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Sacbact dfoUtge libiaci

HEIGHT LEOACY.

Oh hair (he income fram [hii I^ncy, which wu
received in iWo under the wUl of

JONATHAN BHOWN BRIGHT
nf WtUthini, MuHchoKUi, i> to be vipended fbr
tHMki Tor the College Libniy. The othet hilf ofthe

thS'unnunctmtnt°hM1 1£'

ARCH^OLOGICAL

AND HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS

RELATING TO THE COUNTIES OF

AYR AND WIGTON

I , \ ^

"i.iv.' ^ ^

j6o Copies Printed,

Of which this is No...f^.Z£,.

ARCH^OLOGICAL

AND

HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS

RELATING TO THE COUNTIES OF

AYR AND WIGTON

EDINBURGH

PRINTED FOR THE AYR AND WIGTON ARCIliEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
MDCCCLXXVIII

JUN 15 1914

Printed by R, dr* R, Clark

FOR

DAVID DOUGLAS, EDINBURGH.

AYESHIRE AND WIGTONSHIRE

AECHiEOLOaiCAL ASSOCIATION.

-4-M-

The earl of STAIR, K.T., F.S.A. Scot., Lord-Lieutenant

of Ayrshire and Wigtonshire.

The DUKE of PORTLAND.

The MARQUESS of BUTE, K.T., F.S.A. Scot.

The MARQUESS of AILSA.

The EARL of EGLINTON and WINTON.

The EARL of GALLOWAY.

The EARL of GLASGOW, RS.A. Scot.

The VISCOUNT DALRYMPLR

The Right Hon. Sir JAMES FER6USS0N, Bart., K.C.M.G.

The Right Hon. Sir J. DALRYMPLE-HAY, C.B., D.Ci., F.RS.

Sir M. SHAW- STEWART, Bart., Lord-Lieutenant of Renfrewshire.

Sir ANDREW AGNEW, Bart., of Lochnaw.

Sir WILLIAM WALLACE, Bart., of Lochryan.

Sir WILLIAM J. MONTGOMERY-CUNINGHAME, Bart., M.P.

Sir HERBERT MAXWELL, Bart., of Monreith.

Hjom feecretarp for SL]^v9i^ivt.

R. W. COCHRAN-PATRICK of Woodside, Beith, F.S.A. Scot.

!^am &ttvttav^ for QQlCgtonjaififr^

The Rev. G. WILSON, Glenluce, C3f.S.A. Scot.

C. G. SHAW, Esq., County Buildings. Ayr.

VI LIST OF MEMBERS.

JLifit of 9^tmUvfl.

AGNEW, Alexander, 11 Beform Street, Dundee.
Agnew, Sir Andrew, Lochnaw, Stranraer.
Agnew, R. Vans, of Bambarroch, M.P., Wigtonsliire.
AiLSA, Marquess of, Culzean Castle, Maybole.
AiTKEN, A., Solicitor, Stranraer.
AiTKEN, A. B., of Carsehead, Dairy.
Allan, Andrew, Munnoch, Dairy.
Anderson, J., Carthgale, Kilmarnock.
Andrew, Dr. Hugh, Kilwinning (deceased).
Armoxtr, John, junior. Architect, Irvine.
Armstrong, B. B., Junior Carlton Club, London.
Arthur, J. F. (C.S.I.), Lochside House, Cumnock.
Arthur, M., of Barshaw, Paisley.
AULD, Dr. Charles, Kilwinning.

BAILET, J. Lambert, Ardrossan.

Baird, J., 90 Begent Terrace, Stirling Boad^ Glasgow.

Baird, Mr&, of Cambusdoon, Ayr.

Ballantine, Alexander, 42 George Street^ Edinburgh.

Bartlemorb, J., of Bourtrees, Paisley.

Baxter, D., Ladybum, Kilkerran, Maybola

Begbie, W. M., Inverleith Bow, EdinburgL

BiGGART, Thomas, of Baidlands, Dairy.

Blair, Archibald, Surgeon, Dairy.

Blair, Captain, of Blair, Dairy, Ayrshire.

Blair, D. Hunter, of Dunskey, Blau^quhan, Maybole.

BoswELL, P. C. D., of Garallan, CumnocL

Boyd, Colonel Hay, of Townend, Symington.

Boyd, Rev. John, D.D., Seaview House, West Kilbride.

Boyle, Captain, of Shewalton, Dreghom.

Brisbane, C. T., of Brisbane, Largs.

Brown, D., Banker, Maybole.

Brown, D., Townend Cottage, Dairy.

Brown, George, Bumside, Irvine.

LIST OF MEMBEES. vii

Brown, J., Orangefield, Ayr.
Brown, J. T., Gibraltar House, Edinburgh.
Brown, Miss, of Lanfine, Newmilns.
Brown, Richard, Belair Villa, Ayr.
Brown, Eobert, Underwood Park, Paisley.
Buchanan, A., Barskinuning, Mauchline.
Bute, Marquess o^ Mount Stuart, Bothesay.

GAIKD, James, C.B., 3 6t. James* Square, London, S.W.

Cairnet, William, 1 1 Derby Terrace, Glasgow.

Galdwell, James, Craigielea^ Paisley.

Oamebon, Bailie, Maybola

Gamfbell, a., 270 Crownpoint Boad, Glasgow.

Gamfbell, Captain, of Glaisnock, Gumnock.

Gamfbell, Colonol, of Blythswood, Benfrew.

Gamfbell, John, Provost of Stranraer.

Gamfbell, R. F. F., of Craigie, Ayr.

Garbcent, J., LL.D., 32 Albany Street, Edinburgh.

Garruthebs, David, Market Lane, Kilmarnock.

Garuthers, J., Grain Merchant, Kilwinning.

Gathcabt, Miss, of Auchendrane, Ayr.

Glare, J. Gilchrist, Dabton, ThomhilL

Goghban, Mrs., of Ladyland, Beith.

GoMRiE, Alexander, Accountant, Dairy.

Conway, Rev. D., St. John's Chapel, Port-Glasgow.

GoNYNGHAM, Lord F., M.P., The Muirshiel, LochwinnocL

Cooke, J., Gazette Office, Paisley.

CoOFER, William, of Failford, Tarbolton.

CooFER, William &, younger of Failford, LL.M. Cantab.,

F.S.A. Scotland, Tarbolton.
CoFLAND, J., Public School, Kilwinning.
CoFLAND, James, General Register House, Edinburgh.
Cowan, Cuthbert, Banker, Ayr.
Cowan, Hugh, St Leonards, Ayr.

Cowan, Lord, Elmbank, Whitehouse Loan, Edinburgh (deceased).
Craig, James, Deanmount, Kilmarnock.

viii LIST OF MEMBERS.

Craig, William, Bumfoot, LochwinnocL

Craufurd, E. H. J., of Auchenames, West Kilbride.

Craufurd, Reginald, of Craufurdland, Braeliead, Cramond Bridge.

Crawford, Earl of, Haigli Hall, Wigan, Lancashire.

Crawford, Rev. J., Dairy.

Crawfurd, T. Macknight, of Cartsbum, Lauriston Castle,

Edinburgh.
Crichton, Major R 0., of Linn, Dairy.
Crichton, Sheriff, 13 Nelson Street, Edinburgh.
Crum, a., of Thomliebank, Glasgow.
CxJNiNGHAME, John, Walkinshaw, Paisley.
CUNINGHAME, Sir W. J. Montgomery-, Bart., M.P., of Corsehill,

Glenmoor House, Maybole.
CuNiNGHAME, William Allison, of Logan, Cumnock
CuNiNGHAME, W. C. Smith, of Caprington, Kilmarnock.
CURRTEHILL, Lord, Edinburgh.

DALRYMPLE, Viscount, Lochinch, Castle Kennedy, Wigtonshire.

Dalrtmple, C, M.P., Ardencraig, Rothesay.

Dalrymfle, C. E., Kinellar Lodge, Aberdeenshire.

Dick, J. T., 38 Sandgate Street, Ayr.

Dickie, Hugh, Rector, Academy, Kilmarnock.

Dickie, J., Town-Clerk, Irvine.

Dickson, T., General Register House, Edinburgh.

DoBBiE, Robert, MJ)., 3 Wellington Square, Ayr.

DoBES, J. Shedden, F.S.A. Scotland, Morishill, Beith.

Douglas, Alexander, Manufacturer, Kilmarnock.

Douglas, David, 9 South Castle Street, Edinburgh.

Douglas, J., M.D., Whithorn, Wigtonshire.

Drew, J., Doonhill, Newton-Stewart.

DuNLOP, Alexander, of Doonside, Priory Lodge, Laxgs.

Dunlop, David, Solicitor, Ayr.

DuNLOP, W. H., of Annanhill, Kilmarnock.

Dykes, Thomas, The Castle, Maybole.

EGLINTON AND WINTON, Earl of, Eglinton Castle, tvine.
Elder, George, Knock Castle, Largs.

LIST OF MEMBEBS.

FAULDS, A. Wilson, Knockbackle, BeitL
Ferguson, James M., Observer Office, Ayr.
Ferousson, Right Hoa Sir James, KC.M.G., of Eilkerran,

Maybole.
Fergusson, J. a., 39 Stockwell Street, Glasgow {deceased).
Fergusson, John, 13 Dixon Street, Glasgow.
FiNLAT, John, Greenfield, Alloway, Ayr.
FiNNiE, A., of Springhill, Ealmamock.
FiNNiE, William, of Newfield, Kilmarnock
Fleming, James, 83 Jamaica Street, Glasgow.
Flint, John N., 2 Montgomerie Terrace, Ayr.
Foster, W. K, 45 Leinster Gardens, Hyde Park, London, W.
Fraser, William, W.S., South Castle Street, Edinbuigh.

GAIBDINER, R, Thornton, Kilmarnock

Gairdiner, William, Dalblair House, Ayr.

Galloway, Earl of, Galloway House, Wigtonshire.

Gardner, William, Shawl Manufacturer, Paisley.

Geddes, G., Mining Engineer, Edinburgh.

Gemmell, Thomas, Banker, Ayr.

Gemmell, T. M., of Frankville, Ayr.

Gemmell, William, 150 Hope Street, Glasgow.

Gilchrist, M., Post-Office, Inverness.

Gillespie, J., Merchant, Kilwinning.

GiLMOUR, A., Solicitor, Irvine.

GiRVAN, J. Graham, 186 West George Street, Glasgow.

Glasgow, Bishop of, Ayr.

Glasgow, Earl of. The Garrison, MiUport

Glasgow, R B., of Montgreenan, Ayrshire.

(Joudie, £ar-Provo8t, Ayr.

Graham, J., of Broadstone, Stranraer.

Graham, T. D. Cuninghame, of Dunlop, Dunlop.

Grant, Rev. Alexander T., Bosslyn, Edinburgh.

Gray, G., Clerk of the Peace, Glasgow.

Gray, Robert, Stanley Cottage, Dairy.

Greg, R. P., Coles Park, Buntingford, Herts.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Gregory, J. S., Registrar, KJlmamock.
Greio, J. C.y Repliad, Stranraer.

HAMILTON, Captain, of Pinmore, Girvan.

Hamilton, Captain, of Rozelle, Ayr.

Hamilton, James, Wallace Bank, Kilmarnock.

Hamilton, J., Town-Clerk of Kilmarnock.

Hannah, A., Caimsmore, PoUockshields, Glasgow.

Hay, Right Hon. Sir John Dalrymple-, C.R, F.RS., D.C.L, of Pfi

Wigtonshire.
Hendrie, James, Meadowbank, Kilwinning.
HiGHET, H. Macgregor, Irvine.
Highet, William, Citadel Place, Ayr.
HowATSON, Charles, of Domel, Manchline.
Hunter, Andrew, Ayr.
Hunter, David, Sea Tower, Ayr.
Hunter, Evan A., Adamton, Monkton.
Hunter, John, Bumfoot, by Ayr.
Hunter, R., of Hunter, Hunterston, West Kilbride.

JOHNSTON, D., 160 West George Street, Glasgow.
Johnston, T. B., Geographer to the Queen, Edinburgh.
Johnstone, L, Gowanfield, Hurlet
Jonas, A-, Publisher, Kilmarnock.

KAY, R M., Clydesdale Bank, Ayr.

Keane, Rev. T., Irvine.

Keith, Rev. W. A,, Burham Vicarage, Rochester.

Kennedy, A., 13 Royal Crescent, Crossbill, Glasgow.

Kennedy, F. T. R, younger of Dunure, Ayr.

Kennedy, J., of Underwood, 71 Great King Street, Edinburgh.

Kennedy, J., yr. of Underwood, 71 Great King Street, Edinburgh.

Kenneth, R, Coahnaster, Kilwinning.

Kerr, Thomas, Commercial Bank, Ayr.

Kilpatrick, William, Solicitor, Ayr.

King, H. R, Commercial Bank, Kflwinning.

LIST OF MEMBEES. xi

King, Walter, Paialey.

KiREHOPE, Thomas, Writer, Ardrossan.

Enoz, James, of Riyerside, Kflbimie (deceased),

Enox, J., Bridgend, Kilwinning.

Knox, R W., of Moor Park, Kilbimie.

LAMB, J. R, Architect, Paisley.
Landsborouoh, Rev. B. D., EJlmamock.
Lege, Henry, of HoUybnsh, Ayr.
LiviNasroN, Rev. K, Coylton, Ayr,
LoCEHART, John, Sheriff-Clerk Depute, Ayr.
Logan, W., Teacher, Dairy.

London Librart, 12 Si James' Square, London, S.W.
LoNGicuiR, A., Irvine.
Love, William F., of Oeilsland, Beith.
Lton, D. Murray^ Secretary to the Grand Lodge of Scotland,
Freemasons* Hall, EdinburgL

M'ALISTER, J., Surgeon, Kilmarnock.

M'Gall, James, 6 St John's Terrace, Glasgow.

M'Gallum, Robert, Town Chamberlain, Ayr.

M'Chlert, WiUiam, Bahninnoch, Kirkcowan.

McClelland, A. J., 115 St Vincent Street, Glasgow.

McClelland, J., 32 Pembridge Square, Bayswater, London, W.

M'CONNELL^ William, of Knockdolian, Girvan.

M'CoNNOCHiE, J., C.R, 1 2 "Victoria Road, Kensington, London, W.

M'COSH, James, of Parkhill, Dahy.

M^CoSH, James M., Solicitor, Dairy.

M'Crone, James, 25 Stockwell Street, Glasgow.

M'CuBBiN, A., Solicitor, Ayr.

M'Cubbin, W. F., 5 Alloway Place, Ayr.

McCuLLOOH, Thomas, Founder, Kilmarnock.

McCuTCHEON, Alexander, Banker, Newton-Stewart.

M^Dermont, J. I., C.E., Ayr.

Macdouall, James, of Logan, Stranraer.

M'Gavin, J., 19 Ehn Bank Place, Glasgow.

xii LIST OF MEMBERS.

M'GiBBONy D., of Laggan, 89 George Street, Edinburgh.

M'Gebbon, William, Draper, Stranraer.

M'Grigor, Dr. A. B., 19 Woodside Terrace, Glasgow.

M'Ilwraith, William, Dumfries Courier Office, Dumfries.

M'Kenzie, F., Solicitor, Stranraer.

M'ELenzie, J. W., 16 Royal Circus, Edinburgh.

M'Keblie, J. P., 20 Pembroke Villas, Bayswater, London, W.

M'Kerrell, K M., Junior Carlton Club, London.

M*Kie, J., Publisher, Edlmamock

M'Knight, J., of Plan, Ealmamock.

M*Micking, Gilbert, 55 Princes Gate, London, S.W.

M'Muktrie, James, Solicitor, Ayr.

MTherson, W., Craigencallie, Ayr.

Macarthur, Lady, 27 Princes Gardens, London, S.W.

Macdonald, a. G., The Crescent, Ardrossan.

Macdonald, J., LL.D., The Academy, Ayr.

MAcax)WALL, Henry, younger of Garthland, Lochwinnoch.

Macgregor, p. Comyn, of Brediland, Paisley.

Mack, Anthony, The Crescent, Ardrossan.

Mackay, Professor, 7 Albyn Place, Edinburgh.

Mackean, J. A., Maryfield, Paisley.

Mackenzie, Alexander, 7 Gilmour Street, Paisley.

Mackie, Daniel, of Knockgerran, Girvan.

Mackie, Robert, Loudoun Cottage, Galston.

MACKINNON, William, 115 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow.

Macneillie, J., Ayr {deceased).

Magrorie, T., Teacher, Kilbarchan.

Magrorie, William, Solicitor, Ayr.

Masson, G., Oakshawside, Paisley.

Maxwell, Mrs., of Carruchan, Dumfries.

Maxwell, Sir Herbert, of Monreith, Garlieston.

Meikle, J., Nethermains, Kilwinning.

Menteth, Lady Stuart, of Mansfield, New Cumnock.

Mercer, John, C.K, Ayr.

Millar, Robert, Alloway Cottage, Ayr.

MiLROY, Dr. A, Kilwinning.

LIST OF MEMBERS, xiii

Mitchell, G., Nurseryman, Stranraer.

MrrcHELL, J. 0., Western Club, Glasgow.

Mitchell Library, Ingram Street^ Glasgow.

MoNTGOMERiE, John C, Dalmore, Stair.

MONTGOMERIE, Eoger, M.P., Annick Lodge, Irvine.

Moore, J. Carrick, of Corsewall, Stranraer.

Moore, J. G. Carrick, younger of Corsewall, Wigtonshire.

Morris, James A., 17 Charlotte Street, Ayr.

MuNRO, Dr. R., Kilmarnock.

MxTRDOCH, J., Ayr.

Murdoch, R. D., Couifty Buildings, Ayr.

Mure, Colonel, M.P., of Caldwell, Beith.

Murray, David, Provost of Paisley.

Murray, David, 169 West George Street, Glasgow.

Murray, William, Bams Park.

Mutter, W., of Meiklelaught, Ardrossan.

OSWALD, R. A., of Auchincruive, Ayr.

PALMER, J. P., Physgill House, Whithorn, Wigtonshire.

Park, Richard, Architect, Newton-Stewart

Parker, J., 48 Queen Street, Glasgow.

Paterson, John, of Ejiowehead, Irvine.

Paterson, Sheriff Orr, Ayr.

Paterson, William, Publisher, Princes Street, Edinburgh.

Paton, James, Byres, Ealwinning.

Paton, James B., Merchant, Ayr.

Paton, Robert, Alloway Place, Ayr.

Paton, Theophilus, of Swinlees, Dairy.

Paton, William, of Hillend, Dairy.

Patrick, R W. Cochran, of Woodside, Beith.

Patrick, William Ralston, of Treame, Beith.

Philp, Rev. George, Saltcoats.

Pollock, J., Victoria Works, Beith.

Pollock, John, Town-Clerk, Ayr.

Pollock, William, Solicitor, Ayr.

xiv LIST OF MEMBERS.

PoLLOK, R. M., of Middleton, Ayr.
PoLLOK-MoRRis, A., of Craig, KUmamock.
PoRTEOUS, J. S., Viewfield, Maybole.
Portland, Duke of.

RAFF, James, 14 Wellington Square, Ayr.

Ramsay, Dr., Lochwinnoch.

Ramsay, R., Greendyke Street, Glasgow.

Reid, H. G., Stationery Office, London.

Rennie, Thomas, Banker, Maybole.

Robertson, Alexander, Bannoch Cottage, Kilwinning.

Robertson, Rev. W. B., D.D., Irvine.

Rose, James, Standard Office, Kilmarnock.

Ross, Alexander M., Town-Chamberlain, Paisley.

RowAT, William, Rosehill Cottage, Paisley.

Russell, William, Maulside, Dairy, Ayrshire.

SHAW, Charles G., Ayr.
Shaw, George, 70 East Hill Street, Glasgow.
Shaw, Hugh, Commercial Bank, Kilmarnock.
Shaw, W. F., 39 Stockwell Street, Glasgow.
Sloan, J., Commercial Bank, Glasgow.
Small, J. W., Architect, George Street, Edinburgh.
Smiih, John, Manager, Eglinton Ironworks, Kilwinning.
Somervell, G., of Sorn, Mauchline.
Stair, Earl of, Lochinch, Castle Kennedy, Wigtonshire.
Steele, Thomas, Provost of Ayr.
Stephen, William, 31 Sandgate Street, Ayr.
Stevenson, Allan, Architect, Ayr.
Stewart, J., Heathfield, Irvine.
Stewart, J., M.P., of Garvocks, Routenbum, Largs.
* Stewart, M. J., M.P., of Southwick, Stranraer.
Stewart, Sir M Shaw-, of Ardgowan, Greenock.
Stewart, William, Architect, Paisley.
Stoddart, R. R., Lyon Clerk-Depute, Edinburgh.

LIST OF MEMBERS. xv

Sturrock, p., Provost of Kilmarnock.
Symington, G., Banker, Glenluce.

TAYLOR, William, London Road, Kilmarnock.
Thwaites, W. Kelso, 3 Frederick Street, Edinburgh.
TuRNBULL, Andrew, Kilmarnock.
Turner, F. J., The Dean, Kilmarnock.

VERNON, Hon. G. R, Auchans, Dundonald.
Vernon, T., Cabinetmaker, Newton-Stewart.

WALES, James, Buckstone, Rawdon, Yorkshire.

Walker, J., 74 Bath Street, Glasgow.

Wallace, Charles, Dally, Kirkcolm, Stranraer.

Wallace, Sir William, of Lochryan, Stranraer.

Warrack, Rev. Alexander, Free Church Manse, Leswalt, Stranraer.

Weir, William, of Kildonan, Portland Ironworks, Kilmarnock.

Weston, Colonel, F.S.A, 22 Thurloe Square, South Kensington, London.

Wood, James, Portland Villa, Troon.

Wilson, R. Dobie, 15 Green Street, Grosvenor Square, London, W.

Wilson, Rev. G., Free Church Manse, Glenluce, Wigtonshire.

Wylie, R., Kilwinning.

YOUNG, David, Town-Oerk, Paisley.

Young, Robert, F.S.A Scotland, of Milnbank, Elgin.

PKEFACE.

-•—f^

At a Meeting held in Ayr on the 19th of October 1877, under the
presidency of the Earl of Stair, Lord-Lieutenant of the counties, it was
determined to fonn an Archaeological Association for Ayrshire and
Wigtonshire.

The objects of the Society will be best explained by the following
resolutions, which were unanimously agreed to at the Meeting : —

" Proposed by the Hon. G. R. Vernon, and seconded by the Bishop of Glasgow —

' That it is desirable to preserve some record of the various prehistoric and mediaeval
remains of antiquity in Ayrshire and Wigtonshire.'

" Proposed by Captain Boyle of Shewalton, and seconded by T. M. Gemmell, Esq., of
Frankville — ' That there are many early charters, original MSS., and other matter relating
to the histoiy and topography of the counties, which would be of great interest and value
to print'

" Proposed by Major Campbell of Craigie, and seconded by R. W. Cochran-Patrick,
Esq., of Woodside — ^ That the best means of accomplishing these objects is to establish a
Society for the purpose of printing from time to time collections relating to the above
subjects, with an annual subscription of one guinea.'

"Proposed by Sir William J. Montgomery-Cuninghame, M.P., and seconded by
Major Campbell — * That the Earl of Stair, K.T., be President of the Society.*

" Proposed by Graham Somervell, Esq., of Som, and seconded by Dr. Macdonald —
* That the Marquess of Bute, the Marquess of Ailsa, the Earl of Eglinton, the Earl of
Galloway, the Earl of Glasgow, Viscount Dalrymple, the Right Honourable Sir James
Fergusson of Kilkerran, K.C.M.G., Sir Herbert Maxwell of Monreith, Sir W. J. Montgomery-
Cuninghame, M.P., Sir Andrew Agnew of Lochnaw, Sir William Wallace of Lochryan,
be Vice-Presidents ; that E. W. Cochran-Patrick of Woodside be Hon. Secretary for Ayr-

xviii PEEFACK

shire ; the Rev. Mr. Wilson, Glenluce, Hon. Secretaiy for Wigtonshire ; and that C. G. Shaw,
Esq., be Treasurer.'

" Proposed by Captain Hamilton of Pinmore, and seconded by Mr. Dickie — * That a
Committee be appointed to draw up a constitution and rules for the Society, and to collect
materials for the first volume of collections — the Committee to consist of the President,
Vice-Presidents, Secretaries, and Treasurer, and the following members : — The Hon. G. R,
Vemon; Roger Montgomerie, M.P.; Col. Weston, F.S. A. ; Captain Boyle of Shewalton;
F. T. R Kennedy, yr. of Dunure ; Wm. Cooper, yr. of Failford ; and Dr. Macdonald,
Rector of Ayr Academy, with power to add to their number/

" On the motion of Sheriff Orb Paterson, a vote of thanks was accorded to Lord Stair
for presiding."

The progress of the Society during the first year of its existence has
been very satisfactory.

Upwards of three hundred members have been enrolled ; a large amount
of valuable, original, and historical matter has been placed at the disposal of
the Association; and liberal donations have been received in aid of the
objects of the Society.

The members are very particularly indebted to John Evans, Esq.,
D.C.L. Oxon., Professor Dr. George Stephens, of the University of Copen-
hagen, and Thomas Dickson, Esq., Curator of the Historical Department of
the Kegister House, for the valuable articles specially written for and con-
tributed by them to the present volume.

The series of Plates illustrating the remains of the Abbey of Kilwin-
ning has been presented by John M^Gavin, Esq., who has also been at
the entire expense of searching for, and transcribing, the various charters
and documents relating to the history of the monastery. It is to be hoped
that this liberal contribution will induce others to aid in illustrating the
remaining ecclesiastical foundations in the district in the same way.

The engravings of the Bronze Buckler, by Mr. J. D. Cooper of London,
are presented by the Marquess of Bute. The plates illustrating the Heraldry
of Wigtonshire are drawn and presented by Sir Herbert Maxwell of
Monreith. For the use of the plate of the Hunterston Brooch the Society

PEEFACE xix

is indebted to Professor Dr. George Stephens. The engravings of the
antiquities at Lanfine, by Mr. J. D. Cooper, are contributed by Miss Brown
of Lanfine, who has also presented copies of some interesting historical
documents in her possession, which will appear in a future volume. The
engraving, also by Mr. Cooper, of the Caprington Horn, one of the most
remarkable archaeological relics in the district, is contributed by Mr. Smith-
Cuninghame of Caprington. Mr. Gilchrist Clark of Speddoch presents three
illustrations, by Mr. D. Williamson of Edinburgh (Kgs. 37, 42, 43), in the
Eev. Mr. Wilson's paper on the Stone Implements of Wigtonshire ; and
Mr. J. S. Dobie, F.S.A. Scot., the engraving of the urn found at Threep-
wood (Fig. 3, p. 42). Mr. Hunter of Hunter presents the engraving, by
Mr. Cooper (Fig. 2, p. 40), of the urn found at Sea Mill, now in his collection
at Hunterston. The Society is indebted to the Society of Antiquaries of
Scotland for the use of the cuts of Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 29,
30, 38, 39, 40, and 41, by Mr. D. Williamson of Edinburgh, in the Eev. Mr.
Wilson's paper, and Fig. 16 at page 53.

The authors of the various papers in the present volume have confined
themselves to giving accurate descriptions and carefully ascertained facts,
believing that at the present time archaeological science will be best served
by local societies permanently recording, in an authentic and reliable shape,
the various objects of antiquity belonging to their district. The liberality
of the members has permitted the free use of illustrations, and the im-
portance of employing thoroughly competent artists has not been lost
sight of. Besides those already mentioned, Mr. Cooper has engraved the
woodcuts in Dr. Macdonald's two papers, excepting Figs. 13, 14, 15, 16.
Mr. Utting of London has done the Kilwinning seals, and Mr. Williamson
of Edinburgh the remaining woodcuts. The names of these gentlemen will
be a sufficient guarantee for the quality of their work. The plates of Kil-
winning Abbey were entrusted to Mr. William Galloway, architect, whose
works on St. Magnus' Cathedral, Kirkwall, and other Scottish ecclesiastical

XX PREFACE.

buildings, axe well known. Advantage was taken of the operations for
levelling the old churchyard by the heritors of the parish to examine more
thoroughly than could otherwise have been done the lines of the founda-
tions. The thanks of the Society are due to the heritors and residents in
Kilwinning for the assistance given by them during the work, and par-
ticularly to Mr. Wylie, to whose valuable aid much of the success of the
operations was due. The transcripts of the charters and documents
relating to the Abbey were made by Mr. Walter Macleod, Edinburgh,
who has also prepared the abstracts of their contents.

Besides the articles printed in the present volume, the following are
either ready for publication in the next volume, or in active preparation : —

(I.) The Charters and Records in the custody of the municipalities of
Ayr, Kilmarnock, and Irvine, Transcripts of these very important docu-
ments, which are of the highest interest in a historical point of view, are
in progress, and will be printed from time to time. The liberal con-
tributions made by the Town Councils of the burghs for the purpose of
putting on permanent record their ancient muniments, shows that the Ayr-
shire burghs are not behind others in the enlightened interest taken in
their past history. The Kilmarnock papers will be illustrated by a series
of plates and plans of Kilmamock Castle (or " The Dean "), presented by
the Duke of Portland ; and the Ayr collections with plates presented by
ex-Provost Goudie. In all cases these records wiU be illustrated with ^ac-
similes of the most interesting charters, engravings of seals, etc., so far as
the funds placed at the disposal of the Society will permit.

(II.) A selection of letters from the Craufurdland MSS., contributed
by Reginald H. Craufurd, Esq., of Craufurdland. This interesting corre-
spondence passed between the sixteenth Earl of Sutherland and Lieutenant-
Colonel Walkinshaw Craufurd in the years 1747-1750, and is transcribed
from the originals at Craufurdland, and, by the permission of the Duke of
Sutherland, from those at Dunrobin Castle.

PEEFACE.

(III.) A selection from the original charters and documents at Blair,
presented by Captain Blair of Blair.

(IV.) A collection of early Charters relating to the parish of Tarbolton,
contributed and compiled by William S. Cooper, Esq., yr. of Smithstone,
LL.M. Cantab., F.S.A. Scot.

(V.) A description of the Parish Kirk of Kilbirnie, by J. S. Dobie,
Esq., F.S.A. Scot. Illustrated by a series of plates of the remarkable
carved wood- work in it, drawn by Mr. J. W. Small, architect (author of
Ancient Scottish Woodwork of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuiies),
and presented by the Earl of Glasgow.

(VI.) Transcript of the Protocol Book of Robert Brown, Notary Public
in Irvine (1612-1620), from the original in the library of the University of
Edinburgh, containing many documents of local interest.

In the archaeological section a classified catalogue of the stone imple-
ments found in Ayrshire is in preparation, and an account of the crannog at
Lochlea, near Tarbolton, will also appear in an early volume.

The Society have, the pleasure of recording their thanks to the Society

of Antiquaries of London for permission to engrave the Bronze Buckler

found in Beith parish, and now in their possession; to the Society of

Antiquaries of Scotland for permission to print the document given at p.

219 ; to the University of Edinburgh, and to the Faculty of Advocates, for

permission to copy the documents in their collections. They have also to

express their thanks to Colonel Weston, F.S.A. ; Mr. Knight Watson,

F.S.A., Secretary Society of Antiquaries; Mr. Alfred Kingston, Public

Record Office, London ; Mx. Richard Sims, British Museum ; the Rev. H.

0. Coxe, Bodleian Library, Oxford ; Mr. Thomas Dickson, H.M. General

Re<yister House ; Mr. Joseph Anderson, Museum of Antiquaries of Scotland ;

Mr. J. T. Clark, Advocates' Library ; and Mr. Murray Lyon, Edinburgh, for

their obliging assistance.

In conclusion, it is hoped that those who have anything of archaeological

> .

xzn

PEEFACE.

or historical interest connected with the counties will communicate it to the

Society in order that it may be put on record.

As the volumes printed are limited to the Members for the time, it is

necessary that those desirous of becoming Members for the next and

succeeding volumes should communicate with the secretaries as early as

possible.

R W. COCHEAN-PATEICK,

Hon. Secretary for Ayrshire,
WooDBiDE, Beith, December 1878.

CONTENTS.

PAQK

I. Notes on the Ancient Stone Implements of Wigtonshire. By the Rev.

G. Wilson, G.M.S.A. Scot, F. C. Manse, Glenluce . . .1

IL Notices of Ancient Urns found in the Cairns and Barrows of Ayr-
shire. By James Macdonald, LLD., M.A, F.S.A Scot . . .31

III. Note on some Explorations in a Tumulus called the •' Courthill," in
the parish of Dalry and county op Ayr. By R W. Cochran-Patrick,
LL.B. Cantab., B.A. Edin., F.S.A- Scot .55

rv. ANTiQurriES pound in Ayrshire, and preserved amongst the Archjeo-
LOGicAL Collections op Miss Brown of Waterhaughs and Lanfine.
From Notes by the late Mr. Brown . .61

V. Note on a Bronze Buckler found in the parish of Bbtth and county

OF Ayr. By John Evans, D.CK Oxon., F.RS., F.S.A. . .66

VI. Note on the Caprington Horn. By R W. Cochran-Patrick, LL.R Cantab.,

RA- Edin., F.S.A Scot. ....... 74

VIL The Hunterston Brooch. By Professor Dr. George Stephens, F.S.A. London

and Edinbuigh ....... .76

Vni, Notes on some Ayrshire Examples of Pottery, supposed to be Medleval.

By James Macdonald, LL.D., M.A«, F.S.A« Scot . . . .80

IX. The Heraldry op Wigtonshire. By Sir Herbert Maxwell, Bart., of Mon-

reith ...... ... 85

X. Eemarks on the existing Buildings at Kilwinning Abbey. By William

Galloway, Architect, C.M.S.A Scot. . . . .89

XL Collections towards a History of the Monastery of Kilwinning .115

Xn. Proceedings of the Gild Court of Ayr. From the Ayr Manuscript. By
Thomas Dickson, Curator of the Historical Department of HM General
Register House, Edinburgh ...... 223

NOTES ON THE ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS

OF WIGTOWNSHIRE.

It seems natural to begin this volume with a paper on some of the relics of
the prehistoric periods, because they are not only oldest, but also least
known. Their abundance in this district has given me facilities for observ-
ing them. It has been suggested that, before entering on the special subject
of this paper, I should indicate what has already been done, and what
remains to be done, in this county in the prehistoric field as a whole. I use
the term prehistoric in a loose sense. It may be taken for granted that
many objects of the various classes I am about to mention faU within our
historic period ; but it is likely that others are of greater antiquity. Com-
paratively little has yet been done in the way of publishing detailed descrip-
tions of these antiquities. The late lamented Dr. John Stuart made a noble
beginning on the subject of our lake-dwellings in his account of the crannogs
in Dowalton Loch.^ At his request I began a series of "Notes on the
Crannogs and Lake - Dwellings of Wigtownshire," in which I have
described some of those in Old Luce, and pointed out a good many
more in the district.* Charles Dalrymple, Esq., F.S.A., has also published an
account of a crannog at Castle Kennedy.^ Some notices have been published
of implements of stone and bronze, of stone cists, and of some of the stand-
ing-stones.* But no detailed account, and in many cases no account at all,
has yet been published of many monuments of antiquity, which are very

1 Proceedings of the Society of ArUiquaries of * The Lighihouse^ by Unda, a very rare little
Scotlamd^ yoL vL p. 114 E, plates x. xL zii volume, of which only fifteen copies were printed.

• « c A « . 1 • «^« r.^rs for private circulation by R and R. Clark,

* Froc Soc, Ant. Scot., voL ix. pp. 368-378, -,,. f i. • i j j • ^ r ^i.
-«^ ^^1 ^ «r. 7^7 TQQ Edinburgh, gives a plan and description of the
and VOL x. pp. 737-739. ^j* j. *mi. i* j j

'^^ standing-stones of Torhousekie, and a drawing

^ Proc. Soc, Ant. Soc, voL ix. pp. 388-392. of the Hole-stane at Crowse, Kirkinner.

2 ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIEE.

remarkable. There are cairns worthy of detailed description, and there is
one in particular which seems to be quite unique in structure. There are
standing-stones not yet described in any book. In the Ehinns, Glenluce,
and Mochrum alone there are about fifty ancient forts. Some of the most
interesting of these are not marked in the Ordnance Survey large scale maps,
and no plan or drawing of any of them has yet been published, so far as I
know. The same remark applies to our numerous hut-circles, and to the
sites of several ancient towns or villages, some of which are fortified. Not
one of the many caves on our rocky sea-coast has been searched to ascertain
if it contains any prehistoric relics, and if so, whether they are deposited in
successive layers. The excavation of the Bomess Cave, near Kirkcudbright,
shows that much may possibly be found in some of them, but I have neither
funds nor leisure for digging.^ There are sheU-heaps on or near the sea-
shore worth examining. There are also curious mounds of a horse-shoe
form which I have only seen in Glenluce, and which have not been noticed
in other districts. My note-book contains details on most of these subjects,
but I find it dijfficult to prepare accurate plans and drawings.

This short statement is enough to show that there is a large and interest-
ing field well worthy of investigation. Many are deterred by the diflSculties
which beset such subjects ; but what is necessary, first of all, is, that the
existence of such objects should be made known, and the facts carefully
observed and accurately described in our pages for the information of scientific
archaeologists. This is all I undertake to do, and I do not profess to have
seen all the prehistoric antiquities even of the parish I live in. There is
need of help, and there is no time to lose, for many of our ancient monu-
ments have been destroyed, and others are in great danger from the rapid
extension of agricultural improvements on our moors and bogs. Many
things have been destroyed which would have been spared had people been
aware of their value. As regards all ancient structures^ I would say to all
who are not trained as scientific observers, " Hands ofi"." When a structure
is pulled to pieces or disturbed it cannot be restored, and its value as his-
torical evidence is lost. I may also say that many implements, like those to
be described in this paper, have been lost, which would have been safe if
they had been deposited in the National Museum of Antiquities in Edin-
burgh. Articles which in most private collections are mere curiosities,

* Proc Soc, AtU, Scot.j vol. x. pp. 476-507, plates xvii to xxii.

ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIRE. 3

have a scientific meaning and value when arranged beside others in the
Museum.

The materials of a general paper on our prehistoric antiquities might be
classified under the three heads of the Home, the Stronghold, and the Grave ;
and the implements now to be described might be classified as intended for
use in peace or war. But it is likely that such an implement as a stone-axe,
which it must have cost much time and labour to make, would be used alike
in domestic work, in the chase, and in war. It is so among savage tribes at
present^

The Scandinavian division of prehistoric times into the three ages of
stone, bronze, and iron, can as yet be applied only in a very general way to
the implements found in this district.^ Those from different parts of the
county have been found scattered about in various circumstances, which
give no distinct evidence as to their age, and those found in such numbers
near Glenluce are not deposited in any order of relative antiquity. Of their
absolute antiquity all that can be said is that it must be great. Evans
says — " The Caledonians in the time of Severus, who tattooed themselves
with the figures of animals, and went nearly naked, carried a shield, a spear,
and a sword, and wore iron collars and girdles, though they deemed these
latter ornamental, and an evidence of wealth, as other barbarians esteemed
gold/^* From this statement we might infer that while the collars and
girdles were of iron, the sword and spear were of a different metal In the
first century Tacitus speaks of the large sword and short buckler of the
Caledonians, but does not say of what metal they were made.^ Perhaps we
may infer firom the silence of the Roman writers as to weapons of bronze,
and from the passage in Tacitus, that the swords were of iron.* In CsBsar's
time the inhabitants of South Britain were acquainted with the use of iron.
We may infer that here, as elsewhere, the use of iron was subsequent to that
of bronze ; and that before the use of metals implements were made of stone.
Of course, the knowledge of metals and the use of them are two quite dis-
tinct things. It is said that stone implements continued to be made, or

^ Evans's Ancient Stone Implements of Great • Evans, p. 10, where he quotes Herodian,

Britain (1872), p. 153. lib. iii. c. 14.

2 Nil88on*s Primitive Inhabitants of Scandi-
navia^ Lubbock's ed. (1868), p. 1 ; Worsaae, * Tacitus, Agricola, c xxxvi.

Primeval Antiquities of Dewmark (1849), p. vi. ;
Evans, p. 2. * Lubbock's Prehistoric Times (3d ed.), p, 7.

4 ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIRR

used, after bronze was in use.^ This would be the case so long as metals
were very scarce and costly ; and, of course, stone implements are used by
us when we find them most suitable. All we can do, therefore, is to com-
pare the Wigtownshire implements with those found elsewhere, in circum-
stances indicative of their greater or less antiquity, as described in works
like those just referred to.

The greater or less degree of roughness or finish of stone implements is
of itself no criterion of relative antiquity. Very rough implements may be
the oldest of all, or they may be the most recent, when the art of making
them was falling into disuse. Their roughness may be owing to the material,
to bad or careless workmanship, or to their being left unfinished. This is
to be borne in mind when I am found describing the coarsest implements
first

The Glenluce implements of flint and other kinds of stone, and of
bronze, were first described in 1876 in my notes of some of the articles
then presented by me to the Museum of Antiquities in Edinburgh. In pre-
paring them I was much indebted to Mr. Anderson, curator of the Museum,
and now also assistant-secretary of the Society.^ Since that date I have
found a good many more, some of which are here described.

The Glenluce flints, etc., are chiefly found on, or near, certain old sea
beaches at the north shore of the Bay of Luce. These are about 20 feet
above the sea level, and run from north-east to south-west, in parallel storm-
beaches, firom a point near Park Hay, in Glenluce, to a point near Sandhead,
in Stoneykirk, a distance of about six miles. These beaches are in most
places covered by sandhills, called the Torrs. They contain many water-
worn nodules of flint. How did these flints get there? In the paper
referred to I hazarded the opinion that they are " the relics of a Scottish
deposit of chalk : " but geologists demurred to this, and were inclined to
think they had been imported as articles of commerce. One correspondent,
who is an eminent geologist, thought they had been brought in coracles
fi:om the north of Ireland, where flint is plentiful. I am now able to state
that they have been deposited by natural agency, for I have lately found
them in the stratified gravel, in a large excavation at Dunragit railway
station, and in a gravel pit at Genoch, which is very near some of the old
beaches where I have found fiints both wrought and imwrought. They are

1 Nilfison, pp. XXV. xxxi. ; EvanB, 129 flL ^ Proc, Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xi. pp. 580-687.

ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIRR 5

also found in gravel pits in Kirkmaiden and at Lochnaw Castle. It is for
geologists to discuss whether they have drifted from the north of Ireland or
some other quarter. For archaeologists it is a more interesting question
whether this deposit of drift contains chipped flints of the palaeolithic
period. As yet I have found none.

Some of the flints are very rudely, and others very finely wrought, but
I have found none polished by being ground, like some of those from the
north of Scotland.^ The subdivision, some have proposed, of the neolithic
period into two parts, that of the chipped and that of the polished stones,
does not apply here.* When the sandhills are shifted by storms a curious
mixture is found on the wind-swept surface, — circular patches of pavement,
charred wood and bone, shells, wrought flints, with the splinters, flakes, and
chips made in working them, hammer and anvil stones, fragments of old
urns, and modern pottery and glass, pieces of bronze and rust-eaten iron, a
flint arrow-head and a conical rifle-ball, or a coin of our good Queen
Victoria, may aU be seen lying in admired disorder. Yet here and there
the fresh-blown sand discloses the relics of man's home and handiwork,
which, after being covered for ages, are again exposed to the light of day,
apparently undisturbed. I have seen, within a very few feet of each other,
on the same level piece of indurated sand, a small circular pavement of
gravel pebbles laid on the flat sides, a stone anvil firmly fixed upright in
the moor-pan by some stones packed round its base, and bruised and
splintered at the top by hammering, a handful of broken flints lying in
front of it, and some hammer stones near it, and the remains of a coarse
hand- wrought earthen pot, with the convex bottom set in a ring of oblong
pebbles, stuck endwise in the sand, with the tops slanting outwards, all as
left seemingly by the same workman. The pavement seemed to be the
floor of a hut : there was no sign of its having been that of a grave. I
believe no undoubted example of a hut, made in the stone age, has yet been
found in this country, and it is impossible to decide whether this floor
belongs to the stone or the bronze age. I have no doubt it belonged to a

^ While these notes were in the printer^s and 3| inches long, 2i broad, and A thick. I
hands, J. QUchiist Clark, Esq., of Speddoch, hope to have a woodcut of it in a future volume,
called and showed me an implement of flint, ^ See the discussion in the Compte Bendu de
fromClachshiant,Stoneykirk,sfr(mn<i,a7Mi2?oZM^ la 7"** Session du Congr^ IrUemationcU d^An-
all over, with some chip marks not e£EiBUied, wrought thropologie et d^Ardi^ologie Prehistoriques (Stock-
to an edge on three sides, rounded at the angles, holm, 1874), vol i. pp. 142-147.

6 ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIEE.

man who wrought flints^ A cold wind made it impossible to make even a
rough sketch, and when I next saw the place the shifting of the sand had
made a drawing useless. In several places there are traces of circular
pavements, with fragments of charred wood and bone, and shells. In
two or three places the stones seem to have been exposed to the action
of fire.

The movements of the sand are very capricious. In some places now
breaking up it seems to have lain undisturbed for ages, covered by a thick
turf of heath and grass ; in others it is blown about by every wind. A
large sandhill seems to take more than thirty years to shift its base entirely.
The broad-arrow stones of the Ordnance Survey, deposited above thirty
years ago on the summits of hills, are now found, in one case almost at the
lowest level, and in another pretty far down. Yet, although the hills move
so slowly, I have never found a new piece of beach laid bare on which the
flints had not been chipped, and it is difl&cult to find a flint as big as a
pigeon's egg unbroken. From these facts I infer that the sandhills were
frequented for a very long time by the men who wrought the flints. In
various places the beach stones have been carried in large quantities to a
higher level.

I shall describe first the naturally-formed implements of stone, and then
those shaped by the hand of man. This is Nilsson's method.^ In his case
it has had the disadvantage of leading him to mix stone implements of the
bronze age with those of the stone age. In addition to the general cautions
already given, I shall have occasion to mark some implements as doubtful
in this respect.

1. Naturally-formed Implements of Stone.

1. ffammer-stones. — Evans and others have shown how flints may still
be chipped into regular forms by means of hard or tough stones.* When I
began to look for wrought flints I was much interested by the discovery of
various stones, which appeared to have been used as naturally-formed
implements in splitting and shaping them. One day I set myself, with a
friend, to look for them, and each soon discovered that the sandstone pebbles,
bearing marks of hammering, were in most cases of a lightish gray colour.

^ Nil88on, p. 10. ' Nilason, pp. 6-9 ; Evans, chap. ii.

ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIRE. 7

These seem to have been chosen for their greater toughness, which might
make them suitable for working the much harder but brittle flint. They
belong to the lower silurian rocks. The hammer-stones of quartz or granite
pebble are often more easily discovered by touch than by sight, the naturally-
polished surface feeling rough to the finger where it has been bruised by
striking the flint. I mention this, because it is likely they often escape
notice even where plentiful. When Evans's great work was published I
found he directed attention to them as often overlooked.^

Sometimes a workman seems to have gathered a few flints and pebbles
of quartz or sandstone and sat down to work, and then to have left his tem-
porary implements beside the flint splinters and chips, where they still lie*
But there are places where the large quantity of splinters, chips, and flakes
indicates a regular workshop. In such cases the workman is more likely to
have used the same implements for a length of time.* I have picked up
several which bear marks of much use. Some have an irregular circular
depression worn on one or both flat sides at the centre, or near one end,
but these are all unlike what are regarded as half-bored stone hammers ;
some of them have also grooves, showing that they have been used as
hones. It seems likely that such stones were kept for regular use. The
hammer-stones are of various sizes and shapes — spherical, ovoid, fusiform,
spathulate, oblong, quadrangular, lenticular or irregular, according to the
taste or wants of the users. Some are bruised on one or both ends, others
on one or both sides or edges. Some of the quartz pebbles have almost
every part of the originally smooth water-worn surface roughened by use.
Some which happen to have natural depressions convenient for the thumb
and fingers have the striking part worn on each side to a bevelled edge. I
picked up one of these on the beach at the lake-dwellings of Machermore,
Old Luce. I have gone into these details because these hammer-stones are
more easily found on our sandhills than at other places where they may
be no less common. Near lake-dwellings, where the beach consists of
angular stones, any water- worn pebble should be looked at, because it must
have been brought there by man, and is likely to bear marks of use as a
hammer-stone.

2. Anvil-stones. — Near the farmhouse of Mid Torrs the tenant observed
a somewhat cubical block of sandstone, about ten inches high, which had

1 Evans, pp. 20 and 213-219. ^ NOsson, p. 11, plate i. figures 11 and 13.

8 ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIRE.

been used as an anvil, and round it lay a number of hammer-stones ; but it
has disappeared. There were circular pavements near it. At Knockencrunge
(or Ejiockiecrunge) lies a water-worn sandstone pebble, about a foot in
length, which has been used as an anvil. About this place there are traces
of long occupation ; and I observed two weather-wasted granite stones, one
of which has the spindle socket of a nether quern stone. At Clachshiant
(vulgarly called Clayshant) I picked up a red sandstone pebble, measuring
5 by 4 J by 2 inches, with depressions worn in the centre of each of its flat
sides one inch in diameter and half-an-inch in depth.

A stone abeady referred to in connection with a circular pavement and
broken pot may be described as a kind of anvil. It is an oblong pebble of
tough sandstone, about 6 inches long and 3 inches broad. The broken flints
lay dose before it. The workman seems to have sat on the groimd, with a
leg on each side of it, and the pot at his back.

3. Whetstones or hones. — ^These are of various kinds. I have one very
like the modem shape, but it is a naturally-formed piece of fine-grained
grayish sandstone, 4f inches long, If broad, and ^ thick, broken at the
ends. Both faces are finely striated lengthwise, with a few striae aslant and
across ; a few deeper marks look as if made by the edge of a tool. It may
have been used for sharpening tools of metal ; but I sent one flint to the
Museum which I thought had its edge blunted by being rubbed against a
stone.

Another sort is marked by straight or slightly curved furrows, about an
eighth of an inch wide, and not quite so deep, generally with one side sloping
more than the other, and running out to a point at each end. One from
Loddanree, Old Luce, is oblong, nearly quadrangular, about 5 inches long
and 1 inch thick each way, and bears marks of hammering. Many hammer-
stones are also grooved in this way. I have a fine-grained sandstone pebble,
measuring 6 by 2 by 1 inches. It is slightly tapering and curved towards
one end, bruised on both ends, and shows circular depressions and grooves
on each flat face. There is a slight twist in the stone, and each of the de-
pressions at the smaller end is nearest the edge where the thumb rests when
the stone is grasped by the thicker end. This shows that the depressions are
worn by using the stone as a hammer on some hard substance. A narrow
groove cut aslant the small end looks as if made by a sharp edge of metal.
The relative antiquity of this implement is therefore doubtful.

ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIEE 9

A third variety seems to have been used for rubbing with, and may be a
kind of polisher. I have a lenticular pebble of fine sandstone, 2 inches by
1^ by J, finely striated on both faces, and with one curved groove. One
in the Museum, about twice this size, has no groove.

Another variety is represented by a specimen I have from the lake-
dwelling at Barlockhart, Old Luce, which is in two pieces — one of which
was found by Lord Eosehill, and the other by the Earl of Stair.^ A part is
broken oflF and lost. It measures 7 by 9 by 3 inches, and has two sloped
surfaces meeting at an obtuse angle, one of which is worn quite smooth, with
one slight groove on it, and the other has on the natural glacial polishing a
slight hollow 1^ inch long and ^ inch wide, apparently worn by some
small implement. At this place I have foimd querns, and it seems to have been
long frequented.

4. Pounding-stones. — Some of the larger pebbles have one end worn flat,
and seem to have been used for pounding hard substances. I have found
them on the sandhills, and also on a crannog in Machermore Loch.

5. Mealing-stones. — I have only seen one, found in a field at Macher-
more. It is of gray granite, 9 by 7f by 3^ inches, oval, flattish on the
upper side, and rounded off* at the edge ; the under side measures 8 by 6
inches, is about a J inch higher across the centre than at the ends, and is
worn as if by being rubbed back and forward in the direction of the longer
axis on a concave nether stone. I have not seen a nether mealing-stone.
These are older implements than the querns, which were plentiful, and were
in use till a recent date.

Some spherical pebbles found on a crannog in Machermore Loch look as
if they had been heated in the fire. In describing that crannog I spoke of
them as hoiling-stones. They may have been used for making water boil in
earthen pots which were not baked well enough to stand the fire ; but there
is no proof of this, and they may simply have had fire kindled above them.
There are similar stones on the sandhills.

6. Polishers. — ^Besides two stones described among the whetstones I shall
notice a piece of haematite iron ore. If by 2^ by 1 J inches, polished on one
surface. If inch square, and also on part of each flattened side, and of one
end. It is so smoothly polished still that its antiquity seems very doubtful.
It was ploughed up in a field in Kirkcolm, and was presented through me to

^ Proe. Soe. Ant. Scot.^ voL x. p. 738.

10 ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIRE.

the Museum by Charles Wallace, Esq., of Dally, a member of this
Association.

It is evidently impossible to ascertain whether some of these implements
belong to the stone or the bronze age ; one or two of them may even belong
to the iron age. We may regard most of them as having been used by the
men who made implements of flint, and as belonging both to the stone and
the bronze age.

2. Artificially-formed Implements of Stone.

§ 1. Celts. — I shall follow the classification of Evans, and use his descrip-
tive terms, which he thus defines.^ " The end opposite the cutting edge is
the butt end ; the two principal surfaces are the faces ; and these are either
bounded by or merge in the sides y which are usually sharp, flat, or rounded.''

(A.) Unpolished Celts. — In a small collection from West Mains of Bal-
doon, Kirkinner, kindly sent for my inspection by Mr. Broadfoot, there is a
very rude implement, which I place here. It is a rough pebble of dark
gray sandstone, of irregular oblong form, 6 by If by 1 J inches, broadest at
the curved cutting edge, which is naturally formed, and broken by use, and
narrowing to the butt, which is chipped oflT, and is ^ths broad and i inch
thick. One side looks as if ground, but I think the surface is natural ; the
other slopes to one face, which is slightly concave just above the middle,
and the convex face opposite this part is chipped at both sides, as if to give
a firm hold for a haft. I have seen no other of this type, and its age is
doubtful.

(B.) Polished Celts. — Of course these were rough when first chipped, and
the greater or less degree of polish does not of itself prove their greater or less
antiquity. Most of those I have seen are made of stone not found in this
district, indurated claystone being most common. I shall begin with those
least polished. Celts ground at the cutting edge only have not yet been
reported in this county.

Celts wrought in longitudinal hands, so that a cross section is not a
regular ellipse, but shows a number of straight lines meeting at very obtuse
angles, and is truncated at both ends. In the cabinet of Sir Andrew

^ Evans, p. 59.

ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIRE. 11

Agnew, Bart., Lochnaw, there is a claystone celt of this type, found in
draining a peat bog at the head of Aldouran Glen, Leawalt. It is 7f inches
long, 2^ broad at the smooth cutting edge, and 1 thick, and is ground in
five bands on one face and six on the other, flattened at the sides, with
several chip marks not ground out I have one from Torrs, Old Luce, with
the cutting edge broken off, 6 by 2J by 1^ inches, with the longitudinal
bands nearly effaced, very distinct cross strias above the longitudinal ones,
several chip marks not ground out, and the sides liattened.

A claystone celt, ploughed up about twelve years ago in the Fey field at
Cults, Whithorn, and lent to me by Mr. Hughan, farmer there, is 7 by 2J
by If inches, broadest at the cutting edge, which is quite smooth, the
slightly curved flat band on each side J inch wide, and six or seven bands
on each face nearly obliterated. It is damaged at the butt, and on one
side.

Celts having •policed faces and jUxttened sides. — Fig. 1 shows a clay-
stone celt of this type.' It is 8 inches long by 2
broad, and shows with unusual distinctness the mark
of the haft in a dark band passing obliquely across
the upper part of the face. The acid in peat water
discharges the colouring matter from the surface even
of hard atones, and the dark band shows where the
celt was partially protected by the wood of the haft.
The oblique position of the haft accounts for the
cutting edge being most worn at one side. It was
found at Ervie, Kirkcolm, at the bottom of a bed of
peat eight feet deep, beside some stones, which seem
to have been a hut floor, and some rotten wood. It
was presented, through me, to the Museum in 1872,
by Mr. Peter Harris, farmer at Ervie. I presented to fw. i.— Ceit Ervie, Kirk-
the Museiim six celts of this tjrpe. One of claystone, ** '

from Glenluce, is 1 1-J inches long and 3 across the cutting edge. Another,
8^ inches by 3, was found about the year 1851 at Gleniron, New Luce, in
clearing away the ruins of what was called " an old kiln," — probably one
of those prehistoric structures still termed in Galloway "Picts' kilns."
One of greenstone from Torrs, Old Luce, 4J inches long by 3J across the

• Cattd^tgue Soc. Afd. Scot., p. 15 (A 82n).

12 ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIRE.

cutting edge, is evidently paxt of a larger celt which has been broken and
made over again by being roughly chipped in the upper part. Another
of granitic stone seems to have been used as a hammer-stone. In the
cabinet of James M'Douall, Esq., of Logan, there is one of claystone from
Torrs, Old Luce, 3^ inches by 2 at cutting edge and If thick, the
butt end of which is made over again by rough chipping. I have seen
one of claystone from DamnahoUy, Kirkmaiden, 6f by 2J at cutting
edge by IJ inches, with the chip marks and longitudinal bands nearly
ground out. One of claystone, from West Mains of Baldoon, Earkinner,
is 5^ inches long, 2^ broad at the obliquely worn cutting edge, and
1^ thick, with several chip marks not ground out. Another, from the
same farm, is of sorely weather-worn gray sandstone, 8 inches long, 1^
broad at the cutting edge and f at the butt, and If thick, concave on one
face and convex on the other. Mr. M'llwraith, editor of the Dumfries
Courier^ and formerly of the Stranraer Free PresSy a member of our Associ-
ation, who has done much to interest his readers in our local antiquities,
sends me a description of two celts. One of claystone, 9 inches by 3 at
cutting edge and 1^ at butt, and 1^ thick, was found about fifteen years
ago at High Caldons, Stoneykirk. The other, from some place in the same
parish, is of hard whinstone-like rock, highly polished, 5 inches long, 2^
broad at the cutting edge, and f at the butt, which is blunt, and 1^ thick.
In the Museum there is one of claystone 7 inches long, 2f broad at cutting
edge, and 1^ at butt, found at Chapelheron, near Whithorn, and presented
by John M'Connel junior, Esq., Chapelheron.^

A form not common here, with the side^ rounded instead of ground
quite flat, was found near Castle Kennedy, Inch. It is in the cabinet of
the Earl of Stair, and will be shown in a future volume.

In the cabinet of James M'Douall, Esq., of Logan, there is a claystone
celt from Torrs, Old Luce, nearly of the same breadth at both ends, measuring
4f inches in length by 2^ in breadth at the cutting edge, and 2^ at the butt,
and li in thickness. The faces slope to a rounded central ridge, some chip
marks are not ground out, the cutting edge is most worn at the lower side,
the upper side is flattened, and the lower rounded.

Celts with pointed oval cross section. In some of these the butt is
sharp, in others it is blunted. Fig. 2, taken from the Museum Catalogue

* Froc Soc. AtU. Scat., voL be p. 446.

Flu. 2.— Celt Qlenjotrie,
Old Luce. Scale J.

ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIRE. 13

(A 83a), is sharp at the butt end. It is of very hard dark stone, apparently

greenstone, 8^ inches long, 3^ broad, and only |

of an inch thick in the middle, being remarkable

for its thinness. It is flat on one iace, and beauti-
fully polished. It was found about twenty years

ago in a brook in Glenjorrie, Old Luce, and was

presented by me to the Museum in 1871. There

is another in the Museum like it &om Eattray,

Perthshire. An intelligent labourer described to

me a celt of similar form, and dark-coloured stone,

which he found in digging a drain, but lost.

Fig, 3 represents one of this type, with the

butt-end blunt, presented to the Museum, 12th

March 1877, by the Right Hon. the Earl of Stair.

It is thus described by Mr. Anderson : — " Polished

celt of felstone found at Kirklauchline, Wigtown-
shire. It measures 13 inches in length, 3| inches

wide at one end, and 2J inches at the other, is oval in the cross section, and
2 inches in thickness about the middle of its length.
It is flattened towards both ends, and expands
slightly from the centre to the wider end. The
broad end is sharpened, the butt end rounded off
to a thickness of about a quarter of an inch. This
type is rare in Scotland, No other specimen
exactly similar in form to this one occurs in the
Museum, either among the Scottish or Irish speci-
mens. The nearest approach to it is the beautifully
polished celt of yellow flint found at Gilmerton,
and presented to the Museum in 1782 by Francis
Kinloch, Esq., of Gilmerton. It is much smaller,
however, being only 9^ inches in length, and 2f
inches wide at the cutting end. It diflers from
the Kirklauchline specimen also in having both

ends sharp."* I may add that it was found about twenty years ago,

about five feet deep, in a peat bog on Kirklauchline, by Mr. Daniel Aitken,

farmer there.

' Proc Soc Ant, Scot., toL xiL p. 1 1 9, witli fipire.

Fio. 3.— Celt Kirklauchline,
StoDejkirk. Scale j.

14 ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHffiE.

I have now the pleasure of describing two additional q)ecimenB of thia
rare type. One was ploughed up on the same fEirm of Kirklauchline above
twenty years ago, and given by Mr, Aitken to a friend, who has kindly
lent it to me for description. It is 1 1^ inches long, 3f broad at the cutting
edge, 2J at the butt, and If thick at the centre. The butt end is rounded
to ;J of an inch in thickness, and the sides are slightly concave. There are
some chip marks, but it has been well polished. The other specimen ia in
the cabinet of James M'Douall, Esq., of Logan, It is 11-J inches long, 3
broad at the cutting edge, and 2^ at the butt end, and If thick at the
centre, with the butt rounded to -J- of an inch in thickness, and the aides
slightly concave. It has been polished all over, but the surface ia so much
softened as to yield to the finger-nail. It was found in Kirkmaiden pariah.
§ 2. Perforated Stone Axes, etc. — In aU these implements the haft-
hole has been bored from both aides, and is circular. Fig. 4 shows a
double-edged axe of gray serpentinite, 4f inches long,
2^ broad, and 1^ thick at the haft-hole, 1^ inch
in diameter at the surface, and § at the middle, its
centre 2^ inches from the shorter end. The faces are
slightly concave lengthwise, ao that the thickness is
greatest at the cutting edges. They are also concave
across. The angles are rounded, and the cutting edges
are rather blunt The whole surface is finely polished.
This is a battle-axe, of the kind called Amazon axes by
the Scandinavian archaeologists. It was foimd many
years ago in the south part of Portpatrick parish, and lately presented to
the Museima, through me, by the Rev. Andrew Urquhart, Free Church,
Portpatrick.

Another is unfortunately missing, which was found many years ago in
one of the old forts in Portpatrick. I cannot describe it accurately from
memory, but it was like one from Crichie, Aberdeenshire, figured in Proc.
Soc. Ant. Scot, vol. ii. p. 306, and copied by Evans.

Axe-Hammers. — These shade off into hammer-axes and hammers, and it
is not easy to distinguish some of them. A common form in this district will
be figured in a future volume. I have seen one from West Mains of Bal-
doon, Kirkinner, of a flat form. It is a water-worn pebble of fine gray
sandstone, measuring lOf by 5^ by 2\ inches, diameter of haft-hole nearly

AKCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTO\VNSHIRK 15

Ij inch at the surface, and 1 inch at the middle, its centre 4^ inches from
the butt-end, which is rounded. Mr. M'llwraith, Dumfries Courier, has
one, ploughed up in 1875 at Low Culgroat, Stoneykirk, of hard sandstone,
measuring 8 by 4 by 2J inches, diameter of haft-hole 2 inches at the sur-
face and 1;^ at the middle, its centre 3i^ inches from the butt end, I hope
to figure in a future volume a curious specimen, with the haft-hole nearest
the cutting edge.

Mr. M'Douall, of Logan, has one, ploughed up at Balgown, Kirkmaiden.
It is a water-wom gray sandstone pebble, measuring 8J by i^ by 3|- inches,
the diameter of haft-hole 2 inches at the surface and 1^ at the middle, its
centre 4 inches from the butt. The cutting edge is rounded, the butt end
flat and somewhat circular, and the sides are flat before the haft-hole, and
rounded toward the butt.

Fig. 5 represents a specimen slightly thickened at the sides opposite
the kqft-hole, where the implement was most
liable to break. It was found many years ago
in a field at Torhousekie, Wigtown, but not
very near the famous standing-stones. It is a
pebble of fine gray sandstone, measuring 9^ by
44 by 2J inches, the diameter of haft-hole If
inch at the surface, and 1^ at the middle, its
centre 3 inches from the butt. The faces are
slightly concave both lengthwise and across.
Lately presented to the Museum, through me,
by the Kev. David C. A. Agnew, Free Church,
Wigtown.

The foUowing specimens are more of the fw. 5— Aie-hammer, thickened st
ffammer-axe type. Sir Andrew Agnew, Bart., taii-hoie. Torhousekie, Wigtown.

,. T , , 1-1 ,7 1, Scale DMriy i-

of Lochnaw, has one which was found close to

the old Kirk of Cruggleton, Sorbie. It is of granite, measuring lOf by 5^
by 3J inches, the diameter of the haft-hole 2^ inches at the surface and 1^
at the middle, its centre 3 J inches from the butt end, which is rounded quad-
rangular. The sides are slightly rounded, the cutting edge is most worn
towards the lower side, and only one side is polished. An interesting specimen
fixim West Mains of Baldoon, Kirkiuner, is l^ unbored. It is a coarse-
grained gray sandstone, measuring 6^ by 3^ by 3 inches, much wasted on both

16 ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIRE.

faces, but still retaining some of its polish on both sides. A correspondent
reports another from Kirkinner, measuring 9^ by 4^ by 2f inches, the diameter
of haft-hole 1^ inch at the surface, and 1^ at the middle, its centre 3 inches
from the butt ; and also one from Wigtown parish, measuring 11^ by 5:J^by
3 inches, the diameter of haft-hole 2 inches at the surface, and 1:J^ at the
middle, its centre 4^ inches from the butt end. A very rude specimen was
presented to the Museum through me by the late Mr. John Kelly, farmer at
North Milton, Old Luce, who found it in a field there. It is a " wedge-
shaped hammer, of coarse-grained siliceous sandstone, 10 inches in length,
with rounded butt, and haft-hole nearer the thick than the cutting end.
The haft-hole, which is two inches in diameter, has been made from both
sides, and appears to have been picked out and not bored ; the implement
is slightly unsymmetrical." ^ I have marked with italics what seems to be
an interesting peculiarity of this specimen. I have a very rude one from
High Clone, Mochrum. It is a coarse micaceous sandstone pebble, wedge-
shaped, measuring S^ by 4 by 3 inches, the diameter of haft-hole 1^ inch
at the surface and 1 inch at the middle, its centre 3 inches from the butt
The hole is not bored straight, and the implement is unsymmetrical,. espe-
cially on the right face. The smaU end is ^ inch thick at the sharpest part,
and is most worn towards the lower side.

I have heard of about a dozen more celts and axe-hammers, or hammers
of which I can at present give no exact description. I have also heard of a
good many which have been lost ; and no doubt there are many more of
which I have heard nothing at aU. Mr, Garlics Mitchell, Stranraer, hopes
to recover exact information about a perforated stone-axe which was got
embedded deeply in the trunk of a black oak tree taken from the channel of
the river Cree below Newton-Stewart, and which he saw and made notes of
at the time.

It is often stated that the celts were used for cutting wood, but I am not
aware that any proof of this has been given which can bear the test of
rigorous scientific examination. The implements of perforated sandstone-
pebble are very curious, and neither the age to which they belong nor their
use has been clearly ascertained. What can so blunt an implement have
been used for as that from Mochrum just described ? It is better to confess
our ignorance than to take things for granted.

^ Proc 8oc. Ant. fifco^ voL x. p. 45.

ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIRE 17

§ 3. Stone Mauls. — Fig. 6 repreaents an interesting specimen from
the south part of Portpatrick parish, lately
presented to the Museum, through me, by the
Rev. Andrew Urquhart, Free Church, Port-
patrick. It is a water-worn pebble of dark
gray aandstone, of a symmetrical eUiptoid
form, flattened, a little broken on one face, and
a good deal cracked and weather-worn. It
measures 7 by 4 by 3 inches. The haft-hole
is nearly central, smoothly bored, and the dia-
meter is 2 inches at the surface and 1| at the ^■«- e— Stone Maul. Portpatrick.
middle. It is a grim-looking weapon.

§ 4. Circular stones with central perforation. — I sent to the Museum a
gray sandstone pebble having a hole 1 inch in diameter through its centre,
bored from both faces. It seems to be too large for a whorl, and it bears
marks of hammering on the rounded edge. It was ploughed up at Gillespie,
Old Luce.' I have another from High Torrs, Old Luce, of light gray
sandstone pebble, measuring 2J inches by 2f by |, perforated 1^ inch from
the smaller end- The hole bears marks round the edges of chipping or pick-
ing previous to boring ; but it is not bored straight, and is left unfinished.
It looks like a spoiled implement of this class, the use of which seems doubt-
ful One guess is that they are ring-stones for nets.*

§ 5. Stone Hammers, with circular hollows wrought on their faces. — I
take this title from Evans, and in Denmark they are called tilhugersteene,
that is, hammer-stones.* But although some of them are very handy when
grasped by the hollows with the thumb and middle finger and the fore-
finger resting on tiie top, and although some of them bear marks as if used
as hammers, others do not, and their use is still obscure. I have one from
GUlespie, Old Luce, which will be shown in a future volume. It is a water-
worn pebble of lightish-coloured fine-grained sandstone, 4 inches loag, 2f
broad, and 1^ thick, with a smoothly ground central depression on each face
1 inch in diameter, and nearly i- inch in depth. At the lower end, next the
least curved side, there are marks, as if it had been used for hammering.
A similar implement was found at High Mark, Leswalt, in a field. It is a

' Compare Evana, Fig, 157, p. 200, * Lubbock, Prfhitlorie Tima, 3d ed,, p, 102,

' Evans, p. 213 ff ; Nikson, plate i. Fig. 14.

18 ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIRE

coarse-grained water-worn pebble of gray sandstone, 3^ inches long, 2^

broad, and 1§ thick, with central smoothly ground depressions 1^ inch in

diameter and about ^ inch in depth, and has similar hammer-like mcurks.

Another set of these implements is found, nearly circular, and without

hammer-]ike marks. Fig. 7 is a pebble of granite,

water-worn and finely polished, measuring 3^ inches

in length, 2f in breadth, and I^ in thickness, with

smoothly ground central depressions 1-J in diameter

ou one face, and one on the other, and -^ in depth.

It was presented to the Museum, through me, by

Mr. James M'Harrie, blacksmith, Fordhouse, whose

little girl found it among the shingle when the

water was low, close to a small crannog in Macher-

more Loch, Old Luce.^ The late Rev. Thoa B. Bell,

Fio. 7.— Pebble of granite witb -r, ^, , -, i

depressions worked in its flat rree Church, Lcswalt, presented to the Museum a
S "'^^'""°"''^"^""' lenticular rough-grained pebble of gray sandstone,
found on the moor of Galdenoch, Leswalt, 3 inches
in diameter and I^ in thickness, with cup-Hke central hollows on each face,
1^ inch in diameter and ^ in depth.^ I have one very like it, only smaller,
which will be figured in a future volume, measuring 2^ inches by 2 J by J, the
depressions central, smoothly wrought, IJ inch in diameter and ^ inch in
depth. It was found iu 1877, in a ploughed field, at Gillespie, Old Luce.
These circular forms are perhaps a distinct class of implements. In describing
this whole class of implements with circular depressions, Evans says that they
are not uncommon in Ireland, and rare in France. They are very rare in
Scotland. In the Museum in Edinburgh there were only three specimens
before that from Macheimore. It is thus of great interest from its rarity, as
well as the fineness of its polish and the locality where it was foimd. I have
now great pleasure in describing three additional specimens. Of eight known
in Scotland this district has 3rielded five, of which three are from Old Luce
and two from Leswalt. Their comparative abundance here may possibly
have some ethnographic significance.

§ 6. Whetstones. — John Douglas, Esq., MD., Whithorn, has a very
neatly formed one about five inches long, much like a modem one in shape.

' Proe. Soe. ArU. Scot, toL xL p. 683.
* Proc Soe. Ant. Se4>t., vol. it. p. 440 ; quoted by Evans, p. 2 IB.

ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIRE. 19

which may belong to the bronze, or even to the iron age. It was got in
Dowalton Loch many years ago by a farmer, who Lad often Been it lying at
the bottom, and at last fished it up by the reel on the butt of his fishing-
rod. Probably it belonged to the lake-dwellers.

§ 7. Burnishers. — Fig. 8 represents one got in a drain at Bine,
Kirkeolm, by Mr. M'Micking, farmer at Knockneen in that
parish, and presented to the Museum by the Earl of Stair. " It
is of reddish quartz, 2^ inches long, and § inch across each of
its sides in the centre. This also is a rare form of stone imple-
ment, there being only one specimen of similar form in the
Museum. It is also of reddish quartz, and is somewhat smaller
than the Wigtownshire specimen."' It wiU be described and
figured in a future volume among the stone implements from
Ayrshire. The age of these implements seems doubtful, but
they appear to be burnishers or whetstones.

I am not able to report the occurrence of sinkstones or loom- ^"^ s. — Bur.

_.,,.,, -, , , niaher orWliet-

stones. bpindle-whorls are common. Many, no doubt, are quite stone i Bine,
modem, but others are more ancient. In a future paper I hope *''^''^''^'
to give illustrations of some of the ornamental forms. Querns
may be treated in the same way. I have picked up on the sandhills several
very coarsely made beads of a sort of lignite or anthracite. Bangles of the
- same material are foimd, which have been neatly made

I and polished, but are all broken.

S § 8. Stone Bracers. — Fig. 9 represents the only

one foimd in this district. It is of fine-grained sand-
^ stone, water-worn, flat on one face, slightly convex on

the other, measures 2^ inches in length, -f of an inch
in breadth, and ^ in thickness, and is pierced near each
end with a bored hole about -J of an inch in diameter,
and countersunk on the flat side of the implement.
^ It is supposed to have been used to protect the archer's

^ wrist from the recoil of the bowstring. This speci-

Fio. 9.— stoDB Bracer. mcu was found at Mid Torrs, Old Luce, by Mr.
^"^u'^""^ M'Murtrie, farmer there, and presented to the Museum

by him through me.

' pToc. Sac. Ant. Scot., vol. lii. p. 120, Fig. 1.

20 ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIKE.

3. Implements of Flint.

I have already explained that these probably belong both to the stone
and the bronze age, but that it is impossible to decide the relative antiquity
of any of them. Evans fully describes in the second chapter of his great
work how flints are split, flaked, and chipped. In general I shall follow his
arrangement

§ 1. Cores, that is, pieces of flint which show where the flakes have
been regularly struck off", are scarce here, perhaps owing to the small size of
the original nodules.

§ 2. Flakes are numerous, and some of them have been used as imple-
ments. I have a small curved and ridged flake of dull black flint, broken at
the end, which has one edge blunted as if by use. Some have been used as
knives, others are notched along the edge as saws.

§ 3. Flake-Knives. — I have picked up a good many, all of them single-
edged. One in my cabinet measures 1^ inch along the edge, ^ in breadth,
and \ in thickness at the back. Others are larger and stronger. About
ten are in the Museum.

§ 4. Flake-Saws. — Some of these are coarsely and irregularly serrated.
Fig. 10 represents one of these, of
brown flint, 1^ of an inch long, and
nearly ^ broad.^ Fig. 11 represents
an iiTegularly -shaped flake If inch long,
I J broad, and pretty thick, with an edge
finely serrated for a length of 1^ inch.
The " bulb of percussion," where the
blow fell by which the flake was struck
off", is well shown at the base of the

Fio. 10.— Flake-Saw. Fio, 11,— FUke-Saw. . .- i . i p ,,

Tom. Old Luce. Tom, Old Luce. cuttmg edge. A dozen of thcse are in

FuU size. Full eizi. the MuSCUm.

§ 5. Sci'apers. — These implements show more or less secondary work-
ing on the ends or sides. They are numerous, and of various forms, adapted
to various uses. Some were probably used in trimming wood, horn, or
bone, others in dressing the skins of animals. I have picked up about 400,
most of which are in the Museum. Few are above l-J inch in length.

A round-nosed scraper of gray flint is shown in Fig. 12. It is one of

• Ptoc. Soc Ant. Scot., voL si p. 584.

ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIRR 21

the largest I have found, being 3 inches long, nearly 1^ inch broad, and ^
inch thick. Fig. 13 is another, nearly 2^ inches long, 1-J broad, and ^
thick ; much worn by use.

Fic. 12. — Round-nosed Scraper. .Fio. IS.— Roiind-nosed Semper.

Tom, Old Luce. Scale i- Tom, Old Luce. Scale J,

ITie horse-shoe type is not infrequent, both in the short and the elon-
gated forms. I think many of these have been of the duck-bill form at
first, and have been broken across. A very pretty specimen in my cabinet
was picked up on the Moor of Mark, in the parish of Inch. It is about an
inch and a half long, an inch broad, and very thin and sharp. The discoidal
form, in which the scraper is almost circular, is very common, some specimens
being no broader than a threepenny piece. Some are circular, and chipped
all round the edge, and these also are in some instances very small. It is
difficult to imagine in what way, or for what purpose, such minute scrapers
can have been used.

The duck-hill form is common. One in my cabinet (Fig. 14), of clear
white flint, is scarcely f of an inch long by \ broad, and \ thick,
trimmed both on the end and sides. I do not recollect having
seen the spoon-shaded type. Oyster-shell and ear-shaped
scrapers are found in Old Luce. These types will be found
figured in a paper in this volume on antiquities from Dairy,
Ayrshire. Of course these typical forms shade ofi" into each

i^ . ,, . ^ -"^ Fio. U.-Duclt-

other in endless variety. bUl Semper.

Spokeshave scrapers are found. Fig. 15 represents one 2 ^"^J',^"''^

inches long and about \ inch broad and thick. One in my

cabinet, much worn by use, is of yellow flint, with part of the natural

22 ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIRE

surface left, and measures 2 inches by Ij by \. The hollow of the con-
cave side is -^ of an inch deep. Mr. Anderson has described how he made
a piece of wood into an arrow-shaft with flint tools, using some curved flints
as spokeshaves,*

Fig. 16 represents a scraper tapering a little toward one end, and

trimmed all round, meaauring nearly If inch by f by f. Fig. 17, of the
same type, measures 1| inch by f by ^ inch.

Two scrapers in the Museum are much worn by use. One is made from
a ridged flake of brown flint, square-ended, and much worn both in front
and sides. The other of ridged flake, 2^ inches by 1^, tapering towards
the butt end, is very much worn by use.

I may perhaps describe as slender scrapers a very
peculiar type of implement which I have not seen
mentioned in any book. Fig. 18 measures 1^ inch
in length, and ^ of an inch in breadth and thickness,
and is trimmed along one side. Fig. 19 is 1^ inch
long, ^'g of an inch broad, and ^ thick, and is more
pointed. Both are of clear white flint. There are
Tom, ow Luce. ^'^^^ ^^ thcsc peculiar implements in the Museum,
'uii size. and Mr. Gilchrist Clark has one.

§ 6. Borers. — Fig. 20 shows one of these of black flint, which is 2|-
inches long, 1 broad, and § thick. Fig. 21, of gray flint, is 2J inches

' Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., \al xi. pp. 611-513.

Fm. 18.

ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIRE. 23

long, ^ broad, and ■§■ thick. Another of gray flint is imperfect I gave
Mr. M'Douall of Logan another of brown flint, 1^ inch long and f wide.

Fia. 20.— Borer! Torra, Old Luce. Full size. Fio. 21.— Borer t Torra, Old Luce. Full sizs.

§ 7. Drills. — Fig. 22 shows the only one I have found. Its true
character was discovered by Mr. Anderson when arrang-
ing my collection for the Museum. It measures 1^ inch
in length, -J of an inch in breadth, and ^ inch in thick-
ness. It is similar to those from the French caves for
drilling the eyes of bone needles, and gives a
fresh glimpse of the habits of the makers of
these flint implements.

§ 8. Trimmed Flakes. — Fig. 23 repre-
sents a very beautifully-wrought implement of Torra, oid Luce,
clear yellowish flint, with one side flat and the " "^'

other rounded, and finely wrought all over, and smoothed as if
by use. It is 2^ inches long, nearly ^ broad, and ^ thick ; has
a doubly-curved outliiie, and tapers to both ends. Near it I
found a fine saw, but it does not seem to belong to that class
of implements. Neither is it like the implements figured by
Fio. 23. Evaus as flakes, and I cannot guess its use.
Mid Tom, Old § 9- Trimmed knives difler from the simple flake-knives in
Luce. Full Bint, having secondary chipping wrought along their edges and fcices.
I have two coarsely- wrought specimens, about 2f inches long ; and I sent

24 ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIRE.

ten to the Museum, of various fomiB, all of them neatly, and some
very finely ■wrought One, of clear white flint about 2 inches long

and not J inch broad, has two rows of neat secondary working along the
edge, on one flat side. Fig. 24 represents a knife trimmed to one cutting
edge, which is 2j inches long, ^ broad, and ^ thick. Fig. 25 represents

Fio. 27.— Trimmed Knife.

EcTeluing, Old Luce. Full bus.

a flat double-edged knife, trimmed on both edges and point, 2 inches
long, 1 broad, and -J thick, and broken across at the broad end. One
edge curves regularly to the point, the other is slightly concave behind
the point. Mr. MTtouall of Logan has one from Torrs, Old Luce, broken
off at one end, which measures 2-J inches in length, f in breadth, and
■^ in thickness. Fig. 26 represents a flint, broken along two sides into

ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIRK 2S

the form of a quadrant, with the arc neatly trimmed. It measures l^- inch
along each atraight side, and is ^ inch thick. The original shape cannot
now be determined, but it has been larger. Fig. 27 represents a very
pretty little knife which I picked up near the mouth of the Piltanton bum,
at a place now called CJorrylinn, but, in Timothy Font's map, Kereluing. It
is of clear white flint, 1^^ inch long, -^ broad, and ^ thick, and is trimmed
along the curved edge, having been formed with comparatively little chip-
piog. Implements so small must have been carried in some sort of pocket.

Fig. 28 represents a flat qtuidrangular flint, with the comers rounded
off, and neatly trimmed all round the edge, measuring 1^ inch in length,
J in breadth, and j^ in thickness. I found two of this type. Evans
figures one as a knife.

§ 10. Trimmed Saws. — ^The flake saws already described are simply
Berated with notches along the thin edge. Those now to be described
are trimmed to a regular form, and are a very interesting set of imple-
ments. There are four or five in the Museum. Some are
serrated on one edge and others on both edges. Some are fiat
and others are triangular in cross section. Three of those in
the Museum are single edged. Those with the triangular
section are very finely wrought. Fig. 29 represents one of
theee nearly 2^ inches long, f broad, and ^ thick, serrated
on one edge, which is slightly concave in outline, and has
28 teeth in a length of 1^ inch, or 18 to an inch. I have
another, of grayish opaque flint, broken ofi" at both ends, 1^
inch long, -g- broad, and -j- thick, serrated on both edges with
about 22 teeth to an inch, those on the right edge pointing in one
direction, and those on the left in another. Both edges as well Trm^k^w.
as the flat side are curved. These saws may have been used in ^^ ^""^ ^^^

, . , „ , •' Lnce. Full die.

working bone as well as wood.

§ 11. Hough oval Flints. — There are some roughly chipped flints, ovate,
circular, or oblong, which may perhaps represent a preliminary stage in the
manufacture of arrow or spear heads.

26 ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIRE

4. Asbow-Heads.

These have been found in considerable numbers and of various forms, and
many of the specimens are beautifully finished.

§ 1. Leaf'shaped Arrow-heads. — ^These are more easily made than the
barbed forms, and are common. In this class I shall include some which are
often placed among the lozenge-shaped. Some specimens have one face
slightly concave lengthwise, owing to the conchoidal fracture of the flake
when struck off at first. Some are thick and rough, others very finely
wrought, and there are several varieties.

First : Ovate, or egg-shaped, the small end being wrought to a point, and
the base regularly curved. I take the liberty of taking this term from the
nomenclature of botanists, because it exactly describes the simplest form of
leaf arrow-head. Some have the point very indistinctly formed. One in
my cabinet is 1^^ inch long, ^ broad, and ^ thick ; another, which is very
roughly chipped, is 1^ inch long, 1 broad, and f thick. Others are more
sharply pointed. In my cabinet there is a rough one which is 1^ inch long,
and rather more than 1 inch broad ; and a very neat one which is 1^^ long, f
broad, and about 1 line thick. Mr. Gilchrist Clark has one of abnost
exactly the same size. Sometimes the sides have a slightly concave outline
between the broadest part and the point.

Second : Kite-shaped, the sides running in a straight line from the point
to the ends of the arc at the broad base as in a paper kite. I have one with
the point broken off, which is 1^ inch long and f broad. This is a transi-
tion form between the first and third, and also between the leaf and the
lozenge type.

Third : Blliptical, the length being a little greater than the breadth, and
both ends being pointed. A very symmetrical one in the Museum is
broadest exactly at the middle, and very thin and transparent, and I have
another broken at the point. Mr. Gilchrist Clark has one of an elongated
form, 2 inches long, and f of an inch broad, broken off at the blunter end.
Fig. 30 is a beautifully wrought one, with the broadest part a little
towards the base, If inch long, 1 broad, and ^ thick in the middle, and one
face slightly concave. Fig. 31 is a small one in my cabinet, f of an

ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OP WIGTOWNSHIRE. 27

inch long and nearly f broad, in which the flint is whitened by age. I
have also an elongated form in my cabinet, Fig. 32, which is nearly 1^

Pio. so.— Leaf AiTow. Enocksereb, Fio. SI.— Leaf Arrow. Fio. 82.— Le»f Arrow.

Tom, Old Lace. Full sue. Tom, Old Luce. Full die. Tom, Old Luce. Full size.

inch long, ^ broad, and ^ thick, with the sides somewhat concave between
the broadest part and the point.

§ 2. Lozenge-shaped Arrow-heads, with four straight sides meeting in
angles, which in some specimens are exact, and in others more or less
rounded or blunt, and the four sides nearly equal. Fig. 33 measures
almost 1 inch in length, | in breadth,

and J in thickness. Fig. 34 is ^ | I

long, ^ broad, and ^ thick. Z | I

have one, broken at the point, with I I

the angles very distinct, but the sides I I

not quite symmetricaL Mr. GUchrist

™ 1 1 VI.- Fro. SS. Flo. 8*.

Clark has a very pretty one, which is Lownge Arrows. Torrs, Old Luce. Foil size.

1 inch long, f of an inch broad, and

f in length on each side, &om the broadest part to the point, and -^ inch

on each side to the base.

§ 3. Lanceolate Arrow-heada — Mr. M'Douall of Logan has one in which
the base is formed into a shaft-stem, running out with a slight curve to the
broadest part It is I^ inch long, f broad, and -^ thick, somewhat rudely
formed, and white with age, and is the only specimen of this type I have
seen.

§ 4. Triangular Arrow-heads. — There are none of the cuneate or chisel-
ended form. Fig. 35 represents one with the base straight, 1-J inch long,

38 ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIKE

1-^ broad, and ^ thick, of black flint. In some specimens the waved base

Fio. 85.— Triacgular Arrow. FiQ, S8. — Unequally Flo. 87. Fro. 88.

High Tom, Old Luce. barbed Arrow. Mid Arrows without shnrt-stcniB.

FnU size. Torra, Old Lnoe. Torrs, Old Lnoe. Full size.

Fnlldze.

shows the transition to the form with a shaft-stem and barbs. One of this
type, from Ayrshire, will be found figured on page 57 of this volume.

§ 5. Barbed arrow-heads. — There are many varieties of these. First :
Without shafi-stem — a transition from the triangular type. Some are found
with a conco/ve base. Fig. 36 represents one which is IJ inch long, § broad,
and ^ thick ; another transition form to the barbed arrow-heads, being un-
equally barbed.

Fig. 37 represents a broad form, from the cabinet of Mr. Gilchrist Clark.*

It is l-]^ inch long, and ^ broad, with the barbs cut off a quarter of an inch

broad. Fig. 38 represents a very pretty specimen, broken at the point.

It is of whitish flint, finely wrought. If inch long, and -J broad, with the

barbs cut oflF square an eighth of an inch broad.

jmj^ Second : Single or uneqtiaUy barbed arrow-heads. See

^^■^ Third : A type with short shaft-stem and expanded barbs

^'Arrow-he^'" ^^ showu in Fig. 39, which may be described as date or

whitecrook, wiugcd. This speclmcn measures rather more than -J inch

in length, and ^ in breadth. There are narrower forms,

with short stems.

Fourth : Mr. M'Douall of Logan has a hastate form, with a large stem

1 This cut, with two others, is presented to Speddoch, who has &Uo kindly sent me photo-
the Association by J. Gilchrist Clark, Esq., of graphs of twelve urow-heads.

ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIRE. 29

widening &om the base, and the barbs cut straight across and running out
to a point, from which the sides are carried in a concave line to the tip.
This type is rare in Scotland.

Fifth ; With large shafi-stem and »niaU harba (Fig. 40). This speci-
men is thick in the middle and strongly made.
It measures 1^ inch in length, nearly f of an
inch in breadth, and has the stem broadest at
the base.

Sixth : With the barbs curved inioard
(Fig. 41). This specimen is rather more
than 1^ inch long and ^ broad, with the stem
cut nearly straight across. Mr. M'Douall of
Logan has a very cood specimen, with the *''*'■ *o-— Bro»d- Fio. 4i.— Barbed

° nil 1. 1 summed Arrow. Arrov. Totw,

sides a good deal more curved inwards to the Tor™,oidLtt«. Old Luce. FuU
tip of the barbs, and the shaft-stem rounded. "^ "**"

It is 1^ inch long, ^ broad, and J thick.

Seventh : With barbs and stem cut straight across. Mr.
Gilchrist Clark presents Fig. 43, representing a very pretty
specimen of this tjrpe in his cabinet, which is nearly 1 inch
long, and ^ of an inch broad, with the sides slightly convex.
Eighth : A variety occurs with the sides concave, and
Fia. *2.— Barbed hollowcd out at the base between the stem and barbs.
AiTow. Torn, Old Ninth : Another variety has straight sides and pointed
barbs.
Tenth : Mr. Gilchrist Clark presents an engraving (Fig.
43) of a very beautiful specimen in his cabinet with finely
serrated sides, which measures rather more than 1^ inch in
length, and ^ of an inch in breadth.

I have seen 125 arrow-heads which have been found in
Glenlucc A farmer gave the late Colonel M'Douall of Logan fio. m.— Barbed
about 25 barbed ones, which are missing at present ; and ^'' i"*'^ "ff",

o c ' n-teA. Torre, Old

about twenty years ago a young ploughman found in a Luce. Fniidze.
hole in the sand about 20 barbed ones, which he took to America. Of
these arrow-heads about 90 were barbed, 70 leaf and lozenge shaped, and
5 triangular. A barbed arrow-head was picked up a few years ago in a field
near the Abbey of Luce, and several were got, along with a large quantity of

30 ANCIENT STONE IMPLEMENTS OF WIGTOWNSHIRK

chips, about 3^ feet below the surface in draming a spring at EjiockneeD,

Kirkcolm.

Javelin oc Spear heads. — Fig. 44 represents a speci-
men found on the shore of Macbermore Loch, Old Luce,
close to some lake-dwellings. It is 3 inches long and 1-^
inch broad, the point is broken off, and the surface has the
dendritic markings aometimea caused by long exposiire to
the atmosphere. I presented it to the Museum. An old
man in Eirkmaiden told me that many years ago he found
on the old beach at West Tarbet, beside the old fortifica-
tions, an elf-shot of black flint, about S inches long. It
was probably a spear or javelin head.

My introductory remarks, and many of the details
Fio « —jaTBiin-head. §^^®^ "^ HheBB Notcs, show why I havc not used the words
HachennoTe, Old Low. stotie age in the title of this paper. I have no doubt that
there was first a stone and then a bronze age in Scotland,
and that some of the implements I have described belong to the stone
age ; but the circumstances in which they have been found furnish no sure
criterion of their relative antiquity. Mr. Anderson has made a remark
which ought to be remembered : " In fact we have very little in Scotland
that can be relegated, on strict scientific principles, to the stone age, as that
is usually defined, viz. to the time when the people of this country were
wholly ignorant of metals." ' Perhaps this district may yet furnish addi-
tions to the scanty stock of ascertained relics of the Stone Age.

GEOEGE WILSON.
F. C. Mahsx, Olsnluci.

1 Proc. Soe. Ant. Sect, vol. li. p. 609.

11.

NOTICES OF ANCIENT URNS FOUND IN THE
CAIRNS AND BARROWS OF AYRSHIRE.

It is scarcely necessary to remind the archaeologist that to the graves of the
early races of Britain we owe the greater part of the knowledge we possess
of these races, as well as of the arts of war and peace as practised among
them. In various parts of the country, more especially of Scotland, under-
ground dwellings, long uninhabited, that from their situation have escaped
the ravages of time and the improving hands of succeeding generations, are
occasionally brought to light ; here and there, also, menhirs, cromlechs, and
stone circles of unknown antiquity, excite wonder at their size, or curiosity
as to the tribes by whom, and the purpose for which, they were set up ;
and on many of our hill-tops are to be seen the remains of the rude
strongholds in which a primitive people sought to make themselves
secure against marauding neighbours or foreign foes. But the informa-
tion regarding the men who reared these dwellings^ monmnents, and forts,
to be gathered from an inspection of their handiwork, is far less in extent
and value than what may be got from a careful examination of their final
resting-placea

Man of every clime, and in almost every stage of civilisation, seeks to
honour the memory of the mighty and the lamented dead by distinguishing
in some way the spot chosen as their last earthly home. In addition, how-
ever, to this instinctive feeling, of which the manifestations are widely varied
in design and construction, according to the circumstances of diflFerent
peoples and countries, motives, the origin of which can now be discerned
but obscurely, have sometimes led to weapons of war, personal ornaments,
and vessels of clay of different shapes and sizes, being laid in the graves of

32 ANCIENT UENS FOUND IN

those who may perhaps have worn or used them when alive. Thus^ an
examination of sepulchral barrows and cairns shows that the warrior chief
had often been interred with his axe-hammer of stone and knife-dagger of
flint or of bronze placed in his hand, and that females of distinction, as in
some such cases they may well be supposed to have been, had been decked
out after death with their ornaments of polished jet; while not seldom
" urns," to use the conmion, though not in every sense appropriate, designa-
tion — some accompanied with burnt bones, others empty — have been
discovered when ancient grave-mounds were accidentally or intentionally
disturbed

It is to these " urns " that the present paper, which will probably be
afterwards followed by one or more on Ayrshire deposits of this class, should
materials be provided, specially refers ; and its object is to give notices of
such as have been found within the limits of the county, and, when possible,
an account of the circumstances under which they were discovered. The
list is not put forth as by any means complete. Since it was drawn up the
existence of other specimens has been made known to the writer, the
description of which must now be deferred till a future occasion. But it is
hoped the beginning is made of what will be an exhaustive account of these
curious memorials of past times. It may be expected also that a greater
interest regarding them will be in tins way excited among those who have
it in their power to increase our knowledge by careful explorations in
localities where they are likely to occur, or by their preservation when
brought to light, as they often are, by the operations of the agricul-
turist. And by way of introduction, as weU as of aflFording some guide
to local explorers, it seems desirable to prefix a short account of the
tumuli beneath or in which deposits of the kind are generally found, of
the modes in which the bodies of the ancient dead have been disposed of,
and of the classes into which sepulchral "urns" have been divided by
archaeologists.

Grave-mounds are designated barrows or cairns, according as they are
composed of earth or of stone, both being sometimes included under the
former term. Local circumstances alone appear to have determined the
materials employed in raising thenu On the Yorkshire wolds and the Wilt-
shire plains they are, as might be expected, commonly made of earth, while
in our own part of the country gravel or stones have been frequently

THE CAIRNS AND BARROWS OF AYRSHIRK 33

employed. Within or below them bodies were deposited either by inhuma-
tion, or after being reduced to ashes by fire. Which of these methods was
first practised in Britain cannot as yet be positively determined. We may,
indeed, suppose that burial would suggest itself to a primitive people as the
most natural way of disposing of their dead, and that cremation was a refine-
ment of a later age, adopted to prevent dishonour being done to the remains
of the departed by barbarous foes or ravenous beasts/ or from some vague
notions of the purifying influences of fire. It so far accords with this
supposition that in the long-shaped barrows, usually regarded as the oldest,
cremation is the exception.^ There are, however, instances of it ; while in
the more numerous round-shaped mounds both methods would seem to have
been employed contemporaneously.^ When the body was burned, the ashes
were collected, and frequently placed in an earthenware jar or um ; but it
must be borne in mind that in a large, indeed the larger, number of such
interments no urn is found, nor is there any reason to believe one had been
used. The unburnt body, as a rule, was laid on its side in a contracted
state, with the head leaning forward and the knees drawn up, probably the
position in which, in an age that the sick had but little external protection
against cold, natural warmth was best fostered, and in which, therefore, it
had been left when life had departed.* Vessels, likewise called "urns,"
sometimes lie beside such bodies. The mounds are often found occurring
in groups ; and in many of the larger ones there have been interments at
an earlier and a later period, distinguished respectively as primary and
secondary. Attempts, more or less successful, have been made by difierent
writers to classify barrows according to their shape.* Founding on this, Sir
R. C. Hoare distinguishes as many as eleven varieties. But it is suJEcient
for pur present purpose to regard them as circular and long. The ordinary
circular barrow or cairn is perfectly simple in its structure. It has been at
first raised above remains placed either on the ground or in a grave more or
less sunk beneath the natural surface, sometimes without any protection

^ Sir R. C. Hoare, Ancieiit Wiltshire^ pp. 23, 24. {Ancient Wiltshire, p. 24) quotes Genesis, chap.

* Thumam, Arckasologia, xlii. p. 191. xlix. 33.
' GreenweU and RoUeston, British Barrows, p.

19^ 'Sir Richard C. Hoare, AncierU Wiltshire, vol. i.

* Evans, Ancient Stone Implements of Great -p^, 19-22 ; Wileon, Prehistoric Annals of Scotland
Britain, p. 135; GreenweU, British Barrows, p. (1st ed.), p. 44; Thumam, Archaoloffia, xlii. p.
24. In this connection, Sir R C. Hoare 168, and xliiL p. 290.

34 ANCIENT URNS FOUND IN

whatever, but often, in Scotland at least, surrounded and covered by stone
slabs, called a kistvaen, or cist. The dimensions of this latter receptacle
vary greatly, irrespective of whether burial has taken place by inhumation
or after cremation. The long barrow or cairn, which, as some think, is the
older form of the two, is characterised by its greater length in proportion to
its breadth ; its direction, which generally runs from east to west ; the
greater elevation of the eastern end ; and its frequently, though by no means
always, containing a chamber or chambers, to which a passage leads from or
near the exterior.^ In some chambered cairns, however, apparently of the
same age as the long barrows, the shape is oval or circular. As the long
barrows, though scattered over the length and breadth of the island, are
comparatively rare, we are prepared to find that but few of them occur in
Ayrshire. Indeed, there seems to be only one that at present can with any
degree of propriety be pointed out as representative of the class — ^that on
Cuff Hill, Beith; and it differs so much from all the others of which
we have any trustworthy account, that it cannot be taken as a typical
example.^ No systematic exploration of Ayrshire caims has ever been
made, as has been the case with those of Caithness and the barrows of
Wiltshire, Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Dorset, Cornwall,* and other parts of
England. In these circumstances there is little cause for wonder that
our knowledge of their contents is fragmentary. Even when they have
been opened, the records we have of the excavations are in most cases
defective.

A long series of years must have run their course during the period when
these mounds were being raised, of the exact commencement or termination
of which nothing definite can be said. A general conclusion may, however,
be drawn from the fact * that while weapons and articles of stone and of bronze
have been met with in them in considerable abundance, the latter being more
plentiful in the south than in the north, those of iron are extremely rare. This

1 Anderson, Proc. Soc, of Ant, of Scot,, voL vii. vL p. 442, and vol. vii. p. 480 ; Sir R C.

p. 481 ; Thumam, Arckceohgiaf xlii. pp. 169- Hoare, Ancieni Wiltshire; Greenwell, British

243. Barrows; Bateman, Ten Yeaxi Diggings; Warne,

* See "Notices of the Several Openings of a Celtic Tumuli of Dorset; Borlase, Nenia Cor-

Cairn on Cuff Hill, etc., by Robert Love, Esq., nubice.
F.SJL Scot" Proc Soc. of Ant. of Scot., voL xi.
p. 272. * Thumam, Archaologia, xlii. pp. 401-487 ;

3 See Anderson, Proc. Soc. of Ant. of Scot., vol. Greenwell, British Barrows, pp. 1 30-132.

THE CAIRNS AND BARROWS OF AYRSHIRE 35

circumstance seems to fix the age of even the less ancient of them^ in the
more settled parts of the country at least, to a period previous to the Roman
invasion of our island, by which time it is believed iron had come into
general use. But some of them may be later, while, no doubt, many date
from a period long antecedent. Even the names of the race or races that
lie beneath them cannot be given with certainty. It is often assumed that
they were all Celts, but there is no direct evidence in support of this con-
clusion. On the other hand, a continental archaeologist is of opinion that
weapons of stone are those of a people who had inhabited Western Europe
previous to the arrival of the Celts, and to whom bronze was unknown. " It
IB," says he, " scarcely a hasty conclusion that the Iberians were the stone-
using people, who were overcome by the Celtic bronze-using hordes, and
that the former were either extirpated by or became fused with the latter.
It is highly probable that the Iberians were the original inhabitants of
Ireland, and of several parts of Britain, and were there the stone-using people,
of whom there are so many traces. " *

As has been stated above, " urns " are among the articles most frequently
found in ancient grave-mounds, and are the earliest specimens we possess of
the art and skill of the native potter. They accompany both burnt and
unburnt bones. In shape, size, and ornamentation they differ greatly, as
well as in the quality of the clay of which they are formed, and the degree
of heat to which it has been exposed. Their colour ranges from a light red
to a brownish or dirty yellow. At one time it was thought they were
merely sun-dried, but a closer examination proves that they have undergone
to a greater or less extent the action of fire, though, as is shown when they
are fractured, the firing has been in most cases very imperfect. The style
of ornamentation applied to them consists chiefly of straight lines, but is
wonderfully diversified. *' The patterns," to use the words of one of our
most recent and most careful observers, " have been made by a sharp-pointed
instrument drawn over the moist clay, by stamping with a narrow piece of
bone or hard wood, cut into alternate raised and sunk squares, or simply

^ Professor Kejser, quoted by Thumam, Crania time, interesting observations, founded chiefly on

BrUannicaj voL i. p. 55. Fuller information, craniological data regarding the races that lie

however, than we at present possess may yet buried under the long and the round barrows

enable archseologists to solve these and similar respectively, will be found in British BarrowSy

questions with some degree of accuracy. Mean- pp. 121-130.

36 ANCIENT URNS FOUND IN

notched ; by rows of dotted markings, round, oval, and triangular, of greater
or less size ; by the impression of the finger nails ; and most commonly by
impressions of a twisted thong, generally made of a strip of hide, but
certainly, in many cases, of string manufactured out of some vegetable fibre,
and consisting in some cases of two, if not three, plaits. Curved lines and
circular markings, though they occur now and then, are imcommon, the
pattern being generally made up of straight lines arranged in cross, zigzag,
chevron, saltire, reticulated, and herring-bone fashion."*

" Urns " are generally arranged by writers on the subject in four classes —
named from the purposes for which some archaeologists suppose them to have
been employed in connection with ancient interments. These are cinerary
urns, " incense cups," « food vessels," and " drinking cups." » In one, if not
more of these classes, the designation is unfortunate, there being no certainty
whatever that the vessel had been used as assumed. These names, however,
have all become so associated with the objects to which they are generally
applied, that it is necessary to retain them here.

1. Cinerary Urns. — ^These are for the most part found either containing
calcined bones or inverted over them. In height they range from 1 to
1 7 inches, examples occasionally occurring that exceed or fall short of these
dimensions* They vary also so much in shape, that as many as seven
sub -classes have been distinguished by the late Dr. Thumam.* Usually
the upper part consists of a broad overhanging rim, more or less orna-
mented, though in many examples the decoration is not confined to this
part. In some the rim is surrounded by a concave space as broad or broader
than itself, below which the urn tapers to a comparatively small base. The
larger specimens, generally believed to be the most ancient, are of coarse
clay, mixed with small pebbles or gravel, and their walls are in most cases
thick.

2. Incense Cups. — Like the last class, these vessels also occur with
calcined bones. Judging, however, from recorded examples, they seldom
contain such bones. But they often occur among them, enclosed in cinerary

1 Greenwell, British Barrows, p. 65. Way, F.S.A., pp. 3-6 (reprinted for private

* Bateman, Ten Yeari Diggings, etc, p. 280 ; distribution from the Archceologia Cambrensis,

Hydriotaphia Cambrensis ; Ancient IiUemienis and 3rd series, voL xiv.) ; Greenwell, British

Sepulchral Urns found in Anglesey and North Barrows, p. 61 ; Thumam, Archceologia, xliii.

Wales, by the Hon. William Stanley and Albert p. 337. » lb, p. 345.

THE CAIRNS AND BARROWS OF AYRSHIRE. 37

urns, though sometimes lying at a little distance off. In size they vary
from 1^ to 3 inches in height, and in shape and appearance diflFer so much,
that it seems very doubtful whether they ought all to be grouped together
as is usually done. Thurnam recognises three sub-classes, to the third of
which he assigns no fewer than six varieties.^ The most common form is
that in which the sides are bevelled in towards a narrow mouth and base.
Very often these little vessels are pierced on one side with two small holes,
the true use of which has given rise to many conjectures. Rarely the per-
foration is single, while in other instances there is a pair of holes at opposite
sides. " Incense cups " were so named by Sir Richard Colt Hoare,^ from a
belief that they had been used to contain perfumes or unguents suspended
over the funereal fire — a supposition the correctness of which is open to
much doubt. They are made of purer paste, and are better burnt than the
vessels of the last class.

3. Food Vessels. — These are generally admitted to have been placed
beside the body as receptacles of food. They are shaped either like a flower-
pot or a bowl, and range from 5 to 6 inches in height. Some approximate
so closely in appearance and size to certain forms of the first class, that it is
not easy to determine in which of the two classes they ought to be placed.
Thurnam arranges them under four sub-classes.^ Food vessels are usually,
though by no means exclusively, found with unbumt bones, and in the
majority of cases are placed near the head. Whether beside unbumt or
burnt bones, they are almost invariably empty, but in some instances traces of
animal or vegetable matter have been found in them. The ornamentation
of some is rude and irregular, while of others it is most elaborate and
tasteful.

4. Drinking Cups. — Drinking cups are found only with unbumt bones,
and are generally laid near the shoulder of the skeleton. In Wiltshire, how-
ever, they have occurred more frequently near the feet. They are vessels of
a somewhat elegant form, often contracted towards the middle. In height
they vary from 6 to 9 inches. Their ornamentation is more uniformly pro-
fuse and elaborate than that of any of the other three classes. Thurnam
distributes them under three sub-classes.* A few specimens have occurred
having a handle at the side. The clay of which drinking cups are made has

^ ArchcBologia, xliii p. 359. * Archosologia, xliii. p. 378.

* Ancient WiltsJiire, voL i. p. 25. * Ih. p. 391.

38 ANCIENT URNS FOUND IN

been carefully tempered witli fine sand, and the vessels have been well baked.
Their present name was first applied to them by Sir R. C. Hoare ^ from a
supposition, apparently not ill founded, as to the purpose for which they
were used.

Specimens of all the four classes are found from Cornwall to the Orkneys,
though a class that is rare In certain localities may be the most abundant in
others. In Ayrshire — judging, however, only from what we at present know
of the examples it has yielded — the " food vessel " and the cinerary urn are
the most plentiful ; the " incense cup " has but seldom occurred, while the
" drinking cup " must be regarded as extremely rare. But fuller information
may alter this estimate. In now noticing Ayrshire " urns," it will be con-
venient to follow the ordinary classification.

1. Ayrshire Cinerary Urns.

The fine specimen of the first class of urns, here figured, was presented
in 1865 to the Museum of the Ayr
Mechanics' Institution by the repre-
sentatives of the late Dr. C. F. Sloan,
F.S. A. Scot., of Ayr. On the closing
of tlie Museum, after the sale of the
Mechanics' Library and the breaking
up of the Institution, it was removed
to a small dark apartment in the
Town's Buildings, along with the
miscellaneous collection of articles of
which it had formed a part

This urn, which is formed of a
coarse light-coloured clay, measures
17 inches in height; the diameter
of the mouth is 1 4^ inches, and that

Fio. 1.— Cinerary Uni. fomiautMoatiiiii, Ochiltree, of the basc 5 inchcs — dimensions
^"^^ *■ that are but seldom exceeded in any

vessels of the kind. Its sides are fully an inch in thickness, and its weight is

1 Aneitnl IVilUhirr, p. 35.

THE CAIRNS AND BARROWS OF AYRSHIRE. 39

considerable. The mouth is slightly ovaJ. There is a prominent overhanging
rim with a still broader concave belt beneath. The circumference of the upper
edge of this rim is 45^ inches, of the under, 48 inches. The ornamentation,
consisting of impressions apparently made by a twisted thong or sinew, is
mostly confined to the rim and to its lip, which is slightly bevelled off inwards.
These impressions are arranged some longitudinally, others in zig-zag fashion,
and also appear in the latter style on the bevelled edge of the rim. Deep
diagonal markings, as if made with some blunt instrument, are scattered
very irregularly over the inside of the rim here and there throughout its
whole breadth. The urn, which was at one time half full of calcined bones,
was found at the Moot or Moat hill of Ochiltree. The label formerly
attached to it is lost, but the testimony of several that had been connected
with the Mechanics' Museum is quite explicit on the point. Whether it is
identical with the urn mentioned in the following extract from the notice
of the parish of Ochiltree, in the New Statistical Account, has not been
ascertained ; but it is not unlikely that the two are one and the same : —
" At the toll-bar, on the road to Ayr, there is a place called the Moat, where,
a few years ago, was found an urn with calcined bones.'' i Old residents
who remember the circumstance say that the urn referred to in this extract
was discovered by workmen in making that portion of the Ajrr road by
which the steep ascent in the main street of the village may now be avoided.
This fixes the date at about the year 1838.

To those who were privileged to spend an occasional hour with Dr.
Sloan when his leisure permitted, the Ochiltree urn was a familiar object.
For years it lay in a comer of his consulting-room, carefully placed in a box
made for its reception. In many respects Dr. Sloan was a superior man.
To a thorough knowledge of his profession, and a most genial disposition,
he added intellectual gifts that made him a valuable friend and agreeable
acquaintance. His store of information on general subjects was large, and on
none did he dwell with greater enthusiasm than on the natural history and
antiquities of his native county, more especially when he found a sympathetic
listener. In the progress and prosperity of the Mechanics' Museum, as
calculated to promote a taste for such studies, he took a warm interest,
^and had he lived longer its fate might have been different. To the great
regret of a wide circle he was cut off in the very midst of his years and his

^ New SUiUitieal Account of Scotland, AyTshm, p. 109.

40 ANCIENT TENS FOUND IN

usefulness. Those who knew him will not, I feel sure, deem this brief
tribute to his memory out of place in the present volume; and others
may excuse it on learning that to him we owe the preservation of
nearly one half of the " urns " to be noticed in this paper as being still in
existence.

The urn to be next described is of the same type as the last, but of
smaller size. It is in the possession of Robert Hunter, Esq., of Hunterston,
Hon. Mem. Roy. Soc. of Antiquaries of Copenhagen, who has kindly pre-
sented the accompanying illustration of it.

The height of this urn is
7^ inches ; its diameter at
the mouth is 6^ inches, and
at the base 3^ inches. From
information obligingly fur-
nished by Mr. Hunter, as
well as from a notice of the
discovery in the New Statis-
tical Account of the Pariah
of West Kilbride,' we learn
that it was found in 1830
by workmen employed in
making the turnpike rofid
fromKilrusken to Chapelton,
at a place called Seamill,
in the immediate neighbourhood of an early circular fort. The decoration
extends from the rim over the whole of the concave belt, on the latter of
which it is arranged in a lozenge-shaped pattern, while on the rim it takes
the form of perpendicular lines. Round the top and bottom of the rim,
as well aa the base of the belt, run similar encircling lines. The markings
on the rim, as well as those on the belt, seem to have been produced by a
twisted cord. Along with this urn was found another, which was pre-
sented at the time to the Museum of Anderson's College, Glasgow, where
it may possibly still be.

In addition to these two existing examples of cinerary urns, there is, I
am informed, a very large one in the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow, marked

' New Statidical Account of Scotland, Aynhin, -p. 258.

THE CAIRNS AND BARROWS OF AYRSHIRE 41

as from the " neighbourhood of Girvan," which probably belongs to the same
class ; and among some newspaper notices of objects gifted to the Mechanics'
Museum the following occurs under the date of 1840 : — "A fragment of an
urn, with bones in it as discovered, was presented by Mr. Andrew, Fail
Mill (Tarbolton), on whose farm three entire urns were lately found, which
unfortunately crumbled away on exposure to the air."

The writer of the New Statistical Account of the Parish of Ayr, after
mentioning that British urns of rude baked clay have frequently been found
all over the lower part of the county, adds : — " One of the largest and most
beautiful of these urns was found some years ago near the banks of the
Doon, among a collection of ancient bones —

' Beneath the cairn
Where hunters found the murdered bairn.' " ^

It is not known whether the specimen thus referred to still exists or not,
but its occurrence proves the famous cairn to have been sepulchral ; and the
short description given of the relic renders it pretty certain that were the latter
again brought to light it would be found to be either a cinerary urn or a
'* drinking cup,'' most likely the former. In the notices of other Ayrshire
parishes in the same publication, " urns " that, from their containing burnt
bones, were in all likelihood cinerary are mentioned. Thus, in the account

of Dairy we read : — " On the lands of Linn four urns were found

containing burnt human bones. At Auchingree two similar urns were also
discovered. About ten years ago an urn was discovered near Blair House
containing burnt bones, and ashes apparently of coal. A part of the jaw-
bone was unconsumed, which, with the remains of the urn, is in the posses-
sion of the gardener at Blair." ^ The writer of the account of Dundonald
says : — " On the line of railroad passing through the farm of Barassie an
earthen urn was found in 1839. It was filled with the usual complement
of calcined bones, and from the coarseness of the material and rudeness of
the workmanship, it seems rather to have been of British than of Boman
manufacture. It was unfortunately broken in the course of extraction, and
the fragments have found their way into the private museum of Colonel
Blair of Blair." ^ The minister of the parish of Stewarton writes in 1840 : —
" About thirty years ago, while Mr. Deans of Peacockbank was rooting out

1 New Statistical Account of Scotkmd^ Ayrshire, p. 40. * lb, p. 220. ' Ih. p. 667.

42 AJJCIENT UENS FOUND IN

some trees in a small plantation, on Camduff Brae, on his property, he dis-
covered three urns containing human bonea. The urns were covered with
a great quantity of stones, forming, it is conjectured, one of those caims in
which the ancient inhabitants of this country buried their dead." ^ In the
notice of the parish of Beith, by the late James Dobie, Esq., of Crummoek,
F.S.A. Scot., we are told that "on afieldinthelandsof Townend of Threep-
wood, about thirty-6ve years ago (i.e. about 1804), there was found a large
vase of burnt clay, of a size capable of containing about six gallons. In it
there was a considerable quantity of burned bones. The vase broke on
being handled and exposed to the air, and soon crumbled into dust"*

The " urns" mentioned in these extracts cannot of course all be posi-
tively set down aa cinerary. But if the accounts are trustworthy, and
there is no reason to suspect the contrary, the greater number may be
fairly reckoned as such, from the fact of their being stated to have contained
burnt bonea. Similar notices are found iu the Old Statistical Account
(Sir John Sinclair's) of several Ayrshire parishes, which, in order to make
the record of Ayrshire " urns " and barrows more complete, may perhaps be
collected on another opportunity.

2. Ayeshire " Incense Cups."

The late Mr. Dobie of Crummoek, in his notice of the parish of Beith,

adds, immediately after the extract already quoted regarding the discovery

of the cinerary urn at Townend of Threepwood : — " Within it there was

found a small open urn of hard burned clay,

and at a short distance from it another

small urn was found by itself ; probably the

larger one, in which this last had been placed,

was destroyed without being noticed." * One

of these small urns has been preserved, and was

lately presented to the Museum of the Society

of Antiquaries of Scotland by John Shedden

Fio. 8.-incense Cup, found at Threep- Dobie, Esq., F.S. A. Scot., who, in Appendix

^ood. Scale J. jjq m ^f j^i^ edition of Pout's Cuning-

hame (Glasgow, 1876), has given an engraving of it from a photograph,

which, by his kind permission, is reproduced here. It is an " incense cup "

1 Ntno Statietieal Account ofScolUitid, Ayrohire, p. 73-1. ' lb. p. 678. * lb. iU aiUea.

THE CAIRNS AND BABJKOWS OF AYESHIRE. 43

with two perforations, and, aa will be seen from the engraving (Fig. 3), ia
perfectly plain. It is 2 inches high, 2i^ inches wide at the mouth, and 1,^
inches at the bottom. The distance between the perforations, from the
inner edge of each, la -^ inch.

In the year 1851a very remarkable example of this class (Fig. 4) was
found at Grenoch, parish of Straiton, by workmen engaged in preparing the
foundations for a new dwelling-house. The site chosen was occupied by an
artificial mound of earth, and in clearing it away a number of urns were
exposed, containing burnt bones, several having in addition smaller urns
lying inside them along with these bones. Except the " incense cup " here
figured, the urns are said to have been all broken, or rather to have fallen
to pieces as soon as touched.

Hearing of this discovery. Dr. Sloan
visited Genoch some time afterwards,
where he got details of it from the ten-
ant, who at the same time presented
him with the "incense cup" and its
contents. Unfortunately, he does not
seem to have committed the informa-
tion he then received to writing, no re-
cord of it being now among his papers.

The little " urn" is 3 inches in height,
3 inches in diameter at the mouth, and 2^ at the base. Its greatest
circumference is 15 inches. On one side, and in the line of this circumfer-
ence, there are two holes about 1| inch apart (Fig. 5). The " cup " is nearly
full of burnt bones and ashes, and accompanying it is a round piece of
baked clay, 3^ inches in diameter, and perforated near the centre with a
single hole (Fig. 6). This Kd or top, which Dr. Sloan believed to have been
found lying on the cup when discovered, ia much thicker, and made of coarser
clay than the cup itself, and has been thoroughly burnt, showing, where a
part of the edge has been broken oflF, no black fracture, as urns, owing to
imperfect firing, so frequently do. The ornamentation is simple, being con-
fined to incised lines, four of which encircle the mouth, six the middle, and
four the base. The walls of the " cup " are comparatively thin, and formed
of clay well prepared and fired.

a ANCIENT URNS FOUND IN

The particulars stated above in regard to the discovery of this very
interesting object have been furnished by Mrs. M'Clive, widow of the

Fios. 5 ind 3. — The wme Cup, showing (Fig. G) the holes in the sidei, and (Fig. 6)
the perforated lid. Scale i-

former tenant of Genoch, and by Miss Sloan, from recollections of what she
had heard her brother say. They are all that I have as yet been able to obtain.
But two points are of importance.

At first sight, and considering the fact that in no instance, so far as I
know, has any such appendage been elsewhere foimd with an " incense cup,"
and only in a few rare cases with " food vessels," one is inclined to doubt
whether the connection of this lid or top with the little cup is anything more
than accidental. Even were it ascertained beyond all doubt that it was
found lying on the latter, it might possibly have been used, as coming
readily to hand, merely to protect the enclosed bones, in the same way that
slabs of stone are often found laid on the mouths of large cinerary ums
evidently for this purpose. On the other hand, its size, exactly a quarter
of an inch larger in diameter than the mouth of the cup, and the existence
of the hole near its centre, as if intended to serve the same use, whatever
that was, as those in its side, seem to point in another direction. While
more explicit evidence of its having originally belonged to the cup than has
been given is no doubt desirable, the two cannot, I think, be in the mean-
time dissociated.^

> Since the above was written, the evidence of one of the workmen that had
been employed in levelling the mound has fortunately been obtained — James
Crombie, labourer, Straiton. On being questioned by Mr. A. K, lUlston, the present
tenant of Genoch, he gave additional information about the discovery of the " incense
cup," which it seems best to record here in Mr. Ealston's words in a letter to me,
dated 29th April 1878. "I did not see Crombie till yesterday afternoon, as he was

THE CAIRNS AND BARROWS OF AYRSHIRE. 45

Of equal interest are the contents of this '* incense cup." From their
small size it was evident even to the unscientific that the bones were those of
a young person. But as it was expedient to have the point authoritatively
determined, they were examined at my request by Wm. Turner, Esq., M.D.,
Professor of Anatomy in the University of Edinburgh, who obligingly
famished me in writing with the following statement : — " Numerous frag-
ments of human bones, which had evidently been subjected to the action of
fire, were submitted to me by Dr. Macdonald, of the Ayr Academy. These
bones had been found in a small ' incense cup/ They were the bones of a
child apparently in its fifth or sixth year. The evidence of the bones being
those of a child is to be found in the palatal and alveolar part of the upper
jaw, which is in a fair state of preservation, in the fragment of a cervical
vertebra, and in the terminal phalanx of one of the fingers." In an exami-

late of getting home on Saturday night. He gave me the following particulars about
the urns found here : —

" 1. The mound where the urns were found was natural, and only about 3 feet
of the soil, which is a light gravel, was taken ofif the top, in order to level the ground
for the present farmhouse. They were discovered on the very top, within 1^ feet
of the surface, and would not be more than a few yards apart.

" 2. There were a good many urns, probably about a dozen, but Crombie could
not give the exact number. Every one of them contained burnt bones and ashes.

'' 3. The small urn was within a larger one, burnt bones and ashes being in both
urns when found. The large um was unfortunately broken by the pick of one of
the workmen, the lid of the small one suffering slightly from the same cause. This
lid was on it when found.

" 4. There was no protection whatever round the urns.

" 5. The urns were all standing on their narrow bases.

" 6. The mound where the urns were foimd is called ' Knockerrennie Knowe,'
and is supposed to have been at one time used as a buiial-place. All the urns,
except the one you write about, were broken by the workmen's tools, and were cast
aside among the rest of the debris. Some of the broken pieces were covered over
with carved work, more especially those of the large one containing the small one."

Crombie's account^ the accuracy of which is shown by his mention of " carved
work " on some of the broken pieces, not only confirms in every respect the state-
ments made in the text on the authority of others, but adds considerably to our
knowledge of the circumstances in which the Genoch " incense cup " was discovered.
One cannot help regretting, though the regret is now a vain one, that nothing else
has been preserved of this interesting " find."

46 ANCIENT URNS FOUND IN

nation of the ashes the experienced eye of Mr, Joseph Anderson, Keeper of
the Museum of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, detected two fragments
of a bronze pin, one of them about an inch in length.

So rarely in the Rev. Canon Greenweirs experience have burnt bones
been found in " incense cups," that he says of the latter that when dis-
covered they " invariably accompany deposits of burnt bones, placed both
amongst and upon them, but scarcely ever, except accidentally, containing
them."^ The late Mr. Dobie of Crummock, in his notice of the parish of
Beith already referred to, puts forward the opinion that they " were doubt-
less for receiving the ashes of the brain and heart, while those of the
body were lodged in the larger vessel,'' a supposition which has had its
supporters. On the other hand, Mr. Llewellynn Jewitt considers that these
small vessels, " from their usually containing calcined bones, were the recep-
tacles for the ashes of the infant, to be buried along with those of its mother," ^
and the same archaeologist has more recently proposed to call them " Immo-
lation Urns," from a belief that they were " intended to receive the ashes of
the infant, perhaps sacrificed at the death of its mother," and made small,
'* so as to admit of being placed within the larger urn containing the ashes
of the parent."* Dr. John Alex. Smith, in a paper read some years ago
before the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland on a small ** incense cup "
discovered in Fifeshire filled with indurated ashes, amongst which were the
bones of a child, and enclosed in a larger urn, says more cautiously : —
" There is no doubt, from the instance I have described, as well as from the
others referred to, that in some cases, at least, these small urns were actually
used to contain the ashes of an infant, buried, in all probability, along with
the ashes of its mother."* The Genoch " incense cup " adds another to these
instances, its contents, however, being not those of an infant, but of a child
of still tender years.

Very great diversity of opinion exists among archaeologists, not only as to
the use for which " incense cups," so called, had been employed in connection
with ancient interments, but also as to whether they had previously served

^ British Barrows, -p, 18. supposed to contain the remains of infants and

^ Grave Mauiids and their Contents, p. 107. found in larger ones, see Hydriotaphia Cambrensisy

* The Ceramic Art of Great Britain^ vol. i. p. 4. etc, p. 12, and Transaction of the International

* Proc, Soc, of Ant. of Scot., vol. ix. p. 207. Congress of Prehistoric Ardueolo^y, vol. iii. pp.
For other cases besides Dr. Smith's of small urns 383, 384, 386.

THE CAIRNS AND BARRON'S OF AYRSHIRR 47

any domestic purpose before being ao used. This latter question ha£ also been
raised in regard to the other three classes of sepulchral pottery, as will be
afterwards briefly noticed. The opinion which led Sir Richard Colt Hoare
to give the class now under consideration its present name is by no means
generally accepted. According to others, they were lamps,^ censers, or
chafers, for conveying fire,* or Bait-cellars. If, " incense cups " were domes-
tic as well as sepulchral vessels, it seems to me highly probable that, differing
as many of them do from one another in almost every respect but size,
the various forms may have been put to distinct economic uses.

3. Aybshirb "Food Vessels."

Fig. 7 represents a " food vessel " from Dr. Sloan's collection. It is of
coarse dark clay, somewhat inelegant in shape, and marked " Skeldon, Ayr-
shire." Nothing more than this is known regarding its history. The
markings, which are impressions of a twisted thong arranged in perpendicular

Flo. 7.— "Food Vessel," from SkelJoii. Scale \. Flo. 8.— Auotber "Food Vessel," from Skeldon. Seals i-

and diagonal lines, extend over its whole outer surface. In some places the
spaces between them are filled up by triangular-shaped punctures, made

* fiircli, Aneiejit Potlery and Fortdain, vol. iL p. 380. ' Hydriotapliia Cambrtrui', p. 73.

48 ANCIENT UENS FOUND IN

with a blunt instrument. Kound the upper edge of its mouth are three
encircling lines of corded impressions, and a narrow but well-marked groove
runs roimd the outer surface about an inch and a half &om the top, below
which it begins to bevel oflF towards the base. This " urn " is 4-J inches
high, 4^ inches wide at the mouth, and 2J inches at the base.

Another " food vessel " from the same locality (Fig. 8) is in Dr. Sloan's
collection. It also is 4^ inches high, but its width at the mouth is 5^ inches,
while at the base it is only 2-^ inches. It is more tasteful in shape than its
companion. The upper part is surrounded by a broad concave belt. Round
this belt and the upper edge of the mouth are circling lines of cord-like
impressions. Immediately below comes a slight groove, in which are four
knob-like projections at irregular intervals. In some " food vessels " such
projections are often pierced in the direction of the groove. The lower
portion is encircled by five similar lines, or shallow grooves, the spaces
between which are all ornamented by diagonal lines drawn with a sharp
instroment in herring-bone fashion.

The "urn" represented by
Fig. 9 was formerly in the
collection of the Ayr Mechanics'
Museum, and was presented to
it in 1840 by Mr. James Hun-
ter, Law, parish of Tarbolton,
on whose farm it was dug up
about the year 1831. "It was
found," says a short notice of
it that appeared in the Ayr
newspapers at the time it was
gifted to the Museum, " placed
on a rock, and covered with
Fio. B.— "Fi>odVBi«ei,"foimiiatLaw. Tar!)oiton. upwards of three fcet of earth.
^ "i- It contained no bones, but was

blackened as if it held ashes of animal matter."

The walls of this " food vessel " are of very coarse clay. Nearly all the
outer surface is ornamented, but after a rude fashion. Round the upper
edge of the mouth axe three lines of the twisted cord pattern ; other three
encircle it below the slightly beaded rim. Then foUows a band formed of a

THE CAIRNS AND BARROWS OF AYRSHIRE. 49

series of slight depressions, which are ornamented in chevron fashion.
Below this are other two lines of the twisted cord type, and then, where the
circumference of the body is greatest, an encircling groove, indented by two
rows of punctures, and having seven scarcely raised projections similarly
marked. The rest of the outer surface down to the base is occupied by three
bands, with similar rows of punctures, separated from the groove and from
one another by three or four rows of thong-like impressions. The " um " is
5^ inches high, 5^ inches wide at the mouth, and 2| inches at the base.

In the same collection was another urn which is unfortunately no longer
entire. The firagments show it to have been bowl-shaped, as well as taste-
fully moulded and ornamented, but the firing has been very imperfect. Its
height is 4| inches, its diameter at the mouth is 5 J inches, and at the base 2 J
inches. The label which had been attached to it in the Mechanics' Museum
is lost ; and among the newspaper notices of articles presented, no one likely
to answer can be found, except the following, dated August 1849 :— "A
Koman {sic) sepulchral um, in excellent preservation, found in a field near
Maybole, presented by Mr. Hugh M'Millan, Maybole. " But this identifica-
tion is by no means certain.

The ornamentation of this
" food vessel " is somewhat
complicated and peculiar.^ The
lip or upper edge of the mouth
is scored with diagonal lines.
Just below the rim come seve-
ral encircling lines, indistinctly
dotted as if with a finely-
toothed instrument, and then
a band so incised with trian-
gular depressions as to have a

■ form. At the line of '''°- "-" ^'^ ''"^'■" ""^^ ^' "'?'"'« ^'^- ^=^^ *■

greatest circumference is an encircling ridge scored with perpendicular
markings ; an inch and a half below is another, the space between being
adorned in nearly the same way as the rather broader space between the
first ridge and the mouth. Below the second ridge is a thin band with
zigzag markings, between which and the bottom notched lines cross each

' The engraring, being from a photograph, doM not ahow the tnarkingi veiy diatinctlj.

50 ANCIENT XniNS FOUND IN

other in diagonal fashioD. The bottom, as is shown in Fig. 1 1, is slightly
ornamented with eight lunate depressions rovmd the edge, giving the whole
a star-like appearance.^

The occurrence of any kind of decoration on the
bottoms of " food vessels" is a very rare feature, at least
L in British examples ; but there are Irish specimens in
which they are thus ornamented, after a radiating or
stellate fashion. On the bottoms of English " incense
cups " a cruciform pattern is by no means uncommon.
Bottom of "Fi^Ve*- Kg- 12 is from the Lanfine Collection.* Its dimen-

*ei," shown in Fig. 10. g^Qjjg ^^ 3| judies high, 4^ inches in diameter at the
mouth, and 1 J inches at the base. Thb " food vessel " is one of those
mentioned in the following extract from the New Statistical Accotcnt of
the Parish of St. Quivox : — " Several small earthen urns were lately dis-
covered in levelling a sandbank at Content. . . . They are now in
the possession of Dr. Memes, rector of the Ayr Academy." *

The ornamentation is very dis-
tinctly seen in the engraving, and
consists of diagonal lines scattered
over the whole surface, and arranged
more or less closely in herring-bone
fashion. Round the greatest circum-
ference of the body runs a groove,
with several knob-like projections.

Another of the Content " Urns "
(Fig. 1 3) remains the property of Mrs.
Hemes. Its height is 4-^ inches, and its
diameter at the mouth 4-J inches, at
the base 2^ inches. The ornamenta-
tion is elaborate, and covers the whole outer surface, including part at least
of the bottom. The bevelled upper surface of the lip, which is f meh
in thickness, is encircled by two rows of dot-hke depressions, that have a

I Both in its shape and some details of ita 'Sec page 65.

decoretion this " food vee«el " beam conHderable ' New StatitUcfU Account of Scotland, Ayr-

resemblaace to an Irieh example figured by aliire, p. 120.

Thiiiiiam,j4reh(R'^('>, iliil p. 381. * Illu«tntion preaented by Mies Brown of

Lanfine.

THE CAIRNS AND BAKROWS OF AYESHIEE. 61

very small prominence in the centre of each, alternating with the same
number of rows of closely-aet notches. Round the projecting rim is an-
other row of dot-like depressions. Below the
rim a belt, IJ in. in breadth, is filled by
perpendicnlar rows of notches, in the broader
spaces between which are incised lines ar-
ranged in herring-bone fashion. This is fol-
lowed at the greatest circumference of the
" urn " by an encircling line of notched mark-
inira and two rather narrow bands, divided ^'° la—Auothw " Food v*wei.-'

'=' p 1 1 , ''"'"^ "t Content Scale {.

by perpendicular rows of notches into oblong

portions, in the centre of each of which is a longitudinal line of similar
notches. Eight bands, separated by sharply cut lines, and covered with
incisions made after herring-bone pattern, occupy the rest of the surface,
except round the bottom, where there is a band divided and notched in
the same way as those on the greatest circumference. Round the inner
edge of the bottom, of which the greater part has been unfortunately
broken oflF, runs a row of closely set notches, enclosing zigzag lines of the
same, as shown in the engraving.

Two Ayrshire " food vessels," to be seen in the collection of the Society
of Antiquaries of Scotland, are here figured.

FlO. IS.— Another fonnd our
Cutle. Sodif

In size and general appearance the Kirkhill "food vessel" (Fig. 14)
bears a close resemblance to the Skeldon one (Fig. 7). It is ornamented
by punctures arranged in nearly perpendicular lines. The height of this
" urn " is 4^ inches, the diameter of its mouth is 4J inches, and of the base 3
inches. The Eglinton" food vessel" (Fig. 15) is not entire, but enough remains

52 ANCIENT UENS FOUND IN

to show its original fonn. It is undecorated, except by two encircling
ridges which divide its outer surface into three nearly equal parts. Its
height is 7 inches ; diameter at the mouth 6 inches, and at the base 2f
inches.

In the Hunterian Museum there is a " food vessel " found at Ladyland,
Balbimie, and presented to that collection by the late "William Cochran,
Esq., of Ladyland. It will likely be described in a succeeding paper.

In the New Statistical Account of the Parish of Tarbolton, the Rev. Mr.
Ritchie thus describes the opening in May 1837 of " King Coil's Tomb," so
called, and its contents, so far as then examined : — " To the south of Coils-
field House, and immediately west of the farm-offices, is a circular mound.
. . . . On the centre and highest part of this mound are two large
stones, masses of basalt, which, according to tradition, mark the spot where
the mortal remains of Old King Coil were deposited.'' When these stones
were removed "the centre of the mound was found to be occupied by
boulder stones, some of them of considerable size ;" and, at the depth of
about four feet the excavators " came on a flag-stone of a circular form,
about three feet in diameter," under which " was first a quantity of dry
yellow sandy clay, then a small flag-stone laid horizontally, covering the
mouth of an urn filled with white-coloured burnt bones. In removing the
dry clay by which this urn was surrounded, under flat stones, several
small heaps of bones were observed, not contained in urns, but carefuUy
surrounded by the yellow coloured clay mentioned above. . . . The urn
is 7^ inches in height, 7^ inches in diameter, and f ths of an inch in thick-
ness. It has none of those markings, supposed to have been made by the
thumb nail, so often to be observed on sepulchral urns, and it has nothing
of ornament except an edging or projecting part about half-an-inch firom
the top. No implements of any description could be found. . . . Other
urns were found less indurated, and so frail as to fall to pieces when
touched." ^ The urn of which the dimensions are given is understood to
have been taken to Eglinton Castle by the late Mr. Johnston, then factor
for the Earl of Eglinton. These urns were probably all " food vessels."

1 New Statistical Account of Scotland, Ayrshire, p. 752.

THE CAIENS AND BARROWS OF AYRSfflRE.

"Drinking Cdps."

Of these, only one example cod. here be recorded with certainty. It was
found in the course of some explorations in a tumulus called the " Court-
hill," in the parish of Dairy, as elsewhere described in the present volume '
by Mr. Cochran-Patrick of Woodside, as well as in a paper read by him
some time ago before the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, and published
in their Proceedings.* On opening a trench into the tumulus, as will be
seen from the account of the operations, a line of small boulders and stones
was met with, which led to a cairn, partly sunk below and partly raised
above the original surface. On removing this cairn a flat sandstone was
reached, and all about lay fragments of what, when collected and put
together, proved to be a fine "drinking cup," minutely and elaborately
ornamented. Around it are five belts or bands at
about equal distances from each other, covered with
lines of punctures, diagonally set and arranged in her-
ring-bone fashion. Bound the mouth and base, and
in the spaces between the belts, are a number of regu-
lar rows of minute dotted markings. The height of
this " drinking cup " is 9^ inches ; the mouth is 6§
inches in diameter, the base 3| inches.

Before leaving Ayrshire " urns " for the present,
a single remark has to be made on a question already 'found Tt Co^ffthH^ Di1^.
referred to, that has given rise to much discussion. St«ia i.
Setting altogether aside the consideration of the particular funereal
purpose for which " urns " of all the four classes may have been used, were
they, it is sometimes asked, made specially to be deposited with the dead,
or are they articles that, previous to being so deposited, had been in daily
use for the purposes of common life ? By many eminent foreign, and not a
few of the most sagacious of British, archseologists, the opinion is held that

' See p. 65. countj of Ayr, by B. W, Cochmn-Patrick, Esq.,

'"Note of Home Exploratioiu in a Tunmlus, RA., LL.B., F5,A Scot" Proc. Soe. 0} A-nX. of
caUed the Court-Hill, in the pamh of Dairy aod Sectland, voL x. p. 281.

54 ANCIENT UENS FOUND IN CAIENS AND BAEROWS OF AYKSHIRE.

they were all specially manufactured for the object to which they were
devoted, as we now find them. Not to mention others, Canon Greenwell,
whose opinion is entitled to the highest respect, comes to this conclusion,
which is perhaps that of the greater number of those who have given the
matter some attention/ On the other hand, the late Mr. Albert Way pro-
nounced very decidedly in favour of the " probability that aU the so-called
sepulchral vessels, without exception, may have been fabricated for the
ordinary purposes of daily life.''* Dr. J. A. Smith, in the paper already
quoted, is inclined to take the same view, and calls attention to the fact
that hand-made vessels, quite as rude in style and ornamentation, have
been in use in the Hebrides in our own day as domestic utensils.' Curious
and interesting as the subject is, it must not be pursued farther here. The
series of volumes of which the present is the first is intended to be a store-
house of facts rather than a medium for discussing probabilities. It was a
true insight into the proper spirit in which all such investigations ought to
be conducted that led the great Wiltshire antiquary,* the first scientific
inquirer into that branch of archseology to which the present paper belongs,
to choose as the motto of his magnificent volumes, " We speak from facts,

not theory."

JAMES MACDONALD.

Ayr, April 1878.

1 British Barwm, pp. 103-109. • Proc, Soc, of Ant. of Scotland, vol. ix. p.

204.

2 Hydriotaphia GambrendBy etc., pp. 67-76. * Sir Richard Colt Hoare.

PLAN & SECTIONS OF EXCAVATIONS, COURTHILL, DALRY.

Section N? 2.

Plan

REFERENCES.

Eicaxated. Earth
B Piafy Soil andMartk sU£.
C OaksiaitM fvrmin^anaidiUBn
D Part ofjfemid natrtmered
E Onyalai Siaface^.
f ftufe S&iJkis.

I Snntpor&cniSOffaBai^^

L Position, offfoodrn obusd.
M Excaya&oa ceniauting Ikn-.

^''"^^ '

' - '

Sec!

Ayn * W;aTO» Aarn- AlCDCT t-'ijri

III.

NOTE ON SOME EXPLORATIONS IN A TUMULUS
CALLED THE '' COURTHILL," IN THE PARISH OF
DALRY AND COUNTY OF AYR.'

This tumulus is situated close to the present town of Dairy, on the
north-west side, and occupies the highest point of a considerable rising
ground, which is projected south-eastwards into the valley of the Gamock,
and from which a wide extent of country both up and down the valley is
visible. A reference to the Ordnance Survey map shows that it is 250
feet above the level of the sea, and 100 feet above the lowest part of the
valley.

The Courthill tumulus itself is of very considerable size, and in an excel-
lent state of preservation. From the accompanying plan, which was drawn
by Mr. Paton of Swinlees, who took a great interest in the exploration, and'
devoted no small amount of time and trouble in superintending the work,
it appears that the hill was about 290 feet in circumference at the base, of
nearly circular form, and apparently about 20 feet high, though the excava-
tions showed that the original surface within the mound was nearly 5 feet
higher than at the base. The diameter of the top of the mounS'^^hEts about
38 feet.

Almost nothing is known of the history of the tumulus. It is not
mentioned, so far as I am aware, in any of the old charters or papers
connected with the district. The land on which it stands formed part

I Proceedings of the Society of ArUiqiutries of Scotland, vol. x. p. 281.

56 EXPLORATIONS IN THE "COUETHILL" TUMULUS,

of the eleven-merk land of Ryesholm, a property which had long been in
the possession of the Boyle family. The Old Statistical Account of the
parish refers to it, and states that an attempt was made at one time to
ascertain its contents by boring, but nothing being found, the work was
discontinued.^ The New Statistical Account mentions the removal of part
of the base at the beginning of the present century to fill up hollows in
an adjoining field.^

About the commencement of 1872 it became evident that this fine
tumulus would be destroyed by the debris firom a pit. The opportimity of
making a thorough exploration of such an interesting relic was at once
taken advantage of by some gentlemen resident in the district, and imme-
diate application was made to the proprietors, Messrs. Merry and Cuning-
hame, for permission to excavate. This was willingly granted, and every
facility afforded. The explorations were at once commenced and carried on
during most part of the summer. The greatest interest was manifested by
the residents, and everything which was found was preserved with the
utmost care, and is now deposited in the National Museum of the Society of
Antiquaries of Scotland, — ^the proper resting-place of all archaeological
relics.

The first operation was to open a trench from the west side of the moimd
in towards the centre north-eastwards. This was about 5 feet wide, and
was carried in for a considerable distance at a depth of about 14 feet from
the top of the tumulus. About 19 feet inwards, measuring from the cir-
cumference of the base, and 14 feet from the top of the tumulus, a low dyke
or line of small boulders and land stones crossed the trench, almost exactly
in an alignment with and close to the oaken stakes indicated on the plan.
These stones rested on the original surface, which is here about 4^ or 5 feet
above the present level of the ground at the base of the tumulus, showing
that the soil had been removed, and probably assisted in adding to the hill
when it was originally formed. Immediately above the stones were layers
of burnt earth, mixed with pieces of charcoal and other burnt matter, and
in this was found a very good flint arrow-head. Along with this arrow-
head were some unwrought flint chips and fragments. Immediately above

^ Statistical Account of Scotland (1794), vol. * The Statistical Account of Ayrshire (1842),

xii p. 105. p. 220.

IN THE PARISH OF DALEY, AYRSHIRE. 57

the charcoal was a stratum of dark unctuous earth, with layers of vegetable
matter, composed principally of fern and moor moss. On exposure, the fern
was almost green, but the action of the air rapidly turned it to the colour of
peat. Nothing of great interest was found till the
point marked F on the plan was reached, about
9 feet from the stones, and 29 feet &om the cir-
cumference, where a log or post of oak was dis-
covered, standing nearly perpendicular, with a
slight inclination to the south-west, inserted for a
depth of about 2 feet in the original soU, and
securely wedged in with stones. This post was
much blackened, and with an appearance as if
charred by the action of fire in the upper part.
It was, when taken out, 4 feet 9 inches in length,

' , » , ^"=' 1-— Full SIM.

the lower part for about 2 feet bemg artificially

squared, with a base of 11^ inches by 10 inches. Marks of a sharp cutting
tool were clearly observable on this part of the post About 4 feet from the
base on one side was an artificial hole, nearly circular, the diameter being
about 1^ inches, and nearly 3 inches deep.

Within the line of this post a considerable mass of burnt ash was found,
and the surface of the ground showed distinct traces of the action of a fierce
and long-continued fire. The cutting of the trench afforded a good oppor-
tunity for examining the nature of the contents and structure of the mound.
Measuring from the top of the hill, it was found that the ordinary earth
occupied from 10 to 12 feet of the whole section. This had apparently
been taken from the land immediately adjoining the tumulus, and heaped
up over the other deposit. No remains were found anywhere in it. Imme-
diately below was a thin band or layer of yellowish clay, mixed with small
stones or gravel, about 12 or 14 inches in depth in moat places. This
rested on a deposit of dark unctuous earth, from 3 to 3^ feet in depth near
the post, but varying in other places from 1 foot upwards. This dark earth
was found to contain layers of fern, moor moss, coarse grass, reeds, etc.,
mixed with small pieces of charred wood. Immediately below it in several
places, and resting on the original surface, was found a thin layer, from 1 to
2 inches in depth, of gray and red ashes, with occasionally small fragments

68 EXPLORATIONS IN THE "COURTHILL" TUMULUS,

of bone, of wLich some were with difficulty preserved, and are now, with the
rest of the objects found, in the National Museum at Edinburgh. The
lai^est of these was apparently part of the bone of a large deer. In many
places the earth below this bed of ash was reddened by the action of fire to
the depth of 3 or 4 inches. It very frequently happened that a thin layer
of very highly compressed moss and bracken covered the ash, without,
however, showing any trace of the action of fire. The flint chips and worked
flints were found immediately above the bed of ash. The following are
figured here : — Fig. 2 is a trimmed flake or scraper, the exact size of the
original (compare Evans, Fig. 250). Figs. 3 and 4 are worked flints
of the rounded scraper form, of natural size (compare Evans, Fig.
220). The others were merely chips or flakes, showing little secondary
working.

Fio. s.—Oyster-ahell Screper. Fig. 4.— Ear-shaped

Fnll size. Scraper. Full size.

After carrying in the trench some distance beyond the centre of the
hill, and down to the original surface, it was resolved to remove all the
earth over the dark stratum, and lay bare the original surface. A very
considerable amount of work was required to accomplish this, and a veiy
curious palisaded structure was disclosed, the description of which will be
best understood by reference to the ground-plan as shown in the Plate.

IN THE PARISH OF DALEY, AYRSHIRE. 59

The extreme length from end to end was 46 feet, and the breadth 20 to 21
feet. The sides were composed of small oak stakes, generally flat, set into
the original surface, and almost touching each other. All these were much
decayed, and showed traces apparently of the action of fire. Four of these
stakes, marked K on the plan, presented the remarkable peculiarity of a
regularly hollowed-out grove on one side. These four stakes were much
larger than those forming the sides and ends, and were placed in pairs
opposite each other. They were carefully squared, and formed evidently
with some sharp tool. Each was pitted into the original soil, and firmly
wedged in with stones. The space between each pair was about 3 feet, and
was fiUed with small round hazel and birch posts, about 2 inches in
diameter, and showing the extremities artificially sharpened. The following
measurements, taken from one of these stakes when first discovered, will
give a good idea of the others. The breadth was 1 foot 6 inches, with the
thickness at the top varying from 4 to 5 inches. The length of the part pre-
served was 2 feet 1 inch, but the upper portion was very much decayed,
and had evidently been longer. The groove ran the whole length of one
side, and the breadth of it was from 2 to 3 inches. It was about 4 inches
from the end of the stake, which had been fixed in the original surface.
The depth of the groove varied from three-quarters of an inch to an inch
and a half. The other three posts varied slightly in size from this one, but
presented the same general appearance, and each showed a groove of similar
size.

At F another large post or stake of oak was found, 9 feet inwards from
the line of stakes, and apparently corresponding to the one first discovered.
These interior posts were more firmly fixed into the soil than the others.
Extending eastward from the western post was a deposit of ashes about 3
inches thick, nearly 6 feet in length, and about 2^ in breadth. Amongst the
ashes were numerous small fragments of bone, and parts apparently of deer's
horn. It may be noticed here that the pieces of bone when first exposed
were white, but in the course of a very short time they became a beautiful
bright blue colour. Between one pair of these grooved stakes, at the place
marked L on the plan, a piece of hard oak was discovered, evidently arti-
ficial, and showing a hole cut in it. The length was 1 foot 2 inches ; the

60 EXPLORATIONS IN THE "COURTHILL" TUMULUS, DALRY.

breadth across 5^^ inches, decreasing to 3f inches. The form of the object
is shown in Fig. 5.

Having completed the investigation of the palisaded
structure, it was determined to follow the line of stones
which had been met with in cutting the first trench. The
earth having been cleared away, a cairn of atones was found,
beneath which was a hole sunk into the original surface.
This is marked M on the plan. This hole was in a line with
the weat end of the structure, and about 3 feet southwards
from the comer post. It was about 4 feet 10 inches long,
by 3 feet wide, and 3 feet 5 inches below the original
surface. The stones filled the hole, and were raised appar-
eotly about 3 feet above the surface. At the bottom of the
cavity a flat sandstone, about a foot square, was found,
carefully bedded in clean sand from the river. Near it was
a piece of blackened oak, similar to the stakes of the struc-
ture, and all about were fragments of a fine and highly
lo. 6,— cj. ornamented urn. These fragments have been most carefully
collected and put together by Mr. Paton of Swinlees, and the um as restored
is shown in Dr. Macdonald's paper, p. 53 of this volume. It is to be
remarked that the layers of gravel and soil were continued beyond and over
the cairn, showing that it was in situ when the tumulus was formed, though,
from the fact of the piece of oak being found amongst the stones, and the
um having been broken, it had evidently been disturbed at the time the
upper part of the tumulus was formed.

In conclusion, I have to acknowledge the interest taken in this work by
Mr. Paton of Swinlees, Captain Paton of Billhead, the late Mr. Robert Love
of Threepwood, F.S.A. Scot, and other gentlemen, and the obligations I
am under to the gentlemen named for the care with which all the measure-
ments, etc, were taken, and for revising the details now printed.

R. W. COCHEAN-PATEICK.
Woc<[)eiDE, Be[th, May 1876.

IV.

ANTIQUITIES FOUND IN AYRSHIRE, AND PRE-
SERVED AMONGST THE ARCH^OLOGICAL COL-
LECTIONS OF MISS BROWN OF WATERHAUGHS
AND LANFINE.

Fig. 1. Stemmed and barbed arrow-head of flint, finely
serrated along the edgea. Found on the estate of Lanfine, 10
feet under mo3s, in June 1856. This very beautiful specimen
may be compared with the one figured in Evans's Ancient
Stone Implements, Fig. 316, but the minute chipping is more
like the work on Fig. 317, in the SMne volume.

Fic. 1.— Fulleiie.

Fig. 2. Stemmed arrow-head of flint, found on the estate
of Lanfine in May 1859. This is a ruder and more im-
perfect example than the first.

Flo. 3.— Full Bi

ANTIQUITIES FOUND IN AYRSHIRE.

Fig. 3. Stemmed and barbed arrow-head of flint, found
on the estate of Lanfine 9th September 1864, This is of
finer work than the immediately preceding, but does not
show the same amount of careful finish as the first
example.

Fig. 4. Stemmed arrow-head of flint, found on the estate
of Lanfine.

Fig. 5. Drill of flint found in the parish of Galston,
in March 1857, near where Fig. 1 was discovered. This
specimen is of the same type, but of larger size than the
example figured in Evans's Ancient Stone Implements,
Fig. 229.

Fig. 6. Perforated circular bead of serpentine,
found 74 feet below the surface when draining a peat
moss on Lanfine, July 5, 1862.

ANTIQUITIES FOUND IN AYRSHIRE.

Fig. 7. Perforated piece of cannel
coal, found in a cairn on Moss-side,
Loudoun parish, by James Millar,
farmer there, in 1860. This example
is figured one half of the size of the
original.

Fig. 8. Mould of serpentine found at Trochraigue, near Girvan, in 1851.
It was exhibited to the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in February 1852,'
and is fully described in their Proceedings. It is an irregular oval slab of
green serpentine, 16^ inches in length, 9^ inches in breadth, and about 2^
inches greatest thickness. The same stone is found in situ about eight
mUes south of where it was discovered. Fig. 9 shows the other side of the
same mould.

' Pjm. Soe. Ant. &ot., vol. i. p. 46.

64 ANTIQUITIES FOUND IN AYRSHIRE.

Fig. 10. Bronze flagon found at Carleith,
four miles from Lanfine.

Fig. 11. Bronze pot
found in Ayrshire.

Fig, 11.— ScBleJ.

ANTIQUITIES POUND IN AYRSHIRE.

Fig. 12. Bronze vessel found at Mont,
near Galston Moor.

An urn in the same collection, figured and described in Dr. Macdonald's
paper, p. 50 of this volume, was presented to the late Thomas BroT^-n of
Waterhaughs by C. D. Gairdner, Esq.

— Bronie Buckler,

NOTE ON A BRONZE BUCKLER FOUND ON LUGTON-
RIDGE FARM, IN THE PARISH OF BEITH.

In the Museum of the Society of Autiquaries of London is a circular buckler
of bronze, which, in the Catalogue compiled in 1847 by that distinguished

NOTE ON A BRONZE BUCKLER FOUND ON LUGTONRIDGE FARM. 67

authority, the late Mr. Albert Way, is thus described : — " British buckler of
bronze, designated by Sir Samuel Meyrick as the tarian ; it has a semi-
globular umbo, surrounded by twenty-nine concentric rows of small studs, with
intervening ribs ; diameter, 26f inches, diameter of umbo, 4f inches. It is
almost precisely similar to the tarian in the Goodrich Court Armoury,
found near Aberystwith." ^

Mr. Way then points out that this may possibly be the shield which was
found in a peat moss on a farm called Luggtonrigge, near GiflSn Castle,
Beith (miswritten Brith), in Ayrshire; although, in the Minutes of the
Meetings of the Society, the diameter is entered as having been about 15^
inches only, possibly by an error of transcript. The minutes referred to are
as follows :^ — " Thursday, Nov. 17, 1791, Rev. Dr. Farmer in the chair. — Dr.
Ferris presented to the Society a Shield dug out of a large Moss, about 12
years since, 6 or 7 feet below the surface, when the People who found it
were casting peats on a Farm called Luggtonrigge, near GiflBn Castle, in the
Parish of Brith (sic) in Airshire, about 10 or 12 miles from the Towti of Air,
and 4 miles from Irvin. There were four or five more of the same kind dug
out at the same time, and they were observed to have been regularly placed
in a ring. The possessor of the estate, Mr. Baillie John Storie of Paisley,
could only procure this, as the Labourers had disposed of the rest before Mr.
Storie had received any information of the discovery of them. These are all
the particulars which Dr. Ferris has been able to procure concerning the
Shield, which is of Brass, circular, about 15^ inches in Diameter, embossed
in the middle, and hollow on the other side, to admit the grasp of the hand.
Thanks were ordered to Dr. Ferris for this obliging communication and
present."

Notwithstanding the discrepancy as to measurement, there can, I think,
be little doubt that the shield, still preserved in the Museum of the Society"
of Antiquaries, is the identical specimen presented by Dr. Ferris ; the only
other buckler in the collection being of considerably smaller diameter than
1 5 J inches, and its history being, moreover, known. It seems possible that
the error in the measurement may have arisen from a rule 42 inches long
having been used, and the inches read ofi* from the wrong end. At all
events, 26f +15^ = 42, Of Dr. Ferris, the donor, I find no mention in
the Archceologia, and even of the shield itself there is no record in that
publication.

^ Archaol., vol zxiii pi. xih. * MimUes, vol. xxiv. p. 147.

68 NOTE ON A BRONZE BUCKLER

A somewhat imperfect representation of the buckler has been given by
Professor Daniel "Wilson in his Prehistoric Annals of Scotland, but the
illustrations now published will convey a much more accurate impression
of its character and details.'

In Fig. 1 the whole of the buckler is shown on the scale of one-sixth
linear measure, a section being represented below. A portion of the margin
is shown full size in Fig. 2, and the handle across the inner side of tte boss
is given on the scale of one half in Fig. 3. These figures give so complete
an idea of the original, that it seems needless to enter into further details.
It is, however, well to call attention to the fact, that the handle of the
buckler, which is made &om a flat piece of bronze, is rendered more con-
venient to grasp, and at the same time strengthened, by its sides being
doubled over, and thus made to present a rounded edge. It is secured to
the shield by a rivet at each end. About mid- way between the edge of the
umbo and that of the shield, but placed ao that one of the rivets of the

' lit ed. p. 267 ; 2d ed. vol L p. 397.

FOUND ON LUGTONRIDGE FARM. 69

handle is in the same line, and mid-way between them, have been two rivets,
each fastening a small button, somewhat like a short hour-hand of a clock,
of which, at present, only one remains.

It will now be well to note the occurrence of similar and analoofous
examples in Scotland and elsewhere. Those which will first occur to the
mind of every Scottish Antiquary are the two which were found in 1837 in
a marshy field near Yetholm, about eight miles south of Kelso, and which
have been described by the late Mr. WiUiam T. M'CuUoch in the Proceed-
ings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.^ This account is illustrated
with woodcuts, exhibiting one of the shields and some of its details, and
contains numerous references, of some of which I shall avail myself in the
present brief notice.

One of the Yetholm shields is 23^ inches in diameter, and has thirty
concentric rows of convex knobs, alternating with projecting circles, or ribs ;
the other measures 24 inches, and has twenty-four rows of knobs and ribs.
In the centre of each is a hollow circular umbo 4 inches in diameter, with
a handle riveted across it

Another shield of the same character was found in March 1870, at
Yetholm,^ near the place where the two others were discovered. The site
appears to have been formerly occupied by a lake, which was drained some
forty or fifty years ago. This third Yetholm shield is 22^ inches in
diameter, with twenty-nine concentric ribs, alternating with the usual small
knobs. The boss is 3^ inches in diameter. At the back of each of these
shields, about midway between the centre and the rim, are riveted small
movable tongues of bronze, which have been supposed to serve for the
attachment of a leather strap, by which the shield might be slung round the
body. Mr. Jeffrey, F.S.A. Scot., of Jedburgh, who described this third
shield, ^has, however, pointed out that there is little room beneath the
tongues for a strap of any kind.

So far as at present known, these are the only other instances of bucklers
of this kind having been discovered in Scotland.

In England and Wales several such have been found. One was in the
Meyrick ^ collection, at Goodrich Court, and is now in the British Museum.
It is about 27 inches in diameter, with nineteen concentric ribs, and circles

^ VoL V. p. 166. ^ ArcKcBoly voL xadii. p. 92, Meyrick's Anc,

2 Proc. Soc Ant. Scot^ voL viii. p. 393. Armour^ vol. i. pi. xlvii.

70 NOTE ON A BRONZE BUCKLER

of knobs between, and in all respects like those already described. It was
found about 1804, in a turbary near Aberystwith.

Another example of the kind was also in the Meyrick collection, and is
now in the British Museum. It was found in a peat moss at Moel Sindbod,
near Capel Curig, Caernarvonshire. It has twenty-seven consecutive rings.^

Sir Samuel Meyrick had heard of another dug up near Newcastle-on-
Tyne, which the owner, wishing to gratify all his friends, cut up like a cake,
and sent to each a slice.

Fragments of two other shields of the same character were also found in
Northumberland, in the parish of Stamfordham, about two miles north of
the Eoman wall. They were originally about 20 inches in diameter, and,
like so many others, were discovered during draining operations.^

Another buckler of the same character was found in the Thames at
London, and passed into the British Museum with the Roach Smith collec-
tion. This specimen is 21 inches in diameter, and has eleven rings of the
small bosses upon it, separated by concentric ribs.' Another, with twenty-
six concentric circles of studs, was dredged up, together with a leaf-shaped
bronze sword, from the bed of the Thames, oflf Woolwich, in 1830.*

Another, 26 inches in diameter, having twelve concentric raised rings,
with the usual knobs between them, was also found in the Thames, between
Hampton and Walton, in September 1864/

In draining a meadow at Bagley, about five miles from Ellesmere, in
Shropshire, another of these circular bucklers was found. This is 23 inches
in diameter, with an umbo of 4 inches, and has twenty-six concentric circles,
with the same rings of knobs between as on the other examples.*

Another, found on Barringham Common, Lincolnshire, in 1843, is 26
inches in diameter, with an umbo of 4^ inches, and only nineteen concentric
circles, with intermediate rings of knobs. The boss of this shield is conical,
rather than hemispherical.^ It seems needless to cite other English examples ;
but I may mention that in some instances the knobs between the raised
concentric rings are wanting, and in others they form much more important

^ ArchcBol., vol. xxiii. p. 95. ^ Proc. Soc. Ant,, 2d series, vol. iii. p. 518 ;

« Arch, Jour., vol. xviii. p. 157. ^^"^-'^ ^^^-^ ^^^ ^665, p. 771.

.^ ,, ,^,oi.,,>v . ^ ^^oc, Soc. Ant, 2d series, vol. iii. p. 200.

^ HorcBjerales, p. 168, Koacn Smith 8 C7ai. of 7 a ^ a t i- «/^,-T^

•^ ' '^ ./ 7 Arch, Assoc, Jour., vol. iv. p. 395 ; Proc. Soc,

Lond, Ant., p. 80. ^^^^ gd series, voL iil p. 200 ; Proc, Boy, IHsh

* Roach Smith, uhi sup, Acad., 1874, p. 277.

FOUND ON LUGTONEIDGE FARM. 71

features. In one found in the River Isis, near Dorchester, Oxon/ there are
only two rings of knobs, with a raised bead between, though the shield is
about 13 inches in diameter. The same is the case with an Irish shield, 14
inches in diameter, from Athenry, county Galway.^

Shields with the numerous concentric rings alternating with small
knobs, are rare in Ireland. One, 27f inches in diameter, with an umbo of
6 inches, and six rings of small knobs alternating with projecting concentric
rings, was found in a bog near Ballynamona, county Limerick, and is
figured in the Journal of the Royal Historical and Archceohgical Associ-
ation of Ireland.^ Like nearly all the others this has the two movable
tongues or buttons at the back.

As Mr. Franks has already remarked,* bronze shields are of far less
common occurrence on the Continent than in the British Isles. Though in
some cases showing the same general character, none of them absolutely
resemble the shield which forms the subject of this paper, and it is needless
to refer to them.

With regard to the date to be assigned to these bucklers, it is to be
observed that the shields which can with some degree of certainty be
ascribed to the period when iron swords had begun to be used in Britain are
as a rule of elongated form. Such are those from the river Witham and the
Thames, which, moreover, are ornamented with coral and the red Celtic
enamel. It may also be observed that in the case of the shield dredged
up ofi* Woolwich the sword which accompanied it was of bronze. It may
be said that the collocation of the shield and sword was accidental, and that
there is no actual evidence of their having been deposited in the river at the
same time. Still the whole character of the ornamentation and workman-
ship is more in accordance with the bronze age than with the late Celtic or
early iron period, though probably such bucklers belong to the close of the
bronze period rather than to its beginning or even middle.

Circular bucklers or targets no doubt remained in use until a consider-
ably later period, but it seems probable that some other material than a thin
plate of bronze was used for their manufacture. Professor Wilson * remarks
that on the gold coins of Tasciovanus, Cunobeline, and others of the native

^ -4rc/i., voL xxvii, p. 298 ; HorcB ferales, p. 167. * Horaferales, p. 166.

* Harce ferales, p. IM, * Prehistoric Ann, of Scot,, 2d ed. voL i p.

' 4th Series, voL ii. p. 118. 398.

72 NOTE ON A BRONZE BUCKLER

rulers contemporary with the first intercourse with Rome, the shields borne
by the warriors are either long and double-pointed, or, if round, large and
dished, and of very different construction from the Luggtonrigge shield.
On one coin of Cunobeline, however (Evans, pi. xii. 14), the horseman bears
a circular buckler, which, so far as can be judged from so diminutive a
representation as that given on the coin, would be about 2 feet in diameter.
On two small gold coins of Verica,^ recently published, the horseman carries
a target of about the same proportions. Somewhat smaller circular bucklers
are carried by the horsemen on certain Spanish coins,^ probably of the second
century b.c. One of these shields shows four smaller bosses arranged in
cruciform order around the central boss ; another seems to be plain, except
the umbo and a projecting rim.

This buckler is no doubt the Cetra or Csetra {/ealrpea, Hesych.) in use
among the people of Spain and Mauretania, which was usually made of
hide, among the latter people sometimes of that of the elephant. CaBsar ^
speaks of the "cetratse Hispanise cohortes," and Tacitus* mentions the
Britons as armed " ingentibus gladiis sine mucrone et brevibus cetris." It
does not appear that the Romans ever wore the cetra,* which has been by
Livy compared to the pelta of the Greeks and Macedonians. The clipeus
appears to have been larger in size, and to have been held on the arm rather
than by the hand only.

But whatever shields may have been in use in this country at the time
of the Roman invasion, I am inclined to refer these circular bucklers to a
somewhat earlier date, as already, in Caesar's time, iron was fully in use for
swords and for cutting purposes generally; and, as has already been
observed, the shields with which the early iron swords are found are of a
different form. As is the case with the bronze swords, such bucklers very
rarely, if indeed ever, are found accompanying interments ; and those dis-
covered seem to have been lost in the water or hidden in bogs, rather than
buried as accessories for the dead. The skill requisite for the production of
such bucklers must have been great, and the appliances at command by no
means contemptible. The whole of the work is repou8s6y and wrought with
the hammer, and not improbably the original sheet of bronze from which a

1 Num. Chron., N. a, voL xviL pL x. Nos. 7 * Bell Civ. i. 39, 48.

and 8. * ^P»^- 36.

2 See Arck. J<mm., voL xiii p. 187. ' See Smith's Diet, of Ant., s. v. «' Cetra."

FOUND ON LUGTONEIDGE FAEM. 73

shield was made was considerably less in diameter and also mucli thicker
than the finished shield. To produce so large a casting of such even sub-
stance and yet so thin would, I think, be beyond the skill of most modern
brassfounders, and there is no appearance in the shields of the metal having
been ca.t in the form in which i^ now appears.

The presence of the buttons at the back, and the absence of holes for the
numerous rivets which would have been necessary for securing a wooden
back to these shields, afford an argument against their having been thus
strengthened. It may, however, have been the case that some method was
known by which a backing of stiff hide could be made to adhere to the
bronze. Without such a backing they appear to afford but a poor defence
against the stroke of a spear or sword, and even an arrow would find its way
through them. Possibly the buttons at the back may have been connected
with some system of lining them, but I have not sufficiently studied them to
express any decided opinion as to their use. It is to be hoped that future
discoveries may throw some light upon this subject.

JOHN EVANS.

Nash Mills, Hemel Hemfsted,
May 1878.

VI.

THE CAPRINGTON HORN.

The Horn, of which an illustration is here given, was found on the estate of
Coilafield,^ in the parish of Torbolton, in Kyle, some time before 1654.

It is thus referred to by Sir Robert Gordon in the description of Kyle,
given in Bleau's Atlas, published at Amsterdam in 1654 : —

" In campo ubi decertatum cituiis incurvus figura sua comu referens, in
primus canovua, multo post annis eflFosus est, quo comarchi Capiintonii,
quorum eedes primariBe nostris CoilsBeld dicitur, ad cogendos rusticos suos
et operarios utuntur." '

Defoe says, " A trumpet, resembling a crooked horn, which has a very
shrill sound, was dug up in the field of battle, and is still kept in the Laird
of Caprington's house called Coilsfield." '

The writer of the New Statistical Account notes that " This horn, so
minutely described in Bleau's great work, and by Defoe, is carefully pre-
served at Caprington Castle." *

' New Staiiitieal Aceount ofAyrAiTi, p. 763. ' Tour through Britain, vol, iv. p. 130.

* Vol. Ti. p. 50, * AyrAire, p. 754.

THE CAPRINGTON HOEN. 75

By permission of Mr. Smith Cuninghame of Caprington, it was exhibited
at a meeting of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in February 1878.

The horn is 25 inches in length, measuring from the mouthpiece to the
aperture along the centre. The circumference, 1 inch from the mouthpiece,
is 2 inches. At the lowest band the circumference is almost 8 inches. It
is nearly 4 inches across the aperture.

It is the only instance of a bronze horn recorded as having been found
in Scotland.

From an analysis made by Professor Stevenson Macadam, the composition
of the bronze is as follows : —

Copper . . 90-26

Tin . . 9-61

Loss . . '13

100-00

Bronze trumpets are of very rare occurrence in Britain. Mr. Franks
records one found in England.^ They are not imconmion in Ireland. For
an account of the Irish specimens reference may be made to the Ulster
Journal of ArchcBology, vol. viii. p. 99.

R W. COCHEAN-PATKICK

WOODSIDE, BeITH,

March 1878.

* Jffora Ferales, pL xiii. fig. 2.

VI I.
THE HUNTERSTON BROOCH.

This costly jewel has become very famous, partly from its size and beauty,
partly from its bearing two inscriptions in Scandinavian Runes, carved on
its back. In fact it is Scotland's richest fibula, and the only one found in
that kingdom on which runic staves are cut. I have handled it in the
2nd volume of my folio work '* The Old Northern Runic Monuments of
Scandinavia and England," and I have there (pp. 589-599) taken pains to
give it the prominence which it deserves. To this publication I refer for a
mass of details. Afterwards, at the request of the Soc. of Antiquaries of
Scotland, to whom I lent my blocks for a reproduction of the colored plates,
I shortly spoke df it in their "Proceedings," Vol 7, Part 2, Edinburgh 1870.
It was last publicly exhibited by Colonel Gould Weston, F.S.A., at a meet-
ing of the Soc. of Antiquaries of London, June 15, 1876. See their
" Proceedings," Vol. 7, p. 48.

I wisht to engrave this precious old-loom full size, from careful casts,
and to print it in gold and colors in exact facsimile of the original, for only
in this way can we really understand the delicacy of its wonderful work-
manship. The kindness of [the, alas, now no longer with us I] Sir James
Y. Simpson, Bart., James Drummond, Esq., R.S.A., and Dr. John Stuart,
enabled me to carry this wish into execution. The blocks have been
admirably drawn for me in Chemitype by my accomplisht artist Prof. J.
Magnus Petersen of Cheapinghaven, Denmark, and carefully printed by
Herr Thiele of the same capital.

A few words of comment, abridged from the text in my work, may be
here permitted.

The Hunterston Brooch was found in the autumn of 1826, on Hunter-
ston, the estate of Robert Hunter, Esq., of Hunter, West KjQbride, Ayrshire,
six miles from Largs. It lay near the surface, at the foot of a steep

HUNTERSTON BKOOCII.

HUNTERSTON BROOCH.

BACK.

THE HUNTERSTON BROOCH. 77

cliff, called " The Hawking Craig/' three hundred yards from the sea. It
is of silver, richly wrought with gold filigree, is set with amber, and has
suffered no very great damage, save that the point of the pin is broken off.
Its style and workmanship is Kelto-Northumbrian or Carlovingian, whose
rudiments go back to the fifth and sixth centuries and even earlier, and may
be termed Scando-Keltic or Anglo-Frankic or Romano-British, being in fact
common to the high art of most of the western European countries in
the earliest middle-age. But these rudiments are here developt^ and
the fibula may date from the 8th year-hundred, possibly the 9th. Being
found on Scottish soU, it may be of Scottish manufacture; but it may
also have come from afar, and may claim another, perhaps Northumbrian
or Irish, origin.

The runic risting seems to have been added later, and points to the He
of Man or its neighborhood. In Prof. Daniel Wilson's " Prehistoric Annals
of Scotland," 2nd ed., 8vo, London 1863, Vol. 2, pp. 267-277, will be found
a good digest of the earlier readings of the letters. These readings failed
chiefly from being founded on bad facsimiles of the runes. Prof. Wilson's
own version must be rejected also, not only because it is based on a false
assumption — (that the language is Keltic) — but because he handles the staves
themselves much too freely, and aUows himself liberties that cannot be ap-
proved. Four letters he omits altogether. The beautiful but far from exact
engravings of this brooch given by Prof. Wilson are on the title plate to his
2nd volume. They have been repeated in Dr. Stuart's noble " Sculptured
Stones of Scotland," PL 12.

In the cartouches afterwards filled with runes, we see the small roundlets
which are the neatly hammered and almost obliterated marks of the tiny
silver rivets here used by the jeweler. The epigraphs themselves are in two
different runic hands. After the last word on the right (olfriti), there
was more than a quarter of an inch to spare. This has been filled in with
five upright lined, all straight The same person has crowded the room
below with a rude chevron, often nearly straight Unes.

The first who wrote his name on this piece was malbritha. He did it
thus (unloosing the bind or monogram for ar :)

MALBRI)7A A TALK, )7(ELi2 I LARI.

MALBRITHA owETH (owus, possesscs) tkis DALK (bvooch), THTLE {Speaker ^
Lawman) in lar.

78 THE HUNTERSTON BROOCH.

Observe the peculiar type for b here, so common on the Manx and other
West-Scottish runic stones, so rare in the Scandinavian homeland.

We do not know the exact legal or priestly office in olden times filled
by the thyle, which word also signified Orator and Poet. This is the
third time it has been found on a runic monument ; and here it is on an
object undoubtedly owned by a Northman, or a man of Northern descent,
settled in the lie of Man or in the south-west of Scotland. But neither
do we certainly know whether this term thyle continued to be used in
Christiaix days, like so maoiy others first found in connection with heathen-
dom. The Northmen in Scotland and the He of Man, &c. — ^the second flow
of Northmen, the Wikings and their followers — adopted the Christian
faith at a very early period, in Man probably by the year 950. The
older Keltic population of Man was Christian, or partly Christian, as early
as the 5th century.

Where lab was or is I do not know. Unhappily we have no such
County Atlas (with its splendid Index) of Scotland or of Ireland — ^which
possibly might help us — ^as we have of England by Mr. Philips, assisted by
Mr. Edward Weller.

That a Keltic name (malbritha) should have been borne by a Scandina-
vian, is not surprising. The Manx runic stones offer many other instances,
and so does all our older history. In ancient times many Icelanders had
names originally Keltic. Such things always happen firom intermarriages,
friendship and other causes.

A runic grave cross in the He of Man (Plate I. fig. 1, a and 6, in the late
Kev. J. G. Cumming's " Runic and other Monumental Remains of the lie of
Man," 4to, London, 1857, and re-engraved by me at p. 597 of my Old N.
Run. Mon.), at Kirk Michael, was raised by one mailbrikti (a mere local
variation of malbbitha) son of athakan, smith (artist). It is not impos-
sible that we may here have the same person, or a man of the same family,
the more as the stone (like the brooch inscription itself) dates from the tenth
century. But the name (also maolbbigda, maelbbigd, maelbbigte, &c. &c.,
aU meaning the servant of St. Bridget) was common.

The second person whose name is here carved is perhaps a Lady. At
this time the nominal forms are so slurred and careless, that we often cannot
at once say (where there is no determining context) whether a particular name
is masculine or feminine. The runes, again unbinding the monograms
(al and ao), say:

THE HUNTEESTON BROOCH. 79

TOALK A OLFRITI.

This DALK {brooch) owes {hath, belongs to) olfritl
The fonner listing had talk. (As the later or Scandinavian or shorter

runic Futhork — stave-row or alphabet — ^had no d, t stood for both t and d ;

the word is therefore palk.) But the second hand has written toalk

( = doalk), a mere difference of dialectic sound, either from distance of place

or lapse of time.

This then, and only this, is, as far as I can see, the real meaning of the

Scandinavian (probably Manx) runes cut on this valuable ornament.

GEORGE STEPHENS.

Cheafinghayen, Denmark,

1878.

VIIL

NOTES ON SOME AYRSHIRE EXAMPLES OF
POTTERY, SUPPOSED TO BE MEDIAEVAL.

It must be understood that the term mediaeval is employed in connection
with these examples only provisionally, and not with the intention of con-
veying any opinion as to their exact age. They are not likely to be
either prehistoric or modem ; and in the present state of our knowledge of
the history of the ceramic art in Scotland no other epithet suggests itself
as more appropriate.

The only record we have of the discovery of the Jug represented in
Fig. 1 is the following, which occurs in the New Statistical Account of the
Parish of Dalrymple, by the late Rev. Robert Wallace: — *'A pitcher of
earthenware, like that represented in prints in the hand of the woman of
Samaria at the Well at Sychar, was found at Perclewan ... in 1833. .. .
The pitcher is glazed, and of a greenish colour, and has the figure of a man's
face and hands on the front in relief. " ^

The dimensions of this jug are as follows : — Height, 13 inches ; diameter
at mouth, 4f inches ; diameter at base, 5f inches ; and greatest circum-
ference 26 inches. The clay is of a coarse kind, and the walls are of
unequal thickness. Both workmanship and ornamentation are alike rude,
though there is evidence that it has been made on the wheel. Its mouth
has a small spout, almost but not quite below which is a bearded face of
very primitive design, with the lower part broken oflf. Round the edges of
the beard, which is otherwise quite smooth, are straight markings, made
apparently with the thumb-nail. The hands, rudely formed by the same

^ New Statistical Account of Scotland, Ayrshire, p. 279.

NOTES ON SOME AYRSHIRE EXAMPLES OF POmEEY. 81

IS, rrat on the sides, with the arms bent outwards. The slightly-curved
handle is of considerable thickness, and furrowed by three or four shallow
and narrow parallel grooves that, at its lower end, give place to one of much
greater breadth, on either side of which are two large circular marks ; all

Fio. 1. — EarthcQware Jug, fonnd at Perclewan, Dalrymple. Scale ).

three depressions seeming as if formed by the thumb. Round and beneath
the bottom's edge is a series of markings that look as if made by applying
the thumb and the joint of the bent fore-finger. A slightly-raised, circular,
unglazed patch covers about half the surface of the bottom. The whole
vessel has a greenish hue, and is glazed, except where the body, from the
neck downwards about half-way, is traversed by eight nearly parallel, slightly
raised, dark bands, the surface of which is rough, and studded each by a single
row of slight prominences. These bands have the appearance of being the

82 NOTES ON SOME AYRSHIRE EXAMPLES OF POTTERY,

reault of aome attempt at ornamentation, now partially destroyed, which
had been attached by some meana to the body of the pitcher after the latter
was made and glazed all over ; for here and there in the bands what seems
to be the original glazed surface is still to be seen. One portion of the
lower surface is covered by an irregxUarly shaped patch, of a darker colour
than the rest.'

Prof. D. Wilson speaks of the Dalrymple pitcher as bearing a close
resemblance to one discovered in 1841 in London, under the foundation of
a house in Cateaton Street, City, and figured in the Journal of the ArckcBO-
logical Association-^ A comparison of the two figures, however, will show
that, except in shape, the resemblance is but distant.

Among what remaina of the Museimi of the Ayr Mechanics' Institution,
mentioned on a preceding page,^ are some fragments of green-glazed pottery.
These, which were presumably, though not to a certainty, found in Ayrshire
— for the labels have been lost — remind one, in some respects, of the
Dalrymple jug. The fictile vessel or vessels of which they are portions seem
to have been quite as rude in design, but the workmanship is better and the
paste finer.

Fio. 2. — Fragment of a Jar, foitnerly in Ayr MechouicB' Miueiun. Scale ^.

Fig. 2 represents a fragment of the body of a jar, showing what may

1 The engraving, being from a photograph, ed.), p. 678 ; Jtmr. Ardutol. A/*oe., vol. iii.
does not show this and eome other mtirkiDgBL p. 63.

* Wilson, PrehittcrrU AnndU of Scotland (1st > See p. 38.

SUPPOSED TO BE MEDIEVAL. 83

be intended to stand for an arm and a hand, and decorated with ornamented
raised banda and button-like knobs.

Fro. S. Flo. 4.

Fragments of a Handle and of Uie Hontb of a Jag, formerly in Ayr HecbanicB' Museum. Scale J.

Fig. 3 shows the handle of the Bame, or of a aimilar jug, and Fig, 4 the
spout formed into a head, which seems to have been bearded and notched,
as in Fig. 1, though but little of the beard remains.

Fig. 5 is apparently a portion of the
lower part of some shallow vessel, the
sides and bottom of which were inclined
at an angle of about 1 60°. This vessel had
likewise been covered with a green glaze.
There are also among the wreck of the
Museum portions of another similar vessel
that had been ornamented round the bot-
tom with thumb-like markings like those
as seen in the last Figure.

Fig. 6 shows a small-sized but taste-
fully-shaped jug. All we know of its
history is told in the following extract from
the last Statistical Account of the Parish ^"'- 6-F'«g"<'nt of a Fiota* Ve»d. formerly

, in toe Ayr Mechanics' Muaenm. Scale f.

of Ayr : — " We have seen a very antique

Tuscan-shaped pitcher, in possession of a gentleman in Ajrr, that was found
many years ago in the Townhead Quarry, thirty or forty feet under the
present surface of the ground, along with a kettle that has since been lost.

84 NOTES ON SOME AYKSHIKE EXAMPLES OF POTTERY.

What is Bomewhat remarkable, the pitcher, when found, was filled with sea-
shells, and has the appearance of having been glazed, which has been thought
— to militate against its claims to a Boman

origin, We believe, however, it has
been pretty clearly ascertained that the
Romans were well acquainted with the
art of glazing. The above quarry lies
along the line, as we have said, in which
the old Roman road must have passed,
and a relic of this kind, so far under-
ground, unless it had been placed there
by some contingency beyond the usual
course of affairs, carries along i\'ith it
some plausible reasons for believing it
o! ancient manufacture."^

On enquiry it was ascertained that
Fig. g — Jng found in the Townhead Quarry, Ayr- the gentleman referred to waa the late
James Morris, Esq., who, subsequent
to the date at which the notice was written (1837), had presented the jug
to his friend Thomas F. Smith, Esq., the present Provost of Dumfries. By
the obliging courtesy of the latter it was forwarded to Ayr for the purpose
of being described and figured here. A very good idea of it can be got
from the illustration. Its height is 5-j^ inches ; diameter at the mouth 2
inches and at the base 2y% inches. The surface had been once quite smooth,
and covered with a dark-green glaze ; but, escept a few small patches on
the neck and handle, this is now all worn off. The upper surface of the
latter is broadly but not very deeply grooved, and the vessel had been
surrounded at the lower part of the neck by a narrow band. Its present
appearance gives evidence that its whole surface has been subjected to some
corroding influence.

The Townhead Quarry, where this jug was found, was long one of the
chief sources of the supply of building materials for the town of Ayr, but
waa filled up about 1839, on the formation of the present railway station,
which stands on its site.

JAMES MACDONALD.
Avn, May iflTS.

■ jVi-u7 Stiitutical Account of Siotltntd, Ayrshire, p. 40.

IX.
THE HERALDRY OF WIGTOWNSHIRE.

INTKODUCTORY.

In commencing a series of the armorial bearings of landowners in Wigtown-
shire, a few words are necessary, explanatory of the authority by which
they are warranted.

The undoubtedly paramount authority in all Scottish heraldry, by
which its conspicuous purity and simplicity have been preserved, is the
Lyon King-of-Arms ; on whom aJone the power of granting, inspecting, and
matriculating arms, and distinguishing them by proper marks of cadency,
was conferred by the Statute 1592, c. 125.^ These powers were confirmed
and extended by the Statute 1672, c. 21,^ and were secured on him by the
19th Article of the Treaty of Union. He is therefore the sole judge and
arbiter in heraldry (under the Sovereign, the sole fountain of honour),
although he cannot deprive any one of his coat of arms, nor infringe the
rights of any gentleman by conferring his arms upon another.

The Register of the Lyon Office ought therefore to be the only source of
authoritative information on Scottish heraldry; but it is unfortunately
incomplete. Part of the Records is said to have been lost at sea in 1661,
while being conveyed back to Edinburgh from London, whither they had
been taken during the Commonwealth ; and another portion is said to have
been destroyed by fire about 1670.

The Act of 1672, in order to repair the losses caused by these disasters,
enjoins all nobles and gentry to register their arms in the Office of the Lord
Lyon, under pain of confiscation of all goods on which unregistered arms
should be depicted.

The majority of the nobles and gentry conformed to this decree ; but it

I Act. Pari Scot, (folio edit), vol. iii. p. 554,. ^ Ibid, vol. viii. p. 95, c. 47.
c. 29.

86 THE HEEALDRY OF WIGTOWNSHIRK

is to be regretted that to this day many of the most ancient and honourable
families, as well as cadets of houses setting up as landed proprietors, have
neglected to do so. However, as there can be little doubt that the arms of
such families were included in the lost Registers, the writer has no hesitation
in accepting the best authority, failing the Lyon Office, that may be available
in such cases.

There is much greater difficulty in dealing with those cadets, or de-
scendants of cadets, of noble or gentle families, who have acquired lands
and become heads of families, without acquiring a patent from the Lyon
King for arms duly diflferenced. It would be presumption in a high and
illegal degree for an amateur to add abatements to the family coat according
to his fancy ; and the abatements for younger sons are temporary brisures,
and cannot be handed down from father to son. Lastly, it should be under-
stood that the right to the family coat, without abatement, is vested solely
in the existing head of the family.

There is one common error to which it may be well to allude, and that
is the confusion which exists in many persons' minds as to the difference
between a " coat-of-arms '' and a " genealogical pennon.'' In the former
should be found only the bearings of the family, augmented it may be by
quarterings of arms inherited with land, or granted as an honourable aug-
mentation, or included in the shield, under patent, for some such cogent
reason. As a rule, the fewer quarterings carried the better, both to avoid
confusion and because the multiplication of quarterings tends to abate the
dignity of the original coat. Indeed, for that reason, the arms of several
good houses do not include some of the quarterings which they at one time
carried, or were entitled to carry. The observance of this rule has tended to
that simplicity which distinguishes the heraldry of Great Britain from that
of some continental nations. In a genealogical pennon are represented the
arms of every family whose blood runs in the veins of the bearer, and it is
certainly neither in good taste nor heraldically correct to display such an
achievement as a coat of arms.

ahfAnitsrffcjijTOti.

AYR S WIGTON ARCHV ASSOC* I8;8.

THE HERALDEY OF WIGTOWNSHIRR 87

PLATE L— THE ARMS OF THE PROVINCE OF GALLOWAY.

Blazon—

^f ure, a lion rampant argent ; armeti anli langueti gules ; croinneti toiti^
an antique eroton, or.

®ber tfie iffitla is plaeetr an antique eroinn ; anti fiefiinti it are Uisiioseti
in saltire a stnorti anti seeptre.

Note. — Sir David Lindsay and Nisbet give century at all events. These arms were formerly

tliis ancient coat without the external ornaments, quartered with the paternal coat of Douglas, Lord

It is uncertain when they were added, but they of Galloway, but have never been assumed by

have been used since the latter part of the last the Stewarts, Earls of Galloway.

THE HERALDRY OF WIGTOWNSHIRK

PLATE IL— THE ARMS OF THE RIGHT HONOURABLE SIE JOHN
DALRYMPLE, (Swcl of Stair, Viscount of Stair and Dalrymple;
Baron Newliston, Glenluce, and Stranraer, in the Peerage of Scotland ;
iSaron ©xenfoori, of Cousland, Edinburgh, in the Peerage of the United
Kingdom ; a Baronet of Nova Scotia ; IBtnifiijt of t!|e WifiStlt ; Horll
Uteutenant for the Counties of Ayr and Wigtown.

Blazon —

©uartnrlg, Xst anU 4tfl or, on a saltire, ajure, nine lojenges of t!je fiellr —
for ©alrgmple*

2li anlr 35 or, a efiebron efieque, argent anU Sdblt, liettoeen tfjree toater
fiougets of tije tfjirU — for ifiloss of BalnieL

Crest — a roelt proper* jlotto — ^jFirm* Supporters — Etoo lions gules*

]£lountr tf)e sfiieltr is tiisposetr tfie eollar antr pentrant of ti^^ <i^rtier of tfje
Eflistle*

Note. — This coat of armB is here given (with
the addition of the supporters now borne) as
registered hj Sir James Dalrymple, Bart., who
was afterwards created Viscount Stair ; and no
subsequent registration has been made, although
several families and properties have become merged
bj marriage and inheritance. Sir William Dal-
rymple of Cousland registered his arms in 1720 —

Quarterly Ist and 4th, Dalrymple, with a water
bouget sable, in chief, for difference.

2d and 3d sable, a cross fleury, between four
escallops argent, for Fletcher.

The supporters are differently given by various
authorities. Douglas gives two lions proper ;
Nisbet, in the text, gives two storks proper, but
in the engraving which he gives of the Earl of
Stair^B arms, the supporters are two lions gules.
None are registered in the Lyon Office. The
present writer has seen the supporters gules in
some old embroidery, and has therefore followed
it and Nisbet's engraving.

His lordship's arms are first in precedence of
the County, as Lord Lieutenant thereof.

HERBEET MAXWELL.

The Airlour, Wigtownshire,
June 1878.

ATI • WI6T0N ARCHV ASSOC* ttri.

'■ . 1'

I .

» \ \ ' »

Jobn.ffiarlof Ttair.

REMARKS ON THE EXISTING BUILDINGS AT

KILWINNING ABBEY,

WITH SPECIAL KEFEEENCE TO THE ACCOMPANYING PLATES.

PLATE L

Before describing this Plate, it may not be inappropriate to make some
brief allusions to the Abbey in general. The ruins of this ancient
structure serve rather to illustrate the vicissitudes through which it must
necessarily have passed, than to convey any just idea of its original extent.
It will indeed be noticed from the ground-plan that, with the exception of the
south transept gable, which is too massive to be easily demolished, the only
parts of the building permitted to remain, are those serving the utilitarian
purpose of boundary-walls to the comparatively modem churchyard. This
is strictly the case with the western gable and its connected piers ; until a
recent period the Bell-house floor having been entirely open, and never at
any time included within the limits of the burying-ground. So also with
the southern wall of the nave, which forms the only line of demarcation
between the churchyard and the private properties occupying the site of the
cloisters. The same remark holds good of the walls to the east, indicating
the site of the monastic buildings. It must also be remembered that, owing
to the accumulation of soil and debris, the walls of the Chapter-house and
slype, shown in the plan, have long been, and still to a great extent are,
buried beneath the ground. With these exceptions, all the other parts of
the Abbey Church and its connected buildings have been ruthlessly swept
away. To reward the labour of excavation even, only a few lines of founda-
tion remain, by which the original ground-plan may be traced.

90 EEMAEKS ON THE EXISTING BUILDINGS

In its original state then, Kilwinning was a Cross church, about 225
feet in extreme length internally, 64 to 65 feet in breadth at the nave, and
98 feet at the transepts. The nave had north and south aisles throughout
its entire length, the transepts had eastern aisles only, and there was a small
chancel, about 30 feet in breadth, without aisles.

To be a Scottish building the formation of the western extremity was
peculiar. The remaining indications are very slight and difficult to trace,
but there can be no reasonable doubt that the building, as at first
constructed, terminated in two western towers, having a slight projection
beyond the line of the nave walls north and south. Western towers^
whether in cathedral or monastery churches, are by no means unusual in
Scotland. Of the first, the cathedral at Elgin, and St. Machar's at Aberdeen,
may be instanced ; the abbeys at Dunfermline, Arbroath, and Holyrood axe
examples of the second. Whether included within the body of the building,
or projecting externally, the great majority of Scottish towers, however, rise
from a maasive substructure, pierced at the most by a doorway, and forming
structurally independent parts of the building. Kilwinning was quite an
exception to the national practice in this respect ; and to this fact is due, to
a great extent, the disappearance of the towers referred to, and the ruin of
the western extremity of the building as it must have existed in the twelfth
and thirteenth centuries. In the interior of the building the towers were
pierced by lofty arches opening on the central and side aisles of the nave.
Those opening on the side aisles — of which the southmost only remains —
were over twenty feet from the floor to the apex, and probably rose to the
same height as the main arcade. If the arches opening on the centre of the
nave were, as is extremely probable, of the same proportions as those at the
side aisles^ they must have risen to the height of forty-three feet from the
floor to the apex, and included not only the main arcade but also the tri-
forium. The result of this arrangement was, that a large additional space
would be included within the area of the church, giving a narthex or galilee
of from seventy to eighty feet in breadth at the western end. Although by
no means uncommon in England, the arrangement referred to is, so far as I
am aware, unique in Scotland. The nearest approximation to it is in the
abbey at Arbroath, where there are the remains of western towers in the
same position, pierced also by arches on both sides internally. These arches
are, however, of equal size, and relatively small, so that, although access

AT KILWINNING ABBEY. 01

WIS thereby freely obtained to the space beneath the towers, it can
scarcely have served the same purpose aa at Kilwinning. Of the towers
at the latter place, the lower part of the southmost only remains,
iQcluding the tower-pier at the north-east angle, the aisle-arch, part of
the south wall, and the foundatious of the western wall and respond.
The northmost tower was in existence so late as 1814; but of the
two it has really been the more unfortunate. Struck by lightning on
the 2d of August 1809, the greater part of it fell just five years after-

wards. What remained was blown up with gunpowder, and rooted out
even to the foundations, so that not a single stone is now left to indicate
^ither its position or character. Happily materials still exist, slight
indeed, but sufficient to give an idea ' of its original appearance, and
specially important as bearing independent testimony to the construction
of the Abbey at its western extremity. In the accompanying views, photo-
lithographed from old engravings, this north-west tower is shown in three
successive stages.

92 REMARKS ON THE EXISTING BUILDINGS

There is first, the view taken by Captain Grose in 1789, illustrating his
notice of Kilwinning Abbey. ^

This view is taken from the north-east, and in its ruined state shows the
interior of the building, and particularly that of the west front and tower.
The arch in the tower, which opened upon the north aisle, corresponding to
that still existing on the south, is distinctly represented ; also a portion of
the north tower-pier, and the springing of the arch above it ; also the
diafting and springing of the triforium arch. A little to the south of the
western entrance and window over it will be noticed a cluster of columns and
a portion of an arch standing above the raggled outline of the building.
This, in all probability, represents a portion of the clerestory, now entirely
demolished, and which cannot have long existed in so precarious a position.
It will be observed also that the mullion of the window is still complete.*
The tower itself is finished off with crow-stepped gables, and a saddle-back
roof ; a mode of terminating a tower conmion enough in Scotland, although
comparatively rare in England.

Captain Grose mentions that in 1789 this tower was being repaired by
the Earl of EgUnton, and it was probably at this period, or immediately
after his drawing was made, that the spire, battlements, and pinnacles
represented in the second view were added.

The next view appeared originally in the Edinburgh Magazine for
April 1802, and is stated to have been engraved " from a drawing taken on
the spot by Mr. Denholm of Glasgow."* The building is represented
from an opposite point to the last, or the north-west, thus showing the
exterior of the tower, and, in so far as visible, the west front. The
tower is buttressed at the angles, and so exactiy agreeing with the
foundations laid bare in the Green.* These buttresses rise the full height of
the tower, and it will be noticed that smaller buttresses, rising up two-thirds
of the height, are placed in the centre. The upper stage above these centre
buttresses is pierced by two windows. This arrangement is quite in har-
mony with the view made by Captain Grose, as may be seen from the north
or shaded side of the tower, as given by him. Owing to the demolition of

^ iln^. o/iSKcot., vol ii pp. 212-214. Captain ^ I am indebted for this identification to

Grose has taken an artisfs liberty with the south David Laing, Es^., LL.D., of the Signet Library,

transept gable, having twisted it round so as to EdinbuigL
bring the exterior into view, and inserted an aich,
which certainly does not exist in the originaL ^ ^wi« p. 100 infra.

AT KILWINNING ABBEY. 93

the main walls abutting upon them, on its eastern and southern sides the
tower would of course be deprived of the natural buttressing which these
walls provided. If to this we add that on these two sides the lower part
of the tower was hung entirely on large piers and arches, it will easily be
understood how at the last it should have collapsed so suddenly, and fallen
chiefly across the Bell-house floor, demolishing a house situated towards the
south.

In the view a small part 'of the present parish church is seen towards
the left. To the right of the tower rises the south transept gable, and
a little beyond it a small pinnacle, marking the position of the pansh school,
erected in 1800, and now used as a mission hall.

The third view represents the tower in its final stage, before the north-
east comer was blown up with gimpowder. This view is photo-Htho-
graphed from the engraving which appeared originally in the Scots
Magazine for October 1814, as an illustration to a "Description of Kil-

94 REMAKKS ON THE EXISTraO BUILDINGS

winning Steeple, with an account of its recent fall" At the close of the
notice it is stated that " The view here ^ven is taken from the S.
by E., and includes in it the remains of part of an antient place of
worship connected with the Abbacy, esteemed a beautiful specimen of
church architecture, and still retains marks of strength and durability."^

This reference is of course to the south transept gable, which appears in the
foreground, although in relatively very much reduced dimensions. By a
close inspection of the remaining battlements of the tower, it will be noticed,
that even in its state of final ruin, the Papingo is represented as projecting
from its summit.

I cannot close my remarks on this north-west tower, which stood so
long, and yet has so completely disappeared, iftithout expressing my extreme
regret that the under portion, or, indeed, all of it that would have stood
securely, should not have been permitted to remain, even in a state of ruin.
"Without the slightest hesitation or dubiety, points could then have been
determined, or information gathered, only now to be obtained partially, and
with great trouble, by tracing- the long buried foundations of the companion
tower beneath the walls, the floors, and the passages of adjoining properties.

' Vide Scoti Magasine, voL kivi. pp. 723, 724.

AT KILWINNING ABBEY. 95

From this digression on a now obliterated portion of the structure,
returning to remains still in existence, there can be no doubt the
south-west tower must have been demolished at a comparatively early
period. It is indeed evident that, owing to some important events of
which there is no trace in history, the original fabric of the Abbey was
subjected to some very serious injury. It may be inferred, not unreason-
ably, that this destruction took place during the Wars of Independence,
when, in common with the south and west of Scotland, Ayrshire was over-
run by the English armies. Whatever was the cause, it involved the
demolition of the original west fjx)nt and south tower. When the Abbey
was reconstructed, probably owing to diminished resources, instead of re-
building the original fajade, or even turning its foundations to account, it
was found to be the simplest plan to insert a massive gable, over six feet in
thickness, between the two eastern tower-piers, so receding the west front
nearly thirty feet, and leaving the north tower with its great open nave-arch
projecting externally, a state of things which actually continued down to the
beginning of the present century. Except on a supposition like that just
mentioned, the existence of an open arch of such dimensions would be an
utter anomaly ; and the inserted gable itself bears evidence that the forma-
tion on the north side must have been exactly similar to that on the south.
At the north end, where it was built up against the tower-pier, the outline
of every shaft and moulding, with that of the base, all in reverse of course,
is still remaining, showing that, in 1814, a pier corresponding exactly to
that on the south must have been demolished. In addition to this evidence,
the foundations of the southern half of the west front have been recently
laid bare, including a small portion of the ingoing of the central doorway,
and so completely establishing the view just stated.

In its reduced form the church was about 195 feet in leno1;h, of which
the nave occupied 110 feet From the corbels still remaining in the south
wall, the nave appears to have been divided into eeven bays ; but whether
these correspond with the original division, owing to the impossibility of
making excavations within its area, it is of course at present impossible to
tell. In the south wall of the nave are two doorways, about 4 feet 6 inches
in width and 14 feet apart. The westmost of these is blocked up, and has
evidently been so, since the erection of the vaulted tenement abutting upon
this part of the wall. From certain indications, the probability is that the
cloisters originally extended right up to the south-west tower, thus includ-

96 REMARKS ON THE EXISTING BUILDINGS

ing the entire length of the nave. The erection of the tenement referred to
must have considerably reduced their area, and, if it did not previously exist,
necessitated the opening up of a new doorway entering upon what would
then be the west cloister walk. Close to the south transept there is a highly
ornamental doorway, which would form the principal means of communica-
tion between the cloisters and the church. This doorway will be found fully
illustrated in Plates V. and VI. Close to it, but in the south transept wall,
there has been another plain arched opening or doorway, now blocked up
and turned to account as a coal cellar. On clearing the soil down to the
original floor-level, another doorway was found in the south-west angle of
the transept. This doorway gave access to the circular staircase which ran
right up to the roof, and communicated with the various galleries at the
triforium and clerestory levels. There is, however, only a small portion of
the stair remaining. The foundations of the eastern wall of this transept
were also laid bare, and the piers of the aisle-arches cleared to the floor. It
is only with reluctance that we are compelled to postpone any illustrations
of these beautiful arches, and the finely proportioned south transept gable.
To the ruins as they exist this gable holds the place of Hamlet in the play
of Hamlet, and without it an architectural description of Kilwinning Abbey
is necessarily incomplete. Soaring to the height of ninety feet, and present-
ing no ostensible means of access, it was felt that to do justice to it, and
make for the first time an accurate and reliable survey, appliances were
requisite which could not be available in the time at disposal. Foij the
present, then, we can only recall to the recollection of the reader the
admirable engraving of this gable given by Billings in his Baronial and
Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Scotland.

From the plan it will be seen that the south transept, including the aisle,
has been 46 feet 3 inches in width. Of its eastern wall, and indeed of all
the walls traceable from this point to the east and north, only a few courses
of the basement remain. From the line of masonry being continued along
the north end of the aisle it would appear that it was not open to the chancel,
which would thus be continued right onward to the great south-east pier, as
shown in the plan by the dotted lines. On the foundations of this pier, and
upon those of the wall closing the end of the aisle, and the south and east
walls of the chancel, the present parish church is in so far built. It thus marks
the extreme limit of the Abbey to the east ; but owing to its greater exten-
sion towards the north, the north wall of the chancel and the east wall of the

:*r>M

•■i -^

»-

..oik Aticr* 1^79

AT KILWINNING ABBEY. 97

north transept fall entirely within its area. It has akeady been mentioned
that the chancel was comparatively narrow. The angles had terminated in
massive buttresses, but even over their extreme basement lines the breadth
was only 42 feet 6 inches, while internally it cannot have been more than
30 feet.

One of the most interesting discoveries recently made was the foundations
of the north transept gable. All knowledge of its exact position seems to
have been lost ; but, on the assumption that it would occupy a corresponding
position to that upon the south, the ground was opened up with the most
satisfactory results. True, only two or three of the lowermost basement
courses remain, and many points upon which we would desire information
must thus be left entirely indeterminate, but we are thereby enabled to fix
the leading features of the gable unmistakably. In general dimensions it
agreed of course with that upon the south. It had a turret staircase at the
north-west angle, and also an eastern aisle. The leading point of diflfer-
ence was a large porch projecting externally from the centre of the gable,
and measuring over the basement about 25 feet 6 inches. The doorway
must have entered close upon the respond of the aisle arch, of which a
course or two still remains. Extensive excavations were also made in front
of the present church, in the hope of getting traces of the piers at the
central crossing. The hewn work was found, however, to have been entirely
removed; but foundations, of the broadest and most massive character,
still exist, leaving, I think, little doubt that in addition to the western towers
there must also have been a central tower, for the piers of which this broad
plateau of masonry was laid.

It is extremely to be regretted that no examination could be made in
the direction of the nave. It must be remembered that not only the pre-
cincts of the building, but also its entire area, have for the last two hundred
years been made use of as a burial-ground, and this not in open soil, but
simply in the accumulated rubbish and debris of the fallen buildings, which
lies seven or eight feet deep above the old floor. The result, it may safely
be said, is, that this entire mass of stones, Hme, and human remains might
be cleared away, and it would be found that not a single interment had
taken place below the original floor-level.

In this general sketch it is unnecessary to make any allusion to the indi-
vidual parts of the building illustrated in the succeeding plates. It wUl

98 REMARKS ON THE EXISTING BUILDINGS AT KILWINNING ABBEY.

easily be seen that all we can know of Kilwinning Abbey must ever be, in
the strictest sense, fragmentary. Enough, however, remains to show that,
unlike many other ecclesiastical structures, which were the slow growth of
successive ages, it was characterised by complete unity of design, and that
its first condition was undoubtedly its best. Subject to slight but necessary
variations, the plan in all its leading outlines is quite symmetrical, and,
buried though it must have been for many ages, wherever the basement has
been uncovered the same arrangement of massive splays and base-courses
presents itself from one extremity of the building to the other. The inserted
west front, which may be a work probably of the fourteenth century, proves
unmistakably at how early a period the Abbey must have been extensively
ruined, and that from the injuries then inflicted it never really recovered.
As due to the munificent patronage of the De Morvilles, Lords of Cuning-
hame, and Great Constables of Scotland, as a historic monument of this
distinguished family, one thing is clear, that in the twelfth and thirteenth
centuries Ealwinning must have been one of the noblest structures in the
west of Scotland, second only to, if in its first erection it did not even sur-
pass, the Abbey founded by the Stuarts at Paisley, or the Cathedral at
Glasgow. As they now exist, both of these structures have the advantage
of it in length — Glasgow Cathedral, including the Lady Chapel, being about
sixty feet longer internally. Paisley half that amount ; but in the breadth,
both at nave and transepts, Kilwinning exceeded both of them. Even the
Cathedral at St. Andrews, 358 feet in interior length, and the largest of all
our ecclesiastical buildings, also fell short of it in breadth ; while at Dry-
burgh the dimensions are considerably less every way.

It may also be mentioned that it was exactly one-half the interior length
of Salisbury Cathedral The western extremity of the nave at Westmin-
ster Abbey terminates in precisely the same manner as at Kilwinning, the
towers being carried internally on piers and lofty arches. Although the two
buildings are not to be compared either in length or general dimensions, in
the breadth at the nave the advantage of Westminster is very slight indeed,
while in the Scottish example the piers which carried the western towers
were much more massive and imposing ; more massive even than those
supporting the central tower in England's famous shrine.

WILLIAM GALLOWAY.
Edinburgh, May 1878.

PLATE 11.

On this Plate axe shown the plans of the great western tower-pier and
respond, with the cap and base-moulds, and mason-marks. This part of the
structure is of interest not only for what it is in itself, but also for what it
proves must of necessity have been the construction of the west end of the
Abbey. This tower-pier, so massive in its proportions^ and measuring
11 feet by 9, was only one of two which stood on either side of the nave,
and, with the arches which sprang from them, the corresponding responds,
side and front walls, formed the substructure of towers which must have
been the leading features in the great western facade. With this general
fact, however, we must remain content ; all other details have perished.
Excavations made in the Bell-house floor, and also in the Green, show that
the western side of these towers was in a line with the centre of the fajade,
and that, in keeping with the rest of the building, massive buttresses rose
at the several angles. On lifting the pavement in front of the present
doorway from the Green, the foundations of the buttresses at the extreme
south-west angle were found in perfect preservation. The gable of the
tenement, marked on the plan as being dated 1598, is built partly on these
buttresses and partly on the southern wall of the tower, while the gable of
the tenement running westwards finds an equally secure footing on the
main west wall of the church. This close proximity of the adjoining
dwellings, and the manner in which the old walls have been turned to
every available account, the most interesting parts lying buried under foun-
dations or beneath floors, renders the work of exploration, where not impos-
sible, extremely difficult. At the south-west angle internally, there is a
small recess with the spring of a vault still remainiug. This was evidently
the entrance to a staircase, by which access would be gained to the tower,
and I believe that the staircase in the north tower occupied a corresponding
position. The plan of the western extremity of the building would thus be
characterised by complete symmetry, although it by no means follows that
the towers themselves would be carried to their full height. They very
seldom were so ; and it is extremely probable that, in the north tower at
least, the upper part, and certainly the spire, were the additioDS of a later
age.

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PLATE III.

On this Plate an elevation is given of the great western tower-pier, with
its attached aisle-arch. That the tower itself must have been demolished
at a very early period, and so this pier and arch fully exposed to the action
of the external atmosphere, is evident, from the extremely weather-worn
character of the masomy in general. Every joint is gaping and open. All
the mouldings, of whatever kind, — capitals, bases, hood-mouldings, and even
the shafting of the pier, — ^being so much wasted that their original outlines
are entirely lost, and have become literally unintelligible. In marked con-
trast to this state of things may be compared the portions of the pier and
respond recently uncovered, whether by removal of the debris and soil,
or the masonry of the inserted gable. At these parts the original surfaces
are as fresh, — ^the most delicate lines of the mouldings, the various arrises,
mason-marks, and draught lines, are as sharp, as when first executed, show-
ing that never since the building was first erected have they been exposed
to the corroding action of the weather. This fact is the more remarkable,
when it is remembered that the stone, especially in a damp state, is very
soft, tender, and easUy chipped, so that distinction must be made between
injuries due to weather and those due to violence or accidental fracture.

A striking peculiarity in this arch is the height at which the centres
from which it is struck are placed above the springing. As usual in the
First Pointed style, in the doorway between the church and cloisters (Plate
v.), the proportion is very nearly an equilateral triangle, with the centres
on the springing line. In the present case they are nine or ten inches
above it. The result is, that had the arc-lines on either side been dropped
vertically, the arch would have been of the form known as "stilted."
Instead of this, each curve is continued until it terminates on the capital,
exactly as in the form when struck from one centre called the " horse-shoe
arch,'' as in the chancel arch of St. Eegulus at St. Andrews.

Another peculiar feature is the variation in the levels of the bases,
the base of the tower-pier being 4^ inches below that of the respond, while
the shaft of the column on the north side is 2^ inches longer than that
upon the south. This fact is no doubt due to the subsidence of the pier,
and it is possible that it may have taken place partially during its erection,
which would account for the apparently designed elongation of the shaft.

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PlateJ

W. Galloway. Mens et Del

Ayh * WisToa AacH' Aiaoe" 197S

PLATE IV.

This Plate illustrates the leading features of the later west front or inserted
gable. It will be at once seen that there is a marked contrast in point of
style between this gable and the rest of the Abbey. Although very indeter-
minate in its character, the style is quite consistent with the erection of the
gable in the fourteenth century, say at the close of the Wars of Succession.
To be part of an ecclesiastical structure, indeed, it carries upon it the impress
of an unsettled era as much as does the fortalice of the baron. When we
look at it we cannot help feeling that its builders were still inspired by the
dread of external violence, and that their prime necessity was defence. The
gable itself is over six feet thick, a solid mass of masonry, characterised by
the most severe simpUcity. There is no ornament, no decoration, not a
moulding even, the doorway and the window being surrounded by plain
chamfers only. To be the main entrance to a great building the doorway
is of the narrowest proportions, only 4 feet 6 inches at the base, and 4 feet
4^ inches at the spring, while the entire height is under 8 feet. The
window above is quite in keeping with this doorway. It is raised a
considerable height above the ground, and consists of but two lights about
1 foot 6 inches in width, separated by a massive mullion, and stiU further
subdivided by a transom. There are no hood mouldings ; nothing that could
possibly be spared either externally or intemaQy. It wiU also be noticed
that the recessing, both at the door and window, is towards the interior of
the building, instead of the deeply splayed ingoing, common in church
architecture. AU these circumstances point inevitably to the conclusion
that the destruction of the original western fagade and south tower at Kil-
winning was due not to a casualty but to extreme violence, and that the
character of the new gable, simple as it is almost to baldness, was the result
not only of diminished resources but of an imminent feeling of insecurity
and sense of danger. We know that in the sixteenth century the west end
of Melrose Abbey was entirely demolished by the English army then devas-
tating the south of Scotland, and that not a trace of it now remains ; and the
probability is that two or three hundred years previously a similar fate had
overtaken the Abbey at Kilwinning.

Plate 4

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MASON MARKS ON THE WEST GABLE

DITTO ON RYBAT OF WINDOW

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ELEVATION. OF W4ND0W IN THE WEST GABLE

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PLAN OF WINDOW IN THE WEST GABLE

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SECTION OF RYBAT

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ELEVATION OF ENTRANCE DOORWAY IN THE WEST GABLE

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W. Galloway. Hens, al Del.

Atx * Wi«Tra AKca^ AaaoC 1878

PLATE V.

On this Plate is represented the doorway which formed the principal means
of communication between the church and the cloisters. It is of special
interest, as being the sole remaining example of the leading doorways in the
Abbey, and from its ornate character an idea may be formed as to what the
great west portal must have been. In order . to give scope for the deeply
recessed ingoing, the wall has been at this point considerably thickened.
The arch is in four orders, the mouldings of the first being carried down
continuously as jamb mouldings, and terminating upon a moulded base.
Tho other three orders are carried upon columns, the shafts of which are
unfortunately gone. The basis of the arch is an equilateral triangle, and
the whole proportions of the doorway are exceedingly graceful. The same
remark applies to the detail, and especially to the capitals and bases of the
colunms. The general design shows great care, but in several points the
execution falls short of it. It will be noticed that the head of the doorway
is twisted to one side, the points at which the hood-moulding and orders
below it meet being by no means vertical. In many of the arches, in-
cluding this one, there is a curious feature noticeable, viz., that a small
stone, not exceeding three inches in breadth, is let in as a voussoir, as if the
remaining arch stones had failed to occupy the requisite space, and it had
been found necessary to supplement them by inserting a thin stone. The
most curious instance of mis-arrangement occurs in the second order. In
the drawing the peculiar enrichment which distinguishes this order is shown
as restored. In the doorway itself only the roots of a succession of stone
bars, square in section, are seen. From the angle at which they are set
it is evident that these bars have formed a series of open conical or pjrra-
midal figures, which will be better understood from the detail drawing
in Plate VI. It will easily be seen that, by exercising a little forethought,
these figures might have been so arranged as to be both equally spaced
and quite symmetrical. But while the east side starts with a whole figure,
and the west side with a half one, the worst confusion of all occurs in the
centre, where there is half a space over, and to remedy the defect bars are
run across from the apex of one ornament to the base of another in the most
awkward fashion. To our modem ideas it is singular that a part of the
building involving so much elaborate workmanship should also exhibit
such striking incongruities.

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PLATE VI.

On this Plate are given the details of the preceding doorway, at a scale of
^th of the full size. It has abeady been noticed that there is a considerable
amount of variety in the detail ; and, curiously enough, the west side is much
less ornate than the east The two outermost capitals on the west side are
quite plain, the only carving on the third being two human figures, now
very much effaced. On the east side all the capitals are enriched, each one
differing from the other. The bases are treated in the same manner. Those
on the west side are quite plain, and wrought to a much flatter moulding
than those on the east side. The latter are all enriched, and that in a very
beautiful and by no means common manner, a variety of devices being carved
on the principal roll of the base-mould. On one base the pattern is a scollop,
on another it is a running scroll ornament, on the third, although very much
chipped, an animal is still traceable, with its tail terminating in a knot of
foliage. As previously mentioned, the arch is in four orders, the several
mouldings of these being given on this Plate. Two of them are enriched.
In one of these, i.e. the outermost, the enrichment is in perfect preserva-
tion ; on the other it is very much defaced. This arises from the fact that
it has been all under-cut work, only the roots of the decoration being now
left. This has consisted of a series of stone bars, square in section, meeting
together in a raised centre. These bars spring from a roll on either side,
and there is a larger roll in the centre, above which, however, the bars stood
quite free, the whole forming a very curious example of under-cut ornament,
which, unfortunately, afforded only too ready a temptation to the idle or the
mischievous, to be permitted to remain intact. The curious manner in which
this ornament has been bungled in the centre of the arch has already been
mentioned. In the outermost of the two enriched orders the leading feature
is also a roll, which is crossed by bands, alternately round and sharp-edged.
An ornament of exactly the same character appears on the western doorways
at Arbroath and Jedburgh Abbeys. The hood moulding is enriched with
the dog-tooth, so characteristic of the Early English style. This doorway
is still in good preservation ; the bases have sustained some injury, the shafts
are gone, and the ornament in the second order is defaced, but, owing to its
sheltered position, it is otherwise in good repair. Where it was possible to
do so in the drawings the defective features have been restored.

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PLATE VII.

Until the present Spring^ the site of the Chapter-house had not been iden-
tified, the entrance openings were blocked with masoniy, and the interior
buried to the crown of the arch. The masonry having been removed, the
ground reduced, and necessary excavations made, itwas found that the Chapter-
house at Kilwinning has been a quadrangular apartment, 19 feet in breadth
from north to south, and 38 feet 4 inches in length from east to west, ex-
tending about 18 feet beyond the ordinary range of the monastic buildings.
The vaulting is entirely gone. With exception of the west end, which
internally is all dressed work, the walls are built throughout in a rough
coursed rubble, conglomerate being chiefly used. There is an entire absence
of that frequent feature in a Chapter-house, the stone bench. There would
probably be oak stalls and also lining, as it is difficult to conceive that the
walls would be exposed in their present state, especially as the hewn work at
the western extremity has been carefully painted. A curious feature in the
entrance is the convergence of the jambs, there being nearly an inch and a
half of difference between the dimensions at the base and impost. The sills
of the side openings, and the supports of the sub-arches, are gone ; so also
is the paving of the floor. The Chapter-house would be lighted chiefly from
its eastern extremity. Of the windows only the fragment of a sill remains
on the south side, partially built into the wall, marking the ordinary line of
the monastic buildings. It is interesting as showing the window-level.

Between the Chapter-house and the south transept gable lies the slype,
which formed the principal means of communication between the cloisters and
the eastern precincts of the monastery. The vaulting is here also entirely
gone, only the spring remaining, where it had been built up against the
south transept gable. Curiously enough, although there has been no stone
benching in the Chapter-house the slype has been benched on either side.
The side wall next the gable has been carefully faced with hewn masonry,
as also are the two extremities. On the side next the Chapter-house, how-
ever, the wall separating this apartment from the slype is built of the same
rough rubble work as the Chapter-house, largely interspersed with con-
glomerate. If the slype was ever paved it also is entirely gone ; and, indeed,
it is evident that, previous even to the demolition of the vaulting, the build-
ings must have been stripped of everything that could possibly be removed.

1 1878.

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PLATE VIII.

PLATE VIIL

On this Plate the mouldings of the doorway and side openings in the Chapter-
house are given at a scale of ^th of the full size. Although the connection
is broken by the impost mouldings, the arch-mould is precisely similar to
that of the jambs. The leading mason-marks of the Chapter-house and
slype are also given. The plan and elevation of the entrance to the slype
from the cloisters will illustrate the style of this part of the building.
There has apparently been no provision for a door at this point. Of the
doorway proper, at the eastern extremity of the slype, there are only partial
remains. The slype has had a stone bench running along on either side,
but only a smaU portion of the seating now exists.

A curious circumstance may be mentioned, which cannot be referred
back to a later period than that in which the monastic buildings were still
intact, and probably in actual use : The accumulated debris and soil having
been removed, and the original floor-level laid bare, Mr. Smith, the manager
at the Kilwinning Ironworks, was anxious to ascertain the nature of the
subsoil and possible depth of the marine beds. An excavation was accord-
ingly made in the centre of the slype, with a curious and unexpected result.
At the depth of a foot or less from the surface, an adult skeleton was found,
lying in position, with the head to the west. Along with it, to the depth
of another foot, and occupying the full width of the passage-way, was a
mass of adult bones, evidently the remains of large-sized powerful men.
They lay in no order, but with the various parts of the skeleton mixed indis-
criminately together. Although still for the most part complete, even to the
skulls, these bones were in a very soft, spongy, and decayed condition.
"Where teeth were found, one peculiarity of the molars was that the crowns
were invariably ground quite flat. Under whatever circumstances these
bones may have been deposited in so unusual a locality, it must have taken
place previous to the existence of the modem burying-ground.

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PLATE IX

Except Fig. 10, all the stones illustrated on tliis Plate were found
recently, either in trenching the churchyard or embedded in masonry. So
complete has been the ruin at Kilwinning Abbey that many interesting
features, the previous existence of which may safely be inferred, are now
represented, if at all, only by individual fragments. Take, for instance,
sepulchral memorials. In addition to interments within the church there
must have been a burying-ground in its immediate precincts. Yet, if we
except Pont's statement as to the reputed tomb of De Morville, there has
been hitherto no trace at Kilwinning of such relics of the past. This fact
must greatly enhance the value of the fragments. Figs. 1 to 4. They are
parts of recumbent gravestones, and, excepting Fig. 2, are all incised.

Fig. 1 was found buried about two feet. The upper part is gone, but
the stone originally must have been about six feet in length. There still
remain the shaft, and three steps of a plain calvaried cross. On the left side
there is a massive sword, with curved guard, part of the hilt being broken.

Fig. 2 is of very small size, carved in relief, with a floriated cross, and
is interesting as carrying the weU-known symbol of the shears.

Figs, 3 and 4 are the lower parts of small tombstones, graven with
cross and sword. Fig. 3 has the blade represented bare. In both stones the
original draught-lines are stiU visible.

Figs. 5 and 6 are portions of Gothic inscriptions, probably from tombs
within the church. Fig. 6 begins the formula " Hie Jacet," etc.

Fig. 7 was found in the rubble blocking the Chapter-house. It has
been the keystone of an arch, with floriated crockets of late date, and
may have been part of a fireplace or other arched opening in the monastic
buildings.

Fig. 8. This head, representing a bishop, terminated the hood-moulding
of the westmost triforium arch on the south side of the nave.

Fig. 9. This is the only fragment of tabernacle work found. It has been
carefully and delicately carved, and bears traces of having been painted.

Fig. 10. This stone is built into the waU of the present church. It
bears the initials of Eobert, Master of Eglinton, and Janet Campbell his
wife, daughter of Campbell of Loudon. In the parish church at Beith there
is a similar cognisance carved in wood.

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COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF THE

MONASTERY OF KILWINNING.

§ 1. Topography.

There is no contemporary account in existence of the Monastery of Kilwin-
ning as it appeared before the Eeformation, and consequent destruction of
the bmldings.

A. Bishop Lesly gives the following brief notice of it :^ — " In Cunning-
hamia oppidum Irvinum civium frequentia, opibus, ac portus commoditate
non long^ Airo inferius. Ad duo ab urbe pastuum millia est moDasterium
satis magnificum Kilvininum nomine."

Pont gives the fullest account of the appearance of what remained of the
original structure in his time : ^ —

B. ** KiLWiNNEN. It doeth beare the name Vinnen of a certaine holy
man so named, wich came from Irland with certane of hes discipells and fol-
loners, and heir taught the Gospell, the place of hes residence retaning still
the name KiUvinnin. The church or cell of Vinnen, unto quhome as to a
notable sante the superstitious posterity dedicatted. The searching out of
the etomologie of this place may (as appeireth) be evidently confirmed by
the names of the adiacent places to this day, as Suy-Innen, that is Vinin's
seat ; Kaer-vininhill ; St. Vinin's velles, fabled by the vulgar credulous
comons to haue issewed of the tears of this sant. It is afl&rmed that the
toune and place quher this Abbey of Kilwinin standes ves formerly named
Segdoune, as the foundatione of the said monasterey beares record. It wes
foundit by a Noble Englich man, named Sir Kichard MorweU, fugitive from
his auen countrey for the slaughter of Thomas Becckett, Archbischope of

^ De Origine Scotorum. Antore Joanne LeslsBO. ' Font's Ouninghame. Edited by J. S. Dobie,

Rom», 1578, (Reprint, 1676.) P. 10. F.S.A. Scot. (1876), p. 254.

116 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

Canterburrey (being one of them), in the rainge of K. Henry 2^ of England,
quho flpng to Scotland wes be the then Scotts King velcomed and honoured
with the office of grate Constable of Scotland, as also inriched with the
Lordeschips of Cuninghame, Largis, and Lauderdaill, quhosse posterity for
diners generations possessed the said office and lands. Nou the forsaid
Richard being as vald seime tuoched vith compunctione for the sauety of
hes soul (according to the custome of thesse tymes) did found this Abbey of
Kilvinnin in testimoney of hes repentance. And first of all did bulde the
Queir or Cancell of the said Abbey church endouing it vith diuerss lands,
as namely, the 80ft Land of Kilvinin, after this tennor : — Damns forrestam
nostram de Kilvinin ibidem deo seruientibus ad pascendum porcos eorum et
ad exscindenda ligna ad constructionem Monasterii vna sum decimis tergo-
rum tam ceruorum quam damarum eiusdem forrestae : Also Auicea Lon-
caster vyflFe to the said S*"- Eichard with consent of her said husband dottes
in puram et perpetuam elimosinam the land of Bytth, Batth, and Threppe-
wood to the said Monasterey. Item, Dorothea de Morvill, daughter to the
said S'^- Richard, and vyfie to Phillippus de Horssey, accomplisched the fabrick
of the said Monasterey, and hes sone Dominus Valterus de Horssey confirms
to them the same ; and the said fundatione, with the donations and mortifica-
tions thereto belonging is confirmed by Pope Honorious the 2d, A^- 2^^- ponti-
ficatus sui : Thesse donations and fundations are also confirmed by K. Alex-
ander the 3d. ; as also by Jocelinus, Dei Gratia Humilis Glasguensis Ecclesiae
Minister Authoritate Episcopali, etc. The Reueneus of this Abbay wer
grate and maney by ther proper Lands. The founder therof S'^- Richard
Morwill layes interrid in the now cemetery of this church, vnder a tome of

Lymestone, framed coffin vayes, of old pollished vorke,
with this coate one the stone with [out] aney superscrip-
tione or Epitaphe. The structure of thes monastery wes
solid and grate, all of free stone cutte, the church fair and
staitly, after the modell of that of Glasgow, vith a fair
steeiple of 7 score foote of height, zet standing quhen I
myselue did see it. Heir wer also the Lords Montgomery
and Earls of Eglintone interrid. The Riuer Garnock glyds betuixt the
toune and Abbay ouerpassed vith a fair stone bridge. Heir it is remark-
able that this Monastery wes foundit in A^- 1191, and destroyed in A°- 1591.
It is the precinct enuironed vith a faire stone vail, within vich ar goodly
gardens and orchardes."

THE MONASTERY OF KILAVINNING. 117

C. "Kilwinning in Cuninghame.^ Glasgow Dioecesis, fower miles be
north Irwine, near the Irish Sea, founded by Hewgh Morville Constable of
Scotland, or rather by Eichard Morville, whose wife was Avicia, and father
William de Morville, for the Monks calld Tyronenses, who entered Scotland
in 1313. Lesly, page 10, says, ' In Cuninghamia ad duo ab Irwiuo pas-
suum milia est monasterium satis magnificum Kilwinning nomine. Areo-
pagitis TacitiuTiiores erant ab Exordio Dies et Noctes fere insomnes
ducebant, media quotidie noctis sUentia Gallocinio et Conticinio rumpebant,
Triplici officio, Die i. B. V. et defunctorum, et statis diebus totum exple-
bant Psalterium, adhibitis nonnimquam ad singulos versus mutais Scoparuin
et flagrorum castigationibus. Pane et aqua vivebant; Grosse vastaban-
tur, multum laborabant, Kadebantur toto fere capite, Solo Eeservato invisi-
bili poena crinium circulo.' Dempst. says, *S. Cronanus sive Chronianus
Epis. et confessor Celebris ad modum apud Cuninghamenses in Scotia,
Apud quos cum suis in rebus, turn in alienis, et authoritate valebat et
gratia, quorum multos ex vitiorum probris, Eripuit, multos etiam ab
humanis ad Divina traduxit, quorum plerique non vulgari aliqua probitatis
laude contenti continuis sese inclusere caenobijs In Kilwinningensi praeser-
tim, et Faillensi, quae celebriora fuere apud Cuninghamenses. Mortuus est
in praedicta Cuninghamia Scotiae proviucia sub anno Christi 640.' " — David
Camerarius, lib. iii. page 74.

" Kilwinning was cast down in 1561 by the Earle of Argyle, Glencame,
and the Protestants of the West, impowerd therto by ane act of the Secret
Counsell, made for destroying all monuments, and places of Idolatry." —
Knox, lib. iii. page 300.

" Apud Kilmarnock sub Abbate Kilwinio celeberrima devotione, mira-
culorum gloria, et maximo concursu frequentabatur Sanctus Mamocus dum
heresis nuper Kelligionem Extingueret Colitur 25 Janu." — Dempst.

" 1. Nigellus Abbas de Kilwinning is wittness to a Charter of Walter
the Second Stewart of Scotland, 1210, Granting to Pasley his Lands lying
betwixt Hauld Patrick and Espadare. The same is wittness to a Charter
Herberti Decani et Capituli, Glasgw, confirming to Passelet severall
Churches granted therto by Florentius Electus Glasgw.

" 2. Johannes Abbas de Kilwinning is wittness to the fundation of
Dalmoulin Waltero 2, Senescallo, Waltero Epis. Glasgw et Adamo Abb.

* Hay's Scotia Sacra, p. 505. MS. Advocates' Library.

118 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

Mailros. The Abbot of Ealwinnin being appointed judge by the Pope of
the debate betwixt Pasley and Malmor Hobelan, perpetuall Vicar of Kyl-
linan, subdelegats Kichard de Lanark, subdecanus Ecclesia3, Glasgw, And
Kobertus de Edinburgh Ejusdem Ecclesise Canonicus, who adjudg'd to
Paisley nummatam Terrse de Kylma apud Kenlochgilp ; Et Capellam Beatse
Mariae in eadem terra, 1268. Which made the subject of their contestations.

" 3. Bernard Abbot of Kilwinning swears fealty to Edward the first :
And

" 4. Robert, Abbot of the said place, is wittness to a Charter of Robert
Earle of Stratheme and John Lord Kyle, concerning some lands belonging
to Reginaldus More in Kyle and Covall ; the same is subdelegat by John
Abbot of Dunfermelyne and Hugo Abbot of Newbottle, 1367, for putting
in execution Pope Clement's bull.

" 5. Willielmus Abbot of Kilwinning is wittness to a Resignation of the
Lands of Thornley made to Pasley by Sir John Wallace of Cragyne, 1449.
The same is subdelegat by John Abbot of Cowper for judgeing the Debats
betwixt Pasley and all other Persons. Pope Urban by his Bull data Viterbij
quarto Idus Maij Anno Primo Pontificatus sui, Intreats the Prior of EjI-
winning to examine exactly what lands had been wrested from Pasley,
under the pretext of Bulls purchasd from Rome.

" 6. Cuidam Ex Hamiltoniorum familia Abbatiam KiUwinninam im-
pertivit Johannes Albaniae Dux, Anno 1516.

"7. Gavinus HamUtonius Kilwinnini Abbas in Gallia 1551. Cum
Regina vidua Gavan Hamilton Abbot of Kilwinnin, a great enimie to the
Congregation, stirr'd up the Duke of Chatebault against Knox and his
followers. He was sent with Argyle, and Ja. Prior of Saint Andrews to
Perth by Queen Regent for ane agreement betuixt her Majesty and that
City the 28 of May 1559. He is appointed by the Queen to treat at Preston,
1559, anent the means fitt to settle a solid peace betwixt her and the
Congregation. He is stil'd by Knox a crafty man, lib. ii. page 149. He
is chosen a Lord of the Articles in the Parliament held 1560. He is said
to have taken in hand with the Earle of Both well to cutt ofi" James Earle of
Murray in the park of Falkland. The Conspiracy being discovered by the
Earle of Arrane, Kilwinning was apprehended and sent prisoner to the
Castle of Stirling, and Both well to the Castle of Edinburgh. In 1564 he is
forced to fly to England with the other Lords, but comeing back shortly

THE MONASTEET OP KILWINNINa 119

after obtained his paxdon and the Duke of Chatebaidts. In 1568 he is one
of the Commissioners att Yorke for Queen Marie, then detained att Carlile.
He is declard guilty of Treason in a Parliament held in the Canongate, near
the Gates of Edinburgh, 1571, by the Earle of Lennox Eegent, And is
forfitted with Secretarie Maitland, and his brothers John and Thomas, the
Tenth of June. He led the foot towards Leith against the Lords with
Huntley and Mr. John Maitland Prior of Coldinghame, but was forced to
fly by Morton's souldiers. He was killd in the fight near the Watergate on
Saturday 28 of June 1571. He was a Gentleman of good worth and
moderat. He was mutch lamented/'

Pont is certainly mistaken in giving the date 1591 for the destruction
of the Monastery. The following extract from a note by Mr. Dobie gives
all that can be said on the point : —

D. "Of the exact date when the Monastery was destroyed there is no
evidence. Knox says that the Lords of Secret Council made an Act that
all places and monuments of idolatry should be demolished ; and for that
purpose was directed to the west the Earl of Arran, having joined with him
the Earls of Argyle and Glencaim, together with the Protestants of the
west, who burnt Paisley (the Bishop of St. Andrews, who was Abbot thereof,
having narrowly escaped), cast down Fail, Kilwinning, and a part of Cross-
raguel (Book iii. vol. i. p. 638). This Act was passed in 1561 {Cold. Hist,
vol. ii. p. 130), and it is probable was forthwith acted upon, though some
of the religious houses in Scotland had been destroyed before this year. No
private record is known to be extant giving any details of the demolition of
Kilwinning. Pont says it was destroyed in 1591. The work might be
finished in that year ; but Knox, who died in 1574,^ could not narrate that
Kilwinning had been ' cast down,' had not the devastation gone a consider-
able length in his own lifetime."

The following notice, taken from the Preface to the Eglinton Memorials j
shows the uses to which one part of the monastic buildings had been
put :* —

E . "In searching for the chartulary several papers were found connected
with the Abbey. One of these refers to a dispute between the Abbot and

* This should be 1572.
' Memorials of the Montgomeries, Earls of Eglinton, vol. i preface, p. ttiii . note.

120 COLLECnOXS TOWAEDS A HISTOEY OF

the tliirJ Earl of Eglinton regarJing the steeple. The following account of
the u.s^'3 to which it had been aj^plied is given in the answers for the Earl to
the summons of tlie Abbot : — * As to the said stepill, it is altogether boyldit
vpoun the bodie of the paroche kyrk of Kilwynning, fer distant from the
fj^ueir and closter, swa that nane may haif pretext or collour to acclame the
samin, onles it wer the parochin ; quhairof I am ane, and vnder the Kyngis
Maiestie hes the reule and commandeament of the remnant : and I and my
predecessouris, not only heritable baUlies of the regality of Kilwinning, hot
alswa of the realtie of Connynghame, hes euer in all tymes bygane, alsweUl in
this commendataris tyme as his predecessouris, quhen abbayis wes in greitter
veneratioun, and mair sancttemony pretendit, had the said stepill for an
ward and prisoun to poneis and keep malefactouris and presowneres quhairin
the commoun bell hynggls, to be rung only at command of me or my deputis
for conuenyng of the parochin and tenandis aithir for the kyngis sendee,
my particular, or as necessitie sail require : and in all tyme of trublis, als-
weill of w^ar aganis forane enemeis, ceveill tumolt, particular feidis, or vther
wayis as my predicessouris and I thocht convenyent : Thai and I had euer
the vse and keiping of the said stepill, mannit and fortefeit the samin, had
our deputis and seruandis remanyng and dwelling thairin at our plesour,
without any contradictioun : Lykeas we haif euir had als weill in this com-
mendaturis tyme as his predecessouris, the said haill abbay and every pairt
thairof patent to ws, the principall hall and vnder places as we plesit, to
hald our courttis, and for executioun of our ofl&ce of bailliery, as occacioun
seruit.' "

§ 2. St. Wynnyn.

The early history of Kilwinning is involved in obscurity. That it was a
place of sanctity long before the foundation of the Benedictine Monastery is
certain. Dempster states that in the 7th century S. Chronanus induced
many to retire to the Monastery of Kilwinning ; but this account has no
authority. Who the patron saint was, and the exact period when he
flourished, are both doubtful points. In the Martyrologium secundum
vsura Ecclesie Aherdonensis, a MS. presented to the Library of the Uni-
versity of Edinburgh, in 1677, by Laurence Charteris, Professor of Divinity,
there is the following notice of the Saint : ^ —

* Proc. Soc. Ant. of ScoU, vol, ii. p. 260.

THE MONASTERY OP KILWINNING. 121

xij. Kl'. Februarij. — In Scotia apud Ealvinnyn Sancti Vinnini episcopi et
confessoris qui adeo vite et morum honestate presentis vite miserabiles
compescunt insolencias vt in cenobio ibidem fabricate multi a variis mor-
borum Beati Vinnini precibus sunt curati languoribus.

• • • •

Adam King, in hia Kallendar, printed at Paris in 1588, under the same
day, the 21st January, has " S. Winnine, bischop in Scotland,'' and adds
the date 715, which however cannot be depended on.^ In the Kalendar of
Scots Saints, appended to Keith's Catalogue of the Scottish Bishops, the
Saint appears as " S. Vimin, bishop in Scotland," on the 21st January, and
the year 715 is also given. This form of the Saint's name appears to be
taken from the Historia Ecclesiastica Oentis Scotorum? of Dempster, where
the following entry occurs : —

S. ViMINUS E.

S. Viminus episcopali honore quam rexerit ee-

: clesiam incertum.

Scripsit

Lecturam in Threnos lib. I.

Meditationes in Psalterium lib. I.
Claruit anno Dcoxv.

Colitur die xxi Januarii templis non uno
regni loco ei erectis.

[Breviar. Scot, et Calendar Adami Eegii.]

The generally received account identifies S. Wynnyn of Cmminghame
with S. Finnan of Moville. In the British Museum Library there is a MS.
life of the Saint (MS. Cott. Tiber. E. 1, fi: 3136-315), which has been
printed in the Nova Legenda Anglie (London, 1516). Another MS. life
(of the 15 th century) is in the Bodleian Library at Oxford. Both these
accounts state that the Saint was buried at Kilwinning. The following is
Capgrave's text, collated, by the courtesy of the Kev. H. 0. Coxe, with the
Bodleian MS. —

1 limes' dv. et Ecdes. Hist of Scot., p. 161 « Hist. Eccles., vol ii. lib. xix. p. 637 (Ban.

(Spalding Gub). Club, 1828).

122 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

" De seruo Dei Finako episcopo et confessore.^

" Keuerentissimus^ pontifex Finanus qui et WaUico nomine Winninns
appellatur : patre capreo matre vero Lassara aradeorum gente et nobili
prosapia de nudia oriundus fuit. Quern beatus patricius hibemiensium
episcopus venerandum insignemque episcopum futurum esse predixit cum
enim cena magna qua parentes eius totam familiam tuam per tres noctes
satis habunde^ procurauerant* vinum^ deficeret de pueri sanctitate secundum
beati patricii vaticinium confidentes tria vasa debili ceruisia plena per
manum eiusdem iufantis signantes in colorem et saporem optimi vini
conuersa sunt. Adueniente post hec colmanno antistite ad erudiendum
docilis puer traditur cum quo in omni obedientia et humilitate aliquot
onnis^ instructus est, factum^ est aliquando dum beatus antistes manum
suam ad sanctum puerum iam legente® quadam de causa percutiendum
cum flagello sursum extenderet angelus domini ipsam in aere suspensam
retinuit. Quo facto Finanus in terra prostratus ait. Pater mi cur me
non cedis 1 Et iUe fili hoc volo facere : sed tamen diuinitus impeditus sum.
Ergo si vis flagellari ad alium magistrum ire te oportet. Ego enim ab hac
hora nunquam te corripiam. Et* misit eum ad venerabilem senem coelanum
noendrumensem abbatem et vt corporis illius ac anime curam haberet dili-
genter commendauit. At iUe faciem iuuenis intuens statim dixit. Iste
mens nunquam erit discipulus vere enim in celo et in terris honore et merito
longe me precellit Nam episcopus erit sapientia clarus et religione ac
sanctitate conspicuus. Hoc audito Finanus prophetico spiritu tactus ait.
Nee mora videbitis hue venire quem sequar et sub quo erudiat qui mihi in
omnibus necessitatibus succurrat. Et ecce naues quibus sanctissimus pon-
tifex nomine Nennio cimi suis inerat^® de Britannia venientes portum insule
coram monasterio tenuerunt Quibus cum gaudio et honore susceptis prefati
patres inuenem Finanum venerabili episcopo cum omni diligentia
commendarunt . Cum eodem repatriantem nauigauit et in eius sede
que magnum vocabatur monasterium regulas et institutiones monastice vite
alquot annis probus monachus didicit atque in sanctarum scripturarum
paginis non parum proficiens insudauit et per inuocationem nomims Christi
multa miracula fecit Quemdam hominem genere grecum pro immanissimis

1 Capgrave's Nova Legenda, foL cxlviL 6. * preparauenmt. * delete. • aiinia

2 ReuerendiseimuB. ^ abunde. "^ Factum. ® legentem. ® et '^^ ineeiat.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 123

Bceleribus suis multis annis vexatum^ quern legio demonum dum per quas-
cunque mundi partes sanitatem querens ibat infeliciter sequebatur ab omni
corporis et anime languore sua prece liberauit, Eegis Britannie filiam ipsam
camali amore nimis diligentem et quadam die ad illicitum actum impudenter
alicientem et iusto Dei iuditio coram patre et populo post peruum^ interuallum
ob boc defunctam parentum et astantium gemitibus compassus ad vitam
castam et sanctam reuocauit. Vas aque cuiusdam hominis^ inuidia veneno
infectum confidens in domino bibit et nullum omnino nocumentum postea
inde sensit In monachorum itaque regulis et in sancte scripture paginis
non mediocriter instructus apostolicam petere sedem decreuit vt quicquid
scientie salutaris forte minus haberet illic ad plenum haurire posset. Ibi
enim annis septem studiosus indagator permanens ad sacerdocii gradum as-
cendit. Cum enim populo romano in ecclesia quadam verbum domini pre-
dicaret quorundam clericorum inuidia ne a populo vox illius audiretur organa
et tubas ceteraque musice modulationis instrumenta simul sonare fecit. Hec
tamen* omnia altitudine mirabili virtute* diuina vox sua superans^ commendan-
tur et Deus in sancto suo glorificatur. Duos post hec numerose^ multitudinis
populos ydola colentes predicatione simul et miraculis ad fidem Christi iuxta
italiam® conuertit et quorumdam pedes ipsorum in eum irruentium terre
herere fecit. Cumque rex eorum lignum ad crucifigendum virum dei terre
infigi iussisset eidem Hgno altera eius manus adhesit, altera suo lateri iuncta
fuit. Omnes tamen penitentes et ad fidem conuersos illico soluit. Duo
insuper leones de silua proxima viro sancto precedente venientes ipsumque
catulos eorum in sinu portantem quasi vacce vitulos coram omni populo
sequebantur per ciuitatem. Si enim hoc faceret Deo suo se credituros spos-
ponderunt* Insuper et virum quemdam ab eis occisimi vite restituit. Hiis
itaque peractis ; famulus Dei cum sanctorum reliquijs altarique marmoreo ac
tribus rotundis lapidibus angelorum ministerio sibi traditis quibus vite sue
spacio legendo, scribendo et orando vice lucemarum noctumis fimgebatur
horis repatriare festinauit. Accepto post hec presulatus officio quantis in
hibemia miraculis effulserit hominum vere nemo^® nouit. In ecclesia que cella
montis vocatur quandam monialem a morte suscitauit ministrum cuiusdam
episcopi submersum ad vitam reuocauit et episcopum nomine nathum a mor-
tuis reuocauit qui salutari viatico de manu Finam^^ suscepto : in pace quieuit.

^ yexatim. ^ parum. ^ hominis cuiusdam. ^ innuxnerose. ^ ytaliam.

* cum. * delete. ^ supenia. ® spoponderunt ^® delete. ^^ finiam.

124 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

Filium cuiusdam vidue triduo defunctum et resuscitatum baptizauit. Ini-
quitatis filium qui discipulum eius hasta vulnerauit excommunicans^ dixit.
Camem tuam volucres celi comedent et ossa vndique dispersa terra non sus
cipiet animaque infelix ad infema sine fine descendet. Modico post hec
elapso tempore ilium Dei inimicum ventus ab austro flans in profandam
vallem mari proximam detrusit vbi lignea^ sude transfossus pendens interijt.
Filium dameni regis senium Dei dum corpus domini consecraret nimis ine-
quitantem^ ac ne sanctum opus fieret irreuerenter prohibentem : per eius
orationem ad dominum extensis manibus profusam* malleus ingens de celo
in caput eius iam descendens prout meruit interemit. Duas quoque matronas
nobiles et steriles concipere et parere sua prece effecit. Eegepi diarmesium^
pro quodam amico suo supplicaturus® accessit. Cumque rex ostia opidi obse-
rari iussisset : illico diuinitus aperta sunt. Quo audito rex ascensu^ curru ho-
minem Dei deuitare® nolens® confracto curru cecidit et cecitate percussus virum
sanctum ad se adduci iussit. Quod ille renuens^® dixit. Si meis acquieuerit peti-
tionibus a Deo quod vult impetrabit. Tunc nuncius regi agit." Vere rex nego-
cium pro quo me miseras in tuo iuditio ponit. Illo acquiescente^^ vir Dei aquam
benedictam qua aspergeretur et zonam suam qua cingeretur ad eum iussit
deferri. Qui aqua conspersus et cingulo cinctus ; ad pristinam rediit sani-
tatem. Tuatalus quoque dicti regis predecessor butiri elemosinam quam
studiosus divinarum scripturarum tam noctibus quam diebus lector ad opus
lucemarum ab eo petierat negauit. Tunc Finanus futurorum prescius aliquod
propheticum matema lingua de eo verbum protuHt quod ilium non longo
post tempore precinebat esse moriturum. Quo ille audito penitentia ductus
flexis genibus veniam petiit et ait. Domine indica mihi qua morte moriar.
Et ille Unus inquit de ministris tuis interficiet te. Vir autem ille in oculis
suis sapiens atque superba inflatione nimis tu mens ausus est yronice famu-
lum Dei adhuc interrogare dicens. Quantum spacium est inter nos et Dei reg-
num. Et ille. Non inquit nimis longum.^* Habitatores enim ilHus : vocem
viri humilis audiunt.^* Quo audito adhuc in sua persistens superbia ait. Ubi
est infemus : in celo vel in terra vel sub terra aut^* quante latitudinis et pro-
fonditatis est longum ve est spacium inter nos et ilium. Cui doctor egre-
gius aliquantulum Dei zelo commotus respondit. Infemum ego non men-

^^ adequiescenti.

1 inimicatas.

2 ligne.

8 iniquitatem.

'^^ rennuens. ^^ ait.

^ perf uBam.

^ diamenium.

6 supplicatoa

18 tam inquit longam.

^ ascenBO.

^ enitare.

* volens.

1* audiens.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 125

suraui tu vero pedibuB tuis mensurabis. Via autem que ducit ad ilium quam
sit longa et breuis ex hoc perpenditur quod prius quam huius diei aduenerit
finis tu in eo eris. Que prophetia repentina morte ipsius ante vesperam
est completa.

Hec pauca de maximis^ magni huius sanctissimique^ pontificis virtutibus
ad edificationem legentium deflorare decreui : qui post obseruationem man-
datorum Dei omnipotentis^ post angelorum presentiam ad se consolandum
sibique consulendum crebro venientium aliasque diuinas reuelationes quam
plurimas infirmitate correptus totius anni circulo in doloris decubuit lecto.
Imminente vero dissolutionis eius hora sacramenta dominica corporis et san-
guinis Christi sumpsit et spiritum in manus creatoris sui emisit quarto
idus Septembris. Sepultum est autem corpus eius Scotia apud Cunigham
in loco qui ab eis* Wallico nomine Ealwinin appellatur.

The following note by Dr. Keeves was communicated to the late Bishop
Forbes : * —

" Who this Finan was in the history of the Irish Church we are able to
ascertain through the names of his parents, as given by Capgrave. Cairpre,
which answers to Capgrave's Carpreus, appears in the Irish hagiogeneses as
the father of Finnan of Moville; while Lasair, the same as Capgrave's Lassara,
is stated by -ffingus to have been mother to Finnan of Moville. Thus we
identify the Ayrshire saint with the founder of Moville in the Ards of the
county of Down/ who was also the patron saint of the Dal Fiatachs, or royal
house of Uladh. He was also founder of Druimfionn, now Dromin, in the
county of Louth, in which monastery S. Columba is said to have been his
pupil. He died in the year 579, according to Tighemach and the Annals of
Ulster. And it is curious that S, Frigidian^s death, in external authorities,
is placed at 578. There is good reason for believing that he was identical
with S. Frigidianus, whom the Italians commemorate as patron saint of
Lucca. Two lives of him, which Colgan has published, drawn from conti-
nental authorities — one from his office as used at Lucca, the other from a
MS. in the Chartreuse of Cologne — agree with our domestic records as to
his extraction, his education, and his church of Maghbile. Frigidianus has

^ delete. ^ delete. ^ delete. 4 a eitus.

^ Forbes' Kalendar of Scottish Savnts, p. 465. ^ See Beeves' Eeel.A7Uiq. of Doum, etc'p. 151.

126 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

the distinction of being mentioned with respect by S. Gregory, who was his
contemporary." ^

By the kind permission of Mr. W. F. Skene I am enabled to give the
following note as to S. Wynnyn, showing a different origin from the one
suggested by Dr. Beeves in the note above : ^ —

"There is a difficulty in identifying S. Wynnyn with S. Finnan of
Moville owing to their days being different. The Ayrshire Saint was
celebrated on the 21st of January (o.s.), whilst the Irish S. Finnan (of
Moville) died on the 10th of September. In point of fact our calendar is
derived from two sources — ^the Irish and the Welsh. Vynnyn is a Welsh
form, and he is also patron saint of Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire, where his
day is the 21st of January. Lumphanan is simply the Welsh Llanffinan.
Near it is Midmar, dedicated to S. Nidan, a Welsh saint, and between is
Glengairden, dedicated to S. Mungo. It is a Welsh group. In Anglesea
we have two adjacent churches, Llannidan and Llanffinan. I have there-
fore little doubt S. Wynnyn came from the Welsh Calendar. But they
know nothing of S. Finnan of Moyville. On the other hand, S. Finnan of
Clonard was educated by S. David, and is said to have founded three
churches in Wales. His day in the Irish Calendar is, I think, 23d February,
and I think he must have been the Welsh Ffinnan."

The following is the Office for S. Wynnyn : ^ —

Januariiis.

Sancti Wynnini presulis tui et confessoris incliti solennia agentes te
domine suppKciter deprecamur ut dum tui nominis in honore ipsius gesta
recolimus et eodem pro nobis benigne intercedente patrocinia senciamus
etema. Per dominum nostrum Jesum.

Ad matuti ix. lec.Jiant Lc. 1.

Wynninus Scotica prouincia ortus ex illius illustri regum stirpe et nobili
educatus familia et nutritus suorum parentum cura non parua et solicitudine
alitus et ingenuis eruditus disciplinis binisque in eodem reuolutis lustris :

* Dial,, lib. iii c. 9. See Colgan, Ada SS. ' Letter from W. F. Skene, Esq., to R W.

pp. 634-642. Cochran-Patrick, 26tli April 1878.

' Breviwrium Aherdonerue, Pars Hyemalis, foL zxzviiL

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 127

mundanis abiectis rebus diuino se mancipauit ofl&cio et eidem deuote
deseruire studuit et sic in perfectam etatem indesinenter perseuerauit.
Atque exteras sepius postulabat regiones et solitariam a parentum cura
ducere vitam. Tu autem domine miserere nostri.

Lcto a.

Onerosum certe fuit suorum parentum et amicorum iugis frequencia et

vicinorum visitacio assidua ob id quod suam in deum contemplacionem con-

tinuam variis impediebant curis ea cupiens studiose deuitare ab eorum

aspectibus longius abesse oportunum elegit paratis nonnullis clam classibus

et que nauigandi vsui erant per emptis necessariis atque comilitonibus electis

quibusdam sue professioni congruis prospero vento et felici in Scociam

minorem delatus est et ad locum que Cunnighame dicitur premitus terram

cum suis applicuit.

Lectio tertia.

Qui mox terram iUam ingressus : non habentes vnde viuerent piscaudi
gracia ad fluuium vocabulo Gamok applicuit cumque itinere fatigatus
paululum super illius ripas consedisset cuidam puero imperauit vt hamum
in eodem fluuio emitteret vt inde pisciculos aliquos prenderet. Qui iussu
beati Wynini vicibus iteratis in eodem immittens nichil prendidit Contri-
statusque beatus Wyninus fluuium maledixit. Ita inquiens in te nullatenus
per secula piscis capietur. Quiquidem fluuius paululum desiliens proprium
reliquit alueum : et in aliam partem cursum suum contra naturam derigere
fecit vsque in hodiemum diem.

Lectio an.

Discedens itaque vir Dei de eodem loco ad alium se transtulit locum qui

nunc sacrum nemus a vulgo appellatur vbi cum discipulis suis viris vite

approbatissimis permanendi locum eligerunt non habentes aquam ibidem

vnde biberent: celitus emissa oracione fons lucidissimus ebuliuit ex quo

bibentes varii ex infirmitatibus vsque in presens sanati sunt. Eaque nocte

apparuit beato Wynnino angelus domini dicens Wynnine viriliter age et con-

fortetur cor tuum in domino hunc enim locum ad incolendum preparauit deus

ipse altissimus. Tu autem.

Lectio V.

Quibus dictis angelica disparuit visio beatus vero Wyninus tali confor-
tatus oraculo Deo vero et omnipotenti gracias humiliter exhibuit ibique

128 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

mansionem suam cum ceteris suis discipulis construxerunt. In quo varios
sua predicacione ad Christi fidem persuaserunt. Tandem in bona senectute
et sancta ab illius patrie clericis et populo in epyscopum consecratur sufful-
tusque quam plurimis miraculis obdormiuit in domino et apud Kilwynne
honorifice traditur sepulture vbi nunc monachorum viget claritas et illorum
virorum sanctitas perpetua. Tu.

Lectio sexta.

Quidam dehinc in villa beati Vynnini qui graui laborabat infirmitate
imminere et incurabili morbo a Deo ut eius vita omnino desperetur perdu-
centes autem ilium parentes eius ad basilicam beati Wynnini vt inde sana-
retur. Qui Deo et beato Wynnino pieces cum lacrimis fundebant humilimas :
extabat autem ante basUicam crux lapidea miro artificio constructa quam
sanctus ipse Wynninus in vita sua propriis manibus in honore beate Brigide
virginis erexerat ad quam iuuenem lauguidum affligebant et nomen sancti
viri sepius inuocabant orantes igitur paululum sacerdotum consilio basilicam
ingrediuntur languido coram eo deposito et paulisper requie data statim
resipiscebat domum que denuo ferentes prestine sanitati restitutus est.

§ 3. Date of the Foukdation.

It is remarkable that the exact date of the foundation of the Monas-
tery of Kilwinning is not given in any of the published chronicles.

Chalmers^ says that it was founded in 1140, by Hugh Morville, Constable
of Scotland, and cites the Chronicle of Melrose as his authority. But that
chronicle, while it notes the death of the Constable in 1162, and his founda-
tion of Dryburgh,^ never mentions Kilwinning. Spottiswoode gives the
same date.^ Crawfurd, in his History of Renfrewshire^ places the foundation
in the reign of Malcolm IV., and therefore between 1153 and 1165.*
Another account says that the founder was the son of the founder of
Dryburgh, and that the date of foundation was 1157.*

The transcript of Pont, in the Advocates' Library at Edinburgh (which,
however, is very incorrect), gives 1191 as the date of the foundation, and

1 Caledonia, voL iii p. 484. * Copy extract from register at London, No.

* Chron, de MaUros, p. 78. 279, at Eglinton. Every effort to find the ori-
8 Keith, p. 407 (ed. 1824). ginal of this in London has failed,

* P. 121 (ed, 1818).

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 129

Richard de Morville as l^e founder ; but if he was the founder the date is
wrong, as he certainly died in 1189.^

Dempster states that it was founded by Hugh de Morville " nepoa illius
qui S. Thomam Cantuarensem interfecit;" but does not give any date.^

In a List of Monasteries in Scotland, appended to some of the MSS. of
the Liber Pluscardensis, the following entry occurs ; —

" Kylwynnyn in Connyngham Tironensis. Fundator Morvile."^

In the absence of the original chartulary it is useless to speculate as to
who the real founder was, and when the foundation actually took place.

§ 4. Seals belonging to Kilwinning Abbey.
The following Seals of the Monastery of Kilwinning have been pre-

No. 1.
The Conamon Seal of the Abbot and Convent of the Monastery of
Kilwinning —

Regarding this seal, Mr. Laing, in his work on Scottish Seals, has the fol-
lowing observations : —

" This is a round seal, of an exceeding rich and beautiful design, repre-
senting within a Gothic niche the Virgin with the infant Jesus ; the
background ornamented with foliage."^

' Ckron. de Mailro», p. 98. ' Laing"!! Scotliih Seoit Ban. Clnh (1860),

' Apparaim ad Hitloriam Scot. (1622), p. 69. p. 191, No. 1063.
» Liber Phueardmtu (1876), p. 403.

COLLECTIONS T0WAED3 A HISTOEY OP
No. 2.

Comter Seal of the last—

" Withm a Gothic niche a iignie of a monk (St. Wiimin) with a crozier in
his right hand, and a book in his left. , ■, . e .i.-

•• The fonn of the letters, as weU as the execution of the design of this
counter seal, evidently prores it the work of a later period than tie previous
number, which is probably as early as tie fourteenth century, when the art
was in the highest state of perfection. Most likely the origmal matrix of
the counter seal had been lost, and this one substituted by an artist of
interior skill a short time previous to the date [1557] of the instrument t»
which it is appended.'"

No. 3.

Seal of an Abbot of Kilwinning ' —

1 lAing's SwMmA SmU, p. 191, No. 1064.
. Tki. »«n.™e l- b.o> do., from th. .rigi..! ~» >« «"> ^^' K"""" °^

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING.

131

"Much defaced half-length figure of the Virgin and infant Jesus within
a Gothic niche; in the lower niche is a figure of a monk kneeling at
prayer/'^

Another Seal of this Monastery is recorded, but every eflfort to meet with
an original of it has been unsuccessful hitherto.

On the 12th April 1852 W. H. Scott, Esq., exhibited, at a Meeting of
the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, a seal of Kilwinning Abbey, which
precisely corresponded with the seal No. 1 on the obverse, and bore a reverse
of the same type as No. 2, but superior in style and execution, with the
legend S • COMMVNE • ABBIS ET CONVENTVS MONASTERII • DE •
KYLWYNYN, in lettering of the same period as No. 1.^

Unfortunately no drawing or impression of it was taken ; and though
the seal is alluded to by General Hutton in his MS. Collections, no drawing
of it is given there.

§ 5. Charters and other Documents relating to the History of the

Abbey of Kilwinning.

1. De . iij. petris Cere de monachis de Kilwinin annuatim glasguend

episcopo debitis. — [1202-1207.]'

Omnibus Sancte matris ecclesie filiis . N* . abbas de kilwinin et conuen-
tus eiusdem loci Salutem in domino . Sciatis nos concessisse dedisse et hac
carta nostra confirmasse domino nostro florencio* Glasguense Electo . et
successoribus suis tres petras cere annuatim eis reddendas infra octauas
sancti Jacobi apostolici apud Rochesburc . propter deuocionem quam habe-
mus erga ipsum et ecclesiam Glasguensem . Hiis testibus . H. * decano Glas-
guensi . Domino Roberto arch. Glasguensi^ . Domino . J . de Huntedon
officiali* . Magistro Roberto . de Hedun . Willelmo decano de Cunigham* .

1 Laing, p. 191, No. 1065.

' Proc, Soc Ant, of Scot, vol. i p. 70.

* Eegidrum EpucopcUus GlasguenM (Mait
anb, 1843), vol. i p. 84, No. 98.

* Nigel was Abbot of Bjlwinning about 1201-
1212.

* Florentius, a son of the Earl of Holland,
was elected Bishop of Glasgow in 1202, and re-
signed in 1207. — Chron, deMcdhos, pp. 105, 106.

• Herbert, Dean of Glasgow, appears fre-
quently at this time as a witnesa — Begitt, Gku,,
pp. 42, 81, 83, 84.

^ Robert, Archdeacon of Glasgow, died in
1222. — Ghron. de Mailros, p. 140.

^ John of Huntingdon witnesses several deeds
in the Regist. OUu., pp. 72, 76, 83, 84

^ William, Dean of Cuninghame, died in
1211. — Chron, de Mailtos, p. 110.

132 COLLECTIONS TOWAEDS A HISTORY OF

Alexandre . Idello capellanis . Dauid persona ecclesie ville Stephani . Michaele
clerico . Decani . et pluribus aliis.

Abstract.

Grant by the abbot and convent of Kilwinning, to Florence, their lord,
elect of Glasgow, and his successors, of three stones of wax annually to be
paid to them in the octaves of St. James the Apostle, at Roxburgh ; and
this on account of the devotion which they bore towards the church of
Glasgow.

2. Super portione abbati et conventui de Kylwynnyne et nobis in parochia

de Lawder concessa. — [_Circa 1222.]^

Omnibus has literas, etc. Alanus filius RoUandi Scotie constabularij
salutem. Noveritis nos concessisse dedisse et hac presenti carta nostra
confirmasse abbatibus et conventibus de Kilwynnyn et de Driburgh totam
illam portionem quam magister Andreas de Moravia tenuit in parrochia
ecclesie de Lauder scilicet decimas de Treburne de Pilmor de terra Valteri
Hostiarij de terra Martini scilicet Withlaw et de Langelt et de terra Hut-
redi de Langelt et Hailisepeth et de terra Samsonis scilicet Todlaw et de
Aldenistoun et de Welpelaw et de Lyolstoun et de Bumcastall et si quid de
novo infra fines istarum villarum emergat libere quiete et plenarie et
honorifice a nobis et heredibus nostris pro bono pacis perpetuo possidendam.
Volumus autem ut ille qui pro tempore in ecclesia dicta persona fuerit
nuUam eis super eadem portione inferat molestiam vel gravamen. Et ut
hec nostra donatio et concessio robur optineat firmitatis eam presenti scripto
et sigilli nostri munimine roboramus. Testibus, etc.

[The names of the witnesses are not given.]

Abstract.

Charter by Alan,^ son of Roland, Constable of Scotland, giving, granting,
and confirming, to the Abbots and Convents of Kilwinning and Dryburgh,

1 Liber S. Marie de Dryburgh (Ban. Club, Lord of Galloway, and Eva or Ela de MoreviUe,
1847V p. 62, No. 85. daughter of Richard de Moreville, and grand-

2 Alan, Constable of Scotland, Lord of Gallo- daughter of Hugh de Moreville. Alan died in
way and Cunninghame, was the son of Roland, 1234. — Chron, ck Mailros, p. 144.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 133

all that portion which Master Andrew of Murray^ held in the parish of the
church of Lauder : To wit the teinds of Trebume, of Pilmor, of the land of
Walter Hostiarius, of the land of Martin (to wit Withlaw), and of Langelt,
and of the land of Hutred of Langelt, and Hailisepath, and of the land of
Samson (to wit Todlaw), and of Aldenistoun, and of Welpelaw, and of
Lyolstoun, and of Bumcastall, with their pertinents, to be possessed, freely
and quietly, from him and his heirs for the perpetual good of peace ; declar-
ing also that he who shall be for the time parson of the said church shall
suflFer no trouble or grievance from those upon the same portion ; and
that this his grant may be sure, it is strengthened by the present writing
and his seal.

3. Sentencia judicum super portione quam abbas et conventus de Kylwyn-
nyne recipiunt in perrochia de Lawder et conventio inter dictos
abbatem et conventum et nos super decimis in perrochia predicta
existentibtcs. — [Circa 1222.]

Omnibus Christi fidelibus etc. Laurentius archidiaconus sancti Andree
Ricardus de May et [ ] de Dunfermlyne priores salutem in Domino.

Mandatum domini Pape in hec verba suscepimus. Honorius episcopus
servus servorum Dei dilectis filijs archidiacono Sancti Andree et de May et
de Dunfermlyne prioribus sancti Andree diocesis salutem et apostolicam
benedictionem. Querelam dilectorum filiorum abbatis et conventus de Dri-
burgh Premonstratensis ordinis recepimus continentem quod abbas et con-
ventus de Kilwenyne et quidam alij Glasguensis et sancti Andree diocesis
super ecclesia de Lauder ad eos de jure spectante ac rebus alijs injuriantur
eisdem. ideoque discretioni vestre per apostolica scripta mandamus quatenus
partibus convocatis audiatis causam et appellatione remota fine debito ter-
minetis facientes quod decreveritis per censuram ecclesiasticam firmiter
observari. Testes autem qui fuerint nominati si se gracia odio vel timore
subtraxerint per censuram eandem cessante appellatione cogatis veritati
testimonium perhibere. quod si non omnes hijs exequendis potueritis in-
teresse duo vestrum ea nichilominus exequantur. Datum Lateran vij idus
Julij pontificatus nostri anno quinto. Hujus igitur auctoritate mandati

1 Andrew de Burr became Bishop of Moray 138, 156; Keith's Scottish Bishops (Ed. 1824),
in 1222, and died 1242. — Chron, de Mailros, pp. p. 138.

2 Liber S, Marie de Dryhurgh, p. 61, No. 84.

134 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

partibus convocatis et in presencia nostra constitutis cum diu coram nobis
causa inter abbatem et conventum de Driburgh ex parte una et abbatem et
conventum de Kilwynnyne ex altera super ecclesia de Lauder esset ventilata
tandem dicte partes amicorum communium et prudentium virorum consilio
Deo volente sub hac forma amicabiliter composuerunt. scilicet quod pre-
fate partes de consensu et assensu domini Alani filij Rollandi Scotie con-
stabularij libere debent percipere et quiete cum omni juris sui integritate
perpetuo possidendam et mediante bonorum virorum consideratione dimi-
diare in omnibus illam portionem quam magister Andreas de Moravia in
eadem ecclesia tenuit tempore litis mote inter partes scilicet omnes decimas
de Treburne de Pibnour de terra Valteri Hostiarij de terra Martini scilicet
Withlaw et de Langelt et de terra Huttredi de Langelt et de terra Ailinus-
peth et de terra Samsonis scilicet Todlaw et de Aldenistoun et de Welpelaw
et de Ilistoun et de Bumecastell et si quid de novo infra istarum Villarum
fines emergat salvis ecclesie de Lauder obventionibus tantum. Ad hujus
autem rei stabilitatem et pacem inter predictas partes perpetuam utraque
pars in verbo Domini fide media auctoritate nostra interveniente fideliter
se dictam amicabilem composicionem servaturam et nullo tempore contra-
venturam promisit nostrorum insuper signorum testimonia ad majorem
fidei cautelam signis partium simul appositis duximus apponenda. Acta
sunt hec anno gracie millesimo ducentesimo vigesimo secundo apud Ervyne.
Hujus compositionis testes sunt dominus Thomas comes Atholie.^ dominus
Fergutianus de Glenkarn. dominus Rogerus de Craufurd et alij.

Abstract,

Decree pronounced by Laurence,^ Archdeacon of St. Andrews, Richard,
Prior of May,^ and the Prior of Dunfermline, judges appointed under the
mandate of Pope Honorius III., in the complaint by the Abbot and Convent
of Dryburgh against the Abbot and Convent of Kilwinning, in regard to
their respective rights in the church and parish of Lauder, to the effect that
they ought to divide the teinds of Treburne, of Pilmour, of the lands of
Walter Hostiarius, of the land of Martin (to wit Withlaw), Langelt, and the

1 Thomas, fifth Earl of Athol, and brother of ^ Laurence became Archdeacon of St. Andrews

Alan of Galloway, died in 1231. — Chron, de in 1209. — Chrori. de Mdilros, ^, 108.
Mailrosy p. 142; Douglas' Peerage (1813), voL ^Records of the Priory of the Isle of May

i. p. 132. (Edin. 1848).— Preface, p. Ixij.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 135

land of Huttred of Langelt, Ailinuspeth, Samson's land (to wit Todlaw), and of
Aldenistonn, and of Welpelaw, Ilistoun, and Bumecastell, being the portion
which belonged to Master Andrew of Moray in the said church at the time
the dispute arose ; to which the parties, by the advice of friends, and with
consent of Alan, son of Roland the Constable of Scotland, solemnly agreed
upon their oath.

Done at Irvine in the year 1222.

4. CoTifirmatio episcopi super conventione inter nos et Kilwynnyn super

ecchsia de Lawder. — [^Circa 1222.] ^

Willelmus Dei gracia episcopus sancti Andree omnibus Christi etc.
eternam in Domino salutem. Ad universitatis vestre noticiam volumus
pervenire nos amicabilem compositionem inter dilectos filios abbates et
conventus de Driburgh et de Kylwynnyn et dominum Alanum filium
Rollandi constabularij Scotie coram viris venerabilibus archidiacono sancti
Andree et de May et de Dunfermlyn prioribus judicibus a domino Papa
delegatis sicut canonice facta est super jure advocationis [ecclesie] de
Lauder et de decimis quibusdam ad eandem ecclesiam pertinentibus ratam
habuisse et eandem prout in attentico predictorum judicum delegatorum
continetur quo ad nos spectat auctoritate pontificali confirmasse. Ad cujus
rei majorem securitatem presenti scripto sigillum nostrum duximus appo-
nendum. Testibus etc. [Names not given.]

Abstract.

Confirmation by William,^ Bishop of St. Andrews, of the agreement
entered into between the Abbeys of Dryburgh and Kilwinning and Alan
son of Roland, Constable of Scotland, in regard to the right of patronage of
the Church of Lauder, and t^inds of the same.

5. Confirmatio capituli Sancti Andrew super eadem. — J[Circa 1222.]*
Omnibus Christi etc. Symon * Dei gracia prior ecclesie sancti Andree

^ Liher S, Marie de Dryburgh, p. 63, No. 86. in 1238. — Chron. de MaUros, p. ]43 ; GruVs
« William Malvoisine became Bishop of St Eccles, Hid., voL L p. 316.
AndrewB in 1202, and continued till his death 8 x^^ s. Marie de Dryburgh, p. 63, No. 87.

* Simon, Prior of St. Andrews, resigned in 1225. — Gordon's Monasticon, p. 76.

136 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

apostoli in Scotia et ejusdem loci conventus hmnilis etemam in Domino
salutem. Ad universitatis vestre noticiam volumus pervenire nos arnica-
bilem compositionem inter carissimos fratres et amicos nostros abbates et
conventus de Driburgli et de Kilewynnyn et nobilem virum dominum
Alanum filium Rollandi constabularij Scotie coram viris venerabilibus
archidiacono sancti Andree et de May et de Dunfennlyn prioribus judicibus
a domino Papa delegatis sicut canonice facta est super jure patronatus
ecclesie de Lawder et decimis quibusdam ad eandem ecclesiam pertinentibus
ratam habuisse et eandem prout in attentico predictorum judicum dele-
gatorum continetur quo ad nos spectat confirmasse et ad majorem hujus rei
securitatem presenti scripto sigillum nostrum duximus apponendum. Teste
toto nostro capitulo.

ABSTJaACT.

Confirmation by Simon, prior of St. Andrews, of the agreement between
the Abbeys of Dryburgh and Kilwinning, in regard to the patronage and
teinds of the Church of Lauder.

6. Super compositione inter nos et Eilwynnyn de ecclesia de Lawder.

\2ith March 1229.]'

Gregorius episcopus servus servorum Dei dilectis filijs abbati et conven-
tui de Driburgh Premonstratensis ordinis salutem et apostolicam benedic-
tionem. Ea que judicio et concordia terminantur firma sunt [debent'] et
illibata persistere et ne residire contemptionis [contentionis] scrupulum
relabantur apostolico convenit presidio communiri. Exhibita nobis vestra
petitio continebat quod cum inter vos ex una parte et abbatem et monachos
de Edlwynyn Glasguensis diocesis ex altera coram archidiacono sancti
Andree et suis conjudicibus super jure patronatus ecclesie de Lauder qui-
busdam decimis et obvencionibus auctoritate apostolica questio verteretur
tandem mediantibus judicibus ipsis inter partes compositio intervenit quam
apostolico petivistis munimine roborari. Nos igitur vestris justis precibus
inclinati compositionem ipsam sicut rite ac sine pravitate provide facta est
et ab utraque parte sponte suscepta et hactenus pacifice observata necnon in
Uteris exinde confectis plenius dicitur contineri auctoritate apostolica con-
firmamus et presentis scripti patrocinio communimus. Nulli ergo hominum

^ Idber S. Marie de Dryburgh, p. 213, No. 266.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 137

liceat hanc paginam nostre confirmationis infringere aut ei ausu temerario
contraire. si quis autem hoc attemptare presumpserit indignationein omni-
potentis Dei et beatorum Petri et Pauli apostolorum ejus se noverit incur-
surum.

Datum Perusij nono kalendas Aprilis pontificatus nostri anno tertio.

Abstract.

Confirmation by Pope Gregory the Ninth of the Decreet and Agreement
in regard to the respective rights of the Abbeys of Dryburgh and Kilwin-
ning, to the patronage and teinds of the Church and Parish of Lauder.

Given at Perugia, 24th March 1229.

7. De ecclesiis de Ardrossan et de Dalri. — [1226.]^

Anno gracie m? cc? xx? sexto . Cum controuersia mota fuisset super
pluribus articulis Inter Dominum Walterum episcopum Glasguensem ex
parte vna et Johannem abbatem et conuentum de Kilwinin ex altera . tan-
dem communium amicorum consilio sub hac forma quieuit . Concessit dictus
episcopus caritatis Intuitu dictis abbati et conuentui sexdecim solidos nomine
pensionis . de ecclesia de ardrossan percipiendos per manum ministrantis In
eadem . Dicti uero monachi remiserunt onmino causam quam mouerant
super ecclesia de dalri petendo eam In capellam. renunciantes impetratis et
Inpetrandis in perpetuum . Adeo quod de cetero nee episcopum . nee cleri-
cum . dictam ecclesiam tenentem fatigabunt super ea que matrix ecclesia
perpetuo remanebit . Monachi uero prefati presentabunt episcopo capellanos
ydoneos ad ecclesias suas in usus proprios sibi concessas . cum uacauerint .
ad canonicam et sufficientem sustentationem indeterminate . Ita scilicet
quod si ex post facto apparuerit ex incerta et indeterminata. sustentatione
defectus : si predicti monachi ab episcopo ammoniti defectum non emen-
dauerint : dictus episcopus de ipsis ecclesiis defectum rationabiliter supple-
bit . Capellanos uero eorum ydoneos sibi presentatos sine contradictione
rationabili : dilatione postposita recipiet . vicarii quidem eorum aliquas
contra ipsos querimonias deponentes quas probare. non possint ; canonice
punientur . Et si qui uicariorum qui episcopo fuerint presentati processu
temporis reperti fuerint minus ydonei seu debitam facere contempserint

1 Begistrum Episcopaiua Glasgiienm, vol. L p. 118, No. 140,

138 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

residentiam : per episcopum Legittime ammoueantur . Hoc idem autem In
uicariis prius ordinatis obseruabitur . Concessit insuper ut si uicarii eorundem
monachorum infra xl* dies post terminum suum sibi debitam non soluerint
pensionem ex tunc per ipsum uel officiales suos et decanos auctoritate sua
ab officio et beneficio usque ad solucionem. uel satisfactionem condignam
suspendantur . Cedentibus autem uel decedentibus uicariis predictarum
ecclesiarum custodia ecclesiarum remanebit . In manu episcopi usque ad ordi-
nacionem vicariorum . [ita] tamen quod occasione illius custodie non mon-
achis depereat In hiis que de Jure percipere debebunt . Sentenciam autem
excommunicationis uel interdicti quam episcopus in parochia sua rationa-
biliter tulit ; ipsi in parochialibus ecclesiis suLs obseruabunt Saluis priuilegiis
et autenticis scriptis utriusque partis et diocesani canonica Justicia . Presens
autem compositio sigillis partium ad maiorem securitatem et ut debitam
optineat firmitatem confirmatur .Hiis Testibus domino Hugone^ abbate de
driburg . domino Ricardo de alnecram officiali . domino J. decano de ualle
clud • domino E. de prebenda . Magistro H. de pottoun . domino P. de
Perthec . Magistris H- et A. Capellanis domini episcopi . domino Valen-
tino Canonico de Lanarc . Magistro Radulfo de Brade . Magistris jngel-
ramo . Roberto . Waltero • Andrea . clericis domini episcopi . Alexandro
de Herssille . Roberto de hirewine et multis aliis.

Abstract.

Agreement between Walter, Bisliop of Glasgow, on the one part, and
John, Abbot of Kilwinning, and the convent thereof, on the other, whereby,
on the advice of common friends, the bishop granted to the abbot and con-
vent sixteen shillings in name of pension, payable from the church of
Ardrossan, by the hand of the minister thereof; and the said abbot
and convent abandoned the plea which they had instituted regarding the
church of Dairy, seeking it as a chapel ; and they renounced all that had
been, or might be, obtained in that matter; so that henceforth they should not
trouble the bishop, nor the clerk holding the said church, in regard to that
which shall for ever remain a mother church. The foresaid monks also
shall present to the bishop qualified chaplains for the churches granted to
them, when they shall happen to be vacant, Avith a lawful and sufficient

^ Hugh was Abbot 1221-1228, — Gordon's Monaaticon, vol. i. p. 335.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 139

sustentation, indeterminately. If, however, it should afterwards be found
that any inconvenience arose from the uncertain and indeterminate susten-
tation, and if the said monks, after being admonished by the bishop, failed
to remedy the defect, the bishop shall supply what is needed from the
churches themselves : Further, he shall not delay to receive those qualified
chaplains presented to him without reasonable contradiction : Those of
their vicars who shall make complaints against them which they cannot
prove, shall be lawfully punished ; and if any vicars presented to the bishop
shall afterwards be found disqualified, or despise due residence, they may
be lawfully proceeded against by the bishop ; and the same rule shall be
observed in reference to those vicars previously ordained : It is also granted
that if the vicars of the said monks shall not pay the pension due to them
within forty days after the term, they shall be suspended by the bishop, or
his officials and deans, by his authority, until satisfaction be made. When
vicars resign or decease, the custody of the foresaid churches shall remain
in the hands of the bishop, without loss to the monks of what is due to them
in the said churches. Moreover, sentence of excommunication or interdict,
pronounced by the bishop on reasonable grounds, shall be observed in their
respective parishes ; saving the privileges and authentic writings of both
the parties, whose seals are appended in confirmation.

8. Ohligatio pro redemptione monachi captmi facienda.

I21st August 1312.]^

Venerabili in Christo patri domino Ade^ Dei gracia Abbati de Kyl-
wynnyn Frater Bernardus^ eiusdem permissione Abbas de Aberbrothoc et
eiusdem loci conuentus salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem . Quia
nuper intelleximus quod frater Johannes* dudum abbas monasterii de
Aberbrothoc et modo simplex monachus de guerra captus fuit in Anglia per
Petrum de Strathern sen per quosdam de familia ipsius et detentus est
tanquam captiuus penes ipsos pro redempcione facienda . Patemitatem
vestram affectuose duximus exorandam quatinus eundem de manibus ipsorimi

^ Liber S, Thome de Aberbrothoc (Ban. Club, Scotland from 1307 to 1327. — Crawfurd's O^car*

1848), p. 288, No. 333: of State, p. 17.

' This is an Abbot not hitherto noticed. He * John of Angus was Abbot in 1303, and was

occurs again in 1327. See p. 165. carried prisoner of war into England. He was

* Bernard de Linton was Abbot of Arbroath loosed from his office in 1309. — Gk>rdon'8 Jfonas-

from 1303 till 1327. He was Chancellor of iicon, p. 517.

140 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

liljerantes pro ipso velitis nomine nostro fideiubere . Ita videlicet quod si
discretio domini nostri regis et consilii sui dictauerit quod pro tali simplici
monacho redempcio fuerit facienda : ad arbitrium eorundem libenter facie-
mus et respondebimus pro redemptione euisdem prout ordinatum fuerit per
eosdem vel ipsum eisdem liberabimus in statu quo nobis presentatur. Et
ipsum sic nobis deliberatum dompno Nicholao de Lundy commonacho
nostro vel Ade Wayt et Thome de Dalgemoc liberetis ad nostrum monaste-
rium reducendum. Quod vero pro fideiussione predicta feceritis ratum
babebimus et vos ac monasterium vestrum apud omnes indempnes con-
.seruabimus et hoc vobis fideliter promittimus per presentes sigillo nostro
communi patenter roboratas. Datum in capitulo nostro apud Aberbrothoc
vigesimo primo die Augusti anno gracie millesimo trecentesimo duodecimo.

Abstract.

Letters of Obligation by Bernard, Abbot of Aberbrothoc, whereby he
requested Adam, Abbot of Kilwinning, to become surety in his name for
John, sometime Abbot of Aberbrothoc, and now a simple monk, who had
been taken prisoner in war in England by Peter of Strathem, or certain of
his people, and was detained a prisoner by them for the purpose of ran-
som, to the end that he might be set free from their hands ; so that if the
King and council should determine that ransom should be made for such
a simple monk, the Abbot of Aberbrothoc would willingly answer and do at
their arbitration whatever should be resolved on for his ransom, or deliver
him to them in the state in which he should be presented to him : and
requesting that the prisoner, when delivered to the said surety, should be
committed to Sir Nicholas of Lundy, fellow-monk of the Abbot of Aber-
brothoc, or to Adam Wayt and Thomas of Dalgernoc, to be brought back
to the monastery of Aberbrothoc : Promising to hold firm and stable what-
ever the Abbot of Kilwinning should do in the foresaid surety-making,
and to keep him and his monastery skaithless from aU men.

9. Carta Ahhatis et conuentus de Kylminnyn. — [Circa 1315.]^

Robertus, etc. Sciatis nos pro salute anime nostre et pro salute onmium
antecessorum et successorum nostrorum regum Scocie . dedisse concessisse
et hac presenti Carta nostra confirmasse deo et beate Marie virgini et beato

1 Registrum Mapii Sigilli (1814), p. 9, Roll I. No. 40. — Robertson's Index, p. 6, No. 40.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 1*1

• • • •

Wynino ac Abbati et monachis de Kylwynnyn et eorum monasterio totam
terram que vocatur le Hallande ^ cum pertinenciis iuxta burgum de Irwyn.
Tenendam et habendam dictis monasterio Abbati et Monachis ibidem deo
seruientibus et eorum successoribus inperpetuum in liberam puram et per-
petuam elemosinam adeo libere et quiete plenarie et honorifice cum omnibus
libertatibus commoditatibus aysiamentis et iustis pertinenciis suis sicut
aliquam elemosinam eis concessam liberius quiecius plenius et honorificencius
tenent seu possidant .... preterea remisimus et quietum clamauimus ac
clamamus predictis Abbati et Monachis et eorum successoribus inperpetuum
illos viginti solidos quos annuatim pro terra sua de Kilmemoc heredibus
de balliolo reddere solebant Ita quod inde de cetero nemini teneantur re-
spondere. In cuius rei, etc.

[The names of the witnesses are not given.]

Abstract.
Charter by King Robert the Bruce in favour of the Abbot and monks of
Kilwinning and their monastery, of the lands of Hallande, near the burgh
of Irvine, to hold to them and their successors in free, pure, and perpetual
abns ; the King also remitting in their favour twenty shillings which they
were accustomed to pay yearly to the heirs of Baliol for the land of Kil-
marnock.

10. ^ Charter from Robert I. to the Abbey of Kilwinning ^ granting a fishing

in Leven and Clyde, is noticed in Robertson^ s Index, but cannot now
befound.^

1 1 . JudicibuSy ut donationem iuris patronatus et advocationis in ecclesia de

Dunbretan Glasguensis diocesis factam per Robertum quondam
regem Scotiae, et concessionem eiusdem ecclesiae factam per Joan-
nem episcopum Gla^guensem monasterio de Kylwynin confirTnent. —
Reg. An. xiv. Com. Par. iv. Epist. 266. — [2d November 1329.]^

Johannes Episcopus, etc. Dilectis filiis Bertrando Cariti Archidiacono
Vauriensis et Eaymundo de Quercu Canonico Lingoniensis ecclesiarum, in
Regno Scocie nostris et apostolice sedis nuntiis, salutem, etc. Significavit
nobis Carissimus in Christo filius noster David Rex Scocie Illustris quod

^ Thifl cannot now be identified. ^ Vatican MSS. — Vetera MonwmenJta Hiber-

* Robertson's IndeXy p. 3, No. 19. nonim et Scotorum, p. 247, No. 48^.

142 COLLECTIONS TOWAEDS A HISTORY OF

olim clare memorie Eobertus Rex Scocie pater suus, dum vitam duceret in
humanis, ad Monasterium ss. Marie et Wynnini de Kylwynin ordinis
s. Benedieti Glasguensis diocesis, et personas ipsius specialis gerens devo-
tionis affectum, ius patronatus et advocationem, quod et quam habebat in
parrochiali ecclesia de Dunbretan^ dicte diocesis, dilectis filiis . . . Abbati
et Conventui ac Monacliis ipsius Monasterii pro sue, ac predecessorum et
successorum ipsius animarum salute donavit in perpetuum et concessit,
Quodque postmodum venerabilis frater noster Johannes Episcopus Glasgu-
ensis attendens liospitalitates, que fiebant in Monasterio memorato, ecclesiam
supradictam, dilectorum filiorum Capituli sui ecclesie Glasguensis accedente
consensu, eisdem Abbati et conventui auctoritate ordinaria concessit in
eorum usus proprios et donavit, reservata tamen de ipsius ecclesie proventi-
bus perpetuo vicario inibi servituro congrua portione ex qua possit congrue
sustentari Episcopalia iura solvere, et alia sibi incumbentia onera supportare,
prout in eorumdem Eegis ac Episcopi et Capituli patentibus litteris inde
confectis, eorumque sigillis munitis dicitur plenius contineri . Quai-e idem
David Rex nobis humiliter supplicavit ut cum predicte littere non possint
tute propter magnam locorum distanciam ad sedem apostolicam destinari,
aliquibus discretis in partibus illis committere dignaremur, ut si eis ita esse
constaret, quod per dictos Regem, Episcopum et Capitulum super hiis
factum est, confirmationis apostolica auctoritate ex certa scientia munimine
roborarent. Nos itaque ipsius Regis devotis supplicationibus inclinati, ac de
circumspectione vestra plenam in domino fiduciam obtinentes, discretion!
vestre per apostolica scripta committimus et mandamus, quatenus si invene-
ritis ita esse quod per dictos Robertum Regem, ac Episcopum et Capitulum
super premissis factum est, auctoritate nostra confirmetis, iure tamen cuius-
libet alterius in omnibus semper salvo, tenorem dictarum litterarum huius-
modi confirmationis vestris litteris inserendo, Contradictores, etc. Datum
Avinione iiii. Nonas Novembris, Pontificatus nostri anno quarto decimo.

Abstract.

Letters by Pope John XXII., directed to Bertrand Cariti, arch-
deacon of the church of Lavaur, and Rajonund de Quercu, canon of the

1 See Chart, Lennox, vol. ii. p. 130, quoted Reformation the Church of Dunbarton yielded a
by Chalinera, Caledonia, voL iii p. 902. At the clear revenue of £66 : 13 ; 4.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 143

church of Langres, his nuncios in the realm of Scotland, whereby, on the
narrative that David, King of Scotland, had given him to understand that
Eobert, King of Scotland, his father, had granted the right of patronage and
advocation which he had in the parish church of Dunbarton, in the diocese
of Glasgow, to the abbot and convent and monks of the monastery of St.
Mary and St. Wynnin of Kilwinning, of the order of St. Benedict, of the
diocese of Glasgow, for the affection he bore it and the persons thereof, for the
weal of his soul and the souls of his predecessors and successors : And that
afterwards the Pope's venerable brother, John, Bishop of Glasgow,^ with con-
sent of his beloved sons the Chapter of the Church of Glasgow, by his
ordinary authority granted the said church to the foresaid monastery for
their proper uses ; reserving from the proceeds thereof a suitable portion for
a vicar to serve the cure, by which he might be suitably maintained and
the Episcopal rights be paid, as was said to be more fully contained in the
letters patent of the said King, and of the Bishop and Chapter thereupon
made and confirmed with their seals : Wherefore the said King David had
made a humble supplication to the Pope, that since the foresaid letters could
not be safely sent to the Apostolic See owing to the great distance, he
w^ould be pleased to give a commission to certain men of discretion in these
parts, that if the premises were found to be as formerly stated, they should
ratify the same with the authority of Apostolic confirmation ; and being
well inclined to the King's request, and well satisfied of their discretion, the
pope granted commission to the said nuncios, charging them, that on finding
that it had been so done by King Robert, and by the Bishop and Chapter
anent the premises, he should confirm the same by the Pope's authority,
reserving the rights of every one.

12. lisdem iudicihus ut iinionem per Episcopum Glasgueiisem supradicto
monasterio de Eylwynin de quihusdam perpetuis vicariis fojctam
confirment — Reg. An. xiv. Com. Par. iv. Epist. 264. — [Nov. 1329.]'^

Johannes Episcopus, etc. Dilectis filiis Bertrando Cariti archidiacono
Vauriensis et Raymundo de Quercu canonico Lingoniensis ecclesiarum, in

^ John Lindsay was Bishop of Glasgow from 1326 to 1335. — Keith, p. 243 ; QruVs Eccle9, Hist,
vol. i. p. 345, note 4. ' Vatican MSS., p. 248, No. 487.

144 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

Regno Scocie nostris et apostolice sedis nuntiis, salutem, etc. Petitio caris-
simi in Christo filii nostri David Regis Scocie illustris nobis exhibita con-
tinebat, quod bone memorie Robertus Episcopus Glasguensis, dum adhuc
vitam ageret in humanis, attendens quod Monasterium sanctorum Marie et
Wynnini de Kylwynin ordinis sancti Benedicti Glasguensis diocesis, propter
diversarum guerrarum discrimina et frequentes incursus malignantium, ac
propter ecclesias destructas ipsius monasterii et possessiones eiusdem in red-
ditibus attenuatas, dilecti filii . . . Abbas et Conventus dicti Monas-
terii ad tantam inopiam et paupertatem devenerant quod sufficientes reddi-
tus non habeant, unde possent commode sustentari, ac ob hoc dictus Epis-
copus eisdem Abbati et Conventui afiectu pio compatiens de Kylmernoc et
de Beth ecclesiarum perpetuas vicarias Glasguensis diocesis in quibus
vicariorum presentatio ad eosdem Abbatem et Conventum antea pertinebat,
dilectorum filiorum Capituli Glasguensis ad hoc accedente consensu, eisdem
abbati, conventui et monasterio tam pro ipsorum et pauperum ibi consis-
tentium sustentatione, quam etiam ad manutenendum hospitalitatem que
fieri consuevit ibidem, in usus proprios tradidit in perpetuum et concessit,
prout in litteris inde confectis, eiusdem Episcopi sigillo munitis dicitur plenius
contineri. Quapropter idem Rex nobis humiliter supplicavit, ut in illis par-
tibus aliquibus discretis committere dignaremur, ut si eis ita esse constaret
quod per dictum Episcopum super hoc pie et provide factum est, id ex certa
scientia debeant confirmare : Nos itaque ipsius Regis supplicationibus in-
clinati, ex de vestre circumspectionis industria plenam in domino fiduciam
obtinentes, discretioni vestre per apostolica scripta committimus et man-
damus, quatenus si inveneritis ita esse, quod per dictum Episcopum super
predictis provide factum est auctoritate nostra confirmare curetis, iure
tamen cuiuslibet alterius in omnibus semper salvo, tenorem dictarum littera-
rum ipsius Episcopi huiusmodi confirmationis vestris litteris inserentes, Con-
tradictores auctoritate nostra, etc. Datum Avinione iiii. nonas Novembris,
pontificatus nostri anno quarto decimo.

Abstract.

Letters by Pope John XXII. to Bertrand Cariti, archdeacon of the
church of Lavaur, and Raymund de Quercu, canon of the church of Langres,
nuncios of the Pope and the Apostolic See in Scotland, proceeding on a

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 145

petition by David, King of Scotland, bearing that Robert,^ Bishop of Glas-
gow, in his lifetime, considering the state of the monastery of St. Mary and
St. Wynnin of Kilwinning, of the order of St. Benedict, of the diocese of
Glasgow, on account of losses by various wars and frequent inroads of
enemies, and that the churches of the monastery were destroyed and their
possessions and rents diminished, the Abbot and convent were reduced to
such a state of want and poverty, that they had not rents sufficient to
maintain them in a suitable manner : And the said Bishop taking compas^
sion on their caae granted to them for ever, with consent of the chapter of
Glasgow, the perpetual vicarages of the Kirks of Kilmarnock and of Beith,
in the diocese of Glasgow, the presentation of the vicars of which had for-
merly belonged to the said Abbot and convent, gifting them to the said
Abbot, convent, and monastery, for their maintenance and that of the poor
living there, and for upholding of the hospitality that was wont to be kept
there ; as was said to be more fully contained in the Bishop's letters there-
upon made : Wherefore, on the King's request for confirmation, if these
things were well and piously done, the Pope committed to them by this
apostolic writ, and charged them to confirm what was done by the Bishop
with the Pope's authority, inserting the tenor of the Bishop's letters in such
confirmation.

13. lisdem indidhus, ut donationem iuris patronatus ctdtcsdam parochialis
ecclesiae fcvotam per Walterum comitem de Monethet, et conces-
sionem eiusdem ecclesiae factam per Andream episcopum Ergo-
diensem prefato monasterio de Kylwynin conjmaent. Ibidem, Ep.
265.— [1329.]'

Johannes Episcopus, etc. Dilectis filiis Bertrando Cariti archidiacono
Vauriensis et RajTnundo de Quercu canonico Lingoniensis ecclesiarum, in
Regno Scocie, nostris et apostolice sedis nuntiis, Salutem, etc. Petitio
carissimi in Christo filii nostri David Regis Scocie illustris nobis exhibita
continebat, quod quondam Walterus comes de Monethet, dum vitam ageret
in humanis, pro sue ac uxoris, et antecessorum et successorum suorum ani-

1 Robert Wischeart was Bishop of Glasgow 618. Pref. to Char, of GUu., pp. xxiv. xxxvi.
from 1272 till bis death in 1316. — Keith, p. Palgrave's Doc. and Records, pp. 340, 350.
241. Chabnera* Caled<mia, voL iii. pp. 617, ^ Vatican MSS., p. 248, No. 488.

146 COLLECTIONS TOWAEDS A HISTORY OF

marum salute ius patronatus, quod Comes predictus tunc habebat in parro-
chiali ecclesia de Kilmachermat^ in Cnapedale, tunc capellis sancte Marie
in Cnapedale et sancti Michaelis in Inwerlaxo,^ cum tribus denariatis terre in
Riventos eidem ecclesiae annexis Ergadiensis diocesis, dilectis filiis . . .
Abbati et Conventui ac Monachis Monasterii sanctorum Marie et Wynnini
de Kylwynyn ordinis sancti Benedicti Glasguensis diocesis concessit in per-
petuum et donavit. Quodque postmodum frater (ven.) noster Andreas
episcopus Ergadiensis paupertati et tenuitate reddituum mense communis
monasterii supradicti, qui ad sustentationem personarum degentium in
eodem, et ad hospitalitatem solitam exercendam, ac alia eidem incumbentia
honera supportanda minime sufficere noscebantur, pie compatiens eandem
ecclesiam cum annexis ac omnibus iuribus et pertinentiis earumdem dilecto-
rum filiorum, Capituli sue ecclesie Ergadiensis super hoc interveniente
consensu, eisdem Abbati, Conventui ac Monasterio in usus proprios ad sus-
tentationem ipsorum tradidit imperpetuum et concessit, reservata tamen
perpetuo vicario inibi servituro de proventibus eius ecclesie congrua por-
tione, ex qua possit congrue sustentari, episcopalia iura solvere, et alia sibi
incumbentia onera supportare, prout in patentibus litteris inde confectis
dictorum Comitis, Episcopi et Capituli sigillis munitis plenius dicitur con-
tineri. Quare idem Rex nobis humiliter supplicavit, ut quod super hiis per
eosdem Comitem ac Episcopum et Capitulum factum est, mandaremus per
aliquos discretos in illis partibus, si ita esse reperirent auctoritate apostolica
ex certa scientia confirmari. Nos igitur eiusdem Regis supplicationibus
inclinati, ac de circumspectione vestra super hiis gerentes in domino fidu-
ciam specialem, discretioni vestre per apostolica scripta mandamus, quatenus
si premissa inveneritis ita esse, quod per eosdem Comitem ac Episcopum et
Capitulum super illis factum est, auctoritate nostra confirmare curetis, iure
tamen cuiuslibet alterius in omnibus semper salvo, tenorem dictarum lit-
terarum Comitis, Episcopi et Capituli predictorum huiusmodi confirmationis
litteris inserentes Contradictores, etc. Datum Avinione iiii nonas Novem-
bris, Pontificatus nostri anno quarto decimo.

^ The churcli of S. Channaig was in North ment to the Bishopric of ArgyU. Orig. Paroeh.

Enapdale. In 1621 the parsonage and vicarage u. 39. Acts of Pari, of Scot., iv. pi 652, c. 60*

of Eilmachormack were resigned hj John, Com- Fasti Eccles, Scot., toL iii. pt. i p. 13.
mendator of Kilwinning, and annexed by Parlia- ^ Now Eilmichael Inverlussa.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNINa 147

Abstract.

Letters by Pope John XXII. directed to Bertrand Cariti, axchdeacoii
of the church of Lavaur, and Raymund de Quercu, canon of the church
of Langres, his nuncios in Scotland ; whereby, on the narrative that a peti-
tion had been presented to him by David^ King of Scotland, bearing that
the late Walter, Earl of Menteth,^ for the salvation of his soul and the
soul of his wife, etc., granted to the abbot, convent, and monks of the
monastery of St. Mary and St. Wynnin of Kilwinning, his right of patron-
age in the parish church of S. Charmaig in Knapdale, with the chapels of
St Mary in Knapdale and St. Michael in Inverlussa, with three penny lands
in Riventos, annexed to the said church, in the diocese of Argyle ; and that
thereafter Andrew,* Bishop of Argyle, taking compassion on the poverty
and smallness of the rents of the common table of the said monastery, with
consent of the Chapter of Argyle gave and granted the same to the abbot,
convent, and monastery for their proper uses, under reservation of a suit-
able portion for a perpetual vicar to serve the church there, and suflSicient
to pay the Episcopal dues, etc. The Pope charged and commanded his
nuncios, on finding the facts correctly stated, to confirm the deeds of the
earl and bishop and chapter by Apostolic authority.

14. Monasterio de Kylwynin, ord. 8. Benedicti Qlasguenm diocec. dantur
conservatores. — Reg. An. xviL Com. Pa/r. 1 Ep. 1186. — [October 1332.] •

Johannes Episcopus, etc. ; . . . DUectis filiis . . . de Kelchou
et de . . . Culros, Sancti Andree et Dumblanensis diocesum monaste-
riorum abbatibus, ac archidiacono Glasguensi, salutem, etc. : MHitanti
ecclesie, etc. Sane dUectorum filiorum . . . abbatis et conventus
Monasterii de Kilwynnine ordinis Sancti Benedicti Glasguensis diocesis
conquestione percepimus, quod nonnulli archiespicopi et episcopi, ac
Clerici ecclesiasticeque persone, tam religiose quam seculares, necnon duces,
comites, barones, nobiles, milites, et laici, communia quoque civitatum,
universitates castrorum, viUarum et aliorum locorum, et alie singulares

^ Walter Stewart was third son of Walter, ^ Andrew was Bishop of Argyle in 1304, and

High Steward of Scotland, and was adjudged was alive in 1327. — Keith, p. 286. Beg, de

Earl of Menteth in 1258. He died about 1294. PasteUt, pp. 131, 137.

— ^Wood's Douglass Peerage, voL ii p. 224. » Vatican MSS., p. 252, No. 500.

148 COLLECTIONS TOWAEDS A HISTORY OF

persone civitatum et diocesum, et aliaxum partium diversarum occuparunt et
occupari fecerunt, villas, ecclesias, terras, domos, grangias, decimas, molen-
dina, piscarias, maneria, possessiones, iura et iurisdictiones, necnon fructus,
census, redditus, et proventus ac nonnulla alia bona mobilia et immobilia
spiritualia et temporalia ad monasterium ipsum spectantia, et ea detinent
indebite occupata sen eadem detinentibus praestant auxilium, consilium
vel favorem. Nonnulli etiam civitatum et diocesum partium predictarum,
qui nomen domini in vacuum recipere non formidant, eisdem Abbati et Con-
ventui super predictis villis, ecclesiis, terris, domibus, grangiis, decimis molen-
dinis, piscariis, maneriis, possessionibus, iuribus et iurisdictionibus, necnon
fructibus, censibus, redditibus et proventibus eorumdem, et quibuscumque
aliis bonis mobilibus et immobilibus spiritualibus et temporalibus et rebus
aliis ad dictum Monasterium spectantibus multiplices molestias ac iniurias
inferunt et iacturas. Quare prefati Abbas et Conventus nobis humiliter sup-
plicarunt, ut cum valde difficile reddatur eisdem pro singulis querelis ad apo-
stolicam sedem habere recursum providere eis super hoc paterna diligentia
curaremus. Nos igitur adversus occupatores, presumptores, molestatores, et
iniuriatores huiusmodi illo volentes eis remedio subvenire, per quod ipsorum
compescatur temeritas, et aliis aditus committendi similia precludatur, dis-
cretioni vestre per apostolica scripta mandamus, quatenus vos, vel duo aut
unus vestrum per vos, vel alium seu alios, etiam si sint extra loca in quibus
deputati estis conservatores et indices, prefatis Abbati et Conventui efficacis
defensionis presidio assistentes, non permittatis eisdem super hiis, et quibus-
cumque aliis bonis et iuribus ad dictum Monasterium spectantibus ab eisdem
vel quibuscumque aliis indebite molestari, vel sibi gravamina seu dampna,
vel iniurias irrogari, facturi dictis Abbati et Conventui, cum ab eis aut pro-
curatore seu procuratoribus suis, vel eorum aliquo fueritis requisiti, de pre-
dictis et aliis personis quibuslibet super restitutione dictarum villarum,
ecclesiarum, terrarum, domorum, grangiarum, decimarum, molendinorum,
piscariarum, maneriorum, possessionum, iurium et iurisdictionum, necnon
fructuum, censuum, reddituum, et proventuum, et aliorum bonorum mobi-
lium et immobilium, spiritualium et temporalium et aliorum quorumcumque
bonorum, necnon et de quibuscumque molestiis, iniuriis atque dampnis, pre-
sentibus et futuris, in illis videlicet, que iudicialem requirunt indaginem,
summarie et de piano, sine strepitu et figura indicii, in aliis vero, prout
qualitas ipsorum exegerit, iusticie complementum, occupatores seu detentores,

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 149

molestatores, presumptores, et iniuriatores huiusmodi, necnon contradictores
quoslibet et rebelles, cuiuscumque dignitatis, status, ordinis vel conditionis
extiterint. quandocumque et quotienscumque expedire videritis, auctori-
tate nostra, per censuram ecclesiasticam, appeUatione postposita, compes-
cendo, Invocato ad hoc, si opus fuerit, auxilio brachii secularis, non obstan-
tibus tarn felicis recordationis Bonifacii pape VIII., etc. ; usque mentio
specialis. Ceterum volumus et apostolica auctoritate decemimus, quod
quelibet vestrum prosequi valeat articulum, etiam per alimn inchoatum,
quamvis idem inchoans nuUo fuerit impedimento canonico prepeditus,
quodque a data presentium sit vobis et unicuique vestrum in premissis
omnibus et eorum singulis, ceptis et non ceptis, presentibus et futuris,
perpetuata potestas et iurisdictio attributa, ut eo vigore eaque firmitate pos-
sitis in premissis onmibus ceptis et non ceptis, presentibus et futuris, et pro
predictis procedere ac si predicta omnia et singula coram vobis cepta fuissent,
et iurisdictio vestra et cuiuslibet vestrum in predictis omnibus et singulis per
citationem vel modum alium perpetuata legitimVim extitisset, Constitutione
predicta super Conservatoribus et alia qualibet in contrarium edita non
obstante. Presentibus post quinquennium minime valituris. Datum
Avinione iii. nonas Octobris, Pontificatus nostri anno decimo septimo.

Abstract.

Letters by Pope John XXII., directed to the Abbots of Kelso and
Cubos, and the Archdeacon of Glasgow. Whereby, on the narrative that
he understood by a complaint of the Abbot and Convent of Kilwinning, of
the order of St. Benedict, of the diocese of Glasgow, that certain archbishops,
bishops, kirkmen and ecclesiastical persons, as well the religious as secular,
also dukes, earls, barons, nobles, knights, and lajTnen, commons, etc.,
had occupied and caused to occupy the towns, churches, lands, houses,
granges, teinds, mills, fishings, manors, rights and jurisdictions, fruits,
maills, etc., belonging to the monastery, and withheld them wrongfully, or
gave aid and counsel to those withholding ; and some of the said cities and
dioceses not fearing to take the name of God in vain, perpetrated manifold
wrongs, molestations, and insults, upon the said possessions of the said
monastery ; on which account the abbot and convent had made supplication
to the Pope to provide remedy for these evils, because it was very diflSicult to

150 COLLECTIONS TOWAEDS A HISTOEY OF

have recourse to the apostolic see for every complaint : Wherefore, to repress
these disorders, the Pope committed to the aforesaid, and charged them by
apostolic writ that they, or two or one of them, even if beyond the places
in which they were deputed conservators and judges, should assist the abbot
and convent in their defence and protection, and not permit the said
convent to be molested in their goods, or wrongs and losses to be inflicted
on them ; causing justice to be done to them when required by them or
their procurators to that effect, anent the restitution of the said towns, kirks,
lands, etc., and in all wrongs and molestations whatsoever ; and to compel
and restrain the occupiers or detainers of their lands, their troublers and
wrongdoers, gainsayers and rebellious persons, of whatever rank or condition,
by the Papal authority and censures of the Church, invoking if need be
the secular arm for that end, notwithstanding the bull of Pope Boniface
VIIL And to take all steps necessary in the prosecution of their com-
mission as if they had been taken before the Pope himself : This appoint-
ment not to be of force after five years.

15. Monachis de Kilwynin ord. S, Benedicti Glasguensis dioecesis confir-
Toatur donatio eis facta per regem ScoticB et episcopum Glasguen-
sem deparochiali ecclesia de Dumbretan, insertis ipsorum privUegiis.
— Reg. An. xvii. Com. Far. I JEp. 1522. — [1333.]^

Johannes Episcopus, etc. ; Dilectis filiis . • . Abbati et Conventui
Monasterii Sanctorum Marie et Wynnini de Kilwynin ordinis sancti Bene-
dicti Glasguensis diocesis, salutem, etc. ; Quamvis ea, que auctoritate sedis
apostolice pie ac provide ordinantur, robur in se obtineant firmitatis, nichil-
ominus tamen ex habundanti sedes eadem illis apostolice confirmationis
munimen adicit, ut validiora consistant. Sane dudum carissimo in Christo
filio nostro David Scotie Rege illustri nobis intimante, quod clare memorie
Robertus Rex Scotie, pater eius, gerens ad Monasterium vestrum et per-
sonas in eo degentes specialis devotionis affectum, ius patronatus et advoca-
tionem quod et quam habebat in parrochiali ecclesia de Dunbretan Glasguen-
sis diocesis, vobis pro sue ac predecessorum et successorum suorum animarum
salute donaverat in perpetuum et concesserat ; et quod postmodum vene-

1 Vatican MSS., p. 253, No. 602.

THE MONASTEEY OF KILWINNING. 161

rabilis frater noster Episcopus Glasguensis antedictus, attendens hospitali-
tates, que fiebant in Monasterio memorato, ecclesiam eandem^ dilectorum
filiorum Capituli Bui ecclesie Glasguensis accedente consensu, auctoritate
ordinaria vobis concesserat in usus vestros proprios et donaverat, reservata
de ipsius ecclesie proventibus, perpetuo vicario inibi servituro congrua por-
tione, ex qua possit congrue sustentari, episcopalia iura solvere, et alia sibi
incumbentia onera supportare, prout in ipsorum Roberti Regis et episcopi,
ac capituli patentibus litteris inde "confectis, eorumque sigillis munitis dice-
batur plenius contineri. Nos ad supplicationem ipsius David Regis, dilectis
filiis Bertrando Cariti archidiacono Vauriensis, et Raymundo de Quercu
canonico Lingoniensis ecclesiarum, in Regno Scotie nostris et apostolice
sedis nuntiLS, litteris nostris dedisse meminimus in mandatis, ut si predicta
ita esse reperirent, quod per dictos Robertum regem et episcopum ac capi-
tulum super biis factum esset, auctoritate apostolica confirmarent, iure tamen
cuiuslibet alterius in omnibus semper salvo, ac huiusmodi sue confirmationis
litteris litterarum Regis, episcopi et capituli earundem tenorem insererent
predictarum, Contradictores auctoritate nostra, appellatione postposita, com-
pescendo, prout in eisdem nostris litteris plenius continetur. Verum prefati
nuntii formam ipsarum litterarum nostrarum diligentius observantes, quia
inspectis et examinatis diligenter per ipsos tam nostris quam Regis episcopi
et capituli predictorum litteris antedictis premissa invenerunt legitime ita
esse, deliberatione super illis prehabita diligenti dictam ecclesiam de Dun-
bretan cum omnibus iuribus et pertinentiis suis, vobis et Monasterio vestro
predicto in usus proprios in perpetuum confirmarunt, salvo iure cuiuslibet
alieno, prout in publico quodam instrumento inde confecto eorumdem nun-
ciorum sigillis munito, cuius tenore de verbo ad verbum presentibus inseri
fecimus, plenius continetur. Quare nobis humiliter supplicastis, ut cum
verisimiliter dubitetur, quod processu temporis predicta eorumdem nuntiorum
sigilla fiant incognita, et quod interim vel post dicta eorum sigiUa consumi
poterant, vel aliquo fortuito casu corrumpi que per eosdem nuntios facta
sunt super hiis, ut prefertur confirmare ex certa scientia dignaremur. Nos
igitur vestris supplicationibus inclinati, premissa omnia super hiis per eosdem
nuntios, ut premittitur, facta rata et grata habentes, ilia auctoritate aposto-
lica ex certa scientia confirmamus, et presentis scripti patrocinio communi-
mus. Tenor autem dicti instrumenti eorumdem nuntiorum talis est : —
Universis sancte Matris ecclesie filiis, ad quos presentes Jittere pervenirent

152 COLLECTIONS TOWAEDS A HISTOEY OF

Bertrandus Cariti arcliidiaconus Vauriensis et Raymundus de Quercu canoni-
cus Lingoniensis ecclesiarum, in Regno Scotie sedis apostolice nuntii dele-
gati, salutem in domino sempitemam. Noveritis mandatum sanctissimi in
Christo patris et domini nostri, domini Johannis divina providentia pape
XXII. non vitiatum, non caneellatum, nee in aliqua sua parte comiptum, nos
recepisse cum ea qua decuit reverentia in hec verba. Johannes Episcopus,
etc. Dilectis filiis Bertrando Cariti Archidiacono Vauriensis et Eaymundo
de Quercu Canonico Lingoniensis ecclesiarum, in Regno Scotie nostri et
apostolice sedis nunciis, Salutem, etc. Significavit nobis carissimus, etc., ut
supra Nr. cccclxxxvii pag. 247. Dat. Avinione iiii. nonas Novembris,
pontificatus nostri anno quartodecimo.

Cum igitur . . . Abbas dicti Monasterii de Kylwynin nomine suo, et
monasterii sui predict! coram nobis in ecclesia cathedrali Glasguensis viii.
kalend. Mali anno gratie M.ccc.xxx, in presentia venerabilium virorum
dominorum Walteri de Roule precentoris, Roberti Thesaurarii, et Johannis
Wylebardi, Johannis de Passelet et Roberti de Sancto Andrea dicte ecclesie
Glasguensis canonicorum litteras patentes serenissimi principis clare me-
morie domini Roberti dudum Regis Scotie super advocatione et iure patro-
natus ecclesie de Dumbretan Glasguensis diocesis, et etiam litteras patentes
domini Johannis Dei gratia episcopi Glasguensis super advocatione sive
concessione predicte ecclesie sibi et monasterio suo predicto in usus pro-
prios, necnon et litteras Capituli ecclesie Glasguensis super consensu colla-
tionis seu concessionis memorate, sigillis dictorum dominorum Regis, epis-
copi et capituli sigiUatas, ut prima facie apparebat, exhibuerit, ac ad
informationem premissorum eas nobis presentaverit inspiciendas, legendas et
examinandas, ut quarum litterarum tenores inseruntur per ordinem sub
hiis verbis, Tenor littere Regis talis est. Robertus Dei gratia Rex Scotorum
omnibus probis hominibus totius terre sue, tam clericis, quam laicis salutem ;
Sciatis nos pro salute amine nostre, et pro salute animarum antecessorum et
successorum nostrorum regum Scotie dedisse concessisse et hac presenti
carta nostra confirmasse deo et beate Marie Virgini et beato Wynnino ac
Monasterio de Kylwynin in Cunyngham, abbati et monachis ibidem deo
servientibus, et in perpetuum servituris ius patronatus et advocationem
ecclesie ville nostre de Dunbretan, tenendum et habendum dicto Monas-
terio et Monachis predictis in perpetuum, cum omnibus iustis pertinentiis
suifl in liberam, puram, et perpetuam elemosinam, adeo libere, pure,

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 153

quiete et honorifice, sicut aliqua elemosina in Kegno Scotie alicui monasterio
seu pio loco per antecessores nostros Reges Scotie, seu per nos data et con-
cessa liberius purius, quietius seu honorificentius tenetur aut possidetur,
salvo iure Rectoris dicte ecclesie, qui nunc est, donee cedat vel decedat.
In cuius rei testimonium presenti carte nostre sigillum nostrum precepimus
apponi, testibus venerabilibus patribus Willelmo, Wyllelmo et lohanne
Sancti Andree, Dunkeldensis et Breychinensis ecclesiarum dei gratia episcopis
Bernardo Abbate de Abirbrothoc Cancellario nostro, Waltero Senescallo
Scotie, lacobo domino de Duglas, lohanne de Menetech, et Roberto Boyde
militibus. Apud Abirbrothoc quarto die Maii, Anno Regni nostri quinto
decimo. Tenor littere domini Episcopi talis est. Universis ChristifideUbus,
ad quorum notitiam presens scriptum pervenerit, Iohannes miseratione divina
ecclesie Glasguensis minister humihs, salutem in domino sempiternam.
Noverit universitas vestra, quod cum magnificus Princeps dominus Robertus
dei gratia Rex Scotorum illustris advocationem, sive ius patronatus ecclesie
sancte Marie de Dunbretan nostre diocesis Religiosis viris . . . Abbati, et
Conventui Monasterii de Kylwynin in Conynghame eiusdem diocesis, et
eorum Monasterio pie ac devote pro salute anime sue, et pro salute ani-
marum antecessorum et successorum suorum Regum Scotie perpetuo con-
tulisset, et nos tam viva voce quam per litteras suas patentes cum instantia
sepius requisisset, quod dictam ecclesiam dictis Religiosis in suos proprios
usus generose conferre dignaremur : Nos tam devotionem dicti domini
Regis, quam hospitalitates quas dicti Religiosi indesinenter perficiunt,
concorditer attendentes, utilitate et honore Ecclesie nostre pensatis, ipsam
ecclesiam de Dunbretan cum terris, decimis, obventionibus et omnibus aliis
iustis pertinentiis suis, predictis Religiosis et eorum successoribus, ac
Monasterio suo de Kylwynin predicto divine caritatis intuitu, interveniente
Consensu capituli nostri, pro nobis et successoribus nostris in suos proprios
usus damns, concedimus, et Episcopali auctoritate presenti scripto imperpe-
tuum confirmamus, salvo iure veri Rectoris eiusdem ecclesie, donee cedat
vel decedat, seu alio modo de iure fuerit amovendus, reservata tamen nobis
et successoribus nostris collatione Vicarie eiusdem ecclesie cum ipsam
vacare contingeret. Quiquidem Vicarius per nos instituendus tenebit se
contentum de portione competenti ordinanda per nos et religiosos pre-
dictos, et respondebit de omnibus et singulis oneribus ordinariis et ex-
traordinariis pro rata portionis sue. In cuius rei testimonium presenti

154 COLLECTIONS TOWAEDS A HISTOEY OF

scripto sigillum nostrum autenticum est appensum. Datum et actum
apud Abirbrothoc vicesimoseptimo die Novembris, amio gratie M.ccc.xxv.
— Tenor littere Capituli. Omnibus sancte Matris Ecclesie filiis presens
scriptum visuris vel audituris .... Decanus et Capitulum Glasguen-
ses, salutem in domino, Noveritis nos inspexisse et veraciter intellexisse
cartam venerabilis patris nostri lohannis dei gratia Glasguensis Episcopi
in hec verba. Universis ChristifideUbus etc. ut in proxima superiori per
totum. Quam quidem donationem et concessionem secundum tenorem
superius annotatum de communi consilio nostro et assensu, diligenti tractatu
premisso, pro nobis et successoribus nostris imperpetuum ratificamus, appro-
bamus et confirmamus, et ut ista nostra confirmatio plenam obtineat firmi-
tatem, presenti scripto commune sigillum Capituli nostri fecimus apponi.
Datum in Capitulo nostro apud Glasguam tertiodecimo die mensis Octobris,
anno gratie m.ccc.xxvi.

Quibus litteris apostolicis nobis exhibitis et presentatis, dictus dominus
Abbas nos cum instantia requisivit, ut ad confirmationem predictarum
procedere deberemus iuxta traditam per ipsas litteras apostolicas nobis for-
mam. Nos igitur volentes mandatum apostolicum nobis in hac parte
directum ut filii obedientie exequi, ut tenemur, supradictis litteris tam
apostolicis, quam aliis inspectis et examinatis, et super negotio memorato
deliberatione prehabita diligenti, auctoritate apostolica in hac parte com-
missa, dictam ecclesiam de Dunbretan cum omnibus iuribus suis et pertinen-
tiis universis, dictis Religiosis et eorum Monasterio predicto in usus proprios
in perpetuum confirmamus, salvo iure cuiuslibet alieno. In quorum omnium
testimonium premissorum presentem confirmationem scribi fecimus per
Geraldum Marquesii Notarium infrascriptum et sigUlorum nostrorum appen-
sione muniri. Datum et actum apud Glasguam in domo domini Walteri de
Tuwynam Rectoris ecclesie Glasguensis, prima die mensis Mail, anno domini
M. ccc.xxx. presentibus dominis lohanne de Passelet Canonico Glasguensi,
Malcolmo de Kandi Vicario ecclesie Glasguensis, GuiUelmo de Corri Rectore
de Kenen, et firatre lohanne Dalgamet Monacho predicti Monasterii, testibus
ad premissa vocatis et rogatis. Et ego Geraldus Marquesii clericus Vabrensis
diocesis, publicus auctoritate apostolica notarius, de mandato dictorum domi-
norum Bertrandi Cariti et Raymundi de Quercu sedis apostolice nuntiorum
predictam confirmationem, et omnia et singula in ea contenta manu mea pro-
pria scripsi, et in banc form'am publicam redegi, signoque meo solito signavi

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 165

requisitus. Signum mei Guillelmi Gaufredi liic est appensum in testimonium
premissorunL

NuUi ergo etc. nostre confirmationis infringere etc. Datum Avinione
Kal. Aprilis, Pontificatus nostri anno decimoseptimo.

Abstract.

Letters of Pope John XXII. directed to the Abbot and Convent of the
Monastery of St. Mary and St Wynnin of Kilwinning ; whereby, on the
narrative that David, Eang of Scotland, had informed him that his father
Kobert, King of Scotland, had gifted to them his right of patronage of the
Church of Dunbarton, and that the Bishop of Glasgow and Chapter thereof
had granted and confirmed the same to them for their proper use ; and that he
had appointed his foresaid nuncios to confirm the same ; and that the foresaid
nuncios had found all the letters of gift duly and lawfully made, and had
confirmed the same, as was more fully contained in a public instrument
made thereupon and confirmed with their seals : Whereupon the abbot and
convent had made a supplication to the Pope, bearing that it was not
unlikely that in process of time the seals of the said nuncios might become
unknown, or worn away, or defaced, and therefore asking the Pope to confirm
what was done by his nuncios : And accordingly he confirmed with aposto-
lic authority all that was done in the premises by his said nuncios.

The relative writs inserted in the deed are : —

1. Letters by Bertrand Cariti, archdeacon of Lavaur, and Eaymund de
Quercu, canon of Langres, nuncios delegate of the Apostolic See in Scotland,
wherein relating that having received the mandate of Pope John XXII.,
directed to them dated 2d November 1329 [p. 141, No. 11], the abbot of the
said Monastery, in his own name and that of the Monastery foresaid, com-
peared before them in the Cathedral Kirk of Glasgow on the 24th April
1330, in presence of Walter of Roule, precentor, Robert, treasurer, John
Wylebard, and other canons of the Church of Glasgow, and exhibited to
them the letters patent of Robert, late King of Scotland, on the advocation
and right of patronage of the Church of Dunbarton, the letters patent of
John, Bishop of Glasgow, on the same, and the letters of the Chapter of

156 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

Glasgow on their consent to the same ; and presented them to the nuncios
to be seen, read, and examined by them. These deeds are inserted, and are

2. Charter by Robert, King of Scotland, for the weal of his soul and the
souls of his predecessors and successors, Kings of Scotland, to God and St.
Mary the Virgin, and St. Wynnin, and the Monastery of Kilwinning in Cun-
ninghame, and the abbot and monks there serving God and to serve for ever-
more, of the right of patronage of the Church of his town of Dunbarton : to be
held in free almsgift ; reserving the right of the rector of the church till he
shall resign or die. Witnesses William, Bishop of St. Andrews, etc., at Aber-
brothoc, 4th May [1320].

3. Letters by John, humble minister of the Church of Glasgow, bearing
that whereas Robert, King of Scotland, had conveyed the right of patron-
age of the Church of St. Mary of Dunbarton to the abbot and convent of
the Monastery of Kilwinning, in Cunninghame, and had both viva voce
and by his letters patent requested the bishop generously to confer the said
church on the said religious men for their proper uses, the bishop granted and
confirmed the said Church of Dunbarton, with lands, teinds, obventions, and
pertinents, to them and their successors, for their proper uses, reserving the
right of the rector, etc., and to the bishop the collation of the vicar of the
said church when it happened to become vacant; which vicar should be
bound to be content with a sufiicient portion to be assigned by the bishop
and religious men foresaid. Dated at Aberbrothoc, 27th November 1325.

4. Letter by the Dean and Chapter of Glasgow, ratifying and confirming,
with common consent and assent, the foresaid gift and grant by John, Bishop
of Glasgow. Given in the Chapter-house of Glasgow, 13th October 1326.
Which apostolic letters being so exhibited and presented, the said Lord
Abbot asked them to proceed to the confirmation of the same ; who accord-
ingly confirmed, with apostolic authority committed to them in that part, the
Church of Dunbarton to the said Monastery for their proper uses. In
witness of all which the nuncios caused the public instrument to be written
by Gerald Marquesii, notary, and confirmed with their seals. Done in the
dwelling-house of Walter of Tuwynam, rector of the church of Glasgow, 1st
May 1330, in presence of John of Paisley, Canon of Glasgow, etc.

The Pope's confirmation is dated at Avignon, 1st April 1333.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 157

16. lisdem donatio per JSpiscopum Glasguensem facta de ecclesiis de
Kylmernoc et de Beth dictae dioecesis comjfirmatur. Ibidem, ep.
1523.— [1333.]^

loHANNES Episcopus, etc. Dilectis filiis . . . Abbati et Conventui
Monasterii sanctorum Marie et Wynnini de Kylwynin, etc. Salutem, etc.
Quamvis ea que auctoritate apostolica, etc., ut supra usque consistant. Sane
dudum Carissimo in Christo filio nostro David Rege Scotie illustri nobis inti-
mante, quod bone memorie Kobertus Episcopus Glasguensis, dum adhuc vitam
duceret in humanis, attendens, quod Monasterium vestrum propter diver-
sarum guerrarum discrimina et frequentes.incursus malignantium, ac propter
ecclesias destructas ipsius Monasterii, et possessiones eiusdem in earum
redditibus attenuatas vos ad tantam deveneritis paupertatem ac inopiam,
quod sufficientes redditus non habebatis, unde possetis commode sustentari,
et quod ob hoc dictus Episcopus pio vobis compatiens affectu, de Kyhnernoc
et de Beth ecclesiarum perpetuas Vicarias Glasguensis diocesis, in quibus
Vicariorum presentatio ad vos communiter pertinebat, dilectorum filiorum
Capituli ecclesie sue Glasguensis ad hoc accedente consensu, vobis et dicto
Monasterio vestro tarn pro vestra quam pauperum illuc confluentium
sustentatione, quam etiam ad manutenendam hospitalitatem, que con-
sueverat ibi fieri, in usus proprios tradiderat imperpetuum et concesserat,
prout in patentibus litteris inde confectis eiusdem Episcopi sigillis munitis
dicebatur plenius contineri.

Nos ad supplicationem Regis eiusdem dilectis filiis Bertrando Cariti
Archidiacono Vauriensis, et Raymundo de Quercu, Canonico Lingoniensis
ecclesiarum, tunc in Regno Scotie nostris et Apostolice sedis nunciis, nostris
dedimus litteris in mandatis, ut si predicta ita esse reperirent quod per
dictum Episcopum super illis factum erat, auctoritate nostra confirmare
curarent, iure tamen cuiuslibet alterius in omnibus semper salvo, tenorem
dictarum litterarum ipsius Episcopi huiusmodi confirmationis eorum litteris
inserendo, ac contradictores auctoritate nostra, appellatione postposita, com-
pescendo, prout in dictis nostris litteris plenius continetur. Dicti namque
nuntii "formam ipsarum litterarum nostrarum diligentius observantes, quia
inspectis et examinatis per eos tam nostris quam Episcopi litteris ante

^ Vatican MSS., No. 503.

158 COLLECTIONS TOWAEDS A HISTORY OF

dictis, premissa invenerunt legitime ita esse, prout nobis per Regem erant
exposita memoratum, deliberatione super dicto negotio prehabita diligenti,
auctoritate apostolica eis in ea parte commissa predictas de Kylmemoc et
de Beth ecclesiarum predictarum perpetuas vicarias cum omnibus iuribus
et pertinentiis suis, vobis et Monasterie vestro predicto in usus proprios in
perpetuum confirmarunt, salvo iure cuiuslibet alieno, prout hec in quodam
instrumento inde confecto, eorundem nuntiorum nostrorum sigillis munito,
cuius tenorem de verbo ad verbum presentibus inseri fecimus, plenius
continetur. Quare nobis humiliter supplicastis, ut cum verisimiliter dubita-
retur quod processu temporis predicta eorundem nuntiorum sigilla fiant
incognita, et quod interim vel post dicta eorum sigilla consumi poterant, vel
aliquo fortuito casu comimpi, que per dictos nuncios super premissis facta
sunt, ut prefertur, confirmare ex certa scientia dignaremur. Nos igitur huius-
modi supplicationibus, etc. ut in superiori. Tenor autem dicti instrumenti,
etc. Johannes Episcopus, etc.; ut supra Nr. coco. L.xxxvii. [page 143]. Datum
Avinione iiii. Nonas Novembris, Pontificatus nostri anno quartodecimo.

Post quarum Htterarum apostolicarum receptionem, cum dictus domi-
nus Abbas Monasterii de Kylwynin nomine suo, et Monasterii sui predicti
in ecclesia Glasguensi viii. Kal. Maii, anno gratie M.cco.tricesimo, in
presentia venerabilium virorum dominorum Walteri de Roule precentoris,
Roberti thesaurarii, lohannis Wischard, lohannis de Passelet, et Roberti
de S. Andrea (canonicorum) dicte ecclesie Glasguensis ecclesiarum litteras
patentes bene memorie domini Roberti dudum Episcopi Glasguensis super
donatione, et concessione Vicarie de Kylmemoc, cum litteris Capituli
ecclesie Glasguensis de consensu super huiusmodi donatione, necnon et
quasdam alias litteras patentes eorumdem Episcopi et Capituli super
collatione, sive traditione Vicarie de Beth Glasguensis diocesis in proprios
usus ipsius Monasterii factis, predictorum . . . Episcopi et Capituli
sigillis sigillatas, ut prima facie apparebat, ad informationem premissorum
nobis exhibuerit et presentaverit legendas, videndas et examinandas,
quarum omnium exhibitarum premissarum super hoc litterarum tenores de
verbo ad verbum successive secuntur. Tenor littere Episcopi super col-
latione Vicarie de Kylmernoc talis est.

RoBERTUS miseratione divina ecclesie Glasguensis minister humilis,
dilectis in Christo filiis religiosis viris . . . Abbati et Conventui de
Kylwynin nostre diocesis, salutem in domino. In nostra presentia vestra

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 159

petitio querulosa proposita continebat, quod propter diversa guerrarum
discrimina et frequentes incursus nialignantiiim sic ad summam inopiam
devenistis, ut ecclesie vestre destructe et possessiones attenuate vobis
alimenta tenuissima non 8u£Siciant ministrare : unde per bos vobis petistis
misericorditer subveniri, ut Vicariam de Kylmemoc vobis in proprios usus
in perpetuum concedi possidendam. Nos igitur vestre compatientes inopie,
ut ex patemo tenemur aflFectu, ad instantiam Serenissimi principis et
domini nostri domini Roberti dei gratia Regis Scotie lUustris, qui super
hoc nobis humiliter supplicavit, dictam Vicariam de Kylmemoc vobis et
Monasterio vestro in proprios usus imperpetuum possidendam per pre-
sentem concedimus et donamus : ita tamen, quod domino Ade Baity nuper
eiusdem Vicario, qui ob cecitatem oculorum factus inhabilis, dictam
Vicariam resignavit, pro tempore vite sue faciatis decenter secundum
statum suum in necessariis provideri, ac etiam omnia ordinaria et extra-
ordinaria, in quibus prius tenebatur ecclesia de Kylmernoc, imposterum
teneamini nichilominus exhibere. In cuius rei testimonium ad perpetuam
nostre concessionis et donationis firmitatem presentes Utteras sigilli nostri
munimine fecimus roborari. Datum Londonii vicesimo quarto die Martii,
anno gratie m.ccc.xii. Tenor littere consensu Capituli.

Omnibus sancte matris ecclesie filiis presens scriptum visuris vel
audituris, Vicegerens Venerabilis viri domini Rajonundi de Monteboerii,
Decani Glasguensis, in Curia Romana tunc degentis, et eiusdem loci
Capitulum, salutem in domino. Noveritis nos inspexisse ac veracter in-
tellexisse cartam Venerabilis patris domini Roberti dei gratia Glasguensis
Episcopi, factam Monasterio de Kylwynin et Monachis ibidem deo
servientibus super donatione Vicarie de Kylmemoc cum pertinentiis suis
eisdem Monasterio et Monachis in suos proprios usus concessa in perpetuum
in hec verba. Robertus miseratione divina ecclesie Glasguensis humilis
minister, etc. In nostra presentia, etc. fecimus roborari. Datum Londonii
vicesimo quarto Martii, anno gratie m.ccc.xii. Quam quidem donationem
et concessionem secundum tenorem superius annotatum de communi
consilio nostro et consensu, diligenti tractatu premisso pro nobis et
successoribus nostris in perpetuum ratificamus, approbamus et confirmamus.
Et ut ista nostra confirmatio plenam obtineat firmitatem presenti scripto
commune sigillum Capituli nostri fecimus apponi. Datum in Capitulo
nostro apud Glasguam, duodecimo Kal. Junii anno domini M.cco.xiii.

160 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

Item sequitur tenor littere Episcopi Glasguensis super donatione Vicaxie
de Beth. Robertus permissione divina Glasguensis ecclesie minister humilis
universis sancte matris ecclesie filiis presens scriptum visuris vel audituris,
salut. in domino. Noveritis nos divine caritatis intuito, ac utilitate ecclesie
diUgenter inspecta, diligenti tractatu premisso, de consensu Capituli nostri
Glasguensis dedisse, concessisse, et hac presenti carta nostra confirmasse
Monasterio Sancte Marie et Sancti Wynnini de Kylwynin in Cunigham, et
Abbati et Monachis ibidem deo servientibus et perpetuo servituris vicariam
de Beth in suos proprios usus cum omnibus comoditatibus, aisiamentis et
libertatibus ad dictam Vicariam pertinentibus, ad sustentationem pauperum
et ad hospitalitatem dicte domus sustentandam, tenendam et habendam
dicto Monasterio et dictis Monachis imperpetuum ita quiete, libere, plene, et
honorifice, sicut aliqua ecclesia seu Vicaria infra nostram diocesim in proprios
usus alicui Monasterio concessa tenetur, seu possidetur, salvo iure Episcopi
et Archidiaconi in omnibus. In cuius rei testimonium presenti scripto
sigillum nostrum est appensum. Datum apud Glasguam anno domini m.cc.
octuagesimosexto, die Martis proxima post translationem Sancti Thome
martiris, presentibus domino Waltero Eectore ecclesie de Kirkmichel, domino
David Capellano, domino Willelmo de Swineford, Magistro Henrico de
Cubiehath, et multis aliis. — Tenor littere confirmationis Capituli super
Vicaria de Beth.

Omnibus sancte Matris Ecclesie filiis presens scriptum visuris vel audi-
turis, Thomas Wischard Decanus ecclesie Glasguensis et eiusdem loci Capi-
tulum salutem in domino. Noveritis nos inspexisse ac veraciter intellixisse
cartam Venerabilis patris nostri Eoberti dei gratia Glasguensis Episcopi factam
Monasterio de Kylwynin et Monachis ibidem deo servientibus super dona-
tione Vicarie de Beth cum pertinentiis, eisdem Monasterio et Monachis in
suos proprios usus concessa imperpetuum in hec verba. Robertus permissione
divina Glasguensis ecclesie minister humiUs etc. ut supra. Quam quidem
donationem et concessionem, secundum tenorem superius annotatum, de
communi consilio nostro et assensu, diligenti tractatu premisso, pro
nobis et successoribus nostris imperpetuum ratificamus, et approbamus
et confirmamus : et ut ista nostra confirmatio plenam obtineat firmi-
tatem presenti scripto commune sigillum Capituli nostri fecimus apponi.

(Deest data.)

Quibus litteris apostolicis et aliis predictorum Episcopi et Capituli nobis

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 161

exhibitis, et presentatis dictus dominus Abbas nos cum instantia requisivit,
ut ad confirmationem predictarum Vicariarum proeedere deberemus, iuxta
traditam per Utteras apostolicas nobis formam. Nos igitur volentes man-
datum apostolicum nobis in hac parte directum ut filii obedientie reverenter
exequi, ut tenemur, supradictis omnibus litteris tam apostolicis, quam aliis
diligenter inspectis et examinatis et super negotio memorato deliberatione
prehabita diligenti, auctoritate apostolica nobis in hac parte commissa, dictas
de Kylmernoc et de Beth perpetuas Vicarias cum omnibus iuribus suis et
pertinentiis universis dictis Keligiosis, et eorum Monasterio predicto in usus
proprios in perpetuum confirmamus, salvo iure cuiusKbet aUeno. In quorum
omnium premissorum (testimonium) presentem confirmationem scribi fecimus
per Geraldum Marquesii notarium infrascriptum, et sigillorum nostrorum
appensione muniri. Datum et actum apud Glasguam in domo domini Wal-
teri de Tuwynam Rectoris ecclesie Glasguensis, prima die mensis Maii, anno
domini m.cccxxx. Pontificatus domini nostri lohannis divina providentia,
Pape XXII., anno quartodecimo. Presentibus dominis lohanne, etc. ut supra.
Nulli ergo etc. nostre confirmationis infringere, vel ei etc. Datum
Avinione Kalendas Aprilis, Pont, nostri anno decimoseptimo.

Abstract.

Letters of Confirmation by Pope John XXII., directed to the Abbot and
convent of the Monastery of St. Mary and St. Wynnin of Kilwinning,
in ratifying the gift made to them of the Churches of Kilmarnock and Beith,
proceeding on the narrative that David, King of Scotland, had informed him
that Robert, Bishop of Glasgow, to relieve the poverty of the Monastery,
had granted to them, with consent of his chapter, the perpetual vicarages of
the Churches of Kilmarnock and of Beith, in the diocese of Glasgow, of which
they had formerly the presentation of the vicars ; and the Pope, willing to
grant the request of King David to confirm the same, had empowered Ber-
trand Cariti, archdeacon of the Church of Lavaur, and Rajonund de Quercu,
canon of the Church of Langres, his nuncios in Scotland, to confirm what the
bishop had done in the premises ; and the nuncios finding on examination
the writs authentic, and everything in order, confirmed the same, as con-
tained more fully in the instrument engrossed ; and the abbot and convent
asked the apostolic confirmation, lest in process of time the ,seals of the

162 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A fflSTORY OF

mincios should become unknown. Which request the Pope was willing
to grant, and therefore confirmed the said gift with apostolic authority.
The Instrument of Confirmation narrates that after reading the foregoing
apostolic letter, the Abbot of the Monastery of Kilw inning ^ in his own name
and that of the Monastery, in the Church of Glasgow, on the 24th day of
April 1330, in presence of Walter of Roule, precentor of the Church of
Glasgow, and other canons, presented and exhibited to the nuncios afore-
said, for their examination, the following letters-patent, which are engrossed
at length : —

1. Letters Patent by Eobert, Bishop of Glasgow, granting to the Abbot
and Convent of Kilwinning, in order to alleviate their distress occasioned
by the wars, etc., and at the request of Eobert, King of Scotland, the
vicarage of Kilmarnock, for their proper uses, reserving a decent sustenance
for Sir Adam Baity, late vicar, who had resigned owing to blindness.
Given at London 24th March 1312.

2. Letters of Confirmation by the vicegerent of Sir Raymund de Monte-
boerii, dean of Glasgow, then at the Court of Rome, and the Chapter of
Glasgow, ratifying the preceding gift and grant. Given in the Chapter-
house of Glasgow 21st May 1313.

3. Letters Patent by Robert, Bishop of Glasgow, with consent of the
Chapter, granting to the Monastery of Kilwinning in Cunninghame, and the
abbot and monks there, the vicarage of Beith, for their proper uses, to
uphold the poor, and maintain hospitality, reserving the episcopal and
archdiaconal rights. Given at Glasgow the Tuesday after the Translation
of Thomas the Martyr [7 July] 1286.

4. Letters of Confirmation by Thomas Wischard, dean of the Church of
Glasgow, and Chapter thereof, confirming the above gift of the vicarage of
Beith (date wanting).

And the nuncios having seen and examined these letters, at the request
of the abbot confirmed with apostolic authority, according to the power given
to them by the apostolic letters, the perpetual vicarages of Kilmarnock and
Beith to the Monastery of Kilwinning. The nuncios' confirmation is
written by Gerald Marquesii, notary, and confirmed with the nuncios' seals,
and is dated at Glasgow, in the house of Sir Walter of Tuwynan, rector of
the Church of Glasgow, 1st May 1330, and the Pope's confirmation is
dated Avignon 1st April [1333].

THE MONASTERY OP KILWINNING. 163

17. Eidem Ahhati donatio per comitem de Menetheht de iure patronatris
parochialis ecclesiae de Kilmachormant Ergadiensis dioecem facta
confirmatur, inserto eiusdem comitis donationis instrumerUo.
Ibidem Epist. 1524.— [1333.]^

loHAi^NES Episcopus, etc. Dilectis filiis . . . Abbati et Conventui
Monasterii de Kylwynin etc. salutem etc. Quamvis ea etc. ut supra. Sane
dudum Carissimo in Christo filio nostro David Rege Scotie Illustri, nobis
intimante, quod quondam Walterus Comes de Menetheht, dum vitam ageret
in humanis, pro sue et uxoris et antecessormn et successorum suorum ani-
marum salute, ius patronatus, quod idem Comes tunc habebat in parrochiali
ecclesia de Kilmachormant in Cnapedale, cum Capellis Sancte Marie in
Cnapedale et sancti Michaelis in Inwerlaxo cum tribus denariatis terre in
Riventos eidem ecclesie annexis, Ergadiensis diocesis vobis concesserat in
perpetuum et donaverat : et quod postmodum venerabilis frater noster
Andreas Episcopus Ergadiensis, paupertati et tenuitate reddituum mense
communis dicti vestri Monasterii qui ad sustentationem personarum degen-
tium in eodem, et ad hospitalitatem solitam exercendam, et alia eidem incum-
bentia onera supportanda non sufficere noscebatur, pie compatiens, eandem
ecclesiam cum annexis ac omnibus iuribus et pertinentiis eorumdem,
dilectorum filiorum Capituli sue ecclesie Ergadiensis super hoc inter-
veniente consensu, vobis et Monasterio vestro in usus proprios ad
sustentationem vestram tradiderat imperpetuum et concesserat, reservata
perpetuo Vicario inibi servituro de proventibus eiusdem ecclesie congrua
portione ex qua possit congrue sustentari, Episcopalia iura solvere
et alia sibi incumbentia onera supportare, prout in patentibus litteris
inde confectis dictorum Comitis, Episcopi et Capituli sigillis munitis
dicebatur plenius contineri. Nos ad ipsius David Regis supplica-
tionem dilectis filiis Bertrando Cariti Archidiacono Vauriensis et R. de
Quercu Canonico Lingonensis ecclesiarum, tunc in Regno Scotie nostris
et Apostolice sedis nuntiis, nostris dedimus litteris in mandatis ut si pre-
dicta ita esse reperirent, quod per eosdem Comitem et Episcopum ac
Capitulum super illis factum erat, auctoritate nostra confirmare curarent,
iure tamen cuiusUbet alterius in omnibus semper salvo, Tenorem dictarum

1 Vatican MSS., No. 604.

164 COLLECTIONS TOWAEDS A HISTORY OF

litterarum Comitis, Episcopi ac Capituli huiusmodi confirmationis eorum
litteris inserendo, ac Contradictores auctoritate nostra, appellatione post-
posita, compescendo. Dicti namque nuntii fonnam ipsarum Utterarum
nostrarum exacta diligentia observaDtes quia inspectis et examinatis per eos
tarn nostris, quam Comitis, Episcopi ac Capituli eorumdem litteris antedictis,
premissa invenerunt legitime ita esse, prout nobis fuerant per Regem
exposita memoratum, deliberatione super negotio predict© prehabita dili-
genti, auctoritate apostolica eis in hac parte commissa, dictam ecclesiam de
Kilmachormant cum omnibus iuribus et pertinentiis suis vobis, ac vestro
Monasterio supradicto in usus proprios imperpetuum confirmarunt, salvo
iure cuiuslibet alieno, prout hoc in quodam instrumento publico inde con-
fecto, eorumdem nuntiorum nostrorum sigillis munito, cuius tenorem de
verbo ad verbum presentibus inseri fecimus, plenius continetur. Quare
nobis humiliter supplicastis, ut cum difficiliter dubitaretur, quod processu
temporis predicta eorumdem nuntiorum sigilla fitot incognita, et quod
interim vel post dicta eorum sigilla consumi poterunt, vel aliquo fortuito
casu corumpsi, que per eosdem nuntios facta sunt super liiis, ut prefertur,
confirmare ex certa scientia dignaremur. Nos igitur huiusmodi vestris
supplicationibus inclinati, premissa omnia per dictos nuntios super hiis, ut
predicitur, facta rata et grata habentes, ilia auctoritate apostolica ex certa
scientia confirmamus et presentis scripti patrocinio communimus. Tenor
autem dicti instrumenti eorumdem nuntiorum talis est.

Universis sancte Matris Ecclesie filiis, ad quos presentes littere perven-
erint, Bertrandus Cariti archidiaconus Vauriensis et Raymundus de Quercu
Canonicus Lingonensis ecclesiarum, in Regno Scotie sedis apostolice nuntii
delegati, salutem in domino. Noveritis mandatum sanctissimi in Christo
patris et domini nostri domini lohannis divina providentia pape XXIL, non
vitiatum etc. nos recepisse cum ea qua decuit reverentia in hec verba,
lohannes Episcopus etc. Dilectis filiis Bertrando Cariti et R. de Quercu
etc. ; Petitio Carissimi in Christo filii nostri David Regis Scotie etc. ut supra,
Nr. Dii. [pag. 150]. Datum Avinione rv. Nonas Novembris. P. n. anno xiv.

Cum igitur . . • Abbas etc., usque litteras patentes Nobilis viri domini
Walteri dudum Comitis de Menetheht super advocatione et iure patronatus
ecclesie de Ejiapedale, ac etiam litteras patentes venerabilis patris domini
Andree Episcopi Ergadiensis consensum sui Capituli continentes super con-
cessione predicte ecclesie de Knapedale Ergadiensis diocesis sibi, et Monas-

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 165

terio suo in usus proprios facte ad informationem premissorum nobis exhi-
buerit inspiciendas, videndas et examinandas : quarum litterarum tenores
per ordinem subsecuntur. Tenor littere Comitis taKs est.

Sciant presentes et futuri, quod ego Waltekus Senior Comes de Mentheth
dedi, concessi, et hac presenti carta mea confirmavi deo, et Monasterio sancte
Marie et sancti Wynnini de Kylwynin in Cumingham, et Monachis ibidem
deo servientibus et perpetuo servituris ecclesiam de Kylmachornat in Knape-
dale, cum capellis Sancte Marie in Cuapro et sancti Michaelis in Inwerlaxo,
et cum tribus denariatis terre in Riventos eidem ecclesie de Kylmachormat
annexis, et cum omnimodis aliis commoditatibus ad dictam ecclesiam cum
capellis suis de iure pertinentibus, vel futuris temporibus quocumque modo
pertinere valentibus in puram et perpetuam elemosinam divine caritatis
intuitu et pro salute anime mee et domine Marie quondam sponse mee
Comitisse de Menetheht, et animabus omnium antecessorum meorum et suc-
cessorum. Ego vero Walterus et heredes mei ecclesiam predictam de Kylma-
chomat cum omnibus predictis pertinentiis suis et libertatibus, predictis
Monasterio et Monachis contra omnes homines et feminas imperpetuum
garantizabimus et defendemus In cuius rei testimonium presenti carte
sigillum meum apposui, hiis testibus dominis lohanne Senescallo, lohanne de
Soulis, Andrea Kras, Ingerramo de Henka Wille, Reginaldo de Crauford
militibus, Alexandro de Menetheht et Johanne filiis meis, Magistro Gilberto
de Templeton, et multis aliis. (Deest data.)

Tenor littere concessionis Episcopi de consensu sui Capituli talis est.
Frater Andreas permissione divina Ergadiensis ecclesie minister humilis,
Reverendo et discreto viro domino Ade Dei gratia Abbati Monasterii de
Kylwynin ordinis Turonensis, necnon et eiusdem Monasterii Conventui deo
servientibus et in perpetuum servitutis, salutem et gratiam salvatoris. Com-
patientes vestre communis mense non modice paupertati, que non sufficit,
prout asseritis, ad vestram sustentationem in divinis obsequiis, et ad re-
spondendum de hospitalitate et aliis oneribus incumbentibus, sicut lex
exigit caritatis, supplicatoriis vestris devotis precibus inclinati, habita de-
liberatione consilii de communi assensu nostri Capituli vobis dispensative
duximus concedendum et concedimus per presentes, ut fructus et obventiones,
qui ad Rectorem pertinere dignoscuntur in ecclesia sancti Trechani in
Cnapodel cum capellis eiusdem nostre diocesis, possitis convertere in usus
vestros ad sustentationem vestre communis mense, salva carta nostra Epis-

166 COLLECTIONS TOWAEDS A HISTORY OF

copali, salvaque portione Vicarii in ecclesia memorata. In cuius rei testi-
monium sigUlum nostrum una cum sigiUo dicti Capituli nostri est appensum.
Datum apud nostram ecclesiam Cathedralem in octabis s. Martini Episcopi
gloriosi, Anno domini M.ccc. vicesimoseptimo.

Quibus litteris apostolicis ac aliis predictorum dominorum Comitis,
Episcopi et Capituli sigillorum eorum sigillatis, ut prima facie apparebat nobis
exhibitis et presentatis, dictus dominus Abbas nos cum instantia requisivit ut
ad confirmationem predictam procedere deberemus iuxta traditam per ipsas
litteras apostolicas nobis formam. Nos igitur volentes mandatum apostoUcum
nobis in hac parte directimi ut filii obedientie exequi, ut tenemur, supradictis
omnibus Uteris inspectis et examinatis, et super negotio memorato delibera-
tione prehabita diligenti, auctoritate apostolica nobis in hac parte commissa
dictam ecclesiam de Kybnachormant, cum omnibus iuribus suis et pertin-
entiis universis dictis religiosis, et eorum Monasterio predicto in usus pro-
prios imperpetuum confirmamus, salvo iure cuiuslibet alien o. In quorum
omnium testimonium premissorum presentem confirmationem scribi fecimus
per Geraldum Marquesii notarium infrascriptum et sigillorum nostrorum
appensione muniri. Datum et actum apud Glasguam in domo domini
Walteri de Tuwynam Eectoris ecclesie eiusdem Glasguensis, prima die
mensis Maii, Anno dni m.ccc.xxx. Pontificatus domini nostri, dni lohannis
divina providentia pape XXIL, anno quartodecimo. Presentibus dominis
Johanne de Passeleto Canonico Glasguensi, Malcolmo de Canedi Vicario
ecclesie Glasguensis, Guillelmo de Carry Rectore ecclesie de Kenen, et fratre
Johanne Dalgarnot Monacho dicti Monasterii testibus ad premissa vocatis
specialiter et rogatis. Constat michi de rasuris suprascriptis in decima
octava et decimanona ac vicesima lineis. Datum ut supra. Et ego Geraldus
Marquesii clericus Vabrensis diocesis, publicus auctoritate apostolica notarius,
de mandato ipsorum dominorum Bertrandi Cariti et Raymundi de Quercu
sedis apostolice nunciorum predictam confirmationem, et omnia et singula
in ea contenta manu mea propria scripsi, et in banc publicam formam redegi,
signoque meo solito signavi requisitus : Et ego Guillelmus GauMdi clericus
Caturcensis diocesis, auctoritate apostolica notarius, qui de premissis omnibus
notam recepi, huic instrumento me subscripsi et signimi meum apposui ad
maiorem roboris firmitatem.

Nulli ergo etc. nostre confirmationis infringere etc. Datum Avinione Kal.
Aprilis, Pontificatus nostri anno decimoseptimo.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 167

Abstract.

Letters by Pope John XXII., whereby he confirmed and ratified all that
was done by his nuncios in confirming to the Monastery of Ealwinning the
patronage of the Church of S. Charmaig, etc., as contained in the nuncios'
Instrument of Confirmation thereupon: the confirmation of the nuncios
being granted on the information, and at the request, of David, King of Scot-
land, and by the Pope on the request of the abbot and convent. The letters
contain —

1. Instrument of Confirmation by Bertrand Cariti, archdeacon of the
Church of Lavaur, and Eaymond de Quercu, canon of the Church of Langres,
nuncios delegate of the Apostolic See in Scotland, whereby, in obedience
to the command contained in the letters of Pope John XXII., dated at
Avignon [2d November 1329], having seen, inspected, and examined the
following letters, presented to them by the Abbot : —

2. Charter by Walter, Earl of Menteth, to God and the Monastery of St.
Mary and St. Wynnin of Kilwinning in Cunninghame, and the monks there,
of the Church of S. Charmaig in Knapdale, with the chapels of St. Mary
in [Knapdale] and St Michael in Inverlussa, with three penny lands in Eiven-
tos, annexed to the said Church of S. Charmaig, with all else belonging
thereto, in pure almsgift, and this for the weal of his own soul, the soul of
Lady Mary,^ sometime his spouse. Countess of Menteth, and the souls of
his predecessors and successors. Witnesses, Sir John Stewart, John of
Soulis, Andrew Kjras, Ingelram of Henka Wille, Eeginald of Crauford,
knights, etc. (Date wanting.)

3. Letters of Grant by Andrew, minister or bishop of the Church of
Argyle, directed to Adam, Abbot of the Monastery of Kilwinning, of the
Turonensian order, and Convent of the Monastery, whereby, in commisera-
tion of the poverty of their common table, which, as they asserted, was not
sufficient to maintain them in divine service and answer hospitality and
other burdens, as the law of charity required, with common consent of his
chapter he grants to them the fruits and obventions known to pertain to the
rector of the Church of St. Trechan, in Knapdale, with the chapels thereof,

^ The Lady Mary was the younger daughter of Mauritiufi, Earl of Menteth. — Wood's Dougla^
Peerage, voL ii. p. 224.

168 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

ill the diocese of Argyle, to be converted to their proper uses, for the main-
tenance of their common table, under reservation of the bishop's rights, and
portion of the vicar in the said church. Given at the Cathedral Church on
the octaves of St. Martin the Bishop, 1327. And sealed with the seals of the
bishop and of the chapter.

Which apostolic letters, and letters of the earl and bishop and chapter,
being presented to the nuncios, and examined by them, the abbot requested
them to proceed to confirmation ; and they accordingly confirmed to the
abbot and convent the foresaid Church of S. Charmaig, with all the rights
belonging thereto. And in witness thereof they appended their seals to the
present confirmation written by Gerald Marquesii, notary. Done at Glasgow
in the house of Sir Walter of Twynam, rector of the Church of Glasgow.
1st May 1330.

The confirmation by the Pope is dated at Avignon 1st April [1333].

18. Confirmado cartarum Monasterii de Kilwynnyn.'—\Circa 1357.]^

Dauid Dei gracia Rex Scotorum omnibus probis hominibus tocius
terre sue clericis et laicis salutem. Sciatis nos inspexisse ac veraciter intel-
lexisse, ' duas cartas, vnam videlicet Johannis de Meneteeth domini de
Arane et de Knapdall et aliam Johannis de Maxwell domini eiusdem,
non rasas non abolitas non cancellatas nee in aliqua sui parte viciatas,
Religiosis viris abbati et monachis de Kylvynnyne factas, carta vero
Johannis de Menetethe, tenor sequitur et est talis : Omnibus sancte
matris ecclesie filiis presentibus et futuris, presens scriptum visuris vel
audituris. Johannes de Menethet dominus de Arane et de Elnapdall
salutem in Domino sempitemam. Sciatis me pro salute anime mee, et
Katherine quondam sponse mee et pro salute animarum antecessorum
et successorum nostrorum dedisse concessisse et hac presenti carta mea
confirmasse Deo et beate Marie virgini et beato Wynnyno ac Monas-
terio de Kylvynnyne in Conynghame abbati et monachis ibidem Deo
seruientibus et in perpetuum seruituris jus patronatus et aduocacionis eccle-
siarum Sancte Marie et Sancte Brigide insule de Arane cum suis capelUs
et cum omnibus aliis commoditatibus ad dictas ecclesias cum capellis et

^ Registrum Magni SigiUi, p. 33, lib. i. No. 86. Record edition, p. 33, No. 86.

Robertson's Index, p. 76, n. 86.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNINa 169

terris suis de jure pertinentibus vel futuris temporibus quoquomodo
pertinere valentibus. Tenendum et habendum dicto monasterio et mona-
cbis predictis inperpetuum cum justis pertinentis suis in liberam puram
et perpetuam elemosinam adeo libere pure quiete et honorifice sicut
aliqua elemosina in Regno Scoeie alicui monasterio sen pio loco dari
potent vel concedi saluo rectorum ecclesiarum dictarum jure qui nunc
sunt donee cedant vel decedant In cuius Rei testimonium sigillum meum
presenti carte mee aposui hiis Testibus domino Beano, rectore ecclesie
Sancte Marie de Arane, Willelmo de Foulartoun, Cristino M*Nawycli,
Comedino medico, Hugone filio Johannis, Buano Were, Roberto Boyman,
Thoma de Infirmitorio et multis aliis. Datum in monasterio predicto.
xij** die mensis Octobris Anno domini miUesimo Trecentesimo quinqua-
gesimo septimo. Tenor vero secunde carte, videlicet, Johannis de Maxwell
sequitur in hunc modum : Sciant omnes tam presentes quam futuri quod
Ego Johannes de Maxwell dominus eiusdem dedi concessi et hac presenti
carta mea confirmaui diuine pietatis intuitu pro salute anime mee et
Cristiane sponse mee Et pro salute anime patris mei et matris mee et
animarum omnium antecessorum et successorum meorum Deo et monas-
terio Marie Sancte et Sancti Wynnyni de Kylvynnyne in Conyng-
hame et monachis ibidem Deo seruientibus et inperpetuum seruituris
In puram et perpetuam elemosinam Jus patronatus seu aduocacionum
ecclesie de Libirtoun cum vna acra terre mee iuxta terram ecclesie post
concessam, quam acram Ego coram pluribus perambulaui et eisdem assignaui
et omnimodo libertatibus commoditatibus et iustis pertinenciis ad predic-
tam ecclesiam de jure pertinentibus vel futuris temporibus pertinere valenti-
bus saluo jure domini Roberti de Glene rectoris eiusdem qui nunc est
quousque cedat vel decedat seu aliquo alio modo de jure fuerit amotus.
Tenendum et habendum prefatis monasterio et monachis inperpetuum Ita
libere quiete plene et honorifice, sicut aliqua elemosina alicui monasterio
infra regnum Scoeie data vel concessa liberius quiecius plenius et hono-
rificencius tenetur aut possidetur In cuius rei testimonium presenti carte
mee sigillum meum apposui hiis Testibus domino Roberto senescallo
Scoeie Mauricio de Morauie/ Johanne Senescallo domino de Peristoun,*

^ Maurice de Moravia had a grant of the ' A descendant of the James Stewart of Peiis-
Wardship of Walter Comyn of Rowallan from ton, who was killed at the battle of Halidon HiU
David 11. — Paterson's Hitt, of Ayr, vol. ii p. 183. in 1333. — Robertson's Ayr. Fam,, vol. i. p. 11.

170

COLLECTIONS TOWAEDS A HISTOEY OF

Johanne de Lyndesay domino de Cragyne/ Hugone domino de Eglyntoun
militibus, Godfrido domino de Ardrossuane* Alano Cambell, Hugone del
Blare * et Johanne fratre suo et multis aliis. Quasquidem Cartas, etc.

Abstract.

Confirmation by King David the Second of (1) Charter by John of
Menteth, lord of Arran and Knapdale/ whereby, for the weal of his own
soul, and of the soul of Katherine his late spouse, etc., he granted to the
monastery of Kilwinning in Cuninghame, and to the abbot and monks
thereof, the right of patronage and advocation of the Churches of St.
Mary and St. Bride in the Island of Airran, in perpetual alms ; dated at the
said monastery 12 th October 1357: (2) Charter by John of Maxwell of
that ilk, whereby, for his own soul and that of his wife Christian, and for the
souls of his father and mother, etc., he granted to the Abbot and Convent
of Kilwinning the right of patronage or advocation of the Church of
Liberton, with one acre of land near the said church, which acre the
granter * perambulated before many witnesses ; with all the liberties and
just pertinents pertaining to the said church, saving the right of Sir Robert
of Glene, present rector thereof, until he should resign or die.

1 9. Monasterio de Kilwenyne ordinis s. Benedicti Glasguensis dioecesis con-
Jirmatur donatio mrispatronatics in quibusdam ecclesiis a nonnullis
nohilibus ipsi facta. — Reg. Tom. xv. cod. chart, fol. 361. — [1372.]^

Gregokius Episcopus, etc. Dilectis filiis . . . Abbati et Conventui
Monasterii de Kilwenyne ordinis sancti Benedicti Glasguensis diocesis,

^ The heiress of Lindsay of Craigie married
Wallace of Richardton about 1371, and the
property passed into the possession of that family.
— Crawford's Benfrewshire (1818), p. 86 ; Chal-
mers' Caledonia, iii. p. 512.

* He died in 1377. — Memorials of the Movt-
gomeries, Earls of Eglinton (1859), p. 16.

* Robertson's Ayrshire Families (1823), voL L
p. 11 ; vol. iii p. 376.

^ Said to have been the son of Roger de Blair,
who had a charter from Robert I. — Beg, Mag.
Sig. 10-50.

^ John de Menteth was the second son of the
John de Menteth on whom was conferred in

1310 the Lordship of Enapdale. — M'Arthur's
Antiquities of Arran (1873), p. 136. The
lands of Knapdale were granted in 1353 to
Archibald Campbell, Lord of Lochaw. — Hist.
MSS. Commission, Fourth Report, p. 476.
The original charter was granted during the
reign of David II. — ^Robertson's Index, p. 49,
No. 1.

* It is not certain how John de Maxwell of
Maxwell came to have a right to the patronage
of Liberton, which was, according to Chalmers
{Caledoniay iii p. 751), in the possession of the
Somerville family from the reign of David II. to
1603. 7 Vatican MSS., No. 698.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNINa 171

salutem etc. Devotionis vestre sinceritas, quam ad nos et Romanam geritis
ecclesiam, vestreque religionis honestas, sub qua in humilitatis spiritu
devotum deo exhibetis obsequium, promeretur, ut vos et Monasterium
vestrum favore benivolo prosequentes, petitiones vestras, quantum cum deo
possumus, ad exauditionis gratiam admittamus. Exhibita siquidem nobis
nuper pro parte vestra petitio continebat quod olim dilecti filii nobiles viri
lohannes de Menthet dominus loci de Aran sancte Marie et sancte Brigide
Insule de Aran, et lohannes Maxwelle dominus loci de Maxwelle de
Liberton ecclesiarum Sodorensis et Glasguensis diocesum, veri patroni
existentes in pacifica possessione vel quasi iuris presentandi Rectores ad
dictas ecclesias, ius patronatus ipsarum ecclesiarum ad ipsos divisim perti-
nentes, ad omnipotentis dei laudem et gloriam, et pro suarum et prede-
cessorum et successorum suorum animarum remedio et salute, vobis in
perpetuum dederunt et concesserunt, ac in vos penitus transtulerunt, prout
in quibusdam patentibus litteris inde confectis, dictorum nobilium sigiUis
munitis, dicitur plenius contineri. Quare pro parte vestra fuit nobis
humiliter supplicatum, ut premissis apostoUce confirmationis robur adicere
de benignitate apostoUca dignaremur. Nos igitur huiusmodi supplicationibus
inclinati, donationem et concessionem, ac translationem predictas ratas et
gratas habentes, illas auctoritate apostoUca de speciali gratia tenore pre-
sentium confirmamus et presentis scripti patrocinio communimus, supplentes
omnem defectum, si quis forsan intervenerit in eisdem, de apostoKce
plenitudine potestatis. NuUi ergo, etc., nostre confirmationis infiingere etc.
Datum Avinione vn. Kal. Decembris, Pontificatus nostri anno secundo.

Abstbact.

Letters of Pope Gregory XI. directed to the Abbot and Convent of
the Monastery of Eolwinning, of the order of St. Benedict, in the diocese
of Glasgow ; whereby, in answer to a Petition addressed to him by them,
bearing that the late noble men, John of Menteth, lord of the place of Arran,
and John Maxwell, lord of the place of Maxwell, patrons respectively of
the Churches of St. Mary and St. Bridget, of the isle of Airran, and of
Liberton, in the dioceses of Sodor and Glasgow, and having the right of
presenting rectors to the said churches, had for the glory of Almighty God,
and the weal of their souls and the souls of their predecessors and successors,
granted and transferred the right of patronage of the said churches to the

172 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

foresaid abbot and convent by their letters patent ; and asking confirmation
of the same ; the Pope accordingly confirmed and ratified the gift, grant, and
translation, with his apostolic authority. Given at Avignon, 25th November
[1372].

20. Confirmation by Robert II. of the grants formerly made to the Abbot

and Convent of Kilwinning y of the lands of Kilwinning and Beith.
Given at Arnele, 9th March 1390. — [See p. 175.]

21. Confirmation by Robert III. of the above Charter. The king also

annexed the lands of Scryverlands and Liandcorse to the regality of
Kilwinning. Dated at Dundonaldy 26th Feb. 1393. — [See p. 176.]

22. Declaration by Adam, Abbot of Kilwinning and convent thereof of

their acceptance of Thomas^ Prior of Whithorn and convent thereof
as Debtors in a pension of tjvelve Merhs due by the Abbot and
Convent of Dryburgh from the Church of Lauder [\6th June 1426].^

Pateat vniuersis per presentes nos Adam permission e divina Abba-
tem Monasterij de Kylwenyne et eiusdem loci conuentum pro nobis et
successoribus nostris recepisse venerabilem in Christo patrem ac dominum
dominum Thomam eadem permissione divina ecclesie Cathedralis candide
case priorem et eiusdem loci conventum nee non et eorundem successores
nobis veros atque perpetuos debitores pro quadam annuali pensione duodecim
marcarum nobis debita annuatim per Abbatem et conuentum Monasterij
de Driburgh de ecclesia de Lawader Sancti Andree diocesis de qua quidem
annuali pensione predicta dicte ecclesie Lawader Abbatem et conuentum
predictos de Dryburgh et eorum successores pro nobis et successoribus
nostris quietos imperpetuum clamamus per presentes Ita quod nos dicti
abbas et conuentus de Kylwenyne et successores nostri a predictis Abbate
et conuentu Monasterij de Driburgh et eonun successoribus de predicta
ecclesia de Lawader aliquod jus vel clameum nullatenus imperpetuum
exigere poterimus vel requirere sed ab omni jure vel clameo p[redicte
eccles]ie de Laweder simus exclusi imperpetuum per presentes. In quorum

^ Appendix to the Begiiter of Dryburgh^ p. 277.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 173

omnium et singulorum fidem adhibendam et testimonium sigillum nostrum

commune presentibus est appensum. Apud Monasterium nostrum de

Kilwennyne decimo sexto die mensis Junij Anno Domini Millesimo cccc™®

vicesimo sexto.

Abstract.

Declaration by Adam,^ Abbot of the Monastery of Kilwinning, and the
convent of the same place, that for themselves and successors, they have
accepted Thomas, Prior of the cathedral church of Whithorn, and convent
of the same, and their successors, as true and perpetual debtors for a certain
annual pension of twelve merks due yearly by the Abbot and Convent of
Dryburgh from the Church of Lauder of Saint Andrew's diocese, and
exonerating the said abbot and convent thereof for ever. In testimony of
which their common seal is attached to these presents at the Monastery of
Kilwinning, the 16th of June, a.d. 1426.

23. Carte Ade Ahbatis de Kilwinning depatronatu de Libertoun.

[2Uh July 1429.]*

Uniuersis et singulis presentes literas visuris vel audituris Adam permis-
sione diuina Abbas Monasterii de Kylwynyne ordinis Sancti Benedicti Glas-
guensis diocesis ac ejusdem loci conuentus, salutem in omnium saluatore.
Noueritis nos in honorem Dei et Sancti Kentegemi confessoris ac ad aug-
mentacionem Diuini cultus ecclesie Glasguensis in capitulo nostro super hoc
diuersis vicibus congregato solemni tractatu prehabito. dedisse concessisse et
per has nostras presentes literas confirmasse Deo et Beato Kentegemo ac
Decano et capitulo dicte ecclesie Glasguensis jus patronatus ecclesie paro-
chialis de Libertoun dicte diocesis Glasguensis ac totum jus presentacionis
ordinacionis seu cujuscumque alterius disposicionis quod nobis et dicto
monasterio nostro de jure et consuetudine dinoscitur pertinere. Tenendum
et habendum dictum jus patronatus dicte ecclesie de Libertoun prefatis
Decano et capitulo ecclesie Glasguensis cum omnibus juribus suis et perti-
nenciis vt premittitur in perpetuum. In cujus rei testimonium sigillum
nostri commune capituli presentibus est appensum apud Monasterium
nostrum de Kilwynyne antedictum xxiv die mensis Julij anno Domini
mccccxxix.

^ Adam Spark became Abbot about 1408, and was alive in 1429.
*Eegi9trtim Olcuguense^ voL iL p. 321, No. 333.

174 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

Abstract.

Charter by Adam, Abbot of Kilwinning, with consent of the chapter
thereof, deliberating in solemn assembly, in favour of the dean and chapter
of the Church of Glasgow, granting to them, in honour of St. Kentigem,
and for increase of divine worship in the said church, the right of patronage
and presentation of the parish church of Libertoun, in the diocese of Glas-
gow : Dated, and sealed with the common seal of the chapter, at Kilwinning
Abbey, 24th July 1429.

24. Grant hy James III. of the power of holding Chamberlain Courts upon

their own lands for the tenants and inhabitants thereof; and giving
one free acre^ extending from the hum of Corsehill to the end of
the Bridge of Kilwinning y for this purpose. Given at Edinburgh
8th January 1472. — [Seep. 176.]

25. Action between the Abbot and Convent of Kilwinning and Robert

Montgomery and others. — \\Oth December 1482.]^

The actoune and Cause betuix the abbot* and convent of Kilwinnyng, one
the ta parte aganis Eobert Montgumry sone and ayre to umquhile Wilyaim
Montgumry of Giffin* knycht Johne of Montgumry his bruther Alex'
Montgumry Willyaim Montgumry and James Ker for the wrangwise dis-
tructioune and dovnecastin of the fosse and dikis of the loch callit Loch-
brand * pertenyng to the sadis abbot and convent as was allegit. and for
thare costis skaithis and expensis sustenit therethrow. Is continewit be
the lordis auditoris to the xj day of Januar next tocum with continua-
tioune of dayis in the sammyn forme and effect as it now is. And ordanis
that the witnes now takin be closit and kepit to the saide day and that
lettres be gevin to the saidis abbot and convent to summond ma witnes
geif thai ony haue and that the Remanent of the personis being absent be

^ Acta Dominorum Auditorumy p. 104. ^ For account of this family, see Dobie's

Pont, p. 145.

* William, second son of Sir Thomas Boyd of * This loch, now drained, was situated on
Kilmarnock, by Joanna, daughter of Sir John the lands of Boghall, in the parish of Beith. —
Montgomerie of Ardrossan. Dobie's Font, p. 95.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 175

summond to here the sade witnes sworn and the sadis abbot and convent
and Robert Montgumry being personally present, ar summond apud acta.

26. Carta Conjirmacionis Ahbatis et Conuentus Monasterii de Kilwynnyne.

[6th July 1498.]'

Jacobus Dei gracia Rex Scotorum Omnibus probis hominibus tocius
terre sue clericis et laicis salutem Sciatis nos quasdam cartas inferius inser-
tas per nobilissimos predecessores nostros ac per quondam serenissimum
pateem nostrum bone memorie quorum animabus propicietur Deus de libera
regalia concessa monasterio nostro de Kilwynning et de itineribus camerarie
super propriis terris dicti nostri monasterii ac tenentibus et inhabitantibus
earundem de mandato nostro visas lectas inspectas et diligenter examinatas
sanas integras non rasas non cancellatas nee in aliquibus earum partibus
suspectas ad plenum intellexisse sub hiis formis : Robertus Dei gracia Rex
Scotorum Omnibus probis hominibus tocius terre sue clericis et laicis salu-
tem Sciatis nos quandam cartam recolende memorie Domini Roberti Dei
gracia Rex Scotorum illustris progenitoris nostri confectam Deo et beate
Marie virgini et beato Wynnino ac abbati et conuentui monasterii de Kil-
wynning de mandato nostro visam lectam inspectam et deligenter examina-
tam sanam integram non rasam non cancellatam nee in aliqua sui parte
viciatam inspexisse et veraciter intellexisse ad plenum de verbo ad verbum
sub hac forma : Robertus Dei gracia Rex Scotorum Omnibus probis homini-
bus tocius terre sue clericis et laicis salutem Sciatis nos de consensu et
aasensu carissimi primogeniti nostri Johannis comitis de Carrik senescalli
Scocie dedisse concessisse et hac presenti carta nostra confirmasse pro salute
anime nostre et animarum omnium antecessorum et successorum nostrorum
regum Scocie Deo et beate virgini Marie ac beato Wynnino ac abbati et
conuentui monasterii de Kilwynning quod ipsi et eorum successores imper-
petuum teneant et possideant omnes terras suas baroniarum suarum de Kil-
wynning et de Bethe cum pertinentiis cum omnibus et singulis libertatibus
commoditatibus asiamentis cum molendinis multuris et eorum sequelis ac
eciam cum omnibus aliis justis pertinentiis ad dictas baronias spectantibus
seu juste spectare valentibus in futurum prout ipsas baronias cum pertinen-
tiis hactenus iuste et pacifice tenuerunt in liberam regaliam Adeo libere et

^ BegiHrvm Magni Sigilli, lib. 13, No. 617.

176 COLLECTIONS TOWAEDS A HISTORY OF

quiete plenarie integre et honorifice sicut aliqua Eegalia cuicunque monas-
terio Regni nostri per nos aut antecessores nostros reges Scocie liberiua con-
ceditur seu datur In cuius Rei testimonium presenti carte nostre nostrum
precepimus apponi sigillum Testibus venerabilibus in Christo patribus Wal-
ter© et Johanne Sanctiandree et Dunkeldensis ecclesiarum episcopis can-
cellario nostro Johanne primogenito nostro de Carrik senescallo Scotie
Roberto de FiflFe et de Menteth filio nostro dilecto Archibaldo Dowglas
consanguineo nostro comitibus Jacobo de Douglas domino de Dalketh fratre
nostro dilecto ac Thoma Erskin consanguineo nostro militibus apud Amele
nono die Marcii anno Regni nostri vicesimo Quamquidem cartam donacionem
et concessionem in eadem contentas-in omnibus punctis suis et articulis
condicionibus et modis ac circumstanciis suis quibuscunque forma pariter
et effectuin omnibus et per onmia approbamus ratificamus et pro nobis
heredibus nostris vt premissum est imperpetuum ad manum mortuam con-
firmamus saluo seruicio nostro Preterea in honore Dei omnipotentis et
gloriose matris sue beate Marie semper virginis et omnium sanctorum pro
salute anime nostre et animarum onmium antecessorum et successorum
Regum Scocie aditimus annectimus et vnimus dictis baroniis de Kilwyn-
nyne et de Bethe in eandem regaliam seu regalitatem prescriptam adeo
libere quiete bene et in pace in omnibus et per omnia prout superius est
expressum terras de Scryuerlandis cum pertinentiis datas et concessas dictis
monasterio nostro abbati et conuentui et eorum successoribus imperpetuum
per quondam Walterum Cumyne dominum de Rowallane et terras de Liand-
corse cum pertinentiis ex dono Johannis de Maxwell de PoUoc militis In
cuius Rei testimonium presenti carte nostre sigillum nostrum precepimus
apponi Testibus venerabilibus in Christo patribus Waltero et Matheo Sancti-
andree et Glasguensis ecclesiarum episcopis Roberto comite de Fiffe et de
Menteth fratre nostro carissimo Archibaldo Comite de Douglas et domino
Galwidie Jacobo Douglas domino de Dalkethe Thoma de Erskin consan-
guineis nostris dilectis militibus Alexandro Cokbum de Langtoun custode
magni sigilli nostri apud Dundonald vicesimo sexto mensis februarii Anno
gracie millesimo tricentesimo nonagesimo tercio et Regni nostri anno tercio.
Jacobus Dei ^ gracia Rex Scotorum omnibus probis hominibus tocius terre
sue clericis et laicis salutem Sciatis nos in laudem et honorem Dei omnipo-
tentis ac gloriosissime virginis Marie ac beati Wynnyni patroni monasterii

^ This charter, with slight verbal difFerences, will be found in Beg, Mag. Sig., lib. 7, No. 213.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 177

nostri de Kilwynnyne et omnium sanctorum et pro salute anime nostre ac
carrissime coZrtirnostre Maxgaxete Regine sLie ac ammarum anteces-
sorum et successorum nostrorum et pro singulaxi affectione zelo et' dUectione
quos gerimus erga venerabilem in Christo patrem Willelmum abbatem moder-
num dicti monasterii et dilectos oratores nostros monachos et conuentum
dicti monasterii dedisse concessisse et per presentes confirmasse prefatis
venerabili in Cristo patri et religiosis viris oratoribus nostris abbati et con-
uentui dicti monasterii et eorum successoribus eiusdem monasterii abbatibus
et conuentibus vt ipsi et successores sui habeant teneant et possedeant per-
petuis fiituris temporibus Itinera camerarie infra se super terris suis propriis
et super tenentibus et inhabitantibus terras suas predictas Tenenda et
habenda dicta Itinera Camerarie prefatis abbati et conuentui et eorum suc-
cessoribus de nobis et successoribus nostris pro perpetuo cum vniuersis et
singulis commoditatibus libertatibus priuilegiis et rectis consuetudinibus ad
itinera camerarie spectantibus seu iuste spectare valentibus in futurum Et
adeo libere quiete plenarie integre honorifice bene et in pace in omnibus et
per omnia sicut alii prelati et abbates regni nostri de Itineribus Camerarie
per serenissimos nostros predecessores Scotorum reges temporibus retroactis
liberius infeodantur cum potestate Itinera Camerarie tenendi per oflSciarios
suos ac delinquentes et defectuosos puniendi et corrigendi amerciamenta
delinquentium ad vsus ipsorum abbatis et conuentus et successorum suorum
leuandi Necnon inhabitantes terrarum suarum et eorum bona quociens ad
Itinera Camerarie vbicunque arrestati attachiati vel calumpniati fuerunt ad
dicta sua Itinera Camerarie replegiandi Insuper concessimus et tenore pre-
sencium concedimus pro nobis et successoribus nostris dictis abbati et conu-
entui et successoribus suis vnam acram terrarum suarum Uberam priuUegia-
tam pro detencione dictorum Itinerum Camerarie pro perpetuo situatam
videlicet a torrente de Corsehill ad finem pontis de Kilwynnyne extendentem
absque reuocatione vel contradictione nostri vel successorum nostrorum
quorumcunque Faciendo annuatim dicti abbas et conuentus et eorum succes-
sores pro animabus predictis oracionum suflFragia deuotarum tantum In
cuius rei testimonium presentibus pro perpetuo duraturis magnum sigillum
nostrum apponi precepimus apud Edinburgh octauo die mensis Januarii
Anno Domini millesimo quadringentesimo septuagesimo secundo et Regni
nostri decimotercio Quasquidem cartas ac donaciones et concessiones in
eisdem contentas in omnibus suis punctis et articulis condicionibus et modis

2 A

178 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

ac circumstanciis suis quibuscunque forma pariter et eflFectu In omnibus et
per omnia pro speciaK deuocione quam habemus erga beatissimam gloriosis-
simamque virginem Mariam matrem Christi et beatum confessorem sanctum
Wynnynum patronum dicti nostri monasterii ac pro dilectione et fauore
specialibus quos gerimus erga venerabUem in Christo patrem dominum
Willebnum Bunche abbatem modemum dicti nostri monasterii approbamus
ratificamus et pro nobis et successoribus nostris pro perpetuo vt premissum
est confirmamus saluis nobis et successoribus nostris dicti abbatis et mona-
chorum et suorum successorum oracionum sufiragiis deuotarum ac seruiciis
debitis et consuetis In cuius rei testimonium presenti carte nostre confirma-
cionis magnum sigillum nostrum apponi precepimus Testibus vt in quarta
carta precedente [Reuerendo in Christo patre Willelmo episcopo Aberdonensi
nostri secreti sigiUi custode dilectis consanguineis nostris Georgeo Comite
de Huntlie domino Baidzenach cancellario nostro Patricio comite de Boith-
uile domino Halis Archibaldo comite de Ergile domino Campbele et Lome
magistro hospicii nostri Alexandro domino Hume magno camerario nostro
Roberto Lundy de Balgony milite thesaurario nostro et dilectis clericis nos-
tris Magistris Ricardo Murehede decano Glasguensi secretario nostro et
Waltero Drummond decano Dunblanensi nostrorum rotulorum et registri ac
concilii clerico] apud castrum nostrum de Kyntire sexto die mensis JuUi
anno Domini millesimo quadringentesimo nonagesimo octauo Et regni nostri
vndecimo.

Abstract.

Confirmation in 1498, by James the Fourth, King of Scots, under the
Great Seal, of certain Royal grants formerly made to the Abbey of Kil-
winning, viz. of — (1.) Charter by Robert the Third, King of Scots,
confirming a charter granted by Robert the Second, King of Scots, with
consent of his dearest first-bom John, Earl of Carrick, Steward of Scot-
land, for the welfare of his Majesty's soul, and of the souls of all his ances-
tors and successors. Kings of Scotland, granting to God and the blessed
Virgin Mary, and to St. Wynnin, and to the abbot and convent of the
monastery of Kilwinning, that they and their successors should for ever
hold and possess all the lands of his baronies of Kilwinning and Beith/

^ Granted oiiginaUy to the monasteiy hj Richard de Morville, and Avicia de Lancaster,

his wife. — Dobie's Pont, p. 254,

THE MONASTEEY OF KILWINNING.

179

with the mills, multures, and sequels thereof, and all their just pertin-
ents, as they had heretofore justly and peaceably held the same, in free
regality, and as freely, quietly, fully, and honourably as any regality
granted by the king or his predecessors to any monastery in the kingdom.
Dated at Arnele^ 9th March, 20th year of reign [1390]; the witnesses
being Walter* Bishop of St. Andrews, John Bishop of Dunkeld,^ chancellor,
John Earl of Carrick, Steward of Scotland, the king's first-born son, Robert
Earl of Fife and Menteith, the king's son, Archibald Earl of Douglas,
James of Douglas, lord of Dalkeith, the king's brother, and Sir Thomas
Erskin,* Robert III. in confirming this charter, added and annexed to the
said baronies of Kilwinning and Beith, and united to the same regality the
lands of Scryverlands/ granted to the said monastery by the late Walter
Cumyne, lord of Rowallane,* and the lands of Liandcorse,^ granted by John
Maxwell of Polloc, knight The confirmation is dated at Dundonald 26 th
February 1393 ; the witnesses being Walter bishop of St. Andrews, Mathew
bishop of Glasgow, Robert Earl of Fife and Menteth, the king's brother,
Archibald Earl of Douglas, lord Galloway, James Douglas, lord of Dal-
keith, Thomas of Erskine, knight, and Alexander Cockburn of Langtoun,
Keeper of the Great Seal. The king also confirmed — (2.) A charter by James
the Third, King of Scots, whereby, in honour of God Almighty, St. Mary,
and St. Wynnin, patron of the Monastery of Kilwinning, and for the
welfare of the soul of his Majesty's dearest consort Margaret, Queen of
Scotland, and of the souls of his royal ancestors and successors, and for his
singular affection, zeal, and regard which he had towards William,^ abbot
of the said monastery, and the monks and convent thereof, he granted to
them in all time coming the power of holding chamberlain courts upon
their own lands for the tenants and inhabitants thereof ; and also granting

^ In tbe pariah of West Kilbride, Cimniiig-
ham.

2 Walter Trail was Bisliop of St, Andrews
from 1385 to his death in 1401.

' John Peebles became Bishop of Dunkeld in
1377, and continued so till his death in
1396.

* See Crawford's Benfrewskire (1818), p. 108.

^ Also called SkimaUand. — Hist, of the Hovm
of Bowdllane (Glasgow, 1825), p. 34.

e His only daughter and heiress married Sir

Gilchrist Mure of RowaUan. — Robertson's Ayr-
shire Fcmdlies, voL iiL p. 355.

^ See Eglinton Memorials, voL ii p. 137. In
the Kilmarnock charter-chest there is a charter
hj H. Montgomery of Hessilhead in January
1559, granting to Helen, daughter of Lord Boyd,
the land of ^ Lyandcorse,'* in the regality of
Kilwinning.

8 William Boyd, second son of Sir Thomas
Boyd of Kilmarnock. — Dobie's Pont, p. 261.

180

COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

one free privileged acre of their lands for holding the said courts, extending
from the burn of Corsehill ^ to the end of the bridge of Kilwynnyn ; render-
ing therefor the said abbot and convent the suflFrages of their devout prayers
for the souls aforesaid. Dated at Edinburgh 8th January 1472. The con-
firmation approved and ratified these charters for reasons similar to those
for which they were granted, and for special regard to the present abbot,
William Bunche ; ^ saving to the king and his successors the prayers of the
abbot and convent " due and wont." Dated at the Castle of Kyntire, 6th
July 1498.

27. Abstract of a Protocol of the Diocese of Glasgow,^

Instrument* narrating that while William, Abbot of Kylwnnyng, with
his convent, were assembled* in the septs of the abbey and in the hall or
court-room thereof, with the doors and gates closed, on the 2 2d March after
the palm branches, 1512, the place was surrounded by Cuthbert, Earl of
Glencairn, completely armed, and accompanied by about sixteen men simi-
larly armed, with swords by their side and all defensive armour, with a
hold of each other's hands as they advanced rapidly, when the following
colloquy between the abbot and the earl took place : — " Wherefore have you
cleared our ditches, broken our fences, and entered hither?" "We have
come hither to hold a conference with you." " I will hold no conference

^ Said to be the site of the Cross, now at
Crossbrae, prior to the Keformation.

^ He was kiUed at the battle of Flodden in
1513.— Dobie'sPoni, p. 261.

^ Diocesan Registers of Glasgow, — Grampian
Club (1875). Original text, voL ii. p. 477 ;
translation, vol. L p. 544.

* This and several of the following instru-
ments relate to an armed invasion of the pre-
cincts of the Abbey of Kilwinning by the Earls
of Glencairn and Angus. These noblemen seem
to have been acting on behalf of a Mr. John
Forman, pretending a claim to the abbacy, and
evidently desired to coerce Abbot "William to
resign, on promise of a pension, to be confirmed
by the Roman See. The instrument is much

crossed and interlined, and bears witness to the
disturbance which must have been going on
during its preparation. The Earl of Angus
here engaged was the celebrated Archibald BeU-
the-Cat, and he must have been an aged man
in 1512, for Gavin Douglas, Bishop of Dun-
keld, his third son, was bom in 1474. Glen-
cairn was his son-in-law. — (Note by Editors of
Grampian Club Edition.)

* Among those present on the occasion were
Robert Wright, William Brown, Leon Jack,
presbyters ; Thomas Peebles, Matthew Park,
James Wright, laymen ; Robert Cunningham of
Auchenharvie, Alexander Scot, Prior of Kilwin-
ning, John Gaw, Walter Lister, Adam Spark,
and William Duly.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 181

with you at this time." Whereupon the earl seized the abbot (who resisted,
and often called out, and earnestly entreated to be set at liberty) with force
and violence by the arms, throwing off his sword and shield, and giving
them to one of his followers ; and while the armed men surrounded him,
sometimes threatening, sometimes fawning upon him, to make him submit
himself to the pleasure of Mr. John Forman,^ the pretended Abbot of Kyl-
wynning, and open the gates of the abbey to the king's herald and others
of the same opinion standing without the gates, held him long in his
embrace, until induced by the persuasion of Alexander Scott, Prior of
Kylwynning, and of some of the armed men, he let him go, panting . for
breath, and calling out, '* Suffer me to sit here, and cut off my head, because,
while I live, I never shall agree to what you propose." Nevertheless, after
he had sat and rested a while, and was desirous to rest longer, the earl
seized him a second time, while he struggled and called out, and dragged
him against his will to the gates of the place. When there, trusting, as he
alleged, to his appeal, and besides being under the protection of the Koman
pontiff, he refused to open the gates to the king's herald, and Archibald
Earl of Angus, and others, who were standing without, although earnestly
requested by the earl to do so : And further narrating the protest by the
said abbot, when conducted between his monks to consult and deliberate
upon the proposals made to him by the said earl, that himself and his abbacy
and convent, and the appeals formerly made by him, should not suffer pre-
judice by what had taken place, etc. Done in the Abbey of Kylwynning,
22d March 1512.

Kilwynnyng.

Instrument narrating that the said Earls of Angus and Glencaim, with
their accomplices, armed as above mentioned, to the number of sixty or
thereby, besides the above excepted persons breaking into and wandering
through the gates and doors, court and choir of the abbey, their armour
clanging, and meeting others of their own party in the gates, to the high
altar, one Sir Gilbert Haldane, vicar of Dairy, who alleged he was procurator

1 Brother of Kobert Forman, precentor, and ^ Diocesan Registers of Glasgow (Grampian

aftei-wards Dean of Glasgow. — Rsghi, Glas,, p. Club), voL i p. 546.
504.

182 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A fflSTORY OF

for Mr. George Forman, precentor of the church of Glasgow, presented to
Mr. John Sawchy, notary, to be read and duly executed, certain apostolic
bulls granted to the said Mr. John, respecting the abbacy of Kylwynnyng ;
and that the notary after reading the letters, by virtue thereof inducted
Mr. John Forman, in the person of the said procurator, into possession of
the said abbacy, which, as the gates were previously shut and access to the
altar not allowed him, he did without the gates, etc. Done as above.

Kylwynnyng.^

Instrument narrating that the Abbot of Kylwynnyng asked the king's
herald,^ who asserted that he had the king's letters and mandate to the
abbot, Mr. John Forman, as abbot of the said place, and his procurators, to
publish and read the said mandate and letters to him ; and that the
latter replied that he would read them in the chapter of Kylwynnyng if he
(the abbot) would enter the same, not otherwise. Done as above.

Kylwynnyng.

Instrument narrating that Mr. William Barclay, procurator of William,
Abbot of Kilwynning, presented himself^ at the entrance, commonly called
" the clock dur," in the abbey, which led to the choir and chapter, that he
might see and hear, and protest in the name of the abbot against what
was being done there by the procurator of the said Mr. John Forman and
the armed men above mentioned and monks, but that the Earl of Glencaim
with his armed men, who were standing without the gate apparently to
guard it, refused him entrance, saying, "Barclay, you shall not enter
thither, because those within do not wish you to be there/' Done as
above.

Kylwynnyng.^

Instrument narrating that William, Abbot of Kylwynning, when freed
from the hands of the armed men, revoked and annulled all that he had

1 Diocesan Regiders of Glasgow (Grampian * In the presence of John Hawick, Robert

Club), voL i p. 546. Edward, and Henry Kelso.

8 In the presence of (besides some of the other * The disturbance lasted two hours. Abbot

named witnesses) Eumonides Heniison, John William having been much pulled about and

White, and Simon AysdelL exhausted by the rioters, appears to have betaken.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 183

done or attempted through fear, in consequence of their threats, to the pre-
judice of himself and his benefice of Kylwynnyng, and of his appeals
formerly interponed, protesting that he should not be prejudiced thereby.
Done as above.

The Ahhot of Kylwynnyng.

Instrument narrating that Mr. William Barclay, procurator of William,
Abbot of Kylwynnyng, in presence of witnesses,^ publicly read and intimated
at the doors of the church of Glasgow, during the time of high mass, an
instrument of appeal, dated 1512, interponed by the said abbot from Alex-
ander Bunch and John Bunch, procurators, revoked by him and Mr. John
Forman, precentor of Glasgow, and offered a copy to those entitled to
have it, and fixed itself on the doors of the church, and left it thereon. Done
at the doors of the church foresaid, 7th April 1513.

The Ahhot of Kylwynnyng.

Instrument on the appointment by William, Abbot of Kylwynnyng,^ of
Mr. William Steward, William Barclay, and others, apostolic writers, as his
procurators for prosecuting the appeals interponed by him to the See of
Rome against Sir Alexander Bunche, Mr. John Bunche, and Mr. John For-
man, and in all other his causes moved and to be moved before whatever
judges and in whatever courts ; also on his appointment of some of them
for resigning of new his abbacy into the hands of those having authority to
that effect, in favour of James, Archbishop of Glasgow, and for renouncing
to the latter all right, action, and the cause then depending respecting the
abbacy, and surrogating the said archbishop in his right ; and also to recall
the procurators appointed by him before Sir John Symontoun, for resigning
the abbacy first into the hands of the sovereign pontiff. Done as above.

himself, with his procurator and a few adherents, William Smith, presbyters ; Thomas Hugh,

to a place called the Bogsyde, where he protested notary public, Thomas Maling, and Malcolm

against the usage with which he had met, and Colquhon.
recalled everything that he had said or done

under coercion. — Note by the Editors of Gram- ^ In the presence of Martin Bede, chancellor

pian Club Edition, vol. i p. 547. and official of Qlasgow, Alexander Scot, prior

^ John Stirling, notary public ; Archibald of Kilwinning, Andrew Sibbold, canon of Glas-

Achinrosch, Walter Steyne, Robert Wright, gow, and John Rede.

184 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

28. Litera Alexandri Ahhatis de Kilmynnyng et eiusdem Conuentus.

[15th July 1532.]'

Eeuerendissimo in Christo patri et domino Domino Gauino miseratione
diuina Archiepiscopo Glasguensi/ sen cuicunque alteri ad infrascripta
potestatem habenti/ Vestre reuerendissime patemitatis humiles et deuoti filii
Alexander permissione diuina Abbas Monasterii de Kylwynnyng et eiusdem
conuentus ordinis Sancti Benedicti vestre Glasguensis diocesis Reuerentias
cum honore tanto reuerendissimo patri debitas Reuerendissime pater vt
ecclesiarum omnium per ciuitatem et diocesim vestras Glasguenses con-
sistentium et ad illarum decorem ac personarum status inibi diuinum
psallentium officium salubriter dirigi seruarique decentia possint honestius
ad tenendum statum suum habeant redditus nostri libenter fauoris imperti-
mur presidium/ potissime cum temporum requirit necessitas cause persuadent
rationabiles et diuini cultus augmentum salubriter id exposcit Exhibita
siquidem nobis nuper per venerabilem et egregium virum magistrum
Jacobum Houstone dicte vestre ecclesie Glasguensis subdecanum petitio
continebat/ quod ipse pie diuotionis zelo motus cupiens terrena in celestia
commutare ac diuinum cultum in dicta vestra ciuitate augere de bonis
a Deo sibi collatis et ex eius legittimo conquestu debite acquisitis/ vestre
tamen reuerendissime paternitatis auctoritate consensu et beneplacito
primitus interuenientibus/ vnum Collegium cum certo prebendariorum
numero in ecclesia Marie semper Virginis et Anne matris eius Beatarum
nouiter per eum a fundamentis constructa/ instituere fundare stabilire et
erigere proponit et intendit. Et/ sicut eadem subiungebat petitio/ si vicaria
perpetua parrochialis ecclesie de Dairy dicte vestre diocesis per venerabilem
virum magistrum ChriBtoforum Boyd sibi canonice collata et per eum de
presenti obtenta/ eius ad hoc expresso accedente consensu/ cuius presentatio
et jus presentandi quotiens eam vacare contigerit ad nos et successores
nostros abbates et conuentus dicti nostri Monasterii de Kylwynnyng/
coUatio vero prouisio et illius institutio ad reuerendissimam patemitatem
vestram vestrosque successores Glasguenses Archiepiscopos pleno jure
spectare dinoscitur et spectat/ dicto Collegio erigendo et illius Prepositure

1 Liber Collegii nostre Domine Eegistrum CiviUUis Glasguensis, — Maitland Club (1846), p.
Ecclesie B. V, Marie et S, Anne infra Muros 10 ; see also p. 107.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 185

que inibi dignitas principalis existit/ vniretur annecteretur et incorparetur
Ac de fructibus eiusdem vicarie perpetue in Preposituram erigende crearetur
vna vicaria pensionaria libera vni vicario penaionario perpetuis futuris
temporibus in cura dicte ecclesie parrochialis de Dairy ministraturo
ascendens ad summam decern librarum vsualis monete regni Scotie et sex
acras terre ecclasiastice vicarie perpetue predicte legittime spectantes pro
manso et orto dicto vicario pensionario edificando/ per hoc statui ipsius
Collegii erigendi et sublimandi plurimum prouideretur cultusque diuinus
exinde augmentaretur in eodem/ Quare per dictum magistrum Jacobum
Houstoune subdecanum dicti Collegii primum et principalem fundatorem
nobis fuit humiliter supplicatum vt consensum nostrum in premissis exhi-
bere et prestare dignaremur Nos igitur petitionem huiusmodi ex premissis
attendentes esse veram et rationi consonam/ diuinum cultum semper quan-
tum in nobis est augere cupientes/ erectioni dicte vicarie perpetue de Dairy
in Preposituram dicte ecclesie Marie et Anne Beatarum in Ecclesiam
CoUegiatam erigende/ et dicti Magistri Christofori Boyd vicarii modemi
in Prepositum eiusdem ecclesie sublimationi/ ac eiusdem dimembrationi
per reuerendissimam paternitatem vestram fiende/ et creationi none vicarie
pensionarie libere vt premittitur vni vicario pensionario perpetuis futuris
temporibus in cura dicte ecclesie de Dairy ministraturo assignande/ et ex
nostra et successorum nostrorum presentatione conferende Ac earundem
vnioni annexationi et incorporationi vestra ordinaria auctoritate fiendis in
omnibus et per omnia vt premissum est Reserxjatis tamen nobis et
successoribus nostris abbatibus et conuentibus dicti nostri Monasterii
imperpetuum presentatione et jure patronatus tam Prepositure erigende
quam etiam vicarie pensionarie predicte creande totiens quotiens eas vacare
contigerit Et non alias aliter nee alio modo/ vnanimi consensu et assensu
capitulariter congregati harum serie consentimus Et nostros consensus et
assensus ad premissa omnibus melioribus modo via forma jure et causa
quibus melius et efficacius possumus et debemus/ exhibemus Eandem
vestram reuerendissimam paternitatem humiliter exhortando rogantes
quatenus de nostro expresso consensu predicto Preposituram et vicariam
pensionariam predictas vestra ordinaria auctoritate erigere creare sublimare
vnire incorporare et annectere in omnibus et per omnia vt premissum est
Saluis tamen vobis et successoribus vestris imperpetuum visitatione juris-
dictione correctione dominio potestate et preeminentia ac omnibus juribus

186 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

ordinariis et extraordinariis Archiepiscopalibus et archidiaconalibus de
dicta vicaria perpetua de Dairy ante erectionem creationem sublimationem
vnionem incorporationem et annexationem huiusmodi debitis et consuetis
Ceteraque facere dicere gerere et exercere que ex vestro pastoral! officio
incumbunt peragenda/ de gratia speciali dignemini/ . In quorum omnium
et singulorum fidem presentibus manibus nostris subscriptis sigillum
commune dicti nostri Monasterii est appensum vnacum sigilli appensione et
subscriptione manuali dicti magistri Christofori Boyd in signum et vigorem
consensus affirmationis et ratifficationis premissorum Apud dictum nostrum
Monasterium/ et in eiusdem capitulo ad premissa omnia et singula facienda
legittime et capitulariter ad sonum campane congregato/ die decimoquinto
mensis Julii anno Domini millesimo quingentesimo Trigesimosecundo.
Alexander Hanmiiltoun abbas de Kilwynnyng/ Karolus Stule/ Jacobus
TejTidar/ Johannes Dothane/ Johannes Quhyte/ Georgius Ramsay/ Alex-
ander Scott/ Laurentius Eldar/ Adam Spark/ Johannes Dene/ Thomas
Brovne/ Jacobus Brovne/ WiUelmus Wricht/ Archibaldus Rankesoun/
Valterus Wilsone/ WiUelmus Hammiltoime/ Gilbertus Dawsone/

Abstract.

Petition^ by Alexander, Abbot of the Monastery of Kilwinning and the
Convent of the same, to Gavin, Archbishop of Glasgow, praying that he
would consent to the erection of the perpetual vicarage of Dairy into the
provostry of the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Anna her mother,
to be erected into a collegiate church, and to the advancement of Master
Cristopher Boyd, the present vicar, to be Provost of the said church,
reserving to the said abbot and convent the right of patronage of the said
Provostry. Signed with the common seal of the monastery, and sign
manual of the said Master Cristopher Boyd in token of his assent thereto,
at the Monastery of Kilwinning the 15th July 1532.

29. Carta conjirnuwionis reuerendissimi patris ac Domini Gauini archi-

episcopi Glasguensis. — [3c? June 1542.]*

Vniuersis et singulis sancte matris ecclesie filiis presentes litteras in-
specturis visuris lecturis pariter et audituris Gauinus miseratione diuina

^ Ecclmastical Records of Glasgow College, p. 10. * Liber Collegii Nostre Domine (1846), p. 6.

THE MONASTERY OP KILWINNING. 187

Archiepiscopus Glasguensis Salutem in omnium Saluatore. Splendor pateme
glorie qui sua mundum illuminat ineffabili claritate pia vota fidelium de sue
maiestatis dementia tunc benigno fauore prosequitur cum deuota ipsorum
humilitas et sincerus affectus in diuini cultus augmentum feruere noscuntur.
Nos quoque de superis ad inferiora diriuatis exemplis piis desideriis justisque
supplicantium precibus quos fides spes et charitas ad deuotionis afiectum et
diuini cultus augmentum continue soUicitarunt vt ad gratiam dispositi et
ad gloriam inuitati in piis actibus feruentius et instantius perseuerent tam
vigor et equitatis feruor quam rationis ordo fauere nos inducunt Et cum
cuncta nobis ecclesie capelle et loca sub Sanctorum fundata et dotata
vocabulis pia deuotione fidelium sint veneranda ilia tamen que in honore
semper Virginis Marie Dei et Domini nostri Jhesu Christi genitricis et Anne
matris eius Beatarum vocabulis dedicata noscuntur eo ex celebriori memoria
conuenit venerari quo Dominus noster Jhesus Christus earundem Marie
genitricis sue et Anne matris eius precibus et intercessionibus immediatius
et perfectius vota fidelium dirigere et ad gratiam exauditionis admittere
valeat Litteras igitur venerabilium et religiosorum virorum dominorum
Alexandri Hammiltoun abbatis et conuentus Monasterii de Ealwynnyng
ordinis Sancti Benedicti nostre Glasguensis diocesis/ patronorum parrochialis
ecclesie de Dairy eiusdem diocesis/ necnon circumspectorum et egregiorum
virorum magistrorum Jacobi Houstoune subdecani ecclesie metropolitane
Glasguensis/ Collegii infrascripti erigendi primi fimdatoris et dotatoris/ ac
Christofori Boyd perpetui vicarii dicte parrochialis ecclesie de Dairy/ com-
munibus dictorum dominorum abbatis et conuentus Monasterii antedicti ac
Jacobi subdecani et Christofori vicarii perpetui armorum sigillis respectiue
sigillatas . pium et laudabile abbatis et conuentus ac Jacobi subdecani et
Christofori vicarii predictorum propositum/ perpetuum Collegium Collegia-
tamque Ecclesiam vnius prepositi et nouem prebendariorum ac trium
puerorum/ qui erunt in cantu et alias juxta dicti Collegii erigendi funda-
tionis tenorem experti et in litteratura scientia et moribus eruditi/ in ecclesia
Marie semper Virginis et Anne matris euis Beatarum in vico Sancte Teneu
ciuitatis nostre Glasguensis sita et per dictum Jacobum subdecanum a
ftindamentis constructa et edificata/ super vicaria dicte parrochiaUs ecclesie
de Dairy que de patronatu prefatorum nunc et pro tempore existentium
abbatis et conuentus dicti monasterii de Kilwynnyng perpetuis futuris
temporibus existit/ et quam abbas et conuentus prefati predicto CoUegio

188 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

erigendo et prepositure eiusdem quantum in eiis est de expresso consensu
et assensu dicti magistri Christofori Boyd nunc dicte ecclesie parroclialis
perpetui vicarii et possessoris ad eflfectum huiusmodi Collegium dotandi pro
vicarii pensionarii in dicta parrochiali ecclesia de Dairy et illius et parrochi-
anorum eiusdem cura perpetuis futuris temporibus deseruituri sustentatione
dimembrari primo et deinde annecti cupiunt respectiue et vniri Et super
certis aliis terris tenementis possessionibus et annuls redditibus per dictum
magistrum Jacobum subdecanum fundatorem ex eius legittimo conquestu
et industria acquisitis et in futurum acquirendis et in sustentationem pre-
bendariorum et puerorum dictorum applicandis et diuidendis/ ordinare et
fundare/ desiderantes Necnon abbatis et conuentus ac subdecani fundatoris
et vicarii antedictorum humiles supplicationes vt predicti Collegii fundatio-
nem dotationem dispositionem et ordinationem per nostri officii sollicitudinem
ad eflfectum perducere approbareque ratifficare et confirmare ac Collegium
huiusmodi erigere illique ecclesiam parrochialem predictum de Dairy vt
premittitur vnire annectere et incorporare dignaremur continentes/ recepimus
in hec verba Reuerendissimo in Christo patri et domino Domino
Gauino/ miseratione diuina Glasguensi Archiepiscopo/ Vestre reuerendissimo
patemitatis humiles et deuoti filii Alexander Hammiltoune abbas Monasterii
de Kylwynnyng ct eiusdem conuentus ordinis Sancti Benedicti vestre
Glasguensis diocesis Ac magistri Jacobus Houstoim subdecanus vestre
ecclesie Glasguensis Et Christoforus Boyd perpetuus vicarius parrochialis
ecclesie de Dahy eiusdem vestre diocesis Reuerencias et honores cum omni
humilitate tanto reuerendissimo patri debitas Nouerit vestra reuerendissima
patemitas quonam pacto nos Alexander abbas et conuentus prefati capitu-
lariter congregati matura deliberatione prehabita ac Jacobus subdecanus et
Christoforus vicarius antedictus vnanimi consensu et assensu/ ad laudem
gloriam et honorem Summe et Indiuidue Trinitatis Patris videlicet Filii et
Spiritussancti/ Beatissime Intemerateque Virginis Marie genitricis Dei et
Domini nostri Jhesu Christi/ et Beate Anne matris eius/ ac Omnium Sanctorum
celestis curie/ pro salute animarum recolendissime memorie Domini Jacobi
Quarti Scotorum Regis illustrissimi Et pro salute et prospero statu Domini
Jacobi Quinti Dei gratia Scotorum Regis moderni inclitissimi et suorum
successorum Ac pro vestra reuerendissima patemitate ac predecessoribus ac
successoribus vestris et omnium fidelium defunctorum/ alias nostrum dedisse
consensum eflfectualiter animo fundandi vnum Collegium sine Collegiatam

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 189

ecclesiam cum prepositura et certis prebendariis et pueris inferius desig-
nandis/ prout tenore presentium nos abbas et conuentus predict! pro nobis et
successoribus nostris consentimus/ quod dicta vicaria perpetua parrochialis
ecclesie antedicte de Dairy dicte vestre diocesis Cuius presentatio et jus
presentandi quotiens earn vacare contigerit nobis abbati et conuentui nunc
et pro tempore existentibus predictis pertinere et spectare dinoscuntur/ cum
expresso consensu et assensu dicti magistri Christofori Boyd eiusdem ecclesie
modemi perpetui vicarii/ in vnam preposituram Et ecclesia ipsa predicta sub
vocabulo Marie Virginis et Anne matris Beatarum fundata constructa et
dedicata/ in CoUegiatam Ecclesiam cum honore dignitate et preeminentia
CoUegialibus ad diuini cultus augmentum et chori regimen erigantur Et
prepositus ipse sublimatus nimc et pro tempore existens vnum vicarium
pensionarium ad deseruiendum in cura ecclesie parrochialis antedicte de
Dairy perpetuis futuris temporibus sumptibus suis sustinebit prout inferius
liquidabitur Quequidem prepositura et vicaria pensionaria erigende et
creande quotiens eas simul vel respectiue vacare contigerit semper nunc et
omni tempore futuro ad presentationem nostrorum abbatis et conuentus
Monasterii de Kilwynnyng antedicti et successorum nostrorum/ vestramque
et successorum vestrorum Glasguensis ecclesie Archiepiscoporum coUationem
ordinariam/ pleno jure spectabunt et pertinebunt Necnon ego dictus magister
Jacobus subdecanus firmiter intelligens et credens/ quia in missarum
solenniis holocaustum pingue Filius Omnipotenti Patri in odoris suauitate
offertur Cui nichil acceptabilius nichil gratius nichil dignius offeri potest/
tam eiis vim esse catholice fidei sinceritas persuadet vt imbecillem humane
conditionis fragilitatem in peccatis sepe labentem in gratiam restituant
fidelium defunctorum animas ex purgatorii penis eripiant et jam beate ad
glorie plenitudinem accedant/ Plane in eorum numero ne reperiar quibus in
Exodo dictum est/ Gens absque consilio et prudentia/ vtinam saperent et
intelligerent ac nouissima prouiderent/ Animoque reuoluens quod in Apo-
calipsi scriptum est/ Audiui vocem de celo dicentem Beati mortui qui in
Domino moriuntur/ amodo jam dicit Spiritus vt requiescant a laboribus
suis/ opera enim illorum sequxmtur illos/ Hinc michi charitas exarsit/ hinc
pietas exorta est et diuini cultus augendi innata voluntas quam pro facul-
tate prosecutus ad effectum supradictum do et concedo meum consensum et
assensum Ac volo quod nouem capellanie inferius designande/ per me ex
meo legittimo conquestu et industria fundate acquisite et dotate, in nouem

190 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A fflSTORY OF

canonicatus et prebendas pro nouem prebendariis et tribus pueris ad regimen
et dispositionem chori dicte Collegiate Ecclesie erigende et diuini cultus
augmentum similiter erigantur Quorumquidem canonicatuum et preben-
darum erigendorum donationem et dispositionem mihi dum in humanis
vixero simpliciter reseruo Et post meum decessum ad honorabiles viros
dominos balliuos et consules ciuitatis Glasguensis pro tempore existentes
presentatio et donatio/ admissio vero et eorum institutio prout in prebendis
Bubsequentibus successiue in locis suis latins et plenius specificabitur et
declarabitur/ [spectabunt et pertinebxmt] Inprimus quidem Preposituram
dicte Collegiate Ecclesie Marie semper Virginis et Anne matris Beatarum
ciuitatis Glasguensis de vicaria perpetua dicte parrochialis ecclesie de Daliy
erigendam et dicte vicarie nomen supprimendum Quiquidem Prepositua
habebit pro sua sustentatione omnes et singulos fructus redditus et pro-
uentus vicarie dicte ecclesie de Dairy cum oblationibus et aliis emolimentis
eedem spectantibus Ac toto manso et mansione et gleba adiacentibus dicte
ecclesie preter assignationem factam vicario pensionario/ ita libere in omni-
bus et per omnia sicut vnquam ant<3a dicta vicaria cum sua mansione et
gleba habebatur qui etiam Prepositus omnia onera ordinaria et extraordi-
naria dicte ecclesie et illius vicarie incumbentia solita et consueta, que
temporibus preteritis ipse aut sui antecessores soluerunt et soluere de jure
vel consuetudine consueuerunt/ soluet et satisfaciet Et etiam idem Prepositus
habebit vicarium pensionarium qui perpetuis futuris temporibus curam
animarum omnium parrochianorum dicte parrochialis ecclesie de Daby
geret/ ad presentationem et collationem suprascriptas spectantem et perti-
nentem/ cui singulis annis persoluet decem libras vsualis monete regni Scocie
Qui etiam vicarius pensionarius habebit sex acras terre ecclesiastice perti-
nentes vicarie perpetue dicte ecclesie de Dairy jam prope dictam ecclesiam
pro manso et orto suo edificando Et. continue remanebit in propria persona
apud dictam ecclesiam parrochialem de Dairy et in eiusdem cura continue
deseruiet ut supra/

Abstract.

Confirmation by Gavin, Archbishop of Glasgow, of letters by Sir Alex-
ander Hamilton, Abbot, and the Convent of the Monastery of Kilwinning,
of the Order of St. Benedict, of the diocese of Glasgow, patrons of the parish
church of Dairy, in the said diocese ; Mr. James Houstoime, sub-dean of

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 191

the metropolitan church of Glasgow ; and Christopher Boyd, perpetual
vicar of the parish church of Dairy, consenting to the founding of a College
or Collegiate Church, to be built under the name of the ever-blessed Virgin
Mary, and Anna her mother, in the street of St. Tenew, in the city of Glas-
gow, which College or Collegiate Church was to be built from the foundations
by the said James Houstoxme, sub-dean, first founder and donator thereof,
upon the vicarage of the parish church of Daby, belonging to the patronage
of the said Abbot and Convent of Kilwinning, and upon certain other lands
acquired by the said James Houstoune for that purpose, which church of
Dairy and other lands should be united and incorporated in the name of
the Virgin Mary, and Anna her mother, and the name of the said vicarage
suppressed ; and the said church should have one provost, nine prebend-
ars, and three boys skilled in singing, and learned in literature, science,
and of good character, the appointment of whom should be in the hands
of the said Master James Houstoxme during his life, and thereafter in the
hands of the bailies and councillors of the city of Glasgow, subject always
to the correction of the said Gavin and his successors ; and the said provost
should have all fruits, rents, and profits of the said vicarage of Dairy, with all
emoluments pertaining thereto, and with the whole manse, mansion, and
glebe adjacent to the said church, besides paying all usual burdens belonging
thereto ; and he should also have a vicar-pensionar for the cure of all the
souls of the said parish church of Dairy, at a yearly stipend of ten pounds
Scots, with six acres of church land pertaining to the said vicarage of Dairy :
on condition that he should always remain in person at the said parish
church of Dairy, and serve the cure.

30. Procuratory hy the Abbot and Convent of Kilwinning in favour oftlie

College of Justice. — [1540.]^

At Edinburghe the thrid day of februar the zeir of god j"" V' xl zeris
In presens of the lordis of counsale and college of Justice Ane venerable
fader in god alexander abbot of cambuskynnethe president thairof
schew how maister James scott vicar of kilbirny ane of the scribis of
coimsale had presentit to him as president And to maister thomas ballen-

^ Acta Pari, Scat., voL ii p. 444.

192 COLLECTIONS TOWAEDS A HISTORY OF

dene coUectour of the said college and to divers vtheris lordis thereof being
present for the tymc Ane Mandate maid be ane venerable fader in god
alexander abbot of kilwynnyng and convent therof in fstuors of the said
seite grantand ane zeirlie pensioun therto of the sovme of xxviij lib to be
vptakin zeirlie of the vicarage of dunlop pertenyng to maister Jhone mair
vsufructuar of the samyne Quhilk pensioune was grantit of befor be the said
venerable fader and convent to be tane vp of the vicarage of kilbimy And
becaus the vicarage of dunlop Is of gretar Importance and may bettir beir
zeirlie the said pensioune and fulfill the seruice of God thane the said
vicarage of kilbimy The said venerable fader and convent be thair suplica-
tioune desirit the saidis lordis to accepte the said last mandat of the pen-
sioune forsaid of the said vicarage of dunlop as the said supplicatioune
gevin In befor thame proportit

Clerk of register fforsameklie as We ar informit that maister James
Scott vicar of kilbime ane of the scribis of counsale presentit ane mandat
maid be the abbot of kilvynning and convent therof grantand to the sete of
Sessioune ane zerlie pensioune of the sovme of xxviij ti to be tane wp of the
vicarage of dunlop and that the lordis of Sessioime had acceptit the samin
of befor as ane acte and instrumentis taikin therapoune mair fullelie pro-
portis Herefor we exhort prayis and als chargis zow that ze mak ane acte
in zour bukis of parliament of the ratificatioune and confirmatioxme of the
samin conforme to the saidis instrumentis swa that the said acte may be
red and pronunsit in our presens and that the samin may haif the Strenthe
of ane acte of parliament in tyme tocum. ....

Subscriuit with our hand at edinburgh the day of December the

zeir of god j"* v* xliij zeris, James G.

31. TaxJc by John Hamilton, Archbishop of Sanctandrois, to Alexander
Mure, of the teind sheaves of the lands of Ormesheucht — [3d March
1549.]^

150. Be it kend till all men be thir present letteris, ws Johne be theper-
missioun of God, Archebischop of Sanctandrois,' primat of Scotland, commen-

1 Memorials of the Montgomeriee, Earls ofEglin- Arran, " by Mrs. Boyd, a gentlewoman of a very
ton, vol. ii. p. 147. good fiEunily in the shire of Ayr." — Keith's Cator-

^ He wa£ a natural son of James, first Earl of logiiey p. 38.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 193

datour of Pasley, and principale fermare of all and hale the teynd schavis
and fruttis of the Abbacy of Kilwynning, with the pertinentis, Hand within
the dioces of Glasgow, to haff sett and to male lettin, and be the tenour
herof settis and to male lettis, to our louitt frend, Alexander Mure, his aires
and assignais, ane or ma, all and hale the teynd schavis of his landis and
steding callit Ormescheucht, with the pertinentis, liand within the parochine
of Irvyne and dioces of Glasgow foirsaid, for all the space and termes of
sevin zeris nixt and immediatelie efter foUoiiig the feist of aduincula Sancti
Petri, callit Lambmes, bipast, in the zer of God ane thousand five hundreth
and fourty-aught zeris, quhilk wes his entris therto, and tharefter to indur
and to be broukit and joisit be him, his aires, assignais, and subtenentis,
ane or ma, for all the said space and termes of sevin zeris ; with power
to intromete with the said teynd schavis, vpliffc and dispone tharapone
at their awin handis, or to sett the samyn to vtheris as thai sail think
expedient, frelie, quietlie, weill, and in peax, but ony reuocatioun, obstakll
or impedimente quhatsumeuer : Payand herfor zerlie the said Alexander,
his aires or assignais, ane or ma, to ws, our assignais or factouris thairof,
the soume of fourty schillingis vsuale monye of Scotland, at the fest of
the Purificatione of our Lady callit Candellmess, during the said space of
sevin zeris alanerlie, in name of male. ... In witness herof to this
our present letteris of assedatione subscriuit wit our hand, our signit is
affixit, at Hamiltoun, the thrid day of Merche, the zer of God P V® and
fourty-nyne zeris, befor thir witnes, Master Andro Oliphant, Maister George
(Mure), Jacob Nasmyth, our seruitouris, with vtheris diuers.

Sanctandrois.

32. Charter granting the Lands of Woodside to Ralston of that Ilk

\yth March 1551-2.]'

Omnibus banc cartam visuris uel audituris Gauinus permissione diuina
commendatarius perpetuus monasterii de Kilwynnyng et conuentus eiusdem
ordinis sancti Benedicti Glasguensis diocesis salutem in Domino sempiternam
Noueritis nos vnanimi consensu et assensu ad hoc capitulariter congregati
vtilitate et commodo nostris et dicti nostri monasterii ac successorum nos-
trorum vndique preuisis pensatis et diligenter consideratis longo et diligenti

^ Original in the possession of R W. Cochran-Patrick of Woodside.

2 C

194 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

tractatu ac matura deliberacione prehabitis in euidentem vtilitatem dicti
nostri monasterii et augmentacionem rentalis einsdem et ad decoram et
policiam reipublice regni et contemplacionem statutorum perliamenti de-
super editorum Necnon pro nonnullis gratitudinibus benemeritis et seniiciis
per honorabilem virum Hugonem Ealstoun de eodem nobis multipliciter
temporibus retroactis prestitis et impensis dedisse concessisse assedasse
arreDdasse et ad feudifirmam seu emphiteosim perpetuam heriditarie
dimisisse et hac presenti carta nostra confirmasse necnon tenore presencium
dare concedere assedare arrendare locare et ad feudifirmam seu emphiteosim
perpetuam hereditarie dimittere et hac presenti carta nostra confirmare dicto
Hugoni Ealstoun de eodem ac heredibus suis subscriptis totas et integras
nostras sex mercatas terrarum de Wodsyde et Tumorlande cum suis perti-
nenciis jacentes in baronia de Beith infra vicecomitatum de Air nunc per-
dictum Hugonem et eius tenentes ipsius nomine occupataB extendentes
nimc in nostro rentali in omnibus proficuis ipsis inuicem computatis annua-
tim ad summam septem mercarum vsualis monete regni Scotie et ad duo-
decem capones et duodecem gallinas Tenendas et habendas totas et integras
nostras sex mercatas terrarum antiqui extentus de Wodesyde et Tumorlande
cum suis pertinenciis dicto Hugoni Ealstoun de eodem et heredibus suis
masculis de corpore suo legitime procreatis seu procreandis quibus deficien-
tibus seniori heredum suarum feminearum de corpore suo legitime pro-
creatarum seu procreandarum absque diuisione terrarum antedictarum
Quibus omnibus deficientibus (quod absit) heredibus suis masculis quibus-
cunque de nobis et successoribus nostris dicti monasterii abbatibus seu com-
mandatariis et conuentibus eiusdem pro tempore existentibus in feudifirma
seu emphiteosi et hereditate imperpetuimi per omnes rectas metas suas anti-
quas et diuisas prout jacent in longitudine et latitudine in domibus edificiis
boscis planis moris marresiis cum le mosrowme viis semitis aquis stangnis
riuulis pratis pascuis et pasturis molendinis multuris et eorum sequelis
aucupacionibus venacionibus piscacionibus petariis turbariis carbonibus
carbocidiis carbonariis cuniculis cuniculariis columbis columbariis fabrilibus
brasinis brueriis et genestis siluis nemoribus et virgultis lignis lapicidiis
lapide et calce cum curiis et earum exitibus heirzeldis et mulierum
merchetis cum communi pastura libero introitu et exitu ac cum omnibus
aliis et singulis libertatibus commoditatibus proficuis et asiamentis ac justis
suis pertinenciis quibuscumque tam non nominatis quam nominatis tam sub

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 195

terra quam supra terram procul et prope ad predictas terras cum pertinen-
ciis spectantibus seu juste spectare valentibus quomodolibet in futurum
libere quiete plenarie integre honorifice bene et in pace sine aliqua reuoca-
tione contradictione aut obstaculo aliquali Soluendo inde annuatim dictus
Hugo Raktoun de eodem heredes sui masculi de corpore suo legitime pro-
creati seu procreandi quibus deficientibus senior heredum suarum femi-
nearum de corpore suo legitime procreatarum seu procreandarum Quibus de-
ficientibus beredea sui masculi quicumque nobis et successoribus nostris
abbatibus seu conunendatariis dicti monasterii nostrisque et eorundem
camerariis ac factoribus pro tempore existentibus summam octo mercarum
vsualis monete Scooie ad duos anni terminos festa videlicet penthecostes
et sancti Martini in hieme per equales porciones nomine feudifirme in
augmentationem nostri rentalis annuatim ad summam tredecem solidorum
et quatuor denariorum monete prescripte plusquam vnquam terre antedicte
nobis aut predecessoribus nostris temporibus retroactis dederunt seu per-
soluerunt ac duodecem capones et duodecem gallinas solui consuetas
annuatim ac eciam tres sectas curie ad tria placita capitalia tenendum ^
annuatim apud nostrum monasterium de Eolwynnyng vnacum seruiciis
nobis et predicessoribus nostris debitis et consuetis secundum formam nostri
Rentalis : Necnon heredes antedicti prefati Hugonis duplicando dictam
feudifirmam vnius anni primo introitu ad prelibatas terras cum pertinenciis
prout vsus est feudifirme tantum pro omni alio onere exactione questione
demanda seu seruicio seculari que de dictis terris cum pertinenciis per quos-
cumque juste exigi poterunt quomodolibet vel requiri Et nos vero dictus
Gauinus commendatarius de Kilwynnyng et conuentus eiusdem ac successores
nostri commendatarii seu abbates et conuentus monasterii antedicti totas et
integras prenominatafi sex marcatas terrarum antiqui extentus de Wodesyde
et Tumorland cum suis pertinenciis dicto Hugoni Ralstoun et heredibus suis
masculis de corpore suo legitime procreatis seu procreandis Quibus deficien-
tibus seniori heredum suarum feminearum de corpore suo legitime pro-
creatarum seu procreandarum absque diuisione dictarum terrarum adeo libere
et quiete in omnibus et per omnia forma pariter et effectu ut premissum est
contra onmes mortales varantizabimus acquietabimus et imperpetuum
defendemus In cuius rei testimonium huic presenti carte nostre manibus
nostris subscripte sigillum commune capituli nostri est appensum apud

196 COLLECTIONS TOWAEDS A HISTORY OF

dictum nostrum monasterium septimo die mensis marcii anno domino mil-
lesimo quingentesimo quinquagesimo primo coram hiis testibus Patricio
Hammyltoun de Bogsyde Johanne M'CrenyU Alano Wilsone domino Evme-
nide Henrisone curato de Kilwynnyng Willelmo Greynschelis et Thoma
Park cum diuersis aliis.

(Signed) Gawinus commendatarius de Kilwynnyng.

Johannes Deyne Jacobus Browne Patricius Flescber Willehnus Wrycht,
Johannes Culper Alanus Steyne Jacobus MecheU Robertus Curry,
Johannes Deyne Willehnus Kirkpatrik.

Abstractt,

Charter by Gavin/ perpetual Commendator of the Monastery of Ealwin-
ning, and convent thereof, of the order of Saint Benedict, and in the diocese
of Glasgow, for the utility and advantage of the said monastery, the increase
of the rental thereof, and other considerations, granting to an honourable
man, Hugh Ralstoun,^ of that ilk, all and whole the six merk lands of
Woodside and Tumerland, in the barony of Beith and shire of Ayr, then
occupied by the said Hugh and his tenants, the whole yearly rental thereof
at the time being seven merks Scots twelve capons and twelve hens : To
hold to the said Hugh, and the heirs-male of his body ; whom faihng, the
eldest heir-female of his body, without division ; whom failing, to his heirs-
male whomsoever, of the abbots or commendators of the said monastery, in
feu-farm, fee, and heritage for ever, with all the pertinents of the said lands,
including marshes, with " le mosrowme,'* mills, multures, fowlings, huntings,
fishings, peats, turfs, coals, coal-pits, etc. ; paying therefor yearly the sum
of eight merks Scots in name of feu-farm, in augmentation of the rental to
the extent of thirteen shillings and fourpence — more than was ever paid in
times past, with the poultry already mentioned, and three suits of court at
the three head pleas held yearly at the said monastery, with the services
due and wont. Dated and sealed at the said monastery 7th March 1551.
(Seal wanting.)

1 See Pont* B Chiwrwngharne (Dobie's Edition, ^ See RobertBon's Ayrshire FomUieSy voL ii,

1876), p. 262. p. 259.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 197

33. Carta coiifirmationis Hugonis comitis de Eglingtoun. — [Ist Dec. 1552.]^

Maria Dei gratia Regina Scotorum Omnibus probis hominibus totius
terre sue clericis et laicis salutem Sciatis nos cum auisamento et consensu
authoritate charissimi nostri consanguinei et tutoris nostri Jacobi Ducis de
Chettellarault Arranie comitis Domini Hammiltoun regni nostri protectoris
et gubematoris Quandam cartam infeofamenti factam et datam per venera-
bilem in Christo patrem Gawinum commendatarium monasterii de Kilwyn-
nyng cum consensu totius capituli eiusdem capitulariter congregati dilecto
nostro consanguineo Hugoni comiti de Eglintoun et heredibus suis de toto
et integro justiciarie camerarie et balliatus officio omnium et singularum
terrarum dicto monasterio de KUwynning Kilmemok Lyandcroce Beith ac
omnium et singularum aliarum terrarum dicto monasterio spectantium et
pertinentium vbicunque jacent infra regnum nostrum cum potestate dicto
officio Justiciarie camerarie et balliatus vti et exercere Tenendo de dicto
commendatario et conuentu et successoribus eorundem in feudifirma et here-
ditate de mandato nostro visam lectam inspectam et diligenter examinatam
sanam integram non rasam non cancellatam nee in aliqua sui parte suspec-
tam ad plenum intellexisse sub hac forma Omnibus banc cartam visuris vel
audituris Gawinus permissione diuina commendatarius perpetuus Monasterii
de Kilwynning et eiusdem loci conuentus ordinis Sancti Benedicti Glas-
guensis diocesis salutem in Domino sempiternam attendentes et animo
reuoluentes quod non solum vtile verumetiam nobis et successoribus nostris
de prouido et legali Justiciario Camerario et balliuo pro administratione jus-
ticie tenentibus et incoHs terrarum nostrarum et possessionum seu eorum
defensione legitima contra quoscunque ipsos infestare molientes prouidere
necessarium est Necnon tenentes bonum fidele et vtile seruicium ac plenaria
beneficia gratitudines et supportationes retroactis temporibus per predeces-
sores magnifici et prepotentis Domini Hugonis comitis de Eglintoun
Domini Montgomery in tuitione protectione et defentione jurium et liberta-
tum dicti nostri monasterii Et signanter in expugnatione et resistentia
malignorum et hereticorum hominum hiis temporibus nostrum monasterium
annuatim terrasque nostras et possessiones inuadere temptantium et proficua
earundem diripientium Necnon quod predecessores dicti comitis habuerunt

^ Eegisifum Magni SigiUi, lib. 31, No. 77.

198 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

assedationem diet! officii per longum tempus immediate precedens et ad
amios faturos Acetiam ad effectom vt ipsi comes antedictua et heredes sui
temporibus futuris resistant omni heretice prauitati libertatemque ecclesie
solidam suis bonis et rebus defendant Acetiam propter fidele bonmn et
gratnitum seruicium nobis nostrisque famulis et tenentibus temporibus
elapsis quibus eodem egebamus quoad multiphariam predecessores dicti
comitis nobis impenderunt Noueritis igitur nos vnacum consensu et assensu
ad hoc capitulariter congregati vtilitate et commodo nostris et successorum
nostrorum et dicti nostri monasterii vndique pieuisis pensatis et diligenter
consideratis ac longo et diligenti tractatu et matura deliberatione prehabitis
dedisse concessisse et hac presenti carta nostra confirmasse Necnon tenore
presentium dare concedere et hac presenti carta nostra confirmare prefato
potenti Domino Hugoni comiti de Eglintoun ac heredibus suis in feudifirma
et hereditate impeipetuum Totum et integrum Justiciarie camerarie et bal-
Uatus offidum omnium et singulaxum terrarum dicti nostri monasterii de
Eilwynning Eolmemok Lyandcroce Baith et onmium aliarum et singularum
terrarum nostrarum eiusdem monasterii vbicunque infra regnum Scotie exis-
tentium jacentium excercendum vsitandum et exequendum vt infra videlicet
Dando concedendo et conmiittendo dicto comiti et suis heredibus nostram
puram liberam et omnimodam potestatem ac mandatum speciale et generale
pro nobis et successoribus nostris nostrorumque nomine curias balliatus
nostri super prefatis nostris terris et possessionibus locis antedictis quoties
prefato comiti et suis heredibus visum fuerit necessarium et oportunum
tenentibus incolis et earundem inhabitatoribus ac aliis quibuscunque quorum
interest seu interesse poterit affigendi inchoandi affirmandi tenendi et pro-
rogandi ac quociens opus fuerit continuandi sectas vocari faciendi absentes
amerciandi transgressores puniendi amerciamenta et prefati balliatus eschaetas
curiarum leuandi et ad nostros nostrorumque successorum vsus applicandi et
importandi et pro eisdem si opus fuerit namandi et distringendi et de eis
compotum ratiocinium faciendi Ac pro nostris similiter firmis proficuis et
deuoriis quoties requisiti fuerint namandi et distringendi et ad nostros vsus
proprios importandi nostros tenentes et inhabitantes terras nostras eorumque
catella et bona coram quibuscunque judicibus attachiata et axrestata ad
priuiligium et libertatem dicte nostre regalitatis replegiandi et reducendi
cautionem de colleraith pro justicia partibus conquerentibus infra iuris
terminum limitandi assignandi et ministrandi Inueniendi dandi et prestandi

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 199

deputatos vnum seu plures sub ipsis cum clerico seriando Judicatore et aliis
officiariis justicie ministris et necessariis quibuscunque ad dictam curiam
nostri balliatus faciendi creandi ordinandi substituendi et jurari faciendi pro
quibus respondere tenebuntur/ Prouiso tamen ille seriandus qui creabitur aut
deputabitur pro importatione fructuum reddituum prouentuum et deuori-
arum dicti nostri monasterii per nos et successores nostros pro tempore prius
nominabitur et elegitur habebitque annuatim pro suo feodo deuoriam per
tenentes dicti monasterii seriando solui solitam et consuetam Et quod non
licebit prefato comiti nee suis successoribus vnum seriandum pro leuatione
et importatione dictorum fructuum et deuoriarum deputare aut creare nisi
premitus seriandus ille per nos et nostros successores dicti monasterii pro
tempore electus seu nominatus fuerit nee vUo alteri seriando non electo aut
nominato vt predicitur licebit vllos prefatorum fructuum proficuum leuare
aut cum eiisdem Necnon Justiciarie camerarie et regalitatis nostre curias
super prefatis nostris terns et possessionibus cum pertinentiis in locis solitis
et consuetis toties quoties nobis nostrisque successoribus visum fuerit expe-
diens oportunum et necessarium et per nos mandatum fuerit et non alias
Sic quod non licebit prefato comiti nee suis heredibus curiam seu curias pre-
fatas Justiciarie camerarie statuere inchoare prefigere aut continuare citra
mandatum nostrum speciale aut circa premissa vllum processum deducere
nisi prius ad hoc nostro habito mandato tenentes nostros de terris nostris et
possessionibus legitime ex nostro speciali mandato removendum et ducien-
dum aliosque tenentes in eisdem inducendum et imponendum Et generaliter
omnia alia et singula faciendum gerendum et exercendum que ad officium
predictum in premissis seu simili de jure seu consuetudine regni pertinere
dinoscuntur Etiam si mandatum magis exigat speciale quam presentibus
est expressum ratum et gratum habentes et habituros totum id et eius
heredes aut eorum deputati seu deputandi vel oflGiciarii coniunctim et diuisim
nomine nostro in premissis aut premissorum aliquo rite duxerit seu duxerint
faciendum sub ypotheca omnium bonorum nostrorum presentium et futuro-
rum Tenendum et habendum Totum et integrum dictum officium cum per-
tinentiis dicto comiti et heredibus suis de nobis et successoribus nostris in
feudifirma et hereditate imperpetuum cum omnibus et singulis libertatibus
commoditatibus proficuis et asiamentis ac iustis suis pertinentiis quibuscim-
que vt supra specificatis ad prefatum officium spectantibus seu iuste spectare
valentibus quomodolibet in futurum libere quiete plenarie integre honorifice

200 COLLECTIONS TOWAEDS A HISTORY OF

bene et in pace sine aliquo impedimento reuocatione contradictione aut
obstaculo aliquali Assignantes et dantes dicto comiti et suis heredibus pro
eorum laboribus in prefati balliatus officio vsu et fimctione annuatim sum-
mam quadraginta librarum monete Scotie de nostris terris et baronia de
Beith leuandam et percipiendam in eorum feodo sen salario Volumus quod
singuli nostri tenentes tam liberi quam alii inhabitantes omni tempore
affiituro in nostrum et nostrorum successorum absenciis in omnibus equi-
tationibus exercitibus guerris et seruiciis domine nostre Regine aut principis
eidem comiti et suis heredibus et deputatis nostris balliuis prompte pareant
obediant et seruiant Reseruando tamen nobis et nostris successoribus ariagia
cariagia et alia seruicia seculari in omnibus equitationibus exercitibus guenis
et seruiciis dicte domine nostre Regine aut principis Reddendo inde annua-
tim dictus comes et heredes sui nobis et successoribus nostris vnum denarium
argentem super solum dictarum terranim in festo penthecostes nomine albe
firme Necnon dictus comes et sui heredes omni tempore affuturo ad suam
exactam diligentiam cum eorum presentia amicis bonis consanguineis et
assistentibus contra quoscunque inuaaores in omnibus casibus causis et
actionibus nos nostros successores monasteriumque nostrum annuatim de-
fendant Et similiter exactam faciant suam diligentiam vt singuli tenentes
et occupatores terrarum dicti nostri monasterii nobis nostrisue factoribus et
camerariis firmas terrarum proficua et deuoria debite persoluant tantum pro
omni alio onere exactione questione demanda sen seruicio seculari que de
predicto officio exigi poterunt quomodolibet vol requiri Et nos vero Gavinus
commendatarius et conuentus antedicti et successores nostri Totum et inte-
grum predictum officium cum omnibus suis pertinentiis in omnibus et per
omnia forma pariter et effectu dicto comiti et heredibus suis vt premissum
est contra omnes mortales warantizabimus acquietabimus et iraperpetuum
defendemus In cuius rei testimonium huic presenti carte nostre manibus
nostris subscripte sigiUum commune capituli nostri est appensum Apud Kil-
wynning decimo nono die mensis Mail Anno Domini millesimo quingen-
tesimo quinquagesimo secimdo coram his testibus dominis Ewmende Henry-
soun Leone Jaksoun capeUanis et Jacobo Hammiltoim cum diuersis aliis
Quamquidem cartam et infeofamentum in eadem contentum in omnibus
suis punctis et articulis conditionibus et modis ac circumstanciis suis quibus-
cunque in omnibus et per omnia forma pariter et effectu vt premissum est
approbamus ratificamus ac pro nobis et successoribus nostris pro perpetuo

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 201

confirmamuB Reseruando nobis et successoribus nostris jura et seruicia dic-
torum officiorum ante banc presentem confirmationem nobis et successoribus
nostris solita et consueta Insuper nos cum auisamento et consensu predicti
tutoris volumus et concedimus ac pro nobis et successoribus nostris decerni-
mus et ordinamus quod bee presens nostra confirm atio tanti erit roboris
vigoris et efficatie dicto nostro consanguineo et heredibus suis in futurum
ac si eadem per nos ante sasinam eorundem captam per prefatum nostrum
consanguineum de buiusmodi ofl&ciis concessa fuisset non obstante sasina per
ipsum inde capta cum quo nos cum consensu antedicto cum dicto nostro
consanguineo Hugone comite de Eglintoun per presentes dispensamus In
cuius rei testimonium buic presenti carte nostre confirmationis magnum
sigillum nostrum apponi precepimus Testibus prout in aliis cartis preceden-
tibus consimiUs date [reuerendissimo in Cbristo patre Johanne ^ Archiepis-
copo Sancti Andree etc. thesaurario nostro dilectis nostris consanguineis
Georgio comite de Huntlie ac Morauie Domino Gordoun et Badzenacb can-
cellario nostro ^ Axcbibaldo comite Ergadie domino Campbell et Lome, etc.*
venerabili in Cbristo patre Georgio commendatario monasterii nostri de
Dunfermling nostri secreti sigilli custode dilectis nostris familiaribus magis-
tris Thoma Marioribankis de Eatbo nostrorum rotulorum registri ac consilii
clerico Jobanne BeUenden de Auchnoule nostre justiciarie clerico et Alex-
andro Levyngstoun de Donypace nostre cancellarie directore] Apud Edin-
burgh primo die mensis Decembris Anno Domini miUesimo quingentesimo
quinquagesimo secundo et regni nostri decimo.

Abstract.

Confirmation by Mary, Queen of Scots, under the Great Seal, of a charter
granted by Gavin, Commendator of the Monastery of Kilwinning and Con-
vent of the same, in favour of Hugh, Earl of Eglinton,* whereby, on the
narrative of the usefulness and necessity to the said monastery of a prudent
and legal justiciar, chamberlain, and bailie, for the administration of justice

1 John Hamilton, natural son of the Earl of tuted Chancellor in 1546, and died 1562. —
Arran, was Archbishop of St Andrews 1546- Crawfurd's Officers of State, p. 82.

1570. ^ Archibald, fourth Earl of ArgyU, died in

1558. — ^Douglas's Peerage, vol. i. p. 91.

2 George, Earl of Huntly, was bom in 1513 ; * Third Earl of Eglinton, 1546-1585.— jakfewic-
succeeded his grandfiEither in 1523 ; was consti- rials of the Montgomeries, vol. i. p. 40.

202 COLLECTIONS TOWAEDS A HISTORY OF

to the tenants and inhabitants of the lands of the said monastery, and for
their lawful defence against any that attempted to trouble them ; and also
remembering the useful service and rich benefits rendered by the predeces-
sors of Hugh, Earl of Eglinton, in the safeguard and defence of the rights
and liberties of the said monastery, and especially in opposing by force, and
resisting malignant and heretical men, in these times attempting every year
to invade their monastery and lands and possessions, and to rob their
revenues ; and also that the predecessors of the earl had for a long period
held the said office ; and also to the effect that the said earl and his heirs
might in time to come resist all heretical doctrine, and defend the solid liberty
of the church ; and finally, for the faithful, good, and thankful service done
by the said earl's predecessors, to them and their servants in times past
when they were needful of it, therefore they gave and granted to the said
Hugh, Earl of Eglinton, and his heirs in feu-farm and heritage for ever, all
and whole the office of justiciary, chamberlainry, and bailiary of all and
sundry the lands of the said Monastery of Kilwinning, Kilmarnock, Lyand-
croce, Beith, and others, wheresoever lying in the kingdom of Scotland :
Giving and committing to the said earl full power to hold courts of bailiary,
and to administer justice in the usual way : To hold of the said Abbot and
his successors in feu and heritage ; assigning to the said earl and his heirs,
for their labours in the said office, the sum of £40 Scots furth of the lands
and barony of Beith as their fee and salary ; willing that the tenants of the
said lands and other inhabitants, in the absence of the said Commendator
and his successors, should promptly obey and serve the said earl and his
heirs in all raids, hosts, wars, and services of the Queen or Prince ; reserv-
ing, however, the arriage, carriage, and other secular services in all such
raids, hosts, and wars : The said earl and his heirs rendering to the granter
and his successors yearly the sum of one silver penny upon the ground of
the said lands in name of blench : Providing also that the said earl and his
heirs should do exact diligence in time coming with their presence, jGriends,
goods, kinsmen, and assistants, against any invaders, and defend the said
monastery in all cases, causes, and actions, etc. Dated at Kilwinning 19th
May 1552. The confirmation is dated at Edinburgh Ist December same
year.

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 2Q3

34. ConJirmcUion of a Charter by Gavin^ Commendator of Kilwinning, to
Alexander Terhert^ of the Lands of Corshill; with other relative
Docuinents. — Dated at Glasgow 18th July 1559.^

Vniuersis et singulis sancte matris ecclesie filiis presentes literas inspec-
turis visuris lecturis pariter et audituris Joannes Hammyltone succentor
Villelmus Hammyltone et Joannes Layng ecclesie metropolitane Glas-
guensis canonici Judices commissarii et executores delegati cum ilia clausula
discretioni vestre committimus et mandamus ac vohis aut duohus vestrum
coniunctim procedentilms, etc., ad Infrascripta a sede apostolica specialiter
deputati Salutem In omnium Saluatore et nostris huiusmodi Imouerius apos-
tolicis firmiter obedire mandatis. Literas Reuerendissimi in Christo patris
et domini Joannis miseratione diuina Sancti andree archiepiscopi regni
Scotie primatis ac cum potestate legati a latere sancte sedis apostolice legati
sigillo legationis sue apostolice cera rubea albe impressa capsula ferrea
oblonga circumdata a fills rubeis more ipsius legationis apostolice impendente
necnon literas sine cartam venerabilis in Christo patris et domini Gauini per-
missione diuina monasterii de Kilwynnyng ordinis diui Benedicti Glas-
guensis diocesis perpetui commendatarii et conuentus eiusdem pergameno
scriptas sigillo commimi dicti monasterii ac subscriptionibus manualibus
dictorum commendatarii et conuentus subscriptas et sigillatas ac etiam
instrumentum saisine sanas siquidem et integras non vitiatis non cancellatas
non rasas nee in aliqua sui parte suspectas sed omni prorsus vitio et suspi-
cione vt in eis prima facie apparebat carentes nobis per prouidum virum
Alexandrum Terbert coram notario publico et testibus infra scriptis pre-
sentatas nos cum ea qua decuit reuerentia noueritis recepisse huiusmodi sub
tenore Joannes miseratione diuina archiepiscopus Sanctiandree Regni Scotie
primas ac cum potestate Legati a latere sedis apostolice Legatus Dilectis
nobis in Christo Ecclesie Glasguensis succentori et Willelmo Hammyltone
ac Johanni Layng eiusdem ecclesie canonicis Salutem ex iniuncto nobis ab
apostolice sedis culmine Legationis officio ad ea nostre mentis cogitatus pro-
pensius dirigat debemus per que singulorum locorum ecclesiasticorum pre-
sertim regularium et monasteriorum ac personarum inibi pro vite studio
degentium et vota sua abiectis mundanis illecebris sub suaui religionis et

^ From Paper in possession of J. Whitefoord Mackenzie, Esq.

204 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

contemplationis jugo abissimo persoluentium commoditatibus consiilitur et
vtilitatibus subuenitur exhibita siquidem nobis nuper pro parte dilectorum
nobis in Christo incolaxum habitantoram et colonorum de Kilwynnyng
Beith et Lyencorse Glasguensis diocesis petitio continebat Quod alias dilectus
nobis in Christo Gauinus perpetuus commeDdatarius monasterii de Kil-
wynnyng ordinis Sancti Benedicti Glasguensis diocesis cupiens dicti mona-
sterii conditionem eflScere meliorem de consensu prions et conuentus eiusdem
monasterii ad infra scripta capitulariter congregatorum Necnon pro diuersis
pecuniarum summis sibi per dictos exponentes gratanter et integre persolutis
et In ipsius monasterii illiusque domorum regularium et dormitorii ac re-
fectorii ad summum ab imo dirutorum reparationem et restaurationem
conuersis et conuertendis habito etiam desuper diligenti tractatu ac matura
deliberatione Totam et integram baroniam et seu terras de Kilwynnyng
Beitb et Lyencorse dicte diocesis juxta suos fines sitas et positas et ad ipsum
monasterium legitime spectantes et pertinentes tenendas et habendas eisdem
exponentibus pro seipsis eorumque forsan heredibus et successoribus mas-
culis quibuscunque etiam coniunctim et separatim seu diuisim dedit concessit
locauit et arrendauit ac in feudifirmam et hereditariam emphiteosim sub
certo annuo canone sine censu et redditu summam quinquaginta librarum
stirlingorum secundum communem estimationem non excedentem in certis
locis et terminis soluendam ac cum nonnullis pactis legibus et conditionibus
declarationibus limitationibus tunc expressis in euidentem dicti monasterii
vtilitatem et commodum ac augmentationem rentalis seu annui redditus
eiusdem plusquam vnquam terre predicte predecessoribus suis soluere con-
sueuerunt dimisit et alias alia fecit prout in diuersis cartis et auctenticis
desuper confectis Uteris plenius continetur cum autem sicut ea subpigebat
petitio dationes concessiones arrendationes et dimissiones huiusmodi in
euidentem dicti monasterii vtilitatem cesserint et cedant cupiantque ex-
ponentes prefati illas pro earum subsistentia firmiori apostolice confirma-
tionis munimine roborari supplicari fecerunt humiliter et super bis per sedem
eandem de opportuno remedio nunc prouideri Nos igitur ad infrascripta
sufficenti facultate instante de premissis certam notitiam non habentes ac
baronie et seu terrarum huiusmodi veriores situs confines veteres annuos
valores qualitates quantitates et circumstancias ac veriora vocabula necnon
cartam et seu literas prefatas hie forsan latius de necessitate exprimentes
tenores pro plene et sufficienter expressis habentes et attendentes quod in his

THE MONASTERY OP KILWINNING. 205

In quibuB singulonim locorum ecclesiasticorum euidens procuratur vtilitas
fauorabiles esse debemus atque benigni auctoritate apostolica nobis concessa
et qua fungimur in hac parte discretioni vestre committimus mandamus
quatenus vos vel duo vestrum coniunctim procedentes vocatis vocandis de
dationibus concessionibus arrendationibus et dimissionibus predictis dili-
genter vos informetis Et si per informationem eandem quod ille In euidentem
dicti monasterii vtilitatem cesserint et cedant Repereritis super quibus con-
scientiam vestram oneramus dationes concessiones arrendationes et dimis-
siones easdem ac prout illas concernunt omnia et singula in carta et sen
Uteris predictis contenta et inde secuta quecunque licita tamen et honesta
etiam cum veriori si videbitur omni tenore cartarum et sen literarum huius-
modi productione expressione et insertione dicta auctoritate specialiter
vel generaliter approbetis et confirmetis eisque perpetue firmitatis robur
adiiciatis ac ea valida et efficatia existere suosque plenarios effectus sortiri
ac perpetuo iuuiolabiliter obseruari sic que per quoscunque judices et com-
missarios quauis etiam authoritate fungentes sublata eis et eorum cuilibet
quauis etiam aliter judicandi et interpretandi facultate et auctoritate judi-
cari et interpretari debere ac quicquid secus attemptari contigerit irritum
et inane decematis supplendo omnes et singulos tam juris quam facti de-
fectus si qui forsan interuenerint in eisdem Non obstantibus premissis et
felicis recordationis Pauli pape ij. de rebus ecclesie non alienandis et qui-
busuis aliis apostolicis ac in prouincialibus et synodalibus editis generalibus
vel specialibus conciliis constitutionibus et ordinacionibus necnon mona-
sterii et ordinis predictorum statutis et consuetudinibus etiam juramento
confirmatione apostolica vel quauis firmitate alia roboratis priuilegiis
quoque indultis et Uteris apostoUcis eisdem monasterio et conuentui ac
ordini iUorumque superioribus et personis sub quibuscunque tenoribus et
formis ac cum quibusuis etiam derogatoriarum derogatoriis aliisque fortiori-
bus efficatioribus et insoUtis clausuUs irritantibus et aUis decretis iteratis
vicibus concessis approbatis et Innouatis Quibus omnibus Ulorum tenores
ac si de verbo ad verbum nihil penitus omisso et forma in ilUs tradita
obseruata foret insererentur presentibus pro plene et sufficienter expressis
habentes insertis et obseruatis ilUs aUas in suo robore permansuris hac vice
duntaxat speciaUter et expresse derogamus ceterisque contrariis quibus-
cunque. Datum Edinburgi nostre Sanctiandree diocesis anno Incamationis
dominice miUesimo quingentesimo quinquagesimo octauo pridie nonas

206 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

decembris pontificatus sanctissimi domini nostri Pauli quarti anno quarto.
Sequitur tenor carte Omnibus banc cartam visuris vel audituiis Gauinus
permissione diuina commendatarius monasterii de Kilvynnyng et conuentus
eiusdem ordinis diui Benedict! Glasguensis diocesis Salutem in Domino
sempiternam Noueritis nos vnanimi consensu et assensu ad boc capitulariter
conoreo^atorum vtilitate et commodo nostris et successorum nostrorum
vndique preuisis et pensatis diligenti tractatu et matura deliberatione pre-
babitis ac pro politia in regno babenda in euidentem vtilitatem dicti nostri
monasterii et in augmentationem rentalis eiusdem ac pro quibusdam summis
pecuniarum nobis pre manibus per dilectum nostrum Alexandrum Terbert ad
reparationem predicti nostri monasterii ruinosi et caduci gratanter et integre
persolutis in pecunia numerata dedisse concessisse arrendasse locasse et ad
feudifirmam bereditarie dimississe et bac presenti carta nostra confirmasse
necnon dare concedere arrendare locare et ad feudifirmam bereditarie dimittere
et bac presenti carta nostra confirmare pro nobis et successoribus nostris pro
perpetuo prefato Alexandro Tarbart et suis beredibus masculis propinquiori-
bus quibuscunque totas et integras nostras viginti solidatas noui extentus
terrarum de Corsbill nunc per eundem Alexandrum inbabitatas jacentes in
perocbia et regalitate nostra de Kilwynnyng Balliuatu de Conygbam et infra
vicecomitatum de Aire Tenendas et babendas totas et integras memoratas terras
de Corsbill cum pertinenciis prefato Alexandro Tarbart et suis beredibus vt
supra de nobis et successoribus nostris in feudifirma et bereditate imper-
petuum per onmes rectas metas suas antiquas et diuisas prout jacent in
longitudine et latitudine in boscis planis moris merresiis viis semitis aquis
stagnis riuulis pratis pascuis et pasturis aucupationibus venationibus pisca-
tionibus petariis turbariis carbonibus carbonariis cuniculis cuniculariis colum-
bis columbariis bortis pomeriis sUuis nemoribus virgultis lignis tignis lapicidiis
lapide et calce fabrilibus brasinis brueriis genestis et mulierum mercbetis
cum communi pastura liberis introitu et exitu ac cum omnibus aliis et
singulis Ubertatibus commoditatibus proficuis ac justis suis pertinenciis
quibuscunque tam non nominatis quam nominatis tarn subtus terra quam
supra terram procul et prope ad predictas terras cum pertinenciis spec-
tantibus seu juste spectare valentibus quomodolibet in futurum libere quiete
integre bonorifice bene et in pace sine impedimento aut reuocatione quacunque
Reddendo inde annuatim prefatus Alexander Terbert et beredes sui vt supra
nobis nostris successoribus et camerariis sununam viginti solidorum monete

THE MONASTEEY OF KILWINNING. 207

tanquam firmam ante presentem infeodationem pro eisdem terris solui solitam
et consuetam vnacum summa quadraginta denariorum monete ratione augmen-
tationis presentis infeodationis plusquam vnquam terre antedicte nobis aut pre-
decessoribus nostris antea persoluerunt seu dederunt extendentem in toto ad
summam viginti trium soHdonim et quatuor denariorum monete ad festa
videlicet penthecostes et Sancti martini in hieme per equales portiones et
omnia alia debita et deuoria in nostra antiquo rentali contenta vnacum
multuris molendinis nostris debitis et consuetis Necnon prestando presentiam
personalem vel tres sectas curie ad nostra tria placita capitalia cum seruitiis
in curiis nostris Justiciarie et camerarie cum contigerint Necnon heredes
dicti Alexandri duplicabunt dictam feudifinnam primo anno eorum introitus
ad predictas terras cum pertinentiis prout vsus est feudifirme tantum pro
omni alio onere exactione questione demanda seu seruitio seculari que de
.predictis terris cum pertinentiis per quoscunque juste exigi poterunt quomo-
dolibet vel requiri Prouiso etiam si duo termini currant in tertium terminum
solutione minime facta de canone et feudifirma suprascriptis ad terminos
vsitatos et prescriptos eo casu volumus quod dicta locatio feudifirme nullius
sit roboris aut momenti et vacabit de cetero ac si presens locatio minime
fuisset facta sine aliquo processu aut strepitu juris Et reseruamus quod non
licebit prefato Alexandro suisve heredibus alienare aut vendere predictas
terras sine aliquam partem earundem sine licentia nostra aut successorum
nostrorum desuper petita et obtenta sub pena forisfacture et amissionis iUius
partis terrarum alienati seu venditati Et si secus fecerint casu quo supra
volumus quod dicta locatio feudifirme nullius sit roboris aut momenti ac si
presens locatio mimine fuisset facta sine aliquo processu aut strepitu juris
Et nos vero prefati commendatarius et conuentus et nostri successores totas
et integras prenominatas terras de Corshill cum pertinentiis prefato Alexandro
Terbert et heredibus suis vt supra in omnibus et per omnia forma pariter et
effectu vt premissum est contra omnes mortales varantizabimus acquietabimus
et defendemus imperpetuum Insuper dilectis nostris Jacobo Hammilton de
Wodsyde coniunctim et diuisim balliuis nostris in hac parte specialiter
constitutis Salutem Quia assedauimus arrendauimus et ad feudifinnam
hereditarie dimisimus dilecto nostro Alexandro Terbert et heredibus suis
masculis propinquioribus quibuscunque Totas et integras nostras viginti
solidatas noui extentus terrarum de CorshiU cum pertinentiis per eundem
Alexandrum tempore confectionis presentium occupatas jacentes in perochia

208 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A fflSTOBY OP

et regaUtate nostra de Kilwynnyng balliuatu de Conyghame et infra
vicecomitatum de Aire prout in presenti carta nostra desuper confecta plenius
continetur Vobis igitur et vestrum cuilibet coniunctim et diuisim firmiter
precipimus et mandamus quatenus visis presentibus indilate statum saisinam
hereditariam ac possessionem realem actualem et corporalem omnium et
singularum dictarum terrarum de Corshill prefato Alexandro vel eius
actornato latori presentium secundum formam et tenorem huius presentis
carte nostre juste haberi faciatis et deliberetis Et hoc nullo modo omittatis
Ad quod faciendum vobis et vestrum cuilibet coniunctim et diuisim nostram
plenariam et irreuocabUem tenore presentium committimus potestatem. In
cuius rei testimonium sigillum commune capituli nostri presentibus manibus
nostris subscriptis est appensum apud Kilwynnyng die decimo octauo mensis
decembris anno Domini millesimo quingentesimo quinquagesimo septimo
coram his testibus Roberto Hammiltone camerario de Kilwynnyng Jacobo
Hammilton de Wodsyde Alexandro Cowper de Brigend Roberto Masoune
sic subscribebatur Gawinus commendatarius de Kilwynnyng Joannes Culpar
Jacobus Browne Patricius Fleschear Willelmus Wryght Alanus Stene
Jacobus Mechel Robertus Curry Joannes Dene WUlelmus KUpatrik Georgius
Morisone Dauid Wynzet Alexander Henderson Sequitur tenor saisine In
Dei nomine, Amen ; per hoc presens publicum instrumentum cunctis pateat
euidenter quod anno Incarnationis dominice millesimo quingentesimo quin-
quagesimo septimo die vero mensis decembris vigesimo quarto Indictione
decima quinta Pontificatus Sanctissimi in Christo Patris Domini Pauli diuina
prouidentia pape quarti anno tertio. In mei notarii publici et testium sub-
scriptorum presentia personaliter constitutus honorabilis vir Jacobus Ham-
milton de Wodsyde balliuus in hac parte venerabilis in Christo patris
Gawini commendatarii monasterii de KUwynnyng et conuentus eiusdem
virtute et vigore precepti sasine in quadam carta feudifirme inserti sub eorum
manualibus subscriptionibus et communi sigillo loci eiusdem cera alba
pendente roborata eidem balliuo presentata per Alexandrum Terbert causa
et occasione status et saisine sibi reddende Quam vero cartam cum precepto
in eadem mihi notario publico perlegendum tradidit sub tenore vt sequitur
Insuper dilectis nostris Jacobo Hammyltone de Wodsyde coniimctim et
diuisim Balliuis nostris in hac parte specialiter constitutis Salutem Quia
assedauimus arrendauimus et ad feudifirmam hereditarie dimisimus dilecto
nostro Alexandro Terbert et heredibus suis masculis propinquioribus quibus-

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 209

cunque totas et integras nostras viginti solidatas noui extentus terrarum de
Corshill tempore confectionis pre^entium inhabitatas per dictum Alexandrum
jacentes in perochia et regalitate de ELilwynnyng balliuatu de Conygham et
infra vicecomitatum de Aire Tenendas de nobis et successoribus nostris in
feudifirma et hereditate prout in carta nostra desuper confecta plenius con-
tinetur Vobis igitur et vestrum cuilibet firmiter precipimus et mandamus
balliuis nostris antedictis quatenus visis presentibus in dilate statum et
saisinam hereditariam necnon realem actualem et corporalem possessionem
omnium et singularum dictarum terrarum de Corshill cum pertinentiis
prefato Alexandro Terbert vel suo certo attomato latori presentium secundum
formam et tenorem presentis carte nostre juste deliberetis et haberi faciatis
Ad quod faciendum vobis et vestrum cuilibet coniunctim et diuisim nostram
plenariam et irreuocabilem tenore presentium committimus potestatem. In
cuius rei testimonium sigillum commune capituli nostri nostris manibus
subscriptis presentibus est appensum apud Kilwynnyng die decimo octauo
mensis decembris anno domini millesimo quingentesimo quinquagesimo
septimo coram his testibus Roberto Hammilton camerario de ELilwynnyng
Jacobo Hammiltone de Wodsyde Alexandro Cowper de Brigend Roberto
Mason subscriptiones eorundem Gauinus commendatarius de Kilwynnyng
Johannes Culpar Jacobus Browne Patricius Flescher Willelmus Wryght
' Alanus Stene Jacobus Mechell Robertus Curry Johannes Deyne Willelmus
Kilpatrik Georgius Moresoun Dauid Wynzet Alexander Hendersone. Post
perlecturam huiusmodi precepti dictus balliuus personaliter accessit ad
solum dictarum terrarum de Corshill et ibidem manu sua propria statum et
saisinam hereditariam necnon realem actualem et corporalem possessionem
omnium et singularum prescriptarum terrarum de Corshill cum pertinentiis
prefato Alexandro Terbert per terre et lapidis fundi earundem exhibi-
tionem contulit et donauit secundum formam et tenorem sue carte Acta
crant hec super fundum dictarum terrarum hora octaua ante meridiem sub
anno die indictione et pontificatu prenotatis Presentibus ibidem Roberto
Hammiltone camerario de Kylwynnyng Alexandro Masone Willelmo Miller
et Petro Brown testibus ad premissa rogatis et requisitis Sic subscribebatur
Et ego vero Alexander Cowpar clericus Glasguensis diocesis publicus sacra
auctoritate apostolica notarius Quia premissis omnibus et singulis dum sic
vt premittitur dicerentur agerentur et fierent vnacum prenominatis testibus
presens personaliter Interfui Eaque omnia et singula sic fieri vidi sciui et audiui

210 COLLECTIONS TOWAEDS A HISTOEY OF

ac in notam cepi ex qua hoc presens publicum instrumentum manu alterius
fideliter scriptum exinde confeci et in banc publicam formam instrumenta-
lem redegi signoque et nomine et subscriptione solitis et consuetis signauL In
[fidem et] testimonium veritatis omnium et singulorum premissorum Rogatus
et requisitus. Post Quarumquidem literarum apostolicarum carte et saisine
predictarum presentationem et receptionem nobis et per nos vt premittitur
factas fuimus per prefatum Alexandrum Terbert principalem pro se et here-
dibus suis subscriptis debita cum instantia requisiti quatenus ad executionem
dictarum literarum apostolicarum et contentorum in eisdem juxta traditam

sen directam in eisdem nobis a sede apostolica predicta formam procedere
curaremus Nos igitur Joannes HammUtone succentor Willelmus Ham-
miltone et Joannes Layng ecclesie metropolitane Glasguensis canonici
judices executores et conunissarii delegati prefati attendentes requisi-
tionem huiusmodi fore justam et rationi consonam volentesque mandatum
apostolicum huiusmodi reuerenter exequi vt tenemur Primitus tamen et
ante omnia pro infrascriptorum vberiori executione facienda venerabilem in
Christo patrem et dominum Gauinum permissione diuina monasterii de
Kilwynnyng ordinis Sancti Benedicti Glasguensis diocesis perpetuum com-
mendatarium et conuentum eiusdem speciaUter nominatos et in specie
Omnesque alios et singulos sua communiter vel diuisim interesse habentes
sen habere pretendentes Quosque infrascriptum tangebat negotium sen
tangere poterat quomodolibet in futurum generaliter et in genere in prefato
monasterio et in valuis ecclesie eiusdem per literas nostras citatorias patentes
sigillis nostris roboratas ac manu notarii pubUci subscripti coram nobis in
huiusmodi negotio scribe et tabellionis deputati signatas et subscriptas
debiteque executas et indorsatas ad comparendum coram nobis seu duobus
nostrum coniunctim In ecclesia metropolitana Glasguensi et in insula
diui Michaelis Archangeli infra eandem die et hora infrajscriptis Ad viden-
dum et audiendum dationem concessionem et ad feudifirmam ac emphiteosim
perpetuam dimissionem de totis et integris viginti solidatis terrarum antiqui
extentus de Corshill nunc inhabitatis per dictum Alexandrum cum suis
pertinentiis jacentibus in perrochia et regalitate de Kilwynnyng balliuatu
de Conygham et infra vicecomitatum de Aire in preinserta carta expressatis
et specificatis Et ad dictum Gauinum et pro tempore existentem abbatem
seu commendatarium et conuentum dicti monasterii de Kilwynnyng legitiem
spectantibus ac per eundem Gavinum commendatarium dicti monasterii

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 211

modernum de expressis consensu et assensu conuentus eiusdem prefato
Alexandre Terbert et heredibus suis masculis propinquioribus quibuscunque
per suas cartam et literas patentes sen instrumenta publica In euidentem
tamen dicti monasterii de Kilwynnyng et Gavini illius commendatarii
moderni et conuentus eiusdem ac successorum suorum omnium In eodem
monasterio pro tempore canonice intrantium vtilitatem factas et concessas
ac omnia et singula in dictis preinsertis Uteris apostolicis ac carta instru-
mentisque prefatis contenta et descripta Et prout illas et ilia concemunt
approbari et confirmari Eisque perpetue firmitatis robur adiici ac valida et
efficatia existere suosque plenarios effectus sortiri ac perpetuo inviolabiliter
obseruari Sic que per quoscunque judices quauis auctoritate fungentes
sublata eis et eorum cuilibet quauis aliter judicandi et interpretandi
facultate et auctoritate judicari et diflSniri debere ac quicquid secus
attemptari contigerit irritum et inane decemi Omnesque et singulos tam
juris quam facti defectus sequi forsan interuenerint in eisdem suppleri Ac
dictum dominum Gauinum commendatarium dicti monasterii de Kilwyn-
nyng modernum et conuentum eiusdem eorumque successores ad obserua-
tionem dationis concessionis et dimissionis predicti perpetuis futuris tem-
poribus teneri astringi et firmiter obligates esse et fore eadem auctoritate
apostolica antedicta similiter decerni et declarari Decretumque et auctori-
tatem nostram Immouerius apostolicam in premissis omnibus et singulis
prout justum foret interponi et vlterius ad videndum et audiendum
nonnullos testes fidedignos de et super recognitione carte literarum et
instrumentorum predictorum et eorundem sigillorum appositione manuaU-
umque subscriptionum in eisdem descriptorum necnon verificatione omnium
et singulorum in preinsertis Uteris apostolicis ac carta et aliis Uteris seu
instrumentis prefatis contentorum animique nostri in premissis omnibus et
singuUs informatione per nos recipi jurari et admitti Et super premissis
omnibus et singuUs et eorum occasione examinari et interrogari aliaque per
nos fieri que in Uteris apostoUcis preinsertis precipiuntur et mandantur vel
ad dicendum aUegandum et probandum causam seu causas rationabilem seu
rationabiles quare premissa omnia et singula fieri non debent legittime et
peremptorie citari fecimus jussimuia et mandauimus cum intimatione et
certificatione debitis et consuetis quoad sine dicti citati in dicte nostre
citationis termino comparere curauissent et nihil contra premissa aUegassent
seu probassent sine non comparuissent Nos nihilominus aut duo nostrum

212 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A fflSTORY OF

conjunctim ad premissa omnia et singula prout nobis in prefatis preinsertis
UteL apos^ J, precipe et «anC Ee prout ju,tl foxet procedere-
mus ipsorum sic citatorum absentia vel contumacia In aliquo non obstante
Quibusquidem die et hora aduenientibus comparuit coram nobis infra dictam
ecclesiam metropolitanam Glasguensem et in insula diui Michaelis archangeli
infra eandem pro tribunali sedentibus dictus Alexander Terbert pro se et
heredibus suis prescriptis Et prefatas literas nostras citatorias debite
executas- et indorsatas reportauit Nosque in causa et causis huiusmodi
coniunctim vt premittitur ac rite procedentes prefatum venerabilem patrem
Gauinum commendatarium monasterii de Kilwynnyng ordinis et diocesis
predictorum et conuentum eiusdem specialiter nominatos et in specie
omnesque alios et singulos sua communiter vel diuisim interesse habentes
seu habere pretendentes Quosque infrascriptum tangebat negotium seu
tangere poterat quomodolibet in futurum generaliter et in genere sic vt
premittitur legittime et peremptorie citatos trina vice per notarium publicum
subscriptum coram nobis in huiusmodi negotio scribam et tabellionem depu-
tatum vocari fecimus Et quia nulli comparuerunt ad dicendum vel obiici-
endum vel contra premissa aut eorum aliquod in to to vel in parte Alexander
Terbert principalis prefatus pro se et heredibus suis prescriptis prefatorum
omnium interesse habentium seu habere pretendentium citatorum vocatorum
et non comparentium contumacias accusauit et ipsos prout merito sunt
reputandi contumaces per nos reputari instanter petiit et postulauit Quos
contumaces reputauimus prout tenore presentium reputamus Eisque et
eorum cuilibet in premissis desuper silentium perpetuum imponimus Et
in penam contumacie eorum literas apostolicas ac cartam preinsertas huius-
modi per notarium publicum subscriptum coram nobis in huiusmodi negotos
scribam et tabellionem deputatum alta et intelligibili voce de verbo ad
verbum perlegi fecimus et mandauimus Adque executionem vlteriorem
huiusmodi preinsertarum literarum apostolicarum et contentorum in eisdem
instante dicto Alexandro duximus procedendum Deque premissis omnibus
et singulis et eorum circumstanciis que in dictis preinsertis Uteris aposto-
licis ac carta continentur per nonnuUos fidedignos et omni exceptione
maiores testes numero plures ad hoc per literas nostras legitime citatos
vocatos et coram nobis in judicio juratos interrogatos et diligenter exami-
natos Inquisiuimus et informauimus nos etiam diligenter de eisdem Et
quia tam per inquisitionem et informationem quam per testium depositiones

THE MONASTEEY OP KILWINNING. 213

huiusmodi comperimus omnia et singula in prefatis Reuerendissimi domini
legati Uteris narrata et exposita ac in carta et Uteris venerabiUs in Christo
patris et domini Gauini permissione diuina monasterii de Kilwynnyng
ordinis Sancti Benedicti Glasguensis diocesis perpetui commendataru et
conuentns eiusdem prefato Alexandre Terbert et heredibus suis masculis
propinquioribus factis vt premittitur oontenta et expressata coram nobis
sufficienter cum eorum sigilUs et manuaUbus subscriptionibus prefatis ita
fore et veritate fulciri dictasque dationem concessionem ad feudifirmam ac
emphiteosim hereditariam dimissionem de dictis viginti solidatis terrarum de
CorshiU antiqui extentus cum pertinencus jacentibus et occupatis vt prefertur
in prescripta carta expressatis et specificatis Et per prefatum Gauinum com-
mendatarium dicti monasterii de Kilwynnjnig modemum de expressis consensu
et assensu conuentus eiusdem prefato Alexandre et heredibus suis prescriptis
pro se et successoribus suis omnibus pro tempore existentibus abbatibus seu
commendatariis et conuentibus dicti monasteru de Kilwynnyng In annuam et
perpetuam augmentationem rentaUs eiusdem et domini Gauini conunendatarii
eiusdem modemi et conuentus ac successorum suorum omnium In eodem
monasterio pro tempore canonice intrantium euidentem vtiUtatem factas et
concessas ex causis in carta et Uteris ac commissione apostoUca prefatis
cessisse et cedere Et propterea per dictum Alexandrum pro se et heredibus
suis prescriptis coram nobis propter hoc personaUter constitutum debita cum
instantia fuit suppUcatum vt ipsis super premissis onmibus et singulis proui-
dere de auctoritate apostoUca dignaremur. Nos igitur Joannes Hammiltone '
succentor WiUelmus Hammlytown et Joannes Layng canonici ecclesie
metropoUtane Glasguensis judices executores et commissarii delegati prefati
attendentes requisitionem huiusmodi fore justam et rationi consonam desi-
deriaque justa petentium congruo fauore prosequentes In votis eorum
oracionis tramite non discordant Ubenter exhibemus nos et benignos

In causa et causis huiusmodi coniunctim vt premittitur ac rite procedentes

forma et tenore literarum apostoUcarum preinsertarum et
singulis aliis de jure seruandis nostram defl&nitiuam ad instantiam prefati
Alexandri pro se et heredibus suis prescriptis principalis predicti id himiiUter
fieri petentis prout sequitur tulimus sententiam Christi nomine Inuocato
Nos Joannes Hammiltone succentor WiUelmus Hammiltown et Joannes Layng
ecclesie metropoUtane Glasguensis canonici judices executores et commis-
sarii delegati cum iUa clausula discretioni vestre committimus et mandamus

214 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A fflSTORY OF

etc vohis aut dudbus vestrum coniunctim precedentibus, etc. Ad infraacripta
a sede apostolica videlicet Reuerendissimo in Christo patre et domino Joanne
miseratione diuina Sanctiandree Archiepiscopo regni Scotie primato ac cum
potestate Legati a latere sedis apostolice legato dictaque sede specialiter
deputati In ecclesia metropolitana Glasguense et in insula diui Michaelis
Archangeli infra eandem coniunctim pro tribunali sedentes et solum Deum
pre oculis habentes Eiusque nomine Sanctissimo Inuocato auditis primitus
prouidi viri Alexandri Terbert partis principalis allegationibus Carta feudi-
firme et perpetue emphiteosis terrarum subscriptarum eidem facta ac aliis
juribus per nos visis consideratis et intellectis Testiumque depositionibus
pro in eisdem ac Uteris ac commissione apostolica prefatis nobis directis
contentorum verificatione inscriptis diligenter predictis seruatisque omnibus
et singulis circumstanciis et solemnitatibus per nos in presenti negotio
obseruari solitis et aliis de jure seruandis Per banc nostram sententiam
diflfinitiuam Quam vigore prefato commissionis apostolice nobis desuper
facte ferimus In his scriptis pronunciamus decemimus et finaliter declara-
mus dationem concessionem et ad feudifirmam ac emphiteosim perpetuam
dismissionem de totis et integris viginti solidatis terrarum antiqui extentus
de Corshill cum pertinentiis nunc per dictum Alexandrum occupatis jacen-
tibus in perochia et regalitate de KUwynnyng Balliuatu de Conyghame et
infra vicecomitatum de Aire et ad venerabilem in Christo patrem et domi-
num Gauinum permissione diuina monasterii de Kilwynnyng ordinis Sancti
Benedicti Glasguensis diocesis perpetuum commendatarium et conuentum
eiusdem legitime spectantibus Ac per eundem dictum Gauinum dicti mon-
asterii de Kilwynnyng commendatarium modemum de expressis consensu et
assensu conuentus eiusdem dicto Alexandro Terbert et heredibus suis mas-
culis propinquioribus quibuscunque in annuam et perpetuam augmenta-
tionem rentalis dicti monasterii et domini Gauini illius commendatarii
moderni et conuentus eiusdem ac successorum suorum omnium in eodem
monasterio pro tempore canonice intrantium euidentem vtUitatem Ex
causis in carta et literis ac commissione apostolica prefatis cessisse et cedere
Et propterea dationem concessionem et ad feudifirmam ac emphiteosim per-
petuam dimissionem predictas ac omnia et singula in commissione et carta
ac literis instrumentoque prefatis desuper confectis contenta descripta et
specificata Et prout illas et ilia concemunt approbandas et confirmandas
approbandaque et confirmanda duximus Prout harum serie auctoritate apo-

THE MONASTERY OF KILWINNING. 215

stolica nobis commissa et qua fungimur in hac parte ac omnibus melioribus
modo via forma jure et causa Quibus melius et efficatius possumus et de-
bemus approbamus et confirmamus Eisque perpetue firmitatis robur adiici-
mus ac ea valida et efficatia existere suosque plenarios effectus sortiri et per-
petuo inuiolabiliter obseruari sicque per quoscunque judices quauis auctoritate
fungentes sublata eis et eorum cuilibet quauis aliter judicandi et interpre-
tandi facultate et auctoritate judicari et interpretari debere ac quicquid secus
attemptari contigerit irritum et inane decemimus omnesque et singulos tarn
juris quam facti defectus siqui forsan interuenerint in eisdem supplemus ac
dictum dominum Gauinum commendatarium dicti monasterii de Kilwyn-
nyng modemum et conuentum eiusdem eorumque successores ad obserua-
tionem dationis concessionis et dimissionis predictorum perpetuis futuris
temporibus teneri astringi et firmiter obligates esse et fore eadem auctoritate
apostolica antedicta similiter decemimus et declaramus Decretumque et
auctoritatem nostram Imoverius apostolicam in premissis omnibus et singulis
Interponimus per presentes non obstantibus illis omnibus et singulis que
idem Reuerendissimus dominus Legatus prefatus in Uteris suis preinsertis
voluit non obstare Et hoc omnibus et singulis quorum interest notum
facimus per presentes In Quorum omnium et singulorum fidem et testi-
monium premissorum hac presentes literas sine hoc presens publicum
instrumentum processum huiusmodi nostrum in se continentes seu continens
ex inde fieri fecimus Et per notarium publicum subscriptum subscribi et
publican mandauimus sigillorumque nostrorum jussimus et fecimus appen-
sione communiri Datum et actum infra ciuitatem Glasguensem die decimo
octauo mensis Julii anno Domini millesimo quingentesimo quinquagesimo
nono Indictione secunda pontificatus Sanctissimi in Christo patris et domini
nostri Pauli pape quarti anno quinto presentibus ibidem prouidis viris
Magistro Andrea Laing rectore de Hoddem Patricio Mungumry de Sevin-
akeris, Archibaldo de Auchinskeyth, Georgio Mungumry de

Manis, Alexandre Cowper de Brigend, Jacobo Layng, et sone

testibus ad premissa vocatis habitis et requisitis.

Et ego vero Henricus Gibsone artium magister clericus ciuitatis
Glasguensis sacraque auctoritate apostolica notarius publicus
Quia premissis omnibus et singulis dum sic vt premittitur
coram dictis judicibus dicerentur agerentur et fierent vnacum

216 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A HISTORY OF

prenominatis testibus preaens personaliter Interfui Eaque sic
fieri vidi et audiui ac in notam cepi Ideoque hoc presens pub-
licum instrumentum processum huiusmodi confirmationis in se
continens manu mea propria fideliter scriptum exinde confeci et
in banc formam redegi et publicaui Signoque nomine et cogno-
mine meis solitis et consuetis signaui in fidem robur et testi-
monium veritatis omnium et singulorum premissorum Rogatus
et requisitus. Henricus Gibsone.

Abstract.

Notarial Instrument on the Confirmation, by John Hamilton, subchantor,
William Hamilton and John Layng, canons of the metropolitan church of
Glasgow, judges commissaries and executors delegate, specially deputed
by the apostolic see, of certain letters presented to them by a prudent man,
Alexander Terbert, viz. — (1.) Letters by John, Archbishop of St. Andrews,
Primate of the kingdom of Scotland, with the power of a legate a latere of
the holy see, with the seal of his apostolic legation impressed, addressed to
the aforesaid subchantor and canons, and narrating that a petition was
lately presented to his Grace on the part of the inhabitants and husbandmen
of Kilwinning, Beith, and Lyencorse, of the diocese of Glasgow, to the effect
that Gavin, perpetual Commendator of the Monastery of Kilwinning, desiring
to improve the condition of the said monastery, with consent of the prior
and convent thereof, and for certain sums of money paid by the petitioners
for the repair and restoration of the said monastery, and of the houses, dor-
mitory, and refectory of the regulars of the same, being ruined from the
foundation to the top, did give, let, and set to them the barony and lands
of Kilwinning, Beith, and Lyencorse, situated near their boundaries, and
belonging rightfully to the said monastery, to be held in feu-farm and heri-
table emphiteosis, under a certain annualrent not exceeding the sum of fifty
pounds sterling, according to common estimation, payable at certain places
and terms, for the evident advantage and increase of the rental of the said
monastery, as in their several charters and authentic letters was more fully
contained, which the said petitioners humbly desired might be secured by
apostolic confirmation ; for which purpose the said Archbishop granted power
to the said judges commissaries, after they should have duly inquired as to
the advantage of the said monastery in the matter : Given at Edinburgh, in

THE MONASTEEY OF KILWINNING. 217

the diocese of St Andrews, 4th December (pridie nonas Decembris) 1558 :
(2.) Charter by Gavin, Commendator of the Monastery of Kilwinning, and
convent of the same, whereby, for the evident utility of the said monastery,
and increase of the rental thereof, and for certain sums of money paid
beforehand by Alexander Terbert, for the repair of the said monastery, being
ruinous and decayed, they granted and set to feu-farm, to the said Alexander
Terbert and his heirs-male, all and whole the twenty shilling lands of new
extent of Corshill, then inhabited by the said Alexander, lying in the parish
and regality of Kilwinning, bailiery of Cunningham, and shire of Ayr, pay-
ing therefor the yearly rent of 208. as the farm before the present infeft-
ment, and 40 pence by reason of augmentation of rental, and presenting
personal presence at three head pleaa, with services in their courte of justi-
ciary and chamberlainry when they occurred, the heirs of the said Alex-
ander to double the said feu-farm on the first year of their entry to the
said lands ; providing that it should not be lawful to the said Alexander, or
his heirs, to sell the said lands, or any part thereof, without licence of the
granters, under pain of forfeiture of the part sold : Sealed and subscribed at
Kilwinning 18th December 1557, before these witnesses, Robert Hamilton,
chamberlain of Kilwinning, James Hamilton of Woodsyde, Alexander
Cowper of Brigend, Robert Mason : (3.) Sasine following on and in terms of
the said charter, dated 24th December 1557. After the presentation and
reception of which apostolic letters, charter, and sasine, the said judges were
requested, with instance, by the said Alexander Terbert, principal, for him-
self and his heirs, to put the said letters to execution ; whereupon the said
judges holding the said request to be just and consonant with reason, and
willing to obey the apostolic mandate, thereupon reverently, as they were
bound, issued letters of citation summoning the said Gavin, Commendator of
Kilwinning, and the convent thereof, and all others having interest, to com-
pear before them in the metropolitan church of Glasgow, and in the aisle of
St. Michael the Archangel, to see and hear the said grant of the lands of
Corshill approved and confirmed in due form ; and because they did not
compear the said Alexander accused them of contumacy, and instantly
asked and demanded that they should be held contumacious by the said
judges ; to which demand they assented, and imposed perpetual silence upon
them in the premises ; and in punishment of their contumacy commanded
the said letters and charter to be read before them by the notary in a loud

2 P

218 COLLECTIONS TOWARDS A fflSTORY OP

and intelligible voice, word for word ; and having examined witnesses in
regard thereto, they gave decreet of confirmation accordingly. Given at the
City of Glasgow 18th July 1559.

35. Act infauouris of the lord boyd. — [1579.]^

(Lord Boyd had bought from Gavin Hamilton of Raploch the following
lands, which had been set in feu to Kaploch by the late Gravin,
Commendator of Kilwinning in 1559, 1563, and 1566.)

All and haill the wod callit the Innerwod* and new park of

kylwynning liande within the parochine and regalitie of kylwynning and

sherefdome of Air The medow callit the swandame medow ' The medow

callit deane williame woddis medow * The medow callit the Rowne medow

The medow callit dalglen* medow Aucht aiker of land callit the beir flat *

The waird callit mekle waird alias bogwaird The medow callit the prioris 1

medow and personis fauld The medow callit mekle medow alias braid

medow and nyne aikeris of land callit kilrig^ alias oxinwairde The myln

callit synacrie* myln, with four aikeris of land adiacent thairto and

astrictit multuris therof vsit and wount and all and sindrie thair pertinentia

Togither with the teyndis of all and sindrie the foirsaidis landis with thair

pertinentis Hand as said is The nyntene schilling four penny land of new

extent of quhyt hirst Thrie schilling sex penny land of auld extent of ovir

quhyt hirst Tuenty penny land of brigend eister Tuenty four schilling

lande of auld extent of overhill of bayth with the teyndis of the samin

Tuenty schilling foure penny lande of new extent of boigsyd within the

parochyne of bayth and regalitie foirsaid with the teyndis of the samin

Twa schilling aucht penny lande of the saidis landis of boigsyde of auld

extent Aucht schilling foure penny lande of the samin landis ellevin

schilling aucht penny land of the saidis landis of boigsyd of new extent

1 Acta Pari. Scot., voL iii. p. 177, c. 60. * Perhaps Dalgow.

* This lay about half a mile north of the a x^ t> a 4.
,, •' „ " >(0W Bvreflat.

abbey, now called the Near Wood.

' Perhaps a meadow below the Near Wood. ^ ^ °^^* ^^ ^^ 7^^ ^^ KUwinning

* Now caUed the Dean's Yard, at « Green'' ^^®-
Foot, or Deanfield. ® Now Sevenacres Mill .

THE MONASTEEY OP KILWINNING. 219

foure schilling tua penny lande of the landis foirsaidis liand in the paro-
chyne of kyl winning regalitie and shrefdomes foirsaidis . . . . •

[In 1565 the Abbacy was set apart, along with Paisley, Kelso, Jedburgh,
and Newbattle, for the royal charges. — Register of the Privy Council
of Scotland (1877), vol i. p. 412.]

36. Eatipioatioun to williame wylie, writtar. — [1592.]^

OuE SouEBANE LoRD with auisc of the estaitis of this present parliament
ratifies apprevis and confennis his hienes lettres of gift : Ofi" the zeirlie pen-
sioun Off meiU grantit and gevin to his louit seruitor william wylie writter
ffor his lyftyme : furth of the abbacie of kilwinning : And Speciallie of the
gift maid to him vnder the priuvie seill : off the dait at falkland the xxiiij
day of Julii the zeir of god j™V fourscoir ellevin zeiris : efter his Maieisties
ftdl and perfite aige of xxv zeiris compleit : Contening assignatioun of the
said pensioun with all clausis pointis and articles thairin contenit : de-
clarand decemand and ordinand that the said william sail bruik joyse
and vplift the said pensioun according to his giftes decreittis and lettres
abeddie grantit or to be grantit to him thairvpoun : notwithstanding
quhatsuneuer actis constitutionis or ordour maid in the contrair : or tend-
ing onywajds to the preiudice of the saidis giftes : Queranent his hienes
with auise foirsaid dispensis be this present acte.

37. Tack hy John Archbishop of St. Andrews, Commendatar of Kilwin-
ning, in favour of David Cuninghame of Rohertland, of the Teinds
of Lands in Stewarton Parish. Dated 2\st December 1616.*

Be it kend till all men be thir present lettres, Ws, Johnne, be the mercie
of Grod, Archibischop of Sanctandrois, conmiendatar of the abbacie of Kil-
vyning, vndoubtit person of the paroche kirk and parochin of Stewartoun,
with advyse and consent of Mr. Williame Castellaw, present minister at the
said kirk of Stewartoun, vnderstanding that Dauid Cuninghame of Eobert-
land, and his predicessoris, ar and have bene kyudlie takismen and posses-

* Acta Pari. Scot., voL iii p. 626, c 161.
^ Original in the possesdon of the Society of AntiquarieB, Scotland.

220 COLLECTIONS TOWAEDS A HISTORY OF

soris of the teynds of all and sindrie the Landis and vtheris vnderwryttin,
perteyning to him heritablie thir many and djrvers yeiris bygane, Thairfoir,
and for certane soumes of money guid and vsuall of this reahne, contentit,
payit, and reallie and with effect delynerit to ws be the said Dauid Cuning-
hame, in name of gressum, for making and granting of the tak and asseda-
tioun efter specifeit, quhairof we hald ws weill contentit and satisfeit, and
for ws and our successoris exoneris, quytclames, and simpliciter dis-
chargis the said Dauid Cuninghame, his airis, executoris, and all vtheris
quhome it effeiris of the samine for now and euir, Witt ze ws, with advyse
and consent foirsaid, To have sett, and in tak and assedatioun lattin, And be
the tennour heirof, with advyse and consent abonewritten, Settis, and in
tak and assedatioun Lattis, To the said Dauid Cuninghame of Eobertland, for
all the dayis zeirs, tyme and space of his lyftyme, and efter his deces To
his narrest and lauchfull air for all the dayis, zeiris, tyme and space of the
lyftyme of the said air maill ; and efter the decese of the said air. To the
said air maill his narrast and lauchfull air maill quhatsumeuir succeiding to
him, for all the dayis, zeiris, tyme and space of the lyftyme of the said
secund air maUl; and after the decese of the secund air maill, to his
narrest and lauchfull airis maill and assignayis quhatsumeuir, for all the
dayis, zeiris, tyme and space of nynetene zeiris nixt and immediatlie foplow-
ing] the deceis of the said secund air maill ; and efter the ische and expyr-
ing of the said first nynetene yeiris, ffbr all the dayis, yeiris, tyme and space
of vther nynetene yeiris nixt and immediatlie thairefter following; and
efter the ische and expyring of the said secund nynetene zeiris, for all the
dayis, zeiris, tyme and space of vther nynetene zeiris nixt and immediatlie
following ; and efter the ische and expyring of thrid nynetene zeiris, for all
the dayis, yeiris, tyme and space of vther nynetene zeiris nixt and imme-
diatlie thairefter following; and efter the expyring of the ferd nynetene
yeiris for all the dayis, zeiris, tjnne and space of vther nynetene zeiris ; sua
that this present tak and assedatioun sail indure for all the dayis, yeiris,
tyme and space of the lyftymes of the said Dauid Cuninghame, and of the
tua airis maUl forsaidis succeiding to him successiue efter vtheris, and
fyve nynetene zeiris thairefter. All and sindrie the teynd scheavis caUit the
personage tejmds of all and sindrie the Lands particularlie vnderwrittin,
viz., off all and haill the four pund sax schilling aucht penny land of
Eobertland and Breadieland ; off all and haiU the fourtie schilling land of

THE MONASTERY OP KILWINNING. 221

over Lochrig, quhilk is the maynis of Eobertland ; oflF all and haill the
sax mark land of Foulschaw ; off all and haill the tuentie schilling land of
Spittell ; off all and haill the sax merkland of Over and nether Cassiltounis;
off all and haill the fourtene schilling land of Horsmure and Lochemylne ;
and off all and haill the Syve merk land of nether Blaklaw, lyand within
the parochin of Stewartoun, baillarie of Cuninghame, and sherefdome of
Air, perte)niing to the said abbacie of Kilwyning as ane pairt of the patri-
monie thairof, Begynnand the said Dauid Cuninghame of Eobertland his
entrie to the saidis teyndis at the feist of Lambes last in the yeir of God
ane thousand sax hundreth and saxtene zeirs instant^ and thairefter to
indure during the lyftymes, zeiris, and spaces respectiue forsaidis, but intervall
or brek of tyme or space, With full power to the said Dauid Cuninghame of
Eobertland, his airis maiU and assignayis forsaidis To gadder teynd, leid, col-
lect, intromett with and vptak all and sindrie the forsaidis teynd scheivis off all
and sindrie the landis particularlie abonespecifeit of the crop and zeir of God
ane thousand sax hundreth and saxtene yeiris, and in tyme cuming during the
lyftymes, zeiris and space abonespecifeit : And thairvpone to dispone at
thair plesour. And to call and persew thairfoir as accordis of the Law, and
to rais and cans execut inhibitiounis yeirlie vpone the saidis teynds, and to
geve acquittances and dischargis thairvpone, transact, compone, and aggrie
thairanent, siclyk and als frielie in all respectis as we micht have done our
selfis befoir the making heirof: With full power lykwayis to the said
Dauid Cuninghame of Eobertland and his airis maiU forsaidis, to assigne
transfer and dispone, or to sett in subtakis and assedatiounis, ane or ma, in
haill or in pairt All and sindrie the teynd scheavis of all and sindrie the
landis particularlie abonewrittin during the haill lyftymes yeiris and space
respectiue abone specifeit. To quhatsumeuir persone or persones he or thai
sail think expidient : Payand thairfoir yeirlie the said Dauid Cuninghame
of Eobertland his airis maill and assignayis forsaidis to the ministeris
present or to cum serving the cure at the said kirk during the lyftjones
zeirs and space respectiue abone specefeit All and Haill the victuall and
silver dewtie efter specifeit in maner and at the tennis following, viz.
The soume of ffourtie Sevin Pundis monie zeirlie at Mertimes, and sax bollis
and ane firlet aitt meill guid and sufficient stuffe betuix Zuill and Candle-
mes, Begynnand the first yeiris payment of the said silver dewtie at
Mertimes last, and the said wictuall dewtie betuix the feistis of Zuill and

222 THE MONASTEEY OF KILWINNING.

Candlemes nixtocum of maill and dewtie allanerlie : Providing that geve
the said zeirlie dewtie be not payit within tua monethis efter ilk ane of the
saidis termis respectiue, In that caice the said Dauid Cuninghame and his
forsaidis salbe bund to pay the dowble of sameikle of the said dewtie of
money and victuall that sail not be payit at the time forsaid zeirlie : And
siclyk the said Dauid Cuninghame and his airia maiU and assignayis
forsaidis releiving ws and our successoris of all taxatiounis imposit vpone
the saidis teyndis during the lyftymes zeiris and space abone specifeit:
And of the reparatioun of the said kirk and also of the famisching of the
elementis of breid and vyne to the celebratioun of the communioun within
the said kkk allanerlie. Quhilk tak and assedatioun abonewrittin We bind
and oblis ws and our successoris abbotis of the said abbacie to warrand
acqueyet and defend to the said Dauid Cuninghame of Eobertland his airis
maill and assignayis forsaidis during the lyft3anes zeirs and spaces respec-
tiue abonewrittin In all and be all things as is abone specifeit, at all hands
and against all deidlie, as law will, fra our awin proper fact and deid
allanerlie. — In witness quhairof (written be James Lennox, seruitor to Mr,
Alexander Guthrie, conmioun clerk of Edinburgh) we have subscry wit thir
presentis with our handis and haue caussit append heirto our awin proper
seill, Togidder with the commoun seiU of the said abbacie in steid of the
consent of the convent thairof. At Edinburgh the tuentie-ane day of
December the zeir of God ane thousand sax hundreth and saxtene zeiris,
Befoir thir witness Johnne Spottiswode our sone, Mr. Johnne Hay, clerk
deput of Edinburgh, and the said James Lennox.

W. Castellaw, Minister at Sanctandrws, ahbot of

Stewartoune^ consents. Kylwinning.

Johne Spottiswood, witnes.
Maister Johne Gray, witnes.
J. Lennox, witnes*

[To he continued.']

XIL

PROCEEDINGS OF THE GILD COURT OF AYR,

FROM THE AYR MANUSCRIPT.

The Ayr Manuscript is one of the oldest of those compilations which have
preserved to our times the remaining fragments of our early legislation. It
is a small volume, consisting of eighty-five leaves of vellum, eight inches by
five and a half ; and, with the exception of a few later additions, is written
in fair handwriting of the early part of the fourteenth century, with rubri-
cated titles of sections and initial letters.

Of its history little is known. But, from the circumstance that the
kalendar, with which the volume closes, commemorates, on the 9th of July
(vij^* Id. Jul.), the dedication of the church of Jedburgh ; and that two pages,
originally left blank, have been filled by a contemporary hand with a copy
of a treaty for the settlement of the Borders in 1346, we may be permitted
to conjecture that it was written in Teviotdale, and remained for a time in
the possession of some dweller on the East MarcL In the beginning of the
fifteenth century it appears, from some jottings on other blank pages
relative to the proceedings of the Gild Court of Ayr in 1428-31, also in
handwriting of the time, to have passed into the hands probably of the
town-clerk of that burgh. In the year 1824 it was purchased at a book-
stall in Ayr by Mr. Ebenezer Thomson, one of the masters in the Academy
there, and from that circumstance it took the name by which it has since
been known. It was soon after acquired for the General Register House,
and proved a valuable and opportune aid to the editors of the first volume
of the Record edition of the Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, in adjusting,
with the help of other early collections of the same kind, the text of the
more ancient capitulars there printed. It was then in its old oak boards,
and in a somewhat dilapidated condition ; but has since been repaired and
suitably bound.

224 PEOCEEDINGS OP THE GILD COURT OF AYR,

The following collation will show the nature of its contents : —

Fol. 1 a. A collection of laws without any general title, in hand-
writing of the early part of the fourteenth century, but obviously different
from that in which the rest of the manuscript is written. This, together
with the pages which contain the greater part of the two following items,
forming the first gathering of the volume, was perhaps originally uncon-
nected with what follows.

Fol. 7 b. Copy of Indenture of Agreement concluded at Eoxburgh,
30th October 1346, for the submission and settlement of the Scottish
Borders after the battle of Durham, in a handwriting apparently contem-
porary.^

Fol. 8 b. Notes of Proceedings of the Gild Court of Ayr, 1428-31, also
in a hand of the time. Fol. 9 has originally been written on both sides by
the same hand as foil. 1-7 ; but the writing, of which some words and occa-
sional traces of rubricated letters are still visible, has been erased.

FoL 10 b. Table of Contents of the remainder of the volume. Here
apparently the manuscript proper begins, and it is throughout in one fair
and uniform hand, written probably, as Mr. Innes has suggested,^ between
1314 and 1329. This is inferred from the fact that, while the battle of
Bannockburn is mentioned, King David I. and King Robert I. are spoken
of simply as King David and King Robert, without distinctive epithet, as if
no second king of either name had as yet ascended the throne.

Fol. 11a. Assisa regis David rex Scotorum facta apud Novum Castrum
super Tynam.

Fol. 15 b. De articulis inquirendis in burgo in itinere Camerarii secun-
dum usum Scocie.

Fol. 18 b. Capitula Capelle regis Scocie, tam de Uteris in curiis placi-
tandis, quam de brevibus per regem de Cancellaria mittendis. (This collec-
tion of styles of Chancery brieves, and other royal writs, is valuable as
preserving the oldest remaining vestiges of Scottish civil process.)

Fol. 30 b. Assise regis David facte apud Strivelyn.

Fol. 42 b. [Statuta regis Roberti.]

Fol. 49 b. Leges burgorum Scocie.

* This treaty is printed Ad, Pari Scot, i. * In his account of this MS., Act. Pari, Scot,,
p. 180, note. 1. 179.

FEOM THE AYR MANUSCRIPT. 225

FoL 68 a. Statuta Gilde apud Berwicum facta.^

FoL 76 a. [Juramenta officiariorum, etc.]

FoL 11 b. Notes of Proceedings of the Gild Court of Ayr, 1430-1.

FoL 78 a-83 b, Kalendar. The only saints connected with Scotland
commemorated in it, as originaQy written, are Kentigem and Columba.
St. Kevoca is inserted at the 13th of March, in a hand of the fifteenth
century, obviously after the book had passed into Ayrshire, where the
saint was held in reverence. At the 5 th of October appears this note, " anno,
etc., m° cccc"* xxvij fait magnus ventus."

The only part of the contents of this Manuscript which possesses any
local interest is the series of notes of minutes of the Gild Court of Ayr,
accompanied with a list of the brethren of the gild. They are not in
chronological order, and are somewhat carelessly written, as will appear
fipom the grammatical errors they contain ; but they are here reproduced
without alteration, except re-arrangement in the order of their dates. Being
only examples of the ordinary proceedings of a Scottish merchant gild of the
period, they require but little illustration or comment.

Memorandum quod die Lune, ij die mensis Augusti, anno Domini
m** cccc"* xxviiji concordatum est inter uxorem* Hugonis Buthman et
uxorem Thome Carrie, coram decano gilde et melioribus ville tunc ibidem,
quod partes predicte decetero servabunt concordiam et amisi[ti]am inter eos
ita quod, si discordia ex aliqua parte orta faerit, pars conquerens veniat ad
presentiam prepositi et ballivorum pro remedio habendo, et si qua pars cul-
pabilis faerit inventa, solvet fabrice ecclesie Sancti Johannis Baptiste de Are
X nobilia ; et ipsa culpabilis ducetur in camisia per villam super le cuke-
sttde, et jurabit quod, decetero per annum, villam non intrabit ; et de hoc
nulla erit venia : Plegii Thomas Hakate et Willelmus Diksone.

Curia gilde tenta coram preposito et decano gilde die Veneris, xvij^ die
Decembris, anno Domini m** cccc** xxviij®, omnibus confratribus gUde con-

^ The Statutes of the Qild of Berwick, passed the gild. These were generally, however, the

about 1250 (printed AcU Pari Scot,, i 431, and wives, daughters, or sisters of gild brethren ; and

Anc, Laws, etc,, of Scot, p. 64, Burgh Records while they participated in the benefits of the

Society), may be held as representing generally association they took no part in the management

the laws of merchant gilds in Scotland of its affairs.

' Women were admitted to the freedom of

226

PEOCEEDINGS OF THE GILD COUET OP AYE,

gregatis : Statutum fuit cum consensu et assensu tocius glide electi
fuerunt v personas pro utilitate glide, viz. Thomas Carrie, Johannes Bath-
cate, Patricius Hayre, Johannes Browne et Patricium M^Martyne, qui electi
eodem die et jurat! fuerunt ad emendum omnia merclmonia intrantla portus
maris ad comodum glide, et equaliter debent participare sine firaude ; ^ et si
quia contrarium fecerit, et convictus fuerit, amittet princlpale et condempnetur
m vujS.

Et si quis emat coria vel semUibus antequam intraverint le Blak Stane
et le smedys in Carrie Gate,^ amittet princlpale et erit in octo solldls. Et si
quis presumat emere coria, vel aliqua merclmonia, extra manum viclni sui,
perdet princlpale et [erit] in vlljs.

Curia glide de Are tenta in ecclecla de Ar, coram aldermanno et decano
glide, xxvj die mensls Octobris, anno Domini m^ cccc** xxx : curea confirmata^
secta vocata et absentlbus in amerclamentls :

Quo die Andreas Farchar factus fuit gUdus, et finit xl*^.

Curia glide tenta in toUonio die Mercurii, xxlilj** die mensls Novembris,*
anno Domini m? cccc® xxx® :

Quo die Johannes Broun et Johannes Boyman in amerclamento curie,
quia ceperunt denarios alienorum ad negoclandum ; * et super hoc convicti
fuerunt per asslsam.

Curia glide tenta in tollonio die Veneris, xxilj die mensis Novembris,
anno Domini m® cccc® xxxj :

^ The merchandise so purchased was distri-
buted among the brethren, according to their
wants, at the cost price. This was frequently
done by the provosts and | bailies of burghs, in
behalf of the whole community, in the case of
cargoes of com and other provisions, in order to
prevent the price of the necessaries of life from
being raised by the operations of speculators.
— See Extracts from Rec, of the Burgh of Edimh,
1403-1528, pp. 4, 37 (Burgh Rec. Society).

* The site of the " Blak Stane " is now un-
known ; but the mention of the smithies shows
that the market was close to the Carrick Port.
Mr. D. Murray Lyon, who has bestowed much
attention on the antiquities of Ayr, informs me
that there were smithies close to each of the
gates of the burgh.

^ Wednesday was the 2 2d of November in
the year 1430.

* The oflfence here referred to was probably
that of '^ colouring unfreemen's goods/' as it was
called ; — ^that is buying merchandise for unfieemea
or strangers, as if for themselves, in breach of
their oath, the penalty attached to which was
usually loss of freedona. Or, it may have been a
breach of the law thus expressed in the Berwick
Statutes : — '' Si quis confrater noster accipiat
denarios alicuius mercatoris alienigene ad nego-
clandum, et de hiis super forum certum lucrum
capiat de sacco lane vel lasta coriorum, aut de
pellibus vel aliis mercimoniis, condempnetur
primo et secundo in xl solidis. Et si tercio super
hoc convictus fuerit, amittet gildam in per-
petuum, nisi aldermannus et confratres gilde sibi
gratiam concedere voluerint.**

PROM THE AYR MANUSCEIPT. 227

Quo die decretum est, cum concenssu et assensu omnium confratrum
gilde, quod nullus recipietur in libertatem gilde nisi manuatym^ solvat propter
libertatem.

Eodem die Johannes Senescalli factus fuit frater gilde, et juravit fideli-
tatem domino regi et communitati et confratribus gilde, et finit manua-
tym vS.

Eodem die Fergusius Kennydy factus fuit gildus, et finit manuatym
xlS.

Et eodem modo Donaldus Glovar factus fiiit gildus, virtute hereditaria
uxoris sue,* et finit vg.

Eodem die Rogerus Wischart factus fuit gildus, et finit xlS.

Eodem die Johannes Wischard factus fuit gildus, et finit xlS.

Eodem die Macobnus Quilqwen factus fuit gildus, et finit xli.

Curia gilde de Are tenta in toUonio eiusdem, coram aldermanno et
decano gUde, xviij die mensis Februarij, anno Domini m® cccc** xxxj** : curea
confirmata, sectis vocatis et absentibus in amerciamentis :

Quo die Henricus Bogwod in voluntate, quia iniuste foristallavit' gildam
in empcione coriorum et aliorum mercimoniorum pertinencium ad libertatem
gilde : Fergusio Kennydy plegio.

Eo die, et in eadem causa. Jacobus Cordonar in voluntate : Fergusio
Kennydy plegio.

Quo die Johannes Sadlar factus fuit gUdus pro introitu debito Roberto
Mour, et juravit fidelitatem domino regi et communitati ; set nichil finit.

Curea gilde de Ar tenta in tollonio eiusdem, coram aldermanno et decano
gQde, xxjo die mensis Maxcij, anno Domini m» cccc» xxxj» : curea confirmate,
secta vocata et absentibus in amerciamentis :

Quo die Adam Lachlin factus foit gildus, et juravit fideUtatem domino

' Pays do¥m his entry-money ; for which it ' Forestalling, or baying merchandise before

had been customary to accept security. it was brought to market, or before the hour of

market, was an offence against which buighal

s The Statutes of the Qild of Berwick or- legislation was earnestly directed. It was or-
dained that " nane salbe ressavyt within our dained that '' na man that wonnys in the kyngis
fratemitie of gild les than 40s., except they be burgh, na yit ututh, sal be sa hardy, on the
gild sonnes and gild dochters." Sons included mercate day, for to pas ututh the lymytis of the
sons-in-law. The fees were sometimes remitted burgh for to by ony gudis, befor that it cum
in recognition of special services, and sometimes . wythin the yhettis of the toune. And thai that
discharged in work done for the burgh, or in dois the contrare, and tharapon is convyckit,
such payments in kind as that mentioned above sal pay amerciament of 8s. unforgyffyn." — Leges
as made by Adam Lachlin. Burfforum, c budL

228 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE GILD COURT OF AYR,

regi et confratribus glide, et finit manuatym quatuor celdras calcis ad con-
Btruccionem pretoiii etc.

Quo die Patricius Hunter in amerciamento curie, quia non adfuit Dun-
canum Hunter ad istum diem.

Eodem die Johannes Red

Quo die Johannes Multerer factus fuit gildus, et juravit fidelitatem
domino [regi] et confratribus gilde, et finit manuatym ij marcas^ et alteram
marcam dabit inter nunc et festum Pentecostes.

Memorandum that it is concordit in the plane gyld, with consent and
assent of the hail breder of the gyld, that na gyld breder sal for a thol-
mont ^ sell na fires hydis to na man, and naymly to the burg of Irwyn,'
wnder the pan of xld. and the hydis chet^ alsa ; and this sal endour for a
yer efter this wyrt. Wretyji the xxj day of March, the yher of our Lord

m** cccc"* and xxxj® yher : The fyrst vnlaw xld. ; syn vs. ; and the tyrd tym

• • • »*
vujS,

The following list of brethren of the gild, dwelling within burgh and
without, comes after the minute of 17th December 1428 ; but, as it begins
a page, its precise date is uncertain. It is obviously, however, of later date
than 21st March 1431, inasmuch as it contains the names of the brethren
admitted on that day : —

+ Hogs M^'Charry yhounger. Jhon Bell.

» MoRiOE Glovar. Andro Wrycht.

+ Thom Sourlesoun. Maister Regard.

• HUGHOUN BUTHMAN. Sij MlOHBL MULfTBIUan .

• Thom op Carrik. Jhon Boyman.

» Patrik M^Martyk. + Gib op Askrik.
» Patrik Ahar. Jhon Listar.

Gib Lang. + Jhon Lorimar.
»b Thom Chepman. Will Dixson.

+/ Jhon Broun. + Thom Hagat,

+ Jhon Nigholsoun. ^^ Nighol op Fynnyk.

Nevyn Chepman. + Jhon Barghar.

1 Twelvemonth. between Ayr and Irvine, and gave riae to fre-

^ Jealousy in regard to the exercise of their quent disputes,
privileges of trade prevailed from an early period ' Escheat

FROM THE AYR MANUSCRIPT.

229

•b Gib Barchak.
+ Jhon Walkar.

Thom of Ceaufubd.

Jhon Vazour. Jame Cordinar.^

Adam Mour. Alex*- Asloane.
+ Patoun Dugald. Alex. Mur.

Will op GLBKOAy ep.
+ Jhon Pantour*

Jhon Davisoun.

Jhon Petit.
+ Jhon M^Charry.

+ EOLLAND PrOCTOCJR.

+ Jhon Cambell.

William Chere.
+ Neil Neilsoun.

Johannes Stewart.
•b Jhon Sadlar.
+ Adam Lachlin.

John Multerer yhonger.

Patrik Mour, gyld.

Edwart M^'Charry.

Newyn M^'Mullane.

Confratres gilde

Johannes Mour de Sanchaiu
Jacobus de Cathkert.
Adam de Cunygam.

Bakkyn op F0IiABT 9Cy.

Johannes Chamer de Gadyardi
Eankyn Alin.
Fergusius Kennedy.
Johannes Wischard.
Macjolmus Qwilqwen.
EoGERUs Wischard.
Donald Glovar.
Jhon Makyson.

eoi^ra manentes.

+ Jhon Multerer yelder.

GiLBERTUS AsKRiK, dccanus

anno xxxiiii.^

Addam M^'Kylcrech.

Jhon Lutster.

Item Pattoun Thomsoun, gyld.

Andro Farchair.

Arthur op Galloway.

RoBERTus Mour de Sceldowy.

On the laflt page of the voluine (fbl. 85 b), originally blank, the following
note is written in a later hand than the foregoing : —

Isti fratres consentiunt ut habeantur le torches et . . . celebrari in
die sepulture confratris * .

^ This and the two following names are added
in the margin in a different hand.

' This item is in a different hand from the
rest of the list, and marked as if intended for a
marginal note.

' As a friendly society, the Qild, besides assist-

ing brethren who were in difficulties, or who had
suffered loss, or fallen into poverty or sickness,
and caring for their orphan children, charged it-
self with securing that the last offices were ren-
dered with becoming respect to every member of
the brotherhood — ^to the poor as well as to the
rich

230

PEOCEEDINGS OF THE GILD COURT OP AYR

James of Blabe.

Decanus gilde Adam Wischard.

Georgeus Quhit.

Johannes Lang.

Michael Mason.

Thomas Mason^ aldermannus.

Alexander RaithI. -,. .

WiLLELMUS EeDE )

Johannes Afean.
Thomas Eiche.
PATRicros Ker.

THOMAS DICKSON.

31 n U e jT*

-•^4-

Abbotb of Kilwinning, 117, 118, 120, 131 8eq,,

172.
Aberbrothoc, 164, 156. See ArbroatL
Aberbrothoc, Liber S, Thoma de, 139.
Abeiystwith, 70.
AchinioBcb, Archibald, 183.
Acts of Farlicment of Scotland, 146, 191, 218,

219, 223-4.
Adam, Abbot of Kilwinning, 117, 139-140, 165,

167.
Adam, Abbot of Melrose, 117.
Advocates' Library, 128.
^ngos, 125.
Afean, John, 230.
Agnew, Sir Andrew, Bart, of Lochnaw, atone

implements, 11, 15.
Agnew, Rev. David, CIA, Free Chuich^ Wig-
town, stone axe-hammer, 15.
Ahar, Patrick, 228.
Ailinuspeth, 134-5.
Air (Ayr), 67.

Aitken, Mr., rare stone celts, 13, 14.
Alan of Qalloway, Constable of Scotland, 132,

134 seq.
Albany, John, Duke of, 118;
Aldenistoun, land of, 132 seq,
Aldouxan Qlen, Leswalt, stone celt from, 11.
Alexander IIL, King, 116.
Analysis of bronze horn found at Coilsfield, 75.
Ancient LavXy etc,, of Scotland^ 225;
Anderson, Mr. J., 4, 13, 22, 23, 30.
Andrew de Burr, bishop of Moray, 133.
Andrew, Bishop of Argyle, 163, 166, 167.
Angus, Earl of (Archibald BeU-the-Cat), invasion

of Kilwinning Abbey by, 180-183.
Antiquaries of Scotland, Society of, 1 20, 1 3 1, 2 1 9.
Antiquities being rapidly destroyed, 2 ; nnde-

scribed in Wigtownshire, 1, 2.
Antiquities preserved at Lanfbae^ 61.

Anvil-stones from Wigtownshire, 5^ 7.

Arbroath (Aberbrothoc) Abbey, 90.

Arbroath, Abbots of, 139-40

Ardrossan, Church of, 137-8.

Argyle, Andrew, bishop of, 146-7.

Aigyle, Archibald, Earl of, 178.

Argyle, Archibald, fourth Earl of, 201.

Argyle, Earl of, 117, 118, 119.

Arms of Earl of Stair, K.T., 88.

Arms of Province of Galloway, 87*

Amele, 172.

Arran, Earl o^ 118, 192, 201.

Arran, Churches of St. Maiy and St. Bridget in,

168-171.
Arrow-heads of flint found in Ayrshire (Dairy),

57, 61 ; (Lanflne), Qalston, 61, 62.
Arrow-heads of flint from Wigtownshire, 26-30
Asloane, Alexander, 22 9<
Askrik, Gib of, 228;
Askrik, Gilbertus, 229.
Athenry, 71.

Athol, Thomas, fifth Earl ofj 134.
Auchingree, Dairy, urns found at, 41.
Auchinskeyth, Archibald of, 215.
Avignon, 142, 144, 146, 149, 155, 158, 161,

162, 166, 171-2.
Axe-hammers, stone, from Wigtownshire, 14, 15.
Axes, stone, from Wigtownshire^ 14^
Ayr, earthenware pitcher found near, 83
Ayr, Church of, 226.

Ayr Mechanics' Institution Museum, 38, 82, 83.
Ayr Mechanics' Museum, fragments of pottery

from, 82, 83.
Ayr Mechanics' Museum, urns formerly in, 38,

48, 49.
Ayr, shire of, 196
Ayr, Gild Court of, 223-30.
Ayr Manuscript, 223-30.
Ayrshire ancient urns, note on, 31-54.

232

INDEX.

Ayrshire mediaaval potteiy, examples of, 80-84.
Aysdell, Simon, 182.

Baldoon, Kirkiimer, stone implements, 10, 12,

14, 15.
Balgown, Eirkmaiden, stone axe-hammer, 15.
BaUynamona, 71.

Baity, Sir Adam, vicar of Eilmamock, 159, 216.
Bangles of stone. Old Luce, 19.
Barassie, Ayrshire, um found on farm of, 41.
Barchar, Gib, 229.
Barchar, John, 228.
Barclay, William, 182-3.
Barringham Common, 70.
Barrows, sepulchral, their contents and shape,

32, 33.
Bathcate, John, 226.
Batth (Beith), lands of, 116.
Battle-axe, stone, Portpatrick, 14.
Bayley, 70.

Bead of serpentine foimd at Lan&ne, 62.
Beads of stone. Old Luce, 19.
Beanus, 169.

Becket, Thomas k, slaughter of, 115, 129.
Beir fat, the, 218.
Beith. See also Batth, Bytth, Brith.
Beith, bronze shield found in parish of, 66.
Beith, parish church of, 114, 145, 161.
Beith, vicarage of, 160, 162.
Beith, lands of, 172, 196-217.
Beith, loch in parish of, 174.
Bell, John, 228.
Bell, Rev. Thomas B., Free Church, Leswalt, rare

stone implement, 18.
Bellenden, John, of Auchnoule, 201.
Bernard, Abbot of Kilwinning, 117.
Bernard (De Linton), abbot of Arbroath, 139-40,

153.
Berwick, Statutes of the Qild of, 225 teq.
Billings' Antiqiuitiet, 96.
Bine, Eirkcolm, stone burnisher, 19.
Blair, Hugh of, 170.
Blair, Roger of, 170.
Blair House, Dairy, um found near, 41.
"Blak Stane" of Ayr, 226.
Blaklaw, Nether, 221.
Blare (Blair), James of, 230.
Bodleian Library, 121.

Boghall, lands of, 174.

Bogsyde, the, 183.

B(^wood, Henry, 227.

Boniface VIIL, Pope, 149-50.

Borders, Scottish, 224.

Bomess Cave, Kirkcudbright, 2.

Bothwell, Earl of, 118.

Bothwell, Patrick, Earl of, 178.

Boyd, Christopher, perpetual vicar of the paiisli

church of Dairy, 184-1 9 L
Boyd, Lord, 218.
Boyd, Robert, 153.

Boyd, Sir Thomas, of Kilmarnock, 174, 179.
Boyd, William, abbot of Kilwinning, 174, 177,

179-183.
Boyd, Mrs., mother of John Hamilton, arch-
bishop of St Andrews, 172.
Boyle family, 56.
Boyman, John, 226, 228.
Boyman, Robert, 169.
Bracer stone, Old Luce, 19.
Breadieland, 220.
Brechin, church of, 153.
Bridget, St, 78.

Brith (Beith), 67,
British Museum, 69, 70, 121.
Broadfoot, Mr. Peter, collection of stone imple-
ments, 10,

Bronze age, 3, 10, 19.

Bronze buckler found in parish of Beith, 66.

Bronze flagon found at Carleith, 64.

Bronze pot found in Ayrshire, 64.

Bronze vessel found at Monk, 65.

Broun, John, 226, 228.

Brown, Miss, of Lanfine ; her collection of
Ayrshire antiquities, 61, 65.

Brown, James, 186, 196, 208-9.

Brown, Thomas, 186.

Brown, Peter, 209.

Brown, William, 180.

Browne, John, 226.

Buano Were, 169.

Bucklers, bronze, found in Scotland, 66-69.

Bucklers, bronze, found in England and Wales,
69-70.

Bucklers, bronze, found in L^eland, 71.

Bunch, Alexander, 183.

Bunch, John, 183.

INDEX.

233

Banche, William, abbot of Kilwinning, 178, 180.

Buighal laws, 224, 227.

Bumcastall, land of, 132 $eq.

BnmiBher stone, Eirkcolm, 19.

Buihman, Hugo (Huchoun), 226, 228.

Byreflat, 218.

Byttli (Bdth), lands of, 116.

CiLESAR, 72.

Cairns, sepulchral, Ayrshire, their contents and

shape, 32, 33.
Cairpre (Carpreus), father of Finnan of Moville,

125.
Calderwood's History referred to, 114.
Caldons, Stoneykirk, stone celt, 12.
Cambell, John, 229.

Cambuskenneth, Alexander, abbot of, 191.
Campbell, Alan, 170.

Campbell, Archibald, Lord of Lochaw, 170.
Campbell, Janet, wife of Robert, Master of

Eglinton, stone bearing her initials, 114.
Capelheron, Whithorn, stone celt, 12.
Capgrave's Nova Legenda quoted, 121.
Caprington Castle, 74, 75.
Caprington horn, note on, 74, 75.
Caiiti, Bertrand, papal nuncio in Scotland, 141-2,

143-4, 146-7.
Carleith, bronze flagon found at, 64.
Carlisle, 119.

Carnduff Brae, Stewarton, urns found on, 42.
Carrie Gate, 226.
Carrie, Thomas, 225-6, 228.
Carrick, John, Earl of, 175-6, 178-9.
Cassiltounis, Over and Nether, 221.
CasteUaw, William, 219, 222.
Cateaton Street, London, pottery found at, 82.
Cathkert, James of, 229.

Castle Kennedy, Inch, crannog, 1 ; stone celt, 12.
Celts of stone, from Wigtownshire, unpolished,

10 ; polished, 10-14 ; of rare type, 13,

14.
Cetra (or Coetra), 72.
Chalmers' Caledonia referred to, 128, 142, 145,

170.
Cliamberlain Courts, 174.
Chamer, John, of Gadyard, 229.
Chancery Brieves, 224.
Changue, arrow-heads found at, 61.

Charmaig, St, church of (Kilmachormac), 146-7,
163, 167, 168.

Charteris, Laurence, Professor of Divinity, 120.

Chatelherault, Duke of, 118, 119.

Chatelherault, James, Duke of, 197.

Chepman, Nevyn, 228.

Chepman, Thomas, 228.

Chere, William, 229.

Cinerary urns, Ayrshire, 38-42.

Circular stone implements with central perfora-
tion, from Wigtownshire, 17.

Civil process in Scotland, old remaining vestiges
of, 224.

Clachshiant, Stoneykirk, stone implements, 5
(note), 8.

Clark, J. Gilchrist, Esq., of Speddoch, 5 (^te\
22, 26, 27, 28 (note), 29.

Clement VL, Pope, 118.

Clipens, 72.

Clyde, river, 141.

Coal, perforated piece of, found near Lanfine,
63.

Coat-of-arms, distinction between, and genea-
logical pennon, 86.

Cochran-Patrick, R. W., of Woodside, articles
by, 55-60, 74-75.

Coilsfield, bronze horn found at, 74.

Cockbum, Alexander, of Langtoun, 176, 179.

Coins with shields, 71.

Colgan, 125.

College of Justice, 191.

Cologne, Chartreuse of, 125.

Colquhoun, Malcolm, 183.

Columba, St, 125, 225.

Comyn, Walter, of Rowallan, 169, 176, 179.

Congr^s International d'Anthropologie et d'Ar-
ch^ologie Prehistoriques, Compte Rendu de, 5.

Content, St Quivoz, ^'food vessels" found at,
50, 51.

Cordonar, James, 227, 229.

Corsehill, bum of, 174, 180.

Oorsehill, lands of, 206, 207, 217.

Courthill, Dairy, ''drinking cup'' found in, 53.

Courthill, note of some explorations in a Tumu-
lus, in Dairy, Ayrshire, called the, 55,

Cousland, 88.

Cowall, 118.

Coxe, Rev. H. 0., 121.

2 H

234

INDEX.

CreiDati(m and inlmmation oontempoianeoiu,
33.

Oronan (ChronaniiB), St, 117.

CroBsbrae, 180.

Cruggleton, old kirk of, Sorbie, hammer-axe, 15.

Coupar-[Angu8] (Cowper), John, abbot of, 118.

Cowper, Alexander, of Bridgend, 208-9, 215,

217.
Craufurd, Thomafl of, 229.
Ciawfurd's Officers of State, 139, 201.
Crawfurd's Renfrewshire, 128, 170.
CroBsraguel, 119.
Cuff Hill, Beitb, cairn of, 34.
Culgroat, Low, Stoneykirk, stone axe-hammer, 15.
Culper, John, 196, 208-9.
Culross, abbot of, 147, 149.
Cults, Whithorn, stone celt, 11.
Cumming, Rev. J. G., 78.
Cuninghame, David, of Robertland, 219-22.
Cuninghame, Merry and, 56.
Cuninghame, Mr. Smith, of Caprington, 75.
Cunningham, bailiery of, 203-217, 221.
Cunningham, lordship of, bestowed on Sir

Richard Morville, 116.
Cunningham, Robert, of Auchenharvie, 180.
Cunobeline, 71, 72.
Cunygam, Adam of, 229.
Curry, Robert, 196, 208-9.

Dal Fiatachs or Uladh, royal house of, 125.

Dalgamet, John, 154, 166.

Dalgemoc, Thomas of, 140.

Dalglen meadow, 218.

Dalgow, 218.

Dalmoulin, 117.

Dairy, church of, 137-8, 184-191.

Dairy, Courthill of, explorations in, 55-60.

Dairy mple, Charles, Esq., F.S.A«, on crannog at

Castle Kennedy, 1.
Dalrymple, discovery of jug at, 80.
Dairy mple, Earl of Stair, arms of, 88.
Dalrymple, Sir James, 88.
Dalrymple, Sir William, of Cousland, 88.
Damnaholly, Kirkmaiden, stone celt, 12.
Date of bronze bucklers, 71.
David L, 224.
David IL (Bruce), King of Scotland, 141 seq.,

169.

David, St, 126.

Davisoun, John, 229

Dawson, Qilbert, 186.

Deanfield, 218.

Dean's Yard, the, 218.

De Morville, Dorothea, wife of FhiUippua de
Horssey, 116.

De Morville, Hugh, Constable of Scotland, 117,
128-9.

De Morville, Sir Richard, supposed founder of
Kilwinning Monastery, 115, 116, 129; hia
wife, 115, 116 ; his daughter Eva, 132.

De Morville, William, 1 1 7.

De Morvilles, the, 98, 115, 116.

Dempster, Thomas, quoted, 117, 120, 121, 129.

Denholm, Mr., of Glasgow, 92.

Deyne (Dene), John, 186, 196, 208-9.

Dickson, Thomas, article by, 223.

Diksone, William, 225.

Dixson, William, 228.

Dobie, Mr., 174, 180 ; on destruction of Kil-
winning Monastery, 119.

Dobie, the late John, Esq., of Crummock, quoted,
42, 46.

Doon river, urn found near, 41.

Dorchester, 71,

Dothan, John, 186.

Douglas, 88.

Douglas, Archibald, Earl of, 176, 179.

Douglas, Qavin, Bishop of Dunkeld, 180.

Douglas, James of, Lord of Dalkeith, 176, 179.

Douglas, Lord of Galloway, 87.

Douglas's Peercu^e, 134, 147, 201.

Do Walton Loch, crannogs in, 1, 19.

Down, county, 125.

Drill of flint found at Galston, 62.

" Drinking cups," Ayrshire, 53.

Druimfionn (Dromin), founded by St Finnan,
125.

Drummond, James, R.S.A., 76.

Drummond, Walter, Dean of Dunblane, 1 78.

Dryburgh Abbey, 98, 128, 132 seq., 172-3.

Dryhuryh, Liber S. Marie de, 133, 135.

Dryburgh, Register of, 172.

Dryburgh, Hugh, abbot of, 138.

Dugald, Patoun, 229.

Duly, William, 180.

Dunbarton, church of, 142, 152, 155.

INDEX-

235

Dundonald, 172, 176, 179.

Dunfermline Abbey, 90.

Dunfermline, George, commendator of, 201.

Dunfermline, John, abbot of, 118.

Dunfermline, prior of, 133-4.

Dunkeld, church of, 153.

Dunkeld, biahop of, 176, 179.

Dunlop, vicarage of, 192.

Durham, battle of, 224.

Edinburgh, 85, 119, 174, 177, 180, 192,

201-2, 205, 222.
Edinburgh, Records of the Burgh of, 226.
Edinburgh Magazine, 92.
Edward, Robert, 182.
Edward I. of England, 118.
Eglinton Castle, " food yessel " found near, 51.
Eglinton, Earls of, 92, 116, 120.
Eglinton, Hugh of, 170.
Eglinton, Hugh, third Earl of, 197-202.
Eglinton Memorials, 179.
Eglinton, Robert, Master of, stone bearing his

initials, 114.
Elder, Lawrence, 186.
Elgin Cathedral, 90.
Ellesmere, 70.

Erskine, Sir Thomas, 176, 179.
Ervie, Kirkcolm, stone celt, 1 1.
Espadare, 117.
Evans, John, D.C.L. Oxon, etc, article on bronze

buckler by, 66-73.

Fail, 119.

Fail Mill, Tarbolton, urn found at, 41.

Falkknd, 118.

Farchar, Andrew, 226, 229.

Farmer, Rev. Dr., 67.

Fasti Eccles. Scot, 146.

Ferris, Dr., 67.

Fife and Menteth, Robert, Earl of, 176, 179.

Finnan (Finan), St., of Moville, generally identi-
fied with St Wynnyn, 121, 125-6.

Finnan, MS. lives of, 121.

Finnan, Dr. Reeves' note on, 125.

Flagon, bronze, 64,

Flescher, Patrick, 196, 208.

Flint flakes and implements found in Ayrshire
(Dairy), 56, 58.

Flint, in drift and on raised sea-beaches in Wig-
townshire, 4 ; workers of, 7 ; implements of,
their age, 3, 20 ; polished implements (note),
5 ; cores, 20 ; flakes, 20 ; flake knives and
saws, 20 ; scrapers, 20-22 ; borers, 22 ;
drill, 23 ; trimmed flake, 23 ; trimmed
knives, 23 ; trimmed saws, 26 ; oval imple-
ments, 25 ; arrow-heads — ^leaf-shaped, 26,
lozenge, 27, lanceolate, 27, triangular, 27|
barbed, 28 ; javelin-head, 30.

Flodden, battle of, 180.

Florentius, Bishop of Glasgow, 117, 131.

" Food vessels,*' Ayrshire, 47-52.

Forbes*s Kalendar of Scottish Saints, 125.

Forestalling forbidden in burghal laws, 227.

Forman, George, precentor of church of Glasgow,
182.

Forman, John, pretended abbot of Kilwinning,
180, 183.

Forman, Robert, Dean of Glasgow, 181.

Forts, ancient, in Wigtownshire, 2.

Foulschaw, land of, 221.

Franks, Mr., 71.

Frigidian, St. See St Finnan.

Fullarton, William de, 169.

Fynnyk, Nichol of, 228.

G., James, 192.

Galdenoch, Leswalt, rare stone implement, 18.

Galfred, William of, 155, 166.

Galloway, arms of the province of, 87.

Galloway, Earls of, 87.

Galloway, Arthur of, 229.

Galloway, William, article by, 89.

Galston, arrow-heads found at, 62.

Gamock river, 55, 116.

Gavin, Abbot of Kilwinning, 117.

Gavin, Archbishop of Glasgow, 184-191.

Gavin, Commendator of Kilwinning, 193, 196,

197, 201, 203-217, 218.
Gaw, John, 180.
General Register-House, 223.
Genoch, "incense cup *' found at, 43-46.
George, Commendator of Dunfermline, 201.
Gibson, Henry, 215-16.
Giffen Castle, shield found near, 67.
Gilbert of Templeton, 165.
Gild Court of Ayr, 221 m^

236

INDEX.

Qillespie, Old Luce, lare stone implements, 17,
18.

Qirvan, 63.

Qiiran, urn found near, 41.

Glasgow, 166.

Glasgow, Archdeacon of, 147, 149.

Glasgow, Bishops of. See Lindsay, Walter.

Glasgow, cathedral kirk of, 152, 155, 162, 183.

Glasgow, chapter of, 152, 155, 159, 162.

Glasgow Chartularyy 145.

Glasgow College, Ecclesiastical Records of, 186.

Glasgow, Diocesan Registers of, 180, 181-2.

Glasgow, diocese of, 161, 171, 193, 203 seq,

Glencairn, Cuthbert, Earl of, invasion of Kilwin-
ning Abbey by, 180-3.

Glencairn, Earl o^ 117, 119.

Glencanop, William of, 229.

Glengairden dedicated to St. Mungo, 126.

Gleniron, New Luce, stone celt from old kiln, 1 1.

Glenjorrie, Old Luce, stone celt, 13.

Glenluce, Baron, 88.

Glenluce, implements of stone and bronze, 4.

Glovar, Donald, 227, 229.

Glovar, Morice, 228.

(Jodfrey of Ardrossan, 170.

Groodrich Court, 69.

Gordon, Sir Robert, 74.

Gordon's Monasticon, 135, 138, 139.

Grave-mounds, ancient, 31-35.

Gray, John, 222.

Greeks, 72.

Green Foot, 218.

Greenwell, Rev. Canon, quoted, 33, 35, 36, 46,
54.

Gregory, St (the Great), Pope, 126.

Gregory IX., Pope, 137.

Gregory XL, Pope, 170, 171.

Greynschelis, William, 196.

Grose, Capt, view illustrating his notice of Kil-
winning Abbey, 92.

GruVs Ecclesiastical History, 135, 143.

Guthrie, Alexander, 222.

Hakatb (Hacat), Thomas, 225, 228.

Hailisepath, 132-3.

Haldane, Sir Gilbert, vicar of Dairy, 181.

Halidon Hill, 169.

Halland, lands of, 141.

Hamilton, 193.

Hamilton, Alexander, abbot of Kilwinning, 184-

192.
Hamilton, Gaim, abbot of Kilwinning, 118.
Hamilton, Gavin, of Raploch, 218.
Hamilton, James, of Woodsyde, 200, 207-209,

217.
Hamilton, John, subchantor, canon of church of

Glasgow, 203-217.
Hamilton, John, archbishop of St Andrews, 192,

201, 203-217, 219-22.
Hamilton, Robert, chamberlain of Kilwinning,

208-9, 217.
Hamilton, Patrick, of B<)g8yde, 196.
Hamilton, William, 186, 203-217.
Hamiltons, family of, 118.
Hammer-axes, stone, from Wigtownshire, 15, 16.
Hammer-stones from WigtoMmshire, 6, 7.
Hampton, 70.

Harris, Mr. Peter, Ervie, celt, 1 1.
Hauld, Patrick, 117.
Hawick, John, 182.
Hay, John, 222.
Hay's Scotia Sacra, 117.
Henderson, Alexander, 208-9.
Henrison, Eumonides, curate of Kilwinning, 182,

196, 200.
Henry IL of England, 116.
Heraldry of Wigtownshire, 85-88.
Herbert, Dean of Gksgow, 117, 131.
Hillhead, Paton of, in Daliy, 60.
Hist, Eccks., 121.

Hist. MSS, Commission, Report, 170.
Hoare, Sir Richard Colt, quoted, 33, 37, 38, 54.
Hole-stane, Crowse, Kirkinnon {note), 1.
Holyrood Abbey, 90, 108.
Honorius IL, Pope, 116.
Honorius III., Pope, 133-4.
Horn, analysis of, 75.
Horn, bronze, found at Coilsfield, 74.
Horn, measurements of, 75.
Horns of deer found in Dairy, 59.
Ilorsmure, land of, 221.
Horsey, Phillipus de, 116.
Horsey, Lord Walter de, 116.
Houston, James, sub-dean of metropolitan church

of Glasgow, 184-191.
Hugh, Thomas, 183.

INDEX.

237

Hughan, Mr., Cults, celt, 11.

Home, Alexander, Lord, 178.

Hnnter, Patrick, 228.

Hunter, R., of Hunter, 76.

Hunterian Museum, Glasgow, urn in, 40.

Hunterston Brooch, note on, 76-79.

Hunterston, West Kilbride, dneraiy urn found

near, 40.
Huntly, Earl of, 119, 201.
Huntlj, George, Earl of, 178, 201.
Hutred of Langelt, land of, 132-3-4.
Hutton, General, MS. collections, 131.
Hydriotaphia Cambrenns quoted, 36, 46, 47, 54.

Illistoun, land of, 134-5.

Incense cups, Ayrshire, 42-47.

Inch, parish of, Wigtownshire, crannog, 1 ; stone
celt, 12 ; flint scraper, 21.

Ingleram of Henka Wille, 165, 167.

Innes, Cosmo, 224.

Innes, Thomas, Oiv. et EccUs, Hitt of Scodand,

121.
Inverlussa, chapel of St Michael in, 146-7, 163,

167.
Iron age, 3, 10.
Irvin (Irvine), 67.
Irvine (Irwyn), 135, 141, 228.
Irvine, parish of, 193.
Isis, 71.

Jack (Jaksoun), Leon, 180, 200.

James III, 174, 176, 179.

James IV., 175.

James, Archbishop of Glasgow, 183.

Jeflfrey, Mr., 69.

Jedburgh Abbey, 108, 219.

Jedburgh, dedication of church of, 223.

Jewitt, Uewellynn, quoted, 46.

Jocelinus, 116.

John, Abbot of KHwinning, 117, 138.

John of Angus, Abbot of Arbroath, 139-40.

John of Huntingdon, 131.

John of Menteth, 153, 165, 168, 170, 171.

John of Paisley, canon of Glasgow, 154, 156,

166.
John of Soulis, 165, 167.
John, Seneschal, admitted to Ayr gild, 227.
John XX II., Pope, letters, etc., by, 141 aeq.

Jug found in Dalrymple parish, description of,
80, 81.

Easr-vininhill, 115.

Keith's CaicUogue of Scottish Bishops, 121, 133,
143, 145, 192.

Kelly, Mr, John, North Milton, Old Luce, stone
hammer-axe, 16.

Kelso, 69.

Kelso Abbey, 219 ; abbot of, 147, 149.

Kelso, Henry, 182.

Kenlochgilp, 118.

Kennydy, Fergus, 227, 229.

Kentigern, St, 173-4, 225.

Ker, James, 174.

Ker, Patrick, 230.

Kereluing, Old Luce, trimmed flint knife, 24.

Kevoca, St, 225.

Keyser, Professor, quoted, 35.

Kilbimy, vicarage of, 192.

KHbride, West, 76, 179.

Kilmachormac, parsonage of, 146. See Char-
maig, St

Kilmarnock, church of, 145, 161.

Kilmarnock, lands of^ 141, 197-202.

Kilmichael Inverlussa, 146.
Kilrig or Oxenwairde, 218.
Kilwinning, etymology of, 115.
Kilwinning Abbey, ruins of, 89.
Kilwinning, abbots of, 117, 118, 120, 131 seq.
Kilwinning, bridge of, 174, 180.
Kilwinning, lands of, 172, 202-218.
Kilwinning, John, commendator of, 146.
King, Adam, 121.

" King Coil's Tomb," Tarbolton, opening of, 52.
Kirkcolm, parish of, Wigtownshire, stone imple-
ments, 9, 19, 30.
Kirkhill, Ardrossan, ''food vessel" found at, 51.
Kirkinner, parish of, Wigtownshire, stone im-
plements, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16.
Kirkmaiden, parish of, Wigtownshire, stone im-
plements, 12, 14, 15.
Kirkmauchline, Stoneykirk, rare stone celts, 13,

14.
Kirkpatrick (Kilpatrick), William, 196, 208-9.
Klone, High, Mochrum, stone hammer-axe, 16.
Knapdale, chapel of St Mary in, 146-7, 163, 167.
Knapdale, church of St Trechan in, 165, 167.

238

INDEX.

Knapdale, lands of, 170.

Knockencrunge, Old Luce, 8.

Knocknean, Kirkcolm, flint arrow-lieads, 30.

Knockscrub, Old Luce, flint arrow-head, 27.

E^ox, John, 118, 119 ; quoted, 117.

Eras, Andrew, 165, 167.

Kyle, 74, 118.

Kyle, John, Lord, 118.

Kylma, lands of, 118.

Kyntyre, castle of, 178, 180.

Lachlin, Adam, 227, 229.

Laing, Andrew, rector of Hoddam, 215.

Laing, David, 92.

Laing, Henry (ScoUtsh SeaU), 129-30, 131.

Laing, James, 215.

Laing, John, 203-217.

Lancaster, Avicia (Auicea), wife of Sir Richard
Morville, lands granted by her to Kilwinning
Monastery, 116, 117, 178.

Lanfine, antiquities preserved at, 61-65.

Lang, Gib, 228.

Lang, John, 230.

Langelt, lands of, 132-3-4.

Langres, church of, 141 seq.

Largs, lordship of, bestowed on Sir Richard
MorviUe, 116.

Lasair (Lassara), mother of Finnan of Moville,
125.

Lateran, the, 133.

Lauder, parish and church, 133 9eq., 172.

Lauderdale, lordship of, bestowed on Sir Richard
Morville, 116.

Lavaur, church of, 142.

Law, Tarbolton, "food vessel" found at; 48.

Leith, 119.

Lennox Chartulary, 142.

Lennox, James, 222.

Lennox, Regent, 119.

Lesly, Bishop, his account of Kilwinning Monas-
tery, 115, 117.

Leswalt, parish of, Wigtownshire, stone imple-
ments, 11, 17, 18.

Leven river, 141.

Liandcorse, lands of, 172, 176, 179, 197-202-
217.

Liber GoUegii Noetre Dominej 184, 186.

Liberton, church of, 170, 173-4.

Lighthouse, The, by Unda, 1.

Limerick, 71.

Lincolnshire, 70.

Lindsay, Sir David, 87.

Lindsay, John, bishop of Glasgow, 142-39 15S,

155, 166.
Lindsay, John, of Craigie, 170.
Linn, Dairy, urns found on lands of, 41.
Listar, John, 228.
Lister, Walter, 180.

Livingston, Alexander, of Dunipace, 201.
Livy, 72.

Llanffinan, church of, in Anglesea, 126.
Uannidan, church of, in Anglesea, 126.
Lochbrand, 174.
Lochemylne, 221.
Lochrig (Over), 221.
Loddanree, Old Luce, 8.
London, 70, 82, 85, 159, 162.
Long barrows or cairns, their characteristics, 34.
Lorimar, John, 228.
Lowth, county, 125.

Lugtonridge, bronze buckler found at, 66.
Lumphanan = Welsh Llanffinan, 126.
Lundy, Robert, of Balgony, 178.
Lutster, John, 229.
Lyolstoun, 132-3.
Lyon, D. Murray, 226.
Lyon King of Arms, 85.

Mac Arthur's Antiquitiee of Arran, 170.

Macdonald, J., LL.D., articles by, 31-54, 80-84.

Macdowall, James, Esq., of Logan, stone imple-
ments, 12, 14, 15, 23, 24, 27, 29.

Macedonians, 72.

Machermore, Old Luce, stone implements, 7, 9,
18, 30.

Mackenzie, J. Whitefoord, 203.

M*Charry, Edward, 229.

M^Charry, Hogs, 228.

M'Charry, John, 229.

M'Grenyll, John, 196.

M^CuUoch, Mr. William T., 69.

M'Harvie, Mr. James, Old Luce, rare stone
implement, 18.

M'Uwraith, Mr., celts, 12 ; stone axe-hammer,
15.

M'Kylcrech, Adam, 229.

INDEX.

239

IfMiddng, Mr., Enockneen, stone bnmuihery 19.

M^Martyne, Patrick, 226, 228.

M'Mullane, Edward, 229.

M'Murtrie, Mid Torrs, Old Lace, stone bracer, 19

M'Nawych, ChriBtian, 169.

Maghbile, church of, 125.

Mair, John, 192.

Maitland, John, prior of Coldingham, 119.

Maitland, Secretary, 119.

Maitland, Thomas, 119.

Makyson, John, 229.

Malcolm de Eandi, vicar of church of Qlasgow,

154, 166.
Maling, Thomas, 183.
Malmor, Hobelan, perpetual yicar of Kyllinan,

118.
Malvoisine, William, bishop of St Andrews, 135,

153,156.
Man, Isle of, 77, 78.
Margaret, Queen of Scotland, 177, 179.
Marjoribanks, Thomas, of Ratho, 201.
Mark, High, Leswalt, rare stone implement, 17.
Marque8ii,Gerald,notar7,154,156, 161, 166,168.
Martin, teinds of the land o^ 132-3-4.
Martyrologium secundum vsum Scdesie Aherdon-

eniis MS. quoted, 120.
Mary of Lorraine, Queen Regent, 118.
Mary Queen of Scots, 119, 197, 201.
Mason, Alexander, 209.
Mason, Michael, 230.
Mason, Robert, 208-9, 217.
Mason, Thomas, 230.

Matthew, Bishop of St Andrews, 176, 179.
Maul-stone, Portpatrick, 17.
Mauretama, 72.
Maurice de Moravia, 169.
Maxwell, Christian, wife of Sir Herbert Maxwell

of Monreith, 169.
Maxwell, Sir Herbert, of Monreith, article by,

85-88.
Maxwell, John, of PoUoc, 168, 170, 171, 176,

179.
May (Isle of) Priory, 133-4.
Maybole, " food vessel " found near, 49.
Mealing-stones from Wigtownshire, 9.
Mechell, James, 196, 208-9.
Mekle or Bog waird, 218.
Mekle or Braid meadow, 218.

Melrose, Chronicle of, 128, 129, 131 $eq,

Melrose Abbey, demolition oi^ 104.

MemoricUs of ike Montgomeries quoted, 119, 170,
192, 201.

Menteth, Earl of (Walter Stewart), 146-7, 163-5
167.

Menteth, Eatherine, Countess of, 168, 170.

Menteth, Lady Mary, Countess of, 165, 167.

Merchant gilds in Scotland, 225.

Merry and Cuninghame, 56.

Meyrick collection of armour, 69, 70.

Michael, Kirk, 78.

Midmar, dedicated to St Nidan, 126.

Millar, James, farmer in Moss-side, finder of a
piece of perforated coal, 63.

Miller, William, 209.

Mitchell, Mr. Qarlies, stone axe imbedded in
black oak tree, 16.

Mochrum, parish of, Wigtownshire, stone ham-
mer-axe, 19.

Moel Sindbod, Carnarvonshire, 70.

Monk, near Qalston Moor, 65.

Montgoraerie, Joanna, daughter of Sir William
Montgomerie of Ardrossan, 174.

Montgomerie, Sir John, of Ardrossan, 174.

Montgomery, the Lords, 116.

Montgomery, Alexander, 174.

Montgomery, George, of Mains, 215.

Montgomery, H., of Hessilhead, 179.

Montgomery, John, 174.

Montgomery, Patrick, of Sevenacres, 215.

Montgomery, Robert, 174-5.

Montgomery, William, 174.

Montgomery, William, of Giffin, 174.

Moray, Andrew de Burr, bishop of, 132 seq.

More, Reginald, 118.

Morison, George, 208-9.

Morris, James, 84.

Morton, Earl of, 119.

Morville (Morwell). See De Morville.

Morville, Sir Richard, supposed founder of Kil-
winning Monastery, 115, 116, 178 ; his wife
116, 117, 178.

Moss-side, near Lanfine, 63.

Mould of serpentine found at Trochraigue, 63,
64.

Mour, Adam, 229.

Mour, John, of Sanquhar, 229.

240

INDEX.

Moor, Patrick, 229.

Hour, Bobert, of Soeldonry, 229.

Morille, founder of^ 125.

Mnlteier, John, 228, 229.

Mnlterer, John, younger, 229.

Mnlterar, Sir Michael, 228.

Mungo, St, 126.

Mar, Alexander, 229.

Mnie, Alexander, 192-3.

More, George, 193.

Mure, Sir Gilchriflt, of Rowallan, 179.

Murehead, Richard, dean of Glasgow, 178.

Murray, Earl of, 118.

Museum, National, of Antiquities, Edinburgh, 2,

4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,

19, 20, 26, 30.

Nasktth, Jacob, 193.

Near Wood, the, 218.

Neilsoun, Neil, 229.

Newbattle Abbey, 219.

NewbatUe, Hugo, abbot of, 118.

Newcastle-on-Tyne, 70, 224.

NewUston, Baron, 88.

New Luce, parish of, stone implements, 1 U

Nicholas, Sir, of Lundy, 140.

Nicholsoun, John, 228.

Nidan, St, 126.

Nigel, Abbot of Kilwinning, 117, 131.

Nisbet, 87, 88.

Northumberland, 70.

OcHlLTBEE, cinerary urn found at, 39.

Old Luce, parish of, Wigtownshire, deposit of flint
and other implements at Torrs, 4 ; stone
implements, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 16-30.

OUphant, Andrew, 193.

Origines Parochiales, 1 46.

Ormesheucht, lands of, 192.

Oxenfoord, Baron, of Cousland, 88.

Oxfordshire, 71.

Pabslet Abbbt, 98, 219.

Paisley burnt, 119.

Paisley, grant of lands to, 117, 118.

Palgrave's Doc. and Records^ 145.

Pantour, John, 229.

Park, Matthew, 180.

Park, Thomas, 196.

PaiBon's fold, the, 218.

Passdd, Begitirum de, 147.

Paterson's History of Ayr, 169.

Paton of Billhead, 60.

Paton of Swinleea, 55, 60.

Patrick. See Cochran-Patrick.

Paul II., Pope, 205.

Paul IV., Pope, 206.

Pavements, circular, in Wigtownshire, 5, 8.

Peebles, John, bishop of Dunkeld, 176, 179.

Peebles, Thomas, 180.

Perclewan, Dalrymple, jug found at, 80, 81.

Perforated i)ebble, implements of, from Wigtown-
shire, 15, 16.

Perugia, 137.

Petersen, Professor J. Magnus, 76.

Petit, John, 229.

PhiHps, Mr., 78.

Picts* kiln, probable, in Wigtownshire, 1 1.

Pihnor, teinds of, 132-3-4.

Piltanton Bum, 25.

Pitcher, earthenware, found near Ayr, 83, 84.

Pluscardensis (Liber), MSS. of, 129.

Polisher, stone, from Wigtownshire, 9.

Pont, Bev. Timothy, map by, 25.

Pout's CunningharMf 114, 128, 196 ; his account
of Kilwinning Monastery, 115, 116, 119.

Portpatrick, parish of, Wigtownshire, stone im-
plements, 14, 17.

Pot, earthen, set in ring of pebbles, Wigtown-
shire, 5.

Pottery, mediseval, Ayrshire examples of, 80-84.

Pottery, note on some Ayrshire examples of,
supposed to be inediseval, 80-84.

Prehistoric antiquities of Wigtownshire, many
undescribed, 1, 2.

Preston, 118.

Prior's meadow, 218.

Proctour, Holland, 229.

Province of Galloway, arms of, 87.

QiTERNS common in Wigtownshire, 19.
Quhit, Geoige, 230.
Quilqwen, Malcolm, 227, 229.

Baith, Alexander, 230.

Balston, Hugh, of Woodside, 193-196.

Bamsay, George, 186.

INDEX.

241

Bankeson, Archibald, 186.

Bankyn, Alin, 229.

Rankyn of Folartoun, 229.

Baymund de Querca, papal nuncio in Scotland,
141 9eq.

Raymnnd (Sir) de Monteboeiii, dean of Qlasgow,
159, 162.

Recard, Maister, 228,

Red, John, 228.

Rede, Martin, chancellor of Qlaagow, 183.

Rede, William, 230.

Reeves' Eecl. Antiq. of Down^ 125.

Reeyes* Note on St, Finan, 125.

Reginald of Cranford, 165, 167.

Begister of Privy Council of Scotkmdy 219.

Begistrum de Passelet, 147.

Begittrum Spitcopatus GUuguenaiSj 131, 137.

Begistnm Magni SigUli, 140, 175, 176, 197.

Richard de Lanark, sub-dean of Glasgow, 118.

Richaid, Prior of May, 133-4.

Riche, Thomas, 230.

Riventos, lands in, 146-7, 163, 167.

Robert, Abbot of Kilwinning, 117.

Robert, Archdeacon of Glasgow, 131.

Robert, Bishop of Glasgow, 161, 162.

Robert, Canon of Edinburgh, 118.

Robert I. (Bruce), 142-3, 150, 155, 156, 224 ;
Charters from, to the Abbey of Kilwinning,
140, 141.

Robert II. (Stuart), 172, 175, 178.

Robert III., 173, 175, 178, 179.

Robert of Hedun, 131.

Robert, Treasurer and Canon of Church of Glas-
gow, 152, 155.

Robertland, 220, 221.

Robertson's Ayrshire Families^ 169, 179, 196.

Robertson's IncUxy 140, 141, 170.

Roland, Lord of GkJloway, 131, 134 seq.

Rome, 72, 159, 162.

Rome, See of, 183.

Round barrows or cairns, 34.

Rowne meadow, 218.

Roxburgh, 131-2, 224.

Runes on Hunterston Brooch, 76.

Byesholm, in Dahy, 56.

Sadleb, John, 229.

St Andrews cathedral, 98.

St. Andrews, diocese of, 172-3, 205.

St. Andrews, priory of St. Regulus, 102.

St Andrews, Jaqies, prior of, 118.

St Andrews, Laurence, archdeacon of, 134,

St Andrews, Simon, prior of, 135-6.

St. Andrews, William Malvoisine, bishop of,

135, 153, 156.
St Columba, 125.
St. Frigidian = ? St Frigidianus, patron saint

of Lucca, 125.
St. Machar's Cathedral, Aberdeen, 90.
St Mamock, 117,
St Regulus, 102.
Salisbuiy Cathedral, 98.
Samson, land of (Todlaw), 132 seq.
Sandhills, Old Luce, 5, 6.
Sawchy, John, notary, 182.
Scots Magaaine^ 93, 94.
Scott, Alexander, prior of Kilwinning, 180, 181,

183, 186.
Scott, James, vicar of Kilbimy, 191-2.
Scott, W. H., 131.
Scottish heraldry, 85.
Sciyverlands, lands of, 172, 176, 179.
Sea Mill, West Kilbride, cinerary urn found

near, 40.
Seals of Kilwinning Monastery, 129-31.
Segdoune, former name of site of Kilwinning

Monastery, 115.
Seyenacres Mill, 218.
Shield, bronze, found in Beith parish, 66.
Shropshire, 70.

Sibbold, Andrew, canon of Glasgow, 183.
Simpson, Sir James Y., 76.
Skeldon, ''food vessels" found at, 47.
Skene, W. F., note on St Wynnyn, 1 26.
Skimalland (Scryverlands), 179.
Sloan, the late Dr. C. F., 39.
Smith, Dr. J. Alexander, quoted, 46, 54.
Smith, Mr., manager, Kilwinning Ironworks,

112.
Smith, Thomas F., 84.
Smith, William, 183.
Smithies at burgh gates, 226.
Sodor, Diocese of, 171.
Somerville family, 170.

Sorbie, parish of, Wigtownshire, stone hammer-
axe, 15.

242

INDEX.

SonrlesoTuiy Thomas, 228.

Spain, 72.

Spanifih coinfl with ahields, 72.

Spark, Adam, abbot of Kilwinning, 172-4, 180,
186.

Spittell, knd of, 221.

Spottiswoode, Bishop, historian, 128.

Spottiswode, or Spottiswood, John, 222.

Stair, arms of Earl of, 88.

Stair, Kight Hon. the Earl of, stone implements,
9, 13, 19.

Stamfordham, 70.

Stephens, Professor George, article by, 76-79.

Steward, William, 183.

Stewart, James, of Periston, 169.

Stewart, John, 229.

Stewart, Sir John, Seneschal, 165, 167, 169.

Stewart, Walter. See Menteth.

Stewarton parish, land in, 219-222.

Steyne, Alan, 196, 208-9.

Steyne, Walter, 183.

Stirling, 224.

Stirling, John, 183.

Stone age, 3, 10.

SUme Implements of Wigtownskire, notes on the
ancient, 1-30.

Stoneykirk, parish of, Wigtownshire, stone imple-
ments, 4, 5 (fk>^), 8, 12, 13, 14, 15.

Storie, Mr. B. J., 67.

Stranraer, Baron, 88.

Stratheam, Robert, Earl of, 118.

Stuart, Dr. John, 1, 76, 77.

Stole, Charles, 186.

Suy-Innen = Vinin's Seat, 115. See also
Wynnyn,

Swandame meadow, 218.

Swinlees, Paton of, 55.

Symontoun, Sir John, 183.

Synacrie mill, 218.

Tacitus, 72.

Tacitus, Caledonian weapons, 3.

Tascioyanus, 71.

Tenew (St.), Street of, in Glasgow, 187, 191.

Terbert, Alexander, 203-217.

Teviotdale, 223.

Teyndar, James, 186.

Thames, 70, 71.

Thiele, Herr, 76.

Thomas of Dalgemoc, 140.

Thomas de Infiimitorio, 169.

Thomas, Prior of Whithorn, 172-3.

Thomson, Ebenezer, 223.

Thomson, Pattonn, 229.

Thomley, lands of, 118.

Threppewood, lands o^ 116.

Thumam, the late Dr. John, quoted, 33, 34, 36,

37, 50.
Tighemach, 125.
Todlaw. See Samson.
Torbolton, horn found at, 74.
Torhousekie, Wigtown, standing-stones o^ 1 ;

stone implements, 15.
Torrs, Old Luce, sandhills and raised sea beaches,

4, 11 ; flint implements, 26-29.
Townend of Threepwood, '* incense cup " found

at, 42.
Townhead Quarry, near Ayr, 83, 84 ; jug found

in, 84.
Trail, Walter, bishop of St Andrews, 176, 179.
Trebume, teinds of, 132-3-4.
Trechan (St) Church, 165-167.
Trochraigue, near Girvan, 63.
Tumerland, lands of, 194-6.
Tyronensian monks, 117.

Uladh. See Dal Fiatachs.

Unda, The LighikovM, by, a very rare work, 1 {note).

University of Edinburgh, 120.

Urquhart, Rev. Andrew, Free Church, Port-

patrick, stone implements, 14, 17.
Urn found in Courthill of Daliy, 53, 60.
Urn in Lanfine collection, 60, 65.
Urns, ancient Ayrshire, notices of, 31-54.
Urns, sepulchral, description and classification of,

36, 37.

Vatican MSS., 141, 143, 145, 150, 167,170.

Yazour, John, 229.

Verica, 72.

Vetera Monvmenta Hibemorum el Scatorwm, 141.

Vinnen. See Wynnyn.

Yinnin, a form of St Wynnyn*s name, 121.

Wales, churches founded by St Finnan in, 126.
Walker, John, 229.

INDEX.

248

Wallace, Charles, Esq. of Daily, stone imple-
ment, 10.

Wallace, Sii John, of Oragyne, 116.

Wallace, Rev. R, 80.

Wallace of Richardton, 170.

Walter, Bishop of Glasgow, 117.

Walter Hostiarius, teinds of the land of, 132-3-4.

Walter IL, Steward of Scotland, 117, 147.

Walter of Roule, precentor, 152, 155, 162.

Walter of Tuwynam, rector of Church of Glas-
gow, 154, 156, 161, 166, 168.

Walter, Seneschal, 117, 153. '

Walton, 70.

Wars of Independence, 95.

Wars of Succession, 104.

Wax, grant of, 131-2.

Way, late Albert, 64, 67.

Wayt, Adam, 140.

Weller, Edward, 78.

Welpelaw, land of, 132-3.

Westminster Abbey, 98.

Weston, Colonel, F.S.A., 76.

Whetstones from Wigtownshire, 8, 9, 18.

White, John, 182, 186.

Whithorn, 172-3.

Whithorn, parish of, Wigtownshire, stone celts,
11, 12.

Wigtown, parish of, stone implements, 15, 16.

Wigtownshire, heraldry of, 85-88.

William, Abbot of Kilwinning, 117* See also
Boyd, William.

William, Bishop of Aberdeen, 178.

William, Dean of Cuninghame, 131.

William of Corri, rector of Kenen, 164, 165.

Wilson, Alan, 196.

Wilson, Dr. D., Prehiet, Ann. of Scot quoted, 33,

82.
Wilson, Professor Daniel, 68, 71, 77, 82.
Wilson, Rev. George, Free Church, Glenluce,

Notes on the Ancient Stone Imjplements of

Wigtownshire, 1.
Wilson, Walter, 186.
Wischard, Adam, 230.
Wischard, John, 227, 229.
Wischard, Thomas, dean of Church of Glasgow,

160, 162.
Wischart, Roger, 227, 229.
Wischeart, Robert, bishop of Glasgow, 144-5.
Witham, 71.
Withlaw, 132-3-4.
Wood, article of, discovered in Couithill of

Dairy, 60.
Wooden structure in Courthill of Dairy, 58.
Wood's (Dean William) meadow, 218.
Woodside, lands of, 193-6.
Woolwich, 70, 71.
Wright, James, 180.
Wright, Robert, 180, 183.
Wright, William, 186, 196, 208-9.
Wrycht, Andrew, 228.
Wylebard, John, 152, 155.
WyUe, William, ratification to, 219.
Wynnyn (Vinnen), St, dedications to, 115;

notices of, 120-128.
Wynzet, David, 208-9.

Ybtholh, shield found at, 69.
York, 119.

Ein> OF VOLUME FIRST.

PrinUdby R. & R. Cla&K, Edinburgh.

"««

Ann A o iftlfb

*■> .