Armaments and their results

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Digitized by the Internet Archive

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http://www.archive.org/details/armamentstheirreOOcarniala

• I

ARMAMENTS AND THEIR
RESULTS.

BY

ANDREW CARNEGIE

THE PEACE SOCIETY,
47, NEW BROAD STREET, LONDON, E.C.

1909.

ARMAMENTS AND THEIR
RESULTS.

BY

ANDREW CARNEGIE.

THE PEACE SOCIETY,
47, NEW BROAD STREET, LONDON, E.G.

1909.

StacM

ARMAMENTS AND THEIR RESULTS.

BY

ANDREW CARNEGIE.

0 JU 0

RMIES and navies exist and increase
solely under the plea that these are
the best, and indeed the only, means
of ensuring Peace.

We deal with three of the axioms urged in
their justification.

First : " To be prepared for war is the surest
way to secure Peace."

Answer: If only one nation "prepared," this
axiom would be sound ; but when one arms others
follow, and the fancied security vanishes. Rivalry
between nations ensues, and preparation, so far
from promoting Peace, sows suspicion and
jealousy, developing into hatred, the prolific seed
of future wars between nations hitherto peace-
fully disposed.

2117598

ARMAMENTS AND THEIR RESULTS.

Nations are only aggregations of men, and all
human experience proves that men unarmed are
less likely to quarrel than men armed. Hence in
civilized lands they are debarred from arming.

Two neighbours have a difference which a
friendly interview would have solved ; but one acts
upon the axiom, "In time of Peace, prepare for
War," and buys a pistol. Hearing this, the other
promptly " prepares." The first decides he is
insufficiently "prepared" and buys a six-chambered
revolver, an action that is immediately followed
by his neighbour. With every additional weapon
purchased the premium upon their lives would
be promptly raised by insurance companies.
These " prepared " men have only to meet by
chance, when a word, a gesture, misinterpreted,
results in bloodshed, perhaps death. Exactly so
with nations. The causes of wars, both between
nations and men, are generally of trifling moment.
So much depends upon their attitude to each other,
friendly or unfriendly. If the former, no dispute
but can be peacefully settled ; if unfriendly, no
trifle but can create war ; the disposition is all.
Hence the folly and danger of nations arming
against each other, which must always arouse
mutual suspicion, fatal to friendly relations.

4

ARMAMENTS AND THEIR RESULTS.

Armaments and true friendship are incom-
patible. Even nations in close alliance against
other nations must always feel the alliance may
give place to other and perhaps hostile alliances.
Thus suspicion inevitably follows armaments as
shadows follow substance. There is no escape,
and suspicion is fatal.

Second : " Our armaments are intended only
for our own protection and are no menace to other
nations ; they make for Peace."

Answer: So say all the armed nations, and it
is true that every nation regards and proclaims
its o^vn armaments as instruments of Peace only,
because these are meant to protect her from the
existing armaments of other nations ; but just as
naturally every nation regards every other nation's
armaments as clearly instruments of war, and not
of Peace, because these may attack her. Thus
each nation suspects all the others, and only a
spark is needed to set fire to the mass of
inflammable material. It is impossible that
formidable armaments of one nation should not
create alarm among other nations ; although all
nations may protest they do not intend to attack,
yet they may.

Thus armaments, either personal or national, on

5

ARMAMENTS AND THEIR RESULTS.

land or on sea, so far from preserving Peace
inevitably become in time one of the chief, if not
the greatest of all, causes of war, since they sow
the deadly seeds of mutual suspicion.

The gigantic armaments of our own day have
greatly added to this danger, which future
additions now under way must inevitably increase.
Clearly, increasing armaments is no remedy, since
they multiply the dangers of war.

Third : " Armaments are the cheap defence of
nations."

Answer: Let us see. Last year Britain spent
upon army and navy in round numbers Seventy
Millions of Pounds ($345,000,000) ; Germany,
;^48,ooo,ooo ($233,000,000) ; America,
;£"97,ooo,ooo ($470,000,000), ;^32,ooo,ooo
($160,000,000) of this upon war pensions. This
expenditure was before the day of Dreadnoughts,
now costing about $12,000,000 each, say
;^2,25o,ooo. The naval expenditure of nations
and hence the dangers of war are to be much
greater in the future, and the end thereof, under
present ominous conditions, no one can foretell.
One point, however, is clear. Neither men nor
money will be wanting with any first-class Power
involved, since for no cause, unfortunately, can the

6

ARMAMENTS AND THEIR RESULTS.

populace of every land be so easily and heavily
burdened as for that of foreign war, in which all
men are so prone to believe their country in the
right.

The Remedy : Recently, delegates of the eight
naval Powers, Germany, France, Italy, Russia,
Austria- Hungary, Japan, Britain, America, sitting
in London, unanimously agreed to establish an
International Supreme Court, to deliver final
judgment upon all cases of marine captures, each
nation appointing one judge. To such of the
smaller nations as apply for admission, seven
judges are to be accorded in turn, so that the
great maritime nations combined have always a
majority, which is common sense.

These same eight Powers have only to meet
again and decree that hereafter disputes between
civilized nations shall be settled in like manner
(or by Arbitration) and War becomes a thing of
the past.

Me.

CO

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