tirge  you  to  in- 
sist that  he  allow  for  adequate 
wiring.  You  resilize  the  im- 
portance of  this,  we  know.  And 
we  are  putting  forth  a  great 
deal  of  effort  to  get  prospec- 
tive builders  to  see  it  too. 
Our  advertising  constantly 
stresses  the  need. 

Perhaps  we  can  assist  you  on 
your  next  commission.  We'll  be 
glad  to  send  your  client  litera- 
ture which  p)oints  out  the  need 
of  sufficient  wii-ing  and  outlets. 
We'll  supply  California  archi- 
tects with  basic  wiring  plans 
and  issue  a  Red  Seal  Certificate 
on  homes  which  meet  minimum  sat- 
isfactoiy  standards.  Please  feel 
free  to  write  us  vrtienever  v;e  can 
be  of  service. 

Cordially  yours, 

447  SUTTER  ST..  SAN  FRANCISCO 
601  W.  5th  ST.,  LOS  ANGELES 

DEPARTMENT  J-S 

P.  S.  Comparable  service  on  rg.- 
wlring  is  also  available.  Bureau 
Certificates  add  to  the  actual 
sales  value  of  ai^  home. 

P.C.B.B, 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  August,  1934 


Thumb  Tacks  and  T- Square 


IF  YOU  had  a  son  of  college  en- 
trance age,  would  you  advise  him  to 
elect  engineering  as  his  career?  If  you 
have  talked  or  written  replies  to  as  many 
engineering  graduates  seeking  jobs  dur- 
ing the  last  three  years  as  we  have,  says 
a  writer  in  Electrical  West,  the  answer 
would  be  "No." 

Heartening  to  all  engineers  will  be 
the  results  of  a  study  conducted  by 
A.  T.  &  T.  which  proves  conclusively 
that  such  an  answer  is  wrong.  By  relat- 
ing the  actual  numbers  of  engineers 
graduated  to  a  trend  line  of  the  require- 
ments of  industry  and  business  for  tech- 
nically trained  men,  this  study  shows 
that  the  1934.  1935.  1936  and  1937  grad- 
uating classes  will  produce  far  less  than 
the  number  required.  Furthermore,  it 
shows  that  by  1937  the  accumulated  sur- 
plus of  engineers  from  the  last  three 
graduating  classes  will  be  more  than  ab- 
sorbed and  that  an  actual  shortage  will 
exist  in  1938.  when  the  boy  who  enters 
college  this  fall  will  be  graduated. 
•  e  • 
CALIFORNIA'S  exhibit  at  the 
1934  Century  of  Progress  Exposition  in 
Chicago,  is  said  to  be  attracting  an  aver- 
age of  50,000  visitors  daily. 

An  outstanding  feature  of  the  exhibit 
is  a  glass-enclosed  space,  27  feet  by  15 
feet,  displaying  an  exact  model  of  the 
City  of  San  Francisco.  It  contains  about 
40,000  miniature  houses  and  buildings, 
all  made  to  scale  from  redwood.  The 
waterfront  and  fleet  anchorage  are  shown 
in  detail,  as  are  countless  other  land- 
marks. The  model  was  built  by  Rudolph 
G.  Theurkauf,  native  San  Franciscan,  at 
a  cost  of  $30,000. 

Second  in  popularity  is  a  large  dio- 
rama of  San  Francisco  as  seen  from 
Mount  Tamalpais,  pointing  out  the  site 
just  north  of  Verba  Buena  where  it  is 
proposed  to  create  an  artificial  island, 
covering  a  square  mile,  on  which  to  hold 
a  world  fair  in  1937  to  celebrate  the  com- 
pletion of  the  San  Francisco  -  Oakland 
and  Golden  Gate  Bridges. 
•  •  • 
WITH  current  reports  from  the 
real  property  inventory  of  leading  cities 
in  the  United  States  showing  that  one 
out  of  every  seven  houses  is  between  30 
and  40  years  old  and  with  the  heavy 
stress  now  being  laid  on  home  modern- 
ization, the  United  States  Building  and 
Loan  League  is  preparing  to  make  some 
recommendations   about   modernizing    this 


particular  age  group  of  houses.  The 
home  building  and  home  owning  com- 
mittee of  the  League  is  now  carrying  on 
research  for  an  extensive  report  on  the 
subject. 

A  recent  bulletin  shows  two  examples 
of  what  is  meant  in  concrete  terms  by 
"modernization." 

Case  No.  1  is  a  frame  house  built 
39  years  ago  in  one  of  the  metropolitan 
sections  of  the  country,  and  appraised 
at  present  price  levels  at  $10,000.  The 
owner  got  an  advance  of  $3500  from  his 
local  building  and  loan  association,  re- 
payable in  monthly  installments  of  $38 
and  not  only  put  numerous  building 
tradesmen  to  work  with  his  project  but 
brought  his  home  distincdy  up  to  date. 
"The  house  had  a  splendid  downstairs 
arrangement,  but  the  upstairs  was  more 
or  less  of  a  loss  as  far  as  living  quar- 
ters were  concerned,  having  remained 
for  nearly  40  years  practically  in  the 
attic  state,"  says  the  report.  "With  the 
modernization  loan  the  owner  made  three 
bedrooms  out  of  the  second  floor,  one  15 
by  15  feet,  another  15  by  18  feet,  and 
still  another  15  by  32  feet  which  can 
also  be  used  as  a  living  room. 

Several  closets  were  added,  a  new 
stairway  up  to  the  second  floor  built  in. 
a  new  heating  plant  to  take  adequate 
care  of  heating  the  upstairs  as  well  as 
the  downstairs,  with  the  most  modern 
methods,  was  installed,  the  entire  house 
was  redecorated  on  the  inside  and  paint- 
ed  on   the  outside. 

Case  No.  2,  as  reviewed  in  the  report, 
is  an  example  of  a  home  in  the  same  age 
group,  which  is  being  remodeled  but  no 
structural  changes  are  being  made.  It  is 
the  less  expensive  type  of  modernizing 
project.  The  home  in  question  was  own- 
ed debt-free  by  the  family  which  bor- 
rowed $850  to  give  the  house  complete 
1934  advantages.  The  list  of  changes 
made  includes  a  new  roof,  complete  new 
bathroom  fixtures,  new  short  oak  flooring 
to  replace  the  former  pine  floors,  modern 
built-in  cabinets  for  the  kitchen,  inlaid 
linoleum  floors  for  kitchen  and  bathroom, 
up-to-date  electrical  fixtures,  wall  plugs 
newy  located  in  convenient  spots,  all  of 
the  walls  repapered  and  the  exterior 
painted  completely. 

There  should  be  a  lively  exchange  of 
ideas  among  all  of  the  business  concerns 
interested  in  modernization,  particularly 
among  those  which  finance  the  remodel- 
ing  activities. 


A  NEW  service  to  prospective 
builders  of  houses  has  recently  been  in- 
augurated by  the  City  of  Paris,  San 
Francisco.  It  is  termed  the  Architects' 
Home  Building  Service.  An  interesting 
and  diversified  display  has  been  arrang- 
ed which  includes  floor  plans  and  sketch- 
es for  a  great  variety  of  hous?s,  all  of 
them  suitable  to  the  California  landscape 
and  climate.  Spanish.  Norman  English, 
rustic  English,  Dutch  Colonial  and  Medi- 
terranean styles  of  architecture  are  rep- 
resented —  also  some  charming  rustic 
country  houses. 

The  service  concentrates  on  small 
houses,  that  is,  houses  that  can  be  built 
for  five  thousand  dollars  or  less.  But  not- 
withstanding the  price  limitation,  all  of 
them  boast  character  and  charm  and  are 
remarkably  complete  in  their  appoint- 
ments and  provisions  for  small  families. 
Most  of  the  plans  are  suitable  for  either 
city  lots  of  small  dimensions  or  for  coun- 
try sites. 

Architects  who  have  contributed  their 
work  include  Frederick  H.  Reimers,  Wm. 
I.  Garren,  James  H.  Mitchell,  Martin 
Rist,  Irving  Morrow,  Gardiner  Dailey, 
Wm.  Merchant,  Wm.  Clement  Ambrose. 
Ellsworth  Johnson,  Kent  and  Hass,  Her- 
vey  P.  Clark,  Albert  Farr.  David  and 
Birge  Clark,  Edward  Kress.  Bertz.  Win- 
ter and  Maury  and  Louis  Upton. 
•        •        • 

TO  modernize  seems  to  be  the 
watchword  of  the  building  industry  and 
it  is  gratifying  to  note  that  the  archi- 
tects are  falling  in  line.  The  latest  stim- 
ulant is  a  competition  conducted  by  Good 
Housekeeping  for  the  best  remodeled  ex- 
terior for  which  a  prize  of  $500  and  a 
gold  medal  is  offered:  also  for  the  best 
remodeled  interior  for  which  similar 
awards  are  promised.  The  contest  closes 
June  30,  1935.  The  following  six  items 
must  be  submitted:  1.  Pictures  taken  be- 
fore remodeling.  2.  Pictures  taken  after 
remodeling.  3.  Floor  plans.  4.  List  of 
materials  used.  5.  Itemized  costs  of  al- 
teration or  renovation.  6.  A  short  article 
describing  the  work:  this  article  must  not 
exceed  five  hundred  words.  The  jury  will 
be  composed  of  Frederick  Ackerman, 
F.A.I. A.,  Authority  on  Housing  and  City 
Planning:  Arthur  Loomis  Harmon,  F.A.I. A., 
President  Architectural  League  of  N.Y.: 
Dwight  James  Baum,  F.  A.  I.  A.,  Gold 
Medalist,  Architectural  League  of  N.Y.: 
Arthur  I.  Meigs,  F.A.I.A.,  Gold  Medal- 
ist, Architectural  League  of  N.  Y.,  and 
Frank  Forster,  A. I. A. 

The  Architect  and  Engineer.  August.  1934 


VOLUME  118 
NUMBER   2 


THE 

ARCHITECT 

AND  ENGINEER 


AUGUST 
1934 


wi  DO  oua  #A*t 


FREDERICK  W.  JONES,  Editor 

EDGAR  N.  KIERULFF, 
Adverliswg  Manager 

Contributing  Editors 

CLARENCE  R.  WARD,  San  Francisco 

CARLETON  MONROE  WINSLOW, 
Los  Angeles 

HAROLD  W.  DOTV,  Portland,  Ore. 

CHAS.  H.  ALDEN,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Consulting  and  Advisory  Editors 
LEWIS  P.  HOBART 
TIMOTHY  L.  PFLUEGER 
ELMER  GREY 
CLARENCE  A.  TANTAU 
WM.  L.  WOOLLETT 
W.  C.  HAYS 
JOHN  BAKEWELL,  JR. 
EDWIN  L.  SNYDER 
THOMAS  J.  KENT 
ALBERT  F.  ROLLER 
J.  STEWART  FAIRWEATHER 
JOHN  W.  GREGG 
RALPH  D.  CORNELL 
HORACE  G.  COTTON 
W.  ADRIAN 
JULIAN  C.  MESIC 
H.J.  BRUNNIER 
L.  H.  NISHKIAN 


Q^ontents 


14.16 
17  . 
2S-31 
32-33 


HOUSF.  OF  MR.  AND  MRS.  HERMAN  H.  BISHOPRIC,  PIEDMONT, 

CALIFORNIA 
TI".  R.  Yclland.  Architect 


LINING  WITH  HIM 

LOOKING  AHEAD 

Ellis  F.  Lawrence,  F..4.LA. 

JIODERNIZATION 
Frederick  W .  Jones 

CONTRACTS  MUST  BE  SPECIFIC 

TERJIITE  PROBLEMS 
A.A.Bronm.C.E. 

SAND  BLASTING 
C.  Earl  .Avery 

XAILS 

H.  E.  lUill.  Architect 


GOLDEN  G.^TE  BRIDGE  READY  FOR  CABLE  SADDLES 
WITH  THE  ARCHITECTS 
CHAPTER  AND  CLUB  MEETINGS 

PLATES  AND  ILLUSIRATIONS 

HOUSE  OF  MR.  AND  MRS.  HERMAN  H.  BISHOPRIC,  PIEDMONT 
W.  R.  Velland.  .Architect 

HOUSE  OF  MR.  AND  MRS.  G.  W.  LUBOWSKI.  BERKELEY 
IF.  R.  Velland.  Architect 

BUILDING  FOR  THE  GEO.  R.  BORRJIANN  STEEL  CO.,  OAKLAND 
W.  R.  Yclland.  .Architect 

HISTORIC    AMERICAN    BUILDINGS    SURVEY,    SHOWING    VALLEJO 
ADOBE  NEAR   PETALUMA,   AND  ADOBE  TOWN   HOUSE,   SAN  JUAN 

REMODELED  GROUND  FLOOR  OF  APARTMENT  BUILDING, 

SAN  FRANCISCO 
.S.  Heiman,  Architect 

PH0T05  SHOWING  EXAMPLES  OF  SANDBLASTING 

GOLDEN  G.ATE  BRIDGE  FROM  OLD  FORT  POINT 


Published  monthly  by  THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER.  INC. 
621  Foxcroft  Building.  San  Francisco,  California 

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HOUSE  OF  MR.  AND  MRS.  HERMAN  H.  BISHOPRIC. 
WILDWOOD  GARDENS,  PIEDMONT,  CALIFORNIA 
W.  R.  YELLAND,  ARCHITECT 


THE 

ARCHITECT 

AND  ENGINEER 


AUGUST  1934 
VOLUME  118 
NUMBER  TWO 


ELL."  says  the 
architect,  unfolding  his  napkin  at  the  din- 
ner table.  "Lm  in  for  it  again." 

"One  of  those  dream  houses?"  asks  Mrs. 
Architect  apprehensively. 

"Yes,  a  dream  house.  With  a  forty-foot 
living  room,  five  fireplaces  and  four  baths. 
And  a  room  for  the  client's  little  girl  that 
shows  fairy  thinking;  in  fact  she  said  "I 
want  you  to  do  your  [airy-est  thinking  for 
Claribel's  room." 

"The  cost  to  be — ?" 

"Four  thousand  dollars!"  says  the  arch- 
itect, "and  no  fairy  thinking  about  that.  It  s 
all  there  is."  A  familiar  expression  settles 
on  his  brow.  He  gazes  at  his  plate,  seeing, 
his  wife  knows,  not  steak  but  a  chimney, 
sgraffeto,  a  gable  end.  He  reaches  for  a 
pencil,  and  a  design  grows  on  the  table- 
cloth. 

Then  Mrs.  Mutchmor  Smith's  house 
draws  the  architect  into  its  insatiable  maw. 
He  works  late  at  night,  and  when  he  comes 
home  to  sleep,  starts  from  his  bed  at  unsea- 
sonable hours  to  make  notes.  Mrs.  Mutch- 
mor Smith  will  never  know  how  many  of 


Living  With  Him 


Architect's       Wif 


Tell 


the  delicate  details  of  her  new  house  have 
been  worked  out  in  striped  pajamas.  She 
enters  the  office  frequently,  prettily  deter- 
mined, to  mention  something  more  that 
should  be  included — a  terrace,  a  solarium, 
another  bathroom.  Perhaps  she  weeps  at 
the  suggestion  that  these  things  cannot  all 
be  achieved  for  four  thousand  dollars,  and 
that  night  the  architect's  hair  stands  more 
than  ever  awry  as  he  strives  further  to 
make  the  impossible  possible.  Mrs.  Archi- 
tect, in  spite  of  a  resolve  not  to  become  ex- 
cited about  one  more  unprofitable  job, 
catches  the  current  fever  and  pores  over 
drawings,  while  Baby  Architect  is  forgot- 
ten and  swallows  a  chenille  ball  from  the 
curtain  fringe. 

Construction  begins.  This  is  known  as 
the  Dirty  Clothes  period.  The  architect 
seems  to  spend  his  time  crawling  about  on 
hands  and  knees,  snagging  rents  in  his  gar- 
ments and  smearing  them  with  mortar  and 
paint  until  the  Goodwill  Industries,  driving 
by,  marks  them  for  its  own.  When  brick- 
work is  being  done  he  cannot  watch  it  long 
before  an  unease  comes  upon  him,  and  he 
falls  to  chipping  bricks  and  laying  courses 


^  n  ► 


HOUSE  OF  MR.  AND  MRS.  HERMAN  H.  BISHOPRIC, 
WILDWOOD  GARDENS,  PIEDMONT,  CALIFORNIA 
W.  R.  Yelland,  Architect 


FIRST  FLOOR  PLAN,  HOUSE  OF 
MR.  AND  MRS.  HERMAN  BISHOPRIC, 
PIEDMONT,  CALIFORNIA 
W.  R.  Yelland,  Architect 


SO  that  they  may  appear  exactly  as  they 
do  to  his  fevered  inward  eye. 

That  architect,  with  his  inward  eye,  sees 
something  no  one  else  can,  as  building  pro- 
ceeds. About  midway  of  the  construction 
the  house  bears  a  fantastic  appearance;  the 
architect  has  an  unhappy  feeling  that  the 
neighbors  are  getting  together  on  the  sub- 
ject, and  Mrs.  Mutchmor  Smith,  hovering 
fearfully  about,  sure  that  something  is  go- 
ing wrong  with  the  dream  plumbing,  clings 
for  comfort  to  the  pretty  pictures  he  made 
for  her  in  the  beginning.  The  builder  by  this 
time  has  shrugged  his  shoulders  and  wash- 
ed his  hands  of  all  responsibility  tor  the 
look  of  the  thing,  but,  grimly  loyal,  con- 
tinues to  do  as  the  architect  wishes.    Per- 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    12    ► 


AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


STAIRCASE  AND  LIVING  ROOM.  HOUSE  OF 
MR.  AND  MRS.  HERMAN  BISHOPRIC, 
WILDWOOD  GARDENS.  PIEDMONT.  CALIFORNIA 

W.  R.  Yelland,  Architect 


haps  one  day  a  passer-by  speaks  to  the 
soiled  person  with  plaster  in  his  hair  who 
is  standing  apart  appraising  a  chimney 
shaft,  and  says,  as  man  to  man,  isn't  It  ter- 
rible? 

During  all  this  period  the  architect  ap- 
pears to  be  in  anguish  and  refuses  to  eat, 
but  his  wife  knows  he  is  thoroughly  happy, 
harboring  his  vision.  And  one  day  a  house 
stands  completed  upon  the  property  of 
Mrs.  Smith.  Perhaps  it  has  not  the  ball 
room,  the  solarium,  the  dim  vistas  of  her 
dream,  but  it  holds  the  quahty  of  her  dream 
within  the  narrow  confines  of  four  thou- 
sand dollars. 

The  architect  walks  about  the  house, 
looking  at  every  corner  and  corbel  studied 


HOUSE  OF  H.  H.  BISHOPRIC 

Wildwood  Gardens,  Piedmont 

W.  R.  Yelland,  Architect 

Construction — Stucco  on  wood  frame. 

Exterior — All  white  with  dull  blue  sash. 

Sash — Wood  and  steel. 

Interior — Stucco  with  Oregon  pine  ceilings  in  liv- 
ing room  and  hall,  sandblasted  and  waxed. 

Floors — Random  width  oak. 

Rool — Heavy  red  cedar  shakes. 

Plumbing — Crane  fixtures. 

Heating — Alladin  hot  air  system. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    13    ► 


AUGUST.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


HOUSE  OF  MR.  AND  MRS.  G.  W.  LUBOWSKI. 
BERKELEY,  CALIFORNIA 
W.  R.  YELLAND,  ARCHITECT 


THE  AKCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


-^    14    ► 


AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


HOUSE  OF  MR.  AND  MRS.  G.  W.  LUBOWSKI.  BERKELEY.  CALIFORNIA 
W.  R.  Yelland,  Architect 


at  midnight  and  at  dawn.  Mrs.  Architect, 
watching,  knows  a  httle  what  his  labors 
have  yielded  him.  In  tangible  things,  not 
much;  a  new  suit  of  clothes,  perhaps,  to 
replace  those  abused  garments,  some  tires 
for  the  Ford.  But  he  is  admitted,  by  just  a 
little  more,  to  the  great  company  of  work- 
ers in  the  creative  arts,  who  have  always 
fed  the  spirit  better  than  the  flesh,  whose 
souls,  like  John  Brown's,  go  marching  on 
when  their  bodies  lie  moldering.  And  is 
he  not  a  privileged  man  who  sets  forth 
dreams  in  mortar  and  brick? 

Some  Comment  on  the  Houses 
While  the  Mediterranean  influence  which 
frequently  appears  in  this  designer's  work 
is  not  present  in  the  houses  shown  here,  a 


FIRST  FLOOR  PLAN,  HOUSE  OF 
MR.  AND  MRS.  G.  W.  LUBOWSKI, 
BERKELEY,  CALIFORNIA 
W.  R.  Yelland,  Architect 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    15    ► 


AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


LIVING  ROOM.  HOUSE  OF  MR.  AND.  MRS.  G.  W.  LUBOWSKI. 
BERKELEY,  CALIFORNIA 
W.  R.  Yelland.  Architect 


traveler  will  recognize  in  them  certain 
European  characteristics.  The  vigorous 
window  of  the  Lubowski  house,  with  its 
definite  profiled  wall,  might  be  found  any- 
where from  Amsterdam  to  the  Loire,  and 
the  gables  of  the  Bishopric  house  suggest 
the  vicinity  of  the  river  Avon.  An  endeavor 
has  been  made  to  employ  all  the  natural 
possibilities  of  the  surroundings,  the  slopes, 
curves,  trees  and  stream. 

Interest  lies  especially  in  the  interiors, 
studied  for  pleasant  living.  All  who  cross 
the  threshold  are  meant  to  feel  the  welcome 
of  the  house,  to  be  drawn  on  through  its 


HOUSE  OF  G.  W.  LUBOWSKI 

Encina  Place,  Berkeley 

W.  R.  Yelland.  Architect 

Construction — Stucco  on  wood  frame. 
Exterior — All  white.    Dull   green  sash. 
Sash — Wood  and  steel. 
Interior — Buff  colored  plaster.    Common  brick 

fireplace. 
Floors — Oak  plank. 

Roof — Cedar  shakes  weathered  to  silver  gray. 
Insulation — Pabco   building    paper. 
Heating — Hot  air  system. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    16   ► 


AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


rooms  by  its  warmth  and  friendliness.  A 
certain  degree  of  seclusion  from  the  street 
has  been  sought,  but,  once  inside,  one  feels 
relaxation  and  expansiveness.  Orientation 
of  windows,  fireplaces,  balconies,  so  im- 
portant to  balance  and  charm,  has  been 
given  much  attention  here. 

The  architect  thinks  it  is  vital  to  follow 
up  the  job  closely,  to  be  present  himself. 
Brick  and  plaster  should  not  be  regarded 
as  common  materials,  but  as  fabrics,  devel- 
oping a  desired  quality  as  warp  and  woof 
are  laid. 


BUILDING  FOR  THE  GEORGE  R.  BORRMANN  STEEL  COMPANY,  OAKLAND 
W.  R.  Yelland,  Architect 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^      17      ► 


AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Courtesy  Photo  Art  Monthly 

STREET  SCENE— PHOTO  BY  JULIUS  ASCHAUER 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^     !«► 


AUGUST.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Looking  Ahead 

by  Ellis   F.    Lawrence,   F.   A.    I.   A. 


M 


Here  is  the  second  installment  of  Mr.  Lawrence's  interesting  report  on  Architectural  Education,  the 
first  having  appeared  in  the  July  number  of  this  magazine.  Mr.  Laurence's  frank  outline  of  conditions 
in  our  colleges  and  schools  nith  special  reference  to  the  teaching  of  architecture  astounded  many  read- 
ers. In  this  chapter  he  further  enlarges  upon  the  situation  and  offers  suggestions  that  should  be  help- 
ful in  bringing  about  some  needed  changes  in  the  old  system. 

what?  Who  knows?"  Several  agree  with 
the  writer  who  says,  "The  Profession  itself 
hardly  knows  what  it  wants  or  what  it  is 
trying  to  do."  He  continues  —  "It  should 
all  be  very  simple.  The  purpose  of  archi- 
tecture is  to  create  buildings  that  function 
as  perfectly  as  possible  and  are  beautiful. 
The  former  is  receiving  all  the  emphasis  to- 
day and  we  are  forgetting  that  beauty  costs 
m.oney,  if  only  the  study  required  to  attain 
it.  The  Parthenon  would  have  been  cheap- 
er without  the  sculpture  and  it  is  no  earthly 


.ANY  interest- 
ing responses  came  to  the  question  of  what 
are  the  greatest  weaknesses  in  our  archi- 
tectural education.  One  says  "the  present 
system  is  not  at  all  bad."  One  thinks  it  is 
the  failure  of  all  schools  to  accept  the  five 
year  course.  Others  —  that  the  student 
work  for  credits  instead  of  a  thorough  edu- 
cation; and  "the  greatest  weakness  is  in  the 
rigid  accounting  of  credit  units  as  a  basis 
for  advancements  of  students."  The  fol- 
lowing quotations  from  some  of  the  an- 
swers tell  their  own  stories: 

"Failure  of  the  architects  to  take  their 
proper  place  in  the  building  industry." 

"Lack  of  coordination  betw^een  practice 
and  college  work." 

"Getting  staff  to  think  in  terms  of  arch- 
itecture and  not  in  terms  of  their  special- 
ized subject." 

"Greatest  weakness  lies  in  school's  fail- 
ure to  realize  need  for  greater  adaptation 
to  the  changes  occurring  about  us",  and 
"lack  of  correlation  of  our  different  sub- 
jects". 

"Changing  social  and  economic  condi- 
tions will  produce  a  new  architectural  prac- 
tice and  an  altered  type  of  education.    Just 


Last  but  not  the  least  is  this: 

"I  think  anyone  who  says  'things  are 
quite  all  right  as  they  are',  is  sounding  the 
death  knell  of  education.  The  greatest 
weakness  and  most  difficult  problem  is  the 
relationship  between  structure  and  design 
— and  between  social  and  economic  needs 
and  design."  With  this,  several  express 
sentiments  in  common. 

You  will  no  doubt  agree  this  shows  that 
our  architectural  schools  are  alive  to  wid- 
ening vistas  and  are  seeking  their  place  in 
the  new  order.  The  testimony  given,  indi- 
cates open  minds  and  a  willingness  to  take 
new  paths.  I  congratulate  the  schools  for 
not  abjectly  surrendering  to  the  forces  of 
depression — for  searching  deeper  for  truth. 
It  is  very  good  to  see  many  turning  to  the 


^    19    ^ 


ever  eternal  concept  of  education,  realiz- 
ing that  ours  is  but  a  part  of  the  whole 
and  that  we  must  master  an  understand- 
ing of  modern  problems  of  economics,  soci- 
ology, government,  politics  and  taxation  if 
we  are  to  master  our  field  of  architectural 
education.  To  be  frank,  these  are  going 
to  shape  our  destiny  if  we  do  not  shape 
them. 

Let  us  not  forget  in  our  desire  for  reality 
and  practicability;  for  correlation  of  cours- 
es and  for  the  socialization  of  architecture 
— those  emotions  which  beauty  stimulates 
—  as  so  aptly  expressed  by  Louis  Le- 
Beaume:  "The  Peace  of  Harmony,  the  Sat- 
isfaction of  Balance,  the  Elation  of  Sin- 
cerity, the  Comfort  of  Rhythm." 

After  all,  our  most  important  job  is  to 
open  the  flood  gates  of  self  expression,  to 
make  possible  the  beauty  that  is  art. 

To  remove  every  obstacle  in  the  way  of 
self-education  and   self-expression  should 

be  our  immediate  aim. 

*        *        * 

The  Second  Chapter  of  this  swan  song 
of  mine,  shorter  I  assure  you  than  the  first, 
deals  with  my  own  interpretation  of  cer- 
tain basic  weaknesses,  applicable  as  I  see 
them,  to  the  problems  of  education  as  well 
as  to  those  of  society.  To  start  with,  here 
is  a  poem  by  Edwin  Markham,  written 
after  he  was  eighty  years  old: 

"The  Look  Ahead  ' 
"I  am  done  with  the  years  that  were:  I  am  quit.s: 
I  am  done  with  the  dead  and  old. 
They  are  mines  worked  out:  I  delved  in  their 

pits: 
I  have  saved  their  grain  of  gold. 

Now  I  turn  to  the  future  for  wine  and  bread: 
I  have  bidden  the  past  adieu. 
I  laugh  and  lift  hands  to  the  years  ahead: 
Come  on,  I  am  ready  for  you!" 

The  Agony  of  Fear 
I  wonder  if  there  is  a  mail  in  this  day 
who  has  not  felt  the  agony  of  fear  in  one 


form  or  another,  during  these  past  three 
years;  fear  of  losing  his  job  or  what  little 
is  left  of  his  savings,  his  insurance  or  his 
annuity  program:  fear  of  what  the  future 
held  for  him,  and  his  ideals  for  the  things 
he  deems  most  precious. 

Is  there  one  of  us  who  has  not  asked 
"Where  do  we  go  from  here? ';  "What  is 
the  trouble,  anyway?";  "What  is  wrong 
with  the  system?";  "What  can  be  done  to 
profit  by  the  lessons  these  tragic  times  are 
teaching  us  or  should  be  teaching  us?" 

We  aren't  cowards  enough  to  refrain 
from  making  "The  Look  Ahead"  and  we 
do  want  to  be  ready  for  what  is  to  come. 

Education,  altho  as  some  one  has  said 
"A  balanced  budget  means  unbalanced 
children",  has  perhaps  suffered  most  in  the 
name  of  economy.  But  it  is  not  alone  in 
the  break  down,  for  politics  and  govern- 
ment and  economics;  business  and  indus- 
trialism, capital  and  labor;  the  democratic 
ideal;  religion  and  ethics,  all  are  shaken  to 
their  roots.  We  are  bewildered  for  we 
know,  these  all  tied  together,  are  molding 
our  fate. 

Politics  has  come  to  mean  a  thing  tainted 
with  selfishness  and  intrigue,  not  enlight- 
ened public  service.  Government,  to  cope 
with  chaos,  demands  more  and  more  con- 
centrated power,  pacifies  its  constituents 
with  forms  of  dole  and  socialism  and  for- 
gets our  ideal  of  government  which  de- 
pends on  the  functioning  of  small  workable 
units. 

Economics  fail  to  seek  natural  law  — 
throughout  the  depression  few  indeed  have 
made  mention  of  Land  and  Rent — the  third 
factor  in  the  equation  necessary  to  its  solv- 
ing. The  dean  of  economists  recently  wrote 
"We  don't  talk  of  these".  Think  of  such 
a  situation — the  lips  of  the  experts  sealed 
when  more  than  ever  we  want  the  truth 
wherever  it  hits. 

Business  and  industry  forgot  their  ethics 
and  public  service.   Now  they  are  groaning 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    20    ► 


AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


at  the  socialization  of  what  was  considered 
the  prerogative  of  self  interest.  Capital  and 
labor  are  as  usual  being  hurled  at  each 
others  throat,  when  in  reality  theirs  should 
be  a  common  fight.  An  investigation  of 
where  the  cost  dollar  goes  proves  this. 

The  Failure  of  Democracy 

The  church  surrenders  to  law,  the  train- 
ing in  temperance  and  ethical  conduct,  and 
retires  to  its  quiet  cloisters.  Democracy,  we 
are  told  has  failed.  Has  it  ever  been  really 
tried?  I  wonder.  Any  way  it  is  tragic  to 
see  youth  distrustful  and  skeptical  of  this, 
the  greatest  ideal  man  has  yet  evolved. 

How  much  education  is  to  blame  for 
this,  or  how  much  it  has  suffered,  can  not 
be  dwelt  upon  here.  We  know,  however, 
that  education  has  a  hard  time  to  assert 
its  leadership,  when  monopoly  and  propa- 
ganda stalk  and  stage  and  when  men  are 
afraid  to  tell  their  deepest  beliefs  and  con- 
victions. Education  can't  do  much  today 
to  save  democracy.  It  could  have  done 
much  and  it  can  do  much  for  the  future. 
For  the  moment,  the  fate  of  democracy  lies 
in  the  hands  of  those  in  power,  the  leaders 
of  politics  and  industry,  the  banker  with 
his  control  of  credit,  the  monopolist  of  land 
and  natural  resource,  and  the  purveyor  of 
news. 

What  we  want  in  "The  Look  Ahead  ", 
is  to  find  antidotes  to  the  poisons  which 
have  brought  about  our  present  predica- 
ment. 

I  submit,  with  all  humbleness,  three  of 
these  poisons  and  suggest  possible  anti- 
dotes: 

1 .  The  mechanism,  essential  to  enhght- 
ened  group  thought  and  action,  is 
faulty. 

2.  We  have  attempted  to  build  a  social 
consciousness  without  correlating  the 
component  parts  which  make  up  its 
totality. 


3.  We  lack  fixed  ideas  or  deep  convic- 
tions. 

You  may  ask,  "What  has  all  this  to  do 
with  architectural  education?"  If  so,  I  an- 
swer— "Everything."  What  it  is  doing  to 
us  and  what  we  are  doing  about  it,  are  now 
far  more  important  than  how  we  teach  con- 
struction, drawing  or  design.  We  are  in  a 
revolution,  altho  the  president  spells  it 
without  the  "R".  "The  Look  Ahead"  de- 
mands our  earnest  attention  if  we  are  to 
be  ready  for  what  is  ahead. 

Faulty  Mechanism 

Unless  you  have  surrendered  to  dictator- 
ship, you  will  agree  no  doubt,  that  group 
thought  and  action  are  the  keys  to  any  suc- 
cessful democratic  undertaking.  This  ap- 
plies to  government,  industry  and  education. 
Until  we  organize  society  so  that  each  may 
contribute  to  communal  fife,  influenced  by 
contacts  with  experts  or  those  who  know; 
until  each  is  lured  into  community  effort, 
freely  and  willingly,  each  as  a  vital  part  of 
the  whole;  until  we  have  free  speech  and 
free  action  made  safe:  in  short,  until  we 
build  from  the  bottom  up  and  not  from 
the  top  down.  We  have  no  right  to  aban- 
don the  ideal  until  we  fix  the  mechanism 
by  which  it  may  function. 

In  government  the  correction  might  take 
the  form  of  small  divisions,  tapping  special 
interests  such  as  open  fora  of  Health,  Rec- 
reation. Art,  Education,  City  Planning, 
Social  Work,  Government,  Taxation,  In- 
dustrial Relations,  etc.  These  might  func- 
tion as  did  the  old  town  meeting.  From 
them.  Councils  of  experts  would  be  elected 
to  prepare  Community  Programs.  Each 
Council  would  elect  representatives  to  the 
Federated  Councils  which  would  coordi- 
nate and  pass  upon  the  programs.  From 
such  an  experiment,  might  come  a  new^  dig- 
nity to  democracy,  a  pride  in  citizenship, 
and  a  fair  chance  for  the  services  of  ex- 
perts.    Leaders    would    emerge    and    they 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    21    ► 


AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


would  soon  be  drafted  into  public  service. 
This  idea  is  spreading  through  efforts  of 
a  National  organization.  I  suggest  you  pass 
it  along  to  your  students  who,  if  they  are 
like  mine,  are  floundering  in  the  subject  of 
democracy. 

As  to  industry,  the  Building  Congresses 
prove  what  can  be  done,  but  all  elements 
must  be  included.  NRA  fails  when  it  div- 
ides labor  from  employer  groups.  Fourteen 
years  of  personal  experience  in  this  Con- 
gress movement,  has  convinced  me  my  con- 
victions are  justified  that  democracy  in  in- 
dustry can  work. 

In  education,  the  mechanism  by  which 
the  group  functions  is  just  as  vital,  for  it 
deals  with  relationships  between  individ- 
uals; student  and  student;  student  and 
teacher,  teacher  and  teacher;  teacher  and 
administrative  office;  administration  and 
Board  of  Governors;  Board  of  Governors 
and  the  public.  We  know  too  well  what  a 
price  education  pays  when  any  of  these 
go  wrong. 

Remember  Saarinen's  ideal  architectural 
school:  "A  happy  home  in  which  students 
are  encouraged  to  educate  themselves". 
We,  the  teachers  can't  really  educate  the 
students.  They  must  do  it  themselves.  We 
can't  superimpose  on  them  a  group  thought 
or  ideal.  It  must  evolve  from  the  group  it- 
self. To  do  this,  students  should  be  self- 
governing — free,  not  under  orders.  Free- 
dom-without-license  should  be  a  product  of 
education.  The  best  way  to  learn  is  from 
experience. 

No  barriers  should  exist  between  teach- 
ers and  students.  There  should  be  no  false 
motivation  such  as  grades,  honors  and 
awards.  Education  in  the  creative  arts, 
especially,  needs  no  artificial  stimulus.  Stu- 
dents shouldn't  be  competing  against  each 
other.  Each  should  compete  only  with  him- 
self to  make  the  most  of  what  ever  God 
happened  to  endow  him  with.  Each  is  an 
individual  problem  and  should  be  treated 


as  such.  Neither  should  teachers  be  under 
orders.  They,  too,  must  be  free.  The  dean 
must  not  be  a  dictator.  The  teaching  group 
also  should  be  self-governing,  gaining  full 
rewards  for  their  efficiency. 

I  believe  teachers  and  students  should 
have  a  part  in  administration,  and  teachers, 
being  educational  experts,  should  be  rep- 
resented on  the  governing  board.  At  pres- 
ent, governing  boards  are  too  often  self- 
perpetuating  or  political.  Elected  repre- 
sentatives from  alumni  and  teachers  would 
help  to  secure  capable  service. 

Encourage  Inter-Relationships 

Education  can't  be  ideal  until  these  inter- 
relationships are  right.  We  may  not  be 
able  to  do  much  to  change  the  format  of 
Boards  of  Governors  or  the  setup  of  our 
overlords,  but  we  should,  if  we  are  worthy 
of  our  hire,  so  organize  our  own  depart- 
ments as  to  remove  all  barriers  to  harmon- 
ious internal  relationships  and  to  self  edu- 
cation and  self  expression.  Above  all,  let 
us  make  our  group  as  far  as  it  is  possible, 
a  real  part  of  society  —  at  least  not  let  it 
become  an  aristocracy  of  brains  or  art. 

In  our  blindness,  we  have  allowed  our 
system  to  build  up  impediments  and  bar- 
riers. Why  not  now  fix  the  mechanism 
under  which  we  labor  and  let  democracy, 
education  and  human  nature  have  a  chance 
to  survive  —  before  we  chuck  the  best  of 
the  old,  for  new  isms.  Until  we  do,  we  can- 
not make  use  of  what  is  best  in  us,  that  I 
know;  and  we  cannot  be  really  ready  for 
what  is  to  come — unless  by  chance  we  are 
all  to  be  told  by  a  Hitler  how  and  what 
to  do. 

"We  have  attempted  to  build  a  social 
consciousness  without  correlating  the  com- 
ponent parts  which  make  up  its  totality." 

It  is  hardly  necessary  to  amplify  this 
thought  to  you  who  have  already  in  your 
answer  to  my  questionnaire,  shown  so 
clearly  that  you  agree. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    22    ► 


AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


How  often  we  meet  with  it!  How  often 
it  spells  defeat  to  forward  looking  contri- 
butions to  community  life.  The  social  work- 
er "won't  be  a  tail  to  anybody's  kite",  and 
by  playing  the  lone  wolf  forgets,  for  ex- 
ample, that  the  artist  can  help  him  in  every 
field  in  which  he  so  sincerely  works — be  it 
Health.  Mental  Hygiene,  Recreation,  Edu- 
cation, Industry,  Rural  Life.  Child  Wel- 
fare, or  the  Problems  of  the  Immigrant. 

The    architects    form    a    cult,    and    are 
laughed  at  by  the  business  man.   The  aver- 
age engineer  refuses  to  allow  his  emotions 
or  intuitions  to  have  a  say,  and  the  curbing 
of  them  often  robs  him  of  a  place  in  the 
hall  of  Fame.    Every  great  engineer  I've 
known   has   been   an   artist.     Capital    and 
labor  not  considering  the  natural  laws  of 
economics  keep  fighting  each  other  instead 
of  their  common  enemy.    So  it  goes.    We 
are  all  divided  into  vertical  compartments. 
We  are  wearing  blinders  most  of  the  time 
— not  thinking  in  the  big.    Education,  de- 
pendent on  politics,  government,  civic  con- 
sciousness, economics,  taxation,  sociology, 
ethics,  hardly  dares  publicly  to  express  it- 
self on  any  of  them,  lest  the  closed  minds 
of  the  tax  payer  be  offended.    But  we  can, 
in  architectural  education,  break  down  the 
compartments.    We  can  vitalize  the  cogni- 
tives    those    teachable,    factural    statistical 
things,  as  Suzzallo  once  said,  by  drawing 
on  aesthetics,  ethics,  and  morals.    We  can 
free  intuition  and  emotion  to  the  advantage 
of  the  intellect.    We  can  make  a  program 
for  a  design  project,  the  vehicle  of  teaching 
sociology,    politics,    education,    economics, 
yes  and  ethics — as  well  as  one  for  teaching 
structure,  hydraulics,  illumination  and  the 
laws  of  design. 

I  am  pleading  for  the  rich  life — the  full 
life  and  protesting  against  the  smug,  intol- 
erant, self  satisfied  things  I  see  too  much 
of.  Our  schools  can  help,  but  we  can't  do 
it  unless  we  teachers,  ourselves,  are  ready 
to  let  the  bars  down — widen  our  vistas  and 


reassert  our  willingness  to  tackle  the  world 
problems.  If  we  believe  in  human  nature, 
we  must  do  this.  It  is  as  it  is  only  because 
in  our  indifference,  we  have  built  obstacles 
and  blighted  its  blossoming. 
*        *        * 

"We  lack  the  fixed  ideas — or  deep  con- 
victions, "  some  one  writes. 

How  we  have  needed  and  prayed  for 
leadership  these  days!  We  have,  perhaps 
wisely,  educated  for  the  open  mind  and 
the  questioning  attitude,  but  as  a  result, 
we  look  askance  at  the  man  with  a  fixed 
idea  or  with  a  fixation.  Then  comes  a  time, 
however,  a  crisis,  in  which  convictions  must 
be  deep  enough  to  fight  for  them.  In  this 
regard  are  we  not  a  bit  flabby  compared 
with  the  men  of  other  ages?  We  must  have 
convictions  and  fixed  ideas  in  days  like 
these  if  we  are  to  preserve  the  best  the  ages 
have  given  civilization. 

In  architectural  education,  perhaps  we 
can  seize  upon  some  fixed  ideas  with  con- 
viction— can  we  not? 

A  Group  of  "Ideals" 
What  would  these  be?  I  give  you  some 
of  mine,  already  touched  upon  in  part 
which,  if  added  to  yours  and  stirred  and 
boiled  well  in  the  cauldron,  might  make  a 
potent  brew  worth  calling  our  "group 
ideals  ". 

Every  student  is  an  individual  problem. 
He  has  certain  talents  fate  has  given  him. 
These  he  must  develop  himself.  He  may 
arrive  in  a  few  or  many  years,  or  never.  All 
we  can  do  is  to  guide,  to  place  him  in  an 
environment  where  he  can  be  free  to  spread 
such  wings  as  he  has. 

This  means  beware  of  standardization 
of  content  or  length  of  courses:  of  false 
motivation,  of  mass  teaching  and  faulty 
inter-relationship. 

Every  teacher  must  be  free.  His  method 
is  of  little  value  compared  with  his  person- 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    23    ► 


AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


ality.  No  barriers  should  be  allowed  be- 
tween him  and  the  student. 

This  means  down  with  competitions, 
grades  and  honors,  with  vertical  depart- 
mentalization; with  programs  superimposed 
by  others  over  whom  the  teacher  has  no 
control. 

Architecture  is  the  product  of  group  ef- 
fort. The  Gothic  ideal  is  more  timely  for 
us  than  is  the  Renaissance.  Architecture  is 
the  mother  art.  It  can't  breathe  complete 
beauty  without  the  help  of  the  other  arts. 

This  means  team  play,  harmony  in  di- 
versity, without  loss  of  freedom,  and  it 
means  the  closest  understanding  and  fel- 
lowship among  the  arts  involved. 

Architecture  is  a  projection  of  the  society 
it  serves.  To  teach  it  well,  it  cannot  be 
separated  from  the  ideals  and  standards  of 
that  society.  This  means  that  every  prob- 
lem in  design  should  be  a  vehicle  for  teach- 
ing and  understanding  of  that  society. 

Perhaps  90%  of  all  human  action  and 
achievement  comes  from  the  emotions  or 
intuitive  life.  The  intellect,  without  being 
tempered  by  these,  can  become  a  cruel 
thing.  This  means  ours  is  a  very  sacred 
trust  and  we  must  be  very,  very  humble 
before  that  trust. 

Architecture,  while  it  depends  on  science 
and  business  is  primarily  an  art. 

This  means  we  must  keep  the  lamp  of 


beauty  burning.    Who  else  will  save  it  for 

future  generations? 

*        *        * 

This  has  been  a  very  rambling  and  no 
doubt  disconcerted  discourse.  If  it  were 
not  for  the  depression  I  would  not  have  in- 
flicted it  on  you,  but  it  comes  from  the  best 
I  have  to  give. 

Recently,  I  happened  on  this  which  Wm. 
Morris  wrote  many  years  ago: 

"Meanwhile,  if  these  hours  be  dark,  as 
indeed,  in  many  ways  they  are,  at  least  do 
not  let  us  sit  deedless.  like  fools  and  fine 
gentlemen,  thinking  the  common  toil  not 
good  enough  for  us  and  beaten  by  the 
muddle;  but  rather  let  us  work  like  good 
fellows,  trying  by  some  dim  candlelight  to 
set  our  workshop  ready  against  tomorrow's 
day  light — that  tomorrow,  when  the  civil- 
ized world,  no  longer  greedy,  strifeful,  and 
distrustive,  shall  have  a  new  art,  a  glorious 
art,  made  by  the  people  and  for  the  people, 
as  a  happiness  to  the  maker  and  the  user." 
Perhaps  you  read  "Why  are  Teachers?" 
by  Don  Herold  in  a  recent  issue  of  Today. 
I  quote  its  closing — sentence:  (speaking  of 
his  little  daughter.) 

"How  many  of  her  teachers  have  the 
candlepower  to  illuminate  very  much  of  Hfe 
for  her — or  even  the  desire — or  the  idea? 
So  many  of  them  know  only  to  teach 
what's  in  a  book. 

"To  them  I  say- —  To  heck  with  the 
books,  here  is  a  soul  on  our  hands  —  and 
yours!'  " 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


<^    24    ► 


AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


HISTORIC  AMERICAN 
BUILDINGS    SURVEY 

NATIONAL     PARK     SERVICE 
U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


DISTRICT  NO.  38 
IRVING  F.  MORROW 
DISTRICT    OFFICER 


Portfolio  No.   Three 

Vallejo  Adobe  near  Petaluma 

{Detail  at  right) 

Adobe  town  house  in  San  Juan 


Photos  by  Roger  Sturtevant 


HISTORIC    AMERICAN    BUILDINGS    SURVEY 


VALLEJO  ADOBE  NEAR  PETALUMA, 
SONOMA  COUNTY.  CALIFORNIA. 
THIS  BUILDING  WAS  STARTED  IN 
1834  BY  GENERAL  MARIANO  VAL- 
LEJO. IT  IS  NOW  THE  PROPERTY 
OF  PETALUMA  PARLOR  NO.  27, 
NATIVE  SONS  OF  THE  GOLDEN 
WEST. 


J 


PLAN.  VALLEJO  ADOBE  NEAR 
PETALUMA,  SONOMA  COUNTY, 
CALIFORNIA. 

THE  BUILDING.  U-SHAPED  IN  PLAN. 
IS  BUILT  OF  ADOBE  BRICKS  AND 
ENTIRELY  SURROUNDED  BY 
WOOD  PORCHES  AT  EACH  FLOOR. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      26     ^      AUGUST.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


ALLEJO  ADO&L  NtAP.  PUT  AiUMA -SONOMA  COUNTY- CALIFOP.NIA-   36-1 


HISTORIC    AMERICAN    BUILDINGS    SURVEY 


VALLEJO  ADOBE  NEAR  PETALUMA. 
SONOMA  COUNTY,  CALIFORNIA. 
LUMBER  FOR  THIS  BUILDING  WAS 
HAULED  BY  OX  TEAMS  FROM  THE 
REDWOOD  FORESTS.  THE  PORCH 
POSTS  ARE  CONTINUOUS  FROM 
GROUND  TO  ROOF. 


ELEVATIONS.  VALLEJO  ADOBE 
NEAR  PETALUMA.  SONOMA  COUN- 
TY. CALIFORNIA. 

THE  BUILDING  WAS  ORIGINALLY 
ERECTED  AS  A  GENERAL  WARE- 
HOUSE AND  FACTORY.  IT  IS  NOW 
PRESERVED  AS  A  MONUMENT 
OPEN  TO  THE  PUBLIC  AT  ALL 
TIMES.  THE  BUILDING  IS  LOCATED 
ABOUT  FOUR  MILES  EAST  OF  PET- 
ALUMA, SONOMA  COUNTY  ROAD. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      ^     28     ^      AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


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VALLEJO  ADOBE  NEAR.  PETALUMA- SONOMA  COUNTY-CALlFOilNlA-   381      ..XT""""" 


HISTORIC    AMERICAN    BUILDINGS    SURVEY 


HOUSE  OF  MEXICAN  PERIOD, 
THIRD  AND  FRANKLIN  STREETS. 
SAN  JUAN  BAUTISTA.  SAN  BENITO 
COUNTY,  CALIFORNIA. 

THIS  BUILDING  WAS  ERECTED 
PROBABLY  BETWEEN  1820  AND  1840 
AND  IS  LOCALLY  KNOWN  AS  THE 
JUAN  DE  ANZA  HOUSE. 


ELEVATION  AND  PLAN.  HOUSE  OF 
MEXICAN  PERIOD.  SAN  JUAN  BAU- 
TISTA. SAN  BENITO  COUNTY, 
CALIFORNIA. 

THE  HEAVY  ADOBE  WALLS  CON- 
STITUTE THE  ORIGINAL  BUILDING. 
THE  WOOD  LEAN-TO  AT  THE  REAR 
IS  A  LATER  ADDITION  OF  UNCER- 
TAIN DATE.  THE  ORIGINAL  PORCH 
POSTS  HAVE  BEEN  REPLACED  BY 
IRON  BRACKETS. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      30     ^      AUGUST.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Photo  by  Moid. 


DETAIL  OF  ENTRANCE  TO  BANK.  REMODELED  GROUND 
FLOOR  OF  APARTMENT  BUILDING,  SAN  FRANCISCO 
S.  HEIMAN,  ARCHITECT 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      ^      i2     ^      AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Photo  by  Moid. 


GROUND  FLOOR  OF  APARTMENT  HOUSE  REMODELED  FOR 
ANGLO  CALIFORNIA  BANK,  SAN  FRANCISCO 
S.  Heiman,  Architect 


Modernization 

by     Frederick     W.     Jones 


A 


RCHITECTS  who 
specialize  in  remodeling  will  find  an  in- 
creased demand  for  this  class  of  work  as 
the  building  industry  swings  back  to  norm- 
alcy. There  are  a  great  many  buildings 
now  vacant  that  need  to  be  revamped  be- 
fore they  may  be  considered  tenantable.  It 
is  surprising  how  much  can  be  done  to  im- 
prove an  old  structure  for  so  little  outlay, 
especially  with  the  advent  of  moderate 
priced  materials. 

A  recent  example  is  the  new  branch  bank 
of  the  Anglo  California  National  Bank  at 
Chestnut  and  Fillmore  Streets,  San  Fran- 
cisco. Here  we  find  the  architect  and  crafts- 
men have  combined  their  talents  to  trans- 
form an  uninteresting  ground  floor  front- 
age   (used  for  garage  space)   into  attrac- 


tive and  thoroughly  modern  banking  quar- 
ters. A  thin  veneer  of  terra  cotta  unit  tiles 
(one  and  three-quarters  inches  thick,  to  be 
exact)  was  used  over  the  original  concrete 
surface. 

Mottled  black  with  flecks  of  dark  blue- 
green  and  Hermosa  strips  of  silver — these 
tiles  are  a  recent  development  of  Gladding, 
McBean  &  Company  and  produced  espe- 
cially to  supply  the  building  industry  with 
a  permanent,  colorful  and  economical  mate- 
rial for  refacing  unsightly  buildings.  Tests 
of  these  tiles  over  a  period  of  time  have 
further  demonstrated  their  resistance  to 
fire  and  earthquake  shock.  Anglo  Califor- 
nia National  Bank  officials  demanded  a 
material  that  was  dignified  and  suitable  to 
the  needs  of  their  institution,  as  well  as 
permanent  in  color  and  the  results  have 
been  eminently  satisfactory. 


^    33    ► 


WHAT  MAN  COULD  NOT  BE  HAPPY  IN  A 
ROOM  LIKE  THIS? 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      '^     34     ^      AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Contracts 

Must      Be      Specific 


A 


DECISION  of 
importance  to  architects  affecting  con- 
tracts for  professional  services,  has  been 
handed  down  by  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Cahfornia  in  the  case  of  Louis  N.  Craw- 
ford, architect  of  Santa  Maria,  vs.  J.  E. 
France,  which  was  appealed  by  the  former 
from  an  adverse  judgment  in  the  Santa 
Barbara  Superior  Court,  denying  the  arch- 
itect's suit  to  recover  $1963  in  fees  for 
preparation  of  plans  and  specifications  for 
a  hotel  which  was  not  erected  because  the 
low  bid  exceeded  the  amount  which  the 
owner  was  willing  to  pay. 

The  architect  had  a  written  contract  for 
services  but  it  was  silent  on  the  matter  of 
cost  of  the  proposed  structure,  describing 
it  merely  as  a  "hotel  building  suitable  for 
the  needs  of  the  owner."  At  the  trial  of 
the  case  the  defendant  submitted  parol,  or 
oral  evidence,  that  there  was  a  verbal 
agreement  the  building  was  not  to  cost 
more  than  $45,000,  whereas  the  low  bid 
received  on  the  plans  and  specifications 
was  more  than  $61,000. 

This  evidence  was  admitted  by  the  court 
on  the  ground  that  where  all  the  terms  of 
a  contract  are  not  incorporated  in  writing 


it  is  proper  to  show  any  omitted  portion  of 
such  an  agreement  and  to  clear  up  ambig- 
uity or  uncertainty  in  the  written  document. 
Under  instructions  from  the  trial  court  that 
if  there  was  an  oral  agreement  stipulating 
a  cost  limit  the  plaintiff  could  not  recover 
unless  he  performed  his  service  in  this  re- 
spect, a  jury  found  for  the  defendant.  This 
finding  in  the  Superior  Court  was  sustained 
by  the  Supreme  Court. 

The  legal  issues  in  the  case  were  resolv- 
ed entirely  around  the  admissibility  of  oral 
evidence  to  clear  up  the  uncertainty  as  to 
the  nature  and  character  of  the  building 
described  in  the  written  contract  merely 
as  "suitable  for  the  needs  of  the  owner." 

The  text  of  the  Supreme  Court  opinion 
in  the  case,  Crawford  vs.  France  L.  A. 
14381 ,  written  by  Justice  Ira  F.  Thompson, 
follows: 

This  action  was  brought  by  an  architect  for  a 
fee  claimed  to  be  due  him  under  the  terms  of  a 
written  contract  for  professional  services  in  con- 
nection with  the  construction  of  a  hotel  building. 
Judgment  was  rendered  for  the  defendant,  and 
the  plaintiff  has  appealed. 

More  specifically  the  contract  for  the  plaintiff's 
services  provided: 

"(1)  That  the  Architect  is  to  design  a  hotel 
building  suitable  for  the  needs  of  the  Owner;  is 
to  furnish  all  necessary  preliminary  sketches  and 


^    35    ► 


estimates  of  cost;  is  to  furnish  complete  working 
drawings,  specifications  and  details  necessary  for 
the  construction  of  such  a  hotel  building. 

"(2)  The  Architect  is  to  supervise  all  of  the 
work  committed  to  his  control.  The  Architect  is 
to  carry  all  of  the  necessary  administrative  work 
required  in  the  proper  keeping  of  accounts,  the 
issuance  of  certificates  of  payment  and  such 
superintendence  of  the  work  as  is  hereinafter 
mentioned. 

"(3)  The  Architect  is  to  keep  an  inspector  ac- 
ceptable to  the  Owner  on  the  work  during  the 
pouring  of  concrete  or  the  erection  of  masonry 
construction.  The  cost  of  such  an  inspector  is 
to  be  paid  by  the  Architect. 

"(4)  The  Owner  agrees  that  the  Architect 
is  to  be  paid  for  his  services,  the  sum  equal  to 
six  per  cent  of  the  cost  of  the  work  exclusive 
of  the  cost  of  the  land,  in  installments  as  follows: 
1/5  of  the  total  fee  based  upon  the  estimated  cost. 
on  acceptance  of  preliminary  drawings  and  esti- 
mates of  cost;  on  completion  of  working  drawings 
exclusive  of  details,  a  sum  sufficient  to  bring  the 
total  payments  to  3/5  of  the  total  fee  based  on 
the  estimated  cost  or  upon  the  lowest  reputable 
bids  for  construction;  the  balance.  2/5.  to  be  in 
installments  as  the  work  progresses." 

There  was  a  fifth  paragraph  which  required  the 
owner  to  pay  for  surveys  and  borings  and  to  make 
prompt  statements  of  his  requirements  and  deci- 
sions relating  to  the  conduct  of  the  work. 

The  plaintiff  prepared  plans  and  specifications 
for  a  thirty-room  hotel  which  the  defendant  ad- 
mits were  satisfactory  to  him.  Thereafter  bids 
for  its  construction  were  sought  and  the  lowest 
bid  received  was  something  over  $61,000.  The 
defendant  thereupon  abandoned  the  project  be- 
cause of  the  excessive  cost  of  construction  and 
refused  to  pay  the  plaintiff  on  theory  that  he  had 
failed  to  perform  his  part  of  the  contract  in  the 
preparation  of  plans  suitable  to  the  needs  of  the 
defendant.  This  action  was  commenced  on  the 
written  contract  for  the  sum  of  $1,963.50,  three- 
fifths  of  the  total  fee  based  upon  the  lowest  bid 
submitted,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of 
paragraph  (4)  of  the  contract. 

The  defendant's  answer  contained  a  general 
denial  and,  in  addition  thereto,  affirmative  allega- 
tions of  the  oral  agreement  of  the  plaintiff  to  pre- 
pare plans  and  specifications  for  a  hotel  building 
which  would  cost  not  over  $45,000:  that  the  plain- 
tiff failed  to  design  a  hotel  building  "suitable  to 


the  needs  of  the  owner,"  since  one  of  the  defen- 
dant's known  needs  was  that  the  cost  of  construc- 
tion should  not  exceed  $45,000;  and,  predicating 
it  upon  these  same  facts,  fraud  in  inducing  the 
defendant  to  enter  into  the  written  contract. 

At  the  trial  defendant  abandoned  the  defense 
of  fraud  "because  proof  constituting  the  elements 
of  fraud  was  lacking,  "  but  the  defendant  was  al- 
lowed by  the  trial  court  to  introduce  parol  evi- 
dence of  the  prior  conversation,  conduct,  and  acts 
of  the  parties  for  the  purpose  of  proving  the  parol 
agreement  as  to  the  cost  of  the  building.  It  is  the 
appellant's  contention  that  this  evidence  was  in- 
admissible except  to  substantiate  the  third  affirm- 
ative defense  of  fraud,  and  that,  after  this  defense 
had  been  abandoned,  it  could  not  properly  be  con- 
sidered by  either  the  court  or  the  jury  with  respect 
to  any  of  the  remaining  issues.  It  is  urged  as 
error  that  the  trial  court  allowed  the  defendant  to 
add  by  parol  an  "entirely  new,  distinct  and  in- 
dependent clause  "  to  the  written  contract.  It  is 
also  urged  that  the  defendant's  failure  to  make  an 
affirmative  showing  and  ask  for  the  reformation 
of  the  contract  on  the  ground  of  mistake,  precluded 
the  introduction  of  any  evidence  in  support  of 
the  omitted  clause  of  the  contract. 

The  appellant  further  complains  of  numerous 
instructions,  refusals  to  give  instructions  and 
changes  made  by  the  trial  court  in  instructions 
offered  by  the  plaintiff,  which  resulted  in  the 
jury's  being  told  that  they  might  find  that  plaintiff  - 

and   defendant  had  orally  agreed  that  the  plans  I 

and  specifications  were  to  be  prepared  for  a  build- 
ing, the  cost  of  construction  of  which  was  not  to 
exceed  $45,000,  and,  if  they  further  found  that 
the  plaintiff  had  failed  to  furnish  such  plans  and 
specifications,  the  defendant  would  not  be  bound 
to  accept  the  plans  and  that  unless  he  did  accept 
or  make  use  of  them  he  would  not  be  liable  for 
the  plaintiff's  services.  One  such  instruction  was 
as  follows:  "If  you  find  that  the  plaintiff  agreed 
to  design  a  building  so  that  the  cost  thereof  should 
not  exceed  $45,000,  there  is  the  implied  agreement 
that  the  architect  cannot  recover  unless  he  per- 
forms his  contract  in  this  respect,  and  it  is  not 
necessary  in  order  to  produce  this  result  that  the 
parties  should  expressly  agree  that  the  architect 
should  receive  no  pay  in  the  event  that  he  failed 
to  perform  this  part  of  the  agreement." 

(  1  )  The  one  question  to  be  determined  upon 
this  appeal  is  whether  it  was  proper  to  permit 
defendant  to  show  the  oral  agreement  limiting 
the  cost  of  construction.   Its  solution  depends  upon 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    36    ► 


AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


whether  the  case  can  be  said  to  come  within  one 
of  the  recognized  exceptions  to  the  parol  evidence 
rule  upon  which  the  appellant  relies.  Although 
a  contract  has  been  reduced  to  writing  by  the 
parties,  parol  evidence  is  admissible  to  show 
fraud,  accident,  or  mistake,  to  show  the  omitted 
portion  of  the  contract  where  the  writing  is  in- 
complete on  its  face,  and  to  clear  up  an  ambig- 
uity or  uncertainty.  Ayers  v.  Southern  Pac.  R.  R. 
Co.,  173  Cal.  74,  81,  159  P.  144.  L.  R.  A.  191 7F, 
949:  and  see  note  70  A.L.R.  752,  collecting  cases. 

( 2  )  This  evidence  was  offered  to  complete  the 
written  contract  by  adding  a  term  which  was  ob- 
viously omitted  and  with  which  the  appellant  admit- 
tedly had  not  complied.  The  written  contract  was 
entirely  silent  as  to  cost  of  construction,  the  only 
subject  which  it  covered  with  any  degree  of  thor- 
oughness being  the  architect's  fees  and  the  man- 
ner of  their  payment,  which  fees,  however,  could 
not  be  determined  until  the  estimated  cost  was 
ascertained.  "It  has  long  been  the  rule  that,  when 
parties  have  not  incorporated  into  an  instrument 
all  of  the  terms  of  their  contract,  evidence  is  ad- 
missible to  prove  the  existence  of  a  separate  oral 
agreement  as  to  any  matter  on  which  the  docu- 
ment is  silent,  and  which  is  not  inconsistent  with 
its  terms.  *  *  *  "  Buckner  v.  Leon  &  Co..  204  Cal. 
225,  227.  267  P.  693.  Where  it  appears  upon 
the  face  of  the  writing  that  it  is  incomplete,  parol 
evidence  may  be  received  for  the  purpose  of  sup- 
plying the  missing  matter.  "If  the  writing  does 
not  show  upon  its  face  that  it  was  intended  to 
express  the  whole  agreement  between  the  parties, 
parol  evidence  is  admissible  to  show  other  condi- 
tions or  explain  latent  ambiguities.  Kreuzberger 
V.  Wingfield.  96  Cal.  255,  31  P.  109;  Sivers  v. 
Sivers.  97  Cal.  521,  32  P.  571;  Balfour  v.  Fresno 
Canal,  etc..  Co.,  109  Cal.  221,  41  P.  876."  Wil- 
liams V.  Ashurst  Oil,  etc.,  Co.,  144  Cal.  619.  624, 
78  P.  28.  30;  Stephan  v.  Lagerqvest,  52  Cal,  App. 
519,  523,  199  P.  52;  Hudson  v.  Barne.son,  41  Cal. 
App.  633.  183  P.  274. 

Despite  the  greater  formality  of  the  contract  in 
that  case,  we  consider  that  Hudson  v.  Barneson. 
supra,  is  determinative  on  the  question  of  the  com- 
pleteness of  this  instrument  for  the  purposes  of 
excluding  all  oral  agreements.  The  same  question 
was  there  involved  and  it  arose  upon  an  almost 
identical  set  of  facts,  the  contract  being  evidenced 
by  correspondence  between  the  parties.  It  was 
there  said,  page  636  of  41  Cal.  App.,  183  P.  274, 
275:  "Appellants  contend  that  the  confirmation 
of  that  letter  by  the  defendant  bound  him  to  pay 


to  the  plaintiffs  the  agreed  percentage  upon  what- 
ever might  be  the  entire  estimated  cost  of  any 
residence  and  garage  which  plaintiffs  might  plan. 
Respondent,  on  the  other  hand,  insists  that  the 
amount  to  be  paid  plaintiffs  could  not  be  deter- 
mined without  a  prior  determination  of  the  cost 
of  the  buildings,  and  as  that  cost  was  nowhere 
stated  in  the  writings,  it  was  an  element  of  the 
contract  omitted  therefrom.  In  our  opinion,  the 
trial  court  did  not  err  in  construing  the  contract 
in  accordance  with  respondent's  contention.  Dis- 
regarding the  improvident  nature  of  such  a  con- 
tract as  appellants'  construction  would  make  of 
the  one  here  involved,  it  is  manifest  that  the  plain- 
tiff's commissions  could  not  be  computed  from 
the  terms  of  the  written  contract  alone.  This  shows 
its  incompleteness.  A  necessary  element  of  plain- 
tiff's cause  of  action  was  the  cost  of  the  buildings. 
Plaintiffs  could  not  object  to  evidence  on  the  part 
of  defendant  as  to  the  amount  of  such  cost  upon 
the  ground  that  the  entire  contract  was  included 
in  the  writings,  while  the  necessities  of  their  own 
case  compelled  them  to  adopt  a  like  course  to 
supply  the  same  omitted  portion  of  the  contract. 
It  cannot  be  held,  therefore,  that  the  letter  imports 
on  its  face  to  be  a  complete  expression  of  the 
whole  agreement.  " 

(3)  In  addition  it  is  to  be  noted  that  there  ex- 
ists an  uncertainty  upon  the  face  of  the  contract. 
In  paragraph  1  it  is  provided  that  "the  Architect 
is  to  design  a  hotel  building  suitable  for  the  needs 
of  the  Owner.  "  Those  needs  are  in  no  way  de- 
scribed in  the  written  contract.  Obviously  there 
must  have  been  some  discussion  and  agreement 
as  to  the  size,  type,  and  style  of  the  building  to 
be  planned  and  erected,  and  the  cost  of  construc- 
tion must  almost  necessarily  have  been  insepar- 
ably connected  with  any  discussion  of  such  ques- 
tions. This  is  such  an  uncertainty  as  may  be 
cleared  up  by  parol  evidence  as  to  the  nature  and 
character  of  the  building  which,  within  the  con- 
templation and  understanding  of  the  parties  at 
the  time  of  the  execution  of  the  written  con- 
tract, would  be  "suitable  for  the  needs  of  the 
Owner.  "  That  its  cost  was  a  material  factor  seems 
to  me  to  admit  of  no  doubt.  In  Blahnik  v.  Small 
Farms  Improvement  Co.,  181  Cal.  379.  184  P. 
661.  662,  the  contract,  for  the  purchase  and  sale 
of  a  piece  of  realty,  provided:  "The  seller  agrees 
that  it  will  have  the  roads  in  said  division  'R' 
constructed  during  the  fall  of  1913  after  the  rains 
or  when  the  ground  is  able  to  be  worked.  And 
construct  the  necessary  bridges."    The  action  was 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    37    ► 


AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


for  rescission  and  recovery  of  the  cash  payment 
for  failure  of  the  vendor  to  construct  the  roads 
referred  to  in  the  contract.  Some  bridges  and  ap- 
proaches having  been  constructed  before  the  at- 
tempted rescission,  the  issue  was  the  performance 
of  the  vendor.  With  regard  to  the  exclusion  by 
the  trial  court  of  conversations  had  between  the 
parties  before  and  at  the  time  of  the  execution  of 
the  contract  and  offered  for  the  purpose  of  show- 
ing the  real  agreement  of  the  parties  in  that  re- 
spect, the  court  said,  page  382  of  181  Cal..  184 
P.  661,  662:  "This  ruling  was  erroneous.  The 
contract  was  altogether  silent  in  regard  to  the 
character  and  kind  of  work  that  was  to  be  done 
upon  the  roads.  If  there  was  any  agreement  on 
that  subject,  or  any  plan  relating  thereto  adopted 
by  defendant  and  acquiesced  in  by  the  plaintiffs, 
it  was  not  set  forth  in  the  contract.  So  far  as 
appears,  it  was  in  parol  only.  Such  an  agreement 
would  be  collateral  and  supplemental  to  the  con- 
tract contained  in  the  writing,  and,  as  parol  evi- 
dence thereof  would  not  be  inconsistent  with  the 
contract  and  would  not  alter  it  in  any  respect, 
evidence  thereof  would  be  admissible  if  material 
to  the  issues.  Silvers  v.  Sivers,  97  Cal.  521,  32 
P.  571;  Daly  v.  Ruddell,  137  Cal.  676,  70  P.  784; 
17  Cyc.  741."  In  Rohan  v.  Proctor,  61  Cal.  App. 
447,  214  P.  986,  where  the  lease  provided  that 
alterations  were  to  be  made  before  the  tenant 
should  enter  but  did  not  contain  a  definite  de- 
scription of  what  the  improvements  were  to  con- 


sist or  a  definite  date  for  their  completion,  and 
so  was  uncertain  as  to  the  time  when  the  term 
was  to  begin,  it  was  held  that  this  was  such  an 
uncertanity  as  could  be  cleared  up  by  parol  evi- 
dence as  to  the  kind  and  character  of  alterations 
and  improvements  within  the  understanding  and 
contemplation  of  the  parties  at  the  time  of  the 
execution  of  the  contract.  However,  the  complaint 
therein  expressly  alleged  that  the  agreement  with 
regard  to  the  nature  of  the  changes  to  be  made 
in  the  premises  was  arrived  at  subsequent  to  the 
execution  of  the  contract.  See  also,  Austin  v. 
Bullion,  77  Cal,  App.  257,  246  P.  151;  Lewis  Pub- 
lishing Co.  V.  Henderson,  103  Cal.  App.  425.  284 
P.  713.  We  consequently  conclude  that  there  was 
an  error  in  the  admission  by  the  trial  court  of  the 
testimony  complained  of  and  that  such  evidence 
was  relevant  to  the  issue  of  the  appellant's  per- 
formance. 

Appellant's  contention  that  the  respondent 
should  have  sought  affirmative  relief  through  ref- 
ormation of  the  contract  for  mutual  mistake  is  be- 
side the  point  since  it  was  never  urged  that  the 
written  contract  was  not  in  accordance  with  the 
real  agreement  of  the  parties,  but  rather  that  the 
whole  of  the  agreement  was  not  reduced  to  writ- 
ing.   The  judgment  is  affirmed. 

We  concur:  WASTE,  C.  J.;  CURTIS,  J.; 
PRESTON,  J.;  SEAWELL,  J.:  LANGDON,  J. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      38    ^      AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Termite  Problems 


A.    A. 


r  o  w  n 


C.      E. 


A 


CORRESPONDENT 

writes:  "We  have  read  with  interest  your 
article  on  'Termites  and  Their  Threat  to 
Timber  Structures.'  We  are  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  windows  and  doors  of 
Western  Ponderosa  pine.  We  beheve  that 
in  the  manufacture  of  windows  the  prin- 
cipal worry  is  not  termites,  but  is  decay 
due  to  growth  of  fungi  on  account  of  too 
great  a  moisture  content  of  the  wood. 

"We  assume  that  subterranean  termites 
are  of  little  danger  to  windows  or  doors 
because  these  windows  or  doors  are  in  al- 
most all  cases  quite  far  removed  from  the 
ground,  and  if  termites  should  enter  a 
house  the  likelihood  is  that  they  would  at- 
tack the  joists  and  studding  long  before 
reaching  the  windows  and  doors.  We, 
nevertheless,  after  reading  your  article,  are 
somewhat  fearful  that  dry-wood  termites 
might  be  likely  to  attack  windows. 

"We  would  appreciate  your  opinion  on 
this  subject,  with  any  advice  you  may  be 
able  to  give  us  on  the  subject." 

Another  letter  recently  received  from  a 
school  superintendent  is  interesting  in 
view  of  the  above  inquiry.  He  writes:  We 
have  a  two-story  brick  building  built  in 
1922  which  has  an  infestation  of  termites 
in   the  woodwork  of   the  basement   floor. 


Window  and  door  casings,  moulding  set 
in  the  plastered  walls,  and  interior  door 
casings  have  been  destroyed  by  termites. 

"We  are  engaged  now  in  tearing  out 
ravaged  window  frames,  sills,  and  casings. 
We  do  not  like  to  replace  new  material 
until  we  have  some  method  of  combating 
the  termites.  Can  you  tell  us  what  to  do  to 
eradicate  the  termites  or  with  what  we 
might  treat  the  woodwork  to  protect  it  from 
further  devastation.  The  termites  keep  se- 
cluded in  the  walls  of  the  building  until  we 
replace  new  frames  to  windows  and  doors, 
and  then  the  work  of  destruction  begins 

anew." 

*        *        * 

The  fact  that  a  large  scale  manufacturer 
of  wood  products  is  not  only  aware  that 
termites  and  decay  shorten  the  use  life  of 
his  product  but  is  seeking  a  method  for 
constructively  overcoming  their  destructive 
action,  is  an  example  of  the  progressive 
attitude  usually  associated  with  large  scale 
industry  in  America.  Any  industry  con- 
tinuously seeking  ways  of  improving  their 
product  can  be  expected  to  be  successful. 
The  sash  and  door  industry  can  be  classed 
as  one  of  those  that  is  highly  competitive. 
The  attitude  of  this  manufacturer  appears 
to  be  "when  better  sash  are  made,  we  will 
make  them"  and  not  slowly  succumb  to  the 


-^    39  ► 


aggressive  producers  of  sash  manufactured 
from  materials  other  than  wood. 

The  second  letter  effectively  provides  an 
answer  as  to  the  possibility  that  termites 
might  attack  sash.  A  very  common  weak- 
ness of  wood  sash  has  been  the  softening 
of  the  muntin  bars  due  to  excess  moisture 
next  the  glass  causing  decay  of  the  wood. 
The  possible  ravages  by  termites  and  dam- 
age due  to  decay  can  both  be  effectively 
overcome  by  preservative  treatment. 

For  years  the  Reilly  Laboratories,  In- 
dianapolis, have  studied  all  phases  of  wood 
preservation.  Their  studies  have  resulted 
in  a  new  product,  Reilly  Transparent  Pene- 
trating Creosote.  The  development  of  this 
new  preservative  is  considered  a  distinct 
advance  in  the  art  of  wood  preservation. 
The  preservative  is  a  highly  refined  blend- 
ed coal-tar  creosote  oil  from  which  have 
been  removed  those  substances  which  im- 
part color  and  also  those  which  impede 
penetration  into  the  wood. 


Because  of  the  ease  with  which  this 
material  penetrates  deeply  into  the  wood, 
it  is  possible  to  adequately  preserve  win- 
dow sash,  frames,  and  doors  merely  by 
immersing  them  in  the  creosote.  The  treat- 
ed sash  is  unchanged  in  color,  it  is  dry. 
not  oily,  and  after  a  short  seasoning  per- 
iod it  can  be  painted.  The  treatment  in  no 
way  affects  the  putty-holding  properties  of 
the  sash.  Treatment  with  the  creosote  does 
not  alter  the  dimensions  of  the  wood  nor 
does  it  affect  glue.  The  preservative  can  be 
used  to  treat  sash,  window  frames,  doors, 
etc.,  after  they  have  been  assembled. 

Answering  the  second  inquiry:  Only 
material  that  has  been  adequately  treated 
should  be  used  to  replace  the  damaged 
window  frames,  sills,  casings,  etc.  If  these 
treated  materals  are  not  available,  then 
they  should  be  given  an  immersion  treat- 
ment at  the  building  site  as  outlined  above. 
Pressure  treated  material  should  be  used 
in  replacing  all  rough  framing. 


THEATER  LOBBY  DOORS,  STAINED.  THEN  SANDBLASTED 


w 


HY  do  architects 
object  to  sandblasted  glass?  Possibly  be- 
cause of  the  word  itself. 

"Sandblast"  is  sibilant,  explosive;  it 
suggests  crude  industrial  operations  far 
removed  from  artistic  creations.  The  action 
of  compressed  air  and  sand  on  glass  is  not 
in  the  form  of  a  blast;  instead,  each  grain 
of  sand  strikes  the  surface  like  a  hammer. 
Millions  of  tiny  hammers,  each  making  a 
diminutive  dent  in  the  glass.  If  the  process 
was  correctly  named,  material  subjected 
to  the  action  of  sand  and  compressed  air 
could  be  called  pounded  wood,  or  sand- 
hammered  metal,  or  eroded  glass  —  and 
one  objection  would  be  removed. 


Sand  blasting 


b 


c 


Avery 


Sandblasted  materials  are  usually 
thought  of  only  as  decorative  materials.  A 
few  illustrations  of  practical  applications 
of  glass  designed  with  sandblast  will  sug- 
gest ideas  for  dozens  of  other  serviceable 
uses  and  help  to  lower  the  resistance  of 
another  objection: 

(1)  "Tapestry"  plate  glass,  sand- 
blasted with  a  grille  design  served  the 
purpose  of  both  glass  and  the  aluminum 
grilles  that  were  to  be  placed  in  front,  in 
the  transoms  of  a  large  market.  The  cost 
of  sandblasting  was  less  than  that  of  the 
metal  grilles.  (2)  Because  a  burglar  had 
once  hidden  in  the  telephone  booth  of  an 
apartment  lobby  the  wood  panel  was  re- 
placed   with    one    of    sandblasted    glass, 


^    41    ► 


designed  to  give  privacy  to  the  occupant 
and  at  the  same  time  showing  his  head 
and  feet.  (3)  A  sandblasted  design  on 
theatre  entrance  doors  took  the  place  of 
unsanitary  drapes,  cleverly  broke  up  a 
clear  view  of  the  lobby  from  the  outside, 
yet  let  the  glow  of  the  lobby  lights  through 
to  add  to  the  brilliancy  of  the  exterior.  ( 4 ) 
A  high  and  narrow  glass  ticket  booth  that 
originallyy  resembled  a  Chic  Sale  creation 
was  given  the  impression  of  better  propor- 
tions by  sandblasting  a  properly  executed 
design  at  the  top,  bottom  and  sides  of  each 
glass  panel. 

Some  Horrid  Examples 
Another  architectural  objection  is  to  the 
nature  of  many  of  the  designs,  their  execu- 
tion, and  the  resultant  cheapness  of  their 
appearance.     Horrid    examples    of    school 


Theater  drinking  fountain.    Black  glass  sandblasted 
Ave  processes  and  shaded. 


boy  art,  attempts  at  "modernism"  and 
other  forms  of  doubtful  expression,  are 
perpetrated  on  the  buyer.  But,  regardless 
of  the  production  of  cheap  sandblasted 
glass,  there  are  many  artistic  installations 
that  in  no  way  can  be  compared  with  the 
shoddy  stuff;  nor  will  the  shoddy  impair 
the  artistic  or  intrinsic  value  of  the  good. 

The  fault  does  not  always  lie  with  the 
sandblaster.  True,  as  a  maker  of  designed 
materials,  he  should  be  a  master  of  design. 
Too  often  he  isn't.  Too  often  his  ideas  of 
design  are  not  the  architect's  ideas.  Archi- 
tects have  a  habit  of  "passing  the  buck" 
in  such  matters.  Too  often  the  architect 
gives  the  sandblaster  a  thumbnail  sketch, 
scratched  on  the  back  of  an  envelope  with 
a  charcoal  stub  and  says,  "Here,  my  good 
man,  take  this  and  interpret  a  design  for 
the  glass  work." 

Scale  drawings,  as  a  remedy,  will  give 
the  artisan  a  definite  picture.  Full-size 
drawings  preclude  the  possibilities  of  mis- 
takes. 

A  glass  sample  on  which  a  three-process 
design  has  been  sandblasted,  and  each  step 
or  process  sandblasted  individually  along- 
side,-— much  the  same  idea  that  a  photo- 
engraver  uses  in  submitting  color  or  break- 
down proofs  of  a  three-color  printing 
plate, — will  help  the  draftsman  to  develop 
his  ideas.  Then  he  can  indicate  on  the 
drawing,  by  color  or  by  hatchings,  where 
the  various  processes  are  to  be  made. 

More  E.xpert  Draftsmen  Needed 

An  understanding  of  the  methods  used 
in  sandblasting  will  help  in  the  preparation 
of  specifications.  Sandblasting  "specs" 
often  are  vague;  misunderstood  by 
builder,  sandblaster  and  architect  alike.  A 
knowledge  of  these  methods  helps  when 
price  haggling  begins.  The  sandblaster, 
being  human,  naturally  puts  his  most  ex- 
perienced help  on  a  job  that  pays  him  well. 
For    the   price   chiselers    he   is    not    to   be 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    42    ► 


AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


blamed  if  he  employs  cheap,  inexperienced 
labor — art  school  students  for  the  cutting, 
pick  and  shovel  artists  for  the  exacting  task 
of  the  actual  sandblasting.  An  instance  is 
cited  of  one  sandblaster  who,  working  on 
the  theory  that  all  Mexicans  have  an  inborn 
artistic  bent,  hired  a  covey  of  street  loafers 
of  that  nationality  to  do  the  design  cutting 
on  a  large  and  elaborate,  though  sadly-cut- 
in-price,  job  of  several  hundred  glass  panels 
that  should  have  matched  perfectly.  You 
can  guess  the  results. 

Glass  should  be  clean  of  surface  before 
the  protective  coating  or  sandblast  re- 
sistant is  applied.  It  will  not  adhere  firmly 
to  a  dusty  surface.  The  adhesive  com- 
pound is  applied  while  warm  to  glass  of 
near  the  same  temperature  (around  ninety 
degrees  Fahrenheit),  by  flowing,  or  with 
a  brush.  Bubbles  appear,  making  thin 
spots  that  later  result  in  "burns."  They 
can  be  eliminated  by  the  application  of 
two  thin  coats.  A  few  hours'  drying  be- 
tween coats,  and  six  to  ten  hours'  drying 
after  the  final  coat,  denotes  a  well-prepared 
piece  of  glass. 

Some  resistant  compounds  come  in  the 
form  of  sheets  which,  moistened,  applied 
and  allowed  to  set  for  a  few  minutes  are 
ready  for  cutting.  Quite  often  their  hasty 
application  results  in  edges  blown  away 
from  the  glass  when  it  is  sent  to  the  sand- 
blast room.  Hard  rubber,  metal  or  wood 
stencils  work  well  enough  on  wood  but 
have  no  place  in  the  scheme  of  nicely  sand- 
blasted glass.  Wonders  can  be  worked  in 
the  form  of  imitation  hand  carving  on 
wood  with  hard  stencils.  Unfortunately  the 
design  must  be  a  stencil  design  and,  as 
such,  it  always  looks  like — a  stencil. 

Good  examples  of  "carving"  are  ob- 
tained by  coating  wood  with  a  compound, 
sandblasting  in  the  ordinary  manner  to 
nearly  the  required  depth,  then  letting  the 
artistic  temperament  have  full  sway;  "bear- 
ing down"  and  "burning"  the  edges  of  the 


design  with  the  full  force  of  the  sandblast 
to  make  rough  and  "weatherworn"  edges. 
Fine  work  on  wood  is  done  first  by  cover- 
ing it  with  shellac  or  lacquer,  then  proceed- 
ing in  the  same  manner  used  on  glass. 

Stencil  Knives  Needed  to  Cut 

The  properly  executed  design  done  on 
tough  tracing  paper  or  a  good  grade  of 
kraft  is  pierced  with  a  needle  or  perforat- 
ing wheel.  Then  the  rough  perforations 
are  smoothed  off  the  reverse  side  with  sand 
paper.  Placed  on  the  surface  of  the  com- 
pound with  proper  allowance  at  the  edges 
for  setting,  the  design  is  transferred  by 
means  of  a  pounce  bag — a  small  cloth  sack 
filled  with  powdered  charcoal,  chalk  or 
talc — which  is  tapped  lightly  over  the  sur- 


Philippine  mahogany  doors  in  private  dwelling.  Light  por- 
tion is  original  surface  of  door.  Panels  are  shellacked,  cov- 
ered with  compound  and  sandblasted  .  Background  stained, 
leaving  design  in  light  relief. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    43    ► 


AUGUST.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


face.  Although  the  compound  is  as  easily 
cut  as  cheese,  sharp  stencil  knives  are 
needed  to  cut  sharp,  clear  lines.  Each 
small  rough  spot  or  shred  left  in  a  line  will 
show  plainly  on  the  finished  glass.  The 
knife  is  held  perpendicularly,  lightly  and 
firmly;  and  the  lines  of  the  design  are  fol- 
lowed. If  they  are  followed  exactly,  by  a 
novice,  as  they  often  are,  the  result  will  oe 
a  stiff,  crude  line  caused  by  natural  devi- 
ations made  in  perforating  the  drawing. 
If  the  knife  is  held  incorrectly,  curved  lines 
will  be  undercut  or  overcut,  making  thin 
spots  in  the  compound  and  rough, 
"burned"  edges  in  the  finished  piece.  All 
lines,  all  processes,  are  cut  at  the  same 
time.  But  only  that  part  of  the  compound 
covering  the  portion  of  the  design  which 
is  to  be  sandblasted  deepest  is  removed  at 
first.  The  glass  is  taken  to  the  sandblast 
room  and  the  exposed  part  is  sandblasted, 
(in  a  three-process  design),  to  about  one- 
third  of  the  required  depth.   The  compound 


Bank    counter    screens    of    tapestry     (obscure)     plate    glass 
sandblasted  with  one  deep  cut. 


covering  the  medium  depth  is  then  removed 
and  the  sandblasting  is  done  to  about  one- 
half  of  its  required  depth.  The  first,  or 
deepest  cut,  still  exposed  to  the  sandblast 
is  "hammered"  in  a  little  deeper.  The  same 
procedure  is  used  for  the  third  or  lightest 
depth;  usually  called  surface  sandblast  or 
"frosting."  When  it  is  sandblasted  the  first 
two  processes  are  cut  deeper  into  the  sur- 
face. More  than  three  depths  are  imprac- 
tical in  most  commercial  v/ork. 

Variations  in  texture  are  obtained  by 
using  different  grades  of  sand  and  different 
air  pressures.  Pressures  up  to  150  pounds 
to  the  square  inch  are  used,  but  seldom  for 
fine  work.  Between  40  and  60  pounds  is 
enough  for  sharp,  clearly  etched  outlines. 
Coarse  sand  cuts  faster  than  fine  sand — 
and  it  cuts  more  crudely,  too.  Some  of  the 
best  examples  of  sandblasted  glass  are 
made  with  air  pressures  of  forty  pounds 
or  less,  using  the  dust  from  previously  used 
sand.  Aluminum  oxide  grits  and  steel  grits 
are  often  used  for  the  actual  sandblasting 
in  place  of  dusty,  unsanitary  sand. 

Sandblasting,  under  ideal  conditions,  is 
done  in  a  room  equipped  with  forced  venti- 
lation for  dust  removal.  The  operator  wears 
a  respirator  underneath  a  helmet  which  is 
supplied  with  clean  air. 

Sandblasting  machinery  is  either  of  the 
direct  pressure  type  in  which  air  and  sand 
are  mixed  in  the  machine  before  expulsion 
through  a  hose,  or  the  suction  type  in  which 
sand  from  a  container  is  inducted  to  the 
nozzle  of  a  gun  by  a  partial  vacuum  formed 
at  the  meeting  point  of  air  and  sand  in  the 
gun.  Direct  pressure  systems,  faster  than 
suction  systems,  control  air  pressure  at  the 
machine.  Suction  systems  control  it  at  the 
nozzle  by  means  of  a  trigger  or  valve  on 
the  gun. 
Specifications  to  Insure  Good  Work 

Specifications  such  as  the  following,  if 
included  in  the  general  contract,  might  help 
to  avoid  the  common  errors  and  misunder- 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    4^    ► 


AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIPTY-FOUR 


standings  that  sometimes  arise  between  the 
builder,  the  architect,  the  draftsman  and 
the  sandblaster: 

"Glass  used  shall  be  furnished  by  (glass 
contractor)  (or  sandblaster)  and  shall  be 
(first-class)  (salvage)  (quarter-inch 
American  plate)  (three-sixteenths  sheet) 
glass  and  is  to  be  installed  by  (glass  con- 
tractor) (sandblaster)  in  first-class  con- 
dition. 

"The  work  shall  be  (one)   (two)   (three) 

process  work. 

"Air  pressures  of  not  more  than  (40) 
(60)  (80)  pounds  shall  be  used,  in  con- 
junction with  a  sandblast  nozzle  of  not 
more  than  (1/16)  {%)  {%)  inch  di- 
ameter orifice. 

(Note:  larger  nozzles  use  more  air  at 
higher  pressures  and  cover  too  much  area 
at  one  time  [or  controlled,  fine  work.) 

"(40)  (60)  (80)  mesh,  or  screen,  sand 
or  metallic  grits  shall  be  used  for  deepest 

process;  mesh  sand  for  second  process; 

mesh  sand  for  final,  or  surface,  process. 

(Note:  40  mesh  sand  is  coarse,  80  is  fine.) 

"The  glass  shall  be  covered  in  two  coats 
with  a  protective  resistant  compound,  ap- 
plied heated. 

"Each  piece  and  each  process  shall  be  cut 
by  hand. 

"Ragged  or  chipped  outlines  will  be  re- 
jected. 

"The  work  shall  be  done  rom  detailed 
drawings  made  (or  approved)  by  the 
architect. 

"The  deepest  process  shall  be  cut  into 
the  surface  of  the  glass  to  a  depth  of  about 

inch.    The  second  or  medium  process 

shall  be  cut  in  to  a  deptii  of  about inch. 

The  final,  or  surface  process  shall  be  cut 

to   a  depth  of  about  inch.     (Or  shall 

merely  obscure  the  surface  of  the  glass. ) 

"Glass  for  sandblasting  shall  be  fur- 
nished by  this  contractor  ( i[  the  sandblast- 
er) and  he  shall  be  held  responsible  for  its 
quality,  appearance  and  installation." 

Where  Sandblasted  Glass  is  Used 

Sandblasted  glass  is  used  on  commercial 
buildings     in     transoms,     show    windows. 


valances,  counter  screens,  entrance,  ele- 
vator and  theatre  doors,  lighting  fixtures, 
signs,  partitions,  show  cases,  mirrors. 
clock  dials,  side,  ceiling  and  sky  lights. 

In  dwellings  it  is  used  on  bathroom 
walls,  windows  and  shower  doors,  studio 
windows,  light  fixtures,  table  and  dresser 
tops,  mirrors,  doors,  partitions  and  walls. 

Wood  is  "antiqued"  or  designed  and 
used  on  furniture  wall  panels,  mouldings, 
doors,  beams,  counters,  risers,  built-in  fix- 
tures, mantles  and  ceilings. 

Cast  aluminum  and  brightly  plated 
metals  for  signs  and  lighting  fixtures  lend 
themselves  well  to  sandblast  and  can  be 
further  decorated  with  color  or  by  re- 
plating. 

Where  the  process  was  originally  used 
on  marble  and  granite  tombstones  to  carve 
"In  Memoriams,"  it  now  decorates  the 
same  materials  for  modern  architecture. 


Store  front  modernized  with  sandblasted  glass  entrance 
doors,  transoms,  side  lights,  valences  ,and  mirrors.  Valences 
and  transom  lights  are  further  decorated  with  transparent 
colors. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    45    ► 


AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


THE  FORUM.  ROME 

PHOTO  BY  DR.  EMIL  MAYER  IN  PHOTO  ART  MONTHLY 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


■^     46     ^      AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


N 


a  I 


by  H.  E.  Hall,  Architect 
^-    in    Pencil    Points   -i- 


III  OVERY  one  knows  what 
a  nail  is  and  how  it  is  used,  yet  there  are 
very  few  who  know  exactly  what  size  and 
style  nail  to  use  for  a  given  type  of  work. 

Among  architects  and  draftsmen  there 
exists  much  misconception  as  to  the  real  im- 
portance of  the  nail  and  through  many 
years  of  practice  I  have  seldom  seen  the 
subject  touched  on  in  an  architect's  "Speci- 
fication," yet  there  are  whole  pages  on  the 
grade  of  sand  to  be  used. 

Of  the  numerous  items  that  ento  into  the 
fabrication  of  a  building,  particularly  the 
frame,  the  nail  is  by  far  the  most  impor- 
tant, yet  the  orchitect  or  draftsman  never 
attempts  to  give  instruction  as  to  what  type 
should  be  used:  and  on  being  asked  why 
not  they  invariably  reply,  "It's  a  job  con- 
dition," or,  "Let  the  carpenter  worry  about 
it,  he  knows."  And  that's  where  most  of 
the  trouble  lies,  the  carpenter  does  not 
always  know.  Then  again,  nails  vary  in 
cost  and  it  may  be  to  the  carpenter's  ad- 
vantage to  save  a  few  cents,  and  further, 
the  carpenter  does  not  carry  an  assortment 
with  him  and  would  be  inclined  to  use  what 
he  had  to  save  steps. 

In  presenting  this  subject  I  shall  attempt 
to  show  in  a  brief  way  how  to  estimate  the 
quantity  of  nails  required  for  certain  work, 


and  give  a  general  rule  for  the  use  of  nails. 
Nails  are  classified  by  length,  weight,  and 
size,  this  classification  being  given  in  "pen- 
nies." originating  in  the  old  English  term 
"Pence,"  which  in  past  days  referred  to  the 
price  per  hundred  nails.  Thus  a  two-penny 
nail  cost  two  pence  per  hundred,  while  the 
four-penny  nail  cost  four  pence  per 
hundred. 

Nails  starts  at  two-penny,  or  one  inch  in 
length,  and  increase  by  fractions  of  an  inch, 
thus:  three-penny,  \%" — four-penny, 
^Vl" — five-penny,  1%" — six-penny,  2" — 
etc.,  a  twenty-penny  being  4"  long,  up  to 
sixty-penny,  the  larger  sizes  being  desig- 
nated by  fractions  of  an  inch.  This  is  true 
of  both  cut  and  wire  nails. 

While  the  holding  power  of  wood  varies 
greatly,  the  following  figures  will  tend  to 
give  some  idea  as  to  the  holding  power  or 
friction  of  nails  in  general,  and  a  compari- 
son of  cut  and  wire  nails. 

Pounds  required  to  pull  the  nail. 
Cut  nail  Wire  nail 


Size 

4d 

6d 

8d 

lOd 

20d 


286 
383 
597 
905 
1593 


123 
200 
227 
315 
703 


It  will  be  seen  that  the  cut  nail  has  by 
far  the  greater  holding  power,  but,  owing 


^    47   ► 


to  its   great   tendency   to   split   the   wood, 

nailing  with  the  wire  nail  is  more  frequently 

desirable. 

The  following  tabulation  shows  the  size. 

length,  and  number  of  nails  per  pound. 

Common  Casing  Finishing 
nails  per  nails  per  nails  per 


Size 

Length 

pound 

pound 

pounc 

2d 

1"' 

876 

1010 

1351 

3d 

IK" 

568 

635 

807 

4d 

IK2" 

316 

473 

584 

5d 

1%" 

271 

406 

500 

6d 

2" 

181 

236 

309 

7d 

2K" 

161 

210 

238 

8d 

2V2" 

106 

145 

189 

9d 

2K" 

96 

132 

172 

lOd 

3" 

69 

94 

121 

1 2d 

3J4" 

63 

]6d 

3^2" 

49 

20d 

4" 

31 

Nails  are  usually  packed  one  hundred 
pounds  per  keg. 

I  have  found,  through  careful  study,  and 
by  analyyzing  a  number  of  operations,  that 
the  most  practical  uses  for  nails,  as  regards 
their  sizes,  holding  power,  and  tendency  to 
split  (where  special  conditions  arise,  a 
slight  variance  can  usually  be  made),  are 
as  follows: 

4d  finishing.  For  carpet  strips,  door 
stops,  window  steps,  small  wood  moulding 
and  members  34"  ^'^  Yl'  thick. 

3d  box  nails.    For  siding  J4"  thick. 

8d  box  nails.   For  siding  %"  thick. 

8d  cut  flooring  nails.  For  13  16"  and 
K"  flooring,  hard  and  soft  wood. 

4d  casing  nails.  For  %"  flooring  and 
finished  lumber  up  to  j/^". 

8d  casing  nails.  For  1"  outside  trim  and 
porch  work. 

lOd  casing  nails.  For  door  and  window 
frames,  and  all  134"  outside  trim. 

3d  fine.  For  wood  lath.  (Should  be 
blued.) 


1"  staples.  For  wke  lath  for  inside  tile 
work. 

/J4"  staples.  For  outside  wire  lath. 
(Stucco.)     (Should  be  galvanized.) 

■3d  galvanized.    For  shingles. 

■id  galvanized.    For  shingles. 

3d  common.  (Blued.)  For  all  plaster 
board. 

8d  common.  For  drop  siding,  bungalow 
siding,  novelty  siding,  and  all  rough  1" 
lumber. 

lOd  common.  For  all  toe  nailing,  and 
2x4  stud  framing. 

16d  common.  For  all  heavy  framing 
work. 

20d  common.  For  spiking  girders,  plates, 
sills,  etc. 

It  will  be  found  that  there  are  very  few 
conditions  where  nails  other  than  those 
mentioned  will  be  required. 

Where  salt  air  is  encountered  the  6d,  7d 
and  8d  cement-coated  common  nail  should 
be  used  for  siding,  the  thicker  the  siding 
the  longer  the  nail. 

For  outside  copper  and  leader  work  the 
1"  fifteen-pound  nail  (copper)  should  be 
used. 

The  following  is  an  accurate  method 
that  I  have  used  for  arriving  at  the  total 
amount  of  nails  of  each  size  and  class 
necessary  for  an  entire  job,  take  the  com- 
bined total  in  board  feet  of  the  sheathing, 
sub-flooring  and  roof  boards,  multiply  this 
total  by  thirty-three  pounds  per  thousand 
(1000)  board  feet,  and  we  have  the  num- 
ber of  pounds  of  8d  common  nails  required 
for  the  job,  not  including  that  required  for 
beaded  ceiling,  or  beaded  partition  which 
is  figured  extra. 

Multiply  the  amount  in  pounds  (of  8d 
common  nails)  by  0.333  and  you  have  the 
number  of  pounds  of  lOd  common  nails 
required. 

Using  the  original  figure,  we  again  mul- 
tiply by  0.900  and  get  a  total  in  pounds, 
half  of  which  represents  the  16d  common 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    48    ► 


AUGUST.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


nails   required   and  half   the  20d  common  137  pounds  8d  common  nails 

nails  required.  required. 

Example:  137  x  .333  equals  48  pounds  ot   lOd  nails 

Sheathing       1650  B.F.  required. 

Sub-flooring  1200  B.F.  137  x  .900  equals  123  pounds  divided  by 
Roof  boards  1000   B.F.  two,  equals  62  pounds  of  16d  nails— 
.  62  pounds  of  20d  nails. 


3850  B.F.  X  33=1000  equals 


1 6  lbs 


QUANTITY  OF  NAILS  REQUIRED  TO  PERFORM 
VARIOUS  CLASSES  OF  WORK 
8  lbs.      3d  galvanized  nails  required  for  1000  24"  4/2  shingles 

5  lbs.     3d  "  ■       ■'     16"  5/2 

6|^  lbs.  3d  fine  ' lath 

islbs.     6d  box  "  "  "        "         feetbeveledsiding/.  x3j. 

14  lbs.  6d  ••        "     "     "   "   ;;     ;;     ;;  hx5m 

20  lbs.     8d     '• 

30  lbs.     8d  common        "  "  "        "     drop  siding 

30  lbs.      8d  cut  flooring  ' D  &  M  flooring 

30  lbs.     8d "  "        "      13/16  flooring 

15  lbs.     8d  common         "  * 1  x  2  furring  strips 

20  lbs.     3d  blue  "  plaster  board 

8d  casings  '  ^i"-  ^*-  outside  mould  and  trim 

4  lbs.      8d  finishing        "  inside  trim 

15  lbs.     6d  '■  sq.  ft.  beaded  ceiling 

25  lbs.     8d  common         '         "         partition 

If  this  basis  is  used  thoughout,  there  should  never  be  a  perceptible 
amount  of  shortage  or  surplus  on  any  job  figured. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      "^      49     ►      AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


^t>JSiU 


^A 


PENCIL  SKETCH  BY  CHAS.  E.  PETERSON 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      50     ^      AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Subsistence 
Homesteads 

by      David     Weeks 


P, 


REVIOUS  to  the 
undertaking  in  1931  of  the  El  Dorado 
County  Land  Utilization  Investigations  by 
the  Giannini  Foundation  and  the  United 
States  Forest  Service,  little  thought  had 
been  given  in  California  to  the  possibilities 
of  combining  the  returns  from  lumbering, 
mining,  agriculture,  manufacturing  and  rec- 
reation into  a  substantial  and  permanent 
livelihood  for  the  residents  of  the  foothill 
areas. 

Because  of  the  many  phases  of  the  land- 
use  planning  problem,  even  an  adequate 
summary  of  the  results  of  the  El  Dorado 
County  Investigations  cannot  be  given 
here.  Probably  of  greater  interest  will  be 
a  description  of  a  proposed  initial  step  in 
carrying  out  the  more  comprehensive  pro- 
gram suggested  by  the  results  of  the  sur- 
vey. This  initial  step,  arrangements  for 
which  are  nearing  completion,  involves  the 
development  of  a  rural  industrial  area,  in- 
cluding subsistence  homesteads  for  part- 
time  industrial  workers.  The  significance 
of  this  initial  step  can  better  be  appreci- 
ated, however,  if  preceded  by  some  attempt 
at  describing  the  comprehensive  plan. 
Plan  of  Land  Utilization 
Briefly,  a  program  of  utilization  was 
drawn  up  for  each  of  five  areas  comprising 

Part  of  a  paper  read  before  the  recent  Western   Conference  on   Govern- 
ment at  the  University  of  California,  Berkeley. 


all  the  lands  of  the  county.  This  economic 
classification  was  based  upon  detailed  an- 
alysis of  character  of  the  land  and  a  study 
of  costs  and  returns  involved  in  present  and 
possible  uses  of  the  different  areas.  Con- 
clusions reached  on  the  basis  of  these  facts 
represent  the  combined  judgment  of  many 
individuals. 

Among  the  more  important  suggestions 
outlined  in  the  program  for  the  different 
areas  may  be  mentioned  a  proposal  for 
Federal  acquisition  of  more  than  250,000 
acres  of  privately  owned  land,  60  per  cent 
of  which  was  in  farms  in  1931,  the  gradual 
zoning  of  this  area  for  uses  such  as  timber 
production  and  grazing  not  requiring  a 
resident  population;  the  concentration  of 
population  in  areas  adapted  to  intensive 
fruit  and  livestock  farming;  the  fostering 
of  local  manufacturing  industries  where 
local  resources  and  markets  justify  such 
development;  the  reorganization  of  fruit 
farms  to  more  completely  supply  the  food 
requirements  of  the  family  operating  it  and 
at  the  same  time  introduce  cropping  meth- 
ods that  will  reduce  soil  erosion;  and  the 
reorganization  of  the  livestock  farms,  in 
certain  localities,  on  a  basis  of  providing  a 
more  adequate  supply  of  supplementary 
livestock  feed,  and  in  others  by  more  eco- 
nomical utilization  of  mountain  range,  and 
by  consolidation  of  livestock  farms  in 
larger  holdings. 


^    51    ► 


Drastic  Action  Justified 

The  resources  upon  which  the  El  Do- 
rado County  manufacturing  industries  have 
been  dependent  have  been  subjected  to 
destruction  because  their  potential  value 
has  not  been  appreciated  and  because  the 
slow  process  of  depletion  has  taken  place 
unnoticed. 

Costs  of  government  in  sparsely  popu- 
lated areas  have  been  excessive.  Liberal 
appropriation  for  schools  without  adequate 
zoning  of  rural  areas  have  resulted  in  scat- 
tering of  schools  over  extensive  areas  that 
should  not  be  populated  at  all. 

The  state  tax  on  gasoline  provides  a 
fund  which  too  frequently  is  used  to  main- 
tain population  in  areas  such  as  these  at  a 
greater  cost  to  the  public  than  would  be 
required  to  pension  these  people  for  life. 

They  are  employed  to  construct  and 
maintain  the  roads  used  primarily  by  them- 
selves. The  same  money  could  be  used  to 
employ  the  same  people  to  construct  roads 
of  greater  importance.  Large  areas  are 
thus  brought  into  and  kept  in  agricultural 
use  that  are  better  suited  to  the  production 
of  timber,  extensive  grazing  or  some  form 
of  recreation. 

Through  lack  of  appreciation  of  the  dev- 
astating effects  of  soil  erosion,  hillsides 
have  been  plowed  and  left  unprotected. 
Many  farmers  have  staked  their  savings  of 
a  life  time  in  the  future  of  a  single  fruit- 
farming  enterprise  and  have  failed  because 
of  the  changed  outlook  for  a  market  which 
they  could  not  foresee.  Irrigation  projects 
financed  by  bond  issues  in  a  period  of  pros- 
perity have  defaulted  in  the  payment  of 
financial  obligations. 

Face  Many  Problems 
To  carry  out  certain  phases  of  the  pro- 
gram will  require  several  years.  Others 
may  be  realized  in  a  much  shorter  time. 
Through  the  foothill  region  the  populations 
probably  can  gradually  be  concentrated  in 
selected  areas  by  public  acquisition  of  land. 


giving  adequate  compensation  to,  and  safe- 
guarding the  future  of  those  who  are  re- 
quired to  give  up  their  present  occupation 
and  mode  of  living;  by  a  more  practical  sys- 
tem of  locating  rural  schools;  by  a  wiser 
alocation  of  road  funds;  by  a  careful  classi- 
fication of  tax  delinquent  lands,  keeping 
areas  unsuited  to  private  use  out  of  private 
ownership;  by  further  adjustment  of  sys- 
tems of  assessments  for  taxation  purposes; 
by  a  vigorous  educational  campaign  to  en- 
courage farm  practices  which  are  consist- 
ent with  desirable  types  of  utilization  and 
by  shaping  credit  policies  toward  the  at- 
tainment of  the  desired  objectives. 

In  El  Dorado  County  an  informed  vol- 
untary committee  has  been  established 
upon  which  is  represented  the  leaders  of 
the  county,  from  the  lumber,  fruit,  sheep, 
cattle  and  mining  interests,  pledged  to 
guide  the  county  in  carrying  out  its  pro- 
gram. 

The  Proposed  Initial  Step 

A  more  concrete  idea  of  the  significance 
of  the  comprehensive  program  of  land 
utilization  for  the  county  can  be  obtained 
by  considering  the  different  features  of  the 
proposed  initial  step. 

At  Diamond  Springs,  California,  which 
is  about  the  center  of  EI  Dorado  County, 
there  are  situated  two  manufacturing  in- 
dustries. One  of  these  is  a  lumber  mill, 
which,  because  of  market  and  financial  con- 
ditions, has  been  unable  to  operate  for  a 
period  of  three  years.  The  other  is  a  lime 
plant  which  has  continued  to  operate,  but 
because  of  code  regulations  and  market 
conditions  employment  has  been  less  con- 
stant for  most  of  the  employees  than  dur- 
ing previous  years.  The  lumber  mill  em- 
ployed more  than  300  men  when  in  full 
operation.  If  this  mill  should  resume  its 
previous  logging  schedule  it  would  cut  out 
its  present  stand  of  timber  in  about  eight 
years  and  leave  a  permanent  gap  in  the 
county,  and  a  decadent  community. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    52    ► 


AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


It  is  proposed  that  this  mill  be  reorgan- 
ized and  refinanced  on  a  permanent  basis 
by  some  form  of  credit  and  the  consolida- 
tion of  its  timber  holdings  with  other  priv- 
ate virgin  and  cut-over  public  lands,  in- 
cluding a  considerable  area  of  submarg- 
inal  farm  lands  under  Federal  ov^^nership 
or  regulation. 

A  report  on  several  possible  plans  of 
financing  and  reorganization  has  been  pre- 
pared by  the  United  States  Forest  Service, 
and  these  plans  are  under  consideration  at 
the  present  time  in  Washington. 

If  the  industries  of  Diamond  Springs  can 
be  placed  on  a  permanent  basis  not  only  is 
a  permanent  community  sure  to  result  but 
the  values  have  been  created  which  will 
serve  as  security  for  long  term  credit  need- 
ed for  some  home  construction. 

Homesteads  Planned 
Through  cooperation  of  the  Civil  Works 
Administration  a  professional  staff  has 
been  made  available  for  the  planning  of  a 
Subsistence  Homesteads  Project,  for  the 
Diamond  Springs  Industrial  area.  With 
the  services  of  this  organization  it  has  been 
possible  to  make  a  topographic  survey  and 
investigate  the  probable  costs  and  organ- 
ization necessary  to  insure  an  adequate 
water  supply  for  the  proposed  industrial 
area,  to  plan  and  make  estimates  of  cost 
for  a  water  distribution  system  within  the 
project,  to  work  out  a  scheme  of  subdivi- 
sion, to  plan  and  estimate  costs  of  building 
construction  and  to  work  out  a  plan  of 
financing  through  the  Federal  Subsistence 
Homesteads  Corporation. 

Members  of  this  professional  staff  of 
engineers  and  architects  have  been  placed 
in  various  divisions  of  the  University  of 
California  and  in  certain  offices  of  the  Fed- 
eral Government  where,  through  a  uni- 
versal spirit  of  cooperation,  every  aid  has 
been  given  to  make  the  plan  a  success. 

Architectural  advice  and  drawings  have 


been  freely  given  by  the  Division  of  Agri- 
cultural Engineering,  and  examination  of 
the  soils  has  been  made  by  the  Division  of 
Soil  Technology,  irrigation  studies  have 
been  carried  on  in  the  Division  of  Irriga- 
tion Investigations,  the  subdivision  plan 
has  been  worked  out  in  cooperation  with 
the  Division  of  Landscape  Architecture,  all 
in  the  University  of  California.  The  Na- 
tional Park  Service  and  the  Federal  Bur- 
eau of  Agricultural  Engineering  have  co- 
operated in  the  preparation  of  relief  models 
and  in  problems  of  irrigation  organization 
respectively. 

The  Housing  Problem 

The  architects  employed  to  work  on  the 
house  plans  were  compelled  to  work  within 
very  definite  limitations.  They  were  re- 
stricted to  a  maximum  value  of  $3,000  for 
land,  buildings  and  other  improvements, 
including  all  labor.  They  were  held  to  a 
maximum  credit  allowance  of  $2,000.  They 
must  provide  shelter  for  automobile,  wood, 
chickens  and  a  cow.  In  addition  the  desires 
of  the  individual  families  were  to  be  con- 
sidered in  detail,  and  the  pioneer  architec- 
ture of  the  gold  rush  period  was  to  receive 
expression.  Families  having  as  many  as 
eight  children  must  be  given  sleeping  ac- 
commodations. Moreover,  the  homes  must 
be  modern,  well  ventilated  and  of  durable 
construction.  As  a  means  to  this  end  eigh- 
teen families  were  selected  from  those  ex- 
pecting to  take  advantage  of  the  proposed 
development  representing  small  and  large 
families  with  low  incomes,  and  small  and 
large  families  with  better  incomes.  Most 
of  these  families  have  had  plans  for  a 
future  home  in  their  minds  for  years.  Their 
economic  situation,  costs,  and  standards  of 
living,  and  minimum  requirements  for 
sleeping  space,  constituted  the  basis  for  the 
plans  which  were  drawn  up  for  these  spe- 
cific families. 

[Please  turn  to  Page  56] 


;  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      55      ►      AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Photo  by  S.  C.  Long  Prod 


LOOKING  ACROSS  THE  GOLDEN  GATE  FROM  THE  OLD  FORT 
POINT-SAN  FRANCISCO  SIDE,  SHOWING  MARIN  TOWER  BEING 
COMPLETED  TO  RECEIVE  THE  CABLE  SADDLES  IN  SEPTEMBER. 
PYLON  G-Q  1  IN  THE  FOREGROUND. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    54    ► 


AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTV-FOUR 


G.  G.  Bridge 

Ready     for     Cable     S  a  d  d  les 


^ORK  on  the  south 
pier  fender  of  the'Co'lden  Gate  Bridge  is 
moving  ahead  at  a  rapid  pace,  according 
to  Chief  Engineer  Joseph  B.  Srauss. 

With  42,372  cubic  yards  of  concrete, 
weighing  over  84,000  tons,  poured  up  to 
August  1,  18  of  the  22  units  of  the  ellip- 
tical structure  have  been  completed  or  are 
nearing  completion,  and  the  steel  working 
trestle  has  been  extended  over  these.  Of 
the  18  units  two  have  been  concreted  to 
their  final  elevation  of  15  feet  above  water 
level.  Six  are  concreted  to  a  point  20  feet 
below  water  level;  eight  have  been  con- 
creted to  a  point  40  feet  below  water  level 
and  two  have  been  concreted  to  a  point 
60  feet  below  water  level. 

Concrete  has  been  poured  in  the  base 
section  for  the  nineteenth  unit  and  the 
bases  for  but  three  more  units  remain  to  be 
placed. 

Application  of  the  second  field  coat  of 
paint  on  the  Marin  tower  was  commenced 
during  the  week.  This  is  a  bright  color  so 
that  it  will  be  easily  distinguishable  from 
the  previous  coat.  Meanwhile,  the  erec- 
tion of  the  portal  enclosure  for  strut  No.  2 
of  the  tower  has  been  commenced  by  the 
steel  contractors. 

During  the  past  month  an  average  of 
1100  men  were  employed  on  the  Golden 
Gate  Bridge  job  itself  and  in  the  shops, 


mills  and  other  plants  throughout  the  bay 
district,  furnishing  material  for  the  bridge. 
With  borings  under  way  at  the  site  of 
the  low  viaduct  piers  on  the  Presidio  ap- 
proach road,  it  is  expected  that  actual  con- 
struction of  the  viaduct  will  commence 
shortly.  A  crew  of  carpenters  has  been  en- 
gaged during  the  week  in  building  forms 
for  the  piers  and  roadway  deck  of  the  high 
viaduct,  work  on  which  is  proceeding  with- 
out interruption. 

In  the  eastern  shops  work  on  the  tower 
saddles  is  underway,  while  in  the  John  A. 
Reobling  Sons  plant  at  Trenton,  New  Jer- 
sey, the  work  of  drawing  cable  wire  is 
progressing  on  a  fast  schedule,  with  8,032 
tons  or  37.4  per  cent  of  the  total  completed 
and  stored. 

The  great  protective  fender  of  the  south 
pier  of  the  Golden  Gate  Bridge  is  now 
closed,  forming  a  mighty  ring  of  steel  and 
concrete  at  the  bottom  of  the  harbor  en- 
trance, 1 100  feet  off  Fort  Point.  Closing  of 
the  fender  base  marks  the  accomplishment 
of  one  of  the  most  difficult  foundation  jobs 
ever  attempted  by  man. 

With  the  final  three  base  units  of  the 
fender  nearing  completion,  the  steel  work- 
ing trestle  now  extends  over  19  units.  Al- 
most 100,000  tons  of  concrete  have  been 
poured  on  the  fender  to  date  and  opera- 
tions are  progressing  at  the  rate  of  85  cubic 
yards  of  concrete  per  hour,  the  pouring  con- 
tinuing over  a  24-hour  period. 


^    55    ► 


SUBSISTENCE  HOMESTEADS 

[Concluded  from  Page  53] 


In  some  cases  standard  plans  of  the 
Division  of  Agricultural  Engineering  of  the 
University  of  California  were  adaptable 
with  little  change. 

Rehabilitation  of  Water  Project 

In  order  to  provide  the  industries  and 
residents  of  the  industrial  area  and  the 
Subsistence  Homesteads  project  with  an 
adequate  water  supply  it  has  been  neces- 
sary to  prepare  engineering  plans  for  the 
rehabilitation  and  reorganization  of  the 
Diamond  Ridge  Water  Company.  Be- 
cause of  the  persistent  demand  for  a  late 
season  water  supply  many  speculative  pro- 
posals have  been  made  to  extend  this  sys- 
tem far  beyond  economic  limits.  The  plans 
set  up  in  connection  with  the  proposed  in- 
dustrial area  would  involve  the  carrying 
out  of  modest  improvements  to  supply  ex- 
isting needs  only. 

If  the  Diamond  Springs  industrial  area 
project  can  be  carried  out  successfully  it 
will  stand  as  an  example  of  similar  projects 
that  may  be  planned  on  a  much  larger  scale 
elsewhere.  It  will  illustrate  how  future 
value  of  forest  conservation  and  sustained 
yield  operations  of  lumber  industries  can 
be  translated  into  present  values  and  pres- 
ent benefits.  It  will  demonstrate  how  the 
utilization  of  land  for  forestry  and  mineral 
production  in  one  part  of  the  county  may 
be  complimentary  to  a  different  type  of 
utilization  in  another  part  of  the  county.  It 
will  integrate  the  returns  from  the  use  of 
land  for  forestry,  mineral  production  and 
agriculture  in  such  a  manner  that  in  the 
aggregate  they  will  be  sufficient  to  perma- 
nently maintain  a  community.  Only  upon 
the  basis  of  such  a  permanence  can  a  sat- 
isfactory social  structure  be  built. 


Calculated  Lateral  Resistance 

OF  45^  Diagonal  Sheathing 

Bij  A.  L.  Brinckman 


HE  use  of  diagonal  sheathing  in  con- 
structing wind  and  earthquake  resist- 
ance members  in  frame  buildings  is  often 
found  to  be  an  economical  and  practical 
solution  for  many  bracing  problems  that 
occur.  The  development  of  constants  given 
below  is  offered  for  comment  and  seems  to 
be  a  useful  form  in  which  to  present  such 
material  to  architects  and  engineers. 
«         ♦        • 

Conditions  and  Assumptions 

1 — In  platform  framing,  when  only  one 
side  is  diagonally  sheathed,  the  only  ef- 
fective sheathing  is  that  which  is  con- 
tinuous from  mud  sill  or  sole  plate  to 
the  main  sill  or  top  plates  next  above, 
as  the  case  may  be.  If  solid  boards  are 
not  used,  butt  joints  must  be  staggered 
two  studs  apart.  At  each  floor  level  a 
y-,"  break  must  be  provided,  along  the 
horizontal  center  line  of  the  floor  joists, 
to  compensate  for  the  possible  future 
vertical  shrinkage  of  the  frame. 

2 — In  balloon  framing,  when  only  one  side 
is  diagonally  sheathed,  the  only  effec- 
tive sheathing  is  that  which  is  contin- 
uous from  mud  sill  or  floor  level  to  the 
floor  level  next  above,  as  the  case  may 
be.  Butt  joints  must  be  spaced  two 
studs  apart. 

3 — In  both  types  of  framing,  openings  not 
over  three  feet  in  greatest  dimension 
may  be  considered  to  be  solid  wall,  as 
the  framing  around  such  openings  is 
sufficiently  stiff  to  transfer  forces  to  the 
sheathing  attached  to  such  framing. 

4 — In  both  types  of  framing,  when  the 
walls  are  diagonally  sheathed  on  both 
sides,  the  effective  sheathing  is  that 
which  is  not  interrupted  by  openings 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      •^      56     ►       AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


over  three  feet  in  greatest  dimension, 
regardless  of  whether  the  sheathing  is 
continuous  from  plate  to  plate  or  from 
floor  level  to  floor  level,  or  not.    This 
is  because  the  sheathing  must  be  ap- 
plied   in    opposite    directions,    at    right 
angles,  on  opposite  sides  of  the  wall, 
and  therefore  at  vertical  framing  mem- 
bers around  openings,  a   "knee"   type 
brace  is  formed,  which  is  fully  effective 
for  forces  in  either  direction. 
5 — The  nailing,  both  as  to  size  of  nails  and 
frequency    per    board,    is    to    be    the 
same  in  the  studding  as  in  the  horizon- 
tal framing. 
6 — The  nails  so  placed  are  assumed  to  be 
equally  effective  in   the   studding   and 
plates  whether  the  boards  are  in  ten- 
sion or  compression. 
7 — A    nail    placed    anywhere    in    a    board 
which  is  inclined  at  an  angle  of  A  to 
the  horizontal  has  a  horizontal  resist- 
ance of  p(cos  A)  and  a  vertical  resist- 
ance of  p  ( sin  A )  pounds,  where  p  is  the 
holding  or  shearing  power  of  the  nail 
as  given  in  Sec.  615  of  "Appendix  A" 
issued  April  10.   1933,  by  the  Depart- 
ment of  Public  Works,  State  of  Cali- 
fornia.   It  is  also  assumed  that  the  val- 
ues given  in  this  section  include  a  fac- 
tor of  safety  of  4  in  redwood  and  6  in 
D.F.  or  O.P. 
8 — Vertical   reactions   are  assumed   to  be 
resisted  by  the  dead  loads  above  the 
wall,  plus  the  dead  load  of  the  wall  it- 


self,   and  or    any    additional    "tying- 
down"  necessary,  such  as  bolted-down 
mud  sills. 
Notation 

h     nominal  width  of  sheathing,  in  inches, 
d      horizontal  component  of  b. 
n     number  of  nails  per  board  at  each  plate 

or  floor  line. 
p     shearing  or  holding  power  of  one  nail 

in  redwood  or  D.F.  or  O.P. 
p'     horizontal  component  of  p. 
e     increase  factor  for  EQK  or  wind,  (<:'A/3. 
h     horizontal  resistance  of  one  board. 
S     number  of  boards  in  length  B'. 
H    resistance    of    boards    in    length    B    to 

horizontal  forces. 
Bi   net   length  of  effective  wall   for  walls 

sheathed  both  sides. 
Bi;  net   length  of   effective  wall    for  walls 

sheathed  both  sides. 
Ri     factor  for  walls  sheathed  one  side  only. 
Rj    factor  for  walls  sheathed  both  sides. 
Development  of  Formulae 
d=b    (0.707)        h=npe( 0.707) 
S=B'(12)/d=12(0.707)BVb 
H=Sh=npe( 0.707  x  12 (0.707 )Bvb 
=  (8np)BVb=R(B^) 
p'=p(  0.707)  e=4/3 

R,=  8np  b 
R.=  16np/b 

For  any  value  of  n  such  as  nx,  multiply 
R  by  nx  n. 

Example — Wall   sheathed   one   side  only, 
withb=-6",  nx=3-l0d.,B'=H'. 
H=R(nx/n)B'=235  (3/2)  14=4935*. 


Values  of  Constants  Ri  and  R2 


b 

n 

P 

8n 

'P 

Ri 

R2 

8d 

lOd 

8d 

lOd 

8d 

lOd 

8d 

lOd 

2 

12d 

12d 

12d 

12d 

4" 

64  # 

88# 

1024 

1408 

256 

352 

512 

704 

6 

2 

1024 

1408 

170 

235 

340 

4/0 

8 

3 

1536 

2112 

192 

264 

384 

528 

10 

4 

2048 

2816 

205 

282 

410 

564 

12 

5 

2560 

3520 

214 

_ 

293 

428 

586 

THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    57   ► 


AUGUST,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


WRITTEN  ORDERS  OR  NO  PAY 

by  Leslie  Childs 

in  Highway  Magazine 


rKflENERALLY  speaking  a  highway  contract 
(j^  [providing  that  orders  for  alterations  or 
changes  must  be  in  writing  means  what  it  says. 
Perforce  the  doing  of  such  work  by  a  contractor, 
in  the  absence  of  written  orders  therefore,  may 
place  the  contractor  in  a  difficult  position  in  re- 
spect to  payment. 

The  application  of  this  rule  to  a  highway  con- 
tract, and  the  possible  danger  to  a  contractor  in 
overlooking  it.  is  illustrated  in  a  striking  manner 
in  the  case  of  Clark  County  Construction  Co.  vs. 
State  Highway  Commission.  58  S.  W.  (2d)  388. 
The  facts  were  somewhat  involved,  but  in  so  far 
as  is  pertinent  here,  were  as  follows: 

Here  the  appellant,  the  construction  company, 
was  awarded  a  contract  for  the  construction  of  6.3 
miles  of  highway.  Under  the  caption,  "alteration 
of  work."  the  contract  authorized  the  Commis- 
sioner to  make  changes,  but  stipulated  that  or- 
ders for  same  should  be  in  writing.  A  similar 
provision  appeared  under  the  caption  "extra 
work,"  and  the  latter  closed  with  the  following: 
"No  payment  will  be  approved  for  extra  work 
unless  it  was  ordered,  in  writing,  by  the  Com- 
missioner." 

The  contract  provided  for  payment  under  unit 
prices.  The  price  for  crushed  stone  was  $4.60 
per  ton.  and  for  rock  asphalt  $1.40  per  square 
yard,  these  being  the  only  units  involved  in  the 
dispute  that  culminated  in  this  lawsuit.  Appel- 
lant completed  the  work  and  was  paid  the  unit 
prices.  Following  this,  the  appellant  brought  the 
instant  action  for  additional  payment  based  upon 
an  allegation  of  facts  recited  below: 

That  the  Commissioner  altered  the  specifica- 
tions of  the  contract  relating  to  the  size  of  the 
crushed  stone  that  was  to  be  used  in  the  base 
course,  by  requiring  a  larger  size  of  stone  than 
was  originally  provided  for.  That  because  of  this 
change,  it  became  necessary  to  spread  asphalt  to 
a  depth  of  3J/  inches,  instead  of  2  inches,  as  the 
original  specifications  called  for. 

That  the  cost  of  this  extra  asphalt  was  $1.05 
per  square  yard,  making  the  total  cost  of  asphalt 
$2.45  per  square  yard,  instead  of  $1.40  for  which 
appellant  was  paid;  that  the  appellant  spread 
63.676  square  yards  of  surface,  and  was  therefore 
entitled  to  additional  payment  at  the  rate  of  $1.05 
per  square  yard  or  a  total  of  $66,860  with  interest. 
It  appears  to  have  been  conceded  that  the  or- 
ders of  the  Commissioner  for  the  changes  in  the 
specifications  were  not  reduced  to  writing,  as  re- 
quired by  the  terms  of  the  contract.  However, 
the  appellant  alleged  that  the  Commisioner  did  not 


tender  any  written  notice  of  the  changes,  or  re- 
quire any;  that  the  addtional  work  involved  was 
done  under  the  orders  of  the  engineer  in  charge, 
under  the  directions  and  order  and  with  the 
knowledge  of  the  Commissioner. 

From  the  foregoing,  the  appellant  contended 
the  Commissioner  should  be  deemed  to  have 
waived  the  contractual  requirement  for  written 
orders  governing  the  alterations;  in  other  words, 
that  since  the  Commissioner  had  the  power  to 
make  the  contract  he  had  the  right  to  waive  the 
condition  as  to  writing,  and  that  his  failure  to 
require  writing  constituted  such  a  waiver. 

On  the  foregoing  state  of  facts,  the  trial  court 
sustained  a  demurrer  to  the  appellant's  petition. 
In  other  words,  that  appellant  was  not  entitled 
to  recover  thereunder.  From  this  ruling  the  appel- 
lant appealed,  and  the  higher  court  in  passing 
upon  the  question  raised,  and  in  affirming  the 
judgment  of  the  lower  court,  reasoned  in  part  as 
follows: 

"Most,  if  not  all  jurisdictions,  give  recognition 
to  the  general  rule  that  where  a  statute  directs 
the  manner  of  making  public  contracts  and  speci- 
fically prescribes  the  method  of  the  exercise  of 
the  powers  of  public  bodies  or  officials  with  re- 
spect thereto,  such  statute  is  the  measure  of  their 
authority  and  any  acts  beyond  the  clearly  defined 
limits  fixed  by  the  Legislature  are  void;  and  where 
it  is  required  by  statute  that  such  contract  shall 
be  in  writing  and  the  contract  itself  provides  that 
any  modification  of  its  terms  shall  be  in  writing, 
such  provisions  are  mandatory  and  oral  changes 
and  alterations  are  ineffectual  and  void. 

"Appellant  in  dealing  with  the  Commissioner  of 
Public  Roads  was  not  charged  with  knowledge  of 
the  law  and  of  any  and  all  limitations  placed 
upon  his  power  to  make  or  modify  the  contract, 
but  the  quoted  provisions  of  the  contract  itself 
brought  notice  to  it  that  all  modifications,  altera- 
tions, and  changes  should  be  in  writing.  These 
provisions  are  in  language  so  simple,  clear  and 
explicit  that  even  a  layman  by  cursory  examina- 
tion would  be  able  to  fully  understand  and  appre- 
ciate the  consequences  of  a  disregard  or  viola- 
tion thereof, 

"The  foregoing  rules  to  which  we  shall  adhere 
are  neither  harsh  nor  inequitable  since  any  one 
dealing  wth  public  officials  or  public  bodies  may 
avoid  their  consequences  by  strict  compliance  with 
them.  They  are  grounded  in  a  sound  public  policy 
and  their  abrogation  would  invite  fraud,  collusion, 
and  unwarranted  expenditure  of  public  funds. 
*    *    *    Judgment  affirmed." 

This  authority  takes  the  position  that,  where  a 
contract  requires  written  orders  for  changes  and 
alterations,  the  contractor  acts  at  his  peril  in  per- 
forming extra  work,  in  the  absence  of  a  compli- 
ance with  the  terms  of  the  contract. 


58 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  August.  1934 


Estimator's  Guide 

Giving  Cost  of  Building  Materials,  Wage  Scale,  Etc. 

Owing  to  the  various  crafts  accepting  the  NRA  code  of  fair  competition,  in  some  cases 
they  have  adopted  a  schedule  of  prices,  and  it  therefore  would  be  advisable  to  get  in 
touch  with  these  firms  direct.  .   .■         t     „;,u„j 

Amounts  quoted  are  figuring  prices  and  are  made  up  from  average  quotations  furmshed 
by  material  houses  to  three  leading  contracting   firms  of  San  hrancisco. 

XOTE— Add  21/2%  Sale  Tax  on  all  materials  but  not  labor.  ^_^^^_ 


All  prices  and  wages  quoted  are  for 
San  Francisco  and  the  Bay  District. 
There  may  be  slight  fluctuation  of 
prices  in  the  interior  and  southern 
part  of  the  state.  Freight  cartage,  at 
least,  must  be  added  In  figuring  coun- 
try work. 


Bond— 11/2%  amount  of  contract. 

Brickwork — 

Common,  $36  to  140  per  1000  laid, 
(according  to  class  of  work). 

Face,  $75  to  i$90  per  I'OOO  laid,  ac- 
cording to  class  of  work). 

Brick  Steps,  using  pressed  brick, 
$1.10  lin.  ft. 

Brick  Walls,  using  pressed  brick  on 
edge,  60c  sq.  ft.  (Foundations  ex- 
tra.) 

Brick  Veneer  on  frame  buildings, 
$.75  sq.  ft. 

Common,  f.  o.  b.  cars,  $15.00  job 
cartage. 

Face,  f.o.b.  cars,  $45.00  to  $50.00  per 
1000,  carload  lots. 

HOLLOW  TILE  FIREPROOFING   (f.o.b.  job) 

3x12x12  in $  84.00  per  M 

4x12x12  in 94.50  per  M 

6x12x12  in 126..00  per  M 

8x12x12  in 225.00  per  M 

HOLLOW  BUILDING  TILE    (f.o.b.   job) 

carload  lots).  ^   n,  m 

8xl2.x5/.    $  94.50 

6x12x5    'A 73.50 

Discount  5%. 


Composition  Floors  —  18c  to  35c  per 

sq.  ft.  In  larg«  quantities,  16c  per 

sq.  ft.  laid. 
.Mosaic  Floors— 80c  per  sq.  ft. 
Duraflex  Floor— 23c  to  30c  sq.  ft. 
Rubber  Tile— 50c  per  sq.  ft. 
Terazzo  Floors — 45c  to  60c  per  sq.  tt. 
Terazzo  Steps— $1.60  lin.  ft. 


Concrete  AVork  (material  at  San  Fran- 
cisco bunkers)  —  Quotations  below 
2000  lbs.  to  the  ton.  $2.00  delivered. 

No.  3  rock,  at  bunkers $1.65  per  ton 

No.  4  rock,  at  bunkers 1.65  per  ton 

Elliott  top  gravel,  at  bnkrs.  1.75  per  ton 
Washed  gravel,  at  bunkrs  1.75  per  ton 
Bliott  top  gravel,  at  bnkrs.  1.75  per  ton 
City  gravel,  at  bunkers....  1.40  per  ton 

River  sand,  at  bunkers 1.50  per  ton 

Delivered   bank    sand 120  cu.  yd. 


Xote— Above  prices  are  subject  to  dis- 
count of  10c  per  ton  on  invoices  paid 
on  or  before  the  L5th  of  month,  fol- 
lowing delivery. 

SAND 

Del  Monte,  $1.75  to  $3.00  per  ton. 
Pan    Shell    Beach    (car    lots,    f.o.b. 

Lake  Majella),  $2.75  to   $4.00   per 

ton. 

The  Architect  and  Engineer,  August.  1934 


Cement,  $2.25  per  bbl.  in  paper  sks. 
Cement   (f.o.b.)   Job.  S.F.)  $2.90  per 

bbl. 
Cement      (f.o.b.     Job,     Oak.)      $2.90 
per  bbl. 
Rebate    of    10    cents    bbl.    cash    in    15 

days. 

Medusa  "White"  $  8,50  per  bbl. 

Forms,  Labors  average  25.00  per  M 
Average   cost   of   concrete   in   place, 

exclusive  of  forms,  30c  per  cu.  ft. 
4-inch  concrete  basement 

floor 12'%c  to  14c  per  sq.  ft. 

41/2  inch  Concrete  Basement 

floor  I4V2C  to  16c  per  sq.  ft. 

2-inch  rat-proofing....ey2C  per  sq.  ft. 
Concrete  Steps  $1.25  per  lin.  ft. 

Dampprooflng  and  IVaterprooflng— 

Two-coat  work,  15c  per  yard. 
Membrane    waterproofing — 4    layers 

of  saturated  felt,  $4.00  per  square. 
Hot  coating  work,  $1.80  per  square. 
Meduca  Waterproofing,   15c   per  lb., 

San  Francisco  Warehouse. 


Electric    Wiring — $12.00     to    $15.00 
per   outlet   for   conduit   work    (in- 
cluding switches). 
Knob  and  tube  average   $7.00   per 
outlet,  including  switches. 


Elevators — 

Prices  vary  according  to  capacity, 
speed  and  type.  Consult  elevator 
companies.  Average  cost  of  in- 
stalling an  automatic  elevator  in 
four-story  building,  $2800;  direct 
automatic,  about  $2700. 


Excaration — 

Sand,  50  cents;  clay  or  shale,  SOc 
per  yard. 

Teams,  $10.00   per  day. 

Trucks,  $18  to  $25  per  day. 

Above  figures  are  an  average  with- 
out water.  Steam  shovel  work  in 
large  quantities,  less;  hard  ma- 
terial, such  as  rock,  will  run  con- 
siderably more. 


Fire  Escapes— 

Ten-foot  balcony,  with  stairs, 
$75.00  per  balcony,  average. 

Glass   (consult  with  manufacturers)  — 
Double   strength   window   glass,   15c 

per  square  foot. 
Quartz  Lite,  SOc  per  square  foot. 

Plate  7  5c  per  square  foot. 
Art,  $1.00  up  per  square  foot. 
Wire    (for  skylights),   35c  per  sq. 

foot. 
Obscure  glass,  26c  square  foot. 
Xote- Add  extra  for  setting. 


ieating — 

Average,  $1.90  per  sq.   ft.  of  radia- 
tion, according  to  conditions. 


Iron— Cost    of   ornamental    iron,    cast 
iron,  etc.,  depends  on  designs. 


I.nniber  (prices  delivered  to  bldg.  site) 

No.   1    common   "^''^  P^' JJ 

No    ■'   common   28.00  per  M 

Selected   O.    P.    common    37.50  per  M 

1x4    No     3    form    lumber    20.00  per  M 

1x4   No.   2   flooring  VG   50.00  per  M 

1x4  No.   3  flooring  VG  45.0.0  per  M 

1x6  No.   2   flooring  VG  50.00  per  M 

1^/4x4  and  6,   No.   2  flooring  52.00  per  M 

Slash  grain — 

1x4   No.    2   flooring   $40.00  per  M 

1x4   No.    3   flooring   36.00  per  M 

No.   1   common  run  T.  &  G 40.00  per  M 

Lath     - 6-60  lierM 

Shingles   (add  cartage  to  prices 
quoted)  — 

Redwood.  No.  1     $  1-00  per  bdle. 

Redwood.  No.  2     80  per  bdle. 

Red    Cedar    85  per  bdle. 


Hardwood  Flooring  (delivered  to 
building)— 

13-16.x3y4"  T  &  G  Maple $120.00  M  ft. 

1    1-16x2*4"   T   &  G    Maple   132.00  M  ft. 

ysx3%   sq.  edge  Maple  140.00  M  ft. 

13-16x214"     %x2"     5-16x2" 
T&G  T&G       Sq.Ed. 

CIr  Qtd.  Oak  ....$200.00  M  $150.00  M  $180  M 
Sel  Qtd.  Oak  ....  140.00  M  120.00  M  135  M 
Clr  Pla  Oak  ....  135.00  M  107.00  M  120  M 
Sel'  Pla    Oak  ....  120.00  M       88.00  M     107  M 

Clear  Maple  140.00  M     100.00  M 

Laying  &  Finishing  13c  ft.  11  ft.  10  ft. 
Wage— Floor  layers,  $7.50   per  day. 

Building  Paper— 

1  ply  per  1000  ft.  roll  $3.50 

2  ply  per  1000  ft.  roll   5.00 

3  ply   per   1000   ft.   roll 6.25 

Brownskin,   500  ft.  roll -,4.20 

Pro-tect-o-mat,   1000   ft.  roll  12.00 

Sisalkraft.    500   ft.    roll -..-.-.- -•  B.OO 

Sash  cord  com.  No.  7   $1.20  per  100  ft. 

Sash  cord  com.  No.  8  1.50  per  100  ft. 

Sash   cord  spot  No.   7   1.90  per  100  ft. 

Sash   cord  spot  No.   8   2.25  per  100  ft. 

Sash    weights   cast    Iron.    $50.00   ton 

Nails,    $3.50    base. 
Sash  weights.  $45  per  ton. 

Milhvork— 

O.    P.    $100.00    per    1000.    R.    W., 

$106.00  per  1000   (delivered). 

Double  hung  box  window  frames, 
average,  with  trim,  $6.50  and  up, 
each. 

Doors,  including  trim  (single  panel. 
1%  in.  Oregon  pine)  $8.00  and 
up,  each. 

Doors,  including  trim  (five  panel, 
1%  in.  Oregon  pine)  $6.50  each. 

Screen  doors,  $4.00  each. 

Patent  screen  windows,  25c  a  sq.  ft. 

Cases  for  kitchen  pantries  seven  ft. 
high,   per  lineal   ft.,   $6.50   each. 

Dining  room  cases,  $7.00  per  lin- 
eal foot. 

Labor— Rough  carpentry,  warehouse 
heavy  framing  (average), 
$12.00   per  M. 

For  smaller  work  average,  $27.50 
1  to   $35.00   per   1000. 


59 


Miirble— (See  Dealers) 

r:iiiiliiig — 

Two-coat  work  29c  per  yard 

Three-coat  work  40c  per  yard 

Cold  Water  Painting  10c  jier  yard 

Whitewashing  4c  per  yard 

Turpentine,  8'Oc  per  gal.,  in  cans  and 

7i5c  per  gal.  in  drums. 
Raw   Linseed   Oil— 80c  gal.   in   bbls. 
Boiled  Linseed  Oil— S5c  gal.  in  bbls. 
Medusa  Portland  Cement  Paint,  2uc 

per  lb. 
Carter  or   Dutch  Boy  AVIiite  Lead   in 

Oil   (in  steel  kegs). 

Per  Lb. 
1  ton  lots,  100  lbs.  net  weight  10%c 

500  lb.  and  less  than  1  ton  lots  lie 

Less  than  .500  lb.  lots 11% c 

Dntcli  Roy  Dry  Ited  Lead  and 

Litliar^e  (in  steel  kegs). 
1  ton  lots,  100  lb.  kegs,  net  wt.  10%c 
500  lb.  and  less  than  1  ton  lots  lie 

Less  than  500  lb.  lots ll%c 

Red  Lead  in  Oil  (in  steel  kegs) 

1  ton  lots,  100  lb.  keg  s.net.  wt.  12%c 
500  lb.  and  less  than  1  ton  lots  12%c 

Less  than  500  lb.  lots 13c 

Note — Accessibility    and    conditions 

cause  wide  variance  of  costs. 

Patent  Cliinineys — 

6-inch $1.00  lineal  foot 

8-inch 1.50  lineal  foot 

10-inch 1.75  lineal  foot 

12-inch 2.00  lineal  foot 

Plastering- Interior- 
Yard 

1  coat,  brown  mortar  only,  wood  lath... .$0.60 

2  coats,   lime  mortar  hard  finish,  wood 
lath     70 


2  coats,   hard  wall   plaster,   wood   lath....$  .80 

3  coats,  metal  lath  and  plaster  1.25 

Keene   cement  on    metal    lath   1.30 

Ceilings  with  %   hot  roll  channels  metal 

lath     75 

CeilinKs  with   %   hot  roll  cnttnnels  metal 

lath    iJastered    1.50 

Shingle  partition  %   channel  lath  1  side     .85 
iintMH   hjiitition   =U    channel   lath  2  sides 

2  inches  thick  2.76 

4-inch    double   partition   %    channel    lath 

2    sides    1-30 

4-inch   double   panilion    %    channel   lath 

2  sides  plastered  3.00 

Plastering — i.Mcncu  —  Yard 

''     coats    cenieni     hniBh.     brick    or    con- 
crete   wall    .- *l-lt) 

2  coHts    Atla.-    cciijent.     brick    or    con- 
crete   wall    1-36 

3  loati    cement     finish    No.     18    gauge 
wire    mesh    1-50 

3    coats    Medusa    finish    No.    18    gauge 

wire    mesh    2.00 

Wood    lath.    ?5.50    per    1000. 

2.5-lb.   metal   lath    (dipped) 1' 

2.0-lb.    metal   lath    (galvanized) 20 

3.4-lb.   metal   lath    (dipped) —       .22 

3.4-lb.   metal    lath    (galvanized) 28 

^4-inch  hot  roll  channels.   $72  per  ton. 
Finish    plaster,    $18.90    ton ;    in    paper   sacks. 
Dealer's   commission.   $1.00   oft   above 
quotations. 

$13.85    (rebate  10c  Back). 
Lime,    f.o.b.    warehouae,   $2.25bbl.  :cars,  $2.15 
Lime,   bulk    (ton   2000   lbs.),   $16.00   ton. 
Wall  Board  5  ply.  $50.00  per  M. 
Hydrate   Lime.   $19.60    ton. 

Plasterers   Wage   Scale  $1.25  per  hour 

Lathers   Wage    Scale 1-25  per  hour 

Hod   Carriers   Wage  Scale   1.10  per  hour 

Coniposition  Stucco — $1.60    to   .$2.00 

sq.  yard    (applied). 

PiiimhiMg — 

From  $65.00  per  fixture  up,  ac- 
cording to  grade,  quantity  and 
runs^ 

Uooting — 

"Standard"  tar  and  gravel,   $6.00 

per  sq.  for   30   sqs.   or  over. 
Less  than  30  sqs.  $6.50  per  sq. 
Tile,  $20.00  to  $®5.0O  per  square. 


Redwood  Shingles,  $11.00  per  square 
in  place. 

Cedar  Shingles,  $10   sq.  in   place. 

Recoat,   with    Gravel,    $3.00    per   sq. 

Slate,  from  $26.00'  to  $60.00  per  sq. 
lai<l,  according  to  color  and 
thickness. 

Sheet  Metal- 
Windows— Metal,  $2.00  a  sq.  foot. 
Fire    doors    (average),    including 
hardware.  $2.00  per  sq.  ft. 

Skylights — 

Copper,  90c  sq.  ft.   (not  glazed). 
Galvanized    iron,    25c    sq.    ft.     (not 
glazed). 

Steel— Structural 

$100  ton  (erected),  this  quotation 

is  an  average  for  comparatively 

small    quantities.     Light    truss 

work    higher.     Plain    beams    and 

column   work  in   large   quantities 

$80    to   i$!X)   per    ton    cost   of    steel; 

average    building,    $89.00. 

Steel  Reinforcing — 

$Si5.00  per  ton,  set,  (average). 

Stone — 

Granite,   average,   $6.50    cu.   foot  in 

place. 
Sandstone,      average      Blue,      $4.00, 

Boise,  i$3.00  sq.  ft.  in  place. 
Indiana  Limestone,  $2.80  per  sq.  ft. 

in  place. 

Store  Fronts — 

Copper  sash  bars  for  store  fronts 
corner,  center  and  around  sides. 
will   average   75c   per   lineal   foot. 

Note — Consult  with  agents. 

Tile  —  Floor,  Wainscot,  Etc.  —  (See 

Dealers). 


SAN    FRANCISCO 

Established  by  Th. 


BUILDING    TRADES   WAGE 


Impartial  Wage  Board  November  9.  1932. 
long  thereafter  as  ei 


SCALE 

in  cgect  until  Ju 


FOR    1933 

le  30.  1933,  and  for  so 


This  scale  is  based  on  an 
skill    and   craf 
Journeyma 
GRAFT  Mechanic! 

Asbeslor    Workers    $6.40 

Bricklayers     9-00 

Bricklayers'  Hodcarriers   5.60 

Cabinet   Workers    (Outside)    7.20» 

Caisson  Workers   (Open)  Water  Work....     8.00 

Carpenters    7.20« 

Cement    Finishers    7.20 

Cork   Insulation    Workers   7.20 

Electrical    Workers   8.00 

Electrical  Fixture  Hangers  7.00 

Elerator   Constructors    8.68 

Elevator    Constructors'    Helpers    6.08 

Engineers.    Portable   and    Hoisting    8.00 

Glass  Workers  (All  Classifications)  6.80 

Hardwood   Floormen   7.20* 

Housemovers    6.40 

Houscsmiths,    Architectural    Iron     (Oat- 
side)   7.20 

Housesmiths,     Reinforced     Concrete,    or 

Rodmen     7.20 

'Established  by  Special  Board 


■ight-hour  day  and  is  to  be 
1  knowledge  may  be   paid 


nsidered    as    a    minimum    a 
excess  of  the  amounts  set 
Journeyman 
CRAFT  Mechanics 

Iron  Workers    (Bridge  and  Structural)..     9.60 

Iron  Workers   (Hoisting  Engineers)   10.00 

Laborers    (e-day   week)    5.00 

Lathers,    Channel    Iron    8.00 

Lathers.   All    Other   6.80 

Marble   Setters   8-00 

Marble    Setters'    Helpers    5.00 

Millwrights    7.20' 

Mosaic  and  Terrazzo  Workers   (Outside)     7.20 

Mosaic  and  Terrazzo   Helpers   5.00 

Painters    7-00 

Painters,      Varnishers      and      Polishers 

(Outside)     7.00 

Pile    Drivers    and    Wharf    Builders    $  8.00 

Pile    Drivers    Engineers    9.00 

Plasters     and    Hodcarriers     (See    wage 
scale    under    Plastering). 

Plumbers    8.00 

Roofers    (AU   classifications)    6.40 

Sheet  Metal  Workers  7.20 

Sprinkler   Fitters   9.00 

Steam    Fitters   8.00 


nd   employees   of    superior 
forth  herein. 

CRAFT  Journeyman 

Mechanics 

Stair  Builders  7.20* 

Stone  Cutters,  Soft  and  Granite  6.80 

Stone   Setters,   Soft  and  Granite   8.00 

Stone   Derrickmen    7.20 

Tile   Setters   8.00 

Tile   Setters'   Helpers   5.00 

Tile,  Cork  and  Rubber  7.20 

Welders,     Structural     Steel     Frame     on 

Buildings    9.60 

Welders,   All    Others  on    Buildings   8.00 

Auto  Truck  Drivers— Less  than  2,500  lbs.  5.50 
Auto      Truck      Drivers — 2,500      lbs.      to 

4,500    lbs 6.00 

Auto      Truck      Drivers— 4.500      lbs.      to 

6,500   lbs 6.50 

Auto  Truck  Drivers — 6,500  lbs.  and  over  7.00 

General  Teamsters,    1    Horse   5.50 

General  Teamsters,  2  Horses  6.00 

General   Teamsters,   4    Horses   6.50 

Plow  Teamsters.  4   Horses  6.50 

Scraper  Teamsters,   2    Horses   6.00 

Scraper   Teamsters,   4    Horses   6.00 


GENERAL    WORKING     CONDITIONS 


1.  Eight  hours  shall  constitute  a  day's  work 
for   all    crafts,    except   as   otherwise    noted. 

2.  Where  leas  than  eight  hours  are  worked 
pro  rata  rates  for  such  shorter  period  shall 
be  paid. 

3.  Plasterers'  Hodcarriers.  Bricklayers*  Hod- 
carriers, Roofers'  Laborers  and  Engineers, 
Portable  and  Hoisting,  shall  start  15  min- 
utes before  other  workmen,  both  at  morn- 
ing  and   at   noon. 

4.  Five  days,  consisting  of  not  more  than 
eight  hours  a  day,  on  Monday  to  Friday 
inclusive,    shall    constitute    a    week's   work. 

5.  The  wages  set  forth  herein  shall  be  con- 
sidered as  net  wages. 

6.  Except  as  noted  the  above  rates  of  pay  ap- 
ply only  to  work  performed  at  the  job 
site. 

7.  Transportation  costs  in  excess  of  twenty- 
five  cents  each  way  shall  be  paid  by  the 
contractor. 

8.  Traveling  time  in  excess  of  one  and  one- 
half  hours  each  way  shall  be  paid  for  at 
straight  time  rates. 

NOTE:    Provision  of  paragraph  13  appearing  ii 
wrights.   or   Stair   Builders. 

60 


9.  Overtime  shall  be  paid  as  follows:  For 
the  first  four  hours  after  the  first  eight 
hours,  time  and  one-half.  All  time  there- 
after shall  be  paid  double  time.  Satur- 
days (except  Laborers).  Sundays  and  Holi- 
days from  12  midnight  of  the  preceding 
day,  shall  be  paid  double  time.  Irrespec- 
tive of  starting  time,  overtime  for  Cement 
Finishers  shall  not  commence  until  after 
eight  hours  of  work. 

10.  On  Saturday  Laborers  shall  be  paid 
straight  time  for  an  eight-hour  day. 

11.  Where  two  shifti  are  worked  in  any 
twenty-four  hours,  shift  time  shall  be 
straight  time.  Where  three  shifts  are 
worked,  eight  hours'  pay  shall  be  paid 
for  seven  hours  on  the  second  and  third 
shifts. 

12.  All  work,  except  as  noted  in  paragraph 
13.  shall  be  performed  between  the  hours 
of  8  A.   M.   and  B  P.   M. 

13.  In  emergencies,  o 
be    vacated     until 

arpenters,    Cabinet 


brackets   (   )  does  not  apply 


men  reporting  for  work  shall  work  at 
straight  time.  Any  work  performed  on 
such  jobs  after  midnight  shall  be  paid 
time  and  one-half  up  to  four  hours  of 
overtime  and  double  time  thereafter  (pro- 
vided, that  if  a  new  crew  is  employed  on 
Saturdays,  Sundays  or  Holidays  which  has 
not  worked  during  the  five  preceding  work- 
ing days,  such  crew  shall  be  paid  time 
and  one-half.  No  job  can  be  considered 
as  an  emergency  job  until  it  has  been 
registered  with  the  Industrial  Association 
and  a  determination  has  been  made  that 
the  job  falls  within  the  terma  of  this 
section). 

14.  Recognized  holidays  to  be:  New  Year's 
Day,  Decoration  Day,  Fourth  of  July, 
Labor  Day.  Admission  Day,  Thanksgiving 
Day,    Christmas   Day. 

15.  Men  ordered  to  report  for  work,  for 
whom  no  employment  is  provided  shall  be 
entitled  to   two    hours*   pay. 

16.  This  award  shall  be  effective  in  the  City 
and  County  of  San  Francisco. 

Workers    fOutside).    Hardwood    Floormen.    Mill- 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  August,  1934 


«    «   «   « 


With  the  Architects  »  »   »  » 


WILL  DESIGN  SCHOOL  BUILDINGS 

The  San  Francisco  Board  of  Public  Works  has 
commissioned  the  following  architects  to  prepare 
plans  for  new  school  buildings: 

Patrick  Henry  School— W.  D.  Peugh  &  Gard- 
ner Dailey.  333  Montgomery  Street  and  Shreve 
Building.  San  Francisco. 

Sunshine-Buena  Vista  School — Martin  J.  Rist: 
Chas.  A.  StrothofT  &  Smith  O'Brien.  Albert 
SchroepfFer.  Phelan  Building,  San  Francisco. 

Francis  Scott  Key  School— Wm.  Mooser.  Ed- 
ward A.  Fames,  Douglas  D.  Stone,  Monadnock 
Building,  353  Sacramento  Street  and  110  Sutter 
Street,  San  Francisco. 


CHINESE  BOYS'  HOME 
Plans  are  being  completed  by  Frederick  H. 
Reimers.  architect,  233  Post  Street,  San  Fran- 
cisco, for  a  two-story  reinforced  concrete  build- 
ing for  the  Chung  Mei  Home  for  Chinese  boys 
on  a  site  near  San  Pablo  Avenue  and  Cutting 
Boulevard,  El  Cerrito. 

The  subscription  campaign  to  finance  the  struc- 
ture, is  nearing  its  conclusion.  Funds  will  per- 
mit the  erection  of  only  one  of  the  two  proposed 
wings  at  the  present  time.  The  cost  of  the  wing 
to  be  erected  now  is  placed  at  $75,000. 


MODESTO  THEATER 
A  contract  has  been  awarded  for  the  construc- 
tion of  a  $100,000  theater  at  Modesto  for  George 
M.  Mann  and  associates  of  San  Francisco.  A 
feature  of  the  theater,  designed  by  S.  Charles  Lee. 
architect  of  Los  Angeles,  will  be  a  new  type  of 
glass  front  which  is  said  to  have  had  its  origin 
in   Germany. 


SAN  JOSE  ARCHITECT  BUSY 
New  work  in  the  office  of  William  E.  Higgins. 
19  North  Second  Street,  San  Jose,  includes  a 
$10,000  auditorium  at  Newark  for  the  Alpine 
Swiss  Society;  a  one-story  reinforced  concrete 
garage  at  San  Jose  for  R.  M.  Cuthbert  and  a 
$5000  bungalow  on  Calaveras  Street,  San  Jose. 


ARCHITECT  HAS  CLOSE  CALL 

David  Clark,  architect  of  Palo  Alto,  had  a  nar- 
row escape  from  injury  in  a  train  crash  at  San 
Jose  July  27. 

With  J.  E.  McDowell,  secretary  of  the  Stan- 
ford University  Alumni  Association  and  Howard 
Taylor,  member  of  the  engineering  faculty  of 
Stanford,  the  three  had  halted  their  machine  to 
permit  the  Southern  Pacific  flyer  to  pass. 

A  truck  driven  by  A.  J.  Abren,  out  of  control, 
crashed  into  the  rear  of  the  car  and  drove  it  onto 
the  tracks  directly  in  the  path  of  the  flyer. 

McDowell  snapped  his  car  in  gear  and  jerked 
it  off  the  track  just  six  inches  ahead  of  the  loco- 
motive. 


STATE  HOSPITAL  UNITS 
Geo.    B.    McDougall,    State    Architect.    Sacra- 
mento, is  preparing  plans  for  several  units  to  the 
new  State  Hospital  at  Camarillo.    A  Federal  al- 
lotment of  $184,000  has  been  granted. 


PRINTING  PLANTS 

H.  A.  Minton,  525  Market  Street.  San  Fran- 
cisco, has  completed  plans  for  a  one-story  rein- 
forced concrete  addition  to  the  Printers'  Building 
at  Broadway  and  Washington  Street,  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

Will  P.  Day  is  preparing  plans  for  a  three  story 
reinforced  concrete  printing  plant  to  be  built  on 
Van  Ness  Avenue,  San  Francisco,  for  the  Re- 
corder  Printing   &   Publishing    Company. 


YOSEMITE  PARK  BUILDING 
Bids  are  to  be  received  by  C.  J.  Thompson. 
Park  Superintendent,  National  Park  Service, 
Yosemite  National  Park,  until  2  p.  m.,  August 
28th.  for  erecting  a  two-story  reinforced  concrete 
shop  building  in  Yosemite  National  Park.  Plans 
were  prepared  by  Edward  A.  Nickell,  associate 
architect.  National  Park  Service,  Underwood 
Building,  San  Francisco,  The  cost  is  estimated 
at  $117,000. 


DALY  CITY  SCHOOLS 
Albert  F.  Roller,  architect,  Crocker-First  Na- 
tional Bank  Building,  San  Francisco,  is  preparing 
plans  for  three  new  school  buildings,  costing 
$35,000  each,  to  be  erected  for  the  Daly  City 
grammar  school  district,  W.  J.  Sweeney,  clerk. 
Each  will  have  six  classrooms  and  will  be  of 
frame  construction.  The  PWA  has  granted  a 
loan  and  grant  of  $105,000  to  finance  construc- 
tion.   A  bond  election  will  be  called  shortly. 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  August.  1934 


COMPETITION  PRIZE  WINNERS 

In  the  recent  Pencil  Points  flat  glass  industry 
architectural  competition  H.  Roy  Kelley  of  Los 
Angeles  was  awarded  fourth  prize.  The  jury's 
comments  on   Mr.   Kelley's  design   follow: 

"Here  we  have  a  somewhat  different  type  of 
plan  but  one  which  accommodates  itself  practic- 
ally to  the  terms  of  the  program,  and  also  intro- 
duces some  interesting  variations.  The  living 
room,  dining  room,  and  the  two  main  bedrooms 
giving  on  to  the  garden,  are  again  to  be  com- 
mended. The  outdoor  lounge,  the  outdoor  din- 
ing room,  and  the  terrace  are  all  pleasant  features 
cleverly  arranged.  In  the  first  floor  plan,  the  en- 
trance hall  and  stairs  may  seem  a  little  constrict- 
ed, but  the  privacy  of  the  living  room  has  been 
preserved  by  the  rather  circuitous  entrance  to  it. 
Otherwise,  everything  is  expertly  managed  for  the 
family  comfort.  The  household  equipment  and 
paraphernalia  so  necessary  to  the  happiness  of 
the  devotees  of  efficiency  is  arranged  in  the  most 
shipshape  manner. 

"This  house  does  not  look  like  a  ship,  however. 
It  is  static  and  serene,  conventional  perhaps,  but 
in  very  good  taste,  in  no  sense  extreme  or  bizarre." 

Mentions  were  awarded  Frederick  E.  Emmons, 
Jr.,  Los  Angeles;  Leland  F.  Fuller.  Santa  Monica; 
Charles  A.  Hunter,  Glendale;  Wade  Pipes.  Port- 
land, Oregon;  Lloyd  Steffgen,  Pasadena;  and 
Orrin  F.  Stone,  Pasadena. 


NAMED  ON  ART  COMMISSION 
Mayor  Rossi  of  San  Francisco  has  named  Ed- 
ward L.  Frick,  associated  with  Arthur  Brown,  Jr.. 
a  member  of  the  Art  Commision  to  succeed  Lewis 
P.  Hobart,  resigned.  The  appointment  meets  with 
general  favor.  Mr.  Frick  is  a  capable  member  of 
the  profession  and  his  long  association  with  Mr. 
Brown  has  seen  the  successful  fulfillment  of  some 
notable  commissions,  including  the  San  Francisco 
city  hall,  opera  house.  Legion  building,  and  the 
U.  S.  Department  of  Commerce  group,  Wash- 
ington, D.C. 

John  Bakewell  Jr.,  the  other  architect  on  the 
Commission,  who  resigned  with  Mr,  Hobart  to 
engage  in  school  planning,  has  completed  that 
work  and  has  been  reappointed  by  the  Mayor. 


CALIFORNIA   ARCHITECTS  WIN 

Three  of  the  five  major  prizes  in  the  Seventh 
Annual  Small  House  competition.  New  York, 
have  been  won  by  California  architects.  This  is 
a  fine  showing  considering  that  there  were  nearly 
200  competitors. 

In  the  second  class,  for  buildings  of  nine  rooms, 
first  prize  was  taken  by  H.  Roy  Kelley  of  Los 
Angeles.  In  the  first  class,  for  homes  of  more 
than  nine  rooms,  second  prize  was  taken  by  Wil- 
liam Wilson  Wurster  of  San  Francisco.  In  class 
three  a  special  prize  was  awarded  to  Richard 
Neutra  of  Los  Angeles.  The  remaining  two  major 
prizes  were  won  by  New  York  architects. 

In  addition  to  these  prizes  the  work  of  Michael 
Baltekal-Goodman,  instructor  in  architecture  at 
the  University  of  California,  won  an  honorable 
mention  and  will  be  included  in  the  exhibition  and 
publication  of  the  winning  designs. 

All  of  the  homes  submitted  for  the  contest  are 
already  built.  Classes  one  and  two  were  for 
homes  comprising  nine  to  12  rooms,  and  class 
three  for  experimental  modern  homes  of  any  size. 
It  was  in  this  last  class,  in  which  novelty  of  ideas 
and  low  cost  of  construction  were  factors,  that 
Neutra  and  Goodman  placed. 


NEW  BUILDING  INSPECTOR 
Erie  L.  Cope,  structural  engineer,  has  been  ap- 
pointed head  of  the  Bureau  of  Building  Inspec- 
tion, San  Francisco.  The  appointment  is  subject 
to  confirmation  by  the  Civil  Service  Commission. 
Mr.  Cope  succeeds  John  B.  Leonard,  who  re- 
tired, having  reached  the  age  limit. 

The  new  chief  of  the  building  department  is  a 
past  president  of  the  Structural  Engineers'  Society 
of  California,  and  is  a  member  of  the  advisory 
committee  of  structural  engineers  named  to  assist 
the  State  Bureau  of  Architects  upon  the  new 
earthquake  safety  code  for  school  buildings. 

John  B.  Leonard  has  served  the  city  well  since 
he  took  over  the  office,  following  the  death  of 
Mr.  Horgan. 


BUSY  ON  SCHOOL  WORK 
The  office  of  William  H.  and  Harold  Weeks. 
525  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  has  completed 
plans  for  a  conservatory  of  music  at  the  Gilroy 
High  School  to  cost  $12,000.  The  same  firm  has 
awarded  a  contract  for  a  one-story  frame  addition 
to  the  Morgan  Hill  Grammar  School  and  con- 
struction is  under  way.  The  firm  has  been  com- 
missioned to  prepare  plans  for  structural  changes 
to  seven  school  buildings  in  Watsonville  to  com- 
ply with  the  state  earthquake  law. 


BUILDING  CODE  BOARD 
Five  men  have  been  appointed  by  City  Mana- 
ger C.  B.  Goodwin  of  San  Jose  as  a  board  of 
examiners  and  appeals  under  the  building  code. 
The  men  are:  Raymond  L.  Fisher  and  W.  L. 
Popp,  civil  engineers;  Charles  McKenzie,  archi- 
tect; George  Kocher,  contractor,  and  Faber  L. 
Johnson,  attorney. 


$50,000  FOR  CLUB  HOUSE 
The  City  of  Oakland  has  appropriated  $50,000 
for  a  new  club  house  at  Glen  Park. 


62 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  August.  1934 


PERSONAL 
Ellis  F.  Lawrence,  dean  of  the  school  of  arch- 
itecture and  alHed  arts,  University  of  Oregon,  and 
member  of  the  firm  of  Lawrence,  Holford  &  Allyn, 
architects,  has  been  appointed  architect  adviser 
for  the  state  of  Oregon  by  the  Home  Owners' 
Loan  Corporation. 

Richard  J.  Neutra,  internationally  known  ex- 
ponent of  modernistic  architecture,  gave  an  ad- 
dress in  the  Unitarian  Church.  Los  Angeles,  Sun- 
day, July  29  on  the  modern  trend. 

Frederick  Ashley,  formerly  of  Ashley  and 
Evers,  architects  of  San  Francisco,  is  engaged 
in  work  for  the  Federal  government  at  Wash- 
ington, D.C. 

Lewis  P.  Hobart  has  moved  his  office  from  the 
Crocker  Building  to  the  Underwood  Building,  San 
Francisco. 

Paul  Thiry,  architect  specializing  in  residential 
and  ecclesiastical  design  who  has  maintained  a 
studio  for  several  years  in  the  Skinner  Building. 
Seattle,  left  recently  for  a  sojourn  in  the  Orient. 
During  his  absence  Lowell  V.  Casey,  412  Pan- 
tages  Building.  Seattle,  will  attend  to  his  practice. 
Richard  H.  Eddy,  architect  of  Spokane,  was 
the  principal  speaker  at  the  June  26  meeting  of 
the  Technocracy  Club,   Chelan,   Washington. 

Ellsworth  Storey,  architect  of  Seattle,  is 
at  present  employed  by  the  National  Park  Service 
in  designing  housing  for  camps  of  the  Civilian 
Conservation  Corps. 

Stephen  Richardson,  who  recently  spent  three 
years  studying  architecture  at  the  University  of 
Washington,  has  been  awarded  a  special  schol- 
arship, one  year's  tuition  worth  $500,  by  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology.  This  is 
one  of  two  such  national  prizes  given  by  the  Bos- 
ton school.  A  year  ago  he  was  granted  a  $250 
scholarship. 

Nario  J.  Ciampi,  1045  Union  Street,  San  Fran- 
cisco, has  been  granted  a  provisional  certificate  to 
practice  architecture  by  the  Calfiornia  State  Board 
of  Architectural  Examiners,  Northern  District. 

Powers  6  Ahnden,  architects,  have  moved  to 
557  Market  Street,  San  Francisco. 


YACHT  CLUB 
South  Coast  Corinthian  Yacht  Club  has  leased 
a  site  from  the  City  of  Santa  Monica,  on  the 
municipal  pier,  1000  feet  from  shore,  where  the 
club  proposes  constructing  a  yacht  club.  Under 
provisions  of  the  lease,  the  club  must  erect  a 
building,  plans  for  which  must  be  approved  by 
the  city  within  one  year.  Pierpont  Davis,  3215 
W.  6th  Street,  Los  Angeles,  is  the  architect. 


SANTA  ANA  CITY  HALL 
The  Public  Works  Administration  has  alloc- 
ated $105,000  (loan  and  grant)  to  the  City  of 
Santa  Ana  for  a  new  city  hall  to  be  erected  at 
Third  and  Main  Streets.  The  city  voted  a  $70.- 
000  bond  issue  last  December  as  security  for  the 
loan.  W.  Horace  Austin  and  H.  C.  Wildman, 
Spurgin  Building,  Santa  Ana,  are  the  architects. 


CIVIC  AUDITORIUM 
The  City  of  Santa  Barbara  will  hold  an  elec- 
tion August  28.  to  vote  bonds  in  the  sum  of  $320.- 
000  as  security  for  a  Federal  loan,  proceeds  to 
be  used  for  financing  the  construction  of  a  munici- 
pal auditorium  in  Santa  Barbara.  The  Public 
Works  Administration  recently  allocated  $375,- 
000  for  the  project.  Preliminary  plans  for  the 
structure  have  been  prepared  by  the  Associated 
Architects  of  Santa  Barbara,  116  East  Sola  Street. 


OIL  SERVICE  STATION 
Plans  have  been  completed  by  H.  A.  Hall, 
engineer  for  Standard  Oil  Co.,  225  Bush  Street, 
San  Francisco,  for  a  $7500  class  C  steel  and  brick 
service  station  to  be  erected  at  northwest  corner 
of  Durant  and  Fulton  Streets,  Berkeley,  for  Stan- 
dard Oil  Co.  of  California. 

There  will  be  two  buildings,  of  steel  and  brick 
construction  with  tar  and  gravel  roof,  steel  sash. 
cement  floor  and  driveway;   6  gasoline  tanks. 


DISTINGUISHED  ENGINEERS  DINED 
Harrison  P.  Eddy,  president  of  the  American 
Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  and  George  T.  Sea- 
bury,  secretary,  were  guests  of  the  San  Francisco 
section  of  the  Society  at  the  Engineers  Club,  the 
evening  of  July  23. 

Dinner  was  served  at  6:30  o'clock,  after  which 
the  members  mingled  with  their  distinguished 
visitors  who  were  en  route  to  New  York  after 
attending  the  Vancouver,  B.C.,  convention. 


ARCHITECTS  ELECT 
Louis  N.  Crawford,  architect  of  Santa  Maria, 
has  been  elected  president  of  Santa  Barbara 
Chapter,  American  Institute  of  Architects.  Mr. 
Crawford  succeeds  Winsor  Soule,  Santa  Barbara, 
who  was  elected  treasurer.  Other  officers  are 
Keith  Lockard,  Santa  Barbara,  vice-president,  and 
Ralph  Armitage.  Santa  Barbara,  secretary. 


ARCHITECTS  CELEBRATE 
Celebration  of  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the 
construction  of  the  Tacoma  Hotel  was  the  main 
topic  for  forensic  eloquence  at  the  August  meet- 
ing of  the  Washington  State  Chapter.  A.  I.  A. 
George  Gove  officiated  as  chairman  of  the  cele- 
bration committee. 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  August.  1934 


63 


COUNTY  COURT  HOUSE 
Plans  are  progressing  at  Oakland  for  the  pro- 
posed new  six-story  and  basement  court  house 
building  at  12th  and  Oak  Streets,  that  city.  Con- 
struction is  expected  to  go  forward  late  in  Octo- 
ber. The  final  plans  are  to  be  submitted  to  the 
Supervisors  on  or  about  October  15th.  The  arch- 
itects for  this  $1 ,500.000  structure  are  W.  G.  Cor- 
lett,  W.  E.  Schirmer,  H.  A.  Minton,  Carl  Werner 
and  James  W,  Plachek.  G.  M.  Simonson  has  been 
selected  as  mechanical  engineer. 


EDWIN  J.  SYMMES  BUSY 
Edwin  J.  Symmes,  215  Haberfelde  Building. 
Bakersfield,  is  busy  on  plans  for  a  number  of 
school  buildings  and  additions  in  Kern  County. 
He  has  completed  drawings  for  a  reinforced  con- 
crete structure  at  Shatter  having  fourteen  class- 
rooms and  costing  approximately  $80,000.  He  has 
also  finished  drawings  for  a  music  hall  for  the 
Delano  Joint  Union  High  School  District,  and 
he  is  at  work  on  plans  for  several  minor  school 
jobs  in  the  vicinity  of  Bakersfield. 


LIBRARY  BUILDING 
Messrs.  Allison  6  Allison,  1014  Edison  Build- 
ing, Los  Angeles  are  preparing  working  drawings 
for  a  new  library  building  at  Ontario  for  the 
Chaffey  Junior  College  and  High  School  District. 
The  building  will  contain  a  repository  for  books, 
reading  room  with  a  capacity  of  200.  high  school 
reading  room  with  a  capacity  of  100,  periodical 
room,  etc.    Cost  is  estimated  at  $65,000, 


CONCRETE  OFFICE  BUILDING 
Allen  G.  Siple,  450  N.  Beverly  Drive,  Beverly 
Hills,  will  revise  plans  for  a  one-story  office  build- 
ing to  be  built  at  9699  Wilshire  Boulevard,  Bev- 
erly Hills  for  E,  Broox  Randall  6  Son,  The  build- 
ing is  triangular  in  shape,  59x72x85  feet  and  of 
reinforced  concrete  construction. 


MENLO  PARK  ESTATE 
Plans  are  being  prepared  in  the  office  of  Noble 
and  Archie  T.  Newsom,  Russ  Building,  San 
Francisco,  for  an  early  California  ranch  house 
on  the  estate  of  the  Alpine  Properties  Company 
in  Menlo  Park,  Santa  Clara  County,  Besides  the 
house,  there  will  be  a  number  of  out  buildings, 
including  stables,  dairy,  servants'  quarters,  etc. 


GRASS  VALLEY  CITY  HALL 
A  two-story  and  basement  reinforced  concrete 
city  hall  will  be  built  at  Grass  Valley  from  plans 
by  Charles  F.  Dean,  California  State  Life  Build- 
ing, Sacramento,  The  structural  engineer  is  F,  W, 
Kellberg.  Approximately  $25,000  will  be  ex- 
pended on  the  improvements. 


ALL-ELECTRIC  HOME 
A  twelve-room  all-electric  home  has  just  been 
completed  at  Mansfield,  Ohio,  by  engineers  of  the 
Westinghouse  Electric  and  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany, It  is  equipped  with  scores  upon  scores  of 
electrical  devices  designed  for  convenience,  com- 
fort, health  and  .safety — so  many  that  the  electric 
consumption  will  run  about  18,000  kilowatt  hours 
per  year,  as  compared  with  an  average  in  P,  G. 
and  E.  territory  of  750  kilowatt  hours  per  home 
per  year.  The  house  contains  more  than  three 
miles  of  wire. 

In  addition  to  all  appliances  now  in  general  use. 
the  electric  features  in  this  novel  residence  in- 
clude: an  electrically-heated  sun  room,  an  "elec- 
tric eye"  burglar  alarm,  air-conditioning  equip- 
ment, an  electric  clothes  drier  in  the  laundry,  an 
electrically-heated  compartment  in  the  bathroom 
to  dry  towels,  infra-red  ray  lamps  over  the  show- 
ers, motor-driven  ventilators  to  draw  off  odors 
from  the  kitchen,  doors  which  open  automatically 
when  anyone  approaches  them,  a  dining  room 
lighting  system  with  which  color  combinations  can 
be  worked  out  to  match  gowns  or  table  decora- 
tions,   

HALF  MOON  BAY  HOTEL 
A  $30,000  frame  and  stucco  store  and  hotel 
building  is  under  construction  at  Half  Moon  Bay 
lor  F.  Belli.  Work  is  being  handled  by  Charles 
W.  Jackson  of  San  Mateo.  Besides  eight  rooms, 
I  here  will  be  four  two  -  room  apartments,  two 
'Stores,  dining  room,  bar.  etc. 


THIRTY  UNIT  SCHOOL  BUILDING 
Carleton  M,  Winslow,  Architects  Building,  Los 
Angeles,  has  been  commissioned  to  prepare  plans 
for  a  30-unit  addition  to  the  Miramonte  School, 
on  68th  Street,  Los  Angeles.  John  and  Donald 
B.  Parkinson  will  design  an  18-unit  addition  to 
the  Lafayette  Junior  High   School,   Los  Angeles, 


VALLEJO  AND  PITTSBURG  THEATERS 
Construction  has  started  on  extensive  altera- 
tions to  the  Fox-Virginia  Theater  at  Vallejo  and 
for  a  new  playhouse  at  Pittsburg,  Contra  Costa 
County,  from  plans  by  F.  Frederic  Amandes, 
1879  18th  Avenue.  San  Francisco. 


WOODSIDE  RANCH  HOUSE 
A  California  type  ranch  house  is  being  erected 
at   Woodside,    San    Mateo   County,   on    the   Roy 
N.   Bishop   Estate.    W.   W.   Wurster,   260   Cali- 
fornia Street,  San   Francisco,  is  the  architect. 


HIGH  SCHOOL  ADDITION 
At  Healdsburg,  Sonoma  County,  a  $60,000  re- 
inforced concrete  addition  is  planned  to  the  high 
school.    The  drawings  are  being  prepared  by  John 
I.  Easterly,  302  Grand  Ave.,  Healdsburg. 


64 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  August.  1934 


NORTHERN  CALIFORNIA  CHAPTER 
The  regular  monthly  meeting  of  Northern  Cali- 
fornia Chapter,  A. I. A.,  was  held  at  Marquard's. 
San  Francisco.  Tuesday,  May  29.    President  Al- 
bert J.  Evers  presiding. 

Chester  H.  Miller,  delegate,  rendered  an  inter- 
esting account  of  the  66th  A. I. A.  convention,  held 
in  Washington,  D.C.,  May  16-18.  The  principal 
actions  of  the  convention  were  briefly  enumerated. 
Of  chief  interest  was  his  announcement  of  the 
election  to  Fellowship  of  two  members  of  North- 
ern California  Chapter.  Albert  J.  Evers  and  F.  H. 
Meyer.  It  was  pleasing  to  learn,  further,  that  by 
action  of  the  convention  John  Henry  Nash  of  San 
Francisco  had  been  elected  to  Honorary  Mem- 
bership in  the  Institute. 

Progress  in  the  organization  of  the  Construc- 
tion League  of  California  was  outlined  by  Mr. 
Evers. 

The  Chapter  was  informed  of  the  action  of  the 
Board  of  Directors  in  suggesting  to  the  Central 
California  Contractors  Association  of  the  Asso- 
ciated General  Contractors  ways  for  bettering  the 
building  industry.  Care  in  the  selection  of  sub- 
contractors and  close  inspection  of  their  work 
were  cited  as  responsibilities  which  should  be  as- 
sumed by  the  general  contractor. 

Mr.  Roeth  spoke  on  the  scope  and  policy  of 
the  SERA. 

Candidates  were  selected  for  the  consideration 
of  Mayor  Rossi  in  making  appointments  to  fill 
two  vacancies  in  the  Art  Commission  as  follows: 
John  Reid,  Jr.,  Eldridge  T.  Spencer.  Earle  B. 
Bertz.  Wm.  I.  Garren,  Alfred  Henry  Jacobs,  J. 
Francis  Ward,  Edward  L.  Frick. 

The  resolution  of  Mr.  Roeth,  seconded  by  Mr. 
Morrow,  was  passed  as  follows: 

"Resolved,  That  the  sense  of  the  meeting  be 
placed  on  record  to  advocate  that  public  and 
private  cHents  consider  the  Bay  District  as  one 
area  in  the  selection  of  architects,  and  that  such 
selection  be  based  on  the  qualification  of  ability 
to  perform  the  work." 

The  recommendation  of  the  San  Francisco 
Chamber  of  Commerce  to  Mayor  Rossi  for  the 
establishing  of  a  Public  Housing  Authority  was 
announced  by  Mr.  Garren. 

The  action  of  the  Board  of  Directors  in  re- 
questing Mayor  Rossi  to  take  steps  to  procure 
San  Francisco  Development  drawings  for  exhibit 
and  future  reference  was  announced. — J.H.M. 


SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA  CHAPTER 
Substituting  a  round-table  discussion  for  com- 
mittee reports.  Southern  California  Chapter. 
American  Institute  of  Architects,  held  its  regular 
monthly  meeting  at  the  Flintridge  Riding  Club 
in  Pasadena,  July  10. 

Dinner  was  served  out  of  doors,  following 
which  Reginald  D.  Johnson  showed  several  slow 
motion  pictures  of  horse  events  at  the  Tenth 
Olympiad  held  in  Los  Angeles  in  1932.  The  re- 
mainder of  the  evening  was  devoted  to  bridge  and 
political  discussions. 

The  following  members  attended  the  meet- 
ing: Reginald  D.  Johnson,  Ralph  C.  Flewelling, 
E.  F.  Bissantz,  Joseph  Kaiser,  Frank  A.  Vigers. 
Leland  Fuller,  Heth  Wharton.  Henry  Carlton 
Newton,  Donald  Beach  Kirby,  Samuel  Lunden, 
Eugene  Weston.  Jr..  Sumner  Spaulding.  Elmer 
Grey.  S.  B.  Marston.  Herbert  Powell.  Harold 
Wildman.  Earl  Heitschmidt  and  Kemper  Nom- 
land. 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  August,  1934 


STATE  ASSOCIATIONS 
The  State  Association  of  California  Architects 
held  a  dinner  meeting  at  the  Rosslyn  Hotel.  Los 
Angeles.  August  8,  for  the  purpose  of  discussing 
a  proposal  now  before  the  Los  Angeles  city  coun- 
cil to  consolidate  the  Los  Angeles  Building  and 
Safety  Commission  and  other  city  commissions. 
Speakers  on  the  program,  and  their  subjects,  were 
as  follows: 

Robert  H.  Orr,  former  member  of  the  Building 
and  Safety  Commission,  a  general  statement  about 
the  work  of  the  commission  during  his  term  of 
office. 

Wm.  H.  Menn.  president  of  the  commission. 
"Is  this  in  the  interest  of  economy?" 

Wm.  Simpson,  past  president  of  the  Los  An- 
geles Chamber  of  Commerce,  "Is  the  board  neces- 
sary in  its  present  form?" 

N.  E.  Dawson,  of  the  Soule  Steel  Co..  "Should 
the  city  charter  be  amended,  and  if  so,  how?" 

F.  J.  Connolly,  manager  of  the  Southern  Cali- 
fornia Chapter.  Associated  General  Contractors, 
"The  general  reaction  of  the  building  industry  to 
this  proposal." 

C.  J.  Derrick.  "The  engineers'  point  of  view." 

Sumner  Spaulding.  president  of  the  Southern 
California  Chapter.  The  American  Institute  of 
Architects.  "The  effect  on  the  architect." 


65 


MOXEL  METAL 

[Hiff/i  Nickel  Alloy} 

is  the  accepted  material  for  soda  foun- 
tains and  lunch-room  equipment,  just  as 
it  is  the  universal  metal  for  food  service 
equipment  in  leading  hotels  and  restau- 
rants throughout  the  country. 


CORROSIRON 

[Acid  Resisting  Irani 

is  the  accepted  material  for  draining 
v.'aste  lines.  CORROSIRON  meets  all 
State  and  Municipal  specifications  for 
drain  lines  from  school  laboratories  and 
chemistry  rooms^ 


Pacific  Foundry  Company  Ltd. 
Pacific  Metals  Company  Ltd. 


470  East  Third  St.        3100  Nineteenth  St. 
LOS  ANGELES  SAN  FRANCISCO 


551  Fifth  Ave. 
NEW  YORK 


The    only    Building    Paper    with    a    Factor    of    Safety 


B 


ROWNSKl 

Resilient  Waterproof 
Building    Paper 


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Building  paper  is  the  most  important  material 
in  proportion  to  its  cost,  that  goes  into  your 
house. 

BROWNSKIN  is  impregnated  to  prevent  any 
form  of  moisture  from  penetrating  its  surfaces 
even  to  the  slightest  degree. 

BROWNSKIN  will  afford  complete  protection 
from  moisture,  weather,  and  vermin,  allowing  a 
marked  economy  through  securing  a  douhle  pro- 
tection with  a  single  method. 

Manufactured  and  Distributed  by 

ANGIER      CORPORATION 

Framingham,  Mass. 


San  Francisco 

269  Potrero  Avenue 

HEmlock  4100 


Los  Angeles 

539  So.  Clarence  St. 

ANgelus  11486 


66 


SPECIALIZED  EXPLORERS 
Interesting  views  on  the  exploration  field  were 
expressed  by  Roy  Chapman  Andrews,  leader  of 
the  Asiatic,  Gobi  Desert  and  Borden  Alaska  Ex- 
peditions of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  in  his  address  at  the  First  Choosing-a- 
Career  Conference  for  college  men  and  women, 
held  by  L.  Bamberger  &  Co.,  in  Newark,  N.  J., 
on  June  26th,  27th  and  28th.  Thousands  of  col- 
lege students  from  virtually  every  state  in  the 
union  attended  the  conference. 

Dr.  Andrews'  comments  in  part  will  be  found 
most  interesting: 

"If  you  are  going  to  try  to  come  into  Natural 
History  work,  into  any  museum,  or  go  into  ex- 
ploring, specialize.  Come  in  and  say,  '1  am  a 
zoologist,  1  am  a  paleontologist.  If  you  want  me 
to  join  this  expedition,  I  can  go  as  a  topographer, 
I  can  go  as  a  radio  expert,  I  can  go  as  a  motor 
expert,'  and  if  you  come  to  a  man  who  is  organ- 
izing an  expedition  with  qualifications  of  that  sort, 
you  can  be  considered.  But  if  you  just  come  to 
him  and  say,  'I  am  a  good  camp  man  and  I  am  a 
good  shot  and  I  am  not  frightened  of  natives  or 
bandits,'  that  just  does  not  mean  anything,  be- 
cause we  can  hire  out  in  the  field,  natives  to  do 
the  work  so  much  cheaper  and  so  much  better 
than  white  men  that  we  always  take  natives. 

"I  had  forty  men  on  my  last  expedition;  fifteen 
of  them  were  foreigners,  and  every  one  of  them 
was  a  specialist.  Every  other  man  on  the  expe- 
dition was  a  native.  So  come  to  a  man  who  is 
organizing  an  expedition,  as  a  specialist  and 
don't  worry  about  it.  Don't  write  to  him  if  you 
aren't  a  specialist. 

"There  are  one  or  two  cases,  such  as  Dick 
Byrd's  Expedition,  today,  where  he  doesn't  need 
other  than  specialists,  but  those  cases  are  very 
rare,  and  there  will  be  very  few  expeditions  of 
that  sort  later. 

"Another  thing:  Don't  ever  expect  to  make 
a  lot  of  money  out  of  either  Natural  History  or 
Exploration,  because  you  will  be  disappointed. 
If  you  go  with  that  idea,  you  had  better  stay  out 
of  it.  You  can  make  a  living  and  you  may  make 
a  good  living  if  you  have  other  qualities — if  you 
can  lecture,  if  you  can  write  well,  if  you  can  give 
radio  talks.  Those  are  the  prerequisites;  if  you 
are  able  to  do  them,  they  will  help  out  your  living. 
But  if  you  go  into  a  museum,  the  salaries  are 
never  great  and  never  will  be. 

"If  you  have  a  private  income,  it  helps  a  lot, 
because  then  you  can  afford  to  work  for  a  smaller 
salary,  if  you  are  not  entirely  dependent  upon 
your  income,  and  it  makes  your  whole  life  easier. 
But  if  you  have  no  private  income,  don't  expect, 
ever,  that  you  are  going  to  make  a  lot  of  money 
out  of  it. 

The  Architect  and  Engineer,  August.  1934 


"As  I  have  said,  one  message  I  want  to  leave 
with  you  today  is,  don't  go  in  or  attempt  to  train 
yourself  for  Natural  History  or  Exploration  un- 
less you  simply  can't  be  happy  doing  anything 
else, 

"I  was  at  a  dinner  the  other  night  with  a  group 
of  men  and  we  were  looking  back  over  our  lives 
and  wondering  what  we  would  have  been,  what 
we  would  have  liked  to  be  if  we  could  live  our 
lives  over,  and  searching  my  life  with  the  great- 
est care.  I  found  out  that  there  was  nothing  in 
the  world  that  I  would  rather  have  done,  or 
rather  be  doing,  but  I  am  a  specialized  case.  I 
was  a  born  naturalist,  a  born  explorer;  I  wasn't 
made. 

"The  great  artists  have  been  born  artists;  they 
haven't  been  made,  and  you  will  get  very  little 
money  but  you  will  get  out  of  it  something  that 
money  can't  buy,  and  that  is  the  sort  of  happi- 
ness that  I  have  had  during  these  years  of  life." 


Mr.  Andrews  was  asked  for  a  reply  to  Mr. 
Barton,  one  of  the  speakers  who  preceded  him  and 
who  said  that  he  found  more  contentment  in  a 
group  of  Chinese  rivermen  than  he  did  in  a  group 
of  New  York  brokers.  Do  you  agree  with  him, 
thinking  that  people  are  happier  in  primitive 
countries  than  they  are  in  the  more  civilized  coun- 
tries? 

Mr,  Andrews:  I  think  so,  yes.  Their  needs 
aren't  so  great;  their  wants  aren't  so  great,  there- 
fore, they  don't  have  to  strive  so  hard  to  satisfy 
them. 

Question:  What  do  you  think  of  women  going 
into  exploring? 

Mr.  Andrews:  I  had  intended  to  talk  about 
that  today,  but  I  didn't  because  it  is  a  question 
which  will  probably  get  me  into  very,  very  bad 
odor  with  the  women,  but  I  don't  believe  in 
women  in  exploration  unless  they  go  off  on  their 
own  jobs.  I  take  this  point  of  view:  I  have  had 
3000  applications  from  women  to  join  my  expe- 
ditions, and  I  say,  if  a  woman  can  do  a  job  in 
exploration  better  than  a  man,  then  there  is  some 
excuse  for  taking  her,  but  if  she  can't  do  a  job 
any  better  than  a  man  ( I  don't  know  any  job  that 
they  can  do  better  than  men  in  exploration)  then 
there  is  no  reason  to  handicap  yourself  by  a 
woman  who  admittedly  has  disadvantages." 


BUILDING  COSTS  DROP  8y3% 
Although  the  general  building  cost  is  28  per- 
cent higher  than  a  year  ago,  there  has  been  a 
drop  of  SVs  percent  since  the  first  of  this  year. 
Also  costs  at  present  are  appreciably  lower  than 
in  1932  and  28.8  percent  below  1929  figures,  ac- 


Stanley 
Ball  Bearing  Hinges 


lOR  smooth,  trouble-free  operation  of 
doors   for   the   life   of  the    building. 

You  will  find  our  "Architect':;  Man- 
ual of  Stanley  Hardware"  very 
useful  in  making  up  hard\/are 
specifications.     Send  for  a  <  opy. 


THE  STANLEY  WORKS 
New  Britain,  Conn. 

SAN   FRANCISCO 
576  Monadnock  Bidg. 

LOS  ANGELES 
407  American  Bank  Bids. 

SEATTLE 
619  Mutual  Life  Bids. 

[STANLEY] 


BUILD 
W  E  L  L^ 

A  PROPERLY  designed  and  well  built 

building  is  a  credit  to  any  city  and 

a  worth  while  investment  for  its  owner. 

Such  structures  are  the  Stand- 
ard Oil  Building,  Matson 
Building,  Four-Fifty  Sut- 
ter Street,  Stock  Exchange, 
S.  F.  Base  Ball  Park,  Mills 
Tower,  Opera  House  and 
Veterans'  Memorl'^l,  San 
Francisco,  and  other  notable 
structures — all  built  or  super- 
vised by  — 

Liudgreii  &  Swinerton,  Inc. 


Standard  Oil  Building 
San  Francisco 


605  W.  Tenth  Street 
Los  Angeles 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  August,  1934 


67 


GET      THE      FACTS 

When  you  want  complete  information  on  an  Oil 
Burner  for  domestic  service,  you  will  find  this  informa- 
tion conveniently  arranged  in  our  new  catalog 
No.  34-H. 

It  covers  sises,  capacities,  oil  consumption,  ignition. 
and  oil  feed  so  completely  that  you  can  readily  select 
the  correct  burner  for  any  given  application. 

All  burners  are  fully  illustrated  and  construction  details 
and  methods  of  operation  arc  fully  covered.  You  need 
a  copy  of  our  new  catalog  No.  34-H  to  complete  your 
files.     Why  not  write  for  it  today? 

S.  T.  JOHIVSON  COMPAIW 

940    ARLINGTON    AVENUE 
OAKLAND,         CALIFORNIA 


CONCRETE 

FOR 

San  Francisco  Pier  and  Fender 
and  Marin  Pier 

—  and  — 

Anchorages  and  Piers  of 
Approach  Spans 

OF  THE 

GOLDEIV   GATE   BRIDGE 

FURNISHED   BY 

PACIFIC  COAST  AGGREGATES,  INC. 


GOLDEN    GATE -ATLAS    MATERIALS    COMPANY 
85  Second  Street  San  Francisco 


cording    to    a    composite    index    prepared    by    the 
Dow  Service. 

"To  be  sure,  building  costs  have  increased  hke 
nearly  everything  else  from  the  all-time  lows  of 
a  year  ago,"  writes  Myron  L.  Matthews  in  the 
current  Dow  Service  Building  Reports:  "but  when 
current  prices  and  wages  paid  on  actual  construc- 
tion projects  are  compared  with  cost  for  other 
periods,  the  index   shows: 

Building  Costs 

March,  1934  71.5;  1930 99.3 

October.  1933 66,8;  1929 -  100.3 

July.  1933  55.0:1928 99.4 

1932 72.0:1927 99.5 

1931 84.0:1926.. 100.0 

Continuing  his  analysis,  Mr.  Matthews  says: 
"The  lowest  index  being  55  for  July  1933,  and 
the  1929  figure  being  100,3,  a  range  of  45.3  points, 
exact  attainment  of  half  return  to  1929  building 
cost  would  place  the  index  at  77.65,  whereas  it 
stands  at  the  March  figure  of  71.5,  with  no  indi- 
cation that  it  will  go  higher  for  the  present.  There 
is  supporting  evidence  in  many  quarters  to  the 
belief  that  there  will  be  a  further  slight  recession, 
though  not  enough  to  encourage  prospective  build- 
ers to  await  a  better  market, 

"It  is  considered  unlikely  that  the  market  will 
for  years  to  come  be  more  attractive  than  it  is  at 
the  present," 


68 


NEW  CLIENTS  FROM  OLD  HOUSES 

By  Alexander  Carl  Guth,  A. I. A. 

in  The  Octagon 

This  will  not  pertain  to  those  characters  of  our 
great  centers  who  awaken  us  in  the  early  morn- 
ing with  their  calls  "old  clothes  for  sale."  It  will 
concern  itself  with  the  part  any  architect  can  play 
in  the  changing  hands  of  another  type  of  old 
clothes,  namely  —  old  houses,  the  clothes  of  an 
entire  family. 

During  these  waning  months  of  the  great  de- 
pression and  the  busy  years  of  the  so  to  be  termed 
"post  depression  period"  which  will  follow,  many 
an  old  house  or  homestead  will  change  owners.  So 
the  following  question  seems  to  the  point.  Does 
the  fact  ever  cross  the  minds  of  the  rank  and  file 
of  architects  what  an  important  part  they  might 
and  should  play  in  these  transactions  —  that  an 
architect  can  here  do  something  of  real  benefit  to 
all  concerned  and  likewise  put  some  additional 
shekels  in  his  depleted  coffers?  Listen  to  a  real 
old  clothes  story  taken  from  life.  Once  upon  a 
time,  as  all  good  stories  start,  a  close  friend  of  a 
certain  architect  became  enthused  over  a  charm- 
ing house,  (It  was  only  good  to  look  at.)  The 
house  in  question  had  had  many  tenants  in  a  very 
short  time.  This  prompted  the  friends  of  the  pros- 
pective buyer  to  warn  him  to  go  easy  lest  some- 

Thc  Architect  and  Engineer.  August.  1934 


thing  might  be  radically  wrong  with  the  house. 

Unmindful  and   unheedful   he   dashed   right   in 
and  purchased  it  in  short  order.    And  did  he  get 
"stung"?    That   is  not   the  word  to  use.    During 
the  lapse  of  the  last  two  years  this  house  has  been 
hoisted  up  in  the  air  and  now  it  rests  on  a  steel 
framework  of  columns  and  girders.    It's  a  frame 
house,  at  that,  with  a  brick  basement.   And  all  this 
because  the  house  had  been  built  directly  over  a 
swamp.    New  pier  footings  had  to  be  placed  nine 
feet  below  the  basement  floor.    Now,  true  friend 
architect,  had  he  been  consulted,  would  not  have 
been  able  to  sense  that  swamp.    It  was  buried  too 
deep.    But  had  he  been  called  in  during  the  time 
the   transaction  was  in   the  making,   and  had  he 
made  only  a  casual  survey  of   the  premises,   his 
trained  eyes  would  no  doubt  have  detected  some- 
thing   radically   wrong.     Uneven    floors,    sticking 
doors,  and  out  of  plumb  jambs  are  warning  sig- 
nals.  This  is  no  place,  however,  to  moralize  on  the 
story.    It  would  be  if  the  pages  of  this  publication 
were  read  more  generally  by  the  general  public. 
Few  laymen  relatively  speaking,  see  it.    But  this 
is  the  time  and  the  place  to  tell  the  architect  that 
he   can  be   of   material   service   to   the   "buyer   of 
old  clothes".    Apparently   this  sphere  of  activity 
on  the  part  of  the  architect  has  been  entirely  over- 
looked.   There   is  no  doubt  that  there  are  other 
so-called    "swamp   houses"    of   which   prospective 
owners  should  be  made  wary. 

The  average  citizen  is  loath  enough  to  come  to 
an  architect  with  a  new  building  project.    Educa- 
tion is  gradually  wearing  down  this  feeling.    And 
so.  also,  must  be  worn  down  the  attitude  that  an 
architect  can  not  be  of  material  assistance   to  a 
prospective  buyer  when  he  is  about  to  purchase 
"old   clothes".     The    professional   service   of    the 
experienced  architect  should  be  called  upon  freely 
by  the  layman.   When  purchasing  anything  as  im- 
portant  as   a  home   the   prospective   home   owner 
would  be  the  material  gainer  if  he  pursued  this 
method.    As  a  rule  he  makes  no  bones  about  ask- 
ing   his    architect    friend    innumerable    questions 
every  time  he  has  a  chance.    He  buttonholes  him 
every  now  and  then  about  what  may  appear  to 
him  as  trivial  problems.    Yet  they  are  matters  of 
real  stock  in  trade  to  the  architect,  who  has  gath- 
ered them  not  for  the  purpose  of  hoarding  them 
but  to  put  them  to  use.    They  are  income  produc- 
ing  facts  but  the  architect  of  today  is  not  quite 
ready  to  admit  that  or  if  he  does  do  so  he  has 
failed  to  grasp  the  full  meaning  of  their  value. 

Has  any  member  of  the  profession  ever  stopped 
and  figured  out  the  amount  of  free  advice  which 
an  architect  is  called  upon  to  furnish?  His  coun- 
sel and  advice  are  for  the  asking,  and  he  seems 
almost  keen  on  dishing  it  out  promiscuously.  Com- 
pare the  loose  tongue  of  the  architect  with  that  of 

The  Architect  and  Engineer.  August.  1934 


CROWN  CEMENT 
PRODUCTS,   LTD. 

1717  -  17th  St.  HEmlock  5171 

San  Francisco 

•   •   • 

Manufacturers 
of 

Certified  Vibrated  and 
Centrifically  moulded 
Concrete  Products 

•  •  • 

Wall  Tile  and  Insulating  Partition  Tile. 
"Spuncrete"    Pipe    for    all    pressures. 


MODERNIZE 

with  the 

Cutler 
Mail  Chute 

Over  fifty  years  of  ex- 
„^Z:_  -^    '  perience  and  improve- 

-   -       _  ment  in  Manufacturing 

' Equipment,  Product  and 

Service  have  made  the  • 
Cutler  Mail  Chute  an 

! outstanding  Hall-mark  of 

j    j  progressive  management 

';'  in  office  buildings,  hotels 

,    I  and  apartments. 

-  _         It  guarantees  to  the  tenant 

^      up-to-date  mail  service  and 

,  '  1      saves  the  owner  its  cost  in 

reduced  elevator  operation. 

Information  and  details  furnished  on  request. 

CUTLER  MAIL  CHUTE  CO. 

General  OfRces  and  Factory,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y.  | 


69 


B^^^^^^ 

The  new  Decatur 
De  Luxe  Lavatory, 
illustrated  here,  is 
representative  of 
the    MUELLER 
hne  of  quality  vit' 
reous  china. 

MUELLER  CO. 

Decatur,    111. 

San   Francisco   Branch: 
1072-76  Howard  St. 

■IHi 

1 

The  Modern  Way — 

BUILD    WITH    STEEL 

Protect  your  Investment  from 

Fire  and  Quake 

Structural  Steel  for  Buildings 

and  Bridges 


JUDSON-PACIFIC  CO. 

609  MISSION  STREET,  SAN  FRANOSCO 
DOuglas  4460 

Plants,  San  Francisco  and  Oakland 


Apex  Bio -Air  Fan  Heaters 


Portable  and  Wall  Types 

1320  watts  to  4000  watts 
Thermostat  Control  if  Desired 

SomethinB   New   and  Better 
Tests    show    50';     greater    temperature 


APEX  Manufacturing  Company 

Oakland,  California 

Distributors 

SANDOVAL   SALES   CO. 

557   Market  St.,  San   Francisco 

APEX  SALES  CO. 
1855  Industrial  St..  Los  Angeles 


Product  of 

CALIFORNIA  SHADE  CLOTH  CO. 

1710  San  Bruno  Avenue,  San  Francisco 

Manufacturers  of 

QUALITY  HAND  MADE  SHADE  CLOTH 
IN  ALL  GRADES 


H^holesale  Distributors 

SLOANE-BLABON  LINOLEUM 


his  fellow  professional  men — the  lawyer  and  the 
doctor.  Many  a  family  doctor  makes  the  rounds 
of  his  daily  calls  in  a  high  grade  motor  car,  and 
is  materially  compensated  by  the  fees  for  the  many 
brief  visits  which  he  makes  daily.  A  bit  of  advice 
concerning  your  last  stomach  ache  and  there's  a 
bill!  But  the  architect,  great  philanthropist  that 
he  is,  dispenses  his  free  advice  right  and  left. 
Roof  and  leaky  wall  conditions,  window  or  door 
hardware  that  needs  replacement,  the  proper  color 
for  the  new  coat  of  wall  paint  are  all  the  items 
calling  for  free  advice  in  a  day's  program.  The 
ability  to  solve  these  small  problems  correctly  was 
gained  in  the  hard  school  of  personal  experience, 
at  large  expense  of  time  and  money.  Yet  the  an- 
swers are  to  be  had  for  the  asking! 

And  what  should  be  done  about  it?  The  answer 
is  not  to  be  found  in  Kidder,  or  Trautwine,  or 
Vignola.  It  is,  simply,  that  the  architect  must 
use  a  little  common  sense,  and  be  more  discrim- 
inating  in  donating  his  stock  in  trade  to  others. 

So,  when  casual  acquaintance,  friend,  uncle,  or 
Cousin  Kate  consult  you  about  that  door  which 
they  would  like  to  move,  about  that  new  type  of 
wall  paper  for  the  living  room,  or  that  water  soft- 
ener, or  the  new  heater,  give  all  the  advice  that 
is  necessary  for  a  practical  solution  of  the  vexa- 
tious matter  (if  it  be  such)  and  then  don't  be 
chicken  hearted — send  a  bill  for  professional  serv- 
ices rendered. 


GAS  ENGINEERS'  HANDBOOK 

The  "Gas  Engineers'  Handbook.  "  containing 
thorough  technical  data  on  all  phases  of  fuel  util- 
ization, including  heating,  has  recently  been  pub- 
lished by  the  McGraw-Hill  Book  Co.,  Inc.,  New 
York. 

The  book  is  a  comprehensive  and  authoritative 
reference  manual,  bringing  together  in  one  volume 
the  physical,  chemical,  thermodynamic,  and  other 
constants  and  formulas  used  most  frequently  by 
the  gas  engineer  in  his  work.  All  phases  of  the 
subject  are  covered,  including  fundamental  mathe- 
matics, properties  of  materials,  liquids  and  gases. 
heat  and  combustion,  testing  and  measurement, 
transmission  and  distribution,  and  utilization,  both 
industrial  and  domestic. 

Prepared  by  the  Gas  Engineers'  Handbook 
Committee  of  the  Pacific  Coast  Gas  Association, 
the  book  was  edited  by  S.  H.  Graf,  Director  of 
Engineering  Research,  Oregon  State  College. 
Corvallis,  and  reviewed  by  a  special  engineers' 
committee  of  the  American  Gas  Association. 

Copies  of  the  volume  ( $7.50  each )  may  be  or- 
dered from  the  publisher  or  from  the  Gas  Engi- 
neers' Handbook  Committee  of  the  Pacific  Coast 
Gas  Association,  Clifford  Johnstone,  Secretary. 
447  Sutter  St..  San  Francisco. 


70 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  August,  1934 


SPECIFICATIONS  OF  NON-FEDERAL 
P.W.A.  PROJECTS 
The  Herman  Nelson  Corporation  has  called  to 
our  attention  a  serious  and  widespread  misunder- 
standing among  architects  concerning  the  way  in 
which  specifications  should  be  written  for  P.W.A. 
non-Federal  projects  such  as  schools,  hospitals, 
housing,  etc.  Many  architects  appear  to  believe 
that  they  must  on  this  class  of  work  follow  the 
same  government  specifications  as  for  Federal 
work  and  even  more  believe  that  it  is  forbidden  to 
mention  materials  and  equipment  by  brand  or  trade 
name.  It  is  important  for  these  architects  to  real- 
ize that  on  non-Federal  projects  which  have  re- 
ceived grants  or  loans  from  the  P.W.A.,  they  may 
adhere  to  local  practice  and  write  their  specifica- 
tions in  accordance  therewith. 

The  Administration  at  Washington  has  stated 
that  P.W.A.  State  Engineers  are  instructed  to  ap- 
prove plans  as  regards  their  compliance  with  the 
original  basis  for  the  allocation  of  funds— not  as 
to  specific  details  of  materials  and  construction  but 
as  to  general  compliance.  After  such  approval,  it 
is  the  duty  of  the  Department  of  Inspection  of  the 
P.W.A.  to  see  to  it  that  these  plans  and  specifica- 
tions are  complied  with  and  that  any  materials  or 
equipment  furnished  under  the  approved  plans  and 
specifications  are  in  keeping  with  their  direct  in- 
tent and  meaning.  There  is  nothing  in  the  regula- 
tions to  prohibit  the  approval  of  specifications  call- 
ing for  the  use  of  local  materials  and  products  or 
otherwise  in  conflict  with  the  local  practices  of 
architects. — Pencil  Points. 


FORDERER  CORNICE  WORKS  EXPANDS 
The  Forderer  Cornice  Works  has  opened  a 
Southern  California  office  and  warehouse  at  539 
South  Clarence  Street,  Los  Angeles.  A  complete 
line  of  construction  specialties  has  been  added  to 
the  well  known  Forderer  products,  all  of  which 
are  now  carried  in  stock  in  Los  Angeles.  H.  J. 
Krueper,  formerly  in  charge  of  Barnes  Corning 
Company  in  Los  Angeles,  has  been  appointed  the 
Forderer  representative  in  Southern  California. 


GARAGE  ALTERATIONS 

Extensive  alterations  are  to  be  made  to  the 
garage  at  17th,  Kansas  and  Rhode  Island  Streets, 
San  Francisco,  for  the  Pacific  Greyhound  Lines. 
A  contract  for  the  work  has  been  let  to  G.  P.  W. 
Jensen,  320  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  for 
approximately  $50,000,    Miller  &  Pflueger  are  the 

architects,  

BREWERY  ADDITION 
Joseph  H.  Wohleb,  Olympia,  Washington, 
has  been  retained  to  prepare  plans  for  an  addition 
to  the  Century  Brewery  Company's  plant  at 
Seattle.  He  prepared  the  plans  for  the  main  unit 
a  year  ago. 


Rustless  Metal  Store  Fronts, 
Windows,  Doors,  Mouldings 
and     Architectural     Castings 


Good  buildings  do  not  just  happen. 
They  come  as  a  result  of  working  with 
good  materials  and  with  a  knowledge 
of  how  to  apply  them.  Consult  an 
Architect. 

THE 


OF    CALIFORNIA 
Berkeley,  California 


»Wood  Carving 
» Architectural 
Modeling 


S.   BERGER 

390     9th     Street 

SAN     FRANCISCO,     CALIF. 
Phone     HEmlock     4462 


Recent  contracts  completed  — 

U.  S.  Marine  Hospital,  San  Francisco 

Ford  Assembly  Plants  at 

Seattle,  Long  Beach  and  Richmond 

Now  under  construction— Verba  Buena  Tunnel  and  Oak- 
land  Approach   to   San   Francisco-Oakland   Bay    Bridge 


Clinton  Construction  Company 

of  California 

923  FOLSOM  STREET  SAN  FRANCISCO 

Telephone  SUtter  3440 


HAWS 

Model  2  G  Side- 
Stream  Drinking 
Fancet  with  Self- 
Closing  Bibb  for 
Lavatories. 


Haws  Sanitary  Drinking 
Faucet  Co. 

1808  Harmon  Street,  Berkeley 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  August,  1934 


FORDERER 
Cornice  Works 

Manufacturers  of 
Hollow  Metal  Products 
Interior  Metal  Trim 
Elevator  Fronts  and  Cabs 
Metal  Wall  Plugs,  Anchors,  Etc. 
Sheet  Metal  Products 
Sanitary  Metal  Base 
Commercial  Refrigerators 
Building  Paper 
Metal  and  Wire  Accessories 

for  Concrete 

269  POTRERO  AVENUE 

San  Francisco,  Calif. 

HEmlock  4100 

CONSULT  OUR  ENGINEERING 

DEPARTMENT 


Phone  GArBeld  1164 

Hunter  &  Hudson 

Consulting  Engineers 

DESIGNERS  OF  HEATING 
AIR  CONDITIONING 
VENTILATING  AND  WIRING 
SYSTEMS,  MECHANICAL 
AND  ELECTRICAL  EQUIP- 
MENT OF  BUILDINGS 

41  SUTTER  STREET 

ROOM  710 

San  Francisco  California 


Melrose  Lumber 
&  Supply  Co. 


LUMBER  AND 
MILL   WORK 


46th  Ave.  and  E.  12th  St. 
Oakland 

Phones:  FRuitvale  0240  —  025! 


BRIDGES  BEAUTIFUL 

The  three  most  beautiful  bridges 
of  steel  built  last  year  are  the 
Cedar  Street  Bridge  over  the  Illinois 
River  at  Peoria,  Illinois;  the  Shark 
River  Bridge  between  Belmar  and 
Avon.  New  Jersey;  and  the  "Dr. 
John  D.  McLoughlin  Bridge"  at 
Portland,  Oregon.  These  bridges 
were  selected  by  a  jury  of  nation- 
ally known  architects  and  engi- 
neers to  receive  the  sixth  annual 
award  of  the  American  Institute 
of  Steel  Construction.  They  will 
be  decorated  with  stainless  steel 
plaques  at  unveiling  ceremonies  to 
be  planned  later. 

The  Cedar  Street  Bridge  at 
Peoria  was  judged  the  most  beau- 
tiful in  Class  A,  which  included 
bridges  costing  more  than  a  mil- 
lion dollars.  The  South  Tenth 
Street  Bridge,  over  the  Mononga- 
hela  River  at  Pittsburgh,  was  given 
honorable  mention  in  this  same 
class. 

The  Shark  River  Bridge  on  the 
Jersey  shore  was  judged  the  most 
beautiful  among  bridges  of  medi- 
um size,  costing  less  than  a  million 
and  more  than  a  quarter  million 
dollars.  The  Shrewsbury  River 
Bridge  at  Seabright.  New  Jersey. 
was  given  honorable  mention  in 
the  same  class. 

The  "Dr.  John  D.  McLoughlin 
Bridge"  over  the  Clackamas  River 
at  Portland,  Oregon,  was  selected 
as  the  most  beautiful  of  the  small 
bridges.  The  Port  Clinton  Bridge 
over  the  Portage  River  at  Port 
Clinton.  Ohio,  was  granted  hon- 
orable mention. 


P.   F.    REILLY 

Building 

Contractor 

and  Manager  of 

Construction 


730  ELLIS  STREET 
San  Francisco 

Telephone  TUxedo  9656 


Good  BuiMmgs  Deserve 
Good  Hardw^are 


larket  Street 

SUtter  6063 


HARDWOOD 

FLOORING 

HEADQUARTERS 

GOLDEN  STATE 

FLOORING 
CORPORATION 


C.  E.  COATES,  Manager 
SAN  FRANCISCO 


Rhode  Island  Street 
Bet.  16th  and  17th 


PhoneMArket  3177 


JOSEPH  MUSTO 

SONS-KEENAN 

COMPANY 

MARBLE 

and 

ONYX 


53;    NORTH    POINT   STREE' 

SAN   FRANCISCO 

1801  S.  SOTO  STREET 

LOS   ANGELES 


"THE  LITTLE  HOUSE" 

"The  Little  Gray  Home  in  the 
West"  is  to  have  its  modern  coun- 
terpart in  "The  Little  House  in 
the  East,"  according  to  Mrs,  E,  S. 
Unger,  chairman  of  the  committee 
of  Better  Homes  in  America  for 
the  City  and  County  Federation 
of  Women's  Clubs. 

For  just  as  the  mythical  little 
house  in  the  West  of  song  lore 
stood  for  the  best  in  "homey"  at- 
mosphere,  with   its   protective  air. 


Specify 

DICKEY 

PRODUCTS 


Dickey  Mastertile 
Partition  Tile 
Drain  Tile 
Fireproofing  Tile 
Floor  Tile 
Common  Brick 


Face  Brick 
Fire  Brick 
Paving  Brick 
Wall  Coping 
Flue  Lining 
Dickey  Flashing  Blockl 


W.  S.  DICKEY  CLAY  MFG. 
COMPANY 

SAN  FRANCISCO 


72 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  August.  1934 


Pacific 

Manufacturing 

Company 

High  Class  Interior  Finish 
Quahty  Millwork 

454  Montgomery  St.      641  Merrill  Ave. 
San  Francisco  Los  Angeles 

GArfield  7755  AXridge  9011 

1315  Seventh  Street.  Oakland 
GLencourt  7850 


SMITH 

Lumber  Company 

OF  OAKLAND 

LBmlber  and  Mill  Work 


19TH  AVE.  AND  ESTUARY 
Oakland,  California 

FRuitvale   3174 


G  U  I  L  F  O  Y 
Cornice   Works 

General  Sheet  Metal 


Skylights 
Fire  Doors 

GUILFOY  CORNICE  WORKS 
1234   Howard   Street 

San   Francisco 
Phone:  MArket  0561 


TRANSIT- MIX 
CONCRETE 

A  Perfect-Blend 
Material 

Golden  Gate  Atlas 
Materials  Co. 

Sixteenth  and  Harrison  Streets 

San    Francisco 

Phone  HEmlock  7020 


kindly  hospitahty  and  usefulness, 
so  this  actual  little  house  in  New 
York  city  is  to  stand  for  all  that 
is  best  in  modern  home  equipment. 

Ground  was  broken  for  it  a  few 
days  ago,  when  the  city  of  New 
York's  Mayor  La  Guardia  par- 
ticipated in  a  broadcast  ceremony. 
The  house  will  stand  at  Thirty- 
ninth  Street  and  Park  Avenue, 
will  be  planned  for  an  average 
family  of  four,  without  a  maid, 
and  will  be  designed  as  the  finest 
expression  of  the  home  -  building 
art  which  can  be  made  by  the 
home  owner  of  modest  income. 

There  is  to  be  a  large  modern 
nursery,  scientifically  planned  for 
the  health  and  safety  of  the  1934 
child.  There  will  be  a  model 
kitchen  with  the  newest  of  labor 
saving  devices,  and  a  utility  room 
provided  with  machines  to  do 
work  such  as  washing,  ironing, 
vegetable  peeling  and  food  mix- 
ing. 

The  house  will  combine  the  ex- 
pression of  aims  of  9000  Better 
Homes  committees  in  the  United 
States,  most  of  these  sponsored  by 
federated  clubs  and  will  be  the 
work  of  two  nationally  known 
architects,  Roger  H.  Bullard,  who 
won  the  gold  medal  in  the  Better 
Homes  small  house  architectural 
competition  for  1933,  and  Clifford 
Wendehack,  who,  with  the  late 
Donn  Barber,  built  the  first  Na- 
tional Better  Homes  demonstra- 
tion house  in  Washington,  D.C., 
some  years  ago. 

Mrs.  William  Brown  Melony  is 
chairman  of  the  committee  in 
charge  of  the  Little  House,  and 
associated  with  her  will  be  Mrs. 
Robert  G.  Mead,  nationally  known 
for  philanthropic  and  educational 
work;  Dr.  Lillian  Gilbreth  of  the 
American  Society  of  Mechanical 
Engineers  and  an  authority  on 
motion  study;  Dr.  Mary  Swartz 
Rose,  professor  of  nutrition  at  Co- 
lumbia University  and  an  author- 
ity on  dietetics;  Mrs.  Emily  Post, 
etiquette  authority,  and  Dr.  S.  J. 
Crumbine,  general  director  of  the 
American  Child  Health  Associa- 
tion. 


YALE- 
BUILDERS' 
LOCKS    AND 
HARDWARE 

Unsuipassed  Quality 
Security  -  Durability 

Distributed  by 

MARSHALL   -   NEWELL 
SUPPLY  CO. 

SAN  FRANCISCO.  CALIF. 


REPUBLIC  STEEL 

CORPORATION 


Manujacturen  oj 
ENDURO    Stainless    Steel;    TON- 
CAN     Copper    Molybdenum     Iron 
Sheets    and    Pipe;    and    Steel    Pipe, 
Sheets     and     Reinforcing     Bar     for 
every  building  purpose. 
Write  far  injormation 
Rialto    Building.    San    Francisco,    Calif. 
Edison     Building,    Los    Angeles,    Calif. 
Smith    Tower    Building,    Seattle,    Wash. 


MECCUKy  PRESS 

We  Print 

The  ARCHITECT  and 

ENGINEER 

"A  Thing  of  Beauty 
Is  a  Joy   Forever" 

942    HOWARD    STREET 
SAN    FRANCISCO 


Grinnell  Automatic 
SPRINKLER 

GRINNELL    COMPANY 

OF  THE  PACIFIC 


ENGINEERS  AND 
CONTRACTORS 


VALVES,   PIPE   and   FITTINGS 

601    BRANNAN  STREET 
Salt  Francisco 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  August,  1934 


I E.  Parker  Company 

BUILDING  CONSTRUCTION 
135   South   Park  San  Francisco 


Recent  Contracts  Completed 

Christian  Science  Reading  Room 

Berkeley 

Post  Office  Building 

Napa 
Post  Office  Building 

Vallejo 
Post  Office  Building 

Oroville 
Post  Office  Building 

Oakland 

Post  Office  Building 

Marvsville 


Contracts  Under  Construction 

Two  Warehouses 

Fort  Mason 

Three  Barracks  Buildings 

Hamilton  Field 

Ordnance  Warehouse 

Hamilton  Field 

U.  S.  Machine  and  Electric  Shop 

Bremerton,  W ashington 

Terminal  "E"  Building 

Oakland 

Montgomery-Ward  Buildings 

Eureka  and  San  Jose 


Robert  W.  Hunt  Company 

ENGINEERS 

Inspection    -    Tests    -    Consultation 

Schools  and  Other  Structures 
Are  Built  as  Designed 

When    Construction    Materials    are 

Inspected  at  point  of  Manufacture 

and  during  Erection   by 

ROBERT  W.  HUNT  COMPANY 


Cement,  Concrete,  Chemical.  Melallurgical, 
X-Ray  and  Physical  Laboratories 


Chicago      -      New  York      -      Pittsburgh 

Los  Angeles      -      All  Large  Cities 
San    Francisco,    251    Kearny    Street 


Chicago 

HOSPITAL 

SILENT  CALL 
SIGNAL  SYSTEMS 


GARNETT    YOUNG    AND    CO. 

Pacific  Coast  Sale»  Engineers 
J90    FOURTH    ST.,    SAN    FRANCISCO 
Seattle  Los  Angelei  Portland 


"Standing  as  it  will  at  one  of 
the  great  crossroads  of  the  world." 
said  Mrs.  linger,  "the  Little  House 
will  be  inspected  and  criticized  by 
experts  in  every  field  relating  to 
the  home.  Many  projects  of  in- 
terest to  all  home  owners  will 
originate  there,  and  all  these  ac- 
tivities will  be  linked  to  our  own 
work  in  the  clubs.  It  is  the  hope 
of  the  national  committee  that  the 
achievements  of  the  outstanding 
authorities  who  have  planned  each 
detail  of  the  Little  House  will  be 
duplicated  in  many  of  the  7000 
communities  in  which  Better 
Homes  work   is   carried    on." 


WATER  LEVELS 
Earl  Lee  Kelly,  California  State 
Director  of  Public  Works,  an- 
nounces the  release  by  State  En- 
gineer Edward  Hyatt  of  Bulletin 
No.  39-B  issued  by  the  Division 
of  Water  Resources.  This  is  a 
mimeographed  report  giving  the 
records  of  water  levels  at  a  large 
number  of  wells  in  the  South 
Coastal  Basin  for  the  calendar 
year  1933  and  also  precipitation 
records  for  the  seasonal  year 
1932-33  in  the  same  area. 

Bulletin  39-B  is  the  second  sup- 
plement to  printed  Bulletin  No.  39 
which  summarized  all  records  of 
similar  nature  prior  to  the  time  of 
its  issuance  early  in  1932.  The 
bulletin  contains  144  pages  of 
data,  and  may  be  obtained  through 
the  Supervisor  of  Documents, 
Bureau  of  State  Printing,  Sacra- 
mento. 


STAINLESS  STEEL 
The  Republic  Steel  Corporation. 
Youngstown,  Ohio,  has  recently 
issued  a  booklet  on  their  new 
product  —  Enduro  18-8  Stainless 
Steel — of  general  interest  to  arch- 
itects and  contractors. 

The  brochure  contains  16  pages 
of  reading  matter  and  illustrations. 
A  complete  analysis,  chemical  and 
physical,  is  also  presented. 

In  addressing  communications 
regarding  this  product  and  its  de- 
scriptive matter  refer  to  Bulletin 
No.   125. 


Brick  &  Cement 
Coating 

A  nationally  known 
waterproof  paint  for 
stucco    and    concrete. 

Specify  it  for 

Exterior  Cement  Work 

Mausoleum  Crypts 
Concrete  Tunnels,  Etc. 


California  Sales  Co. 

Distributors 

444  Market  Street       San  Francisco 

SUlter  8854 


THE  TORMEY 
COMPANY 

GENERAL   PAINTERS 
AND  DECORATORS 

Phone  UNderhill  1913 


563  FULTON  STREET 

San  Francisco 


CRAN  E 

High  Class  Plumbing 
Fixtures 


All  Principal  Coast  Cities 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  August.  1934 


Vacuum  Regulatini 

Valves 
Continuous  Flow 

Steam 

Traps 
Thermostats 
Reducing  Valves 
Boiler  Feed-Water 

Regulators 


Oil  Valves 
Oil  Strainers 
Steam  Oil  Strainers 
Duplex  Oil  Pumps 
Rotary  Oil  Pumps 
Boiler  Feed  Pumps 
Water  Heaters 
Oil  Meters 


VAUGHN-G.E.WITTC0. 

ENGINEERS 

C.  W.  Vaughn.  President  and  Manager 

MANUFACTURERS  AND 
DISTRIBUTORS 

4224-28  Hollis  St.      Phone  OLympic  6084 
Emeryville,  Oakland,  Calif. 


LUXOR 


WINDOW     SHADES 

Translucent  Shading 

of  highest  count 

cambric 


William  Volker  &  Co. 

631  Howard  Street 

San  Francisco 


LEATHER-STEEL 

RUBBER-COCOA 

WOOD 

Mats  and  Mattings 

Ezy-Ru2   Carpet-Tex 

Manufactured  and  Installed  by 

LEATHER 
MAT   MFC.  CO. 

340  Sansome  St.  San  Francisco 


LUMBERS  TUMBLE 
Effective  July  20,  the  housing 
and  building  materials  consumer 
has  received  the  benefit  of  reduc- 
tions of  between  H  and  15  per- 
cent in  all  lumber  products,  the 
result  of  cooperation  between  the 
retail  lumber  industry,  the  lumber 
and  timber  industry,  and  the  Na- 
tional Recovery  Administration  in 
support  of  the  Administration's 
general  housing  program. 

Prices  on  some  60,000  items 
produced  by  about  32,000  units 
in  the  lumber  and  timber  products 
industry  have  been  lowered,  pri- 
marily to  permit  the  potential  con- 
sumer of  low-cost  housing  units  to 
buy  more  of  the  industry's  prod- 
ucts. For  example,  the  price  of 
Southern  pine  has  dropped  from 
late  1929  and  early  1930  levels  to 
those  of  mid-1930,  while  prices  of 
Douglas  fir,  previously  at  1929 
peak  levels,  have  descended  to  late 
1930  levels.  These  two  classes 
constitute  about  two-thirds  of  the 
industry's  output. 

This  approximately  15  percent 
drop  in  retail  and  produce  prices 
was  brought  about  as  result  of  ac- 
tion taken  in  connection  with  the 
Retail  Lumber  Code  and  the  Code 
for  the  lumber  and  timber  prod- 
ucts industry.  Reductions  in  the 
retail  price  to  ultimate  consumers 
of  lumber  of  from  4J^  to  SYj  per- 
cent were  effected  June  28,  under 
an  order  by  the  Administrator  re- 
vising the  so-called  modal  mark- 
up established  in  the  Retail  Lum- 
ber Code.  Provisions  in  the  Code 
provided  for  this  administrative 
action,  and  approximately  23.000 
retail  lumber  dealers  were  affect- 
ed. The  modal  mark  -  up  is  the 
percentage  which  the  retail  lum- 
ber dealer  must  add  to  his  invoice 
cost  for  expenses  of  administra- 
tion, handling,  and  storage,  when 
he  sells  to  the  consumer.  Under 
the  NRA  ruling  the  percentage 
allowed  was  dropped  from  about 
42  percent  of  cost  to  about  30  per- 
cent, or  an  average  of  5  percent 
off  the  sales  prices. 

Subsequently,    on    July    16.    the 
Recovery     Administrator,    having 


YOU  play  safe 
with  your  client 
when   you    specify 


DUTCH  BOY 
PRODUCTS 


National  Lead  Company 

1  Francisco  Oakland 

Seattle 
Spokane 


Los  Angel 
Portland 


DINWIDDIE 

CONSTRUCTION 

COMPANY 

Builders  of  the  new  gymna- 
sium. University  of  Cali- 
fornia; Grace  Cathedral, 
Russ  Building  and  Hartford 
Insurance  Building,  San 
Francisco;  Life  Science 
Building,  University  of  Cali- 
fornia, Berkeley. 

CROCKER  BUILDING 
SAN  FRANOSCO 


CarlT.DoellCo. 


Plumbing 
Heating 


Estimates  Furnished 


467  21ST  STREET 
OAKLAND 

Telephone  GLencourt  8246 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  August,  1934 


75 


McNEAR  BRICK 

FOR 

Beauty  amd 

Permanence 

(S"l^> 

McNear  Brick  Company 

Main  OSice  and  Factories 
McNEAR  POINT 
San  Rafael,  Calif. 

San  Francisco  OSice  and  Yard 

417  BERRY  STREET 

SSMJ^RAFT 

REG.  U.  S.  PAT.  OFF. 

"More  than  a 
building  paper" 


THE  SISALKRAFT  CO. 

205  West  Wacker  Drive 

(Canal  Station)    Chicago.  III. 

55  New  Montgomery  Street 

San  Francisco,  Calif. 


IV0RT01\  DOOR 

CLOSER 

CO. 


Agents 

NORTON  PACIFIC  SALES  CO. 

66"   Howard  Street  San    Francisco 


McClintic-Marshall 
Corporation 


Subsidiary  of 
Bethlehem 


Steel 
Corporation 


STEEL  BRIDGES 
and  BUILDINGS 


approved  an  amendment  to  the 
Lumber  and  Timber  Products 
Code  authorinzing  this  action, 
simultaneously  determined  that  an 
emergency  e.xists  in  the  lumber 
and  timber  products  industry, 
"threatening  to  render  ineffective 
and  to  seriously  endanger  the 
maintenance  of  the  purposes  and 
provisions  of  the  Code  and  the 
Industrial  Recovery  Act."  To  cope 
with  the  emergency  the  Adminis- 
trator ordered  that  certain  price 
classifications  be  established. 

In  working  out  these  classifica- 
tions, the  Division  of  Planning 
and  Research,  which  is  charged  by 
the  order  to  make  a  full  study  of 
the  operation  of  the  costs  and  the 
flexible  rules  and  regulations  im- 
posed by  the  order,  analyzed 
actual  material  bills  to  determine 
the  cost  of  an  average  house,  and 
thereby  computed  that  the  new 
prices  revealed  a  drop  of  from  8 
to  10  percent.  In  transmitting  the 
order  to  the  Administrator  it  was 
pointed  out  that  "this  reduction  in 
prices  represents  the  lumber  and 
timber  products  industries'  contri- 
bution toward  lower  construction 
costs.  ' 


PARIS  PRIZE  WINNER 
This  year's  Paris  Prize,  the 
27th,  was  won  by  M.  W.  Klein- 
man  of  New  York  University,  a 
pupil  of  Lloyd  Morgan.  R.  Ayers 
of  Yale,  pupil  of  Frederic  C.  Hir- 
ons,  placed  second  and  L.  W. 
Smith  of  Princeton,  pupil  of  Jean 
Labatut.  placed  third. 


ARCHITECTS  MOVE 
George  M.  Lindsey  has  moved 
his    offices    from    1010    W.    Sixth 
Street     to     6305     Yucca     Street, 
Hollywood. 

Victor  E.  Siebert,  architect,  and 
Vern  D.  Hedden,  engineer,  have 
moved  to  larger  quarters  from  420 
Security  Building,  Long  Beach,  to 
122  E.  Third  Street,  Long  Beach. 


Howard  H.  Clayton  in  associa- 
tion with  J.  C.  Kistner  Co.  of  Los 
Angeles,  has  opened  an  office  for 
the  practice  of  architecture  at  415 
Haberfeldt  Building,  Bakersfield. 


MULLEN  ISIFG. 
COMPANY 

BANK,  STORE  AND  OFFICE 

nXTURES— CABINET  WORK 

OF  GUARANTEED  QUALITY 

CHURCH  SEATING 


Office  and  Factory: 

64   RAUSCH  ST..  Bet.  7th  and  8th  Stl. 

San   Francisco 

Telephone  HE  mloclt  2858 


G.  P.  W.  Jensen  &  Son 


Building  Construction 


320  Market  Street,  San  Francisco 
Phone  2444 


MacDonald  &  Kahn 

General 
Contractors 

Financial    Center    Bldg. 

405    Montgomery   St. 

San    Francisco 


Aedersom  &  Kimgrose 


General  Contractors 


320  Market  Street,  San  Francisco 
Phone  DOuglas  1373 


76 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  August,  1934 


IFUBL 


THE 
/4ND 

EHtlMEER 


SEPTEMBER  1934 


is  TUonl 


OAKLAND  TWO  YEARS  AHEAD  IN  REMODEL- 
ING PROGRAM 

■  ■    ■ 

ARCHITECTS  DESIGN  OLD  BUILDINGS  TO  LOOK 
LIKE  NEW 

■  ■    ■ 

BUILDING  LOANS  AND  HOW  TO  OBTAIN  THEM 

■  ■    ■ 

ANOTHER   INSTALLMENT    OF   WORK   OF   HIS- 
TORIC AMERICAN  BUILDINGS  SURVEY 

■  ■    ■ 

FAILURE  OF  REDWOOD  BOX  DRAIN  AT  ISLAIS 
CREEK,  SAN  FRANCISCO 

■  ■    ■ 

MORTAR  PROPERTIES  AS  RELATED  TO 
STRENGTH  OF  BRICKWORK 


S  pollen  jj  J  model  ward!  Efficient  as  a  modern  operating  room'.  Automatically- 
controlled,  gas-jired  boilers  of  Foster  Memorial  Hospital 


FOSTER    MEMORIAL   HOSPITAL 
Ventura,  California 

Architect 

JOHN  C.  AUSTIN 

Los  Angeles 

General  Contractors 

BAVIN  &  BURCH  COMPANY 

Los  Angeles 

Plumbing,  Heating  Contractors, 

JONES  HEATING  CO. 

Pasadena 


"Dr."  Architect  and  Dr.  Medico  are  allies 
in  the  modern  health  crusade. 

Such  model  institutions  as  Foster  Memo- 
rial Hospital  stand  as  monuments  to  their 
professional  cooperation. 

The  entire  building  is  automatically 
heated  by  two  gas-fired,  low-pressure  boilers. 
Two  high-pressure  boilers  supply  steam  for 
sterilization.  Gas  automatic  water-heaters  as- 
sure abundant  hot  water  at  any  hour,  day 
or  night. 

The  kitchen,  too,  with  its  heavy-duty  res- 
taurant ranges  and  other  modern  appliances, 
is  "all  gas." 

Three  years'  experience  with  gas  fuel  is 
summed  up  by  Superintendent  Gertritde  W. 
Fuller:  "These  automatic  gas  appliances 
have  assisted  materially  in  reducing  our  op- 


erating costs.  The  full  time  of  the  engineer 
is  not  required,  and  he  may  be  assigned  to 
other  duties.  In  every  way,  gas  is  giving 
wonderful  satisfaction." 


A  fuel  that  meets  exacting  hospital  requirements 
is  a  fuel  you  can  depend  upon  for  client  satis- 
faction! In  planning  for  gas  installations,  or 
writing  specifications  for  any  building,  you  are 
invited  to  consult  (without  charge)  your  gas 
company's   Industrial    Engineers. 


PACIFIC      COAST 

{  A  non-profit 


GAS      ASSOCIATION,      INC. 

~        "  a  member ) 

CALIFORNIA 


i  A  non-profit  service  organization  of  which  your  Gas  Company  is  a  member  ) 

4  47     SUTTER  STREET,   SAN  FRANCISCO,  ' 


fj^'^^^^ 


V/VTION 


JOHNSON 

Dvo-Stat 

CONTROL 

•means  low  cost,  simple,  effective  HEAT 
CONSERVATION — 

•provides  an  exceptional  opportunity 
for  high  return  on   an    investment   in 

MODERNIZATION 

•is  adaptable  to  EXISTING  BUILDINGS  and 
to  new  ones,  with  equal  facility — 

•utilizes  the  fully  protected  principle  of 
balancing  RADIATOR  TEMPERATURE 
against    OUTDOOR    TEMPERATURE_ 


Attached  to  the  ''last'"  radiator,  the  DUO- 
STAT  varies  the  radiator  temperature  to 
secure  partial  heating  effect  as  required 
by  the  outdoor  temperature,  for  a  single 
heating   "zone"  or  an  entire  building. 


The  diagram  suggests  a  DUO-STAT  at  the  "last"  ra- 
diator, controlling  steam  supply  to  a  '■^Heating  Zone. 


JoHi\soM  also  manufactures  and  installs  individval 

ROOM  CONTROL— REGULATION  for    VEISTILATION  and  AIR 
CONDITIOmNG  —  PERIODIC  FLUSH  CONTROL. 


JOHNSON     SERVICE     COMPANY 

Main  Office  and  Factory:  MUwaukee,  Wis.     Branch  Offices  in  Principal  Cities 

The  Architect  and  Engineer.  September.  1934 


UPON  an  aerial  photograph  of 
San  Francisco  Bay,  with  Oakland  in  the 
background,  (frontispiece  in  this  issue) 
architects  for  the  San  Francisco-Oakland 
Bay  Bridge  have  cleverly  drawn  in  to 
scale  a  representation  of  the  world's  larg- 
est bridge,  834  miles  long,  (5  miles  over 
water)  which  will  connect  Alameda  and 
San  Francisco  counties.  The  west  half 
of  the  bridge  is  a  suspension  structure 
comprising  twin  suspension  bridges  an- 
chored into  a  huge  concrete  monument  in 
the  center. 

A  double-deck  tunnel  pierces  Verba 
Buena  Island,  occupied  by  Army,  Navy, 
and  Lighthouse  services,  and  the  double- 
deck  bridge  continues  over  a  1400- foot 
cantilever  span,  five  through  truss  spans, 
and  14  deck  truss  spans,  before  it  lands 
on  a  fill  extending  out  from  the  Oakland 
shore. 

At  the  eastern  shore,  trestles  carry  the 
bridge  traffic  on  to  three  branches  —  one 
for  Berkeley,  one  for  Oakland,  and  one 
for  the  business  section  of  Oakland  and 
Alameda. 

The  piers  of  this  bridge — 51  in  number 
— set  new  marks  on  engineering  frontiers, 
going  deeper  below  water  than  any  pre- 
vious substructure  has  heretofore  been 
built.  Some  of  the  piers  go  as  far  as  237 
feet  below  low  tide. 

The  two  suspension  bridges  have  2310- 
foot  main  spans. 

The  lower  deck  carries  two  tracks  for 
interurban  electric  cars  and  three  lanes 
for  heavy  trucks,  and  the  upper  carries 
a  58-foot  highway  for  six  lanes  of  auto- 
mobiles. 

e        •        c 

MICHAEL  I.  Mcdonough. 

President  of  the  Building  Trades  Depart- 
ment of  the  American  Federation  of 
Labor,  has  made  an  appeal  to  the  1,500,- 
000  building  tradesmen  of  the  country  to 
get  behind  the  Housing  Administration. 
The  Housing  Act  signed  by  President 
Roosevelt  is  now  in  effect  and  loans  for 
repair  and  modernization  are  being  made. 
Under  it  immense  volumes  of  money,  the 
life  blood  of  the  building  industry,  now 
becomes  available  for  the  repair  and  mod- 
ernization of  old  buildings  and  the  erec- 
tion of  new.  It  carries  with  it  the  prom- 
ise of  employment  so  long  denied  the 
building  tradesmen  of  the  country,  80  per- 
cent of  whom  are  now  idle. 

During  the  last  five  years  a  shortage 
of  not  less  than  1,000,000  homes  has  piled 
up.  There  are  13,000,000  buildings  in 
need  of  repairs,  3,500,000  of  which  re- 
quire major  improvements  to  make  them 


safe  and  habitable.  In  addition  there  is 
an  enormous  number  of  homes  in  need 
of  modernization  and  extension.  Alto- 
gether this  constitutes  a  greater  volume 
of  work  than  was  required  to  restore  the 
war  devastated  regions  of  France  and 
Belgium,  and  once  well  under  way  should 
provide  reasonably  steady  work  for  years 
to   come. 


WHAT  is  this  National  Housing 
Act  going  to  do  for  the  architect  and 
engineer? 

That  is  a  question  you  hear  repeated 
many  times  wherever  you  go,  up  and 
down  the  Coast.  Most  everyone  seems 
optimistic  but  nobody  is  prepared  to  make 
a  definite  prognostication. 

When  the  Housing  Act  was  approved 
the  president  of  the  American  Institute 
of  Architects  addressed  a  letter  to  Presi- 
dent Roosevelt  in  substance  as  follows: 

Your  National  Housing  Program  has 
aroused  new  hope  in  the  building  industry 
and  in  the  architectural  and  engineering 
professions. 

These  two  professions,  particularly  the 
architects,  have  been  making  a  tragically 
slow  recovery  from  the  prostration  of 
1932.  J 

Knowing  that  you  desire  all  points  ot 
view,  and  on  behalf  of  the  architects  of 
the  country,  I  respectfully  submit  for 
your  consideration  the  following  observa- 
tions, and  recommendation: 

(1)  There  is  a  great  shortage  of 
houses,  and  there  is  a  large  field  for  mod- 
ernization  and   repair: 

(2)  The  National  Housing  Act  pro- 
vides ways  and  means  for  meeting  these 
requirements— if  properly  administered: 

(3)  In  the  administration  of  the  Act,  i 
is  essential  that  the  Government,  through 
local  agencies,  exercise  some  control  of 
the  quality  of  the  new  work  and  the  mod- 
ernization or  repair  of  the  old  work — for 
the  benefit,  comfort,  and  satisfaction  of 
the  owner,  for  the  general  improvement 
of  the  community,  and  to  assure  that  the 
banks  and  the  Government  are  protected 
against  losses  resulting  from  poor  design 
and  indefinite  specifications: 

(4)  These  essentials,  we  believe,  will 
be  assured  if  the  Administrator  of  the  Na- 
tional Housing  Act  will  avail  himself  of 
the  services  of  the  architectural  profes- 
sion in  the  communities  in  which  this 
work  is  to  be  done. 

The  reply  from  the  White  House  was 
that  the  President  wished  to  give  the  as- 
surance that  these  suggestions  would  have 
his  consideration  in  arranging  the  new 
housing  set-up. 

As  we  have  already  stated,  the  Hous- 
ing Act  is  in  force  but  so  far  it  hasn't 
helped  the  architect  any.  Nor  is  there 
any  indication  that  the  profession  is  going 
to    benefit    materially    from    the    Act,    as 


time  passes.  Loans  up  to  $2,000  only 
are  being  made  for  alteration  work  and 
there  is  not  very  much  architecture  in  a 
$2,000  repair  job.  Most  of  the  improve- 
ments will  probably  not  run  more  than 
$500  or  $600  which  amount  would  cover 
the  cost  of  painting,  papering,  new  plumb- 
ing fixtures,  a  new  roof,  replacement  of 
old  foundations,  a  new  heating  plant, 
tiled  bath  rooms,  etc.  Such  improvements 
do  not  necessarily  call  for  the  services  of 
an  architect  or  engineer.  Any  reputable 
contractor  can  take  care  of  these  things 
and  in  advance  make  an  estimate  of  the 
needs  and  probable  cost  of  the  projected 
work  for  the  loaning  company.  So  this 
disposes  of  any  possibility  of  employing 
an  architect. 

There  may,  however,  be  a  few  cases 
where  a  man  owns  several  pieces  of  prop- 
erty— stores,  for  instance,  upon  which  he 
may  borrow  as  much  as  $2,000  on  not 
more  than  five  properties,  or  $10,000  al- 
together. These  five  properties  might  all 
be  stores  and  in  that  event  there  would 
be  some  work  for  an  architect  in  modern- 
ization. This  would  bring  him  a  six  per 
cent  commission,  or  $600, 

Enough   money   to   pay   his  office  rent 
and  pay  roll  a  couple  of  months  maybe! 
•        •        • 

There  are  a  lot  of  people  who  would 
like  to  fix  up  their  homes  under  this  new 
Housing  Act  but  will  they  be  able  to  se- 
cure a  loan?  Certainly  not  if  they  are  al- 
ready in  debt  and  are  paying  installments 
on  previous  loans.  And  how  many  of  us 
are  there  who  haven't  some  other  out- 
standing obligation? 

Your  monthly  income  must  be  at  least 
five  times  as  much  as  the  monthly  install- 
ment on  the  modernization  loan  you  wish 
to  secure.  So,  besides  having  an  ade- 
quate regular  income,  you  must  have  a 
good  credit  record  in  your  community. 
The  mortgage  on  your  property  must  be 
in  good  standing  and  there  must  be  no 
delinquent  taxes,  interest  or  liens  against 
the  property.  You  are  not  permitted  to 
use  any  of  the  money  borrowed  for  any 
other  purpose  except  property  improve- 
ments. The  materials  you  use  and  the 
contractor  you  select  must  be  approved 
by  the  lending  agency. 

On  Ye  Editor's  street  practically  every 
home  needs  painting  and  miscellaneous 
improvements,  but  up  to  this  writing  no- 
body has  gotten  a  loan.  Is  this  instance 
a  typical  one,  or  is  it  a  case  of  each  one 
holding  back  till  he  finds  out  what  the 
other   fellow  is  going   to  do? 

The  Architect  and  Engineer.  September,  1934 


VOLUME  118 
NUMBER   3 


THE 

ARCHITECT 

AND  ENGINEER 


SEPTEMBER 
1934 


Q^ontents 


FREDERICK  W.  JONES,  Editor 

EDGAR  N.  KIERULFF, 
Advertising  Manager 

Contributing  Editors  I 

CLARENCE  R.  WARD.  San  Francisco 
CARLETON  MONROE  WINSLOW, 

Los  Angeles  I 

HAROLD  W.  DOTY,  Portland.  Ore.        j 
CHAS.  H.  ALDEN,  Seattle,  Wash.  j 

Consulting  and  Advisory  Editors 
LEWIS  P.  HOBART 
TIMOTHY  L.  PFLUEGER 
ELMER  GREY 
CLARENCE  A.  TANTAU 
WM.  L.  WOOLLETT 

W.  C.  HAYS 

JOHN  BAKEWELL,  JR. 

EDWIN  L.  SNYDER 

THOMAS  J.  KENT 

ALBERT  F.  ROLLER 

J.  STEWART  FAIRWEATHER 

JOHN  W.  GREGG 

RALPH  D.  CORNELL 

HORACE  G.  COTTON 

W.  ADRIAN 

JULIAN  C.  MESIC 
H.J.  BRUNNIER 
L  IT.  NTSHKTAX 


THE  NEW  B.\Y  BRIDGE  AS  IT  WILL  APPE.\R  WHEN  COMPLETED 
Drawn  to  scale  by  .Arthur  Brown,  Jr..  T.  L.  Pjlucscr  and  J.  J.  Donovan. 
.Architects 

1  C.\T 

MODERNIZ.^TION 

Edward  T.  Foulkes,  Architect 

RECONDITIONING 

A.  C.Holden.A.I.A. 

HOUSING  THE  ITINERANT 

Vincent  Bro-wn 

BUILDING  LOANS  .AND  HOW  TO  OBTAIN  THEM 

PORTALS 

FAILURE  DUE  TO  IMPROPER  SPECIFICATIONS 

A.  A.  Broum.C.E. 
.    MORTAR  PROPERTIES  AS  REL.ATED  TO  STRENGTH  OF  BRICKWORK 

By  L.A.  Palmer 
.    NOISE 

WITH  THE  ARCHITECTS 

PLATES  AND  ILLUSTRATIONS 

.   REMODELED  STORE  BUILDING,  HOLLYWOOD 
H.  Roy  Kelley,  Architect 
10N\S  BUILDING.  OAKL.^ND,  BEFORE  .\ND  AFTER 

JI0DERNIZ.\TI0N 
Edward  T.  Foulkes.  Architect 
ABRAHAMSON  BUILDING,  OAKLAND,  BEFORE  .\ND  AFTER 

ALTER.\TI0XS 
Edward  T.  Foulkes,  Architect 
.    PARK  BUILDING,  OAKLAND.  BEFORE  .WD  AFTER  .«»LTER.\TIONS 
Edward  T.  Foulkes,  Architect 

JIASONIC  TEMPLE.  OAKL.\ND.  BEFORE  AND  AFTER  ALTER.\TIONS 
Edward  T.  Foulkes.  Architect 

MATILDA  BROWN  BUILDING.  OAKLAND.  BEFORE  AND  AFTER 
■    '  MODERNIZ.\TION 

Edward  T.  Foulkes,  Architect 
PHOTOS  AND  DR.\WTNGS.  HISTORIC  AMERICAN  BUILDINGS 

SURVEY 
MODERNIZED  OFFICE  OF  J.  WALTER  THOMPSON  COMPANY, 

CHICAGO 
HOUSE  IN  MONTEREY  COUNTY 
Clarence  A.  Tantau,  Architect 

PHnTnr,R\PHS   AND   DR.WING   OF   REDWOOD   BOX   DRAIN.   ISLAIS 
.    PHOTOGRAPHS   Ag^L.AM.\TION  DISTRICT,  SAN  FR.WCISCO 

DETAIL    OF    FOX-ARLINGTON    THE.'VTER.    S.\NTA    BARBARA 
H'ra.  ..|.  Edwards.  Architect 


Published  monthly  by  THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER,  INC. 
621  Foxcroft  Building.  San  Francisco,  California 

W    ,    ,..  KIERULFF,  President  and  Manager  FRED^K.  W.  JONES.  V.ce-President  L.  B.  PENHORWOOD,  Secretary 

New  York  Representative-The  Spencer  Young  Company,  299  Madison  Ave.,  New  York  Cay 

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Copyriglil  193-1  by  Calijo 


AERIAL  PHOTOGRAPH  OF  SAN  FRANCISCO  BAY.  SHOWING 
THE  NEW  BAY  BRIDGE  AS  IT  WILL  APPEAR  WHEN  COMPLETED 

DRAWN  TO  SCALE  BY  THE  ARCHITECTS,  ARTHUR  BROWN,  JR., 
T.  L.  PFLUEGER  AND  JOHN  J.  DONOVAN 


THE 

ARCHITECT 

AND  ENGINEER 


SEPTEMBER  1934 
VOLUME  118 
NUMBER   THREE 


Modernization 

by    Edward     T.     Foulkes,    Architect 


A 


_  NTICIPATINGbyat 

least  two  years  the  modernization  and  re- 
habilitation campaign  which  the  Federal 
government  is  now  sponsoring  and  encour- 
aging financially,  the  Downtown  Property 
Owners'  Association  of  Oakland  started  a 
similar  program  among  its  own  membership 
in  the  fall  of  1932. 

This  program  has  attracted  wide  interest 
among  builders,  contractors,  realtors,  and 
others  interested  in  building  and  employ- 
ment conditions,  as  it  has  demonstrated  by 
actually  completed  structures  the  practica- 
bility of  the  idea  of  rehabilitation  and  its 
especial  adaptibility  to  stores  and  business 
buildings. 

One  of  the  unique  features  of  the  Down- 
town Property  Owners'  building  and  mod- 
ernization campaign  is  that  it  was  started 
by  the  property  owners  themselves:  not  by 
any  group  of  people  interested  in  creating 
a  demand  for  their  products  or  for  their 
services,  as  is  usual  in  campaigns  of  thi> 
type. 

The  fact  that  in  its  execution  the  plan 
has  given  employment  to  scores  of  work- 


men, and  has  resulted  in  the  spending  of 
thousands  of  dollars  for  materials  and  sup- 
plies with  local  dealers,  has  been  a  fortu- 
nate result,  but  only  a  secondary  issue  with 


DETAIL  OF  SMALL  SHOP,  REMODELED  STORE 
BUILDING,  HOLLYWOOD,  CALIFORNIA 
H.  Roy  Kelley,  Architect 


^    H    ► 


JONAS  BUILDING,  OAKLAND,  CALIFORNIA,  BEFORE  ALTERATIONS 


JONAS  BUILDING,  OAKLAND,  CALIFORNIA,  AFTER  ALTERATIONS 
Edward  T.  Foulkes,  Architect 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      ^      12     ^       SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


the  owners.  Their  purpose  was  directly 
and  solely  concerned  with  the  improvement 
of  their  buildings  to  the  end  that  the  income 
from  these  structures  could  be  increased. 

Primarily  the  program  was  worked  out 
for  the  purpose  of  taking  advantage  of  the 
lowered  building  costs  existing  at  present 
to  bring  many  of  the  stores  and  buildings 
in  the  downtown  district  of  Oakland  up  to 
date  and  to  improve  their  appearance  in 
order  that  they  might  compete  with  the 
newer,  retail  buildings  which  had  been  at- 
tracting tenants  formerly  occupying  the 
less  modern  structures. 

The  owners  realized  that  with  the  low 
rentals  being  offered  in  all  buildings,  ten- 
ants were  very  liable  to  move  into  modern 
structures  in  preference  to  remaining  in  the 
older  buildings. 

As  soon  as  the  building  work  was  well 
under  way.  other  unexpected  but  worth- 
while results  were  noted.  The  constructive 
activity  had  an  encouraging  effect  upon 
other  owners  and  business  men  of  the  dis- 
trict. They  decided  that  they.  too.  could 
profitably  improve  their  buildings  by  spon- 
soring alterations,  repainting  or  interior 
changes  that  would  cost  less  now  and  give 
them  the  advantage  of  being  prepared  for 
the  renewal  of  business  activity  when  it 
should  come. 

How  Program  was  Worked  Out 
The   method   by  which   the   Downtown 
Property  Owners'  Association's  moderniz- 
ation program  was  worked  out  and  is  nov/ 
being  carried  on  is  worth  describing. 

The  job  of  modernizing  and  rehabilitat- 
ing the  downtown  area  was  assigned  to  a 
separate  department  of  the  Association. 
The  responsibility  for  the  execution  of  the 
proposed  work  was  left  to  a  director  of 
downtown  development.  A  committee 
of  experienced  property  owners  or  their 
representatives  was  appointed  to  assist  in 
the  undertaking. 


ABRAHAMSON  building,  OAKLAND. 
BEFORE  ALTERATIONS 


ABRAHAMSON  BUILDING.  OAKLAND. 
AFTER  ALTERATIONS 
Edward  T.  Faulkes,  Architect 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      ^      13     ^       SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


PARK  BUILDING,  OAKLAND,  BEFORE  ALTERATIONS 


PARK  BUILDING,  OAKLAND,  AMEk  ALiERAllONS 
Edward  T.  Foulkes,  Architect 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      ^      14     ^      SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Previously  the  writer  had  interested 
one  of  the  property  owners  with  a  re- 
modehng  suggestion  which  added  Httle  or 
nothing  to  the  load  of  the  original  struc- 
ture— one  that  introduced  a  permanent  ex- 
terior color  treatment  and  followed  the 
modern  trend  of  architectural  design.  Costs 
were  secured  and  the  owner  was  so  favor- 
ably impressed  with  the  results  to  be  ob- 
tained for  so  small  an  outlay,  that  con- 
tracts were  soon  signed  and  the  work 
started. 

The  writer  was  called  in  and  consult- 
ed. He  was  then  selected  as  a  permanent 
member  of  the  modernization  department. 
His  first  job  was  to  study  the  structures  of 
various  buildings  in  need  of  remodeling  and 
to  advise  upon  the  possibilities  offered  by 
the  buildings  and  to  estimate  the  approxi- 
mate cost  of  such  alterations. 

A  meeting  between  the  owner,  the  archi- 
tect and  the  director  of  development  was 
arranged  and  the  results  of  the  study  pre- 
sented to  the  latter. 

The  owners  were  amazed  at  the  striking 
changes  which  were  shown  as  possible  and 


at  the  low  cost  at  which  they  could  be  made 
under  present  conditions. 

Eleven  Buildings  Modernized 
Owners  of  three  of  the  buildings  first  se- 
lected for  study  for  proposed  moderniza- 
tion were  so  favorably  impressed  that 
financing  was  arranged,  contracts  let  and 
the  work  begun  within  a  few  weeks  of  the 
presentation  of  the  suggested  plans  by  the 
association's  modernization  department. 
Eleven  buildings  have  now  been  completed 
and  the  accompanying  photographs  illus- 
trate the  distinct  improvement  the  altera- 
tions have  made  in  the  appearance  of  some 
of  them.  Space  will  not  permit  publication 
of  photographs  of  all  of  the  buildings  re- 
habilitated. 

The  results  of  the  modernization  pro- 
gram have  worked  out  as  follows:  first,  the 
appearance  of  the  district  was  distinctly 
improved.  Secondly,  the  leases  in  the 
buildings  modernized  were  renewed,  and 
other  new  ones  taken.  The  leasing  value  of 
the  properties  had  been  definitely  en- 
hanced. The  merchants  of  the  downtown 
retail  district  felt  that  the  renewed  activity 


SEVENTY-THREE  YEAR  OLD  MASONIC  TEMPLE. 
OAKLAND,  BEFORE  ALTERATIONS 


MASONIC  TEMPLE.  OAKLAND,  AFTER 

MODERNIZATION 

Edward  T.  Foulkes,  Architect 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      15     ^       SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


MATILDA  BROWN  BUILDING,  OAKLAND,  BEFORE  ALTERATIONS 


Fa:, ./  ;.'/(/!  i  :/.i'/.//"i;,  .1/.  I:,  an  Heniwsa  Tile 


MATILDA  BROWN  BUILDING,  OAKLAND,  AFTER  MODERNIZATION 
Edward  T.  Foulkes,  Architect 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      <^      16     ^      SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


STORE  BUILDING  OF  MRS,   MABKL  L.  BIRELEY.  HOLLYWOOD, 
BEFORE  ALTERATIONS 


STORE  BUILDING  OF  MRS.  MABEL  L.  BIRELEY,  HOLLYWOOD, 
AFTER  REMODELING 
H.  Roy  Kelley,  Architect 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      ^     17     ^      SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


DETAIL  OF  BEAUTY  SHOP.  STORE  BUILDING.  HOLLYWOOD. 
AFTER  REMODELING 
H.  Roy  Kelley.  Architect 


and  new  leases  in  the  downtown  area  indi- 
cated the  permanency  of  the  estabHshed  re- 
tail district.  They  appreciated  the  interest 
which  the  owners  of  the  properties  were 
taking  in  making  improvements  which  add- 
ed to  the  business  values  of  their  stores  and 
were  encouraged  by  this  helpful  attitude  on 
the  part  of  the  owners  to  make  plans  of 
their  own  for  expansions  and  increased 
business  activity. 
The  Bireley  Building,  Hollywood 
The  remodeling  of  this  building  consist- 
ed of  new  shop  fronts  and  such  interior 
work  as  was  required  for  space  to  be  occu- 
pied by  a  beauty  shop.  One  street  facade 
was  set  back  five  feet  for  a  street  widening 
project.  The  original  building  was  very 
difficult  to  rent,  due  to  its  run-down  condi- 
tion. Soon  after  the  remodeling,  enough 
floor  space  was  leased  to  assure  an  income 
amounting  to  about  60%  of  the  total  maxi- 


mum income  based  on  the  established 
schedule  of  rental  rates.  The  value  of  the 
property  was  greatly  increased  by  the  im- 
provements and  in  addition  the  owners  are 
now  receiving  an  income  sufficient  to  carry 
the  building  despite  the  fact  that  there  are 
temporary  vacancies  due  to  a  street  widen- 
ing project  on  one  street  side. 

The  exterior  walls  of  the  building  are 
smooth  cement  plaster  painted  oyster 
white.  The  roof  cornice  and  details  of  trim 
around  the  store  fronts  are  copper  chemi- 
cally oxidized  to  give  it  a  patina  of  soft 
green.  The  front  of  the  beauty  shop  has 
details  of  Botticino  marble  and  enameled 
metal.  The  awnings  are  of  deep  warm  buff 
with  valences  striped  in  three  shades  of 
green.  All  of  the  sign  panels  have  back- 
ground the  same  color  as  the  awnings  and 
the  lettering  is  green  for  all  shops,  a  re- 
quirement embodied  in  the  leases. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      •^      18     ►       SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Reconditionins 


by     A.    C.    Hold 


A 


A 


M 


-OST  owners  of  prop- 
erty, especially  owners  of  depreciated 
properties,  can  use  a  little  money  for 
improving  their  holdings.  Most  owners 
know  that  unless  they  keep  doing  some- 
thing they  ultimately  have  to  meet  two  seri- 
ous problems  —  depreciation  and  obsoles- 
cence. Depreciation  is  due  to  the  physical 
wearing  out  of  property.  Obsolescence  is 
due  to  the  psychological  wearing  out  of 
property. 

That  which  happens  to  an  individual 
piece  of  property  happens  also  to  the 
neighborhood  in  which  it  is  situated.  If  one 
man  in  a  group  keeps  his  house  well  paint- 
ed and  the  roof  in  repair  and  yet  his  neigh- 
bors allow  their  houses  to  depreciate  the 
property  of  the  individual  will  suffer  de- 
preciation, because  of  the  neighborhood. 

Obsolescence  takes  place  because  styles 
change,  men  find  better  ways  to  build 
houses,  or  better  ways  to  live.  A  certain 
amount  of  systematic  upkeep  and  improve- 
ment can  arrest  or  retard  obsolescence  just 
as  a  certain  amount  of  repairs  can  curtail 
depreciation.  Types  of  housing  exist,  how- 
ever, which  will  remain  obsolete  even 
though  so  much  money  is  spent  upon  them 
that  the  wisdom  of  the  investment  should 
be  called  into  question. 


There  should  be  some  way  of  finding 
out  how  much  money  ought  to  be  spent  in 
upkeep,  repairs,  and  improvements,  both  as 
a  general  rule  and  in  the  present  emerg- 
ency. Obviously  if  credit  is  extended  to  get 
work  done,  that  credit  has  got  to  be  bal- 
anced by  the  use  that  can  be  made  of  the 
things  produced  at  some  time  in  the  future. 
Therefore,  the  measure  of  the  usefulness 
of  modernization  is  that  the  improvements 
made  will  be  such  as  to  give  better  and 
more  economic  results  than  can  be  achieved 
by  building  new. 

It  pays,  for  example,  to  fix  up  a  tumble 
down  farmhouse,  because  the  soil  about  it 
is  fertile  and  the  shade  trees  planted  are 
good,  and  all  the  other  advantages  of  years 
of  accumulated  toil  outweigh  the  considera- 
tion of  starting  anew  in  another  location. 
The  same  applies  to  the  old  town  house  on 
the  shaded  village  street,  provided,  how- 
ever, that  the  advantages  of  quick  trans- 
portation brought  by  the  automobile  do  not 
make  outlying  land  more  desirable  and 
even  more  available. 

It  does  not  pay  to  modernize  a  single 
house  on  the  village  street  if  the  other 
neighbors  insist  upon  permitting  their  prop- 
erties to  continue  to  depreciate  at  such  a 
rate  that  no  one  who  could  afford  to  would 
want  to  live  in  the  rehabilitated  house.  It 
does  not  pay  to  pour  money  for  rehabilita- 


^    19  ► 


tion  into  the  city  slum  where  congestion  has 
been  so  great  that  the  buildings  are  im- 
properly planned  for  light  and  air,  where 
surroundings  are  tawdry,  and  public  mor- 
als bad,  unless  sufficient  work  can  be  done 
to  change  these  conditions. 

It  does  not  pay  to  put  money  for  rehabil- 
itation into  properties  which  have  been  held 
for  such  high  prices  that  it  has  not  been 
thought  necessary  to  liquidate  past  credits 
loaned  on  the  properties  or  where  it  has  not 
been  possible  to  do  so.  High  interest 
charges  are  the  result  of  unliquidated  cred- 
its. They  usually  mean  high  rents,  skimp- 
ing on  maintenance  and  frequently  also  de- 
linquent taxes  and  inadequate  city  control 
of  the  neighborhood. 

Such  are  the  pitfalls  in  the  way  of  ex- 
tending credit  for  modernization.  The  un- 
wise extension  of  credit  always  becomes  a 
public  burden.  It  is  therefore  essential  on 
the  one  hand  to  guard  against  mistakes  and 
on  the  other  to  look  ahead  to  find  the  chan- 
nels into  which  credit  may  flow  and  pro- 
mote the  public  good. 

If  the  extension  of  credit  is  to  be  an  in- 
dividual property,  it  is  safest  to  select  a 
neighborhood  which  is  improving  and 
where  the  majority  of  properties  are  in  bet- 
ter shape  than  the  property  to  be  modern- 
ized, but  by  all  means  in  a  neighborhood 
where  the  majority  of  the  owners  are 
strong  enough  to  keep  their  properties  up 
to  the  desired  standard. 

If,  however,  it  is  necessary  to  extend 
credits  to  depreciated  and  obsolescent 
properties  which  are  located  in  run  down 
or  questionable  neighborhoods,  then  a  plan 
must  be  worked  out  which  will  permit  gen- 
eral neighborhood  rehabilitation  and  which 
will  make  the  individual  loan  a  part  of  the 
co-ordinated  neighborhood  improvement. 

Unfortunately  we  Americans  have  not 
yet  developed  a  technique  for  group  im- 
provement. We  have  no  means  for  con- 
trolling the  improvements  to  be  made  in  the 


interest  of  group  homogeneity,  nor  have  we 
yet  devised  a  means  for  making  the  neigh- 
borhood a  surety  for  the  proper  adminis- 
tration and  liquidation  of  the  loan. 

We  have  lacked  leadership  of  the  sort 
that  can  consolidate  conflicting  and  diverg- 
ent interests  and  unite  men  in  a  common 
purpose.  Strange  to  say  that  in  a  nation, 
whose  motto  is  "e  pluribus  unum,"  we  have 
not  yet  realized  that  the  principle  which  we 
have  so  well  applied  to  our  Federal  union, 
may  be  applied  with  even  greater  advant- 
age to  the  neighborhood. 

It  is  as  possible  for  individuals  as  for 
states  to  act  in  concert  without  loss  of  indi- 
viduality. It  is  not  only  possible  but  desir- 
able to  draft  loan  contracts  for  moderniza- 
tion in  such  a  manner  that  full  advantage 
may  be  taken  of  common  neighborhood  in- 
terests and  by  such  means  the  neighbor- 
hood may  itself  become  the  surety  that  the 
credit  extended  will  be  both  wisely  admin- 
istered and  properly  liquidated. 

There  is  another  important  aspect  of 
modernization  which  must  be  touched 
upon.  Those  who  have  opposed  slum 
clearance  and  the  construction  of  low  rental 
housing  are  letting  it  be  known  that  they 
prefer  modernization  because  it  does  not 
add  to  the  existing  vacancy  problem  from 
which  real  estate  has  been  suffering. 

This  is  not  a  complete  statement  of  the 
truth.  Many  proposals  for  modernization 
contemplate  the  subdivision  of  present 
housing  into  smaller  suites.  The  argument 
is  advanced  that  living  conditions  have 
changed,  that  families  are  smaller,  and  that 
the  larger  quarters  simply  cannot  be  rented. 
We  are  faced  with  the  necessity  of  com- 
ing to  a  decision  as  to  how  to  solve  the 
problem  from  the  point  of  view  of  the 
greatest  social  and  economic  good.  It 
stands  out  clearly  that  our  housing  equip- 
ment needs  overhauling  and  that  it  is  vital 
to  the  well  being  of  society  to  get  the  build- 
ing industry  back  to  work. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    20    ► 


SEPTEMBER.  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Housins 

THE    ITINERANT* 

by    Vincent    Brown 


e 


■ALIFORNIA  differ- 
ently than  most  states  has  a  problem  diffi- 
cult of  solution  in  that  it  harbors  within  its 
borders  a  large  floating  population,  mostly 
alien,  engaged  in  following  seasonal  crop 
harvests.  On  account  of  the  diversity  of 
the  crops  grown  in  this  state  all  the  year 
round,  and  the  shortness  of  the  harvest  sea- 
son for  many  vegetables  and  fruits,  proper 
housing  of  migratory  or  itinerant  labor,  in 
consideration  of  existing  economic  condi- 
tions, is  a  matter  of  serious  concern  not 
only  to  those  charged  by  law  with  the  duty 
of  supervision,  but  also  to  the  people  of 
the  state  at  large. 

More  than  twenty  years  ago  our  Cali- 
fornia legislature  enacted  what  is  known 
as  the  "Labor  Camp  Sanitation  Act"  and 
this  statute  as  subsequently  amended  sets 
the  standards  for  housing  labor  upon  the 
premises  of  the  employer.  In  addition  to 
the  terms  of  the  law.  a  code  of  simple  regu- 
lations was  also  prepared  for  the  use  of 
employers  and  operators  of  labor  camps. 

Since  we  are  dealing  with  the  housing 
of  migratory  labor  it  must  be  understood 
that  it  is  not  always  possible  to  apply  the 


paper  read  before 
sity    of    Californii 


Western  Coi 
Berkeley. 


same  standards  to  camps  of  a  transitory 
character  as  would  be  applied  to  those  of 
a  more  permanent  nature.  What  would  be 
deemed  a  necessity  in  a  labor  camp  estab- 
lished in  the  lumbering  section  of  the  state 
to  remain  for  a  period  of  years,  would  work 
a  hardship  upon  an  operator  of  a  camp 
provided  for  pea  pickers  whose  work  is  fin- 
ished in  less  than  thirty  days. 

Among  the  salient  features  of  our  Labor 
Camp  Law  the  following  six  are  of  partic- 
ular interest: 

1.  Bunk  houses,  tents,  or  other  suitable 
sleeping  places  must  be  provided  and  must 
be  in  good  structural  condition  so  as  to 
afford  shelter  against  the  elements  and  ex- 
clude dampness. 

Enforcement  of  this  provision  assures 
the  worker  of  decent  quarters  and  protects 
him  from  the  "ground  for  a  floor  and  sky 
for  a  roof"  type  of  sleeping  accommoda- 
tions. It  eliminates  the  ragged  tent,  brush 
shelter,  barn  or  stable  formerly  considered 
sufficient  for  the  lodging  of  the  worker. 

2.  Suitable  bunks  or  beds  shall  be  pro- 
vided for  employees.  A  clear  space  of 
twenty  inches  measured  from  floor  to  ceil- 
ing must  be  allowed  between  beds  or 
bunks.    A  mattress  or  equally  comfortable 


^    21    ► 


bedding  must  be  supplied  upon  request,  a 
reasonable  charge  for  which  must  be  made 
by  the  employer.  Ticks  or  containers  must 
be  supplied  if  straw  or  other  substitute  for 
mattresses  is  used.  In  this  manner  the  com- 
mon practice  whereby  the  only  bed  sup- 
plied was  space  on  the  floor  or  ground  with 
a  little  straw  thrown  in  is  done  away  with. 
Platform  bunks  have  been  eliminated  as 
well  as  wooden  bunks  containing  loose 
straw,  which  became  rapidly  infested  with 
vermin.  Comfort  and  cleanliness  in  beds 
are  made  possible. 

3.  Dining  rooms,  kitchen  or  other  struc- 
tures where  food  is  cooked,  prepared  or 
served  must  be  kept  clean  and  sanitary; 
opening  must  be  screened,  cooking  uten- 
sils, dishes,  knives,  forks,  spoons  and  other 
implements  for  eating  must  be  kept  clean, 
unbroken  and  sanitary. 

Proper  protection  for  food  is  most  essen- 
tial. Contamination  of  food  in  filthy  and 
unscreened  kitchens  is  unavoidable.  Such 
a  provision  not  only  acts  as  a  measure  for 
protection  against  disease  but  affords  com- 
fort to  employees  during  meal  hours. 

4.  Every  camp  must  provide  and  prop- 
erly maintain  suitable  bathing  and  toilet 
facilities. 

When  state  regulation  of  labor  camps 
commenced  bathing  facilities  were  entire- 
ly lacking,  but  beyond  that  such  installa- 
tion was  deemed  an  unheard  of  and  en- 
tirely unreasonable  proposal.  Men  em- 
ployed in  camps  had  never  bathed,  there- 
fore they  never  would  bathe;  so  why  should 
baths  be  furnished?  Today  the  properly 
equipped  bath  house  is  as  much  a  part  of 
a  camp  layout  as  the  kitchen,  and  it  is  used. 

The  highly  primitive  burlap  or  shack 
structure  used  for  toilet  purposes  has  been 
displaced  with  properly  built  and  maintain- 
ed privies,  and  in  many  instances  flush  toi- 
lets, and  a  grave  danger  to  public  health 
removed  while  a  standard  of  decency  and 
privacy  is  established. 


5.  Garbage,  kitchen  waste  and  refuse 
must  be  placed  in  covered  receptacles,  must 
be  emptied  daily  or  oftener  and  the  con- 
tents burned,  buried  or  otherwise  disposed 
of.  Drainage  from  sinks  must  be  carried 
through  covered  drains  to  covered  cess- 
pools or  septic  tanks  or  other  satisfactory 
disposition  made. 

It  is  elementary  that  proper  garbage  as 
well  as  sanitary  treatment  of  drainage  are 
highly  essential  to  healthful  camps. 

6.  At  every  camp  a  responsible  person 
must  be  appointed  to  assist  in  keeping 
camps  clean. 

The  best  built  camps,  the  most  modern 
equipment,  will  soon  deteriorate  if  care  is 
not  given  to  their  upkeep.  Those  employed 
in  the  field  cannot  be  expected  to  look  after 
this  phase  and  in  order  that  proper  stan- 
dards may  be  maintained  it  follows  that 
some  definite  person  must  be  assigned  to 
such  work. 

It  must  be  recognized  that  in  California, 
as  elsewhere,  agriculture  has  suffered  with 
other  forms  of  human  endeavor  and  that 
during  the  period  of  stress  it  would  be  an 
unjust  abuse  of  authority  to  enforce  the 
terms  of  the  labor  camp  law  in  the  same 
fashion  as  in  good  times.  Accordingly  the 
enforcing  power  has  contented  itself  with 
requiring  a  minimum  of  standards  consist- 
ent with  health  and  safety.  Where  an  oper- 
ator provides  a  sufficient  supply  of  whole- 
some water,  adequate  toilet  and  bathing 
facilities  commensurate  with  the  number  of 
employees,  proper  garbage  and  drainage 
disposal  and  keeps  the  camp  location  clean 
and  free  from  debris,  latitude  is  allowed 
with  reference  to  sleeping  quarters. 

California's  labor  camps  house  between 
70,000  and  80,000  persons  every  year, 
about  fifty  per  cent  of  whom  are  foreign 
born.  Approximately  forty  per  cent  of  this 
entire  population  is  made  up  of  women  and 
children. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^     22     ►       SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


HISTORIC    AMERICAN   BUILDINGS    SURVEY 


NATIONAL     PARK     SERVICE 
U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


DISTRICT  NO.  38 
IRVING  F.  MORROW 
DISTRICT    OFFICER 


Portfolio  No.  Four 


ST.  JAMES  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH, 
SONORA,  CALIFORNIA 


^    23    ► 


HISTORIC    AMERICAN    BUILDINGS    SURVEY 


RUSSIAN  CHAPEL.  FORT  ROSS, 
SONOMA  COUNTY.  FORT  ROSS  IS 
THE  ONLY  RELIC  OF  THE  RUSSIAN 
OCCUPATION  OF  CALIFORNIA.  IT 
WAS  SETTLED  IN  1812  AND  AFTER 
AN  UNSUCCESSFUL  CAREER  OF 
SOME  30  YEARS  WAS  SOLD  TO  CAP- 
TAIN JOHN  A.  SUTTER,  WHO,  AT 
THAT  TIME,  WAS  ONE  OF  THE 
LARGEST  LAND  HOLDERS  IN  THE 
STATE. 


I 


FRONT  AND  SIDE  ELEVATIONS, 
RUSSIAN  CHAPEL.  FORT  ROSS.  THIS 
BUILDING  WAS  ERECTED  IN  1812-14. 
IT  IS  ENTIRELY  OF  WOOD  AND 
CONTRARY  TO  THE  SPANISH 
ARCHITECTURE  OF  CALIFORNIA. 
CLEARLY  SHOWS  THE  INFLUENCE 
OF  A  WOOD  TRADITION  IN  THE 
HOME  COUNTRY. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^     24     ►       SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


HISTORIC    AMERICAN    BUILDINGS    SURVEY 


PLANS,  RUSSIAN  CHAPEL,  FORT 
ROSS,  SHOWING  CHAPEL  AND 
ORIGINAL  INCLOSURE.  THE 
CHAPEL  WAS  PRACTICALLY  DE- 
MOLISHED IN  THE  EARTHQUAKE 
OF  1906.  IT  WAS  RECONSTRUCTED 
FROM  THE  ORIGINAL  MATERIAL  IN 
1915-1917  AT  WHICH  TIME  MINOR 
CHANGES  WERE  MADE  IN  THE 
DESIGN.  IT  IS  NOW  THE  PROPERTY 
OF    THE    STATE    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


ST.  ANNS  CHURCH,  COLUMBIA, 
TUOLUMNE  COUNTY,  CALIFORNIA. 
THIS  EDIFICE,  BUILT  OF  BRICK  IN 
1855,  IS  ONE  OF  THE  OLDEST 
CHURCHES  IN  THE  MINING  COUN- 
TRY. CHURCH  AND  GRAVE  YARD 
HAVE  BEEN  PRESERVED  AS  A  VER- 
ITABLE ISLAND  SURROUNDED  BY 
COUNTRY  DEVASTATED  BY  HY- 
DRAULIC MINING. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^     26     ^       SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


■.-            „■-.    5-      _    "- 

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l.[J      TO     PLOT-  PH 


HISTORIC    AMERICAN    BUILDINGS    SURVEY 


PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH, 

MARYSVILLE.  CALIFORNIA. 
THIS  STRUCTURE,  BUILT  OF 
BRICK  IN  1859,  STILL  REMAINS 
ONE  OF  THE  BEST  DESIGNED 
CHURCHES  IN  CALIFORNIA. 
THE  NAME  OF  THE  ARCHITECT 
HAS  NOT  BEEN  ASCERTAINED. 


CHURCH  IN  DOWNIEVILLE, 
SIERRA  COUNTY,  CALIFORNIA. 
THIS  BUILDING  IS  TYPICAL  OF 
THE  SMALL  MEETING  HOUSES 
THROUGHOUT  THE  LENGTH 
OF  THE  MINING  DISTRICT. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      28     ►      SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Building  Loans 


H 


t  o 


Obt 


a  I  n 


Th 


Funds  for  modernization  are  note  available.  The  Federal  Housing  Administration  has  begun  to 
iunctt::raJ:videnced  by  announcements  of  banks  and  budd.ng  and  '-" /'----JV'-^^  2;^^,^: 
pared  to  reeeive  and  grant  applications  for  loans  from  respons.ble  parties.  ^.  '''^  f.^^^^"^^^^^^^^^ 
L  of  Public  Relations  of  the  Federal  Housing  Comm,ss,on.  has  sent  out  information  «^«"^;/'  5^^^^^ 
ermJnts  modernization  credit  plan  to  banks,  trust  companies  Z^---  -";/--;,  ;  ''/;;  ,;'  ;f  ;'";. 
Title  I  of  the  National  Housing  Act.  Information  relative  to  Titles  II  and  III  of  the  Act  uM  b,  r, 
leased  subsequently  by  the  Federal  Housing  Administration. 

The   pamphlet  describes  the  conditions   under  ivhich    financial    institutions    may    make    personal 
character7Z'ivithout  mortgage  security  to  people  rcho  desire  to  repair  or  remodel  their  property. 

This  initial  step  in  the  Better  Housing  Program  will  make  it  possible  for  financial  institutions  im- 
mediately  to  complete  plans  for  lending  under  the  National  Housing  Act. 


m. 


.OST  of  us  are  prone 
to  think  of  the  casualties  of  the  past  four 
or  five  years  of  depression  in  terms  of  its 
human  victims — and  rightly  so.    But  there 
have  been  other  victims.  Millions  of  Ameri- 
can homes,  apartments,  offices,  stores,  fac- 
tories,  and  other  buildings   have   suffered 
seriously  from  lack  of  normal  care  and  at- 
tention.   The  ravages  of  five  years  of  de- 
preciation and  obsolescence  have  not  been 
taken  care  of  adequately.   Property  owners 
have  not  been  able  to  provide  for  the  neces- 
sary alteration,  repair  and  improvement  of 
their  property  out  of  their  reduced  incomes. 
The  shrinkage  in  values  of  real  property 
and  other  collateral  has  made  it  impossible 
for  owners  to  obtain  credit  which  in  normal 
times  would  have  been  available  to  them 
and  which  would  have  been  repaid  out  of 
their  regular  income. 

The  magnitude  of  this  deferred  work  is 
great.    All  told,  more  than  sixteen  million 


buildings  in  this  country  have  reached  a 
more  or  less  serious  state  of  disrepair. 

Of  the  sixteen  million  buildings,  some 
three  million  have  already  reached  such  a 
physical  state  that  nothing  short  of  a  major 
building  operation  can  save  them.  In  fact, 
the  repair  of  many  of  them  is  unjustified, 
socially  and  economically,  and  their  imme- 
diate fate  should  be  demolition.  The  re- 
maining thirteen  million  require  for  the  most 
part  only  minor  repairs  to  put  them  in  good 
condition;  but  it  is  essential  that  this  recon- 
ditioning be  initiated  at  once. 

No  financial  institution  interested  in  pre- 
serving the  accumulated  savings  of  our 
people  can  fail  to  recognize  the  seriousness 
of  this  situation  nor  fail  to  co-operate  in 
any  feasible  effort  to  correct  the  condition. 

An  Opportunity  and  a  Challenge 
The    situation   presents    an    opportunity 
and  a  challenge.    The  opportunity  is  not 
merely  to  stop  the  destruction  of  property 


^    29    ► 


values,  but  also  to  provide  employment  for 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  those  workers 
who  have  suffered  most  severely  from  the 
depression. 

Approximately  4,000,000  men  and  wom- 
en, formerly  employed  either  in  the  con- 
struction industry  itself  or  in  allied  or  con- 
tributing industries,  are  suffering  from  lack 
of  employment  in  their  accustomed  fields. 
These  millions  of  unemployed  form  a  sub- 
stantial portion  of  those  who,  during  the 
first  five  months  of  1934  through  one  form 
or  another  of  relief  and  emergency  em- 
ployment, required  the  expenditure  of 
many  millions  of  public  funds  each  month, 
all  of  which  must  be  recouped  by  taxation. 

Normally,  a  large  proportion  of  these 
millions  of  specialized  workers  would  be 
hired  directly  or  indirectly  by  property 
owners  to  maintain  their  property  in  good 
condition.  If  such  work  is  undertaken  at 
once,  the  effect  on  employment  will  be  cum- 
ulative. Manufacturers  of  building  mater- 
ials and  other  durable  goods  will  in  turn 
employ  additional  workers;  the  transporta- 
tion industry  will  receive  its  share  in  busi- 
ness revival  and  purchasing  power  in  gen- 
eral will  be  augmented.  Such  increased 
purchasing  power,  once  circulating  with 
requisite  velocity,  will  mean  increased  busi- 
ness for  banks,  local  merchants,  profes- 
sional groups,  and  others  in  service  activ- 
ities. 

An  adequate  expenditure  to  take  care  of 
the  accumulated  demand  for  repairs,  re- 
modeling, and  modernizing  can  help  ac- 
complish such  a  result.  Therein  lies  the 
challenge. 

The  National  Housing  Act 

Congress  and  the  President  have  accept- 
ed this  challenge.  Through  the  passage  of 
the  National  Housing  Act,  signed  by  the 


President  on  June  27,  1934,  a  Federal 
Housing  Administration  has  been  created. 
Under  this  authority,  all  elements  in  each 
community  throughout  the  land  can  co- 
operate to  help  remove  the  "key  log"  in  the 
credit  jam  that  has  been  holding  back  this 
work,  so  that  normal  credit  will  flow  again 
in  amounts  adequate  to  meet  all  legitimate 
needs. 

To  date,  adequate  credit  has  been  lack- 
ing. First,  the  liquid  assets  of  property 
owners  in  general  have  been  depleted. 
They,  therefore,  have  been  unable  to  pro- 
vide collateral  which  would  safeguard  our 
banks  and  other  financial  institutions  in  ex- 
tending them  credit.  Second,  the  current 
incomes  of  many  property  owners,  while 
better  assured  than  they  were,  may  not  be 
sufficiently  assured  to  be  accepted  by  finan- 
cial institutions  as  a  basis  for  credit  in  the 
absence  of  collateral.  Third,  unsecured 
personal  loans,  of  adequate  term  for  the 
purpose  needed,  even  to  bona  fide  prop- 
erty owners  of  highest  integrity,  have  not 
provided  sufficient  liquidity  to  meet  the 
proper  requirements  of  good  banking  prac- 
tice. 

A  New  Plan  for  Providing  Credit 

This  is  an  outline  of  the  general  method 
of  procedure  which  may  be  followed  by 
financial  institutions  participating  in  the 
better  housing  program  of  the  Federal 
Housing  Administration. 

The  Modernization  Credit  Plan  uses 
tried  and  tested  principles  to  produce  a 
unique  method  for  financing  repairs,  alter- 
ations and  improvements  for  property  own- 
ers. Operation  can  start  immediately  — 
today.    Everything  is  ready. 

Through  the  co-operation  of  financial  in- 
stitutions and  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment credit  for  property  owners  becomes 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    30   ► 


SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


available  on  the  most  reasonable  basis  ever 
offered  for  such  financing. 

Financial  institutions  may  supply  credit 
by  the  method  with  which  they  are  most 
familiar.  By  making  loans  or  purchasing 
notes  under  the  plan,  financial  institutions 
will  obtain  an  investment  providing  a  satis- 
factory return  plus  compensation  for  the 
extra  expense  of  handling  this  type  of 
transaction. 

The  Government,  providing  insurance 
without  cost  to  cover  any  probable  loss  to 
the  financial  institutions,  will  contribute  its 
share  to  make  this  type  of  paper  a  distinc- 
tive investment. 

Dealers  and  contractors  will  profit  from 
the  additional  business  resulting  from  the 
plan.  They  will  obtain  cash  in  settlement 
for  the  cost  of  improvement  jobs  arranged 
by  property  owners;  and  they  are  expected 
to  give  property  owners  the  benefit  of  low- 
est cash  prices. 

The  Procedure  to  be  Followed 
The  handling  of  modernization  credits 
under  this  plan  is  very  simple.  Consider 
the  case  of  a  property  owner  who  decides 
he  wants  to  make  certain  improvements, 
has  obtained  estimates,  and  has  decided 
how  the  job  will  be  done.  He  may  engage 
a  contractor.  He  may  engage  his  own 
labor.  He  may  purchase  materials  from 
whomever  offers  the  best  prices.  He  may 
do  his  own  work.  There  is  no  limitation  on 
how  he  may  do  the  job. 

To  offer  a  plan  practical  throughout  the 
nation,  flexibility  is  essential.  Considering 
the  various  types  of  financial  institutions 
and  different  methods  of  financing  which 
may  be  used,  several  alternatives  are  pos- 
sible. 

This  type  of  credit  consists  of  financing 
a  lasting  home  improvement  on  a  time  pay- 
ment basis.    For  the  first  time  a  plan  uni- 


versal in  scope  is  offered  combining  the  best 
features  of  cash  purchase  and  extended 
payment. 

Here,  for  instance,  are  typical  plans: 
/.   Loans  by  Banks 

Property  owner  goes  directly  to  an  ap- 
proved bank,  fills  out  and  signs  property 
owner's  credit  statement.  If  approved,  he 
signs  a  promissory  note.  He  then  receives 
the  proceeds  and  either  engages  contract- 
ors or  purchases  materials  and  does  the 
work  himself  and  pays  the  bills  on  the  low- 
est cash  basis. 

//.  Loans  by  Industrial  Banks 
Property  owner  presents  his  credit  state- 
ment to  the  financial  institution  and  if  ap- 
proved signs  promissory  note  and  receives 
the  proceeds  in  cash.  The  principal  differ- 
ence between  this  transaction  and  the  bank 
loan  referred  to  above  probably  would  be 
that  a  discount  note  would  be  used,  and 
monthly  payments  or  deposits  might  be  ac- 
cumulated to  apply  in  a  lump  sum  to  pay 
the  note  at  maturity. 

///.  Notes  Purchased  by  Finance 
Companies 
Property  owner  submits  his  credit  state- 
ment to  a  contractor  or  dealer.  The  latter 
submits  the  statement  to  a  financial  insti- 
tution for  credit  approval.  If  approved, 
contractor  proceeds  with  the  work.  Upon 
completion  of  the  job  the  property  owner 
gives  the  contractor  his  promissory  note  for 
payment.  The  contractor  after  endorsing 
the  note,  with  or  without  recourse  as  ar- 
ranged, sells  it  to  the  financial  institution 
and  obtains  cash  in  payment  of  the  job. 

The  Limit  on  Cost 
There    is    one    basic    requirement    with 
which  every  mehod  must  comply.    A  finan- 
cial institution  may  not  collect  in  interest 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      <4      3 1      ^      SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THmTY-FOUR 


and/or  discount  and  or  fee  a  total  charge 
exceeding  an  amount  equivalent  to  $5  dis- 
count per  year  per  $100  original  face 
amount  of  the  note,  the  note  to  be  paid  in 
periodic  equal  installments  not  oftener  than 
once  a  month. 

For  example,  this  means  that  for  a  job 
costing  $95,  the  note  could  have  a  face 
amount  of  $100  and  the  total  return  to  the 
financial  institution  could  not  exceed  $5,  the 
property  owner  to  make  monthly  install- 
ments of  $8.34  (with  adjustment  on  last 
payment ) .  The  above  assumes  a  1  year 
note.  So  that  the  rate  of  return  on  notes 
from  13  to  36  months  shall  be  no  greater 
than  on  a  1  year  note,  a  slight  reduction 
would  be  required  in  the  discount  for  the 
longer  terms  —  exact  detailed  figures  be- 
ing supplied  in  "Tables  of  Calculations" 
available  to  approved  financial  institutions. 

Consider  some  examples  of  how  this 
would  operate. 

(a)  A  bank,  for  instance,  might  make  a 
loan  at  6  per  cent  simple  interest — or  some 
other  interest  rate  —  to  cover  the  normal 
lending  service,  and  if  so  empowered  ob- 
tain a  service  fee  to  cover  the  extra  cost  of 
investigation  and  handling  installments  and 
to  compensate  for  the  lack  of  a  deposit  bal- 
ance on  the  part  of  the  property  owner. 
The  only  requirement  is  that  the  total 
amount  so  collected  shall  not  exceed  the 
equivalent  of  $5  discount  per  year  on  each 
$100,  as  stated. 

(b)  A  finance  company,  or  bank  if  so 
empowered,  may  deduct  a  discount  of  5  per 
cent  or  a  lesser  amount,  of  the  face  of  a 
note,  which  would  include  both  the  return 
for  the  use  of  the  money  as  well  as  the  han- 
dling or  financing  cost  involved  in  this  type 
of  transaction.  The  only  requirement  is 
that  the  discount  so  collected  shall  not  ex- 
ceed $5  per  year  on  each  $100,  as  stated. 

(c)  A  finance  company,  or  bank,  or 
other  financial  institution  might  arrange  to 


handle  the  transaction  this  way:  A  note 
given  by  a  property  owner  to  a  contractor 
or  dealer  providing  for  6  per  cent  or  some 
other  rate  of  interest,  will  be  purchased  by 
the  financial  institution.  The  interest  of 
course  would  be  paid  by  the  property  own- 
er. At  the  time  of  the  purchase,  discount 
fee  could  be  deducted  which  might  be  ab- 
sorbed by  the  contractor  or  dealer  if  so  ar- 
ranged. The  only  requirement,  as  in  the 
other  examples,  is  that  the  total  amount, 
both  in  the  form  of  interest  on  the  note  it- 
self and  the  discount  charge,  shall  not  ex- 
ceed an  amount  equivalent  to  $5  discount 
per  year  on  each  $100,  as  stated. 

(d)  The  allowable  total  charge  estab- 
lished above  represents  a  maximum.  Any 
financial  institution  desiring  to  provide 
modernization  credits  at  a  lower  cost  may, 
of  course,  do  so.  Finance  companies  or 
others,  who  prefer  to  purchase  notes,  add- 
ing the  interest  to  the  amount  of  the  job, 
may  do  so  provided  that  the  total  sum  col- 
lected does  not  exceed  an  amount  equiva- 
lent to  $5  discount  per  year  on  a  $100  note. 

Loans  or  advances  under  this  plan  may 
be  made  only  for  property  modernization 
purposes.  For  convenience  in  handling  de- 
tails of  calculation,  if  the  proceeds  of  a  note 
are  slightly  in  excess  of  the  amount  ap- 
plied for.  such  excess  may  be  considered  as 
part  of  the  modernization  cost  provided  it 
is  not  more  than  $5  on  any  one  note. 

Insurance  Provisions 

A  Contract  of  Insurance  will  be  issued 
to  each  institution  whose  application  for  in- 
surance is  approved  by  the  Federal  Hous- 
ing Administration.  There  will  be  no  pre- 
mium or  other  charge  for  such  insurance. 

This  contract  will  protect  financial  insti- 
tutions against  all  losses  incurred  on  loans 
made  or  notes  purchased  by  them  up  to 
total  aggregate  losses  of  20  per  cent  of  the 
total   face  amount  of  such  notes  held  by 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


<^    32    ► 


SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


them,  or  on  which  they  may  continue  hable. 
during  the  time  such  insurance  contract  is 
in  force. 

The  highest  known  loss  ratio  on  similar 
types  of  receivables  has  not  exceeded  3  per 
cent,  and  it  is  hardly  conceivable  that  these 
credits,  extended  by  prudent  institutions, 
could  result  in  losses  greatly  exceeding  this 
previous  experience.  The  insurance  pro- 
vided is,  therefore,  tantamount  to  a  com- 
plete guarantee  for  financial  institutions. 
That  is,  if  a  financial  institution  acquires 
notes  aggregating  a  total  volume  of  $100.- 
000,  it  will  be  insured  against  100  per  cent 
of  loss  on  all  items,  up  to  total  aggregate 
losses  of  $20,000.  Losses  this  large  have 
never  been  approached  in  America  on  this 
type  of  business,  even  in  the  worst  depres- 
sion years. 

A  financial  institution  may  determine  for 
itself,  with  complete  assurance,  that  a  note 
taken  or  purchased  by  it  is  qualified  for  in- 
surance. If  the  note  on  its  face  complies 
with  the  requirements  of  the  Federal  Hous- 
ing Administration  and  if  the  financial  in- 
stitution does  not  receive  a  return  on  the 
note  in  excess  of  the  amount  permitted, 
and.  if  the  Property  Owner's  Credit  State- 
ment reveals  the  other  facts  necessary  to 
make  the  note  eligible,  these  may  be  accept- 
ed as  final  and  conclusive  proof  of  eligi- 
bility and  no  further  evidence  will  be  re- 
quired by  the  Federal  Housing  Adminis- 
tration. 

1.  Promissory  notes  must  be  signed  by 
owners  of  improved  real  property  and  must 
be  valid  and  enforceable  in  the  state  in 
which  they  are  issued.  Owners  of  im- 
proved real  property  include,  in  addition  to 
owners  in  fee,  persons  holding  an  equity 
under  mortgage,  trust,  or  contract,  persons 
holding  a  leasehold  under  a  renewable 
lease  for  99  years  or  more  and  persons 
holding  a  lease-hold  for  a  lesser  term,  pro- 


vided such  lease  has  more  than  fifty  years 
to  run.  Except  in  unusual  cases  agreeable 
to  the  financial  institution,  notes  should  be 
signed  by  both  husband  and  wife,  unless 
forbidden  by  state  law. 

Notes  may  be  signed  by  lessees,  other 
than  those  which  may  be  classed  as  own- 
ers, provided  that  the  lease  requires  the 
lessee  to  make  alterations,  repairs  and  im- 
provements and  provided,  further,  that  the 
final  termination  date  of  the  lease  is  at  least 
six  months  beyond  the  final  maturity  date 
of  the  note.  In  such  cases,  a  certified  copy 
of  the  lease  must  be  furnished  to  the  finan- 
cial institution  at  the  time  the  note  is  pur- 
chased and  must  be  retained  by  it  as  part 
of  its  documentary  evidence  of  the  transac- 
tion. 

2.  Notes  must  not  involve  an  obhgation. 
the  face  amount  of  which  is  of  less  than 
$100  nor  more  than  $2,000,  even  though 
the  repair  or  remodeling  job  may  cost  in 
excess  of  the  latter  amount. 

3.  The  financial  institution  may  not  col- 
lect as  interest  and  or  discount  and/or  fee 
of  any  kind,  a  total  charge  in  excess  of  an 
amount  equivalent  to  $5  discount  per  year 
$100  original  face  amount  of  note. 

4.  Notes  may  provide  for  the  payment 
by  the  maker  of  a  "late  charge"  not  to  ex- 
ceed five  cents  per  dollar  of  each  install- 
ment payment  more  than  15  days  in  ar- 
rears, to  cover  the  extra  expense  involved 
in  following  up  and  handling  delinquent 
payments. 

5.  Notes  may  not  have  a  final  maturity 
in  excess  of  3  years.  A  financial  institution 
desiring  to  make  loans  or  purchase  notes 
with  a  final  maturity  exceeding  3  years,  but 
not  more  than  5  years,  may  apply  to  the 
Federal  Housing  Administration  for  per- 
mission. 

6.  Notes  must  be  payable  in  equal 
monthly  installments  except   the   final   in- 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^     33     ►      SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


stallment  which  may  be  sHghtly  less.  How- 
ever, if  the  income  of  the  maker  is  received 
in  the  form  of  proceeds  from  the  sale  of 
agricultural  crops  or  livestock,  notes  may 
be  made  payable  in  installments  corre- 
sponding to  income  dates  shown  on  the 
Property  Owner's  Credit  Statement.  Even 
in  such  cases  at  least  one  payment  must  be 
made  yearly,  however,  and  the  proportion 
of  total  principal  to  be  paid  in  later  years 
must  not  exceed  the  proportion  of  total 
principal  payable  in  earlier  years. 

7.  The  note  must  have  been  made  to 
cover  payments  for  alterations,  repairs,  or 
improvements  upon  real  property  belong- 
ing to  the  maker.  An  alteration,  repair,  or 
improvement  job  may  include  the  cost  of 
necessary  architectural  or  engineering 
service,  if  used. 

8.  The  note  must  not  have  been  made  to 
cover  payments  for  movable  equipment  not 
considered  a  part  of  the  real  estate  when 
installed. 

9.  The  property  to  be  improved  must  not 
have  outstanding  against  it  delinquent 
taxes  or  assessments.  Such  property  must 
not  have  outstanding  against  it  a  mortgage 
or  other  lien  not  in  good  standing  unless 
the  holder  of  such  encumbrance  endorses 
the  maker's  obligation  with  recourse.  Prop- 
erty having  outstanding  against  it  a  de- 
mand mortgage  such  as  used  in  some  states, 
will  be  considered  in  good  standing  if  the 
property  owner  is  making  the  regular  inter- 
est (and  principal,  if  required)  payments 
on  it  which  he  has  been  making  either  for 
the  past  three  years,  or  since  the  execution 
of  the  mortgage. 

10.  The  maker  (or  husband  and  wife, 
jointly,  if  both  are  signers)  must  have  a 
stated  bona  fide  source  of  annual  income  at 
the  time  of  the  application,  at  least  equal 
to  five  times  the  annual  payments  which  the 
maker  must  pay  on  the  note   (or  notes,  if 


the  same  maker  appears  on  more  than  one 
such  note ) . 

1 1 .  Any  number  of  separate  notes  may 
be  made  for  improving  a  single  piece  of 
property,  but  the  aggregate  principal 
amount  of  such  obligations  may  not  exceed 
$2,000.  Any  notes  in  excess  of  this  amount 
will  not  qualify  for  insurance,  but  if  the 
notes  are  made  or  sold  to  more  than  one 
financial  institution,  each  financial  institu- 
tion shall  be  entitled  to  rely  on  the  Property 
Owner's  Credit  Statement  as  to  the  amount 
of  prior  notes. 

No  property  owner  may  obtain  credits  to 
improve  more  than  five  separate  pieces  of 
property  (not  exceeding  $2,000  principal 
amount  of  obligation  on  each  property), 
without  the  prior  approval  of  the  Federal 
Housing  Administration. 

Credit  under  this  plan  will  be  based  on 
the  personal  character  and  earning  power 
of  the  property  owner.  No  collateral,  co- 
makers or  other  endorsers  are  required  in 
order  to  have  the  notes  qualify  for  insur- 
ance. 

Credit  Standards  to  be  Maintained 
Full  authority  and  responsibility  rest 
with  the  financial  institution  for  approving 
the  credit  of  the  property  owner.  The  Fed- 
eral Housing  Administration  believes  this 
plan  can  be  liberally  administered  so  that 
any  eligible  property  owner  anywhere  in 
the  country  may  carry  out  improvements. 
Each  note  which  meets  with  the  simple  re- 
quirements heretofore  set  forth,  is  insured 
automatically  when  acquired  by  an  ap- 
proved financial  institution.  This  fact,  how- 
ever, should  not  cause  financial  institutions 
to  relax  their  credit  standards.  Each  finan- 
cial institution  will  make  such  credit  inves- 
tigations as  are  deemed  adequate  to  verify 
the  statements  made  on  the  Property  Own- 
er's Credit  Statement,  even  though  so  far 
as   insurance   protection   is  concerned    the 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    34    ► 


SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


statements  of  the  borrower  will  be  accepted 
as  final  as  to  correctness  in  the  event  a 
claim  for  loss  becomes  necessary. 

It  is  vital  that  the  property  owner  should 
not  assume  an  obligation  that  is  too  large, 
or  which  extends  over  too  long  a  period. 
The  note  should  be  liquidated  within  the 
life  of  the  improvements  for  which  the 
credit  is  obtained.  Financial  institutions 
should  ask  themselves:  "Is  it  reasonable  to 
expect  that  this  property  owner  can  pay 
back  in  installments  of  the  size  desired  and 
within  the  time  fixed,  the  amount  of  the 
note?"  The  fact  that  the  conditions  of  elig- 
ibility provide  for  certain  maximum  periods 
does  not  mean  that  all  notes  should  extend 
to  the  limits  set.  Financial  institutions  are 
given  complete  latitude,  within  the  limits 
set,  to  determine  the  period  which  may  be 
desirable  and  proper,  in  connection  with  the 
loans  they  may  make  or  the  notes  they  may 
purchase.  The  mere  size  of  the  note  should 
not  be  the  determining  factor;  all  factors 
should  be  considered. 

It  is  not  the  purpose  of  the  National 
Housing  Act  to  encourage  unwise  expendi- 
ture of  money  by  property  owners  in  im- 
proving property  actually  beyond  the  pos- 
sibility of  effective  rehabilitation. 

The  advisability  of  proposed  improve- 
ments to  buildings  which  do  not  result  in 
conformation  with  local  zoning  and  other 
ordinances  should  be  questioned.  Property 
owners  should  not  be  encouraged  to  bor- 
row where  the  proposed  expenditure  would 
increase  the  total  cost  of  the  property 
greatly  beyond  the  cost  of  corresponding 
property  in  the  same  neighborhood.  A 
$5,000  house  in  a  $3,000  neighborhood 
generally  will  be  an  unwise  investment. 


Extra  caution  should  be  exercised  before 
approving  an  expenditure  by  owners  for 
modernizing  properties  located  in  areas 
marked  either  for  early  demolition  or 
known  as  slum  areas,  or  otherwise  obso- 
lescent or  out  of  harmony  with  the  zoning 
or  city  plan  for  such  areas.  It  is  suggested 
that  financial  institutions  inform  themselves 
of  such  areas  in  their  respective  communit- 
ies to  serve  as  a  ready  guide  in  acting  on 
the  extension  of  credit  to  property  owners 
in  such  areas.  Advancing  of  credit  for 
other  than  minor  or  sanitary  repairs  of 
properties  in  such  areas  generally  will  not 
benefit  the  owners  or  the  community  and 
should  be  discouraged. 

Expert  Advice  Desirable 
Undertaking  major  structural  changes  in 
any  building,  small  or  large,  without  com- 
petent architectural  or  engineering  super- 
vision is  a  dangerous  procedure  because 
total  costs  are  likely  to  mount  far  beyond 
original  estimates  made  by  the  property 
owner. 

While  the  regulations  do  not  require  the 
financial  institution  to  determine  whether 
or  not  the  owner  has  spent  or  intends  to 
spend  the  money  wisely,  the  soundness  of 
the  expenditure  naturally  will  have  a  direct 
bearing  on  the  property  owner's  willing- 
ness to  pay  the  note.  Therefore,  in  their 
own  self  interest,  financial  institutions 
should  exercise  care  in  seeing  that  the  in- 
terests of  the  property  owner  are  furthered 
by  the  transaction.  It  should  be  possible, 
before  any  loan  is  made  or  note  is  pur- 
chased, to  determine,  through  conversation 
with  the  contractor,  the  property  owner  or 
otherwise  whether  in  each  case  the  prop- 
erty owner's  interests  have  been  properly 
safeguarded. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^     35     ^      SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


THE  MODERNIZED  OFFICES  OF  ].  WALTER  THOMPSON 
COMPANY  IN  THE  WRIGLEY  BUILDING.  CHICAGO.  ILL. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^     36      ^       SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTV-FOUR 


Portals 


E 


OR  many  years  — 
through  boom  and  depression  —  the  adver- 
tising agency  has  furnished  a  fertile  field 
for  the  architect.  Nor  have  the  arts  been 
neglected. 

A  visit  to  New  York  or  Chicago  offices 
of  leading  companies  in  the  field  reveals  a 
richness  and  originality  which  is  rarely  sur- 
passed in  other  lines  of  business.  Here,  in- 
deed, both  architect  and  decorator  have  had 
a  free  hand. 

While  advertising  agencies  on  the  Coast 
have  established  themselves  in  fine  offices, 
it  is  believed  that  the  field  here  is  still  open 
to  creative  possibilities.  Western  archi- 
tects, meanwhile,  will  want  to  consider 
some  of  the  more  interesting  Eastern  de- 
velopments— not  only  for  adaptation  to  the 
needs  of  Coast  advertising  firms,  but  also 
for  offices  in  other  fields. 

The  J.  Walter  Thompson  Company, 
which  has  offices  in  San  Francisco  and  Los 
Angeles,  as  well  as  in  the  East  and  abroad, 
has  just  completed  the  remodeling  of  its 
Chicago  offices  in  the  Wrigley  Building.  A 
brief  description  follows: 

Tall,  solid  doors  of  ebony  black,  framed 
in  aluminum  with  broad  natural  wood  pan- 
els on  either  side,  open  into  the  new  recep- 
tion room  which  is  planned  to  achieve  the 
quiet  tone  of  a  comfortable  library.  Deep 
green  woodwork,  contrasting  walls,  a  par- 
quetry floor  of  glossy  black  rubber  tile,  the 
whole  illuminated  by  table  lamps,  create  an 


atmosphere  of  quiet  restfulness.  A  circular 
bookcase,  from  floor  to  ceiling,  low  seats  of 
modified  modernistic  style,  a  lovely  old 
French  Provincial  table  across  the  end  wall 
with  wood  tables  fashioned  after  French 
gaming  tables  designed  for  three  players 
along  the  side  walls,  deep  green  leather 
chairs,  and  lamps  whose  shades  reflect  the 
same  deep  wood  green,  are  features  of  the 
decoration. 

Pictorial  decorations  include  a  series  of 
early  French  engravings  and  a  selection  of 
pages  out  of  advertising's  past  which  dem- 
onstrate the  cogency  of  the  axiom  of  Marie 
Antoinette's  milliner  that  "nothing  is  new 
except  that  which  is  forgotten."  In  the  col- 
lection appears  a  classic  precedent  for  Dr. 
S.  Parke  Cadman's  widely  discussed  recent 
endorsement  of  a  fountain  pen.  It  is  a  full 
page  advertisement  from  Godey's  Lady  s 
Book  of  1889  in  which  Henry  Ward 
Beecher  gives  his  unqualified  endorsement 
of  Pear's  soap.  In  that  advertisement  Mr. 
Beecher  said:  "If  cleanliness  is  next  to  god- 
liness, soap  must  be  considered  as  a  means 
of  grace  and  a  clergyman  who  recommends 
moral  things  should  be  willing  to  recom- 
mend soap.  I  am  told  that  my  commenda- 
tion of  Pear's  soap  has  opened  for  it  a  large 
sale  in  the  United  States.  I  am  willing  to 
stand  by  every  word  in  favor  of  it  that  I 
ever  uttered.  A  man  must  be  fastidious  in- 
deed who  is  not  satisfied  with  it." 

Other  advertisements  of  the  eighties  and 
nineties  reveal  the  prototype  of  present  day 
continuity  advertising,  a  violent  attack  by 
Sohmer    Piano    on    the    artist    testimonials 


^   37  ► 


then  being  used  by  Steinway  and  other 
piano  manufacturers;  and  early  examples 
of  advertisements  simulating  editorial 
pages.  One  of  the  earliest  advertisements 
shown  is  one  by  William  Figg,  master  of 
swordsmanship,  seeking  patrons  among 
gentlemen  who  wanted  to  increase  their 
proficiency  in  the  use  of  these  side-arms  "at 
home  and  abroad."  This  advertisement  was 
written,  illustrated  and  engraved  by  Wil- 
iam  Hogarth  in  1720,  and  is  illustrative  of 
the  commercial  work  that  Hogarth  did  at 


the  beginning  of  a  career  during  which  he 
became  one  of  England's  greatest  painters. 

The  space  immediately  beyond  the  recep- 
tion room  provides  exhibit  room  for  art  and 
advertising  displays.  Being  featured  here 
currently  is  an  exhibition  of  modern  pho- 
tography and  it  is  planned  to  change  these 
exhibits  each  month. 

The  ofBce  interior  has  also  been  redeco- 
rated and  refurnished,  and  an  executive 
suite  along  the  Michigan  Avenue  side  has 
been  added. 


THIS  CHARMING  PLACE  IS  IN  MONTEREY  COUNTY 
Clarence  A.  Tantau,  Architect 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      ^      38     ^       SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


I, 


failure 

Due  to  Improper  Specifications 
by    A.    A.    Brown,    C.    E. 

Editor-S  Note :-CaZi/omm  h  a  timber  producing  state  and  the  manufartnre 
and  sale  of  lumber  and  its  products  is  one  of  our  principal  industries  buci, 
failures  as  this  redivood  affair  often  serve  as  an  excuse  for  urging  fheuseo 
substitutes  for  lumber.  When  the  recent  termite  ^'•'^'"^'■.^"T /"'f  „„7„,  '  ^ 
Los  Angeles  City  Council,  the  use  of  redwood  uas  prohibited  for  oundanon 
purposes  due  to  instances  of  its  failure  to  resist  termite  damage.  T^^e  author  o 
the  article  which  follows  recently  appeared  before  the  members  of  the  Board 
of  Building  and  Safety  Commissioners  in  Los  Angeles  to  present  research  stud^ 
iis  of  the  Termite  Investigations  Committee  and  others  which  data  showed 
that  heart  redwood  containing  not  less  than  15  percent  of  the  hot-water-soluble 
extractive  is  termite  resistant  and  also  decay  resistant  He  recommendecl  that 
a  specification  be  prepared  which  would  insure  to  the  construction  mdustry 
thTredwood  of  the  most  durable  grade  would  be  supplied  and  that  the  use 
of  such  durablJ lumber  be  permitted  under  the  ordinance.  We  are  convin^^ 
that  the  best  interests  of  the  lumber  industry  will  be  served  by  an  analysis  of 
the  causes  leading  to  such  failures  as  this,  together  with  constructive  sugges- 
tions  for  avoiding  a  repetition  of  these  difficulties. 

north  of  Oakdale  Avenue  was  commenced 
August  8,  1930,  and  completed  December 

—  N  reclaiming  swamp  5  of  the  same  year.    Work  on  the  section 

lands  comprising  the  Islais  Creek  Reclama-  south  of  Oakdale  Avenue  started  October 

tion  District,  San  Francisco,  for  use  as  new  15,   1930,  and  was  hnished  June  3,   1931. 

industrial    sites,    a    temporary    wood    box  The  first  failure  occurred  north  of  Oakdale 

drain  was  constructed.    The  box  drain  has  Avenue  on  February  17,   1934,  to  be  fol- 

a  net  cross  sectional  area  of  8x14  feet.    It  bwed  successively  by  a  second  failure  on 

is  supported  by  two  pile  bents,  spaced  10  March  3  and  the  third  break  on  March  15. 

feet  on   centers,   with   caps  and   stringers  Subsequently  the  cover  fill  was  removed  to 

of  Douglas  fir  and  the  plank  sides,  top,  and  avoid   further  collapse,   thus  exposmg   the 

invert  of  heart  common  redwood.    All  tim-  box  for  detailed  inspection, 
ber  was  untreated.   The  structure  was  of  a         In  response  to  an  inquiry  from  the  Secre- 

temporary  nature  having  an  estimated  use  tary  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  for  the  Islais 

life  of  about  10  years.    It  was  planned  to  Creek  Reclamation  District  as  to  the  prob- 

ultimately  replace  the  temporary  construe-  able  cause  of  the  failure,  an  investigation 

tion  with  concrete  as  the  industrial  district  was  made.    The  unsatisfactory  service  of 

developed.    Instead  of  lasting  10  years  the  timber  in  this  structure  is  directly  traceable 

structure  failed,  due  to  decay  of  the  timbers,  to  conditions  that  favor  decay^     ,.,,Hhinn 
in  approximately  3  years.  Dr.    Reginald    H.    Cooley  .    describing 

r    •  ,,,  ,„:  ,    ,„,i    nirprlcr   of    the   Madison    Branch.   Office    for   Invcstiga- 

The    wood   box    drain   was   constructed    in  lp^\U..  RuHo^^,  Bureau^of  Plant  IndusUy,^.  .S^J^P^rt"^ 

two    sections.      Work    on    the    outlet    portion         T.rmirCuntr'ol-'publishk  by  the  university  of  California  Press. 


^    39^ 


conditions  favorable  to  decay,  says:  "De- 
cay is  caused  by  fungi  which  grow  on  and 
in  wood  and  destroy  the  wood  substance 
as  they  grow.  Generally  speaking,  the  most 
important  factor  limiting  their  growth  is 
moisture.         However,     temperature     also 


latter  conditions  are  found  only  under  ex- 
ceptional circumstances,  for  example,  in 
piling  which  is  driven  below  water  level, 
and  therefore  need  not  be  considered  so  far 
as  ordinary  buildings  are  concerned.  The 
conditions  most  favorable  for  decay  occur 


/^A  /e'xZQDouQF/r. 


60    naifa  for  decking 


-^  per  atrinoer  end. 
ZO     s/o/ffee  3  czt  each  strmoer: 
'M''kG"  SPi'kGS 


S  per  pianK. 
t"K32''  c/rif^  bo/ts^  £  per  pi/a. 


'M'/^S"  sp/fr&St  Sper  j/'/a. 


^i/s,  iper  planh^  per  p//c 


'/z^fO"  boat  spiHes. 


^r.Z4'  drift  bolts. 


p  '/<"K6"pgr p/artt^fcih&  pfot 
nvhare  it  ts  possible  to  drive,  witho. 
\  addtTicriQl  eKCOvcit/on. 


FIG.   1— CROSS  SECTION  OF  ISLAIS  CREEK  SEWER,  SAN  FRANCISCO 


affects  the  rate  of  growth,  and  consequently 
the  rapidity  of  their  destructive  action. 
They  are  slowed  up  or  stopped  as  the  ther- 
mometer drops  toward  the  freezing  point, 
and  they  are  killed  by  high  temperatures. 
But  they  cannot  grow  at  all,  no  matter  how 
favorable  the  temperature,  unless  the  mois- 
ture content  of  the  wood  is  suitable  for 
their  development.  Dry  wood  will  not  de- 
cay. Wood  is  food  material  for  fungi,  but 
they  cannot  use  the  food  unless  it  contains 
at  least  15  to  20  per  cent  of  its  weight  in 
water.  On  the  other  hand,  they  cannot  use 
the  food  when  water  is  present  in  excess, 
that  is,  when  the  wood  is  thoroughly  soaked 
through  or  is  submerged  in  water.     The 


when  the  moisture  content  is  somewhat 
above  20  per  cent,  and  somewhat  under  the 
complete  saturation  point. 

"With  these  facts  in  mind,  the  principles 
of  decay  prevention  can  be  reduced  to  the 
following  general  rule:  To  prevent  decay, 
control  the  moisture  content  of  the  wood, 
or,  if  conditions  of  use  are  such  that  mois- 
ture content  cannot  be  controlled,  use  wood 
treated  with  a  suitable  preservative. 

The  Danger  of  Infestation 

"Infestation  may  and  often  does  take 
place  before  wood  is  ever  placed  in  a  build- 
ing, either  through  fungus  spores  that  are 


THE, ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    40    ► 


SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


^B  ^^ 


^-^^ 


^J^A. 


FIG    2— VIEW  SHOWING  CONDITION  OF  REDWOOD  COVER  PLANKS, 
fsLAIS  CREEK  SEWER,  AFTER  FILL  HAD  BEEN  REMOVED 


always  floating  in  the  air,  or  because  the 
lumber  has  been  carelessly  stored  on  the 
ground,  under  leaky  sheds,  or  in  direct  con- 
tact with  decaying  timbers.  After  wood  has 
been  built  into  a  structure  infestation  may 
result  from  contact  with  dirt  or  rubbish, 
with  moist  foundation  or  basement  floors, 
or  even  with  the  ground  itself.  Building- 
rot  fungi  grow  best  in  damp,  stagnant  air. 
Provision  should  be  made  for  adequate  ven- 
tilation. Where  the  decay  hazard  is  great, 
either  the  most  durable  of  woods  or  well 
treated  material   should  be  used.     In   any 


event,  the  general  rule  for  decay  prevention 
holds  good  —  either  control  the  moisture 
content  of  the  wood  or  use  treated  wood. 

The  conditions  described  by  Dr.  Cooley 
as  being  essential  to  the  rapid  destruction 
of  wood  by  fungi  were  present  in  the  Islais 
Creek  job.  The  air  in  the  box  was  warm, 
with  high  humidity  and  no  possible  control 
of  moisture.  It  was  the  Douglas  fir  6"xl8 
roof  stringers  and  3"xl2"  redwood  deck 
planks  that  suffered  the  greatest  destruc- 
tion by  fungi.  ( See  Fig.  1  ) .  The  heart  com- 
mon redwood  deck  planks  were  in  many  in- 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    41    ► 


SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


J^ 

'n^ ,. 

\ 

^. 

\ 

^  , 

'  s 

\ 

\ 

^ 

\ 

^ 

\ 

1 

^ 

"^ 

\ 

^. 

/ 

^ 

N 

s^ 

// 

^ 

^ 

'^s 

^ 

jif 

IOC 

\ 

\^ 

^ 

n/i 

\ 

^ 

^ 

v^ 

■111' 

^ 

^ 

^ 

^ 

\ 

1/ 

■II' 

LJC, 

"*«, 

A 

f 

ViiV«<;] 

4 

.... 

INCHES    f/rOM    OUTSIDE 

FIG.  3— DISTRIBUTION  OF  HOT- WATER-SOLUBLE 
EXTRACTIVE  IN  A  VIRGIN  REDWOOD  TREE 
THROUGHOUT  CROSS  SECTIONS  TAKEN  FROM 
SIX  HEIGHTS.  CHART  PREPARED  BY  SHERRARD 
AND  KURTH  OF  FOREST  PRODUCTS  LABORA- 
TORY. FOREST  SERVICE,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRI- 
CULTURE. MADISON,  WISCONSIN. 

Stances  completely  destroyed  as  were  some 
of  the  6"xl8"  Douglas  fir  supporting  tim- 
bers. (See Fig. 2  ) .  On  the  other  hand,  some 
of  the  redwood  deck  planks  are  as  sound 
as  the  day  they  were  installed.  This  wide 
variation  in  the  decay  resisting  qualities  of 
heart  common  redwood  presented  an  inter- 
esting study. 

The  Termite  Investigations  Committee 
found  that  certain  pieces  of  heart  redwood 
had  resisted  decay  and  termite  attack  for 
considerable  periods  of  time  and  other 
pieces  of  heart  redwood  had  a  compara- 
tively short  service  life.  Under  laboratory 
conditions  there  was  a  wide  variation  of  re- 
sistance of  redwood  to  termite  attack.  Com- 
menting upon  these  tests  Professor  Charles 
A.  Kofoid*  says:  "Our  tests  show  that  the 
capacity  of  wood  to  resist  termite  attack 
was  in  general  the  greatest  in  those  blocks 
having  a  high  percentage  of  extractive,  and 
lowest  in  those  blocks  containing  the  low 
percentages." 

Conclusions  of  Professor  Kofoid 
Professor  Kofoid  concludes  from  these 
tests  that: 


*Report    of    the    Tfrniil 
University  of  California 


( 1  )  "Redwood  containing  hot-water  ex- 
tractive in  amounts  above  about  12  per  cent 
by  dry  weight  of  the  wood,  is  toxic  to  the 
Protozoa  in  60  days  or  less. 

( 2  )  "Redwood  containing  hot-water  ex- 
tractive in  amounts  below  about  12  per  cent 
is  not  lethal  to  the  Protozoa  in  60  days. 

(3)  "The  differences  in  the  amounts  of 
the  extractive,  or  of  some  definite  chemical 
substance  or  substances  of  the  wood  and 
in  the  extractive,  may  account  for  the  re- 
sistivity of  redwood  to  termite  attack  when 
the  extractive  is  abundant,  and  for  the  fail- 
ure to  resist  w^hen  it  is  not  abundant.  The 
line  of  separation  between  these  two  condi- 
tions probably  lies  near  12  per  cent.  Pre- 
sumably, wood  containing  not  less  than  12 
per  cent  of  extractive,  is  adequately  termite 
resistant  when  and  so  long  as  it  contains 
this  amount  of  the  hot-water-soluble  ex- 
tractive." 

The  Abbott  A.  Hanks  Laboratory,  San 
Francisco,  obtained  samples  from  represen- 
tative redwood  planks  in  the  Islais  Creek 
drain  and  determined  the  per  cent  of  hot- 
water  soluble  extractive  present  in  the 
wood.  In  obtaining  these  samples  the  lab- 
oratory reports:  "Samples  were  taken  from 
eight  different  zones  between  Oakdale  Ave- 
nue and  the  outlet.  Each  sample  consisted 
of  three  or  more  borings  at  separate  points 
in  a  single  board  or  section  of  a  single 
board. 

"The  samples  were  selected  by  visual  ex- 
amination with  the  object  of  securing  tests 
from  boards  of  different  physical  condi- 
tions. By  this  method  of  selection  seven- 
teen samples  were  taken  from  fifteen 
boards,  representing  sound  boards,  de- 
cayed boards,  medium  or  questionable 
boards,  and  boards  affected  at  one  end  and 
apparently  unaffected  at  the  other  end. 
These  samples  represent  a  cross  section  of 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      •^     42     ^      SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


•PilTf' 


Specimen  G. 
Specimen  K  Tested  15.62  Per  Cent 

Tested  17.91  Per  Cent  Hot-Water-Soluble  Extractive 

Hot.Water-s,^ubleExtract.e  CONTAINING  15.62  PER  CENT  AND  17.91  PER  CENT 

OF  HOT  W^TCR  ISLuIlI  gxTRACTIVE  SUCCESSFULLY  RESISTED 
ATTACK  BY  FUNGI 


'% 


n 


:vl,. 


mm 


Spe 


Tested  l,V4ti  Pi 
Hut-Water-Soluble 


lO. 


.,„ ,,,  .  .r  Cent 

.JSted  11.47  Per  Cent  Hot-Water-Soluble  Extractive 

Hot-Water-soluble  E_xtract.e  CONTAINING  11.47  PER  CENT  AND  13.46  PER  CENT 

OF   HOT-wItcrImlI  EXTRACTIVE   HAVE   RETARDED   THE 
DESTRUCTIVE  ATTACK  BY  FUNGI 


^'^*''^"^'«>*«^|^*«J*^         f^T(  vs  lt^ 


--^«f*>-,^^ 


»l 


Specimen  N. 

Tested  10.53  Per  Cent 

Hot-Water-Soluble  Extractive 

FIG.  6— SPECIMEN  CONTAINING  LESS  THAN  ABOUT  IP  .   PER  CENT  OF  HOT- 
WATER-SOLUBLE  EXTRACTIVE  DO  NOT  RESIST  ATTACK  BY  FUNGI 


Specimen  D.  Specmien  Q. 

Tested  9.46  Per  Cent  Tested  10.26  Per  Cent 

Hot-Water-Soluble  Extractive  Hot-Water-Soluble  Extractive 

FIG.   7— REDWOOD  CONTAINING  LOW   PERCENTAGES   OF   HOT-WATER-SOL- 
UBLE EXTRACTIVE,  THE  NATURAL  PRESERVATIVE,  IS  MORE  READILY 
DESTROYED  BY  FUNGI 


the  present  quality  of  the  wood  as  judged 
by  visual  appearance."  The  results  of  the 
analysis  are  given  in  Table  1 . 

Durability  of  Redwood  Values 
Sherrard  and  Kurth  of  the  Forest 
Products  Laboratory  in  their  studies  on 
virgin  redwood  conclude:  "It  appears, 
therefore,  that  the  durability  of  redwood 
will  vary  with  the  extractive  distribution; 
the  most  durable  redwood  should  be  the 
heartwood  of  the  butt  log  nearest  the  sap- 
wood,  the  susceptibility  to  decay  increas- 
ing toward  the  pith  of  the  tree  and  toward 
the  top  *  *  *.  The  durability  of  redwood  is 
attributed  to  the  nature  of  the  extractive 
and  varies  with  extractive  distribution." 

The  number  of  annular  rings  per  inch 
does  not  appear  to  be  an  important  factor 
in  determining  the  durability  in  this  in- 
stance. Sample  N — see  Fig.  6 — had  51  an- 
nular rings  per  inch  but  was  low  in  extrac- 
tive content  (10.53  per  cent),  and  is 
classed  as  non-decay-resistant,  while  Sam- 
ple G — see  Fig.  4 — had  50  annular  rings 
per  inch,  was  higher  in  extractive  content 
(15.62  per  cent),  and  is  classed  as  decay- 
resistant.  All  this  redwood  was  certified  by 
an  inspector  of  the  California  Redwood 
Association  as  "heart  common  redwood." 

Table  1  leads  to  the  following  conclu- 
sions : 

(a)  Redwood  containing  hot-water  ex- 
tractive in  amounts  above  about  15  per  cent 
by  dry  weight  of  the  wood  is  decay  resist- 
ant.   See  Fig.  4. 

(b)  Redwood  containing  hot-water  ex- 
tractive in  amounts  above  about  1 1  ^S  per 
cent  and  under  15  per  cent  by  dry  weight 
of  the  wood  is  decay  retardent.   See  Fig.  5. 

(c)  Redwood  containing  hot-water  ex- 
tractive in  amounts  below  about  1 1  per  cent 
by  dry  weight  of  the  wood  is  not  resistant 
to  decay.   See  Figs.  6  and  7. 

The  above  classification  based  upon  data 


in  Table  1  is  subject  to  some  overlapping. 
The  work  of  Sherrard  and  Kurth  in  show- 
ing the  distribution  of  the  hot-water-soluble 
extractive  in  virgin  growth  redwood  trees 
is  an  important  aid  to  the  architect  or  en- 
gineer in  preparing  a  specification  to  insure 
that  decay  resisting  materials  are  supplied 
when  specified.  The  distribution  of  extrac- 
tive in  virgin-growth  redwood  as  prepared 
by  Sherrard  and  Kurth  is  represented 
graphically  in  Fig.  3.  This  graph  presents 
the  amounts  of  hot-water  extractive 
throughout  cross  sections  taken  from  six 
heights  in  a  tree,  the  first  cut  being  312  feet 
above  the  ground.  The  amount  of  extrac- 
tive in  sapwood  as  shown  by  the  points  at 
the  extreme  left  is  much  smaller  than  in  the 
heartwood  immediately  adjacent. 

Data  for  Engineers  Now  Available 

The  durability  of  heart  common  redwood 
contains  a  variable  factor  in  the  absence  of 
a  definite  specification  establishing  mini- 
mum percentages  of  the  natural  preserva- 
tive. The  hot-water-soluble  extractive  in 
redwood  has  been  found  to  range  from  5.45 
to  28.23  per  cent  of  the  dry  weight  of  the 
wood.  Had  pressure  treated  Douglas  fir 
roof  beams  and  girders  been  used  and  red- 
wood planks  containing  not  less  than  15 
per  cent  of  extractive  been  specified,  the 
failure  would  not  have  occurred. 

In  the  past,  engineers  have  not  had  data 
available  with  which  to  prepare  a  specifica- 
tion for  the  purchase  of  durable  wood. 
There  are  many  examples  of  redwood  hav- 
ing given  long  service  under  adverse  condi- 
tions, as  well  as  instances  of  its  failure.  The 
destructive  activities  of  termites  have  led  to 
a  searching  inquiry  into  the  decay  and  ter- 
mite resisting  qualities  of  many  of  the  com- 
mercially available  woods,  with  the  result 
that  information  is  now  at  hand  for  use  in 
the  preparation  of  specifications  which  will 
insure  that  durable  woods  are  supplied. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      •^      45     ^      SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


THE  SPANISH  FEELING  PREDOMINATES  IN  THE  FOX- 
ARLINGTON  THEATER.  SANTA  BARBARA 
WILLIAM  A.  EDWARDS,  ARCHITECT 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      ■^      46     ^       SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Mortar  Parts 

As  Related  to  Strensth 
of  Brickwork 
by       L.       A.       Palmer 


% 


HE  weakest  points  in 
a  wall  of  brick  masonry  are  usually  at  the 
planes  where  bricks  and  mortars  meet. 
There  are  two  major  causes  of  this  condi- 
tion. One  is  the  difficulty  of  getting  inti- 
mate contact  between  bricks  and  mortar. 
The  other  is  lack  of  permanency  of  adhesion 
of  mortar  to  bricks.  The  first  difficulty  is 
caused  by  the  mortar's  deficiency  in  water 
retaining  capacity  and  the  second  by  differ- 
ential volume  changes  in  the  masonry  due  to 
cyclic  expansion  (on  wetting)  and  shrink- 
age (on  drying)  of  the  hardened  mortar. 
The  properties,  low  water  retaining  capac- 
ity and  high  volume  changes  subsequent  to 
hardening,  are  usually  associated  among 
mortars  of  high  strength  and  outstanding 
hydraulic  ingredients. 

These  weaknesses  become  apparent  from 
flexural  tests  of  brick  beams  and  tension 
tests  of  bond  (adhesion)  between  mortars 
and  bricks.  Compression  tests  of  brick 
piers  usually  do  not  reveal  such  structural 
defects. 

There  is  nothing  to  be  gained  by  specify- 
ing a  minimum  tensile  strength  of  mortar  if 
it  does  not  have  properties  that  assure  good 
distribution  or  extent  of  adhesion,  a  condi- 
tion that  is  more  dependent  on  the  mortar 


having  high  water  retaining  capacity  and 
low  volume  changes  subsequent  to  harden- 
ing than  on  mortar  strength  alone.  How- 
ever, the  importance  of  masonry  strength 
must  not  be  overlooked  and  in  so  far  as 
mortar  strength  contributes  to  the  strength 
of  masonry,  it  is  a  very  necessary  property. 
The  interdependency  of  the  two  things, 
mortar  strength  and  masonry  strength,  is 
poorly  understood  since  the  results  of  tests, 
wherein  the  condition  for  getting  good 
bond  distribution  are  intentionally  made 
most  favorable,  do  not  usually  have  any 
practical  bearing  on  the  subject. 

Consider  for  example  some  laboratory 
data  obtained  with  bricks  and  mortars  of 
the  kind  that  were  incorporated  in  build- 
ings that  were  damaged  in  the  earthquake 
in  Southern  California,  March  10,  1933. 
These  data  were  obtained  at  the  University 
of  California  and  notes  in  the  tables  (eas- 
ily overlooked)  state  that  "masonry  speci- 
mens were  laid  wet,  sprinkled  twice  daily 
for  14  days,  then  stored  dry  until  test.  "  It 
would  be  most  enlightening  to  compare 
these  data  with  other  results,  which  should 
also  have  been  obtained  by  setting  the 
bricks  dry,  a  procedure  that  is  commonly 

Editor's  Note — Mr.  Palmer,  the  author,  is  identified  with  the  construction 
department  of  the  National  Lime  Association.  He  was  formerly  research 
associate  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Standards  and  is  a  recognized  authority 
on   the  subject   under  discussion. 


^    47    ► 


followed  in  the  field.  Moreover  Weather 
Bureau  reports  do  not  indicate  that  brick- 
work in  Southern  California  is  wetted  twice 
daily.  Wetting  porous  bricks  in  the  labo- 
ratory to  reduce  their  suction  when  laying 
them  with  portland  cement  mortar  is  a  pro- 
cedure that  has  been  used  again  and  again. 
A  departure  from  this  beaten  path  leads  to 
results  which  really  throw  some  light  on 
the  behavior  of  brick  masonry  during  an 
earthquake.  Such  a  departure  has  been 
made  in  at  least  one  laboratory  and  an  ac- 
count of  the  results  may  be  found  in  Na- 
tional Bureau  of  Standards  Research  Paper 
No.  683,  "The  Properties  of  Mortars  and 
Bricks  and  Their  Relation  to  Bond." 

Have  High  Range  of  Absorption 

The  tabulated  data  reported  by  Pro- 
fessor R.  E.  Davis*  of  the  University  of 
California  indicate  that  the  bricks  produced 
and  used  in  Southern  California  have  rates 
of  absorption  that  range  from  high  to  very 
high  as  compared  to  most  bricks.  This  is 
in  good  agreement  with  data  reported  by 
McBurney  and  Lovewell  in  A.S.T.M.  Pro- 
ceedings, Vol.  33,  193,  Part  II,  page  636. 

In  an  article,  entitled  "Water-tight  Brick 
Masonry,"  by  Dr.  F.  O.  Anderegg,  which 
was  published  in  the  September  1931  issue 
of  the  Architectural  Record,  there  are  cer- 
tain statements  which  are  in  very  good 
agreement  with  the  results  obtained  at  the 
National  Bureau  of  Standards.  These  are 
the  following :  "The  rate  at  which  moisture 
is  removed  from  the  mortar  by  the  brick  has 
a  marked  influence  on  the  bond  strength 
and  water-tightness  of  the  wall.  Examina- 
tion of  the  joints  in  the  experimental  panels 
and  brick  beams,  and  in  numerous  buildings 
where  trouble  has  occurred,  has  revealed 
generally  the  existence  of  numerous  depres- 
sions in  the  surface  of  the  mortar  next  the 
brick,  through  ivhich  moisture  readily  pene- 

*Report  addressed  to   members  of  A.S.T.M.   Committee   C-12    on   masonry 
mortar.  May  31,   1933 


trates    and    which    also    reduce    the    bond 
strength." 

"The  greater  the  amount  of  portland  ce- 
ment, the  greater  the  compressive  strength, 
values  ranging  from  200  pounds  per  square 
inch  for  pure  lime  mortars  to  nearly  5000 
pounds  for  straight  cement  mortar.  The 
flexural  or  bond  strength,  however,  does 
^ot  increase  nearly  so  fast,  the  modulus  of 
lupture  ranging  from  about  15  to  100  lbs. 
per  square  inch.  However,  the  high  cement 
mortars  are  brittle,  being  readily  detached 
from  the  brick  by  impact.  High  lime  mortars 
on  the  other  hand,  are  much  more  flexible 
and  seem  to  undergo  a  tearing  action  under 
load,  indicating  some  ability  to  adjust  them- 
selves to  stresses. 

In  Table  III  of  this  publication  by  F.  O. 
Anderegg,  it  is  noted  that  for  bricks  of  high 
rates  of  absorption,  (above  10''  during  10 
minutes)  he  recommends  a  mortar  mixture 
of  2  volumes  of  lime  putty  or  hydrate  to  1 
volume  of  portland  cement  to  9  volumes  of 
sand  for  summer  construction.  Where  re- 
sistance to  lateral  stresses,  such  as  earth- 
quake shock,  is  of  prime  importance  the 
relative  proportion  of  sand  can  and  should 
be  reduced  to  7  or  8  volumes,  keeping  the 
lime-cement  ratio  of  2  to  1  by  volume. 

Over-sanded  Mortars 

It  is  noted  in  Table  I  of  the  report  by 
Professor  Davis  that  practically  all  of  the 
mortars  which  he  took  from  damaged  build- 
ings, in  the  earthquake  area  were  over 
sanded.  The  plastic  and  adhesive  proper- 
ties of  mortar  containing  lime  are  lost  if  too 
much  sand  is  used.  Clean  sand  of  medium 
or  coarse  grading  does  not  retain  water  on 
a  porous  base  and  the  greater  the  propor- 
tion of  such  sand,  the  less  the  water  retain- 
ing capacity  of  the  mortar.  The  suction  of 
dry  porous  bricks  on  a  hot  day  is  well 
known  to  most  masons  and  the  difficulties 
in  using  a  mortar  deficient  in  water  retain- 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    48   ► 


SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


ing  capacity,  characteristic  of  dense  port- 
land  cement  mortars  are  practically  insur- 
mountable under  these  conditions. 

Figure  1  is  a  typical  illustration  of  a 
"mortar  pancake"  taken  from  between  two 
bricks  of  about  12  per  cent  total  absorp- 
tion. The  bricks  were  laid  dry  with  1  port- 
land  cement:  3  sand  mortar  of  normal  con- 
sistency. 

Figure  2  illustrates  typical  results  ob- 
tained with  this  same  mortar  and  type  of 
brick  when  the  bricks  were  50  per  cent  sat- 
urated (absorption  about  6  per  cent)  when 
laid.    Note  the  unbonded  areas. 

Figure  3  probably  depicts  the  optimum 
results  obtainable  by  wetting  porous  bricks 
when  laying  them  with  dense  portland 
cement  mortar.  In  this  case  the  bricks  were 
so  wetted  (15  minutes  total  immersion) 
that  their  suction  was  practically  negligible. 
The  cement  mortar,  of  normal  flow  or  con- 
sistency, tended  to  segregate  when  spread 
on  the  wet  surface  (characteristic  of  mor- 
tars of  low  water  retaining  capacity). 
Water  pockets  formed  on  the  surface  of  the 
mortar  bed  as  indicated  by  the  depressions 
in  the  mortar  joint  and  the  unbonded  areas 
on  the  flat-side  surface  of  the  brick  placed 


Figure  2 — Same  bricks  and  mortar  as  illustrated  in  Figure  1. 
In  this  case,  bricks  were  50  per  cent  saturated  when  laid. 
Note  underbonded  areas  on  brick  surface. 

atop  the  joint.  With  conditions  as  typified 
by  Fig.  3,  the  tensile  strength  may  be  fairly 
good  initially,  but  it  does  not  remain  so. 
Volume  changes  in  hardened  cement  mortar 
destroy  the  bond  if  it  is  initially  poor  in  ex- 


Figure  I  —  Poor  bond  distribution  obtained  with  unadapt- 
able mortar  Dry  porous  bricks  laid  with  portland  cement 
mortar   deficient   in   water   retaining   capacity. 


Figure  3 — Same  bricks,  same  mortar  as  illustrated  in  Fig- 
ures 1  and  2.  In  this  case,  the  bricks  were  almost  com- 
pletely saturated  (too  wet)  when  laid.  Figures  1.  2  and  3 
illustrate  the  fact  that  given  a  poorly  adaptable  mortar 
wetting  bricks  does  not  solve  the  problem  of  getting  good 
extent  of  bond. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      -^      49 '  ►       SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


tent.  In  this  case,  the  bricks  separated  be- 
fore a  test  was  made  due  to  volume  changes 
in  the  hardened  mortar. 

Erratic  Results  from  Wetting 

In  wetting  bricks  on  the  job,  the  results 
as  shown  by  the  illustrations,  are  erratic 
and  of  varying  degree.  It  is  far  better  to 
use  a  mortar  of  such  high  water  retaining 
capacity  (increasing  the  proportion  of  lime 
and  avoiding  oversanding)  that  it  is  un- 
necessary to  ever  wet  any  bricks.  With 
this  procedure,  the  slow  withdrawal  of  the 
moisture  from  the  mortar,  in  intimate  con- 
tact at  all  points  with  the  brick,  greatly  in- 
creases both  the  tensile  mortar  and  the  ten- 
sile bond  strength.  Under  these  conditions 
good  extent  of  bond  is  promoted  and  un- 
bonded areas  of  the  brick  surfaces  in  con- 
tact with  mortar  cannot  be  found  when  the 
assemblages  are  tested  in  tension  or  flex- 
ure. 

The  following  are  excerpts  from  an  arti- 
cle published  in  Rock  Products,  issue  of 
December  5,  1931.  by  F.  O.  Anderegg, 
"Analysis  of  Properties  Desired  in  Mason- 
ry Cements." 

"The  most  important  strength  character- 
istic of  masonry  walls  is  the  bond  between 
the  unit  and  the  mortar.  The  lime  usually 
has  a  greater  bond  than  mortar  strength, 
while  the  straight  cement  mortar  behaves 
in  just  the  opposite  way,  unless  extraordi- 
nary pains  are  taken  in  laying." 

Following  the  investigation  of  the  mater- 
ials of  buildings  damaged  in  the  Southern 
California  earthquake,  certain  suggested 
requirements  were  presented  to  members  of 
Committee  C-12  on  Mortars  for  Unit  Ma- 
sonry of  the  American  Society  for  Testing 
Materials.  It  was  proposed  that  masonry 
cement  mortar  briquettes  have  a  tensile 
strength  of  not  less  than  250  lbs.  per  square 
inch  at  28  days  and  a  compressive  strength 
of  not  less  than  1500  lbs.  per  square  inch 


at  the  same  age.  It  was  further  proposed 
that  the  tensile  bond  strength  of  the  ma- 
sonry be  not  less  than  40  lbs.  per  square 
inch  at  28  days. 

In  these  suggested  requirements  it  was 
no  doubt  assumed  that  high  mortar  strength 
is  a  guarantee  of  high  masonry  strength,  no 
mortar  property  other  than  strength  being 
mentioned.  It  was  further  assumed  that  the 
strength  of  damp  cured  mortar  test  speci- 
mens is  a  direct  index  to  that  of  the  same 
mortars  between  bricks  in  a  warm,  dry  cli- 
mate. 

Strength  of  Mortar 

An  analysis  of  the  data,  supplementary 
to  National  Bureau  of  Standards  Research 
Paper  No.  683  (obtained  upon  applica- 
tion to  Bureau  of  Standards,  Washington, 
D.  C.)  warrants  the  following  statements: 

1.  Mortar  specimens  (1:3  by  volume), 
of  normal  consistency,  made  with  the  12 
masonry  cements  included  in  the  Bureau  of 
Standards  investigation  gave  the  following 
results,  in  pounds  per  square  inch,  at  3 
months: 

Maximum  Minimum 
Transverse  strength       313  109 

Compressive  strength     640  100 

Tensile  bond  strength      45.6  0.1 

These  12  masonry  cements  included  2  mod- 
ified Portland  cements,  5  modified  natural 
cements,  1  hydraulic  lime,  1  mixture  of  slag 
and  Portland  cement,  1  mixture  of  slag  and 
hydrated  lime,  1  mixture  of  hydrated  lime 
and  Portland  cement  and  1  natural  cement. 

2.  Not  one  of  these  12  representative 
masonry  cements  would  meet  the  suggested 
requirements  for  tensile  and  compressive 
strengths. 

3.  The  bond  strength,  both  in  tension 
and  in  flexure,  was  weaker  on  the  average, 
with  the  strongest  masonry  cement  mortars 
used  in  assemblage  tests  than  the  bond  and 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    50   ► 


SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


flexure  strengths  obtained  with  some  of  the 
weaker  masonry  cement  mortars. 

4.  Adhesive  strengths  considerably  ex- 
ceeding 40  lbs.  per  square  inch  were  ob- 
tained in  many  instances  at  3  months  with 
mortars  that  had  less  than  400  lbs.  per 
square  inch  compressive  strength  at  3 
months. 

5.  The  compressive  and  transverse 
strengths  of  only  two  of  the  12  masonry 
cement  mortars  were  comparable  to  those 
of  the  1:1:6  lime-portland  cement  mortar 
mixtures.  The  average  strengths  of  the  2 
lime:  1  portland  cement:  9  sand  mortars, 
were  equal  to  or  greater  than  that  of  6  of 
the  12  masonry  cements. 

6.  With  porous  bricks  set  dry,  the  low- 
est values  for  strength  of  bond  in  tension 
were  obtained  with  1  portland  cement: 3 
sand  plus  0.15  lime  and  with  1  portland 
cement: 3  sand  mortars.  This  statement  ap- 
plies to  soft-mud,  sand  struck,  dry-press 
and  stiff-mud,  side-cut  bricks  all  exceeding 
more  or  less  what  is  considered  as  a  mod- 
erate rate  of  absorption  (40  grams  of  water 
absorbed  in  1  minute  through  30  square 
inches  of  the  surface  of  the  bone  dry 
bricks ) . 

7.  With  all  porous  bricks  set  wet.  the 
strength  of  brick  beams  in  flexure  at  3 
months  was  greater  on  the  average  with 
1:1:6  lime-portland  cement  mortar  mixtures 
than  with  1  portland  cement: 3  sand  mortar 
or  with  1  portland  cement: 3  sand  mortar 
plus  0.15  lime  (Table  13,  National  Bureau 
of  Standards  Research  Paper  No.  683). 

8.  The  compressive  and  transverse 
strengths  at  3  months  of  the  1:1:6  mortars 
were,  however,  only  about  1/3  of  the  cor- 
responding values  obtained  with  the  port- 
land  cement  mortar.  This  indicates  the  im- 
portance of  properties  other  than  mortar 
strength  as  affecting  the  strength  of  ma- 
sonry. 

9.  The  strength  of  bond  in  tension  with 
2   lime:l    portland   cement: 9    sand   mortar 


and  with  mortars  richer  than  this  in  lime, 
was  greater  with  the  3  types  of  porous 
bricks  set  dry  than  with  the  same  bricks  set 
wet.  Furthermore,  the  extent  of  bond  was 
ideal  in  all  cases  and  under  all  conditions 
with  mortars  richer  in  lime  than  the  1:1:6 
mix,  thus  showing  that  if  the  mortar  is  suffi- 
ciently retentive  of  water,  it  is  unnecessary 
to  wet  even  the  most  rapidly  absorbing 
bricks. 

10.  The  strength  of  bond  in  tension  with 
the  two  most  porous  bricks  (Nos.  1  and  6 
in  the  compendium  of  data)  set  dry  was 
greater  with  the  2  lime:  1  portland  cement: 9 
sand  mortar  mixture  than  with  portland 
cement  mortar  either  with  or  without  the 
addition  of  15  per  cent  (by  volume  of  the 
cement)  of  hydrated  lime. 

1 1 .  The  flexural  strength  of  brick  beams 
at  3  months,  made  with  the  2  lime:l  port- 
land  cement: 9  sand  mortar  was  approxi- 
mately the  same  as  that  of  the  beams  made 
with  Portland  cement  mortar  when  very  im- 
pervious bricks  (Nos.  3  and  5  of  the  com- 
pendium of  data)  were  used. 

Observations  Substantiated 
It  is  interesting  to  note  the  agreement  of 
these  observations  with  those  of  others.  For 
instance,  in  Table  II  of  Anderegg's  publi- 
cation in  the  Architectural  Record,  the 
modulus  of  rupture  of  brick  beams  made 
with  porous  bricks  ("dipped  in  water") 
and  2  lime:l  portland  cement: 9  sand  (by 
volume)  mortar  is  given  as  25  lbs.  per 
square  inch  and  that  of  beams  with  the 
same  bricks  and  1  lime: 2  portland  cement: 
6  sand  is  given  as  15  lbs.  per  square  inch. 
Moreover,  the  average  modulus  of  rupture 
obtained  with  5  makes  of  bricks  (included 
both  low  and  high  absorption)  of  the  1 
lime: 2  portland  cement: 6  sand  is  given  in 
this  table  as  51  lbs.  per  square  inch.  The 
corresponding  average  for  the  2  lime:l 
Portland  cement: 9  sand  mortar  is  37  lbs. 
per  square  inch.  Excluding  the  data  as 
obtained  with  furrowed   joints    (not  to  be 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    51    ► 


SEPTEMBER,  MNFTFEN  THIRTV-FOUR 


recommended)  the  averages  for  the  two 
mortars  of  Anderegg's  table  II  are  45  and 
36 v.  lbs.  per  square  inch  for  the  1  lime: 2 
Portland  cement: 6  sand  and  2  lime:l  port- 
land  cement: 9  sand  mortars,  respectively. 
The  corresponding  standard  deviations  (all 
bricks,  both  furrowed  and  full  joints)  for 
these  two  mortars  are,  according  to  com- 
putations of  Anderegg's  data,  20.5  and  7.3, 
indicating  a  greater  degree  of  adaptability 
(less  variability)  with  the  mortar  richer  in 
lime  which  accounts  for  its  better  reproduc- 
tibility  of  results  when  the  two  mortars 
were  used  with  a  diversity  of  bricks. 

Again,  some  interesting  results  are  given 
on  page  67  of  the  publication,  "Impervious 
Brick  Masonry,"  by  the  Alton  Brick  Com- 
pany, St.  Louis,  Missouri,  (1933).  With  a 
brick  of  low  to  moderate  absorption,  the 
modulus  of  rupture  of  assemblages  with  1 
Portland  cement: 3  sand  mortar  was  found 
to  be  41.9  lbs.  per  sq.  in.,  as  compared  to  a 
corresponding  value  of  79.7  lbs.  per  sq.  in. 
with  the  widely  used  1:1:6  mortar  mixture. 

In  "A  Treatise  on  Masonry  Construc- 
tion," by  Ira  O.  Baker,  page  93,  it  is  indi- 
cated that  the  ratio  of  tensile  to  adhesive 
strength  of  portland  cement  mortar  varies 
from  5.1  to  9.1.  This  means  a  bonding 
efficiency  of  from  11  to  20  per  cent.  The 
average  bonding  efficiency  of  the  portland 
cement  mortar  in  the  National  Bureau  of 
Standards  tests  was  about  12  per  cent, 
whereas  that  of  the  2  lime:l  portland  ce- 
ment: 9  sand  mortar  mixtures  averaged  26 
per  cent,  with  a  maximum  of  48  per  cent 
with  one  type  of  brick.  The  corresponding 
maximum  bonding  efficiency  for  portland 
cement  mortar  was  17.2  per  cent,  bonding 
efficiency  being  computed  by  dividing  the 
tensile  bond  strength  by  the  transverse 
mortar  strength  and  expressing  the  result 
as  per  cent. 

The  minimum  tensile  bond  strength  for 
Southern  California  has  been  suggested  as 
40   lbs.   per   square  inch.    The   suggested 


minimum  tensile  strength  of  mortar  is  250 
lbs.  per  sq.  in.  (both  values  at  28  days). 
With  an  average  bonding  efficiency  of  12 
per  cent  as  obtained  with  portland  cement 
mortar  and  a  diversity  of  building  bricks, 
set  both  wet  and  dry,  the  average  bond 
strength  would  be  W  lbs.  below  the  mini- 
mum requirement  if  the  tensile  strength  of 
portland  cement  mortar  is  250  lbs.  per 
square  inch.  This  is  considering  average 
values.  With  porous  bricks,  the  tensile 
bond  strength  with  portland  cement  mor- 
tar is  practically  certain  to  be  even  less  be- 
cause the  distribution  of  bond  is  bound  to 
be  poor  with  this  mortar  in  actual  buildings 
whether  the  bricks  are  or  are  not  wetted. 

Variability  of  Bond  Strength 
After  all,  the  important  consideration  in 
brick  construction  in  any  earthquake  dis- 
trict is  not  what  tensile  bond  strength  can 
be  developed  under  ideal  conditions  in  the 
laboratory  by  wetting  bricks,  carefully  fill- 
ing all  joints  and  wetting  test  specimens 
daily  to  increase  the  hydration  of  cement 
with  a  consequent  rapid  increase  in  its 
strength.  The  thing  about  which  we  are 
all  very  much  concerned  is  the  degree  of 
variability  of  bond  strength  that  normally 
exists  when  different  bricks  are  laid  in  walls 
by  different  workmen.  To  secure  the  neces- 
sary element  of  safety  under  these  condi- 
tions, a  mortar  of  considerable  adaptability 
to  different  types  of  units  is  absolutely 
essential.  From  the  standpoint  of  flexural 
strength  of  brick  masonry,  mortar  adapta- 
bility is  fully  as  necessary  as  mortar 
strength.  The  two  properties  must  be  com- 
bined or  associated  in  whatever  mortars  are 
used. 

Mortar  adaptability  improves  the  extent 
or  distribution  of  adhesion  and  mortar 
strength  improves  within  limits,  the  intens- 
ity of  adhesion.  Adaptability  is  almost 
completely  sacrificed  when  mortar  strength 
alone  is  sought. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    52    ► 


SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


N 


o  I  s  e 


by    W.    O.    Osbon 


NGINEERING  history  was  recently  made 
as  a  result  of  diagnosing  the  noise  of  an 


airplane  in  Bight,  speeding  trains,  street  cars  and 
buses.  The  actual  tests  were  made  in  a  high 
speed  airliner  of  the  General  Aviation  Manufac- 
turing Corporation,  Pullmans  and  coaches  of 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  trains,  street  cars  of  the 
Pittsburgh  Railways  Company,  and  in  buses  of 
the  Pittsburgh  Motor  Coach  Company,  by  means 
of  an  ingenious  portable  noise  analyzer  developed 
in  Westinghouse  Research  Laboratories. 

Although  airliners,  railroad  coaches  and  Pull- 
mans have  often  been  tested  for  loudness  or  total 
noise,  never  before  have  these  noises  been  ana- 
lyzed to  find  out  what  percentage  of  the  noise  is 
in  the  low  frequency  band,  how  much  is  in  the 
high  frequency  band,  at  what  frequencies  peaks 
of  noise  occur  and  other  important  information 
that  will  enable  engineers  to  eliminate  causes  of 
the  noise  at  their  source. 

In  making  the  tests,  total  noise  readings  and 
analysis  reading  were  taken  for  various  rates  of 
speed  and  for  various  conditions,  such  as  rough 
air  and  smooth  air  in  the  case  of  the  plane;  ter- 
minal track,  open  country  track  and  tunnels  in 
the  train  tests;  paved  street  city  track  and  open 
country  track  for  the  street  car;  and  suburban 
boulevard  and  downtown  city  traffic  for  the  bus. 

The  total  loudness  readings  checked  the  find- 
ings of  other  investigators  who  have  studied  noise 


from  that  standpoint.  Stated  in  decibels,  the  stan- 
dard unit  of  sound,  results  were: 

Speed    Loudness  in  Decibels 


Min. 
68 
74 
75 

n 

78 
81 
85 


Max. 
74 


79 
80 
81 
84 
83 


Media  Mph. 

Railroad  Pullman  .  .  .45 
DeLuxe  Transcontinental  Bus  .  40 
Railroad  Coach  .  .  .  .35 

Transport  Airliner*     .  .  .190 

City  Bus 30 

Street  car*   special   gears    .  .     35 

Street  car**  Conventional  type.     35 

*    Unfinished  plane,  sound  insulation  incomplete 

**  Experimental  car,  helical  cut  gears 

That  the  total  loudness  readings  do  not  tell  the 
whole  story  is  evident  when  they  are  compared 
with  the  results  of  the  analysis.  The  accompany- 
ing chart  gives  a  graphic  picture  of  the  noise  ana- 
lyses of  four  vehicles:  (1)  a  conventional  low 
floor  type  of  Pittsburgh  Railways  Company  street 
car,  (2)  a  Fageol  Twin  Coach  of  the  Pittsburgh 
Motor  Coach  Company,  (3)  a  GA-43  airhner  of 
the  General  Aviation  Manufacturing  Corporation, 
and  (4)  a  Pullman  parlor  on  a  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road train. 

Low  Frequencies  More  Intense 
The  chart  shows  that  in  each  of  the  four  ve- 
hicles, the  low  frequency  sources  of  noise  are 
much  more  intense  than  the  high  frequency 
sources.  In  the  cases  of  the  air-liner  and  the 
Pullman  the  high  frequency  noises  dropped  below 
25  decibels  which  is  equivalent  to  the  noise  of  a 
cat  purring. 


^    53    ► 


Decibels 
(Sound  Level  or  Noise  Volume) 


c^ 

^ 

5" 

J^ 

^ 

S":^ 

■^  ^• 

_      O) 

^  > 

>) 

O 

K  ^ 

8 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      •^      54     ^      SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


In  the  cases  of  the  street  car  and  bus.  the  in- 
tensity curves,  although  higher  in  value,  follow 
a  pattern  similar  to  those  of  the  airliner  and  Pull- 
man with  a  downward  slope  through  the  low  and 
medium  frequencies,  but  where  the  curves  for  the 
latter  two  continue  to  decline  in  the  high  frequency 
band,  the  street  car  and  bus  curves  flatten  out. 
Osbon  attributes  this  fact  to  the  presence  of  high 
frequency  gear  noises  in  the  street  car  to  window 
rattle  and  similar  impact  noises  in  the  bus. 

The  numerous  sharp  peaks  which  occur  in  each 
of  the  curves  indicate  sources  of  loud  noise  at  fre- 
quencies corresponding  to  the  peaks.  By  tracing 
the  causes  of  such  noise  sources  and  eliminating  as 
much  as  possible  the  causes,  engineers  may  be 
able  to  quiet  the  total  noise. 

The  noise  analyzer  consists  of  three  small 
leather  covered  cases.  One  case  contains  a  noise 
motor,  the  second,  the  noise  analyzer,  and  the 
third,  a  microphone  and  batteries. 

The  noise  analyzer  is  not  nearly  as  well  known 
as  the  noise  motor  which  measures  only  the  total 
noise  or  loudness.  The  noise  meter  gives  noise 
ratings  of  boiler  factories,  offices,  gunfire,  rustling 
leaves,  and  the  like  and  informs  the  world  how 
much  noisier  Times  Square  in  New  York  City 
is  than  the  corner  of  State  and  Madison  Streets, 
"the  world's  busiest  corner",  in  Chicago's  loop. 


Thirty -six  passenger  twin  coach  used  for  noise  analysis. 


Although  not  as  spectacular  and  therefore  not 
as  well  known  to  the  public,  the  noise  analyzer 
accomplishes  a  much  more  important  work  and 
its  findings  will  have  an  important  influence  on 
the  design  of  machinery  and  merchanical  equip- 
ment in  the  future. 

Analyzer  Quiets  Motors 

Already  the  noise  analyzer  has  been  of  mate- 
rial assistance  in  reducing  the  noise  of  electric 
motors.  When  a  motor  is  exposed  to  the  super- 
sensitive ear  of  the  analyzer,  engineers  are  able 
to  find  out  how  much  of  the  total  noise  is  caused 
by  unbalance  of  the  rotor,  how  much  by  the 
commutator  bars,  what  part  by  slots  in  the  rotor 
and  what  part  by  gear  noises.   It  also  enables  them 


One  of  the  cars  provided  by  the  Pittsburgh  Railways  Co. 
for  sound  test 

to  trace  the  causes  of  the  noise  so  that  they  can 
eliminate  these  causes  at  their  source. 

Housewives  may  be  interested  in  knowing  that 
the  analyzer  has  already  played  an  important  part 
in  giving  them  quiet  electric  refrigerators,  washers, 
ironers,  vacuum  cleaners,  and  other  motor  driven 
appliances.  In  all  these  cases,  the  analyzer  has 
been  invaluable  in  eliminating  or  minimizing  noise 
elements  caused  by  the  motor  parts,  fan  assembly, 
gear  drive  and  similar  parts. 

It  is  a  well  established  fact  that  sound  plays 
a  very  important  part  in  the  health  and  happiness 
of  human  beings;  that  sounds  made  up  of  discords 

noise — have  a  harmful  influence  upon  health, 

happiness,  and  efficiency. 

Recent  investigations  by  a  group  of  psychol- 
ogists reveal  the  fact  that  the  pitch,  complexity, 
and  variation  of  complexity  of  a  noise  are  much 
more  important  factors  than  mere  loudness  or  in- 
tensity in  determining  the  harmful  effect  of  noise 
upon  production  in  industrial  and  office  tasks. 

This  scientific  recognition  of  the  importance  of 
noise  characteristics  emphasizes  the  need  for  and 
establishes  the  place  of  the  noise  analyzer  in  man's 
unceasing  fight  to  reduce  noise. 


Looks  Like  a  Radio  Set 

The  analyzer  is  similar  in  appearance  to  a  radio 
set.  On  its  panel  are  switches,  dials  and  meters; 
inside  are  four  vacuum  tubes,  condensers,  trans- 
formers and  similar  apparatus.  All  this  equip- 
ment is  compactly  built  into  a  leather  covered  case. 
To  understand  this  operation  a  knowledge  of  the 
principles  of  sound  and  vibration  are  necessary. 

Sound  is  the  result  of  an  object  vibrating  within 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER      ^      55     ►      SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Loading   noise   analyzing   equipment  on   the   GA-'IS,    new 
high  speed  air  liner  of  the  General  Aviation  Corporation. 


the  audible  range.  The  vibrating  object  causes 
alternate  expansions  and  contractions  of  the  me- 
dium surrounding  the  object,  and  these  pressure 
changes  are  transmitted  in  waves  by  the  medium 
to  all  points  in  the  vicinity  of  the  sound  source. 
Thus  a  sound  wave  exerts  a  definite  pressure  on 
any  object,  such  as  a  human  ear  drum,  located 
in  the  sound  field.  As  a  standard,  scientists  have 
agreed  upon  a  barely  audible  sound  of  1000  vibra- 
tions per  second.  Such  a  sound  presses  upon  each 
square  centimeter  of  an  average  ear  drum  with  a 
force  of  1  5000  of  a  dyne,  the  dyne  being  the 
scientist's   unit   of    force.     Expressed    in    ordinary 


How  noise  is  analyzed  during  the  flight  of  airplanes. 
W.  O.  Osbon,  engineer  at  the  left,  is  conducting  a  noise 
analysis  on  the  GA-43,  new  high  speed  air  liner  of  the 
General  Aviation  Corporation. 


units  this  sound  pressure  is  equivalent  to  about 
three  billionths  of  a  pound  per  square  inch. 

There  is  a  curious  relationship  between  the  fre- 
quency (or  the  number  of  vibrations  per  second) 
of  sound,  the  intensity  of  its  source,  its  loudness 
and  the  pressure  on  the  ear  drum.  Osbon  explains 
that  if  two  sounds  are  of  equal  loudness,  the  sound 
having  the  lower  frequency  will  have  a  greater  in- 
tensity at  its  source  and  will  exert  the  greater 
pressure  on  the  ear-drum.  For  instance  if  a  piano 
note  "C  ",  two  octaves  below  middle  "C  ",  and 
the  "C  "  two  octaves  above  middle  "C  ",  64  and 
1024  vibrations  per  second  respectively,  are  struck 
so  easily  that  both  of  them  are  barely  audible,  the 
lower  "C  "  will  emit  90.000  times  as  much  energy 
and  exert  300  times  as  much  pressure  on  the  ear- 
drum as  the  higher  "C". 

As  sound  increases  in  loudness,  the  pressure 
exerted  upon  the  eardrum  increases  tremendously. 
For  example,  a  sound  of  1000  vibrations  per  sec- 
ond, when  barely  audible  or,  as  the  scientist  would 
say,  at  the  threshold  of  hearing,  exerts  upon  the 
eardrum  a  force  of  only  I  /'5000  dynes  per  square 
centimeter  (1/6  square  inch,  approximately)  but 
this  sound,  when  increased  in  loudness  to  the 
threshold  of  pain,  exerts  a  force  of  3,000  dynes 
per  square  centimeter.  Respect  for  the  human  ear 
grows  with  the  realization  that  it  functions  through 
such  an  extreme  range  of  sound  intensity  and  pres- 
sure,— in  this  case  the  loud  sound  exerts  15,000,000 
times  as  much  pressure  on  the  eardrum  as  the 
quiet  sound  does,  while  the  sound  energy  increases 
in  the  staggering  ratio  of  225  million  million 
(225,000,000.000,000)   times! 

Based  on  Superheterodyne  Principle 

The  analyzer  differs  from  the  superheterodyne 
radio  circuit  only  in  its  intermediate  circuit.  Where 
the  radio  has  a  tuned  electrical  filter,  the  analyzer 
has  a  mechanical  filter. 

Operating  the  analyzer  is  similar  to  tuning-in  a 
station  on  a  superheterodyne  radio  set.  The  radio 
listener  turns  his  dial  to  select  different  stations; 
the  sound  engineer  turns  the  analyzer's  dial  to 
"tune-in  "  the  different  sound  elements  that  make 
up  a  noise. 

Each  noise  element's  frequency  is  balanced 
against  the  mechanical  filter's  known  frequency, 
7000  vibrations  per  second,  by  the  apparatus  and 
the  frequency  and  corresponding  intensity  are  read 
on  the  instrument's  dials. 

As  the  sound  engineer  sweeps  over  the  anal- 
yzer's frequency  range,  the  decibel  dial  will  indi- 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^    56   ► 


SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


cate  loud  noises  at  certain  frequencies.  These 
noises  are  the  sources  of  the  total  noise  of  the 
machinery  being  tested.  Knowing  the  frequencies 
of  the  individual  noise  sources,  it  is  a  relatively 
simple  task  to  discover  their  cause. 


HISTORIC  AMERICAN  BUILDING 
SURVEY 


Following     is     the     official     list     of     completed 
records  of  the  Survey  in  California:* 
Alba,  San  Joaquin  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    Farm  House. 
Albion,  Mendocino  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:     General  View. 
Amador  City,  Amador  County. 

Miscellaneous    photos    only:      Amador    Hotel, 
Imperial      Hotel.      Buildings,    on      Highway. 
House  and  Mine. 
Anaheim  ,  Orange  County. 

S.    A.    Sheffield    House,    37-13.    5p.     Pioneer 
House,  37-14,  2p. 
Angels  Camp,  Calaveras  County. 

Miscellaneous     photos     only:       Stone     House, 
House,  Store. 
(Near)   Angels  Camp.  Calaveras  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    Stone-Adobe  Ruin; 
Miscellaneous  Buildings,   Farm   House. 
Areata,  Humboldt  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    House  at  14th  and 
J   Streets.  Nixon  House. 
Auburn,  Placer  County. 

Miscellaneous     photos      only:      Intersection    of 
Grass  Valley  and  Sacramento  Roads.  Build- 
ings in  Old  Town.  Chinese  Section,  House  in 
Old  Town,  Ruins  in  Old  Town. 
Bridgeport.  Nevada  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:     Bridge  over  Yuba 
River. 
Bridgeville.  Humboldt  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:     General  View. 
Carson  Hill,  Calaveras  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:     House. 
Coloma.  El  Dorado  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:     Post  Office.   Barn. 
House.  Stone  Ruins.  Ruins  on  Shingle  Spring 
Road. 
Columbia,  Tuolumne  County. 

•Method  of  listing  subjects— Name  of  Survey:   Survey  Number:    Number 
of  Sheets  of  Measured  Drawings,   (s);  Number  of  Pliotographs   (p). 


Gravestones,  38-11,  Is,  14p. 
Miscellaneous  photos  only:     Wells  Fargo  and 
Company   Building,   Old   Trading    Post,    So- 
lari's    Building,    Pioneer   Saloon,    City    Hotel. 
Store,  St.  Anne's  Church. 
Dobins.  Yuba  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:     Hotel. 
Downieville,  Sierra  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:  West  Portion, 
Main  Street,  Court  House,  I.O.O.F.  Hall: 
Church  on  Sierra  Road,  Catholic  Church,  St. 
Charles  Hotel,  Major  Downie's  House, 
Houses  behind  Courthouse,  Sierra  City  Road, 
Houses  on  Sierra  City  Road. 
(Near)   Downieville,  Sierra  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:     Hydraulic  Mine. 
El  Dorado.  El  Dorado  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    Buildings  on  High- 
way;  Ruined  Store. 
Elk.  Mendocino  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    General  View. 
Escalon,  San  Joaquin  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    Jones   House. 
Eureka.  Humboldt  County. 

Miscellaneous    photos    only:      Lindsay    House. 
Stokes     House,     House    at     314     H     Street, 
Hustes-Hanna  House. 
Folsom,  Sacramento  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:     Wells   Fargo  and 
Company  Building.  Episcopal  Church,  House, 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
(Near)   Fort  Bragg.  Mendocino  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    Abandoned  School. 
Fort  Ross,  Sonoma  County. 
Russian  Chapel,  38-10,  6s,  7p. 
Miscellaneous     photos     only:      Russian     Block 
House,  Russian  Barracks. 
Grass  Valley,  Nevada  County. 

Miscellaneous     photos     only:       Watt     House, 
House. 
(Near)  Grass  Valley.  Nevada  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    Farm  House. 
Jackson.  Amador  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:     Brick  House,  Ser- 
bian Church,  Hotel. 
(Near)   Jolon,  Monterey  County. 

Mission  San  Antonio  De  Padua,  38-2,  17s,  lOp. 
Miscellaneous  photos  only:    Roth  Ranch. 
Knights  Ferry,  Stanislaus  County. 
The  Miller's  House,  38-8,  3s,  3p. 


THE  ARCHITECT  AND  ENGINEER 


^   57   ► 


SEPTEMBER,  NINETEEN  THIRTY-FOUR 


Miscellaneous  photos  only:     Bridge.    Mill   and 
Warehouse.  Schell  House.  Jail,  Fire  House. 
Long  Beach.  Los  Angeles  County. 

La  Casa  De  Los  Cerritos,  37-12.  12p. 
Los  Angeles,  Los  Angeles  County. 
Plaza  Church,  37-1,  2p. 
La  Casa  Avila,  37-2,  3s,  2p. 
La  Casa  De  Pelanconi,  37-3,  5s.  2p. 
Masonic  Temple,  37-1,   Ip. 

Monastary  of   Mission   San   Fernando   Rey   de 
Espana,  37-5.  7s,  lOp. 
Mad  River,  Humboldt  County. 

Miscellaneous    photos    only:      Log    Cabin    on 
Erickson  Ranch,  Erickson  Ranch  House. 
Marysville,  Yuba  County. 

Miscellaneous     photos     only:       Presbyterian 
Church,  Houses  on  C  Street  near  6th. 
(Near)    Marysville.  Yuba  County. 

Miscellaneous    photos     only:      Oregon    House, 
Marysville-Downieville  Road. 
(Near)  Melones.  Calaveras  County. 
Miscellaneous  photos  only:    Barn. 
Mendocino  City,  Mendocino  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    Main  Street. 
Mokelumne  Hill.  Calaveras  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    LO.O.F.  Building, 
Church,    Ruined    Store.    Stone    Ruins,    Leger 
Hotel,  Store  and  Post  Office. 
Monterey,  Monterey  County. 

San  Carlos  Presidio  Church,  38-6,  28s.  17p. 
Nashvville.  El  Dorado  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    House.  Barn. 
Nevada  City,  Nevada  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:     Store,   Firehouse. 
North  San  Juan,  Nevada  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    House.  Store.  Main 
Street,  Church. 
(Near)  Olema,  Marin  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    Lime  Kilns, 
Oleta,  Amador  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    Barn. 
Pomona.  Los  Angeles  County. 

La  Casa  de  Ygnacio  Palomares.  37-25.  3p. 
(Near)  Petaluma.  Sonoma  County. 
Vallejo  Adobe,  38-1,  9s,  lip. 
One  Room  Adobe,  38-9,  Is,  Ip. 
Pilot  Hill,  El  Dorado  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:     A.  J.   Biley  Road 
House. 
Piru,  Ventura  County. 

La  Casa  Del  Rancho  Camulos,  37-15,  17p. 
Placerville,  El  Dorado  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:  California  Automo- 
bile Association  Building,  J.  Zeisz  Building. 
Bedford  Inn,  Community  Church  and  Ad- 
joining Building,  House — No.  50  Benham 
Street,  House  of  Judge  Thompson,  House  on 


Bedford     Street.     House     on     Main     Street, 
House,  House  on  Coloma  Road. 
Plymouth,  Amador  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    House. 
(Near)    Salinas,  Monterey  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:     Sherwood   Ranch. 
San  Francisco,  San  Francisco  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:  Building  at  802 
Montgomery  Street.  Buildings  on  South  Side 
Jackson  Street,  between  Montgomery  and 
Sansome  Streets.  Buildings  on  East  Side 
Montgomery  Street,  between  Washington 
and  Jackson  Streets,  Hotaling  Building,  Fort 
Winfield  (  Presidio ) . 
San  Gabriel,  Los  Angeles  County. 

Mission  San  Gabriel  Arcangel,  37-8,  7p. 
Purcell  House.  37-9,  3p. 
San  Juan  Bautista.  San  Benito  County. 

Mission  San  Juan  Bautista,  38-4,  38s,  22p. 
House  of  Mexican  Period.  38-5,  3s,  2p. 
The  Plaza,  38-12,  Is. 

Miscellaneous     photos     only:      Castro     House 
Plaza. 
San  Miguel.  Monterey  County. 

Miscellaneous   photos   only:     Mission   San   Mi- 
guel Arcangel. 
(Near)  San  Miguel,  Monterey  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    Caledonia  Inn. 
Santa  Barbara.  Santa  Barbara  County. 
Yorba-Abadie  House.  37-33,  4s,  2p. 
The  Miranda  House,  37-35,  4s,  Ip. 
"El  Cuartel."  37-36.  3s,  Ip. 
Home  of  Mrs.  A.  L.  M.  Vhay,  37-37,  4s.  lOp. 
(Near)   Santa  Rosa.  Sonoma  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    Vallejo  House. 
Shasta.  Shasta  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:     Main  Street.   Old 
Court  House,  Masonic  Hall  and  Store  Build- 
ing,    Foster     House,     Dr.    ShurtlefF    House, 
Bystle  House. 
Shingle  Springs.  El  Dorado  County. 
Miscellaneous  photos  only:     Store. 
Sierra  City,  Sierra  County. 

Miscellaneous   photos   only:     Old   Mine,    Main 
Street,  Houses  on  Main  Street,  Wells  Fargo 
and  Company  Building. 
Sonoma,  Sonoma  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    Mission  San  Fran- 
cisco   Solano    de    Sonoma.    Blue    Wing    Inn, 
Adler  House,  Vallejo  House,  Vallejo  Chalet. 
Sonora.  Tuolumne  County. 
Gravestones,  38-11,   Is,   14p. 
Miscellaneous      photos      only:       St.      Patrick's 
Church,    McCormick    House,    Cady    House, 
Dorsey   House,   Italia  Hotel,   House  at   1100 
[Please  turn  to  Column  2.  Page  61] 


58 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  September,  1934 


«    «    «    « 


With  the  Architects 


»      »      »      » 


OLYMPIC  CLUB  IMPROVEMENTS 
Extensive  alterations  and  additions  to  the 
Olympic  Club.  San  Francisco,  are  under  way  from 
plans  by  Douglas  D.  Stone  and  John  Baur,  archi- 
tects. Contracts  have  been  let  for  all  the  work 
which  is  being  supervised  by  Lindgren  &  Swiner- 
ton.  Inc.  Pacific  Manufacturing  Company  is  doing 
the  mill  work  and  Guilfoy  Cornice  Works  has 
the  sheet  metal  work.  More  than  $200,000  will 
be  expended  on  the  improvements. 


EXHIBITION  OF  PHOTOGRAPHS 
An  interesting  exhibition  of  photographs  of  his- 
toric homes  and  places  in  the  California  gold  coun- 
try, is  being  held  this  month  at  the  De  Young 
Museum,  Golden  Gate  Park.  The  pictures  are  the 
work  of  Roger  Sturtevant  of  San  Francisco  who 
took  them  in  connection  with  the  recent  Historic 
American  Buildings  Survey.  National  Park  Serv- 
ice. Department  of  the  Interior. 


BERKELEY  ARCHITECT  BUSY 
Fred  Confer,  2812  Russell  Street.  Berkeley,  re- 
ports quite  a  few  inquiries  from  prospective  build- 
ers who  have  been  inspired  by  the  new  Federal 
Housing  Act.  New  homes  and  modernization  of 
present  homes  are  contemplated.  Mr.  Confer  has 
taken  bids  for  a  house  in  Oakmore  Highlands  for 
C.  C.  Lotz  and  he  has  completed  drawings  for  a 
$12,000  residence  on  Arch  Street,  Berkeley,  for 
K.  G.  Schwegler. 


PRINTING  PLANx 
Plans  have  been  completed  in  the  office  of  Will 
P.  Day,  405  Montgomery  Street.  San  Francisco, 
for  a  reinforced  concrete  printing  plant  at  12th  and 
Van  Ness  Avenue,  San  Francisco,  for  the  Re- 
corder Printing  &  Publishing  Company.  Plant  and 
equipment  will  represent  an  outlay  of  $150,000. 


STAINED  GLASS  DESIGNER  PASSES 
Walter  H.  Judson.  nationally  known  designer 
and  manufacturer  of  stained  glass,  and  founder  of 
the  Judson  Studios  at  200  S.  Avenue  66.  Los  An- 
geles, died  at  Glendale  Research  Hospital.  Sep- 
tember 4.  where  he  had  undergone  a  surgical  oper- 
ation for  a  stomach  ailment.  He  was  62  years  of 
age. 


COURT  HOUSE  ADDITION 
A  bond  election  for  $146,000  will  be  held  in  San 
Mateo  County  in  November,  the  proceeds  to  be 
used  for  a  three-story  addition  to  the  Court  House, 
Redwood  City.  Preliminary  plans  have  been  pre- 
pared by  W.  H.  Toepke.  Call  Building.  San  Fran- 


NAPA  COUNTY  RESIDENCE 
Arthur  S.  Dudman.  67  Bungalow  Avenue.  San 
Rafael,  has  completed  plans  for  an  $8,500  resi- 
dence to  be  built  in  Napa  for  J.  O.  Sperry.  House 
will  have  seven  rooms,  two  baths,  double  garage, 
hot  air  heating  and  hardwood  floors. 


CONCRETE  BREW  HOUSE 
A   three-story  reinforced  concrete  brew  house 
will  be  built   at   Santa  Rosa  for  Grace  Brothers 
Brewing  Co.    L.  H.  Nishkian,  Underwood  Build- 
ing, San  Francisco,  is  the  engineer. 


SAN  JOSE  AUDITORIUM 
Plans  have  been  revised  for  the  $400,000  munici- 
pal auditorium  at  San  Jose  and  new  bids  are  being 
taken.  Binder  &  Curtis.  San  Jose,  are  the  archi- 
tects and  Leland  &  Haley  of  San  Francisco  are 
the  mechanical  engineers. 


COALINGA  SCHOOL 
W.  D.  Coates,  Jr.,  Rowell  Building,  Fresno,  has 
completed  plans  for  a  science  building,  swimming 
pool  and  locker  room  for  the  Coalinga  High 
School  District.  W.  Adrian.  San  Francisco,  is  the 
structural  engineer.  Improvements  will  cost 
$150,000. 


DEPARTMENT  STORE 
The  engineering  department  of  Montgomery 
Ward  &  Company  is  preparing  plans  for  a  two- 
story,  basement  and  mezzanine  department  store 
building  to  be  erected  at  9th  and  K  Streets,  Sacra- 
mento, on  the  property  of  the  Hagelstein  Estate. 
Montgomery  Ward  &  Company  are  the  lessees. 
The  estimated  cost  is  $300,000. 

The  Architect  and  Engineer.  September,  1934 


ATHERTON  RESIDENCE 
A  contract  has  been  awarded  for  a  two-story 
stucco  residence  at  Atherton.  San  Mateo  County, 
at  a  cost  of  $17,000.  Leo  Sharps,  1477  Burlingame 
/venue,  Burlingame,  is  the  architect,  and  W.  E. 
Tourtelotte  is  the  owner. 


TIBURON  RESIDENCE 
Charles   E.   J.   Rogers,   architect  in   the   Phelan 
Building,  San  Francisco,  has  awarded  contract  for 
a  $13,000  house  at  Tiburon  for  Vincent  F.  Clarke. 


59 


RAYMOND  HOOD 

Raymond  Hood,  internationally  known  archi- 
tect, died  August  14  at  his  home.  Southfield  Point, 
Stamford,   Conn.    He  was   53  years  old, 

Mr.  Hood  played  an  important  part  in  the  de- 
velopment of  the  skyscraper. 

In  association  with  John  Mead  Howells.  he 
designed  and  erected  the  Chicago  Tribune  Tower. 
He  was  the  architect  for  the  American  Radiator 
Building  in  New  York. 

Hood  was  born  in  Pawtucket.  R,  I.,  March  29. 
1881,  and  studied  at  Brown  University.  Later 
he  attended  the  Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts  in  Paris, 
France.  He  began  the  practice  of  architecture 
in  New  York  City  in  1903. 


ADDRESSES  TACOMA  ARCHITECTS 
Frederick  Shaw,  architect  of  San  Francisco, 
formerly  of  Tacoma,  on  August  6  addressed  the 
Tacoma  Society  of  Architects  on  the  peculiar  con- 
ditions facing  building  designers  in  the  Bay  City. 
due  to  the  new  state  earthquake  law.  Especially 
difficult,  he  said,  was  the  problem  of  placing  a 
satisfactory  foundation  for  residences  on  the  sand 
dunes. 

Frederick  Heath,  senior  member  of  Heath, 
Gove  and  Bell,  on  July  30,  spoke  on  the  proposed 
revival  of  the  city  planning  project  by  the  City 
Planning  Board. 


ARCHITECTS  DESIGN  SANCTUARY 
Exhibition  drawings  for  the  proposed  Sanctuary 
of  Our  Sorrowful,  prepared  from  extensive  studies 
made  by  the  architectural  firm  of  Heath,  Gove 
and  Bell  of  Tacoma,  and  to  be  erected  on  Rocky 
Butte,  Sandy  Boulevard,  Portland,  were  shown 
at  the  first  Marian  Congress  held  August  12  to 
15  in  the  Rose  City.  The  Servite  Order  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church  intends  to  erect  a  monu- 
mental edifice  in  the  near  future  on  a  52-acre  site 
on  the  eastern  border  of  the  Oregon  metropolis. 
The  location  has  a  commanding  view. 


SEATTLE  ARCHITECT  A  BENEDICT 
Albert  Ernest  Hennessy,  Seattle  architect  and 
recent  graduate  of  the  University  of  Washington, 
and  Miss  Mary  Erckenbrach.  mural  artist  of 
Seattle  and  former  University  student,  were  mar- 
ried July  21  at  Mount  Vernon,  Washington.  For 
several  years  past  they  have  been  partners  in 
interior  decorating. 


SANTA   MARIA   COURTHOUSE 
Santa  Barbara  county  supervisors   contemplate 
erecting   a  branch  courthouse  in   Santa  Maria  to 
cost    approximately    $125,000.     The    project    de- 
pends upon  an  appropriation  of  government  funds. 


60 


SUPERVISING  ARCHITECTS  NAMED 
The  Board  of  Regents  of  the  University  of 
Washington  at  its  meeting  July  28.  appointed  the 
firm  of  Bebb  and  Gould,  Seattle,  supervising  arch- 
itects for  all  future  construction  on  the  University 
campus,  and  they  will  have  final  authority,  under 
the  board,  to  pass  upon  all  plans  and  designs  for 
construction.  Messrs.  Bebb  and  Gould  were  au- 
thorized to  proceed  to  work  out  the  general  cam- 
pus plan  in  detail  within  the  limits  of  expendi- 
ture originally  estimated  for  this  purpose. 

Upon  recommendation  of  the  building  commit- 
tee, the  Board  of  Regents,  Lewis  B.  Schwellen- 
bach.  presiding,  authorized  immediate  retainers 
for  the  design  of  three  new  building  projects, 
namely:  David  J.  Myers  and  John  Graham,  both 
of  Seattle,  joint  architects  for  the  Women's  Dor- 
mitory Building;  A.  H.  Albertson.  Seattle,  arch- 
itect for  the  Infirmary  Building;  George  H.  Kreu- 
ger.  engineer,  to  design  and  build  the  addition  to 
the   Power  House  and  its  mechanical  equipment. 


CATHEDRAL  ADDITION 
Carlton  M.  Winslow,  1001  Architects'  Build- 
ing, has  completed  plans  for  a  chapel  building  to 
be  erected  at  St,  Paul's  Cathedral,  Figueroa 
Street,  between  6th  and  7th  streets,  Los  Angeles. 
The  building  will  be  of  reinforced  concrete  con- 
struction, one  and  part  two  stories,  87x42  feet  in 
area,  tile  roofing,  wood  roof  trusses,  steel  sash, 
cement  floors,  leaded  glass  and  stained  glass  win- 
dows, unit  heating  system,  etc. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  EXHIBIT 
Southern  California  Chapter.  American  Insti- 
tute of  Architects,  sponsored  an  exhibition  of  135 
photographs  of  the  work  of  Mexican  architects, 
held  in  conjunction  with  the  regular  monthly 
meeting  at  International  Institute,  435  S.  Boyle 
Ave.,  Los  Angeles,  September  11.  The  Mexican 
Consul,  Senor  Alejandro  V.  Martinez,  and  other 
prominent  Mexicans  were  in  attendance. 


SANTA  CLARA  POST  OFFICE 
Bids  are  being  received  by  the  Treasury  De- 
partment, Procurement  Division,  Public  Works 
Branch,  Washington,  D.  C  for  the  construction 
of  a  post  office  building  in  Santa  Clara.  Appro- 
priation for  the  building  is  $40,500.  Plans  were 
prepared  by  Clarence  R.  Ward,  24  California 
Street,  San  Francisco. 


TRACY  POST  OFFICE 

Treasury  Department,  Washington.  D.  C,  has 
selected  property  at  the  northwest  corner  of 
Tenth  and  B  streets,  Tracy,  as  the  site  for  the 
United  States  post  office  to  be  erected  in  that 
city.   The  site  covers  an  area  of  85x163  feet. 

The  Architect  and  Engineer,  September,  1934 


PERSONALS 

Fred  G.  Rounds.  Washington's  peripatetic 
architect  whose  recent  activities  have  been  cen- 
tered in  the  W.  R.  Rust  Building.  Tacoma.  has 
accepted  an  appointment  in  the  office  of  the  Super- 
vising Architect.  U.  S.  Treasury  Department. 
Washington,  D.C. 

W.  E.  ScHiRMER.  architect,  has  moved  to  Room 
910  in  the  Bank  of  America  Building.  Oakland. 

Claud  B.  Barton,  formerly  practicing  architec- 
ture in  Oakland,  is  now  located  in  Los  Angeles 
where  he  is  supervising  construction  of  a  $25,000 
home  for  Mrs.  Bekins  from  plans  by  himself  and 
his  brother,  Eugene  Barton,  of  San  Francisco. 
Claud  Barton  is  becoming  an  ardent  lawn  bowler 
and  he  recently  took  part  in  the  state  tournament 
of  the  California  Lawn  Bowling  Association,  held 
on  the  Victory  Park  greens,  near  Pasadena. 

Elmer  Grey  now  has  an  office  in  the  Architects' 
Building.  Los  Angeles,  as  well  as  an  office  in  Pasa- 
dena. 

VIOLATION  OF  CONTRACTORS  ACT 
Two  San  Jose  contractors  were  convicted  on 
charges  of  evasion  of  the  state  contractors'  act  and 
are  at  liberty  on  two  years'  probation  and  under 
order  of  the  court  to  pay  $1,800  to  a  San  Jose 
building  material  dealer  for  supplies  purchased  in 
connection  with  a  contract  to  plaster  the  new  San 
Jose  post  office.  They  are  Jesse  Shay  and  S.  M. 
Shimmon  of  San  Francisco. 

Both  men  pleaded  guilty  following  their  arrest 
on  charges  filed  by  Inspector  James  Fellom,  San 
Jose,  representing  Carlos  W.  Huntington,  regis- 
trar of  contractors.  Shay,  according  to  evidence 
obtained  by  Registrar  Huntington,  obtained  a 
$7,900  contract  for  plastering  the  new  post  office. 
Being  unable  to  accept  the  contract  himself,  be- 
cause of  inability  to  obtain  a  state  license.  Shay 
was  alleged  to  have  assigned  the  contract  to  Shim- 
mon, under  a  secret  agreement  whereby  they  were 
to  equally  share  the  profits. 


HISTORIC   AMERICAN 
BUILDINGS  SURVEY 

[(/oiu-Uulcd    from    I'ul;^    .^S] 


Washington  Street.  Sugg  House.  House  at 
Dodge  and  Stuart  Streets.  House  near  Veter- 
ans Building.  Door  in  House  at  Dodge  and 
Stuart  Streets,  St.  James  Episcopal  Church. 
(Near)  Sonora,  Tuolumne  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    Dam.  Lime  Kilns. 
Spadra,  Los  Angeles  County. 

La  Casa  de  Recardo  Vejar,  37-10,  3s,  2p. 
Springfield,  Tuolumne  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only.    School,  House. 
Sweetland,  Nevada  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    Hotel  and  Store. 
Tuttletown,  Tuolumne  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    Store. 
(Near)  Tuttletown,  Tuolumne  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:     Farm  House. 
Volcano,  Amador  County. 

Miscellaneous    photos    only:      Hotel.    Masonic 
Hall  and  Store,  Store. 
Weaverville,  Trinity  County. 

Miscellaneous      photos      only:       Main      Street. 

Trinity     County     Court     House.     I.O.O.F. 

Building,  Store,  Old  Brewery,  Jumper  House, 

Chinese  Joss  House,  Old  Fire  Engine  House. 

Wesport.  Mendocino  County. 

Miscellaneous  photos  only:    General  View. 
Whittier,  Los  Angeles  County. 

Casa  de  Pio  Pico  (Hacienda  Del  Rancho  Paso 
De  Bartoloviejo)  37-24,  7s.  lOp. 


BAYWOOD  RESIDENCE 
Chester  H.  Treichel.  696  Cleveland  Avenue. 
Oakland,  has  completed  plans  for  a  $14,000  Span- 
ish style  dwelling  to  be  built  in  the  Baywood  Dis- 
trict of  San  Mateo  for  Howard  L,  Stillwell.  House 
will  have  nine  rooms,  three  baths,  two-car  garage 
and  tile  roof. 


EUREKA  MARKET 
A    one-story    super    market    building    has    been 
planned  for  Eureka  by  F.  T.  Georgeson.  architect 
of    that    city.     Improvements    will    cost    $25,000. 
Henry  Calanchini  of  Ferndale.  is  the  owner. 


LOCAL  HOUSING  OFFICIALS 
Practically  every  construction  group  in  San 
Francisco  has  voiced  approval  of  the  Federal 
housing  administration's  plans  to  insure  nearly 
$3,000,000,000  credit  to  home  owners  that  they 
may  immediately  improve  and  repair  their  prop- 
erties. 

Clifford  D.  Anglin,  district  director  of  the  Fed- 
eral housing  administration;  Albert  Swinerton,  in 
charge  of  the  work  for  the  11  Western  States, 
and  Mano  Zan,  chairman  of  the  local  construc- 
tion division  conference  on  the  NRA  building 
code,  are  the  leading  lights  in  the  movement. 

Every  branch  of  the  industry  from  engineering 
and  architecture  to  contracting,  including  mem- 
bers of  the  Associated  General  Contractors,  has 
shown  great  interest. 

Besides  the  hundreds  of  builders  and  contrac- 
tors affected  by  the  release  of  the  funds,  more 
than  50,000  building  trades  workers  in  San  Fran- 
cisco will  benefit,  it  was  pointed  out. 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  September.  1934 


SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA  CHAPTER 

George  B.  Buckley,  assistant  manager  of  the 
Los  Angeles  Chamber  of  Commerce  construction 
industries  department,  addressed  the  regular 
monthly  meeting  of  Southern  California  Chapter, 
American  Institute  of  Architects,  at  Taix  res- 
taurant in  Los  Angeles,  August  14.  Mr.  Buck- 
ley called  attention  to  what  he  termed  a  golden 
opportunity  for  the  architects  to  consolidate  the 
gains  they  have  made  in  their  efforts  to  place  pub- 
lic works  commissions  in  private  hands. 

Speaking  on  the  subject  of  public  works,  Sum- 
ner Spaulding,  who  presided,  stated  the  petition 
submitted  to  a  gathering  of  Southern  California 
architects  June  19,  wherein  a  method  of  selecting 
architects  for  government  work  was  set  forth,  is 
now  in  the  hands  of  authorities  in  Washington. 
Mr.  Spaulding  also  spoke  of  the  opportunities  pre- 
sented by  the  government  housing  program,  and 
of  architects  who  have  been  consulted  by  the  ad- 
ministrator of  this  program. 

Henry  Carlton  Newton,  chairman  of  the  engi- 
neering committee,  made  a  report  which  revealed 
that  considerable  progress  has  been  made  in  set- 
ting up  a  schedule  of  fees  for  engineers,  the  licens- 
ing of  mechanical  and  electrical  engineers,  and  the 
preparation  of  a  booklet  to  publicize  the  architec- 
tural and  engineering  professions.  The  report 
was  referred  to  the  executive  committee. 

Reporting  on  unemployment,  Henry  F.  Withey. 
chairman  of  that  committee,  said  the  historical 
monuments  restoration  program  would  probably 
be  continued  under  SERA  direction  and  would 
furnish  about  four  months  work  for  sixty  drafts- 
men. It  was  pointed  out  that  those  eligible  for 
this  work  must  be  on  the  county  relief  roll. 

E.  F.  Bissantz,  chairman  of  the  exhibition  com- 
mittee, announced  that  at  the  September  meeting 
of  the  Chapter  an  interchange  exhibition  of  con- 
temporary architecture  of  Mexico  would  be  shown, 
including  135  photographs  of  recent  work  done 
in  that  country. 

J.  W.  F.  Binderheim  read  a  paper  on  the  subject. 
"What  is  an  Architect?" 


tie.  The  honored  recipients  were  Carl  F.  Gould, 
A.  H.  Albertson  and  David  J.  Myers,  all  leaders 
in  their  profession  in  Seattle  and  the  Pacific 
Northwest.  The  meeting  heard  progress  reports 
on  the  building  program  of  the  National  Housing 
Administration  and  the  Reconditioning  Division 
of  the  Home  Owners  Loan  Corporation. 


CERTIFICATES  OF  FELLOWSHIP 
Presentation  of  three  certificates  of  "Fellow- 
ship" awarded  by  the  American  Institute  of  Arch- 
itects at  the  1934  national  convention  last  May. 
featured  the  initial  fall  dinner  meeting  of  the 
Washington  State  Chapter  September  6,  in  Seat- 


ENGINEERS  MEETING 

A  special  meeting  of  the  San  Francisco  Section, 
American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  was  held  at 
the  Engineer's  Club,  206  Sansome  Street,  San 
Francisco,  Monday  evening.  July  23rd.  This 
meeting  was  held  in  honor  of  Harrison  P.  Eddy, 
President,  and  George  T.  Seabury.  Secretary,  of 
the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  who 
were  visiting  San  Francisco  before  returning  to 
New  York  from  the  Vancouver  convention.  The 
eighty-five  members  and  guests  were  also  honored 
to  have  as  a  guest  Professor  A.  N.  Talbot.  Past 
President  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil  En- 
gineers. 

President  Bowers  called  the  meeting  to  order 
and  introduced  Secretary  George  T.  Seabury.  who 
stated  that  there  have  been  many  changes  in 
society  affairs  in  recent  years,  particularly  with 
reference  to  the  welfare  of  engineers. 

The  first  change  of  importance  was  in  1930 
when  a  committee  of  the  society  made  an  exten- 
sive study  of  engineering  salaries.  In  this  year 
engineering  employment  and  salaries  were  at  the 
high  peak  of  all  time.  Also  in  this  same  year  the 
president  and  secretary  of  the  Society  visited 
President  Hoover  in  Washington,  and  urged  him 
to  develop  a  mapping  and  other  programs  that 
would  provide  work  for  unemployed  engineers. 

The  society  has  been  active  in  another  type  of 
welfare  work,  namely,  the  financial  relief  of  fellow 
engineers  during  the  depression.  The  New  York 
Section  alone  has  expended  $110,000  for  such 
work,  A  great  many  other  Sections  have  dnn<> 
their  share  in  assisting  their  fellow  members. 

Still  another  change  in  type  of  society  affairs 
was  evident  when  help  was  given  in  the  develop- 
ment of  Federal  construction  projects.  A  group 
of  men  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers 
in  New  York  City  made  and  conceived  the  public 
works  program.  They  developed  the  detail  of 
this  thought  and,  after  the  endorsement  of  the 
executive  committee  of  the  society,  went  to  Wash- 


62 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  September,  1934 


ington  and  spent  a  great  deal  of  time  educating 
Congressmen  to  the  value  of  such  a  program.  As 
a  result  the  RFC  was  organized.  This  group  is 
still  in  existence  and  active.  The  RFC  did  not 
prove  to  be  broad  or  flexible  enough  so  the  com- 
mittee again  went  to  Washington  and  once  more 
was  helpful  in  the  development  of  the  PWA  pro- 
gram. 

President  Bowers  then  introduced  President 
Harrison  P.  Eddy,  who  expressed  appreciation  of 
the  opportunity  of  visiting  the  San  Francisco 
Section,  since  in  his  opinion  the  real  advantage  to 
be  derived  from  any  society  is  chiefly  the  contact 
members  have  with  each  other.  He  spoke  in  gen- 
eral of  the  changes  mentioned  by  Secretary  Sea- 
bury  and  stated  that  one  of  the  most  important 
questions  before  the  Board  of  Directors  is  whether 
they  are  now  doing  the  proper  thing  in  reference 
to  welfare  work.  In  the  past  the  functions  of  the 
society  have  been  100  per  cent  technical.  One 
important  change  from  this  type  of  activity  took 
place  with  the  registration  of  civil  engineers,  a 
phase  of  welfare  work. 

One  of   the   most   serious   questions  before   the 
society    officials    is    whether    the    society    should 


strongly   back  the  policy  of  seeking   employment 
for  engineers.     President   Eddy   stated   he  would 
like  the  judgment  and  opinion  of  local  engineers 
on  this  question  and  on  the  Engineer's  Code.   The 
formation    of    an    Engineers    Code    was    started 
about  a  year  ago  and  the  society  took  the  lead,  as 
it  was  the  only  national  engineering  society  that 
had  a  large  percentage  of   its  membership  inter- 
ested in  the  construction  industry.    Many  points 
that   seemed   desirable    for   inclusion  in   this   code 
had  to  be  dropped  because  of  government  regula- 
tions.   First  salaries  and  then  fees  were  to  be  in- 
cluded, but  government  officials  would  not  permit 
either.   There  have  been  sixteen  drafts  of  the  code. 
President    Eddy   stated    that    the    code   has    been 
forced  on  engineers  due  to  the  intrusion  of  indus- 
try into  engineering  and  that  if  the  principle  of 
codes  is  going  to  last  it  would  seem  that  engineers 
need  one  for  self  protection. 

ADDITION  TO  MARKET 
Alterations    and    additions    are    planned    to    a 
Salinas   drive   in   market   from   plans   by   Charles 
E.   Butner,  architect  of  Salinas.    Work  will  cost 
$20,000. 


^^CALFENS'' 


A  beautiful  and  inexpensive  garden  screen. 

An  attractive  background  for  flowers  and  foliage. 

A  durable  fence  of  woven  redwood  pickets  with  bark,  moss 

and  lichens  left  intact. 

CALIFORIVIA  RUSTIC  FENCE  CO.,  646  CALL  BLDG.,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CALIF. 

Phone:     GArfield     696U 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  September.  1934 


MONEL  METAL 

[Hiff/i  Nickel  Alloy} 

is  the  accepted  material  for  soda  foun- 
tains and  lunch-room  equipment,  just  as 
it  is  the  universal  metal  for  food  service 
equipment  in  leading  hotels  and  restau- 
rants throughout  the  country. 


CORROSIROX 

[Acid  Resisting  Iroii] 

is  the  accepted  material  for  draining 
waste  lines.  CORROSIRON  meets  all 
State  and  Municipal  specifications  for 
drain  lines  from  school  laboratories  and 
chemistry  rooms. 


Pacific  Foundry  Company  Ltd. 
Pacific  Metals  Company  Ltd. 


470  East  Third  St. 
LOS  ANGELES 


3100  Nineteenth  St. 
SAN  FRANCISCO 


551  Fifth  Ave. 
NEW  YORK 


San  Francisco's  Splendid 
New  City  and  County  ]ail 
designed  by  Albert  Roller 
and  Dodge  A.  Riedy  will 
be  featured  in  the  October 
Architect  and  Engineer 


STATE  HAS  22,430  CONTRACTORS 
Indicating  a  heavy  turnover  in  the  personnel  of 
the  building  and  construction  business  a  total  of 
46,493  persons  or  firms  have  held  state  contrac- 
tors' licenses  at  one  time  or  another  in  the  five 
years  since  the  enactment  of  the  Contractors 
Act  in  1929,  Glen  V.  Slater,  assistant  state  regis- 
trar of  contractors  of  California,  states  in  a  report 
to  Governor  Merriam. 

Of  this  number,  it  appears  that  only  22,430  con- 
tractors were  able  to  weather  the  storms  of  eco- 
nomic adversity  during  the  five  years  and  remain 
in  business,  Mr.  Slater  reported. 

The  following  is  a  tabulation  of  licenses  issued 
in  each  fiscal  year  since  enactment  of  the  contrac- 
tors' act  in  1929: 


New 

iscal  year 

Renewals 

licenses 

Total 

19^9-30 

21,624 

21,624 

1930-31 

18,062 

9,571 

27,663 

1931-32 

18,722 

6,328 

25,050 

1932-33 

17,881 

4,484 

22,365 

1933-34 

17,944 

4.486 

22,430 

Registration  of  contractors  for  the  fiscal  year 
ended  June  30,1934,  advanced  to  22,430,  an  aver- 
age of  one  contractor  for  each  253  persons  in  the 
state.  This  was  a  gain  of  65  over  the  previous 
year. 

Indications  point  to  "an  even  greater  increase 
during  the  ensuing  fiscal  year,  "  the  report  said. 
Applications  for  1934-35  licenses  already  filed 
have  exceeded  expectations. 

With  surprising  consistency,  applications  of 
contractors  who  were  either  just  entering  the  con- 
struction business  or  re-entering  this  field  after 
a  lapse  of  a  year  or  more,  flowed  in  at  the  rate  of 
15  per  day  throughout  the  year.  A  total  of  5,568 
new  applications  were  filed  during  the  year,  in  ad- 
dition to  the  16,862  filed  before  the  1933-34  re- 
newal deadline. 

Registration  of  contractors  in  the  major  cities 
of  the  State   follows:     Bakersfield    147,    Berkeley 


X  Cant/on  OofomiCicJti/ctudiBJjCime 


Lewis  P.  Hobart 

Arcliitrit 
Dinwiddie  Construction  Co. 

General  Contractors 
A.  Knowles 

Plastering  Contractor 


Used  for  Interior 
base  coat  and  finish 
coat  plastering  in 


iVeit?  Bohemian  Cluh  Building 

San  Francisco 
UNITED    STATES    LIME    PRODUCTS    CORP. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  LOS  ANGELES 


64 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  September,  1934 


Estimator  s  Guide 


bstimator  s  Uuide 

Giving  Cost  of  Building  Materials,  Wage  Scale,  Etc. 

Owing  to  the  various  crafts  accepting  the  NRA  code  of  fair  competition,  in  some  cases 
they  have  adopted  a  schedule  of  prices,  and  it  therefore  would  be  advisable  to  get  in 
touch  with  these  firms  direct. 

Amounts  quoted  are  figuring  prices  and  are  made  up  from  average  quotations  furnished 
by   material   houses  to   three   leading   contracting    firms   of   San   Francisco. 

NOTE— Add  2%%  Sale  Tax  on  all  materials  but  not  labor. 


All  prices  and  wages  quoted  are  for 
San  Francisco  and  the  Bay  District. 
There  may  be  slight  fluctuation  of 
prices  in  the  interior  and  southern 
part  of  the  state.  Freight  cartage,  at 
least,  must  be  added  in  figuring  coun- 
try work. 

Bond — 1%%  amount  of  contract. 

Brickwork — 

Common,  $36  to  $40  per  1000  laid, 
(according  to  class  of  work). 

Face,  $75  to  $90  per  1000  laid,  ac- 
cording to  class  of  work). 

Brick  Steps,  using  pressed  brick, 
$1.10  lin.  ft. 

Brick  Walls,  using  pressed  brick  on 
edge,  60c  sq.  ft.  (Foundations  ex- 
tra.) 

Brick  Veneer  on  frame  buildings, 
$.75  sq.  ft. 

Common,  f.  o.  b.  cars,  $15.00  job 
cartage. 

Face,  f.o.b.  cars,  $45.00  to  $50.00  per 
IflOO,  carload  lots. 

HOLLOW  TILE  FIREPEOOFING   (f.o.b.  job) 

3x12x12  in $  84.00  per  M 

4x12x12  in 94.50  per  M 

6x12x12  in 126..00perM 

8x12x12  in 225.00  per  M 

HOLLOW  BUILDING  TILE   (f.o.b.   job) 
carload  lots). 

8xl2x5K    $  94.50 

6x12x5    Vz 73.50 

Discount  5%. 

Composition  Floors  —  18c  to  35c  per 

sq.  ft.  In  large  quantities,  16c  per 

sq.  ft.  laid. 
Mosaic  Floors — 80c  per  sq.  ft. 
Dnraflex  Floor— 23c  to  30c  sq.  ft. 
Rubber  Tile — 50c  per  sq.  ft. 
Terazzo  Floors — 45c  to  60c  per  sq.  ft. 
Terazzo  Steps— $1.60  lin.  ft. 

Concrete  Work  (material  at  San  Fran- 
cisco bunkers)  —  Quotations  below 
2000  lbs.  to  the  ton.  $2.00  delivered. 

No.  3  rock,  at  bunkers $1.65  per  ton 

No.  4  rock,  at  bunkers 1.65  per  ton 

Elliott  top  gravel,  at  bnkrs.  1.75  per  ton 
Washed  gravel,  at  bunkrs  1.75  per  ton 
tliott  top  gravel,  at  bnkrs.  1.75  per  ton 
City  gravel,  at  bunkers....  1.40  per  ton 

River  sand,  at  bunkers 150  per  ton 

Delivered   bank    sand 120  cu.  yd. 

Xote — Above  prices  are  subject  to  dis- 
count of  10c  per  ton  on  invoices  paid 
on  or  before  the  15th  of  month,  fol- 
lowing delivery. 

SANP 

Del  Monte,  $1.75  to  $3.00  per  ton. 
Fan    Shell    Beach    (car    lots,    f.o.b. 

Lake  Majella),  $2.75  to   $4.00   per 

ton. 


Cement,  $2.26  per  bbl.  in  paper  sks. 
Cement   (f.o.b.)   Job.  S.F.)  $2.90  per 

bbl. 
Cement      (f.o.b.     Job,     Oak.)     $2.90 

per  bbl. 
Rebate    of    10    cents    bbl.    cash    in    15 

days. 

Medusa  "White"  $  8.50  per  bbl. 

Forms,  Labors  average  25.00  per  M 
Average   cost   of   concrete   in    place, 

exclusive  of  forms,  30c  per  cu.  ft. 
4-inch  concrete  basement 

floor 12%c  to  14c  per  sq.  ft. 

iVo  inch  Concrete  Basement 

floor  14V2C  to  16c  per  sq.  ft. 

2-inch  rat-proofing.. ..6V2C   per   sq.  ft. 
Concrete  Steps  $1.25  per  lin.  ft. 

Dampproofliig  and  Waterproofing — 

Two-coat  work,  l'5c  per  yard. 
.Membrane    waterproofing — 4    layers 

of  saturated  felt,  $4.00  per  square. 
Hoi  coating  work.  $1.80  per  square. 
Meduca  Waterproofing,  15c   per  lb., 

San  Francisco  Warehouse. 

Electric    Wiring — $12.00     to    S15.00 
per   outlet   for   conduit    work    (in- 
cluding switches). 
Knob  and  tube  average   $7.00   per 
outlet,  including  switches. 


Elevators — 

Prices  vary  according  to  capacity, 
speed  and  type.  Consult  elevator 
companies.  Average  cost  of  in- 
stalling an  automatic  elevator  in 
four-story  building,  $2800;  direct 
automatic,  about  $2700. 

Excavation — 

Sand,  50  cents;  clay  or  shale,  SOc 
per  yard. 

Teams,  $10.00  per  day. 

Trucks,  $18  to  $25  per  day. 

.4bove  figures  are  an  average  with- 
out water.  Steam  shovel  work  in 
large  quantities,  less;  hard  ma- 
terial, such  as  rock,  will  run  con- 
siderably  more. 

Fire  Escapes— 

Ten-foot  balcony,  with  stairs, 
$75.00  per  balcony,  averag>e. 

Glass  (consult  with  manufacturers)— 
Double   strength  window  glass.   15c 

per  square  foot. 
Quartz  Lite,  SOc  per  square  foot. 

Plate  75c  per  square  foot. 
Art,  $1.00  up  per  square  foot. 
Wire    (for  skylights),   3  5c   per  sq. 

foot. 
Obscure  glass,  26c  square  foot. 
Xote — Add  extra  for  setting. 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  September.  1934 


Ilcalins' — 

Average,   $1.90  per  sq.   ft.  of  radia- 
tion, according  to  conditions.  

Iron— Cost    of    ornamental    iron,    cast 
iron.   etc..  depends   on   designs. 

Lumber  (prices  delivered  to  bldg.  site) 

No.   ic-rnon   ilill'.^O  Ter  M 

1x4   No.   2  flooring  VG   50.00  per  M 

1x4  No.   3  flooring  VG   45.00  per  M 

1x6  No.   2  flooring  VG   50.00  per  M 

l>ix4  and  6,   No.   2   flooring  52.00  per  M 

Slash  grain— 

1x4  No.   2  flooring  - WO.OO  per  M 

1x4   No.    3   flooring   36.00  per  M 

No.  1  common  run  T.  &  G 40.00  per  M 

Lath     5.60  per  M 

Shingles   (add  cartage  to  prices 
quoted)  — 

Redwood.  No.  1     S  1-00  P™  bdle. 

Redwood.  No.   2     L^P"''^^'- 

Red    Cedar    35  per  bdle. 

Hardwood  Flooring  (delivered  to 
building) — 

13-16X3U"   T   &  G   Maple $120.00  M  ft. 

1    1-I6x2i,i"   T   &  G   Maple   132.00  M  ft. 

Tsx3V>   sq.  edge  Maple  140.00  M  ft. 

13-16x214"     %x2"     6-16x2" 
T&G  T&G       Sq.Ed. 

Clr.  Qtd.  Oak  ....$200.00  M  $150.00  M  $180  M 
Sel  Qtd  Oak  ....  140.00  M  120.00  M  135  M 
Clr'  Pla  Oak  ....  135.00  M  107.00  M  120  M 
Sel'    Pla     Oak   ....   120.00  M        88.00  M     107  M 

Clear  Maple  140.00  M     100.00  M 

Laying  &  Finishing  13c  ft.  lift.  10  ft. 
Wage— Floor  layers.  $7.60  per  day. 

Building  Paper— 

1  ply  per  1000  ft.  roll  S3.50 

2  ply   per  1000  ft.  roll  5.00 

3  ply    per    1000    ft.    roll 6-25 

Brownskin.  500  ft.   roll J -20 

Pro-tect-o-mat.    1000   ft.    roll    12-00 

Sisalkraft,    500   ft.    roll ...--- -5.00 

Sash  cord  com.  No.  7  $1.20  per  100  ft. 

Sash  cord  com.  No.  S  1.50  per  100  ft. 

Sash  cord  spot  No.   7   1.90  per  100  ft. 

Sash   cord  spot  No.   8  2.25  per  100  ft. 

Sash    weights   cast    iron.    $50.00    ton 

Nails.    $3.50   base. 
Sash  weights.  $45  per  ton. 

Millwork — 

O.    P.    SIOO.OO    per    1000.    R.    W., 
$106.00  per  1000   (delivered). 
Double    hung    box    window    frames. 
average,  with  trim,  $6.50  and  up, 
each. 
Doors,  including  trim  (single  panel. 
1%    in.    Oregon    pine)    $8.00    and 
up,  each. 
Doors,    including    trim    (five    panel, 
134  in.  Oregon  pine)  ?6.50  each. 
Screen  doors,  $4.00  each. 
Patent  screen  windows,  25c  a  sq.  ft. 
Cases  for  kitchen  pantries  seven  ft. 
high,  per  lineal  ft.,   $6.50  each. 
Dining  room  cases,  $7.00  per  lin- 
eal foot. 
Labor— Rough  carpentry,  warehouse 
heavy     framing     (average), 
$12.00  per  M. 
For  smaller  work  average,  $27.50 
to   $35.00  per  1000. 


65 


Marble — (See  Dealers) 

riiintiii^' — 

Two-coat  work  29c  per  yard 

Three-coat  work  4'Oc  per  yard 

Cold  Water  Painting  10c  per  yard 

Whitewashing  4c  per  yard 

Turpentine,  80c  per  gal.,  in  cans  and 

75c  per  gal.  in  drums. 
Raw   Linseed   Oil-^80c   gal.   in   bbls. 
Boiled  Linseed  Oil — 8'5c  gal.  in  bbls. 
Medusa  Portland  Cement  Paint,  20c 

per  lb. 
Carter  or   Dutch   Boy  AVliite  Lead  in 

Oil   (in  steel  kegs). 

Per  Lb. 
1  ton  lots,  100  lbs.  net  weight  10%c 

500  lb.  and  less  than  1  ton  lots  lie 

Less  than  i500  lb.  lots ll%c 

Dutch  Roy  Dry  Ued  Lead  and 

Litharge  (in  steel  kegs). 
1  ton  lots,  100  lb.  kegs,  net  wt.  10%c 
500  lb.  and  less  than  1  ton  lots  lie 

Less  than  50-0  lb.  lots ll%c 

Ued  Lead  in  Oil  (in  steel  kegs) 

1  ton  lots,  IW  lb.  keg  s.net.  wt.  12%c 
500  lb.  and  less  than  1  ton  lots  12%c 

Less  than  50fl  lb.  lots 13c 

Note — Accessibility    and    conditions 

cause  wide  variance  of  costs. 

Patent  Cliiiiineys — 

6-inch $1.0'0  lineal  foot 

8-inch 1.50  lineal  foot 

10-lnch 1.75  lineal  foot 

12-inch 2.00  lineal  foot 


Plastering— Interior — 

Yard 

1  coat,  brown  mortar  only,  wood  lath.... $0.60 

2  coats,    Hnie   mortar  hard   finish,   wood 
lath     70 


2  coat.s,   hard  wall   plaster,   wood   lath....$  .80 

3  coats,  metal  lath  and  plaster  1.25 

Keene  cement  on  metal  lath  1.30 

Oilitigs  with  %  hot  roll  channels  metal 

lath     75 

Ceilinps  with   ^  hot  roll  channels  metal 

lath   pJastered  1.50 

Shingle  partition  %  channel  lath  1  side  .85 
riinfie   partition  %   channel   lath  2  sides 

2  inches  thick  2.75 

4-inch   double   partition   %   channel   lath 

2    sides    1.30 

4-in<h   double  partition    %    channel  lath 

2  sides  plastered  3.00 

Plastering — l-xlerior —  Yard 

2    coats    <-enient     finish,    brick    or    con- 
crete   wall    $1.10 

2  coats    Atlas    cement,    brick    or    con- 
crete   wall    1.35 

3  coati    cement    finish    No.     18    gauge 
wire   mesh    1.50 

3    coats    Medusa    finish    No.    18    gauge 

wire   mesh   2.00 

Wood    lath.    .fS.SO    per    1000. 

2.5-lb.    metal   lath    (dipped) 17 

2.5-lb.    metal   lath    (galvanized) 20 

3.4-lb.   metal   lath    (dipped) —       .22 

3.4-lb.   metal   lath    (galvanized) 28 

%-inch  hot  roll  channels.   $72  per  ton. 
Finish    plaster,    $18.90   ton ;    in    paper   sacks. 
Dealer's   commission,   $1.00   off   above 
■    quotations. 

$13.86    (rebate  10c  sack). 
Lime,   f.o.b.   warehouse.   $2.25bbl.  icars,  $2.15 
Lime,   bulk    (ton   2000   lbs.),   $16.00  ton. 
Wall  Board  5  ply.  $50.00  per  M. 
Hvdrate    I.itie.    S19.60    ton. 

Plasterers   Wage   Scale  $1.25  per  hour 

Lathers    Wage    Scale    1.25  per  hour 

Hod   Carriers   Wage  Scale  1.10  per  hour 

Composition   Stucco — .U-SO    to   ,«2.0  0 

sq.   yard    (applied). 

I'Jiiniiiin!; — 

From  $65.00  per  fixture  up,  ac- 
cording to  grade,  quantity  and 
runs. 

Roofing— 

"Standard"  tar  and   gravel,   $6.00 

per  sq.   for   30   sqs.   or  over. 
Less  than   30  sqs.   $6.50   per  sq. 
Tile,  |20.0'0  to  $®5.00  per  square. 


Redwood  Shingles,  |11.00  per  square 
in  place. 

Cedar   Shingles,   $10   sq.  in   place. 

Recoat.    with    Gravel,    .$3.00    per   sq. 

Slate,  from  $2i5.00'  to  $'&0.00  per  sq. 
laid,  according  to  color  and 
thickness. 

Sheet    Metal— 

Windows— Metal,  $2.00  a  sq.  foot. 
Fire    doors    (average),    including 
hardware,  $2.00  per  sq.  ft. 

Slsylights- 

Copper,  90c  sq.  ft.  (not  glazed). 
Galvanized    iron,    25c    sq.    ft.     (not 
glazed). __^ 

Steel — Stmctnral 

$100  ton  (erected),  this  quotation 

is  an  average  for  comparatively 

small    quantities.     Light    truss 

work    higher.     Plain    beams    and 

column   work   in   large   quantities 

$80    to   ^9iO    per    ton    cost    of   steel; 

average    building.    $89.00. 

Steel  Reinforcing — 

'$8i5.00  per  ton,  set,  (average). 

Stone- 
Granite,   average,   $6.50   cu.   foot   in 

place. 
Sandstone,      average      Blue,      $4.00, 

Boise,  $3.00  sq.  ft.  in  place. 
Indiana  Limestone,  $2.80  per  sq.  ft. 

in  place. 

Store   Fronts- 
Copper   sash    bars   for   store   fronts, 
corner,   center   and   around    sides, 
will   average   75c   per   lineal    foot. 
.Vote — Consult  with  agents. 

Tile  —  Floor,  Wainscot,  Etc.  —  (See 

Dealers). 


SAN    FRANCISCO    BUILDING    TRADES    WAGE    SCALE    FOR    1933 


Established  by  The  Impartial  Wage  Board  November  9,  1932.    Effective 
long  thereajter  as  economic  co\ 


■dili, 


k  January  1,   1933,  to 

substantially  unchanged. 


effect  until  June  30,  1933,  and  jot  so 


skill 


CRAFT  Mechan 

Asbestor     Workers    $6.40 

Bricklayers     9.00 

Bricklayers'  Hodcarriers   5.60 

Cabinet   Workers    (Outside)    7.20 

Caisson  Workers   (Open)  Water  Work...     8.00 

Carpenters    7.20 

Cement    Finishers    7.20 

Cork   Insulation    Workers   7.20 

Electrical    Workers    8.00 

Electrical  Fixture  Hangers  7.00 

EIcTator    Constructors    8.68 

Elevator    Constructors'    Helpers    6.08 

Eneineers,    Portable   and    Hoisting    8.00 


(Out. 


Glass  Workers  (All  Classifications) 

Hardwood   Floormen   

Housemovers    

Honsesmiths,    Architectural    I 

side)   

Housesmiths,     Reinforced     Concrete,     or 

Rodmen     7.20 

^Established  by  Special  Board 


eight-hour  day  and  is  to  be  considered   as   a    minimu 
ft  knowledge   may  be   paid   in  excess  of  the  amounts 
Journeyman  Joumeymai 

CRAFT  Mechanics 

Iron   Workers    (Bridge  and  Structural)..     9.60 

Iron  Workers   (Hoisting  Engineers)   10.00 

Laborers    (6-day   week)    5.00 

Lathers,    Channel   Iron    8.00 

Lathers,   All   Other  6.80 

Marble   Setters   8.00 

Marble    Setters'   Helpers   5.00 

MHIwrights     7.20» 

Mosaic  and  Terrazzo  Workers  (Outside)     7.20 

Mosaic  and   Terrazzo  Helpers   5.00 

Painters    7.00 

Painters.       Varnishers      and      Polishers 

(Outside)     7.00 

Pile    Drivers   and    Wharf   Builders    $  8.00 

Pile    Drivers    Engineers    9.00 

Plasters     and    Hodcarriers     (See    wage 
scale   under   Plastering). 

Plumbers    8.00 

Roofers    (All   classifications)    6.40 

Sheet  Metal  Workers  7.20 

Sprinkler   Fitters   9.00 

Steam   Fitters   8.00 


and 


ployees 
forth  herein. 
CRAFT 


uperior 


6.80 
7.20* 
6.40 

7.20 


Journeyman 
Mechanics 

Stair  Builders  7.20* 

Stone  Cutters,  Soft  and  Granite  6.80 

Stone   Setters,  Soft  and  Granite   

Stone   Dcrrickmen   ... 

Tile  Setters    

Tile   Setters'   Helpers 

Tile.  Cork  and  Rubber 

Welders,     Structural     Steel     Frame 

Buildings    ... 
Welders,    All    Others   on    Buildings    . 
Auto  Truck  Drivers — Less  than  2,500  lbs. 
Auto      Truck      Drivers — 2,500      lbs.      to 

4.500    lbs S.OO 

Auto      Truck      Drivers— 4.500      lbs.      to 

6.500   lbs 6.50 

Auto  Truck  Drivers — 6,500  lbs.  and  over     7.00 

General  Teamsters,    1    Horse   5.50 

General  Teamsters,  2  Horses  6.00 

General   Teamsters.   4    Horses   6.50 

Plow  Teamsters.  4   Horses  6.50 

Scraper  Teamsters,   2   Horses   6,00 

Scraper   Teamsters,   4    Horses   6.00 


7.20 


9.60 
8.00 
5.50 


GENERAL    WORKING     CONDITIONS 


1.  Eight  hours  shall  constitute  a  day's  work 
for   all    crafts,    except   as   otherwise   noted. 

2.  Where  less  than  eight  hours  are  worked 
pro  rata  rates  for  such  shorter  period  shall 
be   paid. 

3.  Plasterers'  Hodcarriers.  Bricklayers*  Hod- 
carriers, Roofers'  Laborers  and  Engineers, 
Portable  and  Hoisting,  shall  start  15  min- 
utes before  other  workmen,  both  at  morn- 
ing and  at  noon. 

4.  Five  days,  consisting  of  not  more  than 
eight  hours  a  day.  on  Monday  to  Friday 
inclusive,    shall    constitute    a    week's   work. 

5.  The  wages  set  forth  herein  shall  be  con- 
sidered as  net  wages. 

6.  Except  as  noted  the  above  rates  of  pay  ap- 
ply only  to  work  performed  at  the  job 
site. 

costs    in    excess    of    twenty- 
way   shall   be   paid   by   the 


7.  Transportatic 
five  cents  ea 
contractor. 

8.  Traveling  tir 
half   hours   e 


excess  of  one   and   one- 
way  shall  be   paid  for   at 
straight  time  rates. 
NOTE:    Provision  of  paragraph  13  appearing  ii 
Wrights,    or   Stair    Builders. 

66 


9.  Overtime  shall  be  paid  as  follows:  For 
the  first  four  hours  after  the  first  eight 
hours,  time  and  one-half.  All  time  there- 
after shall  be  paid  double  time.  Satur- 
days (except  Laborers),  Sundays  and  Holi- 
days from  12  midnight  of  the  preceding 
day.  shall  be  paid  double  time.  Irrespec- 
tive of  starting  time,  overtime  for  Cement 
Finishers  shall  not  commence  until  after 
eight  hours  of   work. 

10.  On  Saturday  Laborers  shall  be  paid 
straight  time  for  an  eight-hour  day. 

11.  Where  two  shifts  are  worked  in  any 
twenty-four  hours,  shift  time  shall  be 
straight  time.  Where  three  shifts  are 
worked,  eight  hours'  pay  shall  be  paid 
for  seven  hours  on  the  second  and  third 
shifts. 

12.  All  work,  except  as  noted  in  paragraph 
13,  shall  be  performed  between  the  hours 
of  S  A.   M.   and  5  P.   M. 

13.  In  emergencies,  or  where  premises  cannot 
be    vacated     until     the    close    of    butiness, 

brackets  (   )  does  not  apply   to    Carpenters.    Cabinet 


men  reporting  for  work  shall  work  at 
straight  time.  Any  work  performed  on 
such  jobs  after  midnight  shall  be  paid 
time  and  one-half  up  to  four  hours  of 
overtime  and  double  time  thereafter  (pro- 
vided, that  if  a  new  crew  is  employed  on 
Saturdays.  Sundays  or  Holidays  which  has 
not  worked  during  the  five  preceding  work- 
ing days,  such  crew  shall  be  paid  time 
and  one-half.  No  job  can  be  considered 
as  an  emergency  job  until  it  has  been 
registered  with  the  Industrial  Association 
and  a  determination  has  been  made  that 
the  job  falls  within  the  terms  of  this 
section) . 

14.  Recognized  holidays  to  be:  New  Year's 
Day,  Decoration  Day.  Fourth  of  July, 
Labor  Day,  Admission  Day,  Thanksgiving 
Day.    Christmas   Day. 

15.  Men  ordered  to  report  for  work,  for 
whom  no  employment  is  provided  shall  be 
entitled   to   two   hours'  pay. 

16.  This  award  shall  be  effective  in  the  City 
and  County  of  San  Francisco. 

Workers    (Outside).    Hardwood    Floormen,    Mill- 

The  Architect  and  Engineer.  September.  1934 


385.  Beverly  Hills  131.  Chico  60,  Fresno  287. 
Glendale  307,  Hollywood  134,  Long  Beach  883, 
Los  Angeles  City  5025,  Modesto  126,  Oakland 
1049,  Pasadena  565,  Palo  Alto  149,  Pomona  88, 
Redwood  City  100,  Riverside  131,  Sacramento 
465,  San  Bernardino  109,  San  Diego  777,  San 
Francisco  2502,  San  Jose  436,  San  Mateo  102, 
San  Pedro  92,  Stockton  206,  and  Vallejo  100. 

In  the  enforcement  division,  considerable  acti- 
vity was  registered  during  the  past  month,  with  a 
total  of  75  formal  complaint  cases  being  sub- 
mitted to  the  Registrar  for  adjudication  and  final 
settlement.  These  cases  involved  a  total  of  $104.- 
986  in  building   construction   projects. 

On  these  complaint  cases.  29  hearings  were 
conducted  during  the  month,  resulting  in  the  revo- 
cation of  the  licenses  of  three  contractors  who 
were  found  guilty  of  operating  in  an  illegal  or  un- 
ethical manner,  in  violation  of  State  law.  In 
addition,  the  licenses  of  12  contractors  were 
suspended. 

Licenses  were  denied  two  applicants  because  of 
their  inability  to  prove  good  reputation  and  char- 
acter at  formal  hearings.  Three  other  contractors 
won  their  license  appeal  at  formal  hearings,  how- 
ever. Three  contractors,  whose  licenses  had  been 
previously  suspended,  were  reinstated. 

A  total  of  33  cases,  involving  contractors  found 
operating  without  registering,  were  pending  in 
the  lower  courts  during  the  month,  resulting  in 
convictions  being  obtained  in  16  cases,  while  two 
cases  were  dismissed. 

With  the  record  number  of  applications  for 
license  renewals,  the  1934-35  register  of  licensed 
California  contractors  has  just  been  published, 
with  the  names,  license  numbers,  addresses  and 
personnel  of  all  licentiates.  The  compilation  is 
being  offered  for  sale  at  $3.50  per  copy  in  order 
to  defray  cost  of  publication. 


BUILDERS  HOLD  CONVENTION 

The  eighth  annual  convention  of  the  California 
State  Builders'  Exchange  was  held  at  Long  Beach 
August  31  and  September  1.  Sessions  were  held 
morning  and  afternoon  each  day.  starting  at  10 
a.  m.  Friday,  with  a  construction  industry  banquet 
Saturday  evening  as  the  final  event  on  the  pro- 
gram. 

State  President  P.  M.  Sanford  of  Richmond 
presided.    The  following  subjects  were  discussed: 

"Code  Coordination,"  A.  S.  Grant.  National 
Code  Coordinating  Committee. 

"Enforcement  of  State  Compensation'  Act." 
Wm.  A.  Wilson.  C.E..  State  Department  Indus- 
trial  Relations. 

"National  Housing  Act."  Fred  W.  Marlow. 
Federal  District  Director. 

The  Architect  and  Engineer.  September,  1934 


Proiecl 


hot  and  cold 
water  lines 


Whether  in  office  or  pubHc  building,  hospital, 
school  or  residence,  you  can  install  Duro- 
line  Pipe  in  hot-  and  cold-water  supply  lines  and 
forget  about  corrosion.  Duroline  is  a  highly  im- 
proved cement  lining,  developed  with  one  pur- 
pose in  mind— to  prevent  the  destructive  action 
of  waters  and  solutions  that  rust,  corrode,  or 
otherwise  attack  unprotected  metal  pipe.  You 
obtain  with  Duroline  Pipe,  therefore,  freedom 
from  corrosion  and  tuberculation  with  the 
strength,  convenient  joints,  and  other  desirable 
features  of  steel  pipe.  You  obtain  this  at  a  nomi- 
nal cost— in  fact,  just  a  trifle  higher  than  galva- 
nized pipe.  A  bulletin  describes  in  detail  the  de- 
velopment and  advantages  of  Duroline  Pipe. 
Write  for  it! 
NATIONAL  TUBE  CpMPANY  •  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Subsidiary  of  United  ^  States  Steel  Corporation 

Pacific  Coast  Distributors 
COLUMBIA   STEEL    COMPANY     •     San  Francisco,  Calif. 


NATIONAL 

DUROLINE  PIPE 


67 


GET      THE      FACTS 

When  you  want  complete  information  on  an  Oil 
Burner  for  domestic  service,  you  will  find  this  informa- 
tion conveniently  arranged  in  our  new  catalog 
No.  34-H. 

It  covers  sizes,  capacities,  oil  consumption,  ignition, 
and  oil  feed  so  completely  that  you  can  readily  select 
the  correct  burner  for  any  given   application. 

All  burners  are  fully  illustrated  and  construction  details 
and  methods  of  operation  are  fully  covered.  You  need 
a  copy  of  our  new  catalog  No.  34-H  to  complete  your 
files.     Why   not  write   for  it  today? 

S.  T.  JOHI\SO]\  COMPANY 

940    ARLINGTON     AVENUE 
OAKLAND,         CALIFORNIA 


"State  Contractors  License  Law  Amendments," 
L,  F.  Danforth,  State  Contractors  License  Bureau. 

Friday  evening  an  open  meeting  was  held,  at 
which  the  Builders  Exchange  legislative  represen- 
tatives were  present.  Discussions  were  led  by  W. 
H,  George  of  San  Francisco  and  Ralph  Homann 
of  Los  Angeles. 

Colonel  Carlos  W.  Huntington,  director  of  the 
State  Department  of  Professional  and  Vocational 
Standards,  officiated  as  toastmaster  at  the  banquet 
Saturday  evening  in  the  Masonic  Temple.  Acting 
Governor  Frank  B.  Merriam  was  the  guest  of 
honor  and  speaker  of  the  evening.  Addresses  were 
also  made  by  Earl  Lee  Kelly,  state  director  of 
public  works,  and  Captain  Robert  Henderson, 
president  of  the  Long  Beach  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce. 


DR.  FOSTER  TO  SPEAK 
Sponsored  by  the  Producers'  Council  Club  of 
Northern  California,  a  joint  luncheon  meeting 
of  architects,  engineers  and  members  of  the  Pro- 
ducers' Council  Club  will  be  held  at  the  Com- 
mercial Club  on  Monday  September  24th,  at 
12:15  o'clock. 

The  speaker  will  be  Dr.  H.  Foster  Bain,  Man- 
aging Director  of  the  Copper  and  Brass  Research 
Association,  who  is  coming  from  New  York  to 
attend  the  American   Mining  Congress,  Western 


■*^ 

;i 

& 

^ 

\ 

^ 

1 

h^"- 

f4 

t 
a.  ■ 

T^ 

r 

HAWS 

Sanitary  Drinking  Fountains 
(or  Schools 

We  cntolog  battery  type  foun- 
tains  that   are    vandal-proof! 


Haws  Sanitary  Drinl<ins  Faucet  Co. 

18n8  H.VRMON  STREET.  BERKELEY 


The    only    Building    Paper    with    a    Factor    of    Safety 


B 


ROWNSKIM 

Resilient  Waterproof      I   ^| 
Building     Paper     JL    ^ 


Resilient  BROWNSKIN  stretches  and 
conforms  to  jjuildin"  strains  without  split- 
ting, tearing  or  dragging  from  the  nails, 
there]>y  constituting  a  permanent  protec- 
tive insulation,  a  "Factor  of  Safety"  dur- 
ing the  entire  life  of  the  building. 

Only  Resilient  BROWNSKIN  offers  all 
these  advantages.  Try  BROWNSKIN  once 
and  you  will  find  the  one  thoroughly  satis- 
factory paper  for  all  future  work. 

Manufactured  and  Distributed  by 

ANGIER      CORPORATION 

Framingham,  Mass. 


San  Francisco 

269  Potrero  Avenue 

HEmlock  4100 


Los  Angeles 

539  So.  Clarence  St. 
ANgelus  11486 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  September.  1934 


Division  meeting  here.  A  great  deal  of  the  re- 
search and  promotional  work  of  the  association, 
which  is  supported  by  the  major  copper  compan- 
ies, has  to  do  with  the  building  industry.  Dr. 
Bain  will  tell  of  some  very  recent  developments 
in  the  application  of  copper  and  copper  alloys 
in  building,  and  other  things  of  interest  to  arch- 
itects and  engineers.  He  is  also  familiar  with 
the  economic  and  political  situation  as  it  affects 
the  building  industry,  and  coming,  as  he  does, 
fresh  from  the  East,  is  likely  to  have  some  very 
interesting  things  to  say. 

Dr.  Bain  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Engi- 
neers' Club  of  San  Francisco. 


PROMOTED 

C.  E.  Helms,  first  vice  president  of  the  Chas. 
McCormick  Company,  has  announced  the  appoint- 
ment of  C.  M.  Freeland  as  assistant  general  sales 
manager  of  the  company,  with  headquarters  in 
San  Francisco. 

W.  B.  Wickersham  succeeds  Mr.  Freeland  as 
district  sales  manager  in  Los  Angeles. 

Both  officials  have  been  associated  with  the 
Chas.  R.  McCormick  Lumber  Company  for  a  good 

many  years.  

SAN  JOSE  AUDITORIUM 

New  bids  will  be  received  until  October  8  for 
the  construction  of  San  Jose's  $400,000  municipal 
auditorium. 


BUILD 
W  E  LL— ^ 

A  PROPERLY  designed  and  well  built 

building  is  a  credit  to  any  city  and 

a  worth  while  investment  for  its  owner. 

Such  structures  are  the  Stand- 
ard Oil  Building,  Matson 
Building,  Four-Fifty  Sut- 
ter Street,  Stock  Exchange, 
S.  F.  Base  Ball  Park,  Mills 
Tower,  Opera  House  and 
Veterans'  Memorial,  San 
Francisco,  and  other  notable 
structures — all  built  or  super- 
vised by  — 

Liiidgren  &  Swiiierton,  Inc. 


Standard  Oil  Building 
San  Francisco 


605  W.  Tenth  Street 
Los  Angeles 


"Be  want  to  remodel  our  home."  And  when 
clients  say   that,   we  know  you  aren't  too  en- 
thusiastic.    It's  going  to  cost  more  than 
they  think.     And  there  are  practical  dilli- 
culties  galore  -  all  for  veiy  little  return 
to  you. 

But  most  architects  being  optimistic,  will 
taJce  the  assignment  and  hope  for  a  few  lucky 
breaks.     Let  us  point  out  one  veiy  obvious 
iaprovement  which  the  owner  will  be  mighty 
glad  to  agree  to:     The  re-wiring. 

We  know  of  nothing  which  adds  more  convenience 
and  more  chaim  to  an  older  dwelling  than  a 
thorough  modernization  of  the  lighting  and 
electrical  eyetem. 

This  Bureau  has  prepared  basic  re-wiring  plans 
which  might  save  you  time.     We  have  also   ar-_ 
^ged  tTissue  re-wiring  certificates  as  evi- 
dence for  the  owner  that  his  home  is  properly 
and  adequately  wired.     In  numerous  cases 
these  certificates  have  proven  of  tangible 
value  when  the  owner  caxi,e  to   sell  the  property. 
Please  write  us  if  we  can  be  of  service. 

Cordially  yours, 


'^:A^'^^J«^2t^i3a/;3w 


)u/uau 

447  SUTTER  ST.,  SAN   FRANCISCO 

601  W.  5th  ST.,  LOS  ANGELES 

Department  J-9 

p  S.     Not  limited  to  re-wiring  plans,  of 
course,   our  services  include  plans  and     Red 
Seal"  cerUficates  for  new  homes.     A  post 
card  win  bring  you  details.     This  offer 
limited  to  California  only. 

P.C.E.B. 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  September,  1934 


69 


The  new  Decatur 
De  Luxe  Lavatory, 
illustrated  here,  is 
representative  of 
the    MUELLER 
line  of  quality  vit' 
reous  china. 

MUELLER  CO. 

Decatur,    111. 

San   Francisco   Branch: 
1072-76  Howard  St. 

l^^^^^^^^^^s^H 

^H 

^H 

i 

The  Modern  Way — 
BUILD    WITH 


STEEL 


Protect  your  Investment  from 

Fire  and  Quake 

Structural  Steel  for  Buildings 

and  Bridges 


JUDSON-PACIFIC  CO. 

609  MISSION  STREET,  SAN  FRANOSCO 
DOuglas  4460 

Plants,  Snn  Francisco  and  Oakland 


DEHUMIDIFYING    AIR 
The  Bryant  Heater  Company,  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
has  acquired  exclusive  rights  to  Silica  Gel  and  all 
Silica  Gel  equipment  patents  for  comfort  air  con- 
ditioning. 

This  step  is  the  result  of  extensive  research  and 
analysis  of  air  conditioning  needs  and  require- 
ments which  have  disclosed  the  fact  that  if  it  is 
practical  and  economical  to  remove  the  excess 
moisture  from  the  air,  then  only  a  small  reduc- 
tion in  dry  bulb  temperature  is  necessary  to  give 
the  proper  feeling  of  comfort.  Further,  that  air 
conditioned  in  this  manner  avoids  the  sensation 
of  chill  or  dampness  that  often  otherwise  prevails 
in  the  space  involved.  In  other  words,  satisfac- 
tory comfort  air  conditioning  means  more  emphasis 
on  humidity  control  and  less  on  temperature  con- 
trol. This  research  and  development  have  been 
carried  on  under  the  sponsorship  of  the  Commit- 
tee on  Industrial  Gas  Research  of  the  American 
Gas  Association. 

The  dehumidification  of  air  which  this  prin- 
ciple involves  has  been  practically  and  satisfactor- 
ily solved  in  many  fields  by  the  application  of  the 
"dehydrating"  quality  of  Silica  Gel.  Over  a  period 
of  years.  Silica  Gel  equipment  has  been  developed 
and  successfully  operated  on  a  wide  range  of  in- 
dustries   where    it    was    necessary    to    reduce    the 


!*»»»»» 

u 

m 


iiiil 


APEX 

Z^ELECTRIC^ater 

HEATERS 

Send   for   Architect's   Catalogue 
Bathroom   Heaters  in  the   Standard 
Colors,   1000  to  2500  Watts 
^13.75  to  ^35.00 

APEX  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

1501  Powell  Street 

Emeryville.  Oakland,  Calif. 

Distributors 

Sandoval  Sales  Co. 

Phon;;  KEarny  7010 

557  Market  Street.  San  Francisco,  Calif 

Ape.x  Sales  Co. 

1855  Industrial  Street.  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

Phone  Mutual  9141 


Product  of 

CALIFORNIA  SHADE  CLOTH  CO. 

210  Bayshore  Blvd.,  San  Francisco 

Manufacturers  of 

QUALITY  HAND  MADE  SHADE  CLOTH 
IN  ALL  GRADES 


Wholesale  Distributors 

SLOANE-BLABON  LINOLEUM 

AMBASS.A,DOR  VENETIAN  BLINDS 


CALL  ON  OUR  ENGINEERS 

AND 
RESEARCH     FACILITIES 

Unusual  tinilier  needs  can  be  supplied 
by  this  company  with  just  as  much 
speed  and  efficiency  as  if  the  order 
were  for  common  siding. 

It  makes  no  difference  whether  your 
problem  is  wharf  or  foundation  con- 
struction, power  transmission,  water 
supply  systems,  or  sewer  systems,  our 
engineers  and  research  facilities  are 
at  your  command  to  give  you  reliable 
information  and  advice. 

A  Phone  or  write  your  nearest 

A^  sales  representative. 

jjf^^C      HAS  •         R       • 

^^CORMICK 

^1^  LUMBER    =o- 

PICK    OF   THE  TALL  TREE     FORESTS 


Sales  Offices:  San  Francisco,  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 
Portland,  Ore.,  Seattle,  Wn. 

Mills  at  Port  Ludlow  and  Port  Gamble,  Wn.,  St.  Helens. 
Ore.   Plant  at  St.  Helens,  Ore. 


70 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  September,  1934 


moisture  content  of  the  air,— either  where  the  air 
was  used  for  process  purposes,  or  where  certain 
operations  were  performed  under  a  controlled  at- 
mosphere condition. 

Successful,  also,  have  been  a  number  of  Silica 
Gel  installations  of  air  conditioning  systems  in 
office  and  public  buildings,  restaurants,  homes, 
etc.,  where  the  primary  purpose  was  to  insure  the 
comfort  and  health  of  the  occupants. 

The  Bryant  Heater  Company,  in  purchasing  the 
Silica  Gel  process,  acted  on  the  conviction  that.it 
represents  the  farthest  step  forward  in  the  prac- 
tical and  direct  means  of  dehumidifying  air  for 
summer  air  conditioning  and  opens  up  the  greatest 
possibilities  for  the  development  of  summer  air 
conditioning  equipment  and  methods. 

The  above  principle  has  been  incorporated  in 
air  conditioning  equipment  which  includes  both 
room  cabinet  units  as  well  as  central  plants.  These 
will  be  popularly  priced  and  with  the  low  operat- 
ing cost  which  the  use  of  gas  affords,  the  pur- 
chaser is  assured  of  most  satisfactory  and  practi- 
cal air  conditioning   systems. 


$10,000  RESIDENCE 
B.   Reed   Hardman,   architect   of   Berkeley,   has 
completed  plans   for  a   $10,000  house   for  B.   N. 
Coates  and  to  be  built  on  Cragmont  Avenue,  that 


city. 


CROWN  CEMENT 
PRODUCTS,   LTD. 

1717 -17th  St.  HEralock5171 

San  Francisco 

•   •   • 

Manufacturers 


Certified  Vibrated  and 
Centrifically  movdded 
Concrete  Products 


K 


wm 


Rustless  Metal  Store  Fronts, 
Windows,  Doors,  Mouldings 
and    Architectural    Castings 

Good  buildinss  do  not  just  happen. 
They  come  as  a  result  of  working  with 
good  materials  and  with  a  knowledge 
of  how  to  apply  them.  Consult  an 
Architect. 

THE 


I 


ne& 


COMPANY 
OF    CALIFORNIA 

Berkeley,  California 


»Woocl  Carving 
►Architectural 
Modeling 


•  S.    BERGER 

390     9th     Street 

SAN     FRANCISCO,     CALIF. 
Phone     HEmlock     4462 


Recent  contracts  completed  — 

U.  S.  Marine  Hospital,  San  Francisco 

Ford  Assembly  Plants  at 

Seattle,  Long  Beach  and  Richmond 

Now  under  construction — Yerba  Buena  Tunnel  and  Oak- 
land  Approach   to    San   Francisco-Oakland   Bay    Bridge 


Clinton  Construction  Company 

of  California 

923  FOLSOM  STREET  SAN  FRANCISCO 

Telephone  SUtter  3440 


CAN  YOU  SPARE  YOUR  BACK 

NUMBERS  OF  THE  ARCHITECT 

AND  ENGINEER 

/or  November  and  December.    1933   and  Jan- 
uary,  1934?    If  you   can   the  Library  of  Con- 
gress will  be  grateful  for  them 

Mail  to    jj    g    Parsons 

Chief  Periodical  Division, 
Library  of  Congress,  ff'ashington,  B.C. 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  September.  1934 


FORDERHR 

Cornice  Works 

Manujacturers  of 
Hollow  Metal  Products 
Interior  Metal  Trim 
Elevator  Fronts  and  Cabs 
Metal  Wall  Plugs,  Anchors,  Etc. 
Sheet  Metal  Products 
Sanitary  Metal  Base 
Commercial  Refrigerators 
Building  Paper 
Metal  and  Wire  Accessories 

for  Concrete 

269  POTRERO  AVENUE 

San  Francisco,  Calif. 

HEmlocli  4100 

CONSULT  OUR  ENGINEERING 

DEPARTMENT 


Phone  GArfield  1164 

Hunter  &  Hudson 

Consulting  Engineers 
DESIGNERS  OF  HEATING 
AIR  CONDITIONING 
VENTILATING  AND  WIRING 
SYSTEMS,  MECHANICAL 
AND  ELECTRICAL  EQUIP- 
MENT OF  BUILDINGS 

41  SUTTER  STREET 

ROOM  710 

San  Francisco  California 


Melrose  Lumber 
&  Supply  Co. 


LUMBER  AND 
MILL   WORK 


46th  Ave.  and  E.  12th  St. 
Oakland 

Phones:  FRuitvale  0240  —  0251 


JOSEPH  MUSTO 

SONS-KEENAN 

COMPANY 

MARBLE 

and 

ONYX 


53;    NORTH   POINT   STREE" 

SAN   FRANCISCO 

1801  S.  SOTO  STREET 

LOS  ANGELES 


ENGINEERING  IN  RUSSIA 
"Some  Historical  Aspects  of 
Industrial  Development  and  En- 
gineering in  Russia,"  was  the  sub- 
ject of  an  interesting  talk  by  Dr. 
Boris  A.  Bakhmeteff  at  a  recent 
meeting  of  the  San  Francisco  Sec- 
tion, American  Society  of  Civil 
Engineers. 

The  speaker  said  it  is  a  difficult 
matter  to  give  a  clear,  impartial 
report  on  conditions  in  Russia  be- 
cause of  so  many  conflicting 
stories.  Even  the  man  who  visits 
Russia  finds  it  a  task  to  properly 
register  the  living  facts  which  he 
observes,  unless  he  possesses  a 
thorough  understanding  and 
knowledge  of  the  history  and  eco- 
nomic  conditions  of  the   country. 

Dr.  Bakhmeteff  was  born  in  the 
Caucasian  country  in  1880  and  be- 
came an  engineer  in  one  of  Rus- 
sia's most  interesting  periods, 
when  the  autocratic  government 
was  in  ascendency  and  distinctly 
not  acting  for  the  good  of  Rus- 
sian peasants.  At  that  time  this 
great  people  of  a  hundred  millions 
was  seeking  relief  from  the  depres- 
sing conditions  of  misgovernment. 
From  1861  to  the  end  of  the  world 
war  there  was  an  enormous  dyna- 
mic development  in  Russia,  this 
particularly  being  true  after  the 
Japanese  war  in  1905.  After  the 
formation  of  the  Duma  in  1907  the 
political  development  was  of  such 
a  character  that  in  the  early  part 
of  1 914  the  rights  of  the  laboring 
class  were  recognized  to  such  an 
extent  that  labor  representatives 
on  the  Duma  enjoyed  "free 
speech." 

The  thirty-year  period  preced- 
ing the  world  war  was  one  marked 
by  great  engineering  development, 
particularly  from  1905  to  1913. 
Large  water  power,  irrigation,  rail- 
road and  industrial  developments 
were  planned  and  construction 
started.  Dr.  Bakhmeteff  was  then 
chief  engineer  of  a  large  irriga- 
tion project  and  had  outlined  a 
scheme  for  connecting  all  the  riv- 
ers of  Russia  into  on  interconnect- 
ed water  way  so  that  barges  and 


P.    F.    REILLY 

Building 

Contractor 

and  Manager  of 

Construction 


730  ELLIS  STREET 
San  Francisco 

Telephone  TU.xedo  9656 


Good  BwiMim  gs  Deserve 
Good  Hard^w^are 


larkst  Street 

SUtter  6063 


HARDWOOD 

FLOORING 

HEADQUARTERS 

GOLDEN  STATE 

FLOORING 
CORPORATION 


C.  E.  COATES,  Manager 
SAN  FRANCISCO 

Rhode  Island  Street 

Bet.  16th  and  17th         PhoneMArket  3177 


Specify 

DICKEY 

ClAY 
PRODUCTS 


Dickey  MaatertiU 
Partition  Tile 
Drain  Tile 
Kireproofing  Tile 
Floor  Tile 
Common  Brick 


Face  Brick 
Fire  Brick 
Paving  Brick 
Wall  Coping 
Flue  Lining 
Dickey  Flashing  Blocka 


W.  S.  DICKEY  CLAY  MFG. 
COMPANY 

SAN  FRANCISCO 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  September.  1934 


Pacific 

Manufacturing 

Company 

High  Class  Interior  Finish 
Quality  Millwork 

454  Montgomery  St.      641  Merrill  Ave. 
San  Francisco  Los  Angeles 

GArfleld  7755  AXridge  9011 

1315  Seventh  Street.  Oakland 
GLencourt  7850 


SMITH 

Lumber  Company 

OF  OAKLAND 

Lmmlber  and  Mill  Work 


19TH  AVE.  AND  ESTUARY 
Oakland,  California 

FRuitvale  3174 


G  U  I  L  F  O  Y 
Cornice   Works 

General  Sheet  Metal 


Skyliglnts 
Fir©  Doors 

GUILFOY  CORNICE  WORKS 
1234   Howard   Street 

San   Francisco 
Phone:  MArket  0561 


TRANSIT-MIX 
CONCRETE 

A  Perfect'Blend 
Material 

Golden  Gate  Atlas 
Materials  Co. 

Sixteenth  and  Harrison  Streets 

San    Francisco 

Phone  HEmlocli  7020 


ships  would  be  able  to  go  most 
anywhere  in  the  country.  Dr. 
Bakhmeteff  has  come  to  the  defi- 
nite conclusion  that  if  the  minds 
of  those  persons  in  control  of  gov- 
ernmental affairs  were  developed 
in  the  same  manner  as  are  the 
minds  of  engineers,  then  many  of 
the  world's  worst  problems  could 
be  readily  solved. 

Russia  is  85%  agricultural.  Dr. 
Bakhmeteff  explained  the  develop- 
ment of  agriculture  in  Russia  and 
stated  that  in  1901  when  visiting 
an  agricultural  center  he  found 
labor  was  very  cheap  and  that  all 
farm  work  was  done  with  hand 
tools.  Many  years  later  when  vis- 
iting the  same  region  he  found  that 
these  hand  tools  had  been  sup- 
planted by  machines;  not  machines 
of  the  quality  used  in  America  but 
machines  built  by  village  smithies. 
Howveer.  they  were  several  times 
more  efficient  than  the  hand  tools. 
During  a  seven-year  transition 
stage  from  hand  tools  to  these 
crude  machines,  the  value  of  agri- 
culture developed  in  excess  of 
530%.  Labor  increased,  thus  im- 
proving the  purchasing  power 
which  constitutes  the  background 
of  the  present  development. 

No  country  in  the  world  paid 
a  greater  price  for  the  world  war 
than  did  Russia.  The  war  broke 
down  the  splendid  development 
that  was  started  with  the  Duma, 
and  then  followed  the  revolution 
and  socialistic  regime.  Revolutions, 
Dr.  Bakhmeteff  stated,  are  the 
greatest  curse  of  humanity  as  they 
produce  extremely  dangerous 
states  of  mind.  He  then  spoke  on 
the  question  of  governments  con- 
trolling industries  and  utilities  as 
opposed  to  private  ownership.  The 
cost  of  production  in  Russia  is 
very  much  higher  under  govern- 
ment ownership  than  it  was  under 
private  ownership,  being  now  four 
to  five  times  what  it  was  during 
the  period  of  the  Duma.  The  pres- 
ent great  problem  of  the  world  is 
the  competition  of  individualistic 
and  governmental  control  of  eco- 
nomic conditions.  This  problem 
should  be  studied  by  men  of  engi- 


YALE- 

B  U  I  L  D  E  R  S' 
LOCKS  AND 
HARDWARE 


Unsurpassed  Quality 
Security  -  Durability 

Distributed  by 

MARSHALL   -   NEWELL 
SUPPLY  CO. 

SAN  FRANCISCO.  CAHF. 


REPUBLIC  STEEL 

CORPOaATION 


Manujacturers  oj 
ENDURO    Stainless    Steel;    TON- 
CAN     Copper     Molybdenum     Iron 
Sheets    and    Pipe;    and    Steel    Pipe, 
Sheets     and     Reinforcing     Bar     for 
every  building  purpose. 
Write  for  information 
Rialto    Building,    San    Francisco,    Calif. 
Edison     Building,    Los    Angeles,    Calif. 
Smith    Tower    Building,    Seattle,    Wash. 


At  Eccucr  Press 

We  Print 

The  ARCHITECT  and 

ENGINEER 

"A  Thing  of  Beauty 
Is  a  Joy  Forever" 

942    HOWARD    STREET 
SAN    FRANCISCO 


Grinnell  Automatic 
SPRINKLER 

GRINNELL   COMPANY 

OF  THE  PACIFIC 


ENGINEERS  AND 
CONTRACTORS 


VALVES.   PIPE    and   FITTINGS 

601    BRANNAN  STREET 
San  Francisco 


The  Architect  and  Engineer,  September.  1934 


73 


Pump  Governs 
Safety  Pump 

Governors 
Automatic  Ga 

ulating  Val 
Gas  Burners 
Gas  Burning 

Equipment 
Vacuum  Pum 

Governors 
Vacuum  Regulating 

Valves 
Continuous  Flow 

Steam 

Traps 
Thermostats 
Reducing  Valves 
Boiler  Feed-Water 

Regulators 


rs        Oil  Heaters 
Relief  Valves 
Oil-Burner 

Reg-      Governors 

5S        Little  Giant 

Improved  Oil 
Burners 
Oil  Pumping  Sets 
Oil  Valves 
Oil  Strainers 
Steam  Oil  Strainers 
Duplex  Oil  Pumps 
Rotary  Oil  Pumps 
Boiler  Feed  Pumps 
Water  Heaters 
Oil  Meters 


VAUGHN-G.LWITTCo. 

ENGINEERS 

C.  W.  Vaughn,  President  and  Manager 

MANUFACTURERS  AND 
DISTRIBUTORS 

4224-28  HoUis  St.      Phone  OLympic  6084 
Emeryville,  Oakland,  Calif. 


Robert  W.  Hunt  Company 

ENGINEERS 

Inspection    -    Tests    -    Consultation 

Schools  and  Other  Structures 

Are  Built  as  Designed 

When    Construction    Materials    are 

Inspected  at  point  of  Mamilacttire 

and  durmg   Erection  by 

ROBERT  W.  HUNT  COMPANY 


Cement,  Concrete,  Chemical,  Metallurgicd, 
X'Ray   and  Physical   Laboratories 

Chicago      -      New  York      -      Pittsburgh 

Los  Angeles     -      All  Large  Cities 
San    Francisco,    251    Kearny    Street 


G.  P.  W.  Jensen  &  Son 


Building  Construction 


320  Market  Street,  San  Francisco 
Phone  2444 


neering  training  and  efficiency  and 
Dr.  BahkmetefF  believes  that  the 
findings  of  such  a  study  would 
show  that  efficiency  and  quality 
would  be  incomparably  lower  un- 
der governmental  control  than  it 
would  be  under  individualistic 
production. 

During  the  reign  of  the  Duma 
the  Russian  people  were  feeling 
more  and  more  that  they  were 
gaining  control  of  their  own  hap- 
piness. A  system  of  socialism  kills 
the  most  precious  legacy  a  people 
has,  that  of  liberty  and  freedom 
and  it  has  been  developing  in  Rus- 
sia for  more  than  twenty  centuries. 


"CREATIVE  DESIGN" 
The    first   issue    of    a    quarterly 
periodical,     Creative     Design,     is 
announced  by  the  magazine  Arts 
and  Decoration. 

The  new  publication  is  directed 
to  the  decorating  and  home  fur- 
nishing trade,  and  deals  only  with 
new  and  outstanding  develop- 
ments in  modern  design,  leaving 
merchandising  and  trade  news  to 
the  journals  of  the  individual  in- 
dustries. China  and  glass,  linen, 
silver,  furniture,  floor  coverings, 
blankets  and  bedding,  wall  cover- 
ings, lighting  fixtures  and  decora- 
tive accessories  are  all  covered  in 
the  editorial  pages. 


BARGAIN  HOMES 
If  present  plans  to  stimulate 
construction  mature,  a  typical 
home  that  would  have  cost  $9,500 
in  1929  will  cost  less  than  $7,000 
in  1934,  according  to  the  Ameri- 
can Builder.  Financing  charges 
will  be  18  to  25  per  cent  less. 
Real  estate  costs  will  be  lower,  by 
as  much  as  50  per  cent  in  some 
cases.  And  more  efficient  equip- 
ment and  better  planning  will  also 
produce  substantial  dividends  for 
the  home-builder. 

During  the  depression  construc- 
tion has  stood  still — ^but  architects 
and  designers  have  not.  The  five- 
room  home  of  today  has  the  same 
efficiency  as  the  six-room  home  of 
a   few   years  back,    due  to   better 


aSALKRAFT 

REG.  U.  S.  PAT.  OFF. 

"More  than  a 
building  paper" 


THE  SISALKRAFT  CO. 

205  West  Wacker  Drive 

(Canal  Station)    Chicago,  111. 

55  New  Montgomery  Street 

San  Francisco,  Calif. 


FERRY 

METAL 

SHELVING 

The   ideal    galvanised 

shelving  for  commer- 

cial refrigerator  in- 

stallations. 

Manufactured  by 

FERRY     SHEET 

METAL     WORKS 

INC. 

980  Folsom  St.             San  Francisco 

Telephone  KEarny  1573 

THE  TORMEY 
COMPANY 

GENERAL  PAINTERS 
AND  DECORATORS 

Phone  UNderhill  1913 


563  FULTON  STREET 
San  Francisco 


CRAN  E 

High  Class  Plumbing 

Fixtures 


All  Principal  Coast  Cities 


74 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  September.  1934 


McClintic-Marshall 
Corporation 


Subsidiary  o{ 
Bethlehem 


Steel 
Corporation 


STEEL  BRIDGES 
and  BUILDINGS 

110th    St.    &    Central    Ave. 
Los  Angeles,  Calif. 


IMULLEN  MFG. 
COMPANY 

BANK,   STORE  AND  OFRCE 

FIXTURES — CABINET  WORK 

OF  GUARANTEED  QUALITY 

CHURCH  SEATING 


Office  and  Factory: 

64   RAUSCH  ST..  Bet.  7th  and  8th  St». 

San  Francisco 

Telephone  HE  miock  2858 


LUXOR 

WINDOW     SHADES 

Translucent  Shading 

o[  highest  count 

cambric 


William  Volker  8C  Co. 

631  Howard  Street 
San  Francisco 


LEATHER-STEEL 

RUBBER-COCOA 

WOOD 

Mats  and  Mattings 

Ezy-Rug   Carpet-Tex 

Manufactured  and  Installed  by 

LEATHER 
MAT   MFG.  CO. 


340  Sansome  St. 


San  Francisco 


arrangement.  New  methods  have 
been  evolved,  new  ideas  created. 
That  means  that  the  homebuilder 
gets  a  better  break  than  he  ever 
got  before. 

There  isn't  an  industry  that 
wouldn't  benefit  from  stimulated 
domestic  construction.  Insurance, 
steel,  electric,  railroad,  lumber, 
paint,  cement — every  time  a  home 
is  built  money  is  released  that  goes 
into  their  coffers  and  thence  to  the 
pockets  of  workers.  It  is  reliably 
estimated  that  a  potential  $1,500,- 
000,000  of  capital  exists  that 
could,  under  favorable  circum- 
stances, be  turned  into  the  chan- 
nels of  home  construction.  If  that 
is  done,  employment  and  hard 
times  generally  will  take  a  serious 
set-back.  —  Michigan  Society  o[ 
Architects  Weekly  Bulletin. 


BUILDING  IMPROVES 
Building  permits  on  the  Pacific 
Coast  during  August  registered  a 
large  increase  over  July  and  were 
closely  comparable  to  those  of 
August,  1933,  according  to  the 
Monthly  Building  Survey  by 
H.  R.  Baker  &  Co.  Permits  dur- 
ing August  in  the  twenty-five  cit- 
ies reporting  largest  volume 
amounted  to  $4,560,051  compared 
with  $3,559,894,  or  a  gain  of  more 
than  One  Million  Dollars  over  the 
preceding  month.  Permits  during 
August,  1933.  amounted  to  $4,- 
929.459. 

The  volume  for  seventy-six  cit- 
ies reporting  in  August  1934  was 
$5,160,880  contrasted  with  $5,- 
848,878  in  August  1933.  Los  An- 
geles again  ranked  first  among  the 
twenty-five  leading  cities  and  was 
followed  by  Stockton,  whose  total 
of  $661,520  exceeded  San  Fran- 
cisco by  more  than  $50,000.  Sac- 
ramento ranked  fourth  and  was 
followed  by  Oakland,  Portland, 
Vancouver,  B.C.,  Seattle,  Beverly 
Hills  and  Long  Beach. 

Eight  cities  were  added  to  the 
twenty-five  reporting  largest  vol- 
ume of  building  permits  in  Au- 
gust. These  included  San  Jose, 
Torrance,  Colton,  San  Mateo, 
Inglewood,    Salt   Lake   City,   Mo- 


Tliere  are  no 

"unknown  factors' 

of    risk    when 
you  specify 

DUTCH 
BOY 


NATIONAL  LEAD  CO. 


San  Francisco       Oakland       Los  Angeles 
Seattie  Portland  Spokane 


DINWIDDIE 


Builders  of  the  new  gymna- 
sium, University  of  Cali- 
fornia; Grace  Cathedral, 
Russ  Building  and  Hartford 
Insurance  Building,  San 
Francisco;  Life  Science 
Building,  University  of  Cali- 
fornia, Berkeley. 

CROCKER  BUILDING 
SAN  FRANaSCO 


CarlT.DoellCo. 


Plumbing 
Heating 


Estimates  Furnished 


467  21ST  STREET 
OAKLAND 

Telephone  GLeiicourt  8246 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  September,  1934 


75 


desto  and  Burbank.  Cities  report- 
ing an  increase  in  August  over 
July  and  August,  1933,  included 
Stockton.  San  Francisco,  Sacra- 
mento, Vancouver,  B.C.,  San  Jose, 
Torrance,  Alameda.  Colton,  Spo- 
kane, San  Mateo.  Inglewood, 
Modesto  and  Burbank.  Those  re- 
porting increases  in  August  over 
July  alone  were  Portland,  Seattle, 
Glendale,  Berkeley,  Salt  Lake 
City.  Tucson  reported  an  increase 
in  August  over  August,  1933,  but 
not  over  July  of  this  year. 


BAR  WINNERS 
The  winners  of  $5,000  in  cash 
prizes  in  a  nation-wide  competi- 
tion for  new  ideas  for  bar  designs 
were  announced  by  the  jury  of 
awards  on  July  17th. 

The  prizes  were  given  by  Rob- 
ert F.  Bensinger,  president  of 
Brunswick-Balke-Collender  Com- 
pany, Chicago,  for  the  best  de- 
signs for  three  types  of  bars.  A 
total  of  117  cash  awards  were 
made  to  architects  and  designers 
in  all  parts  of  the  country.  The 
jury  was  composed  of  Harvey 
Wiley  Corbett  and  Ralph  Wal- 
ker, New  York  architects;  Benja- 
min Marshall  and  John  A.  Hola- 
bird,  Chicago  architects;  Ernest 
Byfield  of  the  Hotel  Sherman  and 
Karl  Eitel  of  the  Bismarck  Hotel; 
and  Mr.  Bensinger.  Angelo  R. 
Clas   was   professional   adviser. 

Designs  were  sought  for  a  de- 
luxe bar,  a  commercial  bar  and 
a  service  bar.  Maxfield  E.  Gluck- 
man,  of  New  York,  took  three 
prizes  totaling  $600.  He  won  the 
first  prize  of  $500  for  the  de  luxe 
bar,  the  third  prize  of  $75  for  the 
service  bar,  and  an  honorable 
mention  award  of  $25  for  the 
commercial  bar. 

M.  Righton  Swicegood,  of  New 
York,  won  the  second  major  por- 
tion of  the  awards.  He  took  first 
prize  of  $500  for  the  commercial 
bar,  an  honorable  mention  award 
of  $25  for  the  de  luxe  bar,  and 
an  honorable  mention  of  $25  for 
the  service  bar. 

Donald  M.  Douglas,  of  George- 
town,  Connecticut,   won   the   first 


76 


prize  of  $350  for  the  service  bar. 

Lyle  Reynolds  Wheeler,  of  Los 
Angeles,  won  a  total  of  $450  in 
prizes. 

Color,  chromium  and  mirrors 
worked  in  modernistic  design 
played  an  important  role  in  many 
of  the  designs.  The  first  prize 
winner  for  the  de  luxe  bar  called 
for  a  circular  bar  with  a  glass 
fountain  in  the  center  illuminated 
from  within.  The  bar  itself  is  of 
ebonized  wood  with  a  stainless 
steel  rail  and  the  face  of  the  bar 
is  illuminated  from  the  top  edge. 
The  center  bar  is  illuminated  by 
neon  tubes. 


TILE  COMPETITION 
The  competition  for  a  design 
of  "A  Post  Office  Lobby,"  re- 
cently held  by  the  quarry  tile  in- 
dustry under  the  professional  ad- 
visorship  of  Carl  P.  Dumbolton. 
was  judged  in  Washington,  D.C., 
with  the  following  awards: — First 
prize  —  Vernon  F.  Duckett  and 
Henry  S.  See.  Washington.  D.C.: 
Second  prize — S.  Thomas  Stathes. 
Washington.  D.  C.  Third  prize 
—  Harry  Francis  Cunningham. 
Washington.  D.  C;  Honorable 
Mention  —  H.  L.  Virnelson. 
Washington.  D.  C.  Edmund  W. 
Malczewski  and  Dan  W.  Twiddy. 
Washington.  D.  C.  Vernon  F. 
Duckett  and  Henry  S.  See. 
Washington.  D.  C;  Mention  — 
L.  C.  Page.  Jr..  Austin.  Texas, 
Oran  Jenkins.  Stinson  Beach. 
Marin  County,  California. 


NRA 

Direct  effects  of  NRA  codes  in 
stabilizing  business,  preventing  de- 
structive price-cutting,  increasing 
employment  and  purchasing  power 
and  raising  prices  from  loss  to 
profit  levels  are  demonstrated  by 
the  following  recovery  trends: 

There  were  40,180,000  persons 
employed  in  the  United  States  in 
June,  1934.  This  is  a  gain  of 
4.120.000  over  the  low  point  of 
March.,  1933.  and  an  increase  of 
2.320.000  over  June,  1933,  when 
NRA  became  operative.  Most  of 
this  rise  occurred  in  industries 
codified  under  NRA. 


K.  E.  Parker  Company 

BUILDING  CONSTRUCTION 
135   South   Park  San   Francisco 


Recent  Contracts  Com  pleted 

Christian  Science  Reading  Room 

Berkeley 

Post  Office  Building 

Napa 
Post  Office  Building 

Vallejo 
Post  Office  Building 

Oroville 
Post  Office  Building 

Oakland 

Post  Office  Building 

Marysville 


Contracts  Under  Construction 

Two  Warehouses 

Fort  Mason 

Three  Barracks  Buildings 

Hamilton  Field 

Ordnance  Warehouse 

Hamilton  Field 

U.  S.  Machine  and  Electric  Shop 

Bremerton,  Washington 

Terminal  "E"  Building 

Oakland 

Montgomery-Ward  Buildings 

Eureka  and  San  Jose 


MacDonald  &  Kahn 

General 
Contractors 

Financial   Center   Bldg. 

403  Montgomery  St. 

San   Frmnciico 


Andersom  &  Mimgrose 


General  Contractors 


320  Market  Street,  San  Francisco 
Phone  DO  uglas  1373 


The  Architect  and  Engineer.  September,  1934 


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