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i 


AN 


OCrOBlR,  1940 


ILLINOIS  INSTITUTE  OF  TECHNOLOGY 
PAUL  V.  GALVIN  LIBRARY 
35  WEST  33RD  STREET 
CHICAGO,  ^  60616  . 


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lie  cliamcs  arc  ihal  xoiir  |ir()iliiit 
lii'caiiK'  successful  because  it  offered  sutud  liini;  new.  .  . 
something  more  tlian  the  run-oi-llic-miil  prixhicts  in 
its  field. 

IVriiaps  vol]  have  introduced  a  ninnher  of  such  prod- 
ucts and  watciied  tliem  grow  in  |ioiiiilarit v  because  of 
the  special  adsantagcs  the\   offered. 

If  \  ou  ha\e.  \(iu  kno\\  tliat  few  such  producis  —  no 
mailer  Ikixn  good  lhc\  are  —  maintain  liicir  lead  unless 
lhc\  arc  constantly  iin|iroved.  (^ompclillon  has  a  way 
of  calching  up  and  forcing  iinpro\  cmcni. 

\X  ilco  aims  to  keep  ils  producis  conliruialU  ahead  of 
ihe  field  l(\  a  broad  program  of  resi'arch  |ilanned  for 
\ears  ahead  and  directed  l>y  a  staff  carehdiy  chosen  for 
ihcir   training   in   the   ficlil   of  chcmicaU.  oils,   pigments. 


asphalts  and  allied  materials  —  and  for  their  imderstand- 
ing  ol  practical  proidems  in  the  use  of  these  materials. 
W  itco  has  gi\en  this  staff  the  best  in  the  wa\  of  labora- 
tor\  facilities  —  a  modern.  spccialK  designed  laborator\ 
building  housing  the  finest  research,  testing  and  anal\z- 
ing  etpiipmcnt  that  can  be  obtained. 

I'criia|is  liiis  lalioralor\  can  help  \  ou  ini|>ro\('  \(iur 
jiroducis  liirougli  heller  basic  materials.  (  )ur  staff  will 
be  glad  to  work  hand-in-hand  willi  \  ours  in  liie  solu- 
tion of  problems  rcgardinti  the  iinpro\emcnt  or  use  ol 
^^^^^^^^^  .  our  regidar  jiroducls  or  liic 
®  ■■^^^^^^^^^*       le\elopmcnl    of    new 


(:...n,.l.'lc.  »rll  l.ll.lll I  iiif..r.„.,li..n  . 

|.r...lii.l^  i.  v„lii,-.l  \.^  ^^.•^^..l,c  »li..  u.. 
.lu'iiii.'..!.  Vilrn  „n,-T-  .u.'li  inr..rni,iti.i 
..,    ll,,~    .,llr..<'>i>.'lv     I ml     l..».l..     II,. 


WISHNICK-TUMPEER,  INC. 

Manufacturers  and  Importers 

New  York,  295  Modison  Avenue  •  Boston,  141  Milk  Si. eel 
Chictigo.Tr.taunelowet  •  Clevelond.  616  Si. Clair  Avenue,  N  E 
Dolloi.  lexos.  610  Dollos  Nalionol  Bonk  Building  •  W.lto 
Affllicilei:  Wilco  Oil  &  Goi  Comoony  •  The  Pioneer  Aspholl 
Componv  •  Ponhondle  Corbon  Compony  •  Horold  Wilion  & 
Will  o  lid     KeyiignHouse  4290.fo.  d  Sl,,london,  W  l.EnglonJ 

BUY     DIRECT     AND     PROFIT     DIRECTLY 


5,5 


6B(/amtus  A/ews 


Sl/ICfDE  LAMPS 

"T^  ID  you  ever  take  up  a  newspaper  and  read  that  someone 
-•-^ committed  suicide  by  jumping  off  a  bridge?  That's 
what  high-intensity  street  lamps  have  been  doing,  too — not 
jumping  off  bridges,  but  committing  "suicide." 

Certain  smooth-surface  street-light  reflectors  reflect  heat 
back  to  the  lamp  filament,  thus  raising  the  filament  tempera- 
ture to  the  point  ot  early  "suicide"  or  burnout. 

In  an  attempt  to  do  something  about  this,  G-E  engineers 
developed  the  stepped  reflector.  The  inner  surface  of  the 
reflector  is  broken  up  into  small  steps  in  such  a  way  that  light 
and  heat  rays  reflected  back  from  the  steps  just  miss  the  vital 
lamp  stem.  Tests  showed  that,  with  a  500-watt  lamp,  the 
temperature  at  the  lamp  stem  was  275  F  less  with  the  new- 
reflector  than  with  the  old  one. 

The  engineers  who  developed  the  stepped  reflector  .ire 
graduates  ot  the  General  Electric  Test  Course,  open  to  selected 
graduates  ot  recognized  engineering  schools. 


CHASfNG  SHADOWS 

TTOW  would  you  like  to  see  carbon  dioxide  pour  out  ot' 
-•-  1.  a  beaker  and  snuff  out  the  flame  of'  a  candle,  or  cold 
water  from  floating  ice  flow  to  the  bottom  of'  a  glass .^  By 
accident  two  General  Electric  scientists  recently  discovered 
a  comparatively  simple  way  to  force  these  and  other  ordinarilv 
invisible  things  to  show  themselves. 

It  all  began  one  day  when  a  searchlight  shining  through  the 
windows  of  the  G-E  Research  I.aboratorx  at  Schenectadv, 
N.  'i  .  started  the  scientists  on  an  investigation,  resulting  in 


equipment  which     gives   the  inside  story  of  supposediv   in- 
visible happenings. 

By  holding  transparent  substances  in  a  beam  of  light  from  a 
water-cooled  mercury  lamp,  variations  caused  by  changes  in 
the  index  ot  refraction  show  up  plainly  on  a  screen.  It's 
something  like  seeing  heat  waves  rise  from  a  hot  pavement 
in  the  summer.  Gases,  liquids,  or  transparent  solids  cast 
strange  shadows,  revealing  characteristics  unseen  to  the 
naked  eye.  Although  this  has  been  done  before  with  arc 
lights,  the  new  method  has  many  advantages. 
The  two  G-E  scientists  identified  with  this  accomplishment 
are  Dr.  R.  P.  Johnson,  U.  of  Richmond,  '29,  and  Dr.  N.  T. 
Gordon,  Princeton,  '13. 


PfSCATOR/AL  UTOPIA 

1XSECI  laboratories  have  been  air  conditioned,  rivets 
tor  dirigibles  have  been  refrigerateii  so  they  can  be  driven 
better,  and  there  is  e\-en  a  case  where  telephone  books  have 
been  cooled  mechanically  to  speed  the  hardening  of  the  glue. 
But  it  was  only  recently  that  the  first  automatic  heating 
installation  designed  specifically  for  the  comfort  and  health 
ot  tropical  fish  was  put  into  operation. 

Devilfish,  sharks,  rays,  the  only  porpoises  in  captivitv,  and 
thousands  of  other  unusual  specimens  caper  gaily  around  in 
their  adopted  home  in  the  Marine  Studios  at  Marineland,  Fla. 
There,  in  huge  tanks,  the  pampered  fish  live  the  "life  of 
Reilly"  (the  porpoises  are  fed  by  hand)  in  water  that  is  not 
only  filtered  and  aerated  Init  is  .ilso  held  at  a  temperature  of 
70  F. 

Five  (Jeneral  Electric  oil  furnaces  do  the  heating  job,  holdint; 
the  500,000-gallon  "oceanarium"  at  a  temperature  just  like 
home  tor  the  transplanted  tropical  specimens. 
At  G.E.'s  Bloomfield  iX.  J.i  [ilant,  where  air  conditioning 
eipiipment  is  manufactured,  is  a  division  of  the  General 
Electric  Test  Course.  Here  young  student  engineers  gain 
practical  experience  in   this  branch  of  engineering. 


GENERAL  ^  ELECTRIC 


CONTRIBUTORS 


CLARENCE  L.  CLARKE  is  Dean  of  Lewis  Institute 
of  Arts  and  Sciences.  He  was  formerly  Dean  and 
Co-Director  of  Lewis  Institute. 

JOEL  I.  CONNOLLY  is  Assistant  to  the  President, 
Chicago  Board  of  hiealth.  He  is  a  graduate  of 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  and  holds 
the  degree  of  Master  of  Science  from  that  school 
and  from  Harvard.  His  professional  record  Includes 
service  as  Assistant  Engineer  with  the  Massachusetts 
State  Health  Department:  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector 
for  the  American  Red  Cross;  Assistant  Sanitary 
Engineer  of  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service 
at  various  army  cantonments  during  the  first  World 
War;  Chief  Sanitary  Engineer  of  the  Near  East 
Relief  In  Turkey,  Syria,  Palestine,  Armenia,  Egypt 
and  Greece;  Assistant  Sanitary  Engineer  of  the 
United  States  Public  Health  Service,  cooperating 
with  state  health  departments  In  four  states;  Acting 
State  Sanitary  Engineer  of  Missouri;  District  Engi- 
neer, United  States  Public  Health  Service,  for  a 
district  including  ten  states;  and  Chief  of  the  Bu- 
reau of  Public  Health  Engineering,  Chicago  Health 
Department.  He  has  held  his  present  post  since 
1937.  He  has  been  lecturer  at  Massachusetts  In- 
stitute of  Technology,  University  of  Minnesota, 
University  of  Southern  California,  and  Loyola  Uni- 
versity School  of  Medicine.  Major  Connolly  holds 
a  commission  In  the  Reserve  Corps  of  the  United 
States  Public  Health  Service,  and  has  been  awarded 
the  Distinguished  Service  Medal  of  the  Near  East 
Relief.  He  Is  a  member  of  many  national  and  local 
organizations  concerned  with  public  health,  and  of 
several  civic  organizations.  He  has  written  numer- 
ous technical  articles  for  engineering  journals,  and 
Is  co-author  of  Epidemic  Amebic  Dysentery,  pub- 
lished as  National  Institute  of  Health  Bulletin 
No.   166. 

HENRY  P.  DUTTON  is  Dean  of  the  Evening  Divi- 
sion; Professor  of  Business  Management;  and 
Chairman  of  the  Department  of  Social  Science. 

HARRY  McCORMACK  is  Professor  of  Chemical 
Engineering,  and  Director  of  the  Department  of 
Chemical    Engineering. 


ELDER    OLSON    is   Assistant    Professor    of   English. 

THOMAS  C.  POULTER  is  Research  Professor  of 
Physics,  and  Scientific  Director  of  the  Armour  Re- 
search  Foundation. 

ALVAH  SMALL  Is  President  of  Underwriters  Lab- 
oratories, Inc.,  and  President  of  the  National  Fire 
Protection  Association.  He  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Maine  with  the  degree  of  Bachelor 
of  Science  In  Civil  Engineering,  and  later  received 
from  the  same  school  the  professional  degree  of 
Civil  Engineer.  After  graduation  he  became  a 
member  of  a  selected  group  of  young  engineers 
who  were  employed  by  the  New  York  Fire  Insur- 
ance Exchange  for  special  training  in  fire  protection 
engineering  and  in  Insurance  rating.  In  1906  he 
became  an  electrical  engineer  at  Underwriters  Lab- 
oratories, and  has  remained  with  that  organization 
for  thirty-four  years.  In  1908,  he  was  made  special 
agent  and  placed  In  charge  of  the  Laboratories' 
inspectors;  in  1910,  he  was  made  superintendent  of 
Label  Service,  the  department  which  conducts  fol- 
bw-up  service  at  factories  and  supervises  the  use 
of  the  well-known  Laboratories  label.  In  1916,  Mr. 
Small  was  elected  vice-president;  in  1923,  he  wa; 
transferred  to  New  York  to  supervise  the  work  of 
the  Laboratories  there,  and  at  about  the  same 
time  he  was  elected  chairman  of  the  Important  elec- 
trical committee  of  the  National  Fire  Protection 
Association.  He  was  elected  president  of  Under- 
writers' Laboratories  in  1935,  and  president  of  the 
National  Fire  Protection  Association  In  1940.  Al- 
though he  has  had  widely  varied  experience  in  fire 
protection  engineering.  It  may  be  conslderd  that 
no  part  of  his  work  has  been  more  important  than 
the  progressive  development,  through  his  committee 
chairmanship  noted  above,  of  the  National  Elec- 
trical Code,  which  is  now  a  standard  of  the  Ameri- 
can Standards  Association.  There  are  few  engineer- 
ing standards  more  widely  used,  or  more  Important 
to  the  community.  The  importance  of  Mr.  Small's 
work  as  president  of  Underwriters'  Laboratories, 
Inc.,   is   Indicated   by  the    article   in    this   issue. 

CHARLES  AUSTIN  TIBBALS  is  Dean  of  Armour 
College  of  Engineering. 


ARMOUR 
E  NGINEER 


r^    \    A 


AND  ALUMNUS 


DECEMBER  VOLUME  6 

1940  NUMBER  I 


IN  THIS  ISSUE 

FIRE  PROTECTION  AND  PREVENTION:     A  PHASE  IN  PREPAREDNESS, 

By    Alvah    Small  4 

THE  PART  OF  PLUMBING  IN  PRESERVING  WATER  PURITY,  By  Joel  I.  Connolly  I  I 
PROCESS  CONTROL  THROUGH  INSTRUMENTATION,  By  Harry  McCormack  16 
MOTION  STUDY  AND  THE  ENGINEER,  Bv  Henry  P.  Dutton 19 

ARMOUR-LEWIS:     PROCESS   IN   CONSOLIDATION, 

By  C.  A.  Tibbals  and  C.   L.  Clarke 22 

TRUSTEES     24 

THE  BOOK  SHELF,    By   Elder  Olson   and  Thomas  C.   Poulter         28 

PLACEMENT  DEPARTMENT  NEWS,   By  John  J.  Schommer      29 

NEW   FACULTY    MEMBERS 30 

ALUMNI  NOTES,  By.  A.  H.  Jens,  '31    34 


J.  B.  FINNEGAN,  Editor-in-Chief  A.  H.  JENS,  Alumni  Editor 

MARIAN  F.  PAGE,  Business  Manager 

STUDENT  EDITORS  STUDENT  ASSISTANTS,    BUSINESS   STAFF 

E.  C.   Niezgodski        G.  W.  Staats  E.  J.  Colant       W.  J.  Dres        M.  L.  Fitch        B.  E.  Flood       J.  W.  Harnach 

R.  J.  Sullivan        J.  K.  Wood  R.   E.  Kubitz        G.    R.   Mahn        L.   E.   Orsi        Chas.   Rowbotham 


Published   in  October,   December.    March,   and    May.     Subscription   rate    $1.50    pe^   year.      Editorial    and    Business    Office,    Armour    College    of 
Engineering    of    Illinois    Institute   of  Technology.    3300    Federal    Street.    Chicago.    Illinois. 


FIRE  PROTECTION  AND  PREVENTION 

A  PHASE  IN  PREPAREDNESS 

By 

ALVAH  SMALL 


pnuliu'tiiui    ,a-i(iiii|ilisliiiR-nt. 

Hiiilit  now  AincricM  is  iM-iiig  utarLil 
tor  nKixiinuin  proiliictioii  of  the  re- 
iliiind  n'oods.  Avoidable  wa.statif  of 
raw  materials,  tiiiished  products  or 
fatilitiis  iiiidir  tlic  conditions  is 
iriniinal    from    whatever    viewpoint. 

Kaeh  year  preventalile  fire  causes 
luindreds  of  millions  of  dollars  of 
property  loss  and  acconipaiiyins;  loss 
of  thousands  of  lives:  a  drain  on  na- 
tional nsources  and  assets.  I'ire  pre- 
Miition  and  national  defense  an' 
then-fore  closely  tied  together.  At 
this  time  when  economy  and  vin'ilance 
lan  t'ontriliuti'  so  siii'niticantly  to  the 
common  etl'm't  for  increaseil  jiroduc- 
tion,  it  hecomes  the  [latriotic  duty 
of  (  ai'h  person,  e.ich  oriianization,  to 
|)Ut  an  end  to  preventable  waste  by 
fire. 

it  is  now  ap|)ropriate.  therefore, 
to  n\  iew  in  lirief  somi-  of  the  activi- 
ties c.irried  on  in  the  normal  course 
of  i\ents  by  the  sever.al  fire  Jireven- 
tion  aiicncies  in  the  L'nitcd  .St;iti-s. 
Daily  they  are  beinji  hcio-htcned. 
multiplied.  Niw  jiroblcms  as  well 
1  as  old  ones  are  constantiv  arisini;'. 
\\i  iniihrstaniliiiii,  of  sonu-  of  them 
will  ser\e  to  inspire  increased  in- 
t  dividn.il  caution  and  w.itclifulness 
aii^ainst    the    fire    d;ini;iT. 

.Ml  are  f.imiliar  at  le.ist  with  the 
nanus  of  the  country's  leadini;'  tire 
prevention  amiieies:  The  National 
IJoard  of  Fire  Underwriters,  the 
.N'ation.il  lire  I'rotection  Assoeia- 
sourees,  the  n.ition.il  wealth;  for  our  tioii,  'I'lie  Chamber  of  C'omnieree  of 
resources    an-    the    fouu<l.ition     of    all       Uu-    United   States,   and   the    National 


^     Nationa 

tbouiihts 

Nsuriui;'   in 

,.-ifetv      "c 


In  these  troubled  lii 
Detense  is  in  eieryom 
and  ways  and  mi  .ins  of 
dividu.al'  and  collecti\i' 
first    consideration. 

.\      p.art     of     n.-ction.al      pn  p.arednes' 
for     till'     present     emerii'ency       .'i     p.'irt 
I     d;in      say,      .'is     im|)ort;int      .is     tin 
nHistcrini;   of    men    under    the    dr.ift 
i.s    the    conserv  iition     of     n.ition.il     n 


I  in  Waste  Council.  .Major  camp.iiijns 
aijainst  destruction  by  fire  are  con- 
tinuously beiuiT  waited  by  these  or 
Sanizatioiis  and  others  and  by  tile 
fire  ]>revention  bureaus  of  our  niunie- 
iji.il  Hrc  departments.  Tiiese  ffroups 
work  in  many  ways  and  in  variou.s 
fields,  supplementiiii;'  ;ind  coniple- 
nientinjj;  each  other's  efforts. 

The  Insurance  Department  of  tiie 
Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the  L'nited 
States  and  tile  National  Fire  Waste 
Council  susfgest  and  foster  (iraetical 
tire  prevention  programs  for  local 
Ch.niilicrs  of  Commerce,  .ind  sponsor 
the  IntcrC'lianiber  Fire  Waste  Con- 
test. 'I'liis  is  ,'in  activity  in  which 
many  more  people  should  participate 
In  their   respective  home  coinniunities. 

The  National  Fire  Protection  .As- 
sociation, a  non-|)rofit  oriianiz.ition. 
serves  ;is  the  cleariiiir  liouse  for  .i 
vast  amount  of  information  and  .id- 
vice  on  fire  waste,  fire  protection,  and 
fire  prevention.  It  prepares  ens;i- 
neerinjr  stand.irds  widely  used  ;is  the 
li.isis  of  state  .ind  niunicipal  icgisi.-i- 
tioii  and  as  guides  to  proi)erty  own- 
ers who  demand  the  maxiiuuui  of  fire 
s.'ilety.  irrcsjiectivc  of  legal  or  insur- 
.'iiici  ri'i|uirements.  The  .\ssoci;ition 
pre|),ires  ;ind  distributes  educ.ition.il 
liter.iture  to  the  public.  Its  quarterly 
ni.'ig.izine,  recei\ed  liy  members,  con- 
t.iins  much  invalu.iblc  information. 
.Mcnibersliii)  is  oj)en  to  any  individu.il 
or  org.aniz.'ition  interested  in  the  pro 
tection  of  life  ,inii  property  .ig.ainst 
loss  by  fire.  I  recommend  it  to  you 
as  being  wiioliy  worth  while,  wiiethcr 


for   a    personal,   coinnitrcial,   civii',   or 
national  service. 

There  is  no  organization  morr 
keenly  alive  than  tlie  National  Board 
iof  Fire  Underwriters  to  the  threat 
[of  the  rising  tide  of  the  fire  waste 
ito  national  defense.  The  National 
Board,  an  insurance  organization,  is 
!the  national  association  of  the  capital 
istoek  rire  insurance  companies.  Dur- 
ing World  War  No.  I  all  of  its  serv- 
iices,  resources,  and  facilities  were 
jplaced  at  the  disposal  of  the  Federal 
Government  for  safeguarding  canton- 
ments. su])|)ly  depots,  lios()itals.  naval 
properties,  munition  factories,  ware- 
houses, terminals,  and  shi))  yards  as 
fwell  as  ])ul)lic  buildings  and  institu- 
litions. 

Again,  in  May.  1939,  the  National 
Board  offered  these  services  to  the 
government  for  use  in  any  emergency 
arising  from  the  war  in  Europe: 
World  War  No.  II. 
I  Already  the  National  Board  of  Fire 
(Underwriters  is  speeding  up  fire  pre- 
vention work.  New  literature  has  been 
))repared,  earlier  releases  have  been 
modernized  and  revamped;  all  have 
been  widely  distributed  to  promote  a 
national  concern  to  {)revent  fire  waste. 
To  help  avoid  disasters  which  might 
involve  heavy  losses  of  life  and  prop- 
erty, it  is  promoting  country-wide 
school  and  hospital  inspection. 

As    a    service   to    cities,    the    Board 


for  many  years  has  made  extensive 
rngiiuering  survt-ys  of  rtJunieipal  fire- 
fighting  facilities,  reporting  findings 
and  reeonmiendations  to  the  municipal 
jiuthorities.  In  these  rejiorts  ])artie- 
ular  attention  is  given  to  tlie  con- 
flagration or  sweeping-fire  hazard. 

Because  they  are  designed  to  spread 
with  maximum  speed,  incendiary  fires 
often  result  in  serious  loss  of  life 
and  projurty.  To  reduce  these  losses 
by  detecting  sueli  fires  and  by  capture 
.and  conviction  of  arsonists,  the  Na- 
tional Board  maintains  a  lariie  stalf 
of  skilled  arson  investigators  collab- 
orating wit!i  federal  and  local  author- 
ities in  all  parts  of  the  country.  It 
should  not  tax  your  imaginations  to 
realize  the  imjjortance  of  such  work 
in  these  times. 

One  other  organization  not  yet 
mentioned — an  organization  spon- 
sored by  the  National  Board  of  Fire 
Underwriters — is  that  with  which  I 
am  most  closely  connected  and  in 
whose  at'complishments  I  take  the 
great(.'st  pride.  It  had  its  genesis 
about  the  time  of  the  first  Chicago 
World's  Fair  in  1893  when  electricity, 
just  emerging  from  the  ex))erimental 
stage,  was  being  promoted  for  prac- 
tical use  in  stores  and  offices ;  when 
the  then  new  Bessemer  process  was 
making  "sky-scrapers"  possible;  and 
when  acetylene-gas  lighting  systems 
were  coming  into  prominence. 


\i  that  time  it  lu^'ame  evident  to 
insurani'e  companies  and  others  tliat 
additional  knowledge  about  these  new 
technical  processes  was  necessary. 
.\ccordingly,  groups  established  by 
the  stock  fire  insurance  companies  in 
many  cities  began  to  study  causes  of 
fire  and  means  for  its  control  and 
extinguishment,  and  to  adopt  safety 
rules  and  regulations. 

Witii  continued  dev'elopment  the 
need  arose  for  extending  the  inves- 
tigations to  comprise  study  of  the 
basic  facts  of  tire  behavior  and  of  the 
])erformance  of  devices  and  materials 
as  causes  of  fire,  as  safeguards  against 
its  spread,  or  as  means  for  its  control 
and  extinguishment. 

I'lir  these  investigations  specialists 
and  facilities  for  experiment  were 
necessary;  this  fact  resulted  in  the 
establishment  of  Underwriters'  Lab- 
oratories. Inc.,  ami  its  incorporation 
in  1!»01  as  the  testing  station  of  the 
eai)ital  stock  fire  and  casualty  insur- 
ance companies  comprising  the  Na- 
tional  Board  of  Fire   L  nderwriters. 

Under  the  s})onsorship  of  the 
National  Board,  Underwriters'  Labor- 
atories was  established  as  an  organ- 
ization for  service,  not  for  profit. 
Its  job  from  the  beginning  has  been 
to  test  devices,  materials,  and  systems 
to  determine  their  relation  to  an  in- 
surable   hazard.      Its    platform    is    to 


■  I  III   lMi4l' 


llurirruirilrrsi' 
ilaliiiraturirs.  ^i\t. 


Flame  Spread  Tesf  on  Roof  Covering  Material.    Flame  Is 
Four  Feet  Wide  and  Is  Blown  Against  Surface  by  Twelve- 
Mile  Wind 


1.,-st    l.Ilt.-i 


.t  l.\ 


'M.itc  the  tact-,"  aiKl  tl 
able  (i|)iiii<)iis  liriiuirht  < 
•jations   anil    tist>. 

Tin-  I'oncii-n  ot  an  in^iirariii-  ix- 
ccutivf  who  may  lif  a  iniiiiliir  (it  tin- 
Latioratorii-s'  hoard  nt  trn^tl■l■s.  as  to 
tlu-  hiariiiir  of  a  I.ahoratoriis'  tiiidhiir 
upon  the  .iinount  of  a  h)ss  loincidis 
exactly  with  the  conci-rn  of  an  honest 


prop 


i-rty  holder  in  the  matter.  'I'liere- 
forc.  knowinif  ot  the  insuraiu'c  spon- 
sorsliip  of  L  ndcrwriters'  I.ahoratoriis. 
Inc..  tile  owner  and  user  of  premises, 
police  .-ind  tire  department  officers, 
luiildiniT  otfici.ils.  the  .architect  .and 
profession.il  enicineer,  .and  the  insur- 
ance m.in  .alike  intuitively  .iccipt  the 
findings  ,is   foun<led   u])on   .a   viiwpoint 


i(h  iitie.il     with     their    own — the     view 
point   of  .i\()idin<;  loss. 

!■  rom  a  small  hcirinninfc  in  staff, 
1  iiuipnient  .and  scope,  Underwriters' 
[..ahoratorics  has  expanded  in  facili- 
ties and  activities  so  tiiat  its  work 
now  touches  upon  a  wide  lange  of 
prohhins  concerninfi  the  preservation 
of  life  and  property  hy  the  reduction 
of  tire.  aeei<h  nt.  and  theft   hazards. 

i'liis  r.iniie  of  .activities  is  indicated 
hy  the  titles  of  the  followini;  I.ahora- 
tories'  puhlieations  which  cont.iin  ap- 
proximately JOO.tJOO  approved  eatalof! 
iinmhers   in  some   I  ..'iOO  classifications: 

List  of  Inspected  Kleetrical  Kipiij) 
mi  nt 

List  of  Inspected  I'ire  I'rot.-etimi 
K()uipment    and    .Materials 

list  of  Inspected  (ias.  Oil.  and 
.Miscellaneous    .\p|)lianccs 

List  of  Inspected  Accident  Hazard. 
.\utoniotive  and  Burjrlary  Pro 
te<tion    Kquipnient 

Tile  listiiiirs  in  these  booklets  an- 
iltirm.ati\e.  .Ml  of  the  devices  and 
materials  shown  therein  liave  passed 
I  hi  safety  tests  ami  investigations. 
The  L.ihoratories  does  not  puhlish 
111  ti'.ativc  findings  or  reports  of  criti 
I  ism  of  [iroduets,  except  to  the  uianu- 
faiturer  concerned.  The  booklets  are 
lireulated  widely  so  that  tlie  insur- 
.anee  organizations  and  other  inter- 
ested persons  and  organizations  may 
benefit  from  the  information  they  eon- 
tain. 

.Approximately  half  of  all  of  the 
origin.al  investigations  result  in  re- 
|Mirts  of  detective  items  of  assembly 
or  perform.ance.  Of  those  products 
nfnsed  .ijiliroval  the  first  time  ttuy 
are  submitted  by  their  manufacturers, 
.about   half  are  improved. 

L'nderwriters'  Laboratories  works 
for  service,  not  for  profit.  t'h.irges 
are  based  on  the  fee-aecordin.i;-to-eost 
svstem.  Manufacturers  voluntarily 
submit  their  products  and  p.ay  the 
costs  of  the  tests  .and  investigations. 
Neither  insurance  companies  nor 
other  manuf.aeturers  can  be  expected 
to  pav  the  costs  of  examinations  .and 
tests  of  products  which,  poorly  de- 
signed, .are  not  put  into  production 
and  which,  therefore,  are  not  used  in 
insured  or  other  premises. 

The  teelmieal  staff  of  L'nderwriters' 
Laboratories    is    divided    into    depart- 
ments as  follows: 
Protection 

Casualty  and   .\utomotive 
Gases  and  Oils 
Burglary  Protection 
Kleetrical 
Hydraulh' 
Chemical 

In  .aildition  to  these  eiigineerin'.; 
departments  which  examine  and  test 
new  equipment  submitted  for  aj)- 
proval  by  manufacturers,  the  I.abora- 


tories  maintains  an  inspection  depart- 
ment witli  offices  in  200  cities  in  the 
United  States  and  Canada.  Any  or- 
ganization prcsumino;  to  publish  out- 
standing  advices  concerning  the  prod- 
ucts of  anotlier  must  know  at  all 
times  that  the  current  output  of  tiiose 
products  remains  such  as  to  warrant 
j)ul)lic  endorsement.  Last  year  the 
I,ai)oratories'  inspectors  made  over 
(iO.OOO  inspections  at  factories  to  help 
keep  up  tlie  standard  of  safety.  Prod- 
ucts that  pass  insijcction  at  factories 
are  usually  identifiable  by  means  of 
the  "Underwriters'  Laboratories  In- 
spected"  labels   attached  to   them. 

The  results  of  this  work  have  been 
such  tliat  many  purchasers  and  users 
and  many  .luthorities  specify  the  L'n- 
derwritiTs'  Laboratories'  label  on  all 
deliveries    of     products     which     come 


within    the    sc()|)e    of    this    testing    ac- 
tivity. 

One  of  the  most  outstanding  fire 
))rotection  problems  undertaken  by 
Underwriters'  Laboratories  was  the 
investigation  of  the  behavior  of  build- 
ing columns  when  exposed  to  fire. 
This  research,  extending  over  a  four- 
vear  period,  was  conducted  at  the 
main  office  and  principal  testing  sta- 
tion in  Chicago.  In  this  investigation 
the  Laboratories  collaborated  with  the 
National  Bureau  of  Standards,  the 
.Vssociated  Factory  Mutual  Fire  In- 
surance Com])anies  and  the  National 
Board  of  Fire  L^nderwriters.  Pub- 
lished reports  of  the  findings  are  reg- 
ularly consulted  by  building  engineers 
and  officials,  architects  and  the  pro- 
ducers of  building  materials.  The  fire 
ex[)osure    or    temperature    curve    em- 


ployed in  that  research  is  the  basis 
for  other  fire  tests  of  building  mate- 
rials tested  at  Underwriters'  Labora- 
tories. Tills  curve  makes  it  possible 
for  actual  burning  building  conditions 
to  be  ))roduced  in  the  laboratory  so 
that  the  ])erformanee  of  building  ma- 
terials as  fire  barriers  may  be  deter- 
mined. 

In  its  furnaces  of  various  sizes  and 
designs  the  Laboratories  has  tested 
for  many  manufacturers  masonry 
units  and  other  assemblies  for  floor, 
wall,  roof  and  ])artition  construction. 
Materials  available  for  the  confine- 
ment of  fire  to  the  space  of  its  origin 
are  classified  as  to  the  time  interval 
before  standard  ex})0sure  in  the  fur- 
naces ))roduees  breakdown.  Thus  an 
architect  or  engineer  for  a  property 
owner,  a  buildiiiij:  official,  or  an   insur- 


Tests   of    Explosion-Proof    Electric   Motors    Designed    for   Use    in   the    Presence   of 
Combustion   Vapors 


Right:     Test     of     Vaporlzing- 
Liquld  Type  of  Hand  Chem- 
ical Ex+inguisher  on  Gasoline 
Fire 


Below:    Fire    Tesf    of    Wired 

Glass    Window     with     Metal 

Frame 


incc  organization,  may  selt-ct,  install. 
or    identify   as    to   fire    retarding   pi- 
lorniance.    a    sclR-ilule    of    asscniluii -^ 
|iro\  iilinir    jirotii'tion     from    tivt     niin- 
iitts  up  to  ciiTJit  hours. 

Fire  doors  and  windows  of  niaii\ 
types  have  been  tested  and  numerous 
ni.ikes  and  jjatterns  are  now  approvid 
.111(1  lahfled.  .Safes,  doors  for  vault^ 
iiid  rteorii  eal)inets  have  lieen  elassi 
tird  .leeordinir  to  the  proteetioii  the; 
will    .itford    from    fire's    attaek. 

.Vpprovi-d  .uitoinatie  sprinklers  liax 
I  stalilislird  .in  ettieienev  reeord  of  het- 
ti  r  than  niiuty-six  per  eent  over 
forty  tlirei-  year  period.  This  reeord 
w.is  possilile  heeause  of  the  testiiisi 
proirrani  to  wliicii  these  devices  are 
siilijeet  as  a  requisite  for  appro\.d 
l.y  the  Underwriters,  and  of  the  Jier- 
sistent  elieekiiiir  and  sranirinj;  by  the 
Laboratories'  inspectors  of  the  il.i 
run   production  at  eacii   factory. 

I'ire  hose  is  examinee!  for  rubl 
compound  used  as  tile  lininii  with 
which  tlie  water  conies  in  contact,  for 
the  woven  cotton  jacki't  and  for  test 
perform.ince  of  complete  asseml)li<s. 
.Service  requireinents  as  to  twist,  ehiii 
u.itiiiii.  w.irpin<r,  friction  U>ss,  and  thi 
ihilitv  to  withstand  hiirher  tlian  nor 
iii.il  interii.il  pressures  without  burst 
in.r,    an-    also    .-hecked. 


Undf rwritf  rs'  Lahoratorii's  iii.spects 
at  factories  each  tifty-foot  lenuth  of 
an  average  annual  delivery  of  more 
than  100  miles  of  iiose  for  municipal 
tire  department  use. 

Each  year's  models  of  pasengcr  au- 
tomobiles of  practically  all  domestic 
makes  are  submitted  to  Underwriters' 
Lai)oratories  for  investioation  of  the 
fuel,  ignition  and  exhaust  systems. 
This  work  is  done  largely  at  the  fac- 
tories when  the  new  models  are  being 
designed.  Fire  causes  are  therefore 
mainly  avoided  before  the  productimi 
line  is  reached.  As  a  result  of  this 
work  the  integral  fire  hazard  is  prac- 
tically ignored  in  passenger  car  un- 
derwriting. The  car  owner,  whether 
insured  or  not.  is  a  beneficiarv  of  this 
special  service. 

The  casualty  department  of  the 
Laboratories  tests  practically  all 
makes  of  domestic  automatic  refrig- 
eration equipment  and  also  investi- 
gates air  conditioning  equipment, 
w.iter  coolers,  and  coin-oper;ited  soft- 
drink  dispensing  machines. 

The  gases  and  oils  department  has 
examined  and  tested,  and  labels,  oil 
burners  for  ap])roximately  200  manu- 
facturers. The  entire  range  of  hand 
fire  extinguishers  also  comes  within 
their  scope  of  testing  and  although 
some  types,  pressure  operated,  could 
endanger  life  and  limb  if  not  properlv 
safeguarded,  the  general  jjublic  with 
a  tonfidence  fully  justified  by  their 
experience,  grabs  the  fire  extinguisher 
when  needed  and  uses  it  without  fear 
of  personal  injurv. 

Roadside  filling  st.-itions  for  dis- 
pensing gasoline  are  safeguarded  by 
a  variety  of  tests.  Underwriters 
Laboratories'  labeled  pumjis  and  stor- 
age tanks  and  explosion-proof  equiji- 
ment  are  so  universally  used  that  fear 
of  fire  or  explosion  is  entirely  absent 
from  the  minds  of  most  motorists. 

The  electrical  de))artment,  with 
testing  stations  in  New  York  City  and 
San  P'rancisco  as  well  as  at  the  main 
testing  station  in  Chicago,  conducts 
investigations  of  products  used  in  the 
j  permanent  wiring  systems  of  build- 
ings from  the  point  at  which  the  elec- 
tricity enters  to  the  wall  outlets  and 
switches.  Also  much  of  the  current 
I  consuming  electrical  equipment  used 
I  in  the  2.5,000,000  ehrtrificd  homes  of 
I  this  country,  as  well  as  nurcmtile 
and  light  industri.il  ((luipnuiit  is  ex- 
amined. 

Fire  alarm  nieeli.inisins  and  sys- 
I  terns,  and  related  signalling  devices 
are  reviewed  and  tested. 

The  chemical  department  is 
equipped  with  special  apparatus  for 
testing  rubber  insulation  of  insul.-ited 
wires  and  cords  and  for  tests  of  the 
linings  of  fire  hose.  Other  problems 
considered    have    to    do.    for    exiunjile. 


Abov 


Fire    and    Load    Test    o-f    Wall    Made    of    Hollow 
Concrete  Blocks 


Steel  Safe  About  to  Be  Rolled  into  Test  Furnace 
Preheated   to   2000   Degrees 


Test  of  an  Electric  Motor 
Designed  for  Use  In  Grain 
Elevators  or  Other  Buildings 
Where  the  Atmosphere  May 
Be  Laden  with  Dust 


I  rs    I'or    lijiz.-irdoiis    in.itcrials.    the    il 
riim|)()sitii)ii     prodiu'ts     of     wliiili 
I  itiur    Hanmialilf,    cxplosiv  r.    toxic 


witli  till'  s.itiiraiits  and  wiiulits  ol  cnroiiiitrrcd  sucl]  as  i;raiii  elevators.  Ariiiour  Institute  of  Teeluioloiiv  es- 
rootlni;-  filts  and  tile  wc  iu'lits  of  zine  stareli  faetories  and  tli.'  liU.-.  talilisli  a  cauirs,  in  lire  protia'tioii  en- 
eoatinijs  on  electrical  condnit.  'I'iie  'l'liriMii;li  the  work  of  the  luirjilary  uineerinii-;  and  for  many  years  the 
work  of  this  department  in  liiuli  (  \  |,rotection  dipartnu  nt  tin-  l.aliorato  "Fire  Protects"  have-  received  sonic 
plosives  is  oiitstandiniT.  At  an  isolated  ,.j,.^  serves  the  insurance  industry  and  of  their  lahorat<n-y  trainini^  at  Under- 
test  station  ontsid,-  of  Cliicasio,  tests  ,||^.  i,.,,-,]^;,,^.  .,,,,1  „„Tcantiic  cstal.lish  writer's  I.ahoratori<-s  under  the  dircc- 
ar,-  con,i,.et.-d   with   nitroojycerine  and  ^^^^.,,j^    .,,    .;    ^■^.^^^    ^j,,),,,   ,i,.t,K.|u-d    fn.m  ti.m   of  an   en-incer  on   hoth   tlic    F.ah- 

"'.'"T,'!'^''..!''^''"'''?  ^!"i''"    '^"'^7'  'I'^'t    "'■    '''•'■    l"-eventi,m    an,l     lire    pro  oratories'    an,l    the    Armour    statV.     The 

tiction.  r.asicalh.      liowcMr.      these  jiradliates     of       Professor      I'innenan's 

aeti\iliis    lia\e   the    same   eonnnon    pur  course     are     c<mt  rihutiiiii     to     our     na- 

,  ,,   ^,  .!•      1      I  i  P"s,        that     of    determininii     tin      nla  tional    safety, 

pi-rnaiis  all   three.   Work  done   lien    mi  '  .    ,  ,  ...i  '  i-     ^i  .•    ■.■ 

'    ,,    .'  ,      ,  ,  I     ,  tion  ol   (e\iees.  materials   .and    systems  I  liese     .are     some     ol     the     ac-tlvitli-s 

lellulosc      pro<iuets      sucli      .as      plioto  .  i.   i  .  r    ,i  i- 

|.      ,.]  -11    ■.  ■     I  II  I  to      loss      iir(\(ntiim      .am        n  portinii  .and    .aeia)mpuslinicnts    ot     the    iirotes- 

lirapliie  fdm  wdl.  it  is  hoped,  do  inuel'  lo      i.  |  ■    -    mi  ,  -  ,  r 

te   avoid   another   disaster   sucli    as    the  tin  nam    to   (auisiimers.   r.  uul.atory    nth  sional     hr<-     prcvintion    or<ranizati.ins. 

(  le'veland    C'lini.^    .\ 'uav    lilm    lire    of  <i-il-    -'Md    the    insur.ance    sponsors    of  Hul    in    spif    of   all    that    is    beinsf   ac- 

ip-.'!t     in     which     some      I -M      |.ersons.  the    I  .alioratories.  c.mplislHal     th.se    oriranizations    can- 

ni.anv   of   tin  in   out    cd'  the    re.ieli   ,d'    tie  In    thes,^    w.ays    .and    in    m.anv    oth.rs  not    reach    everyone    with    the    message 

llri  .'(li(.l   <d'   the    ■'urccn    d.  ,atli.  '  I   nderwrit.  rs'      I  ..ahor.alories      h  .■  1  p  s  ofs.ifity.       If   the    iLalicm's    lire   waste 

■I'll,.    ,.  h  ,.  Ill  i  (   a""!    d.p.arlm.nt     h.as  s.af.-u.ard     life     .and     pro|ierly     .ui     a  is  to  he  rcduc.al  people  must   he  made 

pionei  reil    the    el.i ssilicat i<m    id'   ixplo  hundred    dilV<rent    fronts.  emiscious  o(  the  dan.irers  ot  lire.     You 

sion-rcsistin!.;-    motors    .and    otiur    elec  In    another    wav    too,    l' niic  rwrili  rs'  .ind    others    like    you,     can    hriiii;    the 

trical   e(|uipment    f,n-   use    in    hazaiaious  I  .ahorat.n-i,s     has'    heen     privih-aal     to  .artill.ry    of    I'.acts    .almut    safety     rijiht 

locations     such     .as     oil     refineries,     drv  .assist     in     rediKiim'    u.aste    of    life    .and  down    to    the    front    line    of    the    battle. 

.•le.aiiini;    plants,   p.iint    f.aetori.s  .and   i'n  prop,rtv.       It    was    our    founder  |iresi  In     llu      int.  r.st     (d'     n.itii>n.al     d.f.nsc 

l.M'.ati.ms     wlur,      ll.amm.al.h'    dusts    .an  d.nt.     1      I..I1,  \.,     wlm     propos,  ,1     Ih.at  ,  rilist    t.-day    in   tli.'   liatth-   .aii'.ainst    lin'. 


10 


THE  PART  OF  PLUMBING,  IN 
PRESERVING  WATER  PURITY 


By 

JOEL  I.  CONNOLLY 


Drinkiiiff  water  must  be  safe  wlien 
(iclivtTfd  at  tlie  faucet  or  fountain 
jet.  Tliis  is  axiomatic.  It  makes  no 
difference  how  carefully  purified  it 
may  be  at  the  source  if  contamination 
enters  the  water  in  the  distrilnitinu 
system  in  the  streets  or  in  the  ])hnnh- 
ing  systems  of  buildins;s.  Much  loss 
of  life  has  occurred  in  epidemics  of 
typhoid  fever  and  other  water-borne 
diseases.  Some  of  the  outbreaks  liaxe 
been  due  to  pollution  of  water  in  the 
plumbinsj  systems  of  buildings.  The 
Health  Department  and  Water  De- 
partment of  any  city  should  properly 
be  concerned  about  prevention  of 
such  occurrences,  and  in  Chicago, 
both  are  officially  responsible.  Water 
Jjipinii  is  under  supervision  by  the 
\\'ater  Pipe  Extension  Division  of 
the  De{)artment  of  Public  Works,  and 
the  rest  of  the  ])lumbin2:  is  inspected 
by  the  Division  of  Educational  and 
Environmental  Sanitation  of  tiu 
Healtli   Department. 

Students  in  a  school  of  ensjiueer- 
ing  are  interested  in  such  matters  be- 
iise,  after  tluy  liave  completed 
their  studies,  tlie  jiublic  will  intrust 
its  lives  and  health  to  tlieir  engineer- 
inir  skill  in  many  w/iys,  and  they 
must  not  fail  in  this  trust.  L'nfortu- 
itriy,  lack  of  information,  where 
health  is  eoMcerned.  on  the  part  of 
the  eniiineer.   has   in   tin-   past   actually 


led  to  epidemics.  For  example,  a  con- 
nection, made  innocently  enoutjh  by  a 
"handy  man"  working  for  a  building 
engineer,  between  a  drinking-water 
pipe  .ind  another  pipe  has.  in  this 
citv  and  elsewhere,  more  tlian  once 
has  caused  illness  and  even  death.  To 
mention  a  different  sort  of  case, 
jjcople  living  in  regions  previously 
free  from  malaria  fever  have  become 
infected  after  roads  or  railroads  were 
liuilt  in  their  \icinity.  on  account  of 
failure  on  the  jiart  of  the  engineer 
to  provide  for  drainage  of  borrow  pits 
or  of  the  upper  parts  of  valleys  and 
ravines  crossed  by  fills.  Anopheles 
mosquitoes  have  found  such  undrained 
j)laces  to  be  good  breeding  grounds. 
These  are  the  mosquitoes  that  carry 
the  disease  from  sick  persons  to  well 
ones.  Civil  engineers  should  .always 
bear  in  mind  the  possibility  that  even 
in  the  north,  where  malaria  fever  has 
not  been  i)revalent  for  several  genera- 
tions, it  has  reappeared,  as  the  result 
of  creating  new  breeding  places  for 
mosquitoes  while  building  engineering 
structures.  This  is  true,  for  instance, 
along  the  upper  Mississippi  River  at 
the  present  time,  it  is  said,  on  aeeiiunt 
(if   ne«'  (lanis   in   the   river. 

Iloic    Water    (' iintain'inat'iiin    Occurs 

There    are    two    principal     ways    in 
uliieli   iihnnbini;  is   ,a   factor  in   makinii: 


drinking    water    unsafe.     They    are: 

I.  Cross-connection  of  the  safe 
supply  of  water  with  a  contaminated 
supply  under  pressure  wliich  is  (^or 
may  become)  higher  than  the  pres- 
sure of  the  safe  sujjplv.  and 

■J.  Interconnection  of  the  safe  wa- 
ter su])])ly  with  fixtures  or  sewers  not 
normally  under  pressure,  but  which 
may  disi'harge  thiir  contents  into  the 
safe   water   sujijily   if 

(a)  Pressure  develops  in  the  fixtures 
or  sewers  from  unusual  circum- 
stances, (such  as  flooded  street 
sewers),  or 

(b)  A  negative  head  develops  in  any 
water  pipe,  wliich  has  an  open- 
ing submerged  in  the  contents  of 
fixtures,  drains  or  sewers. 

These  cross-connections  and  inter- 
eoiHicctions  have  long  been  common, 
but  epidemics  from  them  occur  only 
at  iiiter\als,  hei'ause  usually  an  addi- 
tional eoiiditicni  nuist  obtain,  such  as. 
for  ex.ini|iie.  a  leak  in  a  check  valve 
lutween  two  water  systems,  before 
the  drinking  w.ater  will  become  un- 
safe. 

Peojile  who  make  dangerous  cross- 
cDiiiuetions  and  inter-connections  are 
usually  either  unacquainted  with  the 
h.izarils  they  create,  or  are  willing 
to  gamble  with  the  lives  of  other 
people,  on  the  chance  that  the  extra 
condition    needed   to   cause   water   ])ol- 


^/--'-- 


'^  ' 


Fig.  I.  Diagram  of  leaking  sewer  and  defective  gravity  water  main, 
by  means  of  which  the  water  became  infected  in  the  disastrous  Salem, 
Ohio,  typhoid  fever  outbreak. 


II 


Fig.  2.  Collapse  of  hot  water  tank  caused  by  partial  vacuum  in  water  pipe 
such  as  was  in  pipes  of  East  Lansing  laboratory  building  when  water  infected 
with  Brucellosis  was  siphoned  from  sink  into  water  supply  and  thereby  caused 
an  epidemic  among  students. 


Fig.  3.  Cross-connection  of  drinking  water  pipe  with  air  washer  m  spray 
booth  Pressure  of  wash  water,  containing  chemicals  washed  from  spray  booth 
air  may  be  raised  by  circulating  pump  in  foreground  to  higher  level  than 
pressure  of  drinking  water,  thereby  forcing  chemicals,  which  may  be  very 
poisonous  in  character,  through  valve  at  right  of  picture  (if  not  tightly 
closed)  into  the  drinking  water  system.  The  other  branch  of  the  drinking 
water  pipe  is  used  to  make  up  water  lost  by  evaporation  from  the  circulating 
water.  It  is  an  interconnection  with  its  end  submerged,  which  permits  siphon- 
age  of  chemicals  into  the  drinking  water  when  partial  vacuum  occurs  in  the 
drinking  water  system  at  this  point. 


Fig.  4.  Leaking  sewer  pipe  over  drinking  water  cooling  tank  in  hotel  base- 
ment to  which  beginning  of  amebic  dysentery  epidemic  has  been  attributed. 
Wooden  cover  has  been  removed  from  tank.  Strings  hanging  from  sewer 
pipe  indicate  locations  of  leaks  in  it,  through  which  sewage  escaped  when 
the  sewer  pipe  became  flooded  due  to  excessive  use  of  plumbing  fixtures 
when  hotel  was  crowded,  and  during  times  of  storm. 


Fig.  3 


Fig.  4 


12 


Fig.  5 


Fig.  6 


Fig.  5.  Location  of  Interconnections  between  sewer  pipe  and  water  pipes  in  basement  of  hotel,  which  were 
factors  in  the  extension  of  the  amebic  dysentery  epidemic  to  another  hotel  using  the  same  water  supply. 
Because  the  interconnections  were  removed  before  the  photograph  was  made,  their  positions  are  shown  by 
dotted  lines.  Failure  to  close  tightly  the  valve  on  one  or  both  of  these  interconnections  permitted  sewage 
to  pess  from  the  sewer  pipe,  when  flooded,  into  the  water  pipes  while  the  water  pressure  in  the  latter  was 
lower  than  the  head  of  sewage. 

Fig.  6.  Chief  of  Plumbing  Section  of  Chicago  Health  Department,  Mr.  Thomas  J.  Claffy,  supervising  re- 
search by  one  of  the  plumbing  inspectors  of  that  section,  Mr.  John  R.  Thompson,  on  devices  intended  to 
prevent  siphonage  from  water-closets.  They  are  measuring  and  recording  the  lowering  of  the  level  of  the 
water  surface  caused  by  partial  vacuum  in  the  water  supply  pipe,  which  siphoned  part  of  the  water  in  the 
water-closet  back  through  the  flush  valve  into  the  water   pipe. 

Fig.  7.  Part  of  an  educational  exhibit  by  the  Chicago  Health  Department  at  a  medical  society  conven- 
tion dealing  with  amebic  dysentery  and  plumbing  hazards  to  the  safety  of  water  supplies.  Charts  and  map 
on  walls  give  scientific  data  on  the  disease.  Using  the  model  of  a  hotel,  demonstrations  were  given  by  use 
of  colored  liquids  showing  how  water  contamination  through  interconnections  between  water  pipes  and 
sewer  pipes  takes  place.  Also  siphonage  from  plumbing  fixtures  was  shown  by  use  of  this  working  model, 
which  has  been  used  for  educational  purposes  In  many  parts  of  the  country.  Motion  pictures  of  siphonage 
from  plumbing  fixtures  and  of  living  ameba  as  seen  under  the  microscope  were  also  shown  In  this  exhibit  and 
many  others. 


13 


lutidii    will    nut     oci-iir.     'I'll.'    loni;-    list  tiiniiitili     tin      urniiiui     Iron     mwi  rs    tii  mic    (it    tliciii   lii-iiiL;   liis   lilr   in   tin-    imt 

of     iiii.ld.ni-s     ill     nriiit     yr.irs     frdni  «,IK.      In     tliis     .■.is,      t:ic     u.lls     w.n-  hr,-.ik.      Tliis     ,|iiil(inic     li;is     liccn     .it- 

this     i-.iiis,      is     siifiiriiiit     to     ciinx  iiKT  t;irtiicr    frniii   til'.'   s,  ui  rs   tli.iii    w.is   tlir  triliutid     to     siplion.-i^rc    of    (lish-\v,-it<r 

r\ri-v    ri^lit  iniii.liil    )Hrson    tli.it    siicli  u-r.-n  it.v    u;it,r    pipe    .-it    S.iliin,   hut    tlic  into    tin-    clrinkiiifi-wntcr    supply    in     .-i 

-.iinl.lin-   , iocs    not    p.iy.     I'.'opl.-    li.iM'  .•li;ir;i<'t<r     of     tlu-     liiiustoni-     rork     .it  l.-,l,or.itorv  of  tile   Michifran  .St;i"t.-  Col- 

too     often     pill     tli.ir     f.iith     in     .-Ini'k  M.-intnio    «.-is    siir'i    /.s    to    pmiiit    <-.-,sy  |,.„.,.    „  i,,.^,.   j,.l,.,„war.-  was  usfd   in  c.x- 

\. lives      which      li.ivc      f.-iilcd     to     work  iinclistriictici    flow    of    scw.-iiii-    to    wills  iHriincnts     with     this     discasf      which 

ulun    ncciicii.     Otiicrs    iiavc    iiculcctcil  throiiiih    iinincrons    crevices    ;in(i    siilii-  aHVcts    hotli     cattle    and    iiiaii       In    an 

the    fiind.-inieiit;ils     of    livdr.iiilics    and  tion     ch.ninc's     in     the     rock.      Anyone  nnsnccessfiil    .•itteniiit    to    sterilize    the 

ni.nlr    such    .n-r.-inMeinents    tli.it    flow    of  who     has    ever    visited     ( ■.irlsli.id     (.■iv  ulassw.ire.    it    w.is    insufficient  I V    hcat.'d 

sew.ine     into     iiiiproteet.d     sources     of  cm.      New      .Mexico,      .\1 .1111111,411      Civ,.  |„    ,.,,,     ,,„t,H.|,iv  ,■    h,  f,.r.-     washin^r.      As 

w.it,r   supply   or   int,.    w.itir   in.iins    lu-  K,-ntucky.  or   I.ur.iy   C.-iv ,  rn.  \'ir.j,inia.  ,|„.     ,.,.„„|,^     ^-,.,,„,     ,1,.,,     ,,|,„„|,l     l,,,^, 

e.iiiic     ill,  vit.ihh,     with     nsiilt.int     ,|n  can     apprcci.at,'    li,iw     l.ir-,,    .it     tini,s,  |,e,n  d,st  rov,-,l   r,  iii.-iiii,,l  alive  and  jr,.t 

,1,  niics    .-111,1    loss  ,,f  lilV.  111,-iy     I.,-     th,'     <li.-inii,ls     ,iissolv,-d     in  j„t,,  ,1,,.  ,lisli-w.atcr.  which   was  drawn 

UrrrnI    I „ tr rr H , ,u,    If al rr-hon, r  li>u,st,.nc     rock      In      wat.r.      Altli,M|...h  |,,.„.i,   ,|,ro„irh   a    hose   connected   to   tli, 

/),v,YM,     Fp„l,,„,,s  "■■'''■'■   ''"'■'■'".^'   tl"-""iili    '""•   -■■'"<'   ">-'.v  sink    faucet,    into    the    doin.-stic    wat,r 

I.,'     piirili,-,!     within     .1     short     ilist.anc,  siipplv   of  th,-   hiiihlini;-.  j 

.\ii„nii;    th,'    scores   ol    noiit    nupor  tl„liin,st -iv  ,s  no  siuli   |.rot,-cti,.n  o,,),,        ,.,,,.     „,|,„     „.,.„,     j„t„     ,|,j^ 

taut      wat,  r-h,M-n,-     ,iis,as,-     ,pi.l,  iiii,s.  t,.    til,-    h.-alth    of    tlios,-    who    ,lrink    the  l,„i|,|nm    w,r,-   atlVcted    hv   th,-   <lis,as,-. 

lonr    ol    ,sp,-,-ial    iiit,  r,  st     t,.    tlu-   .11-1  w.-it,r.      Th,-    cnitrol    ol     tl„-    ,-pi,l,iiii,-  -pi,,.,,.     „.,.„.     .,t     i,..,,,    ci^htv     victims, 

nc-r    h.iv,-   lH-,n    sch-,-t,d    t,M-    purpos.s  w.-is    -natly    hanip,r,d    hv    th,-    nnutal  „|-     „.|,j,.|,     ,,.,,-, .tv-six     w-.n-     students, 

ol     illustration:  c.nilitioii    of    th,-     hospital    iiiiii.it, s.  |,     ,,,.,, ,„^     prohahh-     that     th,-     suction 

1.      I'll,-   .Sah-iii,  Ohio,  typhoid    t,-v,-r  A  very   intcn-stin-  shh-di-ht  on  this  j„t„  t|„.    „.at,-r    pip,-    was   onlv   nu.nicn- 

cpid.-nii.-'    W.-IS   one  ot    the    most   sev.-r.-  ,-pidcniic    is    f,uind    in    a   stat.m.-nt,    r,-  ,..,rv,     „  li,-n     it    ,.ccurr.-d,    as    the    dis- 

,ni    n-i-ord,    strikini;    down    more    tli.in  i-i-ntly   ni.idc  in  a   lecture  dealing   with  ,-i|)i„-,ir.-iin-i     ,)f     ,-in    apnreciahle    quan- 

,.n,-twelfth    of    the    entire     p.ipulation  this    ,-pid,-niic,     hy     Mr.     Clarence    W.  jitv   of  dish    water   was   not    noticed   at 

"'    "'••''    <it.^'    •""'    r,-,|uiriiii;    th,-    .-liil    ot  Kl.-iss,n.    .St.it,-    .S,-initary    Kngincer    of  .,,,;.    ti,„c.    l)Ut.    sliort    as    it     proliahlv 

d,H-t,n-s    .111,1    iiurs.-s   from   otlur    pl.-ii-,-s  Illinois,  th.il   m.-iny  mcntal-discas,-  vie-  „..,^      jf    k-ist.-d    loni;    enou<rh    to    caus'e 

to   tre;it    and    cari-    for    the    victims.    In  tiiiis,      ,ilso      sufieriiiir      from      typhoid  niiicli    illness    .-ind    cost    th,-    life    of    a 

this    disastrous    outhrcak.    88  1-    pcoph-  f,v>-r.      t,-mpor.-irily       In-c-.-imt-      r,-itioii.-il  voiiii"-  m.in 

w,-re    m;iil,-    sii-k    in     :\     poinil.-ition     of  ilurini;-  th,-  lu-inht  of  the  ftvtr.  I-'riciids             'piij,,^   oc-currciu-c   sirves   to   illustrate 

I  (I.. ■Kill    in    tlu-    ,-ity,     .ind    -'7    of    tlieiii  wen-    .ilih-    t,i    hold    conversations    with  d,,.    n-.-ison    wliv    epidemics    of     -vvater- 

,li,  d.     As    w,-    l,i,,k    h.-i,-k    ,-it    th,-    situ.-i-  thiiii   for  th,-  first  time   in   years   wliih-  1,,.^,.      disease"    occur      intermittently 

tion,     it     se.-ms     r.-in.irk.ihl,      tli.-it     the  th,  y  w,r,    riiniiin-  .1  lii-li    f,-v,-r.  rp,)n  ,..,41,^.,.    than    constantly.     In    order    to 

,  pi.h-ini,-     ilid     not     ,H-i-iir     so,Mi,-r.      .V  r,-c-,,v,-ry  fr,iiii  typhoiil  fever,  th,-  111,  n-  „.,.(   ji,,.   ,lani>;erous   contamination   into 

si-wer  h.-iviniv   Icakinu'  joints  pt-rmittcd  t.il    syniptoins    ritiirncd.     This    fiiidiiiu-  t],,.   „...,t,.r   pip,-s.  tlirc-    conilitions   li.-id 

the    bacteria    which    ;irc    .-ilw.-iys    ])rcs-  is    in    h.-irmiuiy   with   the  eflV-cts   known  to  ciuxist - 

i-iit     in     s(-wat;-c     to     ,-scap,-     into     th,-  to   In-    proiluccd    hy    -.irtiticial    fcvirs"             ,       'I'lic      niicro-or«anisms      causin;; 

nr.uinil.    Th,-  s,-w,-r  w.-is  ,,,-ir,ill,-h-,l   hy  in   th,-  tre,-itiii,-iit   of  vic-tims  of  p.-in-sis  brucellosis    had    to    he    present    in    the 

.1     ii,.-irhy    iir.-ivity     wat,-r     iii.iin.    .iN,,  Anr  to  hr.-iin  syphilis.  dish-water;    this    apparently    occurr.-il 

in    a    I, -.-iky    c-ondition.    wliii-h    .-i,-t,-d    .is  A      r,-p,r,iission     of     this     cpi,l,-mi<  rcirularlv.   on  ,-iccount  ,if  the  defective 

,-1    f.-irni    ilr.-iin-tilc    ilocs    in    dr.iiiiiiiii-    .-1  telt   in   Chi,-.-i-o   is    th,-   illiuss  of  work-  t.-clmic  '  ,-iiiplov,-d      to      sterilize      the 

in.-irsliy    111,  .-iilow.     (irounil    u.-it,r.   i-oii  m,ii     from     this     ,-itv     who     w-,-r,-     em-  dishes 

t.-iininii-      nii,-r,i-,n-ii.-iinsiiis       from      tin-  ploy,-,l    in    (-,iiistrii,-ti,in    of    11, -w    huihi-             .,       -pii,.     t'.-|iu-,-t     t,i    which     tlu-    hos,- 

s,-w,r.    foiiiiil    its    w.-iy    into    th,-    w.-itir  ini;s    .-it    th,-     M.iiit,ii,i    .'^t.•lt,-    Hos|)it,-il  „..,s    ..^t.-iclit-d     li.-iil    to    h.ik    or    lie     .-it 

m.-iin    tliroiiiih    ,-r,-v  i,-,s    in    th,-    i;rounil  .-mil   who    nturn,,!  to  th,-ir  homes   lii-r,-  h-.-ist   ii.-irtly  open,  .■in, I 

li,tw,-,n   th,-   tw,i   pip,s.    tiles,-   ert-vi(-,-s  wliin   tli,v    lH■^.•ln   to   fiil   sick.   .V   more             ;{       'I'lie  "norm.-illy    positive    pressure 

.-1,-tiiii;-  .-IS    n.itur.-il    int,r,-,iiincctions   h,-  unusual     scpii-l     is     the     rch-.-isc-     u|ioii  .,(  t],,.   fanei-t   in  tlu-    w.-itcr  Iiipc  had  to 

twcii    tli,-iii.  p.-iroh-    of    typhoiil    carrii-rs    to    return  j,,.   j.|,..,„„-,.,i    to   ,1    ii,-i;-,-itiv(-   head    in    or- 

Th,-  i-piil, mi,-  result, -,1  wh,  11  .1  i.is,-  to  Chic.-ii;-,.  wli,-n  tlu-ir  mental  condi-  ,ier  to  suck  the  infectiv.-  dish-wat,-r 
or  i-.-irri,  r  of  typhoid  f,-vi-r  c,m-  tion  improvcil.  'I'lies,-  cirriirs  ,irc  con-  ,||,  tliroui>-h  the  hose  and  into  the 
trihut,',!  f,-c.-il  discli.-iri;-,-s  to  th,-  s,-w-  st.iiit  il.ini;,  rs.  li,i-,-ius,-,  .-ilthoiinh  tli,v  w;iter-supply  pipini;  system. 
.-il;-,  .111,1  th,  h.icteri.-i  e.iusiiia;  this  ,lis-  li.-iv,-  r,e,iv,red  their  fVeliiii;-  of  hi-.ilth.  ()(■  course,  th,-  first  two  i-onditions 
,  .-IS,-  vv,  r,-  wi(k-ly  distrihutcd  .-inioni;  tliiv  still  discliarife  typhoid  li.-icilli  mentioned  mii;ht  li.-ivi-  liccii  jircscnt 
th,-  p,,ipl,^  of  th,^  city  vi.i  siw.iu,-  in  with  tluir  feces  .-ind  may  st.-irt  n,-w  nuist  of  the  tim,-.  awaitinif  the  mo- 
th,-   s,  w,  r,    -roimil    w.-it,  r    in    the   i-r,v  ,  pi,l,  ini,^    fiui     wli,r,-v,r    tli,y    i;,i.      In  nicnt   when   the  third   necessary  condi- 

''■''•     "'      tl"-     --"'I-     -11"'     piihli,-     w.-itir        -    sii.-h    p.-irol,-,-,    the    ni.iit.il    , lis, -.is,-  ,i„„    „.,)iihl    .-ilso   develop    and    the   ejii- 

siipply    in    th,'   iir.-iv  ity    vv.-it,r   [lijie   .-mil  li;is    ntunii'il    .111, 1    li.is    iii-,-,-ssit.-it,-d    his  i|,nii(-    would    r,-snlt. 

its     v.-irioiis    hr.-incli,-s.  r,-,-.-ill     to     th<-     hospit.-il.      Tin-      siip.r 

-'.      I. .-1st     y,.-ir's     .\laiit,-iio,     Illiiiins,  visi,ui    of    .-1    ty|ilioi,l    carriir    wli.i    m.iy 

oiitlir,-.-ik      n-sultiiiH-      in      sixty     il,-.-itlis  Im-coiii,-    ,h  r.-inii,-d    .it    .-my    tim,-    <-,nisti                .Mthoiinh    this    ,lis,-ussi,in    li.-is    l>,-,ii 

W.-IS    siiiiil.-ir    in    soiii,-    r,sp,i-ts    t,i    the        tiiti-s   .1    s -wh.-it    11, -vv    |ir,ilil,-m    for    .■,  limitci     to     ,Mithr,-.-iks     of     disi-,-ise     of 

.•^.ih-i.i  ,  pi,l,iiii,-.     Ilir,    th,     w,  lis    fr,,iii  ,-ity      In.-iltli     ,1,  p.-irtm,-iit,     which      li.-is  ,-,,iiiniuiii,-.-ihl,-     ,-li.-ir,-ict,-r.     i.    c.    those 

vvlii,-li  th,    .St.-il,     lu.spit.il    look   its   sup  h.-iil     its     tr,Hilil,s     in     i-,uit  rolliiii;     s.-in,-  ,-.-iiis,-,l    hy    h.-ul,ri.-i    or   ,itli,r   micro, ir- 

ply        lwc;ini,-       c,iiit:iiiiin.it,,l,       .-i  I  s  o  c;irri,-rs.  i;.-inisms    ,-iiid    c.-ip/ihli^   of   s|ire;idin!J:   to 

throuifh   crev  ic,  s    in    th,-    r,i,-k.   hy    si-w  .i.     Tin-     |-'..-ist      l..-iiisin^.     M  ii-hiu.in.  .1    well    pi-rson   from  ,-i   sick  one  or  c.-ir- 

.-inc     from    the     institution.      This     w.-is  ,-pi,i,-nii,-    of    hru,-,  Ihisis     (,ift,n    i^.^ilhd  ri,-r  of  the  ilis,-.-is,-.  it   should   he  lioriu- 

shown     hv     .-1     ris,-    in     s.-ilinity     of    th,-  iiiiiiul.'int     f,v,ri.-    .ilso    o,,-urriiiu    List  in    iiiinil    th.it    pois,niini;s    hy    ch,-mic.-il 

w,ll    w.-il,r   shortly    .-iftir   ,pi.-int  iti,  s   ol  v,.ir.    is    .1    r,  ,-,  iit    ,  x.-iniph-    of    w.it,-r-  suhst.-iu,-,  s     li.-iv,-    oi-(-|irri-,l     in     simil.-ir 

ro,-k    s.ill     w,  r,-    pl.ic,  il    in    tlu-    s,-w,rs.  horn,     ilis,.-is,-    ulii,-li    is    of    sp,,-i-il     in  f.ishion.      .Som, -times     thes,-     cli,-niic,-ils 

th,     .1111, Mint    of    s.-iliiiilv     iii,-r,-.-.siiiu    .is  l,r,st      to      stu,l,iits      h,  ,-.-iiis,-      ,-oll,-o,-  .ire  detected  hy   taste,  odor  or   irrit:it- 

nior,      .111(1     more     of     the     s.ilt     p.iss,  d  stiuhnts    win-   priiuip.illv    tin-   v  iitims.  iny-    effects    before    harm     is    done,    but 

14 


I'<,',s,ni    III    Drnikhi,,    Ifiiiri 


)tir    cumot    .-iffiird   to   take   tlu-    cliaiicc- 
tliat  this  will  always  ho  truf. 

Nut  fvtrv  cast-  of  contamination, 
howivtr.  is  tragic.  Newspapers  re- 
cently carried  an  item  about  the 
water  in  an  Illinois  city  which  had  a 
beer  taste,  due  to  an  interconnection 
[)f  a  water  ])ipe  and  a  beer  container 
in  a  lirewery.  A  ease  is  on  record 
where  water,  in  which  liorse  manure 
was  soaked  to  make  liquid  fertilizer 
for  a  greenhouse,  was  drawn  (prob- 
ably not  as  a  thirst-quencher)  in  a 
saloon  next  door  to  tlie  greenhouse, 
much  to  the  amazement  of  customers 
and  proprietor  alike.  The  cause  was 
found  to  be  siplionaiif  from  a  water 
pipe  submirued  in  the  manure  tank, 
wlien  a  (lartial  vacuum  occurred 
brieHv  in  the  street  main  sujildyini;- 
both    premises. 

Recently,  a  plumbinst  inspector  dis 
covered  a  water  inlet  at  the  bottom 
of  a  tank  containino;  potassium  cya- 
nide, one  of  the  most  poisonous  chem- 
icals known,  in  a  silver-platina  shoji 
in  a  larice  office  buildini;.  Had  this 
not  been  found  and  immediately  cor- 
rected, (as  it  was)  before  any  such 
siphonage  occurred  as  took  place  at 
East  Lansinu-.  a  large  number  of  the 
occupants  of  the  building-  would  un- 
questionably have  been  fatally 
poisoned.  .Similar  submerged  inlets  in 
photographic  and  X-ray  developing 
tanks  were  formerly  common,  but 
ifortunately  less  acutely  dangerous, 
pome  types  of  toilets,  bedpan  wash- 
|ers.  liathtubs.  and  many  other  fixtures 
may  also  ha\e  submerged  inlets  and 
must  be  properly  safeguarded  against 
phonagc. 

When  one  realizes  that  a  large 
office  building  or  hotel  may  contain 
it  one  time  as  many  people  as  a  fair- 
sized  town,  and  because  of  the  eon- 
nual  coming  and  going  of  difl'erent 
peojjle,  in  :\  year  it  may  have  within 
ts  doors  enough  iieo|)le  to  ])opulate 
arge  city,  the  need  of  as  competent 
engineering  supervisicm  of  the  design, 
construction  and  maintenance  of  the 
utilities,  such  as  water  sup])ly  and 
weragt-.  in  such  buildings  as  in  ;i 
town  of  equal  population,  at  once 
imes  a])parent.  .Actually,  however, 
the  large  building  often  presents 
greater  engineering  problems,  since. 
Iiecause  of  its  height,  the  range  of 
pressure  variations  in  the  water-sui)- 
)ly  system  is  greater  than  in  a  town 
■onsisting  of  low  buildings,  and  tbi' 
lerd  of  conserving  valuable  s))ace  in 
ireas  of  high  rents  further  compli- 
cates the  probhnis  of  design  and 
re])air. 

.\dded  to  this  is  til.'  f.-iet  that  in 
many  cities  the  sewers  in  the  down 
town  sei-tions  were  luiilt  ni.inv  years 
ago.  at  a  time  when  )iresent  lo.-uls 
were   not   anticipated.     This   conditi(m 


of  outgrown  sizes  of  sewers,  together 
with  the  .-ulvent  of  air  eonditi<niing 
on  .a  large  scale  with  its  accompany- 
ing discharge  of  considerable  quanti- 
ties of  condenser  water  c;n  warm  days, 
has  overloaded  the  sewers  to  a 
dangerous  extent  in  many  cities;  this 
is  sometimes  .a  faet(n-  in  causing  epi- 
demics, as  will  111-  more  clearly 
brought  out  in  tile  consideration  of 
the  fourth  of  the  epidemics  of  spe- 
cial interest  to  the  engineers. 

Thr   Chic(i<i<i   Jmrhic    I) i/.srntrr ,/ 
Epnirtiuc.'- 

Possibly  the  most  widely  known 
epi(b  inie  of  water-borne  origin  of  re- 
cent ye.-irs  oet-urred  in  Chieago  in 
I  !»:!.■'..  This  epideniie  of  ameliic  dys- 
entery occurred  .at  the  time  of  the 
first  se.ason  of  the  Century  of  Prog- 
ress Exposition,  often  called  the 
second  Chicago  ^^'orld's  I'air.  Two  re- 
sults of  the  investigation  of  this  out- 
break h.-ive  been  .a  new  conception  of 
the  way  in  wiiieli  .amebic  dysentery 
may  spread  .ami  ,a  new  recognition  of 
the  im])ort.nit  jiart  that  plumbing 
pl.ays  in  tli>'  ))reservation  of  healtli 
and  j)revention  of  disease.  The  epi- 
demic spread  to  all  liarts  of  the 
United  .States  and  Canada  and  to  .a 
slight  extent  across  the  ocean.  The 
number  of  e.ises  will  probably  never 
be  exen  a)i|iroximately  known,  be- 
cause of  the  wide  geographic  dis- 
tribution of  the  X  ictinis  and  the  great 
difficulty  of  securing  reliable  reports 
from  m.any  people  se])arated  by  such 
dist.anees.  However,  the  official  re- 
jiort  on  the  epidemic,  written  by  a 
grou])  of  not.ible  exjierts  and  ()ub- 
fished  by  the  Lnited  States  Public 
Health  Service,  makes  mention  of 
more  than  fourteen  hundred  cases 
and  nearly  one  Inmdred  deaths.  Not 
all  of  these  were  ))roved  to  be  from 
tlie  same  source,  but  in  many  eases 
full  informaticni  w.is  not  .ivail.able  re- 
garding possible  eont.aet  with  the 
eonnnon    source. 

This  was  the  first  tinu-  an  epi- 
deniii-  of  amebic  dysentery  in  a  civil 
))o]iid.-ition  was  pro\ed  to  be  w.ater- 
liorne.  l're\iously  it  was  gencrallx 
aceepti-d  th.at  infectious  foo<i  was  the 
medium  of  tr.ansmission  i)ar  excel- 
lence. It  was  natural,  therefore,  th.at 
at  first  the  efforts  to  halt  the  spread 
of  the  infection  should  be  principal Iv 
directed  to  the  examination  and  cmi 
trol  of  food  .111(1  food-handlers  in  the 
hotel  from  uhieh  the  first  c.ases  were 
reiiort.cl.  W'li.n  these  efforts  iiroved 
un.iv.ailiiig.  other  possiliilitiis  were 
iiitiiisi\  ily  imestigated  and  rin.ally. 
.after  niueh  careful  detective  W(n-k.  the- 
ri.il  \i-ct(U-  of  traiisinission  found 
ilriiikiiig  w.iter  eoiit.iiiiin.ifeil  by 
sew.-igc    ill    thi'    hot.  1. 

.V  leaking  sewir  pipe  dinctly  cucr 
a   cooling   tank   of   ilrinkiiig   water   be- 


came flooded  with  sew.age.  bei'ausc  o{ 
the  crowded  condition  of  the  hotel  in- 
c'ident  to  the  arrival  of  an  unusually 
large  nuniber  of  guests  who  came  to 
\isit  the  U'orld's  Fair,  and  also  be- 
cause of  the  undersized  sewers  avail- 
able for  carrying  otf  the  increased 
amount  of  sewage,  particularly  during 
storms.  During  the  periods  of  flood- 
ing, sewage  backed  up  in  the  leaking 
sewer  pipe,  forced  its  way  out  through 
the  holes  and  dripped  onto  the  wooden 
cover  of  the  t.ank  below  and  perco- 
l.atcd  throngli  it.  contaminating  the 
drinking  water  within  and  spreading 
the  disease  to  guests  and  employees 
in   .all    [larts   of   the   hotel. 

Pl.acing  ;i  sewer  pi|ic  which  is  sub- 
ject to  heavy  o\erlo.iding  directly 
above  a  drinking-water  tank  in  this 
manner  is  faulty  design,  and  an 
example  of  the  neglect  of  the  funda- 
ment.als  of  hydraulics  which  has  fre- 
(puiitly  been  instrumental  in  spread- 
ing diseasi-.  The  danger  from  a  leak 
in  the  siwer  pijie  inherent  in  sucli 
relative  jiositions  of  sewer  .and  w.iter 
tank  is  evident. 

With  the  coming  of  hot  weather, 
an  .air  conditioning  plant  in  the  hotel 
w.as  jil.aced  in  servit'c  from  time  to 
time,  involving  the  occasional  use  of 
.111  interconnection  between  the  air 
conditioning  mechanism  and  a  sewer 
pi])e  in  the  hotel  basement  for  dis- 
charging surjilus  condenser  water. 
The  investigation  indicated  that  fail- 
ure to  close  tightly  a  valve  on  the 
interconnection  permitted  sewage  to 
make  its  way  into  the  pijjc  carrying 
condenser  water,  whenever  the  head 
of  sew.age  ill  the  sewer  pipe  on  one 
side  of  the  leaking  valve  exceeded 
the  head  of  water  in  the  water  pipe 
on  the  other  side.  This  sewer,  also. 
was  .at  a  higher  elevation  than  the 
t(  iidciiser  w.ater  pijx-  with  which  it 
w.as  intercimncc'ted.  Subsequent  use 
of  this  condenser  w.iter.  intermittently 
contaminated  with  sewage  througii 
the  interconnection  of  water  pipe  with 
sewer  l)i|)e.  further  contributed  to  the 
spread  of  disease,  both  in  the  hotel 
of  origin  ,and  in  another  hotel  .across 
t!ie  street  served  bv  tile  s.ime  w.ater 
system. 

Aftrrmatti    iif   llir   K pUhmic 

.\s  soon  as  the  true  cause  of  the 
epidemic  w.is  discovired,  immedi.ate 
correctioiw  of  the  responsible  einidi- 
tioiis  were  in.ade.  Ill  .addition,  .a  re- 
wampiiig  of  the  iiitire  dr.aiii.agi-  sys- 
tem ill  the  hotel  W.IS  done,  greatly 
increasing  the  size  of  sewers  to 
relie\e  the  sureh.irgiiig  .and  iireveiit 
b.ickiiig  lip  of  sew.age  under  ]ieik 
lo.ids  in  future  .\  Large  force  of 
highly  competent  s.niit.ary  engineers 
.and  |ilunibiiig  inspectors  was  em- 
ployed .it  once  to  study  .all  other 
(Turn  to   page  45; 


15 


PROCESS  CONTROL  THROUGH 
INSTRUMENTATION 


HARRY  McCORMACK 


Till'  Knlidts  .-ire  im  .-1(11111:  iii(liistr\  . 
I„r  the  p.-.st  clrr;i,i,  tlli^  ll.is  l„rii 
(icc-urriiiLC  qiiirth  luit  prrsisttiitly.  In 
n-ci-nt  Vf.-irs  the  pace  li.is  accflfrattd 
until  it  lias  almost  assmmd  tin- 
"lilitzkrifi;"  stagf. 

Tlu-st'  Robots  hav,-  n(.t  In.ii  of  the 
kinil  lustoniarily  (Itpictcd.  a  liunian 
fiirni  ai'tu.-itrd  liy  various  nu-cliani<-al 
(livicts  iiiatilin;;-  it  to  sinuilatf  human 
motions.  Tiny  have  liccn  ".i>a(l,i;tts" 
of  multiplf  forms  wliicli  would  per- 
form tlif  functions  of  a  human  luinij: 
in  actu.atiiiir  the  controls  on  some 
industrial  process  without  in  ,iny  w.iy 
rcscmlilini;  the  form  of  .1  hum.in  hrin.j 
nor  simulatiuir  its   motions. 

The  ri-sult  has  been  the  automatii' 
control  of  many  industrial  processes 
wliich  a  few  years  )).ist  de)icndcd  on 
intellip;ent  human  control  for  their 
proper  functionintr.  .\  ))roccss  ot  this 
same  type  which  is  will  known  .and 
rather  wi(hly  used  is  the  .automatic 
control  for  the  ilomcstic  heater.  it 
cmbodi.s  scvcr.il  of  the  controls 
wliich  :ir.  rather  uiih  r.ally  used  and 
therefor,  pre  srnts  m.iny  of  tlie  prob 
Icms  found  in  other  similar  indus- 
trial .applications. 

Assume  that  the  c.mtrol  desired  is 
th.at  of  tein|i<r.iture.  The  first  ((Ues- 
ti(ui  to  l>e  decided  is:  where  sliould 
the  control  instruments  be  located." 
The  dwcllinir  consists  of  sevcr.al 
rooms,  more  or  less  intcrconncctcil. 
Obviously  (a>ntrol  instruments  in- 
tended to  control  the  source  of  hc.it 
cainiot  be  located  in  every  room  when 
there  is  only  our  source  of  heat.  One 
method  for  controllina;  heat  uses  .1 
control  instrument  in  each  room,  con 
nccted  to  the  radiator  valvi-  in  th.it 
room.  .\  constant  supplv  id'  he.at 
must    be    .■issiinied. 

The  temperature  .at  tin-  control 
jioint  is  .ipproxim.ately  that  desired 
but    the    temperature    in    other    parts 


of  the  room  m.ay  di-vi.ate  much  or 
little  from  this  v.alue.  dipcndini;-  on 
the  movement   of  .air   within   the   room. 

The  temperature  w.as  stated  to  be 
.apjtroximatcly  th.at  desired  because 
there  must  be  some  .appreci.ibic  tluc 
tu.ation  in  tcmjicr.ature  to  c.uisc  the 
o)icnini;  or  closinji  of  the  steam  valve 
on  the  radiator.  The  ijeneral  result 
is  th.at  most  of  the  time  the  room 
temperature  is  either  above  or  below 
that  which  is  desired.  The  deviation 
is.  in  this  instance,  not  .a  m.itter  for 
serious    consideration. 

Comment  on  conditions  inHucnciiiii 
the  tem))cr.iturc  control  of  the  room 
has  been  somewh.at  extended  as  sim 
ilar  I'h.ar.actcristics  .in-  to  Ik-  notid  in 
.-ill  ])roecsscs  controlled  throu-h  in 
striunentatimi. 

The  control  is  wli.-re  tin-  control 
instrument     is     loc.-itcd.     The     charac- 


ti-ristic  bcinu:  controlled  is.  duriufr  the 
iirc.iti  r  ji.irt  of  the  time,  not  i-xactlfi 
.-it  the  control  point.  This  was  a  seri- 
ous f.iult  in  early  designs  of  control 
instruments  but  h.is  been  ncarlv  eliin- 
in.-ited   in   jin  sent   instruments. 

One  of  the  outst.iiidiiiii-  instrinnents 
sei-uriug  i-loser  control  of  desired 
conditions  is  the  .Microai.ix  i-ontrol- 
ler.  <leveloi)ed  by  Leeds  and  North- 
ru])  initially  for  close  ti-mjicrature 
control  but  adai)table  anywlure  that 
the  initial  impulse  is  electrical  or 
tr.insnuitablc  into  an  electrical  im- 
pulse. 

The  dcsi-ription  ot  the  Mieromax 
Klci-trit-  Control  together  with  the 
dr.-iwings  (lei)ieting  the  install.-ition 
and  o|icr.-ition  id'  this  i-ontrol  arc 
taken  from  liti-r.-iturc  suiijilied  by  the 
manufacturer. 


16 


Figui'e  C 


Au.ihary  Control  Ci 


The  Bas,.t   of  M.K.C.    Control 
{Fkjure  A) 

(1)  When  tiiii|K-raturc,  for  in- 
stance, varies  from  the  required 
value,  the  eliange  in  tlierniocouple 
emf  unbalances  the  measurino;  circuit. 
(2)  The  galvanometer  deflects  and 
engages  the  motor-driven  Micromax 
mechanism,  which  turns  (3)  the  meas- 
uring slidewire  to  restore  measuring- 
circuit  balance  and  at  the  same  time 
(•!■)  turns  (mechanically)  the  control 
slidewire,  on  the  same  shaft,  to  un- 
balance the  control  circuit.  Just  as 
measuring-circuit  unbalance  deflected 
galvanometer,  so  control-circuit  un- 
balance actuates  the  relay  (5).  Tlie 
relay  energizes  the  valve-drive  motor 
(6),  which  simultaneously  turns  the 
valve  to  readjust  fuel  supply,  and  the 
valve-slidewire  to  restore  control-cir- 
cuit balance. 

^^'ith  the  above  basic  circuit,  each 
temperature  within  the  throttling 
range  would  have  a  correspondini; 
valve  jiosition.  If  tlir  load  for  which 
the  control  ha<l  been  adjusted  wtrr 
to  undergo  a  sustained  change,  the 
valve  could  not  take  the  position  iwc 
essary  to  bring  temperature  of  the 
changed    load    back    to    control    point 

.     .     .and    tile     control     eurxe     would 
droop." 

A  iiiaiiiial  iiictlioil  for  coiitroUniti 
the  triiipcriitiirc  xcitlihi  iiarroxc  raii(i<s 
is  a  " iiiaiiiial  ilroop  cornctor."  {  Fig- 
ure B. ) 

To  bring  the  changed  hi.ad  to  con 
trol  temperature,  it  nnist  be  possibh 
easily  to  establisli  a  new  relation 
ship  between  temperature  .and  \,il\i 
position.  The  relationship  is  there 
itore  made  ;i<ijustable  by  eqni])ping  all 
IM.K.C.  Controls  with  rheostats  in 
iand  H.  Hy  turning  these,  the  ()|ierator 
changes  the  relationshiji  of  the  re 
'sistances  in  the  control  circuit  so  that 
balance  occurs  with  tiie  valve  in 
(wliatcver  position  ni.ay  be  neeess.ary 
ito  eliminate  drooj). 

This  correction  niai/  al.\o  he  nuidi- 
\aiitomaticallij  {Figure  C).  When  teni 
perature     varies     from     the     required 


v.alue,  control  slidewire  inoxcnuiit 
unbalances  init  only  Control  Circuit 
.\.  but  also  -Auxiliary  Control  Circuit 
!>.  L'nbahuue  in  Circuit  B  causes  re- 
lay /)  sinniltanerni^h-  to  energi/e 
droop-ecn-reetcn-  motor  ;is  well  as 
heater  r  or  .v.  While  unbalance  in 
Circuit  B  is  causing  the  droop-cor- 
rector motor  to  turn  the  rheostats  ni 
and  H  in  Circuit  .\,  heat  from  r  or  .v 
is  temporarily  raising  the  tempera- 
ture of  coil  /'  or  f),  and  therefore  its 
resistance.  When  tliis  tempor.iry 
ch.ange  in  resistance  balances  Circuit 
B.  the  droop-corrector  motor  stops. 
At  the  same  time,  heater  r  or  .v  is  no 
longer  energized,  so  that  coil  /'  or  </ 
begins  to  cool.  In  cooling,  its  resist- 
ance lowirs  so  tliat  Ciriaiit  B  is  .again 
unbalanced,  .and  rel.ay  h  .ag.ain  ener- 
gizes droop-corrector  motor  and  heat- 
er r  or  .V  until  tem|)orary  balance  is 
.again  reat'hed  in  Circuit  B.  This  .ac- 
tion jiersists  until  Circuit  1?  reaches 
fin.al  t-(|uilibriuni  «  ith  resist.anee  in 
coils    /'   and    </    <-(|n.il.     This    I'.an    luily 


occur  when  temperature  or  other  con- 
trolled condition  is  at  the  control 
point. 

It  will  br  notr.l  that  til,-  .Micromax 
I'.lectric  Cinitrol  illustr.ated  controls 
;.  valve  on  .a  line.  This  could  be  a 
gas  line  su))plying  fuel  to  ;i  beat- 
treating  furnace  and  the  controller 
would  then  be  utilized  in  maintaining 
a  certain  pre-determined  temperature 
in  the  furnace.  It  might  lie  ,ap))lifd 
on  a  steam  line  controlling  the  How 
of  steam  through  the  line.  thus,  in 
turn.  controlling  the  teni|jer.ature 
maintained  at  the  point  .at  which  the 
steam  is  beins   used. 

It  will  be  noted  that  tais  method 
of  i-ontrol  is  complex  as  eomiiared 
with  the  method  of  control  previously 
described  for  the  temperature  in  a 
ro(nn.  The  control  with  tlie  Miiromax 
Controller  is  to  a  much  narrower  tem- 
perature range  than  would  be  pos- 
sible with  such  control  as  was  illus- 
trated in  the  heated  room. 

The  other  disturbing  feature,  local- 
ized control,  is  still  serious.  This  is 
true  jjarticularly  when,  for  example, 
it  is  desired  to  control  the  composi- 
tion of  .1  mixture  in  a  large  reaction 
vessel.  'I'he  etfieienev  of  the  mixing 
e<piipment  and  the  location  of  the 
control  point  are  of  [laramount  im- 
portance. Per  these,  and  certain 
other  reasons,  one  manufacturer  rec- 
ommends the  abandonment,  so  far  as 
])()ssible,  of  large-scale  react  i  o  n 
equipment  and  jjrocessing  materi.als  in 
I'irculation.  The  .application  of  this 
idea  will  be  developed  in  one  of  the 
ex,ini|iles  cited  Later. 

Process  control  instruments,  wli.at- 
e\er  m,ay  be  the  ty]ic.  depelul  for 
their     functioning     lui     some     inipulxc 


nriiriiiatiiii;'  in  tin-  iirocis-..  TliK  m.n 
lir  M  (■h.iiiiiiiiu  tiin|i(r,ituiT.  Iiiaiiiditv 
|iiT-,Miri'.  Mill.ii;.  or  :iiii|ii  r.i^r.  r.ili 
(il  (liiw.  ill  iisity.  or  li\  ilriii;i  M  inn  inn 
1-1  rjtr.it  inn.  'I'Iiiit  .-.n:  ntln  rs  Inil  I 
m.-ijnr    (Uir-.    Ii.nr    liciii    st.itrd. 

Till-    inilustri;il    i trni    nf    hiirniilitv 

i^  nnr  nl  tllr  lnn^t  llililnilt  itl■|n^  wr 
li.iM  tn  .-niitrol  litlirr  in,i  n  iia  1 1  v  nr 
.■ilitoiii.-itic.illy.  'I'll,  Ti  .in  tun  nil  tlinils 
of  makiiii>-  siu-li  .■ontrnl.  lintli  nl  tlirsr 
ilrpiiiil  for  tliiir  n|Hr;itinii  nil  ilitiir 
1  luTs  rxistiiiii"  1)1  twt'fii  wet  and  drv- 
luilli  londitinns.  Onr  of  til. -ill  iitili/is 
for  inritrnl  tlir  di  tfrrrnt  i.-il  ti  niprr.i 
turr  111  tun  II  ^|ll■l•ial  types  nf  uit  .iiid 
dry-liiilli  thiriiiniiirtrrs.  tr.iiisl.itiiii; 
tlicsi-  tiiii|iir;itiirr  di  iVi  riiin  s  iiitii  ,i  n 
ilrrtrir.il  iiiipulsr  wliiili  is  tliiii 
p.issrd  tlirnui:li  .i  M  i.roiii.ix  (on 
trollir  .irtii.itiim  tlir  ili\  in  .  liy  wliirli 
niorr  or   Irss    moistiin     is   .•iddrd   to   tin 


air   111  in:;  ri  r.iil.iti  d   tliroimli   tlir  >p.-i<-r 

in    wliiili    liinnidit\     rnntrol    is    disiriil. 

■I'll'      "II"'-     niitlind     of     i-nnlrnl     ill  ,„    r„,„„,,l   'is    ll„n    n  nniMil    l,v    pass 

nds    lor    its   npi  r.itinn    on    tin-    I,  iiotl,        |,,„      ,i„,      ,„,,,,„,.,,      ,,(      ,,i|      ,,,,,1      ^„,,, 


it      tlir     disirril     (■onrintr.-ition     to 
nr.isiirnl    .inantitv    of    oil.      Tlir    so 


In        of  ,1   nnnilii  r  of  sir.inds  nf  liiiin.-.ii   li 


.at     \.ir\iiiir     iiinistiiri-     rniidit  ions.       It 
sounds    .as     if    this    im  tliod    nf    rnntrnl 


llirniiM 


iitrifii; 


sii-ond.iry  .ad  j  iist.ilili-  displ.uaniilit 
inrtrr  ill  till-  liiii-  carrying;  tin-  triat- 
inu'  rliriiiii;il.  'I'lusr  ,iri-  liiikid  to- 
mtliir    liv    c'ontrol    lims.     (  oiiiliin.atinn 


or  any  ntliir  nil.  BriiHv  tin-  pro.r. 
consists  in  .aiidini;-  ,i  pn  drtrrinim 
qil.alitity    nf   sodiiiiii   liydroxidr   solutii 


'(      I'rnportioiiiirs.     Inc.    ',     Trcct- 

()  (  ontrol    svstciii    consists    of    .a    How- 
niiulit     not     111      \,r\     .icciir.ati  ;     \it     in  ■  '        ,  t         ■       .i        i- 

,  ,    ■  ,  •  rcspoiisnr     iii.asti  r  iintir     in     tlic     lino 

pr.ictlic    It    I., IS    slnUMl    itsill     to    In     olli  I     •  ,1  1    ,        I         ,  ,      I  I 

,       .  I      ,  ,.  c.irr\  iiiii'   tlic   oil    to    lir    treated,   .and    ;i 

ol      our      lust      iiiillioils      ol       siiuriiiL; 

liuniidity    control. 

.\n  ixciiiplitication  of  tin-  rati<i 
foiilrol  of  two  li(]iii(Is,  ciiti-riim-  into 
.a  coniiiion  stream  .and  thus  liciiiii-  iu 
the  required  proportions  for  a  satis-  "'  """'■  *""  ""''-  '■•■'"  '"'  "ixratcd  at 
faetorv  reaction  is  to  I.e  found  in  the  ■'">'  ''^'^''  I"*"'"'  Miaxinuiiii  and  niin- 
Treet  <)  (  ontrol  system,  di  signed  .and  '""""  'I'P'U'l'i'.ii'  "I"'"  tl"^'  minilicr  of 
huilt  In  ',  Proportioneers  "liie  ',  <>ntrifuiics  in  operation  at  any  pvcn 
and    usi'd    in   the   rctliiiim-  of  eottonseeil        ''""'•      ''''"'    "I"''''''"-    '•■■'"    '■""trol     the 

entire  system  with  .a  sinjile  x.ahi- 
which  riiiul.ates  the  rate  .at  which  the 
oil  flows  tlir.nmh  the  master  Trcet-O- 
Control  Meter.  The  stcondarv  chem- 
ical meter  then  follows  this  first  unit, 
rcMilution  for  re\iilution.  'I'lic  e.aus- 
tic-oil  r.atio  is  .adjust,  d  liy  a  ilisplaia- 
111. lit  .1.1  jiistmint  .m  tin'  ch.iiii.'al 
meter. 

Iliiih  fri.|iieiu-y  is  .acliie\cd  Iiy  the 
us.'  .if  w.'.'ir  r.'sist.'iut  matcri.-ds  such 
.'IS  I  Ilium  and  .St.  Hit.-  with  tlic  result 
th.it  tlu'  cheniic.'il  ni.t.r  c.'in  operate 
.'it  .■iiiywh.re  from  "ID  to  r.'O  lil'.M 
when  the  oil  flow  thr.inu:li  tlu-  m.istcr 
meter  is  10  (iP.M.  .Standard  Tr.et- 
O-C'ontrol  units  for  trc.'itment  .d'  food 
prodn.t  .lils  c.in  he  olit.'iiiic.l  in  ,'ie- 
cordan.e   with   tlu'   f.ilh.winu   scliedule: 

LNIT   .\ 

Oil     .M.'iximum     1  .">    (IPM 

(  .'iiistie    M.'iximum    0.,S()    (il'.M 

IM  T    B 

Oil     M.'iximum     2.-)    GPM 

C'.'iusti.'    M.'ixiinuiii    --'.IT    (iPM 

L.'irit'.r  e.'ip.'i.'it  \  units  .ir.'  ;ilso 
availai.l.'. 

rile  s.'im.'  ii|uipiiii'iit  .'ippli.'s  t.) 
.ther  .'ipplie.'itioiis  su.'li  .is  th.'  .'leid 
tr.'atinu'  of  luliricatiim'  oils,  and  sol- 
\  lilts;  lilendini;'  of  lulirie.-itiiii;  oils, 
and  solv.'iits:  I.Kndiiii;'  of  fatty  acids. 
silic.'it.'s.  soil.'i  .'ish,  liiiht  oils  an.l  per- 
t  limes  in  the  iii.i nil f.'u't lire  of  s.);i])s  ; 
lil.'iidinji'  of  fatty  .'leids  .'ind  oils  in  the 
m.'iniif.'ieture  of   driers  ,iii<l   p.aints. 

Th.'  inst.'illation  ih-.-iwinir  of  the 
i.|uipinint  is  shnwii  ill  SI) -f.")!-  while 
th.  ■Iir.'iins"  nf  the  installation  are 
shown   ill   th.'  photoii'r.'i|ih. 

I  n.lustri.'il  I'.uitrol  .d  Indroiicn  inn 
coiic.iitr.'itioii  is  il.sir.'.I  in  iii.iny  of 
our  cli.'iiiic.'il  .niiiiu'.riiii;'  (iroecsscs. 
\  hint  as  to  Imw  it  niinlit  li.'  installed 
is  i;i\i'ii.  .\ssum.  tli.'it  two  liipiids  .'ire 
In  iiiii'  prnpnrtioii.'d  to  .i  eert.'iin  lin.'il 
hvdromn  ion  .■.incentr.'ition.  W.-  c;in 
tin  II  tlow  .1  p.'irt  of  .uir  tin.il  proiliict 
(Turn    to    page    46) 


18 


MOTION  STUDY  AND  THE  ENGINEER 


HENRY    P.   DUTTON 


Motion    stiuly    has    fiijoyed    an    in- 

reasing  popular  interest.      Last  year 

conference  on  time  and  motion  study. 

Id    in   Cliieaso.   and   to   be   repeated 

is   Ni)veml>er,  drew  over  a  thousand 

len    from    industry.       It    may    be     of 

iterest    to    tlie    readers    of   the    Engi- 

EER    to    find    out    what    is    meant    by 

linie    study    and    what    possibilities    it 

olds    for    the    engineer    and    for    the 

omniunity. 

Curiously    enough    the    whole    sub- 

ct.  front-jjage  news  although   it  has 

ecu    in    industrial    journals    for    the 

ast    few    rears,    is    at    least    forty    or 

ftv    years    old    in    nearly    all     of    its 

ntials.  A  young  contractor  by  the 
ame  of  Frank  Ciilbreth  was  hd  by 
ssociation  with  F.  W.  Tavlor  and  an 
isatiable  curiosity  to  pioneer,  witii 
le  able  assistance  of  his  wife,  prac- 
cally  all  of  the  techniques  today  in 
se.  Most  operating  men.  liowever. 
lid  to  themselves:  "This  is  interest- 
ig  laboratory  research,  but  it  docs 
ot  concern  us."  About  19:^0.  Factor  1/ 
anaficmoit  anil  Maintenance,  an  in- 
ustrial    publication,    began   to   feature 

unts    of    what    iiad    been    aeconi- 

led  by  the  aj)l)lication  of  motion 
tudy  techniques.  Today  there  is  a 
ave  of  interest  and  adoptions  of  this 
fhnique. 
^^'hat  is  this  modern  manic  which 
being  taught  by  schools  and  by 
igh-jjriced  consultants,  and  for  which 
lull   claims   liave  been  made "'      When 

examines  it  in  detail,  the  mystery 
ipidly  evaporates.  The  procedure  is 
ised  on  sim|)le  methods  for  the  re- 
lied oliservation  of  what  happens 
hen  a  man  works.  .Such  observation 
-sually  uneoxcrs  possibilitiis  fm-  im- 
rovenu  nt. 

To  a  viry  surprising  exttnt.  indus- 
rial  executives  (and  the  situation  is 
y  no  means  confined  to  industry)  are 
pt  to  gi\i'  a  man  an  order  and  leaxe 
im  to  work  out  his  own  )iroeedure. 
n  tile  case  of  a  workman,  the  natural 
ling  is  to   follow  the  traditional    ]iro- 


cedure.  or  if  the  task  is  new.  to  im- 
]jrovise  ])rocedures  and  work  them  out 
with  the  available  materials  and  tools 
without  much  hel))  from  management. 
.\lso.  the  average  workman  has  never 
been  taught  to  be  conscious  of  the 
time  element:  his  attention  has  been 
focused  on  the  quality  or  the  result, 
and  much  hss  on  procedure.  The 
wastes  which  result  from  such  hap- 
hazard ]ilanning  would  be  ]ierfectlv 
obvious  if  one  looked  at  tliem  in  de- 
tail. For  example,  a  man  may  drill 
hundreds  of  pieces  on  a  drill  press 
every  day.  Each  time  he  reaches 
alio\e  his  head  to  start  his  machine. 
He  may  in  some  eases  go  through  an 
extremely  awkward  and  time-consum- 
ing procedure  in  clami)ing  and  hold- 
ing each  |)iece. 

The  workm.an  does  not  question 
these  wastes,  sanctioned  as  they  often 
are  by  long  custom.  He  expects  to 
work  with  tile  machines  which  have 
been  given  to  him.  The  management 
does  not  question  them.  It  assigns 
the  work,  .-md  assumes  that  the 
W(M-ker  will  carry  the  orders  out.  Be- 
tween the  two  stools,  the  job  falls 
to  the  ground.  .S,i  the  first  thing  to 
do  when  one  makes  a  motion  study  of 
an  operaticni  is  to  examine  details 
stej)  by  stcj).  and  to  ask  himself  for 
each  stc)).  "Is  this  the  best,  the  most 
laborsaving  method  of  jicrforming 
this  step?"  .Startling  results  often 
follow  this  examination.  It  is  not  un- 
common to  find  that  the  work  can  be 
done  in  one-tenth  of  the  time,  and 
this  with  very  little  in  the  way  of 
extra  equipment  and  with  no  .addi- 
tional effort  on  the  )iart  of  the  worker. 
Trained  cNamination  siin|il\"  discloses 
the  fact  that  nine  out  of  ten  of  the 
motions  used  have  einitribnted  noth- 
ing' to  the  result,  and  couhl  be  elim- 
in.-ited.  This  ratio,  of  course,  is  not 
typical.  I'.xpi  rieiice  indicates,  how- 
ex  er.  that  ill  simps  uliere  systematic 
niotien     studies     liaxi      Ik  in    made,    the 


savings  ni.ay  well  average  one-third 
(HI    routine   manual   operations. 

^^  hen  one  begins  to  observe  details. 
he  is  led  to  finer  and  finer  observa- 
tion. In  this,  the  work  truly  follows 
the  development  of  engineering  an- 
alysis. Ciilbreth.  for  example,  worked 
out  a  classification  of  motions  of  the 
hands,  classifying  them  in  such  simple 
elements  as  grasp,  transport  loaded, 
release  load.  etc.  There  were  about 
seventeen  of  these  motion  classes  in  his 
original  analysis.  Take  as  an  example 
the  drill  )iress  o)ieration  just  men- 
ticnied.  To  m.ake  ;in  .analvsis  of  it 
from  this  standpoint  of  recording  the 
small  elementary  o])erations  by  which 
the  total  task  was  performed,  one 
would  take  the  right  hand.  and. 
watching  tlii'  operator,  proceed  to  list 
in  order:  grasp  part,  transport  to 
drilling  table,  hold,  and  so  on  through 
the  series  of  operations.  Then  one 
would  watch  the  left  hand  perform 
the    corres|)onding   set    of   operations. 

.\  nfiiiement  soon  came  into  use  in 
making  the  .inalysis.  The  moving  pic- 
ture camera  jirovided  the  perfect 
mech.iiiism  for  making  detailed  syn- 
chronizt-d  records  of  what  the  oper- 
.itor  was  doing.  For  refined  observa- 
tions, motion  stuily  engineers  quickly 
began  to  work  from  the  camera  rec- 
ord, r.ither  than  from  direct  observ.a- 
tion.  The  camera  also  (jermitted  a 
very  exact  measure  of  the  time  for 
each  clement,  since  the  average  mo- 
tion jiicture  camera  is  speeded  for  six- 
teen frames  or  exposures  per  second. 
(U-  approximately  one  thousand  per 
minute.  Hy  counting  tile  number  of 
exposures  or  by  photographing  ;i  f.ast- 
inoving  eloek  in  tlie  jiieture.  it  be- 
comes ))ossible  not  onlv  to  record  the 
motions,  but  to  measure  cpiite  ixaetly 
tile    time    they    take. 

Kitlur  liv  unaided  \  isual  observa- 
tion, or  by  means  ol  the  reeoriling 
arrangiiiieiits  just  deserilnd.  we  e.iii 
iKiw  picture  the  engineer  as  hax  iiig 
before    him    a    I'li.art    sliowiui;    in    |iar- 


19 


allfl.  and  if  desired.  U<  turn-  sc.ilf.  tlir 
motions  inrfoniiid  by  cacli  li.iiid  in 
puttiiiir  till-  j)ii-ct-  in  the  drill  (jhss. 
hriiiaiii.ir  down  the  drill  and  drillinir 
till  |iart.  rcliasins  tlu-  drill,  ninovinj; 
till-  |iart.  and  lirusliin";  away  tin-  cliips. 
This  ncord  in  itsilf  cliannts  notli- 
iiitr.  I  well  nnunilur  tin-  sense  of 
frnstration  with  wliieli  two  students 
pr.seiited  a  .liart  on  wliieli  tluy  liad 
spent    many    hours   of   lahor    and    said: 

■  I'rofisMir.  what  do  we  do  now'" 
However.  .1  eareful  serntinv  ot  the 
eh.irt  is  likely  to  reve.-il  some  inter 
estin.u-  ditails.  I'or  example,  one  hand 
niav  ha\e  been  eiiiraa;ed  for  nearly  all 
of  some  operations  in  holdinir  tin- 
part.  .\s  one  eni;ineer  juit  it  in  t.alk- 
inu-  to  his  foreman:  ■"I'he  poor  irirl 
who  did  this  nnist  have  been  .1  erip))le. 
.she  worked  entirely  with  one  hand. 
Why   not   (leviloj)   a   simple    foot-oi)er- 

■  iteii  holdinjl  dev  iee  and  relieve  the 
one  hand.-"  This  was  done  in  the 
case  mentioned.  But  it  soon  became 
.ipjiarent  tli.-it  further  economies  would 
be  possible.  By  conibininsi;  another 
t(chnii|ne.  th.it  of  nieasurinsc  the 
1(  ULith  of  motions,  with  the  technique 
of  nu-.-isnrinii'  the  time  retiuired.  it  was 
iioti<'ed  that  for  each  l)art  tapped  the 
woman  oi)er.itor  had  to  reach  above 
her  head  to  iiTasp  the  lever  which  con 
trolled  till  t.ippinsc  machine.  A  little 
inii'enuity  .at  once  .suo;jrested  that  the 
t.i))pin<r  head  be  controlled  by  a  foot 
|iedal.  This  was  done,  .and  at  once 
nearly  one-half  the  fatiiiue  involved 
in  the  job  disappeared.  Other  im- 
provements resulted  when  a  chute  was 
arr.inired  b.iek  of  the  drill  jires.s,  so 
th.it  instead  of  pickinji  up  the  piece 
.and  reinovinir  it  from  the  press,  all 
that  was  necess.iry  was  to  push  it  into 
the  chute.  Kinafly.  a  little  electric 
(•(Mit.ict  was  arransred  which  automat- 
ically l)roui;ht  down  the  ta))pinir  liead 
when  the  jiart  was  put  into  position. 
When  the  o))er.ition  was  finished,  tin- 
tinu-  required  was  less  th.an  one-h.alt 
the  |irevions  time:  the  fatigue  w.as  re 
(bleed    in    .111    even    i;re.ater   ratio. 

Most  of  the  ex.imples  of  motion 
study  work  so  f;ir  ))ublishid  h.ave  been 
in  tile  field  of  the  lijihter  repetitive 
m.inu.il  operations,  liut  it  will  at  once 
suiiirist  itself  that  manv  office  proce- 
dures iiniiKc  liiiht  m.inn.il  opir.itioiis. 
some  of  which  .are  re|ietiti\e  on  :i 
l.irije  scab-.  .\  b.ank.  on  an.alysis.  found 
th.at  some  thirty  per  cent  of  its  two 
thous.md  employees  were  en<i,aj;ed  in 
routine  ileric.al  tasks,  .and  m.ade  a 
jirotit.ible  .i|ij)lication  of  motion  study. 

\\'h.it  .applies  to  littht  o))eration.s 
applies  even  more  to  licavy  ones, 
where  till'  wciiiht  involved  .and  the 
nnisc-ular  itt'orts  are  so  much  l.irtrer. 
.and  while  it  may  not  be  practie.ibb- 
to  li.ivi-  .a  tr.iined  motion  stuily 
(  nirineer  .an.alvze  operations  to  bi    p<r 

20 


formed  only  once  or  twice,  it  is  pr.ae- 
ticable  to  indoetrin.ate  everv  slio|)  em- 
ploye with  the  simpler  j)rocedures  of 
motion  study,  so  tliat  before  he  starts 
an  ojieration  he  will  mentally  an.ilyze 
it  and  use  an  etficicnt  method. 

As  a  matter  of  f.act.  the  true  imjior- 
tanee  of  moticni  study  prob.ably  lies 
in  this  l.ist  suiliristion.  for  there  .are 
m.mv  c'l.asses  of  work  which  because 
of  their  limited  volume  will  u.it  st.and 
the  expense  of  enilincerinji  .an.ilysis. 
It  has  been  shown  by  experiiilie  that 
s.iviuils  nearly  as  <ire.it  m.ay  be  ni.ule 
when  till-  men  themstdves  undirst.and 
the   rules  of  motion  econoniv. 

Naturally,  the  various  possible 
kinds  of  w.iste  motions  in  o|)erations 
h.ive  bi  111  studied,  recorded  and  cl.as- 
sitied.  .\lmost  instinctivelv  a  trained 
moti<Hi  study  enaineer  asks  liimsidf: 
"'t'ould  this  oper.aticui  In-  |)erfornied 
simultaneously  by  both  h.in(k.'  Is 
the  work  pace  arranijed  for  greatest 
economy  of  eftort?  Is  the  rhythm  of 
the  work  ffood :  .\re  unnecessary  mo- 
tions performed?" — and  so  on  through 
a  list  of  some  twenty  or  thirty  pub- 
lished rules.  There  is  no  doubt  that 
this  list  will  grow  with  the  pr.ii'tice 
of  the  art. 

So  nuieh  for  the  procedure.  It 
would  be  impossible  to  describe  it 
fidly  in  .1  single  article  and  there 
,ire  many  jiublished  articles  and  hooks 
describing  it  in  detail.  A  new  |)roce- 
dure  which  promises  savings  as  large 
as  these  is  an  imjjortant  one  partic- 
ularlv  at  a  time  when  the  nation  faces 
a  gigantic  need  for  new  production. 

Certain  questions  will  at  once  oc- 
cur to  the  reader  regarding  this  work. 
If  one  person  under  direction  of  .i 
motion  study  man  can  do  the  work 
of  ten,  or  even  if  more  typically,  two 
can  do  the  work  id'  three,  there  is  the 
question  of  where  the  employees  thus 
released  will  turn  for  a  living.  This 
is  ,in  old,  old  problem.  Kvery  time 
the  engineer  invents  ,a  new  machine, 
we  face  the  same  (jroblem.  .and  ll.avi' 
f.iced  it  since  time  bg.in.  In  .1  bro.nl 
sense,  the  .answer  is  clear.  \\'lien  mon- 
is  produced,  there  will  be  more  to 
divide.  In  the  light  of  today's  urge 
for  rapid  preparation  for  defense,  this 
(luestion  will  not  be  as  much  to  the 
fore  ,is  it  has  been  during  the  lean 
years  fidlowing  the  great  depression, 
but  it  is  there,  ;ind  we  might  .as  well 
face  it.  We  have  not  ptrfected  yet 
.all  the  in.iehinery  necessary  to  employ 
to  the  .idv.intage  of  the  individual  and 
societv  .all  of  the  energy  released  by 
the  m.achinc  or  by  the  improved  tech- 
nique of  the  motion  study  man.  15ut 
we  should  not  for  this  reason  discon 
tinue  our  teehniial  advances.  R.ither 
we  should  seek  so  to  coordinate  our 
indiistri.al  ert'ort  that  the  full  soei.il 
.idv.ant.ige   of    these    advances    mav    be 


realized  without  letting  the  cost  of 
the  change  fall  wholly  on  the  shoul 
ders  of  the  worker.  Discretion  in  in 
troducing  changes  suddeidy  (if  nee 
ess.iry  in  forced  by  such  legislation  .as 
the  unem|iloynunt  insurance  i)rovi 
sions)  is  b.isicilly  tlu-  answer  to  thesi 
problems. 

.Anyone  who  has  worked  in  a  shoji 
will  at  once  sense  .another  problem. 
What  do  workers  think  of  the  time 
.and  motion  stLuly  man?  To  this  there 
seems  to  be  devt  loping  rather  a  sur 
(irising  answer.  Workers  do  not  like 
.and  never  h.ave  liked  time  study.  This 
.article  li.as  not  atteni|)ted  an  exposi 
tion  of  time  study  ])ractiee  but.  in 
brief,  the  pur))ose  of  making  a  time 
study  is  to  set  a  time  for  the  perform- 
.mee  of  a  t.ask  .as  the  b.asis  for  pay- 
ment for  the  t.ask.  (Obviously,  a 
knowledge  of  the  time  required  is  .1 
by  product  of  a  good  motion  study. 
.Simply  by  .adding  tin-  elementary 
times,  with  |)roj)er  allowances  for  in- 
terru])tions.  fatigue  and  other  non- 
routine  items,  one  arrives  at  the  cor- 
rect time.)  In  the  jiast  many  time 
studies  have  been  made  without  adi  - 
qu.ate  nmtion  .an.alysis.  When  neitlnr 
side  knows  ex.ictly  how  long  a  task 
shnulil  take,  there  is  a  considerable 
.area  for  discussion  as  to  what  the 
ex.ut  tinn'  .and  jiayment  should  be. 
The  job  of  tile  time  study  man  is 
traditionally  a  lontrovcrsial  job.  The 
time  study  man  is  tolerated;  the  work- 
man realizes  that  some  sort  of  .a 
measurement  is  necessary,  but  it 
would  be  a  mistake  to  expect  him  to 
enjoy  the  process,  particularly  since 
he  does  not  underst.nid  it  .and  li.as 
little   voice   in   it. 

It    is    eh.ar    tli.it    the    same   element 

enters  iiicident.ill  v   into  motion  studies, 

but    tlirr.     i-.    -Ill    iiitrresting   difference 

(Turn    to    page   47) 


TIMK    AM)    MOTION    STIDV 
(LINK 

Ocin  Diitton  s  .article  in  this  issue 
suggests  the  iiureasing  import.anee 
of  time  and  motion  studv  in  improv- 
ing the  erticiency  of  industrial  produc- 
tion. Our  .Summer  (iradu.atc  Institute 
course  in  tlli^  subject,  given  by  Pro- 
fessor Halph  M.  Barnes  of  Iowa 
State  University,  was  particularly  in- 
teresting .and  was  well  .attended,  the 
registration  b  e  i  n  g  ,a)ipro\im.ately 
fifty. 

The  Industri.il  M.in.iiiement  .Soci- 
ety will  hold  its  third  national  time 
.and  motion  study  clinic  .at  the  Chi- 
cago Towers  Club,  November  eighth 
.and  ninth.  Engineers  ia>ncerned  with 
production  will  fintl  much  of  interest 
in  the  |)rogr.ini.  l'r(>fes^or  Leonard 
.1.  Lease.  Industri.il  Coordinator  mi 
our  f.iculty.  is  cb.iiriii.in  of  tin-  pro- 
gr.ani  committee. 


IT'S  MIGHTY  IIKE  A  TREE 


Thoiijih  it  s])reacls  across  the  entire  nation, 
tlie  Bell  Telejilione  System  is  sinijile  in 
structure.   "^  on  can  think  of  it  as  a  tree. 

The  21  associated  operatinj;  companies 
.  .  .  >vliich  provide  telephone  service  in 
their  respective  territories. 

TRIXK 

The  American  Tclcjdione  and  Telcirraph 
Coni|)any  .  .  .  which  coordinates  s)stem 
activities,  advises  on  telephone  operation 
and  searches  for  impro\cd  nictiiods. 

ROOTS 

B.il   T.l.plione    Lahoratorics  ..  .whose 


functions  are  scientific  research  and 
development;  ^  estern  Electric  . . .  manu- 
facturer and  distrihutor  for  the  svstcni; 
Loni;  Lines  Department  of  A.T.  &T.  .  .  . 
which  interconnects  the  operatinjj;  com- 
panies and  handles  Limj;  Distance  and 
overseas  telephone  service. 


^V  ith  common  policies  anil  i(l<'als.  tlie 
15ell  System  companies  wiuk  a-  oi 
to  give  you  the  finest, 
friendliest  tele|)]iorie 
scr\  ice  ...  at  lowest  C(>>l. 


21 


ARMOUR  -  LEWIS 
PROGRESS  IN  CONSOLIDATION 


By 
C.  A.  TIBBALS  and  C.  L.  CLARKE 


■ri„     Dromlnr.    IM:;ii,    isM.r    ot    thr  H,n,-v   T.   H,Mi,l   ua.  rlrrtr.l    I'.v.i-  *(  lumistrv-H.    B.    Itcu.I 

\u^u,vn      F.N„,NKKH      AN.>      A...MNts  .l.n  t   n  t '  1 1 1 ,  Hois    Institutr   of   T.-.hnol-  *Kn^lish  &    Lan-uajres— ^^  alt.r   1  l.M- 

,,uhlislu-,i     an    a.vount     of    tlir    a-nr-  o-v     a]„l      I.intoi.      K.     (.ri.Urr.     Vi,-..  ''•■"•k-'                ,       .        p      r       1 

Lnt    r.a.h.-.i   on    tlu     l.nr,,li„u(Kt,.  I'r.-si.l.nt.      ()„    ScyUmUrv     llth.     tlio  *.\  atlunmtu-s-I.rshr    K.    lord 

Inr    Jlltl,    l.v    tlu-    Hoards    of    Trustr.s  Pr.sicU-nt    announcv.!     ])i^isional     and  *Fl.ysic-.s-.  auu-s   .S.    1  lumipson 

of    Ar.nour'    InstituU-     of    T.-.-hnolo-y  Drpartnu-ntal   oroani/ation   of  tli,     In-  *Ph.y.sical      Kduoatu.n     -     John     .1. 

and   of    I.rwis    Institut,-   to   consolidate  stitutt-    as    follows:  .St'lionmur                         ,       ,     ,,          , 

tiK-  two  schools  and  to   iorn>   fron>   tlu-  *l)r,,artnunts    connnon    to    l.oth     c-ol- 

,n,ion,    Illinois    Institutr    .,f    T.clinol-  ARMOIR    fOI.I.KdK    OK     KNOI  !■  ,U_.  s- 

,„.v        In     thr      Mav     numl.rr     of     thr  N  K  F.  K I  Nd-D.an.    Cliarlrs     A.  KvKN.N..     I  ).Ms,oN— 1  Van.     H.nr> 

KN(.IM:KH    AM)    Al.lMNLS    in  Til.hals  1'.   Dutton 

,.     ,                                                      ^1  Dirrrlnr   iir  (m!\UI     \L'K       .SCllOOI,          Dcan.       LintoM 

wlucli     proiirrss     on     thr     merger     was  llinilmin  leM 

.leserili.-.l.     it     was     pointed     out     that  I  )rparl  n„„t                                     (han;mn,  K    (.rniter 

sinee     the    charter    of     Lewis     Institute  Arehit.etnre       l.udwi-    Mies    xan    der  ,-^1       aetn  e     nu  inlurs     ot     tUe     st    n 

,,           -n      .■    •.      .          1         tl       1    1  .  I,    1  o       the     eonilniung-     eollejies     continue 

was    the    wdl    ot    its    loinider.    tlie    late  |;,,|„.  p                         -if 

,,,        ^-     I        •       ii                               f      (■  ,1        ■      1     1-       •                     II              \i  -IS    nieni hers    of     the    rcoriranized    tac- 

A  len    (  .    Lewis,    the    earrviiia    out    ol  (  heuiiea      Lniiineerinii- — Harrv     Me-  .                 " 

.1                           .               ,.    I     (■.,,,-(      .,,,  ,•             1       '  uitv  ol   tile   Illinois   Institute. 

the      aureenunt      re(|Uire(l      (  oiirt      ap-  C  (UMnack  ■,,           ,         ,.         ,                          ;„,- J,.;..., 

,         .           ,.                        V        ,  ,1     , 1    I-      ■  ui    i-     !■    II      tl,.  he  e(  ucatioiial  profirain.  in\olMna; 

proval.       Aceordnmlv,     on      No\einhei  (m     Knuincerinu- — Philip  (.  1  luntlx  '       "     . 

,-.1           1    ■       n           ■>                   .;t,,t     1   ;.,  ii      .7     l-                              r          f     li  actual    consolidation    on   the   two   c.ani- 

■J.jtli,   .a   triciidh-  suit   was   i  list  it  utc  il   ill  Klcctrical     Kiiiiinecrinu- — I'.rnest     11.  i-         ,      vi. , 

,         ,,.         ..      ,."       1        i      ,  •      I       (■         t  ,.                         ■                   ■  luises,    IS    iiroceediiii;-   .aci'ordllin   to    tlic 

the    Circuit     Court     ot     Cook     (  oiinty  1- rccnian  '.     ,       .       '    , 

hefore    .hidne    Hohert    .l.roni.     Dunne.  Fire  Protection  Kiminecrinu—.Ioscpli  to!  ,. win-    plan . 

.1               ••        »       ti              t    \     \,         \     „i  i>     I-  Instruction    in    dav   classes   ot    eiiiii- 

tlie     iiartles    to    the    si  it     hiiiiii     l.iwls  )5     Finiieaan  ,            i              j  ^i       !■        i 

,    \l    .14                  I      .*    f         I  ,,                  ,      1        •                      II          1  n.eriiiii-  students  luvond  the  freshman 

Institute     and     .VriiKUir      Iiistituti'     ot  Mceh.aiiical       Kimineerin!;- — .lohn       I.  ,i        i        ■    "                   ;.   ^;  .,.,^„ 

,.,     ,        ,                   1    .1         (1..                (  ,.    ,.  ve.ir   on   tie    Lewis   campus   is   rtiscon- 

Technoloiiv.    and    the     Attorney    den-  ^  ,•  Ott  ■.          ,           ,       ,,            •          :  ,„     .f„  I  .„,.. 

1      X-  .i'  ■  c»   I        I-   III-      •  ,,      1        ■           ,1       I        1-     i>      I  tinned    .111(1     .ill     eiminecriiiir    students 

cral  ot  the  .State  ot    Illinois.  Mechanics— C  h.irles   l,.    Paul  .                        ,.     ,   •  ,   t  ..„.:      i„^Hti,te 

,      ,          ,,               I         1     I      I                     1  ......                 ,,               1.     i>    n  prexioiislv   enrolled  ill    l.cwis    InstltlUi 

.ludu:c    Dunne    h.inded    <lown    ,i    de-  Social    hcieiicc — Heiirv    P.    Dutton  •                                          ,                  . 

.,                    II,-                 I  »,.i         ■    .            15      t>      I.-  ■       1  n  ciaiie       .iiitoin.itie.illv       stiuli'iits       ot 

eree   .ip|u-oviii--  th<    i-onsnlid.ition.   .iiid  *C  hcmistrv — 1^.    B.    Freud  ■.        .j  „,fi,     Si,),. 

on    .Inly    Jl.     niKl.    iiiiniediatily     lol-  *  Knjriish  &  I.an-u.aires— Walter   1  lei,  "^I'^l                       "             '     '                " 

lowiii'i     the     issii.nice     of     the     decree.  (Iricks  i  .uiipiis         .                    ,                    l„,itf  -,1    t,. 

.VhiUlt    sixtv    treshineii.    .■idniitted    to 


the  Illinois  Institute  of  Teehnoloi.y.  *M,itlieniaties— Lester  H.  lend 
.\  C'onsolid.ition  of  .\rniour  Institute  *Phvsies  .lames  .S.  'I'lioiiipsoii 
of    Technolojiv    and     Lewis     Institute,        *l'ir\  sie.il      F.diie.-itioii     -         .lohn      .1. 


.\rmour  (dlleue  of  I'.niiineerini;-.  .ire 
followiiu;-  their  coiiipht.-  freshin.in 
proLir.iin      of      stiidv      on      the       Lewis 


I)ec;inie  a    lefi.al   cut  it  V.  .Schoinini  r 

Th,-    purpose    of    the    writers    is    to  c-ainpiis  „„_ii,l,, 

deserilH      hrieflv     the    steps    which     have  I.KWl.^s       IN.STITITK       OF       AHT.S                   I.     .Ill     .lep.l    tniellts     wlui,      possi     1 

hccn     t.aken     toward     the     actual     eon  A  M )    .S( '  I  K  N  ( '  F.S       Dean.    Clai-  and    pivicticaMe.    ex.daii.e    ot     t.-ullt^ 

solid.ation     of     the     two     colleges,     th.  ,nee      L.     Clarke     ,F,n-|iierlv     Co  mem  urs     1"  t"''''     <1-       " ''    ^  •'  "P  - 

or..ani/ation    of    the    Illinois    Institute.  Director     and     Dean.     L,  wis     In  li-    1- n    arr.iiiued    in    the    int,  n  st    ot 

and    the    aemral    st.-itus    of    the     Iiisti  stitllte)  .acqiiaintaneeship    and    unity. 

,                             ,      .      ,■      .  Dir.rlnr  in-              lie    I-.xenini;-  Di\  isimi  proirr.im   has 

tnte    ,it    th.     ,,p.  ninu,    ol    its    first    y.'.ir.  I),,,,tniin                                        p                         I 

The    Hoanl   of   Trustees   of   tl„-    Mil  I >r iu,rln„nt                                       Ch„in,„n,  lueii    divi,  ed    hetwecn    tile      «■>    -imp 

nois    Institut.-   of    Technoloa-V    is    ma.le  A,,pli,d   .\rt-Mari,     K.    Blank,  "-  s.  avmding-  unn.-eessary  dnplic.   ion 

U,.   of   all    th.-    iiienil>ers    of    tlu-    r.sp,.-  Hiohmv       Leslie    H.    Il.dri.-k  -'I    '-'n-s.-s.    an.l    ,  xtendiim'   the    eolle^, 

the    Hoards   of   tl„-   eomhinin.    institu  Husin.  ss     ^     F.-.momns      .lu.ls.,,,     F.  credit    pro,gr-,m   in   engineeriiitr     und.- 

tions.    Its  others   are:    .lames    1).    Cun  Le,  '"■    -".«'';    'l'7-»'.""    •''     ""'     '''■"'    "' 

nindiam.   C-hairman:    .\h  x    1).    Hailev,  Fdueation.   Psyehoio-v  \    Phih.sophy  the    Lveniiii;    Division. 

N'ice    Chairman:     .Ufr.d     F.     Kustie'e.  -Clarence    L.    Clark.                                        -VH    irra.Iuatc    work,    in    .Scienc, 

Secretary   (nor-,-    S.    .Mlison,   Tr.as  llistorv.    Political    .Sei,  nee    \    S.u-i..'  well    as    in     Lii..iiieerin.r.    remains    .ui 

urcr;      Harold      Va^^thor.,.      Fx.-.ntive  o.-y-.lolin    D.    Larkin  the   .Noiitl,    .Sid.-   >-'-lui-  ^^   ^^              ^^^ 

Secretary.  Home   Kconoinies 

22 


It's  33  to  l-you 
know  your  beer,  boss! 


Blended  33  Times  to  Make 
One  Great  Beer 


It  takes  33  separate  brews  to 

make  a  single  glass  of  Pabst 

BLUE   RIBBON! 

You  know  it's  blending  that  makes  fine 
\%iiies,  cofTee.  and  tobacco  so  gooH.  And 
tliri>e  ^vho  drink  Blue  Ribbon  can  tell 
yon  what  blending  does  for  beer! 

Try  a  glass  of  Pabst  Blue  Ribbon  today. 
First  enjoy  the  look  of  it  — the  clarity,  the 
sparkle,  the  billowy  head.  Then  enjoy 
your  di^covery  of  what  beer  flavor  and 
beer  snioothne-s  can  be! 


In  that  gla^s  — and  in  every  glass  of  Blue 
Rildion-is  a  blend  of  not  two.  or  five,  or 
twelve  .  .  .  but  33  sejiarate  brews  from  33 
separate  kettles. 

Each  brew  is  as  fine  as  choicest  ingre- 
dients and  Pabst's  96  years  of  ex|>erience 
can  make  it.  Then  all  33  are  brought 
together  in  perfect  balance. 

An  expensive  way  to  l)rew?  Of  course! 
But  that's  what  makes  Blue  Ribbon 
America's  premium  beer^  with  a  smooth- 
ness that  is  unique...  and  a  goodness  that 
never  varies. 

Sometime  today,  have  the  jileasure  of 
meeting  Blue  Ribbon. 


^tiU  BLEND  Tieat /f^si^^ ^ /f^sez^ 

Faist  Bine  Ribbon 


\\<  In,  l';il.-t 


OH^Tht^tt 


Ilk-  Cniiiany.  Milw^ulk 


23 


TRUSTEES 


s.iim  V(  ir  I  iiti  rtil  tlic  i  uiplDV  of  the 
('.MiiiMi>ii«<  ,ilth  1',  (1  i  s  n  II  t'oiupaiiy, 
wlim  111  has  since  sirvi-d  c-ontimi- 
niislv  ill  IIh  Kii;;iincriii<;  and  Oper- 
ating 1).  jiartmints.  Ilr  is  nmv  C'liit  f 
Opiratinir    Knijincir. 

Mr.  l?ailtv  lias  In-.ii  aitixr  on  in- 
aiiuiriiiir  an<l  riscarili  connnittct-s  in 
tlu-  tiilldwinir  .iiirinrcrini;  societies: 
I'.dison  Klectric  Institute;  National 
Klectric  I.ifrlit  Association;  Associ- 
ation of  F.dison  llliiniinatin!!  Com- 
panies; Western  Society  of  Knjli- 
iieirs;  and  Tlie  American  Society  of 
Mechanical  Kn.ilineers  (Past  Vice- 
I'resident  and  Senior  Councillor).  He 
is  a  nuinher  of  Tan  Beta  Pi;  a  Direc 
tor  of  Itilities  Coordinated  Research; 
was  President  of  the  Board  of  Trus- 
tees of   Lewis   Institute;   is  a   number 


.lOSKl'H  (..  Al.THKK  is  well 
known  for  his  r.siarch  in  the  petro- 
leum retininir  industry.  He  is  a  n.i 
tive  of  Chicago,  and  joined  tlu  I  ni- 
versal  Oil  Products  C(ini|)any  in 
liMli.  He  is  self-educateii  in  the  fun 
damentals  of  oil  proeessinii'.  ha\ini; 
studied  and  exjK  riinented  in  tin 
backyard  laboratory  of  th,-  famous 
C.  P'.  Dubbs.  inventor  of  tin-  widely 
known  Duiibs  erackinir  process.  .Mr. 
Alther  became  Seeretarv  of  Lni\ers.il 
Oil  I'roducts  in  liHS.  and  \ice  Pres- 
ident in  1!»-.'S.  In  1  !>:!_'  he  conceived 
the  id<a  which  tinally  matured  in 
Ii);i(!  in  jiatents  eoverinii  the  Univer 
sal  F,(piiHu\  furnace.  He  has  been 
res])oiisible  fur  many  other  inven- 
tions. 

HION  .1.  .MiNOIl)  wa.  bnni  ii.  ar 
(.rand  K.apids.  Mielni;.in.  He  at 
tended  the  Uinversitv  of  Nebraska; 
ree.iv<(l    his    B.S.    degree    at    Hillsdale 


.Miehi^aiii    Collen-e    in    1S81-.   and    hi. 
.M.S.     deiiree    in    18S7;    did    iiraduate 
work    at    Cornell;    received    his    K.K. 
deuree  at  the  University  of  Nebraska 
in     I.SiiT:    and    has    honorary    degrees 
from     Hillsdale.     .Vrmour.     and     Ne- 
brask.i.      He    has   had   a   most   notable 
record    in    consultation    work,    design, 
and     construction     of     transportation 
systems   and    other   jiublic    utilities    in 
,i"ll    jiarts    of    the    United    States    and 
Canada.      He    has  ni.ade   numerous   in- 
ventions    in     the     field     of     electrical 
e(piipnient.    and    has    been    a    member 
of     many     boards     and     commissions. 
During  the   first   World   War.  lie    had 
assignments    to    nav.-il    and    army    du 
ties,    and    attained    the    .army    rank    ot 
roh.nel.      He   is   a   trustee    of   Hillsd.ale 
(■(ilhiie    and    has    been    a    member    ot 
the     Board     of     .Managers     of     Lewis 
liistituti'.       Mr.    .\rnold    is    a    number 
of    tlu'    American    Institute   of   Fdcetri 
eal   F.ngiiuers   (President  190:Mi)0n: 
nu-mber    of    the    Western    Society    of 
Fngineers       (President      190(M0n->: 
member  .\nuTican  Association  for  tie 
.Advancement   of   Science:   member   ot 
the     Society     for      the     Promotion     of 
Kngineering     F.due.ition;     member     ot 
the      Inventors     (iuild:     memlur     .and 
past    [iresident    of    .\iro    Clnb    of    lUi 
nois:    m.inlur   of   the    Military    Order 
,,f    th.'    World    W.ar    (  p.ast    eomm.ander 
of    the    Chic-ago    Section  1  :    .and    uuni- 
l)er    of    ni.iny    other    engituering    ,ind 
militarv     organiz.itions.        His     clubs 
.are     Fngineers     (New    York):     I'nion 
L<-.igne:     South     Shore;     Connnerei.al : 
l-',ngine<rs:      .and     .\rniy     .and     N.i\y. 
Mr.     .Vrnold     livs    at      tTi:!     Kinib.irk 
.\venue. 


M  off, -11  Sludu 

(,f  the  Fducation  (  mnmittce  of  the 
Chie.iiici  Assoei.atieni  of  Commerce; 
.and  a  numb.r  and  Director  of  the 
Union  League  Club  of  Chicago.  He 
resiiies  .at  1  I  t  South  Kensington  Ave- 
nue. I.. a  (ir.ange.  Illinois,  where  he 
is  .1  member  of  the  Civic  and  Country 
(  lubs.  and  was  .a  \'illagc  Trustee 
fen-    femrteen    ve.irs.    serving    the    last' 

tvvn    ,,s     Pre  .idint      eef    the'     Be-.arel. 


.\I.F.\.\NDFH  1).  B.MI.FY  w.as 
beirn  .at  .S.ahin.  Wiseemsin.  He-  gr.-iel 
uat.-d  from  I.e-u  is  Institute-  in  liU):! 
with  the  ilciire-.-  e.f   M.    F..  and  in  that 


.11  1)(.F  .JOHN  P.  B.VUNFS  was 
born  in  Beaver  County,  Pe  nnsylvania. 
He  graduated  from  (ieneva  (Pa.) 
(■(illcire-  in  UKU  with  tlu-  degree  of 
r..S  lie-  W.-.s  he. ue. re-el  with  the-  L.I..D. 
eli-i.n-.-e-  in  l!»:ii!.  .Vt  the-  University 
e.f  ".Michigan  be  received  the  L.L.B. 
degree  in  1!»07.  aiul  the  hoimrary  de- 
grr.-  of  L.L.NL  in  I!>;i:i.  He  .n- 
gage-d  in  the  gciur;d  j.raeticc  of  laW; 
Tn  "chie-,-i!io  from  1!>0T  to  Ii»:n.  ex- 
ee  pt  fe.r  till  p.  rie.el  from  UM-i  to; 
liilL     when     he     was     first     ,-issistant' 


24 


ciuinty  attorney  of  Cook  County. 
Since  1931  he  has  been  Judge  of 
the  United  States  District  Court  for 
the  northern  district  of  Illinois.  Judge 
Barnes  is  a  member  of  the  American, 
Illinois  State,  and  Chicago  Bar  Asso- 
ciations, and  of  the  Union  League 
('lull.  His  home  is  at  205  Soutli 
Sjiring   Axeniie,    La   Grange. 


.virriii  li  ,1.   H.  CURTIS  is  ot 

New  l''.iigland  and  Scotch  Canadian 
aneestry.  His  New  England  fore- 
bears were  active  in  the  Revolution; 
afterward  they  moved  to  the  Western 
Reserve  country,  where  they  engaged 
in  clearing  off  timber  and  building 
canals.  His  grandfather  moved  his 
sawmill  to  South  Bend,  where  he 
supplied  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad 
with  millions  of  feet  of  timber  for 
its  original  bridges  and  other  struc- 
tures. Mr.  Curtis's  father  left  col- 
lege to  join  the  LTnion  Army.  At  tlu' 
time  of  bis  death,  his  son  w.is  four 
teen,  and  went  to  work  in  a  litho- 
graphing shop.  He  saved  his  money 
until  he  was  able  to  enter  Lewis  In- 
stitute, t.-iking  advantage  of  an  op- 
portunity that  has  come  to  several 
thousand  other  boys.  He  graduated 
in  1910  with  the  degree  of  M.E., 
and    has    ever    since    hi'eii    engaged    in 


Mofctt  Studio 


research,  promotion,  or  industrial 
relations  work  with  the  cement  in- 
dustry. Since  1027  he  has  been  .\s- 
sistant  to  the  (ieneral  Manager  and 
Secretary  of  the  Committee  on  Ac- 
cident Prevention  and  Insurance.  He 
Secretarv     of     the      Cement     and 


TOOLS  BORN  OF  STUDY 

This  man  is  checking  a  G.T.D.  Greenfield  tap  for 
accuracy,  with  the  aid  of  a  magnifying  optical  in- 
strument. Taps,  dies  and  other  small  tools  are  also 
tested  and  inspected  endlessly  under  actual  work- 
ing conditions,  to  develop  the  refinements  in 
design  and  performance  that  have  made  G.T.D. 
Greenfield  the  world's  largest  small  tool  manu- 
facturer. 

GREENFIELD  TAP  &  DIE  CORPORATION 

GREENFIELD,    MASS. 


lAPS    ■    DIES    ■    CAGES    •    TWIST  BBIllS    •   REAMERS    ■    SCREW  PLATES    ■    PIPE  TOOLS 


(^larry  Section  ol'  the  National 
.Sat'ity  Coinieil:  he  li.-is  been  .-i  mem- 
b.r  of  the  i5oard  of  Managers  of 
Lewis  Institute:  .-iiid  is  a  member 
of  the  American  Society  of  Agricul- 
tural Fyngineers.  During  the  first 
\\'orld  \\:\r,  Mr.  Curtis  was  in 
speetcu-  of  inilit.iry  concrete  schools. 
He  is  .1  nieinlier  of  the  Union  League 
Clnh.   ;iihI    IIms    in    liiver    Forest. 


.VDOl.l'H  II.  IF.NSHOLT  was 
horn  in  Chicago.  He  is  a  gradu.ate 
of  Lewis  ,\e;ideniy  in  the  class  of 
liK)!).  and  of  L<'wis  Institute  in  the 
class  of  liM.i.  His  training  has  been 
v.iried,  with  experience  in  teaching, 
engineering,  research,  and  advertis 
ing.  He  served  as  engineer  for  the 
Chicago  Traction  Board  in  1913-191  1, 
and  as  sales  and  advertising  man- 
ager fm-  the  Kimble  Kleetric  Com- 
pany from  l!>17  to  l!il!i.  Diirint; 
the  "first  Worl.l  W.ir  lie  w.is  .•,  tech 
nic.-il  r\|Hrt  with  tlie  (Ieneral  St.-ilV 
.■it  W;isliington.  He  li;is  .-ils,.  h,-en 
instructor  in  physics  .-ind  .-issist.-iiif 
professor   of   ehi'trie.al    engineering   at 


Lewis.  In  1922 
I'riisliolt  (dinp.in; 
tisiiiii'  counsellors 
-Mr.'  I'cnslnilt  h.is 
the     Lewis     Board 


he  org.-inized  I 
.  s.-,les  .md  adv 
for  mauufaL'turi 
bi-en  ;i  member 
of    (ioveriuirs    .i 


I'resid.iit 
lOei.'ition. 


if    the    I.e- 


.Alumni 


25 


HOWARD  W.  FEXTON  u.,s  tmrn 
ill  Iiuli;ui;i])oli.s.  Ht-  bcif.-iii  work  witli 
N.  W .  H.irris  and  Company  in  IS!)."), 
i-ontinuini;  with  its  siuxt-ssor,  the  Har- 
ris Trust  and  Savinijs  Hank;  lit'  l)f- 
canu-  trtasnri-r  in  1!K)7.  dircrtor  and 
niiinlur  rxiciitixr  connnittn-  in  UK)i), 
X  iir  prrsidtnt  in  l!UI.  and  ])rfsident 
in  I  ill'.!.  Hi-  lias  hern  chairinan  of  tho 
I  liarin;;:  house  eonnnittcc  of  the  Chi- 
ray:o  C  Itarin;;  House  Assoei.ition  sinec 
l!l.'i(>.  Mr.  I'enton  is  :i  nuinher  of  tlie 
Indi.ni.a  .>^oei,ty  of  Chieaiio.  and  of 
the  Hankers,  (liieauo,  L'nicni  I,e.ii;ue, 
Attie,  .^iiore  Aeres!  Indi.in  Hill,  .and 
Old  i:iin  Clnl.s,  His  home  is  in  I..ake 
iMUast. 


t  H.\RI.E.S  GKTLHR  is  a  n.itivc 
of  Huffalo,  New  York,  He  is  Diree- 
tor  and  President  of  the  Houdaille- 
Hershev  Corporation  of  Detroit;  Di- 
rector and  Vice-President  of  tlie 
Honde  KiiijineeriniJ:  Corporation  of 
Hnff.ilo;  Director  of  tlie  Muskegon 
Motor  .Specialties  Company;  and  Di- 
rector and  \'ice-Prcsident  of  the 
.•^kinner  Company,  I.t<l.,  of  Osliawa, 
Ontario. 


ARMOUR 

RESEARCH 
FOUNDATION 


Founded  to  render  a  re- 
search   and    experimental 
engineering    service    to 
industry 


Thirty-Third,  Federals  Dearborn  Sts. 

VICTORY  6050 


(  KAK;     BKKHK     H.\ZI. F.WOOD 

vv.is  Inirn  in  K.-ist  .\uror.i.  New  '^'ork. 
lie  is  ;i  i;r.-idu,ate  of  Lewis  Institute 
.and  w.is  .a  student  at  tile  I  nixcrsity 
of  Chic.aiic)  for  two  years.  He  li.as  lien 
\  ica'-president  of  the  L  iiion  Trust 
Comii.iny.  .and  xice-president  of  the 
first  N.ition.il  Hank;  and  .a  niemlier 
of  the  .\meriean  Bankers  .\ssoei.ation. 
the  I{eser\i'  Citv  Bankers  Associ.atiini. 
,111.1  the  H.inkers  Club  of  Cliicaj..).  -Mr. 
Il.i/.h  wood  h.as  been  a  member  of  the 
l.c  wis  Ho.ird  of  Trustees  since  1!)22. 
II,'  luhniiis  to  the  Chie;m-o,  Mid-D.ax'. 
(Ihnxicw  (.olf.  .111,1  Hol.-o-I.iiik  Club's. 
His   h,iiii,'   is   ill    Kx.instoii. 


i)K.  .I.WIK.S  H.  IIl.HUK  K  w.is 
born  in  O.ak  I'.irk.  H,-  r,c,ix,,l  his 
.\.n.  iU'Jirvv  .it  the  L'nixarsitx  of 
Mi,liii;.ui  in  I.SSi.  and  his  .\I.I).  ,b 
ur,-,  .at  Hush  M.-dieal  Colle-,'  in 
l.ss.S.  His  honor.arx-  di-irrias  coin 
pris,'  M..\..  .\Iiehi!i.an.  l!l()7:  I,. I,. I).. 
\Ii,lii;..an.  l!l.;-!;  .-^ci.  Doc..  Clii.'.i-o. 
l!i;!S,  and  Northwestern,  1!»K).  I'or 
thirty-six  years  he  w.as  ,)n  tin-  f.a,ulty 
of  til,'  D",-])artm,'nt  of  M,ali,an,'  :il 
KusI,  M,-,|i,;,l  C,,lhi;,-.  an,l  w.as  r,ir 
.a  tiiii,  h,  ,1,1  of  th,  ,1,  p.irtni,  lit  ;  h,  is 
now  ,  iniritus.  I)i-.  Ibrriik  w.as  .at 
lindiii^-  jiliysi,-i..,ii  .it   th,    Co,ik   County 


H,isiiit.il  for  txxiiity  ye.irs,  .and  sine 
],S!)1  h.as  been  attendinjj;  physician  .at 
th,-  I'resbyterian  Hospital  of  Chicago. 
11.-  is  ,1  member  of  the  Chicago  .Med- 
ical .Society  .and  of  the  .\nurii;in 
Miilic.al  .Vssociaticni ;  foundir  and 
first  ])residciit  of  the  Chicago  .Society 
of  Intern.al  Medicine;  ,a  goxernor  of 
th,-    Institnt,'   of    Me.liciiu-   of   Chi, -.ago 


(['resident.  19:.'."));  member  and  at 
one  time  President,  .\ssociation  ot 
.\merican  Physicians;  President  of 
Congress  of  .\merican  Piiysieians  and 
.Surgeons;  member  and  for  seven 
xears  Regent  of  American  College  of 
Physicians.  His  writings  includt 
many  contributions  to  medical  jour 
n.als  on  subjects  relating  to  intern.al 
iiiedicin,'  ( ispeii.ally  heart  disi'.ase  I 
.111,1  to  nuaiic.il  ,  ilue.ati,>n.  .Vmong 
th,'  sp,ci.al  hoiuirs  xvliich  li.axc  bien 
conferr,,!  on  him  .an-  tin-  Kobi'V 
Mi-d.al  of  the  .\ssoeiation  of  .\mcr 
ii-.aii  Physici.ans;  tlie  Distinguisheii 
Sirxici-  Nlial.il  of  the  American  .Mtd 
ic.al  .\ssoei.ation:  .anil  the  la'rtiticat,' 
.as  •■M.ister"  of  th,'  .\nierican  Col 
bail  of  Physici.ans.  For  some  thirtx 
xa-.ars  Dr.  jierriek  has  been  a  truste, 
.111,1  .1  number  of  the  lio.ard  of  Man 
.imrs  of  I.ixvis  Institute,  .and  .at  on, 
tiiii,'  s.rxid  .as  jircsidcnt  of  th,'  bo.ard 


Il.\li\FV  HR.\C  F  I.FMON  w,.s 
li,u-ii  in  Chie.ig.i.  H.'  rtaa-ixe.l  his 
.\.H.  ,l,i;r,','  .at  th,'  Inixirsity  of  Chi 
,-.at:,i  in  liKli;.  th,'  M.S.  .legr,','  in  mill. 
.■,nd  th,  I'll.  I).  ,hgr,a-  in  IIMJ.  He  b, 
ii.an    his    t,;i,hiiig  .at    Chicago   ,as   .an    in 


26 


^F 


yioffett  StudiL 


iiid 


structor  in  i)liysics.  aiul  is  now  pro- 
fessor.  He  st-rvt-d  as  captain  in  tlif 
Ordnance  Department  in  1918.  He  is 
fellow  of  the  American  Physical 
Society  :  member  of  the  American  As- 
sociation for  the  Advancement  of  Sci- 
ence, and  the  American  Association  of 
Physics  Teachers;  member  of  Delt.i 
L'ljsilon.  Plii  Beta  Kappa.  Sigma  Xi. 
and  Sigma  Pi  Sigma;  member  of  the 
Quadrangle  and  Chicago  Literary 
Clubs.  Professor  Lemon  is  author  of 
From  Galileo  to  Costnic  Rays;  Cosmic 
Rails  Thus  Far;  and  one  of  the  au- 
thors of  The  Xaliirr  Of  The  World 
And  Of  Man.  His  home  is  at  -580.5 
Dorchester  .\m  iiuc. 


J.  WAURF.N  McCaffrey  is  a 

graduate  of  .\rmour  in  the  class  of 
\Q>i.  In  19J-")  he  received  the  de- 
gree   of    Chemical    Engineer.       After 


the  comiiletion  of  his  engineering  edu- 
cation, he  studied  law  at  the  Chicago 
Kent  College  of  Law,  and  is  now 
President  of  the  Patent  and  Engi- 
neering Service  Company,  patent  at- 
tornevs.  Mr.  McCaffrey  is  a  member 
of  the  American  Legion,  the  Patent 
Law  Association  of  Chicago,  the  Illi- 
nois State  Bar  Association,  and  the 
Soutii  Shore  Country  Club.  He  is  a 
representative  of  the  Armour  Alumni 
Association  on  tiie  Board  of  Trustees. 


Wll.l.lA.M  H.  HFCiNKRY  was 
liorn  in  .Sheboygan.  \\'isc<)nsin.  He 
began  hi^  business  life  as  a  mes- 
senger boy  for  the  Western  Shade 
Cloth  Com])aiiy  and  is  now  its  presi- 
dent. He  is  ,utive  in  civic  affairs 
in  Hinsdale,  where  he  is  village 
{)resident  and  chairman  of  the  board 
of  the  First  National  Bank.  .Mr. 
Regnery  is  President  of  the  Stand- 
.ird  Shade  Roller  Company,  Vice- 
President  of  the  Joanna  Cotton  Mills. 
and  a  trustee  of  Beloit  College.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Union  League 
Club,  the  Knollwood  Club,  and  the 
Hinsdale    Ciolf    Club. 


WILFRED  SYKES  was  born  in 
Palmerston,  North  New  Zealand.  At 
the  age  of  five  years  he  was  taken 
liy  his  parents  to  the  State  of  Vic- 
toria in  Australia,  wliere  his  father 
had  several  lumber  mills.  Later  he 
attended  the  Technical  College  and 
the  University  of  Melbourne,  grad 
uating  witii  a  B.S.  degree.  .\fter 
uraduation  he  was  employed  by  the 
tirm  of  Knox  Sehlapp  &  Company  as 
an  engineer  in  the  electrical  depart- 
ment: later  he  became  manager  of 
that  department.  In  H)07  he  en- 
tered   the    cmjiloy    of    the    .\llgemeine 


ElektrizitJits  Gcscllscliaft  in  Berlin, 
(iermany,  remaining  there  until  1909; 
he  then  came  to  the  United  States 
and  entered  the  employ  of  the  West- 
inghouse  Electric  &  Manufacturing 
Coiniiany  at  F^ast  Pittsburgh.  In 
1920  he  was  apjiointed  executive  en- 
gineer for  the  Steel  &  Tube  Com 
pany.  and  in  1923  became  engineer 
in  charge  of  construction  for  the  In- 
land Steel  Company.  Subsequently, 
he  was  As.sistant  General  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Indiana  Harbor  plant, 
and  in  1930  was  appointed  Assistant 
to  the  President,  in  charge  of  oper- 
ations. Mr.  .Sykes  is  a  fellow  of 
the  Royal  .\rts  Society:  a  member 
of  the  American  Institute  of  F'.lec- 
trical  F^ngineers;  a  director  of  the 
American  Institute  of  Mining  and 
Metallurgical  Engineers  (Chairman 
of  the  Chicago  Section);  a  member 
of  tlie  American  Iron  and  Steel  In- 
stitute; and  a  member  of  the  Amer- 
ican .Society  of  Naval  Engineers.  His 
home    is    in    Flossnioor. 


HARRY  LORD  WELLS  was  born 
in  .).iiies\ille.  Wisconsin.  He  received 
bis  A.B.  .-it  Lewis  Institute  in  1S99. 
and  at  Harxard  in  1902.  For  many 
years  lie  was  active  in  building  ccni- 
struction  in  Chicago,  as  secretary,  and 
subsequently  as  vice-president  and 
treasurer,  of  Wells  Brothers  Construc- 
tion Company.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  190.5.  Mr.  Wells  has  been 
supervisor  of  the  real  estate  loan  de- 
partment of  the  First  National  Bank. 
a  director  of  the  Hotel  Winton.  Cleve- 
land, a  director  of  tlie  Neil  House. 
Columbus,  a  director  of  the  Infant 
Welfare  Society,  and  since  1921  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Managers  of 
Lewis  Institute.  He  is  a  life  member 
of  till-  .\rt  Institute  of  Ciiicago.  and  a 
member  of  tlie  University.  Harvard. 
,ind  Ciiunniinwe.ilth  Clubs.  His  home 
i,  in   Hubb.ird  Woods. 


BEN.L\M1N  W'HA.M  wa-,  born  in 
southern  Illinoi-..  He  attended  the 
Liiiversitv  of  Illinois,  where  he  re- 
ceived the  degrees  of  .\.B.  in  191.5. 
•  ind  J.D.  in  1917.  During  liis  stu- 
dent days  he  was  on  three  varsity 
debating  teams:  w.is  a  member  of  the 
honor.irv  senior  society.  Mawanda. 
and  of  I'hi  15et;i  Kappa  and  Phi 
Delta  Phi;  and  w:is  president  of  his 
cla---,  in  its  Miiior  ye.ir.  He  w.is  ;i 
I'irst  l.ieiiten.int  of  Inf.antry  in  the 
Rl.iekb.iwk  Division,  and  s,  rvr.l  over 
seas  in  the  lirst  World  War.  He  ]n-ac- 
lierd  biw  in  Deeatur.  .and  since  1920 
li.i-    pr.ictieed    in    Chic.airo;    he    is    now 


27 


Blank  &   Stiillcr   Plu.to 

hr.ul  .if  th,'  linn  of  Wli.-mi  aiid 
OtJri.n.  -Mr.  Wliani  was  l.iial  sii- 
r.tarv  to  tli<-  SiK'akt-r  of  the  House 
at  Spriiiirtiflil  ill  H»2:5;  lie  is  First 
\iif-Prcsid<.nt  of  tlit-  Illinois  State 
Bar  Association;  he  has  been  ehair- 
man  of  committees  of  the  C'hicaao 
Har  Association.  In  lie!-"),  lie  won 
th,'  l{oss  Request  Kssay  ('(nitest  of 
tin-  American  Bar  Association,  which 
.■arries  a  cash  award  of  ^•:iOOO.  lie 
is  now  trustee  of  the  Cliie.aLi:o  and 
I'.Mstern  Illinois  Railway  Coiiip.any 
in  .1  .Secti(Ui  77  (  Iiankriiiitey  .Vet  I 
jiroceedinjl.  Mr.  Wham  is  .i  memher 
of  the  T.aw  Cliih  of  Chicago,  the  I.e 
!ial  f'lnh  of  ChicafTO.  the  Literary 
(lull  of  Chicago,  and  the  Chicaii-.i 
Crime  Commission.  He  is  .also  .1 
ineniher  of  the  Chicago  Cluh.  the 
I'nivcrsity  Cluh.  and  the  Indian  Hill 
Cluh.  He  is  the  author  of  legal  dis 
cussions  on  reorganizations  and  on 
other  hr.inches  of  the  law.  which  h.ivi- 
.■i|i|)e.ired  in  the  .\mtriean  Bar  .lour 
n.-ils  .lud  other  l.aw  journ.ils.  His 
residence   is    in   A\'ilinetk;i. 


THE   BOOK   SHELF 


In  this  century  it  seems  .ilinost 
.sententious  to  remark  that  history  is 
continuous,  that  in  the  jiast  lie  the 
causes,  and  consequently  the  cxi)lana- 
tions.  of  the  i)rescnt.  Perhajjs  that 
fact  is  more  evident  to  us  now  than 
it  h.-is  evi-r  been:  wr  livi'  in  .1  d.iy 
when  the  news|).ip<r  Ik  .idlines  .ire  no 
nieri-  .iniiouneeinents  of  1  xtremities  of 
the     we;itliir.    hut     .ari      r.afher    eh;i)iter 


headings  in  universal  history.  .Xs  a 
{■onsequencc.  those  who  live  in  eoun 
tries  which  still  atl'ord  some  oppor 
t unity  for  speculation  .ahout  the  ])liglit 
nf  the  world  are  likely  to  regret  the 
inadequacy  of  their  historical  in  for 
in.ition;  indeed,  perhaps  most  of  Us 
h.ive  the  sense  of  having  come  in  at 
the  middle  of  the  movie  of  world 
I  \  cuts;  since  the  movie  will  not  he 
repeated,  we  shall  have  to  get.  some 
how  .and  somewhere,  a  synopsis  of  the 
e.irlier  reels,  if  we  .are  ever  to  inider 
st.ind  the  course  of  our  own  li\es:  .and 
we  c;in  get  this  synopsis,  of  course, 
only   from  history. 

I'nfortunately,  however.  .1  tine  he 
wildernient  awaits  the  average  re.ader 
in  se.ireh  of  historical  knowledge:  .is 
Mr.  H.  (J.  Wells  remarks  in  the  pre- 
l.iee  to  the  most  recent  edition  of  his 
Oiiliinc  of  U'lsiorii,  historians  seem  to 
•  issume  the  omniscience  of  the  geiicr.al 
reader;  to  them.  ai)parently.  the  man 
ill  th.  street  is  a  sort  of  Macaulay's 
schoolhov  |ierfectly  aware  of  the  for- 
tunes of  Titus'  candlestick,  of  the 
treasures  of  Alaric.  and  of  the  manu- 
scripts of  Buridan ;  and  a  succession 
of  erudite  disputes  about  dates  and 
evidence  can  rapidly  dampen  the  ea- 
gerness of  one.  let  us  say,  who  merel\ 
wanted  to  know  whether  anyone  was 
st.mding  nearby  when  the  Roin.iii 
F.iiipire  fell.  The  ordinary  reader,  in 
his  final  baft'lement  and  desjiair.  is 
likely  to  wish  ardently  either  for  sunn 
comprehensive  outlines  of  facts,  or  for 
some  factual  narrative  with  the  jile.is 
.lilt   readability  of  fiction. 

Two  new  books  seem  to  me  to  otfer 
e-xcellent  answers  to  that  wish.  One 
of  these  is  Harold  Lamb's  THK 
MARCH  OF  THE  BARBARIANS 
(I)oubleday  Doran.  .*:3.50).  If  you 
h.ive  never  heard  of  Harold  L.iinb. 
villi  ought  to  look  him  up  at  once;  lie 
is  the  .author  of  biographies  of 
( ieiighis-K.ihn  and  Tamerl.ane.  .mil  of 
two  strikini;-  historical  n.arr.atives  nf 
the  Crusades.  I  r,„i  Mm  ,n„l  Sainis 
.iiiil  The  I'lainr  ,if  Islam,  .as  well  .as  nf 
,1  number  of  other  books.  His  |ieculi.ir 
gift  is  to  combine  accurate  historical 
scholarship,  based  on  a  wide  study  of 
source-documents.  with  something 
that  might  be  called  historical  im.ig 
ination:  at  any  rate,  he  has  the  trick 
of  making  the  past  quite  as  immediate 
,ind  real  as  the  present.  Like  Robert 
(iravcs.  he  can  do  this  without  cheap- 
ening history  into  the  kind  of  roni.in- 
tic  costume-show  which  Rafael  .Saba- 
tini  has  presented  ad  lunisrani ;  and  he 
never  gi\es  one  the  sense,  .as  so  in.iiiy 
histories  unfortunately  do,  th.it  the 
Middle  .Vges  passed  in  .1  perpetn.il 
tiiuni.linelll    brtweell    .1  llilll.lt  ill    suits    of 

.irniour. 

Ill     '/■//,      Miirvli     nf    III,-     lUnhaniins 


.Mr.  Lamb  affords  a  bird's  eye  view  ol 
the  medieval  supremacy  of  the  Mon 
gols;  and  although  that  supremacy 
is  his  chief  concern,  he  sees  tit.  ()uit. 
proj)erly.  to  include  in  his  tale  botli 
the  antecedents  and  the  consequences 
of  Mongol  empire.  Millenniums  before 
the  civilizations  of  the  Tigris-F,u 
phrates  valley,  of  the  Nile,  of  the  In 
dus.  and  of  the  .Mediterr.anean.  tin 
shadowy  tribes  of  the  north  .\siaii 
tundr.is  had  hunted,  fished,  woven 
(Turn    to    page   48| 


CARBON  DIOXIDE  from  COKE 

Nearly  all  of  the  earlmii  (linxiile  used 
t.id.iy  is  iiianiif'aetnre(l  In  the  "ooki""' 
(iroeess.  Hifrli  {rradc  coke  is  burned  in 
special  funiacos  with  rcfrulated  drafts. 
The  Hue  pas  produced  has  a  carbon  di- 
oxide content  of  IT  to  !!•  percent,  .\flcr 
tliesc  gases  have  been  scrubbed  free  of 
ilirt  and  sulphur  conipoiiiuls  they  pass 
tliroiigli  coke-filled  towers  Uke  those 
shown  above.  Here  thev  meet  a  eouiiter- 
II. iw  of  lye  soliitiiiii  tliat  absorbs  the  car- 
bon dioxide.  I'liis  lii|uid  yielils  pure  car- 
ii.in  dioxide  gas  after  i\  distillation  process. 

rile  (liieago  Bridge  and  Iron  Company 
liiiilt  the  welded  tower  in  the  foreground 
.iliiive  fur  ■rill-  I-ii|iiid  Cirbonie  Corp.  at 
liidiaii.i|.olis.    Inil. 


28 


PLACEMENT 

DEPARTMENT 


HELP!      HELP!      HELP! 


and  then  mail  it  to  us.  A  iiostajfi' 
stamp  and  a  little  effort  may  be  tlie 
best  investment  you  ever  made  or  ever 
will  make. 

Tlie  department  is  in  need  of  jolis 
ti)  aid  poor  boys  throujili  eolleae.  If 
you  know  of  any  jiart-time  jobs,  any 
ivenintr  work.  Saturday  or  Sunday 
employment,  holiday  jobs  or  work  for 
next  summer,  be  kind  enough  to  let 
us  know  of  sueh  openings.  The  de- 
|)artment  will  do  its  utmost  to  send 
applieants  for  the  wcu'k.  There  are 
over      1-00      freshmen     registered      tliis 


autumn.  Your  eoUege  is  going  full 
steam  ahead.  Help  us  go  faster  and 
better  and  better. 

lor  your  information,  the  average 
monthly  starting  salary  for  the  Class 
of  19;iS)  was  .fllO.H-'.  This  year  the 
.■i\erage  initial  salary  is  •■?  1  IJI.'iO.  I-a.st 
vear  the  degree  of  Baehelor  of  Sei- 
enee  was  awarded  to  137  men.  Ae- 
eording  to  our  reeords,  all  are  em- 
ployed. This  year  171  reeeived  the 
degree  of  Baehelor  of  Seienee.  As  of 
September  :50,  lf)40,  96..)  per  eent  of 
this    year's    class     have    been     |)laeed. 


Suppose  any  one  of  you  alumni, 
were  confronted  with  the  job  of  hir- 
ing an  engineer  with  special  qualifi- 
cations and  training  to  fill  a  position 
in  your  organization  paying  from 
•faeOO  to  $20,000  a  year.  How  would 
vou  proceed.'  You  could  insert  a 
blind  ad  in  a  newspaper  or  magazine, 
but  many  qualified  men  would  not 
answer  it.  For  man^-  reasons  you 
miglit  not  wish  to  reveal  the  name  of 
vour  company.  For  many  reasons 
vou  might  not  wish  to  use  the  serv- 
ices of  a  fee  employment  agency. 
Y'ou  would,  however,  if  you  iiad  any 
experience  in  this  type  of  negotiation 
for  good  men,  consult  the  placement 
bureaus  of  reputable  engineering  col- 
leges, or  ask  the  aid  of  some  friend 
of  yours  whose  judgment  you  felt 
you  could  trust.  If  you  were  a  busy 
executive  you  would  not  wish  to  be 
deluged  with  applicants.  So  you 
would  state  the  qualifications,  age  and 
experience  that  your  ideal  engineer 
should  have  and  let  a  placement  offi- 
cer do  the  preliminary  weeding  out. 
finally  submitting  for  your  approval 
the  qualifications  of  a  limited  number 
of  men  whose  background  and  age 
fulfilled   your    requirements. 

There  are  now  about  1 700  place- 
ment records  in  our  office.  There  are 
approximately  -ISOO  Armour  alumni. 
The  majority  of  the  reeords  from 
alumni  are  from  younger  men  whose 
salaries  are  in  the  lower  brackets. 
There  are  now  some  excellent  oppor- 
tunities, paying  from  $3600  to  $20,000 
a  year,  reported  to  this  department. 
The  tide  has  definitely  turned  and 
industry  is  again  seeking  men  from 
thirty-five  to  fifty  years  old.  F.mploy- 
ers  are  again  buying  exjjerience. 
^^'here  is  your  record.'  Many  of  the 
reeords  on  file  are  those  of  dav  school 
students,  night  school  students,  or 
students  who  did  not  finish  college. 
What  this  department  wants  is  rec- 
ords from  men  of  ability  to  fit  into 
kej-  positions  in  industry,  positions 
paying  good  salaries.  Write  for  a 
placement  record,  and  when  you  get 
it,  fill  it  out  and  be  sure  to  put  on  it 
a    fiattering    iihotograpli    of    yourself 


STATUS   OF    liiK)  CLASS   AS   OF   SKPTEMBFR   30.    19K). 

Departments  Number  in  Class        Number  F.mployt 

Architecture      H  11 

Chemical    Engineering    iO  3.5 

Civil   Engineering    16  16 

Electrical  Engineering 3.5  ii 

Engineering  Science    2  2 

Fire   Protection  Engineering 16  IC 

Mechanical  Engineering 18  18 

171  16.5 

JOHN  ,1.  SCHOM.MER. 

Director    of    Placement. 


MODERN  MACHINES 

with  Productive  Features 

MILLING   MACHINES 
GRINDING    MACHINES 
SCREW   MACHINES 

•  Electric  and  Hydraulic  Controls 

•  Advanced  Construction  &  Design 

•  Outstanding  in  Profitable  Production 


„,  .  Ask  for  No.  141  Catalog 
listing  our  complete  line  of 
machines  and  attachments. 


Brown  &  Sharpe  Mfg. Co. 
BS         Providence,  R.  I. 


Brown  &  Sharpe 


29 


NEW  FACULTY  MEMBERS 


I.F.HOV  T.  ANI)KHS()\.  Iiistnic  p.-irtimnts    of    Klrrtrir.il     I'li-iiH  .riii-  I'.UI.     (;.      ANDRES.     Assistant 

tor     ill      I'.lntrir.il      l'.n;;iMiri-iiiy'      .iiiil  .n,,!    l'li\-,i(^     tor    t\\  r    vr.irs.      Duri'it;  I'rol'i  ^sor    ot     I'.li  rtrical    Kntrilu'iTillf;. 

I'livsics.   i-,   a  irrailuatr  ot    tlic    liiivir-  Miiiiiiicr    \ai:itioiis    he    lla^    uiirkril    on  "''^  liorii  ot    Aiiiirii'an   parfiits  in  On- 

>itv    of    Micliiitan,    where    lie    received                                       ^     ^    i       i                \f          i  t.irio.        His    eolleire    courses    were    at 

,1  ■    ,  ,:   .,  .,  ,,   ,.     .       ,,,.,.,  ,  earner    eiirnrit     teleiilioii\-.      Mr.     Ar 

tile  (ieirreis  ot    r>..S.h..K.   in       IH.i :   ar-'  - 


li.S.     Math.    aiHJ    .M..*^.F..    ill    I!i;U.    Af-        ' 


iersoii    is    .-1    iiienilier    of    'i'.lll    H.t.i     i' 


.Mieliiuaii    State    (dllesre.   where   he   re 
eeiveii     the     <h-rees     of     I5.S.K.K.     ill 


ler  lea\in--  .\iiii   .\ri.or.  lie   workcil   for        Si-iii:i    \i.    Phi    K.ipp.i     I'lii.    .ni,!    the        MUS.   and    K.K.   in     l!)--':i.     From    I!)1S 
one  y(  .ir   uith  the-   \\iseoii--iii    I  I  ii;l|  u.iy        .Viiieriean    Institute    of    Fleetrie.il     Fii  to     lilL'l     he    served    on    the    faenlty    of 

Dep.irtmrnt.    ,iiid     t.iu-lit     in     the     I)e-        liiiieers.  \l  iehi-.-in    St.-ite    tdllei;e    as    Instructor 


ANDERSON 
FLANiGAN 


ANDRES 
HUDSON 


BUDENHOLZER 
KANNE 


BUSEMAN 
KOZACKA 


^Mdtk 


30 


n^ 


t  ^  ^^ 


'^' 


and  A.vsistant  Professor  of  Eloftrif.-il 
EntriiKtriiiii-.  He  was  Rt-search  F"ii- 
jfineer  for  tlu-  Automatic  Elcftrii- 
Company  in  Chicago  from  1921  to 
192);  Chief  Engineer,  N'eweomh 
Hawley.  Inc..  St.  Charles.  Illinois, 
from  1923  to  1927;  Chief  Engineer. 
Temple  Radio  Corporation.  Chicago 
and  Toronto,  from  1927  to  1932;  and 
Research  Engineer,  P.  R.  Mallory. 
Inc..  Indianapolis,  beginning  in  19-'i'-'. 
He  was  released  to  the  .State  of  In- 
diana and  the  Indiana  State  Bankers 
As.sociation,  and  served  as  Chief  En- 
gineer of  the  State  Police  Radio  Sys- 
tem from  19:U  to  1936.  He  prac- 
ticed as  a  consulting  engineer  until 
his  appointment  to  the  Lewis  Insti- 
tute faculty  in  1939  as  Assistant 
Professor  of  Electrical  Engineering. 

Professor  Andres  holds  numerous 
patents,  and  is  the  author  of  many 
technical  })apers  relating  to  electric.il 
engineering  .ind  comniuniiMtions.  He 
is  listed  in  American  Men  of  Science. 


ROLAND  A.  HLDKNHOLZER. 
Instructor  in  Mechanical  Engineer- 
ing, graduated  in  1931  from  New 
Mexico  State  College  in  Las  Cruees. 
where  he  received  the  B.S.  degree  in 
Meeiianjeal  Engineering.  After  sum- 
mer service  as  draftsman  for  the 
National  Park  Service  he  became  a 
graduate  student  at  California  Insti- 
tute of  Technology,  where  he  re- 
ceived the  degrees  of  .M.S.  in  Me 
chanieal  Engineering  in  1937.  .md 
Ph.D.  in  1939.  During  his  graduate 
courses  he  served  as  a  teaciiing  as- 
sistant in  the  mechanical  engineering 
and  hydraulics  laboratories  and  in 
thermodynamics.  Dr.  Budenholzer 
was  subsequentlv  .-ijiiiointed  :i  .hniim- 
Researeli      1\11(  ' 


\ 


i^fe 


Petroleum  Institute,  .-md  wcn-ked  in 
their  l;ibiiratiiry  on  the  campus  of 
Californi.i  Institute  of  Technology 
until  his  .ipjiointmeut  to  the  .Vrniouv 
facultv. 


HERBERT  BUSEMANX.  In- 
structor in  Mathematics,  studied  at  the 
University  of  Munich  from  192.5  to 
192li;  .-it  Ciiittingen  from  192.5  to 
1930;  and  ;it  Rome  from  1930  to 
1931,  He  received  his  Ph.D.  degree 
at  (mttingen  in  1931.  He  has  taught 
mathematics  as  an  assistant,  a  lec- 
turer, and  an  instructor  at  Gottingen, 
Copenhagen.  New  York  University. 
Swarthmore  College,  and  Johns  Ho)) 
kins  University.  Dr.  Busemann  has 
written  uumenuis  .-irtieles  wliich  have 
appeared  in  European  scientific  jour- 
nals; lie  is  the  .-luthcir  of  I ntrixliictiiiii 
to  Alhfhraic  Matiifolds.  published  in 
Princeton   Mathematical  Notes. 


if     the      .\uurie 


,I()HN  1)K  CICCO.  Instructor  in 
.M.ithnnatics,  received  his  dcgrcr  ,,f 
B.S.  ,it  i'.rooklvn  College  in  193.i. 
aiul  his  Ph.D.  "degree  at  Columbi.t 
University  in  1938.  He  served  as  tu- 
tor and  instructor  at  Brooklyn  Col 
lege  from  1933  to  1910,  and  as  as- 
sistant at  Long  Isl.ind  University 
from  1939  to  19K).  He  held  a  gr.adu 
.ate  schol.-irslii]!  ,it  ( dhnnlii.i.  ,-nid  w.-is 
cK-eted  to  the  honorarv  scientific  fr.i- 
ternity.  .'sigm.i  Xi.  lie  is  :ilso  a  nn  ni- 
lier  of  Sigm.a  Mu  and  of  the  .Vmrr 
ie.in  M;itiiem.itieal  Siuietv.  Dr.  Or 
Ciceo  is  the  .iiitlior  ol'  articles  whiili 
h.ive  .ipiieared  in  thi-  .Vnicrican  .lour 
n.il  of  .Mathematics,  the  Proceedings 
of  the  N.ation.il  .Ve.uli  uiy  of  Sciences, 
and  the  Tr.ans.aetions  of  the  .Vmerie.aii 
M.itheni.itii-s   Soeiitv. 


.VI. AN  E.  FLANK. AN.  Instructor 
in  .Mechanical  Engineering,  graduated 
from  Princeton  University  in  the  class 
of  I93K  with  the  degree  of  A.B.. 
his  m.ijcn-  field  ii.aving  been  ni;ithe- 
matics.  From  1938  to  19  K)  he  was  a 
graduate  assistant  (and  in  the  latter 
year  a  teaching  assistant)  in  mech;in- 
ieal  engineering  at  the  University  of 
Ciliforni.i.  where  he  received  his 
.M.isters  degree  in  19  10.  During  tli'' 
four  v<'.-irs  iuter\eiiing  between  iii^ 
I'rineeton  .ind  Californi.i  uni\ersity 
courses,  he  W(U'ked  .is  .in  elect  rii' 
welder.  .Mr.  i'l.inig.in  is  ,i  member 
of  Signi.i  Xi:  of  tin  .\merican  Soi'iety 
f(n-  .Met.als;  and  the  I  nteru.ition.il 
Association    of    .Meeh.inie    Welder.. 


i.OUIS  .1  II.V(..V.  .Vsso.iit.-  Pro 
f,>sor  ..f  Met.illograpliv.  reeei\  ed  his 
B.S.  degree  .at  Miellig.lll  Colle-e  of 
Miiiiriii'  .and  'i'ei-hiiolo-v  in  192.5.  .and 
his  de-ree  of  M  .S.(  li'.  F,.  .it  Purciiii 
in  1928.  II,  h.is  ;i|so  done  iiradu.ite 
work  ,it  the  Uiii\.rsitv  of  Mieliiu.aii. 
He    h.is   been   .in    instnietnr   .it    Purdue. 


31 


aiul  was  Assistant  Professor  of  C'luni 
istry  and  .Mitalliiri;y  at  Lewis  Iiisti 
tiit<-  from  lii;il'  to  li>K).  Iniinediately 
after  liis  unileriiradiiate  course  at 
llouijiiton  lie  worked  for  a  year  as 
draftsman  for  tin  Sliaw  Electrical 
Crane  Company,  I  roni  li»28  to  l!).'i-' 
lir  wa>  a  di  velopnunt  enjj;ineer  witli 
tli(  W.  -.tern  F.lectrie  Company.  He  is 
the  aiitlinr  of  a  lAihurator  1/  Mnniial 
fur  Phi/.ural  Cli rnii.tt ri/ .  and  a  Liih 
(iratiir/i  Mtniiiiil  fur  I'.iifiniiirhui 
<  hiinislri/.  I'rofissor  Ha^a  is  a  ineni 
Ixr  of  the  Soei<ty  for  the  Promotion 
of  Knuineerini;-  I'.dneation,  the  Ainer 
icaii  Snei,  ty  for  Metals,  and  tli<- 
.\meriean     i'oiniilr\  men's     .Association. 


Ill.iiHKRT  E.  HUDSON.  JR.. 
Instructor  in  Civil  Enijineerinir.  is  a 
ijradiiate  of  the  University  of  Illinois. 
His  enjiineering  experience  began 
with  work  as  a  rodman  and  draftsman 
with  the  Edwin  Hancock  En<;ineerini; 
C<impany.  Subsequently,  he  was  a 
collaborating  sanitary  engineer  with 
the  United  States  "  Public  Health 
.'^er\iie.  Since  U>.31  has  been  Junior 
."s.mitary  Engineer  for  the  Citv  of 
(  hicago.  He  is  Secretary.  Illinois 
.Section,  .\nicrican  Waterworks  Asso- 
ci.ition:  and  Secretary,  West  Shore 
Water  Producers  Association.  .Mr. 
Hudson  is  the  author  of  numerous 
))aj)ers  on  sanitary  engineering  sub 
jeets  which  have  appeared  in  engi- 
neering periodicals  and  in  publica- 
tions of  cnirineerinsi-  societies  and  of 
public  bodies. 


W.  H.  KAXNE.  Assistant  Profes- 
sor of  Physics,  did  both  undergradu- 
ate and  graduate  work  at  ,Iohns  Hop- 
kins University,  where  he  received 
his  Ph.D.  degree  in  19:57.  He  was 
tlnn  ;iw;irded  a  N.itional  Kesearch 
I'lllowship.  but  chose  instead  to  ac- 
et|)t  an  instructorship  at  the  I'niver 
sity  of  Wisconsin,  wliieli  he  continued 
to  hold  until  I!)K).  Professor  Kanne's 
research  work  has  bnii  in  the  Held  of 
nuclear  ))liysies :  at  Baltimore  Ik 
worked  with  natur.al  r:idio-active  sub- 
st.incis;  .it  Madison  he  used  a  trans- 
fornur  reetitier  high  voltage  outfit. 
Professor  K.mne  is  .-i  member  of  the 
Ihinorary  fraternities.  Phi  Beta 
Kappa    and    .Si"ina    Xi. 


,I()SI-.PII  S.  KOZ.Vt  K.\.  .\ssoiiat. 
Professor  of  .Meeh.inieal  Engineering, 
w.is  born  in  Pol.ind.  .and  c.inie  to  the 
Unit.-d  States  in  liK).'.  He  com- 
(ileted  his  seeond.iry  iibieation  in  this 
(■(Uintry.  .and  in  liMll  he  y^raduated 
from  Pr.itt  Institute.  He  received  tlii- 
de-rr,.     ,,f     B.M.E.     and     M.S.     from 


the  University  of  Michigan,  in  1!U() 
.111(1  lil.iO.  respectively.  He  h.is  h.ul 
extensive  industrial  experience  as  an 
apprentice,  niechanic.  and  engineer 
with  fiener.il  Elei-tric  Company. 
Pratt  .111(1  Whitney  Company,  Wind 
^or  M.ichine  Comp.iny.  (ieneral  Mo 
tors.  Chrysler.  Pack.ird  .Mtitor  Com- 
p.iny. and  Detroit  .Steil  Products 
Comp.iny.  I"or  several  years  he  was 
Director  of  the  Alliance  'rechnical 
Institute  at  C.imbridii'e  .Springs. 
I'elinsyh  .ini.i ;  since  l!t:i()  he  li.as  been 
on  the  faculty  .it  I.(  wis  Institute.  H( 
is  eo-;iutli(ir  of  .1  book.  Matht-mattcs 
Fur  Mrrliaiiicx.  Professor  Kozacka  is 
.■ieti\c  in  the  Society  for  the  Promo- 
tion of  Engineering  Education  and 
the  .\merican  Society  of  Mechanical 
Engineers.  He  has  been  chairman  of 
the  Chicago  section  of  the  A.S.M.E.. 
.and  is  now  a  member  of  the  execu- 
tive committee  of  the  section. 


MLS  OTTO  .MVKI.ESTAI).  .As- 
sistant Professor  of  .Machine  Design, 
was  born  in  North  Dakota,  but  re- 
ceived most  of  his  education  in  Nor- 
way .111(1  Denmark.  He  graduated 
from  junior  college  ((iymnasium)  in 
1926,  and  from  the  Royal  Technical 
College  ill  Copenhagen  in  1932.  Dur- 
ing this  ])eriod  he  worked  for  one 
year  at  the  South  Philadeljiliia  Plant 
of  Westinghouse  Electric  .and  Manu- 
facturing Company,  .iiid  returned  to 
work  for  this  company  in  .\ugust, 
19.'i2.  He  was  contiiUKHislv  engaged 
in  engineering  work  for  various  com- 
|i,inies  from  that  time  until  1937. 
I'rom  U):J7  to  19:!.S  .Mr.  Mvklestad 
was  ,1  graduate  student  .iiid  teaching 
.assistant  in  mechanical  engineering 
at  the  L'niversity  of  California;  from 
19.i.S  to  1910  he  was  a  graduate 
student  and  instructor  in  mechanics 
of  eiiirineering  at  Cornell  L'niversitv. 
He  received'  bis  Ph.D.  decree  at 
Cornell   in    19  K). 


WTI.LI.VM    T.    PRIESTLY.    .JR.. 

.Vssist.aiit  Professor  of  .Vreliitecture. 
received  his  B.S.  degree  .it  Priiicetmi 
L'niversity  in  1929:  lie  did  graduati 
work  at  "the  Schools  of  .\rcliitecture 
of  Ni  w  ^'ork  Universitv  .iiid  Colum 
bia  L'niversity.  .ind  at  the  Bauhaus. 
Dessau,  (ierniany.  He  has  been  an 
instructor  at  Dalton  School  in  .\e\v 
^'ork  City,  .and  .at  Cooi)er  Unimi.  .md 
h;is  been  eng.aged  in  pri\.iti  jir.actice 
,is  .III  .•irchitect. 


ROBERT    I.    SAHBACHER.   As- 

sist.-int  Professor  of  Electrical  Engi- 
neering, .attended  B.altimore  Polytech 
nie   Institute   from   liiJJ   to    Uljli;   Uni 


versity  of  Florida,  from  19:$]  to  19:}:!: 
.111(1  H.irvard  l'niversitv  from  19:f'i 
to  I9:i9.  He  received  his  Sc.B.  d( 
gr(i-  at  Florida,  and  his  .Sc.M.  and 
,*sc.D.  degrees  at  Harv.ard.  He  served 
.IS  electrical  engineer  for  Electrical 
Research  Products.  Inc..  from  192S 
to  19:il.  and  as  nl.ay  and  connnuni 
cation  engineer  for  Florida  PoW(  r 
.111(1  Light  Comp.iny  from  19:il-  tn 
I9:i.-).  Dr.  S.irb.iehcr  li.is  been  an  in 
struetor  .iiid  res.  .ireli  assistant  ;il 
H,-ir\.ird.  and  an  instructor  .it  Rad 
elitVe. 


EVERETT  C.  SHU.MAN.  As.sis 
tant  Professor  of  Civil  Engineering, 
graduated  from  the  L'niversity  of 
Wisconsin  in  192  1-  with  the  degree  of 
B..S.  in  C.E.;  in  192()  he  received  the 
degree  of  M.S.  in  .Structural  Engi- 
neering. His  first  engineering  work, 
from  1919  to  1920,  was  as  assistant 
to  the  City  Engineer  of  North  Mil- 
waukee. He  was  instructor  in  me- 
chanics at  the  L'niversity  of  Wiscon- 
sin from  1924  to  192();  assistant  en- 
gineer under  DutT  .\.  .\brams  at  the 
research  laboratory  of  the  Portland 
Cement  -Vssoeiation  (then  at  Lewis 
Institute),  later  becoming  associate 
engineer  in  charge  of  design  and 
m.iintenanee ;  loaned  to  the  Koehring 
Division  of  National  Flquipment  Cor- 
poration in  1929;  returned  to  Port- 
land Cement  Association  in  19:J0:  in 
charge  of  the  research  laboratory  of 
Pennsylvania-Dixie  Corporation  in 
19:il;  chief  engineer,  D.  M.  Haering 
.md  Company  from  19:!2  to  19:33; 
.associate  engineer,  Portland  Cement 
.Association,  from  1933  to  1938;  in- 
striutor  ill  mechanics  in  the  Evening 
Division  of  Armour  Institute  of  Tech- 
nology from  193()  to  19:i.S;  cliairman, 
Deji.irtmcnt  of  Civil  Engineering. 
Lewis  Institute,  from  1938  to  19K). 
Professor  ."shum.m  is  a  member  of 
Tau  Beta  Pi.  Chi  Epsilon.  Gamma 
.\lpha.  Triangle.  Wisconsin  "W" 
Club,  Western  Society  of  Engineers, 
.American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers. 
.Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Engi- 
neering Education,  and  Society  of 
Hhcidoiiv.  He  has  been  the  recipient 
of  the  "  Charles  Ellet  Award  for 
.liinior  Engineers,  of  the  Western  So- 
ciety of  Engineers.  .\s  a  member  of 
the  .American  .Associjition  of  Engi- 
neers he  was  a  Nation.il  Director  in 
I9:i(i  ,111(1  N.itional  A'iee  President  in 
19:!7:  since  19;{.S  he  has  been  N.i 
tion.il    Pnsideiit. 


FRANK  H  WADE,  Assistant 
Professor  of  .Applied  Mechanics,  at- 
tended Mi.liii:.in  St.ite  College  from 
191)1     to      1907.     .111(1     uradii.ited     from 


32 


Lewis  Institute  with  the  degree  of 
M.E.  in  1909.  He  has  taken  special 
courses  in  mechanics,  mathematics, 
and  hydraulics  at  the  University  of 
Wisconsin.  He  has  filled  various 
teaching  positions  at  Lewis,  in  the 
departments  of  physics  and  mechanics, 
and  has  been  acting  head  of  the 
latter  department.  He  has  been  con- 
sulting engineer  for  Rummler  and 
Rummler.  patent  attorneys,  and  has 
done  a  considerable  amount  of  pro- 
fession.-il  engineering  work  as  his 
teai'hing  duties  .-itforded  opportunity. 
Profess(n-  \\'ade  is  the  author  of  vari- 
ous engineering  papers,  and  is  now 
engaged  in  preparing  a  textbook  on 
Mechanics.  In  lighter  vein,  he  has 
written  Cnllege  Joe  On  the  Slide 
Rule.  He  is  a  member  of  Tau  Beta 
Pi,  Western  Society  of  Engineers. 
Central  Association  of  Science  and 
Mathematics  Teachers,  and  Society 
for  the  Promotion  of  Engineering 
Education. 


LEE  R.  WILCOX.  Assistant  Pro- 
fessor of  Mathematics,  is  a  graduate 
of  the  L^niversity  of  Chicago,  where 
he  received  the  degrees  of  S.B.  in 
1932,  S.M.  in  1933,  and  Ph.D.  in 
193.5.  From  1935  to  1938  he  was  at 
the  Institute  for  Advanced  Study,  and 
has  served  as  instructor  at  the  L^ni- 
versity  of  Chicago  and  the  University 
of  Wisconsin.  His  published  papers 
h.ive  appeared  in  the  Bulletin  of  the 
American  Mathematical  Societv  and 
in  Annals  of  Matliematics.  Professor 
Wilcox  is  a  member  of  Phi  Beta 
Kappa,  Sigma  Xi,  and  the  American 
Mathematical  Society.  He  has  held  a 
prize  scholarship,  three  honor  schol- 
arships, and  two   fellowships. 


SAUI-  WIXSTEIX,  Instructor  in 
Chemistry,  graduated  from  tlie  Uni- 
versity of  California  at  Los  Angeles 
in  1931',  with  the  degree  of  A.P>.  He 
received  his  A.M.  degree  .at  the  same 
school  in  193.5,  and  the  degree  of 
Ph.D.  at  the  California  Institute  of 
Technology  in  1938.  His  major  field 
was  organic  chemistry.  In  1938  he 
was  an  instructor  at  the  LTniversity 
of  California  (L.A.),  and  during  the 
next  vear  was  a  research  associate 
at  the  California  Institute  of  Tecli- 
nology.  From  1939  to  1910.  Dr. 
Winstein  was  a  Xational  Research 
Fellow  in  Chemistry  at  Harvard  LTni- 
versity, the  California  Institute  of 
Technology,  and  the  University  of 
California  (L..\.).  His  research  field 
is  physico-organie  chemistry,  and  he 
is  the  author  of  some  seventeen  publi- 
cations on  the  general  subjects  of 
rearrangements,  reaction  mechanisms. 
and  unsaturated  compounds. 


JOHX  I.  YELLOTT,  Professor 
of  Mechanical  Engineering,  and  Di- 
rector of  the  Department  of  Mechan- 
ical Engineering,  graduated  from  the 
.lolins  Hopkins  University  in  1931, 
with  honor,  receiving  the  B.E.  degree. 
After  two  years  of  graduate  work 
with  Professor  A.  G.  Christie  he  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  M.M.E.,  his 
thesis  project  involving  research  on 
supersaturated  steam.  He  became  in- 
structor in  mechanical  engineering  at 
the  L'niversity  of  Rochester  in  1933. 
giving  courses  in  thermodynamics, 
nuchanics,  and  machine  design,  as 
well  .is  laboratory  work.  In  1931'  he 
was  appointed  instructor  in  niechan- 
ii'jil  engineering  at  Stevens  Institute 
of  Technology,  becoming  assistant 
jjrofessor  in  1936,  and  serving  as 
chairman  of  the  department  from 
1937  to  1938.  His  research  work  has 
been  mainly  in  the  field  of  high- 
velocity  flow  of  steam   and  air. 

Professor  Yellott  has  been  engaged 
in  consulting  work  for  the  Keuffel 
and  Esser  Company,  relating  to 
slide  rules,  measuring  tapes,  power 
]ilant  problems,  and  apprentice  train- 
ing; for  the  General  Electric  Com 
pany.  in  their  steam  research  divi- 
sion; for  the  Republic  Flow  Meter 
Comjiany,  in  problems  connected  with 
the  design  of  high-pressure,  high- 
temperature  reducing  valves;  for  the 
Worthington  Pump  and  Machinery 
Company,  on  steamjet  ejectors;  and 
for  E.  J.  Willis  Company,  on  the 
development  of  small  blowers  for 
marine  use.  and  tests  of  various  kinds 
of  rubber  bearings. 

In  1933.  he  presented  before  the 
American  Society  of  Mechanical  En- 
gineers a  paper  entitled  Supersatu- 
rated Steam,  for  which  he  received 
the  .Junior  Award  of  the  society.  This 
paper  w;is  published  in  full  by  Etigi- 
neering,  London,  and  in  eon<lense(l 
form  liv  The  1' ii(/inci-r,  London. 
Olliev  important  publieaticnis  ;irc 
Condriixaliou  iif  Fhncing  Steam 
(jointly  with  C.  K.  Holland), 
(Tr.ans.  .\.S.M.E.),  and  Ohservatiaiix 
<if  Fhnciiu/  Steam,  published  in  Com- 
liu.sliiiii.  Other  publie.'itions  include- 
numerous  discussions  of  A.S.M.F..  jia- 
pers  on  subjects  relating  to  thermo- 
dvnamics.  fluid  mechanics,  and  indus- 
trial  instruments. 

Professor  Yellott  is  a  member  of 
Tau  Beta  Pi;  Sigma  Xi;  Alpha  Delta 
Phi;  Omieron  Delta  Kappa;  and  the 
.Sot'iety  for  the  Promotion  of  Engi- 
neering l-'.dueation.  Ilr  is  a  junior 
member  of  the  .Vuicriean  .Society  of 
Mechanical  l-'ngimrrs ;  in  I9.'i!i  In 
received  the  Pi  Tau  Sigma  Award  .it 
the   annu.al   meeting   of   the    A.S.NLE. 


VISITORS 


One  of  the  pleasant  experiences  of 
,1  M-teran  member  of  the  staflf  of  a 
school  which  has  itself  become  entitled 
to  designation  as  veteran,  is  the  fre- 
iliient  meeting  with  colleagues  and  of 
students  of  earlier  days.  We  have 
many  visitors,  and  we  do  not  maintain 
a  roster  of  them.  Recently  we  have 
seen  Victor  C.  Alderson  and  Franklin 
P.  Adams.  Dr.  Alderson  was  dean  of 
.\rmour  Institute  from  1901  to  1903; 
he  left  us  to  become  president  of  the 
Colorado  School  of  Mines.  Mr. 
Adams,  the  "F.P.A."  of  the  "Conning 
Tower"  ,ind  "Information,  Please," 
gradu.iteil  from  the  old  Armour  Sci- 
entide   .\ea(hrn\'   i]i    1S!I<I. 


An  All  Purpose 

Air  Velocity  IVIeter 

Instantaneous  Direct  Reading 


No   longer   Is   It   necessary  to  use  complicated 
and   stop  watclies  or   make  slow,    mattiematlcal 
to    obtain    accurate    velocity    readings    of    Irregi 
or   slotted    grilles,    velocity    readings    In    ducts. 


ilculatlons 
ar  shaped 
r  at  Inlet 
ments. 


(Boyle  System)  Velorr 
Ing  air  velocity  meti 
conveniently  and  dulcl 
pressures,    locate   Iw 


this   and    more  with    the    "AInor' 
er.    the   instantaneous   direct   read 

and  you  can  do  It  i 
.  You  can  obtain  statl. 
nd  losses,    detect  drafts,   or  deter 


ly. 


efficiency   of   fans.    Alters,   blowers,  and 


equip. 


The  Velomeler  gl 
directly  In  feet  per 
up  to  Its  mailmum  s 
•IS    IS.nnn   F.P.M.   are 


Instant  air     velocity     readings 

lute   from  as    low    as    20    F.P.M. 

reading.  Range)  up  to  as  high 
lilable. 


Mriw  fnr  Bulletin  ^'o.  244S-I) 

ILLINOIS  TESTING  LABORATORIES,  Inc. 


146    W.    HUBBARD    ST. 


CHICAGO.    ILLINOIS 


33 


FROM  YEAR  TO  YEAR 


A  RECORD  OF  ARMOUR  ALUMNI 
AROUND  THE  WORLD 


By 

A.  H.  JENS,  '31 


ALUMNI  BANQUET 

J'<i-Ii.i|i-  tor  the  tittictli  tiiur  Ar- 
mour aliinini  nut  in  .-i  tOrm.-il  lianiiuct 
to  lii-ar  of  Arinoiir  atl'airs  from  Ar- 
mour mtii.  F.arly  in  tin-  afternoon  of 
.linu  1-.  things  i;-ot  undrr  way  with 
tli(  oprnini;-  salutation  \>\  tilt-  Class 
of  l!M.-)  oli-hratinu-  tJK-ir  twcnty-tiftli 
annix  irsary.  Coniirfjiation  point  in 
tlir  fourth  rioor  of  th.-'c'hicau-o  Towrrs 
(  luh  saw  old  iiraiinatcs  mcctinn-  tin  ir 
Iriinds  and  professors  for  the  tirst 
timi  in  many  viars.  In  tin  midst  (d 
sui-li  ron\  i\  iaiity.  time  jiasscd  rapidly 
until  tilt-  statinj;  for  the  formal  han- 
cpjrt  at  ():;iO  p.  m.  Many  matters  im- 
portant to  Armour  men  wirv  hrouii'lit 
forth   in  the    |iroi;ram   which    followed. 

After  a  resoundinn-  cheer  at  tU<- 
conclusion  of  "'riie  (ruiscr  (iocs 
Uidliiif.-  Alonji."  the  nxn-c  serious  as- 
pects of  the  exeniui;-  were  ap|)roachcd. 
Several  routine  reports  Avere  disposed 
id',  after  which  the  nominations  for 
the  various  alunnii  olfices  wi  re  placed 
III  f(n-e   the   <iroup. 

.1.  Warren  McCaffrey.  (h.K..  ■.'-'. 
was  elected  the  thirty-first  I'rcsident 
of  the  Armour  Alumni  Association, 
succiedini;-  the  vcruraldc  .lohn  .1. 
.S.-honuucr.  (h.F...  i.'.  who  had 
ser\ed  ill  this  capacity  for  the  |)ast 
elcM  II  years.  Claude  Albert  Kiiuep 
fir.  C.'K.  ■].-,.  on  the  eve  of  the 
twenty  fifth  annix  crsary  of  his  i;rad 
nation  from  .Vrmoiir.  xv.-is  elected  tu 
the  jiosition  of  \'iee-I'rcsideiit.  Ki 
elected  for  a  second  two  year  term 
was  \\'illiaiii  Nicholas  .Setterluri;. 
.\rcli.  '■_'!».  who  ailain  liecainc  .Secrc 
t.iry-'rrcasurer. 

(onipletioll  of  the  sl/,te  included 
ihetion  to  the  Hoard  of  M  .ni.i-ers  of 
I.oiiis  .l.imis  Hyrne.  .\1.K..  Ill-,  who 
will      represent     the     Classes     ]!l()-_'  ()(!. 


.'olin  Sclionmier.  Ch.E.,  'V>.  liccomcs 
.1  memlur  of  the  Board,  rcpre.scntini;: 
the  Classes  li)12-I().  Eua;ene  Voita. 
.Vreli..  '2f.  was  reelected  for  a  nexv 
four-year  term  and  rcj)resents  the 
Classes  lill'L'-l'li.  Stanley  M.  I.iiul. 
Ch.F...  '.i:.'.  was  elected  to  replace 
Ilarxcy  S.  Rossinfj.  C.K..  '.'iJ.  to  re|) 
resent  the  Classes  19:52-:i(i.  To  rep- 
resent recent  u;raduatin,!f  classes  from 
I!i:i7  to  the  jircseiit  time.  Hicli.-ird  N. 
X'andekieft,  M.F...  ':»).  was  elected 
for  a  txvo-vcar  term.  Nomin.ations 
were  ]ircseiited  l>y  A.  II.  .I.ns,  I'.I'.F.. 
'.'il  and  were  siilimittcd  liv  a  Com- 
mittee on  Noininatimis  consistiiiir  of 
William  F.  Sims.  F.F..  '!I7.  cliair- 
iii.in:  Kdward  F.  Fohlni.iiin.  Ch.F.. 
Id;  Fdward  .1.  I'l.va.  Ch.F..  ■:!S, 
.l.iiiics  C.  I'cchles.  F.F..  Of:  Hol.crt 
M.    Krause.  M.F..  '31. 

To  |-'r.iinis  ()|)ila.  C.F..  '  K).  went 
the  coxeted  .Mumiii -St  lldint  honor 
award,  wliic'h  is  i;iven  each  year  to 
the  man  of  the  i;raduatiiiu,"  class 
standiiii;-  hiiihest  in  activities  and 
schol.arship  on  the  basis  of  ;i  point 
system  developed  ,it  the  Institute. 
I'resentation  \v;is  made  liy  .Miimiii 
I'resideiit.    .lohn   Schoimncr. 

The  Committee  on  the  .\liimiii 
.Ser\  ice  .Vw.-ird  Key  aniiounccd  th.it 
no  aw.irii  xv.-is  to  he  m;i(lc  .at  this  time. 
(.  .\.  Knuepfcr.  C.K..  '!.->.  as 
Ch.iirm.in  of  the  Distinguislicd  .Scrx 
ice  .\w.ird  Committee  .•mnoiinccd  tli.it 
he  xx.is  i;ix  iiii;-  xvay  to  W'illi.im  I'. 
.Sims.  F..F...  '!I7.  for  .•iiinouiiceincnt  in 
eoniHction  xvitli  the  preseiit.itioii  of 
this  award.  Mr,  Sims  rc.id  the  fol 
loxviiiii  citation : 

"I'or  outst.iiidiiii;  contrihulion  in 
m.lllV  lields  of  elide.lMU-  ;ind  espe 
i-i.-illy  for  his  distinmiishiil  scrx  ice 
.■IS    I'resideiit   of   the   .\rmimr    .\liimiii 


Associ.ition,    for   his    representation 
as    Trustee  larjrely  in  alumni  art'airs 
on    the    Board    of    Trustees    of    .Vr- 
moiir  Institute,  for  his   outstandinil 
work   in   develoj)inic   tlie    Placement 
Dcp.irtment    ,it     .\rniour    Institute. 
for    his   counsel    .ind   uuidanee   as   a 
te.icher.     and     for     Iiis     exee))tional 
(|u,ilitics  of  leadershi)),  this 
Distinii'uislicd  Service  Award 
is   jiresented  to 
.lOlIN  .lOSFPH  SCHO.MMFH 
Class   of   iyi2 
I'rcsi  iited  at  Chicafto  on  .hnie    f, 
li»K),   by    ,1    lir.iteful    .and    .apiircc'i.a- 
tive   Aliiiniii    by    its    Bo.ird   of    Man- 
;i  iters." 
.\    tremendous    ov.-ition    w.as    afforded 
.\Ir.    .Sihommer.    and    in    aeknowledjl- 
ini;-   receipt   of   the   Aw.ird,   he    was    at 
.1    loss   to   put   his   feelini;  into   words. 
At    the    time    of    the    banquet,    tiie 
.\rmour    Institute-!. ewis   merirer    proj- 
ect   h.iil    not    yet    bi-cii    eonsmnmated. 
Interest    .imoiii;-    the    .Vliimni    xv.-is    run 
niiiy-   xcry    liiiili    in    this   reii'/ird.   .and    it 
w.is    not     until    the    Chairunin    of    the 
lio.ird    of    Trustees,    .lames    I).    Cuii 
ninifh.am.  prcsinted  some  of  the  lesser 
known      f.ai-ts.     that      ,a     better     under 
st.indini;   xv.is   rc.iehcd.      .Mr.   Ciinnim; 
h.im    .advised    that    .ludi;c    Dunne    had 
the    m.itter    under    consider.ition.    ,ind 
that     it     would    un<loubtcdly     be     some 
time    bifore    .i    decisiim    woulil    be    ren 
ilereil.      Iloxvcver.   we   since   know    th.it 
.ludi;e    Dminc   entered   .-i   ilccrce   in    f,i 
vor   of   Hie    nicrirer.    and    tll.it    the    iiier 
Liiv   plans   .ire   noxv   well    under   w.ix. 

One  of  the  outstandin<r  features  of 
the  cxciiiiiir  xv.is  the  present.ation  bx 
I'resideiit  Henry  T.  lle.ild  of  f.ut's 
.ind  liiiures  ril.itini;  to  the  p.ist  .and 
present  of  .\riiiour  institute.  .Mr. 
lle.ild.    with    the    .•issist.incc    of    l.-iiiterii 


34 


sliilrs.  illustr.-it.cl  the  jjosition  of  tlir 
1  Institute  of  today  rclativf  to  that  of 
Armour  during  the  ])a.st  hectic  years. 
"Tlic  ))  r  o  li  1  c  ni  today,  "  said  Mr. 
Heald.  "i.s  not  one  of  attracting  a 
large  .student  body  liut  one  of  keeping 
teclinical  education  abreast  of  the 
times."  Numerous  questions  were  |uit 
to  ['resident  Heald  at  the  eoiulusion 
of  tlie  banquet. 

The  (|Uestion  of  Alumni  Triistee 
was  tabled  pending  a  decision  by  tlie 
Armour  Board  of  Trustees  regarding 
a  nominee  suggested  bj'  the  Alumni 
Association.  It  is  understood  that 
Mr.  McCaffrey  will  represent  tlie 
active  Alumni  Association  on  the  Ar 
mour  Board  of  Tru.stees  until  tiiis 
matter   can   be   definitely    decided. 

Credit  should  be  extended  to  the 
banquet  arrangement  committee  wliieh 
did  such  a  grand  job  in  perfecting 
many  of  the  details  of  the  lOtO  as- 
sembly. Eugene  Voita.  as  chairman  of 
the  committee,  spent  many  hours  com- 
pleting arrangements  as  did  Messrs. 
McCaffrey,  Schommer  and  Setterberg, 
who  composed  the  committee.  Class 
representatives  and  class  chairmen  are 
to  be  commended  for  their  efforts  in 
bringing   about    a   successful    meeting. 


TWF.XTY-FIFTH    REUXIOX 

CLASS   OF    lsil.-> 
()ri;.uii/,.itioii    of    the    reunion    p.irty 
if    1!»1.")    was    under   the 


for   the   CI,- 


ommittt 


direction  of 

the    following   men: 

Stanlev  .Mover  Peterson.  .\reh.: 
Robert  Lee  Wilson,  Ch.E.;  Claude  \. 
Knuepfer.  C.E.;  Edward  John  llur 
ris,  E.E.:  Walter  Kietz,  F.P.E.; 
Bradlev  Carr.  I.A.;  Oscar  Anderson. 
M.E..  and  .lames   Leo  Mayer.   .M.E. 

Active  work  was  begun  early  in 
February  in  the  hope  that  every  man 
in  the  class  would  be  reached  and 
that  all  ))lans  and  programs  could 
niinate  on  the  dav  of  the  alumni 
quet. 

Response  was  widespread,  witi 
ters  from  ^L^x  Deitenbeck.  C.E. 
in  Birmingham,  Alabama;  ^^  illiam 
I.indblom.  C.E.  '1.^.  in  Greensburg. 
F.I.:  and  from  I'aye  N.  Compton. 
C.E.  "l.">,  in  (ilendale,  California. 
Many  other  letters  and  telegrams 
were   reeeixed    by   tile   Committee. 

Special  headquarters  for  the  re- 
union party  were  set  up  on  the  fifth 
floor  of  the  Chicago  Towers  Club  and 
a  glad  hand  was  extended  to  all  who 
dared  to  enter  the  doorway.     The  sal- 


L'UI- 


let- 


ilt.iti 
WIh' 
five 


,11    th. 


"Hiy; 

,lst     t\ 


1.5. 
•ntv- 


.■^ittiiig  at  the  n  union  t.-ible  were 
tin-  following  men  who  came  from 
points  as  widespread  as  Buffalo,  New- 
York:  NLirshalltown.  Iowa;  and  Al- 
bion. .Michigan.  ARCHITECTS: 
.l.ieob  Lewis.  Stanley  Mover  Peter- 
son, I\ar  i{oy  .Swanson.  CHEM- 
IC.VI.S:  Curtis  W.  Diemecke,  .Joseph 
Romeo  Lauletta.  .Ir.,  Ernst  Sieek, 
Harrv  A.  Str.iin.  Robert  Wilson. 
CIVl'l.S:  ,Ios.  Lawrence  Dufiy. 
Leon.-ird  Hook.  C.  A.  Kiiue|ifer.  Her- 
ni.ui  C.  Nelirl.  Max  \.  Sherman. 
Cli.-irles  Read  Simmons.  Geo.  .lolin 
Triiikaus.  ELECTRICALS:  ,lolin 
I'riece  .\damson.  Glen  Barrer,  Or- 
mond  Roy  Hupp.  FIRE  PRO- 
TECTS: Stanley  \\'m.  Anderson. 
Edouard  .Mars  Kratz.  Walter  Rietz. 
INDUSTRIAL  ARTS:  Bradlev 
S.iyre  Carr.  MECHANICALS:  .less 
Alvey  Agee.  Osear  Allen  Anderson. 
Lyman  Withrow  Close.  Frank  (jeo. 
Cooban,  Lester  Downey,  Fred  Lewis 
Faulkner,  F^ugeiie  .S.  Harman.  Lewis 
Edwin  Hibbard.  .\lfred  H.  Johnson. 
James  Leo  Mayer.  Walter  .Sir,  Har- 
lan Clifford  .Skinner.  F'red  L.  Ward. 


t^V 


^4  CLUTCH  FACINGS 

i^GATKE 


A  quarter  century  of  spe- 
cialized development  has 
perfected  GATKE  Friction 
Materials  for  the  widest 
range  of  Brake  and  Clutch 
requirements. 

On  manufacturing  equip- 
ment, power  shovels,  drag- 
lines, dredges,  cranes, 
hoists  and  tractors  — 
wherever  brakes  or  clutches 
are  used— GATKE  Friction 
Materials  are  rendering  out- 
standing service. 

Whatever  your  require- 
ments, send  specification 
for  recommendation  and 
prices. 


GATKE  CORPORATION 

222  North  La  Salle  St.  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


MADE  TO  SOLVE 

YOUR  PROBLEMS 


and  manufacturing  parts  like 
these,  to  accomplish  the  re- 
sults you  are  after  in  those 
various  design  and  production 
problems. 


Send  in  your 
describe    yo 


n  your  drawings,  or 
be    your    problem. 

■ rll      1.-! I 


nee  and  the  advan- 
of  long  experience. 


M .  D  •  Hubbard  Spring  fompany 


2S2  Central  Ave.,  Pontiac,  Mich. 


35 


Clrouiid  WDi-k  w.is  l.iid  fur  tin-  tor 
iiiatidii  lit'  .-I  (■(inniiittcc  t(i  pl.ui  the 
litti.tli     lii  iiiiidi]    i<{    tlif    C'l.iss    ol       1  -. 

in    tin;:,.     Dct.-iiK   ..r,-   l,,   h.    ;,r iiHvd 

.■it    .1     t'uturi'   time. 

.Iliinnn   I'laciwrnI    I ),  purl  mm  I 

Soinr  vrry  iiittrrstiiii;-  npurts  li.n  r 
cin.inatiil  Ir.iin  tin-  I'l.ici  incut  Oltic. 
wliich  is  iinil.r  thr  ahlr  ,lirrcti(in  ol 
John  .1.  Sihonnnrr.  Cli.i:..  I.'.  I'.unl 
with  tin-  (irohhin  ot  |iL'u'iiii;'  a  urou|i 
ol  Armour  nun  with  a  wiiK-  raiiiji-  of 
c  \|nriiii(o  and  in  |)racticallv  cvirv 
aii'r  iirou|i.  till-  Drpartnii  nt  attrinptrii 
to  Mciirc  a  pcrMniiu  I  riconl  lor  laih 
Arniiiiir  man.  Tlic  returns  wiri-  far 
from  luiiii;  100  ptrctiit  compkti  .  yet 
tlitsf  records  form  ;i  nucleus  for  the 
sidection  of  men  for  positions  tliat 
come  to  the  .ittcntiiui  of  the  office. 
I'or  recent  years,  pr.actic.ally  com- 
plete records  of  the  uradu.atinn 
cl.isscs   li.ave   been   secured. 

For  the  year  ending-  .\ui;ust  :!  1  . 
I!»K).  Armour  Alumni  to  the  nuinher 
of  f!l'J  were  pl.iced  in  |)ositions  or 
Were  mined  into  positions  inxolvinii 
more  responsihility  or  increased  sal- 
ary. Four  iiraduati'  students  were 
|>lacf'd  in  positions  as  were  forty- 
eiitht  cxeniiii;-  di\  ision  students.  As 
.1  further  ,acti\  ity.  the  Department  se- 
cured holiday  employment  for  many 
students  and  fifty-four  summer  posi 
tions  for  undergraduates. 

The  total  number  of  i;r.idii;ites 
who  .are  shown  by  our  records  to 
be  unemployed  in  .ijiproxim.itcly  six- 
tentbs   (d'   one    percent. 

(iood  results  liave  been  obtained  in 
pl.acinji-  the  Class  of  l<)fO.  and  tlic 
)d,icements  to  d.atc  .arc  .almost  ninet\- 
seven  percent  of  th.'  tot.il.  In  ti\e 
Departments.  .\reliitectur,il.  Civil. 
F.nginecrinf;-  .Sciinee.  .Mecli.anical.  .and 
Fire  Protection,  all  of  the  liUO 
iiradu.atcs  b.ixc  been  |il.aeed.  In 
Chemical  F.nniiieerin^'.  tliirty-tixe  ol 
forty  jir.idu.ates  li.aM-  been  pl.accil  .and 
in  |-'.leetric,il  l'.ni;iiieerinn.  thirtx-foiir 
of  thirty  live  li.aM-  been  pl.ae.i'l.  .\u 
inxcstiu'.ation  of  the  records  indic.ati-s 
.an  aver;ii;i-  initi.al  s.alary  for  tlie  Cl.ass 
of  1!»I0  close  to  .flL'O  per  month.  A 
l.iri;c  pcrccnt.auc  of  tiiese  men  .are 
pl.iciii  in  their  own  fields. 


Board  of  Trustees  Chairman  James  D. 
Cunningham  presents  interesting  de- 
tails of  the  merger  with  Lewis  Institute. 


Oldest  alumnus  Billy  Sims,  E.E.  '97,  has 
a  chat  with  President  Heald. 


President  Heald  at  the  mike  gives  re- 
view of  the  Armour  scene  and  the 
problems  of  engineering  education  In 
a   large   metropolitan   area. 


Left — Program  for  the  evening  being 
engineered  by  John  Schommer  and 
Alumni  Editor  Art  Jens. 


Right — Bradley  Carr,  LA.  '  I  5,  who  was 
In  part  responsible  for  the  '15  reunion 
program,  headed  the  receiving  line. 
Walter  Sir,  M.E.  '15  In  the  background. 


hy    l;i;l    f.    Leopold,    '43 


36 


Right,  above — Francis  Opila,  C.E.  '40,  recipient  o-f  the  Armour 
Alumni  Association  Award  to  the  outstanding  graduate  of  the  Class 
of  1940. 


Ed  Sincere,  Arch.  '15,  discusses  weighty  problems  of  the  day  with 
Eugene  Voita,  Arch.  '25.  In  the  background  is  Bill  Setterberg,  Arch. 
'29,  and  Al  Schreiber,  Ch.E.  '37 


John    Adamson,    E.E.    '15,    extends    the    glad    hand    to    Walter    Rieti, 
F.P.E.   '15,   and    "String"    Knuepfer,   C.E.   '15. 


Trustee  E.  A.  Henne,  Prof.  J.  B. 
Finnegan,  Trustee  R.  B.  Harper, 
H.  A.  Vagtborg,  Director  of  Re- 
search Foundation,  Dean  C.  A. 
Tibbals    and    Prof.    P.    C.    Huntley. 


Below,  left — At  the  banquet  table 
meet  the  silver  anniversary  men  of 
1915.  From  left  to  right:  Fred 
Faulkner,  M.E.  (left  rear);  Bob  Wil- 
son, Ch.E.;  Curt  Diemecke,  Ch.E.; 
Ernie  Sieck,  Ch.E.;  Oscar  Ander- 
son    M.E.;    Walter   Sir,    M.    E. 


37 


riiiril  Stri-ct,    TiKMHi.  Ari/.oim.  .ind  li-ttc 

liiHHis.     KnWAH].     .Ions,     K.i;.,     »li(.     is         fr Iiis    iild    rlasMiialrs    WDiilil    lie    most 

S^ilrs   H<-i)iTscntiitivr  for  tlu-   Illinois   KIrc-        M|iprcciiit<-(1. 


1897  Wi/.inl    Oil    C...   Ii.is    nniilU    ili.iii-cd    liis             Arimmr    in.-n    »li..    kiiiw     Kiiim.-l    Marx 

OlliniN     I'K^Mis    lin.Mvs     !■■  K      isiiuu  ■"I'l'''^-     •"    •'■'I-    *i'-^t     llni.l,     I'-.Minsh.ri.  will   iiiul..ijliti-(ll\    in-    scrry    tci   learn   i)f  liis 

.  ,.'          ;    ,.  ,,  ,    .,           ,.       ;          ■■".,■  Illiiiciis.  unt'Drtunate    aeeiiieiit    in    irrduniliiiL'    U,()()ll 

residiiii;   at    i)Jlt    Mairniiia    Ave..    C  liicai;ii.  ._._                                                   i.         n                 i                i      i      .    .„,.,-    i'      ■ 

,,.      "^              ,              r              M  !■       1  OR  viilts.     lie    inav    lie    reae  led    at    2(12)    Kast 

U  licit. IK.    .liiiiN    .lo.Nis.    .M.r...    has    le-  17  10  ,, ,     ;,.                .    .                   ,   ,   .. 

ceiillv  ehan-ed  liis  address  tc,  1  |:i7  \V.  ;i.-)ll 
1'!..  i  MS   .Vn-elrs.  Calii, 

1899  trie    I'lireelain    C.i.,    has    leeentiv    ehanfred           '.SiieK,     K.u.nsi.    (h.K..    who    Is    Chemist 

Wiini.    I'.H.Msi    (  A.Mii...    \I  i:.,    who    is  his    address    to    I2lt    North    Laramie    .\ve-  .Sieek    \    DrueUer.    has    r.'eenth'    moved    to 

I'resident    «(   -ilH-   Ansonia    (  lo,k    Co.,    has  iiue.  Chiea^o.  |s|(i   N.    Wiiu-hester.   (■hiea^'o.  ' 

iieeiillv  ehaiifred  his  aildress  1.1  :i2S    I'.iiid  M  Mix.     Km.mi.t     H.,     C.K..     has     written                                               IQIA 

field    K'o.id.    HronNville.    N .    V.  several    very    interestiiif:   letters    to    Claude              ,                   ,.            '  \' °               ,,,    ,. 

1901  A.   Knnepfer.  C.K..  Mo.  in  eonneetion   will,  .    A't^' ^^.    K.  <^>^N.^  Km.vn,  ki.    C  h.K..  wlio 

'^"'      ,.  ,,      .  the  twentv-lifth  anniversary  of  his  ^.ra.ln-  '^    ""^'^ ''^l'!''    ^    ^'l"- J"';-    ^'^'\  ''''■'■"^y 

pv„,     .Ions    l„„s.r,,    I-,    ■      ,s   now    re^         , ,^    ,.,.^,.,    ^,._^^^,^^,.        ^,^^-.  ^.^^^^^    ^.^  moved    to   (,.,.,,1    North    Ashland    Aye..   (  hi- 

sidiiip     .d      lowers     Hotel.    .!.».'     .S.K.     Jiul  |,.||,.,,    t'.illow  ■  '■•'»-"'■ 

.\\e.,    .Mi.iiiii.    l-'lorida.  •■!      i           ii       I      I         li         U     I    in  t     1    I                '■"^'   ''-i"' ^i'  .\ii  vnson.  C.K..  who  is  now 

1904  trek   haek'lo  Thiia.:,  l,'\Li   .1  niii'Von  r.l,  y"'  !''-;.  I"-';"'  '"    V't  "".  l'"'.^'-   ^^I"' 


\Vu  Mlisii  VM,   KnwMO.  .IvMis.   .M.l'-,..  wh,,         reunion,  and   liave   iniliouiided  a    road   slake 


.\ir  .Station.  I'ensaeola.  Florida,  is  residiiij.' 


\|e,.h,,ni,al    I'.nu'ine.r.    Ile,,l    \    1-uei    Kn-         for     tli.-il     purpose,     hut     other     eiMuliti'ons        ^.ll-iH  North  M  street.  Pensaeola.  l-'h.rida, 

■Mv.N.v.   Ksi  is  \\  ..  .\  nil.,  was  erroneously 

reported    to    have    ehan^red    his    addre.ss    to 

KiKi    Walnut    Street,    i'hiladelphia    in    the 

.Ma\     issue    of    the    .Irwonr    EiKiiiiitr   iiiiil 

Ki.Ki,..     Xiiu.K,    I)..    Areh..    wlio    is   Se,-         \::Z{;,,;;Z^'{,,^\,;'"^';{^';:r»,"lA^^^        .lhn„nus.     n,    his    U-tter  of   .Iniie    UK    Mr. 

t    the    II sl.ike    Oil    (  o..    is    now  ..,..,..•    ,.'^.,,.'-      .1...      ,...T. 11         Mann    advises    the    Alumni    Kditor   that    lie 


lir     (■,...     is     now       residin-     .d      iUOII  h.ix,-     ;;.,t      lo      h,'     e\eee(lin;.dv      propilioii 

l.ooiiiis.   (hie.iL'o.  \im    see.   Cl.iiide.    I    can't    fret    around    like 

1906  !  '""'''  "^'■''  '"■.    ',''^'7  ■'"•:','-'"*  '"""', 

a     luonlli    111     the    hospit.il    where     I 

lieen   trviiifr  to  jxet   rid  of  an   al 

,      ,„    .,        .      ,,    ,        ,  IV    haek,"   and    the    effects    haven't    all  .  .      ,  ,       , 

nsidni^^     al      ll.llt     Htl,     .street,     (ohinihus,  ,„„.,|  „ff  ,.et.      Iiif:ht   now    I    feel   like  that         •;...    was   ,|uite    surprised   to    read    where 

^'     '■■'^''•'-  'on     th.-.t    till-    rihild    l.oet     wrol,.    ahoill     in         '     ''■"'    '•li'i"f-''-<l    '">     address    .    .    .    sinee    I 

Ki.vrni..    (  iiMiiis.    i:.!-:..    who    is    in    the  ;    •          ,1         ■     ...,.'    '     .               \-  \|  ,    \    "        ''-ivi'   I"'''"   located    in    .Mem], his  twenty-two 

C.Mislriiction    Dept.    I'WA.  is  now    residin-  "'      '       '          ..          ,,'              ^^  ,.  '.i       ,-,.  ',  ,"        \ears   and  still   pay    rent   on  my  otiicc-  here 

at    IN.-.I    N.oth    Daineii    Avenue.  Chicafio.  \iiniii     T    -h       '    1    ck '"if     ii       -ii'ln-'r"        at    f»(i7   Shrine    liniidin^'.   .  ." 

1907  K,d     ,    helicve    I    iini    on    the    lip.rad^  /J;";"     '^^.^^l}^     '''■••^''•■;'^^    ' •'■—■• 

WMiis.     Ill oi,i:.    M.K..    who    is    I'l.int  "I      suppose     .lohn     .lucker      (C.K.     ■!.-)) 

i:iii:inecr.    H.  (  .   .\.   .M  tV.  Co..  has    re,-entlv  or    soinelM)dy.    has     told     von     that     I     j;ot 

moved     to     :i:i7      Kin^j's     IliMhw.ay.     Wesi.  kind     of     messed     up     tw,,     ve.irs     a^^o.      I 

lladdonlichl.   N.  .1.                               '  t;ron]ided     tt.Ollll    volt 


if  Kstes  W.  M.iiin.  .Vrchitect.  Inc.  and  is 
also  I'resident  and  Treasurer  of  Kstes  W. 
Mann  &  Coinpaiiy,  Architects  and  Knf.'i- 
ncers.    with    offices     in    C.ri'enyille.    Missis- 

I  ono  Ime  concealed    in   the   trees  on    .i    mmiidain  "■''!',"■    ,  -,  ..,.,, 

,,  ,.  '7°  ,       .      ,.      ,  side.   i,sin,aoO(Moot   survevor's   tape   and  1 1  ,s  home   resKencc  is  21.0  .South    I'ark- 

Icuio.  K.    KiiMsi.   (  .K..    who    IS    P.irliier  „,^.    ,,^,^,^. "    ,    ^„||    ,.,,,,    ,^    surveying    crew  "■'•^     '•■'-'■    Memphis,     lenuessee    where    he 

u  The  •relia   Co..  has   recciillv    chan-ed  his  , „•,.,.„„„  '     ,    ,,„,,,,,..    ., ,■.*>„..    n,..,.,  I'''S    "   •    •    ■    a    wife    .ind    two    sons    to    look 


howeyer,    and    hohhle    around    after    them 
,,,  .                                                                                          nsinir   artificial    liinhs    and    a    cane,    except  ^,  ,  ,,  ,,  ,,       , 

<■ '|"••■'^"'■  „i„.r..  fi...  .„.;....  ;. 1,      \.„i    ;.,*,..  Sru.iv.v.N,    .losri-ii     Kiiwviius.    (.  .K.,    1 


address    to    hlsd     .South    (  oniell     ,\  venue.        „^.,,^^   artificial    1 s    and    a    cane,    except        ■■'»*'•'•>■'-■• 


■.ccnth     moved     to     121-. \     South    Taylor 
\ve..    Oak     I'ark.    Illinois. 


1918 


where  the  jroin/r  is  too  roiifrli.    .\nd   in   the 

1909  office   I   draw    with   the    pencil    hetween    tlu 

Koiiii.     TiKMivs     (Mil.     Ch.K..     who     is  middle     iin^rers     hecause     the     thiiinh     and 

Superintendent     .\nierican     .\spl,.dt     I'.iint  forc(ini;cr    are    pine    a.s    well    as    s.inie    of  |9|7 

Co..    Is    now    re.sidinff   .it    liilH    Cohh    lilvd..  the    liiifrers    on    the    other    hand.      I!ul    life  Haii,.     Kinnkiii     \'i:rri:K.     K.l'.K..    who 

K.inkakee,    Illinois,  is  sweet  .ind   iuterestiiifr.  as  it    alvv.ivs   was,        i,.,^    condueti-d    his    own    iiisiir.iiice    a;;ency. 

IIahv-iv.    .Iv.m::s    S..    M.K..    h;is    reecnilv  if   not   more  so."  is  now  a  lucmher  of  the  inspection  sl'iifl'  of 

,-han,L'ed    his    aildress    lo    S22    Mailison    St..  On    .May    2H.    IHKI.    Mr.    M.irx    wrote    to        ,|„.    ,,„iN„ia    Iiispe.dion    Hiire.iii    .iiid    is   lo- 

'■'■^■•"istou.    I is.  Mr.    Kuuepfer   in   ,,art    as    follows:  ,.,,,,.,,   i„    ,,„ii„„„p„l 

.Mc  K  viivii  vs.    K.iviii,    \'i,i,m:.    K.IM-'...    is  "It    was   nice   of   yon    to   answer   my    let 

now    residing:    at    (i."i7    Ncif    Ho.id.    Detroit.  ter   and   tell   me   a    I'ittle   more   aliout  "vonr 

.Mich,  self.    I    haec   read  the  ro.ster  several   times.  Bkovm.s,  ,Ioiin    1  iwis.   K.K..  who  is  willi 

liii.KXiioHi.  Ki.WAKu  I).,  (  .K.,   Kxeciitive  It   apjiears  that  the  class  of  IHl.o  has  done        H"'    Keonomy    Fuse    \-    M  !>.    Co..    has    re- 

Kiifrincer  for  the  I'lihlic   I'tility   Kiifrineer-  well.     I    am    proud    of   the    fact    that    prae-        eently    chan-ed     his     .iddress    to    Mr,'.>     N. 

iiifr    &    .Service    Corji..    is    now  '  residiufr   at  tically  all  are  industrialists  and  have  kept         Itockwcll.  Cliicai;o. 

r,r,r,r,    Shcrid.in    Hd..    Cliiia<:o.  their'  noses    out    of    the    pnhlie    feed    ha^r.  IlAiiry,    Ohhin     I.    .In..    Ch.K..    who    is 

lOin  which  is  jroinj.'  some,  for  cnfiineers.    .\nd    I        Chief    Chemist    for   the    I.oiie    Star   Ceinenl 

,,  '^'^  .am  esi.eeially   proud  of  you    few  who   h.ave        C"rp.  is  now  r.-sidiu-  al    t2il(i  CJilhert.  Dal- 

niUNsr   i.v.      l.vKoii,    h..  (  .K..   who    is   a  |„.,,„„;.  ..,.„„■„„',,..    ,„valisls.  ki^.   Tex. 

S.desman    tor    llall-.irlcn    \    Co..    h.is     re-  ..■^■^     ^    ,,,.,,^.,.,|    ,,,-|„.    .,     ,,|,„.    ,|re,im    ..f  |9I9 

•■.'■"'I.v   changed    his ress   to   2.1    S.    la-  ,„iiie       wl  at     I     said    al l'  a'tteudin.    II  '^'^ 

Salle    St..    Clue.lf.oi. 

WiiiTMoir:.   H  vv.   l-:.V...  who   is   KK-clrical 


K  vv  MOM,    Oiivii,.    K.K..    wh. 


iHiMily-liflh     reunion.      I     I, ,1,1    in.v     sur-,-oii  |.,,.,i,i,.„,    „f    ,|„.    |  ;n  ne- W,-slerii    Co..    li.is 

Te^,'r'7'une;   nV,mm.r'Vu"^rnorr,''id'         '     """''''     '"    ''"     "'^''-      "''    '"'"'''''^     ""''  '■'■•'•■"tlv    "-'V.l    I-     1"1"    W-    :i!'th    Stre,.|. 

w  I  'It  Ul    I M'       lit",    nil.    .1^    1  'H     mc,     1    slum  Ul  i.' ., .,. ...    /■■;»,.    \i ,. 

^^IJ"      ''"'     "^ ^"""'     ^'''"^""^•■•■-        ^.--    i"    1-    ward    on    my    haek    for    three         '^Ta    Z.l'-    Am  xamii:,.    S..  Ch.K..   y    he 

mouths    if     1    entert.iined    .inv     disin-     tor  n.iehed  at    B.ix    l.-):i.  Oak    Park.   III. 

I"ll                                               tiilure    circiil.itiou.  Wii.iioH.    .Ioiin     Uoimikx,    Ch,K,.    who    is 

K.M.MoNs.    (Ill, r    C.     F..K..    who    is    .-I             "However.    I,,iir    w.dls    d I    :,    pns,,n  |)i,.ecl„r    .ind     .\ssistant    to    I'residciil     of 

Consulting    Kiifriueer    f,,r    I  he    (ommer.i.il         ni.d^e.     This   \, -Is    h,,spil,,l   is  :,    p.,la,,-.  ;iiid  \\;,,||,,,„,s    oil    (•,,.,    h,,s    recently    ch.anp-d 

leslint:    iSc    Kiifrineeriiifr    Co.,    li.is    r,-,-,nllv         I     liav,'    ;i     |,nv.ilc    ,■,11.       \iid     tlu-    iiiirs.-s  ^^-^  ;,,|,h-,-ss  I,,   ISMI  Crovi-lamI  .\ye..   Iliirh 

c'haiified    his    address    I,,    :i2l     \.    Khiiu I         ireu'l   "11  h.ifrs.    l',-,,ple.  in,hidiui;   mv    wil,-  i,,,,,,    p.,^,.     ,|| 

.\yciiu<'.  Oak    Park.    III.                                                    and    sons,   com,-    in    I,,    s,-,.    „„■.     1    r,a,l   .ind  \V,  n  ,,  „:,,„.     Uwvh.m,     K..    C.K..     who     i- 

Sackiiii.m.   .Sol.    K.K..    wh,,    is    ,a    Math,--        »  i  lie   and    listen    I,,   llw    r.adi,,.  ^.,1,.,^    Manaiicr,   S.    \V.   Ni,h,,ls  C,,.,  is   now 

lu.ilics     Teach.-r     al     the     H,„,sevelt      llinh            "'    li"l'<-   'I"'    reunion    is   .a    sm.ishiii^'    sue-  n-Odini:   .d'liio.-.    NIU       Ulili.'..    Clevel.iml 

Sell has   rc.-cntlv   movi-d  lo    l(l:U   F,,r-o.        ''ess.      Ph^as,-    reiiienihcr    mc    to    tin-    hoys.  o,,,,, 

Chi,-,,:;,,.                                                                               .111,1      especi.illy      I,,      II.ir,,ld      K.      Anniiif;  1920 

.Srivixs.     Wncr     A..    C.lv.    has     r,.,-,-nllv         (  C.  K.  '  1  li ) .  my   w  .,sl  r,-M  win   of  ,,th,-r  d.iys  \  >  ui  kso.n,    I  lo.Mi  i,    Ki  i.iKV.  C.K..   w  l„.   i- 

iii.,v,-,i    I,,   2.S    .\,:.,l,iuv    Str,-et.   ( i  re,-nw  i,h.        "  lioni     1    k,-pt    ,.ul    of    T.iu     ll,t,,     Pi:    .md  „i,|,  ,|„.   x^-,.„.   Y,„-k    1  ife   Insurance  Co..   i- 

\.    V.                                                                                           ,l,.hn  .lueki'r  .Ir..  Ill,-   IV1I..W    with   Ihc  hlaek  ,„,„      ...-sidiufr     at     77.-.      Post     Street.     Sa, 

1912  l.air    on    his    cheek    hones;    and    Ihal     thin-  |.-,.„ncisco.  California. 

,,,,,,       ,.      „,,„,,       ,,■  I.-       ,,        :                skniued  and  thick-putted   Irishman,  .loseph  Cor,  ,.n:ii.   Maksii  ai  i    I )  v  M,  i  .   M  .K..   w  h. 

Van,  lion       FudiV          wif,      ,1          I'lli?    i          ''     "'"^"•'     <<"''"'-     '^''^  '     "'"'     "'■'•'"■"'     ''  is  Hie  owner  of  the   M .  ( iot  I  lieh  .V  Co..  h.,- 

\.iln.,lion       I,,,;.,,,,,,       will,      the       llhnms        ,,,,    ,..,„    ,-,-,uii   my    next    door   nei^hhors   at  ,,a-enlly     niove.l     t„     the     Knihassv      Hot,! 

Kr.iiilin.      I     wish     1     ,-,„d,l     h,-    pr,s,-iil     in  (  lii,-:,;;;,. 

p,0-s,,ll       I,,      ,\,h.ll1i;,-      ins, ills       with       lh,s,-  l.iAVIS,     lilN.IV.VIIN      \\,,ii.    (    h.l'',..     wh,.     is 

1913  ^j.nlh-Mi.ii.  S.ilesman   for  \Vishnick-Tiiiii|H-er.   In,-.,  li.is 
Si  iiiii  11,1  1,.  .l,,iiN     \..    ,\I.i:.,   who    is    .S,-,--                                             \-   evir.  recently   ehaiified  his  :i,ldn'ss   I,,  .",111    F,.isl 

rcl.ii-y  ,iml   (iencr.d    .\lanaj;cr   tor    liamliiis                                                       Fniniel    It.    \l:irx"  X'iew    Park,   Chicafio. 

38 


C,,iiii,i,-r,v   C,,mniissi,,ii.   is   ii,,w    rcsidinir  :<{ 
1!I2I    Washint^P.n    I'.lv,!,.    Chi, ml',,. 


1921 

.Majian/,.  I.i:(.  S.,  M.E.,  wlui  is  Salf> 
Manager,  Tuthill  Puiii])  Co.,  is  now  resid- 
ing at  4.940  East  End   Ave.,  fhicafio.  III. 

1922 

FiLiz,  Hakhy  T..  Ind.  Arts,  who  is 
State  Director.  WPA  .\dult  Educati.m 
Program,  recently  moved  to  673(j  Dorclus 
ter  Ave.,  Chicago. 

KiKHX,  Otto.  M.E.,  who  is  an  Automo- 
tive Engineer,  Standard  Oil  Co.,  is  now  re- 
siding at  571(1  N'.  Rockwell  Street,  Chi- 
cago. 

Olskx.  Mahvix  K.,  M.E.,  who  is  Devel- 
ojiment  Engineer  for  .Sears  Roebuck  i"v 
Co.,  has  recentiv  moved  to  4S9  Hawthorn,- 
.-Vve.,  Glen  Ellyn,  111. 

Sloax.  Arthi'R  H.,  E.E.,  who  is  a 
Salesman  for  Williams  Oil-0-.Matic  Heat- 
ing Corp.,  has  recentiv  moved  to  (iliHi 
Stony   Island,   Chicago.  " 

W'li-riiN.MKiKR.  FR^:n  O.,  M.E..  who  is 
Chief  EngiTieer  for  Wittenmeicr  .Machin- 
ery Co.,  is  now  residinL'  at  ttl-l-  X.  \Vo|- 
eott,  Chicago. 

1923 

Frkdkrick.  Fria)  G..  C.E..  who  is  -\s- 
sistant  Engineer  with  the  Indiana  Har- 
bor Belt  R.R..  has  recentiv  changed  his 
address  to  4+10  Drexel  Klvd. 

Si.oAX.  .JosKPii  S.,  M.E.,  who  is  a  sales- 
man for  DuRois  Co..  has  recentiv  changed 
his  address  to  .330.5  Hyde  Park."  Chicago. 

Smith.  Ormas  ti..  C.E..  who  is  Engineer 
af  Buildings.  Illinois  Bell  Telephone  Co.. 
is  now  residing  at  (iloi  North  Campliell 
Avenue,  Chicago. 

Spkctor.  Morris.  E.E..  who  is  a  Patent 
Attornev,  has  recentiv  changed  his  ad- 
dress to'  7710  Colfax   .\venue.  Chicago. 

1924 

HiAi-n-ss.  \Vii.i,ia.ii  H..  M.E..  wh.i  is 
.vith  the  American  Potash  &  Chemical 
ror])..  has  recently  moved  to  4240  Tosca 
Road.  Girard,  Calif. 

Hraxdt.  Robert  I...  .\rch.,  who  is  a 
Partner  of  Alexander  &  Brandt,  has  re- 
.•ently  changed  his  address  to  .5*30  Har- 
•ison   Street,   Chicago. 

j  Brostoit.  Harry  M..  C.E..  has  recently 
Inoved  to  5009  .Sheridan  Road. 
I  Dribeck.  Maurice  Allex.  M.E..  wlio 
s  a  Designing  Engineer  for  the  Water 
iPurification  De]it..  now  resides  at  US  K. 
Pedar  .Street,  Chicago. 

Eidexberc.  Hexry.  M.E..  wlio  is  the 
Iwner  of  the  General  Store  Fixture  Co.. 
recently  changed  his  address  to 
4-53  Greenview   Avenue.  Chicago. 

Kaeiii.er.  ,\rtiur  W.,  Ch.E..  who  is  a 
"hemist  for  the  Chicago  Extruded  Metals 
<)..  has  recently  changed  liis  address  to 
540  Wrightwood.  Chicago.  Illinois. 

.McDowell.    Tiio.mas    E..    E.E..    who    is 
!'hief  Engineer  for  the   Pyle  National  Co.. 
IS    recentiv    moved    to    1010    Ni>.    Grove 
ve..  Oak   Park.   111. 

Raxsox,     Richard     R..      K.K..     who      is 
lectrical     Engineer     with     Cutler     Hani- 
ner.  Inc..  is  now  residinsr  at  4951  N.  Ncw- 
lall   St..  .Milwaukee,  Wise. 

ixKoRx.  Earl  R..  F.P.F"..  was  recently 

nade    .Superintendent    of    .\gents    for    the 

at  .\inerican   Groii]i  of  Insurance  Cos. 

x'o    territory    has    been    assigned    but    his 

luties  will   include  supervision  of  the   En- 

neering    Department. 

Soi.o.Mox.  Harry.  C.F...  who  is  a  Struc- 
ural  Engineer  for  Rolierts  &:  Scliaefer. 
iiw  residing  at  51 U  N.  Central  Park 
\venue,  Chicago. 

TiRRY.  EroEXE  ,1..  F.P.F...  is  now  .1 
nemher  of  the  staff  of  the  Insuranc 
'onunissioner's  office  of  the  State  of 
Visconsin.  It  is  understood  he  will  ha\i' 
larticnlar  charge  of  the  State  Fund  In- 
urance  Dejiartment.    Terry  has  been  con- 


CLASSIFIED   ADVERTISEMENTS 


Building    Suppli' 


BUICK-CADILLAC 

Sales  and  Sen-ice 

FRED   C.   DIERKING 

Class    of    lal2 

3860  Ogden  Avenue 
Chicago,    Illinois 

Crawford    4100 


BORG  &  BECK 

DIVISION   OF   BORG-WARNER   CORP. 

Manufacturers 

of 

Automotive  Clutches 

6558  S.  Menard  Ave.     Chicago,  III. 


General  purpose  bronze  bush- 
ings— Special  bushings,  plain 
or  babbitt  lined,  to  your  blue 
prints — Bronze  cored  and  solid 
bars — Laminated  shim  sheets — 
Bearings  rebabbitted. 

FEDERAL-MOGUL  SERVICE 

(  icfory   2488  Calumet   4213 

192.3  S.   Calumet  Ave., 

Chicago.  111. 
II.   C.   SKINNER,   M.E.'IS 


DEAL      WITH 

OUR 

ADVERTISERS 


C.  H.  ANDERSON 
FLOOR    COMPANY 


WOOD   FLOOR 
CONTRACTORS 


80  E.  JACKSON   BLVD. 
Wab.  0242 
CHICAGO 


SERVING     CHICAGO'S     LEAD- 
ING   ARCHITECTS    SINCE    1892 

S.N.  NIELSEN 
COMPANY 


BUILDING 
CONSTRUCTION 


3059      AUGUSTA      BOULEVARD 
CHICAGO  -  ILLINOIS 

Soren   N.   N,elsen,   Presiaent 
EHer   R.   N;.;!se'-,   '16    V.-Pres.   &  Trgas. 


LUMBER 

for 

Industrial  Purposes 

WHOLESALE  OR  RETAIL 

• 

SCHENK  LBR.  CO. 

6601    So.  Central  Ave. 
Hem.  3300 

"Tbe  Only  Yard  id  the  Clearing  Diet.' 


39 


Candles    and    Ciqa 


D.  D.  PRODUCTS  CORP. 

Makers  of  "Taiigy-Rich" 
Chorohite  Products 

I  124  W.  59+h  Street 
Wentworth    4441 


Consulting    Engl 

neers 

INDUSTRIAL  FURNACES 

l„r  All  Pur,, 

,,s,., 

,  Natural  Gal 
,       11               )  Coke    Oven   G 
To   Ute:       ■.  qh 

\  Producer  Ga» 

"  |-     As  Fuel. 

FLINN   &    DREFFEIN 

308   West  Washing 

Chicago,    llli 

COMPANY 
on   Street 

loll 

Complimenfs  of 

MIDWAY  CIGAR 
FACTORY 

WHOLESALE 

CIGARS.      CIGAREHES,      TOBACCOS. 
CANDIES.   GLOVES   AND   SUNDRIES 


221    West  63rd  Street 

J  2488 

Phones:   Englewood  <  2489 

(2266 


Compliments 

PIONEER  CANDY  CO. 

Wholesale    Confectioners 

CIGARS  —  CIGARETTES 

and 

FOUNTAIN   SUPPLIES 


3211   Ogden  Ave. 


Chicago 


WALTER  H.  FLOOD  &  CO. 

CHEMICAL    ENGINEERS 

INSPECTION     AND     TESTING     OF     MATERIALS 
AND    STRUCTURES 

CONCRETE    CORE    CUTTING    IN 

WALLS,     CEILINGS,     FLOORS,     PAVEMENTS, 

COLUMNS,    FOUNDATIONS,    ETC, 

822    E.   42nd    St..    Chicago 

Tdfiihones:   ATLantic  0011.  0012.  0013 

Concrete    Brealtlnq 


Phone:    Normal  0900 

WANTED:  A  HARD  JOB! 

Chicago  Concrete  Breaking 
Company 

BLASTING  EXPERTS 

WITH    A    NATION    WIDE    REPUTATION 

Kemovnl    of 
MACHINERY    FOUNDATIONS— ROCK 
SALAMANDERS  — SLAG    DEPOSITS  — 
CONCRETE   STACKS  — VAULTS     ETC. 


G247  Indiana  Ave.       Chicago,  DL 


E.  H.  MARHOEFER,  JR.  CO. 

CONTRACTORS 

Merchandise  Mart 

Superior    7811 

CHICAGO 


Drawing     Materials 


The  fTorld's  Finest 

Surveying  Instruments 

• 

DRAWING   INSTRUMENTS 

SLIDE  RULES 

MEASURING  TAPES 

Uneqiiivocnlly  Guaranteed 

• 

KEUFFEL  &  ESSER  CO. 
of  N.  Y. 

520    South    Dearborn    St.  Chicago 


Drawing  Materials 
THE  FREDERICK  POST  CO. 

Hamlin    and    Avondale    Avenues 
CHICAGO 


Illinois    Electric    Porcelain 
Company 

MAC0M8.     ILLINOIS 

E.  J.  BURRIS 

DtstricI  Kcpresentative 
Tfltohone     Fr.inklin    8900 

20    North    Wacker    Drive.    Chicago.    Illinois 


(inui.iislv  cimm.rtcd  with  the  Wisconsin 
lin-  liiMir:im-r  Uatin^'  liiiri-aii  siiire  19JV 
.mil  ri-iTiillv  (lid  si-rviiv  work  ill  the  west 
|.or-li,,M  ,,f   Slilw:iiiki-c. 

VuiiiiiiDi.NC.  I'lun  1  ..  V.V.V...  who  is  In- 
s|„.t,,r  will,  tlif  Clii<-at.">  Hoard  of  Under- 
urit.rs.  i^  iiMW  ri-sidinf.'  at  2111  Campbell, 

WvlwuHTM,     Ultll.MID    HkSHY.    M.K.,   wllo 

Is  with  tlu-  ThoMipson  I'rodiic-ls  Co.,  has 
MM-rntlv  rhaofird  his  addrrss  to  W.W 
lli-ctwoo,l,    Detroit.    Mieh. 

1925 

liisiioi'  (  uvi:  It..  K.K..  who  i-  .\ssistant 
X.lvertisinfr  Manacer  f..r  the  I'lihlie  Serv- 
i,v  Co..  is  now  residing'  .it  I"Jil  Hull  Ter- 
r.iee,   Kvanston,   III. 

FmiiLiiiiK.  .loiiN  It..  K.l'...  who  IS  an 
liKliislri.il  Knpineer  with  the  Wisconsin 
r..wer  ^;  I.iplit  Co..  is  now  resldinf.'  at 
.'ii.".(l    Chamhcrlain    .St..    Madison,    Wise. 

l-"niseii,  JosKi-ii  P..  C.K..  who  is  Tresl- 
(U-Tit  of  the  Frisch  Cor)),  recently  chaiified 
his  .iddn'ss  to  .")H!I  Mi'lrose.  Kenilworth. 
111. 

(liiii  \.  I.oiis  Spknckh,  F.P.E.,  who  is 
,11,  insjieelor  for  the  Missouri  Inspection 
Itineau.  reeentlv  chanjied  his  address  to 
111)7  W.  UTth  Street.  Kansas  City.  .Missouri. 

.Smith.  Hobkht  .\..  .Ir.,  Arch.,  who  is 
with  tlie  .\nieriean  Sash  &  Door  Co.,  has 
reeentlv  changed  his  address  to  Sta.  B. 
r,o\   t: !.")?,  Kansas  City,  Missouri. 

Wiisos.  H.sRRisos  b.,  .Ir..  K.E..  who  is 
Distrihiition  Enfrinecr,  Chicapo  Hapul 
Tr.insit  Co..  has  reeentlv  moved  to  ■l()").i 
1  .ik,.   I',irl<    .\ve..  Chica}.'0. 

1926 

HiiiMAN.  Wii.iiA.M.  Ch.E..  who  IS  a 
(  heiiiieal  Enfrineer  for  Ciineo  Press,  has 
reeentlv  chanped  his  address  to  Iil40  No. 
Clareiiiont  St..  Chicago. 

HiioiK  .\.  C;,vi.T.  Ml'...  wh..  is  Opera- 
li,,ns  M.inafrer  of  .\rthur  Kiil.lolY  S;  Co..  is 
now    residin;:    at    l-'.'it    1  .ike    Shore    Drive, 

ClllciL'O. 

do R.   I.isML   ()..  E.K..  who  is   .Vssoei- 

,,|e  Professor.  Chie.i-o  Technical  College. 
Is  now  residing  at  W\^^  Greenview  Ave- 
nue,  Chicago. 

HiSS.XNIlKR.       M.VRTIS        Cl.VBKNlK.       M.E.. 

«ho  is  Secretarv-Treasurer.  .\lhin  J.  lie- 
iiold.  Inc.  is  now  residiiifr  at  ].52fi  Wash- 
iiifiton   Ave..  Wilnictte.  111. 

Nkmoidi:.  P,m  I.  Aic.rsT.  M.E..  who  is 
.111  Estimator.  Cont.iiner  Cor)),  of  Anier- 
ie.i  has  recently  elianped  his  address  to  2(i 
W.ildem.ir   Drive.   Willonj-'hliy.  Ohio. 

.Siiiriii.,  Don.i  \s  H..  M.E..  who  is  Di.s- 
Iriet  .S.iles  Manager.  The  U.  F.  Stnrtevant 
Co..  is  now  residiiif.'  .il  2tt  Ninth  Street, 
S.iii    Francisco.  Calif, 

lioii,  Wmtir  H..  Arch,,  may  he 
,.,,,, ,.|i,,, I     ,,,|      I'.o.     Ho\     II.'.    Silver     1  ..lUe, 


W 


1927 


,\iiMRi.  1  oris  P..  F.P.E..  who  is  an 
Fn.'iniir  f.u-  llie  Fireman's  F'und  Insur- 
;,iuv  Co,.  Is  now  resiilinfr  at  1202  North 
Dicxel.    Imli.in.ipolis.    Indiana. 

Di:\x.  Harrv  F..  C.K..  who  is  a  Drafts 
man  in  the  l".  S.  Enfrineer  OtIice.  recently 
moved  to  lilM-  C.orsiicli  .\ve..  Haltimore. 
\Id. 

FivNN.  Fra.scis  Wii.MAM,  E.E..  who  IS 
,1  Icicher.  Chlcapi  Hoard  of  Education, 
h.is  reeentlv  moved  lo  S00<)  W.  Wood, 
(  hie.-.po.  _ 

ki  vr.  .Iamis  W..  I'. P. I'...  is  now  Special 
\L'enl  for  the  N.itional  Insurance  Co.  of 
ll.irtfonl  with  heailiiiiarters  in  Kansas  I 
lily.  Missouri,  lie  will  handle  the  entirej 
Sla'le  of  Missouri.  Kent  has  recently  been  | 
in  eharpe  of  the  S|irin}.'lielil  otlice  of  the 
Missouri  Inspection  Mureau  where  it  is  j 
imdersloiKl   he  did   an  oiitst.indinp  Job. 

I  ,)i:ii.  I-Hi:m:RU-  W..  E.E.,  who  is  in  the 
Linancial     Research    division    of     Spiegel, 


40 


Inc.,  lias  recently  moved  to  6811  Paxton 
Avenue,  Chicago. 

I.UKKY,  J.  G::ralj),  E.E.,  wlio  is  Assis- 
tant Power  Supervisor,  Pulilic  Service 
Co.,  has  recentlv  changed  liis  address  to 
P.  O.   Box  .512,  Northbrook,  Illinois. 

M.^BLow,  N'icHOL-xs  H.,  M.E.,  who  is  an 
Instructor  in  Mechanical  Drawing  at 
Schurz  High  .School,  has  recently  changed 
his  address  to  4109  N.  Kedvale  Avenue, 
Chicago. 

M.iVZZoxE,  Samuel  A.,  .\rch.,  who  is  a 
Draftsman  with  S.  A.  Marx,  Architect,  is 
now  residing  at  20.5  Oak  Street,  Elmhurst, 
III. 

Ross,  Harold  E.,  M.E.,  who  Is  an  Engi- 
neer for  Carrier  Corp.,  has  recently  moved 
to  1234  N.  Wovde  St.,  Sherman,  Texas. 

St.  Clair,  Charli;s  Thumax,  Arch.,  has 
recently  changed  his  address  to  1390  Birch 
Street,  Denver,  Colo. 

Sleley,  Cl.\hexce  H.,  Ch.  E.,  who  is  a 
Patent  Solicitor  for  the  Standard  Oil  Co., 
has  recently  changed  his  address  to  934;3 
S.  Ada  Street,  Chicago. 

St.\hl,  Elmer  W.,  E.E..  who  is  a  Re- 
search Engineer,  Crane  Co..  is  now  resid- 
ing at   7814   Michigan   Avenue,   Chicago. 

1928 

Dahlgrex,  Harold  Tuorw.\ld.  E.E., 
who  is  Chief  of  Manufacturing  Develo])- 
ment  for  the  Teletype  Corp.,  is  now  resid- 
ing at  427  Cumberland  .\ve.,  Park  Ridge, 
Illinois. 

HiGGixs,  Edg.\r  James,  .\rch.,  who  is 
Secretary  and  Treasurer,  Reed  &  Higgins, 
Inc.,  has  recently  moved  to  6238  Forest 
Avenue,  Hammond,  Indiana. 

JoHxsox,  Halyard  T.,  F.P.E.,  who  is 
with  the  Illinois  Inspection  Bureau,  is  now 
residing  at  .5621   Emerald,  Chicago. 

Kramer,  Leroy-  A.,  Ch.E.,  who  is  with 
the  \'ictor  Chemical  Co.,  has  moved  to  -380 
\V.  16th  St.,  Chicago  Heights,  111. 

M.WY,  Kext  I..,  F.P.E.,  who  is  Special 
Agent  for  America  Fore  Insurance  & 
Indemnity  Group  is  now  residing  at  7 
North  Meridian  Street.  Indianapolis,  In- 
diana. 

Payxe,  Frederick  David.  F.P.E.,  is  now 
Special  Agent  for  the  N'ew  York  Under- 
writers Insurance  Co.  with  headquarters 
in  Indianapolis.  He  will  cover  the  Indiana 
field  doing  both  engineering  and  general 
agency  work.  When  Payne  was  graduated 
from  .\rniour  he  went  with  the  Wisconsin 
Fire  Insurance  Rating  Bureau  where  he 
gained  valualjle  experience  in  rating  and 
engineering  matters.  In  1930  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  Indiana  Inspection  Bureau 
where  for  several  years  he  has  done  en- 
gineering work  in  the  Indianapolis  area. 
Outside  of  his  very  major  interest  in  liis 
family  he  has  done  some  amateur  garden- 
ing and  has  taken  an  active  part  in  the 
Signal  Coriis  of  the  Indiana  Xational 
Guard. 

S5IETHELI.S,  ,Toiix  M.,  F.P.E.,  has  lieen 
appointed  Special  .\gent  for  the  Detroit 
Fire  and  Marine  Insurance  Co.  to  cover 
territory  immediately  surrounding  Detroit. 
Jack  has  been  with  the  Michigan  Inspec- 
tion Bureau  since  his  graduation  from 
Armour. 

1929 

FoBss,  Fritz  \iciob.  E.E.,  who  is  with 
the  Independent  Pneumatic  Tool  Co.,  re- 
cently moved  to  542  Bangs  Street,  .\urora. 
Illinois. 

Gerstel,  Leox.vrd,  E.E.,  Member  E.  M. 
GiTstel  &  Co..  is  now  residing  at  4721 
Dnx.-l    Blvd.,   Chicago,   111. 

.'riRGExsox,  Fred  Hexry,  E.E.,  who  is 
I'.liitrical  Engineer  .\nierican  Telephone 
\  Itlegraph  Co.,  is  now  residing  at  47.5 
Mnntrose,  Elmhurst,  111. 


Electrical    Equipment 


"BBB" CARBON 

.   .   .  since   1890 

Electrical     and     Mechanical 
Carbon   Products 

BECKER  BROTHERS  CARBON  CO. 

3450  S.  52nd   Ave.,   Cicero.   Crawford  2260 


Chicaso  Transformer 
Corporation 

3501    ADDISON  STREET 
Chicago,  Illinois 

Independence    I  120 


Electrical    Equipment 


ELECTRICAL  WINDINGS 
INCORPORATED 

DESIGNERS  and  MANUFACTURERS  of 
ELECTRICAL  WINDINGS  AND  SPECIALTIES 

910  WEST  LAKE  STREET 

CHICAGO,  ILL. 

Telephone   SEEIey   6400 


Phone  Randolph  1125 
All    Departments 

GOLDBERG    &    O'BRIEN 
ELECTRIC  CO. 

ELECTRICAL     ENGINEERS    AND 
CONTRACTORS 

OFFICE     AND     PLANT 

17  Sojth   Jefferson   Street 
Chicago,   Illinois 


"Save  with  Sajety 

on 

FLUORESCENT  FIXTURES 

Sign    and    Illumination    Supplies 

INTERNATIONAL  NEON  PRODUCTS 

16    N.    May    St,  Chicago,    III. 

H,  Epstein  Class    20 


COMMERCIAL  LIGHTING 

FLOOD  LIGHTS 
FLUORESCENT  FIXTURES 

MULTI  ELECTRICAL  MFG.  CO. 

1840  W.    14th   St.,   Chicago,    III. 


The  Mark  of 
ELECTRICAL 


Quality    in 
ADVERTISING 


CLAUDE  NEON  FEDERAL  CO. 

NEON  AND   ZEON  SIGNS 

225  North  Michigan  Ave. 
Chicago,  Illinois 


LIGHTING  FIXTURES 

and 
ELECTRICAL  SUPPLIES 

TRIANGLE  ELECTRIC  CO. 

600  West  Adams  Street 
Chicago 

Jack  l!>rni»  lil.  H.Wmarket  626i 


Erectors 

MILLWRIGHTS— POWER     TRANSMISSI 
MACHINERY  — ENGINEERS 

ON 

Dearborn    6910 

THE  INDUSTRIAL  ERECTORS, 

Inc. 

188  W.   RANDOLPH   STREET 

SIDNEY    1.    COLE.    (Class    1928 

CHICAGO 

Handling    Equipment 

Serson  Hardware 
Company 

Kst,itili5hed     1907 

INUUSTRI.AL  SUPPLIES— SHEET 

MET.\L  WORK 

109  East  Thirtv-First  Street 

CHICAGO 

PWe    Victor,    n::^ 


GOLDENROD 
ICE  CREAM 

Served  exclusively 
at 

ILLINOIS  INSTITUTE 
OF  TECHNOLOGY 


41 


McnoNAin.  NoKMAN,  M.K.,  Own.r  of 
Niiniiaii  .NUl)i)iial(l  A:  Cn..  i>  ni.w  rcsidiii).' 
Ml   .'.-,lii  Cn.-i,    H.iv    liii.ul.   I•■.v:ln^t.m.    III. 

Miihs.  Kmm  WArkMi.  l-:.l'...  has  n-<-iiitlv 
r,Hn,<l  t..  Ml  N.  \\:,r\r\  Av.-liur,  O.ik 
I'.irk.  in. 

.Mm. UK,  .\i.i:x,  CM'...  Willi  is  HcsuUiit 
Kn^'iii.-tr,  Clink  Ciuiiitv  Ili^'luvav  Dipt.. 
h.is  rro-iillv  .■liaii^'rd  hi-  a.ldn-ss  to  .ill 
N.  C.il.-.   Iii\.i-   I'on-sl.   Illinois. 

Mill  I.N.  WlM.l  11  .\\HON.  .\irli.,  ul„,  is 
a  r.iiliH-i-  ol  1  .it/  \  .Mullili.  lias  laiTiilU 
riiovcl    t,,    |.-,im;    Tilth    .St.,     K.iH.sli.i,    Wis- 

.Srniiiiiiiu;,  WiMUM  Ni.iioi.xs,  .\n-li., 
wlio  is  lii-^ristrar  of  the  Kv.-iiinii  l)ivisi,.ii 
.it  .\riMoiir.  is  iiiiw  i-.-siiliiit:  at  Si:!ii  I  .1- 
fav.-ttc    .\v.-llll.-,   Cliica).'!!. 

Siiaiii.no.  C'l.AllKi;  1  .,  CI''...  wlin  is  «illi 
111.-  Cfiicral  Kli-ctrii-  Co..  is  11, .«  r.sidinn 
at    llillL'    Iliiitiiaii    .\vc.,    Kx.insloii.    111. 

1930 

B::.vi-rv.  .S 1  v  m  1  v  An  vs.  I'.l'.i:..  Ii.is 
iT.viitIv  iiiovrd  to  liltiii  Iiifrlrsiil.-  .\m-.. 
Cliirapi,   Illinois. 

CAKI..S0.N.  Ci.Mii  Ml  1...  .M.K..  will,  is  a 
S.ilcsin.in  for  W  .  1',  Nrviiis  Co.,  is  now 
rrsidiii;.r  at    |:i|ii    I  mil     \m-iiik-,  Cliicaj.'!). 

Cl.NTIIlH.     .\l. 111111    (11  MIl.KS,     K.l'.K.,    lias 

lic.-ii  apiMiiiitcd  Stair  .\(.'<-iit  for  tin-  Na- 
tional l-'irc  (;roii|i  of  Insiirancr  Cos.  in 
Miiim-sota.  lit-  has  h.-ni  Special  Au.iil 
for  the  saiiir  roinpaiiii's  workiiiij  ( tliio 
from    lifail(|iiartcrs    in    Coliiniluis. 

I.OSS.MA.N,      .IdSKl'll       Ku'lIAKn.       I'M'. I'...       is 

now  .1  Special  Kepresciitativc  for  the  Oil 
Insurance  .\ssociafion  with  Iieadipiarlers 
at  Tulsa,  Okla.  After  leavintr  Aniionr. 
I  ossnian  went  with  the  Ohio  Inspei-tion 
llureaii  anil  for  the  ].ast  three  years  has 
l.een  an  eiiijineer  with  the  rearl-'Alnerie.in 
Meet   of   Insiiraiua-  Cos. 

.Mkvkii,  Maim-in,  .\i-<-h.,  \v  ho  is  with 
l.lovds  Property  Owners  .\ssii..  is  11, ,«  re- 
sidinjr  at  :!.)1:."'.    I'ine  Crove,  (  liica-o. 

Mi-Ki.i.KR,  Akthih  .Ions,  (  h.K.,  uho  is 
with  Ford  Ho]ikins  Co..  is  now  residing'  at 
.")l).'il   \.   Major   .\yeniie,  Cliica^'o. 

Mri.i.iNs,  H.\Hi.i:v  W'li.i.Aiui,  F.I'.I-',..  who 
is  with  National  Fire  Insurance  Co.,  h.is 
rec.-ntly  nioM-d  to  J.-iii  liuekinf.'li.iiii  Drive. 
Indianapolis.    Ind. 

I'am.,  Don  Mil  .iosii'ii,  K.l'.K..  is  now 
n-sidin^'  at    Ilili:i!l  Chalfonte,  Detroit.  .Mich. 

KosK.  .Ia.ii  :s  .1.,  C.K.,  has  reeeiith 
ehan-ed  his  address  to  Del.iixe  Cam).,  I  as 
.\niiiias,   Colo. 

\Vi:s-i-.  Urssiii,  .\ ..  (  .K.,  who  is  Special 
Knfrineer  with  (  .irncfrie  Illinois  Steel  C... 
has  reei-nlly  nioM-d  to  7Sl(i  S.-ii;iiiaw  Am-.. 
Chicafio. 

/OI.MMI.M  AN  .N.     KUA.NK     (  )  I'l  O,    K.K.,    W  111!    is 

.1  Salesman.  Westin-lionse  Klectric  KU- 
yator  Co..  has  recently  cliaiified  his  address 
to   IJ7    N.    Iliiniphr.-y    .\ye..  Oak    Park.    III. 

1931 

AiiAzoms.  \'ii(.  ,1.,  .M.I-:.,  who  is  .in  l-'.ii- 
frineer  of  fiiniitiire  desijrnin^'  for  the  N.i 
tional  .Mineral  Coiiip.iny.  has  rei-eiilh 
<-liaiif:ed  Ins  address  I,.  .'(i:iK  North  I'lil.iski 
Iliiad,  Chi.-afro. 

HooKl:u.  I.rliov  W.,  I-  I'.l-:.,  who  is  Sales 
Secretary  for  Nati.mal  Old  line  Ins.  Co.. 
has  recently  inined  to  L'diil  N.  I  iliiion- 
St..   Kittle    i{ock.   Arkans.is. 

DiiKi.i.,  IsAiioui;  I,.,  Ch.K..  wli.i  is  wilh 
the    Clon^'h  I!i-(-n^:l(-    Co..    re<-enll\    eh.in-.d 

his    address    lo    .-,111     S.     \V 11,'iuii     Ave,. 

Chicatro,   Illinois. 

FiAi.A.  Oi.iviii  ,1.,  Ch.K..  who  is  •rechiii.-al 
Director,  Durkee  Famous  Foods,  has  n- 
(cntly  mined  to  -.'HH  Marinncr  Am-.. 
I  oiiiiyille.    Kenliicky. 

1Iai.n-i«.  Wiiua.m  I...  C.K.,  who  is  Sales 
KnL'ineer  for  Wallace  \  ■rii-rnan  Co..  has 
r<-e<-ntly  moM-d  to  7JII  I'rincelon  A\.-iiiie. 
Ili-liland    Park.   III. 

42 


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Hygrometers 

HELD   GLASSES 
FEE  AND  STEMWEDEL,  INC. 

4949    North    Pulaski    Road,     Cliicaqo.    lUinoiB 
KEYstone    6600 


OVER  40  YEARS 

A   NAME   STANDING   FOR 

QUALITY 

AND 

FINE  WORKMANSHIP 

IN  THE  MANUFACTURE  OF 

SCIENTIFIC  INSTRUMENTS 

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CORPORATION 

1201   Wrightwood  Ave.  CHICAGO 


EVERETT  R.  COLE 

ASSOCIATED  WITH 

FRED.  S.  JAMES  &  CO. 

ESTABLISHED  1872 

INSURANCE 

175    WEST    JACKSON    BOULEVARD 
TELEPHONE  WABASH  3720 

CHICAGO 


John  S.  Delman  '32 

LIFE   INSURANCE 
and    ANNUITIES 

THE  GREAT-WEST  UFE 
ASSURANCE  CO. 

135   So.   LaSalle  Rand.   S560 


PAUL  A.  HAZARD,  jR. 

Chmtered  Li/c  Indcruritcy 

INSURANCE 

FRANKLIN  0680 


IIab-ia.niiv,  .\niirkw  .S..  M.K..  wlio  is 
Kxpcrimental    Kii)iincer   with   Swift   &  C 
is    now    residiiif:   at    Il'-'MI    K(.'j.'Icst.iii    ,\vc.  i 
(  hica^'o. 

Moll,  lUii.Mo.N  S..  1-MM-',..  has  reecnlh 
ehan^'cd  his  address  lo  7J-.'  Tavlor  Street, 
lopeka.   Kansas. 

KiiiMii.  Ku  11X1111  Ci-srAV,  K.K.,  is  now 
ri-sidiiifr  .-it   .-)S(i:j   \V.   Kric  Street,  Chica^'o, 

KiiAisi:,  Hoiiiici  Moii-iiMKH.  M.K.,  Willi 
is  Chief  KnL'ineer.  Co.-iled  Hoard  Diyision. 
(  ontainer  Cor|i.  of  .\nieriea.  is  now  resiil 
iiifr  at  ITS!i;  Dixie  Ili-hway.  Ilomewooil. 
Illinois. 

Kam.ii  x,mmiii.  Ki  sMTii  C..  K.l'.K..  is 
|iroiid  to  aniionnci-  the  arriyal  of  a  second 
hoy  to  till-  liulianajiolis  home  of  the  I.anj:- 
haiiimers.  Dale:  .March  21.  194(1.  Name: 
Clemment    D.ile. 

I.A-riiA.M.  IIahoiii  .!..  Ch.K..  wlio  is 
.Innior  KnL'ineer,  llie  Peoples  Cas  l.i)rhti 
\  Coke  Co..  has  recently  moycd  to  7K.51  N. 
Kolniar    ,\m-.,    Niles   Center.    111. 

lii.MMKi.  llicai.  Cli.K.,  who  is  with 
.Iose|ili  I-',.  Seaj^rains  S;  .Sons,  is  now  re- 
sidiiifr  at   lal-   Telilis.  I.awrenceher);,  Ind. 

.S(  i[kaiii:k,  Wii.i.iAM  A.,  K.K.,  is  now 
with  the  Ciyil  .Veronautics  .Authority  and 
is  rcsidiiiL'  at  Castletiin  Court,  Oceanside 
l.oiifr   Island,  N.   K. 

SiniriMANX,  Paii.  Emu.,  F.P.E.,  who  i^, 
uilli  the  Ohio  Insjiection  Hureau,  has  re- 
cent l\  chan};ed  his  address  to  ^H2  Drex 
\ye..'  Norwood,  Ohio. 

Si'Aijii.xG,  Fhank  \V.,  F.P.F...  who  i>; 
.111  Ins))eetor  for  the  Illinois  Inspection; 
liiireaii.  has  re<-entlv  moyed  to  Cill  Hidtre, 
Aye.,  Hockford,  III.' 

Stkiskr-i-,  Kkvnoi.1i,  Ch.K.,  has  n-c-entlv 
cli,-inf:c(l  his  address  to  C/o  Nic.  1..  .1.  \'aii 
llaaren,  Casilla  De  Correo  .573,  Buenos 
Aires,  .\rfrenfina.  He  is  .still  with  Heich- 
liold  Chemicals.   Inc. 

\Vi:s-rKH>iAX.  Ci.Aiii;;  Mason.  F.P.F"...  win 
is  ,1  Field  licpresentatiye  with  I.ansiufr  I? 
Warner.  Inc..  is  now  residinfr  at  1.5:i2::l 
Kd.L'cwater   Drive,  Cleyeland,  Ohio. 

WiNKiKii,  WiiiiA.M  P.,  F.P.F,.,  who  has 
l.i-en  located  in  the  Des  Moines  office  ol 
the  Iowa  Insurance  Seryice  Hureaii  siiu-t 
Ills  ^rraduation  from  .\rmour  is  now  .Spe- 
ei.il  Ap-nt  in  Eastern  Iowa  for  the  Na- 
tional Fire  Insurance  Co.  with  hcidqiiir 
li-rs   in   Des  Moines. 

1931   in  '41 — Tenth  Reunion 

W.ileh  f.ii-  spci-i.il  aniioiuiei-ments  c-oii 
eeniin-  the  hit;f.'cst  Tenth  .\iinivers:ir> 
p.irl>  in  the-  history  of  Armour.  Plan' 
an-  alrc.idy  under  way  to  m,-ike  .Vliinmi 
ueek  of  I(in  the  hisici-st  day  in  all  clas- 
hislc.r\.  .\  partial  comniittee,' i-oinposed  ot 
I-..  A.'.lohnson,  C.E.,  H.  .M.  Krause.  M.K. 
K,  v..  Pasehke.  E.E..  E.  P.  Hiilin.  Arch. 
\.  ,1.  I  enke,  K.P.E..  and  Art  Jens,  th, 
Aliniini  I-'.ditor,  haye  already  done  ]ireliiii 
iii,n-\  work  in  deeidiiifr  ii|>on  a  )il.-in  ot 
altick.  (Questions,  coniinents,  suiip-stioii' 
,iiid  ide.is  should  he  directed  to  T'cntli 
Heiini.in  Coniniittee.  Class  of  IH.U.  Miiiimi 
()tlii-(-.    ,\ri 11-    liisliliih-. 

1932 

Km  II,  WMiiii  (  ..  K,.K..  li.is  reeeiill\ 
inoyed  to  t.'Ki  \.  Newliall,  Shorewomi, 
Milwaukee.  \Vis,-,.iisin. 

Cahi.ion.  KnwMiii  WiunM.  K.K..  nia\ 
lie    re;ii-h(-d    .it     I'.    (I.    Bo\    Id.KN.    Chi<-a,L'o. 

(   \M  V.  .1  vMis  .los   C.K..  who   is   Willi 

Ihe  Illinois  DiMsion  of  lli;.'hwav.s.  has  re 
ceiitlv    moved   to   Miindclein.   Illinois. 

CoKNWii.i.  Dxvin  It.  I  ..  .M.E..  is  now 
residini:  at  ."idii  N.  Cnvler  .\venne.  Oak 
I'.irk.    Illinois. 

El. MAN.  .It-i.iis.  ,\rcli..  who  is  an  K.iiL'i 
iieer  in  tin-  Stnietnr.il  D<-|it.  of  rnivc-r-.il 
Oil  Prodiiets  Co..  is  now  residiiiir  at  :!ii| 
\.    Wilcox,   .loli.-l.    III. 


FixxEGAN,  Joseph  Behnakd,  Jr.,  F.P.E.. 
who  is  a  Special  Agent  for  Crum  &  For- 
ster,  has  recently  been  transferred  to  De- 
troit to  handle  Wayne  County.  His  office 
is  lilt  Detroit  Savings  Bank  Building.  His 
residence  is  1205.5  Monica  Ave.,  Detroit. 

McCall,  James  Stvart,  M.E.,  who  is 
Assistant  Engineer  of  Design  and  Mate- 
rial, Union  Pacific  R.  R.,  has  recently 
moved  to  5616  Briggs  St..  Omaha,  Ne- 
braska. 

McGiLL,  Thomas  Alax,  E.E.,  who  is 
Service  Engineer,  t'line  Elec.  Mfg.  Co.,  has 
recentlv  changed  his  address  to  39s  W. 
Uth   Pi.,  Glen   Ellyn,   111. 

Richards,  Eigexe  B..  E.E.,  who  is  a 
Statistician  at  the  "Western  Electric  Co., 
recently  moved  to  15"  X.  la  Porte  .\ve.. 
Chicago,   111. 

Rrnoi.F,  WiLBCH  Harvey,  C.E.,  who  is  a 
Bridge  Draftsman  for  the  Atchison,  To- 
peka  &  Santa  Fe  R.  R.,  is  now  residing 
at  37  Tuttle  Ave.,  Clarendon  Hills,  111. 

ScHODDE,  Gl[:x  Wii.i.iam.  F.P.E.,  is 
proud  to  announce  the  arrival  of  Karen 
Ann  Schodde  on  Jane  2+.  1940,  in  Min- 
neapolis. 

ScHii.Tz,  William  G..  F.P.E..  who  has 
been  in  the  Toledo  office  of  the  Ohio  In- 
spection Bureau,  has  joined  the  staff  of 
the  Lumbermen's  Mutual  Insurance  Co.. 
of  Mansfield,  Ohio. 

.Stocklix.  Willia.m  .\.,  E.E..  who  is  an 
Engineer  for  Warwick  Mfg.  Co.,  has  re- 
cently changed  his  address  to  .3528  N. 
Kilpatrick,  Chicago. 

ToxsAGER.  How.iRD  ARTHUR,  Arch..  who 
is  Superintendent  of  Construction, 
Schmidt,  Garden  &  Erikson,  is  now  resid- 
ing at  6431  North  California  .\ve.,  Chi- 
cago. 

White,  Da.v  I.,  M.F,..  wlio  is  now  with 
the  Athev  Truss  Wheel  Co..  Clearing. 
Illinois,  resides  at  319  Ruhv.  Clarendon 
Hills. 

1933 

Becker.  H'xrv  F..  .Ik..  P'.P.E..  is  now 
a  member  of  the  Ensineerin'r  Staff  of  tlie 
American  Mutual  I  iabllitv  Insurance  Co.. 
with  headouarters  at  221  N.  La  Salle 
Street  in  Chicago.  After  a  short  training 
course  he  will  he  assismed  to  a  territory 
outside  of  Chicago.  Becker  spent  several 
years  with  the  Iowa  Insurance  Service 
Bureau  after  which  he  joined  the  staff  of 
Lansing  B.  Warner.  Inc.,  in  Chicago,  as 
■an  engineer  and  underwriter. 
I  Belford.  Robert  O..  F.P.E..  is  now 
Minnesota  .State  .\gent  for  the  Pacific 
IXational  Fire  Insurance  Co.  He  was  for- 
rmerly  an  inspector  with  the  Fire  Under- 
writers Inspection  Bureau  in  Minneapolis. 

Bodixsox^,  Haroij)  William,  F.P.E.. 
who  is  with  the  Kentucky  Actuarial  Bu- 
reau, is  now  residing  at  Ashland.  Ken- 
tucky. 

Cari.strom.  Rov  William.  F.P.E..  who 
s  Special  .\gent.  The  .\nierican  Insurance 
Co.,  has  recently  moved  to  1407  .State  .St., 
Eau   Clair,  Wisconsin. 

I.ARSox,  Bradford,  F.P.E.,  was  married 
on  .\ugust  28,  1940,  to  Bettv  Georsinc 
Heath  in  Kansas  Citv.  Tlieir  residence 
is   15  Collision   Road,   Boston.   Mass. 

I OMASXEY,  EnMiXD  P.,  Ch.E..  who  is 
Chief  Chemist,  Red  River  Refininii  Co..  is 
now  residing  at  2416  Bryn  Mawr  .\ve.. 
Chicago. 

Revxolds,  Harold  Ci.vde,  E.F^..  has  re- 
cently moved  to  4410  N.  Winchester  Ave.. 
Chicacro. 

1934 

Baciixer.  .Iohx  Joski'ii.  Cli.F...  who  is 
Sales  Engineer  for  the  Chicago  Molded 
Products  Corp.,  now  resides  at  l-')20  Park 
.\venue.  River   Forest,  Illinois. 

Clarksox",  Clarexce  W..  E.E.,  who  is 
n    the    Engineering     Department    of    tin- 


Belson  .Mfg.  Co.,  recently  moved  to  Pent- 
water,  Michigan. 

FiXLAY,  Sami-el,  M.E.,  who  is  witli 
Armour  and  Company,  is  now  residing  at 
7223   Vincennes,  Chicago. 

HoFMEEsreR,  Theodoras  Marixus,  .Ih.. 
-Vrch.,  is  now  residing  at  220  South  Mich- 
igan .\ve.,  c/o  Cliff  Dwellers,  Chicago. 
Illinois. 

Ki  BicKA.  Joseph  Louis,  Ch.E.,  who  is 
Chief  Chemist,  Container  Corp.,  has  re- 
cently changed  his  address  to  2912  Me- 
nard,  Chicago,   Illinois. 

KosTEXKO,  Barry  Mich.^el,  C.E.,  who 
is  Technical  Associate,  Sueske  Brass  & 
Copper  Co.,  has  recently  changed  his  ad- 
dress to  2233  Buckingham  Terrace,  West 
Chester,  111. 

Lippix-coTT.  Carl  M.,  C.E.,  who  is  Sales 
F'.ngineer.  Metal  &  Thermit  Corp..  is  now 
residing  at  7752   Prairie,  Chicago. 

PixKus,  Jerome  R..  M.E.,  who  is  with 
the  Research  Dejit.  of  Crane  Co.,  is  now 
residing  at  loll   S.  Austin   Blvd.,  Chicago. 

.SuMAX,  Robert  Wheeler,  M.E..  who  is 
Mechanical  Engineer  for  the  Link  Belt 
Co.,  has  recently  moved  to  324  N.  May- 
field,  Chicago. 

Thomas,  Curtis  William,  M.E..  who  is 
with  the  Chicago  Screw  Companv.  has  re- 
centlv moved  to  4S41  Thomas  Street.  Chi- 
cago.' 1935 

BoLTOX.     Hr)WARI)     TllEODORE.     C.E..     who 

is  a  Junior  Engineer  in  the  U.  S.  Engi- 
neer's office  doing  design  work  and  check- 
ing flood  control  works  is  now  located  in 
Tulsa.  Okla.  His  address  is  47  N.  KnoN- 
ville  Ave. 

Ciiristoph,  .Vlbert  Eldr!:d,  M.E.,  who 
is  with  Swift  &  Companv,  has  recentlv 
chanL'cd  his  address  to  339  W.  Madisori. 
Wheaton,   III. 

Cox.  Harolo  Edward,  M.E..  who  is  Sales 
Engineer  of  the  H.  H.  Robertson  Co..  has 
recently  changed  liis  address  to  17  Brani|i- 
ton  Lane,  Green   Hill,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

Delaxg,  Theodore  George,  Ch.E.,  who 
is  with  the  Featheredsre  Rubber  Co.,  has 
recently  moved  to  3-West  915  Washington. 
Evanston.  Illinois. 

Grossmax,  Mvivix,  Arch..  lias  recentl\ 
changed  bis  address  to  Bancroft  Hotel. 
15th  and  Collins  .\ve..  Miami  Beach. 
Florida. 

Nei.sox',  George  .\i.bert,  C.F...  is  with 
the  U.  S.  Engineers  and  is  located  at 
Diablo    Heights,   Canal    Zone. 

.SrocKiXG,  Ke.vxeth  Orix'.  C.E..  who  is 
located  in  the  U.  S.  Engineer's  office  in 
Omaha,  was  recently  married  to  a  Wis- 
<'onsin  girl. 

UzuxARis.  Wait-h  Martix.  E.F...  wild 
is  Motor  Inspector.  International  Harves- 
ter Co..  has  recently  changed  his  address 
to   10151    State  Street.  Chicago. 

West.  George  .\xthoxv.  C.E..  who  is 
Junior  Lubrication  Engineer.  Standard 
Oil  Companv.  is  now  residing  at  5S31  N. 
Washtenaw."chicaL'o. 

1936 

,\li.ex.  .Iack.  Arch.,  lias  r  «•  <■  e  n  t  I  v 
chaUL'cd  his  address  to  Corbin  Place.  N.K. 
c/o  Sam   Eskin.  Wasliington.   1).  C. 

Greex.mas.  Hugh  Merrill.  M.E..  who 
is  a  Production  Time  Clerk.  Woodward 
Governor  Co.,  is  now  residing  .it  I6I1T 
Crosby   St.,   Rockford,    Illinois. 

Kirscii,  Earl  .L,  K.K.,  is  now  with  the 
Standard  'I'ransformer  Company  at  W.ir 
ren.  Ohio.  His  address  is  103o'  Trumbull 
Avenue.   S.F...   Warren.   Ohio. 

Khekt.  F.arl  .\liiert,  Ch.E.,  who  is  with 
the  Portland  Cement  Company,  has  re- 
cently  moved  to    Ingleside,  Illinois. 

Mc.Mui.iix.  FaiWARD  .\cie,  C.F...  who  is 
.in  F.ni'ineer  in  Illinois  Division  of  Hiiih- 
wavs.  lias  recentlv  chan-ed  his  address  to 
Jiiiis    Orchard    Street.   Chicago.    Illinois. 


PAUL  L  MULLANEY  (1924) 

INVESTMENTS 

THE   FIELD   BUILDING 

135  South  La  Salle  Street 

Chicago 

Telephone  Franlciin    1  166 

MEDALS  and  TROPHIES 

Furnished   Armour   Relays   by 

DiEGEs  and  rmsT 

185  N.  Wabash  Ave.,  Chicago 

Central   3115 
CLASS   JEWELRY  FRATERNITY    PINS 


CHICAGO 

KENT 


COLLEGE  of 

LAW 


Founded    1887 

Independent — Endowed — Xon- Sectarian 

Aftornoon    «ral     Evening    ClaMM. 

Tel.    Oea.    SB85.     College    Bldg.,    10    N.    Franklin   St. 


THE  STAR  OIL  COMPANY 

ESTABLISHED     1S90 

LUBRICATING    OILS    AND    GREASES 

Telenhone    Seeley    4400 

GEO.  HAMILTON 

348   North  Bell  Avenue,  Chicago 

Managennen'l'    Engine 


GRIFFENHAGEN  & 
ASSOCIATES 

Established    1911 

MANAGEMENT  ENGINEERS 

AND  ACCOUNTANTS 


CONSULTANTS    ON     PROBLEMS    OF 

ORGANIZATION,     ADMINISTRATION 

OPERATING    PROCEDURE.    FINANCE, 

ACCOUNTING.  AND  PERSONNEL 


Head   Office:   LaSalle-Wacker  Building 
Chicago 


DEAL     WITH 

OUR 
ADVERTISERS 


43 


Nkai..  Dcnaii.  ,1.111  n.  K.l'.K.,  wliii  has 
Ih-imi  in  till-  l-'.n;:iiiciTiii)r  nr|>jirtimrit  (if 
the-  National  Kirr  Insurance  Co.  in  Chi- 
cafTo  has  hci-n  translVrn-d  to  Ohio  as  S]h- 
c-ial  Ajicnt  anil  I'roduotion  Knginccr.  His 
hi'a(l(|uarti'r>  will  he  at  C'olninhus. 

I'aii.six.  Koiiiiir  Marsiiam.  t'li.K.,  who 
is  lUstari-h  Knf.'inr.r.  North  Shore  Coke 
&  Clu-inical  Co.  lias  rrrmtlv  chanfred  his 
address  to  liltl  l.iint  .\\"e..  Apt.  -i-N. 
Chiea;:...    III. 

KoriisiMiii  II.  CiiioHT  UoiiKKr.  l',.F...  who 
is  an  Kleetrieal  Testln;;  Kngineer  with  the 
Kleetroniollve  Cor]>.  has  recently  chanfred 
his    aiUlress    to    17()!l    K.    li.Sth    Street.    Chi- 

KlI'PKHT.  HoHKKT  HKArrlK.  K.K..  K.P.F.., 
has  resifrned  his  position  as  ins])ector  witli 
the  Ohio  Ins|>ectii>M  Hiireaii  to  join  the 
Chieapo  Hnfrineerin".'  Departinent  of  the 
America  Kore  Ciroup  of  Insurance  Cos. 
His  home  address  is  (ilCiJ  Stewart  .\ve. 

.SniH,  J'bkiuruk  Jos..  .Ir..  K.K..  who  is 
an  lusp.clor  with  Western  Electric  Co.,  is 
now    residiiij;  at   ."vii-s   Oakdale.  Chicago. 

Smith.  Khiiikhu  k  .\rtihr.  C.F...  who  is 
a  Draftsman  for  the  Chicafjo  I'ark  Dis- 
trict, has  re<enth  clianfied  his  address  to 
71(11   Clyde  .Vven'uc.  Chieafro. 

/.wissi.KR.  (ioRnoN  Arthir.  C.K..  who  is 
Industrial  F.npineer.  Cirneirie-Illiiiois 
Steel  Co..  has  recently  moved  to  :i:!ii  Nor- 
mal  I'arkw.iy.  Cliicairo. 

1937 

Dkcis.  .\rtiu  II  (iKoK(ir.  Ch.E.,  who  is 
with  the  Hercules  I'owder  Co.,  is  now 
residiuL'  at  .i2ti  No.  la  Crosse.  Chicafro. 
111. 

Mamiik.wii/.  Am.  M.F...  has  recentiv 
moved  to  l.T  N.  M.i\  field  Avenue.  CliicaL'o. 
III. 

NiK.MANN.  HiiMii  MM.  I'..  M.F...  lias  re- 
centlv  changed  his  .address  to  R.F.D. 
Clearinjr.  111. 

Uoss,  Hkhmi.v  MiiToN.  C.V...  wh,,  is  a 
Traffic  .\iialvst  for  the  Illinois  State  High- 
way De|>t..  'is  now  resiilinir  at  Hl^in  West 
Monroe.   Chicago. 

."iciiRCiiicR.  Warri  N  Frvsk.  (  Ii.F...  who 
is  in  the  Hesearch  I.ahoratorv.  C.iilf  Ue- 
.search  &  Develoiuiient  Co..  has  recentiv 
moved    to  412-5    Helleplaine    .\ve..   Chicago. 

Stirgkon',  Joii.v  Krkdkruk.  Ch.F...  who 
is  a  Chemist  f<ir  F..  I.  Du  Pont  de 
Nemours  &  Co.,  is  now  residing  at  1701 
Granvilh'  Avenue,  Chicago. 

TinNDKR.  Ivax  DWi.Toy.  C.F...  m.iv  he 
reached  c/o  Shaw  &  I.unt.  1  Wis  i'ark 
Street,    .\lameda.    Calif. 

Wkstiir.ma.v.  I'ra.ncis  CiKORC.K.  F.I'. I'"... 
who  is  with  Lansing  H.  Warner.  Inc..  h.is 
recentiv  changed  his  adilress  to  SOU  S. 
Kiierha'rl    Ave..   Cliicag,.. 

1938 

Kakih.  Davii.,  .\rch..  has  receiith 
moved  to  1)121    Cliam|)lain    .\ve..  Chicago.' 

Dkitkr,  Cari.i;tos-  IlAnRV.  Ch.F...  who 
is  witli  the  Sherwin-Williams  Paint  Com 
])any.  has  recently  moved  to  100.50  Cl.ire- 
mont,  Chicago. 

LrnrB,  Morton  F...  Cli.F...  F.P.F...  is  .in 
Inspector  with  the  Indiana  Iiisiicclion  Hii- 
reau.  assigned  to  the  'I'erre  Haute  office 
in  the  .Merchants  National  Hank  Ruilding. 
Terre  Haute,  Indian.i.  His  residence  is 
the  Y.  M.  C.  A. 

McI.ST^Hi:.  .loiiN  FoHMV.  F.P.F...  who 
is  an  F'ngineer  with  Federal  Hardware  & 
Implement  Mulnnls.  has  recently  moved  to 
liriinswick.    Missouri. 

Pai.ka,  C.Konc.i;  AioisT,  F..F...  is  now 
conne<te<l  with  tin-  Standard  Transformer 
Co.  of  Warren.  Ohio  and  is  residing  at 
I0:?0  TruiiilMill  .\ve.  S.F..  W.irren.  Oliio. 

Wm.mu.     Fi.wxRi..    Ch.F..    who    is    willi 


the  Standard  Oil  Co.  of  Ohio  was  married 
on   .\ugiist  :!l.  lilKJ. 

Wamimavih.  Vutok  (i..  Arch,  who  is  .a 
Draftsm.in.  Celolex  Corp..  is  now  residing 
.it    !Mi.'    Wiii.,iia    Axe,.   .South    Chicago. 

1939 

Com  11  II.  TiioM  vs.  C.K..  who  is  with  the 
Ciiivcrs.il  Ccniriit  Co.  was  ni.irried  on 
.liih    1.   liM.li. 

.Iakhi:.  Kohiki  1..  Ch.F..  wrote  in  (i.irt 
to  Placement  Director.  .John  Schommer. 
on   .May  S,    IHKI.  as   follows: 

Dear  .Mr.  .Schonnner: 

I  have  Just  received  your  kiinl  letter  of 
.May  (i  in  which  you  informed  me  of  your 
efldrts  to  pl.ice  nu-  as  ,i  inet.illurgist  in  the 
Chicago  area.  I  certainlv  am  iiratefnl  for 
the  .ictiNc  inter<-st  which  "vou  lia\e  taken  in 
this  matter. 

Hecentlv.  however.  I  accejited  a  position 
.IS  a  Hureau  of  Mines  Research  Fellow. 
It  really  is  a  L'rand  oiiportunity.  one 
which  1  can't  afford  to  refuse,  .\ccord- 
inL'ly.  !  will  not  he  aide  to  follow  the  lead 
which   you  mentione<I   in  vour  letter. 

I  will  he  with  the  Kastern  Kxperiment 
Station  at  College  Park.  .Maryland  diirini.' 
the  academic  year,  where  I  will  do  thesis 
work.  This,  coupled  with  course  work  at 
the  Cniversity  of  .Maryland,  will  lead  to  a 
Ph.D.  in  Chemical  Fjigineering.  Inci- 
dentally, the  thesis  prolilem  is  metallurg- 
ical, so  I  won't  have  entirely  left  the  field. 
During  the  summer  I'll  work  at  the  Metal- 
lurgical .Station  at  Salt  Lake  Citv  under 
Dr.  It.  S.  Dean:  at  College  Park.'  during 
the  academic  vear.  I'll  work  under  Dr.  V. 
II.   (lottschalk. 

Tli.inking  vou  again  for  vmir  kindness. 
1    am 

.Sincereh     \ours. 

'  Holiert     I.    .lartVc 
Hamilton    Hall   CI.; 

Km  SI  .  WiMAKii  K..  Ch.F..  who  is  with 
the  St.iiidard  Oil  Co.  of  Indiana  and  is 
loc;ited  at  Whiting.  Indian.a  was  m.irriiil 
on  .Tune  2!).  19+0. 

LvcKBKRc,  Bkr.vdt  K..  Ch.F...  was  mar- 
ried on  June  l.'i.  lilio.  He  is  with  the 
Standard  Oil  Co.  of   Indiana. 

HvA.v.  W11.11A.M  A..  Ch.E.  It  was  with 
the  deepest  regret  that  the  .Alumni  Office 
l.-arned  of  the  death  of  William  Ryan  who 
was  graduated  with  the  Class  of  19:i!t  in 
the  De|iartment  of  Chemical  Engineering. 
He  was  drowned  jit  ^'jisilanti.  .Michigan  on 
.luly  22.  lilK'.  He  was  on  the  staff  of  the 
Peo|iles  Cas  I  iirlit  .ind  Coke  Co.  in 
ChicaL'o. 


F.  M.  de  Beers  &  Associates 

CHEMICAL    ENGINEERS 

20    rJorth    Wacker    Dri^e                Rand. 

?325 

Representing— well   known,   successful, 

fully 

qualified      builders      of      modern,      ef?ic 

ienf 

Process  Machinery  and  Equipment 

Evaporators,  all  types,  any  service  or  capa 
Filters — pressure    or    rotary    drum    vac 

city. 

Multi-stage   Vacuum    Equipment — for   vacuum 
cooling,     refrigeration,     deaeration.     distilla- 
tion,   dcodorization. 

Steam    Jet     Vacuum     Pumps — condensers 
types.       Atmospheric     Drum     Dryers — s 
and  double   roll. 

all 
nglc 

Centrifugals — solid     and     perforate      bask 
•ill    metals,      Ctiemical    Stoneware — full 
including   suction    filters,    pebble   mills, 
raschig    rings,    towers,    tower    packing. 
Proof  sinks,   pipe,    tanks,    brick,   tile,    cer 
tank  linings. 

line 
rolls. 
Acid 

Mechanical 

Fitziiibbims  Boiler  Company,  Ina 

AIR   CONDITIONING  j 

STEEL    HEATING    AND    POWER    BOILERS    | 

I 


REPRESENTED    BY 

MALVIN  &  MAY.  Inc 


2015    So.   Michigan 
Ave. 
Chicago.  Illinois 
C,     Malvln  victory    1617 


Office     Furnltur, 


Office  Furnilure  House,  Inc. 

167-69  WEST  LAKE  STREET 

CH I CAGO 


JOS.  GUGGENHEIM 

WALL     PAPER,     PAINTS,     OILS, 
VARNISHES 

WINDOW  GLASS  and  BRUSHES 


2911 -I  3  Wentworth  Avenue 

CHICAGO 

TELEPHONES  VICTORY    \  '"^ 


Photographers 


Dramatized  Photographq 

FOR   ADVERTISING 
AND     INDUSTRY 

KAUFMANN&  FABRY  CO. 

COMMERCIAL  ILLDSTRATIVE  PHOTOGRAPHERS 

425  South  Wabash  Avenue  •  Chicago 

MOST  THORODGHLY  EQUIPPED 
PHOTOGRAPHIC  PLANT  IN  AMERICA 


HARRISON  3135 


44 


PLUMBING 

(From  page  15) 
liott-Is  and  other  l)uildin!is  tlirougli- 
oiit  till-  city,  tiy  special  permission 
of  the  Mayor  and  City  Council 
granted  at  the  request  of  the  Health 
Department.  Wherever  any  kind  of 
liazards  to  life  and  health  were 
found,  prompt  removal  of  the  dangers 
followed.  As  the  result,  Chieaao  has 
set  an  example  which  is  now  beinj;- 
followed  in  many  other  cities  and 
towns. 

It  is  believed  that  todav  Chicau'o 
is  one  of  the  safest  cities  in  the  world 
as  far  as  diseases  spread  through 
faulty  plumbing  are  concerned,  be- 
cause this  work  has  been  followed 
up  consistently  for  the  past  seven 
years.  Other  factors  also  have  con- 
tributed their  share  to  this  great  im- 
provement. For  example,  the  Health 
Department  has  carried  on  a  great 
deal  of  original  research  and  experi- 
mentation to  determine  whet'ur  or 
not  various  types  of  fixtures  and  de- 
vices have  elements  of  danger  and. 
if  so,  what  can  be  done  about  making' 
them  safe  without  undue  expense  to 
the  public  and  owners  of  jjropertv. 
Numerous  exhibits  have  been  shown 
for  educational  purposes  at  medical 
and  public  health  meetings,  as  for 
example  at  the  Annual  Convention 
of  the  American  Medical  Society  at 
Cleveland  in  193I-.  Fixtures  peculiar 
to  hospitals  and  laboratories  have 
come  in  for  their  share  of  .ittciition. 
because  of  the  special  h.-iz.irds  where 
sick  people  are  cared  for.  but  that  is 
a   story  by  itself.^ 

Our  Chicago  inanul'aeturers  of 
plumbing  supplies  and  fixtures  are  in 
the  forefront  of  tlu'  race  to  design 
and  produce  equipment  as  safe  to 
health  as  it  is  convenient,  comfortable 
and  beautiful.  Our  master  and  jour- 
neymen plumbers  are  alert  to  ])reveiit 
dangers  in  plumbing  construction. 
Our  maintenance  engiin-ers  are  coin 
ing  to  understand  the  neeessit\'  and 
value  of  having  all  phjiniiiiig  uurk 
done  only  by  coiniieteut  registered 
plumbers  who  are  alile  to  ;n(iid 
health  hazards.  Our  architects  reeo'i' 
nize  the  need  for  better  design,  which 
will  assure  ample  pipe  sizes  to  mini 
mize  the  possibility  of  the  production 
of  a  negative  head  in  water  jiipes 
and  to  avoid  overloadina-  of  sewer 
pipes.  Many  of  our  building  owners 
know  that  safe  plunibini;-  from  tin- 
standpoint  of  health  ))rotection  is  a 
good  investment  and  a  bulwark 
against  future  losses  which  might  re- 
sult if  their  plumbing  systems,  be- 
cause of  faulty  design  or  constrne- 
tion,  should  lead  to  epidemics  among 
their  clients  or  tenants. 


GOOD  PORTRAIT 
PHOTOGRAPHY 

in  Our  Studio  or  Your  Home 

Specialists   in    Pictures  for 

Reproduction 

OLD  PICTURES  COPIED 

Est.  40  Years  14th   Floor 

27   E.   Monroe  DEArborn   2924 


CHICAGO 
27      E.  MONROE  ST. 
Olfictal  Photourafher 
for   the 
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An  economical  reproduction  process 
lor  Office  Forms,  Cliorts,  Diagrams, 
Grafs,  Specifications,  Testimonials, 
House-Organ  Magazines,  Bulletins, 
Maps  and  many  otfier  items. 

No  Run  Too  tong    No  Run  Too  Short 

Estimates  will  not  obligate  you 
in  any  way.  WRITE  OR  CALL. 

CHICAGO  PLANOGRAPH  CORP. 

517  S.  JEf  PERSON    SIR  E  ET,  C  H  IC  AGO 


# 


I  HARrison8835 


Phone   Prospect  91 10 

JOSEPH 

SMEJKAL 

PLASTERING 

CONTRACTOR 

PLASTER 

PATCHING 

5211     So.    Trumb 

ull    Ave.,    Chicago 

Plumbing 


Spwializmg  p|,„„, 

PLUMBING  AND  NORMAL  1114 

HEATING   REPAIRS 

FERGUSON  PLUMBING 

PLUMBING 

GASFITTING  AND   SEWERAGE 

1314   W.   63rd   Street 
RAY   A.    FERGUSON  Chicago 


DEAL      WITH 

OUR 

ADVERTISERS 


.V  renaissance  of  plumbing  inspec- 
tion in  this  country  and  abroad  has 
followed  the  work  of  the  Chicago 
He.ilth  Department  growing  out  of 
this  e))idemic.  Better  maintenance  of 
plumbing;  safer  design  of  fixtures; 
more  adecjuate  inspection  of  new 
])lumbing  inst.allations  and  of  altera- 
tions of  existing  ones;  the  establish- 
ment of  a  plumbing  testing  laboratory 
here  and  later  in  other  cities;  revi- 
sion of  a  well-known,  standard  med- 
ical text  dealing  with  amebic  dysen- 
tery, taking  account  of  the  new  ideas 
gained;  a  survey  by  the  Government 
of  plumbing  in  federal  buildings; 
and.  only  this  year,  an  exhibit  of 
health  hazards  in  plumbing  at  the 
New  York  World's  Fair,  wiiich  ni.ay 
becouie  a  ])ermauent  part  of  the 
American  Museum  of  Hygiene — all 
these  and  more  besides  have  followed 
in  the  wake  of  that  celebrated  <-pi- 
deniie. 

The  latest  edition  of  '■Public 
Health  Administr.ation  in  the  United 
.States"  by  Dr.  Smillie.  a  recognized 
.iiithority.  stresses  anew  the  impor- 
tance of  ])lumbing  inspection  as  a 
function  of  the  municipal  health  de- 
|)artnient.  in  its  effort  to  safegu;ird 
all    citizens. 

The  young  men  in  engineering 
schools  today  have  one  ilistinct  ad- 
vantage over  those  of  a  generation 
ago, — namely,  the  fact  that  many 
consequences  to  health  from  engi- 
neering activities  are  recognized  as 
important  today  which  were  either 
unknown  or  ignored  then.  Every  fu- 
ture engineer  should  be  given  an  op- 
liortunity  to  learn  enough  .ibiuit 
health  before  and  during  his  )ieriiiil 
of  engineering  training  so  th.at  in  his 
efforts  to  promote  material  )ir(isper- 
ity.  tr.ansport.ition,  housing,  utilities 
and  development  of  natural  resources, 
III  will  be  able  to  avoid  creating  haz- 
ards to  the  health  and  lives  of  the 
pi-ople   he   seeks  to  benefit. 

Hiuiesty  is  funilameiit.al  to  iiiiod  en- 
i;inerring.  .iiid  in  f;u-t  to  .all  sc-iintilic 
work.  If  an  rnginrrr  should  fake  his 
ligiires.  it  wiuihl  not  be  possible  to 
eoiu'e.il  for  long  his  dishoiusty.  .-is 
the  tall  of  .1  bridge,  the  colla|)se  of 
.1  building,  the  bursting  of  :i  <l.im. 
or  some  other  e\  il  result  of  his  fidly 
would  reveal  it.  As  the  result  of  <x- 
perieiiee,  the  public  li.is  f.iith  ill  the 
honesty  of  the  engineer.  Because  of 
the  eonlidinic  which  people  li,a\e 
Ir'irned  to  |)laee  in  the  seieiitilie  man 
ill  general  and  in  the  professioii.il  en- 
gineer ill  p.irtieul.ir,  his  \iews  on  .i 
wide  range  of  subjects,  m.my  of 
them  outside  of  his  iuunedi.ite  tield 
of  activity,  carry  gre.it  weight  in  his 
community.  'I'lienfore.  in  the  impor- 
tant   field    of  health    pronint  inn.  as   well 


45 


as  in  otlitr  (Jircctions.  tlu'  ciiiiinti  r 
sliould  strive  to  l)cconif  well  infoniK d. 
Iiotli  to  protect  his  own  lualtli  aiiil 
also  to  |>roniote  the  welfare  nl  tin 
many  othirs  who  have  come  to  lnok 
ii|ioii  him  as  .1  liader  in  matters  re 
(|uiririi;  irciod  iij(ls.nneiit  and  sterliiiii' 
hoiiestv. 

Ii,f,r.,„:.. 

(  1  )  ■•  rii<-  Sipiiilieaiiee  of  \Vater-l)iiri., 
rv]ili(.i(l  I'.^vcr  Oiitlireaks.  li)L'(l-l<);!il."  I,\ 
\lirl  Woliiiaii,  Dr.  F.iifT.,  and  Arthur  K. 
C.irinari.  M.  S..  Jniirnal  of  tlie  Ainerieai, 
Water  Works  Assoeiatioii,  Vol.  j:).  \...  J. 
I'eliruarv,   l!i:il.  jiap-   Hid. 

(J)  "U'aler-Monie  Oiithn-ak  of  lirueella 
Meliteiisis  Iiifeetiou."  I>v  A.  W.  Newitl, 
M.  I)..  T.  M.  Koppa.  Si.  I).  .111.1  1).  \V. 
C.udakuMst.  M.  H..  Aiiieriean  .Inirriial  i.f 
I'lihlie  Health.  Vol.  IW.  N,,.  7,  .lulv.  I!i:ili. 
I'.  -.W. 

(3)  "Kpideniie  .\iii,-hi,'  Dvseulerv  Tlie 
CliieaL'o  Outtireak  of  l!i:i.f."  National  In- 
stitute of  Health  li.dletiii.  No.  l(i(i.  the 
t  Mit<-(l  Slates  I'uhlie  lle.ilth  .Serviee.  Su- 
perintend.-Mt    of    n.K-iinients.    W.i-.liiiif;ton. 

n.  c. 

(4)  "Health  Hazar.U  in  I'liniihinL'."  li\ 
Herman  N.  Hinulesen.  .\I.  1)..  The  Mnd- 
rrn    Hospital.    Vol.  44.    No.   4,   April.   liKi.-). 

"Safefjiiardiiifr  the  Sterile  Water  Sup- 
ply," hy  .loci  I.  Connollv,  M.  S..  The  .Mod- 
ern Hospital,  .Inly,  19:3.5,  P.  Vol.  4-5.  No.  I. 

Printing 


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FRANE  W.  i5iCICK  &  Company 

432  South  Dearborn    •    Chicago 

JPeiUrUead  cflvlish 


FRED  KLEIN  CO. 

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PROCESS  CONTROL 

(From    page    18) 
ni;h  .1  iiroj)erly  designed  electrode 


rrll.  ,it  .1  determined  temperature, 
Mm  (1  the  in.iiriiified  electric  cur- 
rent so  i)rodiieed  to  actuate  a  .Micro- 
ni.i.x  (  hctric  controller  on  the  line  of 
one  of  our  component  matcrial.s.  It 
is  siisTitested  that  if  the  reader  wishes 
to  .isMire  himself  that  he  vet  retains 
tlj(  t  nnd.imental  cnjiineering  learned 
.ct  .\rniour  .an  attempt  he  made  to 
sketch  up  such  a  circuit. 

It  is  |)re<lictcd  that  engineers  are 
iioing  to  be  increasingly  interested  in 
.lutouiatic  control  methods  applied  in 
the  s))eci(ic  engineering  lines  in  which 
\vi-  :irc  most  concerned. 


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MOTION  STUDY 

(From  page  20) 
in  slant.  Good  motion  study  work 
demands  the  cooperation  of  observer 
and  of  worker.  The}-  work  out  to- 
gether the  answers  to  the  jjroblem  of 
how  to  do  the  task  best.  Wliat  is 
more,  tlie  operation  makes  sense.  It 
is  not  natural  to  sabotage  one's  own 
task.  Men  do  it  only  when  driven  by 
frustrations  or  motives  not  inherent 
in  the  work  itself.  It  is  therefore 
not  surprising  to  find,  where  motion 
study  has  been  iiandled  by  an  experi- 
;nced  man  with  due  regard  for  the 
rights  and  interests  of  the  worker  as 
well  as  of  the  management,  that  op- 
position to  it  has  commonly  dissolved. 
\s  a  matter  of  fact,  tliere  have  been 
interesting  endorsements  of  the  prin 
:iple  of  motion  study  by  some  of  tlie 
national  organizations  of  labor. 

The  interest  of  the  engineer  in  the 
aossibilities   of   motion    study   may   be 


\arious.  To  the  employer  of  other 
men,  or  to  the  man  in  charge  of  oper- 
ations, the  technique  offers  a  valuable 
means  of  improved  efficiency  of  oper- 
ation. To  the  younger  engineer  there 
are  interesting  job  possibilities.  There 
is,  of  course,  always  a  danger  of  a 
general  rush  towards  this  new  field, 
■ind  tliere  are  some  evidences  of  a 
tendency  in  that  direction  at  the  mo- 
ment. It  looks,  however,  as  though 
for  several  years  there  would  be,  as 
the  wave  of  employer  interest  in  the 
subject  travels  further,  a  demand  for 
men  trained  in  motion  study  work. 
The  bulk  of  this  training  and  the  final 
proving  of  the  man  must  come  in  in- 
dustry. The  principles  are  simple, 
but  they  are  worked  out  with  |)eople 
under  the  most  intimate  circum- 
stances, and  always  in  an  atmosphere 
of  some  (luestioii  as  to  tile  final  results 
of  the  change  to  tiie  worker.  Advice 
nil  the  handling  of  these  questions  can 
be  given  in  classes,  but  there  is  no 
way  of  really  learning  to  handle 
people  except  to  handle  them. 

As  we  enter  a  period  of  intense 
preparation  for  possible  attack,  a 
period  which  seems  bound  to  call  for 
tile  utilization  of  our  resources  to  the 
utmost,  motion  studv'  offers  other  ])os- 
sibilities.  In  the  first  place,  the 
icoiiomy  which  results  from  motion 
studies  is  usually  almost  entirely  net. 
One  rearranges  the  task,  usually  with 
iiK'idental  but  seldom  with  expensive 
changes  of  fixtures,  and  eliminates 
waste  motions.  No  better  way  to 
widen  bottle-necks,  or  to  get  the  most 
luit  of  our  limited  available  equip- 
ment, could  be  found.  In  the  second 
|)lace.  with  the  problem  of  large-scale 
induction  of  men  into  new  tasks,  mo- 
tion study  offers  a  marveloush'  effec- 
tive tool  for  teaching.  When  an  ob- 
server has  been  trained  to  precise 
observation  of  the  elements  necessary 
to  performanee.  he  is  in  ,-i  position 
not  only  to  aiialyzi-  for  himself  the 
methods  of  the  skilled  worker,  but 
(piiekly  to  convey  to  other  men  the 
essentials  of  skill.  Limited  use  of 
the  moving  picture  has  already  been 
made  as  a  means  of  demonstrating  to 
workers  how  to  perform  a  task. 
I. earners  have  performed  a  task  in 
syuelironism  with  the  movies,  with  an 
instructor  on  h.md  to  point  out  de- 
fects in  procedure,  and  if  necessary, 
to  show  the  learner  just  how  his  per- 
formance differs  from  the  standard 
lierforinaiice.  Tasks  wiiich  under  the 
old  hit-or-miss  method  r  e  (]  u  i  r  e  d 
months  or  years  for  mastery  may  in 
some    cases  be  taught   in  days. 

Motion  study  does  not,  of  course. 
Jirovide  .ill  the  ;inswers.  It  docs  not 
jiroxide  .-i  substitute  for  teelinie;il 
iudginent.  .-niil  the  tool  ni;iker  who 
must     work   out    his    fixture    .is    he    de- 


velops it  will  continue  to  rely  on  a 
broad  range  of  technical  experience. 
But  so  far  as  an  operation  is  repeated 
often  enough  to  make  it  worth  de- 
tailed study,  it  can  be  broken  down 
by  experienced  men  into  elements 
which  can  be  taught. 

The  idea  of  motion  study  is  not 
confined  to  routine  industrial  opera- 
tions. The  German  army  has  profited 
tremendously  from  the  meticulous  at- 
tention to  detail  which  characterizes 
the  motion  study  technique.  Some  of 
the  most  interesting  studies  have  been 
made  of  clerical  routine;  sometimes 
dozens  of  meaningless  shufflings  of 
jiajjcrs  disappear  when  one  so  much 
as  becomes  aware  they  exist.  The 
directions  in  which  this  method  can 
be  ajjplied  are  many.  The  possibil- 
ities of  the  release  of  national  ener- 
gies are  large.  Fortunately,  the  pro- 
cedures are  so  simple  that  thev  may 
be  quickly  learned,  at  least  to  the 
point  of  practical  utility. 

It  may  be  asked:  "Does  not  this 
detailed  analysis  remove  all  room  for 
initiative,  for  creative  skill  in  indus- 
try?" It  may,  if  one  regards  it  as 
a  dictatorial  procedure,  but  when  the 
motion  study  man  thinks  of  himself 
as  a  teacher,  then  the  process  offers 
to  both  teacher  and  learner  possibil- 
ities of  release  of  creative  effort.  It 
is  axiomatic  that  a  man  enjoys  and 
takes  pride  in  a  task  which  he  does 
well.  A  surprising  number  of  people 
in  this  world,  often  without  full  con- 
sciousness of  tile  fact,  feel  themselves 
balked  and  limited  by  an  imperfect 
mastery  of  their  work.  Surely  there 
can  be  no  more  constructive  task  than 
to  supply  to  such  men  the  skill  which 
transforms  tiieni  into  fully  effective 
members  of  society.  As  to  the  charge 
of  routinizing.  Frank  Gilbreth  point- 
ed out  many  years  ago  that  one  of 
the  most  routinized  operations  in  tile 
world  is  tliat  of  tiie  skilled  surgeon 
who,  witii  tile  life  of  tiie  patient  often 
at  stake,  iias  to  find  tiie  best  method 
of  performance  and  reduce  it  so  def- 
initely to  routine  and  second  nature 
tiiat  iiis  mind  is  released  for  creative 
study  and  imjirovcment  of  his  task^ 
and  for  the  meeting  of  emergencies. 

Many  people  are  iiappiest  in  the 
security  of  work  which  is  essentially 
routine.  It  is  foolish  to  speak  of  the 
joy  of  creative  work  as  an  essential 
eienient  In  the  Iiap|)iness  of  the  aver- 
.ige  individii.il.  However,  so  far  as 
motion  study  introduces  a  change  into 
the  humdrum  of  work-a-day  life,  tiie 
direction  of  tliis  I'li.angc  seems  to  be 
all  tciw.ird  not  only  greater  ))rodue- 
ti\ity  but  gre.itir  competence  and 
self  .isMir.ince. 


47 


ARMOUR-LEWIS 

(From    page    22) 

Instriiitioii      in      Anliitcitiin      inn 
tiiiiKs  at   tli<-    Art    Iiistitiitf.   unilrr   tli<- 
.•idiiiinistratinn    ot    Ai-riKnir    Ccillii;.-    nt 
Kii^liiiiiriiij;. 
Arntdur   Collfpc   al    l'.ii<iiin-,r'ni<i: 

Kiinillmcnts  in  Arnmnr  ( 'ollim-.  in 
s|)it('  of  iniTiasfd  carr  in  stlictidii 
of  candidati-s  for  admission,  nailu-d 
till-  all-tinu-  hiiih  of  1  .-friO  stud.nts  in 
tin-  four  year  course,  .uid  .alioiit  K>lt 
in  till-  ('o-o))irativi-  Ciuirsc  in  Mi 
i-lianiial  l-'nijiniirinL!:.  niakinii  a  total 
of  ITtill.  Of  tliiM-.  f-'J  wiri-  iiiw 
stndi  nts.  :!?.")  mi  re  fnslnniii.  and  1-7 
win-  trall^fl•r  stndrnts  witli  advanced 
standini;  from  accriditcd  collt<;i's. 
Tlicrr  is  a  sulistantial  imri-.isi-  in  iii- 
roUmcnts  in  .Vrrliitiiturc  and  ('i\il 
Knirini-criiiir.  In  tin-  tlini-  npptr 
classes,  l)ut  not  conntid  a--  ni«  stn- 
dents,  are  more  than  half  of  the  en- 
ffincerinii  students  formerly  takinii 
dav  eourses  at  Lewis  Institute.  .\  lili- 
eral  jioliev  has  been  followed  in  in- 
teiiratiuir  these  men  into  the  student 
body,  .and  ))rovision  w.is  made  by  the 
Board  of  Trustees  whereliy  most  of 
them  reeei\ed  |),irtial  sehol.irships. 
lookin:;-  to  the  adjustment  of  tuition 
ehaiiiiis.  for  the  I'urrent  academic 
ve.ar.  to  corresliond  approximately 
witii  former  tuition  rates  at  Lewis. 
There  is  every  present  indication  that 
these  men  are  adapting  themselves 
sideiididly  to  their  new  environment. 
It  is  exi)ected  that  about  twenty  for- 
mer Lewis  euirini'irs  will  be  gradu- 
ated in  .tune.  1!>H  with  the  first 
iCniduatinLC  class  of  the  Illinois  Insti- 
tute   of    Teehnoloi:y. 

Members  of  the  faculty  of  the  for- 
mer Lewis  Institute  now  tiaehinsT  cn- 
frineerinu'  students  in  the  d.ay  classes 
on  the  .\rmour  Collette  campus  in- 
clude Louis  .L  ILaira  in  Metalluriry  : 
Frank  11.  Wade  .and  Kverett  C. 
Shum.in  in  Mecli.iiues;  I'.iul  (i.  .\n- 
dres  .and  I.i  Hoy  T.  .\ndirson  in 
I'hysies  and  Kleetrical  Kn-ineerinir : 
.L  ."^.  Koz.aeka  in  .Mechanical  Kniji- 
iieerini;:  (iilbert  Halverson  in  Phys- 
ics; .Mill.ird  P.  Hinyon  in  I.aiiiiu.iirc 
and  Literature:  M  rs.  Marie  \V.  .Speii 
cer  in  Kconomics:  .and  .lohn  V .  M'.air- 
ncr  in  Mathematics. 
Lewis  hislitiilf  nf  Arts  (iiul  Scii'uccs : 

The  enrollment  at  Lewis  Institute 
of  .\rts  .and  .Sciences  in  the  D.iv 
.School  is  over  tSO,  which  represents 
a  slifiht  increase  of  the  purely  .\rts 
and  .Seiencc  students  over  last  vear. 
In  .iddition  to  this,  tlure  .are  .")" 
freshinin  pursuini;  courses  .at  Lewis 
in   Ihi    curriculum   of  .Vrmonr   ('nllei;e. 

Menilu  rs  of  the   f.acultv   of   the    for- 


1111  r   \r iir    Institute   of  Technoloicy 

now  teaehini;  classes  at  Lewis  Insti- 
tute include  H.  H.  Freud  and  Melvin 
L.  .Scliidtz  in  Chemistry:  .Lames  S. 
riiom))son  in  Physics:  .John  W.  Cal- 
kin in  .M.atheniatics :  Walter  Hen- 
dricks .and  .Sanford  1?.  Meeeh  in  Kng 
lisli:  .lohn  1).  I.arkin  in  Political 
.Science:  (irant  N.  .Stiiiirer  in  Physical 
Kducation  and  tiym  work  for  men: 
().  (iordon  Krickson  in  Music:  and 
1).  C.  Lincoln  and  .VIvin  Turley  in 
(  111  niistry   ,as   irradu.atc   assistants. 

.\t  .1  student  .assemblv  under  the 
.ihle  leadership  of  .lohn  .1.  Seliom- 
nier.  opportunities  wire  presented  to 
the  Lewis  students  to  participate  in 
various  extra-curricular  activities  al- 
ready oriianized  and  under  way  at 
the  .\rmour  CollcKc.  As  a  result,  a 
number  of  students  are  already  mak- 
inu'  pl.ans  to  t.ake  ]).art  in  some  of 
these  ;icti\  ities.  The  min-rlins  of  the 
students  of  .\rtnour  and  Lewis  in  such 
a  manner  cannot  help  beintj  construc- 
tive .and  satisfvins;. 
F.nninq  Dmsion : 

The  program  of  the  I'.xenini;  I)i\i 
sion,  integrated,  and  operating  on  the 
two  campuses,  has  an  indicated  en 
rollment  of  about  ■■57-56 — 2218  on  the 
South  .Side,  and  1.508  on  the  West 
.Side.  It  was  necessary  to  close  regis- 
tr.ations  in  a  number  of  classes  be- 
cause of  insutficient  f.aeilities  to  take 
care  of  .all  apiilic.ints. 
(iradualf    l)h-'is'u>ii : 

.Vfter  .a  successful  S\nnmer  (ir.adu- 
.atc  Institute,  operated  in  three  terms 
of  four  weeks  each  from  mid-,hine  to 
niid-.Septeinber,  .and  staffed  by  dis- 
tinguished scholars  from  other  camp- 
uses as  well  as  our  own,  the  (iradu 
ate  Division  shows  increased  enroll- 
ments in  both  d.ay  and  evening 
classes.  Out  of  a  total  of  MyX.  7"() 
arc  in  day  classes,  the  b.il.anee  being 
employed  engineers  and  scientists, 
t.iking  p.irt-tiine  programs  in  the  eve- 
ning. The  great  ni.ajority  .arc  candi 
d.ates    for   higher  degrees.' 

It  is  the  conviction  of  all  concerned 
that  the  process  of  integr.ating  the 
two  schools,  both  having  been  inde- 
))endent  for  nearly  fifty  yi.ars,  having 
developed  smncwh.at  ditl'crent  ))at- 
terns.  .and  located  on  campuses  sep- 
.ar.ated  by  several  miles  of  city 
streets,  is  proceeding  with  .an  orderly 
ert'eetiveness  beyond  wh.it  ordinarilv 
could  be  expected,  a  result  .arising 
from  .1  iicrv.ading  spirit  of  cooperation 
.and  of  enthusi.ism  for  the  new  |)ro 
gr.am. 

DEAL      WITH 

OUR 

ADVERTISERS 


BOOK   SHELF 

(From    page    28) 

their  felt  tents,  and  tamed  their  herds 
of  horses.  It  was  these  isolated  and 
w.mdering  dwellers  of  high  Asia,  with 
the  h.ard  skin,  s(|uinting  eyes,  and 
bowed  legs  of  ])er])etual  riders,  and 
with  their  lives  as  well  as  their  bodies 
sh.ipiil  by  the  wiiui  and  the  earth  of 
the  steppes,  who  swarmed  ceaselessly 
.ig.iinst  the  w.alls  both  of  occidental 
.mil  orient.il  civiliz.ations.  For  most  of 
our  history,  it  was  the  steppe-country 
tli.it  produced  the  invader;  tlience 
rode  the  Medes.  the  Aryans,  the 
.Seythi.ans.  the  Huns,  the  Bulgars.  the 
.\vars.  .and  the  Magyars — indeed, 
nearly  .ill  the  hostile  peoples  who 
shook  the  kaleidoscope  perpetually 
into  sudden  and  startling  ])atterns; 
.and  if  Home  fell  before  Teutonic  and 
(iothie  attackers,  it  was  only  because 
these  in  turn  were  pressed  by  the 
fiercer  hordes  from  the  north. 

Mr.  Lamb's  narrative  puts  vividly 
— .it  times  even  magnificently — before 
us  that  amazing  motion  of  barbarous 
|)eopIes ;  the  horseback  Emperors,  the 
people  of  the  felt  tents,  the  dwellers 
in  all  the  Russias,  the  savage  steppe- 
country  itself,  all  become  strangely 
familiar  and  real;  Genghis-Khan, 
Ogadai  Khan,  Tsar  Batu,  Kubilai 
Khan,  Tamerlane,  and  Peter  the 
Builder  seem  to  emerge  from  leg- 
endary darkness  and  become  part  of 
the  actual  world,  an  intelligible  tissue 
of  man's  history.  I  recommend  this 
book  enthusiastically ;  even  the  most 
naive  reader  ought  to  find  pleasure 
and  profit  in  it. 

The  second  book  I  should  like  to 
i-all  to  vour  attention  is  the  new  EN- 
CYCLOPEDIA OF  WORLD  HLS- 
TORY  (Houghton  Mifflin,  .*->..50). 
edited  by  Willi.im  L.  Langer.  with  the 
eoll.ibor.ition  of  some  fifteen  dis 
tinguished  historians.  This  volume 
l)rimarily  ,a  reference  book,  stands  of 
course  at  the  opposite  extreme  from 
the  books  of  Harold  Lamb;  you  li.avi 
here  history  stripped  to  the  bone. 
s.iiis  the  .irguments,  and  insofar  as  it 
is  |ir,ictic.illy  jiossiblc,  the  hypotheses 
of  histori.ms.  The  work  is  advcrtisei 
.IS  a  rex  ision  of  Ploetz'  famous  /•.'/<; 
ttnni-  of  I'liiiirsal  Histari/,  and  w.r 
originally  undertaken  as  such:  but  ii 
point  of  fact  it  owes  little  if  anything 
in  that  direction.  While  one  must 
gr.ant  the  editor's  claim  that  the  n.ir 
rowiuss  and  Teutonic  bias  of  Ploetz 
li.ivc  been  avoided  in  this  work,  < 
m.iy  nevertheless  regret  the  omission 
by  tile  present  editor  of  countless  dc- 
t.iils  which  made  the  Epitome  so  ex- 


48 


seediiiifly  valuable;  indeed, 'in  most 
respects  of  thoroughness,  clarity,  and 
fichness  of  historical  information,  the 
alder  volume  is  the  superior.  Nonethe- 
less, the  Kncijclopedia  is  a  very  useful 
ind  resjiei'tahK-  hook;  and  I  am  sure 
that  you  will  find  it  an  indispensable 
companion  to  your  <laily  newspaper. 
Elder  Olson. 

In  the  jjast  fifteen  years,  with  an 
increase  of  only  four  percent  in  piston 
iisplaeement,  there  has  been  an  in- 
crease of  ninety-one  percent  in  brake 
liorsepower  of  the  automobile  engine. 
Likewise  in  that  same  period  the  use- 
ful mileage  life  of  the  automobile  has 
increased  by  175  percent.  The  major 
portion  of  the  useful  mileage  increase 
lias  occurred  during  the  past  six 
^ears. 

If  those  engineers  responsible  for 
the  advance  in  tlie  autcnnobile  ,ind 
iviation  industry  were  asked  to  list 
the  first  three  or  four  things  that  are 
largely  resjionsible  for  the  outstand- 
ing strides  that  have  been  made  in 
these  industries  in  the  past  few  years 
I  am  sure  all   of  them  would  include 


one  thing  th/it  has  bren  known  for 
many  years,  but  which  has  not  been 
maile  use  of  on  any  broad  scale  until 
about  six  years  .ago.  I  refer  to  "super- 
finish"  and  the  Director  of  Production 
Keseareh  of  the  Chrysler  Division  of 
the  C'hrysbr  Corporation.  Mr.  Ar- 
thur M.  .Swigert,  Jr.,  in  his  new 
book.  Till-:  Story  of  Supkrfixisii. 
gives  a  technical  description  in  per- 
fectly understandable  language  of  this 
development  that  started  with  civili- 
zation and  culminated  in  one  of  tiie 
most  important  factors  in  a  great 
many  of  our  modern  industries.  l)ar- 
tieularly  that  of  the  .automobile  and 
aeroplane. 

Mr.  Swigert  develojjs  his  subject  in 
a  style  that  will  make  this  book  of 
great  interest  to  the  student  of  engi- 
neering. He  incorporates  sufficient  de- 
tail to  make  the  book  of  value  to  men 
engaged  in  production  or  in  charge  of 
production  methods.  A  very  clear 
picture  is  given  of  the  five  primary 
methods  of  finishing  metal  surfaces: 
turning,  grinding,  honing,  lapping, 
and    sn])erfinish,    not    only    from    the 


standpoint  of  producing  them  but  in 
connection  with  their  relative  useful- 
ness in  the  modern  machine. 

Because  of  the  importance  of  finisli 
in  ])roblenis  of  lubrication,  Mr.  Swi- 
gert ineor])orates  a  most  enlightening 
chapter  on  lubrication  .and  its  relation 
to  surface  finish. 

Metallurgy  eonus  in  for  consider- 
,il)le  discussion  in  connection  with  the 
j)art  it  ])lays  in  making  possible  the 
])roducti(ni  of  sui)erfinisli  as  well  as 
in  its   usefulness. 

.Mr.  .Swigert's  book  is  a  timely 
presentation  of  one  of  the  most  im- 
[jortant  aids  that  man  has  found  in 
aj)))roaeliing  the  solution  of  the  prob- 
lem that  he  has  set  for  himself, 
namely  the  development  of  the  per- 
fect machine. 

This  compilation  of  techniques  em- 
ployed in  the  development  and  pro- 
duction control  of  Superfinish  will 
lie  of  great  \-.alue  to  the  industrial 
research  in.an  in  the  solution  of  many 
problems  outside  of  the  field  of  sujier- 
finish. 

Thos.  C.  Poulter. 


ENGINEERING  TRAINING 


IN  WARTIME  AND  PEACETIME 


IS  ESSENTIAL  TO  THE 


NATION'S  WELFARE 


49 


COAL 


•  is  deep  mined  from  both  5th  and  6th 
veins  in  the  high  quahty  southern 
Illinois  field  —  and  from  6th  vein,  cen- 
tral Illinois  district  — 

•  refined  of  impurities  and  ultra  fines  — 

•  in  7-step  Superior  Processmg  plants 
which  represent  nearly  two  million 
dollars  invested  in  modern  refining 
equipment. 

•  under  continuous  laboratory  check- 
tests  at  each  mine,  of  every  car  of  coal 
shipped. 


\nc\vide^ 


PEABODY  COAL  COMPANY 


CHICAGO-NEW  YORKST  LOUIS  •OHAHA-CINCINNAThSPRINGFIELDNINNEAPOLI 


50 


LOOK 


.  .  .  and  you  will  find,  if  you  are  a  discriminating 
engineer  or  industrialist,  that  your  plant,  equipment, 
product  and  employees  are  protected  by  ECONOMY 
RENEWABLE,  ECO,  ARKLESS,  CLEARSITE 
or  TAMRES  FUSES  —  a  refinement  in  safety  pro- 
duced by  over  a  Quarter  Century  of  Dependable  Service. 


Economy  Fuse  and  Manufacturing  Company 


General  Offices— Green  view  at  Diversey  Parkway 
CHICAGO.  ILLINOIS.  U.S.A. 


51 


ILLinOIS 

mSTITUTE  OF  TECHnOLOCV 


A   CONSOLIDATION   OF  ARMOUR   INSTITUTE  OF  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LEWIS  INSTITUTE 

DAY  AND  EVENING  CLASSES 

^ARMOUR    COLLEGE    OF    ENGINEERING 


^ 


^^ 


The  Undergraduate  Curriculum  provides  tor  a  tour  year  program  of  day  study  leading 

to  the  degree  oi  Bachelor  ot  Science  in  chemical,  civil,  electrical,  mechanical  and  fire 
protection  engineering  in  chemistry,  physics  and  mathematics,  and  in  architecture, 
The  Graduate  School,  recently  enlarged  as  to  scope  and  facilities,  provides  opportunity 
for  graduate  students  to  obtain  further  specialized  training  in  engineering  and  science 
and  to  pursue  work  for  the  Masters  and  Doctors  degrees.  The  Cooperative  Program, 
as  a  supplement  to  the  regular  undergraduate  instruction  in  mechanical  engineering 
provides  an  opportunity  for  students  of  limited  financial  means  to  complete,  under  the 
five  year  Cooperative  course,  the  regular  four  year  mechanical  engineering  program- 
Evening  Sessions.  Many  of  the  subjects  taught  during  the  day  ore  offered  in  evening 
classes  It  is  also  possible  to  complete  by  evening  study  the  work  for  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Science  in  civil,  chemical,  electrical  and  mechanical  engineering.  Special 
courses  are  offered  for  students  and  men  in  industry  not  interested  in  degrees;  and  it 
is  possible,  in  many  cases,  to  complete  graduate  work  for  the  Master's  degree  by 
evening  study. 


^  LEWIS    INSTITUTE   OF  ARTS  AND   SCIENCES 


The  curriculum  provides  for  study  leading  to  the  Bachelor  of  Science  degree  in  the 
arts  and  sciences  with  majors  in  biology,  business  administration,  chemistry,  education, 
English,  history,  home  economics,  mathematics,  physics,  political  science,  psychology 
and  sociology.  The  courses  in  Home  Economics  meet  the  needs  of  four  groups  of  stu- 
dents: Those  who  wish  to  study  the  arts  and  sciences  fundamental  to  the  management 
ot  the  home;  those  who  wish  to  become  teachers;  those  who  wish  to  prepare  them- 
selves for  vocations  other  than  teaching;  those  who  may  wish  to  include  in  general 
college  work  courses  having  to  do  with  the  home  and  its  relation  to  the  community 
In  the  department  of  Business  and  Economics,  instruction  is  given  in  accounting,  audit- 
ing, money  and  banking,  production  management  marketing,  advertising,  business 
law,  statistics,  and  taxation.  Pre-Professional  Courses  receive  special  attention.  Courses 
in  Education  amply  meet  the  requirements  for  an  Illinois  high-school  teacher's  certifi- 
cate Evening  Sessions.  Evening  instruction  in  the  arts  and  sciences,  including  pre- 
professional  courses,  special  courses  for  teachers  and  courses  of  general  interest  are 
offered  on  the  Lewis  campus.  It  is  possible  to  complete,  by  evening  study,  work  for 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science  in  the  arts  and  sciences,  business  administration 
and  home  economics.  In  general,  a  varied  program  oi  engineering  subjects  for  degree 
and  sequence   work   is  also  available  on  the   Lewis  campus. 


^ARMOUR     RESEARCH     FOUNDATION 

A  professional  service  to  industry  for  experimental  engineering,   research  and  develop- 
ment. 


K>R  III  i.i.tTiss  Oh  I  in:  issriri  ri:.   ti)ni<Es>t 

iieiur-.i]     liifiiriliulioll 
Evi-niii);    Sf->iiiii> 
r,r;i(h]:ilr    Cmir-f- 


Tin:  Ki:(,isi  K  ii{ 

llliiu.i^    In>litiite    i>f     ri-rlii 
:t:in2  Fed.-ral  Slr.-.'l 
Chirat-o.    IlliMui. 


52 


heiie^ 


eA^Xflkvee^ 


Wh 


HEN  you  receive  your  diploma  and 
enter  upon  your  career  as  a  mechanical  engineer 
you  will  find  a  sound  knowledge  of  bearing  design 
and  application  one  of  your  most  valuable  assets. 

Wherever  wheels  and  shafts  turn,  every  piece  of 
mechanical  equipment  has  its  own  bearing  re- 
quirements. It  will  be  part  of  your  job  to  analyze 
these  requirements  and  prescribe  bearings  to 
meet  them. 

It  is  particularly  important  that  you  have  a  thor- 
ough understanding  of  the  design  and  advan- 
tages of  the  tapered  roller  bearing  on  account 
of  its  versatility  and  wide  range  of  application. 

This  bearing  has  been  developed  to  an  extremely 
high  degree  of  efficiency  by  The  Timken  Roller 
Bearing  Company  during  the  past  42  years,  with 
the  result  that  more  TIMKEN  Tapered  Roller 
Bearings  are  now  used  in  all  kinds  of  industrial 
machinery  than  any  other  bearings. 

Write  for  a  copy  of  the  184  page  Timken  Refer- 
ence Manual — a  complete  text  book  of  tapered 
roller  bearing  design  and  application. 


TIMKEN 

JAPmO  ROLLER  BEARIHCS 

Manufacturers  of  TIMKEN  Tapered  Roller  Bearings 
for  automobiles,  motor  trucks,  railroad  cars  and 
locomotives  and  all  kinds  of  industrial  machin- 
ery; TIMKEN  Alloy  Steels  and  Carbon  and  Alloy 
Seamless  Tubing;  and  TIMKEN   Rock   Bits. 


THE  TIMKEN  ROLLER  BEARING  COMPANY,  CANTON,  OHIO 


TH£ 


WAY  TO 


moR£ 


SMOKfl^^  ^^^ 


EASUR^ 


Make 


your 


loday,  mf)r(>  than  over,  [hm»ji1c  arc  lakinp;  to  Choslerfirld 
because  CheslerfieM  concentrates  on  the  important  things  in 
smoking.  Yon  smoke  Chesterheltls  and  find  them  cool  and 
pleasant.  Yon  light  one  after  another,  and  they  really  taste  bet- 
ter. Yon  bny  pack  after  pack,  and  (ind  them  definitely  milder. 

For  complete  smoking  satisfaction 

you  can't  buy  a  better  cigarette 


"''Chesterf/fld 


Copyright  I'll',  l.icorn  &  Myers  Tobacco  Co. 


ARMOUR 
ENGINEER 

AND  ALUMNUS 


Ai- 


DECEMBER,  1940 


•  TO  MAKE  YOUR 
PROBLEMS  SIMPLER 


j.y 


Tl  I II   slmiilificalion   of  |>r<>ilii('li<>n   jirocessfs   in  an'    used    aro    auloiiioliilr    lli(^.    riibhcr    poods    of 

which  chcinicals  arc  used  is  a  mailer  lo  wliicli  c\cr\   d(>cri|ili(iii.  |iriiiliii;;  ink-.  |iainls.  |ia|icr.  oil, 

more    anil    more    manwraclurers    arc    giving    their  pla^lio.    eo>niclii>-.    le\lilo.    Irallur    anil    others, 

allcntiori.  Sim|>lilication  ihroiigh  hctlcr  and  more  The    ini  |>ro\  cnicn  ts    made    in    W  iteo    |iro(liu'tS 

edieieni    i(|ui|imeril    i>    one    \\a\.    hut    an    cqiialK  lliniii^h  roearch  i^  heinp  rellcilcii  in  an  increasing 

im|)ortant    ua\    i>   lliroui;li    llic   ini|iro\  cmeni    and  niimhcr   ol    licl(l>.    II    \  on    arc   >cckirip   liclter   anil 

ada|italion  orelieiiiieaU   tiiemscKo  li>  the  cliaii; 
inp  needs  ol    the  da\ . 

W  ileoV  neu  rcMarch  iahoralorv.  eiiiil|.|,ed  »ilh  products  and   lesl   tli 

tile  most  modern  lacililic-  and  designed  lor  work 
on  main  t\|ii>  ol  malciiaU.  i>  helping  mannlai- 
turers  acliicM-  greater  sim|dieit\  in  their  methods. 
I'articularK  in  ihc  lield  ol  elicmieals.  pigments, 
oils,  asphalts  and  allied  maleriai>  is  this  lahora- 
tor\    aclise.    Among    the    piodiicis    in    Miiieli    these 


more    iiidi\  idiKili/ed    si'r\  ice    lor   materials    in    this 
line    we    iiiNilc    \  on    tn    scciii<-    samples    ol     \\  iteo 
III    III    \  .Mil    processes. 


n,l^,r-    »li..    »....!    .1.  I...l.'.l.    r.i.'Mi.il   ill- 

f..r I...M     on     .1...... r...l.,.|.    »{ll 

In.. I  ..III.  I... f.....   |.r.-..'..l.'.l 

......  .-.K  ...  ii...  w  1 1<  o  I'KoDi  crs 

I kl.  c    W.     ..ill    ::l...ll.    ...I'l'l.     ...II 

...ll.  ..-  ......1.    ...|...  -  .,-   ....ir  ..r|.'...../.|. 


New  YoiV,  295  Madison  Avenue  •  Boston, 
Ul  Milk  Slreel  •  Chitogo,  Inbune  Tower. 
Clevelond,  614  Si.  Clo.r  A.enue,  N.  E. 
DnHas.  Texas.  610  Dollas  Notional  Bonk 
.,-vc  -,  ,1  ..g  •  W.ico  Affiliotes.  Witco  Oil  & 
P^>  omoonv  •  The  Pioneer  Asoholt  Co. 

1.  n'.,,„dle  Co.bon  Compony  •  Ha. old 
.\.  .1  I,  &  Wilco  Ltd..  Keyslgn  House,  429 
O.lo.d     Slieet.     london.    W.     I.    England. 

BUY  DIRECT  AND  PROFIT  DIRECTLY 


6'B(/amf>us  /\/ews 


MfCROANALYSfS 

IN  ordinary  chemical  analysis,  uhcre  iiuitcrnal  is  plentihil, 
the  work  is  done  on  a  scale  most  suitable  for  obtainint;  rhc 
results  sought.  Samples  are  relatively  abundant;  they  ma\  be 
used  prodigally. 

Not  always,  however,  is  the  material  tor  test  so  plentiful.  The 
General  Electric  Research  Laboratory  at  Schenectady,  N.  Y., 
handles  the  exceptions  with  its  facilities  tor"microchemistrv," 
in  «  hich  the  amount  ot  test  material  available  controls  both 
the  scale  ot  operations  and  the  strategy  ot  attack.  Micro- 
analyst  Charles  \  an  Brunt,  Harvaril,  '92,  ot  the  laborat(ir\ 
stafF  is  prepared  to  test  material  whose  limit  in  smallness  is 
set  only  by  the  refinements  ot  manipulation  attainable  under 
the  microscope  with  the  aid  ot  a  "micromanipulator." 

Seldom  does  \  an  Brunt  attempt  to  identity  or  classify  ma- 
terials in  solution  volumes  less  than  a  cubic  millimeter  (about 
the  size  ot  a  pinhead).  But  to  analyze  an  ordinary  drop,  as 
delivered  trom  a  medicine  dropper,  is  comparatively  coarse 
work  tor  him  -near  the  upper  hmit  ot  the  rrue  microchemica 
range. 


FROZEN  LIGHT 


T 


HE  "late"  Baron  Munchausen  was  accredited  (by 
self)  with  incredible  teats  among  which  was  treezin 
t  a  bell.  Recently,  however,  Cjeneral  Electric  Rest. 


him 
I  the 
arch 


Laboratory  scientists  at  Schenectady,  N.  V.,  outdid  the  Baron 
by  freezing  light. 

In  producing  this  frozen  light,  G-E  scientists  submerged 
fluorescent  plates  in  a  large  thermos  bottle  of  liquid  air 
uith  a  temperature  of  320  degrees  below  zero.  The  bottle 
and  the  plates  were  then  bombarded  by  x-rays,  exciting  the 
atoms  of  fluorescent  material  on  the  plates  literally  freezing 
them  stiff.  When  the  plates  were  removed  and  allowed  to 
warm  up,  they  glowed  with  all  the  colors  of  the  rainbow. 

-A  "bottle"  of  frozen  light  was  sent  to  East  (Jrange,  N.  J., 
where  it  was  unveiled  in  connection  with  the  ceremonies 
marking  the  premiere  ot  the  motion  picture,  "  Edison,  The 
.Man." 


RADIO  TURKISH  BATH 

R-ATS  and  moisture  seem  to  be  the  two  chief  enemies  of 
radio  sets  in  the  tropics.  .\  letter  trom  the  Belgian  Congo 
testifies  to  the  rats;  the  evidence  for  the  humidity  is  already 
ample.  Except  tor  reconuuending  traps,  there  is  little  the 
(ieneral  Electric  Company  can  do  about  the  rats,  but  the 
study  ot  humidity  is  right  up  its  alley  since  G-E  engineers  at 
Bridgeport,  Conn.,  have  built  a  humidity  chamber  capable  ot 
reproducing  the  weather  conditions  of  the  tropics. 

Lamps  under  water  tanks  pro\ide  humiditx  l>>  vaporization, 
ami  generate  enough  heat  to  maintain  a  temperature  of  about 
100  F.  Humidity  and  temperature  are  controlled  by  time 
clocks  outside  the  sealed  chamber,  while  uniform  weather 
conditions  are  nuiintained  within  the  chamber  by  circulating 
fans. 

Radio  receivers  placed  in  this  room  are  continuously  sub- 
jected to  conditions  far  more  severe  than  those  ot  the  tropics 
until  failures  occur  in  the  sets.  In  this  way,  young  engineering 
college  graduates  enrolled  in  the  G-E  Test  Course  gather 
ilata  which  contribute  to  the  improvement  ot  radio,  not  only 
in  the  tropics,  but  everyw  here  that  radios  are  used. 


GENERAL  m  ELECTRIC 


CONTRIBUTORS 


JOHN  DE  CICCO 

Illinois    Institute, 


Instructor  in  Mathematics  at 


BARNETT  F.  DODGE,  author  of  numerous  scien- 
tific papers  and  books,  received  in  1917  the  S.B. 
from  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology:  the 
Sc.  D.  from  Harvard  in  1925.  From  1917  to  1922 
he  served  Industry  as  a  chemical  engineer,  first 
with  E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemours  &  Co.,  and  later 
with  the  Lewis  Recovery  Corporation.  Lecturer  m 
chemical  engineering  at  Harvard  during  1921-25. 
lie  joined  this  department  at  Yale  in  1925.  Since 
1931,  he  has  been  chairman  of  the  department.  In 
addition  to  his  duties  at  Harvard  and  Yale,  Pro- 
■^essor  Dodge  lectured  during  1922-25  at  Wor- 
cester Polytechnic  Institute,  and  In  1925  served  as 
chemical  engineer  at  the  fixed  nitrogen  research 
laboratory  of  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture. 
During  1940,  he  was  visiting  professor  of  Chemical 
Engineering  Thermodynamics  at  the  Summer 
Graduate  Institute  of  Illinois  Institute  of  Technology. 

LUDWIG  HILBERSEIMER  was  born  In  Karlsruhe, 
Germany,  and  studied  at  the  Institute  of  technol- 
ogy of  that  city.  Having  later  established  himself 
in  Berlin  as  an  architect.  Professor  Hllberselmer 
wrote  extensively  on  the  subject  of  modern  archi- 
tecture, in  1928  he  was  appointed  Professor  of 
City  Planning  at  the  Bauhaus  in  Dessau,  where  he 
founded  the  department.  Since  1938  he  has  held 
the  position  of  Professor  of  City  Planning  at  the 
School  of  Architecture  of  Illinois  Institute  of  Tech- 
nology. The  works  of  Professor  Hllberselmer  in- 
clude Internationale  Neue  Baultunst,  Grosstadt 
Architekur,  Beton  als  Gestaiter,  and  Hallenbauten, 
the  last  a  treatise  written  for  Das  Handbuch  der 
Architekur.  In  a  work  recently  completed,  he  has 
further  extended  his  ideas  regarding  city  planning. 

ELDER  OLSON  is  Assistant  Professor  of  English  at 
Illinois  Institute. 

CLARENCE  OLDS  SAPPINGTON  received  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  from   the  Stanford 


School  of  Medicine  in  1918.  The  year  following  he 
became  chief  surgeon  of  the  Pacific  Coast  Ship- 
building Company,  and  in  1920  was  commissioned 
assistant  surgeon  In  the  United  States  Public  Health 
Service  at  San  Francisco.  Following  two  years  ot 
study,  he  received  from  Harvard  in  1924  the  de- 
gree of  Doctor  of  Public  Health.  In  1928  Dr.  Sap- 
plngton  came  to  Chicago  as  Director  of  the  Divi- 
sion of  Industrial  Health  of  the  National  Safety 
Council,  which  supplies  an  advisory  service  to 
American  industry  on  problems  of  health  ana 
safety.  Two  years  later  he  was  chosen  as  a  dele- 
gate to  the  International  Hygiene  Congress  at 
Dresden.  In  1932  Dr.  Sapplngton  opened  his  pres- 
ent office  in  Chicago  as  a  consulting  industrial 
hyglenist,  and  since  that  time  has  served  In  fifteen 
states  as  consultant  to  many  large,  medium,  and 
small  companies.  In  addition,  he  has  been  con- 
sultant to  a  number  of  insurance  companies,  ana 
is  Editor-in-Chief  of  Industrial  Medicine.  His  volu- 
minous contributions  to  the  literature  of  Industrial 
medicine  and  hygiene  number  more  than  two  hun- 
dred reports,  articles,  monographs,  and  books.  O^ 
the  last,  the  Medicolegal  Phases  of  Occupational 
Diseases,  was  given  the  Williann  S.  Knudsen  Award 

by  the  American  Association  of  Industrial  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  for  having  made  the  most 
outstanding     contribution     to     Industrial     medicine 

1938-1939." 

ARTHUR  WILLIAM  SEAR  joined  the  faculty  of 
Illinois  Institute  of  Technology  In  1925.  His  Inter- 
est In  radio  began  with  a  course  In  radio  com- 
munication from  Professor  G.  M.  Wilcox,  outstand- 
ing pioneer  In  this  field.  At  the  conclusion  of  the 
course,  Professor  Wilcox  requested  Mr.  Sear  to 
assist  him  In  his  research  and  consulting  work.  Upon 
Professor  Wilcox's  retirement  In  1933,  the  radio 
engineering  work  was  transferred  to  the  Electrical 
Engineering  Department,  and  Mr.  Sear  placed  in 
charge.  Since  that  time  the  energy  of  Professor 
Sear  and  his  close  association  with  radio  engineers 
have  kept  Instruction  and  laboratory  work  at  Illinois 
Institute  fully  abreast  of  all  developments  In  the 
field   of   radio   communication. 


ARMOUR 
ENGINEER 

AND  ALUMNUS 

DECEMBER  VOLUME  6 

1940  NUMBER   2 


IN  THIS  ISSUE 

THE  ELEMENTS  OF  CITY  PLANNING,  By  Ludwig  K.  Hilberseimer 4 

SOURCES  OF  ENERGY:  PAST,  PRESENT  AND  FUTURE,  By  Barnett  F.  Dodge  14 

ALFRED    S.   ALSCHULER                             16 

INDUSTRIAL  HEALTH,   By  C.  O.  Sappmgton 18 

AROUND  THE  CORNER  WITH  FM,  By  Arthur  W.  Sear 21 

ENGINEERING   DEFENSE  TRAINING     24 

COOPERATIVE  CURRICULA:  LEWIS  INSTITUTE  OF  ARTS  AND  SCIENCE  26 

THE  BOOKSHELF,  By  Elder  Olson  and  John  De  Clcco 28 

ILLINOIS  TECH    RELAY   GAMES             30 

PLACEMENT  NEWS,  By  John  J.  Schommer 31 

JUNIOR    FORMAL                            3! 

MIDWEST  POWER  CONFERENCE  33 

FROM  YEAR  TO  YEAR,  By  A.  H.  Jens,  '3  1 34 


J.   B.   FINNEGAN,    EdHor-in-Chief  GRANT   McCOLLEY,   Associate   Editor 

A.  H.  JENS,  Alumni  Editor  MARIAN    F.   PAGE,    Business   Manager 

Student  Editors  Student  Assistants,  Business  Staff 

E.  C.  Niezgodski  G.  W.  S+aats  E.  J.  Colant  W.  J.  Ores  M.   L.   Fitch 

R.  J.  Sullivan  R.  H.  TalcoH  B.  E.  Flood  J.  W.  Harnach  R.  E.  Kubltz 

R.  H.  Dundas  Blake  Hooper  G.  R.  Mahn  L.  E.  OrsI  Chas.    Rowbotham 


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^•*^*55^^M-?^'^ 


The  City  in  the  Landscape 


THE  ELEMENTS  OF  CITY  PLANNING 


By 


LUDWIG  K.  HILBERSEIMER 


Tlinr       iii.iiii        I'.irtdi-s       li.iM        cdii-  art.ristir    iii(i\  ciiuiit     tciwanl     the     cni-  tlir    rdiniiiiiiiic-.iliiui    l.iiio   at    tin     licart 

triluitrd      t(i      thr      r.iiiiil      iirnwth      of  tcv,  o{    tin     lity     nsultcd    in    a     ilisa^t  roiii 

cities     ill     till-     last     (iiiturv     ami     liavr  As     tlicsc     towns     ixrrw.     sonirt iiiics  lilocl<iii,u'  of   traffic    tlicrc,    wliil.-    at    tin 

hroiiiilit    alioiit    till     |ii-(  sent    coiincstioii  to    cities    of    x  ast    si/e,    tliey    eoiitiiiiied  same    time    tile    outskirts     of    the    citj 

of     ])o|)ulatioii :     fn  edoin     to     mijirate.  to     dcM-loi)     aloiii:     tliis     same     svsteiii  sufl'ered     from     a     sliortaiie     of    ]iiilili( 

tlu'   divclopmcnt    of    industry,   and    tlie  «{      eeiitralizatioii.      W'liile      this      was  eoineyaneis.      Tiii.s     conciition     is 

inere.'is<-d    facilities    of    communicatiini.  tliorouiilily       satisfaitovy       for       small  dent    from    a    traffic    diauram    of    I, on 

Hut    no    rcLiulatini;-    |iriiici|)le,    no    prin-  towns,    it     lias    pro\cd     e(|ually     as     in-  don.        'I'liere      wi-      can      readily 

eiple      of     order     adtapiatc      to      control  adeipiati-     for    tlie     lari;-e    cities    of    our  liow      sucli      a      system      of      ciiitraliza 

these  activities  could   he   formed.      'I'lic  .me.       'I'lie     <()Ui;(st ion     of     iiopniation  tion     is     at     oil<is     with      modern     mc 

(■onsc(|ueiU'c      has      hecn      tli.it       forces  hrouuht      .ihout      prohlcms      th.at      such  chanical    means    of   conmuinication. 

oriijin.illy     constructix  <■     soon     Ik  came  cities    wire    iin.ahlc    to    meet.      The    in-  The    final    hlow    to    centralized    cit; 

ilestructivc     forces.  <'re.-iscd    dem.-iiid     for   liousiiin    w.is    nut  |il;niiiiiin    ciiiie     from     the      aiitomoliilt 

.Most      of     our     citii's     ar<-     an     out-  hv    .a    sp.-iw  iiiiiii'   ol'    unw  holesomi     Ic  iii  This     f.actor.    wliii-h    seemed    so    iiiiim 

jirowth  of  a   ccutralizcd   system    which  ments    with    iiisullicic  nt    liiiht    .and    .lir.  pin-t.int    in   its  early  days,  has   lirouiih 

developed   oriranically  out   of   the   <on-  L.irne     f.ictoric  s.     luiilt      with      no     re  .ihout     a    complete    revolution.      Mi 

ditiims     n.atiiral     to     .a     citv     of     pedes  i;;ir(l     for    tlu      iii.irhy     resident  i.al     dis  of      coini  y.ance      di-pendent      ini      r.ail- 

tri.ins.      The     ciiltur.il,     ailmiiiistr.itive  tricts.    soon    iiilcctcd    these     with    their  heeause      of      llitir     i-ost.      Ii.id      .alw.ay 

.and     hiisim  ss     center     w.is     .ilw.avs     lo  smoke    .and    fumes.     This    seriously    e\  hecn    limilial    to    .1    few     lin.s.      In    <-on 

catcd      .at      the      heart      of      such     towns  .au'iivr.atcd       111,'       already        in.ailiapiate  tr;ist      with      tlii..      file      .iiitomoluh 

within    easy    reach    from    tlu     outskirts.  s.anitary    conditions.  rcstrictid    to  no  dellnite    ro.id.      In    .a. 

.Means     of     commnnic.ation     for     li.ind  The    steadily     incrcisinii    city     tr.if  dition.    its    speid    h.is    further    (omi)li 

liiiiT   crowds    wire    unni  cess.iry  .        This  lie     reipiircd     for     the     trans|)ortatiiin  catcd    the    prohlem    with     the     nnmbe 

held    true    whether    these     towns     wen-  of    the    jiopulation    soon    m.ade    ohvious  of    tr.afhc    .iceidents    we    sec    increasin, 

of     the      so  cilled     ori;.iiiic     type     such  the     incflicicncy     of     the     e\istii|M-     city  from    d.ay    to    li.ay    in    our    cities, 

.as       .Not  rdlini'en.      or      whetiier      liny  .irr.ini;cment.       .Ml      me.iiis     of     tr.iiis  1 

were     geometric     in     their     Layout     like  port.ition     led     to    :i     siniile     point,     the  Concurrently     with     the     centr.ali/e 

I'riine:     there     w.as     .alw.ivs     .1     ch.ar-  cil\      center.       The     confluence     of     .all  cit\     .1     new     lil.in    of    urh.an    iiri;,iniz;i 


Noerdlingen — Typical    Organic    City 


Priene — Typical    Geometric   City 


ion  lias  been  evolvino'  during  the 
ast  few  decades.  This  plan,  much 
letter  adapted  to  our  present-day 
lemands,  is  the  system  of  ribbon  de- 
felo])ment.  As  the  origins  of  the 
entralized  system  can  be  traced  to 
m  old  form  of  .settlement — the  eir- 
■ular  vilLiiie  which  grew  out  of  a 
leed  for  defense — so  the  "ribbon 
levelopment"  also  has  had  a  fore- 
unner  in  the  simple  village  built 
dong  both   sides  of  a  street. 

In  its  present  form  the  develop- 
Qent  of  thi.s  ribbon  s^'stem  of  town 
)lanning  can  be  traced  to  the  Span- 
sh  writer.  Soria  y  Mata  (La  Cludad 
'/ni,-al,  .Madrid.  ioSl).  In  1882.  he 
;Uggested  the  idea  that  the  city 
hould  be  built  along  a  main  artery 
'f  communication.  This,  he  claimed, 
rould  be  the  city  of  the  future,  the 
nds  of  which  might  be  Cadiz  and 
it.  Petersburg,  or  Peking  and  Brus- 
els.  "If  you  lay  railroad  and  street 
lines,  gas.  water  and  electric 
pains  along  one  j)rincipal  channel. 
nd  i)lace  at  fixed  intervals  some 
mall  buildings  intended  for  various 
)cal    administration     offices,     all     the 


jiroblenis  created  by  the  concentra- 
tion of  population  in  the  central  type 
city  will  be  immediately  solved.  The 
expansion  of  sucii  a  city  would  be 
very  simple.  At  any  point  along  the 
line  where  it  is  neeessarv  or  topo- 
grai)hieal]y  possible,  a  new  town 
could  be  started  at  an  angle  to  the 
main  line  like  the  branch  of  a  tree." 
The  scheme  of  Soria  y  Mata  was 
originally  intended  to  connect  two 
densely  ])0|)ulated  cities.  On  Imtlj 
sides  of  this  main  channel  residen- 
tial zones  were  to  be  located  in  the 
adjoining  country.  "The  character 
of  infinity,  tyjiical  of  the  ribbon 
town  whicii  c;in  be  elongated  on  two 
sides  while  it  i^  limited  on  the  other 
two  sides,  ni.ikes  it  an  ideal  form 
for  civilization  and  culture." 

To  eom|)are  the  central  type  city 
with  the  ribbon  type  on  the  basis  of 
suitability  and  economic  expediency, 
it  would  be  necessary  to  take  two 
ideal  areas  of  equal  size  and  sim- 
ilar communication  problems.  One 
such  ideal  area  was  taken  bv  Tud- 
wig  .Sierks  and  worked  out  on  the 
basis     of    the     centric    svstem.     Peter 


I'riedrich  took  .Sierks'  proposal  as  a 
basis  for  a  comparative  solution  by 
ribbon  development.  He  adopted  an 
ideal  area  of  the  same  size  and 
character  as  .Sierks  had  proposed.  In 
the  centric  pl.in  of  .Sierks  there  were 
thirty-six  terminals  from  which  two 
trains  left  every  hour,  that  is.  sev- 
entv-two  trains  for  the  whole  system. 
In  tile  ribbon  |)lan  of  Friedrich 
thire  were  only  twelve  terminals. 
From  eaeii  of  these,  six  trains  were 
able  to  leave  every  hour.  Tile  tot.il 
number  of  trains  was  therefore  the 
same,  seventy-two  trains  for  each 
system.  However,     in     the     centric 

system,  trains  left  only  e\iry  half 
hour,  whereas  in  tlie  ribbon  system 
they  left  every  ten  minutes.  The  a\- 
er;ige  dist.nices  between  center  ;ind 
terminal  in  the  first  system  was  .3..) 
miles.  In  the  second  system  the  dis- 
tances were,  however,  t  mile.  I'iie 
running  time  therefore  had  to  in- 
crease accordingly.  Hut  this  w.is 
made  up  for  in  the  rilibon  system 
by  the  shorter  waiting  time,  due  to 
till,  fact  th.-it  ill  this  svstem  thrci 
times    ;is    maiiv    trains     were     runniiiir 


Circular    Village 


age 


Soria  y  Mata:  LA  CIUDAD  LINEAL— 1882 


Left:     Ludwig    Sierks 
Centralized  Traffic  Sys- 
tem 


Below:    Peter    Friedrich 
Traffic    System    in    Rib- 
bon   Development 


i4-«^Mi-^-M-^>B±-N-^>-« 


I    I    I    I    I    I   I 

I  If  I 


I    I    I    I    I    I 


I    I    I    I    I    I    ■ 


I     I    Ti   I     I     I     I 


.i-.  wrrr  ninnliin-  ill  tin-  cfiitric  nv 
ti  111.  In  till-  i.ittir  system  tlie  nun 
lirr  i>f  tr;iins  would  naturally  ii 
cri.iM  tiiward  the  center,  due  to  th 
(i\<rl.i|)|)iii!i-  of  the  various  zones  c 
iiiHuiiiec  as  the  eenter  is  reaeheil 
in  till-  rihlxiii  system,  on  the  eor 
trar\.  the  iiuinlier  of  trains  rcmait 
ill  all  parts  the  same  except  on  th 
lentir  line  wiiere  all  trains  nice 
The  aeeessihility  to  means  of  con 
muiiieation  is  practically  cqu; 
throimhout  tiie  whole  area.  The  sii| 
periority  of  the  rihhon  developmep 
as  far  as  transportation  is  eoiieerne( 
is   evident. 

The  question  arises  whether  tram 
))ortatioii  should  he  regarded  as  tJl' 
main  prohlem  of  city  planninji.  c 
whether  it  mijiht  not  be  possible  t 
eliminate  mech.mized  local  transpO! 
t.ition  altogether  through  tlu'  estal 
lishment  of  a  rational  relationshi 
hetwien  tile  various  elements  const 
tilting  an  urban  settlement,  .hist  £ 
medicine  in  its  recognition  of  tb 
dangers  of  s])ecialization  tells  i 
that  there  is  no  disease,  only  th 
diseased,  there  are  also  special  pro! 
lems  in  city  i)laiining.  In  city  plai 
ning  it  is  also  of  the  greatest  in 
imrt.inee  that  sjiecial  problems 
be  solved  individually,  but  onl; 
relation  to  tile  whole.  Onlv  then 
tin-   c'itv    reeo\rr. 

II 

K<sidential  sections,  industrial  diM 
triets.  recreation  areas,  and  means  c, 
transjmrtation  are  the  basic  el< 
ments  on  wliii'h  a  structural  tow 
must  be  organized.  The  funetiom 
adaptation  of  tiles.'  various  element 
and  their  suitalile  relationship  cor 
stitute  the  real  t.isl^  of  <-ity  plai 
ning.  In  m-der  to  protect  tlie  res 
dential  section  from  the  smoke.  s0( 
and  fumes  of  the  industrial  zone,  th 
relationship  of  these  two  areas  t 
on.  another  must  be  determined  b 
the  prt  vailing  winds.  These  wind 
distribut.-  the  fimu's  .nul  soot  in  tli 
lee  of  the  industrial  zone,  thus  dt 
termiiiing  what  may  be  called 
"wind  siiadow.'  The  residential  zoii 
must  b.-  entirely  outside  this  "win 
sli.ulow."  .Vs  the  type  and  distrihi 
lion  of  the  [irevailing  winds  chang. 
ditVerent  forms  and  locations  of  th 
residential  and  industrial  zones  wit 
relation  to  on.-  another  will  resul 
How.\ir.  tluy  must  always  be  s 
placed  tliat  tlie  industrial  zone  lit 
in  the  wind  sh.idow.  while  the  res 
dential    zone   is   undisturbed   bv    it. 

The  four  diagr.ims  siiow  the  infli 
ence  of  tyjjical.  iirevailing  wind  foi 
mations  on  the  grouping  of  basic  eit 
units  and  illustrate  what  great  in 
portance  wind  conditi.nis  hold  fc 
titv  ))lanniiig.  H.ferriiig  to  the  dii 
grains    we   sc    th.it : 


□  CD  □ 


A 


The   Ribbon  System  and    Its  Developmenf 
Upper    Right   Corner:    Scheme   of    Dividing 


When  the  prevailing'  winds  blow 
from  one  direction  only,  there  re- 
sults a  simple  ribbon  form  of  set- 
tlement in  which  the  industrial 
zone  lies  in  the  wind  shadow,  in 
the  lee  of  the  residential  zone. 
The  distance  to  the  next  settle- 
ment ribbon  will  depend  upon  the 
area  necessary  for  the  absorption 
of  the  industrial  smoke  and 
fumes  which  in  turn  will  vary 
with  the  type  of  industry  and 
the  kind  of  fuel  used. 
When  the  winds  blow  in  two  di- 
rectly opposite  directions  which 
have  wind  shadows  of  equal  area 
and  shape,  the  result  is  also  a 
ribbon  settlement  form.  However. 
the  two  most  important  elements 
— residential  and  industrial  areas 
— are  no  longer  themselves  rib- 
bon-like, but  rather  become 
squares  placed  j)oint  to  point 
with  their  diagonals  forming  an 
unbroken  straight  line.  As  '>u 
case  one,  the  next  settlement  rib- 
bon can  run  parallel  at  an  ade- 
quate   distance. 

When  the  jirevailing  winds  blow 
from  two  different  directions,  and 
one  wind  shadow  dominates  tlie 
other,  the  result  is  also  a  rib- 
bon settlement  form :  only  here 
the  squares  placed  point  to  point 
in  case  two  become  triangles 
lying  with  their  apexes  opposite 
one   another   as    the    form   for   the 


industrial  and  residential  areas. 
Here  again,  as  in  the  preceding 
cases,  the  adjacent  settlement  rib- 
bon can  run  parallel. 
1.  In  the  cases  cited  above  the  pre- 
vailing winds  were  so  distributed 
on  the  wind  chart  that  the  total 
wind  shadow  never  exceeded  half 
of  the  area  of  the  circle.  How- 
ever, should  tliis  be  exceeded,  the 
residential  and  industrial  areas 
would  form  squares  lying  opposite 
one  another,  but  now  parallel 
and  directly  opposite  ribbon-like 
settlements  become  impossible.  A 
wind  shadow  of  such  proportions 
permits  only  a  point  formed  ar- 
rangement of  the  single  settle- 
ments which  must  be  built  inde- 
pendently of  one  another.  The 
spacing  of  these  single  settlement 
points  is,  as  in  the  other  eases. 
dependent  upon  the  size  of  the 
absorption  area.  Only  in  this 
case  the  area  is  not.  as  in  the 
first  three,  one  or  two  sided,  but 
to  a  certain  extent  all  sided.  The 
arrangement  of  several  such  set- 
tlements in  this  case  results  in  a 
ribbon  formation,  but  one  where 
this  formation  is  not  continuous  as 
in  the  other  ex.im))les. 
To  simplify  the  ))r(>lil(in  of  tlu- 
))roi)er  relation  between  industrial 
and  residential  areas,  the  simplest 
form,  case  one,  where  the  prevailing, 
winds    blow    from    but    one   side,   will 


be  taken  as  the  basis  of  further  dis- 
cussion, though  any  other  case  can 
just  as  well  be  taken,  since,  in  prin- 
ciple,  the   same    conditions   hold  true. 

\\'here  the  ribbon  system  is  taken 
as  a  basis,  a  structure  which  clearly 
separates  the  different  areas  of  a  set- 
tlement is  obtained.  If  these  differ- 
ent elements  are  laid  out  schematic- 
ally it  is  logical  that  the  strip 
dedicated  to  transportation  should  be 
situated  in  the  middle.  On  the  lee- 
ward side  would  be  situated  the  in- 
dustrial zone,  bordered  on  the  out- 
side bv  an  agricultural  area.  On  the 
other  side  of  the  transportation  strip 
there  first  would  come  a  green  belt, 
followed  by  the  administration  and 
business  zone:  beyond  this  the  resi- 
dential zone.  Then  this,  in  its  turn, 
would  be  followed  by  a  park  area 
in  which  ar<-  located  the  community 
buildings  and  kitchen  gardens.  The 
park  area  leads  to  the  agricultural 
area  just  beyond.  This  agrieultur.il 
area  could  eornieet  with  the  .igrienl- 
tural  are.i  of  the  luxt  parallel  rib- 
bon   settlement. 

The  eentr.-il  tr.msport.ition  lane  or 
stri]>  woiihl  be  the  .axis  of  the  set- 
tlement. It  would  be  I'onstituteil  of 
r.-iilway  trai'ks  .and  the  m.ain  auto- 
mobile speedway,  and  perhaps  of  a 
w.iterway.  The  ty|)e  of  trans|iort.i- 
tion  facilities  varies  with  the  type  of 
industries  and  according  to  the  size 
.and    location    of    the    settlement,    and 


will  dittVr  ^rcitlv  .■..•.■urclin::  to  tlu- 
(•li.-ir.-u-ti-ristics  piculi.ir  to  c-uli  sittlt- 
iiuiit.  Comlitioiis  of  iirodtutioii  will 
.litVcr  .•icroriliiiji'  to  thr  nature  .iiul 
size  of  the  itidiistrii^.  and  will  tliirt- 
forc  dtvtdop  in  i-oiiiifction  with  their 
peculiar  requireiiieiits.  (lerhaps  nio<li- 
fied  to  some  t-xtent  liy  military  and 
d.feiiM-    factors. 

Tlie  residential  area  is  above  all 
de|iendent  for  its  si/.e  upon  the  innn 
IxT  of  employees  needed  by  the  in 
dustries.  The  basic  demand,  which 
limits  the  boundaries  of  the  resi- 
dential zone,  is  dependent  on  the 
acccl)table  walking  distance  of  the 
j)edcstriaiis.  so  that  each  (lerson  c.iii 
walk  from  his  home  to  his  ))lacc  of 
work.  Therefore  inner  means  ot 
transport.ition  for  persons  to  and 
from  work  would  be  unnccess.ary. 
Oidv  in  residential  zones  of  a  com- 
paratively thin  population  will  it  be 
expedient  to  connect  kitchen  gardens 
with  tile  iiouses.  Normallv.  kitchen 
g.ardens  will  be  located  iu  a  se|)ar;ite 
<)|)en  zone,  while  only  :i  sm.ill  ijar- 
den  will  be  directly  connected  with 
tile  Iiouse.  In  this  way  tile  lenijth 
of  streets  and  conduits  f(n-  water. 
p;as,  etc.  will  be  kept  to  a  minimum, 
and  tile  cost  of  settliuii  an  area  can 
lie     reduced     t'onsiderably. 

'I'he  administr.atiiui  and  business 
zone  will  eont.ain  all  the  stati-  and 
municipal  huildiuii's.  all  ofJicc  huild- 
inus.  dci)artnient  stores,  retail  stores, 
liotils  ,and  garages.  Tiie  [lark  and 
recreation  area  unites  all  free  areas. 
In  it  .ire  located  communitv  iniild- 
injis.  sciioois  and  playnrounds.  The 
residential  zone  will  he  situ.ited 
witiiin  tiiese  o])en  areas  and  bei-ome 
a  p.art  of  tiieui.  Also,  the  kitchi  ii 
siardens  will  lie  situated  within 
these  o|)en  areas.  The  resulting  pro- 
dllctixe  green  sjiaii'  not  only  in- 
creases the  recreation  are.a.  hilt  .also 
consider.alily  reduces  tlie  cost  of  its 
maintenance. 

■i'he  width  of  the  agricultural  .area 
will  dejxnd  upon  two  things;  first. 
the  o])en  space  necessary  for  the 
alisorption  of  tlie  smoke  and  fumes 
of  tile  adjoining  industri.il  ribbon. 
This  of  course  will  v.irv  from  one 
instance  to  another.  .'Secondly,  it 
will  dcjiend  upon  the  popul.ition  of 
tii<-  s.ttiement  which  it  has  to  sup|ily. 
Norniaily  the  .ana  loe.itiil  between 
two  settlements  would  be  sufficient  to 
fe.-d  the  whole  popul.ition.  In  tilt- 
case  of  densely  settled  indiistri.il 
ari-.as  additional  .agrieultur.il  .ire.is 
not  ill  imnu-diate  coniuction  with  the 
settlement  will  be  necess.irv.  'i'ln 
s.aim-  will  be  true  .at  points  of  (cutr.il 
.and  regioii.al  eoiieeiitr.itioii  other 
th.iii  in  the  industri.il  .ire.i.  i'oiiits 
of  ecnerntr.ition  due  to  loe.il  condi- 
tions   will    h.ive    to    receive    their    food 


II 


V* 


! 


Wind  Diagrams   I    and  2 

supply    from    other    .agriculture    .ire.is.  b.isis   but    also   with    the    safety    of   tl 

'I'lie    ty]ie    of    industry    .and    its    possi-  resideiiti.al    .area. 

bilities    of    expansion    will    determine  Tiie     residenti.il     zone     will     be     di 

till    extent  to  wliieii  expansion   of  tiic  vided     into     specific     units.       In     tli 

n  sidenti.al     zone     will     iie     neca-ssarv.  sciieme   presented    here,    the    an.a    ha 

These      exp.ansions.     iiowiver.      sliouid  lieeii     divided     into     four     units.     K.ac 

develop   in  tlii-  diriition   of  tile   tr.iiis-  unit     lias     those     community     institu 

port.ition    strip.      In    this    w.ay.    .a    loLi  tioiis   which  .are  meess.ary   for  .a   sinul 

ie.al      exp.ansioii     can     be     eoneurreiit  ly  unit.      Two    units    togc  tlur    li.a\e    tlios 

lu.idi-      throughout      .ill      the      .adj.ictut  institutiinis    which     .arc    possible     mil 

.ari.is    of    .a    sitthiiieiil .     .\ii    e\|i.iiision  for    two     units,    while    ail     four     unit 

in   depth    r.ather   th.in   along  the   tr.ans  together    will     liave    those    (amimunit 

port.ition     strip     would     n.itur.ally     re-  institutions  and   sir\  iias  tli.it   can  bes 

(piire    .iddition.al     means     of    tr.iiispor-  lie  maintained   by   all    four  as  .a   groii| 

t.ation     within     the     units     wiiieli     wiiulii  'I'he    institutimis    of    tlie    business    .an 

<anifliet     n.it     oiilv    with     the     eeonomic  .aiiniinistr.ative       zonis       can       be      di^ 


8 


^ 


^ 


^ 


i 

I 

\.        1 

r      ■ 

1 

V 

Wind    Diagrams   3   and   4 


trihutcd  in  the  sauH-  «.iv.  'I'lu-  risi- 
idity  of  the  schenif  will  he  hrcikeii 
not  only  hy  tilt-  division  uf  the  set- 
tlement in  units,  luit  .-ilso  hy  the 
partieular  condition  of  the  soil,  for- 
estry, and  the  like.  This  makes  the 
settlement  part  of  tile  landseape  and 
creates  an  organic  relation  hetween 
the  landscape  and  the  citv. 
Ill 
The  determination  of  the  size  of 
a  unit  within  the  residential  area 
will  dejiend  mainlj-  on  the  total  in- 
hahitants.  the  density  of  population, 
and  the  type  of  huildings.  The  most 
im])ortant    consideration,    however,    is 


the  dejith  of  these  units.  It  should 
he  possihle  for  every  resident  to 
walk  to  .and  from  his  jilaee  of  work. 
The  de[)fli  of  the  nsidential  area 
therefore  should  not  exceed  more 
than  a  walkinir  period  of  1.5  to  Jd 
minutes.  The  necessary  limitation  of 
traffic  within  the  residential  zone 
and  the  functional  organization  of 
the  street  system  leads  to  differen- 
tiation of  traffic  routes:  from  the 
residential  streets  intended  oh/v  for 
l)edestrians,  to  m.ain  speedways  onli/ 
for    automohiles. 

\\'e     will     h.ive.    for    example,    first 
residenti.il     lanes;     secondly,     residen- 


ti.il  streets  into  which  the  residen- 
tial lanes  lead;  thirdly,  residential 
traffic  streets  into  which  the  resi- 
dential streets  lead;  and  finally,  the 
traffic  highway  fed  by  the  residen- 
tial traffic  streets  which  eventually, 
at  convenient  junctures,  flow  into  the 
m.ain  speedway.  In  order  to  pre- 
vent through-traffic  in  the  residen- 
tial zone,  it  is  necessary  to  create 
dead-ends  streets  as  it  was  first  sug- 
gested by  Raymond  Lnwin,  and  la- 
ter hy  Henry  Wright.  In  this  way 
We  t'an  insure  that  only  absolutely 
essential  traffic,  such  as  delivery  cars, 
ambulances  and  tire  engines,  will  en- 
ter residential  zones.  The  length  of 
the  residential  lanes  depends  upon 
the  equipment  of  the  fire  brigades. 
Exj)erience  has  shown  that  such 
equipment  can  be  extended  from 
17.5-200  feet.  Each  unit  of  habita- 
tion is  surrounded  by  park  areas  in 
which  will  be  located  all  schools 
.md  playgrounds.  These  areas  can 
be  reached  without  crossing  a  single 
traffic  street.  Even  if  collective  gar- 
ages are  not  provided  and  each  house 
has  its  own  garage,  the  traffic  sys- 
tem could  be  so  planned  that  each 
child  could  go  to  school  and  to  the 
playgrounds  without  crossing  a  single 
tr.affic    street. 

IV 
Our  pl.-m  is  based  on  ,a  j)0]iul;ition 
ilensity  of  200  persons  to  one  hec- 
tare or  two  and  one-half  acres.  Such 
a  density  allows  a  settlement  with 
free-standing  one-story  houses.  If 
an  I-  shaped  plan  is  used,  the  liv- 
ing-room and  bed-rooms  can  be  laid 
out  around  a  small  but  well  isolated 
garden  court.  The  rooms  can  be 
given  the  best  possible  exposures; 
the  living  room  gets  morning  and 
afternoon  sun,  the  bedrooms  morn- 
ing sun.  These  one-family  houses 
are  jilanned  for  families  with  chil- 
dren. As  the  constitution  of  the 
pojjulatioii  will  vary,  a  ditferent  type 
of  habitation  would  be  better  suited 
than  the  one-family  house  for  fami- 
lies without  children,  or  for  unmar- 
ried persons — that  is  to  say,  the 
.apartment     house.      L  nlike     the     one- 


story 

one-family     houses 

for     family 

homes 

these     should     be 

built     high 

and     ,■ 

t     y:reat      interv.ils 

trom     e.ach 

other. 

.Sue 

1      .a      mixed      type 

of      settle- 

nient 

e.in       .achiexe       fr 

■e.ioni       and 

j.rivat 

V      in      two      ways. 

The      one 

famih 

houses     will     h.ivi 

tluir      en- 

closed 

gardens.      whih- 

tile      .apart- 

nient  houses  will  have  open  views 
over  the  g.arden  areas  in  which  they 
.are  located.  Such  a  variety  of  habi- 
tation .allows  also  for  a  variety  of 
expression,  and  the  different  units 
can  be  spatially  diversitied  and 
sh.aped         with        complete         freedom. 


r/i,.,,.,   .,     f- 


-s 


rnrnnnrmnnr^r-; 


Basic   City   Unit 


10 


Jl  M 


-LlLyLy   uf  ui  ui  m  III  III  Ml  I II  II 


ip^i 


LI  I  I   m 


-|'  ® 


'm 


/^^\  Q  J- ^^  L_r3  ^  L 

_^^^^L_^ 

1    1   1  1    '■■   ;                     ■  1  1    1  r 

vV 

^ 

^ 

~1 

~l\l~^\^^]r'/\rl]'r 

__,  :^  ,' .'  i_' 

h  1  n  !  11 

FT 

I 

hlhlhiM- 

4!     M 

lilllllMI, 

L_| 

L, 

^ 

L 

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U 
L 

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uy ' 

lllKilllNlil,  Vll IIIMlllhi  ■■M'""Ii'':Ml ih: 

vV 

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^ 

L 
3 

Lj 

g 

n 

^ 

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\ 

1 

^ 

- 

T 

4 

^ 

^ 

41 

^ 

a 

' — ;                                         — 

"i 

"^ 

4 

^ 

4 

^ 

a 

Hj 

^ 

^ 

mil 

"l 

^ 

^ 

^ 

^ 
^ 

4 
^ 

\ 

\ 

^ 

"l 

L-l 

4 

J- 

r 

\ 

iiliiliilllllllllllilliliilllllillliliiiliiiiiiiiiiinniiiiiiiiiiinu 

L 

^1 

T 

^ 

S 
T 

^ 

T 

^ 

4 

4 

^1 

4 

^ 

4 

T 

^1 

^ 


a^^^T 


Basic  Cify  Unit  Details:  (a)  Without  Garages,    Public    Garages    Elsewhere;    (b)    With    Group 
Garages;  (c)  With  individual  Garages.  (Note  the  Separate  Street  System  Within  for  Pedestrians) 


, 





i , 



^ J 

. 



1 



, 

. . 

1 

—^-^ 

~r~~ 

....,                ,,      . 

— :, 

' 

T^", 

.■■.,            y,.; 

.'   ■ 



, 

, 

, 

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.' 

, 

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1„_ 

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^^ 

B       Bi 

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^^ 

^^ 

HH         ^^M 

1^1           ^^H 

^^1             ^^1 

^^1 

(a)  Element  of  Settlement  lor  a   Population  of   125,000   Persons 

(b)  Element  of  Settlement   for  a   Population  of  250,000  Persons 
Left   half:   City   Formation   Only  for  Commerce  and   Administration 

Right  half:  City   Formation  for  Commerce,   Administration   and    Industry 


'riiriiiit;li  its  u.-irdriis  .■mil  the  linii- 
t;iticiiis  (lict.-itid  by  jxtltstri.-in  trattif. 
such  a  scttlcnitnt  fuMS  with  the 
landscape,  and,  in  fact,  hcconus  a 
J)art  of  it.  The  city  is  not  only  in 
the  landscaiic.  hut  the  l.indscape 
conies  into  the  city.  The  wider  in- 
tervals between  the  few  multi-storied 
buildings  |)ro(luee  a  visual  sense  of 
sji.acc  within  the  city  without  .-uiv 
ne<'cssary  reduction  of  the  (lensit\ 
of  the  ])o|)ul;itioii. 
\' 

('.-III  this  systim  for  the  ]il.-iuniiiu' 
of  small  cities  be  aj)|)lii(i  to  jireater 
settlements,  let  us  say  of  several 
hundred  thousand  inh.ibit.ints,  or 
even  of  some  millions  of  inhabitants  r 
C.-in  such  .-i  hnue  center  of  metropoli- 
tan conceiitr.ation  be  broken  up,  ])ro- 
vided  witii  sm.all  ii.irdi  iis  and  thus 
be  conni-cted  with  the  laiidsca|)e  r 
.\bove  all.  c.ui  tin-  distance  between 
livinj;  (piarters  .ind  working;  centers 
be  kc|)t  within  tin-  limits  set  by 
pedestrian  traHicr  'I'Ih n.  iir.intt-d  the 
j)ossibility  of  such  .i  di-erntr.-ili/iny- 
schcmi-.  will  th.-  city  still  h.ild  to 
nether   oriranic.illy  "' 

I'p  to  now  the  iiossibility  of  such 
.•I  soluti<m  has  be.n  denied.  15ut  .i 
thorough  resiareh  of  this  important 
pr,,blem      h,-,s      shown      that      the      (h- 


centralization  of  even  the  lavjicst 
metropolitan  .aun'lomer.ations  can  be 
ert'ected.  while  simultaneously  retain- 
iiii;  all  the  advantaucs  which  they  of- 
fcr.  Also,  the  city  can  at  the  same 
time  maintain  .in  organic  unity.  Hut 
to  effect  this  we  must  get  away  from 
the  traditional  conception  of  a  i-ity. 
and  particularly  from  several  of  its 
])eculiar  limit.ations.  The  coming  city 
will  be  based  on  entirely  different  as- 
sumptions. Dccentr.ilization  will  t.ake 
the  jilaei-  of  our  jiresent  concentr.-i- 
tion.  The  city.  ;is  a  v.-ist  ocean  of 
boosts,  will  dis.ii)i)e.ir.  .and  residen- 
ti.il  zones  will  be  embedded  into 
the  landscape  .and  become  ;i  jj.art  of 
it. 

.\lre.iily  the  gelier.al  scheme  of  the 
ribbon  development.  which  allows 
for  additional  city  riiibons,  scpar.ited 
by  .igricultur.il  .areas,  shows  that  this 
plan  may  be  adajjted  for  Larger  set- 
tlements. .\ccording  to  this  scheme 
two  of  the  settlement  elements  c.aii 
b(  (It  v(  loped  simultaneously.  In  or 
der  to  .arrive  .at  some  simple  figures, 
let  Us  .assume  .a  jiopuLation  of  \'l'i. 
000  inh.abit.aiits  for  one.  .and  I'.^O.OOO 
for  the  other  of  these  elements,  both 
with  .1  densitv  of  '.'OO  persons  to  two 
■an.i  one-h.alf'  ..ens.  W,  sh.all  t.ake 
the     ilement     of      l:.'.").000     iiihabit.auts 


,is  a  normal  one.  It  includes  besides 
the  residenti.il  zone  a  business  and 
administr.ation  zone,  an  industrial 
zone,   .and    a    trans])ortation    strip. 

The  other  element  of  ■.'.50,000  in 
h.abitants  is  intended  for  city  forma 
tions  ill  which  trade  and  administra 
tion    are   of   predominant    importance 

This  element  is  further  divided  in 
two  parts,  each  showing  different 
liossibilitics.  The  part  to  the  left  o 
luir  divided  ilement  shows  .an  .ar 
r.angenuiit  of  a  city  without  industry 

Therefori-     it      is      possible     to     have 
residenti.il     zones     on     both     sides     of 
the    tr.ifhe   strip,    joined    by    the   zones 
of  commcria'  and  administr.ation.   The 
p.art    to   the   right    shows    .an    arran 
nieut    of   .1    city,  also   with    residenti.il 
zones     on     both     sides     of     the     tr.iffii 
strip.    l?ut  on  one  side  the  residciitia 
zone    is     joined   by    a    zone    for    com 
inercc     and     .administration,     and     m 
the   other  side  the   residential   zone    i 
joined    by    .an     industri.al     zime.     Tin 
industrial    zone   is    situ.ated   on    the    snl 
of    the   wind    shadow. 

The  (hptlis  of  the  residential  zone: 
of  both  settlemint  elements  do  no 
e\ce<al  the  limits  of  pedestrian  traf 
lie.  .anil  iiii-.aiis  of  hu'.al  transiiorta 
tion  would  therefore  not  be  neces 
s.arv.       K.acb     resident     of     .any     largi 


12 


city  may  walk  from  his  home  to  Iiis 
place  of  work.  Both  of  these  settle- 
ment elements  are  divided  into  units. 
each  surrounded  by  ,gardens,  parks 
and  recreation  areas  that  will  con- 
nect them  with   the  landscape. 

Just  as  these  elements  will  vary 
considerably  aecording  to  their  dif- 
ferent functions,  so  tlie  cities,  com- 
posed of  these  elements,  will  like- 
wise vary  greatly.  Size,  area,  the 
particular  function — industrial,  com- 
mercial, administrativt — the  compo- 
sition of  the  ])oj)ulation,  geologic  and 
topograpliic  factors  will  determine 
the  manifold  ])0ssibilities  of  the  com- 
bination. In  order  to  give  a  con 
Crete  idea  of  the  area  needed  for 
such  a  dispersed  settlement  with  ,i 
population  of  four  million  inhabitants, 
a  eonibin.-ition  of  elements  has  been 
spread  over  the  area  of  a  tvjiieal 
contemjiorary  metrojiolis  with  the 
same  poiiulation  and  an  aria  of  200,- 
000  acres.  One-seventh  of  this  city 
area  is  covered  with  buildings  and 
streets  at  an  average  jiopulation 
density  of  .'!()()  persons  pir  two  and 
one-half    acres. 

As  our  plan  is  based  on  popula- 
tion density  of  200  persons  per  two 
and  one-half  acres,  the  area  covered 
with  buildings  to  house  all  iidiabi- 
tants  must  increase  to  one-tiftli  of 
the  whole  .•ire.i.  In  our  |>Ian  tin-  one 
family  house  forms  the  b;isis  of 
our  apjjro.acli.  The  city.  ci)ini)ose 
of  our  units,  wliieh  .irt-  surrounde 
by  parks,  becomes  a  g;irden  city. 
Therefore,  the  higli  blocks  typical  of 
Qiost  of  our  large  cities  will  dis- 
appear. The  distance  between  ele- 
ments with  industrial  areas,  as  we 
have  said,  is  dictated  by  tlie  dis- 
tance necessary  for  the  absorjition 
)f  smoke  and  noxious  fumes.  All 
jther  space  is  left  free  to  tlie  judg- 
ment of  the  planner.  However,  such 
space     should     be     given     to     g.ardens 


Combina+lon  of  Elements  for  a  City  of  4,000,000  People 

and     greni    ,-,reas     for    the     se)),-iration  It    sliould    not    he    necessary    to    ex- 

of    the     v.irious     ,l,in(iits     from     eaeii  plain     that     the     suggested     combina- 

"""'"•  tions    of    elements    constitute    neither 

It     will     be    i)ossililt-    to    cover    the  definite     city     plans     nor    suggestions 

distance      from      living      quarters      to  toward    standardization;    rather    they 

working  center  by   foot.     The   various  ;ive    abstractions,    for    absolute    cities 

elements    will    In-   iMuinected   by   inter-  do    not    exist.     Cities    are    indi\iduals. 

urban     rail      and      .Mutomobilc      routes  Their    physiognomy    dei^ends    on    the 

which     constitute     th,-     links     between  character  "of    the    landscape,    on    their 

1       the     elements     and     tlius     ecmneet     the  inhabitants     .and     on     their     funeti 


1        whoh 


.•itv. 


For   long  distance   trathe.       within    tile    nation's    litV.      Therefore, 


railroads  and  main  speedways  will 
he  |M-ovided.  F.xp.insion  of  the  eitv 
in  .any  diret'tion  will  be  possible  bv 
the  .-iddition  of  new  elements.  If  .-inv 
j>erson  does  not  desire  to  lixe  ne.ar 
his  |il,aee  of  work,  he  will  have  the 
possiliility    of    li\ing    somewhere    el 


these  elements  which  we  have  de- 
scribed and  their  manifold  possibili- 
ties of  combination  are  onlv  tlieo- 
retie.il.  In  order  to  find  rules,  it  is 
neeess.ary  to  set  out  on  an  .abstract 
li.-isis.  In  aetu.al  iil.-inning.  these  rules 
will,    however,    .ilw.ivs    lie    modified    bv 


In    this    case    he    would    have    to    use  the      factors     of     reality,     since     i-ity 

certain    means    of    transportation,    as  planning   is   not    .in   .abstract   task   but 

he   must  today,   but   under    much    bet-  the      fuifillment     of     needs     and     the 

ter    eonditicnis.  re.-.lization    of  aims. 


Reconstruction   of   An    Industrial    City 


13 


SOURCES  OF  ENERGY— PAST,  PRESENT 

AND  FUTURE 


By 


BARNETT    F.    DODGE 


ENERGY    AND    MODERN 
CIVILIZATION 

Our  civilization  (iittVrs  from  all 
tliost-  in  tlif  jjast  in  its  {ii.-))t.-n(li-nce 
upon  a  large  supply  of  t-nfrjiy  from 
inanimate  sourci-s.  In  place  of  the 
privileged  few  in  ancient  civilization 
who  had  human  slaves  to  do  their 
liidding,  each  one  of  us  today  has  at 
his  disposal  the  equivalent  of  many 
slaves  in  the  form  of  electrical  or 
mechanical  energv'.  Whether  we  use 
this  gift  wisely  or  not  is  a  question 
entirely  outside  the  scope  of  the  pres- 
ent discussion.  We  shall  assume  that 
the  survival  of  our  present  mode  of 
life  is  ahsolutely  dependent  on  a 
ciuitinued  flow  of  energy  in  suhstan- 
tially   undiminished   amount. 

This  dependence  on  energy  started 
about  1700  with  the  development  of 
the  steam  engine  for  mine  pumping 
in  England,  and  has  risen  at  an  ever 
increasing  pace.  At  the  present  time 
it  is  estimated  that  in  the  United 
States  alone  the  annual  use  of  en 
ergy  is  of  the  order  of  2x10"'  British 
thermal  units  or  about  ten  thousand 
billion  kilowatt  hours.  This  includes 
not  only  energy  in  the  form  of  me- 
chanical or  electrical  work,  but  also 
that  used  for  heating  and  that  dis- 
si])ated  as  heat  in  converting  one 
form  of  energy  to  another.  Only 
al)out  four  to  five  percent  of  this 
total  is  \ised  to  do  work.  In  19:if). 
the  installed  eajjacity  for  developing 
])ower  in  this  country  was  about 
I,_':J0,0()0.000  horse  |)Ower  distrib- 
uted  a])proximately    as    follows : 


Motor  vehicles  of  all   kinds  ...  78.. 5^^ 

Locomotives     7.1 

.Vgricultural    prime    movers...    .5.9 

Klectrie    central     stations 3.7 

Marine      2A 

Industrial     power     plants 1.6 

Miscellaneous     0.8 

The  actual  energy  output  in  the 
form  of  work  w.-is  about  one  hun- 
dred eighty  billion  kilowatt  hours  of 
which  one-half  was  supplied  by  the 
major  electric  utilities  and  the  other 
half  came   from   motor   vehicles. 

To  develop  all  this  power  we  de- 
pend almost  entirely  upon  fuels  and 
falling  water.  In  1930,  it  is  esti- 
mated that  forty-three  million  tons 
of  coal,  and  another  eight  million 
equivalent  in  the  form  of  petroleum 
jiroducts  and  natural  gas,  were  con- 
sumed by  our  electric  central  sta- 
tions. In  1936,  about  twenty  billion 
g.-illons  of  gasoline  were  consumed 
hv  the  motor  vehii-les  of  this  coun- 
trv.  How  long  can  we  continue  to 
(ir.iw  on  our  known  sources  of  su]) 
ply  at  this  rate,  and  what  other 
sources  of  energy  might  be  developed 
if  these  begin  to  fail?  These  are 
the  two  main  questions  that  are  to 
be  discussed  in  this  p.iper.  But  be- 
fore we  tackle  tluiii.  let  us  refresh 
our  memories  on  some  of  the  ehineii 
t.-iry    facts   about   energy. 

I  INDAMENTAL.S    OF    KNKIU.V 

We  do  not  find  energy  stored  in  a 
form  that  is  immediately  available 
for  use,  and  as  a  result  it  must  be 
transformed.     A    typical    transforma- 


tion chain  would  be  somewhat  as 
follows :  chemical  energy  in  fuel  .  .  . 
heat  energj-  in  flue  gas  .  .  .  heat 
energj'  in  steam  .  .  .  mechanical 
energy  of  rotating  turbine  wheel 
.  ,  .  electrical  energy  .  .  .  useful 
application  .  .  .  heat  in  the  surround- 
ings. If  we  trace  back  the  begin- 
ning of  this  chain  to  find  out  how 
the  chemical  energy-  got  locked  up 
in  the  fuel,  we  arrive  at  the  sun  as 
the  idtimate  source  of  all  our  en- 
ergy. What  is  the  source  of  the 
apparently  inexhaustible  supply  of 
energj-  of  the  suii  is  a  question  that 
we  will  not  enter  upon.  Whereas 
the  chain  of  transformations  outlined 
above  occurs  within  a  short  time  in- 
terval, there  is  a  very  large  gaj)  in  ' 
time,  many  millions  of  years,  in  fact, 
between  the  time  when  the  radiant  ' 
energy-  left  the  sun  and  the  time 
when  the  fuel  is  taken  out  of  the 
ground  and  burned  under  a  boiler. 
The  chemical  energy  in  fuels  has 
been  aptly  referred  to  as  "fossilized 
sunlight." 

The  straight-line  series  indicated  in 
the  above  sequence  does  not  of  course 
mean  that  each  form  of  energj-  is 
i-hanged  one  hundred  percent  into 
the  next  form  in  the  series.  Ac- 
cordiniT  to  the  law  of  conservation 
of  energv,  no  energy  is  ever  lost, 
but  there  may  be  side  streams  di- 
verting considerable  amounts  of  en- 
t  rgy  from  the  straight-line  flow.  Eor 
example,  in  the  transformation  from 
heat  energy  to  meclianical  energv, 
.ibout    seventy-five   percent   of  the  en- 


14 


ergy  is  "lost  as  heat  to  the  surround- 
ings," or  in  other  words  the  efficiencv 
of  the  straight-line  change  is  about 
twenty-five  percent.  The  efficiency  of 
transforming  electrical  energy  to  ra- 
diant energy  in  the  form  of  light 
(assuming  this  to  be  the  useful  ap- 
plication) is  only  a  few  percent,  and 
there  again  the  remainder  is  dissi- 
pated as  heat  energj-  in  the  sur- 
roundings. In  fact,  we  may  say  the 
only  reason  why  each  one  of  the 
steps  in  the  chain  is  not  one  hun- 
dred percent  efficient  is  that  a  cer- 
tain amount  of  the  energy-  is  always 
stored  as  heat  energj-  in  the  sur- 
roundings. This  is  partly  due  to 
imperfections  in  the  mechanisms  we 
employ,  but  also  it  is  a  consequence 
of  a  fundamental  property  of  mat- 
ter and  energy  which  may  be  summed 
up  in  the  statement  that"  it  is  im- 
possible to  transform  heat  energj-  to 
any  other  form  unless  a  temperature 
difference  is  available.  As  a  corol- 
lary to  this  it  may  be  stated  that 
the  availability  of  heat  energj',  or 
the  extent  to  which  it  can  be  trans- 
formed to  a  form  of  energy  capable 
of  doing  work  (i.  e.,  acting  against 
external  forces),  depends  on  the  tem- 
perature difference.  These  simple 
facts  are  the  essence  of  the  Second 
Law  of  Thermodynamics,  which,  like 
all  hard,  general  principles,  is  verv 
simple  to  state  but  often  very  dif- 
ficult to  recognize  in  application. 
i  The  ultimate  result  of  all  energy 
transformations  is  the  storage  of  all 
of  the  original  energj-  as  heat  in  the 
surroundings.  Since  this  cannot  be 
converted  into  any  other  form  of 
energy,  the  transformation  chain  may 
be  said  to  be  irreversible.  Even 
though  the  energy  is  there  undimin- 
ished in  amount,  it  is  forever  lost  to 
JJS  as  far  as  any  useful  application 
is  concerned.  Its  availability  is  zero; 
[that  is,  until  some  future  scientist  or 
i;ngineer  discovers  a  way  of  getting 
iroujid  the  Second  Law,  or  what 
imounts  to  the  same  thing,  of  deal- 
ing with  the  molecules  of  substances 
IS  individuals  instead  of  dealing 
vith    a    crowd. 

Another  significant  fact  about  en- 
Tgy  is  that  work  and  heat  (which 
re  best  regarded  as  energy  in  the 
)rocess  of  being  transferred  from 
me  storage  system  to  another)  are 
he  products  of  two  factors — an  in- 
ensity  factor  and  a  eajjacity  factor, 
[f  the  intensity  factor  is  high,  the 
lapacity  factor  can  be  low  for  a 
pven  amount  of  energy  transferred 
ind    vice    versa.     Thus    in    the    trans- 

iaission  of  electrical  energy  one  can 
eep  the  quantity  of  electricity  low 
nd  thereby  save  in  cost  of  copper 
or  transmission  lines  iiv  using  a 
ery    high    voltage.     Tiiis    concept    is 


particularly  useful  in  considering  heat 
energy  where  the  intensity  factor  is 
the   temperature. 

Until  1900  we  regarded  tiie  law  of 
the  conservation  of  energy  as  sacred 
and  one  of  those  very  rare  things  in 
nature — a  law  with  absolutely  no  ex- 
ceptions. Any  one  who  ventured  the 
slightest  hint  that  there  might  be  ex- 
ceptions would  have  been  immediately 
ostracized  from  the  society  of  reput- 
able scientists  and  engineers.  Wc 
now  know  that,  whereas  the  law  does 
hold  exactly  in  all  the  ordinary  con- 
cerns of  life,  there  is  one  place  where 
it  is  not  sacred  and  that  is  within  the 
atomic  nucleus.  Recent  developments 
in  the  study  of  the  nuclei  of  atoms 
indicate  that  in  the  future  this  fact 
may  become  of  paramount  importance, 
even  in  practical  affairs.  As  a  matter 
of  fact,  it  has  always  been  of  tre- 
mendous importance  to  man,  but  he 
did  not  realize  it  and  could  not  have 
done  anything  about  it  if  he  had.  I 
refer  to  the  fact  that  the  ultimate 
source  of  all  our  energy  is  thought 
to  be  the  conversion  into  radiant 
energy  of  the  matter  of  which  the  sun 
is  composed — a  clear  case  of  viola- 
tion not  only  of  the  law  of  conserva- 
tion of  energy  but  of  the  conservation 
of  matter  as  well. 

It  is  now  well  established  as  a  eon- 
sequence  of  the  theory  of  relativity 
that  mass  and  energy-,  instead  of  be- 
ing conserved,  are  actually  intercon- 
vertible, the  quantitative  relationshi)i 
beino-  expressed   by   the   equation: 

E  =  M  C- 
where  E  ^  energy,  M  ^  mass  and  C 
is  the  velocity  of  light.  Since  C  is  a 
very  large  number  (.3x10^"  cm.  ])er 
sec),  it  can  be  seen  that  a  small 
amount  of  matter  can  be  transformed 
into  a  very  large  amount  of  energy. 
To  be  more  specific,  the  destruction  of 
one  pound  of  matter  would  yield  a 
little  over  eleven  billion  kilowatt  hours 
of  energy  or  something  better  than 
one-tenth  of  the  total  energy  output  of 
central  power  plants  of  the  L'nited 
States  per  year. 

THE  stor.V(;k,  of  KNHRGV 

^^"lu•n^•\■er  tile  supply  of  energy 
from  .-1  given  sourci-.  en-  tile  demand 
for  energy,  is  \-.n'i.ili]r  or  intermit- 
tent, it  is  desir.-ilih'  anil  Mimetimes 
essential  to  l)rovide  some  means  of 
stor.ige.  For  example,  the  motor  car 
lu'eds  iiiergy  for  st.irting;  the  sub- 
iii.iriiir  uses  stored  riirrgy  when  run- 
ning siibiiierged :  clcctrie  generating 
eomjianies  have  "off-peak"  ])ower  avail- 
.ible;  steam  boilers  produce  steam 
greatly  in  excess  of  the  demand  at 
lertain  times,  .and  so  on.  This  prob- 
lem of  energy  stor.-igr  is  .i  \ery  im- 
portant one  ami  one  for  wliieii  we  have 
not    vet   evolved   .inv    \irv   s.itisfactorv 


solution.  We  have  no  means  of  stor- 
ing energy-  which  even  approaches  the 
concentration  of  energy  that  exists  in 
.1  fuel  like  coal  or  a  petroleum  prod- 
uct. In  the  following  table  is  given 
a  rough  order-of-magnitude  eom])ari- 
son  of  the  concentration  of  available 
energj'  on  a  volumetric  basis : 
Energy  Concentration  in  Watt  Hours 

Si/stem.  Per  cu.  ft.* 

Gasoline    9.5,000 

Hydrogen  compressed  to 

200   atmospheres    (5.000 

F'dectric    storage    battery....    1.200 

U'ater  at  212'    F 290 

.Steam   accumulator    200 

Water  at   100  ft.  head 2.. '5 

The  use  of  electrical  energy  to  de- 
compose water  under  pressure  with 
storage  of  the  hydrogen  is  the  only 
{jraetieable  means  that  we  have  at  the 
present  time  for  storage  in  the  form 
of  chemical  energy  in  a  fuel.  This 
method,  however,  has  found  very  lim- 
ited application.  The  other  storage 
methods,  namely,  as  hot  water,  as 
water  in  an  elevated  reservoir,  and 
as  chemical  energy  in  a  storage  bat- 
tery, find  considerable  application  but 
leave  much  to  be  desired  from  tin- 
standpoint  of  concentration,  and  for 
that  reason  are  not  suitable  for  stor- 
age of  large   amounts   of  enersv. 

REVIEW  OF  ACTUAL  AND  PO 

TEXTIAL  SOURCES 

OF  ENERGY 

The  various  sourci's  from  which  we 
may  derive  energy  for  useful  applica- 
tion as  heat  or  work  ni;iy  be  el.-issified 
,-is    follows: 

(1)  Muscul;ir    eiiirgy    of    iii.iii    anil 
animals 

(2)  Winds 

(.■))    Heat  of  e.irth's   interior 

(I)    Temjierature  dirt'erenees  in  the 
ocean 

(•))    Solar  radiation 

(())    Waves   and   tides 

(7)    Falling  water 

(cS)    Chemical   energy   of   fuels 

(9)  Atomic  i-iurgy 
We  may  dismiss  (  1  I  from  consider- 
.ition  because  we  .are  interested  only 
in  inanimate  sources.  The  next  two 
sources  c-in  be  passed  over  with  a 
brief  mention,  as  iiritlirr  niu-  is  im- 
portant .-it  the  present  time  or  seems 
to  offer  any  great  possibility  for  the 
future.  Power  from  winds  is,  of 
course,  quite  extensiveh-  employed  for 
pumi)ing  water  in  many  small  units, 
notably    on    farms    and    in    Holland. 

•Mccli.-inic.ll  polcnti.-il  cncvBy  ilui-  to  lii-.-itl  "f 
u:iter  .-ind  electrical  energy  from  stor.-ige  battery 
were  assumed  one  hundred  percent  availahU-. 
t'heniical  energy  in  fuels  assumed  'j  available. 
In  case  of  stored  heat,  the  theoretical  availability 
I  according  to  second  Iaw>  above  "0*  F.  was 
.-issumcd.  The  figure  for  the  .steam  accumulator 
was  ba.scd  on  an  actual  steam  storage  and  the 
theoretical   avail.-ibility. 


15 


ALFRED  S.  ALSCHULER 


Oti  Noviiiilxr  f!.  lilKl,  diatli  (■.•uiii- 
til  Arniour's  most  rtspcctrd  .■ihiinnus. 
Alfr.d  S.  Alscluil.r.  Our  ii.itioti.illv 
laincius  •■iri'liitrct  w.is  a  urailu.-itr  (if 
till'  class  „{  1S!I!1.  and  in  \'.n)i  was 
awardr,)  tlir  iHinorarv  d.-rrr  ,.l 
Master  .il  Scinicr  liy  Ariiinur  Insti 
tuti.  Ill  is  survived  liv  Mrs.  Al 
seliuler.  tlirie  sdUs,  and  twii  dauiiliters. 

l''r(iui  tile  year  (if  liis  tjradiiat  i(in 
from  the  Institute.  Mr.  .Vlselmler  took 
an  active  part  in  .ilunini  .-itf.iirs. 
Klected  \'iee-i'resi(lent  (if  the  .Vlunnii 
As.sociatioii  in  l!l()().  he  served  the  .as 
.soi'iation  as  President  in  lOIO-MHI 
and  \i)->(i-l'.)->7.  He  was  a  nicmher  of 
tlie  l^oard  of  Mana.a;ers  diirini;  thi 
ye.-irs  1 !)  1  ■_'-]  !l  I  t.  and  served  on  the 
Advisory  }5o.ir(l  of  the  .Minnni  .\s 
soeiation  sint'e  its  formation.  Other 
ottiees  were  tliosc  of  alumni  trustee 
on  the  .Vrniour  Institute  15oard.  and 
meinh.r  of  the  Hoard  of  Trustees  of 
the  reeentlv  formed  Illinois  Institute 
of   TeehnoroiiV. 

.Mr.  AlseJuder  lu -.in  his  liu^in.ss 
career  with  D.ankm.ir  \  .\dler  in  LS!)!'. 
I'roni  !!l(»(l  to  l!10:i  he  w.as  associated 
with  Trent  \  .\dler.  which  in  1!H);; 
liec.anie    Trent    (.*v    .VIsehuler.       In    l!M»7. 


.!/,.#.■ 


Stiuh, 


cstalilishcd  his  own  firm.  Mr. 
seliuler  is  known  as  the  first  arclii- 
^t  in  C'hicaji'o  to  use  reinforced  con 
etc  construction.  lie  w.is  .-nvardcd 
iiiild  medal  for  his  plan  and  design 
the    London   (lu.irantcc   (.S:    .\ccid(-nt 


Huilditifi.  and  rccci\-cd  honoralile  mei 
tion  for  his  dcsii:n  of  the  I.;ike  .MicI 
iiian   Huildintr. 

Industrial  huildinjis  wdlicli  he  di 
siuned  include  the  Bracli.  S(  xtoi 
rh(.in|ison.  .Mail  Order.  Dick.  Anu  r 
e.m  Radiator.  .Standard  .Sanit.-ir\ 
Ku|il>enlieinu  r.  and  I'lorslicim.  .Vnioi 
his  synagofics  arc  Sinai  Conjjrcjiatioi 
Tcmjilc  Israel,  and  the  North  .Shor 
ConU'rcjiation.  Office  Iniildinsis  includ 
Westminster,  C'unard,  Utilities.  Ch 
casid  .Mercantile  Exclianije.  Fincl 
ley's.  Ilarvcstir.  and  Cliic.-iijo  (iai 
nient   Center. 

.Mr.  .Mscliuh  r  served  as  tru.stee  < 
till  Illinois  Institute  of  Architects.  ; 
inimlur  of  the  .State  Board  of  Arch 
tcctual  Kxaniiners.  treasurer  of  tl 
Hadley  .School  for  tile  Blind,  and  ; 
Ijre.sident  of  tlic  North  Shore  Contrri 
ii'ation.  He  was  a  member  of  Ta 
Beta  Pi  fraternity,  .md  the  .\ 
tectlir.-il.  Standani.  and  Niirthi 
country  elulis. 

In     the     truest     and     deepest     si 
death    li.as    not    come    to   .\lfred    S.    .\ 
seliuler.       His    cxjimplc.    his    influcn 
.111(1  his  iii.iny  contrihutions  to  civiliz; 
tion   st.aiid   livini;-  tiidav. 


Dm     to   the    highly    \.-iri.-ihle    nature    of  therefore,   the    normal    hoilinu-   imint   of  dithculties    iii\olveii    ill    sinkinii'   sucl 

winds,   the    storajic    |irolileni    stands    in  water    would    lie    reached    at    .a    depth  shaft    (amid   lie    inercomc. 

the     w.iy     of    .any    larife  scale    .apjiliea-  of  one  .and  one-ll.ilf  miles.     Holes  liaxc  I'liurr     fniiii     Trm jirral iirr     Ditffi 

tion.    hut    even    if    this    difficulty    could  heen     duj;-     in     the     earth     to     (Greater  ,-iit;-x  in  the  Oiian.  Thouiih  this  seen 

he     satisfactorily      solved      there      still  depths   than   this  and   there   is   no  deli  .it   first   tliouiilit  like  a  rather   fantast; 

remains   the   fact   that   the   em  ryy   eon  nite    limit    to    the    depth    that    may    lie  scheme,  yet   it   is  li.ased  on   sound   tliei 

eeiitr.itiiin   is   M-ry   low   in   .a  niox  inir  .air  reached.     In    :i    few    places,   not.ilily    in  modyn.amic     princi|iles.       It     also     ili 

eurrint.      .Vssumini;'     ;i     wind     \eliieity  Italy,  ste.am  for  industrial   )iiirposes   is  sir\(s   more   than    passini;  mention   In 

of    thirty     miles     ]ier    hour,    the     ni.axi  heiiiii'  dr.awn    from    wells.     M.in\    years  cause    it    w.as    .actually    Jiut    to    the    tc- 

mum    power   .av  .ail.alile    )ier   sipian     foot  .aiio.     Sir     Ch.arli  s     Parsons,     .a     well  by      the      I'rench      eniiinccr,      Georiri 

of    windmill    surface    is    mih     O.IS;    .a  known      I'.nijlish      enuimer.      seriously  Cl.iude,  who   h.id  been   hi.irhly   succcs- 

surfaic   of   .-i.-id.OOO   square    feet    would  proposed  the  sinkinij  of  a  shaft  twelve  fill     in     other     fields.      .\     eonsidcrabl 

he   nicess.ary   to   i;ener.ite   one   hundred  miles   deep   to   t.ap   the   earth's   interior  .ainount  of  money  was  ex)icn(Ied  in  tl: 

thoiis.and    II. P.   .assumiin;    one    liuiidnil  heat,    hut     no    such    .attempt     li.as    cM-r  trials     which     took     place     near     Cub; 

|iereent      coiim  rsioii      of      the      kinetic  heen    iii.ade    or    is    likely    to    be    iiaMii  .Vs    far   .as    the    .iiithor    is    .aw.are.   thi> 

I  iieriry   of   air   mo\  iui;   al   this   speed.  serious  (amsider.ation  today.  The  (lues  trials   were   .a   laimjilete    f.ailure    from 

The     tl  iiiper.itiire     Mr.adient     .as     one  tion     of    how     to    secure    eimutrh     heal  practical    standpoint    .and    the    end    ( 

di  sei  lids    beneath    the    earth's    surf.acc  tr.ansfcr  siirf.aee  to  |iermit   the  genera  the  story  li.as   never  lieeii  m.ade  publi. 

x.irics    with     loc.alit>      from    twenty    to  tion    of    .any    eoiisider.ible    .amount     of  Claude  w.as  eonviiuaai   lli.it   his  sclieu 

one    hundred    siMiily    I  la  I    per    denni  power   is   onh    one   of   the   ni.aiiv    Jiroli  w.as   laimmcrci.ally    feasible   .and   he   .ai 

I'ahrenheit.     with     fifty     to     sixty     feet  hnis     th.al     would     li.iM      to     he'soUed.  noiinced    pl.ans    in    l!i:ill    for    .a    twent; 

.as    ,1     fair    .iMr.iiie     On    the    .aver/iiic  even    siipposinii'    tli.il     the    Iriniendoiis  ti\e     ihous.and     kilow.att     plant     to     1 

16 


erected     near     Santiago,    Cuba.      The 
plans,    however,    were    never    carried 
throuirh.     Let   us    review   hriefl^-   some 
of  the  underlying;  facts  and  principles. 
In  tropical  waters,  surface  tempera- 
tures    are    eighty    to     ninety    degrees 
Fahrenheit,   and   at   a   depth   of  three 
thousand  feet  the  temperature  is  con- 
stant    at     about     thirty-nine     degrees 
Fahrenheit,  the   temperature   of  max- 
imum density  of  water.    From  elemen- 
tary  principles   we   know   that    power 
pan    be    developed    from    stored    heat 
;nergy  whenever  a  temperature  ditfer- 
;nce    exists.     Tiie    total    ditference    in 
fhis  ease  is  only  forty  degrees  Fahren- 
!ieit  and   this   would   probably   be   re- 
duced to  an  effective  difference  of  not 
jnore    than    twenty    degrees     for    the 
orime     mover    when     allowances     are 
nade   for  necessary  thermal  heads   in 
leat-exchange    apparatus.     This    may 
e     compared     with     ,i     difference     of 
bout  seven  hundred  degrees  Fahren- 
leit.  or  thirty-tive  times  as  great,  in  a 
nodern    steam   plant.     With    so   small 
n  intensity  factor  the  capacity  factor 
uld     have     to    be     correspondingly 
arge,  which  indicates  that  the  size  of 
he     equipment     for     a     given     output 
Duld  be  many  times   that   of   a  more 
rthodox   steam   plant.     The   practical 
roblem  of  conveying  very  large   vol- 
mies    of    cold    water    to    the    surface 
rom  a  three-thousand-foot  depth,  with 
xjH-nditure  of  only  a   fraction  of  the 
jower   developed   and   preventing  ap- 
reciable  rise  in  its  temperature  would 
)e  enough  to  daunt  any  engineer,  but 
was  partially  solved  b}-  Claude  after 
few  disastrous  attempts. 
Claude    intended    to    use    the    warm 
ater    itself    as    the    working    fluid    in 
e     engine,    but     this     hardly    seems 
asible  because  of  the  low  pressures 
n\()lved.    It  would  seem  better  to  use 
working   fluid   with   a    much   higher 
ijjor  j)ressure  even  though  a  further 
OSS    in   thermal   head   would   occur   in 
eat    exchangers.     The    whole    scheme 
IS   utterly  fantastic  from  any  eco- 
oniic   standpoint  at  the   present  time 
ut  tan  we  be  certain  that  it  will  not 
eeonie  a  practical  reality  a  few  Inin- 
reds  years  hence  r 

Before  leaving  this  source  of  en- 
rgy.  passing  mention  might  be  made 
f  the  related  scheme  (also  cliam- 
ioned  by  a  French  engineer)  of  util- 
iing  the  ocean  temperature  difference 
1  tlie  arctic  regions,  where  the  heat 
:>urie  would  be  the  ocean  water  just 
nder  the  surface  at  a  temperature  of 
irty-two  degrees  Fahrenheit,  and 
le  lieat  "sink"  would  be  chunks  of 
ilt-ice  eutectie  mixture  at  six  degrees 
hrenheit. 

Solar  Kadiatioii.  The  .imount  of 
idiation  reaching  the  cartli's  surface 
rom  the  sun  naturally  varies  with  a 
umber  of  factors,  but  on  a  clear  dav 


a  surface  perpendicular  to  the  direc- 
tion of  the  radiation  receives,  on  the 
average,  about  0.12  horsepower  per 
square  foot  or  approximately  three 
million  horsepower  ))er  square  mile. 
.\ssuming  eight  hours  j)er  day  of  sun- 
light of  this  strength,  an  area  of  fifty 
square  miles  would  supply  all  of  the 
present  power  demand  of  the  United 
.States.  There  is,  however,  a  tremen- 
dous gap  between  the  possibilities  and 
the  practical  realization,  and  onlv  a 
few  feeble  attempts  have  been  made 
to  close  the  gap.  The  chief  difliculties 
are:  (1)  the  large  area  required  for 
any  sizeable  plant;  (2)  the  intermit- 
tent nature  of  the  supply  and  lack  of 
a  good  method  of  storage;  (3)  the 
changing  position  of  the  sun  relative 
to  the  earth;  (4)  the  low  availability 
of  the  energy  if  turned  into  heat 
(eighteen  percent  for  average  heat- 
source  temperature  of  two  hundred 
degrees  Fahrenheit  and  average  con- 
denser-temperature of  eighty  degrees 
Fahrenheit).  An  idea  of  the  difficulty 
caused  by  the  low  concentration  of 
solar  energj'  may  be  had  from  the 
fact  that  a  modern  steam  boiler  gen- 
erates about  four  horsepower  per 
square  foot  of  heat-transfer  surface, 
or  an  energy  concentration  almost 
thirtv-five  times  as  great  as  that  in 
solar  radiation. 

The  major  portion  of  all  solar  radi- 
ation falling  on  tiie  larth  is  converted 
to  heat  at  the  temperature  of  the 
atmosphere  and  is  wholly  unavailable. 
The  following  means  might  conceiv- 
ably be  used  to  convert  solar  energy 
to  a  form  of  energy  available  for 
work:  (I)  photo-synthesis;  (2)  photo- 
electric cells;  (3)  heat  engines  using 
a  fluid  working  substance;  and  {V) 
thermocouples  (also  essentially  a  heat 
engine,  but  using  electrons  as  the 
"working  substance").  A  small  j)ro- 
portion  of  the  radiation  from  the  sun 
is  continually  being  stored  as  chemical 
energy  through  the  process  of  photo- 
synthesis carried  out  by  green  plants. 
It  is  this  process  which  made  possible 
the  stores  of  bottled  sunlight  that  we 
are  now  obtaining  from  fuels,  and  it 
may  have  undeveloped  ))ossibilitics  for 
the  continuous  production  of  raw 
materials  that  can  be  processed  to 
yield  motor  fuels.  Photo-synthesis  as 
practiced  by  the  green  plant  is  a  very 
inefficient  process  in  the  sense  that 
under  the  best  conditions  only  a  few 
tenths  of  one  {jcrccnt  of  the  radiation 
falling  on  a  jjlot  of  ground  is  eon- 
verted  to  ciiemieal  energy.  There  is 
no  man-made  (le\  ice  .it  the  present 
time  which  can  improve  on  tliis.  How 
ever,  we  know  luxt  to  nothing  about 
the  mechanism  of  the  process,  and  the 
next  step  in  our  program  should  lie  a 
long-range  researeii  ettVn-t  by  a  num- 
ber    of     cooperating    scientists     in     an 


attempt     to      learn      sduiething     .about 
))iioto-synthesis. 

The  photo-electric  cell  is  also  a 
very  inefficient  device  as  far  as  con- 
version of  total  radiation  from  the 
sun  into  electrical  energy  is  con- 
cerned, but  who  can  sav  how  much 
this  might  be  changed  by  further  re- 
search? 

The  development  of  solar  heat  en- 
gines has  intrigued  a  number  of  in- 
ventors, and  small  units  have  been 
built  and  successfully  operated  for 
both  water  pumping  and  refrigeration. 
The  fuel  cost  is,  of  course,  zero,  but 
tile  fixed  charges  are  relatively  high, 
and  at  the  present  time  solar  heat 
engines  could  not  possibly  compete 
witli  fuel-power  plants  or  water- 
power  jdants  except  in  special  regions 
far  removed  from  these  sources  of 
))ower.  Dr.  C.  G.  Abbot,  a  pioneer  in 
this  field,  believes  that  solar  power 
can  be  generated  at  the  present  time 
at  not  over  one-half  cent  per  horse- 
power-hour. Before  leaving  the  sub- 
ject, attention  should  be  called  to  the 
Godfrey  L.  Cabot  fund  established  at 
the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Tech- 
iiologv-  for  research  on  utilization  of 
solar  radiation.  Research  is  being 
conducted  along  all  four  of  the  lines 
outlined  above,  and  many  interesting 
results  can  be  expected,  even  thousrh 
they  may  be  of  little  immediate  prac- 
tical importance  in  power  develop- 
ment. 

Jl  air.i  and  Tides.  Even  thougii 
large  potential  amounts  of  power  are 
undoubtedly  available  in  waves,  we 
shall  dismiss  this  source  entirely  from 
consideration  because  of  its  extreme 
variabilitj'.  Tides  on  the  other  hand 
are  quite  regular  and  constant  in  na- 
ture, and  offer  a  means  of  power  gen- 
eration which  is  entirely  feasible  from 
a  technical  standpoint,  but  probably 
not  from  an  economic  one  at  the  Jires- 
eiit  time.  The  principle  is.  of  course, 
very  simple  and  scarcely  needs  dis- 
ciissimi.  Any  difference  in  water  level 
can  he  utilized  to  generate  power:  the 
chief  difficulty  in  "the  ease  of  the  dif- 
ference produced  by  the  moon  (we 
might  refer  to  tide  jjower  as  lunar 
power,  and  tliis  would  certainly  seem 
most  ajit  to  tliose  who  regard  the  re- 
cent governmental  venture  in  this 
field  as  something  akin  to  lunacy)  is 
that  it  is  so  small  that  enormous  vol- 
umes of  water  must  be  iinpoiiiuled  to 
oiitain  .-i  sizeable  block  of  power.  This 
means  costly  dams  and  also  low-head 
turbines  whose  cost  per  power  unit  is 
iiigh.  with  the  net  result  that  the 
fixed  eli.irges  on  such  a  plant  are 
high.  In  this  c.ise.  part  of  them  can- 
not \ery  well  be  assigned  to  some 
other  function  such  as  navigation  or 
flood  control. 

(Turn    to    page    45) 


17 


INDUSTRIAL  HEALTH 


By 


C.  O.  SAPPINGTON 


Industrial  liiulth  is  a  i-oopL-rativc 
undertakiiis;.  This  means  that  many 
(litlerent  types  and  groups  of  people 
are  interested  in  and  concerned  with 
it.  including  the  employer  and  em- 
ployee, research  worker,  physician, 
safety  and  industrial  hygiene  engi- 
neer, not  to  mention  the  insurance 
comi)any.  the  lawyer,  director  of 
personnel  and  labor  relations,  public 
relations  personnel,  the  nurse,  psy- 
chologist and  psychiatrist.  At  the 
outset,  it  is  advisable  to  discuss  the 
scope  of  industrial  health  work  and 
the  meaning  of  the  terminology  used 
in  connection  with  iiuiustrial  health 
|>roblems. 

Industrial  health  is  a  broad  term 
and  obviously  includes  all  methods 
and  j)ractiees  aimed  at  the  su])er- 
\isiiin  and  maintenance  ot  a  high 
le\rl  of  pirsonal  health  among  in- 
dustrial workers.  The  complexity  of 
tin  Held  is  thus  obvious.  particuLirly 
when  it  is  realized  that  anv  f.ictor 
which  may  adversely  att'ect  health 
becomes  a  ])roblem  for  conc<rn  and 
investigation.  In  the  \rry  beginning, 
it  should  b.-  nntrd  tliat  the  essence 
of  industrial  health  lies  in  the  pre- 
vention  of  trouble.  This  conception 
necessarily  broadens  the  field  of  ap- 
proach and  .ajiplieation  of  industrial 
health    proceduris. 

\  distinction  should  be  made  be 
tween  the  geiural  praetiee  of  indus 
trial  he.-ilth  and  the  general  pr.aetiee 
of  industrial  medicine  and  surgery. 
This  <listinction  has  already  been 
made  in  jiractice  in  most  instances. 
By  and  large,  the  practice  of  indus 
trial  medicine  and  surgery  is  limited 
to  the  diagnosis  and  treatment  of 
disease  and  injuries.  This,  of  course, 
is  entirely  the  responsibility  (if  tin- 
physician  .and  in  most  inst.iiiei  s.  the 
physici.'in  is  maiidy  oicupii-d  with 
curative  procedures.  There  is.  how 
ever,  what  is  called  pn  \entive  meiii 
cine    in    industry.      This    <lireetly    .q) 


plies  to  industrial  health  work,  and 
in  it  the  physici.an  is  used  for  cer- 
tain procedures  wliieli  will  be  dis- 
cussed  later. 

Industrial  hygiene  engineering  is 
.III  integral  part  of  industrial  health 
work,  which  is  specifically  concerned 
with  certain  factors  in  the  working 
environment  which  might  become 
health  hazards  under  certain  circum- 
stances. Such  factors  include  dusts, 
gases,  vapors  and  fumes;  tempera- 
ture, humidity  and  air  motion;  the 
kind  of  illumination;  type  of  venti- 
lation used,  both  natural  and  arti- 
tiiial  :  the  physical  setup  of  equip- 
ment :  the  types  of  materials  handled 
with  particular  reference  to  their  be- 
idining    jjotential    health    hazards. 

It  is  the  job  of  the  industrial  hy- 
gitne  engineer  to  use  various  types 
of  instruments  for  the  collection  of 
dusts,  gases,  vapors,  and  fumes,  and 
to  determine  the  quality  and  quan- 
tity of  these  materials  in  the  breath- 
ing atmosphere;  to  estimate  the  kind 
and  intensity  of  illumination;  to 
make  measurements  with  reference 
to  the  efficiency  of  exhaust  ventila- 
tion systems  and  natural  systems;  to 
ni.ikc  observations  rcl.itive  to  tem 
|)cr,iture,  humidity  and  air  motion: 
.-nul  otherwise  to  .uive  attention  to 
the  v.-irious  factors  in  the  environ 
iiient  which  might  bear  dinctly  on 
the  health  of  workers.  15y  comparinit 
what  the  conditi(Uis  are  with  tin- 
various  standards,  the  industrial  phy 
sieian  has  information  which  can  lu- 
nsed  .IS  the  b;isis  of  recommendations 
for  control  of  .-my  hazards  which 
may  exist,  and  .also  in  ducking  tin- 
physical    reactions    of    employees. 

It  is  also  important  to  consider  tin- 
possibility  of  accidental  injurii-s.  .-md 
therefore  safety  engineering  beeouns 
.-1  V(-ry  di-tinite  and  imiiortant  phase 
of  iiuiustrial  health.  It  is  the  duty 
of  the  safety  engineer  to  make  in- 
spections  and   to   iu)int   out   what  po- 


teiiti.-il  injury  hazards  exist  with  re- 
spect to  the  running  of  machines, 
the  handling  of  materials,  and  vari- 
ous other  methods  and  practices  in 
industry  which  have  to  be  observed 
;ind  analyzed  for  the  possibility  of 
injury    hazards. 

Another  important  phase  of  indus- 
trial health  is  sanitation  and  house- 
keeping. Within  this  category  come 
the  importance  of  keeping  the  work- 
jdaee  clean  and  orderly  throughout 
the  working  period,  and  the  provi- 
sion of  proper  sanitarv'  facilities, 
such  as  shower  baths,  washrooms, 
toilets,  and  the  like. 

THE   FOUR-POINT   PlUKiHAM 

Now  let  Us  consider  a  sample  sur- 
vey in  a  relatively  small  plant 
of  approximately  ITo  employees, 
including  in  this  survey  the  follow- 
ing four  ditt'erent  types  of  observa- 
tions: 

I.      .S.-ifetv    Engineering    Control] 
II.      Iiuiustrial       Hygiene       Engi- 
neering Control 
111.      ."sanit.itiiin   and   Housekeepinfii 
I\'.       ll.-.-ilth    Control 
Sail-Ill    F.  uiiinrrrinii    Control — Dur- 
ing tilt-   s.-ifi-ty   inspt-c-tion.   it    was   dis- 
ecnercd     th.it    tlure     were     a     ninubei 
of   unsafe   practices,   such   as    the    us. 
of    abrasive     wheels     without     protei 
tion    for   the   eyes;    material    being    -,• 
|)l;ii-ed    that    it    constituted   a    slip))inL 
.•iiul      tripping      ha/,-ird:     the      use      o' 
p  11  n  e  h        presses        without        iiropei 
gii.-irds:     and     tlu-     unsafe     use     of     ; 
fn-ight   elevator.     In   addition    to  spe 
i-itic   suggestions   in   each    inst.-iiice    re 
garding   unsafe   practices,   the   follow 
ing   recommendations   were   made: 
1.     First   aid  dispensary   adeini.-itel\ 

supplied     .-md     run. 
J.    Analysis     of     accident     cxpt-ri 
ence   during  the   past   ten   year 
followed    by    specific   recommeii 
dations. 


18 


Portable   apparatus   for   determining    concentrations   of   various   vapors    and 
gases  in  industrial  atnaospheres. 

Left — Interferometer.   Right — Silica  gel  adsorption  tubes  connected  to  flow- 
meter and  motor  pump  suction  apparatus.    Lower  center — Aneroid  barometer. 


Scni'ilaliiiH  and  Iwusekecphig — Ob- 
M  r\.iti<ins  with  respect  to  sanitation 
[uil  liousi  keeping  showed  that  aisles 
md  walkways  were  very  often 
lilockcd :  refuse  dis])osaI  program  in- 
rfticiriit  ;  tloDrs.  toilets  and  washbowls 
ill  dirty  ccuiditioii :  employees  eating 
it  work  belli  lie  s  (ir  in  workrooms: 
.iiiil  dirty  •■iiid  nbsojitr  drinking 
liniiit.'iiiis. 

S|ieeifie  reeoiniiiendatioiis  w  e  r  e 
made  in  each  iiistanee  witji  rtspeet 
to  till-  eniitro]  of  sanitation  and 
b()usekii|iiiig   eonditiims. 

Itrnhh      CiiiitrdI  —Wnh     rr-,|ie<-t     to 
til.'    hialtb    I'ontrol     program,    tlie    fol- 
biuiiig  reeommend/itioiis   were  made: 
1  .     Obligatory      physical     examina- 
tions    of     all     new     employees. 
( L'sing     adequate      forms      and 
standards  of  acceptance  related 
to     the     actual      industrial      ex- 
jjosures  in  the  working  environ- 
ment). 
■J.     \  DInntary       ]>liysical      examina- 
tions   of    employed    jiersons    on 
a    ])rivilege   basis,   with   employ- 
er's   guarantee    of    no    discrim- 
inatory   measures. 
:i.     Compidsory     periodic    examina- 
tions    (as    found    expedient)    on 
all    those   employees   exposed   to 
health    hazards,    as    determined 
by    industrial   hygiene   engineer- 
ing   studies. 


3.     The     appointment     of     a     jilant 

safety   committee, 
-t.     Periodic   inspections    and  inves- 
tigations of  accidents  bv'  safety 
committee,  physician  and  nurse. 
I iidustrial  hi/giene  engineering  con- 
trol— The    industrial    hj'giene    Inspec- 
tion   showed    among    other    things,    a 
deficiency     in     the     proper     type    of 
lighting;     lack     of     providing     proper 
tem])eratures,    luimidity    and    air    mo- 
tion ;    occurrence   of   various    types    of 
dusts   and   vapors    in   the    air;    and   in 
various  departments,   the   handling   of 
materials  known  to  have   caused   skin 
irritation.       The      following      specitii' 
recommendations   were  made: 

1.  Measurements  of  lighting  ir, 
various  deiiartments.  with  the 
establishment    of    )n-oper    stand 


!jV 


The  measnrenuiits  ot  tempera- 
ture, humidity  and  air  motion 
in  various  departments,  and  the 
est.-iiilishment  of  proper  jjliysi- 
cal  conditions  of  atmosphere. 
Measurements  of  vapin-  concen- 
trations and  dust  eoiuentra 
tions,  with  remedying  of  condi- 
tions as  found  necessarx  . 
Provision  for  the  use  of  rub 
her  gloves  in  \arious  depart- 
ments where  the  materials 
handled  are  eajiable  of  prodiu- 
iiiu   skin   irritation. 


Portable  apparatus  for  determining  concentrations  of  dusts  and  fumes  in 
industrial  atmospheres.  Left — Standard  size  implnger  tubes  with  connection 
to  ejector  suction  device  for  continuous  sampling  of  dust.  Center — Konimeter, 
especially  for  study  of  "grab"  samples  of  dust  in  low  range  concentrations. 
Right — Electric  precipitator  for  continuous  sampling  of  dusts  or  fumes. 


.i;„;,-    .V.,/,/v     .Iff!'"" 


Portable     continuous     carbon     monoxide     indicator     ror 
sampling  mine  and  factory  atmospheres. 


t.  Follow  up  ])roc'fduris  on  .ill 
txaniin.itions  wlii-ii  milled,  for 
•-piiial  ailvin-  coiuirnin^  cor- 
rtitiiiii  of  i)liysiial  dtfci-ts, 
i-oo|)tratioii  with  family  pliysi- 
li.in.  .111(1  otlj(  r  similar  mfas- 
uri>. 

.■).  .Simplf  liiit  lomplttf  ri-cord 
svstfin  for  till-  ri-cordiii";  of  i-x- 
.iininatioii  data,  first  aid  calls, 
.■ilisriittiisiii  riiords.  at-cidents 
,iiid    illnisscs. 

(i.  Provision  for  fuU-tinif  rcgis- 
ti'rt'd  niirsi-  in  cliarjic  of  .sini- 
|ily-i()uipi)rd  dis|)iiisary  for 
first  .lid  to  aiiidi-iits  and  ill- 
ntss,  ,111(1  the  kfipinsr  of 
records. 

7.  Provision  for  p.irt-time  indus- 
trial plivsici.iii  with  lire  ar- 
ranged liours  .it  pl.mt  dis- 
})  e  n  s  a  r  \  .  for  consult.ition.s, 
examin.itions.  ,ind  pl.iiit  inspec- 
tions. 

S.  Health  edueation  jirograni  for 
employees,  carried  on  tlirougli 
the  plivsieian  and  nurse,  and 
.•ilso  throuiili  a  pl;int  health 
committee. 
Jf'hat    the    EiHiiiuir    Can    Do 

It    is    obvious    that    the    component 

(i.-irts     of     .-in     industrial     he.-ilth     jiro- 

uraiii     iiiMilve     triiining     in     ditfercnt 

(Turn    to    page    43) 


/.'.•■■r.'rsy    Zitrich    In 


Laboratory    and    portable    equipment    tor    dust    determinations    in    industrial 
atmospheres. 

Left    and    center — Midget    impinger    tubes,    pipettes,    counting    cells,    micro- 
scope, counter,  and  dilution  flasks. 

Right — Portable  midget  impinger  dust  sampling  apparatus. 


20 


AROUND  THE  CORNER  WITH  FM 


By 


ARTHUR  W.  SEAR 


Newspaper  stories  and  magazine 
articles  have  lieraldcd  frequency 
modulation  as  a  revolutionary  devel- 
opment in  radio  broadcasting.  How- 
ever, it  is  in  some  of  the  technical 
aspects  rather  than  in  basic  under- 
lying principles  that  this  newcomer 
in  the  field  of  radio  is  revolutionary. 
Neither  does  it  follow  that  there 
will  be  a  rapid  or  complete  change 
in  radio  broadcasting  as  we  know  it 
today.  What  we  may  expect  is  a 
leisurely  transition  period,  during 
which  both  frequency  modulation  and 
the  older  amplitude  modulation  will 
find  their  proper  places  in  the  com- 
plete   field    of    communication. 

Frequency  modulation,  as  devel- 
oped by  Major  E.  H.  Armstrong, 
has  certain  advantages  which  assure 
it  a  permanent  place  in  radio  broad- 
casting. Chief  of  these  advantages 
is  the  suppression  of  extraneous 
noise  and  freedom  from  static.  One 
critic  has  said  that  it  is  the  only 
radio  system  that  can  broadcast  si- 
lence, and  this  feature  is  one  of  the 
characteristics  noticed  w  h  e  n  a 
listener  first  tunes  in  an  FM  station. 
When  the  studio  is  quiet,  the  radio 
receiver  is  silent;  then  the  announcer 
speaks  and  it  seems  as  though  he  is 
in  the  room,  quietly  talking  to  you. 
In  addition,  this  relatively  quiet  op- 
eration is  accomplished  in  a  wave 
band  which  interference  from  auto- 
mobile ignition  systems  and  other 
similar  disturbances  has  made  almost 
useless. 

The  freedom  from  static  and  noise 
is  further  enhanced  by  the  absence 
of  interference  from  other  stations. 
The  nature  of  the  F'M  signal  is  such 
that  a  strong  carrier  inhibits  a 
weaker  one.  Even  in  areas  where 
signals  from  two  stations  on  the 
same  frequency  could  be  received,  if 
the  carrier  of  one  is  twice  as  strong 
as  the  other,  the  weaker  signal  is 
suppressed   to    insignificance.    In    the 


rare  cases  where  two  stations,  oper- 
ating on  the  same  frequency,  ])roduce 
signals  of  approximately  equal 
strength,  a  directional  receiving  an- 
tenna system  is  sufficient  to  allow 
the  FM  receiver  to  select  one  sta- 
tion  and   reject  the   other. 

The  lack  of  background  noise  in 
FM  reception  permits  taking  advan- 
tage of  another  inherent  improve- 
ment over  the  older  method.  This  is 
the  ability  of  the  system  to  handle 
a  wide  range  of  audio-energy.  Since 
reception  is  quiet,  the  soft  playing 
of  a  soloist  comes  through  without 
sinking  below  the  noise  level,  while 
on  the  other  hand  a  fortissimo  pass- 
age of  a  large  orchestra  is  repro- 
duced without  distortion  caused  by 
over-modulation.  Although  there  are 
jiractieal  limits  which  determine  the 
audio-energy  range  which  may  be 
used,  the  fact  that  the  amplitude  of 
the  carrier  is  independent  of  the 
audio-signal  relieves  the  operatcu'  of 
constantly  "riding  the  gain"  to  pre- 
vent   over-modulation. 

The  elimination  of  extraneous  noise 
is  ))articularly  important  in  connec- 
tion with  the  transmission  and  re- 
ception of  the  wide  band  of  audio- 
frequencies essential  to  a  high  fidel- 
ity system.  Wide  band  transmission 
can  be  obtained  with  amijlitude 
modulation;  however,  in  the  standard 
broadcast  band  the  assisinment  of 
stations  to  channels  ten  kiloevelcs 
apart  makes  it  necess;iry  to  limit  tile 
;uidio-frequi-n<'y  band  to  |)revent  in- 
terference with  adjarrnt  e.irriirs. 
.Since  FM  liroadeast  is  assigiird  to  .1 
high  frequency  band,  enough  sp.-iee 
between  channels  h.is  been  allowed 
to  permit  transmission  of  audio-fre 
quencies  up  to  fifteen  thousand 
cvcles  ])er  second  without  interfer- 
ing with  other  stations.  The  whole 
(ieveloi)ment  of  FM  broadcast  has 
been  m;ide  with  high  fidelity  in  mind, 
and    as    a    result    the    striking    realism 


of  programs  over  this  system  has  be- 
come one  of  its   principal   features. 

The  assignment  of  FM  to  a  fre- 
quency band  extending  from  fort\  - 
two  to  fifty  niegacyeles  is  somewhat 
of  a  mixed  blessing.  The  use  of  a 
carrier  at  this  high  frequency  sim- 
plifies the  transmission  of  high  fidel- 
ity programs,  but  these  short  waves 
are  not  reflected  from  the  ionosphere, 
so  transmission  is  limited  to  a  range 
not  much  greater  than  the  distance 
a  searchlight  beam  can  be  seen.  This 
means  that  an  FM  station  will  serve 
a  local  region  within  a  radius  of 
from  fifty  to  seventy-five  miles. 
However,  the  thirty-rive  available 
channels  can  be  assigned  over  and 
over  again  to  stations  in  different 
parts  of  the  country  with  no  danger 
of  interference  and  thus  a  large  num- 
ber of  stations  can  be  aecommo- 
dated. 

."^inee  the  frequencies  that  have 
been  assigned  to  FM  broadcast  are 
useful  only  for  loi-.il  transmission, 
rural  regions  ;ind  s])arsely  settled 
parts  of  the  country  will  most  likely 
continue  to  be  served  by  the  regular 
broadcast  stations  for  .1  long  time. 
Tei-hnieally  it  is  i)OssibK  to  set  up 
remote  .-intoniatie  t  r.-nismitters  and 
lia\c  tin-  program  nlaycd  on  other 
wave  b.inds  to  these  local  tr.msmit- 
ters  for  broadcast.  The  cost  of  small 
loe.il  tr.msmitters  is  relatively  low. 
so  tli.il  in  the  future  some  such 
■  irraniriiuint     m.iy     be     .-idoijted. 

Nearly  (\ervoin'  thinks  only  ol 
r.idio  hroadeast  when  tlu-  siibje'et  of 
r.idio  is  mentioned.  .\s  .1  matter  ot 
f.ict,  sDuie  of  the  most  im])ort,int 
Uses  of  r.idio  .iri-  in  fields  other  than 
broadcast,  (onnnunii-.ition  with  ships 
.it  sea.  r.idio  .lids  for  .liriilane  traf- 
fic, point  to-point  conununieation,  di- 
rection ;ind  control  of  mobile  })olice 
units,  and  liaison  service  for  mili- 
t.irv    .ind    n.ival    forces,    are    some    of 


21 


till-  uses  fur  radio  which  are  impor- 
l.int  l>iit  vvliiili  art'  not  of  everyday 
interest  tii  tlie  averafie  individual. 
I'lie  use  (it  I'M  will  W  adapted  to 
sdiiif  of  tliese  ser\ices.  The  Con- 
luctii-ut  state  poliee  are  installinj;  an 
I'M  svstein  for  two-way  eoniniuniea- 
tion,  while  tin  Cliieajjo  poliee  are 
expiriinentiiiir  with  I'M  with  the 
same  end  in  \  iew.  'I'he  use  of  FM 
li\  military  and  iia\al  forees  seems 
lojiieal.  The  aliility  to  maintain  eoni- 
numieatiims  throiisrh  lu-avy  statie  and 
iiiterfereiK-e  jiartieularly  reeomniends 
it  for  this  serviee.  Equally  impor- 
tant is  the  ahility  of  the  stronger 
siirnal  to  suppri  ss  weaker  ones,  and 
thus  prevent  the  enemy  from  "jam- 
niinji"  till-  eliannels  to  interfere  with 
orders   and   reports. 

On  the  other  han<l.  FM  does  not 
appear  to  fit  into  the  seheme  of 
radio  eonnnunieation  as  used  by  air- 
)iLine  transport.  The  operation  of 
the  radio  range  signals,  or  beams, 
based  upon  the  strength  or  amplitude 
of  the  signal  received;  consequently, 
the  use  of  amplitude  modulation  pre- 
sents the  simplest  and  most  direct 
solution  to  the  problem.  Radio  di- 
re<tion    finding  bv    means   of   a   direc- 


Above:  Amplifier  and   I   K.  W. 

Output  Stage  of  the  Zenith  FM 

Radio  Station  W9XZR 


Right:  Master  Control  Position 
and  Turntable  of  Station 
W9XZR  Zenith  Radio,  Chicago 


Photographs      by     George 
Raymond,    I.   I.  T.,   '42 


22 


tional  receiving  antenna,  such  as  a 
loop,  works  out  more  easily  with  an 
amplituded  modulated  receiver.  Both 
the  radio  range  and  radio  compass 
operate  more  satisfactorily  at  the 
lower  radio  frequencies,  and  at  the 
lower  frequencies  there  is  not  room 
for  the  wider  hand  required  for  FM, 
even  if  there  were  some  advantages 
to  this  system.  In  the  extremely  high 
frequency  channels  used  by  the  air- 
lines, atmospiieric  disturbances  arc 
not  serious,  and  since  the  ignition 
sj'stems  of  the  airplane  engines  are 
perfectly  shielded,  amplitude  modula 
tion  is  satisfactory. 

Any  attempt  to  explain  the  in- 
tricacies of  frequency  modulation 
should  perhaps  start  with  a  review 
of  radio  in  general  and  the  phenom- 
enon of  radiation  in  particular.  Ra- 
dio communication  is  based  upon  the 
radiation  of  electro-magnetic  energy 
by  the  transmitter.  This  is  the  same 
form  of  energj-  that  we  know  as 
light,  and  if  our  eyes  were  sensitive 
to  the  long  waves  of  the  radio  sta- 
tions, the  transmitting  antennae 
would  appear  as  sources  of  light, 
since  energy  is  radiated  from  them 
somewhat  after  the  manner  that  light 
energv'  emanates  from  the  filament 
of  an   incandescent   lamp. 

Efficient    radiation    can    be    accom- 
plished    only     at     high     frequencies, 
that  is,  at  frequencies  that  are  higher 
than    the    ear    can    respond    to.    Con- 
sequentl}',    a    high    frequenc}'    carrier 
of    radiated    electro-magnetic    energy 
is    used   to  convey    the   message.    The 
first    type    of    signalling   was    accom- 
plished   b}'    turning    on    and    off    the 
carrier,    just    as    one    would    turn    on 
;  and   off  a    flashlight,   that   is,  flashing 
I  the   light   according  to   a   code,   as    is 
done    in     telegraphic     communication. 
,  If,  however,  the  intensity  of  the  car- 
rier   is    changed    to    conform    to    the 
I  fluctuations    of   electric    current    from 
I  a  microphone,  then  voice   frequencies 
I  are    superimposed    upon    the    carrier. 
I  This   is   essentially   what   takes    place 
(in     a     transmitter     using     amplitude 
i  modulation.      The     intensity     of     the 
(carrier,    corresponding    to    the    inten- 
isity   of  the   light  beam,   is    caused   to 
(vary,    and    since    the    radio    receiver 
^is    sensitive    to    the    variations    in    in- 
tensity,   the     transmitted    signals     are 
[reproduced    in    the    loud    speaker    of 
the    receiver.     Frequency    modulation 
would    correspond    in    a     rough    way 
'to    changing    the    color    of    our    light 
source    witliout    ciianging    the    inten- 
sity.     In     this     method,     the     carrier 
;has     a     constant     energy     level,     but 
;there   arc   changes   in   frequency,  cor- 
responding  to    slight   shading    in    the 
color    of  the    light    source,    that    con- 
Acy   the    information    to    the    listener. 
iTo    receive    this    type    of    modulated 


fa 

Audio  Siqnal 

y\ ./  \  / 

\      V^       \ 

rv^          ^v^ 

^^        V 

Average  Current 
of  an  AM  Station 

^    Frequency  of 
an  FM  Station 

f, 

" 

Fig. 


Variation  of  Antenna  Current  When   Modulated 
by  An  Audio  Signal 


Resultont  Vector  _       Noise  V 

/       i  i  >y<---r 

/     Carrier  ,        \  /  /        \  / 


/        Vector 

/ 


\ 


/ 


Fig.    2.     Vector    Representation    of    Signal    Current    and 
Noise   Current 


carrier,  a  s])ecial  receiver  must  be 
used.  That  is,  we  must  have  a  re- 
ceiver which  is  sensitive  to  variations 
in  frequency  of  the  carrier  wave 
rather  than  to  variations  in  its  in- 
tensity. By  keeping  the  source  of 
energy  .it  a  constant  intensity,  and 
varying  its  frequency,  there  is  less 
likelihood  of  extraneous  signals  or 
noise  interfering  with  the  desired 
station. 

Figure  1  illustr.iti-s  the  manner  in 
whicli  tlie  .■uidio-signal  is  su|)crini- 
posed  upon  the  antenna  current  of 
the  transmitter.  The  aniiilitude - 
moiiiilated  station  will  have  a  curnnt 
wliich  changes  so  that  the  ciiv.loi.e 
of  the  radio  frequency  current  cor- 
responds    to     tile     audio-signal.       The 


frequency-modulated  station  will 
have  a  frequency  that  changes  to 
conform  to  tlie  audio-signal.  FM 
carrier  frequencies  are  so  high, 
forty  to  fifty  million  cycles  per  sec- 
ond, that  a  frequency  ciiange  of  one 
hundred  and  fifty  thousand  is  a  com- 
paratively small  percentage  of  tin- 
total. 

The  instantaneous  value  of  the 
current  flowing  in  tiie  antenna  of  a 
radio  transniittir  can  be  represented 
by  a  revolving  vector  which  at  a 
particular  instant  may  iiave  a  posi- 
tion as  shown  in  Figure  2.  W  hen 
there  is  no  modiil.-itiini  at  tlie  trans- 
mitter, the  antenna  current  of  either 
.in  AM  or  I'M  station  has  an  un- 
v.irviniT     aver.iite     value     .iiiil     a     con- 


23 


st.iiit    fri'qiuiu'V.      If    till'     c.trriir    of       tin-  iiuifiriiitudc  of  tlu-  vi-ctcir  cm   have       random     victor     wliicli     can     combine 
the  AM   transniilt.r   is   niodulatnl.   the 


i^    for    it    to   vary    from    ziro    to   twice  with     thi-     re\ol\infi     \ictor     in     anv 

its      averaire       lennth.         I'his      eiiaiiire  coneeivahh-     ni.aniu  r.     thi-     hnj^li     of 

corresponds   to  on<-   hundred   ))cr   cent  the  carrier  vector  can   In-  ai>i>rceiably 

amplitude    nioduhition.        Tile     current  .altered    Jiy    the    addition    of    this    ran- 

in    the    receiving   antinna    foUows    the  doni    noise.     It    is    perhaps    unconven- 

s.inii-    pattern    .is    tlie    current    in    tlu  tion.il     to    consider     .i     random    noise 

transmitting  antenna,  exce])t  tliat   .ad-  vector   added    to   a    vector    which    rep- 

dition.d    currents    may    he    introduced  resents   a   particular  frequency.    How- 

hv    static   or    interference.     The   prcs-  ever,   if   we  think   of  the   noise   vector 

hnirtli   of   the   vector   may   lie   thouglit       ence    of    extraneous    cnrrents     results  as  consisting  of  all  frequencies,  there 

of    ,is    the   degree   of   niodul.ation.                in     undesirable     noise      in      the     loud  will    be    present    in    the    noise    current 

Tile     in.-lNimuni    iinr.-ir     ch.-inur     th.at        spr.ikrr.      If    we    consider    noisi-    as     :\  (Turn   to    page   44) 


.intenna  current  can  be  represented 
liv  a  vector  which  changes  in  length 
but  revolves  at  ;i  const.int  .-inguLir 
\eloeitv.  Modulation  of  .in  IM  e.ir 
rier  can  he  rejircscnted  bv  .i  \cetor 
of  constant  length  but  of  x.arying 
angular  velocity,  or  fre<iueney.  In 
tlu'    case    of    AM    a    x.ari.ition    in    tin 


ENGINEERING  DEFENSE  TRAINING 


ILLINOIS  INSTITUTE  REGIONAL  CENTER 


The  Federal  Government  has 
asked  Illinois  Institute  of  Technol- 
ogy to  cooperate  in  a  pl.an  to  pro- 
vide courses  intended  to  meet  the 
shortage  of  engineers  with  s])eeial- 
ized  training  in  fields  essential  to 
national  defense.  The  plan  contem- 
Ijlates  intensive  engineering  courses 
of  collegia  grade,  and  the  subjects 
will  depend  upon  our  istini.ite  of 
needs  in  this  territory,  after  con- 
ferences with  tin-  industries.  Thr 
courses  contenipl.ited  include  Ma- 
chine Design:  Tool  Design:  Disiyn 
of  Jigs,  Templ.-ites,  .inil  I'ixtiires: 
Advanced  F.nginecring  Dr.iwing: 
Advanced  Structural  Design:  Diesel 
F.ngine  Design  .and  Testing:  Weld- 
ing Engineering;  .Met.illurgy :  K.idio 
Design  and  Testing;  M.iterials  In 
spection  .md  Testing;  Testing  of  F.x- 
j)losives:  Production  F.nginciring; 
and  Production  .^supi-rvision.  .Some 
courses  may  be  eombin.ttions  or  sub 
divisions  of  those  nuntionid  .ibov<-. 
and  there  ni.iy  be  others  not  listed 
that  relate  to  the  ilcleiise  program 
as  it  atTects  industries,  tin-  civil  serv- 
i<-,-.      iir      the       .armed       forces.        The 


courses  .are  not  faciifioiial  and  do 
not  overl.ip  suih  courses  now  in  op- 
eration   or    in    ])rospect. 

Eligibility  for  admission  is  judged 
in  individual  eases.  The  basis  is 
.ability  to  handh-  work  on  the  college 
levil  in  the  i>;irtieul;ir  course.  .Ml 
or  l)art  of  .a  college  emirse  is  a 
desirable  qualitie.ition.  but  ni.iy  not 
be  necessary  in  .ill  cases.  Regis 
tr.mts  ni.iv  or  m.iv  not  be  now  em- 
ployed. 

In  most  easis.  the  courses  will  he 
of  (ifteen  weiks'  duration.  with 
el.-isses  meeting  twice  weekly  fin- 
three  lunir  i)eriods,  or  three  tiniis 
weeklv  for  two-hour  jieriods :  nights, 
.•^.iturd.iv  afternoons,  or  .at  otiur 
times  outside  working  hours  ot 
.tuilents.  Tlu-  el.asses  will  be  .at  the 
South  Side  .and  West  Side  e.am 
pli'.es  of  the  Institute:  in  some  c.ase^ 
:it  pl.mts  of  eooper.ating  industries: 
.111(1.       where       neeess.iry.       in       rented 

No  tniti.ui  fees  .ire  p.iid  by  the 
students.  Their  only  costs  will  be 
for  text  books  .and  dr.awing  instru 
meiit>    iireiled    for    some   courses.      In- 


dividual el.isses  will  be  kept  small 
for  maximum  etiicieney  in  teaching. 
The  same  subject  may  be  given  in 
parallel  to  more  than  one  class.  It 
is  expected  that  class  work  will  be- 
gin about  .lanuary  1,  li)H,  and  if 
neeissarv  .it  monthly  intervals  there- 
.ifter,  but  not  later  than  April  1, 
.\  federal  appropriation  reimburses 
the  Institute  for  the  costs  of  the 
program.  Under  the  existing  appro- 
priation ;iet,  the  ])rogram  ends 
.lune    ;30. 

President    II.    T.    Ileald    is    regional 
.uivisir     in     the     engineering     ilefense 
tr.iining    .ire.i    which    includes    all    of 
Illinois,  the   siMithern  portion  of  Wi 
eonsin.     and     the     C'liie.igo     industrial 
.ire.a    in    the    northwestern    portion    of 
Indi.in.i.      Professor    .1.     15.     l-'inncg.i 
is    director    of    the    E.    D.    T.    cours, 
.it    Illinois    Institute    of    Technology. 

It  is  requested  by  the  L'.  S.  ()tlice 
of  Education  that  widespread  pub- 
lieitv  be  given  to  thi'  progr.am. 
.Miinini  of  the  Institnti'  .ire  invited 
to  bring  the  pl.in  to  the  .attention! 
of    qu.llilied    jierMUls. 


24 


fc^l/ 

iM.^mp 

M\ 

^4           **\ 

d 

-  "'"srs-i-:-!    - 

''o      \ 

"  J 

"^''J-u.^- 

How  does 

Western  Etectric 

make  tbis 


broadcast  p 


ossible 


/n  </ie  development  of  radio  —  that  i/ere  are  t/ie  niai;i  roiifrs  of  llic  liijili  (juality  The  thousands  i>f  miles  of  wirr  and  cable, 

important  influence  in  modern  life  Bell  System  lines  employed  in  broadcasting  the  poles,  the  countless   items  of  apparatus 

— Western  Electric  equipment  has  service. The"networkbroadcast"travelsover  were  supplied   by  \\  r-.terii   Lleiirie,  manu- 

played  a  bif;  part.  these  wires.  facturer  and  pun  liasrr  for  the  Hell  System. 


Te/e/j/ioneeomponvVofifro/ «/yiV('s"likelhis  To  keep  the  pTOf^rani  at  full  hrilliiinee.  So.  out  of  the  telephone  art   has  come 

one,  VI  eslern  Electric  ccpiipped.  are  located  \^'estern   Electric  vacuum   tubes  at  "re-  much  of  hroadcastin-j's  i)laut.    This  ap- 

at  important  cities.  They  switch  the  network  pcater  stations"  amplify  the  electrical  im-  paratus  is  made  by\\cstcrn  Electric  «ith 

program  to  selected  broatlcasting  stations,  pulses  with  complete  fidelity.  tlu'  same  skill  as  your  Bell  Telcj)houc. 


Western  Etectric 


.  .  .  is  had;  of  your 
Bell  Telephone  service 

25 


COOPERATIVE  CURRICULA 
LEWIS  INSTITUTE  OF  ARTS  &  SCIENCE 


Til.-  Illinois  Iiistitut.-  of  T.ilinol- 
ojrv  will  ottVr  Coopirativr  (urricul.i 
ill  Husiinss  A<imiiiistr.ition  .mil  in 
Industrial  Mariairtiiuiit  at  tin  I  i  wis 
Institute  Division,  tin-  first  ixroup 
starting  February  .(.  1!pH.  This 
eourse  is  open  to  liotli  men  ami 
women. 

.*^tU(lents  will  ;iltrrii.-it(  lutween 
sehool  and  enii)Ioynuiit  in  luisiness 
and  industry  .as  they  do  in  tin  pop- 
ular "Co-O])"  eourse  for  ineeli.inie.il 
engineers  at  the  Armour  Division. 
Upon  satisfaetory  eomjtletion  of  the 
fifteen  terms  of  seliiiol  work  .-iiul  .1 
siniil.-ir  jieriod  of  eniploynu  lit.  the 
de-r.e  of  Baehelor  of  Seieiiee  will 
he    conferred. 

This  proiiraiii  is  heinir  org.-ini/ed 
in  an  attempt  to  provide  a  me.nis 
for  eiiergetie  and  amhitious  hiiili 
sehool  graduates  to  alternate  lietween 
training  on  the  job  and  related  eol 
lege  work.  Students  will  he  en.ihh  d 
to  earn  a  I;irge  part  of  their  eolKge 
.xiienses  hy  working  h.ilf  time  .nid 
vet  may  eomiilete  .a  four  ve.-ir  eollege 
eourse  ill  fiv<-  ye.ars.  (ooiier.atiiig 
business  enterprises  will  be  provided 
with  .1  selected  -roup  of  men  .iiid 
woiiHii  whose  sirxieis  will  he  \.iln 
.able  duriiii;'  tluir  undergradil.'ite 
ve.-.rs  .ind  who  will  be  .available  for 
l-ontinued  1  niph.ym.  lit  upon  gradn.i 
tioii. 

Th.  sehool  ye.ir  will  hr  divided 
into  six  .ilteniatiiii;  iieriods  of  ri'^ht 
wieks  e.ieh.  rpnll  beile.  .•idlllit  teib 
the  student  will  seeiire  a  business 
position  .after  eonsultation  between 
the  Institute  and  the  cooperating 
employers.  .\  eomiiiny  in.ay  otlcr 
this  opjiortunity  to  young  men  .ind 
women  already  in  its  employ  who 
have  shown  unusual  ability,  and  who 
have  the  necessary  scholastic  quali 
fieations  to  meet  the  requirements 
of    the   Institute. 

.studiiits    for    the    new    cooperative 
course       will      b.       very      carefully      se- 


lected. .Vttention  will  be  given  to 
data  obt.aiiied  from  individual  inter 
views,  to  the  student's  .ittainment  in 
high  school,  and  to  entrance  tests. 
.\dmission  to  the  course  will  be  lim 
ited  to  those  who  possess  both  selio- 
l.istic    .ibilitv    .111(1    (pialities    of    leader 

ship. 

During  the  time  they  .ire  em- 
ploved.  students  norin.ally  reeeivi'  the 
prevailing  rate  for  the  kind  nf  work 
done.  The  wages  p.iid  will  in  turn 
be  used  by  the  students  to  meet 
tin  ir  obligations  to  the  Institute. 
."Students  are  not  permitted  to  ch.ange 
their  business  positions  without  the 
knowledge  and  consent  of  the  to- 
ordiii.-itor. 

The  training  for  business  .idmin- 
istr.ition  has  been  organized  for  the 
pur|)ose  of  educating  young  men  and 
women  for  service  in  the  fields  ot 
retailing,  wholesaling,  office  or  (ler 
sonnil  management,  advertising,  .mil 
similar  positions.  Besides  tiind.i 
mental  studies  in  science,  economics. 
.111(1  the  humanities,  the  etirriculum 
provides  sjieeialized  courses  in  s.iles- 
m.aiiship.  |)urchasiiig.  marketing,  ad 
\ertisiim-.  otflee  m.an.agemeiit.  .ind 
other  fields  offering  definite  tr.iiiiiiii; 
Cor  those  who  desire  emploxinent  in 
luisiness  enterjirisi  s. 

Till-  training  for  industri.il  man 
.•igeincnt  emph.-isi/es  the  prineiples 
of  m.-m.-igemeiit  tli.it  irr  eommouly 
.ipplied  to  till-  m.muf.-ieturing  iiidus 
tries.  In  addition  to  the  basii- 
studies  in  scii-iu-e,  (-(-onomics.  .md  tli<- 
luimanities.  this  curriculum  offers 
specialized  (oursi-s  in  motion  .ind 
time  study,  factory  layout  and  .-(juip 
mint,  production  m.-magement.  cost 
i-ontrol.  .111(1  industrial  marketing,  as 
well  as  oth.-rs  of  special  ust-fuliuss 
to  students  .  niploy.-d  in  industrial 
org.-iniz.-itions. 

There  .-ire  m.iny  exi-elleiit  advantages 
.-.(-cruiiig  to  the  student  from  |uirsiiing 
these     i-oursi-s.      .-\niong     them     is     the 


.uhii-venu-nt  of  a  broader  and  more 
n-alistie  (dueation  resulting  from  the 
corrt-l.-ition  of  prineiples  learned  in 
(iilh-ge  work  and  personal  partici- 
p.ition  in  their  application  on  a  job. 
The  student  also  lias  the  oiqiortunity 
to  earn  part  of  the  exiienses  of  his 
i-ollege  career  wiiile  getting  experi- 
i-nee  in  his  chosen  field  of  business. 
At  tilt-  end  of  his  college  training, 
he  will  liavt-  tilt-  advantage  of  being 
.-ihh  to  jirt-si-nt  actual  experience  to 
.1  [irospt-ctivt  t-mployer.  Moreover, 
it  is  t-xpeeted  in  many  cases,  he  will 
h.-iM-  found  his  employer  by  the  time 
of  gr.-idu.-ifion.  Hi-  may  reasonably 
expt-et  to  liupt-  for  mort-  rapid  ad- 
v.incemt-nt  in  his  chosen  vocation 
.ifter  graduation  as  a  result  of  this 
t-ombination  of  training  and  business 
t-xperience. 

This  co(>|)erative  |irogram  does  not 
duplie.-ite  .my  other  educational  of- 
fering in  flu  metropolitan  area.  No 
other  eollegt-  is  jiresenting  a  five-year 
eoojierative  eurricul.-i  in  business  ad- 
ministration -md  in  industrial  man- 
-igt-meiit  h -idiiig  to  .1  Bachelor's  de- 
gr(-(-.  In  still  another  way  it  is 
non-(-oinpetiti\  e  in  tli.-it  it  will  be 
t,ikt-ii  adv.int.ige  of  hy  many  who 
iitherwisi-   would    not    go  to   eoUtge. 

.Vrmoiir  Collt-gt-  of  Kngineering 
lias  brought  about  .i  eorrel.-ition  bc- 
fwt-i-n  higher  ediu-.-itinn  and  industry 
in  .1  systt  ni.-itii-  w  .ly  by  its  cooper- 
.■iti\t-  eourse  in  niech.-inieal  engineer- 
ing. Lewis  Institute  of  .\rts  .-ind 
."^i-ienct-s  will  bring  about  the  same 
correlation  between  Iiiglier  education 
,ind  business  through  this  program  as 
st-t  u]).  Tilt  Institute  h.is  long  at- 
tt-mpted  to  St  rve  students  who  found 
it  ntt-t-ss.iry  to  work  and  .-ittend  eol- 
h-ge  on  a  part-time  basis.  It  has 
sought  to  offer  courses  designed  tc 
fit  the  needs  of  this  grouj).  This  co- 
operatiM-  progr.-im  is  felt  to  be  ar 
import.mt  .idvaneenit-nt,  because  il 
(Turn    to    paje   28) 


26 


BLENDED  33  TIMES  TO  MAKE 
ONE  GREAT  BEER! 


It  takes   33    separate   brews    to   put 

such  flavor,  such  smoothness,  such 

unvarying  goodness    into   a    single 

gloss  of  BLUE  RIBBON  ! 

The  finest  coffee  is  hl<'n<li>il  .  .  .  and  S'  s 
tliis  finest  of  beers -VuUl  Blue  Riblmn': 

Try  a  filass  of  Blue  Ril.hon  today.  First 
enjoy  tlie  loiik  of  it  -  the  chirily.  the 
sparkle,  tlie  l)illowy  head.  Then  enjoy 
your  discovery  of  what  heer  flavor  and 
heer  smoothness  can  he! 

In  that  "lass-and  in  every  tiU<-  n(  Bine 


Ribhon  — is  a  hlend  of  ni>t  two.  or  five,  or 
ten  .  .  .  but  3.3  separate  brews  from  33 
separate  kettles. 

And  each  brew  is  as  fine  as  '*6  years  of 
skill,  the  28  Pabst  scientists,  and  Pabst 
ingredients  can  make  il! 

An  expensive  wa)'  to  brewy  <)f  course! 
But  that's  what  makes  Blue  Ribbon 
inieriin's  I'reiniiini  Heer.  with  a  smooth- 
ness that  is  uniiiui-  .  .  .  and  a  L'oodness  that 


Sometime   todav.    h. 
leelin^-  Bhie   Rdibon. 


the    jdeasure   of 


^'^  BLEND  T^izt /^^^^e^  ?^ /f^e^ 


First  in  the  Homes  of 

America  —  and   the  Largest 

Selling  American  Beer  in  th 

Restof  the  World! 


/^ 


Faiist  Blue  Ribbon 


a^u/T^^^fe^ 


Copyrik'hl  H'lll.rabsl  Brcwinc  Company.  Milwaul<e 


COOPERATIVE  CURRICULA 

(From    page    26] 

nut  .MiU  utli  r-  tlu  riiiUMti.iTi.-i!  Mr\ 
Hv  iif  'li.ljiiiiu-  till-  stiui.nt  to  limi 
ai)j)ro|)ri:iti-  iniploynunt.  but  also  as- 
suiius  a  lartri.'  measure  iif  respoiisi- 
liility  Icir  eorrelatilljr  lorinal  eduea 
licin  ill  cDlleiie  witil  tin-  work  of  tile 
student  ill  liis  elioser>  v.u-atioii.  Det' 
mite  attempt-,  will  lu-  iiia<le  to  uiiit\ 
tiles,-  two  factor-,  ill  a  \  ital  wa\  . 
Her.tofore.  to  a  lar-.'  extent,  til. 
school  lias  proxidid  coiir-,es  aOrr  the 
student  lias  found  eiii|iloyineiit 
\\li(dlv  on  liis  own  initiative.  It  is 
Inlieved  that  the  plan  liro\  ides  .1 
snhstantial  h.-isis  for  iir.-idu.-iti  work 
later     for    m.-ijor    1  m  lutix  is. 

KATHRYN    JUDKINS 


.\hmfort   Sliulio 

.\ii  .-ich  isory  eouiu-il  for  the  pro- 
i;r.un  li.as  heen  formed  of  adniinis- 
Ir.itive  otticers  of  the  Illinois  In.sti- 
tute  of  'reelinoloiiy  .and  represcnta- 
ti\ts  of  husiness  and  industry.  The 
olfiei.d  Co  ordinators  in  tile  proj;ram 
are  .Mr.  I,.  ,1.  Lease  and  Miss  Kath- 
ryn  Judkins.  'J'liey  .are  prc))ared  to 
receive  applications  for  admission  to 
til.-  courses.  One-h.ilf  of  those  who 
.ire  aceeptid  will  hei;iii  their  eollei;-e 
work  I'ehru.ary  .'!  in  cl.isses  to  he 
eoiidueted  .at  the  West  .Side  eam|)Us. 
Till-  other  half  will  occupy  their  po- 
sitions   of   employment. 

This  iiroject,  sponsond  hy  tin- 
Illinois  Institute  of  Technology,  eon 
solidatcs  the  resources  of  its  branches 
in  socially  inijiortant  ways.  By  draw- 
insi  j;encrously  upon  the  material,  in- 
structional, .and  administr.-itive  re- 
sources .-iiui  f  .-1  e  i  1  i  t  i  e  s  of  both 
hranelu  s.  it  has  been  found  jjossible 
to  set  up  .111(1  ere;ite  this  eooiierative 
educational     enterprise. 


THE  BOOKSHELF 


By 


ELDER  OLSON  and  JOHN   DE  CICCO 


l.rinst     I  leminu'way's    l;itist    novel.  l.ition    of    critic    .iftcr    critic — Caiiby, 

/or     nhoni     thr     Br'U     Tolls     ( Scrib-  .Vdaiiis,     .Sherwood,     Dorothy     Park.'r, 

711  rs  I.      is     .1      be;iutiful     .-lud      movinji  (ianiiett.    Hansen.    Howard     Muniford 

hook.      -Mr.     Heminicway    li;is    retained  .'ones.     I'.uiim.an.    \'iiieent     .sheeli;in — 

.lud    even    developed    further    his    jrift  .ill    shriekiiii;     'for    .ill    time',    'for    all 

for     \  i\  id     .and     forceful     diction:     lu-  in.ankiiid',      'our      best      writer's      best 


h.as    ext.nded    soniewh.-it    the    r.iuiie    of        book' 


1     wi 


little 


his  eoneiption;  .-ind.  in  short,  lu' 
rem.ains  one  of  the  most  interestinL; 
fiiiures  ill  contemporary  American 
litcraturt  .  .and  this  newest  hook  i- 
worthy  of  him.  One  <-.iii.  indeed,  0111 
!<h,iiil<)  s,iy  all  these  tliini;s  fre<- 
he.artedly  .lud  miiirudiiinji'ly :  but  t( 
s.i\  much  inori'  tli.in  this  is  to  c;iri- 
c.iture.      I      fear,     both      .Mr.      Hemiuu- 


for  .\Ir.  Heminiiw.ay.  .\n  .artistic 
iii.ant  no  doubt  feels  utter  fury  when 
he  is  tre.attd  ,is  a  charminii  ))yinny; 
we  e.in  yet  .1  jirestntiment  of  what 
lie  must  uiideriid  when  we  lie;ir  Heet- 
lio\eii,  for  exam|)le,  spoken  of  ;is 
.1  'c-omjioscr  of  exquisite  b;igatclles' : 
hut  if  there  is  any  worse  anguish 
it    is   that   sutl'ered   by   a   conscientious 


w.iv's     t.ih  lit     .and     his     .leliii  \  emeiit.  minor  artist   whom   excited   critics   are 

Critics     h;i\i\     of     ccmrse,     s.aid     mon  tryiiiit   to    streti-h    to    the    st.-iture    of   a 

th.iii  this.   .\n   oddly   H.amboyant    lold.r  Titan.     .\iid    Mr.    Ilemiiniway    ;.v    cim- 

hefore   nir    tl.-iiints    the    lnsterii-.ll    ,-idii  scic-ntious:    .iiiil    he    is   minor. 


ARMOUR 

RESEARCH 
FOUNDATION 


Founded  to  render  a  re- 
search  and    experimental 
engineering    service    to 
industry 


Thirty-Third,  Federal  &  Dearborn  Sts. 
Victory  6050 


28 


The  first  of  these  two  predications 
is  ohvious  enough ;  the  second  ina y 
demand  some  discussion.  For  IVliont 
the  Bell  Tolls  illustrates  niv  point 
very  nicely.  Tlie  diction  is  that  of  a 
literary  virtuoso  who  can  do  anything' 
in  words;  Mr.  Heminoway  can  con- 
struct a  continent,  an  ocean,  a  sun- 
set, anything  you  want,  practically 
at  a  blow,  practically  with  a  single 
stroke  of  the  pen ;  and  he  can  do 
this  almost  ex  u'lh'ilo.  Most  writers 
can  he  caught  lugging  their  literary 
paraphernalia  onto  and  off  the  stage; 
if  they  make  anything  magical  ha|i- 
pen,  it's  all  done  with  the  aid  of 
mirrors,  and  you  can  see  the  mir- 
rors; the  whole  stage  in  fact  glitters 
with  literary  artifices;  but  Mr.  Hem- 
ingway takes  a  handful  of  plain  Eng- 
lish, gestures,  and  you  have  the  civil 
war  in  Spain,  the  retreat  from  Cap- 
paretto,  or  whatever  the  magician 
desires  you  to   see. 

From  this  standpoint,  there  would 
be  some  sense  in  saying  that  Mr. 
Hemingway  can  write  Tolstoi's  head 
off,  for  the  Russian  is  far  less 
grajihie.  Hut  there  is  a  difficulty. 
When  all  the  decor  is  finished,  when 
the  characters  are  vividly  before  us 
: — vii'idli/  in  a  purely  physical  sense 
I — then  Mr.  Hemingway  can  do  little 
imore ;  the  rest  is  a  commonplace  per- 
formance. In  this  latest  work,  for 
instance,  the  author  employs  an  in- 
tellectual framework  which  is  not  a 
whit  better  than  that  of  any  of  the 
hack  magazine  novels  on  tlic  Ci\  il 
War  in  Spain  or  the  Nazi  revolu- 
Ition  in  Germany :  but  his  amazing 
^stylistic  genius  can  hide  every  weak- 
|ness  and  transform  the  commonplace 
[into  the  miraculous.  You  can  get  an 
idea  of  how  much  de|)ends  upon  dic- 
tion here  by  translating  any  para- 
grajih  into  French,  German,  or  any 
other  language  than  Hemingway's 
English;  the  ett'eet  is  immediately 
Jost. 

As  a  consequence  of  liis  ))riiuary 
weakness  and  streng-th,  Mr.  Heming- 
way's major  characters  in  the  new 
novel,  like  those  in  his  earlier  works, 
remain  abstractions ;  his  minor  char- 
acters, as  always,  are  sharply  and 
il>snlutely  drawn.  His  plot,  as  al- 
ways, is,  like  the  Irishni.-in's  coat. 
1  tissue  of  holes;  his  f))isodes  arr 
nn.i/iiig.  The  wiioK-  always  falls 
^llort  of  jierfection,  the  |)art  always 
lehirves  it;  and  the  achievement  in 
his  new  work  is  so  extraordinary 
li.ct  you  will  read  of  Pilar  and 
I'ablo  —  especially     Pilar's     ajjpalling 

iarr,itiv< and    von    will    wonder    why 

1      .mi      captious      .Mboiit      Maria      and 
Jordan. 

KI.DKK    OI.SOX. 


MatJteniafies  and  The  Imaqinatiou. 
Hy  Edward  Kasner  and  James  Xew- 
man,  with  illustrations  by  Rufus 
Isaacs.  New  York:  Simon  ami  Schus- 
ter,   191.0. 

Edward  Kasner,  Adrian  Professor 
of  Mathematics  at  Columbia  Univer- 
sity, and  James  Newman,  mathemat 
ieal  amateur  (I  use  the  term  in  its 
original  sense),  have  written  a  book 
which  is  outstanding  in  its  gift  for 
simplification.  This  unusual  quality 
of  ex])laining  the  esoteric  concejits 
of  matliematies  in  simple  and  under- 
standable terms  attests  the  ability  of 
.Messrs.    Kasiur  and   Newman. 

Modern  m;ithematics,  far  removed 
from  its  elementary  aspects,  is  here 
displayed  in  the  form  which  best 
reveals  its  beauty  and  simplicity. 
Misty  philosophical  discussions  are 
creditably  avoided.  Instead,  by 
always  clear  and  often  witty  exposi 
tion,  the  authors  lure  their  reader 
through  the  veritable  wonderland 
which   is    modern    mathematics. 

The  nine  chapters  of  Matliematies 
ami  The  I nuu/iiiatian  bring  forw.ard 
understandably  some  of  the  ])roblems 
M-hieb  have  interested  the  Xewtons 
;md  the  I'.ulers  of  our  day.  The 
])aradoxes  of  the  infinite,  expressed 
so  annoyingly  well  by  Zeno  of  Ele.i 
a  few  centuries  B.  C,  and  resolved 
within  our  time,  lead  from  "Beyontl 
the  Googol"  to  the  arithmetic  of 
transfinites.  F'our  dimensional  and 
non-Euclidean  geometries,  a  b  o  u  t 
which  nuich  has  been  written  to  fur- 
ther becloud  a  reader's  mind,  are 
lucidly  treated  in  the  chapter  "As- 
sorted Geometries — Plane  and  I'aniy." 
"Rubber-Sheet  Geometry,  '  w  h  i  e  h 
seriously  jjresents  the  mathematical 
theory  of  eontiinious  transformations, 
is  amusingly  enlivened  by  its  discus- 
sions on  pretzels  and  doughnuts,  and 
its  suggestion  of  removing  your  vest 
withcmt    reuKU  iug  your   coat. 

"Chance  .■uid  C'haHceabilitv.  "  which 
discusses  the  theory  of  probability, 
will  ajjpcal  to  that  large  comiiany 
whose  paramount  concern  may  be  in 
its  application  to  crajjs,  as  well  as 
to  those  interested  in  determining 
their  chance  of  escaping  death  from 
aerial  bombardment.  The  incredit 
•  ible  theorems  of  Hatisdarff  and  Tar- 
ski,  showing  that  the  sun  may  be  so 
divided  and  then  reassembled  so  as 
to  fit  in  our  \rst  ]ioeket.  are  but 
examples  of  the  interesting  subject 
matter  to  be  found  in  "Par.adox  Lost 
,ind  Paradox  Reg.iined."  The  P.ath 
ologie.al  t'urves  of  "Change  and 
"Change.ibility  tlir  Calculus"  wliieli 
lia\  ing  .'in  intinite  length  may  still 
be  dr.-iwii  on  :i  postage  st.im]),  or 
which  e.an  till  a  cubical  box  eom- 
|iletely  serv.'  to  ".  .  .  stand  as  a 
magnilieent     elialleiige    to    imagin.ation 


and     as     a     tribute     to     mathematical 
conception." 

Matliematies  and  The  J maf/iiiatioii 
clearly  reveals  the  beauty  and  ro- 
mance of  modern  mathematics.  This 
discipline  combines  the  exactitude  of 
the  sciences,  the  economy  of  poetry, 
the  counterpoint  of  music  and  the 
significant  form  and  symmetry  of  art. 
This  is  a  book  which  I  commend  to 
the  attention  not  only  of  the  layman 
with  intellectual  curiosity  but  also  to 
the  ])rofessioual   matliematician. 

JOHN    I)E    CICCO. 


A  NEW  TYPE 
OF  ELEVATED  TANK 

Mcidrniisiii.  oi  111  ii>,-  a  mure  exact 
term,  functional  ism.  lias  been  exploited  to 
the  utmost  in  this  m;\\  elevated  tank  with 
a  capacity  of  100,000  .nals.  at  Longmont, 
Co!.  The  usual  tower,  consisting  of  four 
nr  six  posts  made  of  structural  members, 
has  liecn  replaced  hy  a  vertical  shaft  of 
welded  steel  whicli  is  supported  by  a 
'onical  h;ise.  Tlie  storage  space  is 
spherical  in  order  to  concentrate  all  the 
loads  at  the  center.  Thus  the  elements 
I  if  the  structure  have  been  reduced  to  two, 
namely  a  sphere  and  a  pedestal.  This 
tank   is   elevated   lii)  ft.  ahove  the  .grouiul. 

The  foundation  for  this  type  of  tank  is 
iU'^iu:ned  not  only  for  the  vertical  load  hut 
.iUm  to  withstand  any  overturning  mo- 
nunlv  The  base  of  the  tank  is  solidly  con- 
iKcted  to  the  foundation  by  anchor  bolts 
.1^  shown  in  the  picture.  Hecause  of  this, 
tile  tank  and  its  foundation  react  to  wind 
Iciatls  as  a  unit. 

The  Chicago  Dridge  and  Iron  Com- 
]iaiiy  built  this  tank  and  several  others 
Iil<e   it.    u-ini:    butt -welding   throughout. 


29 


ILLINOIS  TECH 
RELAY  GAMES 

lllill<>i^  Institute  of  'I'lc'liiiologv 
will  coiitinuf  iindi-r  tlic  auspicts  ol 
till-  Illinois  Toc'Ii  Stuiltiit  Association 
tiK-  famous  ARMOL'H  TKCH  HK 
I. AYS  (iAMKS  Ix-iiii  l.y  Aniioiii- 
Instituti-  of  Ti'clmoloiiv  in  tin-  s|irinii 
of  1!)-_'S.  In  tiir  fntniT.  the  (ianirs 
will  l.f  known  as  THK  ILLINOIS 
TKCH  RELAYS,  but  foi-  tin-  pr.  Mi.t 
it  is  nt'CfSsary  to  refir  dinitly  to  tin 
founder  organization  so  as  to  adc 
quatily  tit-in  tlu-  l)aL'k<i;round  and 
rt-putation   of   tlust-    famous   games. 

In  till-  s])rinii;  of  19H — on  Satur- 
day aftirnoon  and  evening,  March 
15 — the  l.'JtIi  annual  Games  will  be 
held.  The  location  again  will  be  the 
well-known  University  of  Chicago 
field  house,  reputed  to  have  the  fast- 
est indoor  track  in  the  world.  The 
management  of  the  Games  will  be 
under  the  direction  of  the  same  com- 
mittee of  veterans,  with  John  Schom- 
mer,  director  of  athletics  and  ))opular 
Big  Ten  official,  as  chairman.  The 
committee,  in  all,  consists  of  George 
S.  Allison,  treasurer  of  the  Institute, 
Norman  Root,  track  coach,  and  Alex- 
ander Schreiber,  public  relations  of- 
ficer. 

Recognized  as  the  outstanding  track 
and  field  meet  of  the  middle  west,  the 
19H  Games  will  again  feature  events 
designed  to  afford  the  best  of  com- 
petition to  both  the  university  class 
of  athletic  teams  and  those  of  the  col- 
lege class.  One  feature  will  bring 
together  in  a  matched  event  selected 
athletes  who  an-  sjjecialists  in  one 
[larticul.'ir   tield. 

It  is  the  desire  of  the  conunittee 
in  charge  to  create  as  much  interest 
as  possible  in  tlic  liltl  Games  on  the 
part  of  alumni  of  both  Armour  Insti- 
tute of  Technology  and  Lewis  Insti- 
tute. In  ])revious  years,  there  has 
li(  III  a  (iisapi)ointing  lack  of  alumni 
n  pri  siiitation  at  the  games.  While  it 
is  recognized  that  many  an  alumnus 
cannot  [jossibly  attend  because  of  resi- 
dence many  niilis  distant  from  Chi- 
cago, it  is  lio))ed  that  the  ahnnni  liv- 
ing in  Chicago  and  its  suburbs  will 
find  it  eonvrnient  to  make  early  reser- 
vations for  till-   19  H  Games. 

All  alumni  will  receive  from  the 
committee  advance  information  .about 
the  Games  and  the  features  plaimiil. 
In  addition,  machinery  will  br  pro 
vided  wlierebv'  the  alumni  will  br  .ibli 
to  make  reservations  well  in  aiUanec 
of  Marcli  15,  .and  thus  .issure  them- 
selves   of   good    se.-its. 

(Turn   to   page   32) 


METALLUR6Y 


is  significant 


In  metallurgical  laboratory  equipment, 
the  A-B  hallmark  signifies  the  finest  of 
equipment    obtainable. 

When  you  seek  the  right  apparatus, 
coupled  with  unbiased  recommendations, 
let  us  show  you  how  well  we  can  serve 
the  metallurgical  technician. 

ILLINOIS  INSTITUTE  is  one  of  the 
many  progressive  institutions  which  use 
A-B  equipment  and  service. 

Write  for  your  copy  of  "THE  METAL 
ANALYST",  a  new  100  page  handbook 
of  metallurgical  laboratory  equipment 
and  an  index  to  new  technical  literature. 


Cutters  and  Grinders  •  Specimen  Mount  Presses  • 
Straight  line  Grinders  •  Transoptic  Mountings  •  Paper 
Disc  Grinders  •  Specimen  Storage  Cabinets  •  High 
Speed  Polishers  •  Polishing  Stands  •  Microscopes 
of  Every  Description 


OPTICAL  INSTRUMENTS  •  METALLURGICAL  APPARATUS 
228     NORTH    LA    SALLE     ST.  •  •     CHICAGO      ILL. 


30 


PLACEMENT  NEWS 

With 

A    MERRY   CHRISTMAS 

On  .hiiif  12,  lilU,  more  than  two 
liuudrL-d  Miiiors  will  receive  their 
Bachelor's  Degree,  about  twenty  their 
Master's  Degree,  and  five  will  receive 
the  Doctorate.  In  addition,  fifty- 
eight  "Co-ops"  will  receive  their  B.  S. 
in  Meclianical  Engineering  this  com- 
ing .January  29.  This  will  he  the 
largest  group  of  students  receiving 
their  degrees  that  ever  left  the  door 
of  "The  Tech"  at  graduation  time. 

These  young  lads  on  graduation 
should  be  placed  quickly  if  the  na- 
tional preparedness  program  keeps  up 
its  pace  with  the  demand  for  engi- 
neers. It  was  not  long  ago  that  the 
doctrine  of  technocracy  filled  with 
alarm  many  of  tiiose  engaged  in  the 
engineering  professions,  for  fear  the 
market  for  technically  trained  men 
was  vastly  oversupplied.  Now  the 
demand  for  engineers  is  unprece- 
dented and  this  office  has  had  hun- 
dreds of  jobs  it  could  not  fill.  An 
urgent  cry  has  gone  out  for  Mechan- 
ical, f^lectrical,  Civil  and  Metallur- 
gical engineers,  in  the  order  given. 
The  greatest  demand  by  far  has  been 
for  Mechanical  Engineers. 

A    gratifying    turn    of    events    has 
been   the   demand   for   engineers   from 
;  thirty-five  to  fifty  years  of  age,  with 
experience    that    would    fit    them    for 
managerial  positions,  production  engi- 
neers,   chief    engineers,    superintend- 
ents,  plant   engineers   and  executives. 
Many  firms    are   enticing  experienced 
I  men    away    from   their   .jobs    in    other 
[  concerns    by   the    lure    of   greatly    in- 
1  creased    wages.     In    many    instances. 
I  firms    are    hiking   the    wages    of   their 
key  men  to  prevent  their  loss  to  steel 
mills,    aeroj)lane    manufacturers,    and 
to  |)lants   making  munitions   or   acces- 
sories needed  for  the  national  defense 
program.    The  scale  of  wages  appears 
to   111-    upward    and    violently    upward 
liir    many    specialized    endeavors     for 
several  years  to  come. 

The  many  requests  for  young  en- 
gineers are  chiefly  ones  demanding 
drafting,  time  and  motion,  produc- 
tion, wage  incentive,  and  structural 
■itul  nvachine  design  experience.  In 
lii'iii  I  was  pleased  to  obtain  a  re 
([Ucst  to  send  one  engineer  to  .i 
pros|)eetive  joli,  and  now  the  re- 
quests frequintly  are  for  from  ^ix 
to  a  dozen  men.  Several  of  the 
large  aeroplane  manufacturers  h.nr 
asked  for  men  skilled  in  aeroplane 
design.  When  1  .-isked,  "How  many?" 
their  retort  w;is,  "We  will  take  hun- 
ilrrds    if    vou    have     them     available." 


FIRST  AID  IN  THE  FIELD 

Some  day,  when  you  are  in  industry,  things 
may  go  badly  because  a  tap,  a  die,  a  twist 
drill,  a  reamer  or  a  gage  isn't  doing  the  work 
it  should. 

If  such  a  day  comes  to  you,  remember  this: 
G.T.D.  Greenfield,  the  world's  largest  manu- 
facturer of  threading  tools  maintains  a  force 
of  some  40  experienced  field  engineers  tor 
just  such  days.  A  call  for  tJie  "Greenfield" 
man  will  always  help. 

GREENFIELD  TAP  &  DIE  CORPORATION 

GREENFIELD,    MASS. 


T«PS    ■    DIES    ■    CAGES 


REAMERS    ■    SCREW  PIATES    •    PIPE   TOOLS 


It  is  lioi)ed  by  this  ilepartment 
that  you  alumni  are  all  on  the  high- 
way of  success.  If  there  is  anything 
it  can  do  to  aid  you.  be  sure  to  call 
on  it  for  service.  Help  !  Help  !  Help  ! 

I  wisii  to  thank  those  ahnnni  who 
h.ive  res|)onded  to  the  cry,  and  to 
remind  those  who  haven't  tliat  "Hell 
is    paved    with    good    intentions." 

The  Dej);irtment  wishes  you  a 
Merry  Ciiristmas  and  ,i  Happy  New 
Year  full  of  Happy  Hours,  Health, 
Peaie    and    Prosperity. 

,IOHX    ,1.    .SCHOMMIR. 

Director    of    Pi.iernicnt. 


er.il  "n.inir  li.inds"  ,ire  under  eon- 
siiK'ration.  .Vrmonr  alumni  as  well 
as  undergratiu.ites  .in-  cordially  in- 
".  ited  to  attentl  and  enjov  an  evi- 
ning  of  fun  ;ind  frolic.  .\s  in  pre- 
vious years,  liids  will  he  •"^.'i..")!)  pi'r 
c'ouple. 

Tlie    dinner    to    he    serKe.l    will     de- 
light   the    he;irt    of    .-in     Kpiein-ean: 

I- riiit    Cup     1' lorid.i 


Cle.ir    Beef    Consomme 

lumbo   Mixed   Ol 


•rv  Hearts 


JUNIOR   FORMAL 


Th 


1'  orm;i 


of    th.-    s,.eial 


,    ni.-iior     1 
.f     Illinois 


stitute  of  Technology,  will  l,r  lirld 
m  February  -.'.S.  lull,  at  the  Clii- 
-.-igo  Tower's  Cluh.  ")().->  North  Mich 
g.-m  .\venne.  Tlu-  ori'liestr;i  has  luit 
leen     ih-i'ided     uikol     as     vit.    hnt     se\ 


I'ilet    Mignon    with    I'resh    Mushrooms 
I'nsh     (iard.n     Peas 

.StutVed      M.iked      Potatoes 

Cliefs     .'^alad     from     th,      I'.owl 

Irn/en    laver  Cake  I.  I.  T. 


Coffe 


31 


l.JIII    \NM  Al.   llllNOls    ||;(||    1{\:\.S.\    (.AMES 

tOrnu-rly  Aniioiir    lit  It    lifhiy  (,(iinis 

Saliir.la>    Evi-nii.;:.    M.ir.l.    IV    I'UI      7  :(ili    I'.    \1. 

I  iii\.-i-il>    <>l    (  hii.i^.p    I  i.'M    Hon-.' 

'.(.Ill    Slii-.l    ^     I  ni\.i-il%      \\.-nu.' 


The   Outstanding    Indoor 
Track   and    Field    Meet   of  the   Midwest. 


I'or    l{<--.fr\  iilioii- 

PHK  COMMI  riKK   IN  CHVRCJK 

ILLINOIS  TKCU  RKI.WS 

Illinois  Iiistimie  t.f  T.Mliiinlop% 
.\Mm   Feilt-ral   Slreol.   Chirac.. 


32 


MIDWEST 

POWER 

CONFERENCE 

1941 


The  19  tl  iiicctiiii.-  ,,f  thr  Mi.luTst 
Power  Conference  will  he  lulj  on 
Wednesday  and  Thursday.  A])ril  9- 
10,  at  the  Palmer  House.  Cliieayo. 
This  Conference  is  s])onsiired  an- 
nually by  the  Illinois  Institute  of 
Technology  with  the  cooperation  of 
seven  otlier  midwestern  universities 
and  collea;es  and  the  local  sections  of 
the  Founder  and  other  eniiincerini; 
societies.  The  Conference  is  enter- 
ing its  fourth  year  under  tiie  present 
sponsorshij). 

The  purpose  of  the  Midwest 
Power  Conference  has  been  estah- 
lislied  as  that  of  offering  an  oppor- 
tunity for  all  ])ersons  interested  in 
poMcr  production,  transmission,  or 
.'onsuni])tion  to  meet  togetlier  annn- 
illy  for  the  study  of  nuitual  ])roli- 
lems,  free  from  the  restrictions  of 
.'equired  raembershijis  in  tcclmic-il  or 
iocial  organizations.  It  is  felt  that 
icademic  sponsorship  of  a  conference 
aermits  the  freest  possible  discussion 
ranging  from  the  technical  throuirli 
the  economic  and  into  the  social  as- 
bects  of  the  subject. 

!T!ie  tentative  program  of  the  19  1 1 
aeeting,  as  outlined  by  the  dircc- 
orate  of  the  Conference,  includes 
essions  on  Central  Station  Practice. 
jJtationary  Prime  Movers  and  Plant 
iVuxiliaries.  Hydro  Power,  Electric 
,  ower  Transmission  and  Distribu- 
■ion.  Feedwater  Treatment,  and  In 
lustrial  Power  Plants.  Among  the 
proposed  papers  for  the  various  ses- 
iions  are  the  following:  Survey  of 
Stationary  Power  Facilities  from  the 
i5tandpoint  of  Defense,  .V  Resume  of 
i'resent  Day  Power  Trends,  Forced 
irculation  in  American  Power  Plant 
'ractice.     Modern      Steam     Turbine 


MODERN  CUTTERS 
for  Every  Job    w 


Brown  &  Sharpe 
Cutters 


Design.  Variable  Speed  Drives  for 
Plant  Auxiliaries.  Hydro  Power  and 
the  National  F.mcrgencv.  Reestablish- 
meiit  of  Cable  Connnunication,  Ap- 
plication of  Recording  Meters  and 
Kciuijinicnt,  Some  Problems  in  Power 
System  Stability,  Increasing  Power 
Production  with  Present  Boiler 
Facilities,  and  Interchange  Contracts 
between  Industrial  Plants  and  I'til- 
ities.  The  tentative  ]M-ogr.im  also 
consists  of  joint  luncheons  with  the 
Chicago  Sections  of  the  .\meriean 
Soi'icty  of  Mechanii'.al  Kngiiiecrs  and 
.\mcrican  Institute  of  Klcctrical  F.n 
ginccrs.  an  All-Knginecrs'  Dinner,  an 
Inspection   Trip,    and    a    .Smoker. 

Till'  Nation's  j)ower  problems  are 
of  \ital  import.-iner  in  this  d,i\  of 
industrial  mobilization  .-nul  national 
emergency.  The  sjioiisors  of  the 
Conference  extend  to  all  who  are 
interested  in  such  |)roblinis  a  cordial 
invitation.  The  Preliminary  Program 
will  be  forthcoming  in  a  subsequent 
issue  of  the  Armour  l\  iif//iirrr  ami 
.11  limn  !,.•<. 

Intiuirics  in  regard  to  the  Confir- 
ence  m.iy  be  addressed  to  either 
."^tanton  F.  Winston.  Conference 
Director,  or  Ch.arlcs  N.  Nash,  Con- 
ference .Secretary,  in  care  of  tlie 
Illinois  Instituti-  of  Technology, 
••i.iOO    Federal    Street,    Chicago,    111. 


'AInor"  Surface  Temperature 
Pyrometers 


Kveiy  maiiufuiiunT  of  fiiriiaces.  ovens,  kilns, 
refractories,  insulation,  glass,  ceramics  anil 
other  products  as  well  ,ls  lalwratorics,  consult- 
in?  encineers  and  others,  should  have  this 
pyrometer,    known    as    the    ".Mnor"    Pyrocon. 

With  its  variety  of  inlerehanKeable  themio 
.  .luples  it  is  a  most  versatile  and  handy  instni- 
nient  for  all  surface  temperature  applications 
such  a.s  molds,  platens,  plates,  rolls,  cylinders 
.ir.d   similar  siirlaces. 


Kasv 
I.riced. 


e.     direct     reading,     mixlerately 


ll"ri(.>    f.,r   KiilUlin    1T2T-C 

ILLINOIS  TESTING  LABORATORIES,  Inc. 

IK.  W.  Ilul.l..u,l  -ir,-,i         (  i„,,,,„.  IlluK 


33 


FROM  YEAR  TO  YEAR 

A  RECORD  OF  ARMOUR  ALUMNI 
AROUND  THE  WORLD 


A.  H.  JENS,  '31 


MAN   OF  THE   MONTH 

NoiuiM.ition  fur  M.ui  of  tlir  Month 
of  tlif  Armour  Ahmini  Assoi-iatioii 
siofs  without  ()iustion  to  Clinton  K. 
StryktT.  a  nu'inber  of  tlu-  class  ot 
1917  in  the  department  of  tlectriial 
tngint'erino;.  ^Ir.  Stryker  recently 
was  made  vice-president  and  assistant 
to  the  president  of  the  NordberL; 
Manufacturins  Company  of  Mil 
waukee.  Wisconsin.  He  was  formerly 
a  jiartncr  in  MeKinsey.  Kearney  (S: 
Com])aiiy.  manairenient  eonsultants  in 
C'hicaiio. 

After  Stryker  was  graduated  from 
Armour,  he  joined  the  enjiineerinii 
start  of  the  Commonwealth  Edison 
Company  of  Chieasio  as  testing  engi- 
neer. He  returned  to  Armour 
in  1920,  and  became  successively  in- 
structor and  assistant  professor  in  tlu 
department  of  electrical  engineering. 
In  192  K  tlie  year  when  he  left  the 
Institute.  Stryker  received  from  his 
Alma  Mater  the  professional  degree 
of  Electrical  Engineer.  During  this 
period,  he  served  as  chief  engineer  for 
the  Ozone  Pure  .Vrifier  Company,  and 
as  electrical  engineer  on  the  staff  of 
Underwriters'  I.aboratoric  ^. 

In  ]92;i,  in  addition  to  his  m.inv 
other  duties,  he  did  work  for  the  I'.in- 
steel  Metallurgical  Corpor.ition  of 
North  Chicago.  (ir.iilu.illv  se\(ring 
all  other  connections,  he  worked  into 
the  Fanste<l  organization.  Here  he 
served  sue<-cssivel_v  as  electrical  engi- 
neer, manager  of  the  railway  and  in 
dustrial  division,  and  then  as  viei 
president  and  gener.al  man;iger  of  the 
Ramet  Corporation  of  .\merica,  a  sub- 
sidiary of  the  Fansteel  organization. 
He  finally  became  chief  engineer  of 
all   Eanstecl's  operations. 

.Stryker's  greatest  interest  always 
has  been  in  scientific  man.iLCi-ment. 
especially  in  organization  |)roblems. 
This  interest  led  him  into  a  jiartner 
shi|)  in  MeKinsey.  Wellington  &  Com 
pany.  which  later  became    MeKinsey. 


Kearney  &  Company.  His  duties  in 
eluded  management  and  engineering 
service  in  market  investigation,  organ 
ization  ;ind  management  studies,  and 
financial  and  general  business  surveys. 
He  travelled  a  wide  area  around  Chi 
(■ago.  wherein  one  of  his  clients  wa^ 
the  N'ordberg  Manufacturing  Com 
p.-mv.  In  his  capacity  as  mati.igemeiit 
iiiiisult.int.  he  .attracted  the  attention 
of  the  Nordberg  Comjiany.  and  subsi 
([uently  was  selected  by  the  company 
to  carry  cnit  one  of  thi'  reeonum-nda 
tions   he   h.id   made   to   it. 

In  ahunni  affairs.  .Strvker  has  been 
very  active.  During  1922  and  192.'! 
he  served  as  .secretary-treasurer  of 
th<-  Alumni  Association.  He  has  been 
a  member  of  the  ,\dvisory  Board  since 
shortly  after  its  formation,  .and  of  tin- 
Hoard  of  Managers  since  19:51.  He 
was  nominated  in  .'unc.  I9.'i<i.  for 
.\lumni  Trustee. 

.\mong  im|)ortant  contributions  to 
industry  made  by  .Stryker  is  the  di' 
vclopment  and  promotion  of  the  use 
of      Balkitc      rectifiers      and     battery 


THE  JACKSON  V.  PARKER  MEM- 
ORIAL   COLLECTION 

Our   l)ei)artnunt   of    I'ire   Protection 
Engineering,  beginning  with  its  estab- 
lishment    in     190:i,     had    ))artieularly 
frien<lly    relations    with    Mr.    Jackson  , 
\'.    Parker.    Manager    of    the    Western  i 
.\etu.irial    Bureau.      From    1920    until  i 
his  (hath  in  Octobr.  19.'f(5.  Mr.  Parker 
w.is     Chairman     of     the     Scholarship  | 
Committee,  through  which  the  capital  i 
stock   fire   insurance   companies   main- 
tain   a    system    of    four-year    scholar- 
ships in  the  De|)artment.     (The  pres- 
I  nt  Chairman  of  the  Committee  is  Mr, 
R.    M.    Beekwith.l 

.\  Large  number  of  graduates  of  the 
DeiKirtment,  both  scholarshij)  .and 
non-scholarship  men.  have  had  numer- 
ous contacts  with  Mr.  Parker,  and  he 
enjoyed  the  respect  and  afTeetion  of 
all'  of  them. 

Mr.  Parker's  sister.  Miss  Frances 
P.  Parker  of  Newport,  Minnesota,  has 
established  in  our  library  an  endowed 
collection  as  a  memorial  to  her 
brother.  The  income  from  the  endow- 
ment fund  is  to  be  used  for  the  pur- 
chase of  books,  pamphlets,  reports,, 
ch.irts.  periodicals,  and  other  ]nibliea- 
tions  relating  to  insuraiu-e  and  fire 
protection  engineering  and  to  allied 
subjects.  Miss  Parker  is  also  |)rovid- 
ing  a  book  pl.ite,  replicas  of  which 
will  be  used  to  identify  books  and 
other  jjublications  in  the  collection, 
.111(1  she  is  further  jiroviding  ;i  bronz 
plate  to  identify  the  eolleetion  as  a 
whole. 

Mr.  P.arkcr's  friends  will  recognize 
th.at  there  is  no  form  of  memorial 
which  W(nild  li.i\c  pleased  him  more. 

eh.argers  for  r.iilw.iy  sign.al  .and  tele 
gr,ii)li  service.  \  member  of  ?>ta 
Kaiijia  Nu  and  Theta  Xi,  Stryker  alsc 
is  I'ellow  of  the  .\nierican  Institutt 
of  Electrical  Engineers,  and  mcmbei 
of  the  Society  of  .Vutomotive  Engi 
neers. 


34 


SCHOMMER 

Among  the  lii-st  jobs  of  jjublit-izing 
Illinois  Institute  and  the  virtues  of 
its  graduates  is  that  done  by  John 
Schommer,  formerly  President  of  the 
Alumni  Association,  and  now  Director 
of  the  Placement  Department.  Dur- 
ing the  past  5'ear,  John  appeared  be- 
fore fift3'-two  separate  groups.  He 
spoke  on  engineering,  athletics,  and 
placement  problems,  in  each  case 
adapting  his  address  to  the  particular 
audience. 

On  several  occasions,  the  immedi- 
ate audience  numbered  more  than  a 
thousand.  At  the  Alumni  Banquet  of 
all  colleges  at  the  Morrison  Hotel  on 
October  23.  1939,  aproximately  eleven 
hundred  were  in  attendance.  The 
dinner  of  the  Public  Service  Company 
of  Northern  Illinois  drew  more  than 
twelve  hundred.  In  addition  to  these 
addresses,  Schommer  met  with  Ar- 
mour Alumni  Clubs  at  Columbus. 
Detroit.  Minneapolis,  and  New  York, 
and  appeared  on  numerous  radio 
broadcasts.  Equally  important  arc 
the  personal  interviews  bj-  which  John 


has  paved  the  way  for  many  exi'ellent 
contacts  for  gr.■l(lu,■^te^  ai  Illinois  In- 
stitute. 

MANAGERS    COMMITTEES 

Alumni  President  J.  \\'arren  Mc 
Caii'rey  announces  the  appointment  of 
the  following  conunittee  chairmen, 
each  of  whom  is  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Managers: 

Placement,  ,)olin  ,1.  .Schommer: 
Alumni  Relations,  Arthur  H.  Jens: 
Alumni  Awards,  \\illiam  ¥.  .Sims: 
Luncheons,  Louis  .1.  Byrne;  Consti- 
tution, Edward  F.  Pohlmann;  Fi- 
nance, Claude  A.  Kneupfer;  Banquet. 
Eugene  Voita;  Publicity,  Richard  N". 
Vandekieft;  Fund-Raising,  Clinton  E. 
Stryker  and  Stanley   M.   Lind. 

It  is  the  intention  of  the  Alumni 
President  that  the  aliove  committees 
be  increased  to  three  or  four  members 
by  men  from  the  ai'tive  .\lumni  As- 
sociation. If  yon  have  a  desire  to 
serve  on  any  of  the  above  counnittees. 
it  is  sugested  that  you  write  directly 
to  Alumni  Secretary  W.  \.  .Setterberg 
at  3300  Federal  Street,  stating  your 
preference. 


1898 

1'ai-i.:-n,  CiidHGE  H..  K.E.,  is  with  the 
t'liattanouga  Medicine  Company,  .St.  Klino 
Station,  Chattanooga,  Tennessee.  He  re- 
cently moved  to  Riverview,  Chatanooga, 
Tennessee. 

1907 

KoKIIMtR,     AleX.\NUKR     Hh.NKV,     .M.K.,     i> 

a  Development  Engineer  for  the  Teletype 
Corp.,  li(JO  Wrightwood  Avenue,  Chicago, 
and  now  resides  at  -124-  Fairview  .\venue, 
I'ark   Hidge,   Illinois. 


1908 


CcKRix,  Jamks.  C.E.,  is  employed  .i 
\"illagc  Hall,  Western  .Springs,  Illinol: 
His  home  address  is  loSb  I. awn  .\venui 
Western  Springs,  Illinois. 


1909 


^'orXOBKRO,      Harhv      \ 

living    at    :JUt     Hillside 
New  .lersev. 


C.E..    is    now 
cnlle,     Nlltlev, 


1912 


.SciiOMMKR,  Jonx  J.,  Ch.E.,  I'rofessor  of 
Industrial  Chemistry,  Director  of  Place- 
ment and  Director  of  Physical  Education 
at  Illinois  Institute  of  Technology,  is  now- 
residing  at    121   Melrose  Avenue,  Chicago. 

1914 

BlRXH.VM.  Clikforu  I.IsTOX,  E.E.,  whci 
is  President  of  Pal-Verd,  Inc.,  20  North 
Waeker  Drive,  Chicago,  is  also  Colonel, 
Field  Artillerv  Reserve,  Commanding 
Kl+th   F..\. 


MADE  TO  SOLVE 


On  countless  tough  jobs 
GATKE  Fabric  Bearing  Perform- 
ance approaches  the  incredible. 
Twenty  times  longer  service. 
65%  reduction  in  friction. 
Successful  operation  where 
adequate  lubrication  of  metal 
bearings  is  impossible  —  and 
under  shock  loads  that  fatigue 
metal  bearings.  Journal  scoring 
eliminated. 

GATKE  Bearing  accomplish- 
ments are  no  more  phenomenal 
than  the  bearings  themselves. 
There  is  no  other  bearing  like 
them.  They  afford  wonderful 
opportunity  for  improvement 
that  every  man  who  operates, 
designs,  or  makes  machinery 
should  know  about. 
Write  for  literature. 


Sojlkev'.^'.','^  liearJHjqA 


GATKE   CORPOHATIOM     228  N.  LoSoUe  SL,     CHICAGO,  ILL 


J  1  long  expe- 

and  skill  in  developing 
and  manufacturing  parts  like 
these,  to  accomplish  the  re- 
sults you  are  after  in  those 
various  design  and  production 
problems. 


M  •  D  •  Hubbard  Spring  Company 


263  Central  Ave..  Pontiac.  Mich. 


35 


1915 

t  HAM.  n.Mi.N  A..  l.K..  is  tl.r  ,.«n.-r 
i>f  till-  Hardware  I'lunihing  and  Heating 
Cii..  Siiiitli  SiiiiiN  C'itv,  Nebraska. 

HimiARi).  I.i.wis  Kdwi.v.  M.K..  is  em- 
ployed 1)V  CarliDnite  Metal  Coni|iaM\  as 
Safes  Engineer.  2-'i  \V.  North  Hank  Drive. 
t'hieago.  He  is  now  residing  at  liiTls  S. 
t'liureli  Street.  Chicago. 

1917 

CoNWAV.  Kbank  .losKl'll.  I'M'.K..  is  a 
l'l)iing  Kngineer  for  the  farrier  Constnie- 
tioM  Coriioration.  .Merchandise  Mart.  Chi- 
cago. His  home  is  71.')  .\sliland  .\venue. 
Itiver    Korest.    Illinois. 

Kri.A.  .Ittsri'ii  .Stan  isi.\rs,  K.P.I-'...  is 
with  Marsh  and  M.-l  enii.ni.  Hit  W.  .lack- 
son  Blvd..  Chicago.  He  is  now  living  .it 
r,li.m    Ni-va    .\venne.    Chic.i:;o. 

1918 

Hii.iixuKH.  Oka  -Mikii.  K.K..  is  Man- 
ager of  Tra[ist'ornicr  Sales  of  the  line 
-Material  Coni|..inv  .if  /.aiiesv  ille.  Ohio. 
He  is  residinjr  .it':!!  liiillitt  Park  I'l.ice. 
ISexlcy.    Ohio. 

1919 

Ci.AHK.  Ci.AHixd:  Bk.nso.n.  Ch.E.,  em 
))loyed  with  the  Corn  Products  Ketining 
Coinpanv  of  .\rgo.  lllitniis,  has  recentl> 
moved  to  S  Washington  .\venue.  nowners 
Clove.    Illinois. 

1920 

Da.nhikth.  S.  CiiisTKK.  .\rch..  is  in 
l>nsiin-ss  for  himself  at  I'll  West  Wacker 
Drive,  Chicago.  He  lives  at  422  \"ine 
.\venne.    Park    Kidge.   Illinois. 

1921 

Nkdved.  RiiHiivu  .IvMKs.  .\rcli..  is  an 
.\rchitect  for  V.  S.  HousinL'  .\nthoritv. 
I()13  Riggs  Place.  N.  W..  Washingtoii. 
n.  C.  He  has  recently  moved  to  t:il!l 
2nd  Road,  No.,  Arlington,  Virginia. 

Zemkl.  .\rtih  r  William.  .M.E..  is 
proud  to  announce  the  arrival  on  Se|item- 
her  Jfith.  llUn.  of  .in  i-ight  pound  haliy 
girl  at  the  /.emke  household.  The  family 
is  now  living  in  their  own  home  at  .'il(i!i 
N.    TTth   Court.    Klmwood    Park.    Illinois. 

1922 

Davis.  .Vllrku  .\.,  Ch.E.,  is  with  the 
Thomas  Moulding  Floor  Company.  1().5  \V. 
Wacker  Drive,  ChicagiL  He  has  recently 
moved   to   4-.')4.5    Heacon    .Street,   Chicago. 

(ioonxow.  EnwARi)  .\xthoxy.  E.E..  is 
emploved  with  the  Dearhorn  Chemical 
Co.,  a't  :iIO  S.  Miehig.in  .\veniie.  Cliica;;ii. 
He  is  now  living  at  TTliM  N.  Ilerniitagc 
.Avenue,  Chicago. 

1923 

Coi.HV.  DoSAiii  C..  K.E..  who  is  a  I.iil.ri- 
eation  Engineer  for  the  Texas  Conijian\ . 
■i»'>2  Archer  .\venue,  ha.s  recentiv  moved 
to  (>T.n  .TefTerv  Avenue,  Cliicairo. '  He  was 
admitted  to  practice  law  in  Deeeinlier. 
19:J9. 

(ioLT>STi:iN.  .Ilro.ml.  .^1.I^..  is  President 
of  the  Power  Construction  Cmnpain.  2I_' 
.S.  .Marion.  Oak  Park,  Illinois.  He  has 
recently  moved  to  91-5  .\shland  Avenue. 
Wilmette.    Illinois. 

.hssL.v.  Roy  PAri,.  M.E..  wa.s  recently 
aii|iointed  S|)eeial  .\gent  for  the  I'ircman's 
Fund  Insurance  Cos.  for  Detroit  and 
Wavne  County. 

LVc.vs,  .Iost;i-n  V..  M.E..  who  is  .Vssist.iiit 
.Suiu-rintendenl  of  the  Special  Hazard 
Department  of  Hartford  Eire  Insurance 
Company,  110  N.  Michigan  .\venue.  Clii- 
<-ago,  is  now  living  at  HVH)  Calumet 
.\venne.  Chicago. 

1924 

Blnm  1  I.  PiKcivvi  .\..  E.E..  is  emploved 
with      the      Pul.lic      Service      Company  '  of 


Norliierii  Illinois,  l.-)!)tli  &  Eisk  Streets, 
ll.irvey,  Illinois.  He  ha.s  recently  changed 
his  aiidress  to  (iOS  .ird  .\venue.  Joliet. 
Illinois. 

(  ooi'LH.  .Maillami  IIl.nrv.  E.P.K.,  is  in 
the  gcner.il  insurance  and  real  estate  busi- 
ness for  himself  at  20.">  Second  .\veiiue. 
Ottaw.i,  Illinois,  and  still  resides  ,it  .'riL'T 
E.isl     Prospect    .\veiiue,    Ottawa. 

Nlw.man,  ALLX.yxnLH  I.,  .M.E.,  is  Vice- 
President  of  the  Precision  Scientific  Com- 
pany of  Chicago.  He  is  staying  at  the 
tiraemere   Hotel,  Chicago. 

RiciiAHiiso.v,  DoxALn  E.,  E.E.,  who  is 
.\ssociate  Professor  of  Electrical  Engi- 
neeriiiL'  at  Illinois  Institute  of  Technology, 
lias  inoM-d  to  slKi  Chaniplain  .\  venue, 
Chicago. 

.SisTAK.  KiiWAKn.  h.P.E.,  is  now  working 
for  the  Missouri  Ins|ieetioii  Hiireau  as 
Eire  Insurance  Inspector,  Pi.'5ll  I'ierce 
Bhlg.,  St.  Isolds,  Missouri.  His  residence 
is    7(1(10   Stanford,   St.   I.ouis.   .Mo. 

TiioLLKLKL,  I  oris  C..  E.P.E.,  who  is 
with  the  Norwich  I'liion  Eire  Insurance 
.Society,  Ltd.,  17.5  \V.  .laekson  Blvd..  Chi- 
eai;o,  is  now  living  at  1501  Central  .Vvenue. 
Chicago. 

1925 

(  ins.  HiKBiHT  II..  E.E..  has  been 
working  as  an  engineer  for  the  Hygrade 
.Svlvaiiia  Corporation,  l.oring  .\venue, 
Salem,  Mass.  He  is  residing  at  :!7  Lafay- 
ette Place,  Salem,  .Mass. 

Nkhved.  Euzabeth  Kiaibaii.  .\rcli.,  who 
is  a  Water  Colorist  and  Architect,  is  now- 
living  at  Wl!l  Jnd  lid..  No.,  .\rlington. 
X'irginia. 

1926 

Dn.N.    WiiiiA.M    .\..    .Ir..    E.E..    who    is 

,111  Electrical  Kngineer  for  the  Bowman 
Dairy  Co..  IKi  W.  Ontario  St..  Chicago, 
still  lives  at  :il(i   N.  .Mayfield   .\venue.  Chi- 

1927 

Brow.n,  WAi.riK  1  ..  E.P.E..  is  .Manager 
of  the  L'nion  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Coiii- 
Jiany  of  Portland.  .Maine,  HI  W.  Wash- 
ington Street,  Chicago,  and  is  living  at 
7.">1.5   S.   Calumet    .\venue.   Chicago. 

.Iaxek.  .Iohx.  M.E.,  who  is  an  Engineer 
with  Swift  &  Company,  ;i.W7  S.  Michigan 
.Vvenue,  Chicago,  is  now  making  hi.s  home 
at    71.5(1    Clyde   Avenue. 

M.I.LKAX.  Cn.vHi.Fs  N.,  .Jr.,  F.P.E.,  who 
is  .State  Agent  for  the  Insurance  Comjianv 
of  North  .\meriea.  located  at  1.52.5  Carew 
Tower,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  resides  at  15H 
Te.ikwood  -Vvenue,  Cincinnati. 

Osoooi),  Richard  O.,  E.P.E.,  is  now- 
Resident  Manager  for  the  Insurance  Com- 
|i,inv  of  North  .\nierii-a.  and  is  in  charge 
of  the  territory  scrMil  li\  its  Chicago 
ortii-e. 

1928 

Hails.  Rrhaiui  II  vrio  .  (.K..  who  is 
.■iiiployed  by  the  Slaiuhird  Oil  Coiniiaiiy 
.IS  Division  Engineer,  is  now  residing  at 
.507    Corni-li.i    Street,   .loliet.    Illinois. 

Ulko,  Hkkhkht  O..  Ch.E..  has  recently 
eiilereil  into  business  for  hiiiisilf.  and  now 
resides    at    .''M2H    Blackstonc    .Vvenue.    Chi- 

DlBoIBCK.  (i.  I'.ARL.  C.E..  wlio  IS  a 
.Junior  Engineer  in  the  Construction  Divi- 
sion of  the  City  of  ChicaL'o,  7!Hh  &  Lake 
Miehig.in,  lives' at  .'2.57  N.  Kcys|,,iie  .Vve- 
nue,   Chicago. 

EvKX.  -loiix  Thiodohl.  !•". p. !•'..,  was 
reeenth  transferred  to  the  Cincinnati  ottii-e 
of  the'Eiremen's  Eiiiid  with  otlices  in  the 
Krederick  Schmidt  Building.  His  duties 
will  he  to  assist  agents  of  the  Southern 
Ohio    area    along    production    lines. 

IIk.vhv.  .Vkthir  Wiii.iA.M  .Ik..  E.P.E., 
has  chanL'i'd  his  address  to  1.5!IS5  Wood- 
l.inil    Drive,    Dearborn.    Michigan. 


KKu;tn:R.  Hahkv  I.li.axil  E.P.E.,  is  with 
the  Ohio  Inspection  Bureau.  Wil  E.  Broad 
St..  Columbus.  Ohio.  He  has  recently 
moved   to    1755    \V\  andotte    Place,  Cohini- 

bus.    Ohio. 

Pakklk.  Kixr  IlA.MM.nix,  F.P.E.,  is 
.Vctiiarv  for  the  Western  Vctuarial  Bu- 
re.iu,  RiHun  !M)(1,  222  W.  .Vdams  Street, 
Chicago.  He  resides  at  7.5!»  Burr  .Vvenue, 
Winnetka,    Illinois. 

Tri.LV.  .Vi.Ax  C,  C.E.,  recently  returned 
to  the  I'nited  States  from  Australia, 
writes  to  the  Alumni  F'.ditor  from  120  W. 
Second    Street,    Dayton.    Ohio: 

"By    searching    \our    ri-cords.    von    will  1 
prolKiblv  recall  tha't  since  19:ii  I  have  l)ern  i 
located    in    .Melbourne.   .Vnstralia.    where    I 
reliresented    the    F'.thyl    C.asoline    Coriiora- 
tion in  .Vustr.il.isia  and  the  Ear  East. 

"In    .May   of  Ibis   year    I   scrambled  li.<iek  i 
to  the  good  old  United  States  and  have  re-  I 
Joined    the   domestic   eom|iany    (as   .Vssist- 
ant     Division     .Manager).       It    seems    very 
good  to  get  back  to  this  country  after  ail  ' 
these    years    and    especially    so    since    the 
European    war   has    so   badiv   distorted   all  | 
the  Outside   World. 

".My  puriiose  in  writing  you  i.s  mainly 
to  request  that  you  mail  my  co])y  of  the 
Armour  Ahuiiiins  to  me  at  the  above 
address.  If  any  of  the  .\rmour  graduates 
visit  Dayton,  I  would  certainly  be  glad 
to  see  them,  especially  those  of  1928 
vintage." 

1929 

SCHLIUL.-VIAXTLL.      HlHMAX      B.,     Ch.E.,     IS 

General  Foreman  of  the  Plastics  Division 
of  the  Brunswick-Balke-CoIIender  Com- 
pany of  Muskegon,  Michigan. 

SinBixo.  Ci-ynKE  L.,  C.E..  is  .Assistant 
Factory  .Accountant  for  the  Brunswick- 
Balke-Collender  Company  of  Muskegon, 
Michigan.  He  is  living'  .it  915  Ireland 
Vvenue.    .Muskegim. 

1930 

iJAUnM.N  Dwu)  Cahi.iton.  F.P.E..  who 
is  a  Production  Engineer  for  the  Royal- 
Liverpool  (iroup  of  Fire  Insurance  Cos., 
resides  at  2121  North  Springfield  .Avenue, 
ChicagiL  He  is  married  and  has  one 
daughter. 

BKCiiroin.  .lostiMi  -A..  E.P.E.,  who  is  a 
Fire  Survey  Engineer  for  the  Travelers 
Eire  Ins.  Co.,  has  recently  moved  to  :{298 
.Milverton   Road,  Shaker  Heights,  Ohio. 

Bkkc,    Mklvix    Chester.    F.P.E.,    is    ; 
Insiiector     for     the     Michigan     Insjicction 
Bureau.      KIOIl      Barium     Tower,      Detroit, 
.Miehig.in.      He    has    recently    changed    his 
residence  to  2-58  Calvin.   Detroit,   Mich. 

Ciu.N.  Ei.Mi  ND  H.,  C.E..  .Assistant 
Civil  Engineer  in  the  V.  S.  Engineer's 
Otiice  at  Ca<ldoa,  Colo.,  resides  at  307  S. 
9th    Street,    Lamar,   Colorado. 

.McKixxii.  Wii.i.iA.M  Pal.mer.  M.E..  is 
Pro'iect  Engineer  of  the  Ciirtiss  .Aero- 
l.laiie  Division  of  Curliss-Wright  Corpora- 
tion. Kenniore  and  Vulcan.  ButT.ilo.  New- 
York.  His  residence  is  295  I  oiivaine 
Drive.   Kenniore,  New  York. 

1931 

HoRHowiiMi.  .loiix  Fkei).  .M.E.,  is  now 
coiiiiected  with  the  .Vrmv  Ordnance  Dept.. 
at  :!09  W.  .I.ickson  Blvd.,  (.•hicago.  .After 
leaving  .Armour,  Fred  attended  M.I.T., 
where  he  received  the  master's  degree. 
He  then  joined  the  consulting  engineering 
linn  of  Coverdale  and  Colpitfs  in  New 
York  City.  His  home  address  is  72t2 
Crandon    .Vvi'iuic.  ChiciiL'o. 

Dexmno.  Win  ARi)  Scon.  M.E..  is 
Industrial  Engineer  for  Montgomery 
Ward  and  Coinp.uiy  in  Chicago  ,ind  is 
living   in    I  aCir.ingc.    Illinois. 

.Iames.  Fraxk  Marshal!.  |-'.P.F...  has 
rcsiL'ne<l  his  |>ositioii  with  the  Firemen's 
(;i-oii|i  of  Eire   Insuraiice  Cos.  to  enter  tlie 


36 


local   agency   business   in   Lexington,    Ken- 
tucky. 

McArdlk,  Thomas  O'Habi:,  L'.K..  is  miw 
eniployed  as  Industrial  Engineer  witli 
Lockheed  Aircraft  Co.  of  Burliank,  Cali- 
fornia. His  residence  is  1301  Keiloiulo 
Boulevard,  Los  Angeles,  California. 

1932 

Bebger,  Max,  Ch.E.,  has  been  teacliiriL' 
for  the  past  two  years  at  Morrill  .Sclnpol 
for  Crippled  Children,  -5923  Magnolia 
Street,   Chicago. 

Rrhter.  Hahry  Pah,.  C.E.,  recently 
spent  more  than  four  weeks  in  the  Little 
Company  of  Mary  Hospital  in  Evergreen 
Park,  where  a  major  operation  was  per- 
formed. He  is  in  charge  of  the  Real 
Estate  Department  in  the  Middle  West 
for  Carnegie-Illinois  Steel  Corporation, 
208  S.  La  Salle  Street,  Chicago.  His 
residence  is  L')3!)  West  H3rd  Street,  Chi- 
cago. 

1933 

Ai.Tsiini.r.H.  Martix,  .\rih..  has  rc-rently 
changed  liis  address  to  2+21  .Marwiii  .\vc- 
nue,   Los   Angeles,    California. 

Belforu.  Robert  Oitawa.  F.P.E.,  wlin 
is  a  State  Agent  for  the  Pacific  Xational 
Ins.  Co.,  is  now  residing  at  3303  Park 
Avenue,   Minneapolis,  Minnesota. 

Berghni).  GrxxER  E.,  F.P.E.,  was 
married  on  .Inly  27,  1940,  to  Margaret 
Olson  in  CMiicago.  He  is  a  consultant 
with  the  Ciiicago  Board  of  Underwriters 
and  resides  at  3TIS  Pinegrove  .Vvenue, 
Chicago. 

Brsii.    Frank    I..,    .\rcb.,    was    ni.irried 

on  October  .itli.  19K1,  to  Evelyn  L.  Dhordt. 

Their  residence  is  in  I,ake  Forest,  Illinois. 

Busli     is     em|)loyed     as     a     Machine     Tool 

Designer  and  Engineer  for  the  Illinois  Tool 

Works,   2.501    N.    Keeler   .\venue.   Ciiicago. 

CoRnES.    Emmett    I..,    Ch.E.,    is    Service 

,  Engineer     for     the     International      Filter 

Company,    32.1    W.    2.5tb    Place,    Chicago. 

'  He  is  traveling  extensively  in  the  niiddle- 

;  west    in    connection    with   the   servicing   of 

i  water  jnirification   jilants  and  sewage  dis- 

I  posal  plants.     His  home  is  at  B0.5  E.  .SOth 

:  Street,  Chicago. 

I  Davies.  Wii.KREn  W.,  Arch.,  is  .\ssistant 
;  Sujjcrintendent  of  Engineering  Research 
at  United  Air  Lines  Transport  Cor))., 
.59.59  S.  Cicero  .\venue,  Chicago,  and  is 
living  at  41+7  X.  Mozart  .\venue,  Chicago. 
Hanhahan.  CIeohoe  ¥j.,  C.E.,  has  changed 
his  l)lacc  of  residence  to  2.S  I.angley 
Avenue,  Highland  Park,  Portsmouth,  Vir- 
ginia. 

HuESWiT,  W'li.i.iAM  Henry  .Ir..  E.E., 
who  is  Physicist,  liiiteil  States  Rubber 
Company,  (iCOO  E.  .lefferson,  Detroit, 
Michigan,  is  married  and  lias  a  son,  Rich- 
ard, who  is  eighteen  montlis  old.  His 
residence  Is  .5243  Devonshire.  Detroit. 
Mi.'liigaii. 

MiEHAX.  Robert  Francis.  M.E.,  i'- 
eniployed  by  ('(unmonwealtb  Kdison  Coni- 
paiiv  as  a  Boiler  Operator.  He  is  living 
at   i'i:).)2  S.   Francisco   .\venue,  Chicago. 

Ni  Tsox.  Ci-iKKORi)  .v.,  F.P.E.,  is  Special 
.\i:iiit  for  the  Home  Insurance  Company 
C.I  New  York,  2380  Peni>bscot  Bldg.,  Dt-- 
tn.it.  Michi-an.  He  has  recentiv  moved 
to  13220  Cberrvlawn  .\venue.  Detroit. 
MirliiL'an. 

I'liiE.  Stanley  E.,  .M.K.,  who  is  ,i 
lir^ident  Engineer  for  the  Liberty  Mutual 
Insurance  Coni))anv,  1.30  E.  Wasbiii'jton 
Street,  Indianapolis,  Iiuliana,  lives  at  t.i? 
K.  :iS|li   Street.   Indi.-maiuilis. 

1934 

l!|HS,.N.  WiiiuM  \V.,  CIl.L..  uhn  is 
\'ice-l'rcsi,l,nl  and  Celieral  ManaL'cr  of 
Hates  I  .ilMir.itoiies,  Inc..  3.'> 42  \.  Cl.irk 
St..   resides  ,it    Iil2   Surf   Street,  Chie.iL'o. 


THIS  ELECTRON-RAY  pH  METER 
IS  ALWAYS  READY  FOR  INSTANT  USE 

Five  \cars  ago  pH  w.is  a  Laboratory  lerni.  tod.n  its  impor- 
tance is  fully  recognized  industrially  and  live  years  hence  it 
will  be  considered  a  vital  necessity  in  all  process  industries. 
The  Cambridge  pH  Meter  employs  an  Electron-Ray  tube  in 
place  of  a  galvanometer  as  null-point  indicator.  Accurate 
and  easy  to  read,  it  is  practically  immune  to  damage  from 
mis-manipulation.  Operating  directly  from  the  line,  this 
instrument  may  be  turned  on  all  day,  ready  for  instant  use. 
Sensitive  to  .005  pH. 

OTHER  CAMBRIDGE  PRODUCTS 

Moisture   Indicators   and   Recorders  Physical  Testing  Instruments 

Surface  Pyrometers  Laboratory  Insts.  for  A.C.  and  D.C. 

Galvanometers  Enpineermg  Instruments 

Gas  Analysis  Equipment  Physiological   Instruments 

and  other  Mechanical  and  Electric.il  Instruments 

CAMBRI  DGE 

INSTRUMENT    CO.,    Inc. 

3732  Grand  Central  Terminal  New  York  Cit\ 

SEND    FOR    LITERATURE    OF    INSTRUMENTS    OF    I'SE    TO    VOU 


CiiAjiuji  K .  I)(»NAiji  N.,  i^.h'..,  has  moved 
to    10921-   S.    State    Street.   Chicago. 

KoKo.  Fha.nk  \\  lELiA.M.  C.F..,  is  eni- 
jiloyed  as  Furnace  Practicemaii  for  the 
Carnegie  Illiiu)is  Steel  Co.,  342ii  K.  S9th 
Street,  Chicago.  He  is  now  lixiiig  at  1722 
E.  8.3tli   Place,  Chicago. 

Koi.vE.  Irving  .\r.ne.  .M.K.,  is  now  living 
at  1)4.5.5  Wabansi.-i  .\venue,  Chicago. 

.Sherjieh.  Cahi,  1..,  C.F,.,  has  recently 
moved  to  2tl4  \.  Spaiilding  .\venue,  Chi- 
cago. 

Tamnev,  .1.  i'.invAio..  K.i:..  is  ii..» 
m.iking  his  linnic  .it  .^51  N.  Uidiicwav. 
Cliicayo. 

1935 

Hisi.ii  ,  IIk.ii  a.,  K.F...  is  a  .Motor 
Inspector  lor  the  'S'oungstown  Sheet  cS; 
Tube  Coin|i;ui.\,  Indiana  Harbor.  Iiuliana. 
He  has  recently  changed  bis  residence  to 
7714    Forest    Avenue,    Hammond,    Indiana. 

.loNES.  Tiio.AiAs  Franc:,  .M.F...  has  re- 
cently moved  to  III  Barcl.iy  Avenue, 
I'liisbing,    Long    Island. 

PE-rRAiris,  .\i.iiERT,  I'..!'...  is  working  for 
his  Master's  Degree  .it  California  Insti- 
tute  of   Technology.    Pas.idcna,  California. 

.Sc.  iiMiirr.  EiiwARn  W'Ai.riai.  Ch.E.,  is  with 
the  Link  Belt  Company.  18th  anil  Wcst- 
iTii  .\vcniic.  Chicago,  and  is  now  making 
his    residence   ;it    USUI    Perry    . Vvenue.   Clii- 

Si  will.  II  uioin  II..  \rch..  ix  liluiiii- 
iiatiliLT  Kiigiiiecr  ,ilul  I  ectiinr  tor  the 
Cliic.iL'o  LiL'htinir  ln-.tilute.  Hoom  3iioii.  20 
\.       NV.ieker       Drive,      CbiciL'o.       He      has 


recentiv   iiiomvI   to  20s  S.    Kostncr  Av.auie. 
Chicago. 

4'iE.NsoN.  .\iiviii.  Ch.F..,  is  a  .Mechanic 
for  the  Drving  Systems,  Inc.,  at  ISOO 
Foster  Stret'-I.  Chicago,  and  is  livin:.'  at 
i:i3l    N.    Wolcott    Avenue.   Chicago. 

1936 

Hm.m  o,,,,  .l.iMPii  W..  Anil.,  u.i-  mar- 
ried oil  Sc|.|,-iiiImt  I  t.  191(1.  lie  .iiid  his 
bride  drove  to  llu'  west  coast  on  tlieir 
lioneviiioon.  lie  is  .11,  .\rcliitectural 
DesigiuT  for  llic  l)c|,.irtiuenl  of  Public 
Works  in  Cliie.igii,  and  resides  at  .5S  to 
\V.    Fillmore    Street.    Chicago. 

BoR-aiG.  Ciiari.es  P.,  K.F.,  is  with  Belt, 
Wallace  &  Cannini,  Patent  Attorneys,  I  N. 
La  Salle  Street.  Chicago.  He  was  inarried 
on  .liiiie  29lli.  1910.  and  is  living  .it  721.5 
\iiieeniies    .\veiine.   Cbicigo, 

BoriiwEii.  RoHERT  IL,  F..K.,  is  in  his 
third  year  at  the  Northern  Baptist  Thco- 
lo-icai  Seminarv  in  Chicago.  He  expects 
to  receive  his  15.1).  ilegree  in  .May.  1941. 
His  home  residence  is  2057  .Summerdnle 
.\veniie,  Chicago. 

Davis.  .Iohn  B.,  F'.P.F..,  who  is  an  Kngi- 
neer  for  the  Insuriuice  Co.  of  North 
.\ineric,i,  located  at  209  W.  .laekson 
Boulevaril.  Chicago,  is  livini:  .it  9IH  Linden 
.\venne,    Winnctka,    Illinois. 

Doi  i.EN.MAiEH,  Harry  Hay.monii,  I'.. I'...  is 
now  connected  with  the  Chicago  Itawhide 
ami  Leather  Co.,  1301  N.  Elston  .\veniie, 
Ciiicago.  .is  a  S.iles  Engineer.  He  has 
recentiv  moved  to  133  1  incoln  .\veniie, 
I.ibertOville,   Illinois. 


37 


KsAis,  RoiHJKR  Goi-rFHil).  E.K...  is  riii- 
plovcd  1)V  till"  General  Klectrie  C'(iiiiI>aM> 
,il'  "  Schenectailv.  New  York,  ami  lia- 
reeentlv  iiKiveii  to  is  Tniy  I'laee.  S.-I.e 
iieetadv.  N.  V. 

LiNi'iiN,  .liiiiN  Ei)\vAKi>.  C'.K..  is  a  Civil 
i:iii;iiieer  with  Charles  D<-  I.eiiw  CiiiiiliaiiN . 
.'(I  N.  \\a<ker  Drive.  Chicapn.  He  is  ni>w 
livii.L'   at    M:i")    Kills    Avenue.   Chieaiiii. 

1937 

C  vKHdi.i..  Kknneth  rRi.Diitic ,  M.l'...  lias 
ehanired  his  address  to  23  Kni>wltciii  Ave 
nue.   Keniiiore,  New   York. 

CinilANOWIlZ.     Ete.KNK     CiRKOOIIV.     C.I'-. 

is  a  Draftsman  with  the  Charles  Del  euw 
iSc  Comi>anv.  -'d  N.  Waeker  Drive.  Chi- 
(■.acii.  lie  "has  recently  moved  to  t^VT  .S. 
Winehester    Avenue.   Chieajro. 

Dkverkaix,  Haymosi)  J.,  Eng.  .So.,  is 
an  hulustrial  .\rts  Teacher,  Chieafio  Board 
oC  Kdueation,  1820  \V.  Yeaton  Street.  His 
home  address  is  7727  South  Shore  Drive. 
Cliieajjo. 

Ki.KissNKH.  Anton  (inoiioi:.  M.E..  is  em- 
nloved  as  .lunior  Desiurnin}.'  Engineer  for 
the'  Hvdraulie  Controls.  Inc..  at  HI  W. 
Monroe  Street.  Chicago.  His  home  is  at 
lilH    Washington   Boulevard.  Chicago. 

McCahty.  Carroi.i.  .1..  C.E..  who  has  heen 
a  .lunior  Engineer  in  tlie  Illinois  Highw.iy 
l)e|it..  has  heen  awarded  a  Fellowsliip  in 
the  Bureau  ftir  Street  Traffic  Heseareh  in 
Yale  University  for  the  |ire-ent  academic 
year. 

.SlUKlS.    CUAKI.KS    .roSKI'H.   Ch.F...    F.l'.E.. 

"Kl,  is  now  with  the  Kentucky  Actuarial 
Bureau.  Starks  Bldg..  l.imisvilie.  Ky.  His 
Chicago  address  is  Uir,'.t  .lackson  Binile- 
vard. 

1938 

Anukkws.  Khki)  Woodrow.  C.E..  is  now 
in  partnership  with  his  father,  a  Cieiieral 
Contractor  located  at  ■5()()(l  N.  Kedzie 
Avenue,  Chicago.  He  is  still  residing  at 
2314  Morse  Avenue,  Chicago. 

BonxAH.  Hfnry  .Jons,  Ch.E..  who  is 
now  in  business  for  himself  at  1 UI23 
.South  Halsted  Street.  Chicago,  still 
resides  at  711)  \V.  llSth  Street,  Chicago. 

Gh.ki.son.  Thomas  Mortimkr.  Ch.E.,  has 
moved  to  802  Amarillo,  Abilene.  Texas. 

Hannkman.  Frank  T..  M.E.,  is  Me- 
chanical Engineer  for  the  Paasche  Air- 
brush (dnipanv  at  IdOO  W.  Diversey 
.\venue,  Chicago.  His  home  is  at  ll-'l 
.Sherwin  .\venue.  Chicago. 

SiiEEiiAN,  James  D..  F.P.E..  is  Fire 
Insurance  Ins]iector  for  the  Kansas  In- 
spection Bureau,  7111  .lackson  Street. 
Topeka,  Kansas.  He  resides  at  XU  Van 
Buren.    Topeka.    Kansas. 

1939 

Be, .IKE.  .losi.eii  I'..  C.K..  h.is  moved  l.i 
1703    N.    Mowirt   Street.   Chicago. 

Caresos.  Ernest  C.  C.E.,  is  emjiloyed 
as  Draftsman  for  the  I'age  Engineering 
Companv  located  in  Clearing.  Illinois.  He 
is  living  at    11-2+   N.   Leamington.  Chicago. 

CirAUERTO.N.  .Itl.lAN   CiTIIHKHT.  C.E..  is 

employed  by  llerlihy  Mid-Continent  Com- 
panv."l  to  .S.  Dearborn,  as  an  Estimator. 
His' home  address  is  1702  North  Winches- 
ter, Chicago. 

EvANoEE,    SriiMiiN,    .111.,    Cli.F..    is    now 

with    the    Dul'ont    I)e    Ne iirs    Co..    21110 

Elston  Avenue.  Chicago,  as  a  Clieinist  and 
Chemical  Isngineer.  He  is  residing  .it  2.")ni 
S.    Spaulding    .\vemie.    Chicago. 

Feet.  W  inchest  :r  G..  E.E..  is  now  a 
laboratory  Assistant  for  Kock-Ola  Mfg. 
Co..  KOO  N.  Kedzie  .\venue.  Chicago.  His 
home  address  is  I22li  W.  .fackson  Boule- 
vard.  Chicago. 

/.AHKM.  .\..  E.F...  is  teaching  assisl.inl  in 
Electrical  Engineering  at  C.difonii.i  Insti 
tute  of  Technology,  1201  F.  California 
Street,    Pasadena,   Californi.i. 


1940 

Tlir  followiiifi  census  jjivcs  ;i  ciini- 
pl.ti  listini;  of  tile  graduatinj;  class 
of  1!U(),  the  companies  by  wliicli  tlicsc 
men  arc  imi)loyf<i,  together  witii  their 
lionic  addresses  and  liome  tcliphone 
numhers.  .Members  of  the  class  arc 
urged  to  advise  the  .\lumni  Office  as 
soon  ;is  clianges  in  ])Osition  or  home 
■  iddrcss  .-ire  made.  I'ersonal  informa- 
tion for  use  in  future  issues  of  the 
Kiif/iticir  .llininiiix  should  be  .-id- 
dressed  to  the  .Uuimii    Kilitor. 

-Vhhaiia.mson.  BoKKRf.  .\1.F...  Sunbeam 
IleatiiiL'  and  .\ir  Conditioning  Conip.iny. 
1717  .South  Canal  Street.  Chicago.  Canal 
1021.  Home:  1()24  Farwell  .\venue.  Chi- 
cago, SHE  ()H!)2. 

Aeter.  Frank  Jceian,  F.P.E..  .Missouri 
Inspection  Bureau.  Pierce  Bldg..  St.  I.ouis. 
.Missouri.  For  mail:  1700  Washington 
.\venue,  Wilmette,  Illinois. 

.\ni)Erson.  Fix>yi)  FaxjAR.  E.E..  Carnegie- 
Illinois  Steel  Companv,  3+2(i  E.  89th  Street, 
Chicago,  South  Chicago  1000.  Home:  111  I 
North   .\ustin   Boulevard,  Oak   Park. 

Avc.ERENOs,  H.vRRY  G.,  Ch.E.  Home: 
.3018  West  Quincy  Street,  Chicago. 

Balis,  Moorjjan  Kanuaee,  M.F",.,  Bendi\ 
.Vviation  Corporation,  .\ircraft  Engineer- 
ing Division,  .South  Bend,  Indiana.  For 
mail:  1000  Grove  Street,  Evanston,  Illi- 
nois. 

Baesewuk.  .loiiN  CiiAKEEs,  C.E..  State 
llighwax  De)it.,  Division  of  Public  Works 
and  Highwavs,  3.3  East  Waeker  Drive, 
Chicago.  Home:  718  West  31st  Street, 
Chicago. 

Bartisek,  Robert  .Ta.mes,  M.E.,  .\rmour 
Research  Foundation,  3300  Federal  Street, 
Chicago.  Home:  2537  South  Drake  Ave- 
nue. Chicago. 

Basic.  F:rnest.  E.E..  Russell  Electric 
Companv.  310  West  Huron  Street,  Chi- 
cago, Si'P  971.0.  Home:  2117  South  (ilst 
Court,  Cicero,  Illinois,  Cicero  2.510  R. 

Benz,  .Ioseph  James.  F'.F^.,  Carnegie- 
Illinois  Steel  Company,  3+21)  E.  89th  Street. 
Chicago.  Illinois,  South  Chicago  WOO. 
Home:   7822   Essex   .\venue,  Chicago. 

Bioos.  Casimir  Eicien.  Ch.E.,  Bastian 
Blessing,  210  F..  Ontario  Street,  Chicago, 
SI'P  70110.  Home:  .")123  Medill  .\venue. 
Chicago. 

Beume,  I.eroy  Orison,  M.E.,  Armour  and 
Company,  I'.  S.  Y'ards,  Chicago.  Home: 
ii.313   Northwest   Highway,   Chicago. 

BoriANu,  CiiARi.Es  Victor,  .\rch.. 
Oraftsman.  Designer.  A.  T.  Mcintosh.  1(>0 
North  I.aSalle  Street,  Chicago,  ERA  2010. 
Home:  1911  Berniee  Avenue,  Cliic:igo. 
l.akcview    122.3. 

Bran  NICK,  EmvARn  Joseimi.  F.P.F...  Fire 
Insur:iiice  Rating  Bureau.  Il2ii  E.  Wis- 
consin Avenue.  Milwaukee.  Wisonisin. 
For  mail:  Ii3.37  South  \V:islitenaw  Ave 
nue.  Chicago. 

Byrne,  Ciiarees  .Ioseiii.  .Ik.,  l^.E.,  Illi- 
nois Pneumatic  Tool  Company,  .\uror:i, 
Illinois.  For  mail:  .3111  South  Cliristian.i. 
ChicaL'o. 

Caiuwiii.  Will  mm  Mmcoem.  Fng.  .Sc. 
Carne-ie-lllinois  SIcel  CMlnl.anv  (Metal- 
liirgvj.  3121)  E.  89th  Street.  Chicago. 
Sout'h  Chic:igo  1000.  Home:  11711  M:nn 
Street.    ILirvey,    Illinois,    H:irvey   (ill. 

Ca^iras.  Marvin,  I-;.E.,  Ciraduate  .\ssist- 
.iiit,  .\rmour  Research  Foundation,  ;5;M)0 
Federal  Street,  Chicago.  Home:  lOfil 
North  Western   .\veiiue.  Chicago. 

Cannon.    Hrssiii.    M.E..    Babcock    .iiul 

Wilcox    Companv.    B.irberton.    Ohio.       For 

ni:iil:  9:111  Soiilli   Damen   Av.-nue.  Chicago. 

Cvriis.  .I.MiN.  M.K.  l)n   P.mt  Companv. 


Wilmington,  Delav*-are.  For  mail:  7fil  ! 
Paxton    .\vemie.   Chicago. 

Cerovski.  .Iohn  George.  -\rch..  .loin 
Phrommer.  927  First  Trust  Bldg.,  Ham 
mond,  Indiana.  Home:  2:53  West  lOltl 
Place,  Chicago. 

ClEVREl-ON,     .Ia.MKS     DoNAI.1),     CH.E.,     I'll  r 

due  Iniversitv  (Fellowship),  I^afayetti  . 
Indiana.  Home:  231  Littleton,  West  La 
favette,    Indiana. 

Ceahk,  Jack  .Vndrew,  M.E.,  Intcrni 
tional  Kilter  Company,  32.5  W.  25th  Place. 
Chicago.  Home:  .5o'51  Berwyn  .Xvenio. 
Chicago. 

Cohen.  Jacob  Irving.  E.E.,  Belson 
.M:inufacturing  Comjiany.  800  S.  Adi 
Street.  Chicago,  IL\Y  8-i«+.  Home:  1231 
South    .\vers    Avenue,    Chicago. 

Coi.EiNs.  Waet-er  Scott,  M.V...  G.  S 
Blakleslee  &  Companv,  1844  .52nd  Ave- 
nue, Cicero,  Illinois.  Home:  .3<):«)  North 
Moody   Avenue,  Chicago,  PAL  94A2. 

CoEEopv.  Robert  John.  Ch.E.  Home: 
212   North   Kenneth   Avenue,  Chicago. 

CoNSTAN,  Peti:r  IxJiis,  M.E.  Home: 
4715   North   Trov   Street,   Chicago. 

Dahu  WALreii  Leroy,  F.P.E.,  Iowa  In- 
surance .Service  Bureau,  Insurance  Ex- 
change Bldg.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa.  For  mail: 
7317   Rhodes   .\venue,  Chicago. 

Dahijn,  Harold  Joh.v.  M.F^.,  Carnegie- 
Illinois  Steel  Company  (Maintenance 
Dept.),  :^42e  East  89th'  Street.  Chicago, 
.South  Chicago  4000.  Home:  6709  North 
Washtenaw   Avenue,  Chicago. 

Damm,  Ghifeitii  Elmer,  E.E.,  Chicago 
Board  of  L'nderwriters,  175  West  Jackson 
Blvd.,  Chicago,  W.\B  4151.  Home:  6119 
Grace  Street,  Chicago. 

Danforth,  George  Edward,  .\reh.,  Illi- 
nois Institute  of  Technology  (Graduate 
Student  in  School  of  Architecture),  3300 
Federal  Street.  Chicago.  Home:  .58  East 
Elm   Street,   Chicago,   DEL   7417. 

Dement,  Ci.ayton  Warren,  F'.P.E., 
Illinois  Inspection  Bureau.  309  West  Jack- 
son Blvd..  Chicago.  Home:  66:J4  South 
Michigan   .\venue.  Chicago. 

DicKERiiiKiF.  Oliver  Newton,  M.E., 
Danlv  Machine  Siiecialties,  2104  South 
52nd"  Avenue,  Cicero,  Illinois,  LAW  7414). 
Home:  78^12  South  Michigan  Avenue.  Chi- 
cago, YIN   9457. 

DnoLiTTLE.  Harold  A.,  Ch.E.,  Rand.  Me- 
Xallv  &  Companv.  536  South  Clark  Street, 
Chicago.  WAB  0363.  Home:  .5812  .South 
Fulton   Street,  Chicago,  COL  6499. 

DrxCAN,  James  Winston,  Ch.F".,  Inland 
Steel  Companv,  38  South  Clark  Street, 
Chicago.  Home:  8040  Ogleshy  .\venue, 
Chicago,  REG  3076. 

DziKowsKi,  Irvin  ,Ioiin,  Ch.E.,  Ameri- 
can Maize  Products  Company,  Chicago. 
Home:  3100  West  Diversey  .\venue.  Chi- 
cago. 

F'.Gc.ERs.  John  Gkihg  .  F.P.IC.  Kentucky 
Vctuarial  Bureau.  910  Starks  Bldg..  Louis- 
ville. Kcntii.-ky.  Home:  118  West  Orin.sby 
Street.  Louisville.  Kentucky. 

EuiKNsON.  Leonard,  C.F...  Illinois  State: 
llighwav  Department.  Springlield.  Illin-| 
nois.  For  mail:  110(i  Glcnlake  Street,! 
Chicago.  , 

Ellin.  Frederick  I..  E.E.,  Miehle  Print-j 
ing  and  Mfg.  Company  (Training  Di-j 
vision.  West  11th  Street  &  South  Damen,! 
Chicago).  Home:  3151  West  16th  Street.] 
Chicago.  CRA    7725.  I 

Ei'siKiN.  Leon  Simi-son.  M.E.,  Ilg 
\'entilating  Company,  2850  North  Pulaski' 
Road,  Chicago,  KIl.  1520.  Himie:  238; 
North  Pine  .\ venue,  Chicago,  ATS  .3690. 
F.RisMAN,  Ralph  Jam<s,  M.F'..,  .\rmoiir 
Research  Foundation.  .3300  Federal  Street. 1 
Chicago.  Home:  632  I.ym.in  Avenue.  Oak| 
Park.   Illinois. 

Kl  10,  Charles  Robert.  M.F..  Glenn  L.| 
.Martin  Companv,  Baltimore.  .Maryland. 
I'or  mail:  2924  C/reenleaf  .\venue.  Chicago.' 


38 


Fahey,  James  Martin,  Ch.E.,  Uni- 
■ersitv  of  Chicago,  (Fellowship)  Institute 
if  Meteorologj-,  Chicago.  Home:  6230 
rernon   Avenue,   Chicago. 

Fatlkxer.  Alfred  Hughes,  E.E.,  Auto- 
natic  Electric  Company,  1019  West  Van 
Juren,  Chicago,  HAY  "+:300.  Home:  lol 
sorth  Central  Avenue.  Chicago.  ACS 
i270. 

FiEBiG.  JoHX  Cl.*jiexce,  C.E.,  Illinois 
itate  Highway  Dept.,  Springfield,  Illinois, 
'or  mail:  I8+64.  Martin  Street,  Home- 
lood,   Illinois. 

FiRAXT,  Edgar  Robert,  Arch.,  A.  F. 
ieino.  Architect,  Morgan  Park,  Illinois, 
iome:  630  West  61st  Street,  Chicago 

Flood,  Jasies  Gregory,  Ch.E.,  Walter  H. 
■"lood  &  Company,  822  E.  +2nd  Chicago, 
VYl.  0011.  Home:  932  East  44th  Street. 
'hicagd. 

KoRsHERG,  Carl  Otto,  Ch.E.  Home:  103O 
^ull  Terrace.  Evanston,  Illinois. 

Foss,  Pail  Howard.  Ch.E..  Carnegie- 
llinois  Steel  Company,  :3426  E.  89tli 
Itreet.  Chicago,  South  Chicago  4000. 
lome:   4-929   Montana   Street.   Chicago. 

Foster  Earl  Eigexe,  Ch.E.,  Armour  & 
'ompanv,  V.  S.  Yards.  Chicago.  Home: 
7863  Giittschalk  Avenue,  Homewood,  Illi- 
ois. 

Fosti;r.  Robert  Tames,  Ch.E.  Home: 
libley    Boulevard.   Dolton,  Illinois. 

Fox.  ,Tonx-  Jay.  Jr..  Arch..  Chicago 
ioard  of  Education.  Home:  92.50  South 
)anien   Avenue.  Chicago. 

Fraxcoxe.  Edmix'd  Arnold,  M.E.,  Illi- 
ois  Tool  Works,  2.501  North  Keeler,  Chi- 
ago.  Home:  6931  South  Hermitage 
ivenue,  Chicago.   REP  6047. 

Frost.  George  Edward.  E.E..  Delta  Star 
ilectrical  Company,  24:37  W.  Fulton 
Itreet.  Chicago.  SEE  .3200.  Home:  726 
s'orth  Kenilworth  Avenue,  Oak  Park,  Illi- 
ois. 

Gaebij:b,  George  Frederick,  M.E.,  Glenn 
,.  Martin  Company.  Baltimore,  Maryland, 
•"or  mail:  8.537  South  Bishop  Street,  Chi- 
ago. 

Gai^\x-dak,  ArorsT.  M.E..  R.  S.  Rainey. 
[750  West  Roosevelt  Road.  Chicago.  AUS 
'l80.  Home:  2801  South  St.  Louis  Ave- 
ue.  Chicago. 

Gextlemex",  William  James,  Jr.,  M.E.. 
)anly  Machine  Specialties,  2104  South 
2nd  Avenue.  Cicero,  Illinois.     Home:  7918 

angley    Avenue,   Chicago, 
i  Gerhardt,   Johx-    Raxdolph.    Eng.    >Sc.. 
Vrmour  &  Company.  Industrial  Engineer- 
ig  Dept..  U.  S.  Yards.     Home:  54"  N'orth 
'aylor  Avenue.  Oak   Park.  Illinois. 

GoLuszKA,  Walter  Edward.  Jr..  C.E.. 
llinoi.s  State  Highway  Dept..  Sprinir  Val- 

y,  Illinois.  For  mai'l:  2001  West  Culler- 
m.  Street,  Chicago. 

Gromack.  Theodore.  M.E..  U.  S.  Gov- 
rnment.  Rock  Island  Arsenal.  Rock 
sland,    Illinois.      For    mail:    10317    South 

nion  Avenue,  Chicago. 

Grfca,  Edw.^hd  F^.ter,  Ch.E..  Inland 
Lubber   Company,    146   West   27th   Street, 

hicago.  VIC  8444-.  Home:  4200  North 
IcVicker  Street,  Chicago,  PEN"  SH32. 

Grlxwaij).    Robert    Fred,    E.E.,    Illinois 

ell  Telephone  Company,  212  West  Wash- 
igton  Street.  Chicago.  OFF  9300.  Home: 
14  Marion  Street.  Oak  Park.  Illinois. 

Haxxa.  George:   Parker,  ,Tr..  C.E..  New 

ork  University,  College  of  Engineering 
Fellowship),     University     Heights.     New 

ork  City.  For  mail:  6409  DreNel  .\ve- 
ue.  Chicago. 

Hax'sex.  .-^RTHtR  Graxt.  Jr..  M.E.,  Chi- 

igo    Board    of    Underwriters.    173    West 

ackson,     Chicago.      Home:     1526     Devon 

venue,  Chicago,   SHE   9.384. 

Hartmax-,  John-  Woodrow,  E.E..  Glenn 

lartin    Company.     Baltimore.    Maryland. 

or  mail:  7.502  Kingston  Avenue.  Chicago. 

Hassell,  Verx-ox-  James.  F.P.E..  West- 


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SAGINAW,  MICHIGAN 


WINDSOR,  ONT. 


TAPES -RULES -PRECISION  TOOLS 


ern  Factory  Insurance  Association,  De- 
troit. Michigan.  Home:  4052  Kendall 
Avenue.  Detroit,  Michigan. 

Havbebt,  William  Axdrew.  Ch.E.,  Du- 
Pont  Company,  Toledo,  Ohio.  For  mail: 
405  South  Clifton  Avenue.  Park  Ridirc. 
Illinois. 

Heexax".  Sidxey  -Vli^vx,  Ch.E..  Van 
Schaack  Chemical  Works,  Inc.,  3430  Hen- 
derson Street,  Chicago,  IND  0400.  Home: 
2158  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago. 

Heller,  Joseph  T.,  E.E..  Service  Indus- 
tries, 2025  Calumet  Avenue,  Chicago,  VIC 
6040.  Home:  4330  Greenwood  Avenue. 
Chicago. 

Herdmax,  Doxald  FIJ}^^),  E.E..  Com- 
monwealth Edison  Company.  72  West 
.\dams  Street.  Chicago.  Home:  7-538  Michi- 
gan .Vvenue.  Chicago. 

IIiMELMAYR.  Fred  Arthib.  E.E.  Home: 
Rushville,  Indiana. 

HoLLE.  Frederick  D..  M.E..  Western- 
Austin  Comjianv.  601  N.  Farnsworth. 
.\urora.  Illinois."  .\.  87.53.  Home:  10828 
Prospect    .\yenue.   Chicago,    BE\'    4699. 

Horn.  ?",dward  Hexry.  E.E.,  Cameirie- 
Illinois  Steel  Company,  :3426  E.  89th 
Street,  Chicago,  South  Chicago  4000. 
Home:  825  West  .-Vrmitage  .-Avenue,  Chi- 
cago. 

Hortox.  William  David.  .\rch..  .Store 
Modernizing  Service,  l(i55  Milwaukee  .\ve- 
nue.  Chicago.  Home:  11  East  Pearson 
Street.    Chicago. 

HiXTER.       Thomas       Ai.exaxder       III. 


F.P.E.,  Western  Factory  Insurance  Asso- 
ciation, Chicago.  Hoiiie:  4642  Maiden 
Street.  Chicago. 

HiTTox-,  William  C-vrl.  .\rch..  William 
S.  Hutton.  122  South  Michigan  .\venue. 
Chicago.  Home:  25  Wildwood  Roa<l. 
Hammond.   Indiana. 

.Jacobs.  I.oris.  .Vrch.  Home:  3450  Irving 
Park   Road,  Chicago. 

Jaedtke.  GiuiERT  H.VRHY-,  C.E.,  Illinois 
State  Highway  Dept.,  Springfield,  Illinois. 
For  mail:  1.'3411  Greenwood  Avenue.  Blue 
Island.  Illinois,  B.  I.  2279. 

Jakibowski.  .\lexaxder  .\  X  T  H  O  X  y. 
Arch.  Home:  4505  West  Deming  Place. 
Chicago. 

.ToHxsox,  Peter.  .Ih..  E.E..  Undenvrit- 
ers"  Laboratories.  209  E.  Ohio  Street,  Chi- 
cago. Home:  .3-1^25  Douglas  Boulevard. 
Chicago. 

Kahl,  Walter  Harry.  Ch.E..  Armour 
&  Cimiiiany.  Industrial  Engineering  Divi- 
sion. I'.  -S.  Yards.  Home:  sn47"  South 
Paulina  Street.  Chicago,  BEV  7761. 

K^xLxi.v.  EfGEXE  .Iack.  Ch.E.,  Chicago 
Pipeline  Comi>any,  Ga.s  .Measurement 
Dept.,  122  South  Michigan  .\yenue,  Chi- 
cago. Home:  49:56  Parker  .\ venue.  Chi- 
cago. 

Kazmierowkz.  Constaxtixe  .\x-dri;w. 
Cli.F...  Chicago  Extruded  Met.ils  Company. 
1612  South  5Hh  .\venue.  Cicero.  Illinois. 
CR.\  2121.  Home:  1657  West  t7th  Street, 
Chicago. 


39 


Ki.AMKA.  Stam.ky  (!K(iKti>:,  .M.K..  t'iir- 
l)(iliiv  ('(imiianv.  Inc.,  "ili")  Wrst  Washiiifr- 
toii  'Stm't,  criicairo,  CKN  lMi:i:i.  llmiu-: 
Jl'Ol  Norll.  l.iMif.'  Avnuir,  Cliiia).'.>.  HKK 
l»IU). 

KOJIN.     UllllKRI      S..     .M.K..     I    .     S.    CnMIM- 

iiii-nt.  W.ir  Drpt..  ( )nlTiaiui-  Divisii.ii, 
WashiiiL'ton.  I).  C.  l-nr  mail:  TTiU  Kss.-s 
Avrniif.  Cliicafru. 

KiiKVimii.  Wai.tkh.  K.K.,  Swilchlioaiil 
ami  .Sill)plv  ('(iiii)iany.  (fd'oO  South  t'iriTci 
Avfiuir.  rii-.-rci,  "lllini>is.  I'OU  liilllli. 
IIiiiii.-:  I.-,.'T  Sdiitli  Marshliild  Avrmi.-, 
C'liii-atid. 

I  AS  Km.  I'kxnk  Amis.  M.K..  l...skrr 
15i.il<-r  v'^  Kii}.'iiu-friMj:  CoriMyi-atioii,  ii.'nl 
Sciiith  Woln.tt.  (■lik-af.n>.  \  W  :i7li().  HiMii.-: 
:iHI   SiMitli  \\i-stiTn   .Vv.-mif,  Cliicafro. 

I.KAsi:.  HiN  (IiuKHTii,  M.K..  Harprr- 
\\'\iiiaii  .Mfjr.  {'ciiii|ianv,  s.")iij  \'inc<Min<-s 
.\vfimc,  (■|li.■a^'o,  K.XD'tTSS.  H„iiic:  lO.'U 
South  Wood  Street,  lhic-.i).'o.  VKU  (II(i:i. 

LiaiNAKii.  Fhanhs  MiiiiAKi.,  K.K.,  (ar- 
nrfrii-IlllMois  Str.-l  foinpaiiy.  Home:  77111 
\'erniin    .Vveiiiii',    Chleapi. 

I.KOMlAHl.l,  .llllXN  Ouii.  II'...  The 
Hallierat'ters.     Iiie..     .'liil     Soatli     Iiidi.n.a 

Avenue,  Cliieapi,  CA  I.   HiMO.     11, ■:lslli; 

Martin  .\ venue.   Ilomewood,  Illiiioi-.. 

I.iNntiHiiv,  l,h;nov  Hahhv,  M.Iv  Ilonie: 
1!)4.0  North   Kedzie  Avenue,  fhieai;,.. 

1/Ibi:h,  Mokto.s  F.ic;nk,  F.l'.K..  Indi.in;i 
In.speetion  Mure.iii.  Merchants  N'ation.il 
Bank  Hid-.,  I'errc  Haute,  hidi.iiia.  For 
mall:    llljll    West    Monroe    Street.   Cliicajio. 

Li'NDtjris'r.  I  ,i:sTi:n  F':M\.Nr\i.  F'.lv. 
F.lectro-Motiv.-  Corii..  1  ,.•.(  Ir.niL'e.  Illinois. 
Home:  7ii|-.'  South  M.irL'.ni  SIn-et.  Clii- 
cajro. 

Mackiv,  Do.naij)  .Iamks,  C¥...  Cilenn  1  . 
Martin.  Baltimore.  Maryland.  F^or  mail: 
(><l.51  S.  Winchester  Aveiine.  Chicafro,  HFI' 

Mackiv.  WrijiAM  FnwAHn.  C'.F..  SI. 
Rita  Hif;h  School  (Instructor),  (i:nj  S 
Oakley  Street,  fhicapo.  Home:  ()9.51  S. 
Winchester  .\venue,  Chicago,  HEP  lOlJ. 

Mandki..  F'rnkst  .Mahvix.  .\rch.,  Ralph 
Harris  (.State  Architects  Office).  Spring' 
field,  Illinois.  F^>r  mail:  (i.i2  Cordon  Ter- 
race, ("hieafro. 

.MASiiixriH,  Wtiiiam  IIiiroK.  .\I.h',.. 
Standard  Oil  of  Indiana.  Wliitinu'.  In- 
diana. Home:  .',lir>l  X,,rlh  Damen  .\vennc. 
ChicajTo,  AHI)  («11. 

Mastn,.Ioiis  l.rroN,  Cli.F.  I  l.im.-:  (i!l.-|S 
Riverside   Drive,  Berwyn.    Illinois. 

Maxmki.i,,  1{oh:rt  Bia.ni:,  .In.,  F.I'.F.., 
Missouri  Inspection  Bureau,  I'icrce  Bldj:., 
St.  I.ouis.  Mo.  Home:  |.-).'S  I.,,enst  St., 
St.    I.onis,    .Mo. 

McDaniki.,  IIariiiv  Ihvi.no,  Cli.E.,  Car- 
nef;ie-Illinois  Steel  Company,  :iI2()  K.  Si'lli 
street,  Chicafro.  South  Chieapo  HKin.  Home: 
(ili.T  S.  Flmwood  .\venne.  Oak  Park.  Illi 
nois.   F:1'C  :{7-.':!1{. 

.McDkilmoi-i'.  .Iami-  I'.M.isi.  M.i;.. 
Whiting  Corporation,  l.nth  and  I.;,lhroii. 
Harvey,  Illinois,  INT  !>(il.5.  Home:  -.'(i.tH 
N'.    FVancisco    .\venue,   Chicago. 

Mk.ntzi:i,  .SioMiNn  TiironoHi:,  F'.F',..  C.i  r- 
negie-Illinois  Sfeel  Conip:inv.  (oirv,  In- 
dian:!. Home:  tSlfl  X.  Mehin:,  \\eMUr. 
Chicago. 

Mkvi:ii.  .Ia.mis  Ravmonu,  (  li.l'...  I  inch 
Air  Products,  Buffalo,  New  York.  Il.>me: 
I.S    I  iinvood    Avenue,    Buffalo.    Nru     ^'ork. 

.Mu-iiKA.  Srivi:  Max,  IvK.  Home:  r.M!i 
.South  Kedzie  .\venue,  Chicago. 

.Mii.i.KH,  Fhank.  Ch.l'"..  Hoini:  I7III  Hal 
sted  Street.  Chicago. 

MiSAnn.  (IcoHoi;  Wi  i.ir  nc.  ro.s.  Ch.lv. 
Chicago    Extruded    Mrl;,ls    Compaiu.    Hll.' 

S.  rylth   Ave ■.  (  ic,r...    Illinois.  CIS    l.-.H. 

Home:  •.'7:i<i  N.  Mildred  Street.  Chieat.'... 
BIT  (i.TJl). 

MiHOTS.VK  .  .Ii  IKS  (iioiua:.  .\r<h.  Home: 
fi!»:!8    Doreheslcr    Avernn-.    Cliic:,i;o. 


CLASSIFIED    ADVERTISEMENTS 


BuiMinq   Supplies 


BUICK-CADILLAC 

Sales  and  Sr)':-uc 

FRED   C.   DIERKING 

Clasi    of    1012 

3860  Ogden  Avenue 
Chicago,    Illinois 

Crawford   4100 


BORG  &  BECK 

DIVISION   OF   BORG-WARNER   CORP. 

Manufacturers 

of 

Automotive  Clutches 

6558  S.  Menard  Ave.     Chicago,  III. 


•ing    Se 


General  purpose  bronze  bush- 
ings— Special  bushings,  plain 
or  babbitt  lined,  to  your  blue 
prints — Bronze  cored  and  solid 
bars — Laminated  shim  sheets — 
Bearings  rebabbitted. 

FEDERAL-MOGUL  SERVICE 

I  ictory   2488  Calumet    421.3 

1923  S.  Calumet  Ave., 

Chicago,  111. 
H.   C.   SKINNER,   M.E.'IS 


Moi  i.nrii.  Will  MM  Ki  nm  in,  K.F... 
Pulilic  Service  Coliii.;im  of  Xorlhcrn  Illi 
nois.  71'  West  .\d;inis  SIre.l.  Clii,-:i-o. 
liW  2.-)0(l.  Home:  IM  South  lIarM\ 
.\venuc.  Oak   Park.   Illinois. 

.MiTiiKK,  Uavjio.M)  .Vi.iuiit,  .M  .I',.,  Cr:inc 
Coiniianv,  K:{(i  S.  .Michigan  .Vvenne,  Chi- 
cago, W'AB  :!|.!.-).  Home:  lillo  S.  Talm.in 
Avenue,   Chicago. 

Naimii.  Fhank  .\i.inirr.  .In..  Ivl-;..  Illi- 
nois Institute  of.  TechiioloLM.  Ue^e:n•ch 
Foiiiukition,  .■i:iiiii  Feilcnil  .St..  Chic:iL'o. 
Home:  ir.'t  F:irr:igiit  Slrecl.  Cliic;igo. 
Alii)  :ill!i7. 

NaTI.NIIIKK,      NUIKU.AS      .\   I    I    X    \    N    II    111, 

Ch.F,.,  .Soconv-\'acuum  Coinpanv.  l.':i 
North  W:icker  Drive,  Chic:igo,  STA  .->!I77. 
Home:  :un7  N.  Springlield  Avcmic.  Clii- 
cML'o,  .H'N   ii7.-.:i. 


SERVING     CHICAGO'S     LEAD 
ING    ARCHITECTS   SINCE    1892 

S.  N.  NIELSEN 
COMPANY 


BUILDING 
CONSTRUCTIOM 


3059     AUGUSTA     BOULEVARD 
CHICAGO  -  ILLINOIS 


Soren   N.   Nielsen.   President 

Elk-r   P..   NIeisen,   '16.  V.-Pres.  &  Tre^s 


LUMBER 

for 

Industrial  Purposes 

WHOLESALE  OR  RETAIL 

• 

SCHENK  LBR.  CO. 

6601   So.  Central  Ave. 
Hem.  3300 

"The  Only  Yard  in  the  Clearing  Dist/ 


Candies   and    Cigars 


D.  D.  PRODUCTS  CORP. 

Makers  of  "Tangy-Rich" 
Chocolate  Products 

I  1 24  W.  59+h  Street 
Wentworth    4441 


NiWKliih.      .Ia.mis      .\iixvmiih.      C.E 

II e:    1101    S.)iith    I{ich:ird    St  rei-l,  .lolicf 

Illinois. 

NlW.MXN.         H     M.V  llO  III  HICK.        CIl.E 

OiMdiiate  Student.  Illinois  Institute  o 
TeehnoloL'\,    i-fnn    I'c.ler;il   Street.  Chic; 

Home:  712  Cornelia    \veiuie.  Chicago.  BI 

I7li!l. 
Oi.DK.Niuin;.    KiNMiii    Fhiiiihuk.    1',.E 

International  Business  M;icliin.s  Corp 
■S.a  W.  Madison  Street.  Chic;igo.  I)E/ 
.sJliO.  Home:  ()1.5:(  South  ■I'.ilni:in  .\venut 
Chicago.   HEP   (iHV.s. 


;f^ 


40 


Oi.rFSEX,  Gkorge,  C.E.,  Glenn  L.  Mar- 
tin Company,  Baltimore,  Maryland.  For 
mail:  81.50  South  Laflin  Street,  Chicafro. 
O'Xeili,,  Re.v  Artihr,  C.E.,  Illinois 
State  Highway  Dept.,  Springfield,  Illinois. 
For  mail:  28.50  N'ortli  I.indor  Street,  t'lii- 
L-ago. 

Opil-\.  Fk.\xcis  .Vntiioxy.  C.E.,  Illi- 
nois State  Higliwav  Dept.,  Sprinfrfield, 
Illinois.  For  mail:"  2917  West  Cerniak 
Road,  Chicago. 

Otrembiak,  ,Ioiin  .Tosepii.  M.E.,  Pull- 
man Standard  Car  Mfg.  Co.,  110th  &  S. 
Cottage  Grove  .\  venue,  Chicago.  PUI 
UOO.  Home:  11201  Normal  .\venue,  Chi- 
L'ago. 

P.vsifK.  Theodore.  Arch.,  Welsun  CUti- 
;truction  Company,  22*^  West  Grand  Ave- 
nue, Chicago.  Home:  1019  North  Wood 
Street,   Chicago. 

Patlogax.  I.ovis.  Ch.E.  Home:  811IO 
Wabansia    Avenue,    Chicago. 

Peuersex,  Ari'htr  Hale.  C.E.,  Glenn 
L.  Martin  Company,  Baltimore.  Maryland. 
For  mail:  407  Leiiox  .\venue.  Oak  Park. 
Illinois. 

Petri.  Raeph,  Ch.E.,  Farley  Mfg.  Com- 
iianv,  2(j'.50  W.  Belden,  Chicago,  ARM 
^820.  Home:  20*3  N.  Keystone  Avenue. 
Chicago. 

Pi::rsox.  Carl  Dax.  E.E..  Illinois  Bell 
Felephone  Company,  212  W.  Washington 
Street,  Chicago,  OFF  9300.  Home:  1717 
Summerdale  Avenue,  Chicago. 

Pratifer.  Fred  Hexry.  .\rch.  Hume: 
559  .Surf  Street,  Chicago. 

Prehler.  Norbert  .T.^coB.  Ch.E.,  Miehle 
Printing  Press  Mfg.  Co.,  West  Uth  and 
South  Damen  Avenue,  Cliicago.  Home: 
163.3  X.  Damen   Avenue,  Chicago. 

PrnL.  RiciiARn  .Toseph.  Ch.E.,  Claud 
S.  Gordon  Com]iany,  1.52+  S.  Western  Ave- 
lue.  Chicago,  H.VY  +983.  Home:  1025 
S'orth  East  .\venue.  Oak  Park,  Illinois, 
\RD  1)694. 

;  QiAXDEE,  Harrv  Bernhahu,  F.P.F... 
rt'estern  F'actory  Insurance  .\ssociation. 
i.75  W.  Jackson  Blvd.,  Chicago.  Home: 
57+2  Loomis  Street,  Chicago. 
'  Raxsel.  .1a.iies  P.A.IL.  F.P.E.,  Indian,! 
,  nspection  Bureau,  320  N.  Meridian  Street, 
ndianapolis,  Indiana.  For  mail:  773  Ty- 
cr   Street,  Gary,   Indiana. 

HiiiwALnr.   Roi'ERT  .Arthur.  E.E..   Sar- 
:cnt  ^ind  I.undv,  1+0  S.  Dearborn.  Chicago. 
\{\   7130.     Home:  201  South  Cuvler  .\ve- 
uie.  Oak   Park,  Illinois. 

KiNTscHER.  RoLAxi)  Rov.  .M.E..  Danly 
lachine  Specialties,  210+  .S.  ,52nd  Avenue. 
?icero,  Illinois.  LAW  7++0.  Home:  ,5715 
Vilson  Avenue,  Chicago. 
Ressleb.  Harold  Wh-liam,  M.E..  Pow- 
rs  Regulator  Company,  2720  X.  Green- 
iew  Avenue,  Chicago,  Bl'C  7100.  Home: 
206   North   Ashland   Avenue,  Chicago. 

Reyxs.  Pail  Raphael.  E.E.,  Youngs 
own  Sheet  and  Tube  Co.,  Ill  West  Wasli- 
igton  Street,  Chicago,  FR.\  .5+70.  Home: 
046  South  Park  Avenue,  Chicago.  WEX 
136. 
Ris.4X'Y,  Joseph  Johx.  M.E.,  Carnegie- 
llinois  Steel  Company.  3+26  E.  89th 
treet.  Chicago,  South  Chicago  +00{i. 
lome:  20+2  West  .51st  Street,  Chicairo. 
'RO  2792. 

Ros!'xthal.  EnivARi)  Max.  E.E.,  Curtiss- 
\' right  Company  (.\eronautieal  Drafts- 
lan),  Buffalo,  N'ew  York.  Home:  Do«ni- 
Jwn  Branch,  Y..M.C.A.,  45  W.  Mohawk 
treet,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Rupert.  Johx  Weber.  ,Ir..  C,K.  Home: 
S+6  North  Hermitage  .\venue,  Chicago. 
Russx.vk.  Clarence  .Joseph.  M.E.,  Tele- 
rpe  Corporation,  1400  W.  Wrightwood 
LVenue,  ChieaL'o.  BCC  1)200.  Home:  33IM 
hefBeld    -\venue.    Chicairo.    WF".!.    9397, 


Compliments  of 

MIDWAY  CIGAR 
FACTORY 

WHOLESALE 

CIGARS.     CIGAREHES.     TOBACCOS. 

CANDIES,   GLOVES   AND   SUNDRIES 

• 

221    West  63rd  Street 

('2488 
Phones:   Englewood  <  2489 

(.2266 


Contractor 


Compliments 

PIONEER  CANDY  CO. 

Wholesale   Coniectioners 


CIGARS  —  CIGARETTES 

and 

FOUNTAIN   SUPPLIES 


3211  Ogden  Ave. 


Chicago 


WALTER  H.  FLOOD  &  CO. 

CHEMICAL    ENGINEERS 

INSPECTION     AND    TESTING     OF     MATERIALS 

AND    STRUCTURES 

CONCRETE    CORE    CUTTING    IN 

WALLS.     CEILINGS.     FLOORS.     PAVEMENTS. 

COLUMNS,     FOUNDATIONS.    ETC. 

822    E.   42nd    St.,    Chicago 

Telephones:   ATLantic  0011.   0012.   0013 


Concrete    Breaking 


Phone:    Normal  0900 
WANTED:  A  HARD  JOB! 

Chicago  Concrete  Breaking 
Company 

BLASTING  EXPERTS 

WITH    A    NATION    WIDE    REPUTATION 

Removal   of 
MACHINERY    FOUNDATIONS— ROCK 
SALAMANDERS  — SLAG   DEPOSITS  — 
CONCRETE  STACKS  — VAULTS  -ETC. 

•     •     • 
6247  Indiana  Ave.      Chicago,  DL 


Consulting    Engineers 


INDUSTRIAL  FURNACES 

For  All  Purposes 

,  Natural  Gai  1 

U..:      {^^'   °«"'^"  }     A.  Fu. 

(producer  Gas         ' 

FLINN    &    DREFFEIN    COMPANY 

308   West  Washington   Street 

Chicago.    Illlnoii 


E.  H.  MARHOEFER,  JR.  CO. 

CONTRACTORS 

Merchandise  Mart 

Superior    7811 

CHICAGO 


Drawing     t^aterldls 


The  World's  Finest 

Surveying  Instruments 

• 

DRAWING   INSTRUMENTS 

SLIDE  RULES 

MEASURING  TAPES 

Unequiiocally  Guaranteed 


KEUFFEL  &  ESSER  CO. 
of  N.  Y. 

520    South    Dearborn    St.  Chlcaqc 


Drawing  Materials 
THE  FREDERICK  POST  CO. 

Hamlin    and    Avondale    Avenues 
CHICAGO 


Electrical    Eguipment 


"BBB" CARBON 

.    .    .   .^inc    IHW 

Electrical     and     Mechanical 

Carbon   Products 

BECKER  BROTHERS  CARBON  CO. 

3450  S.   52nd   Ave.,    Cicero     Cra.v{ord   2260 


Chicago  Transformer 
Corporation 

3S0I    ADDISON   STREET 
Chicago,  lllinoii 

Independence    I  I  20 


41 


ItVANT,       ClIABLES      JoSEril,      Jk.,       CIl.E., 

CJraduatc  Assistant,  Illinois  Institute  of 
Tpchnolopy,  3:300  Kcileral  Street,  Cliieapi. 
Home:  "16  West  8Jn<l  Street.  Cliieap), 
STE  03.52. 

.S.viKKMANx,  C'lKKiiAHor  11.,  Anil..  .Iiines 
.mil  1  aufrliliii  Steel  Oirporation,  22.j(l  West 
ITth  Street,  Chioago.  Home:  20;32  West 
Io:!r(l    Street,   Chicago. 

•Si'iiHOT.  Frkdcrick  Gkohok.  Cli.I'"..  Home: 
2iiU)  Hurlinfr  Street,  Cliicafro. 

.SciiiLTZ,  Cn.vRij;s  Hahou).  Cli.K.,  Univ. 
or  .\rkansas  (Fellowship),  I'"ayettes\  ille, 
Arkansas.  For  mail:  .51-i;J  West  .Vdanis 
Street,  Chicafro,  AUS  1.5()1. 

■ScivrT,  HoiiKRT  William,  M.K.,  Wrif:lit 
.\eriin.iutieal  Corporation,  Paterson,  New 
Jer.scy.  For  mail:  .510  Palace  Street,  Au- 
rora, Illinois. 

SiiAVKK.  .loiix  Dasiki..  E.K.,  Interna- 
tional Business  Machines  C«rp.,  23:!  West 
Madison  Street,  C  h  i  e  a  p  o.  DEA  S2<i(). 
Home:  1  i44  West  Tlst  Street,  Chieajro, 
HAD    2847. 

SiiAW.  Hahuv  Nils.  M.E.,  Crane  Com- 
pany, MC>  S.  Michiiran  .Vvenue,  Cliie.iL'o. 
W.VB  -.iiSo.  Home:  X\f)  Earrafrut  lioad. 
.loliet,   Illinois. 

Sher.  Herbert.  Ch.E.,  Cjirnegie-lllinois 
Steel  Company,  3120  E.  Siltli  Street.  Clii- 
eago.  South  Chicago,  WOO.  Home:  Tflt.) 
Rhodes  .\ venue,  Cliicago. 

SiTZurR,  JoHX  15o^^^:H,  C.E.,  Wheeling 
Steel  Co.,  20G  Dodge  St.,  Peoria,  Illinois. 
Home:  211  Springdale  .\venue,  Peoria, 
Illinois,  24570M. 

Si.A\ax.  Fraxk  Edward.  F.P.E.,  Fire 
Lnderwriters  Inspection  H  u  r  e  a  u,  Ply- 
mouth Bldg.,  Minneapolis,  Minnesota.  For 
mail:   (3939  Cornell   .\%enue,  Chicago. 

Smessaert.  Kaymond  Kiciiard.  M.E., 
Teletype  Corporation,  1  tflO  W.  Wright- 
wood  Avenue,  Chicago,  BL'C  (i200.  Home: 
.5116  North  Kostner  Avenue.  Chicago, 
AVE  9iSl. 

SsiITH.  Frederick  .\htiu  r.  C.F...  Bureau 
of  Engineers,  Division  of  Construction. 
City  of  Chicago.  Home:  7401  CIvde  .Vve- 
nue", Chicago,   BUT  0917. 

Smith  Roger  Keith  lev.  F.P.E.,  Micli- 
igan  Ins])ection  Bureau,  Barium  Tower, 
Detroit,  .Mich.  For  mail:  80:58  Justine 
Street,  Chicago. 

Spencer,  Sidxev  S  e  v  .m  o  r  r.  Ch.E.. 
Stearns  and  Voyta.  1-17  Nortli  State 
Street,  Chicago,  .SUP  Ii71().  Home:  100:5 
West  71st  Street,  Chicago. 

-Sternkeu),  Behxard  Ross.  .M.E.,  I'.  .S. 
Navy,  Naval  .\ircraft  (Inspector  of  En- 
gineering Materials).  Home:  53  Jackson 
.\ venue,  Hackensaek,  New  Jersey. 

Stimpfl.  Rriioi.pii  Karl.  Jr..  M.E., 
.'\merican  Bosch  Cor]).,  Springfield.  Mass. 
For  mail:   li.531    S.   I.aHin   Street,  Chicago. 

Stieciieli,  Conrad  Ernest,  Ch.E.  Home: 
2031  Summerdale  .\venue,  Chicago. 

.Sullivan,  Tiio.mas  Edward,  M.E.,  C!en- 
eral  .\nierican  Aeroco.ich  Co.,  E.ist  13(>th 
and  South  Brandon,  Chicago,  .South  Chi- 
cago 9720.  Home:  .5(>12  South  F.iirfield 
.'\ venue,  Chicago,   HEP  (i:!72. 

SiNDE.  Donald  Helc.esos.  F.P.E.  Home: 
Owatonna,  Minnesota. 

TOE  l.AER,  Charles  Martini  r.  I'.l'... 
Electro  Motive  Corp.,  I.aC.ran-.-.  llli 
nois.  Home:  721  Gunderson  .\viMiie,  Oak 
Park,   Illinois,   EUC  7()7;5. 

U.NDEHIIILL,  ROIIEHT  F.RIC,  Ch.E.  Hoiiie: 
■|.92t.  Middaugh  .\vi-nin-,  Downer^  Grove. 
Illinois. 

I'rBAXIAK.      Edw  UID      W     V  I     II    II  .      M.l',.. 

Crane  Comjianv,  .H:iii  .S.  .Michig.m  Avenue. 
Chicago,  WAB"  3l:i.5.  Home:  lii:il  South 
Karlov  .\venue.  ChicagiL 

Veras.  .\iiivsns  Francis.  E.E.  Home: 
11.517    Harvard    .\veniie,   Chicago. 


Electrical    Equipment 


ELECTRICAL  WINDINGS 
INCORPORATED 

DESIGNERS  and  MANUFACTURERS  of 
ELECTRICAL  WINDINGS  AND  SPECIALTIES 

910  WEST  LAKE  STREET 

CHICAGO,  ILL. 

Telephone   SEEIey   6400 


Phone  Randolpli  1125 
All    Departments 

GOLDBERG    &    O'BRIEN 

ELECTRIC  CO. 

ELECTRICAL     ENGINEERS    AND 

CONTRACTORS 

OFFICE     AND     PLANT 

17  South   Jef?erjon   Street 
Chicago,   Illinois 


Illinois    Electric    Porcelain 
Company 

MACOMB.    ILLINOIS 

E.  J.  BURRIS 

District  Representative 

Telephene    Franklin    8900 

20   North   Wacker   Drive,    Chicago,    Illinois 


FLUORESCENT 
FIXTURES 

NEON   Sign   &    Illumination    Supplies 

INTERNATIONAL  NEON  PRODUCTS 


16   N.    May   St. 
H.  Epstein 


Chicago,    III 
Class  70 


COMMERCIAL  LIGHTING 

FLOOD  LIGHTS 
FLUORESCENT  FIXTURES 

MULTI  ELECTRICAL  MFG.  CO. 

1840  W.    14th   St.,   Chicago,    III. 


Wacnkr.  Kaii-ii  Hknrv.  .M.F...  Crane 
l'oni|i,iin ,  s:i()  S.  Michi^'an  .\veniie.  Chi- 
cago, WAH  Hi:!.-).  Home:  7:il.  Fourth  .\ve- 
nue,  De.s   IMaine.s,   Illinois,  5UI-H. 

Wac.nkr,  Kic'iiARn  .Iohn,  Ch.E.,  Car- 
negie-Illinois .Steel  Coinjiany,  M'ti  E.  .Hllth 
.Street.  Chicago,  .Scnith  "chicairo  «IIH1. 
Home:  71  IKS  N'ormal  Houlevanl,  Chicago. 

Waikoi:.  Kkn.nkth  Harrv.  M.E.,  Crane 
Companv,  .S3(>  S.  .Michigan  .Vvenue,  Chi- 
lago,  WAB  3i:r,.  Home:  2(1+(i  N.  Kedzie 
Avenue,  Chicago. 

Wksski.s.  nKi.A.No  EuoENE,  Ch.E.,  Staiul- 
.ird  Imliistri.il  I'rodncts  (Subsidiary  of 
('■eorgi'  Koch  .Sons,  Inc.),  Evansville,  In- 
diana. Home:  Y..M.C.A.,  Evansville,  lii- 
iliana. 

WiNKi.KH.  .\i,vi.v-  I.oiis.  M.E.,  The  As- 
kani.i  liegnlator  Company,  Ifi03  S.  Mich- 
ig.iti  .\venue,  Chicago,  C.\I,  ()!)27.  Home: 
ll»0.-i.-,  I,afavette  Avenue,  Chicago.  IH'I. 
.iliOi. 


LIGHTING  FIXTURES 

and 

ELECTRICAL  SUPPLIES 

TRIANGLE  ELECTRIC  CO. 

600  West  .Adams  Street 

Chicago 

Jack  Uyrnes  Tel.  H.Wmarket  6202 


Engrav 


340  WEST  HURON  ST.,  CHICAGo' 


Erectors 

MILLWRIGHTS— POWER     TRANSMISSION 
MACHINERY  — ENGINEERS 

THE  INDUSTRIAL  ERECTORS,  Inc. 

188  W.  RANDOLPH  STREET 

SIDNEY    1.    COLE,    (Class    1928) 

CHICAGO 

Erictors    of    Industrial    Machinery    and    Materials 
Handling    Equipment 

Serson  Hardware 
Company 

Established     1907 

INDUSTRIAL  SUPPLIES— SHEET 

METAL  WORK 

109  East  Thirtv-First  Street 

CHIC.4G0 

Phone    Nictory    }  ^^ 


WoiJE,  Wayne  Fr.\ncis,  M.E.,  Contii 
nental  Can  Company,  1-73.5  W.  lith  Street 
Cicero,  Illinois,  E.WV  (W7.5.  Home:  55+: 
S.  Francisco  Avenue,  Chicago,  HE.M  742H 

Woi.Ksox,  Hkr.sari)  Tkrkv,  Ch.E.  Home 
:i."i)fl    Cottage   drove    .Vvenue,   Chicago. 

Woi.i..  HoBiRT  .\i.hi:rt.  E.E.,  Carnegie 
Illinois  .Steel  Com])any,  Maintenance  Di 
vision,  :«2()  E.  8!ltli  Street,  Chicago 
Home:   tujd   Dorchester  .\venue,  Chicago 

Woi.NiAK.  Leonard  John,  M.E..  Cater 
pillar  Tractor  Company,  Peoria.  Illinois 
For  mail:  57:i-t  S.  Paulina  Street,  Chicago 
HEP  :5m. 

W'oKCCSreR,  ElC.ENE  Haroi.o,  F.P.E. 
(lliio  Inspection  Hure.iu,  +:!1  East  Broac 
Street.  Columlnis.  Ohio.  For  mail:  1044 
Wesley    .\veinie.   Oak    Park,    Illinois. 

^'eagkb.  W'iei.iam  Francis.  M.E.,  .•Vmer 
ican  Maize  Products  Co.,  i:!5  S.  LaSalli 
Street,  Chicago,  n.\N  0958.  Home:  7» 
Keba  Place,  Evanston,  Illinois,  GRE  7981 


42 


INDUSTRIAL  HEALTH 

(From  page  20) 
kinds  of  fit-Ids:  safety  eng-ineeriniv. 
industrial  liygiene  engineering,  and 
prextntive  medicine  in  industry.  In 
the  jjractical  working  out  of  these 
problems,  tlie  plant  engineer  can  be 
of  particular  value  because  of  the 
fact  that  he  is  a  technical  man.  Hr 
understands  the  various  processes  of 
manufacturing  in  different  groups, 
and  therefore  is  in  a  position  to  be 
able  to  know  exactly  what  is  taking 
place  in   the   various   operations. 

However,  adequate  understanding 
of  the  significance  of  such  industrial 
operations  with  respect  to  the  healtli 
of  eniploytes,  demands  additional 
kinds  of  knowledge,  such  as  that  in- 
volved in  safety  engineering  and  in- 
dustrial liygiene  engineering.  It 
seems  important  that  various  engi- 
neering courses  include  the  funda- 
mentals and  the  ground-work  with 
reference  to  modern  practices  in 
safetv  engineering  and  industrial 
liygiene  engineering.  Sucli  courses 
should  be  supplemented  by  actual  in- 
spections and  by  different  types  of 
survevs.  both  in  organizations  wlierc 
good  jjrograms  have  jireviously  been 
in  effect  and  also  in  establishments 
where  there  liave  been  no  applica- 
tions  of  health    control    programs. 

All  technical  schools  and  profes- 
sional seliools  of  various  types  of 
courses  have  crowded  curricula,  and 
k  is  almost  impossible  to  get  ad- 
jaiinistrative  officers  of  any  organiza- 
tion to  see  the  necessity  for  includ- 
ling  additional  material.  The  author 
llias  already  encountered  this  difli- 
;'ulty  in  ni 
schools.  an( 
ivork. 

There  is  no  question  that  the  use- 
Fulness  of  the  plant  engineer  could 
je  increased  in  a  practical  way  if  it 
were  possible  to  at  least  expose  him 
:o  the  fundamentals  of  safety  and 
ndustrial  hygiene.  The  plant  engi- 
neer would  certainly  be  in  a  position 
;o  cooperate  with  other  persons  in 
;he  health  control  i)rogram.  particu- 
larly with  the  management,  the  phy- 
Mcian,  nurse,  and  consultants  who 
from  time  to  time  visit  his  plant, 
lecause    of    unusual    jiroblems. 

As  an  aid  to  any  engineer  who 
nay  be  interested,  the  author  has 
"evised  a  eiieck-list  from  which  can 
made  a  record  of  materials  and 
upplies.  processes  and  operations. 
Iind  tiie  methods  and  conditions  un- 
er  which  work  is  performed.  This 
heck-list  will  serve  as  a  starting 
oint  in  the  study  of  potential,  ae- 
ual  or  legal  health  hazards.  The 
nterested  reader  may  secure  a  copy 
;hrough  the  Armour  Kngini-t-r  ami 
■Hum  »  us. 


schools,     nursing 
regular     university 


GOLDENROD 
ICE  CREAM 

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at 

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OF  TECHNOLOGY 


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Hygrometers 


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AND 

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IN  THE  MANUFACTURE  OF 

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1201  Wrightwood  Ave.  CHICAGO 


EVERETT  R.  COLE 

ASSOCIATED  WITH 

FRED.  S.  JAMES  &  CO. 

ESTABLISHED  1872 

INSURANCE 

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TELEPHONE  WABASH  3720 

CHICASO 


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and    ANNUITIES 

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FRANKLIN  0680 


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INVESTMENTS 

THE    FIELD   BUILDING 

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Chicago 

Telephone  Franlclin    1166 


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Furnished  Armour   Relays  by 

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348   Nor+h  Bell  Avenue,  Chicago 

43 


WITH    FM 

(From  page  24) 
1  Mctor  wliicli  torn  ^poiuls  to  tlie 
fr<(|ii(  my  of  tlii  <-.irri(r  ;iii(l  c-iii 
thircforc  lir  .■uidid  t.>  the  siun.il  cur- 
rciit. 

'I'lif  Victor  wliiili  i-,))r.s>  Ills  .-i 
fr<(|iuiu  v-lii()iiiilati(l  I'.irriir  would 
have  a  constant  liiiirtli  Imt  a  \.iry 
iiiir  anirular  \clocity.  A  varviiiir 
anirular  \clocity  can  In-  tlionnlit  of 
as  a  \rctor  whicli  is  cliaiiiiinsj:  its 
phase  with  rr-.|ii-ct  to  one  which 
revolves  at  a  constant  rate.  That  is, 
wlicn  the  velocity  of  our  \cctor  is 
iiiereasinir.  wc  liavi-  a  condition  which 
could  he  thouiiht  of  as  a  |iliasc 
advanccuKnt.  If  this  phase  swini;- 
amounts  to  se\eral  thiuisand  ileirrces. 
it  is  evident  that  the  addition  nf  a 
random  noise  vector  will  produce 
only  ncjrlijiibU-  phase  shift  as  com- 
pared to  the  mO(lulation  of  the  trans- 
mitter. This  means  th.it  interfer- 
ence and  noise  have  otdv  a  minor 
efTect  in  transmission  oxer  a  wid<- 
band     frequency-modulated     system. 

The  receiver  for  this  type  M  car- 
rier must  he  r<sponsi\e  to  :\  fre- 
quency chan;:-!-.  ratlur  than  to  a 
ehanirc  in  ,im|)litude.  To  sup|)rcss 
noise  ,ind  to  reduce  interference,  the 
siirnal  is  tirst  .implified  .uid  then  is 
impressed  upon  a  "liniiter  tube" 
which  holds  the  amplitude  of  the  sig- 
nal to  an  essentially  coust.int  level. 
Tlie  constant  .-implitudi  si^n.-il  is  im- 
pressed on  a  (lex  ii-e  which  h.is  an 
output  proportion.il  to  the  carrier 
fre(pi.ncy.  'I'lie  device  is  c.illcd  a 
"discriminator.  '  .and  eomliiius  the 
properties  of  ,i  fre(|iieney  siusitivc 
eireiiit  and  a  detector.  .>^inee  this  cir- 
cuit functions  ovir  a  wide  fre(|uency 
ranfte,  tiie  hij;li  .is  will  ,is  low  fre 
quineics  arc  easilv  h.iiidh  d  hy  the 
reciiM  r  withmit  distortion.  In  other 
words,  the  tidelity  or  ipi.ility  of 
spei-ch  or  music  o\er  the  frequeiicy- 
niodulated  system  is  not  haiidic.ipjied 
hy  the  loss  id'  .any  Useful  part  of 
the    sound    enertty. 

It  is  easy  to  produce  frequency 
modulation  liy  .a  simph-  device  which 
niiffht  he  illustr.ited  hy  a  condenser 
niieroplione  in  the  tnin  d  circuit  of  a 
sclf-cxcifed  oseill.itor.  In  this  type 
of  microphone.  the  e.ip.icit.ince 
ch.inires  proportion.illy  to  the  sound 
pressure  inipiuiriny'  on  the  di.i- 
plira<;ni.  Therefore  the  frequency  of 
the  oscill.ator  will  he  .in  irm  rse  fiinc 
tion  of  the  pressure  .md  over  .1  lim 
ited  ranj;!-  in  .111  1  s-.enti.illy  linear 
manner.  This  simple  device  c.innot 
be  employed  hy  hro.idcistinu;  sta 
tions  lor  the  re.ison  th.it  radio  st.i 
tions    are     required     to     hold     the     fre- 


Manaqement    Engine 


GRIFFENHAGEN  & 
ASSOCIATES 

Established    1911 

MANAGEMENT  ENGINEERS 

AND  ACCOUNTANTS 


CONSULTANTS    ON     PROBLEMS    OF 

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Chicago 


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CHEMICAL    ENGINEERS 

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Process  Machinery  and  Equipment 

Kwiporators.  all  types,  an.v  service  or  capacitv 

Kilters — pressure    or    rotary    drum    vacimm 

units.       Spiral    Heat     Exchangers  —  counter 

flow. 
-MuIli-st:iKe    \'acuilm    E([uipment — for  vacuum 

L-'iolin^;.     relrigeration.     ileaeration,     distilla- 

lioM.  ik-odorization. 
.Steam    Jet     Vacuum     Pumps— condensers,     all 

types.     Atmospheric      Drum     Drvers — single 

and  double  roll. 
(Vntrifupals — solid    and   perforate   baskets — all 

metals.      Cemroid    speed   control. 
Chemical    Stoneware — full    line    including    suc- 

lion  filters,  pebble  mills,  rolls,   raschig  rinK>. 

t"Wers.    tower    packing.      .\cid    proof    sink-. 

1  il'f.  tanks,  brick,  tile,  eement.  tank  liniiic-. 


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AIR   CONDITIONING 
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REPRESENTED    BY 

MALVIN  &  MAY,  Inc. 


Ray    C.     Malv 


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Chicago,   Illinois 

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CH  iCAGO 


JOS.  GUGGENHEIM 

WALL     PAPER,     PAINTS,     OILS, 
VARNISHES 

WINDOW  GLASS  and  BRUSHES 


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CHICAGO 

TELEPHONES  VICTORY   \  [''l* 


Photographers 


Dramatized  Photography 

FOR  ADVERTISING 
AN  D     I N  DUSTRY 

KAUFMANN&  FABRY  CO. 

COMMERCIAL  ILLDSTRATIVE  PHOTOGRAPBERS 

425  South  Wabash  Avenue  •  Chicago 


MOST  THORODGHLY  EQDIPPED 
PHOTOGRAPHIC  PLANT  IN  AMERICA 


HARRISON  31351 


qucncy  of  tliiir  carrior.s  within  vcrv 
(■lost-  limits.  Ill  orik-r  to  maintain 
tliis  closi-  f ntiiii  lU'v  control,  .i  |)i(Zo- 
ilictric  cryst.il  is  iiscil.  This  ;ip- 
|i.in  lit  .iTKiiii.-ily  ititniiliu-is  onr  of 
the  in.ijor  (lirtirultics  ot  .i  ln(|iirin  y 
iiKxiill.-itid  systiiii.  Tlir  lirohhin  is 
to  iii.'iiiit.'iin  tin-  c.irrirr  ,it  .in  r\.ut 
Iriinuiuy  liy  nii-.ms  of  .i  cryst.il 
.111(1  tlicti  to  v.iry  its  frequency  .ic- 
cordiii!;  to  the  .iiKiio-siLrnal.  Major 
.Vrmstroni;  soKid  this  prnhhni  liy 
|iro(iiiciiiii'     .1     |ih.isi      shift     ,it     .i     In" 


r.adio  frequency:  tticn  by  a  series  o' 
frctiiuiicy  multipliers  which  multiple 
not  only  the  frciiiiency  lint  the  |ih 
.inirlc.  tin-  necessary  frequency  swini 
is  iirodnced.  Hy  multiplyinj;  the  fre 
(luencv  two  or  three  thousand  time 
the  |ili.ise  .inicle  ch.inae  correspond 
to  .1  frequency  swiiii;  \ip  to  tift' 
or  seveiity-tive  thousand  cycles  pe 
second.  The  l;irire  numher  of  st.iirc 
iieeess.irv  for  this  inultiplic.ation  re 
suits  in  .1  r.ither  complicated  trans 
luitter.      llowe\er.     the     niultiplicatioi 


44 


is  accomplished  in  low  power  st.iges, 
so  that   total   cost    is    not   ijreat. 

More  recently,  a  simplification  of 
frequency  modulating  has  been  de- 
veloped. The  frequency  of  a  self- 
excited  oscillator  is  controlled  bv  a 
reactance  tube  which  corresponds  to 
the  condenser  niicro])hone  mentioned 
previously.  Then,  to  prevent  the  av- 
erage frequency  of  the  carrier  from 
drifting  too  far  from  its  assigned 
channel,  a  crystal-controlled  oscil- 
lator constantly  monitors  and  stands 
by  to  automatically  bring  the  carrier 
back   to    its    proper    value. 

Frequency  modulation  receivers 
are  not  inherently  more  expensive 
than  receivers  for  amplitude  modula- 
tion. However,  in  order  to  take  ad- 
vantage of  the  increased  fidelity  pos- 
sible with  frequency  modulation,  the 
acoustic  properties  of  the  receiver 
must   be  better  than  average. 

An  extension  of  audio-frequency 
response  into  the  higher  frequency 
range  must  be  accompanied  by  an 
increase  in  the  low  frequency  re- 
sponse if  balance  is  to  be  main- 
tained. It  is  a  psychological  fact 
that  for  reproduced  music  or  speech 
to  have  a  pleasant  sound,  the  high 
and  low  frequencies  must  be  present 
in  proper  porportion.  Small  table 
models  that  reproduce  the  high  au- 
dio-frequencies efficiently  will  not 
be  satisfactory  because  the  low  fre- 
quencies will  be  lacking.  In  order 
to  reproduce  the  low  frequencies,  a 
reasonably  large  cabinet  with  proper 
acoustical  treatment  is  necessary. 
Aside  from  being  a  piece  of  furni- 
ture, a  radio  receiver  is  also  a 
tausical  instrument  and  the  skill  of 
its  maker  is  reflected  in  its  per- 
formance. 

.\t  ])resent  there  are  several  FM 
stations  in  New  York  and  New 
England,  one  in  Chicago,  and  others 
11  wiilelv  sejiarated  jjarts  of  the 
(Uiiitry.  The  local  exfierimental 
fre(nuncy-modulated  FM  transmitter, 
iVSlXZR.  operated  by  the  Zenith  Ra- 
lio  Corporation  and  located  in  the 
rhicago  Towers,  has  been  in  oiJcra- 
ion  for  about  one  year.  This  station 
Operates  on  a  full-time  schedule  and 
jrovides  an  almost  continuous  mu- 
ical  program,  largely  from  high 
juality  transcriptions.  In  additicni 
o  Zenith,  a  number  of  local  coni- 
lanies  have  a))plied  to  the  h'eder.il 
Communications  Commission  f  o  r 
icenses  to  operate  commercial  b -M 
tations.  Indications  are  that  these 
.pplications  will  be  acted  on  shortly, 
nd  prospects  are  fairly  good  that 
ve  shall  have  four  or  fixe  F.M  st.i- 
ions  in   Chicaaro  earlv  in    19H. 


GOOD  PORTRAIT 
PHOTOGRAPHY 

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OKcial  Pkoloorapher 

for   the 

ARMOUR   ENGINEER  &   ALUMNUS 


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No  Run  Too  long    No  Run  Too  Short 

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JOSEPH  SMEJKAL 

PLASTERING  CONTRACTOR 

Estimates  Cheerfully  Giien 

PLASTER   PATCHING 

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PLUMBING  AND  NORMAL  1114 

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Chicago 


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I'liimhinu  anil  Hvdlinu. 

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HYDE    PARK    0988 

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SOURCES  OF  ENERGY 

(From    page     17) 

No  larire  tidal  jjower  plants  have 
ever  heen  eonstrueted.  but  a  small  one 
developing  three  hundred  horsepower 
has  heen  operated  successfully  in  Ena:- 
laiid.  \  one  million,  two-hundred- 
thousand-horsepower  plant  was  pro- 
pDseil  for  the  mouth  of  the  Severn 
rixer  and  claims  were  made  that 
jiDwer  could  be  generated  at  i.7  mills 
lier  kilowatt  hour.  The  head  on  the 
turbines  was  expected  to  vary  from 
thirty-two  feet  to  five  feet  and  the 
jiower  variation  was  to  be  smoothed 
by  pumiiing  to  a  high-level  reservoir. 
Tile  eveiitu.il  development  at  Passa- 
m.-ujuoddy  H.iy  contemplated  two 
storage  basins  to  be  constructed  by 
damming  the  entrances  to  two  bays. 
One  of  these  basins  would  be  main- 
t.iined  near  high-tide  level  and  the 
other  near  low-tide  level,  and  in  this 
way  a  practically  constant  difference 
would  be  available.  It  has  been  esti- 
mated that  one  million  horsepower 
can  be  develojied  at  this  site.  The 
|)lans  called  for  initial  construction  of 
only  one  basin,  to  be  maintained  near 
low-tide  level;  this  involved  the  use  of 
a  variable  head.  .\s  everyone  knows 
who  reads  the  papers,  this  project  was 
never  completed  and  one  hears  noth- 
ing  about   it   at   the   present   time. 

H jfdro-i-lecir'ic  Poicer.  Falling  wa- 
ter furnishes  a  very  desirable  source 
iif  power  because  by  the  action  of  sun 
.uid  wind  the  water  is  being  contin- 
ually returned  to  its  high  level.  Thus 
we  are  not  consuming  our  principal, 
.is  in  the  ease  of  using  fuels,  but  are 
merely  using  the  interest  on  deposits 
in  the  bank,  to  use  a  simple  an.ilogy. 
Tile  <hief  difficulty  in  develojjing 
power  from  this  source  is  the  wide 
seasonal  variatiini  in  flow  which 
necessitates  large  expenditures  for 
d.-iliis  .-iiid  resrrxdirs.  .Vltlioinih  there 
is  still  eoiisidrr.iM,'  potenti.-il  water 
power  at  undcvelojied  sites,  most  of 
tliese  .ire  remote  from  the  centers 
where  Large  amounts  of  power  are 
used,  .ind  the  tr.insmission  iJroblem 
is  .1  difhcult  one.  .\t  the  present  time. 
tin-  ceoiKiniie.il  limit  for  electric  power 
tr.iiisiiiissiiiii  is  .ilioiil  three  hundred 
miles,  but  rese.-ircli  m.ay  modifv  this 
materially  in  the  future. 

Ilydro-electrie  power  developiiient 
in  some  eases  is  not  eeonoinicallv  fe.i- 
sible  unless  .i  eoiisider.ibh-  ))roportion 
lit  tile  iiiiti.il  iin  cstiiliiit  e;in  be 
>li;.ri;v,l  to  some  other  lis,-  of  the 
«.iter.  such  .is  ii.n  ig;itioii.  or  to  some 
luiietit.  siuii  .-is  flood  control.  In  such 
.1  c.-ise.  the  ]iowrr  is  csMiit  i.illy  .i  by- 
product. 

I-'iirls.  H.idi.iiit  eiiergv  liroadc.ist 
from  tile  siiii  ,i  few  hundred  million 
ye.irs    ago.    rec'cived    by    green    pl.ints 


45 


and  stortil  as  iluniiial  <iii  ri;y.  nmsti 
tiitis  our  most  important  sonrcr  ot 
iiuriry  at  tlif  i)r<scnt  time.  W'lntlitr 
w<-  ust-  it  in  till-  form  of  natnral  iras. 
petroleum  or  coal,  we  are  usinir  up  tlit 
principal  of  a  deposit  which  dr.iws  no 
intrrr^t  an<l  whieli  is  not  lieiiin  ri- 
|,lari(i.  at  least  not  at  a  rate  at  all 
coniiiarahle  to  that  of  its  use.  It  is 
only  ,a  ipiestion  of  time  hefore  the  d.ay 
of  reekoninii  .arrives  when  our  re- 
sources in  thise  v.ihi.ahh-  nialeri.ils 
are  usial  up.  How  louii-  :'  time  will 
thi.s  her  That  is  a  very  ditticult  thinj; 
to  answer  hccausc  it  involves  a  num- 
her  of  unknown  factors.  Kstim.ites 
must  he  based  on  sources  aetu.illy 
surveyed,  and  are  subject  to  nioditica- 
tion  as  new  fields  arc  discovered.  This 
has  happened  so  many  times  in  the 
CISC  of  petroleum  that  the  predictions 
of  jreolosists  about  the  end  of  our 
})etroleuni  supply  have  fallen  into  ill- 
repute.  Estimates  of  time  of  exhaus- 
tion must  also  take  account  of  the 
ehaniie  in  the  rate  of  consumption 
with  the  time.  For  example,  our 
known  resources  of  coal  have  been 
variously  estimated  to  last  from  one 
iiundred  and  ninety  to  thirty-five  hun- 
dred years,  dependinu;  on  what  rate  of 
increase  in  use  is  assumed.  The  lower 
tiirure  is  based  on  an  eifihteen  jjcrcent 
increase  ])er  year,  which  is  the  aver- 
aire  annual  increase  over  the  past  fifty 
years;  the  higher  figure  assumes  no 
increase  over  the  present  rate.  Our 
petroleum  resources  are  estimated  to 
last  about  fifteen  years,  presumably 
at  the  present  rate  of  eonsumjition. 
Actually  of  course  as  we  approached 
the  end,  the  jiroduetion  would  grad- 
ually diminish,  and  the  last  few  b.ir- 
rels  might  still  be  available  .after  .1 
hundred  years  or  more. 

When  we  think  of  fuels  as  .1  source 
of  energy  we  gener.illy  think  of  the 
usual  heat-engine  eyeh-.  This  is  a 
roundabout  way  of  converting  chem- 
ical energy  to  electrical  work  and 
always  involves  a  step  in  which  he.it 
energy  is  converted  to  niechanieal  en- 
ergy. From  the  .'Second  Law  of 
Thermodyn.amics  we  know  th.-it  this 
step  falls  far  short  of  one  hundred 
percent  eonversion.  even  if  the  whole 
mechanism  o))erate(l  in  an  ideal  ni.-ni- 
ner.  What  are  the  |)ossibiIities  for 
directly  converting  the  chemical  en- 
ergy in  .1  fuel  to  electrical  work? 
This  is  a  question  that  has  interested 
experimenters  for  .1  good  m.any  ye.irs 
and  a  considerable  .amount  of  work 
has  been  done  with  some  slight  meas- 
ure of  success,  but  yielding  nothing 
to  date  of  any  great  promise.  F'rom 
a  theoretical  standpoint  the  ehemie.il 
energv  released  when  the  chemical 
reaction  : 

c  --  O .  =  CO. 


t.akes  |ilaee.  is  all  available  to  do 
work.  In  the  case  of  a  hyilrocarbon 
the  ax.iilability  would  be  less;  in  fact 
for  methane  only  sixty-three  percent 
of  the  total  energy  released  by  com- 
bustion is  available  for  work.  Turn- 
ing to  the  |)ractical  side  of  the  ))rob- 
hni,  any  electrolytic  cell  is  a  device 
for  converting  chemical  energy  to 
<hetrieal  energy.  The  ordinary  dry 
cell  consumes  zinc  which  would  be 
too  expensive  as  fuel.  Cells  have  been 
constructed  in  which  the  cell  reaction 
is  a  combustion  of  a  solid  or  a  gaseous 
fuel  but  m;my  mechanical  difiii'ultics 
remain  to  be  overcome  and,  <lue  to 
polarization,  the  output  of  the  cells 
dropped  rapidly.  One  inherent  diffi- 
culty in  any  fuel  cell  is  the  low  in- 
tensity factor  (of  the  order  of  one 
volt)  developed  and  the  consequent 
necessity  of  many  units  in  series.  At 
the  present  time,  there  is  no  fuel  cell 
in  sight  which  offers  promise  of  devel- 
oping into  a  practical  device  for  the 
iicneration  of  power,  and  it  seems 
doubtful  if  an  intensive  research  pro- 
gram directed  toward  improving  such 
cells  is  likely  to  be  very  fruitful,  es- 
pecially in  view  of  other  more  jiromis- 
ing  avciuies  of  a])i)roach  to  the  |)Ower 
jjroblem. 

Atomic  Poxcer.  Since  the  discovery 
of  radioactivity  about  the  turn  of  the 
century  revealed  the  tremendous 
amounts  of  energy  locked  up  in  the 
nucleus  of  the  atom,  men  have 
dreamed  of  the  day  when  this  vast 
store  of  energy  would  be  turned  to 
some  use.  The  nuclei  of  all  atoms  are 
composed  of  the  same  elemental  parti- 
cles— protons,  neutrons,  alpha  parti- 
cles (helium  nuclei)  and  possibly  a  few 
others  that  the  physicists  are  not  sure 
about — but  most  of  the  atomic  nuclei 
are  quite  stable  configurations.  A 
few,  however,  are  unstable,  such  as 
that  of  radium,  .and  disintegrate  spon- 
t.aneously  with  the  release  of  almost 
unbelievable  amounts  of  energy.  For 
example,  the  spontaneous  distintegra- 
tion  of  one  gram  of  radium  gives  off 
energy  equivalent  to  the  combustion 
of  .500,000  grams  of  coal.  There  are 
two  good  reasons  why  this  particular 
source  of  energy  will  never  be  of  any 
))raetieal  value  :  (1)  because  radium 
is  exceedingly  scarce;  and  (2)  be- 
cause it  disintegrates  very  slowly — 
only  one-half  of  any  given  amount  in 
2.000  years — and  we  know  of  no  way 
to  sj)eed  it  up.  Recently  physicists 
have  discovered  that  artificial  radio- 
activity can  be  induced  in  many  other 
elements  by  bombardment  of  their 
iMulei  with  high-speed  atomic  projec- 
tiles, but  the  process  is  hopelessly 
inefficiint.  It  t.akes  f.ir  mort  (  n(  rgy 
to  induei-  the   tinipor.irv   ,nti\itv,  tli.m 


is    reh  ased     wiKii    the     foreed    disinte 
gration   takes   place. 

As  we  have  noted,  the  cause  of  the 
great  energy  release  in  the  distinte 
gration  of  nuchi  is  ))robably  the  con 
version  of  matter  to  energy  as  already 
jjointed  out.  In  order  to  obtain  large 
releases  of  energy  from  a  small  input, 
there  must  be  a  "trigger"  effect  or  a 
"eh.iiii  n  action. "  by  which  we  mean 
tli.at  .in  initial  impulse  must  start  a 
whole  series  of  self-propagating  re- 
actions, such  as  occurs  when  a  fuel-air 
mixture  is  ignited.  No  such  chain 
mech.anism  w.is  known  in  the  field  ot 
atomic  ))hysies  until  the  discovery  less 
th.in  a  year  ago  of  the  phenomenon 
of  ur.inium  fission,  the  implications  of 
which   we   will   discuss   |)resently. 

FLTLKE    POSSIBILIT1H.S 

There  are  three  main  avenues  of 
approach  to  the  problem  of  the  energy 
sup|)ly  of  the   future,  namely: 

(  1  )    Further    development    of    well- 
tried   sources 
(2)    Increase    of    the    efficiency    of 
])resent  energy  transformations 
(:})    Development    of    new    sources 

through  research 
There  is  still  considerable  unde- 
veloped w.iter  power  in  this  country. 
.Some  estimates  place  it  as  high  as 
.-)0.000.000  kilowatts,  which  is  consid- 
erably more  than  our  present  gener- 
ating capacity  in  central  stations.  Due 
to  remoteness  from  industrial  centers, 
it  is  not  economically  feasible  to  de- 
velop much  of  it  at  the  present  time, 
but  with  improvements  in  transporta- 
tion and  in  transmission  of  power  and 
with  shifting  of  centers  of  population, 
it  will  become  desirable  to  consider 
such  development. 

Better  utilization  of  our  coal  sup- 
])ly  will  come  about  through  improve- 
ments in  mining  methods,  in  the  proc- 
essing of  coal,  in  transportation  and 
in  various  other  ways,  but  lack  of 
si)ace  forbids  any  extended  discussion. 
Perh,i|)s  the  most  obvious  way  to  in- 
crease (Uir  useful  energy  supply  is 
through  greater  efficiency  in  the  steps 
th.at  are  involved  in  the  unlocking  of 
the  stores  of  ehemical  energy  in  fuels. 
Incrcaxiiifi  Ihr  Kfficiciici/  of  Energy 
Traiisfiirmatinns.  Ever  since  the  time 
when  the  first  crude  steam  engines 
were  introduced  for  pumping  water 
from  mines,  there  h.is  been  a  slow  but 
steady  increase  in  the  thermal  efficiency 
of  fuel-power  plants.  Watt's  steam 
engine  was  a  great  improvement  over 
the  Neweomen  engine,  and  a  further 
big  step  W.IS  taken  when  the  steam 
turbine  replaced  the  reciprocating 
engine,  making  possible  not  only 
higher  energy  efficiencies  but  much 
larger  power  units.  In  recent  years 
the  trend  has  been  toward  the  use  of 


46 


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higher  temperatures  at  wliieh  heat  is 
taken  into  the  engine,  tliereby  increas- 
ing the  availability  of  the  heat  en- 
erg}-.  This  is  accoinphshed  mainly  by 
the  use  of  higher  steam  pressures  but 
also  by  using  binary  fluid  cycles. 
Modern  steam  plants  now  produce  one 
kilowatt-hour  of  energy  on  a  little 
less  than  one  pound  of  coal,  cor- 
responding to  an  energy  efficiency  of 
about  28*^^  which  may  be  compared 
with  the  maximum  possible  efficiency 
(Carnot  cycle)  of  60^^;  for  900  de- 
grees Fahrenheit  intake  temperature 
and  80  degrees  Fahrenheit  exhaust 
temperature.  With  l.tOO  pounds  jx-r 
square  inch  steam  pressure  and  these 
same  temperature  limits,  the  ideal 
Rankine  cycle  has  an  efficiency  of 
42..5%.  The  mercury-steam  cycle  is 
able  to  produce  one  kilowatt  hour 
from  9000  British  thermal  units,  or 
an  actual  efficiency  of  38''r.  Diesel 
engines  are  theoretically  capable  of 
considerabh-    higher    efficiencies,    and 


improvements  in  metals  will  probably 
permit  us  to  attain  still  higher  tem- 
peratures in  steam  or  binary  fluid 
cycles.  Solution  cycles,  which  lack 
of  space  prevents  us  from  discuss- 
ing, may  offer  promise  of  material 
increase  in  thermal  efficiency,  and  the 
surface  of  this  subject  has  barely 
been  scratched.  The  general  conclu- 
sion is  that  there  is  still  eonsider.ibli- 
room  for  improvement  in  the  conver- 
sion of  the  chemical  energy  in  fuels 
to  mechanical  energy  through  the  use 
of  heat-engine  cycles,  and  significant 
advances  will  be  iii.-ide  in  the  next  few 
decades. 

After  we  get  nieehanical  energy 
from  fuels  we  still  dissipate  large 
proportions  of  it  through  very  ineffi- 
cient transformation  processes.  For 
ixample.  the  conversion  of  electrical 
energy  to  produce  light  is  extremely 
inefficient  and  only  recently  great 
strides  have  been  taken  toward  im- 
proving the   luminous   output    from    a 


given  quantity  of  electrical  energv. 
Much  more  can  be  done  in  this  direc- 
tion. 

Till-  Motor  Fuel  Problem.  This  ap- 
piars  to  be  our  most  acute  energy 
problem,  if  the  statements  of  most 
authorities  on  the  world's  pertoleum 
resources  are  accepted.  Without  en- 
tering into  a  discussion  of  this  highly 
controversial  subject,  let  us  see  what 
new  sources  we  might  turn  to  in  the 
event  of  dwindling  petroleum  supplies. 
There  are  at  least  six  possibilities, 
and  we  can  only  list  them  and  dis- 
luss  them  very  briefly.  Thev  are: 
{  1  )  increasing  production  from  wells; 
(  2 )  increased  yields  from  petroleum ; 
(3)  use  of  solid  fuels;  (i)  use  of  al- 
cohol; (5)  motor  fuels  from  coal: 
(6)  oil  shales.  The  petroleum  indus- 
try has  devoted  increasing  attention 
to  methods  (1)  and  (2).  As  a  result, 
the  ))roduction  of  oil  from  a  given 
well  has  been  increased  and  old  wells 
have  been  revitalized;  the  yields  of 
motor  fuel  from  a  barrel  of  oil  have 
been  steadily  increased,  and  at  the 
same  time  the  quality  has  been  im- 
proved. By  efficient  utilization  of 
natural  and  refinery  gases,  it  is  pos- 
sible to  make  a  further  substantial 
increase  in  the  annual  production  of 
motor  fuels  without  taking  a  single 
barrel  more  of  petroleum  out  of  the 
ground  than  we  now  do. 

Although  motor  vehicles  have  been 
developed  in  Europe  to  utilize  solid 
fuels,  they  partake  of  the  nature  of 
curiosities.  Since  we  are  blessed  with 
most  of  the  world's  petroleum  re- 
serves, there  probably  will  be  no  de- 
mand for  such  vehicles  in  this  coun- 
try for  many  years  to  come. 

Alcohol  as  a  source  of  energy  for 
motor  vehicles  has  been  extensively 
used  abroad,  and  in  an  experimental 
way  in  this  country  by  blending  it 
with  other  fuels.  Unfortunately,  the 
problem  of  power  alcohol  has  not  al- 
w.iys  been  approached  from  a  strictly 
engineering  or  factual  Jioint  of  view. 
but  has  been  mixed  up  with  the  po- 
litie.il  question  of  relief  to  the  farmer. 
The  f.icts  arc  relatively  simple.  There 
is  no  question  but  what  alcohol  in 
blends  with  gasoline  or  even  alone 
is  a  satisfactory  motor  fuel,  and  proc- 
esses for  making  it  from  almost  any 
earbohvdrate  m;iteri.il  such  as  corn. 
sug.ir  lane.  sorghum,  wheat,  cellulosic 
wastes  of  v.irious  kinds,  etc..  are  well 
known.  Aleoliol  is  not  equivalent  to 
gasolini  (in  .i  volume  basis,  its  total 
avail.ible  chemical  energy  content  be- 
ing only  about  seventy  percent  of 
that  of  gasoline.  The  question  of  its 
use  today  is  simply  a  matter  of  eco- 
nomies. It  costs  three  or  four  times 
as  much  to  produce  a  gallon  of  al 
cohol  as  a  gallon  of  gasoline  even  with 


47 


f.i\  (iralilc     |iri<-ts     fur    tlu      r.iw     iii.iti' 
rial. 

On  tlu-  other  li.iiui  it  is  coiiit'ortiiiic 
to  know  tli.it  «i  lan  turn  to  tliis 
soiiric  of  iiuTfiy  ulun  anil  if  onr 
pttroKinn  risourcts  bi-irin  to  fail. 
\\  Inn,  liowtvir.  one  hcj^ins  to  ion 
sidir  tile  ()uantity  of  raw  matt-rials 
mcissary  to  rtplai-c  our  present  de- 
nianil  for  iia.soline.  sonu-  discinirajiini; 
facts  cinerjic.  The  entire  » lieat  erop 
of  the  I'nited  States  in  lict.")  wouhl 
produce  only  enoujih  alcohol  to  n 
place  about  ten  percent  of  the  iraso 
line.  All  of  the  corn  would  lia\ . 
{riven  aliout  thirty  percent  replace- 
ment. The  entire  L'nitcd  States  pro 
duction  of  ten  princi))al  carbohydrate 
crops  in  1  !).■!-■>  would  have  ijivcn  about 
forty-seven  ])ereent  replacement.  It 
is  quite  evident  that  airriiidtural  sur 
pluses  would  be  only  a  drop  in  the 
bucket  and  if  we  fuel  our  ears  from 
this  source  we  shall  have  to  u;o  with- 
out these  foods  for  ourselves.  Of 
course  it  is  recoiinized  that  cellulosic 
farm  wastes  such  as  stalks,  hulls, 
corn  cobs  and  the  like  niiicht  yield  a 
siicnifie.ant  amount  of  .alcohol,  but  the 
probliin  of  collection  and  transporta- 
tion to  a  central  plant  is  a  bij;  one. 

In  passinj;,  it  is  of  interest  to  note 
that  it  takes  more  eneray  to  |)roduee 
a  gallon  of  alcohol  than  you  can  iret 
from  it  by  combustion,  so  that  the  net 
contribution  to  the  .available  encriry 
supply  is  a  ncijative  one.  All  you  irain 
is  cneriry  in  a  more  eimveniently  usa- 
ble form  for  .i  speeitie  pur])ose.  No 
one  h.is  .-ipp.-irently  ijiven  nnich 
thouirlit  to  the  ipiestion  of  where  tbe 
enertry  for  the  |iroeessini:-  is  to  come 
from. 

Motor  fuels  can  \n-  ni.-idr  sue.(  ss- 
fully  from  coal  or  other  solid  fut  Is 
by  ".it  le.ist  two  processes  that  haV( 
bi-.n  de\  eloped  within  the  jiast  twenty 
years.  'I'hese  i)rocesses  .are  used  on  .i 
large  scale  in  Huropc  ami  can  be  in- 
troduced here  if  conditions  warr.int 
it.  It  is  .aii.ain  an  economie  ratiier 
than  a  t<(hiiieal  i)r()lihni.  The  proc- 
esses h;i\i'  been  worked  out  but  the 
products  e.innot  conipitc  in  cost  with 
motor   fuels    from    petroleuTn. 

In  oil  sh.alcs  we  h.avc  .another  l.ir^f 
potenti.al  source  of  motor  fuil  wliieh 
we  can  tall  back  on  if  need  .irises.  It 
is  jirob.ably  tru«  tli.it  motor  fuel  can 
be  made  more  ehe.i))ly  from  coal  or 
liirnites  than  from  oil  sh.alcs.  so  that 
the  (piestioii  of  utilizing  the  sh.iles  is 
one  which  m.ay  be  postponed  for  .in 
indefinite    period. 

Atomic  Kiicrf/i/.  Tin  re  li.is  been  a 
strcat  reviv.al  of  interest  in  the  possi- 
bility of  tapijinic  this  |)r;utic,dly  in- 
exh.iustiblc  source  since  the  discovery 
by  two  (ierman  ))hysicists  early  in 
lii;!!t  that  the  atom  of  the  elinu  nt 
uranium  cm  be  split   into  twii  a))])rox 


ini.itely  ei|u.il  parts  with  the  rele.ase 
of  .in  enormous  .miount  ot  eiieriry  rel- 
.itiM-  to  thi'  .amount  of  matiri.il  in- 
\ol\ed.  The  process  is  ireiierally 
n  ft  rred  to  .is  uranium  (ission.  Tin 
few  f.iets  tli.it  .arc  known  .are  so 
st.irtlinir  th.it  they  have  stinuilated  a 
great  deal  of  wild  specul.ation  by  nu- 
merous jiopular  writers  on  science 
.and  engineering,  .and  m.iny  .assump- 
tions iinwarr.inteii  by  the  present 
known  facts  h.ave  been  m.aile.  Let  us 
trv  to  sep.iratc  f.ict  from  fancy  and 
si  e  whether  atomic  enirity  is  .anytbing 
to   get   excited   .about. 

The  known  facts  in  the  case  ,it  the 
present  time,  plus  some  slight  the- 
orizing on  fairly  sure  grounds,  may 
for  our  l)rescnt  ])urpose  be  boiled 
down  to  the  following: 

(  I  )  The  energy  release  per  atom 
of  uranium  is  about  1  7."), 000 ,000  elec- 
tron volts.  This  figure  is  predicted 
bv  theorv  .and  h.is  been  confirmed  by 
experiment.  In  terms  more  familiar 
to  the  engineer  this  means  th.at  one 
pound  of  uranium  is  equivalent  to 
about  2,000,000  pounds  of  coal,  in 
terms  of  total  enerav  that  cm  be  re- 
leased. 

(  2  )  The  fission  process  a()pears  to 
t.ake  i)l;ice  imly  when  the  isotope  of 
uranium  of  .atoniii-  weight  2;!.")  ( writ- 
ten L'-'')  is  bomb.arded  by  slow  neu- 
trons. The  eonnnon  isotope.  I  — ^. 
does  not  appear  to  give  the  reaction. 
L'--'"'  constitutes  only  0.7  percent  of 
ordinary  uranium  as  it  occurs  nat- 
urally and  the  same  ratio  would  hold 
for  any  salt  of  the  metal. 

(  :i  )  Fission  aiijicars  to  be  a  chain  of 
self-jiropagating  reaction  but  this  h.is 
not  vet  been  confirmed  experimentally. 
To  secure  the  chain  reaction  will  re- 
quire th.at  the  I"-"-'  isotope  be  con- 
centr.ited  to  sonn-  point  still  undeter- 
mined. 

I  f  )  Only  .a  few  millionths  of  a 
gr.im  of  L'-  '  h.ave  been  sep.arated 
from  ordinary  ur.aninm  bv  tlie  mass 
s|)ectogr.aj)h. 

(.">)  The  fission  is  produced  only 
bv  slow  neutrons  which  can  be  m.ade 
from  the  more  common  f.ast  inies  by 
lil.aein;;  in  their  p.ath  water  or  p.ir.itfin 
or  .any  subst.anee  with  .a  I.argi-  jiropor- 
tion   of  hydrogen. 

I  (i  1  The  ex.act  course  of  the  reac- 
tion is  not  known.  .\  nnmbir  ot  dif- 
ferent .atomic  fr.agnients  have  been 
recognized. 

The  extrai)olation  from  tlits,-  slen- 
der facts  to  a  practical  scheme  for 
producing  ])ower  is  enormous,  .mil  it 
will  ei  rtainly  t.ike  .a  lot  more  knowl- 
edge th.m  we  now  possess  to  bridge 
this  a.ap.  one  so  lightly  skijiind  over 
by  the  "))opularizers"  of  science.  .\s 
suminir  th.at  fission  is  .a  eh.ain  reaction, 
if  the  I'-'-'''  isotope  is  to  be  eoneen- 
tratid,  how  miiiht  the  concentration  be 


.iceomplished  ?  Isotopes  ditler  only  in 
mass  and  hence  a  separating  process 
nmst  be  based  on  this  proiKTty.  Two 
nrttlii)d.s  have  been  suggested:  (1) 
use  of  the  ultr.a  s))ecd  centrifuge:  and 
(2)  thermal  ditt'usion.  Hoth  methods 
have  been  successfully  used  for  other 
isotope  separations  but  the  situation  { 
is  a  ))articul.arly  unfavorable  one  in 
this  ease  bee.iuse  of  the  small  per-  | 
eent.ige  ditleniici  in  mass  between 
the  two  isoto|)es.  These  methods  op- 
erate best  on  g.ascs  and  it  is  interest- 
ing to  note  that  only  one  compound 
of  uranium  is  known  that  is  a  gas 
at  ordinary  temperatures.  This 
uranium  hcxafluoride.  which  is  a  solid 
.at  room  temperature  but  sublimes  to 
.1  gas  at  about  fifty-six  degrees  C'enti- 
gr.ade.  No  results  have  been  rci)orted 
.IS  vet  on  the  separation  of  the  ura- 
nium isotopes  by  cither  of  these  meth- 
ods. Kvcn  in  .a  much  more  favorable 
ease  th.an  this,  the  thermal  diffusion 
method,  which  ajjpcars  to  be  the 
otfering  most  promise,  is  very  slow 
and  the  energy  efficiency  is  low.  From' 
some  recently  j)ublished  estimates  on 
separation  of  uranimum  isotopes 
thermal  diffusion  and  from  actual  ' 
data  on  the  separation  of  carbon  iso- 
topes, it  appears  that  the  energy  efii- 
ciency  of  the  ))rocess  is  such  that  the 
energv  requinment  for  a  concentra- 
tion of  the  L'-'-'  isoto|)e  from  the 
j)resent  0.7  )>ercent  to  aiiout  ten  times 
this  value  is  considerably  greater  than 
the  energy  which  would  be  released 
if  .ill  the  L'-'^'  so  concentrated  were 
to  be  subjected  to  fission.  Further 
research  m.ay  Jioint  the  w.ay  to 
crease  the  etiiciency  of  the  sep.ar.ition 
process  or  reveal  other  ways  ot 
comi>lishing  it  with  a  smaller  encrgVi 
exjienditure.  We  must  conclude,  liow- 
e\er.  th.at  tin  re  is  no  way  in  sigllt  at 
the  (ireseiit  time  of  bringing  about 
;i  reasonable  concentr.ition  .anil  le.iv  iug 
a   favorable  energy  b.alance. 

No  one  b.as  yet  (iroduced  anyth 
more  than  .an  insignificant  amount  of 
energy  from  iir.miuni  fission,  but  on 
the  .assumption  th.it  the  concentration 
jiroblcm  coidil  be  soKi  d,  various  scien- 
tists h.ave  specul.ited  on  the  methods 
of  gener.iting  |)ower.  The  .amount  of 
m.ateri.al  available  is  not  a  serious  ob- 
st.icle.  .\lthough  uranium  ores 
not  I  x.ictly  common,  still  the  known 
supplies  arc  certainly  surticient  to 
gener.ate  a  very  Large  amount  of  en- 
ergy. The  mcch.anism  for  starting  the 
fission  cm  be  quite  simple  and  does 
not  invohi  the  Large  and  impres 
cyclotrons  or  electrostatic  generators 
th.at  one  usu.illy  .associates  with  atom- 
splitting  exiH-riments.  .\  mixture  ol 
r.idium  and  beryllium  is  .i  source  o) 
neutrons  and  w.iter  will  slow-  the  neu- 
trons to  the  ])oint  wlicre  they  car 
st.irt    the    fission,   .md   once   started  il 


48 


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lould  j)r()j);iii-;itr  itself  just  like  a 
»mlnisioii  reaction.  Since  the  fission 
self  aj)])arciitly  cvolxes  fast  iieu- 
■ons,  the  ])rcsencc  yf  liquid  water 
ill  apparently  he  neces.sary  to  insure 
intinuance  of  tlic  reaction,  and  this 
III  be  used  as  a  mean.s  of  control. 
hu.s  the  ur.niiuni  salt  or  oxide  would 
t  like  ,1  fuel  and  deliver  its  energy 
i  heat  to  ,1  working  fluid  which 
uld  then  he  used  in  the  ordinary 
ly  in  a  heat  euii'ine.  This  may  ap- 
ar  to  be  a  bit   fantastic   but   still   it 

not  beyond  the  bounds  of  ])ossiliil- 
f.     It   does,    however.    a])pe.ir    to    nie 

be  quite  absurd  to  no  (ui  ami  spci- 
ate  on  the  many  ways  in  which  we 
ght  utilize  this  power  and  to  jire- 
nd  that  the  whole  way  of  civilization 
11  be  revolutionized  by  it  when  we 
ve  not  yet  producid  from  this  scuiree 
single  British  thermal  iniit. 

GENERA!,  CON'CI.USION  S 

(1)  For  many  ye.-irs  to  couu'  we 
11  continue  to  dei)cu(l   on   fuels   and 


falling  water  for  jxiwer.  There  is 
nothing  in  sight  .at  the  present  time 
M-hieh  e.-m  t.-ike  their  ))l.-ice  on  :i\iv 
appreeialile  ^e,,le.  There  will  be 
sti'ady  iiu're.ases  in  the  ettieieney  of 
])ro(lueiug  and  utilizing  fuels  whieh 
will  prob.-ibly  nuet  the  inere.ising  de- 
mands f(U-  )iower.  More  w;iter  power 
sites   will    lie   (levelo)ied. 

(■_')  Direct  eonversioii  of  tlu'  chem- 
ical energy  of  fuiU  to  eieetrie.'il  en- 
ergy h;is  made  little  progress  .iml 
there  is  nothing  in  sight  at  the  ])res 
ent  time  to  lead  one  to  expect  any 
]iractic;il    ilex  ilopmeuts, 

(:i)  111  spite  iif  the  preilietiiuis  of 
exh.austiim  of  our  jictrolcum  reserves 
in  (ifteen  or  twenty  years,  discovery 
of  new  liehk  .iiid  advances  in  ])ro- 
dueing  .and  relining  leehnolngy  seem 
likely  to  postpone  this  for  sever.il 
di'c.ades.  When  petroleum  productiini 
is  deliniteU  on  the  w.ine  we  i;m  turn 
to  methods  .already  dcviloped  for  pro- 
ducing motor  fuels  .and  fuel  oils  from 
co.il.    .\lcohol  from  carbohvdratc  crops 


;uid  f.iriii  w.istes  e.in  .also  su|)ply  at 
le.ist    ;i    p.art    of    our    needs. 

(  f )  Power  from  tides  is  technically 
possible  but  will  ])robably  remain  eco- 
iiomie.illy    unfeasible   for  many  years. 

(  .")  )  I'owc  r  from  the  earth's  heat  or 
from  temperature  differences  in  the 
ocean  offer  litth  promise  .as  future 
l.irge-scale  sources   of  power. 

(<))  Dinct  use  of  solar  radiation 
is  not  xery  ))romising  in  the  light  of 
|)reseiit  know  h  dge  but  long-range  re- 
siarcl thi  problem  should  be  con- 
tinued in  the  hope  of  making  discov- 
eries   which    may   .alter  the   picture. 

(7)  Recent  discoveries  h.ave  ))laced 
■  itomie  power  .it  le.ast  xvithin  the 
Ixuuids  of  possiliility  but  most  of  the 
stories  .about  it  in  the  |)ublic  press 
are  <|uite  f.aiit.astie  .and  xx'ithout  a  basi.s 
in  established  fact.  Research  should. 
of  course,  be  iutensircly  pursued  not 
necessarily  with  this  end  as  a  definite 
goal  but  jiurelx  in  the  spirit  of  the 
search  for  truth,  xvitli  the  possibility 
of  finding  the  key  to  .atomic-  jjower  as 
,1    by-))rodiiet. 

These  eouelusions  .are  simply  one 
lierson's  predictions  b.ased  on  the 
,ix  .ail.ible  exidenee.  .iiid  predictions  are 
.ilxv.ays  li.iz.irdoiis.  I  .am  reminded  of 
the  folloxxiiig  preiiieticin  of  the  great 
I'reneli  piiiloso]>her,  August  Comte: 
'There  ,iri  some  things  of  which  the 
lium.iu  r.iee  must  forever  remain  in 
iguor.iuee:  for  ex.-nuple,  the  chemical 
('(institution  of  the  heavenly  bodies." 
Comte  died  ill  l.s.'iT  .and  just  two 
ye.irs  Later  Hiiiiseii  .and  Kirchhofl'  an- 
iiouncid  their  diseoxcry  of  spectrum 
.in.ilxsis.  Only  ten  years  Later  .F.ann- 
scu  and  (independently)  l.ockyer  dis- 
lovered  helium  in  the  sun,  which  was 
long  before  its  discovery  on  the  earth. 
Who  xx'ould  li.ixi  the  temerity  to  say 
tii.it  .any  of  the  sourcPv  of  energy  that 
noxc  seem  f.iiit.istie  to  Us  can  never 
beeoiiie  pr.aetie.il  n  .il itic-s  even  in  our 
lifetiuu  ? 

liihiitiiirnph  /I 

M.iuy  sourei  s  li.ixe  lucn  consulted 
ill  g.athering  the  ui.aterial  on  xvhich 
this  |).aper  is  b.ised  .and  it  is  luit  prac- 
ticable to  gixe  specific  refc'reiua'  to  .all 
of  tlicui.  Ill  gi  iier.al  the  m.ain  sources 
xvere  the  foilowiiii;'  journ.als.  books 
.and    p.amphlets: 

I'UiisU;!   /,■,;■;,„■. 

/'.-ic.r. 

T,rhiinl„„,l  /.•(:■;<;.■  (iml.lie.ili.iM  of  the 
Ahiimii    .Xssneiatii.n    of    M.    I.   T.). 

Sr!<i,l!fir   Mnnthhi. 

Sri,  I,,;'  .V,;e..     I.ilhr. 

Sl,,i:h„„.<,    nf  I  ivilr.^tl.iii.  liy  C.  C.  Fiir- 

I'holusiiiilhi. ■<!.-■.    liv    .Spoc-lir. 

r,rhiinh,oir„l  Tn',,,1.-^  anil  \nl!,„i,il  I'ol- 
irii.    In     National    U.-soiirc-cs    Cominitlc.'. 

'.\/o/,o-  /••»,/.-■  lr„,„  r.nin  I'ni.lnrls.  V.  S. 
Drpartnirnt  of  A  L'riciilturr.  Misc.  I'lihli- 
eation,    Xo.   M.'T. 


49 


mmM^-^m 


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51 


ILLinOIS 

mSTITUTE  OF  TECHnOLOGV 


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52 


TIIVIKEN  Tapered  Roller  Bearings 


Industry's  bearing  problems  constantly  are  Increasing  In  number  and 
importance  due  to  the  rapid  developments  and  improvements  In  machin- 
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Speeds  are  going  higher  and  higher.  Operating  loads — both  radial  and 
thrust — are  becoming  heavier  and  heavier.  Working  clearances  of  moving 
parts  are  getting  closer  and  closer. 

So  In  order  to  meet  all  modern  requirements  an  anti-friction  bearing  must 
be  able  to  do  a  lot  more  than  eliminate  friction.  It  must  also  be  able  to 
carry  any  load  or  combination  of  loads  that  are  imposed  on  It — radial,  thrust  or  both  to- 
gether— and  at  the  same  time  hold  shafts,  gears  and  other  vital  moving  parts  In  correct 
and  constant  alignment. 

TIMKEN  Tapered  Roller  Bearings  have  been  doing  all  of  these  things — and  doing  them 
effectively — for  more  than  41  years.  Today  they  are  used  in  automobiles,  motor  trucks, 
trailers,  streamlined  trains  and  locomotives,  steel  rolling  mills,  precision  machine  tools — in 
fact  wherever  smoothness,  accuracy  and  stamina  must  be  assured. 

TIMKEN  Bearings  are  made  by  one  of  the  world's  out- 
standing engineering-manufacturing  Institutions  ...  a 
large  and  financially  strong  organization  with  complete 
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the  world's  largest  electric  furnace  steel  capacity. 


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TAPERiD  ROLLER  REARIHG5 


THE    TIMKEN    ROLLER    BEARING    COMPANY,   CANTON,   OHIO 


The  attractive  Gift 
Carton  that  says 


Copyright  l>10.  liGOin  &  Mvea^  Tobacco  Co 


^ 


MARCH,  1941 


•••■ST'  ■,..   '^,  1' 


m. 


"  1  '« 
V^*.  •%  1 


M_pl-(  ^  I  ^l''  <>/  il"  rvmiirkiihly  /iiirr  iinil  uniform  wliilv  mlor  Hiiro  liloiir  ii.ic  is  wiiiiiinu:  "c/e 
JJ  fii\<>r  in  man}'  iiiiliislrirx.  \lori-  and  iiiorr  iniiniifiirliirrrs  nre  sliiniliirilizin<r  on  it  iis  llie 
roinplvlrly  rrlitililv  Uliiiir  I  i.ic  for  use  in  /iro<lurl.s  wlirrc  t/utilily  unit  iiniforinily  of  results  nre  essen- 
liiil.  itl\itnln>^eons.  loo.  is  the  iil>svnre  of  free  nlkiilinily  or  ociililw  orliinid  liy  llie  nnnsiiolly  ri^iil 
nielliiiils  /)  //(■((  eni/>loys  lo  ronlrol  ils  nrnlriilily.  The  resnil  is  lliiil  il 
nuiy  hr  nseil  with  ron/iilenie  for  ii  ■srent  \iirirly  of  jinr/iosis.  I  on  ore 
insiteil  lo  send  for  IrinI  i/nonlities  iind  niol;e  tests  in  \onr  /iroresses, 
M  itro  lllonr  I  ire  is  nmilnhle  in  .'>(!  on, I  KKI  III.  Ini'j:s  ond  H.'itl  Ih.  horrels. 


sMt\tiH'TrMr/:t:n.  i\0 


M  iM  /  i(  ti  «;.«>   f  >/(  IC\f(ii<i hii>. 

yr,    \l;„li...i,    \..-.    •    II... Ml     \l,ll.    -I     •   (    I,,..,-...    Iril.iiiii-    l..«.r  •    '    1.  wl.,„,l.    1,1(1 

N    I     •  ll.,ll;,.     I.  X....  Mil  11,11:,.    \ .,1  ll.,,,L   It, ,,1.1, M.J  •  W  ,1,-..   MM,,,,.-    «  II,..  (),l  ,v  1 

I  II,  I',..,,.,  r  x-|.i,.,ii  I  ..„,|.„,,,  .  r i„,,.ii.  1  .,, „,|,:„,>  •  1  ,,r,iL-M  oir,,-..  I !..„.  I  , 

UL)   DIRECT  .t\U  I'Rtnir  DIRECTLY 


6'BCantbus  /\/ews 


FLOATING  POWER 

BACK  in  '29,  when  rhe  water  siippK  in  Tacoma, 
Washiington,  was  so  low  that  rhe  hydro- 
electric stations  could  not  generate  enough 
electricity  tor  the  city's  requirements,  the  U.S.S. 
Lexington  —  a  turbine-electric  drive  airplane  car- 
rier— supplied  the  power  necessary  to  titie  rhe  city 
rhrough  rhe  emergency. 

A  year  larer  on  the  opposite  side  ot  the  country, 
the  Jacoiia,  a  ship  built  during  the  last  war,  was 
made  into  a  floating  power  plant  by  installing 
two  io,ooo-kw  turbine-generators  in  its  hull.  Ir  is 
at  present  in  service  on  the  Piscaraqua  Ri\er 
near  Portsmouth,  N.   H. 

General  Electric  is  ni)\\  studying  the  possibiliries 
of  a  i;o,ooo-kw  floaring  power  plant,  which  could 
be  towed  through  America's  coastal  and  inland 
waterways  and  hooked  up  to  regular  distribution 
lines  to  generate  electricity  in  emergencies.  .Such  a 
gcneratinsz  station  Cf)uld  be  housed  m  a  hull  similar 
to  that  ot  a  lake  treiyhrer. 


GIANT  ATOM  SMASHER 

So  pi)\serhil  rhat  its  atom-smashing  beam  ot 
ions  would  melt  an  ordinary  brick  as  tast  as  a 
blowtorch  would  melt  a  pound  ot  butter  will  be 
the  U.  of  California's  new  100,000,000-volt  cyclo- 
tron. The  4900-ton  giant — 16  times  more 
powerful  than  the  present  outfit  -will  generate 
atomic  energies  greater  than  an\   now  in  existence 


except  m  disrant  stars  or  elsewhere  in  cosmic 
space. 

Atomic  particles  will  be  fed  into  a  circular 
chamber  w  here  the\'  will  receive  successi\'e  "kicks," 
whirling  them  around  in  continually  widening 
circles  until  the\'  reach  a  winiiow  or  port  on  the 
side  of  the  chamber.  The  element  to  be  bombarded 
will  be  placet]  oxer  this  window  where  it  will  re- 
cei\e  the  full  force  if  the  ion  beam. 

I'Or  this  machine  General  Electric  is  building 
electric  equipment,  which  will  occup\'  the  space 
of  a  two-story  house.  The  chief  function  of  this 
equipment  will  be  to  make  ordinar\-  electric  current 
capable  of  operating  the  giant  atom  smasher. 


DETECTIVE  STORY 

A.BANY  HdSPITAl.  was  in  an  uproar.  I'he 
technicians  in  charge  of  rhe  hospiral's 
radium  supply  had  losr  a  radium  "needle" — only 
j;. :;  milligrams  to  be  sure,  bur  enough  to  burn  a 
person  seriously  if  the  needle  were  caught  for  long 
in  his  shoe  or  clothing. 

.An  appeal  for  help  was  sent  ro  rhe  (Jeneral 
Elecrric  Research  I.aborator>'  in  Schenectadx'  for  a 
"Geiger  Counter"-  an  electric  "ear"  which  detects 
and  amplifies  the  otherwise  inaudible  "explo- 
sion" of  rhe  raciium  as  ir  breaks  liown. 

When  Dr.  C.  W.  Hewlert  i  N.  C.  ."^tate,  'oM  of  rhe 
G-E  Research  Laboratory  entered  the  suspected 
operating  room,  the  counter  immediately  began 
to  "cluck"  its  warning  of  radioactivity  nearby. 
.After  a  false  start,  the  counter  took  to  the  trail 
like  the  Hawkshaw  it  is,  and  eventually,  as  Dr. 
Hewlett  lowered  ir  to  rhe  floor  in  front  of  a 
radiator,  the  clucks  became  barks.  And  there, 
snuggled  against  the  wall  under  the  radiator,  was 
rhe  missina  radium. 


GENERAL  m  ELECTRIC 


March,    1941 


Ijcoiioiyi ira I   hii i Id i ii jjs, 
as  modern  as  air  lraiisi)ort 


M 


ith 


ARCHITECTURAL 
CONCRETE 


» 


•::^^ 


Aifpotr  Administration  Building,  Grand 
Rapids,  Mirh.,  designed  for  concrete  by 
Spencer  Weber,  structural  engineer,of 
Lansing.  Above  close-up  shows  concrete 
grilles,  rustication  and  lettering,  and  fine 
job  of  smooth-texture  Forming.  Con- 
struction went  on  during  winter  months. 


^^^■__jjHL- 


I. 


.i^i^rir^fctdE 


;Uf 


t'*^ 


^^%EBlMilliB^ 


The  \  ifjoroiis.  ^jrow  i  iifi  a\iation  iiidiislry  has 
Ix-rn  i|uirk  to  <'a|>ilalizo  the  advantages  of  con - 
<Tetf  as  a  foinbine«l  architeetiiral  and  structural 
medium.  Typi<'al  is  lh<-  <>rand  Hapids  .Virporl 
A«hninislrati<>n  Buildin<:,  (lesigne*!  for  concrete. 

.\<laptal>le  to  almost  any  .shape  or  form,  con- 
<Telc  permits  walls,  frame,  floors  an«l  roofs  (o 
be  cast  as  a  unit  in  one  fircsafc.  cndurin-;  ma- 
terial. First  cost  is  moderate,  maintenance  lo^s . 

.\sk  your  archit«-cl  or  <'H};incer  al>out  con- 
crete's possibilities  for  your  public.  coninier<-ial 


or   industrial    buibiiii^.    Literature   >vill   b«'  s<-nl 
free  on  rcipicst  in  thel  niled  Stales  and  Canatla. 

See  Sucef's  Catalou.  Section   I- 10 

PORTLAND  CEMENT  ASSOCIATION 

Dept.  D3-4,  33  W.  Grand  Avenue,  Chicago,  Illinois 

A  national  organization  to  improve  and  extend  the  uses  of  con- 
crete .  .  .  through  scientific  research  and  engineering  field  work 


chitectural  and   structural  functit 


combining 
nduring    material 


ARMOUR   ENGINEER   AND  ALUMNUS 


QontiihiAhyiA, 


ARMOUR 
ENGINEER 

AND  ALUMNUS 


Gordon  Ericlison  is  Musical   Director  at  Illinois  MARCH 

Institute   of  Technoloqv. 

VOLUME  6 


1941 
NUMBER  3 


Francis  W.  Godwin  Is  Director  of  Chemical 
Engineering  Research  in  the  Armour  Re- 
search Foundation. 


Robert   C.    KIntner    Is    Associate    Professor   of 
Chemical   Engineering. 


Philip   O'Kelly   Is   a    sophomore   student  In   the 
Deoartment   of  Architecture. 


George  W.  Petersen  graduated  from  the  De- 
partment cf  Civil  Engineering  at  Armour 
Institute  of  Technology  In  1933.  Before 
graduation  he  had  been  emoloyed  by  sev- 
eral material  and  contracting  firms..  From 
1933  until  November.  1940.  he  was  with 
the  Public  Works  Administration,  serving 
for  five  years  on  the  Loup  River  develoc- 
ment  as  Supervising  Engineer  and  as  Chief 
Resident  Engineer  Inspector.  hie  Is  nov/ 
Field  Supervisor  and  Engineer  for  the  Na- 
tional Youth  Administration. 


IN  THIS   ISSUE 

THE  NEW  CAMPUS      

35  WEST  33RD  STREET,  By  Francis  W.  Godwin 


RESEARCH    IN   THE    DEPARTMENT    OF   CHEMICAL    ENGINEERING, 

Bv   Robe^*  C.   Kirrner 

ENGINEERING  DEFENSE  TRAINING,  3y  John  I.  Yello+t 

THE  MUSICAL  CLUBS,  B,   Gordon  Er'ckson 

LOUP  RIVER  PUBLIC  POWER  DISTRICT,  By  Gec-ge  W.  Petersen 

DISTINGUISHED  SERVICE  AWARD  TO  PRESIDENT  HEALD 

HELP!     HELP!     HELP!    

ENGINEERING  STUDENTS.   1940-1941 
MIDWEST  POWER  CONFERENCE 
THE  BOOK  SHELF,  Bv   Ph;i,p  O  Kellv 
FORTY-FIFTH    COMMENCEMENT    .  : 
FROM  YEAR  TO  YEAR,  B.  A.  H.  Jens,  '31 


4 
8 

13 
16 
20 
2! 
26 
28 
28 
30 
32 
34 
37 


John  I.  Yellott  Is  Professor  of  Mechanical 
Engineering,  Director  of  the  Department  of 
Mechanical  Engineering,  and  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Engineering  Defense 
Training. 


J.  B.  FINNEGAN,  Edi+or-in-Chiei 

A.  H.  JENS,  Alumni  Editor 

Student  Editors 
Joseph  Aberer    E.  C.  Niezgodskl 
Roy  J.  Belllo         Clifford  K.   Peterson 

B.  H.  Hooper      R.  W.  Smith 

Edward   Yuknls 


GRANT  McCOLLEY,  Associate  Editor 
LEE  C.  HIGGINS,   Business  Manager 

Student  Assistants.  Business  Staff 
Robert  Bechtolt       J.  W.  Harnach 
Gordon    Brown         R.  E.  Kubiti 
E.  J.  Colant 
W.  J.  Dres 
M.  L.  Fitch 
B.  E.  Flood 


G.  R.  Mahn 
Charles  Rowbotham 
R.  W.  Smith 
Richard  Van  VIeet 


Publlslied   :n  October,    December.   March,   ond    May.     Subscription    rale     i  1 ,50    per    se.ir.      Editonal    and    Business    Otice     Ar 
Enqineerinq  of   Illinois   institute  of  Techncloav.    3300   federal   Street    Ctiicaqo,    lllin,.-;', 

\^arch,    1941 


Coll 


THE  NEW  CAMPUS 


ILLINOIS  INSTITUTE  OF  TECHNOLOGY  CHICAGO 


An  Architect's  Idea  of  the  New  institute 


IM.in^     lor    :i     m  nv     An r    cniilHIs.  ilustrial     leaders.    Iirhl    iii    tlir    ( 'lii.aiio  last    vrar.    Annoiir    Iiistilulc    .it    Tirl 

C(iiic<i\.(l    a    (i.caii.     i>r    sii   an.i.    arc    i.i  Chili     on     .laiiNary      1-1.      Sji.akiiin     on  noloi;v    Inishrs    u .  rr    (|iii(tly    at    woi 

Im-   consiniimat.il    in    a    -  r.  at  ly   cnlarncl  the      same      o.casi.ui.      Wilfrid      Syk.  s.  a<.|uirinii     titir     to     \arious     jianTlN    ( 

<ani|ins    wliicli    will    house    all    day  sin  ihairnian    of    the    board's    |ioliey    coin  land     adjinnin;;     th.'     Armour     eanipi 

ihiit       aelivities       now       .inidu<-ted       hy  rritt...    and    I'resideiil    1  leiiry  '1'.   I  lea  Id  on    the    South    Side.     Mr.    CunninjillJl 

Illinois      Institut.-     (d'     'r,.hiudi>i;y     ,a'l  of     the      Institute     des.rihed     the     pr.i  re\ealed.       .\s    .a    r,  suit,    the    new   o;in 

.\rniour    Colleiie    of     Mn^iineiTln!;"  .and  iinim's   ol>Jeeti\es   .and   .  ni|ihasi/.(  ,1    llie  |jus     will    i  niln-ai  e    six     hloeks    <\U'tu 

Lewis    Institute   of   Arts   .and   Selenees,  slj;nificaiua'     of     the      recant      Arnu.ur  in^     from     -l.'nd     to    .!  fth     Street,    ai' 

Aiin.nnicenient    of  this  <h\ .  lo|iment .  Lewis    meri;-.  r.    p.irl  i(  ularly    in    its    r.  from    St.ate    Street    to    the    N'ew    Yol 

which    inv(d\es    .a    huildlnu    pro'j.r.nn    of  lalion     to     industri.al     (hNelopment      in  (  <ntral    lioek     lsl.an<l     v.iilroad    track 

•t^i.onO.OOd.    w.as     m.ade    liv     .Lames     I).  Ilii     Mid-west    .ana    of    whieli    (  hle.m,.  I'in.anein:;    ..f    the    proi;rani    will    T 

Cunninnham.    eh.airman    of    tli,      Ho.ard  is    the    center.  .juire.     in    .addition    to    •■^.•i.dOO.OOO    f. 

of    Trust. IS.    .-it    a     linieheou     of    ni.oa-  l',\.ii     jn'ior     to     the     ui.  ri;.  r.     whl.h  tin-     .■.instrncti.m     .an.l     .iiuipmrnt 

th.an     10(1    of    Chicago's    .i\ie    .ami     in  w.as     lorm.ally     .drnpht..!     in     .lul\     of  n.H      luiil.linus.     the     iliMh>pm.nl 

4  ARMOUR   ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNU 


new  income  sources  capable  of  pro- 
ducinic  •$275,000  annually.  Translated 
into  terms  of  endowment  at  current 
vield.  this  would  mean  the  addition 
of  virtually  -ta.OOO.OOO  to  the  Insti- 
tute's present  capital  funds.  It  i> 
expected,  however,  that  a  portion  of 
this  income  can  be  secured  in  the 
form  of  continuing  annual  gifts  from 
industry  and  other  sympathetic  quar- 
ters. 

Illinois  Institute  of  Technologv 
has  become,  as  a  result  of  the  merger, 
the  largest  institution  of  its  kind, 
from  the  standpoint  of  enrollment,  in 
the  United  States.  During  the  current 
scholastic  year  it  is  anticijjated  that 
no  less  than  7.000  students  will  en- 
Iroll  in  all  sessions. 
I  In  addition,  the  Institute,  cooper- 
ating with  the  federal  government, 
already  is  providing  instruction  for 
some  1.500  men,  many  of  them  grad- 
uate engineers,  in  intensive  engineer- 
ing courses  which  constitute  a  part 
Isf  the   national  defense  prosrani.   mil 


as  this  issue  of  The  Engineer  goes 
to  press,  plans  are  being  perfected 
for  the  training  of  an  additional 
1.000   men   in   such   classes. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  ])resent 
school  ye;ir.  engineering  activities, 
witii  the  txieption  of  certain  fresh- 
ni.m  courses,  were  concentrated  u])on 
the  Armour  campus,  and  it  is  deemed 
essential  in  the  interest  of  economy 
and  etficienty  tliat  all  day-student  ac- 
tivities he  limited  to  a  single  campus. 
This  cannot  be  accomplished  until 
plant  and  eqnii)ment  adequate  for  the 
aceoniniodation  of  2.500  day  students 
are  provided,  and  the  operating  mar- 
gin between  educational  costs  and 
calculable  income  from  existing  en- 
dowment and  student  fees  is  covered. 
The  current  development  ])rograni  is 
designed  to  meet  this  situation  at  tiie 
earliest   possible  date. 

The  Iniilding  jjrogram  over  the 
next  few  years  includes  the  follow- 
ing specific  projects:  a  Library  and 
Humanities   Building,  a   Metallursrical 


Engineering  Building.  Engineering 
and  .Science  Buildings,  a  .Student 
L'nion,  a  Physical  Education  Build- 
ing, the  first  unit  of  a  Mechanical 
Laboratorv  Building,  and  a  Power 
Plant. 

The  first  phase  of  this  program, 
involving  construction  of  tlie  Library 
and  Humanities  Building  and  the 
Metallurgical  Engineering  Building, 
will  be  launched  just  as  soon  as  the 
necessary  funds  are  secured.  This 
financing,  as  well  as  the  develop- 
ment of  the  increased  annual  income 
sources  required  for  operation  of  the 
activities  which  they  will  house,  is 
to  be   undertaken  at   once. 

For  this  purpose,  the  policy  com- 
mittee of  the  Board  of  Trustees  has 
been  resolved  into  a  finance  commit- 
tee for  the  purpose  of  approaching 
industry,  the  community,  alumni,  and 
other  friends  for  the  necessary  fin.in- 
cial  support. 

Tlie  policy  committee  consists  of 
^^■ilfred   Svkes.  .\ssistant  to  the   Pres- 


A  Por+ion  of  the  Present   Institute 


vlarch,    1941 


'4 


Above:  This  Familiar  Unsightly  Corner  Will  Change   Its   Face 
3elow:  Slum  Dwellings  Like  These  Will  Be  Replaced  by  Modern  College  Buildings 


'^V 


llj 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNU 


(Jit  of  Inland  Steel  Company, 
laiinian;      James      D.      Cunningham, 

■liniian  of  the  Institute's  Board  of 
iii-.t.<s    and    President    of    Republic 

o«     Meters    Company;    Charles    S. 

ivis.  President,  Borg-Warner  Cor- 
iration;  Henry  T.  Head,  President 
till-  Institute;  Sydney  G.  McAllis- 
r.  President,  International  Harves- 
r  C  oinpany,  and  Charles  B.  N'olte, 
■-iilcnt.   Crane   Company. 

A  Development  Office  has  been 
M  111(1  by  the  Institute  on  tiie  7th 
Mir  .it  79  West  Monroe  Street,  Chi- 
;;ii.  and  the  organization  of  per- 
iiiH  1  for  prosecution  of  this  phase 
tin    appeal   is    well   under  way. 

I)iiiiiig  the  last  four  weeks  a  series 
iii\  itational  group  meetings  lias 
(11  initiated  under  the  sponsorshij) 
a  special  committee  headed  bv 
loiii.is  Drever,  President,  American 
ri  1  i'oundries.  These  meetings,  at- 
iiili  (1  by  outstanding  industrialists 
(1  liiisiness  men  of  tlie  community, 
(      litvoted     to     explanation     of    the 

liirarii    and   of    ])lans    for   its    fiiianc- 

\lready  associated  witli  Mr.  l)rt\er 
chairmen  of  individual  meetings 
■:  .Me.xander  I).  Bailey,  \'ice- 
airiiiaii.  Chief  Operating  Engineer 
Coiiinioiiwealtli  Edison  Comiiany; 
.  iiif,    I).   Cunningham;  Arthur   J.   R. 

irtis  of  The  Portland  Cement  Asso- 
iitidii:  Charles  S.  Davis;  Newton  C. 

irr  lit   Farr  and  Company,  realtors; 

lol]ili    H.    Fensholt,    Pres'ident,    The 

■iishiilt    Company;    John   M.    Frank, 

■esidtnt.  Ilg  l-'.lectric  Ventilating 
iinipany:  I'-dwiii  O.  Griifenhagen  of 
<  iff(  iihagen  and  Associates,  account- 
:ts:  Robert  B.  Harper,  Vice-Presi- 
<nt.  Peoples  Gas  Light  and  Coke 
iimpany;   Frank  A.  Hccht,  financier. 

Charles  W.  Hills,  Jr.,  of  the  tirm 
'  (  liarles  W.  Hills,  attorneys;  Ray- 
iiiiii  .1.  Koch,  President,  Felt  and 
,'irraiit  Manufacturing  Company;  ,1. 
I'arreii  McCaffrey,  attorney;  Ber- 
ird  I..  McNulty.  "President, "Marble- 
lad  Lime  Comjianv;  Samuel  Marx, 
.•cliitcct;    Harold   W.    Munday,    Vice- 

•i  ^iiirnt,  McGann  Manufacturing 
'iiii|iiiiy:  Harris  Perlstein,  Presi- 
'iit,    I'abst    Brewing   Company;    Pro- 

^^cr    John    .J.    Schommer;     Bernard 

Siiiiiiy,  Director,  Illinois  Bell  Tel- 

ilioiic    Company;    Harold    A.    Vagt- 

Ilg.     Director.    Armour    Researcli 

'iiiiil  ition;  Harry  A.  Wells,  Presi- 
'iit.  Wells  Securities,  Inc.,  and  Ben- 
Jiiiii  Wham  of  Wliaiii  and  O'Brien. 
itoriieys. 

■A  jiiiblicity  coiiiiiiittee  is  also  being 
'iiiii/cd  to    function   as  part   of  the 

iiil  iiising  organization  under  the 
'  liniiaiishi})    of    James    M.    Rodger. 

>|  I'risident  and  Western  Mana- 
■I-  111    MeCiraw-Hill   Publishin"-   Com- 


arch,    1941 


In  discussing  the  development  pro- 
gram, Mr.  Sykes  recently  called  at- 
tention to  several  aspects  of  the 
industrial  situation  which  make  neces- 
sary the  development  of  a  "great 
technological  center  "  for  service  to 
industry  in  tlie  Mid-west  area  of 
which   Chicago  is  the  hub. 

He  pointed  out  that  25  perctiit  of 
the  working  population  of  this  region 
is  engaged  in  the  manufacturing, 
communication,  and  transportation  in- 
dustries, which  constitute  the  gauge 
of  demand  for  trained  engineers,  and 
tliat  this  Cliicago  area  represents  one 
of  the  largest  concentrations  of  in- 
dustry in  the  country,  with  twice  as 
many  individuals  engaged  in  these 
industries  as  there  are  in  any  other 
metropolitan  area  with  the  exception 
of  Xew  York.  He  added  that  tlie 
number  of  engineers  per  worker  em- 
ployed here  has  increased  more  rap- 
idly than  in  any  other  city  in  the 
Lnited   States. 

Ill  the  light  of  these  facts,  the 
Trustees  of  the  Institute  feel  that 
liy  any  yardstick  Chicago  should 
liave  a  school  of  the  industries  com- 
{laralile  in  every  respect  to  the  best 
ill  the  country.  By  way  of  com- 
parison, they  have  adduced  the  fol- 
lowing figures: 

Massachusetts  Institute  of  Tech- 
nology in  tile  East  has  an  enrollment 
of  .3,093  students,  a  .'flf. 000,000 
])lant  and  an  endowment  of  rf'^O,- 
2:!0.000. 

California  Institute  of  Technology 
on  the  Pacific  Coast  has  862  students, 
a  .^7, 759,000  plant  and  an  endowment 
of  .^11,^56,000. 

Illinois  Institute  of  Teeluiology.  on 
the  other  hand,  while  having  an  a])- 
proximate  annual  enrollment  of  7.000 
day  and  evening  students  equivahiit 
to  3400  full-time  students,  has  only  a 
.^2.200.000  plant,  and  an  endowment 
of  only  .$1,861,000. 

.Success  in  the  present  dcxelop- 
ment  is  counted  upon  in  large  meas- 
ure  to   correct  this   discrepancy. 

Selection  of  the  Library  and  Hu- 
manities Building  and  tlie  Metallurg- 
ical Engineering  Building  as  the  two 
units  in  the  construction  program  to 
be  financed  during  191.1,  has  been 
made  in  view  of  the  urgency  of  the 
need,  it  is  exiilaiiied  bv  President 
Heald. 

Erection  of  the  Library  and  Hu- 
manities lluihliiig  will  permit  the 
tr.insfer  of  .ill  day-student  activities 
from  Lewis  Institute  to  the  new 
c;imj)iis  .-it  the  earliest  possible  date. 
.\t  the  same  time  it  will  release  for 
other  essential  activities  space  in  old 
Chapin  Hall  now  devoted  to  ni:it!ie- 
niaties  and  other  courses  to  be  per- 
nianeiitly  housed  in  the  Huiii.iiiitiis 
unit. 


The  Library  unit  will  not  only 
permit  proper  development  of  the 
Institute's  reference  resources  and  a 
consolidation  of  Armour  and  Lewis 
book  holdings,  but  will  accommodate 
administrative  offices  and  free  much- 
needed  space  in  the  old  Main  Build- 
ing for  use  by  the  Electrical  Engi- 
neering Department. 

At  ])resent  Illinois  Institute  of 
Technology  has  no  curriculum  in 
.Metallurgical  Engineering,  and  can- 
not take  its  place  among  the  great 
technological  centers  of  the  country 
until  tiiis  deficiency  is  remedied. 
Erection  of  the  Metallurgical  Engi- 
neering Building  will  not  only  pro- 
vide for  this  department  but  will  also 
free  space  in  existing  campus 
buildings  urgently  required  by  the 
Mechanical  Engineering  Department, 
until  such  time  as  suitable  quarters 
for  the  latter  can  be  provided. 

Construction  and  equijiment  costs 
are  estimated  as  .$1,018,000  for  the 
Library  and  Humanities  Building, 
and  .$256,000  for  the  Metallurgical 
Engineering  Building  —  a  total  of 
.$1,274,000. 

The  J  941  financing  effort  is  de- 
signed to  raise  this  money  and  at 
tile  same  time  to  develop  new  income 
sources  to  provide  .$150,000  annually. 
It  is  hoped  to  assure  this  income 
through  the  addition  of  approxi- 
mately $4,.300,000  to  existing  en- 
dowment, or  through  continuing  an- 
nual gifts  aggregating  .$150,000,  or 
tiirouli    a   combination   of  both. 

In  ciMinection  with  tliis  program, 
the  Board  of  Trustees  has  drawn  up 
.1  "Definition  of  Purpose."  in  which 
tiiey  state  the  position  of  the  Insti- 
tute   as    follows : 

"liiiiiois  Institute  of  Teclinoloiiv 
believes— 

"Tiiat  the  future  of  the  United 
.States  depends,  as  never  before,  upon 
scientific  development  of  our  natural 
resources   .  .   .   human  and  material. 

"That  our  youth  must  be  schooled 
in  the  principles  of  true  Americanism 
.  .  .  tliat  they  may  apply  their  knowl- 
edge to  the  preservation  .and  improve- 
ment of  our  social,  industri.il  and 
icoiiomic  welfare. 

"Th;it  teehnologicil  training,  sup- 
lileniented  by  a  knowledge  of  the 
liiiiiianities  ,ind  social  sciences,  is  an 
e^M  ritial  reiiuireinent  for  the  task 
aii(a.l. 

1  ii'it  tills  tr.iining  must  accord 
witli  tile  iiigiiest  seiiolastic  standards. 
"Tli.it  br.iins'  are  where  you  find 
them,  and.  this  being  so.  that  the 
Institute's  service  must  be  kept  avail- 
able to  tliosc  of  modest  means  and  to 
those  who  must  earn  as  they  learn. 

"That      the     Institute's      resources 

slioiiltl  be  ilcMiti  il  to  the  advancement 

(Turn  to  page  51 ) 


35  WEST  33RD  STREET 


By 

FRANCIS  W.  GODWIN 


At  tlif  comer  ot  Thirtv-tliird  ami 
Dtarborn  Strftts  stands  a  weatluTtd 
three-story  huildiiig.  As  one  of  the 
units  of  the  famous  Armour  flats,  it 
was  already  a  |)art  of  Chieago's  writ 
ten  history  when  its  present  work 
heiian.  In  external  appearanee  tin 
only  change  lias  been  the  addition 
of  eighteen  bronze  letters  spellinu 
"Research  Foundation"  over  an 
arched  stone  doorway.  L'niler  thest 
letters  now  J)as^  the  mwest  tilings  in 
the  world. 

In  SepteiiilM-r.  i!i:!ti,  the  Aniiour 
Research  Foundation  then  called 
the  Research  Foundation  of  Arninur 
Institute  of  Technology — was  born  a^ 
a  not-for-profit  institution  to  serve 
industry  in  scientific  research  and  ex 
pirimental  engineering.  Unlike  its 
two  sisters  (Mellon  Institute  of  In- 
dustrial Research  at  Pittsburgh  and 
Hattelle  Memorial  Institute  at  Co 
li'iiilins)  the  Armour  Research  I'oini 
datioii  did  not  "spring  fully  armed" 
fiom  a  huge  endowment,  but  made  a 
relatively  modest  beginning.  It  was 
determined  that  its  success  or  failure 
must  depend  upon  its  value  to  the  in 
dustries  and  the  nation  that  it  was  to 
serve,  (irowth  would  come  naturally 
ir,  proportion  to  its  service,  for  in 
dustry  would  \):\y  the  bills  if  the  Ixii 
etits  derived  exceeded   the  outlay. 

The  first  laboratories  were  on  the 
ground  floor  of  tin-  building  at  ;J.") 
West  ;!.'ird  Street.  Today,  after  four 
and  one-li.ilf  years  and  never  a  dull 
niDiiient.  the  .\rmour  Research  Foiin 
ilatinn's  .activities  occupy  four  buihi 
iiiiis  ill  .addition  to  a  number  of  sup 
plementary  Laboratories.  Plans  for 
.mother  unit  are  .already  on  the  draw- 
ing boards,  .and  even  more  space  will 
undoubtedly  be  needed  by  the  time 
this  is  ])rinte<i.  The  original  build 
iiig  is  now  the  iur\e  <-enter  of  the 
organization,  housing  the  olhees  of 
.idministr.ation  .and  most  of  the  scien- 
tific staff  as   well   as  m.iiiy   of  the  spe- 


Multlple  X-ray  diffraction  camera  for  studies  in  crystal  structure  and 
distribution. 


8 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNI 


A  scale-model  aluminum  alloy  truck  running   loaded   over  a   mechanical   "rough  high- 
way" in  a  performance  test. 


lalizfd  lalioratorifs.  Taken  in  order 
f  acquisition,  tlie  next  is  a  smaller 
uihiinj;  once  known  to  Armour 
lumni  as  the  "Ice  Lah."  now  devoted 
liietly  to  fuel  and  combustion  studies, 
structure  boasts  no  less  than  five 
inokestacks.  and  its  interior  is 
rowded  with  various  types  of  high 
lid  low-pressure  boilers,  furnaces. 
;oves,  stokers,  and  similar  equipment. 
s  well  as  a  iOO.OOO-pound  testing 
lachine.  The  third  building,  soon  to 
e  doubled  in  size,  is  a  special  one 
ecupied  with  foundry  research.  Of. 
articular     note     here     is     machinery 

liicli    die-casts    iron    under    pressure. 

he  latest  building  to  hv  lidded  is  a 
irg(  r    one    of    modern     fac'tory    type 

instruction,  housing  a   number  ot   in- 

iistri.il   process   pilot   |)lant-..   a   large 


Diesel  engine  l.ihoratory  with  six  en- 
gines equip])ed  with  dynamometers, 
and  the  greatly  expanded  Research 
Foundation  shops  wherein  are  pro- 
duced the  numerous  special  instru- 
ments and  articles  of  research  equiji- 
ment  not  generally  available.  These 
shops,  manned  by  .1  staff  of  expert 
machinists,  welders,  carpenters  ;ind 
electricians.  sui)plement  the  scientitic 
staff  in  the  construction  or  alter.ition 
of  machines  and  devices  under  devel- 
o))nuiit.  and  minimize  research  delays 
such  as  would  ensue  if  dependence  h.id 
to  be  pl.iced  on  outside  shoi)s  .ilri-.idy 
crammed    with    b.icklog   orders. 

The  -Vrnioin-  Kesearcli  I'oundation 
is  essentially  the  comlunation  of  ,1 
staff  of  highly  tr.iineil  iiidustriaily 
niindrii     rese;irc!i     nii-n     in    thi-    x:irioiis 


ticliK  ol  (  ngine(  ring  and  science,  to- 
gether with  till  j)hysical  plant  and 
laboratory  f.icilities  necessary  for 
these  men  to  de\elop  the  new  things 
that  industry  wants.  .Vlthough  affili- 
.ited  and  working  closely  with  the  Illi- 
nois Institute  of  Technology,  the  He- 
se.irch  Foundation  is  in  reality  a  sep- 
.ir.ite  cori)oration  with  its  own  Board 
of  Directors,  olficers.  statf  and  facil- 
ities. This  j)ermits  such  desirable 
features  as  confidential  unpublished 
reports  of  specific  investigations  aiui 
the  .assignment  of  patent  rights  to 
sponsoring  coinj);inies.  Research  is 
<lone  rapidly  by  full-time  men.  a  large 
portion  of  whom  hold  a  Ph.D.  degree. 
In  .iddition  to  technical  training.  ))ri- 
m.iry  requisites  for  stalT  members  in- 
eludi-    ing(nuit\.     ini.isination,    enthu- 


1arch,    194! 


siasui,  a  co-operative  spirit,  and  an 
uiulerstanding  of  tin-  industrial  view- 
point. Such  men  do  not  i;row  on 
trees  and  accordinj;! y  are  retained  as 
permanent  statV  instead  of  lieinii'  liired 
on  a  "fellowship"  basis  fur  tlir  diiia 
tion    of   a   specific    projeit. 

Approximately  m  tliousand  com 
panics.  indi\  i<hials.  aiul  association- 
of  manufacturers  in  all  parts  of  tli< 
United  -States  have  utilized  the  ser\ 
ices  of  the  Uescarih  I'oundation.  Ti. 
date  IlM)  loiiii-terin  ri  search  |)rojects 
li;i\f  been  undertaken,  each  for  the 
devcloi)nunt  of  some  new  or  improved 
process,  method.  equi|)ment  or  prod- 
uct. .Apart  from  the  sponsored  proj 
ects.  a  luunber  of  fnnilamental  re- 
search projects  ;ire  ciiiistantly  in 
progress,  aimed  at  the  creation  of  new 
scientitic  tools  to  make  possible  fur 
tiler  advancement  of  tin-  frontiers  of 
science    and    industry. 

l-"or  purposes  of  administration  and 
co-ordination  of  the  work  the  Founda- 
tion is  separated  into  seven  broad  divi- 
sions of  scientitic  endeavor,  namely: 
Ceramics  and  Nonmetallics.  Chemical 
Engineering.  Chemistry.  Electricity 
and  .Sound.  Ex])erinuntal  Engineer- 
ing. Light,  and  Metallurgy.  Each  of 
tliese  has  its  specialized  staff  of  men 
trained  in  the  particular  field  and 
headed  by  a  division  director  respon- 
sible for  the  conduct  of  investigations 
under  his   charge. 

A  research  project  m.iy  begin  with 
a  letter  from  an  executive  of  a  largi 
manufacturing  company  in.  say.  Day 
ton,  Ohio.  The  company  is  attempt 
ing  to  work  out  cirtain  improvement-, 
in  its  process  wliicli.  if  successful.  c,-ui 
sa\e  many  thous.ands  of  dollars  ])ei- 
year.  .Vs  a  matter  of  fact,  the  eoni- 
p.any  h.is  its  own  rrseareli  de|)art- 
ment.  but.  as  is  tlie  ease  more  oft<n 
that  not.  there  are  so  many  rush  jobs 
of  troubb--shooting  continually  crop 
ping  u])  that  this  department  simply 
cannot  concentrate  on  the  longer-term 
devrlnpmtiit.  E\i-ry  p.assing  day 
ine.ins  mon<y  lost  until  the  improve- 
meiits    .are     successfully     incorjiorati  d. 

.\fter  a  brief  correspondence  in 
which  the  jiolicies  of  the  Research 
l''ound;ition  are  outlined,  a  meeting  is 
arrangtil.  Present  are  the  company 
executive  and  ,i  number  of  his  tech- 
nical men.  as  well  as  the  several  mem 
bers  of  the  Research  I'oundation  staff 
whose  fields  are  ccniecrncd  in  the 
j)roblem.  In  the  discussion  the  details 
are  brought  out  and  it  becomes  clear 
that  the  problem  is  ,.ne  for  the  Metal 
lurgy  Division. 

.V  tentative  plan  of  in\  estigation  is 
offered  for  apjiroval.  .Meanwhile  both 
the  sponsor  and  tin-  I'cnnidation  ap- 
point members  of  a  joint  steering 
committee.  .V  stand.ard  .igreemtiit  form 
is     jireparcd.     stating     the     objectives 


Special    Knudsen-fype    direct   reading    high    vacuum    gauge    developed    for 
study  of  vacuum  pumps. 


of    tlir    project,    providing    for    written  If    in    the    eoursr    of    a    met.allurgi 

reports.      tn-.atment      of      linilings       in  project    it    becomes    necess.ary    to   \n 

strict    confidence,    assignment    of    )iat  some  X-r.iy  studies,  the  Light  Divis 

cuts,     .and     reserving     the     partii  ular  is  called  in.     If  tile  process  machin' 

field     of     study     exclusively     for     this  dem.inds    a    special    electronic    C(Uil 

sponsor    for   the   duration   of  the   Jiroj-  or  |)erliai)s  .1  removal  of  vibr.ation. 

ect.      With   such   det.ails   taken   care  of.  s.  rviees   of   the    Klectricity   and    .'^01 

work    is    started    ,at    once.       Oni-    man  Division   .are   jivail.ible   at   once.      T 

I  more   it   neiassary  )    is  .assigned   to  t!ii'  each    sponsor    ]i.ays    for    ,a    single    ni 

task    .iiul    in    this   case    it    is    .1    suitably  but    his    project    receives    wii.-itever 

(|U.iliti((l    met.allurgist.       Probably    his  tention  is  needed  from  a  staff  of  si 

first   act    is   to   m.ike   a   critical   inspec-  whose    range    of   specialization    co\ 

tion   of   tile    D.iyton   |)l.ant.   unless  t'lis  virtually      anything,      however      ur 

was    done    in    the    preliminary    period.  pected,   that   may    develop   during 

His    early    findings    will    determine    the  work. 
next   steps.  The     jiast     eighteen    months     of 


ARMOUR   ENGINEER  AND  ALUMh' 


Research  Foundation's  service  to  in- 
dustry have  been  especially  marked 
by  increasing  facilities  for  the  investi- 
gation of  industrial  problems  of  an 
;ver  broadening  variety.  Significant 
advances  have  been  made  in  all  divi- 
sions, and  in  several  instances  large 
idditions  have  been  effected  at  a  sin- 
gle stroke. 

With  tlie  absorption  of  the  Ceramics 
Department  of  Lewis  Institute  by  the 
Ceramics  and  Nonmetallics  Division 
)n  September  1.  1940.  there  came  into 
)eing  one  of  the  most  completely 
equipped  and  staffed  ceramics  lahora- 
ories  in  the  Middle  West.  Special 
■quipment  now  available  in  the  coni- 
lined  laboratories  includes  kilns  and 
'urnaces.  ball  and  pebble  mills, 
rrinding.  mixing  and  blending  ma- 
•hinery.  temperature  measuring  in- 
itruments  and  analytical  a])paratus. 
For  research  by  higii  temperature  and 


petrographic  methods  the  p  e  t  r  o- 
grapiiic  laboratory  is  provided  with 
both  polarizing  and  reflecting  micro- 
scopes, supplemented  by  attachments 
and  by  cutting,  grinding  and  polishing 
discs  and  caps,  as  well  as  an  elec- 
trically heated  hydraulic  press  for  im- 
bedding materials  in  plastics  for  ex- 
amination. A  large  set  of  calibrated 
refractive  index  media  is  kept  at  hand 
for  })owder  studies  and  mineral  iden- 
tification by  the  oil  immersion  metiiod. 
Studies  in  progress  include  investiga- 
tions in  refractories,  enamels  and 
pencil  leads. 

In  the  Chemical  Engineering  Divi- 
sion, laboratory  space  has  been  in- 
creased by  one  additional  unit  of  1200 
square  feet  and  another  of  smaller 
area.  The  first  of  tliese  is  being  de- 
voted to  industrial  food  processing 
researcii  and  includes,  as  one  item  of 
its    equipment,    an    ex|H-riniental    flour 


mill.  Tiie  second  liouses  a  complete 
air  conditioned  pilot  plant  for  tlie  de- 
velopment of  chewing  gum  manufac- 
turing processes  on  a  full  scale.  Other 
laboratories  of  this  division  are  cur- 
rently producing  developmental  infor- 
mation in  certain  drying  processes, 
commercial  containers,  and  the  pro- 
gram of  solid  fuel  preparation  and 
combustion  studies  which  lias  con- 
tinued in  several  new  channels  since 
the  establishment  of  the  Researcii 
Foundation. 

The  Cliemistry  Division  has  ac- 
quired an  additional  laboratory  to  be 
utilized  for  investigations  in  bacteri- 
ology and  the  biological  aspects  of 
chemical  research.  Special  equipment 
is  now  being  installed  for  these 
studies  and  will  include  incubators, 
autoclaves.  centrifuge.  microscopes 
and  auxiliary  ap|)aratus.  Research  in 
tliis    division    has    .idvanced    in    recent 


A  load  of  die-cast  iron  pipe  flanges  from  the  experimental  foundry. 


m 


/larch,     1941 


iijoiitlis  on  MiniiiTous  fronts.  ,i  (j.-irtinl 
list  of  wliicli  inchi<lts  industri.il  pro- 
teins. slull;u'.  ini-.it  |)ro(liuts.  |>l.i>tiis. 
coatin-is.  .■idlR-siMs.  inks.  inMiiitirs. 
and  j)l_v\vood. 

A      combination      smnui  prool       .uhI 
i-l.itrically     slii.ld,,!     r.ioni    lias    1„-,m 
add.-d   to  till'   alr.aily   .xttnsivf    facil 
itits  of  tlif   Klcctricity  and  .Sound   I)i 
vision.       'I'lif    tkctrical     sliicldiiifr    ot 
this  room  is  said  to  lie  second  to  nom. 
and   li.is    proved    itself   esj)eeially    val 
ual)le     in     r.idio     interferenee     studiis. 
N'ewly    .iddcd    e<iiiipnient     in    tlic    lali 
oratories    of    this    division    inehides    a 
noise   and    fncpieney   analyzer   .nid   re 
eorder.   larac  e.-ithode  ray  oseilloseo])e. 
and  lo^rarithniic  aniplitier.     Ainonc;  the 
current    studies    of    i)artieular    interest 
are    investii^atioiis   of   nois.    character 
isties     of     pipes     .ind     \aK(s     and     th.- 
develo|)nient   of   eaii  iilatinij-   niaeiiines. 
sound    recordinii;    e<]uipnient.    air    eoni 
pressors  and   remote  control. 

The  l-'.\|ierinHrit,il  Kniiineerinu-  l)i 
vision  is  maintained  jirim.-irily  to  i-:[n\ 
on  work  of  an  enjiineerini;-  /ind  testini; 
nature  incidint  to  the  development  of 
a  wide  v.-iriety  of  machines  .-ind  proil- 
Uets.  To  tliis  ,  nd  the  division  has  in 
the  jiast  year  inen  ased  its  utility  .-(in 
.sidir.ilily  with  three  new  lahoratories. 
One  of  these  now  houses  the  recenth 
built  apj)aratus  for  fliiiht  i)crformancc 
testinir  of  golf  l.alls.  In  another  a  s^  t 
of  three  wind  tunnels,  one  of  them 
ten  feet  in  di;inieter,  is  hein;;-  i  reeted. 
The  new  Diesel  Laboratory  is  the  lar- 
gtst  and  has  been  in  continuous 
twenty-four-hour  o])eration  since  its 
install.-ition.  .Six  engines  are  in  i)Lice. 
with  another  six  soon  to  he  added.  .\ii 
overhead  tr;ivelinff  hoist  .assists  in  the 
studi.s.  as  regularly  scheduled  t;ike 
down  and  .-issemhly  of  .-ngines  is  in- 
volved. Lubrication  tests  arc  furtlii  r 
aided  by  the  recently  acquired  hii;h 
pressure  lubricant  testing  machine. 
Improvements  h/ivc  also  been  etfected 
in  oldir  l.ibor.itories,  and  ;.  short  time 
ago  an  added  chandur  within  the 
const.ant  tcmper.iture  room  made  |)os 
sibic  the  .-ittainment  of  ;i  wind  of  ■_'()() 
miles  per  hour  at  (u  degrees  below 
zero. 

.More  than    K)()  long  and  short-term 
investigations     have     been     undertak.  n 
by   the    Kxperimental    Kngineering    l)i 
vision  during  the   past  ye.ir.  includini;- 
.such    subjects    as    coal    stokers,    stoves" 
crane    girders,    exhaust    blowers,    f.ms. 
gear    reducers,    golf    b.dls    and    imple- 
ments,     lubricants,      solenoid      brakes, 
cat.alyst    measunincnts,    thermal    insu 
Intion,    window    shades,    window    con 
struetion,    wall    plaster.    ,iir    condition 
ing       equipmenl.       vajxir  proof       .md 
v.atcr-proof  linings.  copi)er  roofs,  sky- 
lights,   .automotive    testing   eqtiipmcrit. 
relief   valv.s    and    similarly    dissimilar 
items. 


12 


Automatic  goKer  which  tees  the  balls,  drives  them,  measures  their  flight  and 
sorts  them  at  machine-gun  speed. 


.\  Ste.ini  l..ihor.itory  I  i|ui|ip(  (1  w  ith  .1  i  (juipment  wherein  the  How  of  steam 
generator  ea|iable  of  pro<lucing  .l.dlllt  thrcugh  mizzles  and  orifices  can  be  ol 
pounds  of  ste.im  per  hour  .it  7.".()  s.rved  directly  through  glass  win- 
pounds  pr(  ssun-  is  in  oper.itioii.  .\d  dows.  One  such  unit  incorporates  a 
difii>n.il  units  .also  provide  sli.nii  at  Mil  \'enturi  shap.-d  nozzle,  the  angle  be 
*"  I""  P"iii.ds  [inssure  in  (|U.intitics  tween  the  si<les  ol  which  can  be  varied 
up  to  l(l,()()()  ponn.ls  per  hour  if  .le  „||j|,.  (|„,  ,,,..„„  H„w  ,s  under  observa- 
ma.Hhd,   as    well   as   smaller   quantities  ,j„„^    Designe.l    for   fundamental   studv 


.•it  .iny  jiressures  u|i  to  1 JOO  poinids 
per  s(pi.ire  inch.  These  units.  «itli 
condensing  .-ind  \  .■icuuiu  prcducinit 
eijuipnuiit  .-ind  sinn';ir  items.  olVer  i  \ 
<-eption.-il  f.acilitirs  tor  testing  .iiul  di 
veloj.ment  work  on  steam  In  .'it  tr.uisfer 
.■ip|i.-ir.itus.        Ciiiiiur     f,  .-itures     include 


of  the  ex)),ansion  of  saturated  .steam 
this  a|)p.ir.itus  is  also  suitable  for  .spe- 
I  i.il  projects  in  flow  :it  moderate  pres- 
sures. M.iiiy  i)roblems  in  the  flow  of 
tlui<ls  recpiirc  the  us.-  of  sm.ill  scale 
(Turn   to   page   52) 


ARMOUR   ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


RESEARCH  IN  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF 
CHEMICAL  ENGINEERING 


ROBERT  C.  KINTNER 


Distillation  column  constructed  entirely  of  stainless  steel. 


TIr-  field  of  i-nilf;i\()r  of  cht-niical 
Lnginteriiig  covers  the  design,  con- 
struction and  operation  of  plants  for 
the  manufacture  of  products,  the 
])rocesses  for  which  involve  change  in 
state  or  composition.  Such  processes 
usually  involve  bringing  materials 
tiigether  under  such  controlled  con- 
ditions that  the  chemical  reaction  will 
jiroceed  in  the  proper  direction,  at  the 
proper  speed,  and  to  the  jjroper  de- 
gree of  completion.  When  this  re- 
sult is  attained,  the  })roducts  of  the 
reaction  are  separated.  ])urified  and 
]iackaged  for  shipment  to  the  cus- 
tomer. Any  contribution,  then,  which 
allows  us  to  imjirove  the  design,  con- 
struction, or  operation  of  these  plants 
is  gratefully  accepted  b}-  the  chemical 
rngineering  profession.  It  is  the  duty 
and  the  jdeasure  of  every  first  rate 
college  laboratory  to  be  constantly 
endeavoring  to  make  more  and  more 
of  these  contributions  through  the 
medium  of  research. 

Dr.  T.  H.  Chilton  of  the  duPont 
C  oMipany  has  enumerated  some  of 
the  ])robhms  of  chemical  engineering 
as:  "How  to  transport,  meter,  com- 
]iress,  and  rarefy  gases?  How  to 
]iroj)il  and  proportion  liquids:  how 
to  contact  them  with  gases  or  other 
liquid  phases,  and  separate  them 
again?  How  to  subdivide  or  to  com- 
pact solids,  and  to  contact  them  with 
gases  or  liquids?  How  to  separate 
solids  from  g.ises  or  liquids,  or  from 
otlii  r  solids  according  to  properties 
or  |i.irtielc  size?  How  to  supply  or 
withdraw  heat?"  Due  to  the  enor- 
mous variety  of  materials  used  in  tile 
(■luinie.il  industries,  there  will  be  un- 
known ()uantities  in  the  above  list  for 
ni.iny  years  to  come:  probably  for- 
r\  rr. 

I'rojiets  for  research  are  the  re- 
sult of  someone  s  need  of  a  tool  for 
the  better  design,  construction  or 
ojjcration  of  a  jilant.  When  the  tool 
is  not  in  existence,  he  will  set  about 
fashioning  a  tool  to  suit  the  situation. 
H  he   is  a   part  of  a  specific  industry 


March,    1941 


13 


Equipment  for  the  study  of  heat  transfer  by  radiation. 


and  needs  tlie  tool  for  a  specifie  prob- 
lem in  that  industry,  the  tool  will 
J)r(>l)al)ly  he  a  s|)eei(ie  one  of  very 
narrow  utility.  If  he  is  heinir  paid 
by  a  corj)oratioii,  ))artieu!arly  one  in 
a  Iiifihly  coni|)etitive  field,  tin-  new 
contribution  may  not  come  into  gen- 
eral use  for  many  years.  Hut  if  lie 
is  a  part  of  the  staff  of  a  chemical 
enpincerinp:  department  of  a  college 
or  university,  the  tool  will  be  pre- 
sented for  all  to  use  and  the  contribu- 
tor will  be  proud  of  his  part  in  the 
advancement  of  tin-  art.   The   niajoritv 


of  the  jjajiers  on  the  prourams  of  our 
national  societies  are  ijiven  li\-  eol 
lege  teachers  and  their  students,  .^sorne 
years  ago.  Dr.  I'.  C.  \ilhrandt  of  the 
\'irginia  Polyteihnie  Institute  made 
the  statement.  '"Keseareh  begets  re- 
search." The  jirobleni  arising  out  of 
the  need  for  a  tool,  no  matter  how 
simple,  invariably  starts  a  chain  of 
events  and  in  a  very  short  time  the 
worker  finds  himself  swamped  with 
a  multitude  of  unanswered  questions, 
of  varying  degree  of  importance  ami 
Miauiiitude. 


Itesi  .irih  ))rnieets  ni.iy  In-  divided 
into  those  of  .1  viry  fundamental 
n.iture,  which  usually  come  to  light  as 
I  result  of  rese.ireh  on  some  problem 
"I  more  iuuncdiati-  <•  o  n  c  e  r  n,  and 
-|M  (  ilie  projects  in  which  the  .answer 
(■  a  problem  of  limited  applicability 
1^  sought.  A  few  examples  of  i)rojects 
now  in  progress  in  the  Chemical  Kn- 
-iiieering  Department  of  the  Armour 
I  ollege  of  Kngineering  may  be  of 
t.  rest   here. 

The  ri M  areh  jirojeet  receiving  most 
'(insideration  over  the  last  three  years 
Ills  b<  en  oni-  concerned  with  the  ])ro- 
iluetion  of  s|)innable  fibers  from  flax 
nid  lieni|).  In  this  [)rojeet,  under  the 
direction  of  Professor  Harry  .McCor- 
iii.uk,  tin-  discovery  that  amines  are 
^ol\ellt^  fur  the  iion-cellulosic  mate- 
rial ill  |il,iiit  tissue  has  been  the 
tiiundation  ujion  which  the  work  has 
lutii  based.  \' a  r  i  o  u  s  ex))erimcnts 
li.ivc  been  conducted  to  determine  the 
most  satisfactory  operating  conditions 
1^  to  tem[)erature,  pressure,  and  time 
i  ir  treating  the  eellulosic  material 
vv  itli  various  .iniines.  This  part  of 
the  )iroeedure  has  been  standardized 
.uul  the  suitability  of  some  fifteen 
amines  .is  treating  agents  has  been  in- 
vestig.ited.  Pure,  clean  flax  and  hemp 
liliers  li.ive  been  jiroduced  in  quanti 
ties  up  to  fifty  pounds  each.  Certain 
other  possibilities  of  the  solvent  action 
of  the  amines  are  being  investigated. 
.\s  the  amines  are  solvent  for  all  of 
the  materials  except  the  eellulosic 
materials,  it  is  evident  that  the  solu- 
tion contains  such  materials  as  pectose 
(■onipiuinds  ,ind  ligiiin.  originally  pre: 
rut  ill  the  Jilant  tissues.  Methods  I 
h.iM'  lueii  investigated  for  the  isol.i- 
tion  .iiiii  neovery  of  pectin  and  iiectie 
.uid  in  pure  form,  and  the  isolation 
and  utiliz.ition  of  the  lignin  present  in 
the   amine  solution   is   being  attacked. 

The  mineral  resources  of  the  United 
States  have  come  under  investigation 
in  our  laboratories,  and  methods  for| 
the  jinHiuction  of  soluble  ammonium 
ehromium  sulfate  by  heating  chrome 
iron  ore  with  ammonium  sulfate  com- 
mence to  show  some  jiromise  of  a  suc- 
cessful culmination.  This  investiga- 
tion lias  proceeded  to  the  point  where 
it  is  certain  that  the  major  chromium 
content  of  ;i  chrome  iron  ore  can  Ix 
sei-ured  in  the  form  of  .a  soluble  chro- 
iiiiuiu  salt.  The  treatment  of  titanifer- 
ous  materials  with  ammonium  sulfate 
is  under  investigation  and  it  is  indi- 
cated that  the  final  product  can 
obtained  as  titanous  hydroxide.  .V 
study  is  being  made  of  the  jjossibilityj 
of  the  bencficiation  of  various  man- 
ganese ores  of  the  United  States. 

In  the  drying  of  food  products 
ui.iny  ])roblems  such  as  coloration  and 
eheckiiig  .-ire  .always  .a  source  of  con- 
st.iiit     iiieiinx  iiiieiu-i'    to    the    |)rodui'er. 


14 


ARMOUR   ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


L  luoilfvn  liiiniidity  cabinet  is  beiii^- 
uilt  uiulir  tlif  supervision  of  Dr.  R. 
].  Peek  tli.it  will  have  several  impor- 
Lint  features  necessary  for  proper 
onditions  in  drying  food.  A  stain- 
ess  steel  shell  of  welded  construction 
nd  a  blower  havinp;  a  Bakelite-lae- 
iiiered    fan   will   insure   freedom   from 


contamination.  .\11  tem))eratures  and 
h.umidities  will  be  automatically  con- 
trolled to  assure  stable  conditions 
within  the  humidity  chamber.  It  is 
hoped  that  the  drying  curves  analyzed 
from  a  sufficient  number  of  runs  will 
iiive  the  correlation  necessary  for  the 
tlevelopment    of    drying    formulae. 


ni^'los:  G.  A.   R,iymoi:d,  R.  E.  ZcUn 


Hlqh-pressure   autoclave    used    in   the    production    of   spinnable    hemp    fibers. 


A  two-inch  by  eight-foot  stainless 
steel  distillation  column,  packed  with 
carbon  rings,  is  being  used  to  obtain 
more  comi)lete  and  reliable  informa- 
tion on  the  design  and  operation  of 
packed  column  stills.  From  the  oper- 
ating data  obtained,  design  factors 
can  be  calculated,  and  correlations  of 
these  factors  on  the  basis  of  mass 
(lilfusion  and  the  physical  properties 
of  tlu-  mixture  being  distilled  can  be 
made. 

Filtration  is  one  of  the  oldest  of 
the  chemical  engineering  operations. 
vet  its  study  has  been  very  difficult 
(liir  1(1  the  variables  involved.  One 
(.1  these  f.ietors  causing  inaccuracies 
ill  (lesinii  caleiilations  is  termed  "com- 
l.ressibility"  of  the  cake.  Methods  of 
measuring  this  factor  by  means  of 
other  and  shorter  exijcrimental  runs 
have  been  developed  The  "compres- 
sion" period  of  a  sedimentation  de- 
termination shows  a  direct  correlation 
with  the  "compressibility"  of  the  cake 
as  determined  by  filtration  experi- 
ments This  ]>roeedure  is  now  being 
n  tilled  and  standardized  A  quicker 
and  easier  method  of  determining  the 
filtration  charaeteristies  of  a  given 
sludge  has   resulted. 

\'isii.il  tluid-flow  meters  have  been 
eoiiiiiig  into  more  general  use  for 
some  \<:irs.  .Ml  use  the  tapered-wall 
tube,  which  is  eovered  by  (latents. 
.Several  types  of  reliable  straight- 
ualled  visual  fluid-flow  meters  have 
been  developed  by  the  writer  in  our 
labor.itories.  Using  a  wide  range  of 
m.iterials  of  construction,  they  can  be 
made  to  measure  the  flow  of  almost 
any  (|U,iiitity  of  any  material. 

Tluse  are  but  .1  few  of  the  projects 
under  investigation.  Others  include 
the  extrat'tiou  of  certain  organic  ma- 
terials, till'  disign  of  eiri'ular  weirs, 
flow  of  fluids  througli  small  openings, 
heat  tr.iiisfer  tlu-ouiih  ori:;inie  v.apor 
(ibiis  on  both  vertical  .-iiut  hori/.ont.-il 
tubes,  heat  transfer  by  radiation,  the 
use  of  all-aluminuiii  distillation  col- 
umns. cert;iin  .ispeets  of  the  settliiii; 
of  flue  iiarticles.  tlie  use  of  supersouie 
fri'<|ii<iu-iis.  the  extr.u'tioii  of  siiy.-i 
hean  oil  and  tin  reeoMTV  of  eerium 
fnnn  certain   ores. 

One  of  tlu-  reason^  for  the  rapid 
de\elopment  of  the  si'ieiiee  of  eheiii- 
ie.-il  eiiiiineiring  in  the  United  .States 
has  lu-eii  the  willingness  of  the  col- 
ic lies  to  help  industry  sohe  its  prob- 
h  ins.  The  ehemical  engineering  de- 
li.irtiiieiit  .it  .\rmour  li.-is  given  such 
service  for  over  thirty  ye.irs  .iiiil  will 
continue  to  do  so  in  the  futuri'.  .Such 
probh  Ills  h.ave  fcnMiied  the  basis  and 
the  st.irtiug  jioint  for  the  fundamental 
contributions  which  have  been  made  to 
the  art  and  science  of  the  f.ist.st 
growing  of  the  m.ijor  br.aiiches  of 
eiiuiueerinir. 


1941 


15 


ENGINEERING  DEFENSE  TRAINING 

AT 
ILLINOIS  INSTITUTE  OF  TECHNOLOGY 


By 
JOHN  I.  YELLOTT 


I-ikf  ni.iny  defense  activities,  the 
Kiiirineeriiii;  Defense  Traininj;  I'ro- 
urani  l)ei;;m  siuklenly,  develojied  in 
une\]ncte(l  ilireetiims,  anil  ii'lTW  to 
|irii|i(irtinns  wliieli  were  not  eoiitrni- 
])late(i  (iiirinsi;  the  early  staiits.  In 
larly  November,  the  l'rou;rain  u,i^ 
swjfjiested  to  the  department  heads  li\ 
President  Heald.  By  the  sr.cnd 
Thanksgiving  Day,  Preliminary  Fro 
posals  for  sixteen  courses  were  on 
their  way  to  Washington.  Just  lie 
fore  the  Christmas  holidays,  these  |iro- 
posals  returned,  duly  ajiproved,  and 
the  real  task  of  organization  began. 
Within  three  more  weeks,  five  thou- 
sand applicants  were  interviewed,  fif- 
teen hundred  were  assigned  to  sixty 
sections  of  the  original  sixteen  courses. 
.and  sixty  instructors  were  drafted 
from  industry.  Into  tlu  already 
crowded  evening  scheduhs  of  the 
.Armour  and  Lewis  plants,  sonn  four 
teen  hundred  more  students  were 
pressed.  Illinois  Institute  of  'I'l eh 
iiology  had  answered  the  call  of  thi' 
N.-itional  Defense  Program  by  |iut 
ting  on   .1  second   shift! 

Nationally.     tln'     Knginerring     De 
fense    Training    Progr.im    dates    hack 
to  the  sunnner  of   1!)K).   when  .i  com 
niittee  of  well-known  engineering  edu 
cators  was  formed  to  advise  the  I'.  .*^. 
Office  of  Education  in  matters  n  lating 
to   engineering   training.      Headed    by 
Dean  A.  \.  Potter,  of  Purdue  Univer- 
sity, this  committee  drew  the  nation's 
attention    to    the    imjjcnding    shortage 
of  engineers.    It  was  made  known  th.it 
.all   of  the  engineering  colleges   in   the 
country,  one  hundred  and  eightei  ii   in 
number,     graduated     only     .a     total     of 
twcKe  thousand  vomig  engineers  (■.■leh 


year,  while  an  innnediate  need  existed 
for  three  times  this  luiniber.  .\  ])ro- 
gram  of  intensive  training,  on  the  col- 
lege level,  was  suggested,  with  the 
exjiect.ition  of  raising,  as  soon  ;nid  .is 
far  as  ijossible,  the  efficiency  of  the 
engineering  forces  ()f  the  defense  in- 
dustries. No  detailed  plans  for  the 
training  were  proposed,  for  it  was 
realized  that  the  needs  of  different 
districts  differed  widely.  Evening  in- 
struction was  seen  to  be  the  natural 
Mild  of  the  metropolitan  institution, 
while  fidl  -  time,  short  -  term  courses 
wcri'  contemplated  for  schools  located 
far  from  industrial  districts.  Short- 
ages in  production  engineers,  tool  and 
fixture  designers,  inspectors,  and  ex- 
plosives experts,  were  particularly 
evident,  and  it  was  suggested  that 
etforts  be  made  to  meet  these  de- 
in.inds.  .Most  important.  Congress 
was  induced  to  authorize  the  ex)>endi 
ture  of  $<),000,000,  through  the  Office 
of  Education,  to  pay  the  costs  of  the 
Program. 

To  administer  the  Progr.im.  Dean 
Hoy  .\.  .Scaton  of  Kans.as  ."^tate  was 
called  to  Washington  as  n.itional  1)1 
rector:  I{egional  .\dvisers  wire  .ip 
pointed  to  sn|)ervise  the  work  in  the 
sever.al  districts  into  which  the  n.ition 
w.is  divided.  President  Ilcald  w.is 
asked  to  serve  as  .\dviser  for  the  Chi 
<;igo  area,  which  includes  Illinois  and 
southern  Wisconsin. 

.Vfter  conferences  with  other  engi 
neering  institutions  in  the  Chicago 
.irea.  it  bi-camc  ivident  that  the  Pro 
gram  here  would  be  organized  by  lib 
iiois  Institute  of  Technology,  .nid 
I'rof.  .1.  li.  I'iniuuan  w.-is  desiunMlrd 
bv    President    I  bald    to    acl    as    the    di 


rector.  The  problems  to  be  solved  im- 
niediately  included  the  determination 
of  the  engineering  training  needs  of 
this  .irea.  the  location  of  space  and 
eijiiipment  which  could  be  used  in 
meeting  these  needs,  and  the  engag- 
ing of  (pialified  instructors  to  give  the 
courses.  Preliminary  Proposals  had 
to  be  in  Washington  by  Nov.  2.5,  so 
that  the  funds  to  finance  the  program 
could  be  set  aside. 

Partial  answers  to  the  (ircssing 
(|uestions  of  what  courses,  where, 
when,  and  by  whom  were  obt.iineil 
by  meetings  with  groups  of  leading  in- 
dustrialists. All  of  these  men  recog- 
nized the  need  for  training,  many 
])ro])osed  possible  courses,  and  some 
sugirested  members  of  their  forces  ;is 
])ossible  instructors. 

Other  answers  were  obtained  by 
faculty  members  who  visited  many  of 
the  leading  plants  in  the  defense  in- 
dustries, and  questioned  personnel 
men,  chief  engineers,  and  presidents. 
.\t  about  this  time,  the  newspa|)irs 
began  to  mention  the  possibility  of 
free  engineering  training,  and  Pro- 
fessor I'inncgan  found  himself  be 
sieged  by  eager  apjilieants  for  course 
which   were  still   non-existetit. 

.\fter  measuring  the  demand  as  well 
as  possible,  Profesor  Finnegan  for- 
warded to  Washington,  just  before 
the  <leadline,  proposals  for  sixteen 
courses,  ranging  from  Element.ary 
Machine  Design  to  Bomb-proof 
.•Shelters.  Several  sections  of  each 
course  were  proposed,  and  the  si)ecifi- 
e.itioiis  of  each  were  made  as  general 
as  possibh'  so  that  their  course  con- 
tent could  be  altered  to  meet  the  de 
iii.ancl. 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


Some  of  the  enrollees  In  the  institute's  first  engineering  defense  training  program  as 
they  made  formal  enrollment  for  60  sections  of  16  courses  designed  to  assist  Industry 
to  meet  its  personnel  demands  for  defense.  Noticeable  In  the  foreground  are  Pro- 
fessors Peebles,  Winston  and  Huntley.     Upper  left  Is  Dean  L.  E.  G.inter. 


'I'lirouiili  the  very  itlcftivc  efforts 
if  Mr.  .SchrcilHr  and  his  Public  Re- 
lations Department,  the  program  was 
publicized  by  posters,  mail,  and  press 
releases.  The  response  was  imme- 
diate and  overwhelmin<>;.  Where  tens 
of  applicants  were  expected,  hundreds 
appeared,  and  registration  forms  had 
to  be  ordered  by  the  thousand.  Every 
available  member  of  the  faculty  was 
pressed  into  service  in  interviewing 
the  eager  applicants,  and  the  Audi- 
torium of   the   Student  Union   had   to 


be     taken     (ivir     to     .•ice(inHnii(l,-itr     tiir 
crowds. 

Professor  Finnegan  was  forced  by 
ill  health  to  relinquish  the  job  of  or- 
ganizing the  program,  and  Professor 
Yrllott  was  appointed  Acting  Direc- 
tor. After  taking  a  look  at  the  tliou- 
sands  of  application  wliich  were  pour- 
ing in,  he  immediately  obtained  the 
assistance  of  every  available  faculty 
member,  and  .i  statf  of  three  secre- 
taries to  cope  with  tlif  flood  of  ])ros- 
jiective  students. 


The  proiiiem  of  classroom  sjiacc 
was  sohed  by  taking  over  every  avail- 
able room  which  was  not  in  use  in  the 
regular  night  scliool,  on  both  the  Ar- 
mour and  the  Lewis  Caminiscs.  Many 
sections  were  sciieduled  for  Wednes- 
day evening  and  Saturday  afternoon 
meetings,  when  the  regular  activities 
of  the  Institute  relax  somewhat. 
Classes  were  put  into  every  available 
room,  and  more  students  appeared 
where  many  were  already  at  work. 

The   task   of   cuiiagiiig  suitable   iu- 


March,    1941 


17 


siriutors    «;is    ilitfii-lilt    at    tin-    outsit. 

l>iit    was    i)ro};rc'ssivc'ly    simplified    by 

tliL'     t'xccjjtional     cooperation     of     tin- 

many    cooperating    comjianies.       Ap 

peals    were    made,    and    very    siuerss- 

fiilly.    to    leading;   eoinp.niirs    such    as 

International    Harvester.    W  e  s  t  e  r  n 

Kl.-etrie.    Bell    and    H,.\v,ll.    (iooduian 

-M.iniilai'tiirinii;  Co.      As  one  instruelni' 

aeeepted     tlie     a))poiiitnient.     lie     w.is 

urged    to    bring    in    others    whon\    he       tion  jdanner 

eonsidered  e(|u;illv  well  (|u;ililied.  with  In      I'ilenuntarv      .M.ieliim-      Desiiin. 

the   h.ippy    nsult'th.-it    a    st.itV  cf   sixty         I'aul     C.-irlstone.    A.     I.    T.     ■:!.!.    M.l'... 


.■il)le       indix  idu.ils      V 
s.inhled. 

In  the  fields  of  To.il  Desimi  ,ind 
I'roduetion  I'l.-inning.  the  assistance 
of  A.  H.  Urown,  .\.  1.  T.  1.-;.  i:.K..  is 
gr;itefiilly  aeknowledged.  Not  only 
did  he  .'igree  to  teach  one  section  of 
Production  Pl.-inning.  hut  hi-  dclivcr.'d 
en  masse  a  coniplct<-  force  of  tool  dc- 
iguers  and  most  of  the  othc  r   pruiiuc- 


piickly  .IS-  director  of  tr.iining  .it  the  MeCormicI 
works  of  till  Inti  rnational  H.arvester 
volunt<ered  his  services,  and,  in  eo 
operation  with  Professor  ."^cegrist,  or 
gaui/ed  this  course.  Other  .\rinou 
.Vhnnni  who  ;ire  instructing  in  thi: 
grou|)  are  H.  A.  Hartusek,  '  K).  .M.E. 
.and  H.  .(.  Krisman.  '  K).  M.K..  «{  th. 
.\rniour  Kese.irch  I'oundation. 

Once  more.  Internation.al  H.irves 
tcr  sui)l)lied  the  instructors  when  thi 
(■(Uirsc  in  Industri.il  Maii.igement 
I'or<ui.in    Tr.aininij;.  w;is  orifJini/ed.    R 


Enrolling  future  industrial  managers.  Left  to  right:  A.  H.  Brown  and  E.  A.  Nelson, 
International  Harvester  Company,  A.  W.  Seward,  Clearing  Machinery  Company,  and 
Knute  Peterson,  Bell  &  Howell  Company,  supervisory  experts  loaned  to  the  Institute 
for  the  engineering  defense  training  program. 


18 


ARMOUR   ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNU: 


Starr,  Purdue,  '3i,  ^I.E.,  uiukr- 
Bok  the  responsibility  of  headina;  this 

portant  sjrou]),  and  lie  enlisted  the 
tlier  instructors,  twelve  in  number, 
•ho  are  pving  instruction  in  this 
ourse  in  Chicago  at  Lewis,  Armour, 
levere  Copper  and  Brass  Co.,  Miehir 

inting  Press  Co.,  Diamond-T  Motor 

..  and  in  Waukegan  at  the   Ameri- 

n     Steel     i<c     Wire     Co..     tlie     Xavy 
M.   C.   A.,  the   Pulilir   Library,   and 
he  Greenwood   School. 

Professor  Huntly  c  a  r  r  i  e  d  the 
urden  of  organizing  the  work  in  in- 
pection.  and  in  tliis  field  J.  L.  ILir- 
ington.  A.  1.  T.  ':.'<!.  Cli.K..  is  giving 

course  in  A.  S.  T.  M.  Testing  .Metli- 
ds  while  K.  J.  Dombrow.  A.  L  T.  ':i:3 
i.E.,  is  giving  Ordnance  Lisprction 
.lethods. 

The  work  in  Diesel  Engineering  is 
icing  supervised  by  Professor  Roescli. 
lembers  of  this  group  are  confined 
o  the  employees  of  a  particular  eom- 
)anv  which  is  engaged  in  the  manu- 
acture  of  large  quantities  of  a  new 
vpe  of  Diesel  engine,  for  use  in 
"  iks. 

Lack  of  space  forbids  the  listing  of 
he  entire  group  of  instructors,  but  the 
chedule  shows  wide  spread  over  in- 
lustrv  and  exceptional  educational 
ackground  and  subsequent  experi- 
nce.  The  Engineering  Defense 
Gaining  Committee  takes  this  oppor- 
unity  to  thank  each  of  the  instructors 
or    his     cooperation    in     making     tlu- 

rogram  a  success. 

The  courses  were  launched  on  ,Ian- 
lary  (i,  an  eventful  evening  during 
rhich  most  of  the  fifteen  hundred 
rhose  applications  were  aciepted 
ushed  into  the  Auditorium  of  the 
student  Union  to  enroll,  and  obtain 
heir  section  assignments.  The  illus- 
rations  which  accompany  these  words 
■onvey  quite  clearly  the  idea  of  the 
rowd  which  stormed  the  L'nion.  and 
ill  but  overwhelmed  the  enroUers. 
Tile  active  members  of  Pi  Tau  Sigma 

r\  rd   very  efficiently  as  ushers  dur- 

g  tliis  process,  and  their  efforts  arc 
jrate fully  acknowledged. 

^L1st  of  the  courses  began  during 
he  week  of  January  !•),  and  reniark- 
dile  to  relate,  most  of  the  students 
md  instructors  managed  to  find  their 
eparate  ways  into  the  proper  class- 
ooms.  The  inevitable  conflicts  and 
iiisunderstandings  were  relatively 
ew.  considering  the  haste  with  which 
111-  |irogram  was  authorized.  The 
|H.I,igies    and    regrets    of    the    EDT 

miinittec  are  hereby  extended  to 
\ut-.r  who  were  inconvenienced. 

Three-quarters  of  the  ajiplieants 
■iiuld  not  be  placed  in  the  classes,  bc- 
ausr  ))laees  were  available  for  only 
ittrrn  hundred  students.  To  each 
qiplicant  who  could   not  be  accepted. 


Microscopic  crystal  structure  study  of  steel. 
Engineering    defense    training    progrann. 


a  notice  was  sent,  which  listed  the 
reasons  for  this  fact.  Many  appli- 
cants lacked  the  qualitic;itions  while 
many  had  already  taken  college  work 
which  went  lnvond  that  ott'ered  in  the 
Progr.im.  The  ultimate  factor,  which 
determined  w  h  e  t  h  e  r  an  ajiplieant 
could  be  taken,  was  tiie  consideration 
of  his  individual  ease  to  see  whether 
his  training  would  aid  the  National 
Defense  Program. 

The  administration  of  an  educa- 
tional institution  with  fifteen  hundred 
students  is  not  a  matter  for  the  ji.-irt- 


time  efforts  of  :i  deiiartment  head 
wiiose  activity  should  be  directed  to- 
wards his  jiarticular  resiionsibilities. 
I'or  this  reason.  Dr.  Fred  A.  Rogers, 
who  served  Lewis  Institute  for  40 
years  as  the  Dean  of  Engineering, 
was  recalled  to  active  service  and  ap- 
pointed Director  of  the  Program.  He 
is  in  charge  of  the  operation  of  the 
existing  courses,  and  the  weighty  re- 
sjionsibility  of  filling  out  the  numer- 
ous rejiorts  to  Washington  is  his.  As 
.m  added  attraction,  he  is  also  admin- 
istcriiiii  tlic   X.-itional   Defense   Train- 


March,    1941 


The  Guiberson  Rotary  Diesel  has  specific  application  in  the  United  States 
Arnny's  new  high-speed  light-weight  tank.  A  student  in  the  engineering  de- 
fense training  program  is  shown  making  precise  measurements  of  a  Guiberson 
crankshaft. 


itii;  I'ron'raiii.  whicli  is  niviiii;  voc-i- 
tiiiii.ii  tr.iiiilTiiT  in  M.iciiinc  Sluip  .uid 
Wchliiifr  at  Lewis  Iiistituto.  Till-  ■■■<■» 
eral  direction  of  tlie  Kngicering  Di- 
ffuse Traininfj  Program  lies  in  the 
KDT  Committee,  eomi)osed  of  Dean 
(i  r  i  n  t  e  r.  Dr.  Rogers,  Professors 
Huntly  and  Vellott,  and  -Mr.  Spaeth, 
tlie  IJiisiness  Manager  of  the  Instituti-. 
Otlier  faeulty  members  who  exereisi- 
supervision  of  ))ortions  of  the  Pro- 
gram are  Professors  ,(.  S,  Kozaeka, 
Tool  Design.  W.  H.  .Seegrist.  Kle 
meiit.irv    M.ichine    Design.    Mr.    .\.    K. 


I'l.'inig.an,  Melding  Rnginiering,  ;in(l 
Professor  A.  II."  Carpriiter,  Met.il 
liirgy  and  .Metallograjjliy. 

As  the  Engineer  goes  to  jjress,  a 
second  EDT  Program  is  hcing  ar- 
r.-mged.  No  details  are  .avaiialilc  as 
yet.  except  tliat  the  courses  will  .igain 
lie  on  the  college  level,  devoted  ni;iinly 
to  elementary  chemical,  civil,  electri- 
cil,  and  mechanical  engineering  and 
to  industrial  management.  Tlir  courses 
will  start  about  March  'J  t,  and  .-luiiilc 
notice  will  be  giMii  through  the  public 


THE  MUSICAL 
CLUBS 

By 
GORDON  ERICKSON 


lluiiilrr.ls  „i  gr;.du.-.tcs  who  ; 
ut  their  valu.-ible  time  while  in  schoc 
may  be  wondei-iug  if  the  |)rcsent  glc 
club  ,ind  orchestra  lomparc  f.ivorabl 
with  the  c.irlier  outfits  to  which  the 
bilong(  (1.  Naturally,  it  is  difficul 
to  e(|U.il  the  fine  work  done  in  the  past 
but  we  are  still  alive  and  no  argumen 
will  convince  the  men  we  have  thi 
season  that  they  are  not  the  outstand 
ing  club  of  all  time.  Conceit."  No 
just  the  natural  feeling  of  a  group  o 
null  who  are  confident  that  the 
[lossess  the  ability  to  sell  tbemselve 
nuisic.illy  to  any  audience. 

What  a  Jilcasure  for  a  londuetor  t 
li.i\r  turn  who  .-ire  not  iinlv  |irou(i 
the  schcMil  they  .■.ttnicl  but  who  i 
sidcr  it  .111  lionov  to  lulong  to  an  or 
ganization  tli.it  is  presenting  th 
school  to  tlir  public  through  th 
tNMiity  or  more  cng.-igcmcnts  whic 
they    will    (ill   this   season. 

.\ii  acti\ity  that  has  the  interes 
.mil  (  iithusiasm  of  ten  per  cent  of  th 
student  body  nnist  command  the  at 
ti  ntion  of  ;iuthorities  who  j)ass  on  th 
.iilopticui  of  the  extra-curricular  jjro 
grains.  This  department  .-ittribute 
uuuh  of  its  success  to  the  loy.il  sup 
port  of  the  president  and  his  asso 
ci.ites  as  well  as  the  student  body  a 
.1  whole.  The  publications  give  ampl 
sp.icc  .iiid  arc  more  than  willing  to  an 
niuincc    ,iiul  cover  all  engagements. 

To  the  alumni  in  cities  of  the  mid 
west  we  wish  to  make  an  appeal  fo 
the  clubs.  It  lias  been  said  that  a  col 
lege  musical  organization  is  as  goo 
as  the  mileage  it  covers.  Our  club 
li.iM-  been  limited  to  only  a  few  out 
ol  town  engagements.  This  is  due  t 
the  f.ict  that  no  ahunni  association  i 
.Miy  city  has  considerc<l  |)rescnting  th 
I.  I.  T.  musical  clubs  before  influcil 
ti.-il  business  groups  because  of  th 
expense  involved  in  transportation  o 
one  hundred  men.  There  arc  sevcM 
ways  of  distributing  this  cxpens* 
howc\cr.  ,is  our  programs  ajipcal 
high  schools,  churches,  and  musica 
clubs,  and  our  men  do  not  object  t 
pl.aying  two  engagements   in  one  day 

Kindly  check  your  I'ity  and  com 
uiunii'.itc  with  us,  as  wc  are  open  t 
.niy    reason.ible   ])roposal. 


20 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNU! 


LOUP  RIVER  PUBLIC 
POWER  DISTRICT 


By 

GEORGE    W.    PETERSEN 


In  and  near  the  City  of  Columbus, 
Nebraska,  the  word' POWER  had 
been  discussed,  principally  by  Mr.  H. 
E.  Babcock,  since  back  in  tlie  sev- 
''entics.  Many  liad  tried  to  develop  a 
project,  but  all  hopes  were  abandoned 
when  the  World  War  started  in  191  K 
j  An  Armour  alumnus,  Mr.  Phil 
IHoekenberger     (M.    E.     1915),    born 


and  raised  in  Columbus,  revived  the 
power  idea  in  September,  1932.  Be- 
cause of  widespread  unemployment 
and  because  he  believed  this  to  be  a 
project  worth  while  to  the  vicinity 
and  to  the  State,  Mr.  Hockenberiicr 
lalled  a  meeting  of  the  leading'  busi- 
ness and  professional  men  of  Colum- 
bus   to    discuss    its    possibilities,    with 


the  idea  of  financing  it  through  the 
Reconstruction  Finance  Corporation. 
All  those  attending  were  much  inter- 
ested and  a  temporary  committee  was 
formed.  Tlie  committee,  with  the  as- 
sistance of  the  business  men  of  Co- 
lumbus and  vicinity,  raised  ^12.000 
wliich  was  to  be  used  for  the  purpose 
of  obtaining  data  and  to  cover  prelim- 


Air  View  of  Columbus  Powerhouse 


inarv  i-xpcii.sis  iirc<s>arv  to  sulnnit  all 
;il)])licatioii  to  the  liccunstructidii 
I'i nance  Corjioration. 

In  1933  the  coniniittcc.  tojictlicr 
with  a  jfroup  from  Lincoln  County  in 
^\'l■st(■rn  Nt'liraska.  sponsoiaal  and  sc 
cured  passajlc  of  Senate  I'"ile  310,  the 
cnahlinj;  act,  un(hr  which  a  district 
couhi  he  created.  'J'his  act  was  ap 
proved  hy  Ciovernor  (  liarlis  Hryaii  on 
Al)ril  18",  1933.  Immediately  iolhiw- 
inijj  tliis,  jjctitions  were  circiil.ited  and 
.sij^ncd  hy  more  th.an  (ifteen  ))er  c<nt 
of  tlie  voters  in  I'hitte  County, 
thcrehy  creating;  the  I.ou])  liivir 
Puhlie"  Power  District.  This  district 
was  to  he  under  tlic  ni.anajicmcnt  of 
an  chvcn  in.an  I'oard  of  Direitovs, 
with  Mr.  Charh-s  H.  Frick.-.  .i  Colinii 
l)ns  drufijiist,  ;is  its  (irst  in-esideiit.  'i'hi 
Jietition  w.is  .-qiproMd  hy  the  .St.ile 
Kntrineer    .-ind     thus    the     I.oiin     l{i\er 


I'lihlie     Power     District     w.is    ma(h'     .-i        from  the  State  on  March  L'3.   193  t,  ft 
politie.il    suhdi\ision    of    tlie    .St.itc    of       tlie  diversion  of  water  from  the  Lou 

Hiver.    Tlie  Ilarza  Knijinecrinu;  Cod 
])any,  headed  hy   Mr.    I,.   I'.   H.irza 


Xehr.iska. 

.Soon  after  the  district  w.-is  or^a- 
iii/.ed.  the  Federal  Kmcrji'ency  Admiii- 
istr.itioii  of  Puhlie  ^\'orks  Act  w.-is 
p.isscd  hy  Conii-rcss.  Tlie  Bo.ird  of 
Directors'  decided  to  transfer  the  ;ip 
plic.ition  from  tlie  !!. ■construction 
I  in.iiiee  Corpor.it ion  to  the  newly  or 
^.iiiized  I'edcr.i!  f.mer^eney  .Vdmiii 
istr.itioii   of   Puhlie   \\'orks   in   order   to 


iht; 


lo.'in 


Chicago,    were    selected    ,is    emisnltin; 
engineers. 

II>  I)I!<)-SVSTKM 

ihc   hydro  dcvclo|)nient   consists  o 
a     diversion     dam,     a     settling     hasil 
"r.int,  on  the  h.isis       thirty-three     and     one-half     miles     O 


of  seventy  per  cent  lo.in  .-ind  thirty 
]ier  cent  ur.int.  The  distri<t's  .ittor 
neys,  Wagner  .and  McKlfrcsh,  to 
gether  witji  Arthur  Mullen  of  Omaha 
.•ind  \\'.-ishington,  in-ep.ired  the  ,ippli 
(atinii  .and  suhmitted  it.  The  iiionrv 
u.is  alloc.-iteil  for  this  project  on  No 
M  iiiher    ].■).    193.3. 

W.-iter    power    rights    were    oht.iiiied 


e.inal,  a  regulating  reservoir,  and  tw 
))ower  houses.     The  water  elev.ntion 
the  Louj)  Piver  intake  is   l.")7'2  and  a 
the  Platte  outlet  is  1  HO. 

At  the  he.'ulworks,  earth  dikes  wer 
huilt  on  hoth  sid.s  o(  the  Lou])  Rive 
to  kieji  the  ri\.  r  In  one  locati(m.  Th 
control  \veir  .■mil  iiit.ike  serve  to  di 
Mrt    the    w;iter    from   the    Loui)    Uivci 


22 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUI 


I'll,  wfir  is  a  low  wall  of  reinfort-cil 
roii.iTte,    l;S20    feet    long,    extemliiii; 

HiD^s  the  1,011})  River.  The  erest  cle- 
\.>.ti(iu  is  1574,  about  two  feet  above 
the  normal  water  level  of  the  river  at 
this  point.  Located  on  the  north 
bank  of  the  river  is  the  intake  struc- 
ture. This  structure  is  built  of  rein- 
liircc  (1  concrete  and  supports  eleven 
li.ind-operated,  radial  n-ates.  each 
t\M  iity-four  feet  long  and  with  a  niax- 
iip.inii   opening  of   five    feet.      The   sill 

Icvation  of  the  intake  gates  is  1.30)9. .■). 
Downstream  from  and  at  right  angles 
:ii  the   intake  are  located   three  hand- 

)l)(rated  sluice  gates,  each  twenty  feet 
long,  with  a  maximum  opening  of  six 
feet.      The   sill  elevation  of  the  sluice 


gates  is  1 368.0.  Winter  operation  is 
insured  by  an  enclosed  boiler  which 
supplies  steam  for  thawing  all  gates. 
The  diversion  from  the  river  flows 
into  the  settling  basin,  which  serves  as 
a  stilling  basin  in  which  the  sand  and 
silt  carried  in  the  river  water  is  al- 
lowed to  settle  before  passing  over 
the  skimming  weir  into  the  canal.  The 
basin  is  200  feet  wide  and  10,000  feet 
long  with  a  maximum  depth  of  sixteen 
feet.  The  velocity  of  the  water  is 
less  than  one  foot  per  second.  Oper- 
ating water  level  is  1.572  and  the  crest 
of  the  reinforced  concrete  skimming 
weir  is  l.jfiS,  It  is  designed  for  a 
eai)ai'ity  of  .-i.OOO  cubic  feet  jx-r  sec- 
ond,     .'iilt    .-ind    sand    deijosited    in    the 


settling  basin  are  removed  by  an  elec- 
trically driven  floating  dredge.  Tliis 
dredge  has  a  twenty-eight  inch  cen- 
trifugal pump  driven  by  a  1200  horse- 
power motor.  Tests  have  demon- 
strated th.it  this  equipment  can 
remove  1 .200  cubic  yards  of  silt  and 
sand  ])er  hour.  The  discharge  is  car- 
ried through  concrete  and  galvanized- 
iron  sludge  flumes  and  deposited  at 
various  points  along  the  river  bank, 
where  it  is  carried  away  by  flood 
waters.  Power  for  the  operation  of 
the  dredge  is  supplied  through  a  S.'B,- 
000-volt  transmission  line  from  the 
Distriefs  j)ower  house  at  Monroe. 

The    water    flows     in    a    canal     for 
eleven    .and    one-half    miles     from    the 


Where  water  goes  into  settling  basin  from  Loup  River. 

The  ice  boom  keeps  the  floating  ice  from  clogging  the  diversion  gates  in  the  winter. 


March,    1941 


23 


Sawtooth  weir  at  entrance  of  regulating  reservoir  (Lake  Babcock). 

Sawtooth    arrangement   permits   three  times   as    much    discharge    as   if  the   weir  were 
straight  across. 


skiiiirniiii;-  wtir  of  tlic  .sittlinu;  li.isin  to 
tliu  -Monroe  power  liousi-.  This  (.anul 
is  designed  to  carry  3,000  euhie  feet 
of  water  per  second  at  a  velocity  of 
2.2.5  feet  per  second.  The  canal  has  a 
bottom  width  of  seventy-three  feet 
and  water  depth  of  1  l.-'J  feet  through 
the  ui)per  seven  miles  where  it  passes 
through  river  bottom  lands;  in  its 
lower  four  and  one-half  miles  has  a 
bottom  width  of  thirty-nine  feet  and 
a  water  depth  of  ID.s"  feet.  The  fall 
of  the  canal  is  uniformly  three  inches 
per  mile. 

The  .Monnic  power  iiouse,  wiiiell  is 
located  one  mile  north  of  .Monroe. 
Nebraska,  is  a  reinforced  concrete 
building  12i»  feet  long,  .39  feet  widf 
and  87  feet  high,  built  across  the 
canal.     This  building  lias  a  red  cement 


tile  roof,  steel  sasii,  hollow  metal 
doors,  and  terrazzo  floor  and  base  in 
tile  generator  room.  The  building  is 
e(Hiip[)ed  with  a  twenty-fivc-ton  elec- 
tric crane  for  handling  machinery  and 
e(piipnient;  it  is  operated  by  pendant 
controls  from  the  generator  floor.  Tiie 
-Monroe  power  house  has  tline  ver- 
tical-shaft Francis  turliines  of  :!.■_'()() 
horse-power  each,  direetly  eonneeted 
to  generators  rated  at  JT'iO  K\'.\  at 
ninety-five  percent  Jjowcr  factor.  Gov- 
ernors are  of  the  verticil  actuator 
ty])e  located  on  the  Hoor  beside  the 
generators.  A  one-shot  centralized 
lubrication  system  is  installed  on  each 
water  wheel  to  lubricate  the  gate  stem 
bearings,  gate  shifting  ring,  .iiid  gate 
links. 


The  generators  .ire  connected  to  ; 
indoor  (iyOO-volt  bus.  The  station  on 
put  is  stepj)ed  up  to  ;!t..")  K\'  fi 
transmission  to  the  Columbus  j)lai 
through  a  bank  of  three  single  phas 
2J0()-K\-\,  ().<),  :iK.i-KV  delta  st. 
connected  transformers.  The  norm 
()l)erating  head  is  thirty-two  feet.  Tl 
-Monroe  i)lant  is  ecpiipped  for  remo 
control  from  the  Columbus  plant.  Tl 
McMiroe  tail  water  flows  through 
canal  for  thirteen  miles  to  the  rcg 
lating  reservoir;  the  canal  is  tliirt 
nine  feet  wide  at  the  bottom  with  ' 
maximum  w.itir  dciith  of  liX.'J  fc' 
and  is  designed  for  the  same  capacii 
and  velocity  as  the  c.uial  above  tl 
Monroe  jiowcr  house. 

Tiic  regulating  reservoir,  known 
Lake    Habcock,   is   located  three   mil 


24 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNL 


nortli  of  Columbus,  Nebraska.  It  cov- 
ers an  area  of  1 ,000  acres,  and  at 
maximum  water  level  has  a  total  ca- 
pacity of  11,000  acre-feet,  of  wiiicli 
l),000  acre-feet  is  eti'eetive  for  the  gen- 
L-ration  of  power.  Approximately  one 
^nd  one-half  miles  of  concrete  wavc- 
lircakers  are  built  for  protection  of 
liiilli  embankments,  and  lower  fills  are 
protected  by  gravel  riprap.  The  pur- 
pose of  this  reservoir  is  to  provide 
storage  in  order  to  meet  daily  fluctua- 
tions in  demand  for  power. 

The  supply  canal  connecting  the 
reservoir  with  the  Columbus  power 
house  is  designed  to  carr_y  sufficient 
water  to  maintain  all  turbines  operat- 
ng  at  the  Columbus  plant  under  full 
oad.  This  canal  is  one  and  one-half 
iiiles  long;  it  has  a  bottom  width  of 
100  feet  and  normal  water  deptli  of 
;wenty-two  feet;  tlie  velocity  of  flow 
raries  from  l.t  to  2.0  feet  per  second; 


the    capacity    is    l-,800    cubic    feet    per 
second. 

The  Columbus  plant  consists  of  an 
intake  structure  built  at  the  end  of 
the  suj)ply  canal,  the  penstocks.  ,ind 
tile  power  house.  The  intake  struc- 
ture, built  of  reinforced  concrete, 
houses  three  steel  gates  controlling 
the  flow  into  the  penstocks.  Each 
gate  is  twenty  feet  square;  all  are  of 
vertical  lift  type,  electrically  o|)er- 
ated.  Steel  trash-racks  with  power 
rakes  are  provided  in  order  to  catch 
debris  wiiich  may  be  carried  in  the 
water.  Tile  intake  structure  is  lOt 
feet  wide.  60  feet  long,  and  U)  feet 
high;  surmounting  it  are  the  hoist 
towers,  which  are  34  feet  high.  The 
penstocks,  leading  from  the  intake  to 
the  scroll  cases  of  the  turbines,  con- 
sist of  tiiree  riveted-stecl  pipes  20 
feet  in  diameter  and  385  feet  long. 
The    penstocks    have    no    intermediate 


anchors  and  the  upper  half  of  each 
))ipe  is  exposed  while  the  lower  half 
is  embedded  in  screened  gravel.  The 
Columbus  power  house  is  located  two 
.111(1  one-half  miles  northeast  of  the 
city  of  Columbus.  It  is  a  reinforced 
concrete  building  180  feet  long.  57 
feet  wide  and  115  feet  high.  The 
building  has  a  red  cement-tile  roof, 
steel  sasli,  hollow-metal  doors,  and 
terrazzo  floor  in  the  generator  and 
control  rooms.  The  building  has  a 
75-ton  electrically  operated  hoist  witli 
a  15-ton  auxiliary  hoist  for  handling 
macbiiiery  and  equipment,  both  oper- 
ated by  jjciidaiit  controls  from  the 
floor.  The  Columbus  ))ower  house  has 
three  vertical-shaft  I'rancis  turbines 
(if  18,(100  horse-jiower  each,  directly 
connected  to  generators  rated  at  1  K- 
000  K\'.\  ,it  niiu'ty-flve  percent  ])Ower 
factor.  (ioveniors  are  of  vertical- 
actuator  tviie  located  on  tile  floor  next 


Columbus  Power  House.      Inside  view  showing  two  of  the  three  generators. 


March,    1941 


25 


to  tlif  U'lirr.itors.  'I'Ik'  iionn.-il  djrt- 
atiiin  luad  ]■,  II.'  I'ltt.  A  OIK-  shot 
(■(  ntralizfd  liiliric-.itioii  system  is  in 
stalitd  on  lacli  wlitil  to  liiliricatf  tin- 
j;ate-sttni  bearings,  j;  a  t  o  shifting' 
rinjr.  and  pite  links.  Each  jitncrator 
is  connected  directly  to  an  indoor 
l.!,800-volt  bus.  The  station  output  is 
stejjped  up  to  through  a  bank  of  three 
sinfTJe  piiase  13.8  U.")  K\"  delta  star 
connected  transformers,  the  m.iin  bus 
and  switehini;  beinic  at  the  ll.'i-KX' 
outdoors.  Tile  Columbus  (jower  house 
is  .-i  manually  operated  plant  and  the 
(dlmnbiis  substation  is  eontrolbd  and 
op.raled  by  attendants  in  tlic  Colum- 
bus  power  biiusi-.  The  Mniinie  plant 
is  also  iiper.ited  from  the  Cdhimbns 
plant  by  remote  control. 

The  "tailraee  cvuial  carries  the  dis- 
eharue  from  the  fohimbus  power 
hons.-  a  distani-e  of  live  .-ind  one-half 
miles  to  tlu-  I'latt.'  River,  .ibont  a  mile 
bilow  the  mouth  of  the  l.(Ull)  Hiver. 
The  can.il  is  desis;ned  to  carry  t.HOO 
cubic  fiet  per  second  at  a  velocity  of 
three  feet  ]ier  second.  It  has  a  bot- 
tom width  of  I--'  feet  and  a  maximum 
water  depth  of  18.9  feet.  The  outlet 
into  the  river  is  controlled  by  a  rein- 
forced concrete  weir  700  feet  long,  the 
crest  of  which  is  fixed  at  an  elevation 
sufficient  to  maintain  the  water  seal 
on  the  draft  tubes  of  the  Colinubus 
Power   House. 

Draiu.ige  conditions  along  the  canal 
have  been  met  by  the  construction  of 
lollecting  ditches  and  concrete  cul- 
V(  rts  to  pass  tlie  surface  drainage 
under  the  canal.  The  crossing  of 
three  imjjortant  creeks  was  effected  by 
the  construction  of  reinforced  concrete 
siphons  to  carry  the  canal  under  their 
beds.  Two  railroad  lines  and  one 
state  highway  were  crossed  by  means 
of  similar  siphons. 

IJridgc  construction  consists  of  ciui 
Crete  structures  for  one  s  t  a  t  e 
.and  two  national  highways,  two  rail- 
road bridges,  one  of  which  is  a  double- 
track  transcontinental  line  I  I'liion 
Pacific),  and  twenty-four  county  high- 
way bridges  of  steel  and  eonerete. 
Treated  timber  bridges  are  used  for 
roads  of  lesser  imiiortance  and  for 
j>rivate  crossings  for  bind  owners 
where  required. 

Thaxsmission   ."^  VST  km 

The  transmission  lines  ,ind  substa- 
tions were  designed  by  the  I,ou|)  Hiver 
Public  Power  District  under  the 
supervision  of  Mr.  1).  .1.  DcHocr. 
Chief  Electrical  Engineer.  The  sys- 
tem consists  of  a  11.5-KV,  (iO-cycle. 
three-phase  transmission  line  from 
Columbus  to  Fremont  and  Omaha. 
I1.5-KV.  OO-cyclc,  three-))hase  trans- 
mission line  from  Cohnnbus  to  T.in 
coin.  Il.'-.-KV.  no  cycle,  three-phase 
(Turn  to   page  52) 


DISTINGUISHED  SERVICE 

AWARD  TO 

PRESIDENT  HEALD 


The  .hinior  Association  of  Com- 
nu'ree  of  Chicago  has  shown  its  un- 
derstanding of  the  fact  that  the  af- 
fairs of  the  Illinois  Institute  of  Tech- 
nology arc  of  major  concern  to  the 
eomnnniity.  At  the  same  time  it  has 
conferred  imnor  on  our  young  ami 
energetic  president.  At  a  dinner  mi  et- 
ing  held  at  the  La  Salle  Hotd,  .I.in 
uarv  21.  19H,  connncmorating  the 
twentieth  birthday  of  the  .Vssociation. 
Henry  Townley  Heald  was  cited  for 
distinguished  service  "in  successful 
direction  of  the  merger  of  Armour 
Institute  of  Technology  and  Lewis 
Institute  into  the  Illinois  Institute  of 
Technology."  The  nport  of  the  com 
mittec  on  awards  stated  th;it  the  re 
suit  of  his  work  was  "to  give  Chicago 
tin-  largest  institution  of  its  kind  in 
the  country,  thus  jirov  iding  the  largest 


|iossibilities  for  eooper.itiim  with  in- 
dustry. ' 

President  Heald's  address  in  ac- 
ceptance of  the  award  follows: 

"I  am  totally  without  exiicrience  in 
m.iking  speeches  of  .acceptance  on  oc- 
e.isienis  of  this  kind,  init  I  do  want  to 
say  to  the  .lunior  .Association  of  Com- 
UK  rec  that  1  ,un  really  appreciative 
of  the  honor  th.it  has  conn'  my  way. 
This  gratitude  stems  not  so  much 
from  any  personal  pride  wliich  I  may 
have  in  my  own  modest  accomplish- 
ments as  from  the  satisfaction  which 
it  gives  mc  to  have  your  organization 
recognize  what  seems  to  me  to  be  a 
really  significant  event  in  educational 
dexilopment    in    Chicago. 

"I    understand  that   this   .Vward   was 

b.ised    U|)on   tlu'   successful    completion 

(Turn  to   page   52) 


26 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


business"'^'' 

reach  for  the 

TELEPHONE 


N< 


lo  matter  what  line  of  business  you  go 
into  after  graduation,  you'll  find  the  tele- 
phone a  powerful  aid. 

If  youre  in  the  selling  end,  the  telephone 
w  ill  help  you  to  save  time,  eover  more  pros- 
pects more  frequently,  increase  sales  and 
decrease  selling  costs. 

If  your  work  has  to  do  with  purchasing, 
distribution,  production,  administration  or 
( ollections,  the  telephone  will  help  you  to 
get  things  done  faster  at  low  cost. 

Bell  System  service  is  so  valuable  to  busi- 
ness because  it  meets  so  mauv  \  ar\  inir  nmvls. 


WHY    NOT    GIVE    THE    FAMILY    A    RING    TONIGHT?    LONG    DISTANCE    RATES    TO 
MOST     POINTS     ARE     LOWEST     AFTER     7  P.M.     ANY     NIGHT  — ALL     DAY     SUNDAY 


v^arch,    1941 


27 


HELP! 


HELP! 


HELP 


ENGINEERING 
STUDENTS 
1940-1941 


Tlic  PlaciiiRiit  Depart  UK- lit  jucds 
engineers  for  jobs!  You  Armour  and 
Lewis  Alumni,  if  you  desire  a  change, 
or  if  you  are  out  of  work,  now  is 
your  chanee.  Engineers  are  wanted 
by  the  thousands  1  Gone  are  tlie  days 
of  Technocracy.  The  golden  days  of 
"milk  and  honej'"  are  here  for  the 
engineers.  Industry  after  industry 
asks  for  10,  20,  50,  or  500  men,  and. 
yes,  one  large  corporation  wanted 
3600  engineers  at  one   fell   swoop. 

From  a  tireless  crumb-picker  this 
department  has  blossomed  into  a 
bloated  job  dispenser.  What  liave 
you  to  sell  in  the  way  of  experi- 
ence.' Send  your  storj-  here  from 
wherever  you  are  located.  Engineers 
are  wanted  all  over  the  United  States 
and  abroad.  We  now  have  a  request 
for  twenty-five  men  to  go  to  Liberia. 
Ever  since  October,  the  19  H  class 
has  been  interviewed  by  industrial 
organizations.  Recently,  in  one  week, 
eighteen  different  industries  granted 
over  300  interviews  to  members  of 
our  19U  June  graduating  class. 
Sixty  co-ops  in  mechanical  engineer- 
ing who  graduated  recently  were  .-it 
work  the  next  day. 

Salesmen,  draftsmen,  men  for  ex- 
perimental work,  men  for  research, 
men  to  supervise  employees,  men  for 
time  and  motion  study,  wage  incen- 
tive, industrial  relations,  structural 
steel  designers,  highway  engineers, 
tool  designers,  inspectors — the  jobs 
for  you  engineers  run  the  whole 
gamut  of  engineering  experience.  Me 
chanicals.  Civils,  Architects,  Elec 
tricals.  Chemists,  and  Chemical  Kngi 
neers,  and  men  from  the  department 
of  I'irc  Protection  Engineering  are 
sought. 

The  Army  and  the  Navy  are  also 
asking  for  numerous  men  witli  tech- 
nical experience  for  inspection,  test- 
ing, and  research. 

At  this  writing,  February  'J  1 ,   19  U. 


tla-  Na\y  wants  post  haste  forty  of 
our  seniors,  fifty-two  juniors,  and 
thirty-six  or  more  graduate  students. 
The  Army  wants  twent^'-six  inspec- 
tors (graduates)  from  us  for  a  train- 
ing course,  and  must  have  them 
March  1.  at  the  Rock  Island  Arsenal. 
The  Ordnance  Department  is  looking 
for  men  skilled  in  industrial  engi- 
neering, to  take  cliarge  of  plants. 
This  week  this  department  has  sent 
several  men  to  Liberia,  one  to  Puerto 
Rico,  some  to  California,  and  some 
to  the  Atlantic  Coast. 

If  any  of  you  lads  can  figure  out 
hew  you  can  knock  off  a  chunk  of 
the  moon  and  have  a  couple  of  bil- 
lion tons  of  it  drop  conveniently  on 
.some  far-off  land  for  its  obliteration, 
or  figure  out  how  to  utilize  L'ranium 
2.'{5  .md  shoot  a  shell  equivalent  to 
,1  billion  tons  of  TNT  across  the 
.Vtlantic  or  the  Pacific  Ocean,  or  how- 
to  bore  a  hole  big  enough  under  1000 
feet  of  water  and  fill  it  with  enough 
exjjlosive  to  sink  some  island  or  a 
continent,  or  if  you  can  send  bolts 
of  lightning  out  of  a  tube  across  the 
oceans  and  shock  millions  of  men,  or 
can  do  research  on  machines,  air- 
planes, guns,  cannon,  explosives,  or 
bullet-jiroof  cloth.  L'ncle  Sam  is  look- 
ing for  you.  .\  few  thousand  scien- 
tists and  engineers  may  easily  be 
wortli  a  million  soldiers,  fully 
equipped.  You  are  needed  not  only  for 
rese.-irch  on  offensive  material,  but 
.iko  to  match  your  wits  for  the  <le 
ftnsive  against  those  achie\  enients  of 
science  that  would  tend  to  obliterate 
this  nation. 

There  are  hundreds  of  engineers 
w.-inted.  Send  in  your  exjierience  or 
write  us  for  a  I'laeetiient  Record,  fill 
it  out  and  AIliMAII.  it  t,.  i]<r  l>l,iee 
nieiit   Office. 

.lollN     .1.     .*^l  UOMMKU, 

Director  of  Placement. 


Mechanical  Engineering,  in  its  Feb- 
ruary, 19 H,  issue,  quotes  from  the 
December,  1910,  number  of  The 
Journal  of  Engineering  Education 
statistics  relating  to  registration  i] 
engineering  courses. 

The  total  19 10-1 911  enrollment  ir 
153  institutions  in  the  L'nited  States 
and  Canada  is  110,618.  Of  these,  b\ 
far  the  largest  number,  28,609,  are 
in  mechanical-engineering  courses 
Enrollments  in  other  engineering 
courses  are:  aeronautical,  3723;  agri ' 
cultural,  861;  architectural,  1119' 
ceramic,  730;  chemical,  16,177;  civil 
11,152;  electrical,  15,505;  industrial 
2112;  metallurgical,  2276;  mining 
2291;  and  unclassified,  25,727.  Thi, 
total  enrollment  in  1 16  institution: 
reporting  in  1939  was  105.892  under 
graduate    engineering    students. 

Enrolled  in  these  same  schools  fo 
work  leading  to  the  master's  degre< 
are  4589  students,  and  for  the  do 
tor's  degree,  623  students.  In  grad 
uate  engineering  enrollment,  how 
evir.  mechanical  engineering  (89 
master's,  18  doctor's)  is  edged  ou 
by  chemical  engineering  (910  mas 
ter's,  237  doctor's),  and  electrical  en 
gineering  (981  master's,  120  doc 
tor's).  Other  graduate  enrollment 
are:  aeronautical.  130  master's.  2 
doctor's;  agricultural.  28  master's, 
doctor's;  architectural,  21  master's, 
doctor's;  ceramic,  11  master's,  2 
doctor's;  civil,  603  master's.  66  <io( 
tor's;  industrial,  178  master's,  2  do( 
tor's;  metallurgical,  216  master's.  1 
doctor's;  mining.  63  master's,  7  do< 
tor's;  and  unclassified.  556  master'. 
16  doctor's. 

The    largist    undergr.iduate    enrol 

nient    is    at    the    Illinois     Institute 

Technology    (formerly   Armour    Inst 

tut.'   and'f.ewis   Institute),    1087.   Tf 

(Turn  to  page  5; 


28 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNU 


I  Was  All  In. ..But  the  Major's  33toF 


HERefe  how'SStoI' 

OID  THE  TRICK 


SORRY,  MAJOR.. 
CAN'T  KEEP  OUR. 
APPOINTMEI^.  BEEN 
A  TOUG-H  DAY 


r 


!R.TWO,  WISS 
YOU   KNOW  *^' 

WHAT  I  MEAM         f  ^ 


^    ^    I*  fl 


fITS  PABSTBLUE 
IBBON,  33  PINE 
^REWS  BLENDED 
■)  MAKE  O/Vf  GREAT 
BEER-SMOOTHER. 
PASTIER..  ALWAYS 
THE  SAME 


Cupyriuht  l'J41,Pab.st  Brewint-  Company,  Milwaukee 


33  fine  brews  blended 
to  make  ONE  great  beer! 


IT'S   SMOOTHER.  .  .  IT'S  TASTIER 
...  IT   NEVER  VARIES 


ms£f£uoty,  T»e  MAJOR/ 

CeRTA/NLY  AIAKSS  ONS 
P£llC/OUSBe£R/ 


Yes,  RE.AI,  BHER  U)VERS  know 
it's  stiuirt  to  order  Pabst  Blue 
Ribbon.  It  has  something  yow 
enjoy  in  no  other  beer:  a  BLEND 
of  3.5  fine  brews  to  make  ow 
single  glass!  As  in  the  finest  coffee 
and  champagne,  it's  this  expert 
hhnd'nig  that  gives  Blue  Ribbon 
its  smoother,  tastier,  unvarying 
goodness.Today— treat  yourself  to 
a  cool,  foaming  glass— and /rri/i'  it! 


mt£*»»T  bjljniy      linjo;,  it  ill  full  or  club  size  hoiilts.  handy  cans, 

~  ' —  ''^  and  on  draft  at  belter  places  everyuhert. 


March,    1941 


29 


MIDWEST  POWER 
CONFERENCE 


APRIL  9-10,  1941 


PALMER  HOUSE,  CHICAGO 


In  the  Dcccnilicr  issue  of  the  Ar- 
mour f^nginecr  and  Alumnus,  your 
attention  was  ealled  to  tlie  fact  tliat 
the  ]t)H  meetinar  of  the  Midwest 
I'owcr  Confer  e  n  c  e  will  be  held 
Wednesday  and  Thursday.  April  9-10. 
•it  the  Palmer  House,  Chicago.  Tlie 
jireliminary  program  of  the  Confer- 
ence has  been  released  recently  by  the 
Conferenee  Director,  Stanton  E. 
Winston,  and  is  given  herewith.  An 
insi)ection  of  this  program  will  make 
it  evident  that  you  can  not  afford  to 
miss  this  Conference  if  3'ou  are  in- 
terested in  any  phase  of  the  field  of 
jiower.  You  are  most  cordially  invited, 
.uu!  your  presence  will  be  appreciated. 
I'rograms,  containing  registration 
cards  and  eomjjlete  information  con 
eerning  the  Conference,  are  now  avail- 
able, and  may  be  obtained  from  C.  .\. 
Xash,  Conference  .Secretary,  Illinois 
Institute  of  Technology,  Chicago,  Illi 
iiois.  .Send  for  several  copies  and 
pass  tiiem  on  to  tliose  of  your  ac- 
(juaintances  who  will  be  interested. 
PreHminart/  Pror/rarn 
Wednesday,  A])ril  9,  19H 
9:00  A.M.  Registration. 

Palmer  House.  Cliieago. 
10:1.5  A.M.  Opening  Meeting. 

O.     A.     I.eiitwiler.     Chair 
m;m. 
fa")    .\d(lress      of      \\'elcome.        Pliili)) 
Harrington.       Commissioner       of 
.Subways      and       .Superhighw.iys. 
Ciiicago,    III. 
(h)    Kcsponsc     for     tiie     Cooperating 
Institutions.      Iluber     O.     Croft. 
Head.  Department  of  Mechanical 
I'.ngineering,   The    .State    Univer- 
sity of  low.-i. 
(c)    Power  racilities  ami  the  Def.iisc 
I'rogram.    C.  W .   Kellogg,  Orou)) 
Kxeeutive.    The    .\dvisory     Com- 
mission   to    the    Council     of    N.i 
tional  Defense. 


(  d  )    A  Resume  of  Present  Day  Power 
Trends.     .\.   G.   Christie,   Profes- 
sor   of    Mechanical    Engineering, 
The  .Johns  Hojjkins  University. 
1  L' :  1 .5  P.M.  .loint    T  u  n  c  li  e  o  n     with 
A.S.M.E. 
L.   M.   Ellison,   Chairman. 
Speaker:  Alfred  Iddles,  Application 
Engineer,  Babcock  and  Wilcox  Com 
pany.  New  York. 
2:00  P.M.  Central  Station   Praeti.e. 
M.  P.  Cleghorn.  Chairman. 
(a)    Forced    Circulation    in    American 
Power     Plant     Practice.      W.     II. 
Armacost.  Chief  Engineer,  Super- 
heater and   Economizer  Division. 
Combustion      Engineering     C(nn- 
]).iny.  Inc.,  New  York. 
(  li  )    .Modern    Steam    Turbine    Design. 
C.  C.  Franck,  Engineer  in  Charge 
of      Central      .Station      Turbines. 
^^"estinghouse   EU'ctric  .and   Man- 
ufacturing    Company.     Pliiladel- 
])hia. 

(c)  \'ariable  Sjieed  Drives  for  Power 
Plant  .Vuxiliaries.  Ci.  ^'.  Edmon- 
son, District  Hydraulic  Coup- 
ling .Specialist,  .\merican  Rlower 
Corporation,  Chi<-;igo. 

(d)  Discussion. 

■■i-Ar,  P.M.  Hydro  Pow.r. 

Ben  (;.  Elliott.  Ch.iirm.m. 

I  .1  )  Hvdro  Power  and  the  N.itional 
Emergency.  Roger  B.  MeWlior 
t.r.  Chief  Engineer.  I'eder.il 
Power  Counnission.  W.ishiiiijton. 
I).  C. 

(1>)  The  Operation  of  the  Multi-iuir- 
l)ose  Proji-ets  of  the  Teiniessee 
\',illey  .\uthority.  .Sherman  M. 
Woodward.  Chief  Water  Control 
Pl.inning  Engineer,  Teiniessee 
\'  .a  II  <■  y  .\utliority.  Kiioxville. 
Teiin. 

(c)  \  Jiaper  to  be  l)resente<l  by  \\',  ,1. 
Rheingans.  Test   Eiminn  r.  Allis- 


Chalmers     Manufacturing     Coin- 
])any,  Milwaukee.  Wis. 
(d)    Discussion. 

6:i5P.M.  "All  Engineers"  Dinner. 
Informal  (Ladies  invited). 
.Speaker:     Dr.     Harvey     N.     Davis,! 
President.   .Stevens    Institute  of   Tcch- 1 


oir\'. 

"ti 

:  1 .-)  A 


lursd.iy.   .Vpril    10,    19  H 

.M.  Ehctrie    Power  Transmis- 


C.  Iraneis  Harding.  Chair- 
ni;m. 
(ill  The  I.imit.itions  Placed  on  Power 
Tr.insinissicni  by  .System  .Sta- 
liility.  II.  E.  Wulting.  .System 
l)(veloj)nuiit  Engineer.  Co 
monwealth  Edison  Company.  Chi- 
lago. 

(b)  Trends  in  Equipment  Design  in 
Relation  to  Economics  and  De- 
fense. W.  J.  Mcl.achlan.  Engi- 
neer in  Charge  of  .Apparatus  Line 
Sponsor  Section,  General  Elec- 
tric Company,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

(c)  Discussion. 

9:1.5  .\.M.  Industrial    Power    Plants. 
Hugh    E.     Keeler.    Chair- 
man. 
(.1)    Inereasing     Power     Production  1 
with     Present     Boiler     Facilities. 
H.  S.   Haw  ley.  Acting  Chairman. 
Department  of  Mechanical  Engi- 
neering. L  niversity  of   Michig; 
(b)    Instruments  and  Control.   Charles 
W.   Parsons,  Republic  Flow   Me- 
ters  Company,  Chicago. 
(e)    Discussion. 
]0:t-.)  A.M.  Feedw.iter    Treatment. 

Chairman,     H.     E.     Hol- 
lensbe.    Editor.     Indus- 
trial Power. 
(.i)    Removal    of    Gases    from    Boiler 
Feedwater.    .Vrthur   E.   Kittridge. 
Chief    Engineer.    Cochrane    Cor- 
]ii)ratiou.   Philadel])liia. 
(  li)    \\'ater  Treatment  Problems  in  the 
Ste.im  Power  Plant.    Fredcrik  Ci. 
.Strauli.   Research   Associate   Pro- 
fessor  of   Chemical   Engineering. 
University  of  Illinois. 
(  e  )    Discussion. 

I.':15  P.M.  .Joint     I.  n  n  c  h  e  o  n     with 
A.I.E.E. 
Frank     V.     Smith.     Cliai 
111,111. 
Speaker:   .Major   Charles   W.    I.eili 
I '.v..  formerly    Editor.   Electric   I.igiit 
and  Powi'r.    ".Vsjieets  of  the  N;iti<ni.al 
Power    Pn.il.    Defensiv.ly    .and    After- 
wards." 
]:t.5P.M.  Bus   leaves   P.-.Imer   Hous 
for  Ins])eetion   Trip  through   the 
Tr.ietor    \\'orks    of    the    Interna- 
tional  H.arvester  Comiianv. 
t::iO   P.M.  Bus  returns  to  the  Palmer 

Hollsr. 
,S:0()  P.M.  Smoker    - 

I'ill.ll    G.l    logether. 
I'.ntert.-iinment. 


30 


ARMOUR   ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


-^;^Wi^ 


,!ff.^-^' 


OH© 


'^mw 


NIGHT    BASEBALL 


Toximatcly   the  following 

750,000  CanJIe  powe 

100.000,000  Candle  powci 

2,575.000  CanJIe  powe 

210,000,000  Candle  powe 


LONGEST   ELECTRIC    STAIRWAY 

Two  vcara  a^o  Wcstingliou.e  cneincercd  and 
built  the  longest  electric  stairway  ever  used 
in    thi3   country.      It    was    designed    to: 

1.  Save    subway    riders    millions    of    steps. 

2.  Transport    passengers    to    llie    top    of    the 
Empire    State    Building. 

3.  Carry    slioppers    from     fl.Kir    to    floor    in 
Macy's     Department     Store. 

4.  Transport    World's     Fair    visitors     to     the 
inside    of    the    rerisphere. 


THE    STERILAMP 


Sterilamp 


Science     lias     acclaimed     tli< 
developed    by    Westinghouse 

1.  It     provides     normal     daylight     for     class- 
rooms,   offices  and    factories. 

2.  It     facilitates     medical     diagnosis     of    dif- 
ficult    pathological    conditions. 

3.  It    kills    micro-organisms    with    ultraviolet 


THE     LARGEST    TELESCOPE 

The  ::uO-iii,  li  lcl.-„,,,„-  f,,r  will,  h  Wcslin 
house  clesitMi.-d  and  built  the  mounting 
now    being    erected: 

1.  On    Mt.    Palomar,    California. 

2.  On    Dear    Mountain.    New    York. 

3.  On   Sankaly  Head,   Nantucket. 

4.  Oil     a     mountain     iu     Aberdecn-Hoquiai 
Washington 


THE    ATOM    SMASHER 

e  giant  W-.on  atom  sma-her  in 
stinghousc  Research  Laboratories  is 
ncipally  for: 
Testing  the  tensile  strength  of  1 
Measuring  the  impact  of  projectilt 
Conducting  theoretical  research  ir 
clear  physics- 
Providing  hlgh-vuhage  beam  for 
X-raying. 


THE    TIME    CAPSULE 

cstiugliou.,,:      luiic     Caii.ulc     bun 
le     of     the     New     York     World's 

rioug    plans    for  universal    peace, 
record     of     contemporary     civili 


Just  a  Word 
Before  You  Begin 


Here's  an  opportunity  to  test  your 
knowledge  of  electricity  and  meas- 
ure your  familiarity  with  impor- 
tant developments  iu  tin-  field  of 
science. 

Optional  answers  are  provided 
for  each  of  the  six  situations  illus- 
trated at  the  left.  Your  task  is  to 
select  the  one  that's  correct.  So  that 
there'll  be  no  temptation  to  peek, 
the  answers  are  printed  below,  up- 
side down. 

If  you  get  four  out  of  si.x  correct 
your  knowledge  of  electricity  is 
average.  Five  out  of  six  is  good.  If 
you  chalk  up  a  perfect  score  the 
class  ought  to  vote  you  "most  likely 
to  succeed. " 


•     ANSWERS     • 

"2  ■"'V ainsdeo     amij.     jqj, 

•C  ■'">■ J.>i|svms     uioiv    oi|I. 

•I  ''"V .ido.isapx     Is^Siri 

•E  ••"V dmoi.J-..s      o,|j. 

•»  ■•"V X.Mtl.ls     .iiJl.ia|;,     i.:.3u.>-j 

•t  ''"T - ll'l-'O'a     "l'!N 


^\^stindiouse  '^f sr. 


arch,    194! 


31 


THE  BOOK  SHELF 


By 

PHILIP  O'KELLY 


CHICAGO  SYMPOSIUM 

Kld.r  OIm.m.  Thr  (■-/(■/,■  „f  ]lr,n;n: 
Tlu-    M.umillan   Company,    19K). 

Cicorjic  Steele  Sevinour,  Hilltop  in 
Michigan:  The   HoJkfellows.    19tO. 

Carl  H.  Grabo.  The  Black  Butter- 
rii/:  Packard  and  Company,   19  tO. 

'I'lu-  world  of  letters  knows  well 
the  Chieai^o  which  Carl  Sandburg  de- 
scribed in  blood-red  lines: 

Hog   Butcher   for  the   World. 
Tool    Maker.   Stacker   of   Wheat. 
Player    with    Railroads    and    the 

Nation's   Freight    Handler: 
Stormy,  husky,  brawling, 
City  of  Big  Shoulders : 

But  many-sided  Chicago  is  also  a 
city  of  })oets,  three  of  whom  made  in 
19  to  important  contributions  to  Amer- 
ican literature.  From  Elder  Olson, 
Assistant  Professor  of  English  at 
Illinois  Institute,  came  The  Cock  of 
Heaven.  George  Steele  Seymour,  As- 
sistant General  Auditor  of  the  Pull- 
man Company  and  founder  of  The 
Bookfellows,  completed  Hilltop  in 
Michigan.  Carl  H.  Grabo,  Professor 
of  English  at  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago, brought  togither  the  ))<)enis  of 
The  Black  Biitterfl II. 

In  The  Cock  of  Heaxeu,  Professor 
Olson  does  not  seek  to  develop  an 
entirely  new  or  original  type  of  book. 
His  basis  is  a  medieval  form,  the 
commentary  on  a  given  te.xt,  that  ])re- 
scnts  a  dialectic  scheme  from  which  a 
logically  valiil  conclusion  may  be 
drawn.  By  variation  in  style  and 
verse  form,  the  author  both  imitates 
and  makes  distinctive  the  ))crsonality 
and  style  of  the  men  from  whom  com- 
ments arc  t.ikcn.  With  one  exception, 
this  outstanding  j)iecc  of  writing  is 
original.  Here.  Professor  Olson  builds 
a  section  from  sentences  found  in  the 
sermons  of  John  Donne.  These  ex- 
cerjits  he  arranged  in  a  sequence 
which  resulted  in  a  Howing  jirosc 
jjassage. 

Having  imitated  the  style  and 
utilized  the  ideas,  feelings,  and  be- 
liefs of  the  Middle  Ages,  The  Cock 
of  Heaven  may  appear  morbid  to 
those    unacquainted    with    the    period. 


In  any  event,  gaiety  could  not  be  ])re- 
(lominarit  in  a  text  concerned  with 
the  history  of  man  in  relation  to  the 
seven  deadly  sins.  Far  from  morbid 
is  the  conclusion  that  man  was  cre- 
ated much  too  \veak  for  the  tempta- 
tions which  beset  him,  and  therefore 
he  may  not  be  damned  by  an  all-nier- 
liful  (iod.  This  carefully  drawn  and 
logically  valid  conclusion,  we  may 
add.  runs  counter  to  accepted  medieval 
thought,  and  was  challenged  by  St. 
Thomas  Aquinas,  among  other  au- 
thorities. 

As  a  rule,  the  verse  flows  freely, 
and  in  its  various  forms  repeatedly 
gives  evidence  of  unusual  poetic  ver- 
satility: 

In  that  land  the   fixed  stone 
Cried   out    for   the    bird's    transit,   the 

free  bird 
Cried    out    for    the    establishment    of 

stone: 
The     mountains,     for     envy     of     their 

images. 
Strained,    cracked,    lunged,    slid    into 

the  sea ; 
Meanwhile     the     impcrson.il     >un     lit 

common  air ; 
Fruits    shone,    or    snow,    according    to 

the    season. 


Smite  Thou  this   iiollow   heart:  tlKmuili 

it   lament. 
Pity  it  not;  Musician,  no  wrong 
Is  suffered  by  the  shaken  instrument. 

Though  nKUirnfulness  .iwake  and  echo 
long. 

O  heed  it  not  but  take  it  for  Thy  bell. 
But   speechless   metal  strangely   given 

tongue. 
That    feels    no    str<ike    upon    its    iriven 

shell. 
Whatever     cry     be     of     its     substanie 

wrung. 

Never  does  Tin-  Cock  of  Heavrii 
show  a  l.nk  of  polish,  although  ;it 
times  jjolish  is  subordinated  to  in 
tensity: 

W  ind  veers,  the   ship   f.ires 

.\s    the    moon     luox  ing    in     the     se.i's 

mountains. 
In     the     formed     land     the     slow     foot 

fares. 


We  stare  to  sheer  sky-rim. 
Of  our  agonies  raise  there 
Running  waves,  dawn-burst. 
Towered    rain-ranges,    night    country 
.Never  the  sought   st.ir. 

In  Hilltop  in  Michigan,  (ieorge 
Steele  Seymour  has  wrought  an  in- 
teresting narrative  poem  of  rural  life. 
Pnseiited  as  a  legend,  it  seeks  in 
|)art  to  i)rovide  a  foundation  for  ad- 
ditional legends  with  which  time  may  \ 
surround  the  new  library  of  the  Order 
of  Bookfellows — built  upon  a  hilltop  > 
in   Michigan. 

The  talc  itself  is  moving  and  well 
told,  with  the  rural  setting  as  typical! 
as  the  people  who  inhabit  the  l.md. 
^\'e  have  the  author's  word  that  the 
entire  narrative  is  fictitious,  but  one 
feels  that  Mr.  Seymour  both  knows 
and  has  in  mind  characters  similar  to 
those  described.  Always  maintaining 
his  purpose  of  forming  a  nucleus 
legend,  he  sacrifices  everything  to  the 
telling  of  his  tale.  An  excellent  story- 
teller, he  adroitly  entwines  the  lives 
of  the  i)eople.  the  local  customs,  man- 
nerisms, and  conditions  around  the 
Bookfellow's  building.  Interest  in, 
and  the  pace  of  the  narrative  are  well 
sustained,  but  not  sufficiently  to  hide 
occasional  grossness  in  the  verse.  Had 
the  whole  of  the  book  been  upon  a 
lower  poetic  plane,  the  lumpy  spots 
would  not  prove  so  jarring.  As  it  is. 
the  reader  first  will  rise  on  the  crest 
of   a   beautiful   descriptive  passage: 

The   farmer  sweating  at  his  round. 

Hot    horses    dragging    through    their 

toil, 
riie   iiatient  cow,  the  panting  hound, 

.\11   vassals  of  the   sun.    The  soil. 

Tortured  beyond  the  brink  of  peace. 
Takes  vengeance  in  her  ancient  way — 
The   innumerable   slow    release 

Ot   sh  nder  shafts  that  stab  the  day. 

Next,   sweeping  down   the   slope  of 
an  engrossing  tale : 

'Th(  n    to    a    boardiiiLT   house    she    hied 

her. 
Keeping  hir  fortune  close  beside  her. 
.She  chose  a  room  on  the  second  floor, 
Making  sure  of  a  wcll-loe'kcd  door. 
Trusting   that   the   door   was   stout 
1-. noiigli   to  keep  all  comers  out. 

I'lii-   re.uler  may  be  taken   up  short 
in  a  slough  of  ne.ir-doggerel  verse: 

Every  day 
His  i)resence  graced  the  entry  w.ay. 
."Peeking  to  make  life  most  enjoyable, 
He'd  cast  his  lot   with   the  Great   Un- 
employable. 
Anil,   e.areless   of   his    f.ite   .ir   dress, 

(Turn   to   page  53) 


32 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


^  sensational  triumph  of  tT?^^''*"'  f'''^'^ 
■■^^^  executive's  ideal  of  eCO«o«^^  *"^  «//,- 
^  secretary's  dream  cot^e 


?c^ 


SUPERBLY  DESIGNED 
FROM  EVERY  ANGLE 
Yet  there's  more  to  the 
new  L  C  Smith  than 
its  modern  appearance. 
There  are  many  new  typ- 
ing aids.. .the  new  Auto- 
matic Margin  Set.  ..not 
a  gadget,  but  a  simpler, 
easier  way  to  set  margins. 


Tomorrow's  typewriter — today!  A  step  beyond  all 
others  in  modern,  efficient  designing  ...  a  step  ahead 
in  mechanical  refinements  and  typing  aids. 

Yet,  basically  this  new  model  retains  all  the  sound, 
trustworthy  principles  which  have  made  the  Super- 
Speed  L  C  Smith  the  choice  of  exacting  operators  and 
successful  business  executives  everywhere. 


FAST,  EFFICIENT  . .  . 
MORE  COMPLETE 
THAN  EVER!  Other  fea- 
tures of  the  1941  Super- 
Speed  model  are  the  new 
Type  Bar  Segment  Lock 
...new  Line  Space  Indi 
cator... new  Card  Holder 
4 . .  new  Overhead  Bail 
. .  .  new  Touch  Selector 
and  improved  Tabulator 
Mechanism. 


::^     THE  NEW  1941 


L  C  SMITH 

For  demonstrtition  call  any  L  C  Smith  branch  or  dealer  Booklet  on  request. 

L  C  SMITH  &  CORONA  TYPEWRITERS  INC 
301  N.  Michigan  Avenue  Randolph  0052 


■nt  and  Standard 
>mith  Typewriters 


Corona  Portable 
Typewriters 


Corona  Adding 
Machines 


Vivid  Duplicators 
and  Supplies 


Type-Bar  Brand 
Ribbons  &  Carbons 


March,    1941 


33 


FORTY- FIFTH 

COMMENCE. 

MENT 


'I'llC     IDIIllIU  lUlllUIlt     Cll-l  llllllIX  .     .1.111- 

uarv  "^!>.  lilH.  at  tlif  .UKlitoiiuin  nt 
tlif  Mustuni  of  .Stii  iKi-  .iTul  IiKiii^tiy. 
was  tin-  fortv-tif'tli  tor  .Vriiiour  t.)l- 
k'gf  of  Kiijriiiffriiii:'.  .iiul  tlir  lir>,l 
for  Illinois  Institut.-  of  Trcliiiolo'^y. 
It  was  furtlicr  iiotaMo  .is  tin-  first 
(■oiniiuiu'iiiuiit  for  stiuliiits  in  tin  co 
opir.-itivc  (iixision  of  tlu'  ilr|i.irtiiu-iit 
of  iiifcli.iiiii;il  cnjiiiHcriiiu-.  .iiui  ;is 
tlu-   first    iiiiilwiiitfr   <-oinnuiictiiitiit. 

'I'lif  hatlitlor's  degree  was  con- 
ferred on  sixtv  nueliaiiieal  eiiiiineers. 
one  .■irehiti-et.  tliree  clieinie.il  eiiiii 
neers.  two  eleetrieal  eni;ineers.  .iiui 
one   fire   (iroteetioii   enjiineer. 

Tile  eouinieiReuKiit  address  was  l>y 
.Mfred  Kautlniann,  President  of  Link 
Helt  Coiiip.-uiy.  Those  of  us  wlio 
h.ne  .ittended  iii;iiiy  uradu.-itioiis  .in 
likely  to  .-iiipro.-ieli  e.ieli  new  one  with 
.■1  feelinj;-  that  it  is  .ill  oee;isioii  of 
major  iinportanee  for  the  youiiii  men 
who  ;ire  reeeiviii";  their  di|)lom.is.  hut 
with  .in  uneasy  feeliiig  tli.it  the  com 
iiieiieenieiit  speaker  will  h.ne  dilfi 
eiilly  in  finding  .something  to  -..ly  th.it 
we  li.ive  not  heard  so  often  ;is  to 
m.ike  it  rather  lacking  in  interest. 
On  the  whole,  we  have  lieen  fortu- 
nate in  this  regard  at  Armour  eoni- 
mencements.  This  ye.ir  we  were  esue- 
ei;illy  fortun.-ite.  Mr.  K;iiifVni.imi  is 
.•in  engineer  .-ind  .in  outst.-inding  in- 
dustri.al  executive.  The  young  men 
to  wlioin  he  spoke  were  ne.-irly  all 
niecli.iiiical  engineers  who  li.id  heen 
for  the  five  years  of  their  eooper.a- 
ti\c  course  in  intim.ite  rel.itioiishi)) 
with  the  |)roduction  .-ispict  of  their 
[irofession.  Mr.  Kautf'm.inn's  address 
was  in  the  nature  of  an  understand 
ing,  friendly  chat  witii  a  grou|)  of 
younger  hrothers,  for  whose  .ahility 
he  had  respect,  and  for  whose  fu 
ti.re  he  had  high  hopes.  His  suhject 
was  Oppartiiiiitiis  for  TrclniiciiU  ii 
Traiiirtl  M ,  ,i  in  llir  l!ii.\iiir\.s  lialllr 
Ahfiul. 

TlIK  I'.Ni.l.NKI-:!!  .\.\l)  .\l.rMM  s  wel 
comes  our  new  groui)  of  alumni.  'I'liey 
li;;ve  earned  their  degrees  by  t!ior 
oiigli,  conscientious  work,  in  .1  ]iro 
gram  dirt'ering  from  tli;it  followed  hy 
our  four-year  graduates  in  det.iils  of 
class  schedules,  hut  idi  iitic.il  with 
the  four  ye.ir  progr.ini  in  sehol.istie 
content    .inil    in    rigor   of   re(]iiircmcnts. 


TAPS  MAKE  CARS 
POSSIBLE- 


Screw  threads  hold  vital  parts  together  —  and 
reliable,  accurate  taps  are  needed  to  cut  the 
screw  threads. 

75  years  of  experience  of  the  largest  small  tool 
manufacturer  in  the  world  are  back  of  every  tap 
which  carries  the  "G.T.D.  Greenfield"  trademark. 
This  experience  has  made  "Greenfield"  small 
tools  the  choice  of  not  only  automobile  manu- 
facturers but  metal  working  plants  of  all  kinds. 

GREENFIELD  TAP  &  DIE  CORPORATION 

GREENFIELD,   MASS. 


t\\\imm 


TAPS    ■    DIES    ■    GAGES    •    TWIST  DRILLS    •    REAMERS    •    SCREW  PLATES    •    PIPE  TOOLS 


To  get  bettei  perform- 
ance and  ionger  service 
from  Brake  Lininq  & 
Clutch  Facings  send 
data  on  your  appiica 
tions  for  the  GATKE 
Prescriotion. 


GATKE  CORPORATION 


222NorthLaSalleSt. 


CHICAGO,  ILL. 


34 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


An  All  Purpose 

Air  Velocity  IVIeter 

Instantaneous  Direct  Reading 


No  longer  Is  it  necessary  tc  use  complicated  Instruments 
and  stop  watches  or  make  slo«,  mathematical  calculations 
to  obtain  accurate  velocity  readings  or  irregular  shaped 
or  slotted  grilles,  velocity  readings  in  ducts,  or  at  inlei 
or   outlet   openings   or   other    air    velocity    measurements. 

Now  you  can  do  all  this  and  more  with  the  "AInor'' 
(Boyle  System)  Velometer.  the  instantaneous  direct  read- 
ing air  velocity  meter,  and  you  can  do  it  accurately, 
conveniently  and  Quickly.  You  can  obtain  static,  or  total 
pressures,  locate  leaks  and  losses,  detect  drafts,  or  deter- 
mine   efficiency   of   fans,    filters,    blowers,   and    other    equrp. 

The     Velometer     gives     instant  air     velocity     readings 

directly    in    feet    per    minute    from  as    low    as    20    F.P.M. 

up  to   Its   maximum    scale   reading.  Ranges   up   to  as   high 
85    18,000    F.P.M.    are   available. 

Write  for  Bulletin  No.  2448-D 

ILLINOIS  TESTING  LABORATORIES,  Inc. 

146   W.    HUBBARD    ST.  CHICAGO.    ILLINOIS 


STEEL  PIPE  for  The  CITY  of  CHICAGO 


This  view  sliows  three  sections  of 
the  welded  steel  pipe  that  was  in- 
stalled over,  and  adjacent  to.  the  new 
snhway  tunnel,  replacing  certain  ex- 
isting  water  mains. 

These  pipe  sections,  made  by  the 
Chica.ao  Bridge  and  Iron  Company, 
are  38  in.  in  diameter  by  20  ft.  long. 
The  lon.qitudinal  and  circumferential 
seams  are  butt-welded  while  the  held 
joints    are    made    with    Dresser    coup- 


lings. The  pipe  was  coated  inside  and 
outside  by  a  special  pipe-coating  ma- 
chine and  it  was  then  wrapped  on  the 
outside  to  form  a  protective  cover- 
ing. 

It  has  been  found  that  steel  pipe, 
because  of  its  superior  strength  and 
ductility,  will  resist  with  adequate 
safety  the  stresses  resulting  from 
shock,   vibration,   settlement,   or  high 


ARMOUR 

RESEARCH 
FOUNDATION 


Founded  to  render  a  re- 
search   and    experimental 
engineering    service    to 
industry 


Thirty-Third,  Federal  &  Dearborn  Sts. 
Victory  6050 


Investigate  N2  000 

—  for  Lower  Milling  Costs 
on   Small  Second  Operation  Work 

•  •  •  Metal  removing  ability, 
riD.c  combined    with    fast    operation, 

U— — I  gives  the  No.  000  Plain  Milling 

Machine  a  distinct  advantage  on 

second  operation  work  in  lower> 

ing  costs. 


Wrife  for  defoi/s 
Brown  &  Sharpe  Mfq. 
Co.,  Provide 


.  R.  I. 


BROWN  &  SHARPE 


March,    1941 


35 


—and  now  another  big 

Annual  Alumni  Banquet 

6:00  P.  M,  Tuesday,  May  27,  1941 
Knickerbocker  Hotel 

/(■(.i    Rait   If'tdlon   Place.   Chicapi 


To  those  who  have  attended  the  annual  alumni  banquet 
in  years  past  will  come  happy  memories  of  the  few  hours 
association  with  classmates,  professors  and  friends  that  the 
occasion  provides. 

Another  alumni  banquet  is  in  the  offinq-  A  better  pro- 
qram,  perhaps?  A  livelier  eveninq,  perhaps?  New  fea- 
tures, perhaps?  But  never  a  better  time  to  aqain  meet  the 
old  qanq  you  qrew  up  with.  Other  than  that  you  will  be 
exposed  to 


1.  A  menu  that  includes  in  rapid 
order:  shrimp  cocktail,  chicken 
broth,  celery  and  olives,  sizzling 
filet  mignon  with  trench  fried 
onions,  fancy  spuds,  new  peas, 
special  salad,  toasted  wafers, 
and,  not  ice  cream,  but  frozen 
trench  pastry  with  coffee.  With 
this  as  a  base,  you  will  be  ready 
to  hear 

2.  A  nationally  prominent 
speaker  who  will  expound  upon 
a  current  topic  along  with  a 
very,  very  short  report  of  the  go- 
ings on  at  the  Institute  and  in  the 
alumni  association.  Mixed  in 
with  all  of  this,  will  be 

3.  The  undergraduate  Glee  Club 


and  the  Institute  Orchestra  to 
bring  you  up-to-date  on  the 
songs  the  current  crop  of  engi- 
neers are  singing.  Then  you  will 
be  surprised  to  learn  that  at  no 
time  during  the  evening  will  you 
be  expected  to  hove  anything 
but  a  good  time.  There  will  be 
no  solicitation  of  funds,  no  col- 
lection of  dues  (unless  you  wish 
to  pay  them),  no  tipping,  for  the 
one  cost  is  two  bucks.  So  while 
this  is  fresh  in  your  mind  send 
your  check,  money  order  or  cold 
cash  for 

4.  Reservations  —  The  Annual 
Banquet  Committee,  Alumni 
Office,  3300  Federal  Street,  Chi- 
cago. 


EUGENE  VOITA,  ARCH.  '25,  Banquet  Chairman 

MAKE  YOUR  RESERVATION  NOW 


36 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNI 


FROM  YEAR  TO  YEAR 

A  RECORD  OF  ARMOUR  ALUMNI 
AROUND  THE  WORLD 


By 
A.  H.  JENS,  '31 


MAN  OF  THE  MONTH 

K;iyniond  Eunone  Ortoii.  a  mciiiber 
of  tlif  class  of  li)2y  ill  the  (iL-partuient 
of  Civil  EngiiKt-riiig,  receives  the 
nomination  for  Man  of  the  Month  of 
the  Armour  Alumni  Association  in  rec- 
ognition of  the  publication  of  his 
series  of  articles.  "Photoelastic  Analy- 
sis in  Commercial  Practice."  pub- 
lished in  Machine  Design.  The  new 
'ideas  and  developments  brought  out 
in  Orton's  five  articles  were  enthusi- 
astically received  by  engineers  and  de- 
signers throughout  America  as  evi- 
denced by  the  large  number  of  reprints 
(requested. 

Machine  Design  gained  the  honor 
jDf  first  award  for  "editorial  achieve- 
jment  in  presenting  the  best  series  or 

! editorials  publislied  (in  this  class  of 
Magazine)  during  the  twelve  months 
ending  July  .31."  1940."  The  award 
was  sjjonsored  by  Industrial  Market- 
ing, and  was  based  on  the  judgment 
)f  a  jury  of  awards  which  included 
eadiiig  engineers,  journalists  and  ad- 
rertising  executives. 

These  articles  indicated  an  effi- 
ient  and  commercially  useful  means 
if  solving  stress  problems  and  cov- 
red  tlie  theory  of  light  and  elastic 
heory  as  it  pertains  to  Jihotoelastie 
malysis.  A  discussion  of  ajijiaratus. 
nodel  making,  calibration  and  opera- 
ion,  interpretation  and  ajjplication 
)f  analysis,  and  a  discussion  of 
rrors,  were  included. 
I  Orton,  for  the  past  two  years,  lias 
leen  Cliief  Engineer.  Tool  Division, 
^cme  Steel  Compain-,  Chicago.  For 
ight   years,  following  graduation  from 

'«4arch,    1941 


.\rmour,  he  was  a  member  of  the  en- 
gineering staff  of  the  Orton  Crane 
and  Shovel  Company,  conducting 
work  in  design,  detailing  and  special 
purchasing  of  cranes,  shovels,  hoists 
and  derricks. 

During  ]!).'J()  and  1937.  he  was 
Special  Steel  Mill  Engineer  for  the 
mainteuance  and  develoi)nunt  of  sjie- 
eial  equipment  at  the  ^\'iseonsin  .Steel 
M'orks,   Chicago. 

In  1937,  Orton  began  work  for  the 
Aeinr  .Steel  Company  in  the  dej)art- 
meiit  for  the  design  ami  develoj)- 
ment  of  hand  tools  for  packaging 
goods  witii  strip  steel  bands.  After 
a  sliort  jieriod  as  an  assistant  engi- 
neer,  lie   was    livomoted   to   the   )lo^ition 


of  Chief  Engineer,  which  position  lie 
holds   today." 

Otlier  technical  |)apers  published 
by  Ortoii  include:  "Graphical  Analy- 
sis of  Sections,"  Machine  Design,  De- 
cember, 1937;  "Stress  Relief  at  Stress 
Concentrations,"  Machine  Design,  Au- 
gust,  194.0. 

In  continuing  his  education,  he  has 
studied  metallography,  and  the  ap- 
plications and  heat  treatment  of  met- 
als. He  is  a  registered  structural 
engineer,  a  member  of  the  American 
.Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers  and 
the    American    Society    for    Metals. 

VOITA    ELECTED    MANAGER 

Eugene  \'oita.  who  has  been  most 
active  in  the  affairs  of  the  Armour 
Alumni  Association,  was  recently  re- 
elected to  the  Board  of  Managers, 
representing  the  Classes  of  1922-2G. 
He  received  the  degree  of  Bachelor 
of  Science  in  Architecture  from 
Armour  Institute  in  192.5  and  fol- 
lowed this  with  specialized  study  at 
I.'Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts,  Fontaine- 
bleau,  France,  in  1929. 

\oita  was  very  much  interested  in 
architectural  competitions  and  won 
the  following  awards :  .$'2,000  first 
I)rize  in  international  architectural 
lompetition  for  a  more  aesthetic  de- 
sign of  a  typical  steel  water  tower. 
1931;  sixth  prize  in  an  international 
competition  sponsored  by  .Standard 
.Sanitary  and  Manufacturing  Com- 
jiany,  Pittsburgh.  Pennsylvania.  1930: 
second  prize  in  the  foreign  travelling 
scholarship  comiietition  of  tlic  Chi- 
cago   .\rehiteetural    Club.    1929. 

He    is    now    iiraetieinff    architecture 


37 


ill  liis  own  (itlici-.  li,i\iiiir  |ii-<\  iously 
hfcn  finployicl  ;i^  an  architr.-tni-al 
dcsiuiii-r  for  Howard  Major  of  N\\v 
York,  tdolidiiv  an,l  Hod-aoii.  flii- 
i-auo,  ami  (  h.st.r  II.  Walcott.  t'lii- 
cajjo. 

(ii-nc's  iioliliii-^  iiu-huic  travrlliiLij: 
and  collirtini;-  work^  of  art  from  flic 
many  i-ountrics  he  lias  \  isitrd.  He 
(ovcrcd  all  parts  of  Kuroju-  anil 
Nortlurn  Africa  in  1  il_'!)-:iO.  Mexico 
and  Yucatan  in  l!).!'.',  and  Hawaii. 
.Iai)an  and  China  in  li):i.5.  Exten- 
sive sketeliinu;  and  a  study  of  living 
conditions  with  considerable  attention 
to  methods  of  construction  were  un- 
di  rtakcn   on   these  joiiruiys. 

Hi  is  ,-1  meniher'of  thc'clitf  Dwell- 
ers, 'rhet.i  Xi  I'raternity.  .Soaral). 
and  the  Theta  Xi  Clul)  o"f  Chicauo. 
He  has  luen  chairman  of  the  .Munnii 
Han(|Uet  arrani;cment  connnittce  tor 
scver.al    years. 

DETROIT  ALUMNI 


Professor  .'.  H.  i'iinicg.in  was  in 
Detroit  early  in  .lanuary,  and  took 
advantapce  of  the  chance  to  meet  some 
of  the  Armour  men  who  live  tliere.  A 
luncheon  meetinj;  was  held  .F.in\i.iry 
fourtii  at  CotTee  Dan's  Old  Madrid 
Restaurant,  a  most  eomfort.ilile  and 
respectable  ))lace  without  any  of  tin 
raffish  features  which  the  n.ame  <d' 
the   ))roprietor  mijilit   suiTirist. 

Thirtv-scven  .\  r  m  o  u  r  men  at- 
tended." Harold  S.  KUiniiton.  'OS. 
presided,  and  discussed  the  rapid 
frrowth  and  excellent  (irospects  of 
the  Institute,  announeini;  that  imi)or- 
tant  developments  would  he  made 
l)uhlie  within  a  few  days.  Mr.  El- 
lington, an  enerjretic  member  of  our 
Board     of     Trustees,     exjircsscd     his 


38 


hope  th.it  the  Detroit  alumni  would 
lorm  .1  |nrm.iiient  or^.iniz.it  ion.  .\ 
list  of  .\rmour  nun  in  Detroit  .-iiid 
n,  iuhl.oriiin-  cities  has  l.eeii  sent  to 
Mr.  i:ilin-ton.  to  E.  H.  Hubb.dl.  --'(i, 
.,Tid  to  .!.  15.  I  innejran,  .(r..  '-i^.  to 
,iid  III  m.-ikiiii:  pl.ms  for  the  oricaiiiza- 
tioii. 

.\t  the  luiielieon.  I'rofessor  Eiiim- 
•j.:i\i  deserilied  jiri-sent  conditions  .at 
the  Institute,  diseussinj;  tile  Lewis 
meriicr.  tin'  three  cooperative  courses. 
the  Enirineerini;  Defense  Tr.iiniii;;- 
jirogr.am.  the  increased  .attention  to 
student  |iersonnel  |)roblcms.  th<-  r.-ijiid 
growth  of  the  eveniiiii  division  .and 
the  graduate'  divisiim.  the  Research 
I'ouiidation.  .iml  the  general  atinos- 
jihcrc  of  coiitideiice  and  energy  ap- 
jLirent    throughout   the    school. 

Those  present  at  the  meeting  were 
as  follows:  Ahern.  .T.  .T..  E.P.E.  •.!.-.: 
Alber.  L.  Dean.  E.P.E.  L't) ;  Areiids. 
E.  W..  E.P.E.  ■;?-';  Arends,  John  .1.. 
E.P.E.  -.iJ;  Berg.  Melvin  C.  F.P.E. 
■.!():  Brav.  Don  R..  F.P.E.  '30: 
(  ii.indlcr."  C.  .S..  E.P.E.  'l'S:  Cl.irk. 
.(.  r..  E.P.E.  'l-'S;  Corliss.  (Ico.  \\'.. 
E.P.E.  '27:  Cottington.  Nason.  E.P. 
E.  '2S:  Dunbar,  c".  W..  E.P.E.  ■;is : 
Ellinuton.   H.irold    .^..   C.E.    'OS. 

Einnesian.  .Ir..  .1.  B..  E.P.E.  '.iJ : 
deislcr.'  R.  .1..  C.E.  'IJ:  (Hover.  .1. 
X..  ('h.E.  '-'"i;  Henrv.  .Jr..  Arthur 
W..  E.P.E.  'lis:  Hirt'.  W".  A..  E.l'.. 
07:  Hubbell.  E.  R..  E.P.E.  -26:  .len- 
seii.  Rov  p..  M.E.  'u'.i;  Kcsselring.  P. 
H..  F.P.E.  '.il :  Kittler.  M.  .1..  M.E. 
'2i);  Koch.  Albert  N..  M.E.  'If: 
Lukas.  .\I.  A..  I'.P.I'..  '-if:  McK.ira 
h.in.  E.  \'..  E.P.E.  ■()!>:  M.igiiire.  H. 
r...   E.P.E.   '17. 

.Miller.  Leo  B..  E.P.E.  'l'S:  Nel- 
son. ('.  A..  E.P.E.  '.Ci:  Paul.  Don  .1.. 
I'.P.E.  ':>():  ReiHer.  .1.  .1..  E.P.E.  '-'.S: 

.sademali.  Elmer  E..  E.P.E.  ':!.■!: 
.Siiu'thells.  '\V.  T..  E.P.E.  ':!••!;  .'^Iiur. 
1).  C;  .Swinson.  H.  A.:  \'.inder]ioor- 
ten.  S.  A..  F.P.E.  ':{;!:  Wittiim.  B. 
A..    F.P.E.    '29;    Wolf,    A.    M.,    E.E. 

CINCINNATI   ALUMNI 

Professor  Einncg.in  visited  Cincin- 
nati .l.iiiii.ary  fourteenth  to  .address  ;i 
cl.iss  ill  tire  insiir.ince  coiidiieted  by 
W.ilter  H.  .Mex.iiider.  E.P.E.  ■■J7.  in 
the  evening  division  of  the  lni\er- 
sitv  of  Ciiicinn.'iti.  Regular  enroll- 
iiH-iit  in  the  cl.ass  is  thirty,  but  this 
lecture,  the  List  one  of  the  seiiiest.  r. 
w;is  speci.ally  .■innoiiiiced  to  insiir.ince 
men  and  the  attendance  w.as  .iboiit 
one  luiiidred.  iiicludiiig  scM-r.il  .\r 
mour   men. 

On  .January  fifteenth.  Prof.ssor 
Einncg.in  met  nine  of  our  alumni  at 
hincheoii  ,it  the  Netherl.iiids  I'l.i/a 
Hotel. 


'W 


h 


TEST  PILOT  DIES 


Lieutenant  P.iul  1..  d.  Moore,  ai 
outstanding  graduate  of  the  Civil  En 
iiineeriiig  Department  with  the  Clas 
of  l!i:i7  was  instantly  killed  whci 
the  speedy  Airacobra  P-:i!)  pursuil 
plani-  he  was  iiiloting  crashccl  fron 
1000  feet  on  December  22.  l'.»H).  H 
was  detaihd  to  Patterson  Field,  Day 
ton.  Ohio,  to  test  this  type  of  pl.ii 
The  accident  occurred  at  the  T;i 
lorsville  dam  which  is  near  the  fiyini 
field. 

Paul  Moore,  an  atfable  ehar.icti 
to  all  who  knew  him.  w.is  an  .ithletj 
of  high  caliber  in  .addition  to  b 
a  scholar.  He  captained  the  .\rmou 
Boxing  Team  in  l!»:i7  and  gave  a 
exiellcnt  account  of  himself  in  th 
(ioldcn  Oloves  bouts  that  year.  Hi 
scholarship  ranked  him  with  the  to 
men  in  his  class  and  lie  was 
warded  with  membership  in  Tau  Bet 
Pi.  He  took  an  active  interest  i 
school  afiairs  and  was  always  read 
to  lend  a  hand  to  a  classmate. 

After  graduation  in  1937  he  sper 
a  short  time  with  the  United  State 
(lypsum  Company  and  later  becani 
a  flying  cadet  in  the  U.  .S.  Army  Ai 
Corps  at  Randolph  Field.  Texas.  H 
w.is  gr.idu.ited  in  Febru.iry.  1939,  n 
the  highest  ranking  cadet.  In  tht 
same  month  he  was  married  to  Mis 
M.ary    Eange   of   AVicliita.   Kansas. 

I.ieuteiiant  Moore  w.is  .assigned  t 
.*^elfridge  Field.  Michigan,  and  w.i 
stationed  at  P.itterson  Field  to  te; 
f.ist  army  jil.incs.  This  assignmei 
came  because  air  corps  officials 
!i.irded  .Moore  as  an  outstanding  l)ilo 
He  had  always  been  ;in  avi.ition  ei 
thusiast  and  considered  .irniy  flyin 
a  job  he  had  to  do.  He  did  not  fc 
that  his  endnrancetesting  of  liigl 
spi-cd  ]il.ancs  was  .-i  h.az.-irdous  nude 
t.aking. 

ARMOUR   ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNU 


Reports  of  the  accident  indicate 
iat  while  he  was  travelling  at  a  higli 
peed  a  piece  flew  off  the  wing  tip 
nd  liit  the  plane's  stabilizer.  The 
lane  fell  immediately  from  an  alti- 
ude  of  1.000  feet  after  a  snap-over 
oil. 

Funeral  arrangements  were  com- 
ileted  in  Wichita,  Kansas,  where  the 
aniilv   home   was    located. 


MISSING   MEN' 

At  the  end  of  the  Alumni 
Xotes  for  each  class  in  this  is- 
sue of  The  AlRmour  Exgixeeu 
AND  Alumnus  is  shown  a  list 
of  names  for  which  tlie  Alumni 
Office  has  no  record  of  business 
or  home  address.  If  you  know 
the  whereabouts  of  any  of  these 
men  please  send  any  informa- 
tion you  may  have  to  the 
Alumni  Office,  .3300  Federal 
Street,   Chicasco,    Illinois. 


1897 

AViiEF.i.ER.  John-  Joxks.  M.E.,  who  is 
etired,  is  residinfr  at  8.57  E.  116th  Place, 
[OS  .\ngeles,  Cal.  He  writes  that  he  is 
ut  in  California  takinL'  the  sun  cure, 
i-ying  to  fret  the  kinks  out  of  his  writinfr 
land. 

I  .MLS.SIXG  .MKX 

,  S.\LAMsox,   Max. 

[  1898 

'  MISSING  .MEN' 

I  Weixsiii:i.-vii;r.  Warrex    F. 

1899 

Shvrart.  Bexedict.  M.E.,  passed  away 
\  San  Diejro,  California,  on  September  .3(1, 
940.  ^Vhi]e  in  the  hospital  a  freijuent 
isitor  was  .Mr.  Shubarfs  old  Mathematics 
rofessor  at  .\rmour.  Dr.  .Vlderson.  He 
as  a  partner  in  the  firm,  .Sehubart  & 
ehloss,  speciallzinfr  in  machinery  and 
umping-  equipment  with  offices  in  Denver, 
olorado. 

MISSING  MEN 

nE   RiMAXoczv,   Beta 

Morse,  Cihrles  Scmxer 

1900 

H.\YDEx,  George  Fowi.er.  E.E.,  who  is 
cretary  of  the  Continental  Insurance 
ompany,  80  Maiden  I.ane,  New  York 
ty,  N.  Y.,  is  now  residing  at  57  I'nion 
reet,    Montelair,    New    .Tersiv. 

MISSING  MEN  ' 
Fischer.  Ch-uiij:s  Hexrv 
Grait,  Herman-  Walter 
Martix.   Robert   Cioioiiax 

McElDOWXEV.      HaROIII     BATCHEinEU 
TorSLEY.    tloHX     IIlNUV 

1901 

MISSING    .MEN 
Ahxold.   Mark   H. 
Baker,   Earl  Heau 
Cohex,  Louis 
Parker,  Johx'  Hex-ry 

1902 

MISSING  MEN 
Bairu.   -Maxley   F. 
Hahwooh.  FanvARn  Thomas 
Miller,  Ivax*  D. 


ScHEiDLER,  Oscar 
\Vall.\ce,   Ernest   Leroy 
Week,  Joh.v  Elmer 

1903 

Strjckler,  John'  Frax-kli.v,  M.E.,  wlio 
is  Secreti-y  of  the  Jam  Handy  Picture 
Service,  Inc.,  2900  E.  Cirand  .\ve.,  Detroit, 
Michigan,  has  recently  moved  to  ()7  Eason 
.\ve.,  Highland  Park,  Michigan. 
MISSING  MEN 

Babcock,    Fred    Ripley- 

Kaempfer,  Albert 

QuiEX",  Erx-est  Louis 

Steve  xs,   Gr-\ftox- 

Stiulsox,  Howard   George 

Weisskopf,  M.a.l'hice  Joseph 

1904 

Frary,  Dox-  Re.\d,  E.E.,  is  now  In 
the  Marine  Insurance  Dept.  of  Forrest  I,. 
Haines,  16.57  Washington  Ave.,  Miami 
l?each,  Fla.,  and  Is  residing  at  216.5  S.  W. 
loth  St.,  Miami,  Fla. 

MISSING  MEN 

KxAPP,  Morris  J.^sox 

Xy3iax-,  Mel-\xcthox-  Rees 

AV.\LLACE,  Johx-  Fixulay 

1905 

MISSING  MEN 
Ash,   Howard  Joseph 
Beamer,  Burtox-  Evaxs 
McLexx-ax",   Hugh 
Steji,  LeVere  H. 
Thompsox-,  Johx-  Khixg 
Tyler.  Alv.x.  Warrex' 
Wright.  MEL^-ILI.E  Edwix' 

1906 
35th  Year  Reunion 

Under  a  Rixy-Ray-Rah-RIx ! !  Armour 
Tech-Nought  Si.x!!  screaming  headline 
announcement  comes  news  that  this  class 
jilans  to  make  the  Alumni  Banquet  on 
May  27,  19+1,  the  greatest  reunion  they 
have  ever  staged.  The  arrangement  com- 
mittee Is  lieaded  by  co-chairmen  Max 
Woldenberg  and  David  Moreton.  .\ssist- 
ing  in  the  preparations  are  the  following: 
Charley  Baker,  AValt  I.einlnger,  Boli 
I. aver.  Gene  Hiller,  Frank  Wanner,  Joel 
Smith,  Phil  Harrington,  .Joel  Wilson  and 
O.  T.  Allen.  Queries  may  be  directed  to 
the  committee  at  1-59  W.  Klnzle  Street. 
Chicago,   Illinois. 

Samuel  Kleix".  C.E.,  was  instantly 
killed  when  he  fell  from  a  corridor  win- 
dow of  the  16th  floor  of  the  Tower  Build- 
ing in  Chicago,  on  December  6,  1940.  Mr. 
Klein  had  Ijeen  in  ill  health  for  the  past 
two  years.  He  was  a  prominent  consult- 
ing engineer.  He  Is  survived  liy  his 
widow,  a  son,  and  a  daughter. 
MISSING  MEN 

Brejier.  Harry  A. 

Cutler.   Edward  Warxer 

Edsox-.  Normax  L. 

Morrisox-.   Ralph   D. 

Reed,   Oliver   Roy 

Scott.   Patrick  .Tohx- 

1907 

MISSING   MEN 
Badger,  Leroy   H. 
Heixsex'.  George  Martix" 

Kn.CKiRE.     Cl.^\REXCE     E.XRLE 

Praue.   Edmuxd   .Vddisox' 
.schermeriiorx.   william   e. 
TcRXBULL.   Ira  James 
Wheeler.   Harry  McIxt\re 
YouxG.   Lertox'   Burdell 

1908 

WiLSEY.  Grover  H.,  C.E.,  who  is  thiet 
Engineer,  F'olev  Brothers,  Inc.,  Ple.Tsant- 
Nille,  111.,  has  m.ived  t.>  16  EUlrid^e  .\ve., 
Ossinin;.',    N.   Y. 


MISSING  MEN 
Cahax",  J.^mes 
CoLiixs,   Fbaxk  C-\MPBELL 

CORXWELL,    .\uGUSTUS    BoOKER 
FOOFBOURROW,   JoSEPH    DaVID 
MOREY,    ClIVE    RlORDAX- 
SOUTHEE,    SiDXEY    .\lX;ERXOX 

Stabix",   Louis   Duaxe 

1909 

FaisBiE,  Hexry  Charles.  C.E.,  who  is 
in  business  for  himself  at  2138  E.  5.5th 
St.,  Los  Angeles,  Calif.,  has  recently 
changed  his  address  to  100  Via  Trieste, 
Newport   Beach,   Calif. 

YouxGBERG,  Harry  W.,  C.E.,  wlio  is 
with  the  Robins  Conveving  Belt  Co., 
Passaic,  N.  J.,  has  moved"  to  .304  Hillside 
Ave.,  Nutley,  N.  J. 

MISSING   MEN 

-\herx',  Johx'  F. 

Perrix'e,  .\rthur  a.  R. 

SopER,  Ellis  Clarke 

V.^CEK,    VixcEX-r    Fraxk 

1910 

Eliel,  Robert  G.,  C.E.,  who  resides  at 
1001  N.  JIain  St.,  Rockford,  Illinois,  has 
l)een  incapacitated  since  1937  when  his 
eyesight  was  destroyed  because  of  an 
operation  for  the  removal  of  a  brain 
tumor.  Members  of  the  Class  of  1910  are 
urged  to  write  to  Mr.  Eliel  and  possibly 
renew  old  acquaintanceships.  He  was 
associated  with  the  Bradley  Machinery 
Co.   in   Rockford. 

McCuxE.  SA.MUEL  W.,  E.E.,  who  is  a 
Departmental  Engineer  in  the  Organic 
Chemicals  Dept.,  E.  I.  duPont  de  Ne- 
mours, Wilmington,  Del.,  Is  residing  at 
1404  North  Bancroft  Pkwv.,  Wilmington, 
Del. 

MISSING  MEN 

Crocker,   .Albert   Hexry.  .Ir. 

Gextry.   Taxdy   Exock 

I.EAVELL,  Richard  .\. 

MacEwixg.  Eigexe  Duxcax- 

Pe-irce.  Roswell  Phelps 

Thomas.   William   Enw.utD 

Williams.   Duvall 

YouXG,    DOX-ALD    .\uGUST 

1911 

Cleaver.  T.  G.,  C.E.,  who  is  Sales  Engi- 
neer for  Carnegie-Illinois  Steel  Corp.,  208 
So.  LaSalle  St.,  Chicago,  has  recently 
changed  his  address  to  423  Kedzie  St., 
Evanston,   111. 

Emix.  Gersox  Herbert.  C.E.,  who  is 
now-  in  business  for  himself  as  Sales  Engi- 
neer, 616  S.  Michigan  .\ve.,  Chicago, 
rejiresents  some  of  the  outstanding  mills 
in  the  country.  He  has  recently  changed 
his  address  to  2918  Pine  Grove  .\venue, 
Chicago. 

Tobias.  Wh.hied  R.,  C.E.,  passed  away 
at  his  home  in  Ins  .\ngeles,  California,  on 
Christmas  Day  of  a  heart  attack.  He 
was  a  prominent  roofing  contractor  In  the 
Los  Angeles  and  Hollywood  area. 
MISSING  MEN 

D.v   SiLVA.  Ci-\udio  Jose 

De  T.xr,  De   Los 

DoERixG.  Robert  Carl 

Gr.\y.   R.  Leoxard 

GRiiTrnis.    Fraxcis    Herbert 

Peteibox-e.  Gehrv  D. 

8.\LO>iox',  Meyer  .Ioshiw 

Schmidt,   Emil   J. 

Sciii'LTZ.  Wn.MAM   Enw  \Ku 

1912 

Clark,  Roxald,  C.E.,  who  is  Regional 
Director  for  Euro]>e  &  Canada  for  the 
Lnlted  States  Steel  Export  Co.,  3o 
Church  St.,  New  York  City,  is  residing  at 
3.'^    B(uilder   Trail,   Bronxville,   New   York. 


larch,    1941 


39 


MISS  INC   MI'S 
Bi.i:kbai"3i.  Ah'miik  .In, its 

C'tRKKX,    KaRI,    L'lSI.IK 
K.NOSHITA,    TllYOZO 
HaZKX,     FkH)    CicORGK 

Marsh,  C'ikohgk  Kvi.rktt 
SwA-Nsox,  Wii.i.iAji   Hoiimr 
TiHi-KV.    EvKRKrr   W'ami: 
"liisiiiiiA.    Hknhv    T. 

1913 

l(PKiu:s,  lliiWARi)  p..  Arch.,  wlu)  is  Spe- 
lial  AL'int  fur  liusunincc  t'onipanv  of 
North  Aim-rica,  K)  l?roail  St.,  ISoston, 
Mass.,  has  recently  moved  to  1.5.5K  Mass. 
Ave.,  Camhridfre,  -Slass. 

llr.TZj.i.R,  .1.  K.,  M.E.,  who  is  in  Imsincss 
for  himself  .as  Commercial  Photofrrapher 
at  188  Pipestone  St.,  Benton  Harbor, 
-Mich.,  is  now  residinjr  at  H.  R.  No.  .i. 
llifrnian   Park,   Henton    Harbor,   Michigan. 

I,AR.sox,  Ci.iFFORn  M.,  .M.E.,  who  is  Chief 
(  onMiltinir  Engineer,  .Sinclair  Hefiiiinir 
Co.,  Il:i0  Eifth  .\ve..  New  York  City,  has 
n-centlv  liuilt  a  ntw  home  at  .").">  Tavmil 
ltd.,   N".  Y.  C  N".  Y. 

HoTiiWKi.i.,    HiiiiAHn    I'oss.   C.E..    is   now 
ri'tired    from    business    ami    resides    at    fl'T 
S.   Euclid   .Vvenue,   Princeton,   III. 
MISSING  MEN 

■\rv,  Walter   B. 

Haxgs.  Frederick  Theodore 

Crow.    Raij>h   Miller 

FlH.VY,    COXNELL    JoSEPH 

Carrison,    Carl   William 
I. ILL,   Arthur   Carl 
.Moore,   Foxtexelle   I  ogax 
.Mrxx,  William  Kihk 
Scii.MiEMAX,  Oscar  X.  George 
Stax-ley.  Harry  Cadet 
Walix,    Hi:bbi:rt   .S. 

1914 

Heritage.  Clark  C  ..  Ch.E.,  who  i^ 
Technical  Director  of  the  Wood  Conver 
^ion  Company,  Clixjuet,  .Mimiesota,  niM\ 
be  reached  at  Box  I-iii.  Clor|uet.  Minne- 
sota. 

Shaxe,  .Tames   Lynch.   .\rcb..   who   con- 
ducts    architectural     business,     residi-^     at 
l"!>    CottaL'e    Hill,    Elmhurst. 
-MISSING   MEN 

.\iER,  Philip  Fextox- 

Harr,   .\llex-   Westgate 

CooLEY".  Gilbert   Staxley 

Case,    Harry"   Lewis 

Kaxx,  William   II. 

KijAwsKi,   Edward   .Sta.vislais 

Roberts,   W,   F. 

Schmidt,  Cl-\rexce  George 

.ScHOEMBS,     .^RTIIIR     FraXK 

Se.merak,  .\i.kred  W, 
.Sevix,  Ir\txg  Maxdel 
Wright,   .Joseph   Charles 

1915 

Hook,  I.eonuui  I)..  C.l',..  who  is  As- 
sociate C.Mistruetion  En^dneer,  Public 
Works  Depl.,  I'.  S.  Navy.  Naval  Air 
Kase,  Corpus  Christi,  'I'ex.as.  is  now  ri- 
sidiuL'  at  iSM  Florida.  Corpus  Chri-li, 
Texas,  He  is  in  charge  of  construction 
work  .Ml  outlying  field  P-2.  estimated  cost 
of  which  is  .S^i.OOO.rHMl.  Total  jiroject  cov- 
ers .Main  Field,  P-1,  P-2  and  P-;i,  and 
.acreage  is  Ki.iO.  Total  estimated  cost  is 
.*2H,0()(I,I)()(1. 

.Strain-,  II.vhry  A.,  Ch.E..  was  recenlh 
Jironioted  to  the  iiositimi  of  Director  of 
raw  materials,  fuel  and  power  for  the 
Carnegie  -  Illinois  Steel  C<irporation  ,irul 
was  transferred  to  the  Pittsburgh  Otlic.-. 
His  residence  until  his  f.amilv  moves  from 
Chicago  in  .June,  will  be  the  William  IV. m 
Hotel,    Pittsburgli,    I'emisylvania. 

SlI.LlVAN.  TllO.MAS  FUAXCIS.  E.F... 

passed   away   in   March.   l!l»l)  accordiiiL'  to 
infoniLition    received   from    Monroe.   Mich. 


-MISSING   .MEN 
(ii.EAsox,   Charles   K. 

HiROSE,      YoSHISAKEE 

.loHxsox,  Victor  Emaxlel 
KiEXE,  Theodore  Johx 
-Ma.m.mes.  Harry  .\xtiioxv 

-MlECZKOWSKI.    TadEXSZ 
Pri.sIIEH,     II.VRRIE     HHllMi.MA.V 

P.VRBorr,   Ray-.moxd   Din.mohe 
P.vi'ERso-N.  William    H. 
Shakier.   .Syuxey 
Stark.  .Andrew   (ioRno.x 
Wagner,   Fred   Harry 
Wong.  .1 1     Kwcm 

1916 

AhhVMS.  .SvMlEL  Neai,  E.F...  wlio  is 
Pulilisher  of  the  .\merican  Trade  Mag.i- 
ziiies.  Inc.,  is  now  residing  at  the  .Surf 
lotel,  .501  Surf  Street,  Chicago.  He  has 
ivo  daughters  attending  college,  one  at 
olorado  College  and  the  other  at  Frances 
Shinier  Junior  College. 

FixcK,  SiDXEY-  CoHi.vNi).  .\ rcli.,  lias  re- 
cently changed  his  address  to  TOUT  (1g- 
Icsby"  Ave.,  Chicago. 

MISSING  -MEN 
Ada.ms.  Hobirt  Sm\th 
Aphi.bach.   Henry  .Tiihs 
.\rmacost,    \\  ilhi  h    H. 
Bland.   Henry 


Hkoman,  Johx  (jistav 
Fames,  Emeeson    Rexioru 
Harris,   H.vrby   S. 
McHlgh.  Lawrence  Joii.n 

-MiLIJJR.    .loSEPH     V. 

O'Dea.   Thom<s    .\I. 
Vol/.  Wulmm    Hikman 

1917 

.V-NDRE-N.  Oioi  Erik  Hjalmer,  C.F.. 
has  recently  changed  his  address  to  2.ili 
Peoria   -Vvenue.   Peoria,   III. 

I.irTGE,  Haroiji,  -M.F..,  who  is  Mechan 
ical  Engineer.  War  Dept..  St.  Ix)uis  Or 
dnance  District.  12th  &  .Market  St.,  St 
Louis.  .Mo.,  is  residing  at  8760  Rankin 
Brentwood.   -Mo. 

Pedersen.  .Vrthir   -\ksel,  C.E,,  who   i- 
Engineer.   Oscar   Daniels    Co..   1.35   S.   La 
S.alle  .St..  Chicago,  has  changed  his  addrev 
to  Route  2.   Box  :527.  Tampa,  Fla. 
-MISSING   MEN 

Cooper,  Earl  Cortlaxd 

Haines,  Edw.\rd  Wilkred 

Kexdall,  Sydney-  Wilmeh 

King,  Latrence  -Xi.bebt 

Morse,  Ralph   I.incolx- 

PrOCHA/KA.    R(IH)IP1I    Vexci.e 
TlRXER.    .loHN     WllI.IAJI 

Vesely.  Wh  1 1  \M  .T. 


CLASSIFIED    ADVERTISEMENTS 


Bearing    Service 


BUICK-CADILLAC 

Sales  and  Sen-ice 

FRED   C.   DIERKING 

Class   of    1912 

3860  Ogden  Avenue 
Chicago,    Illinois 

Crawford   4100 


BORG  &  BECK 

DIVISION  OF  BORG-WARNER  CORP. 

Manufacturers 

of 

Automotive  Clutches 

6558  S.  Menard  Ave.     Chicago,  III. 


General  purpose  bronze  bush- 
ings— Special  bushings,  plain 
or  babbitt  lined,  to  your  blue 
prints — Bronze  cored  and  solid 
bars — Laminated  shim  sheets — 
Bearings  rebabbitted. 

FEDERAL-MOGUL  SERVICE 

lictory   2488  Calumet   4213 

1923  S.   Calumet  Ave., 

Chicago,  111. 
H.   C.   SKINNER,   M.E.'IS 


Building   Supplies 


DEAL     WITH 

OUR 

ADVERTISERS 


LUMBER 

for 

Industrial  Purposes 

WHOLESALE  OR  RETAIL 

• 

SCHENK  LBR.  CO. 

660!   So.  Central  Ave. 
Hem.  3300 

"The  Only  Yard  in  the  Clearing  Di»t." 


40 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUI 


1918 

MuRKisoN,  John  W.,  F.P.E.,  who  is 
lesident  Engineer,  Curtis  Lighting,  Inc.. 
Dl  Keith  Bldg.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  is  ra- 
iding at  2558  Madison  Road.  Cincinnati, 
ihio. 

MISSING  MEN" 

Andre,  Guy  Lawrknck 

Durham,  Edward  .Tajiks 

Ehickson,   Raymond   Andhkw 

Kfrr,  Volxey  Applebee 

^'oGDEs,  Francis  Brooke 

1919 

Muesse,  Howard  S.,  Arcli.,  is  in  tlie 
ichitcctural  business  at  710  American 
lldg.,  Cincinnati,  O. 

Tr.\sk,  Frederic  Allan,  F.P.E.,  who  is 
n  Engineer  for  the  Oil  Insurance  As- 
iciation,  175  W.  Jackson  Blvd.,  Chicago, 
as  recently  moved  to  1570  Oak  Street, 
U'anston,   Illinois. 

MISSING  MEN 

BoETTER,     CaEL     I.OUIS 

CowLES,    Fr.\nk   Spencer 

Dady,  William   Eugene 

Geijjmeier,   Henry'   Frederick 

Gold.  Carl  Lewis 

Si  iiiMEK,  Alfred   Fisher 

Si  n  iscALL,  Clyde 

Wallace,   Maurice   Roy 

1920 

Hall,  Thomas  Wixslow,  M.E.,  who  is 
issistant  Advertising  Manager  for  the 
arborundum  Company,  Niagara  Falls, 
f.  Y.,  has  recently  moved  to  East  River 
toad.  Grand  Island,  N.  Y. 
MISSING  MEN 

Bloo3Iberg,  Sheldon 

Fainstein,  Morris 

O'Connor,    William    Joseph 

Podolsky-,  David  Henry 

PoPKiN.  Jacob 

Sabiston,   Kenneth    M. 

Schwartz.  Fr.\nk  H. 

Smely",  James 

Wong,  Yuk  Man 

1921 

Naiman,  Julius  M..  M.E.,  who  is  the 
wner  of  Julius  M.  Naiman  Co.,  Consult- 
ig  Engineers,  600  S.  Michigan  Ave.,  Chi- 
ago,  has  recently  changed  his  address  to 
02!)   N.  St.  Louis,  Chicago. 

WAi.rER,  Charles  Tayixjr,  M.E.,  who  is 
)evel(ipment  Engineer  in  charge  of 
'.quipment,  Development  Department, 
■wift  &  Co.,  U.  S.  Yards,  Chicago,  has 
liaiiged  his  address  to  6700  Crandon  Ave., 
'hicML'o. 

MISSING  MEN 

Amu^rson,  Fred  B.  A. 

Aii'i  i.BAUM.   Abraham 

HruDM,  Louis  Simeon 

HmiwDE,  Aaron  M. 

HiMON.    Henry    M. 

Kai'i.on,  Hilton 

Ml  NDT,  Edward 

MiHiMOTO,  David  K. 

I'll  IKE,    Wn,LTAM    WesTRUP 

If  run.   Eugene   Bernard 

/.ATIROBSKY-,    GeORGE    .ToSEPH 

I  1922 

May,  Maxwell  F.,  M.E..  is  Vice  Prcsi- 
!ent.  Catalog  Products  Division.  Young 
iiadi.itor  Co..  Racine.  Wisconsin.  He  is 
till  residinsr  in  Palos  Park.  111. 

MuTiELs.  Thomas.  C.E.,  who  is  Struc- 
iiral  Engineer  for  the  City  of  Chicago. 
i:is  recently  moved  to  2005  Pearl  St.. 
"raiiklin  Park.  111.  He  is  attending  Illi- 
Hiis    Tech    nights    for    his     M.S.    Degrc<-. 

his   i^   his  third  year  of  night  school. 

TiiowiiHiDGE.  Walter  S..  M.E..  who  is 
'icntary  of  the  Bemis  Manufacturing  C<i. 
'■■  Slii-lioygan  Falls.  Wisconsin,  is  fortnn- 
tc  survivor  of  an  accident  which  oceured 
n  l!i:!S.  With  two  other  men  he  was 
ra|i)iid  in  a  dust  bin  while  attempting  to 
xtiiiL'ui>h    a    fire    that    had    cained    little 


AMERICA'S  STURDIEST   BABBITT  METAL  TAPES 


^/-AZY  "MICHIGAN"  CHAIN  TAPES 


The  extra  tough  steel  lines  are  white  metal 
coated  and  markings  are  deeply  stamped 
into  Babbitt  Metal.  You  can't  beat  them 
for  dependabiUty  and  durability. 

WRITE  FOR  FREE  CATALOG 


me fUFKiM PUL£  Cq- 

SAGINAW.  MICHIGAN 


WINDSOR,  ONT. 


TAPES -RULES -PRECISION   TOOLS 


SERVING     CHICAGO'S     LEAD- 
ING   ARCHITECTS   SINCE    1892 

S.N.  NIELSEN 
COMPANY 


BUILDING 
CONSTRUCTION 


3059     AUGUSTA     BOULEVARD 
CHICAGO  -  ILLINOIS 

Soren   N.   Nielsen.   President 
Elker   R.   Nielsen,   '16,   V.-Pres.   &  Treas. 


Compliments  of 

MIDWAY  CIGAR 
FACTORY 

WHOLESALE 

CIGARS,     CIGAREHES,     TOBACCOS, 
CANDIES,   GLOVES  AND   SUNDRIES 


233  West  63rd  Street 

(2488 

Phones:  Englewood  <  2489 

(.2266 


Compliments 
PIONEER  CANDY  CO. 

WholegaU   Coniectioneri 


CIGARS  —  CIGARETTES 

and 

FOUNTAIN   SUPPLIES 


3211  Ogden  Ave. 


Chicago 


Candles   and    Cigars 


Chen 


D.  D.  PRODUCTS  CORP. 

Makers  of  "Tangy-Rich" 
Chocolate  Products 

II 24  W.  59th  Street 
Wentworth    4441 


WALTER  H.  FLOOD  &  CO. 

CHEMICAL    ENGINEERS 

INSPECTION    AND    TESTING     OF    MATERIALS 

AND   STRUCTURES 

CONCRETE    CORE    CUTTING    IN 

WALLS,    CEILINGS.     FLOORS,     PAVEMENTS. 

COLUMNS.    FOUNDATIONS,    ETC. 

822    E.    42nd    St.,    Chicago 
Telephones:   ATLartic  0011,  001!,   0ni3 


:March,    1941 


41 


headway.  One  of  the  men  perished  as  the 
fire  got  out  of  control  hut  Trowbriil^'e 
who  was  afire  at  the  time  thouglit  to 
jump  into  an  adjoining  hin.  lie  was  on 
the  verge  of  life  and  deatli  for  some  time 
and  after  nine  months  in  the  liosiiifal 
was  released.  Exeejit  for  sears  there  is 
little  to  remind  him  of  his  liarrowinp  ex- 
|)erienec.  His  chief  interests  are  liis  wife, 
three  hoys,  and  boating  on  Wisconsin's 
rivers  in  the  Summer  time. 
MISSING  MKN 

HiSSEL,   AVOODBRIDGK 
ElKRD.tM,    ElJlER   CONBAB 
ElSEXSTlES,     S.VMIEL 

Eri_\n'dsox,  Nei.s   Hahoiii 
t'lASiBAi.,  John  J. 
CIeorcevick,  Ei.i.vs 
Hermax,  Boris  Soeomox 
Masox,  Elmeb  Habtels 

McCoRMACK,     WiLMAM    .loSEI'lI 

I'aoie,   Walter   Wiu.iam 

.SlI.VERBEBO,    S. 

N'aai.er.  John  Christian   F.. 

1923 

lil.AlK,    Geobge    ("iUAHAM.     F.P.F...    wllll     is 

an  Engineer  for  Johnson  &  lliggins.  lit 
Wall  St.,  New  York  City,  has  changed  his 
address  to  1G710  Croclicran  Avciuie. 
Flushing,  I..  I.,  N.  Y.  Me  re|)orts  that 
on  tours  of  inspection,  he  travels  from 
.Maine  to  Florida  and  Wvoininir  to  New 
Mexico. 

1  KINK.  Chari.es   S.,  C.F,..  is   PiireliasinL' 
.\L'ent    for    the    Dow    Chemical    Co..    free- 


Concrete    BreaVinq 


Phone:    Normal  0900 
WANTED:  A  HARD  lOB! 

Chicago  Concrete  Breaking 
Company 

BLASTING  EXPERTS 

WITH    A    NATION    WIDE    REPUTATION 

Removal  of 

MACHINERY    FOUNDATIONS— ROCK 

SALAMANDERS  — SLAG   DEPOSITS  — 

CONCRETE  STACKS  — VAULTS-ETC. 


•     •     • 


G247  Indiana  Ave.      Chicago,  El. 


Consulting    Engine 


INDUSTRIAL  FURNACES 

For  All  Purposes 

i  Natural  Gai  \ 

r^   11. «.       7  Coke    Oven  Gai   t       *,    c..„ 

10   Uit:      Soil  i      "*   '^® 

'  Producer  Ga.         ' 

FLINN   &   DREFFEIN   COMPANY 

308   West  Wajhington   Street 

Chicago,    Illinois 


E.  H.  MARHOEFER,  JR.  CO. 

CONTRACTORS 

Merchandise  Mart 
Superior  7811 

CHICAGO 


|>ort,  Texas,  and  resides  at  ITIT  Wl■^t  Jiul 
Street,   Frecport,  Texas. 

Jensen,  Hoy  I'aii.,  M.K.,  is  S|)ecial 
.\gent  for  Fireinairs  Fund  Insurance  Co., 
10;il-2.'j  Dime  lildg.,  Detroit,  .Mich.,  and 
lias  changed  his  address  to  l:)-.'(i.-.  Ilene, 
Detroit,   .Mich. 

S.Mirii,  Ok.mas  (.'•..  t'.l'..,  who  is  F.ngi- 
luer  of  Huildings,  Cliicigo  .\rea,  Illinois 
liell  Telephone  Co.,  JDS  W.  Washington 
St.,  has  changed  his  address  to  770  Oak 
Grove  .\ve..   Highland   I'ark,   111. 

Temple,  Hobert  .\.,  F..F,.,  who  is  Su]>- 
erintendent  of  thi-  .SduIIi  Chicago  I'laiit. 
.Marblehead  l.iinc  Comi.any.  .•(•-H.-)  F.  loiird 
Street,  reside-  .it  7117  .Icft'cry  .\\crinc. 
Chicago. 

WoBLEV,  John  Ci.ahk.  F.I'.F...  who  i-  .i 
Consultant,  lJ:iO  Einl>ire  State  Bhig.. 
N.  Y.  C,  has  chauL'ed  his  address  to  T-iWi 
:).-,th  .\ve..  Jackson  Heights,  N.  V.  Apt. 
F-ii:J. 

MISSING  MFN 

(  lAUK,   Andrew   Stewaht 

("rane,   George   D. 

DoLEsii,  Frank  James 

Downs,   Fred  Cauen 

(ioEDSTEIN,    AleXENDER 
GrAICTNAS,    VlTf  ATI'S    .\. 

.Mri.LER,   DoroLvs    F. 
Oboi.eb,   Max  O. 
Frice,   Myron    Hawley 
.Sciiw'.vHTZ.   Max   Leonard 
Si.oAN,    Fred  E. 
-Summers.  I  oris  Henry 


SCHMIDT  COSTUME  &  WIG  SHOP 

REQUISITES  FOR  THE 

FANCY  MASQUE  BALL 

&  AMATEUR  STAGE 

920  NORTH  CLARK  STREET 

:\it)iia«k  i';tr,> 


Cosi 


to  ihe  ARMOUR  PLAYERS 


Drawing     Materials 


The  fTorld's  Finest 

Surveying  Instruments 

• 

DRAWING   INSTRUMENTS 

SLIDE  RULES 

MEASURING  TAPES 

VneqiiitocallY  Guaranteed 


KEUFFEL  &  ESSER  CO. 
of  N.  Y. 


1924 

BiNNirr,  I'ehiivai,  .\.,  K.K.,  pass« 
awav  on  Julv  1'7,  lUW  at  the  Universii 
ot   Chicago   Ilospital. 

Campbell,  Kiciiabd  Hlake,  C.E.,  wl 
is  Superintendent  of  the  Leonard  Co; 
struction  Co.,  .'J7  S.  Wabash  .\vc.,  Chicag 
resides    at    12+0   Gregory   Ave.,   Wilmett 

CiTTA,  Jebby,  Ch.E.,  who  is  Inspector 
the  -Vutomatic  Sprinkler  Dept.  of  the  II! 
nois  Ins|)eetion  liureau,  911  Myers  Bld( 
.Springfield,  111.  has  moved  to  1:51*  We 
lies  .\ve.,  Springfield,  Illinois.  He 
married   and   has   two   children. 

CiREENEIEIJ),      TlIEODORE,      Ch.F..,      wllO 

Technical  Sales  Representative,  Vclsic 
Corp.,  Chicago,  has  recently  changed  \ 
.iddrcss  to  1711  Fortinan  .\ve.,  Cinclnna 
Oliio. 

IIv.NsoN.  Everett  Hart,  CliE.,  who 
rhiff  Industrial  Engineer  for  Standa 
Oil  C...  of  Incli.iria.  Whiting.  Ind.,  h 
recently  cli.inged  his  .iddress  to  !»S->i  Sou 
Iloyne  .\venue.   Chicago. 

Henrikson,  Karl  E.,  wh.i  is  Engine 
in  charge  of  Laboratory.  I. ink  Belt  C 
.519  N.  Holmes  Ave.,  Indianapoli.s,  In 
has  recently  moved  to  4480  Marcy  Lai 
Indianapolis,  Indiana. 

Keene,  Cl-*ir  L.,  E.E.,  is  an  Engine 
for  the  Mutual  Boiler  Insurance  Coi 
)iany,  60  Batterymarch  St.,  Boston,  Mas 
and  is  living  at  10  I.awndale  Road,  Ea 
.Milton,  Mass. 


Drawing    Materials 


Drawing  Materials 
THE  FREDERICK  POST  CO. 

Hamlin    and   Avondale   Avenues 
CHICAGO 


Electrical    Equlpmenf 


"BBB"  CARBOIVF 

.   .   .   since   IHQO 

Eiec+ricai     and     Mechanical 
Carbon   Produds 

BECKER  BROTHERS  CARBON  CO 

3450  S.  52nd   Ave.,   Cicero,  Crawford  226 


Chicago  Transformer 
Corporation 

3501    ADDISON  STREET 
Chicago,   lllinoii 

Independence    I  120 


Electrical    Equipment 


ELECTRICAL  WINDINGS 
INCORPORATED 

DESIGNERS  and  MANUFACTURERS  of 
ELECTRICAL  WINDINGS  AND  SPECIALTIE 

910  WEST  LAKE  STREET 
CHICAGO,  ILL 

Telephone   SEEIey   6400 


42 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNI 


KiNSMAX,    CiKOBGE    ChAXDICU,    M.E.,    wllO 

Director  of  Hesearcli  tor  tlie  Florida 
wcr  &  Light  Co.,  Miami,  Fla.,  lias 
:ently  moved  to  1515  Country  Club 
ado,'  Coral  Ciables,  Florida. 
LowF,  HiDoi.PH  P.,  M.E.,  who  is  Vice 
esideiit  and  Chief  Engineer  of  Pro- 
rtioneers.  Inc.,  9  Codding  Street,  Provi- 
nce, H.  I.,  has  recently  changed  his 
dre^s  to  3LSU  Pawtucket  Avenue,  River- 
e,  H.   I. 

MirssLER,  Edmund  J.,  F.P.E.,  who  is 
perintendent,  Lima  Branch,  Ohio  In- 
action Bureau,  1019  National  Bank 
lilding,  Lima,  Ohio,  changed  his  ad- 
ess  to  411  S.  Main  St.,  Columbus  Grove, 
lie. 

Veggeberg,  JiLux  M.,  M.E.,  who  is  a 
nior  Mechanical  Engineer,  City  of  Chi- 
10,  Bureau  of  Engineering,  811  N'. 
chigan  Ave.,  Cliicago,  has  recently 
ived  to  1807  X<irtli  Rutherford  Avenue, 
icago. 

N'oRsuKisi,  Hexhv  George,  Jr.,  Ch.E., 
L'epted  call  as  pastor  of  the  Westminster 
esbyterian  Church,  58th  and  Chester 
•e.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  It  is  understood 
s  is  one  of  the  outstanding  churches 
Philadelphia.  His  home  address  is  5820 
liitbv  .\venue,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Wells,  FLdward  Lewis,  who  is  Technical 
isistant  to  General  Service  Manager, 
^ntgonierv  Ward  &  Co.,  619  W.  Chicago 
re.,  Chicago,  111.,  is  residing  at  4134-  X. 
?ystone   Ave.,   Chicago. 

MISSING  MEN 
AxDERSox,  Harold  Edward 
Bacal,   Harry  S. 
Baiji,  ErcEXE  Edward 
Bexsixger.  Evgexe   a. 
BrRKEY,  Mack  Garrett 

COLLIXS,    ClIAS.     M. 

Falcoxer.  Johx'   Willard 
Gaylor.   William   vSparks 
Hart,  Thomas  Hexry 
ToHxsox,  Elsier  a. 
Kai  rz,  Clarex'ce   F. 
I.ipsKV.  William   Sail 
McRxtiR.    Herbert    Kexxeth 
Nil -ON.  Carl  .Xicisi- 
li-ov.   Aldex   T. 

■*iAM  I   I  IS,    SalI. 

L'xger.  a.  Pat 
fV'icKEBs.  William   H. 
rt'AI.SII.  .Toiix    I.EO 

1925 

VIever,  Edwix  Maxw;:i.l.  E.E..  is  Chief 
igineer  for  Victor  Insulators.  Inc., 
etor,  N.  Y.  He  resides  at  55  Elm  Drive, 
pchester,  N.  Y. 

(Veixwirm,  Walter  Hexry,  Ch.E.,  who 
Metallurgist.  Union  .Special  Machine 
.,  400  N.  Franklin  St..  Chicago,  has 
inged  his  address  to  7304  Lunt  Ave., 
icago. 

IVhitcombe,  Earle  S.,  F.P.E.,  was 
naed  Assistant  Western  Manager  of  the 
irtford  Fire  Insurance  Co.  in  a  recent 
aouncement.  He  was  formerly  Assist- 
(t  Su]H"rintendent  of  the  Marine  Dept. 
Ill  Ixforp  that  Special  .\gent  and  F",ngi- 
ir  tnr  the  same  Company,  .\fter  gradu- 
i'>ii  from  Armour  he  joined  the  staff 
I  tin-  Illinois  Inspection  Bureau  and 
Mn  lu-  left  in  19.30  he  was  Office  Maii- 
i  r.  Residence  is  822  S.  18th,  May- 
Vocl,    Illinois. 

MISSING  MEN 
!iA  K.   .Mortimer  Devixe 
'A\ioHi),  Robert  P.vul 
'Ki  I  M.EAF,  John-   Simox 
'i>ii\>ox,  Johx   Godfrey 

*'l  1     ML,    DoXALD    J. 
^1  nil. MAX-,   Ch.vrles   S. 
'ki  nuergast,  Richard  Ward 

Mini  MAKER,     .TOUX     MaXWEIT 

'Viii.iv.  Samiel  R. 
:arch,    1941 


CAMBRIDGE 

AERO-MIXTURE  INDICATOR 

This  flight  instrument  determines  the  Fuel- 
Air  Ratio  by  analyzing  a  sample  of  the  ex- 
haust gas.  it  provides  a  continuous  guide 
enabling  the  pilot  to  control  accurately  the 
all-important  mixture  ratio  from  sea  level 
to  the  highest  altitude.  This  instrument  is 
used  on  air  transports  and  military  ships 
throughout  the  world.  Cambridge  Precision 
Instruments  are  available  for  both  science 
and  industry. 
OTHER  CAMBRIDGE  PRODUCTS 
Moisaire  Indicators   and   Recorders  Physical  Testing  Instruments 


Surface  Pyrometers 
Galvanometers 
Gas  Analysis  Equipment 
and  other  Mechar 


A.C.  and  D.C. 

Instruments 
1  Instruments 


al  and  Electrical 


CAMBRIDGE 

INSTRUMENT   CO.,    Inc. 

3732  Grand  Central  Terminal  New  York  City 

SEND   FOR   LITERATURE   OF  INSTRUMENTS  OF   USE  TO  YOU 


Phone  Randolph  1125 
All    Departments 

GOLDBERG    &    O'BRIEN 

ELECTRIC  CO. 

ELECTRICAL    ENGINEERS    AND 

CONTRACTORS 

OFFICE     AND     PLANT 

17  South   Jefferson   Street 
Chicago,   Illinois 


STANCOR 

Standard  Transformer 
Corporation 

1500  NORTH  HALSTED  ST. 
Chicago,    Illinois 

Mohawk   5300 


Illinois    Electric    Porcelain 
Company 

MACOMB,    ILLINOIS 

E.  J.  BURRIS 

District  RepresentatiTe 

Telephene    Frsnklln    8900 

20    North    Wacker    Drive,    Chicago,    Illinois 


LIGHTING  FIXTURES 

and 
ELECTRICAL  SUPPLIES 

TRIANGLE  ELECTRIC  CO. 

690  West  Adams  Street 
Chicago 

Jack  Byrnes  Tel.  HAYmarket  6262 


FLUORESCENT 
FIXTURES 

Neon    Sign    &    Illumination    Supplies 

INTERNATIONAL  NEON  PRODUCTS 


16    N.    May    St. 
H.  Epstein 


Chicago,    III. 
Class  70 


COMMERCIAL  LIGHTING 

FLOOD  LIGHTS 
FLUORESCENT  FIXTURES 

MULTI  ELECTRICAL  MFG.  CO. 

1840  W.    14th   St.,   Chicago,   III. 


ARTISTS-  WRITERS 

PHOTOGRAPHERS 

ENGRAVERS 

PRINTERS 


340  WEST  HURON  ST.,  CHICAGO 


43 


1926 

BAJll,tH,     CllAKUS     WoKK,     I'.l'.K.,     « llo     JS 

State  Agent  lor  the  (Jull  Insiiraiicc  L\k, 
70t)  Cliuiulxr  of  Coiiiiuerce  lililg.,  Iiuliaii- 
apolis,  liul.,  is  now  residing  at  Jl'Ul  I'ark 
Ave.,  Indianupulls,  Iiid. 

il.vRKis,  iltsHY  .McCllixax,  I'M'.E.,  who 
is  a  partner  of  MeCaslin  &  Harris,  li.i'J  S. 
Spring  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  and  who 
resides  at  110!)  Amalfi  Drive,  I'acilie 
I'alisades,  Cal.,  reports  that  lie  and  his 
wife  just  eouiplcted  a  six  weeks  aviation 
trip  thru  Me.xico,  Central  .\merica,  Cuba 
and  East  Coast,  combining  business  and 
pleasure. 

HuBBELL,    E.\RL     HaYMOKD,     F.l'.E.,    wllii 

is  Kegional  Manager,  Royal-Liverpo.il 
(Jroups,  l+i!l  National  Bank  131dg.,  De- 
troit, Micli.,  is  residing  at  2010  Einihurst 
Ave.,  Ho)  al  0;ik,  Micliigan. 

HUSSANDEH,       MaHTIN       ClaBKXCK,       .M.F... 

who  is  Secretary-Treasurer  of  .\ll>iii  ,J. 
Liepold,  Inc.,  5+1  Diversey  Pkwy.,  li.is 
recentlj-  changed  his  address  to  loM 
Washington  Ave.,  Wilmette,  III. 

MISSING  MEN" 
Heckeh,   CiEOBGE 

BeRMAN,     AVlLXJAM 
HaJUD,    CirAUDHAHI    A. 

Jacobs,  Leo  Barker 
Kloer,  Charles  G. 

KORNACKER,     FraNCIS    .T. 

1927 

Eraser,  Cyril  Carey,  M.E.,  who  has 
been  Chief  Engineer  for  the  Wander  Co., 
Villa  Park,  Illinois,  is  now  Power  Super- 
visor for  the  E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemours 
&  Co.  at  Seaford,  Delaware.  He  is  resi- 
ding at  Seaford  Inn,  Seaford,  Delaware. 
He  writes  that  next  summer  he  expects 
to  move  to  Martinsville,  Virginia  as 
Power  Supervisor  in  the  Nylon  Plant  be- 
ing built  there. 

GoETZ,  Marcus  T.,  E.E.,  is  Development 
Engineer  for  the  Teletype  Cor[)oration, 
1400  Wrightwood  Avenue,  Chicago,  and 
has  recently  moved  to  5731  N.  Rockwell 
St.,  Chicago. 

Hall,  Perry  C,  E.E.,  is  a  Development 
Engineer  for  the  Universal  Cooler  Corp., 
Marion,  Oiiio.  He  writes  his  present  work 
consists  of  laboratory  testing  and  de- 
sign of  coolers.  His  home  address  is  67(i 
S.   Prospect  Ave.,  Marion,  O. 

Ki-iTEL,  Wilton  V.,  F.P.E.,  was  re- 
cently made  Assistant  Manager  in  the 
Cook  County  office  of  the  Phoenix-Con- 
necticut Group  of  Fire  Insurance  Cos.  He 
was  formerly  Engineer  in  this  same  of- 
fice. 

Ix)VEJOv,  Mai-rice  Elmer,  Cli.E.,  who  is 
Instructor  in  Chemistry  and  Physics  at 
Frances  Shimer  .Junior  College.  .Mount 
Carroll,  Illinois,  lives  at  KIH  Kid-e  St.. 
Mount    Carroll,    Illinois. 

Sairs,  I-EoNABn  K.,  C.E.,  who  is  Tool 
Supervisor,  Bucyrus-Erie  Co.,  U'JIO  Clare- 
mont  .\ve.,  Evansville,  Ind.,  has  changed 
his  address  to  .•J<i.is  West  Franklin  St., 
Evansville,   Ind. 

ZwiEHS,  .Tons-  n.,  C.E..  writes  to  the 
.Muinni  Office,  iimler  date  of  .January  It, 
lOtl,  from  CViracas,  \'em'Ziii-|a,  (c/o 
Carihbe.in  Petroleum  Co..  AparlHclo  SO!)) 
as  follows: 
Gentlemen: 

For  some  time  I  had  kni>wn  that  theri- 
was  something  missing  in  my  life  and  just 
the  other  day  I  found  out  what  it  was:  1 
haven't  been  petting  my  .Xrmoih  F.kgi- 
NEEH  AND  Ai.rMNUs!  So  wlll  you  please 
change  the  address  that  you  have  in  your 
flics  so  that  once  more  I  will  bo  able  to 
get  my  copy. 

It's  kind  of  n  long  story  how  I  got 
down  here,  Imt   here   it   is  in   brief:   I   had 


THE  INDUSTRIAL  ERECTORS,  Inc. 

188  W.   RANDOLPH   STREET 

SIDNEY    I.   COLE,    (Class    1928) 

CHICAGO 

Ereitors    of    Industrial    Machinery    and    Materials 
Handling    Edulpment 


WESTERN 

FELT 

WORKS 

tvlanufacfurers     and 

Cutters 

of  Felts  for 

All  Gove 

rnmental 

and     Indus 

rial     Pu 

pose  s 

4029-4117  Ogden 

Ave. 

Chicago.    III. 

Established    1899 

been  transferred  by  tlie  Sli.ll  Oil  Co.  from 
Chicago  to  Jacksonville,  Florida.  I  had 
been  tliere  only  about  9  months  when  the 
opportunity  was  given  to  me  to  be  trans- 
ferred to  another  one  of  the  Shell  group, 
the  Caribbean  Petroleum  Company,  with 
headquarters  in  Caracas,  Venezuela.  It 
meant  a  consideraljle  advancement  for 
me,  so  the  transfer  was  accepted,  .\fter 
a  short  training  period  in  New  York,  I 
arrived  in  Caracas  on  the  21st  of  June, 
1940.  Titles  do  not  mean  anything  down 
here,  but  on  the  record  I'm  supposed  to 
be  the  .\ssistant  Engineer,  although  on  the 
trips  to  the  interior  we  may  be  anything. 
.\t  the  ])resent  I'm  particularly  interested 
in  the  Engineering  from  the  Sales  or- 
ganization viewpoint,  so  that  the  reduced 
production  down  here  due  to  the  war 
hasn't  affected  us  to  any  large  extent. 
However,  in  the  fields  there  has  l)een  quite 
a  reduction  in  the  flow  of  oil.  As  the 
major  part  of  the  income  of  this  country 
is  derived  from  the  sale  of  i)etroleuni 
products,  such  restricted  flow  has  been 
keenly  felt  here,  and  has  necessitated  some 
very  drastic  economies.  .\  good  percent- 
age of  the  Government  Engineers  were 
.\mericans,  but  during  the  last  couple  of 
months  a  considerable  percentage  of  them 
have  returned  to  the  States.  However, 
there  is  plenty  of  work  to  be  done  down 
here,  and  as  soon  as  the  production  is 
back  to  normal  there  will  be  a  liig  "boom  " 
on  here. 

Oh  yes,  in  .inother  instance,  your  rec- 
ords might  be  wrong.  On  Dec.  istli.  19:i9, 
my  legal  status  changed,  so  that  now  I'm 
I   in.irried  man. 

I'll  be  looking  forward  very  mueh  to 
receiving  the  .Vbjioir  Engineer  and 
.\li-.mnis  again,  and  if  you  have  any  re- 
cent back  numbers  that  arc  lying  around 
loose,  I'd  appreciate  receiving  them  also. 
.MISSING   MEN 

Herkso.v,   .\ahon 

(ailles,   n.  /,. 

(  iiAVES,    Frank    C 

DlMlAM,     SVLVAMS     VeNK 
I'.MIRSON,    Haiph     W. 

Geohge,   HriiKEHr  1(.,  .Ir. 
Ill  VIS,  .\.  B. 
KoKi'iR,   John   J. 
I. arson,  EnwiN   A. 
I  i:i:,   (Jkohgi:    Hahoi.d 
.Siiiiscii,   Cahi.  G. 

thomi'.son,  c;.  W. 

Vekano,  Victorio  Q. 
Weinberg,  Joseph 


Flow.rs 

Telepho 

i»     Victory     4515-4516 

"Your 

Telegraph    Florist" 

J.  F. 

KIDWELL  CO. 

Not    Inc. 

FLOWERS 

3530 

■vllCHIGAN    AVENUE 

T.  A.  Kldwe 

1                                 Chici 

90 

Serson  Hardware 
Company 

Established    190" 

INDUSTRIAL  SUPPLIES— SHEET 

METAL  WORK 

109  East  Thirty-First  Street 

Phone   Victory    j  'J;;' 


1928 

Chandler,  Chakies  .S..  F.P.E.,  who 
Special  Agent  for  the  (Jreat  Americ 
Ins.  Co.,  (i'Jo  Shelby,  Detroit,  Mich.,  h 
recently  moved  to  15109  Holinar,  Detr 
Michigan. 

CiRAE,     Pail    .-Vnthony,    C.E.,    who 
Plant  .Manager  for  Container  Corporal! 
of  America,  1301   W.  :i.itli  Street,  Chicaj 
has   recently   changed   his  address   to  82 
l.angley   .\ve.,  Chicago. 

Grosoitii,  Joseph.  ,Ir..  Arch.,  was  mi 
ried  to  Miss  Olive  Fisher,  .^pril  (i.  19' 
Residence  is  at  '20.5  Washington  Stre 
Oak  Park,  Illinois. 

HiEBER.     Paul,    C.E.,    who    is    a    Sts 
Highway  Engineer,  Division  of  Highwa; 
Courier    News    HIdg.,    Elgin,    HI.,   lias    1 
centlv   changed   his   address   to   917   S. 
Johns   Ave..    Highland    Park,    111. 

Kriecer,   Harry   I.elanu,   F.P.E.,   En: 
neer,     Ohio     Inspection     Bureau,     Wl 
Hroad    Street,    Columbus.    Ohio,    has 
cently  moved  to   \ir,r,  Wyandotte  Hd., 
lumbus,  Ohio. 

I-ANOAN.     RuilARll     K .,     F.P.K..     is     Sff 

.\gent  for  the  Cireat  .\iiierican  liisuraii 
Co..  I19t  Starks  Huilding.  Louisville,  K 
and  resides  at  li:i07  Gladstone,  l.oiiisvil 
Ky. 

I.oii.vi:r,    Carl    Leonard,    M.E.,    who 
Industrial    F^ngineer,   Swift    &    Co.,    I' 
Yards,    Chicago,    III.,    has    moved    to    76 
S.  Vernon  .\ve.,  Chicago. 

Miller,  Leo   H.,   F.P.E.,  is   State   Age 
for    the    Pacific    Fire    Insurance    Co. 
Hankers    tS;    .Shipjiers    Insurance    Co., 
Penobscot    BIdg.,   Detroit,   Mich.  His  lioi 
address    is    Walled    Lake.   Michigan. 

.Smetiiei  i.s,  .loiiN  .M..  announces  t 
arrival  of  a  bouncing  baby  boy  to  f 
Smethells  household  on  .\ugust  Id,  19 
Named  Charles  Richard. 

Tracy,  Mairice  B.,  E.E.,  who  is  in  t 
Personnel  Department  of  the  Cienei 
Electric  Company  at  Bridgeport,  Con 
was  recently  in  Chicago  interviewi 
graduating  engineers  for  the  (Jenei! 
Electric  C-o.  .Similar  visits  were  made 
engineering  colleges  in  tlie  middle 
Tracy's  home  is  at  929  Wilcoxson,  Stri 
ford.   Conn. 

I'ri:,  Harkv  C.,  C.E.,  who  is  Engine 
for  Arthur  J.  O'l.eary  &  Son  Co.,  67 
W.  (i.'jth  St.,  Chicago,  is  residing  at  (i+6 
89th  Street,  Chicago. 


44 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNli 


MISSING   MEN 
(li  STAFSON,  Gust  A. 
Mahiioefer,  Lawrence  J<isi:ri[ 
Oc.uKx,  Tom 

1929 

lii  1  ME.  Ernest  A..  F.P.E.,  is  Fire  Sur- 
vey Engineer  for  the  Mill  Mutnals,  800 
Flour  Exclianfre,  Minneapolis,  Minn.  He 
resides  at  l-OKi  Drew  Ave.,  So.,  Minne- 
i|piilis.    Minn. 

l-.nuKSEN,  .VHNin-  EiiAXCKE.  .Vrcli..  who 
IS  Sales  Enfiineer  for  the  Detroit  Stoker 
ill..  :i:i3  N.  Micliifjan  .-\ve.,  Chicaj;o,  is 
HOW  residinfr  at  i>6'3  Hp-hland  .\venue, 
lllen    Ellvn,  Illinois. 

.l.iiiNsox.  Cake  II.,  F.P.E.,  is  Sjieeial 
Af;eiit  for  C'niin  &  Forster,  1 UKJ  Nortli- 
Meslern  Bank  Bld^.,  Minneapolis,  Minn., 
mcl  is  residinfr  at  .5340  Penn  Ave.  So., 
Miiuie.qKilis,  Minn.  He  writes  "The  name 
)f  .lolinson  will  continue  for  I  can  re- 
pert    a   son,   Paul,  liorn  .lune  30,  19+0." 

KiKXAN,  J.  .Meevin,  C.E.,  who  is  Man- 
lier. Foldinfr  Carton  Division,  Container 
(■(.ip.  of  America,  Manayunk,  Plilla- 
lielphia.  Pa.,  has  recently  moved  to  fl  E. 
\\  \  iinewood   Park,  Wynnewood,  Pa. 

kii>EPFER,  George  Aiocst,  C.E.,  who  is 
in  Instructor,  U.  S.  Navy,  Naval  Air  Sta- 
tion, Pensacola,  Florida,  has  moved  to  302 
Second    Street,    Warrington,    Florida. 

SiiMPEL,  Robert  EnwAHn.  Arch.,  is  now 
:(  di'-ifrner  in  the  Store  Planning  Depart- 
ment at  Sears,  Koelmck  &  Com)iany. 
Artliington  Street  and  Honian  .Vveiuie, 
(liie.igo.  He  also  teaclies  Mechanical  and 
M.iehiTie  Drawing  at  Schurz  Evening  High 
SeluHil.  His  home  address  is  R.  F.  D. 
N'.i     1.   Mt.   Prospect,   Illinois. 

\\M-riNG,  Behxakd  A.,  F.P.E.,  wlio  i- 
Speeial  Agent,  St.  Paul  Fire  &  Marine 
liiMirance  Co.,  1010  Lafayette  Bldg., 
Detniit,  writes  that  he  has  been  married 
-eMii  vears  and  has  a  son  2''..  years  old. 
Hi.  home  address  is  8113  AViscolisin  .\ve., 
Detroit,    Mich. 

MISSING  MEN 
1    CooKE,    Earle    Frederick 

Garbett.   Ralph 

LuTZ,   Haroed  Rcdoi.pii 

Montgomery.  Glenn  Merle 

RoHR,  Elwin  Kinyon 

Strom,  George  Wh.liam 

1930 

BiGELOW.  Folger  H.,  E.E.,  who  is  Sales 
Engineer  for  the  Ilg  Electric  Ventilating 
Co.  of  Chicago,  is  residing  at  13:30  East- 
Dnoreland.  Apartment  3,  Memphis,  Tennes- 
see. He  was  married  to  Miss  Ruth  Smith 
of   Memphis,   on    August    IT,   1940. 

Chun.  Edmind  H.,  C.E.,  is  with  the 
U.  S.  Engineer  Office,  Mas.sena,  N.  Y. 

Tones,  Charles  Henry,  F.P.E.,  who  has 
lieen  Special  Agent  for  the  Conmiercial 
I'nion  Group  of  Fire  Insurance  Cos.,  with 
lieailquarters  in  Denver,  Colorado,  has 
luen  made  State  ,\gent  for  these  same 
(  onL|i.inies  with  supervision  over  tlie 
inniintain  states  area. 

H  vsMCSsEN,  Frederik  A..  C.E.,  who  is 
I  i\il  Engineer,  City  of  Peoria,  Room  -308 
I  it\  Hall,  Peoria,  Illnois,  has  changed  his 
adciress    to   301    Emery    St.,    Peoria,    111. 

UrcLEiN.  .\RTin-R  T.,  F.P.E.,  who  is  an 
lns|iector  for  the  Iowa  Insurance  Service 
Bureau,  has  moved  to  3(i4.')  Summit  .\ve., 
Sii>u\  City.  Iowa.  He  writes  that  he 
iiioM'd  into  his  own  home  just  in  time  to 
riiiny   the   .\rmistice   Day   blizzard. 

\\'AHi.sTRANn.  Hakoeu  .\ ..  E.E.,  who  is 
l'n;;ineer  for  the  Teletype  Corporation, 
I  loii  W'rightwood  Avenue,  Chicago,  lias 
reeentlv  changed  his  address  to  WOr,  N. 
Tavl.u-'  Ave.,   Oak    Park.    III. 


Want  help  in 
DRAM  I  ^^W"* 


•  This  "R  B  &  W  Handbook  of  Common  Machine  Fasteners"  s 
how  fo  represent  more  than  thirty  different  types  of  bolts, 
rivets,  etc.  on  assembly  and  detail  dra>Arings  where  these  sta 
fasteners  appear.  This  booklet  does  not  give  dimensions  nor 
fications  of  fasteners,  but  does  show  the  most  widely  used  conv 
tlons  for  their  representation. 

More  than  30,000  copies  hove  been  requested  by  students, 
structors,  and  professional  draftsmen.  It  fits  inside  a  draw 
instrument  cose.  Your  copy  will  be  promptly  sent  to  you  — 1 
upon  request.  Write  to  our  Port  Chester  address. 

1845, 


pec 


II  B  S,  W, 

of  bolls,  I 

the 


)rWs  le 


5.    ha 

be 

en    a 

teoder    in    the    man 

and 

olh 

r  thr 

aded   fatlenings  — 

ding 

non 

uiactL 

rer  of  these  produc 

RUSSELL,  BURDSALL  S  WARD 

BOLT    AND     NUT     COMPANY 


Winkler,  Charles  Thomas,  ,Ir..  M.E., 
who  is  Production  Manager  for  the  Rey- 
nolds Metals  Co.,  1259  S.  Campbell  Ave- 
nue, Chicago,  has  recently  moved  to  242.") 
Granville,  Chicago.  He  writes:  "Married 
for  last  two  years.  One  exemption  on 
hand-  (ine    on    the    way." 

MISSING  JIEN 

Dvi.EwsKi.    TiiAnnECs  ,1. 

Hae;g::le.    Alien    Charles 

Miller.   Max  .1. 

Montgomery'.  Hiram  W. 

Peterson,  Fesiiei.i.   B. 

Phillips.  John  V. 

Pierce,  Dana 

.Sanborn.  Frank  E. 

.Steck.   Leon   J. 

Taylor,   .Toiin    L. 

\an    A'aezaii.    Wm.    S. 

Wiirriii:i.n.   M  vksiiaee  Geohc.e 

Wcon.  Mahsh  m  1    B. 

1931 
1 0th  Year  Reunion 

For  thinirs  to  come  W.ileb  Ml  in  Ml. 
Already  special  mailing  h.i.  gone  ahead 
to  the  members  of  tliis  class  announcing 
(ilans  for  a  reunion  party  that  will  over- 
shadow any  class  reunion  in  the  history 
of  the  Institute.  .\n  aetivi'  committee 
consisting  of  Eldon  .lolmson.  Boh  Krause. 
Ed    Paschke.    Elmer    H..|in,   .iulian    Lenke 

and   .\rt   Jens   h.ive  e jdeled    )o-elioiin.iry 

W(0-k  in  develo)iini;  the  .innix  ers.i  ry  pro- 
gram. 

.Vi'ERHACii.  Aevin  BiKiiioin.  C'.F...  h.i'. 
been  transferred  fn.ni  t  ort  Do  I'ont. 
Delaware,  and  now  r.-sid,-s  ,it  I13!l 
Coh.ni.il    Ave..    Al.-\andri,i.    X'iriiinia.      lie 


now  has  the  rank  of  Captain  in  the  Corps 
of    Engineers. 

Collins.  Robert  B.,  M.F..,  is  now 
emjiloved  as  a  Draftsman  for  Universal 
Oil  Products  Company,  310  S.  Michigan 
.\ve.,  Chicago.  His  home  address  is  443(> 
Elm  Street,  Downers  Grove,  Illnois.  He 
is   married   and   has   a   year  old   daughter. 

Drell.  Isadore  I...  Ch.E.,  who  is  a  Job 
Analyst  for  the  V.  .S.  Employment  Serv- 
ice and  conducts  analysis  work  for  army 
jobs  in  connection  with  the  National  De- 
fense Program,  has  recently  moved  to 
5411  Woodlawn   -Vvenue,  Chicago. 

.Iennings,  George  ,I.,  Jr.,  E.E.,  who  is 
Supervisor,  Board  of  Education.  228  N. 
I.aSalle,  Chicago,  has  recently  moved  to 
,S33T  S.  Pauley,  Chicago.  For  the  last 
,S  years,  he  has  lieen  Tennis  Professional 
at    Northmoor   Countrv   Club.    Ravinia. 

Jordan.  Philip  J..'  C.E.,  who  is  Civil 
Engineer,  Construction  Division,  Bureau 
of  EngineeriuL'.  Citv  of  Chicago,  334  W. 
104tli  Place,  has  reeentlv  changed  his 
address  to  T!)!!  Euclid  .Vv'e.,  Chicago.  lie 
i,  workinir  at  Stewart  Avenue  Water 
4nnn.-l. 

I.am;iiam>i:ii.  K-  nxeth  ('.,  F.P.E..  has 
rteently  Joined  the  Indiana  staff  of  the 
Great  .\merican  Group  of  Fire  Insurance 
Cos.  as  Special  .\gent.  He  was  formerly 
an  Inspector  witli  the  Indiana  Inspection 
Bureau    in    Indian.ipolis. 

i  MUCIN.  MAXW^:IL  C.  F.P.E.,  is  Special 
Agent  fin-  Travelers  Fire  Insurance  Co.. 
I'irst  Nalion;d-Soo  1  ine  Building.  Minne- 
aiuili-..  Minn.  He  has  recently  moved  to 
1221       Heard      Avi-nue.      So..      .Minneapolis, 


Mi 


I     IS- IK 


Bert 


;..   C.E.,   is 


I.ieuten- 


March,    1941 


45 


ant  in  tlu'  Civil  Knfriiu-i-r  Corps.,  CS.N'.R., 
Navv  I)o|)t..  Hiir<-,iu  of  Yards  &  Docks, 
Navy  I5l<if:.,  Wasliiiifrton,  I).  C.  He  was 
ordered  to  report  for  active  duty  Novem- 
ber 11,  I!)KI.  He  resides  at  8(i5  S.  Ivy 
Street,    Arlinjrton,   Virginia. 

Mc.-\ni)i.i:.  riioM.\s  O  lI.MiK.  C.F..,  who  is 
now  Inihistrial  Eiifxiiuer  for  the  Lock- 
heed .\ircraft  Corp..  15iirl)ank,  Calif.,  has 
recentlv  ehanjied  liis  address  to  ,5.529 
Denny' Ave.,    North    Hollywood,   Calif. 

Mi-Hi'iiv.  Ori..\ni>  H..  K.K.,  is  in  busi- 
ness at  !)l(l  West  I  ,ike  .Street.  He  re- 
cently moved  to  IJIMI  lirlleforte  Ave.  l)al< 
Park,   111. 

RiTT.  1'ra.sk  KnwAHi).  C.K.,  is  .\ssistant 
Enjrineer,  I'.  .S.  Kngineer  Office,  Louis- 
ville, Kv.,  Federal  Muildinjr,  has  moved 
to  •>.'(;  N.   Mt.   Holly   .\ve.,  Louisville,  Ky. 

Weis.  IIknhv  Birds  M.I. .  .M.F..,  who  is 
Enfrineer.  Central  Fibre  Products  Co.,  831 
S.  Front  St.,  (^uinev.  III.,  has  changed  his 
address  to  2i5  S.  •_':ird  St.,  (Juiney,  III. 
He  writes  that  he  was  married  to  .Miss 
Virpinia  Ohnemus  on  .\u)rust  2.5,  1939, 
and  is  now  the  i)roud  father  of  twins,  a 
boy    and    ,i    irirl.    born    Oct.    10.    19H1. 

Ice   Cream 


GOLDENROD 
ICE  CREAM 

Served  exclusively 
at 

ILLINOIS  INSTITUTE 
OF  TECHNOLOGY 


AIRGUIDE  WEATHER  INSTRUMENTS 

Thermometers — Barometers 
Hygrometers 


HELD   GLASSES 
FEE  AND  STEMWEDEL,  INC. 

4949    North    Pulaski    Road,    Chicago,    IlUno 
KEYstone  6600 


OVER  40  YEARS 

A    NAME   STANDING   FOR 

QUALITY 

AND 

FINE  WORKMANSHIP 

IN  THE  MANUFACTURE  OF 

SCIENTIFIC  INSTRUMENTS 

GAERTNER  SCIENTmC 

CORPORATION 

1201  Wrightwood  Ave.  CHICAGO 


\Vii.sox,  UouKHT  Nk.m.,  F.P.F..,  is  now 
Enjiineer  and  .Vssociate  .Manager,  Indus- 
trial .\dvisors  Bureau,  Inc.,  Insurance 
.Vgencv  Division,  711-  N.  li.  C.  Bid;:., 
Cleveland,  ().,  and  is  livin-  at  .ilds  W. 
1.51st    St.,    Cleveland,    Ohio. 

.MISS INC   MKN 

FkHOI'SON,    I.KSI.Il.    .1. 
HOTCIIKIN.     .M.VHK     A. 
.MlI.KS,     W.VI.I..VCK 
YZAOllRBK.     M.VNlri      .\. 

1932 

BlAl.    .MaKSHAII.    HoBlHT.    F.l'.K..    who    is 

Special  .\gent  for  the  .\utomobile  Insur- 
ance Co.  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  has  recently 
ehanfied  his  business  address  to  11th 
floor.  Merchants  Bank  Bldp.,  Indian- 
apolis, Indiana.  His  home  adilress  re- 
mains I-22I  N.  Guilford  .\ve.,  Indianapolis, 
Ind. 

Carlton.  Edw.\rd  Wii.i.iasis.  now  heads 
his  own  enfrineerinjr  firm  which  is  located 
at  S  South  Dearborn  .Street,  Chicago. 
Residence  is  at  U.5II  West  C.lrnlake  .\ve- 
nue.   (^bicapo. 


TELEPHONE    CENTRAL 

741  1 

INSURANCE 

EVERETT  R. 

COLE 

1    NORTH   LA  SALLE 

STREET 

CHICAGO 

ivith 

FRED    S.   JAMES   & 

CO. 

rsiah!,sh,-i  1-:- 

John  S.  Delman  '32 

LIFE   INSURANCE 
and   ANNUITIES 

THE  GREAT- WEST  LIFE 
ASSURANCE  CO. 

135   So.   LaSalle  Rand.   5560 


PAUL  A.  HAZARD,  Jr. 

Chartered  Life  I'nderuriter 

INSURANCE 


FRANKLIN  0680 


PAUL  L  MULLANEY 

(1924) 

INVESTMENTS 

THE   FIELD   BUILDING 

135  South  La  Salle  Stree 

t 

Chicago 

Telephone  Franklin   1  166 

Casi:v,  J.\mi;s  .Iosipii.  C.E.,  is  now  ei 
l]loycd  by  Sanderson  &  Porter  and  liv 
in    Wilmington,    Illinois. 

Fri:i:r,  Do.naij)  Kdc.xr,  F.l'.E.,  is 
Branch  .Manager  of  the  Kentucky  .\ct 
arial  Bureau,  .51S  Second  National  Bai 
Bldg.,  .\shlan(l,  Ky.  He  is  married 
has  a  daughter  born  April,  19:j!».  I- 
resides  at   Ulllt  Hilton  .\ve.,  Ashland,  K 

IlKCKMILLtR,     lu.NATIUS    A.,    C.E.,     wllo 

Junior  Engineer,  V.  S.  Geological  Surve 
Indianapolis,  Ind.,  has  recently  chang< 
his  address  to  liou  Indianola  .\v. 
Indi.in/ipolis.  Ind.  He  is  married  and  h. 
two  daughters. 

Koch,  .\i.iii;rt  .Vrthur,  C.E.,  who  is  f 
Associate  Civil  Engineer,  U.  S.  Engine- 
Office,  South  Pacific  Division,  .3.51  Cai 
fornia  Street,  San  Francisco,  Calif.,  h. 
recently  changed  his  address  to  28 
Derby  Street,  Berkeley,  California. 

ScHii.TZ,  Wii.i.iA.H  G.,  F.P.E.,  who 
an  Engineer  with  the  Lumbermens  .Mutu 
Insurance  Co.,  .Mansfield,  Ohio,  resides 
r,2~  Crescent  Hoad,  .Mansfield.  His  daup 
ter,  Diana  Jeanne,  age  six,  has  a  1.5-mi 
nte  program  on  radio  station  W'.MAl 
Sunday  afternoons.  She  also  played  tl 
p.irt  of  "Pud"  in  "On  Borrowed'  Ti 
with   the  Toledo   Repertoire  Theatre. 

Sr.iirsr,  E.  Boris.  .Arch.,  is  .\rchitectur 
Draftsman,  City  Planning  Conimissio 
Room  200,  Civic  Center,  San  Diego,  Ca 
and  is  residing  at  731  Yarmouth  Ct.,  .Si 
Diego,    Cal. 

Toxs.\GKR,  HowAHn  .Arthur,  Arch.,  w) 
is  Draftsman,  Schmidt,  Garden  &  Erikso 
104-  S.  Michigan,  Chicago,  has  moved 
127  Bonnie  Brae,  Hinsdale,  III.  He  r 
ports  that  he  now  has  a  M..\.  degree 
Architecture  from  M.  I.  T.  and  is  al 
a  registered  architect  in   Illinois. 

Wegntr.    Elmfr    .\rGrsT,   E.E.,   who 
Sales  and  Service  Engineer  for  the  Wes 
inghouse     Electric     &     Mfg.     Co.,     U 
Franklin   St.,  Chicago,  is   residinc  at   U 
Highland    St.,    Berwyn,   HI. 

WlI.TRAKlS.     F'.nWARD     .ToSEPH.     C.E.,     W 

is   now   a   Lieutenant    in   the   L'.   S.   .Arm 
writes  to  the   .\lunini   Editor   from  :?22 
Veitch     Street,     .VrliuL'ton,     Virsrinia, 
fiWIows: 
Hello: 

.lust  to  l)c  crrt.iiii  that  I  keej)  on  rccei 
ing  the  .\H>roiR  F.nc.i.neer  I  am  sendi 
\  ou  my  latest  mailing  address  which  is 
given   above. 

For  the  past  two  and  a  half  years 
have  been  workiiiir  with  the  T^.  .S'.  En( 
neers  at  Little  Rock,  .Arkansas,  in  t 
Hydraulics  Sub-section.  I  had  Joined  t 
Engineer-Reserves  back  in  lO.'J.i,  and  • 
December  17th  last  I  was  ordered  in 
extended  active  duty  with  the  Corps 
Engineers.  I  am  just  completing  a  fl 
weeks  intensive  course  at  Fort  Belvo 
Virginia,  and  have  been  permanent 
.issigned  for  the  balance  of  the  year  f 
duty  with  the  Engineer  School  at  Fo 
Belvoir  and  so  will  be  remaining  in  the 
parts    for   a   while. 

This  five  weeks  c<nirse  has  reipiired  th 
I  remain  on  the  post  all  week,  gettii 
.iway  only  week-ends.  .So  I  have  hard 
been  able  to  sec  my  family.  I  locati 
my  wife  and  fourteen  months  old  si 
lohn  in  .Arlington  about  seventeen  mil 
Irom    the    Fort. 

While  at  Little  Rock  I  w,)rkcd  with  I 
Rutt,  who  gradinited  a  few  years  befo 
1  (lid.  He  was  still  working  in  the  Desi( 
Sei-lion  when  I  left.  Coming  through 
\.irious  times,  I'rank  Hromada  (C.E.  'S 
■-topped  in  on  his  way  to  his  Job  as  Sar 
lar\  Eniiincer  ,it  the  Federal  Penitentia 
it  Fl  R.no.  Okl.ihoma.  He  took  t.i  liir 
M'if   .1    wife    l.ist    Spring. 


46 


ARMOUR   ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNI 


MISSING  MEN 
BoGOT,   Alexa>'d::r 
Casper.  Joseph 
Combs,   H.\hold  F. 
EsKoxEX,  Oscar 
Fox.   Charles   Hexry 
Hromada,  Frank   Miles 
Matheson,   Doxald   MacRai: 
.Miccrcio,  Michael  ,J. 
Skrakowski,   Edward 

TOOPEEKOFF,    El'GEXE 

\'aighx,  William   T. 

1933 

Axuehsex.  Walter  Geokoe.  Arch.,  wlio 
is  Chief  Draftsman  for  the  National 
Youth  Administration  Architect's  Office, 
ill  W.  North  Bank  Drive,  Chicago,  has 
recently  moved  to  4547  N.  Rockwell  St., 
Chicago. 

Barx-ett,  Orville  Theodore,  Ch.E.,  is 
Engineer  of  Tests  for  the  Metal  &  Ther- 
mit Corporation.  92  Bishop  St.,  Chicago. 
He  resides  at  the  Embassy  Hotel,  Chicago. 

Booth.  William  G.,  Ch.E.,  was  recently 
transferred  by  the  Union  Special  Machine 
Company  to  St.   Louis,  Missouri. 

Ca.merox.  Howard  James,  C.E.,  is  Park 
Engineer.  Shenandoah  National  Park. 
Luray,  Va..  U.  S.  Department  of  the 
Interior,  National  Park  Service.  I  iiray. 
Va.  He  is  living  at  171  S.  Court  St.. 
Luray,   Va. 

Ki-BicEK,  Earl  Charles.  .\rcb..  who  is 
Chief  Clerk,  General  .\gent  Passenger 
De|)t..  The  Milwaukee  Road,  Room  711. 
10(1  W.  Monroe  St.,  Chicago,  is  now- 
residing  at  547  E.  73rd   St.,  Chicago. 

Lahsex,  Hexry  a.,  C.E.,  who  is  sales- 
man for  the  Western  Shade  Cloth  Co.. 
lias  recently  moved  to  600  Westmoreland 
Ave.,    Kingston,    Pa. 

.McIxTYKE.  .\lexaxder  M.,  E.E.,  who  is 
Svith  the  Electric  Controller  &  Manufac- 
turing Co.,  2700  E.  79th  Street.  Cleveland, 
lOhio,  has  recently  changed  his  address 
•to  3103  Essex  Rd.,  Cleveland  Heights, 
Ohio.  He  writes  that  after  May  1,  1941. 
his  office  will  be  at  310  South  Michigan 
,\venue.   Chicago. 

NEI.SOX.  Clifford  .\.,  F.P.F...  is  Special 
.\gent  for  the  Home  Insurance  Co.  of 
New  York.  1800  Buhl  Building.  Detroit, 
and  is  residing  at  14.595  Terry  Avenue, 
Detroit,  Mich. 

Sjietheli.s.  William  T.,  F.P.E..  who 
is  Special  .\gent.  Detroit  Fire  &  Marine 
Insurance  Co..  412  State  Bank  Building, 
has  moved  to  (il9  N.  Elmwood  .\ve.. 
Traverse  City,  Mich. 

\'AXnERPOORTEX.  StEPHEX'  .\sHLEY. 

F.P.E.,  who  is  Inspector,  Michigan  In- 
spection Bureau,  may  be  reached  at  Box 
:719,   Detroit.   Mich.  " 

MISSINC;   MEN 
Berqiist,   Raymond  G. 

1934 

.\xdv.rs.  .\rchie,  M.E..  is  now  .\eronau- 
tical  Ensiineer  for  Lockheed-Vega  at  Bur- 
bank.  California.  He  took  an  extensive 
course  in  .\eronauticaI  Engineering  at 
California  Tech.  He  now  resides  at  967' 1- 
N.   Serrano.   Hollywood.  Calif. 

Cl-\rksox.  Ci.arexce  W..  E.E..  was  em- 
ployed as  an  Electrical  Engineer  by  the 
R.  'B.  M.  Mfg.  Co..  I.ogansport.  Indiana, 
on  December  1.  1940.  He  is  residing  at 
Wi  E.   Market   St..   I.ogansport.   Indiana. 

Elijs.  Raymond  I.airexce.  F.P.E..  who 
has  been  employed  since  .Tune.  1939.  by 
R.  B.  Jones  &  Sons.  Inc.  Insurance 
.\gency.  301  W.  11th  St.,  Kansas  City. 
Mo.,  as  .\ssistant  Engineer  is  now  residing 
at  4031  Garfield  .\venue,  Kansas  City. 
Missouri.  He  is  married  and  has  two 
children,   a   son   and   a   daughter. 

H.\RwooD.  Richard  E..  F.P.E..  who  is 
an   inspector   for  the  Oliio   Inspection    15u- 

March,    1941 


Lubricants 


Furnished   Armour   Relays   by 

PIECES  and  CLUST 

185  N.  Wabash  Ave.,  Chicago 

Central   3115 
CLASS    JEWELRY  FRATERNITY    PINS 


SPIES  BROS.  INC. 

Mnmijactiiring   Jewelers 

Loop   Office:  27  E.   Monroe 
Tel.  RANdolph  4149 


Factory:     1140    Cornell. 
Tel.    LAKeview   7510 


CHICAGO 

KENT 


COLLEGE  of 

LAW 


Founded    1887 

Independent— Endowed— Non- Sectarian 

Afternoon    and    Evenlns    Clauos. 

Tel.    Dee.    B885.     Collefle    Bldg..    10    N.    FrankliT>   &t. 


reau.  lUlO  Schmidt  Bldg..  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  has  recently  moved  to  2832  Harri- 
son .\venue,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

KosTEXKo.  Barry-  Michael,  C.E.,  who 
is  Technical  Associate,  Sueske  Brass  & 
Copper  Co.,  13  North  Peoria  Street,  Chi- 
cago, is  now  residing  at  227  S.  19th 
.\venue,  Mawood,  111. 

Marty-,  Raymoxd  W.,  Ch.E.,  who  is  in 
the  Eneineering  &  Research  divisions  of 
Phoenix"  Metal  Cap  Co.,  2444  W.  16th  St., 
Chicago,  has  moved  to  1933  X.  Kimball, 
Chicago. 

Storey.  Doxald  G.,  C.E.,  is  a  Junior 
Civil  Engineer,  Sanitary  District  of  Chi- 
cago, 910  S.  Michigan"  .\venue.  Chicago. 
His  home  address  is  S041  S.  Perry  Ave., 
Chicago. 

.SvoDODA,  Emil  Axtox.  M.E..  is  now 
Sales  Engineer  for  the  Ampco  Metal,  Inc., 
Milwaukee,  Wis.  He  is  residing  at  3330 
N.  .Meridian  Street,  Indianapolis,  Indiana. 

Thompsox.  Paul  James,  E.E.,  who  is 
Expense  Controller  for  Montgomery 
Ward  &  Co.,  Baltimore,  Md.,  has  changed 
his  address  to  .Vpt.  .53,  Oaklee  Village, 
Baltimore,    Md. 

MISSING   MEN 

.\nRiAx.    George    H. 

.\XDERSOX.   Axdr[:w    iIohx 

Bech,  .Iose   a. 

DWi.BA.   Loris 

Davisox.  Stephen-   P. 

Eberly,  Kexxetii  C. 

GiBiAX,   Fraxcis  M. 

KoRixK.  George  T. 

Larsox.  Walter  H. 

MAsrRE.  Chari.es  p. 

Mills.  William   R. 

Spaxgu-r.  Chari.es  D. 

1935 

Birdsoxo.  .Ioux  M.,  M.F...  who  is  Indus- 
trial &  Methods  Engineer  for  tlie 
Hvdraulic  Control  Department  of  tlic 
General  Electric  Co..  Schenectady.  N.  Y.. 
has  moved  to  1'-  Washington.  Scbcncc- 
t.ulv.    New    York. 


THE  STAR  OIL  COMPANY 

ESTABLISHED     1890 

LUBRICATING 

Teleoh 

GEO 

348  North  B 

OILS    AND    GREASES 

one   Seeley   4400 

HAMILTON 
ell  Avenue.  Cdlcaqo 

Managennent    Engineers 


GRIFFENHAGEN  & 
ASSOCIATES 

Established    1911 

MANAGEMENT  ENGINEERS 

AND  ACCOUNTANTS 


CONSULTANTS    ON    PROBLEMS    OF 

ORGANIZATION,     ADMINISTRATION, 

OPERATING    PROCEDURE,    FINANCE, 

ACCOUNTING,  AND  PERSONNEL 


Head  Office:   LaSalle-Wacker  Building 
Chicago 


Bristol.  C'chtis  Uobert,  P'.P.E..  ac- 
cepted a  position  traveling  Kentucky  and 
Tennessee  for  the  North  British  &  Mer- 
cantile Insurance  Co.,  .518  Starks  Bldg., 
Louisville,  Ky.,  on  October  1,  1940,  after 
having  been  with  the  Kentucky  Actuarial 
Bureau  since  193-5.  His  home  address  is 
1841  Roanoke,  Louisville,  Kentucky.  On 
.\pril  10,  1940,  he  became  the  proud  father 
of  a  baby  girl. 

Cirrax-.  Johx-  Mabtix-,  C.E.,  who  is 
Layout  Engineer  for  E.  I.  duPont, 
Iharlestown.  Ind.,  has  recently  changed 
his  address  to  1100  E.  9th  St.,"  Jefferson- 
ville.    Indiana. 

Delaxg,  Theodore  George.  C.E.,  is 
Chemical  Engineer.  Motor  Products  De- 
velo])ment  Division.  V.  S.  Rubber  Co., 
Detroit.  .Mich.  He  has  recently  moved  to 
47ll<)   Nottingham  Rd..  Detroit,  Mich. 

Goij)BERG.  C'h.\rles  K.,  M.E..  who  is 
Designer  with  the  Clearing  Machine  Corp., 
(i499  W.  (i.5th  St..  Chicago,  has  recently 
moved   to   79.5.5   S.   LaSalle  St.,  Chicago. 

Hedix-,  Robert  Harry,  F.P.E.,  who  is  in 
the  L'nderwriting  Dept.,  Hardware  Insur- 
ance Co.,  2'M4  Nicollet  .\ve.,  Minneapolis, 
.Minn.,  is  married  and  is  now  living  at 
2222   Harriet   .\venue,   Minneapolis.   Minn. 

Jox-ES.  Barclay-  VaxCott.  C.F...  who  is 
Job  .\nalyst  for  Spiegel,  Inc.,  1040  W. 
35th  St.,  Chicago,  was  married  on  .Tune  1, 
1940,  to  Miss  Georgette  M.  Becker  of 
Wilmette.  Residence  is  at  414  Maple 
Ave.,  Wilmette,  III. 

Ketti.estrixgs.  David  Willis.  C.E..  who 
is  Structural  Draftsman,  The  .Mississippi 
Vallev  Structural  Steel  Co..  2.5th  .\ve.  & 
Norwood  St..  .Melrose  Park.  III.,  has 
recentlv  chauL'ed  his  address  to  701!  N. 
5tb  AOc..  Maywood.  111.  He  has  a  two 
vear  old   son,   Donald. 

Mi:ssixGER,  Bebxard  1..,  M.F...  who  is  a 
Mechanical  Research  Engineer  for  I  ock- 
heed  Aircr.ift  Corp..  Burbank.  Cal..  is 
residinir  at  10920  Massachusetts  .Vve.. 
Wistwood.    I  OS    .Vneeles.   Cal. 


47 


QUICK  LOOK 


.  .  .  and  you  will  find,  if  you  are  a  discrimmatwg 
engineer  or  industrialist,  that  your  plant,  equipment, 
product  and  employees  are  protected  by  ECONOMY 
RENEWABLE,  ECO,  ARKLESS,  CLEARSITE 
or  TAMRES  FUSES  a  refinement  in  safety  pro- 
duced by  over  a  Quarter  Century  of  Dependable  Service. 


Economy  Fuse  and  Manufacturing  Company 

General  Offices— Greenview  at  Diversey  Parkway 
CHICAGO.  ILLINOIS.  U.S.A. 


48 


ARMOUR   ENGINEER   AND  ALUMNUS 


Mechanica 


F.  m.  deBEERS  &  ASSOCIATES 

CHEMICAL    ENGINEERS 
:G    '.:-•"    Wncl-e-   DrI.e  Rara.   2326 

Representing — well   known,   successful,  fully 
qualified      builders     of     modern,      efficient 

Process  Machinery  and  Equipment 


Filters — pressure    or    rotary    drum 
units.      Spiral    Heat    Exchangers  — 


Multi-stage    Vacutim    Equipment — fc 

cooling,     refrigeration,     deaeration,     distilla- 
tion, deodorization. 

Steam  Jet  \'acuum  Pumps — condensers,  all 
types.  Atmospheric  Drum  Drvers — single 
and  double  roll. 

Centrifugals — solid  and  perforate  baskets — all 
metals.      Centroid  speed  control. 

Chemical    Stoneware — full    line   including   suc- 
tion filters,  pebble  mills,  rolls,   raschig  i 
towers,    tower    packing.      Acid    proof    s 
)iipe,   tanks,   brick,  tile,   cemem.   tank  liii 


^itzgibbons  Boiler  Company,  Inc. 

AIR  CONDITIONING 
STEEL    HEATING    AND    POWER    BOILERS 


REPRESENTED    BY 

MAIVIN  &  MAY,  Inc. 


2015    So.    Michlgar 

Ave. 

Chicago,  Illinois 

Victory    1617 


Motor  Truclcing 

HUBER  &  HUBER 

MOTOR  EXPRESS, 

INC. 

■■COVERING   THE    SOUW 

33rd   &   Wabash 

Cal.  2500 

MRS.  KLEIN'S 

French-Fried   Popcorn 
and  Potato  Chips 

F.   L.   Klein   Noodle  Company 

Chicago 


Office     Furn.rure 


Office  Furniture  House,  Inc. 

167-69  WEST  LAKE  STREET 
CH I CAGO 


JOS.  GUGGENHEIM 

WALL     PAPER,     PAINTS,     OILS, 
VARNISHES 

WINDOW  GLASS  and  BRUSHES 


291  1-13  Wentworth  Avenue 

CHICAGO 

TELEPHONES  VICTORY   \  '"! 


Photographers 


Dramatized  Photography 

FOR  ADVERTISING 
AND    I  N  DUSTRY 

KAUFMANN&  FABRY  CO. 

COMMERCIAL  ILLOSIRATIVE  PHOTOGRAPBERS 

425  South  Wabash  Avenue  •  Chicago 

MOST  THDRODGHLY  EQUIPPED 
PHOTOGRAPHIC  PLANT  IN  AMERICA 


HARRISON  3135 


GOOD  PORTRAIT 
PHOTOGRAPHY 

In  Our  Studio  or  Your  Home 

Specialists  in   Pictures  for 

Reproduction 

OLD  PICTURES  COPIED 

Est.  40  Years  14th  Floor 

27  E.  Monroe  DEArborn  2924 


IHiCAGO 
F.  MONROE  ST. 
Official  PkotographeT 
for   the 
ARMOUR   ENGINEER   &   ALUMNUS 


Planographirg 


5^ 


t!> 


iffn£ 


UNOGRAPH- 


rf 


An  economical  reproduction  process 
for  Office  Forms,  Charts,  Diogroms, 
Grafs,  Specifications,  Testimonials, 
House-Organ  Mogazines,  Bulletins, 
Maps  and  many  other  items. 
No  Run  Too  Long    No  Run  Too  Short 

Estimates  will  not  obligate  you 
in  any  way.  WRITE  OR  CALL. 

CHICAGO  PLANOGRAPH  CORP. 

517  S.  JEFFERSON    STR  E  ET,  C  H  I  C  AGO 


HARmsoN8835 


NiciioLAi,  \\'ii.i.nM,  Arch.,  who  is 
Architectural  Designer  tor  the  Pure  Oil 
(.11.,  :i5  E.  Wacker  Drive.  Chicago,  has 
recently  changed  his  address  to  1305 
.Sunnyside   Ave.,   Chicago    Heights,    111. 

Vaeoxe,  Rai.ph  -\.,  E.E.,  who  is  Radio 
Design  Engineer,  R.  C.  A.  Mfg.  Co.  (Spe- 
cial .\pparatus  Engineering  Division), 
Camden,  N.  J.,  has  moved  to  2.56  White 
Horse   Pike,  .\udubon,  N'.  J. 

WoiJ,  .\ri.ing  M.\btix,  E,E.,  who  is 
.S.iles  Engineer  for  Cutler-Hammer,  Inc., 
.'7.55  E.  Grand  .\venue,  Detroit,  Mich.,  has 
recentlv  moved  to  14150  Linville.  Detroit, 
.Mich, 

MIS.SIN'G  MEN' 

Hess.   Robert  .\. 

.loxEs.   Thoshs   F. 

K.\MIXSKY,    MoRBIS    M. 

kv.vpil,  g.\stav  l. 
Lewis,  William   F. 

1936 

15alai,  Nicholas.  Ch.E.,  who  is  an  Engi- 
neer with  the  Universal  Oil  Products  Co. 
in  Chicago,  was  married  on  September 
■_'H.  19+0,  to  Miss  Margaret  Lillian  .\nder- 

Cole.  James  D..  E.E.,  who  is  an  Elec- 
trical Engineer  for  the  Joslyn  Mfg.  & 
.Supjily  Co.,  3700  S.  Moran  St..  Chicago, 
was  iiiarried  on  .\ugust  18,  19W,  and  now 
lives  at  H7  N.  W.  Highwav,  Park  Ridge, 
111. 

Fleig,  Donaij)  Henrv.  E.E.,  who  is  a 
Patent  Engineer  for  the  Bethlehem  Steel 
Company,  Bethlehem.  Pa.,  has  recently 
moved  to  17  E.  Lehigh  Street,  Bethlehem, 
Pa. 

tiALLAGHER,        FbAXCIS        HuGH        EdW.\BD, 

M.E..  is  now  an  .\ir  Conditioning  Engi- 
neer for  Pedro  -Martinto  (Carrier  Corp. 
representative)  Edificio  Raffo.  Avenida 
I)e  La  Colmena,  Dpt.  701.  Lima,  Peru. 
South  America.  He  may  be  reached  at 
ISo   X.  Lamon   Ave.,  Chicago. 

GiLKisos,  Thomas  Mortimer,  ChE., 
Hho  is  Chemical  Engineer  in  Research, 
\nderson  Clavton  &  Co..  Houston,  Texas, 
was  married  Oct.  2(i.  19W.  to  Miss  Betty 
Hartley  of  Ft.  Worth,  Texas.  His  home 
address   is   174.3  S.  8th,   Abilene.   Tex. 

KiKscH,  Eabl  James,  E.E.,  who  is  an 
Electrical  Engineer  for  the  Standard 
Transformer  Co.,  was  engaged  on  Decem- 


Plas+ering 


Phone  Prospect  9110 

JOSEPH  SMEJKAL 

PLASTERING  CONTRACTOR 

Estimates  Cheerfully  Gi:en 

PLASTER  PATCHING 

5211    So.    Trumbull    Ave.,    Chicago 


Plumbing 


Spwializing  Phone 

PLUMBING  AND  NORMAL  IIU 

HEATING  REPAIRS 

FERGUSON  PLUMBING 

PLUMBING 

GASFITTiNS  AND  SEWERASE 

1314  W.  63rd   Street 
RAY   A.    FERGUSON  Chicago 


JAMES  B.  FLYNN 

Plumhinti  and  Hi'alinp 

7060  CLYDE  AVE. 

HYDE    PARK    0988 

REPAIRS  PROMPTLY  DONE 


Ivl 


arch,    1941 


49 


Printing 


liiir 


..(^m«  iidii 


ACME   C^Y  CORP. 

53   WEST  ^Q      JACKSON    BLVD. 

WiBASH  67<3  ^'  CHIC4G0 


til    Ajit.   X-ii.   tireeii   Tree   Manor, 
U-,   Kentuck\. 


LETTERHEADS 

To  business  correspondents  who  do  not 
know  you  personally,  or  who  have  not 
seen  your  place  of  business,  your  letter- 
head refleas  the  personality  of  your  firm 


FRANK  W. 


Black 


&  Company 


-iZllcrLaJ  <2)hl'tst- 


The 

Chief  Printing  Co. 

• 

Si)i-(ializinfi   in    Hiiih-C.lus.s 
Printing 

• 
For  High  Schools  and  Colleges 

148  West  62d  Street 
Chicago,  Illinois 

Teiephone     Wentworth  6123 


FRED  KLEIN  CO. 

732-738  Van  Buren  St. 

Creators  and  Producers 

of  Better  Grade 

Printing 


Monroe  6363 


Chicago 


ENVELOPES 

•  Standard  lines  in  stock 

•  Specials  made  to  oHer 

•  rial'      rr     ::.:■■     . 

MILLS  ENVELOPE  CO. 

538  South  Wells  Street.  Chi    -.  ■ 
Teleohone  Harrison  723  ■ 


Fred  W.   Krenitel 

THE   MINERVA   PRESS 

Printerx 

6400  Minerva  Avenue,  Chicago 

Pbooe  Hyde  Park  141} 


EVERYTHING 
IN  RADIO 

•  15.000   Paris 

•  Test  Equipment 

•  Recording    Equipment 

•  Radio   Receivers 

•  Sound  Equipment 

ALUED  RADIO  CORP. 

833  W.    Jackson   Blvd.,    Chicago.    111. 


HAMILTON  BROS. 

Real  Estate 

CHESTER  CHARLES 


ESTABLISHED    1908 


ROOFING  and   INSULATING 


her  25  to  Miss  Bernice  Tliorsen  of  Oak 
I'ark,    Illinois.  _ 

Ks.\rs,  HoiiGER  GoTTmiD,  E.E.,  who  i-. 
.\ssistant  Sales  Engineer  for  the  General 
Klectric  Co..  Chicago  Office,  849  S.  Canal 
.St.,  Chicago,  has  changed  his  address  to 
ISCil   W.  .\inslie  St.,  Chicago. 

KR.vrs.  .\i.bi:rt  E.,  E.E.,  who  is  Factory 
Ifepresentative  for  Chamjiion  Spark  I'liig 
Co.  of  Toledo.  Ohio,  is  now  residing  at 
1\'W  West  Chase  .\ve..  Chicago.  He 
writes  that  he  built  a  new  home  at  the 
.iIh.v,-  a.ldress,  and  is  aliout  to  he  a  pnnid 
I'-'P''- 

.\U«K.  .\i.bi:rt  H..  C.K..  who  is  .Mital- 
hirgi-t  for  Wisconsin  Steel  Co.,  ■.'7(11  E. 
liiiith  St..  Chicago,  has  moved  to  :{1I.". 
W  .  li'Jnd   .Street.  Chicago. 

Nk.m.,  Don.vu)  Joiix.  F.P.E..  who  is 
Special  .Vgent  for  the  National  Fire 
IiiMir.ince  Co..  42  E.  (!av  Street.  Coliiin- 
l.iis.  Ohio,  writes  fliat  he' started  with  the 
Nation.il  in  .(line,  lit-!!),  and  spent  one 
Mar  in  the  Engineering  Dept.  in  Chicago. 
Ill'  and  his  wife  have  been  residing  in 
t  oliinilnis  since  Sept.  I.  liUll.  They  have 
a    baby    boy    almost    one   year    old. 

I'.MTKR.SO.V.     KoilIRT    Ol.SON.    M.F...    who    Is 

S.iles  Engineer  with  the  Powers  Regulator 
to..  Cbicapi.  recently  won  the  I.'j.t  lb. 
wrestling  cham|>ionsbip  in  the  .\inateiir 
Athletic  I'nion  finals  in  Chicago. 

Timhi:ri..\kk,  O.win  CiiARLrs.  F.I'.E.. 
u  ho  is  an  Engineer  with  the  Kentucky 
\ctiiarial  ISureaii.  !)40  Starks  Ifiiilding. 
Louisville,    Kv.,   has    recentlv    chanired    his 


\'.viLn.vT,  Bex,  E.E.,  who  is  with  the 
iiiirgis>  Battery  Co.,  Freeport,  HI.,  mar- 
ried .Miss  N'irginia  I,.  Kader  on  Jan.  4, 
IMll.    ami    will    reside    in    Freeport,    III. 

.MISSING  .MEN 
F(k;i.i:.   Willi.vm    H. 
IIoLL.\.\D,   .Milton    B. 
I*i:tf.r.sox,  Hobkrt  C. 

1937 

Bahtislk.  .Josti'ii  F..  .M.E.,  who  is  an 
Instructor  in  Plant  Trades  at  the  West- 
ern Electric  Co.  Hawthorne  Works,  was 
the  proud  father  of  a  son  born  .\ugust 
Ml.  IMlJi.  He  has  changed  his  address  to 
TIN    N.    Pine    .\venue.    Chicago. 

Mai  KHMEISTIB.     HtRJIAX     OtTO.    CIl.E.,    IS 

1  Patent  Examiner  in  the  I'.  -S.  Patent 
( itlice.  Washington.  D.  C,  and  is  living 
at  U2.-.  Khodc  Island  .\  venue.  N.  W., 
W  ashington,   D.  C. 

Cabroil.  Kexxkth  Frederic.  .M.E..  who 
is  now  .\ssistant  Process  Engineer  for 
1  inde  .Vir  Products  Co.,  East  Park  Drive 
\  Woodward  Ave.,  Tonawanda.  N.  Y.,  is 
residing  at  1975  Delaware  .Xve..  Buffalo, 
N.   Y. 

ClECIlAXOWICZ,        ElGEXE        C>..       C.E., 

structural  Designer  for  the  Solvay 
I'nM-ess  Co..  Hopewell.  Virginia.  He  has 
recently  moved  to  120  Lee  Ave.,  Colonial 
1  bights,  Petersburg,  Va. 

Crappi.e.  ,Iohx  W..  M.E.,  started  work- 
ing as  Inspection  Engineer  for  the  Cni- 
xersal  Casting  Corp.,  5821  W.  (>(itb  St., 
t  hicago,  on  December  18,  1940.  He  i 
married  on  October  26,  1940,  and  lives  at 
I!i3ij   Quincy    St.,   Chicago. 

Damiaxi.  .Toiix  H..  M.F...  is  a  .lunior 
Instructor  (Civilian)  in  the  Engine  Test- 
ing Branch  of  the  .\riny  .Mr  Corps  Tei'h- 
iiical  School  at  Chanute  Field.  Rantoiil, 
Illinois.     His  home  is  also  in  Uantoul. 

t'lERBiB.  NoRTox.  Eng.  Sc.  is  an  Indus 
trial  Engineer  for  the  .\llied  Radio  Cor- 
poration, 833  West  Jackson  Blvd..  Chi- 
cago. His  home  address  is  still  807  Wa 
land    .\ve.,   Chicago. 

GrxTHER,  WrLBERT  M..  F.P.E..  who  has 
been  an  Inspector  with  the  Ohio  Inspec- 
tion Bureau  in  Dayton.  Ohio,  recently 
joined  the  Engineering  Department  of  the 
Springfield  Group  of  Fire  Insurance  Co 
in  their  Chicago  office.  Residence  will  be 
at  41.>1    N.  Kedzie  .\venue,  Chicago. 

Kexuael,  N.\t  S..  C.E..  is  the  Civilian 
Engineer  attached  to  the  Quartermasters 
Corps  supervising  construction  of  the 
huge  Chrysler  tank  plant  in  Detroit. 

Maxdelowitz.  .\be.  M.F...  who  is  Junior 
Inspector  of  Engineering  Materials.  Navy 
Department  (Office  of  Inspector  of  Naval 
.Material)  844  F^ree  Press  BIdg..  Detroit 
Mich.,  has  chansed  his  address  to  1283i 
l.aSalle  Blvd..  Detroit.  .Mich. 

Sri.i.NSKi.     SiGMCxn    J..     C.E..     is     i 
einiiloyed  by  the  Healy  Subway  Construe 
tion    Corp..   221    N.    LaSalle    St.,   Cliicag 
and  lives  at  3910  W.  Barry  .\ve.,  Chicago 

ZiEMAXx.  -VuREn  E..  E.E.,  who  is 
Engineer  G.  E.  X-Ray  Corp..  2012  W 
Jackson  Blvd..  Chicago,  has  moved  to  117( 
S.  Wesley  .\ve..  Oak  Park.  III. 

MISSING   MEN 
HoiTSMA.  Jacob  H. 
.Toiixsox.  Bertil  W. 
I.AXGE.  Robert  N. 
McGr.xth.  Joseph  K. 

1938 

.\rEM1S.    F'.llWARD    Wll.IIAM.    F.P.F...    Is    SI 

lns|iector  for  fix-  Western  Factory  Insur 
anee  .\ssociation.  A-Vl'-i  Barium  Tower 
Detroit.  Mich.,  and  resides  at  U2i;3  Hub 
bell.  Detroit,  Mich. 

CiiELCREX,  William  Jtnn.  M.E.,  who  i: 


50 


ifiii  Till  Fori-man  in  tlie  Rim  Fire  Aiiimu- 
ition  Plant  of  the  Remington  Arms  Co., 
nc,  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  has  recently 
hangi-il  his  address  to  2886  Nichols  Ave- 
ue,  Nichols,  Conn. 
.  Malmfelut,  Carl  S.,  M.E.,  was  married 
n  June  1,  1940,  to  Miss  Lily  Ahlstrom 
nd  is  now  residing  at  43S  E.  Slst  St., 
hicago. 

MoxsoN,  KoxALD,  C.E.,  who  is  Drafts- 
lan  in  Hull  Government  Division,  New- 
ort  News  Shipbuilding  &  Drydock  Co., 
101  Washington  Ave.,  Newport  News, 
'a.,  has  moved  to  400  Cherokee  Rd., 
Hampton,  Va. 

RoDKiN,  David  Bernard,  M.E.,  who  is 
unior      Engineer,      Navy      Yard,      Puget 

(ound,  is  now  residing  at  1148  Hewitt 
venue,  Bremerton,  Washington. 
Jerrv  Daxek.  ChE.,  was  killed  in  an 
\plosion  at  the  plant  of  Edwal  Labora- 
M-ii-.  Inc.,  February  11,  1941.  He  had 
rcii  employed  there  for  about  eighteen 
lonths.  During  his  four  years  at  the 
istitiite  Mr.  Danek  made  a  scholastic 
•cord  well  above  the  average.  He  was 
member  of  Alpha  Chi  Sigma  and  Phi 
ambda  L'psilon.  The  Institute  and  the 
ilumni  sympathize  most  deeply  with  bis 
pung   widow. 

MISSING  MEN 
Close,  II,  R.  G. 
Kreiman,  Sidney  S. 
Sellen,  Charles  E. 

1939 

Derrig,  George  J.,  M.E.,  is  Assistant  to 
echnical  Director  of  the  Buda  Company, 
[arvey,  Illinois.  His  work  consists  of 
impleting  engine  reports,  special  calcula- 
ons  for  particular  engine  application, 
id  preparing  materials  for  laboratorv 
ists.  He  resides  at  1.53.5  Highland  Ave- 
le,  Chicago. 

Harkis.  Charles  W.,  C.E.,  who  is  Cost 
ccountant,  Lee  Bradlev  Linoleum  & 
ile  Co.,  2405  E.  1.5th,  Kansas  Citv,  Mo., 
now  residing  at  3503  Morrell,  Kansas 
ity.   Missouri. 

Miller,  Samuel  P.,  M.E.,  is  in  the 
ngiiicering  Dept.  of  the  Consolidated 
irciaft  Corp.,  San  Diego,  California. 
I'i:ti:h.son.  Carroll  V.,  Ch.E.,  is  Chemi- 
1  I'.iiglneer.  Metallurgical  Dept.,  Car- 
7.'it- Illinois  Steel  Corp.,  Clairton,  Pa., 
i<l  is  residing  at  552  Halcomb  Avenue, 
l.iirtdn.  Pa. 

SwAxsoN,  Edward  R.,  F.P.E.,  who  was 
1  Ins])ector  for  the  Ohio  Inspection 
iiri;iu.  writes  that  on  Jan.  8.  1941,  ho 
ilKti-d  in  the  U.  S.  Navy  Air  Corps. 
\'\N  Alsrurg,  Earl,  M.E.,  who  is  a 
r.'iltsTiian  for  the  Consolidated  Aircraft 
'i|i,,  l.indl)crg  Field,  San  Diego,  Calif.. 
■<s  at  3711  India  Street,  San  Dicffc 
ilif.  He  writes  that  Sam  Miller  -MK 
111  1  I  onard  Holmes  '37,  are  also  em- 
iiyid  in  this  engineering  department. 
Y(MM-,.  Richard  W.,  M.E.,  who  is  Engi 
IT.  D.mly  Machine  Specialties,  Inc.,  210  1 
!iul  St.,  Cicero,  is  residing  at  .521  S. 
iImhi    Ave.,   Lombard,   111. 

MISSING  MEN 
D^vis.   Robert   Allen^.   Ill 
I.iMiAiiL.  John  Carl 
I' VI  111,    .\xTo.v    Stanley 

1940 

Hvii.Ni:,  Charles  .1.,  Jr.,  E.E.,  is  now  a 
ivihipment  Engineer  for  Jefferson  Elec- 
!<■  Co.,  Bellwond,  Illinois,  and  is  residing 
"illl   ,S,  Cliiisti.uia    Ave,  Chicago. 

llnmnN,  Willi  Ml  n.,  .\rch.,  is  now 
"IiKliLiI       DisiiiiiiT       for      Montgomerv 

ml    Co..    1)19    West    Chicago   Ave.,   Chi"- 

L'".  ;ind  resides  at  74()1  North  Ashland 
VCIIIH-,   Chicago. 

tb.iisEx,  George.  C.E..  is  Junior  Stress 
iialyst    for    Glenn    L.     Martin     Aircraft 

'.   Middle   River,   Marvland.      His   home 


address  is  3702  Grecnmoiiiit  .\\e.,  Balti- 
more, Md. 

Pedersen,  Arthlr  Hall,  C.E.,  who  is 
Engineer,  Glenn  L.  Martin  Co.,  Baltimore, 
Md.,  was  married  on  August  24,  1940,  and 
is  residing  at  2900  Hillcrest  Ave.,  Balti- 
more,  Md. 

Wessels,  Delano  Eugene,  Ch.E.,  who 
was  with  George  Kock  Sons,  Evansville, 
Indiana,  left  January  18,  1941,  for  a  year 
of  training  under  the  Selective  Service 
Act.  His  address  will  be  La  Feria, 
Texas. 

SsiiTH,  Roger  K.,  F.P.E.,  reports  a 
successful  four  month  trip  through  Mexico 
and  Central  America  covering  some  4000 
miles  with  a  canteen,  a  butterfly  net, 
plenty  of  enthusiasm,  and  a  motorcycle. 
Newspaper  accounts  of  the  journey  indi- 
cate that  Smith  and  his  companion 
enjoyed  many  "unusual  experiences"  but 
were  more  than  glad  to  be  back  home 
with  a  chance  to  rest.  Smith  is  an 
Inspector  with  the  Michigan  Inspection 
Bureau  and  resides  at  3214  Carter  St., 
Detroit,  Michigan. 

Restaurant 


Block's 

RESTAURANT 

♦ 

FAMOUS  FOR 
STEAKS  AND  CHOPS 

HARRY   BLOCK 

♦ 

I  14-1  16   East  Cermak    Road 


Phone 


CALumet   7230 
CALumet   5442 

FREE    PARKING 


Machine  Products 


0  V  Products 


made   exact   to  speci- 

licstions.    Capacity  CONTRACT 


1   16"  to  2H"- 


MANUFACTURII^IG 


General  6}igimmn^  Porks 

4707^'^- Division  Slnd  ■■  Cnicafip 


Solders   and    Babbitts 


CHICAGO   •    ILLINOIS 

FOR  QVALITY 
SOLDERS,  BABBITTS 


Calumet  4901  Res.  So.  Shore   5129 

ESTABLISHED    1914 

THOS.  J.  MURPHY 

ASH  AND  RUBBISH  REMOVAL 
EXCAVATING  -  CINDERS 

DEPENDABLE    SERVICE 

2236-38   Calumet   Ave.  Chicago,   III. 


Tuxedo    Rental 


Phone  Euclid  2959 

FORMALS  RENTED 

BECKER  TUXEDO  RENTAL  SERVICE 

LATEST  STYLE 

TUXEDOS,  FULL  DRESS  SUITS 

CUTAWAYS    AND    SUMMER    FORMALS 

ALSO  ACCESSORIES 

Student   Rates   25%    Discount 

Fittings  made  at  the  school  two  v.'eeks  prior 


1047  S.  Boulevard 


Oak  Park 


Water  Treatment 


MANllFAflliRrB/ 

Scale    and    Corrosion    Control 

and 

Proportioning 

in 

Aqueous    Systems 

D.  W.  Haering  &  Co..  Inc. 

2308  S.  Winchester  Ave. 
Chicago,  111.  Haymarkel  0246 


NEW  CAMPUS 

(From  page  7) 
(il  knowledge  and  human  welfare 
tlinuijili    fundamental   research. 

"That  these  resources  should  be 
.•ipplied  to  the  training  of  efficient 
personnel  for  industry  .  .  .  not  only 
.IS  undergraduates,  but  also  on  the 
highest  scientific  levels,  through  its 
(iraduate   School. 

"That  the  resources  of  the  Armour 
Research  Foundation  be  applied  to 
the  provision  of  capable  scientists 
and  adequate  equipment  for  the  .solu- 
tion of  industry's  technical  problems 
ill   materials   and  processes. 

"That  the  great  industrial  region 
of  which  Chicago  is  the  hub  requires 
a  'technological  center'  of  and  for  its 
own,  equal  to  the  best  in  the  nation, 
.111(1  th.it  Illinois  Institute  of  Tech- 
nology can  and  will  become  that 
centei-." 

While  early  tin.iiu'iiig  activities  will 
be  centered  l.argely  in  the  Cliieago 
.ire.i.  it  is  pl.iiined  to  provide  timple 
opportunity  for  the  .alumni  to  partici- 
|i.ite  in  this  [jrogram  before  the  close 
of  the  year,  and  developments  in 
this  connection  will  be  announced  in 
Liter  issues  of  Tiik  Ex(:ixi:ki!  .vnd 
.Vi.iMxrs. 


larch,    1941 


51 


35    WEST    33RD    STREET  Imil.liim.        Th,-    |.rojfct     tor    IIk     im  liiu-    is    -.lii.Klf.l    aj;aiiist    liglitniiii;    I 

(From  Daae   121  proM  iiK  lit     .iiiii     (iivclopuiiiit     iit     tin  iiii  .ills    (it     an    ovirhoad    ground    «m 

W'ltlii  rill     priici  ss    of    counttT-gra\  itv  I'ln    transmission  line  conductor  is 

models,  and  this  iiutlmd  has  lurii  usl'.I  ,,,,.,,„,,.   ,ii,.  castinir  of  gray   iron   has  alimiiiiiim  cable,  steel-rcinforccd.  «i 

witil    considerable    siuct  ss    in    i.inn.c  ...ttract.d       much       intcr.st    'and       has  a    cross    section    area   of   .-CiCiOO   (  ^ 

tion  with  turbines  and  valves.  rca.hcd  the  stage  of  iiroduction  in  the  The  (dliimbus  to  Norfolk.  Wins;, I 

The    scope    of    work     in    the     Light  mechanized    pilot    plant.      Other    |)roi  and      Helden      transmission      line      « 

Division    is    indieated    by    the    broadest  ects    during  the    past   year   include    in  similar    to    the     11.5-K\'    lines.    eX(  i 

me.iiiiii^-  of  the    name.       In    its    jiresent  \ cstigatioiis   in   abrasion-resist.ant  met-  that    the    protector    tubes    are    oniitli 

eiilarired     (piarters     this     division     now  als,    e.nitation     erosion,    co.al     be.aters.  and  the  eoiidiii'tor  has  .an  area  of  jr,! 

Ii.indles    r,s<-.areli    iinoKiiig    optics,    il-  .ind    foundry   |iraeliees.  .S{)()   CM. 
lumiiiation.  X-rays  and   .\ray  <iirtrac-            M:in\    of  the   projects   pl.ic.-d   in  the  The    l.oiip   Uiv.r   I'ublii'   Power    Di 

tion        speetro'i-raphv.      .-ind      virtually  hands   of   thi     .\r iir    Kesi  .ircli    I'oiin  iriet   is  iiiiiticd  with  the  two  other  i;" 

every   applicat'ion   of   pbotoirraiibv   anil  'l'>ti"ii   •"•e   of   such   eonti.lential   n.itiir,-  eniment-finaiic.-d     power     projects 

photoirraiihic    processes.    I'.xperimdital  *''•''     ""*    '^ '"    tl"'''    Mibj.-ets    can    b.-  Nebraska.       The       Central       Nebrasl 

work'in    this    field    marly    .-ilw.-iys    re-  •iiinoiineed.     .>^ times  the  .sponsoring  Public    Power   and    Irrigation    Distri 

(iiiires     speci.-il     ixpensixe     eiiiiipmeiit .  eonceni    .isks    that    the    coinp.any    ii.inic  •■iiid    the    Platte    \';dlcy    Public    Pnw 

and    a    comii.ir;iti\  el  v    siniiile    measure-  '"     l^'pt     secret,     for    com])ctitivc    re.a-  and   Irrigation   District.  This  combin 

nient   may   call    for   apparatus   .imimnt  ■'""•^-       '"    "t'"'"    '■■'■"  "^    •'    certain    (lart  tion    is    the    ■'Nebraska    Grid    Systo, 

ill"-  to  several   thous.ands   of  doll.ars    in  '"'   <"■<"   ■dl    of   the    information   g.iiiucl  which   is  composed  of  the  transmis^i. 

.■i"-"-rcirate  value,     .'^ucli  e(iiiipincnt  has  '"■'}     '"'    emitribiited    to    the    scientific  lines    of    the    three    Districts.       It 

.1    loiiii-    life    of   ser\iee,    howexer.       Tin-  literature,    depending   upon    the    wishes  jointly   oper.ited    by    ;i    Ho.ard   of    Ma 

Pese.-irch     Foiindatiim     has     assembled  "f   the   spons,,r.       It   is   recognized   that  ■m'-i-s     whi<-h    e(msists    of    the    gener 

.an    ever-iiicre;isin<;-    .amount    ol'    optical  tre(|nently    the   creation   of   new   things  man.agers   of   the    Districts.      P.y    p.u 

apji.aratiis   which,   by   the   cxelusiini   of  tor  the  Ik  tterinent  of  mankind  c.iii  be  iug    of    revenues,   tlie    Loup    Distru 

standard    roiitini-    testing   work,    is    re-  -ix.  ii      the      necessary      iini)etus      only  mitst.mding     .-t^fl.-iCS.OOO      in      P.W. 

served   for   use  by   industry   ill  rese.ireli  throiiijh      competition,      which      implies  bonds    wire   set    up   in  a   new   finanei 

]irojeets.      Notexvorthy  .among  recently  eonfidential       research.         It      ajipe.ars,  .igr.eineiit   xvith  the  Government.     'I' 

add.-d   piee,  s   is  ;i  preeisi.m  speetropho-  t  li.refor,.    that     in    this    way    the    .\r-  lirst  bonds  come  due  in   lOlG  and  pa 

toiiiet.  r.  one  of  the-  tcxv  iiist  rimnnts  ,,t  i,,,,,,,.     |{,..„..,,.,.||     Poundation    e.in    best  iiKiits    .ire    stepped    up    gradually    f 

its   kind    in    this    part    of   the   country.  ^,.,.^,.    -^^    fast -row  iiii;-    list    of    indiis-  the  next  fiftv-nine  years ;  the  final"  p.i 

Ot    the    various    l.ibor.itories    ot    the  .,.■  ,      .       -ii  i  '     i        •'    .Tr.,>  ■ 

,.,,....  ,  .  tries.  inent  will  he  due  in  200L 

Liflht     Division,    till     one    ot     H-rciti  st  ,,,,       .  -rv-  .   ■  .    i         i 

general    interest    is    probablv    tlie   d.irk- .^ ''^'    ^'°"1'    ^'^*"^'t    ^'    ''"■"    ^'" 

room.     While    not    the    onlx-nne    of    its  LOUP    RIVER  ^^'"^    "'■"    '> '^^''^ '^'^'^    ^^^  ^    ™""'l' 

kind,    this    is    certainly    a  '■last    wonl'  f"""  *'"'  l^'^t  three   winter  months   a 

in     liliotographic     xvorkronnis.        l.ai-e  (From  page  26)  should   have  no  difficulty  in  p.aying  . 

enough   to   accommodati-    sexir.il    oper-  ti  ansmission      line      from      Lincoln      to  its    oblig.atioii    to    the    V.    S.    Goxer 

ators   sinuiltaneoiislx  .   its    benches    .and  Omali.i.  and  .i  (ill  K\  .  (iO-eyelc,  three-  nieiit.       It    has    received    in    grants 

cabinets    are    of    xxliite    .  n.imeled    steel  phase    t r.iiismission    line    from    Colum-  this  time  a  total  of  $3,400,000. 

with    stainhss    ste,  1    workiii-   siirla<-es.  I'lis    to    Nin-folk,    Winside   and   15<lden :  Heccntlv     Mr.     Phil    Hockenbcru. 

The   whit,     walls  atfoni   inaximmn   x  is  •"1.1     substations     located     at     Lincoln.  Armour    Alumnus.    191.5,    was    eb-rt 

il.ility  in  the  dim  illmninatioii  of  safe-  O.nalia      bremont.     Norfolk,     Winside  President   of   the    Loup    River    Piib 

lights.       Divided    into   two    parts    by    a  and    Peldeii.  p^^^.^.^    District,   bv   the    Board    of    I 
partition,   the    room    allows    operations             'lie    1I.)-K\     transmission    lims   arc 

to     be     conducted     ill     li^ht     and     total  biii  It    of    -X  ■  bra.vd    -  H  ■-frame    wood  "''"""■"• 

darkness   .at   the   s.aine    time.       W.ater   to  P"l<'  type  on  t.ingents  .-md  small  .angles 

all   sinks   is  filtered  .and   .adjusted  tlier-  -'i"!     the     e Iiictcu-s     .ire     carried     in  HEALD    AWARD 

mostaticallv    to    the    dcsind    temiur.i-  hori/cmt.il    c'oiifimir.ation,       Kach   struc- 
ture    .111(1    "this      temper.iture      is      read  ture   has  .i  double  cross  , inn   with    filler  1'^'°"'  P^^* 
dircctlx     on    a    di.al    thernnmieter    eon  blocks    .'ind    .■ittaehments     for    the    siis  of   the  consolidation  of  Armour   Ins 
nected   .above   e.ich    sink.      Otliir   built  pi  iisioii   insulators.      Tbi    .ix .  r.ige  sp.iii  tnte    of   Technology   and    Lewis    Ins 
in   features   incliiiie  .i   sp.ieious  <  lectrie  '^   """   lei  t.     The  .iiiiile  de.id  ind   .and  tute  to  form  Illinois  Institute  of  Te 
drying  cabinet  , -ind  .1  till  rmnst.itieb.ith  str.iiii    strnetnrcs    .ir,     sel  f  supporting  nology.      Let  me  explain  that  my  o> 
to     maintain     jiroper     teinperatnres     in  ■'t' el      loxvirs.         Doubh    lireiiit       steel  p;irt    in    bringing   .about    this   combin 
developing  tanks  and  trays.      Printing  toxv.  rs    xven     eonstriieted    on    the    two  tion     w.is      x  cry     small     indeed.       Y 
and    enlariiing    .apii.ar.atus    is    e(|uipped  ii'.iles   .id j.ieeiit    to   tin     Lincoln    siibst.i  prob.ibly     ,ill     know     that     cducatioi 
with   automatic   timing  controls.    I'resh  tion     on     the     (oliimbiis   Lincoln     line.  institutions    .ire    controlled    by    lioar 
;iir  is  circulated  by  f.aiis  .ind  duets.    .\  The     insnl.itors     .in      [lore.  l.iin.     l()"x  of  Trnste,  s.  consisting  of  public  sp 
dark    maze     jiermits    entr.inee     to     the  ■"'  '  i  '   e,ip   .iiid   pin   tyiie.      On   tin     "II"  ited   citizins,  serving  without   compe 
room   without    interruption   of   xxork   in  Iv.ime    xxood    structure    s,xeii    units    .in  s.ation.  ,and  devoting  their  ciiergies 
(irogrcss.      .\   jihotour.ipher's   p.ir.adise.  used    in    suspension,  and   on    slii  I   toxv  their   rcspci'tive   institutiims  solely 
the   d.arkroom    is    (■■iiisl.intlx-    beini;    im  ers   ten    units    in    strain   .iiid    nine    units  the     public    good.       Tin'     members 
proved    to   b.andle    most    eliicieiitly    the  in  siispi  iision   for  e.uli  jiini|ier  loop  on  I'olh    this,      Po.irds.    .mil     p.irticulai 
mass     of     record     jihotogr.aphs.     X-r.ax  th,    ste,  I   toxv,  rs.  xx  h,  r,    |ioxver  condiie-  their  res|Hetixe  Chairm,-n.   .Mr,  .far 
plates,    s])ectrograms.    report    illustr.i-  tors   ,ir,-  il,  .id  ,  ml,  ,1    in   ,  .nil   ilirection.  O-  Cunningh.am  .and    Mr.   .\lex   Hail* 
tions     and     cxperiment.al      films     occ.a-  Protector    tubis    .ire    monntid    on    e.icli  in  ihvcloping  the  |)lan  for  the  merg 
sioned   by  the  m.anv   research   iirojects.  strnctiire    by    .a    ib.inii,  1   iron    support.  "f    Lexxis  .and   .\rmour,   recognized  t 
Uesearch    in    the     Mct.illurgy     Dixi  on,-    tub,      f,ir    ,-.icli    leniliictor.    e\c,  pt  r,sponsibilitics  of  their  trusteeship 
sion    b.is    expand,  d     rapidly    with    th,-  for    .ibout    .i.OOO    f,  ,t    .idj.iecnt    to    the  an   unusual   degn-e.    These  two  iivnt 
addition    of    tin-    exp-riment.al    foundry  siibst.itions      xvlien       th,-      tr.insmission  men     .in      n-.illy     nsponsibh-     for     t 

52  ARMOUR   ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNI 


ombinatioii  aiul  slioiilil  liavt-  tliu 
redit  for  it.  TIrii  too  tin-  coiisolida- 
ion  presented  some  very  knotty  legal 
iroblera.s.  and  here  again  we  were  for- 
unate  in  having  in  the  membershii) 
if  our  Boards  two  attorneys,  Mr. 
oiiis  S.  Hardin  ajid  Mr.  Henjaniin 
Vhani,  wlio  donated  literally  hnndreds 
f  hours  of  \aiual)le  time  to  liriiiii'  the 
jfoeeediiigs  to  a  suei'esstui  coTiehi- 
ion. 

Nor  is  tlie  l>nil)Kiil  of  sueecssf iilly 
(insolid.itiiig  two  old.  w,ll  estahlishell 
lueational  institutions  one  tliat  is 
imited  to  the  aetions  of  their  Boards 
£  Trustees.  Over  100,000  i)eople 
lave  attended  these  two  colleges  in 
he  last  forty-seven  years,  and  these 
ormer  students  stand  in  somewhat 
he  same  position  as  the  jireferred 
tockholders  of  a  business  corporation. 
Vithout  the  acquiescence  and  su])port 
f  most  of  this  group,  the  merger 
roposal  would  have  been  doomed  to 
allure.      The    faculties    too    liave    an 

Iitiportant  interest  in  a  program  of 
his  kind,  and  liere  again,  cooi)eration 
ras  the  order  of  the  day.  In  otiier 
rords,  what  I  am  trying  to  say  is 
hat  educational  institutions  are 
ighly  sensitive  organizations  in  which 
iiany  groups  and  individuals  Jjlay  an 
.'ftremely  important  part,  .ind  cer- 
ainly  no  one  individual  laii  jiossiblv 
ake  tiic  credit  for  an  iducation;il 
onsolidatioii. 

Institutions  of  higher  ediuation. 
rhether  publicly  or  privately  sup- 
JOrted,  exist  to  render  a  service.  Tiiis 
ervice  in  the  case  of  our  institution 
akes   two   closeh-    related    forms ; 

( 1 )  the  training  of  young  people 
or  useful  citizenship  through  prep- 
iration  for  particular  tields  of  busi- 
less  or  professional  activity,  and 

'(-)  the  advancement  of  knowledge 
hrougll  fundamental  and  ap])lied  re- 
earcli. 

Both  Armour  and  Lewis  have 
crved  youth,  industry,  and  the  com- 
iiunity  in  these  ways  for  many  years. 
Uinois  Institute  of  Technology  is 
low  carrying  on  this  service  in  a  more 
ffective  manner.  Just  a  week  ago, 
plan  for  the  future  development  of 
his  new  institution  was  announced. 
^he  completion  of  this  plan  will  pro- 
ide  Chicago  with  not  only  the  l.-irgest 
chool  of  technology  in  America,  but 
vith  the  best.  It  will  render  incal- 
rulabic  service  to  the  industries  with- 
ut  which  Chicago  cannot  continue  to 
;row  and  to  j)rosper.  It  will  insure 
|hc  young  people  of  this  community 
n  opportunity  for  unrxcellid  ticli 
lological  ciliicatioii.  .nicl  its  contribu 
ions  to  r<'M  .irili  will  pnn  ide  new  in- 
nstriis  .ind  ]il,-K-e  iiicre.-ised  eom- 
orts  of  living  witliin  tin  naeli  of 
lore  l)eol)le. 
"This    is    the    kind    ol    .-in    instil  iitioii 

^arch,    1941 


I  \isu.ili/t-  .1^  growing  tinm  the  mer- 
ger of  Armour  ami  Lewis,  and  it  is 
on  behalf  of  this  new  center  of  tech- 
nology that  I  acce))t  the  honor  whiili 
you  have  so  gene  rouslv  bi^towi d 
toniiiht." 


ENGINEERING  STUDENTS,  1940-194! 

(From    page    28) 

next  largest  enrollments  are  at  Pur- 
due, .31.87;  City  College,  New  York. 
3278;  and  Texas  A.  and  M..  :J101. 
High  graduate  engineering  enroll- 
ments are  at  Massachusetts  Institute 
of  Technology,  333  master's.  122  doc- 
tor's; New  York  University.  318 
master's,  23  doctor's;  Illinois  Insti- 
tute of  Technology,  328  master's,  13 
doctor's;    Stevens,   337   masters. 

Engineering  schools  in  the  L'nited 
States  conferred  11,3.58  and  those  in 
Canada  166  first  degrees  during  the 
academic  year  1939-1 9 fO,  a  total  of 
12. .521-.  In  the  same  year  these 
schools  conferred  1326  master's  de- 
grees (1318  in  United  .States)  and 
108   doctor's   degrees. 


BOOK  SHELF 

(From    page    32) 

He  basked  in  perfect  idleness. 

He'd  talk  to  anyone  in  sight 

On  any  theme,  however  trite; 

Revolving  every  side  of  it. 

He'd    chew    and    talk,    and    talk    and 

spit ; 
A  skilled  elucidationist. 

The  lUack  Ihtitcrflu  of  Carl  II. 
(irabo  is  both  the  title  of  his  tine 
(.ollection.  and  that  of  one  jioeni 
within  the  group  of  Hfty-seven.  ]'>y 
the  simple  expedient  of  binding  vari- 
ous selected  poems  between  two  cov- 
ers. Professor  Grabo  has  produced  an 
admirable  addition  to  any  lilirarv. 
Unlike  The  Cock  of  Heaven  and 
Hilltop  in  Michir/an,  these  poems 
have  no  interrelation  other  than  a 
singleness  of  basic  style.  This  unity 
of  style,  however,  is  not  the  boresonie 
ty]ie  that  emanates  from  a  set  and 
prescribed  form.  It  is  r.itlier  .in  ever- 
present  neatness,  precision,  and  direct 
ness.  \'ery  pleasing,  also,  is  the  secure 
feeling  that  the  author  will  never 
|)lunge  beyond  his  depth,  .ind  soon 
will  li.ive  to  muddh'  his  \\;i\  out  witli 
^oln^    uiiwiehh-    jilir.'ise. 


.\  i)hilosoj)her  who  has  tvolved  his 
own  views  on  the  subjects  treated,  tin- 
author  has  the  good  taste  not  to  be 
the  pedant  with  them.  In  general,  the 
poems  of  this  c-oUeetioi,  ar.-  too  com 
|)act  to  allow  tlie  use  of  excerpts. 
However,  two  of  the  shorter,  lighter 
ones  will  show  that  Professor  (irabo 
stimulates  the  reader  without  loss  ol' 
serenity.  This  is  true  whether  he  a]i 
peals   primarily   to   the  senses,  as: 

Dwindling  like  stars  the  street   1mmi|is 

shine 
In  marching  columns,  line  on  liiu-; 

.Swift    borne    by    tail-winds    from    the 

sea. 
The  sky's  aerial  squadrons  flee; 

\\'ith  rush  of  wings  and  lightning  flash 
I'hunder's  emptied  bomb-racks  crash: 

While,  on  the  pavement's  dark  terrain. 
I'liekers   the  musketry  of  rain. 

or.    whether    the    burden    of    the    lines 
is    ])hilosophieal : 

These    limbs    which    well    h.ne    served 
me 
.Soon  I  shall  put  b\- : 
'I'liis  heart,  whi<li  knew    hss  |o\e  than 
pain. 
Then   will   (|uiet    lie. 

Should  I  be  glad,  or  else  lament 

The  fact  that  this  be  so.- 
I'or  whether  life  or  death  be   Ixst 

The  dead   can   never   know. 

It  is  interesting  to  think  u))on  tin- 
dirterence  found  in  these  tlire<-  eon 
tributions  to  modern  poetry.  .Mr. 
.Seymour  departs  noticeably  from  the 
others  in  his  conscious  use  of  uiqiol 
ished  verse,  wherever  such  verse 
would  not  fit  situation  or  character. 
His  nature  is  perhaps  less  that  of  the 
scholar,  who  finds  the  full  life  in  a 
careful  reworking  of  ideas.  H.ad  tin 
j)oets  lived  in  olden  days,  we  might 
picture  Mr.  Seymour  as  a  traveling 
.artisan  who  composed  his  songs  at  the 
end  of  day.  and  played  the  minstrel 
as  he  ])assed  from  town  to  town. 
Professor  Grabo  might  well  have  lived 
as  head  of  the  King's  library.  Hi-, 
late  middle  years  were  given  to  e.-isy 
w;inderings  about  the  (ity.  .-ind  to 
i-lfortless  writing  grounded  upon  dee 
ades  of  stu<ly.  Professor  Olson  might 
lia\f  been  tile  earnest  scholar  who 
studied  ))eople  long  enough  to  ascer 
t:iin  their  li.-diits.  but  whose  j)rincipal 
love  w.-is  till-  host  of  ancient  volumes 
wherein  he  sought  the  .-mswers  to  his 
m;inv    tiiK-stions. 


53 


FOR   THE   COAL   BIYER 
WHO  TAKES  NO  CHANCES 


Some  there  may  be  who  will  buy 
just  one  coal  because  it  has  been 
"satisfactory."  But  the  man  who  takes 
no  chance  of  missing  a  better  buy— 
who  keeps  a  sharp  eye  on  changing 
conditions— that  man  can  find  keen 
interest  in  the  performance  and  cost 
record  of  S-P  coal. 
Ample  evidence  of  low  cost  in  terms 
of  generated  steam  is  apparent  in 
the  hundreds  of  heating  and  power 
plants  that  prefer  onlv  this  master 
refined  fuel.  The  same  wide  and  long 


►  Shaft  mined  from  both  5lh  and  (illi 
veins  in  the  high  quahlv  southern 
Illinois  (ield-and  from  6th  vein,  ^_ 

crnlral  Illinois  district-  l|y 


usage  has  established  its  ability  to 
step  up  boiler  capacities,  smooth 
out  maintenance  troubles,  cut  down 
hour-losses  in  production  time. 
Whether  YOUR  plant  is  hand  or 
stoker  fired  — if  you'd  like  concrete 
facts  on  the  savings  and  efficiency 
of  S-P  coal,  why  not  arrange  now  for 
a  test  of  what  it  can  do.  Our  engin- 
eering service  includes  all  help  you 
may  need  for  an  accurate  cost  study 
under  your  operating  conditions. 


►  Reduced  one  third  in  ash;  raistul  m 
B  I  u  xalue  and  burning  efficiency  by 
Mwster  refining  and  sizing  under  con- 
vtant  laboratory  control. 


PEABODY   COAL  COIVIPANY 

CHICAGO  .  SPRIMGFIELD  •  ST.  LOtIS  •  OMAHA  •  IVIIM\EAPOLIS  •  CIIMCIMMATI  •  MW  YORK 


54 


ARMOUR   ENGINEER   AND  ALUMNI 


^  SAMPLE 
PREPARATION 
EQUIPMENT  IS 
WIDELY    USED 


To  meet  increasing  requirennents  use 
the  AB  MECHANICAL  HOLDER. 
Polish  one  to  six  specimens  simul- 
taneously. The  uniform  light  pressure 
eliminates  metal  flow.  This  truly 
dustproof  polishing  operation  saves 
time     for     the      busy      metallurgist. 

For  extreme  accuracy  in  flatness 
use  the  AB  LEAD  DISC  ASSEMBLY. 
Graphite  boundrles  are  kept  In  true 
dimensional  proportions  and  non- 
metallic  inclusions  are  preserved. 
These  accessories  are  available  for 
all    AB    POLISHING    MACHINES. 

FOR  FURTHER  DESCRIPTION  ASK  FOR  "THE  METAL  ANALYST' 


</fcUpAJ.  ScuMa 

OPTICAL  INSTRUMENTS  •  METALLURGICAL  APPARATUS 
228     NORTH     LA    SALLE     ST.  •  •     CHICAGO      ILL. 


arch,    1941 


55 


ILLinOIS 

mSTITUTE  OF  TECHnOLOGV 


A    CONSOLIOATION    OF    ARMOUR    INSTITUTE   OF   TECHNOtOGY    AND   LEWIS   INSTITUTE 

DAY  AND  EVENING  CLASSES 

^ARMOUR    COLLEGE    OF    ENGINEERING 


^ 


^^ 


The  Undergraduate  Curriculum  provides  lor  a  four  year  program  of  day  study  leading 
to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  ol  Science  in  chemical,  civil,  electrical,  mechanical  and  fire 
protection  engineering  in  chemistry,  physics  and  mathematics,  and  in  architecture, 
The  Graduate  School,  recently  enlarged  as  to  scope  and  facilities  provides  opportunity 
lor  graduate  students  to  obtain  further  specialized  training  in  engineering  and  science 
'jnd  to  pursue  work  for  the  Master's  and  Doctor's  degrees  The  Cooperative  Program. 
as  a  supplement  to  the  regular  undergraduate  instruction  in  mechanical  engineering 
provides  an  opportunity  for  students  of  limited  financial  means  to  complete,  under  the 
live  year  Cooperative  course,  the  regular  four  year  mechanical  engineering  program- 
Evening  Sessions.  Many  of  the  subjects  taught  during  the  day  are  offered  in  evening 
classes  It  is  also  possible  to  complete  by  evening  study  the  v/ork  for  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  ol  Science  in  civil,  chemical,  electrical  and  mechanical  engineering.  Special 
courses  ore  offered  for  students  and  men  in  industry  not  interested  in  degrees;  and  it 
u:  possible,  in  many  cases,  to  complete  graduate  work  for  the  Master's  degree  by 
evening  study. 


^  LEWIS    INSTITUTE    OF  ARTS  AND   SCIENCES 


The  curriculum  provides  tor  study  leading  to  tiic  Baclielor  of  Science  degree  in  t.He 
arts  and  sciences  with  courses  in  biology,  business  administration,  chemistry,  education, 
English,  history,  home  economics  mathematics,  physics,  political  science,  psychology 
and  sociology.  The  courses  in  Home  Economics  meet  the  needs  of  four  groups  ol  stu- 
dents; Those  who  wish  to  study  the  arts  and  sciences  fundamental  to  the  management 
of  the  home;  those  who  wish  to  become  teachers;  those  who  wish  to  prepare  them- 
selves lor  vocations  other  than  teaching;  those  who  may  wish  to  include  in  general 
college  work  courses  having  to  do  with  the  home  and  its  relation  to  the  community 
In  the  department  of  Business  and  Economics,  instruction  is  given  in  accounting,  audit- 
ing money  and  banking  production  monaqement  marketing  advertising,  business 
law  statistics  and  taxation  Pre-Professional  Courses  receive  special  attention.  Courses 
in  Education  amply  meet  the  requirements  lor  an  Illinois  high-school  teachers  certili- 
cate.  Evening  Sessions.  Evening  instruction  in  the  arts  and  sciences,  including  pre- 
prolessional  courses,  special  courses  for  teachers  and  courses  of  general  interest  ore 
offered  on  the  Lewis  campus.  It  is  possible  to  complete,  by  evening  study,  work  lor 
the  degree  ol  Bachelor  of  Science  in  the  arts  and  sciences,  business  administration 
and  home  economics  In  general,  a  varied  program  ol  engineering  subjects  for  degree 
and  sequence  work  is  also  available  on  the  Lewis  campus. 


^ARMOUR     RESEARCH    FOUNDATION 

A  professional  service  to  industry  lor  experimental  engineering,  research  and  develop- 
ment 


H)H   H(  I.LETiyS  Ol    THE   /,V.S7/7(  IE,     (/>/i/>'/ >>l 

(>eneral    Infurmutioii 
Evening    Session- 
r,  r:iilii,Tti-    Cnnr-r- 


IHE  KE(,l>n{tH 

inois    Institute   of   Teclinolo);y 
VM)2  Federal  Street 

(111, hi;,,.    lllin„i- 


56 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNI' 


EVERY  GOOD  ENGINEER  MUST  KNOW  HIS  BEARINGS 


k^u^Mf-^ 


„H6  60»'""- 

TIMKEN 

^il/'/^/^  ^Z7Z//^  BEARINGS 

Manufacturers  of  TIMKEN  Tapered  Roller  Beanngs 
Tor  aufomobiles,  motor  truch,  railroad  cars  and 
locomotives  and  all  kinds  of  industrial  machinery: 
TIMKEN  Alloy  Steels  and  Carbon  and  Alloy  Seam- 
less Tubing;   and  TIMKEN    Rock   Bits. 


.  .  .  for  ( 'lit'shTfit'lds  arc  made  lor  >mi)k(  is  like 
xoiirxlt.  w  itii  llif  llin-o  iinportaiil  lliiiiii>  \(iu  want  in  a 
<ijiarcltr...  \IIII)M:ss.  HITTER  TASTE  and  COOI.I.K  SMOKIM.. 
(JlicsU'iliclds  rijilit  coinliiiialioii  of  [he  worldV  Ih'^I  iij:a- 
n-llc  loliarcos  has  ><>  many  lliin;j;s  a  siimkcr  likes. .. ///«f 
('.licslci licld  is  jitst  luiliiKilly  ((tiled  lite  sni(?hrr's  eiiiarelle. 


0>pvnf;hi  1911.  Lic.r.irr  &  M^FRs  Tobacco  Co. 


ARMOUR' 
E  NGINEER 


AND  ALUMNUS 


j'^^V^*;'^ 


^yM 


""^iS^I  ^ 

— — '' ""  -  ,  -  »-,3Bi 

^^ijLjap 

r^^    •        '^^                                             H      '^P^^ 

HIVS^^^^^'    '^HfllHiV^^^^ 

^^^ja||g|flLi4  Hi^^^^ 

r^U.--  -i^ 

nTfiji"^ 

■^-  ^mm 

.^^S^^HH 

^^H^ 

^is-.: 


MAY,  1941 


^TEAItlTK  is  II  sloirir  ariil  /)riiiliircil  /iv  llic  srlrrll^r  liydro^eiidtion  pnirrss.  By  this  jiroccss  it  is 
k^  pnssihir  to  rontrol  tlie  ratio  of  tlic  \(irioiis  folly  iirlils  /irrsciil  so  lliiil  rorli  lot  lios  ii  iiniforiiiity 
tinohloiniii>lr  in  nllirr  lyprs  of  stearic  arid.  I  roiii  lliv  hii^iiiiiiii'j:.  this  factor  lias  iiiijircsscil  users  so 
fn\'orahly  tlint  Sicnrite  is  in  coiistanlly  increasing  ilrnianil.  Itecenlly  additional  grades  tunc  lieeri 
de\eli>ped  afferinf;  hi<;ber  melting  points  and  lower  iodine  nninhers,  witli  the  result  that  the  uses  h(i\e 
been  still  further  increased.  Manufacturers  in  the  process  iniliislries.  in 
the  riiliher,  plastics,  chemical  ami  other  industries,  are  iii\'ited  to  write 
to  ))  ishuick-'l'unipeer  re<!ardiii<s  the  niiiiiy  applications  of  the  Slcoritcs. 

.^^  A/  IM  I-   K  /(  /(f.KS    l\l>  LM'IIKItKS 

<^W|Tr^,V)      ^'"  '>•"'''    -''■''   '"'"' ^"•-  *  ll"-l"".   HI    Mill-    -I    •  I  li'.M'^".    Irlli.Mi.-    r,.«,r  •  CI,->fL,ii,l,  616  Si. 

^^1^  4>y         <:li"r  A>.-..  N.  K.  •  D.iIIj,-,   I.„,..  1,1(1  1>.,II.,.  N.,ii I  lU.iiL  lluiUliiii;  •  W  n.'..  Mli :  Wile,  Uil  V  Cos 

X^  Cuni|.iiiiy  •■llicri,,».-.T  A.|.h;,li i|,i,i,x  .  I>„iil„,ii,ll,'  C^.rl l'. |.„ii>  •  l'.,r.-i^n  Uiricc,  London,  ling. 

BUY  DIRECT  A.\U  I'JiOtIT  DIRECTLY 


6'B(/ami?us  A/ews 


/UNGiE  /fV£ 

MISSIONARIES  working  among  a  newh- 
discovered  tribe  of  savages  in  Netherlands 
New  Guinea,  wliich  has  many  times  been  called 
one  ot  the  "earth's  remotest  spots,"  had  a  strange 
experience. 

They  invited  natives  into  their  bamboo  hut 
and  turned  on  their  short-wave  radio.  The  tribes- 
men looked  at  one  another  in  frightened  amaze- 
ment. Rev.  C.  Russell  Deibler,  one  of  the  mission- 
aries, says  this  of  what  happened:  "As  thev  heard 
voices  coming  from  the  receiver,  the>  crouched 
over  close  and  jabbered  back,  utterly  bewildered 
where  the  strange  voice  was  coming  from." 

The  missionaries  wrote  their  experience  in  a 
letter  to  Station  KGEI,  G.E.'s  short-wave  station 
in  San  Francisco,  which  sends  its  radio  signal  in- 
to Asia,  using  special  directional  antennas. 


T 


PRESTO/ 


HREE    tiny     looo-watt    mercury    lamps, 
mounted  in  the  new  television  Hoodlight  de- 


veloped b)  G-E  laboratory  engineers,  yield  as 
much  light  as  225  ordinary  60-watt  bulbs.  For 
the  same  amount  ot  illumination  these  powerful 
little  lights  produce  only  one-fourth  as  much  heat 
as  do  incandescent  lamps.  Water  cooling  dissipates 
much  of  the  heat  and  so  makes  possible  the  verv 
small  size. 

The  new  lights  are  equipped  with  motors  and 
gears  for  remote  control,  so  that  they  can  f  illow 
the  movements  of  studio  performers. 

These  tiny  lamps  were  developed  at  G.E.'s 
Lamp  Department  at  Nela  Park,  Cleveland,  which 
each  year  selects  promising  young  engineering- 
college  graduates  from  "Test"  to  train  them  in 
the  lighting  game. 


G 


SPIDERCRAFT 

OULD    you    spot-weld    wire   one    quarter    as 
thick  as  a  human  hair.' 

That's  the  problem  G-E  engineers  faced  in 
producing  filaments  for  thermocouples,  those  little 
super-sensitive  devices  used  in  measuring  high- 
frequency  alternating  currents  or  voltages.  These 
dainty  filaments  are  i  '2000  of  an  inch  in  diameter 
-so  small  that  they  are  almost  invisible  —  and 
have  to  be  welded  into  a  "K"  shape. 

The  work  is  so  tine  that  it  must  be  done  under  a 
microscope,  using  a  pair  of  tweezers  to  hold 
the  wires. 

Ar  Schenectady  there's  a  whole  section  of  the 
(i-E  Industrial  Department  devoted  entirely  to 
\\elding.  Practically  all  the  men  in  this  section 
are  graduates  of  the  Ci-K  Test  Course.  General 
Klectric  Company,  Schenectady,  X.  \ . 


GENERAL  ®  ELECTRIC 


May,   1941 


Vvoncrete  opens  interesting  possibilities  in  the 
way  of  surfaces,  textures,  treatment  of  detail. 

Right  there  is  the  tip-off  on  an  advantage  unique 
with  concrete — design  flexibility.  In  addition,  fire- 
safety,  long  life  and  low  maintenance  are  inherent 
in  this  enduring  material.  And  concrete  effects 
substantial  savings  by  permitting  walls  to  be  cast 
integrally  with  frame  and  floors. 

"The  NEW  Beauty  in  Walls  oj  Architectural  Con- 


crete" (free  in  the  U.  S.  and  Canada),  illustrates 
typical  concrete  surface  textures,interesting  details 
and  complete  buildings.Write  for  your  copy  today. 


•  1  he  Lcnux  Siho.il  for  Boys  at  Lenox.  Mass.,  is  of  reintu 
nstruction  throughout.  McKim.  Mead  &  While  of  Nt 


:oncrele 
York  were 


the  architects:  Pcasleu  &  Wheeler  of  Hampden,  Mass.,  the  contractors 

PORTLAND    CEMENT   ASSOCIATION 

Dept.  D5-4,  33  W.  Grand  Ave.,  Chicago,  III. 
A  national  organization  to  improve  and  extend  the  uses  of  con- 
crete .  .  .  through  scientific  research  and  engineering  field  work. 

ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


Conihibjuhfibu 


Henry  P.  Dut+on  is  Professor  of  Busine;5 
Management;  Chairman.  Social  Science 
Department;    and     Dean.     Evening     Division. 

Ot+o  W.  Hansen  has  been  Engineer  of  Bridge 
Maintenance  for  the  City  of  Chicago  since 
1928.  Previously  he  was  Engineer  of  Bridae  ' 
Design  for  the  City  of  Milwaukee,  and 
Bridge  Designing  Engineer  for  Chicago, 
entering  the  service  in  1913.  Mr.  Hansen's 
college  work  was  done  in  the  architectural 
engineering  department  at  the  Universit') 
of  Illinois,  at  George  Washington  Univer- 
sity,  and    at    Lewis    Institute. 

George  A.  Kelly  is  a  graduate  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Michigan,  with  the  degree  of 
LL.B.  He  Is  a  member  of  the  Illinois  bar 
and  practiced  with  the  firm  of  Winston 
Payne,  Strawn  and  Shaw  from  1908  to  1920. 
In  June  of  the  latter  year  he  became  Gen- 
eral Solicitor  for  The  Pullman  Company; 
s^nce    June,     1934.    he    has    been    Vice-Presi- 


Leonard  J.  Lease  is  Industrial  Co-ordlnator  in 
the  Department  of  Mechanical   Engineering. 

S.  A.  Nock  is  Vice-President  of  Kansas  State 
College.  He  received  his  B.A.  degree  at 
Haverford  College,  his  M.A.  at  Carleton 
and  his  Ph.D.  at  the  University  of  Tartu, 
Estonia.  His  major  research  has  been  in 
Milton.  Doctor  Nock  is  noted  as  a  re- 
viewer and  contributor  to  many  magazines 
and   scholarly   journals. 

Raymond  E.  Or+on,  Chief  Engineer,  Acn-e 
Steel  Company,  is  an  Armour  graduate  in 
the  Class  of  1928.  He  is  the  author  of 
many  authoritative  articles  on  photoelastlc 
analysis  and  other  subjects  relating  to  ma- 
chine design.  More  extended  notice  ap- 
pears in  the  alumni  section  of  the  Marrh 
1941.    Issue.  '    ■ 

Alexander  Schreiber  Is  Public  Relations  Offi- 
er  of    Illinois    Institute    of  Technology. 

Kanardy  L.  Taylor  received  his  A.B.  degree 
at  Eureka  College,  and  the  degree  of  B  L  S 
at  the  University  of  Illinois.  He  has  been 
engaged  In  library  work  for  twelve  years. 
In  1934  he  assisted  In  a  survey  of  libraries 
In  Illinois  outside  of  Chicago.  In  the  same 
year  he  was  employed  by  the  John  Crerar 
Library  as  a  cataloguer,  and  has  served 
successfully  as  Assistant  Reference  Libra- 
rian and  Reference  Librarian.  Mr.  Taylor 
Is  now  Chief  of  Public  Service  and  per- 
sonal representative  of  the  Librarian.  He 
is  the  compiler  of  several  bibliographies 
in  the  reference  series  published  by  the 
John    Crerar    Library. 


ARMOUR 
ENGINEER 

AND  ALUMNUS 


MAY 
VOLUME  6 


1941 
NUMBER  4 


IN  THIS  ISSUE 

PROGRESS  OF  THE  DEVELOPMENT  PROGRAM  4 

THE  COMMERCIAL  APPLICATION  OF  PHOTOELASTIC  ANALYSIS 

By    R.    E.   Orton  '      g 

THE  STORY  OF  PULLMAN,  By  George  A.  Kelly 14 

CHICAGO'S  BRIDGES,  By  Otto  W.  Hansen 19 

BEHIND  DEFENSE,   By  Kanardy  L.  Taylor 24 

THE  DEFENSE  TRAINING  PROGRAM:  A  PROGRESS  REPORT  28 

CHARLES  BEACH  NOLTE  29 

GEORGE  LAWRENCE  SCHERGER      29 

FIVE  YEARS  WITH  THE  CO-OPS,  By  L.  J.  Lease 30 

BETTER    MOUSETRAPS  32 

ILLINOIS  TECH   RELAY  GAMES,   By  Alexander  Schreiber 34 

THE  BOOK  SHELF    3^ 

NEW  TRUSTEE  38 

WILFRED  SYKES  ELECTED  PRESIDENT  OF  INLAND  STEEL       39 

HELP!  HELP!  HELP!  40 

THE  FALL  ENGINEERING  CONFERENCE       41 

FROM  YEAR  TO  YEAR,  By  A.  H.  Jens,  '31      42 


J.  B.  FINNEGAN,  Editor-in-Chief 
A.  H.  JENS,  Alumni  Editor 

Student   Editors 
George   Cooper     Norman    Leitch 
B.   H.   Hooper         Edward   Martinaitis 
Arnold  Jirasek         Alan    Mathieson 
Louis  Wengel 


GRANT  McCOLLEY,  Associate  Editor 
LEE  C.  HIGGINS,   Business  Manager 

Student  Assistants,  Business  Staff 
Robert    Bechtolt      T.  Harnach 
Gordon    Brown         D.   Keigher 


E.   J.    Colant 
W.   J.    Dres 
M.  W.  Fitch 
B.   E.   Flood 


R.    E.    Kubitr 
Charles    Rowbotham 
R.  W.  Smith 
Richard    Van    VIeet 


Published   In   October,   December,   March,   and    May.     Subscription    rate    $1.50    per    year.      Editorial    and    Business    Office 
Engineering  of  Illinois  Institute  of  Technology.  3300  Federal  Street.  Chicago.   Illinois. 


ege    of 


May,    1941 


PROGRESS  OF  THE  DEVELOPMENT 

PROGRAM 


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Plans    for    the    ilc\  clopiiimt's    ciir-  l>uildiii<r  has  hccn  increased  to  ^'.i'.i'l 

rent    phase,  as   orifiinally   outlined   hv  000,  and  a  third  project,  the  erection 

the    jiolicy    committee    of    the    Board,  of  a  Mechanical   Ensjineering  I.ahora- 

of   which   Wilfred   Sykes.  assistant   to  tory   unit,  at   a  cost   of  .$150,000.  has 

the     president     of     Inland     Steel,     is  heen  included  in  this  year's  financins 

ehairnian,     involved    two     projects — a  |)ro<jram. 

Metallurgical     Ennjineerini;     Buildinj;  The    urijency    of    demands    for    i 

to   cost,   equipped.   -t^oO.OOO.   and   the  jianded   quarters    for   Mechanical    Kn- 

I.ihrary    and    Humanities    units,    with  gineerinij      has      heeoine      such      that 

an   estimated   cost   of  -i^l  .018.000.     Hy  deferment   of    this    laboratory    project 

the    Hoard's    latest    action,    the   hiuliret  would       seriously       impede       essential 

fi;r      the      Metalliiriiieal       Kniiiineriiii;  [iroirress    in    tin-    work    of   this    depart- 


Photo   of  a    Model   of  the    New  Cannpus.    Sfate   Street  Is  at   Lower 
Edge.     Thirty-Third  Street  Crosses  the  Model  Near  the  Center. 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


ment,  the  Trustees  were  told  b^-  Mr. 
Sykes  and  James  D.  Cunningham, 
chairman  of  the  Board. 

Simultaneous  with  approval  of  this 
revision  in  the  original  recommenda- 
tion of  the  policy  committee,  the 
Board  authorized  immediate  prosecu- 
tion of  an  appeal  for  the  funds  re- 
quired for  this  construction  as  well 
as  for  the  addition  of  approximately 
.^ijOOOjOOO  to  general  endowment — or 
the  assurance  by  other  means  of  an- 
nual income  sources  totaling  $150,000, 
which  would  represent  the  equivalent 
of  estimated  yield  on  that  amount  if 
invested  at  the  average  rate  of  return 
from   existing  endowment   funds. 

Pursuant  to  this  authority,  Mr. 
Sykes  has  announced  that  plans  will 
be  made  to  launch  such  an  appeal  in 
the  Chicago  area  during  :\Iay.  In  the 
meantime,  plans  for  the  organization 
of  alumni  interest  and  support  in  the 
program,  and  for  a  definite  approach 
to  friends  of  education  and  of  techno- 
logical training  elsewhere  will  also  be 
developed. 

Perspective  and  floor  plans  for  the 
Metallurgical  Engineering  Building 
have  been  completed  bv  Ludwig  Mie's 
van  der  Rohe,  director  of  the'  archi- 
tectural curriculum  of  the  Institute, 
and  are  reproduced  on  these  pages. 

In  preparation  for  the  fund-raising 
effort,  the  Institute's  development  of" 
fice  has  prepared  a  24-page  brochure 
descriptive  of  the  program.  Bound  in 
red  covers,  the  brochure,  "This  Is  Our 
Job,"  is  strikingly  illustrated  with 
photographs  of  classroom  and  labora- 
tory activities,  and  sets  forth  the 
urgency  of  this  great  technological 
center  development  in  the  Mid-West 
in  a  concise  but  convincing  manner. 
This  publication  will  be  placed  in  the 
hands  of  all  prospects  for  gifts  dur- 
ing the  current  phase  of  the  appeal. 

Similarly,  as  an  educational  pre- 
lude to  the  solicitation,  the  special 
committee  of  sponsors  for  small  group 
meetings  of  industrial  and  civic  lead- 
ers in  the  Chicago  area,  under  the 
chairmanship  of  Thomas  Drever, 
president  of  American  Steel  Foun- 
dries, has  been  proceeding  with  its 
program.  As  this  article  is  being 
written,  eighteen  such  meetings  have 
been  held,  with  a  total  attendance  of 
iol  guests,  who  have  listened  to  a 
comprehensive  description  of  the  In- 
stitute's plans  from  President  Heald, 
Mr.  Sykes,  Mr.  Cunningham,  Profes 
sor  John  J.  Sehommer  and  others. 

Mr.  Sykes  has  also  announced  that 
Raymond  J.  Koch,  president  of  the 
Felt  and  Tarrant  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany, has  accepted  the  chairmanship 
of  a  special  committee  which  will  un- 
dertake the  responsibility  for  carry- 
ing  the    appeal    to   a   selected   list   of 


prospects     for     larger     contributions 
toward  support  of  the  program. 

Other  divisions  of  the  campaign 
organization  in  the  Chicago  area  in- 
clude a  special  gifts  group,  a  division 
to  handle  the  general  canvass,  a  pub- 
licity committee  and  a  speakers'  bu- 
reau. John  M.  Rodger,  vice  president 
of  McGraw-Hill  Publishing  Com- 
pany, is  chairman  of  the  publicity 
committee.  Chairmen  of  the  other  di- 
visions will  be  announced  at  an  early 
date,  according  to  Mr.  Svkes. 

\'olunteer  personnel  enlisted  in 
these  divisions  will  total  approxi- 
mately 1,000,  and  through  them  a 
direct  personal  approach  will  be  made 
to  a  list  of  about  10,000  individual 
prospects. 

The  194'1  phase  of  the  development 
is  the  first  in  a  continuing  program 
which,  present  estimates  reveal,  in- 
volves building  and  income  objectives 
amounting  to  a  minimum  of  $3,000,- 
000  for  construction  and  equipment, 
together  with  an  addition  of  some 
$9,000,000  to  endowment,  or  the  as- 
surance of  additional  annual  income 
equal  to  the  prospective  return  upon 
such  an  invested  amount. 

Other  building  projects  included  in 
this  continuing  program  over  the  next 
few  years  are : 

A  Civil  Engineering  and  Materials 
Laboratory 

A  Chemical  Engineering  and  Chem- 
istry  Building 

An      Electrical     Engineering     and 
Physics   Building 
A  Student  Union 

A  Physical  Education  Building  and 
A  Power  Plant. 

Emphasis  upon  the  necessity  for 
this  development  at  the  center  of  Clii- 
cago's  vast  regional  concentration  of 
industrial  enterprise  was  recenth'  em- 
phasized by  President  Heald  in  an 
address  before  the  Chicago  Rotary 
Club,  where  he  discussed  the  subject, 
"Technology  and  National  Defense," 
in  his  capacity  as  regional  advisor  for 
engineering  defense  training. 

Under  existing  conditions,  Mr. 
Heald  j)ointed  out,  the  demands  of 
American  industrj-  call  for  the  addi- 
tion of  at  least  50,000  graduate  engi- 
neers to  the  existing  supply  by  the 
close  of  the  j'car,  whereas  all  of  the 
nation's  engineering  schools  will  grad- 
uate at  the  most  but  slightly  over 
12,000.  For  normal  replacements  in 
the  Ciiicago  area  alone,  he  added, 
1,250  new  engineers  are  required,  and 
with  existing  abnormal  demands  for 
additional  technological  personnel, 
that  total  may  well  be  doubled  at  this 
time. 

Turning  to  the  technological  school 
in  relation  to  the  present  problem,  Mr. 
Heald  said : 

"It   strikes   me   that   too   much   em- 


phasis has  been  placed  on  a  definition 
of  education  as  a  process  of  prepara- 
tion for  what  has  been  called  'life,' 
rather  than  the  development  of  any 
degree  of  vocational  competence.  The 
public  has  been  susceptible  to  most 
any  pattern,  more  or  less  traditional 
in  nature,  of  an  extended  educational 
program.  It  has  believed  that  the 
greatest  single  factor  making  for  indi- 
vidual security  is  education.  Unfor- 
tunately, the  experiences  of  millions 
of  Americans,  including  a  large  per- 
centage of  youth,  during  the  last  ten 
years  have  not  borne  out  this  belief. 
Many  who  had  this  educational  ex- 
perience discovered  that  it  has  ques- 
tionable connection  with  personal  se- 
curity. Now  it  would  appear  that 
emphasis  is  shifting  from  merely  ex- 
tended education  to  education  which 
is  functionally  related  to  an  under- 
standing of  occupational  life  and  com- 
petency. 

"The  technologically  trained  man 
for  years  has  been  regarded  as  a 
pretty  good  person  to  have  around 
when  needed.  He  was  welcomed 
when  there  was  a  bridge  to  be  built 
or  a  machine  to  be  designed,  much  in 
the  same  manner  that  one  welcomes  a 
plumber  when  the  bathroom  pipes 
have  sprung  a  leak.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  man  who  equipped  himself 
with  nothing  more  than  a  general  edu- 
cation has  managed  to  win  recogni- 
tion for  himself  as  'good  company,'  at 
least. 

"However,  this  casual  indifference 
toward  the  engineer  has  changed,  al- 
most overnight,  it  seems  to  me,  into 
an  intense  interest.  Americans  have 
suddenly  been  awakened  to  the  fact 
that  our  urgently-needed  develop- 
ment of  material  resources  is  de- 
pendent upon  our  technologically 
trained    human    resources.   .   .   . 

"In  connection  with  defense  many 
people  have  been  talking  about  the 
value  of  general  education  and  cul- 
tural attainments  as  builders  of 
morale.  There  can  be  no  doubt  tliat 
education,  in  every  real  sense  to 
which  that  term  can  be  applied,  is  an 
aid  to  the  creation  and  maintenance  of 
morale,  just  as  ignorance  tends  to- 
wards its  destruction.  At  the  same 
time  I  cannot  but  feel  that,  for  myself 
at  least,  it  would  prove  a  great  morale 
booster  to  know  that  our  country  has 
an  adequate  s  u  p  ])  1  y  of  engineers, 
scientists,  production  experts  and 
skilled  workmen,  api>lying  themselves, 
in  industry  and  in  government  to  the 
task  of  providing  our  forces  witli  the 
best  fighting  tools  that  can  be  pro- 
duced anywhere  in  the  world." 

EDITOR'S  NOTE-  Alumni  desiring  copies  <l 
•This  Is  Our  Job,"  m.iy  obtain  tame  by  writing 
t.i  Tin-  Dcvelopmint  Office.  Illinois  Institute  of 
TcchnoloRv,  :»  W.  Monroe  St..  Chicago,  III. 


May,  1941 


^SfffflKP 


Perspective  (Above) 
Metallurgical  Enginee 


I  R  ST       P  LOOK 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


>r   Plans  (Below) 
ding. 


1  UPPER    PiRT    or 
[EXHIBITION      HALL 


I  fl  ll  fl 


NTS 


UPPER        PART        OF         •=.  H  O  P 


5EC0N0       FLOOR 


May,  1941 


THE  COMMERCIAL  APPLICATION  OF 
PHOTOELASTIC  ANALYSIS 


By 
R.   E.  ORTON 

,;,,/„■  ,s7,v/  (,>. 

(  huaijii 


Tllr     pIlclto-Llslic     lllrtl.od     (if     str.ss 

.inalysis  is  luiw  av.iil.ihlc  to  tlu'  (icsiiiii 
fiif;iii<<'"-  Siniplificatioii  in  ai)paratiis 
and  in  tin-  ticliniqui-  of  niodtl  iiiakinii- 
has  rcducfd  tlic  cost  to  coniinercial 
levels.  The  applieatioii  has  lieen  e\ 
tended  beyond  the  general  analysis  ol 
fillets,  notches,  and  other  "stnss  eon 
centrations,"  to  tile  desiiiii  of  specific 
parts.  Tiic  purpose  of  tiiis  paper  is 
to  brinj;  to  the  attention  of  the  nader 
the  possibility  of  the  ajiplication  ol 
photoelastic  analy.sis  to  his  dcsii;ii 
work,  rather  than  to  give  :i  eoniprc 
hensive  discussion  of  theory  and  ))rae 


ilrcad\ 


b.M'll 

rernl 


ul'    tlir    Land 
in     I'in.     1     IS 


tice.  This  latter  li.is 
covered  by  the  writi 
series  of  articles.' 

The  jaw  and  puncl 
sealing  tool  illustrate( 
typical  of  the  parts  to  which  this 
method  of  stress  analysis  is  .■ipplic 
abh-.  This  tool  is  used  to  Join  tin 
entls  of  steel  strapping-band,  ;is  shown 
in  the  middle  portion  of  the  picturi  . 
On  the  right  is  a  band  with  seal  in 
|)lace  and  on  the  left  the  seal  has  Ik  (  n 
closed  by  the  tool.  In  o|)erati(ni  llir 
Jaw  members  force  the  seal  .ind  band 
up  against  the  punch  niiinbri-s.  Tlir 
direction,  location,  and  \.iln(  ol  tin 
forces  on  these  punch  .and  jaw  mini 
bers  may  be  determined  by  elenn  iitary 
considerations  of  niechanii's.  Ilowivcr. 
neither  by  eonvention.al  methods  of 
analysis  nor  by  the  theory  of  (  l.is 
tieity  can  even  .i  reason.able  .approxi 
niation  be  made  of  the  slnsscs  sit  np 
by  these  loads.  .Sinii  tin  s(  p.irts  l.iil 
by    fatigue    it    is    not    praitical    to   di 


'.\l.\lin.\K    DI-.SIC.V.    M.iich 


JmIv.    \'j 


FIG.  I  —  Band-sealing  tool  with 
sealed  and  unsealed  joint.  Cover 
plate  and  one  jaw  have  been  re- 
moved from  tool  on  right  to  show 
construction. 


Ici-niinc  llie  sietiiui  by  trying  out  ■.\ 
few  experimental  tools.  .Vs  a  result 
these  devices  were  tooled  up  and  in 
the  field  for  almost  a  year  before  it 
was  definitely  known  that  they  weri 
s.itisfactory.  Even  then,  if  some 
<hange  were  made  in  the  band  or  si  .il 
stock  which  would  increase  the  lo.id. 
no  definite  f.iilure  ])rediction  eonld 
be  made.  This  frequently  led  to 
costly     and     disastrous     results.     Tin 


.'ipplle.'itioii  III  pliotiiel.'istic  analysis 
has  solved  this  |)roblein.  Over  five 
tools  of  this  type  have  since  been  de 
veloped  and  placed  in  the  field  with 
no  failure  experience  whatever.  More- 
i)\er,  failures  in  a  number  of  old  tools 
lia\e  been  eliminated. 

Typical  of  aiiotlu  r  .ipplic.ition  is 
the  curved  link  shown  with  its  niodtd 
in  Fig.  2.  together  with  its  photo 
il:istie  jiicture  in  Fig.  .'i.    While  a  fair 


PUNCH -^     txJAW 


B 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


FIG.  2  (Left)— Curved  link  with  its 
model.  Pho+oelas+Ic  picture  pro- 
duced by  the  loaded  model  Is 
shown   in   Fig.  3  (Above). 


approximation  of  tlie  stress  in  this 
piece  may  be  obtained  by  the  theory 
of  elasticitj',  tlie  computations  are 
quite  tedious  and  time  consuming.  In 
addition  tliere  is  always  the  possibility 
of  an  error  in  Ions''  computations  of 
this  nature.  Photoelastic  analysis  is 
a  simpltr  and  easier  metliod  of  deter- 
niinino;  the  stresses. 

Three-  dimensional  piiotoelastic 
stress  analysis  is  still  in  the  laboratory 
stage.  The  commercial  application  is 
therefore  limited  to  plane  stress.  It 
.should  be  ))ointed  out  in  this  connec- 
tion that  many  cases  of  three-dimen- 
sional stress  may  be  reduced  to  plane 
stress,  with  a  superimposed  third 
stress  whose  effect  may  be  separately 
considered.  O.  J.  Horger  of  the  Tim- 
ken  Bearing  Company  has  made  ex- 
cellent use  of  this  in  his  anah'sis  of 
the  effect  of  press  fits  on  the  stresses 
in  railroad  axles. - 


.Since  essentially  [jhutoelastic  .ui' 
ajysis  is  an  experimental  a|)plication 
of  the  theory  of  el;isticity.  a  brief  in- 
troiiuetioii  to  the  theory   will  be  given. 

l-'lastii-  tluiiry  is  Ixiilt  up  on  two 
basic  assumptions.  I'irst.-  -there  can- 
not be  an  abrupt  change  in  stress  be- 
tween two  adjacent  points;  and  sec- 
ond,— there  likewise  cannot  be  an 
abrujjt  change  in  the  strain.  The  stress 
distribution  in  a  perfectly  elastic  ma- 
terial, that  is.  one  in  which  Hooke's 
Law  is  completely  satisfied,  is  built 
up  on  tliesc  two  assumptions  with 
matiieniatical  exactness.  Tiiis  means 
tiiat  the  conventional  methods  of 
strength  of  materials,  if  at  variance 
with  elastic  theory,  are  incorrect.  It 
will  surprise  many  to  realize  that  the 
general  theory  of  beams  is  based  on 
such  assumptions  as, — "experience 
teaches  that  when  a  beam  deflects  .  .  . 
•any  two  parallel  vertical  straight  lines 
drawn  on  the  beam  before  flexure  rc- 


iiiaiii  straiiiht  after  flexure..."'  From 
this  is  drawn  tile  conclusion  of  tiie 
line.ii  distribution  of  the  bending 
stresses.  It  so  happens  that  this  as- 
sumption is  sufticienth-  close  to  the 
I'orrect  one  to  satisfy  design  require- 
ments in  the  usual  case.  However,  if 
the  member  is  curved,  unusually  short, 
or  has  any  other  departure  from  a 
straight,  relatively  long  beam,  this 
assumption  mav  be  widely  in  error. 
^^  bile  mathematical  theory  will  fur- 
nish the  correct  solution  for  many 
speci.il  shapes,  it  becomes  impractical 
nil  .111  irregular  outline.  In  tiiis  field 
|}ropirly  belongs  the  experimental 
method  of  j)hotoelastic  analysis. 

There  are  two  other  essential  points 
to  be  obtained  from  clastic  theory  in 
order  to  understand  the  photoelastic 
method.  The  first  of  these  is  the  vari- 
ation of  stress  with  change  in  the 
direction  of  tiie  plane  upon  whicii  tin 
stress  is  being  considered. 

l"ig.  t  illustrates  the  general  ease 
of  stress  on  an  elemental  prism  ori- 
ented par.allel  to  the  X  and  Y  axes. 
There  are  two  normal  stresses  Ss  and 
.S,,  and  two  shear  stresses.  Since  the 
shear  stresses  are  eqaal  in  value, 
although  ojjposite  in  direction  of  rota- 
tion, then'  are  but  three  stresses  to 
cv.iluatc.  Rotation  of  tlie  elemental 
prism    changes    the    values    of    these 


EU- 


crrimans  MECH.'lXlC.S  OF  MATERr.ALS. 
■nth    Kdilion,   P.lgi   fls. 


May,   1941 


FIG.    4 — General     case    of    plane 
stress  on  an   elennen+al   prism. 


Friction  load  on  Normal  load  on 

ihefaceofthe  the  face  of  the 


FIG.  5  —  General  condition  of 
loading  and  stress  on  an  elemental 
prism  having  one  face  In  the 
boundary. 


str.-ssi-s.  li.u-.irclirs.s  of  tiic  initial 
\aliics.  twi>  niutiially  jHrpiiidii'ular 
liircctioiis  will  always  he  found  wlicrr 
the  shear  stress  will  vanish.  'riusc 
positions  of  the  prism  ari-  tirniid  the 
"princip.il  directions."  The  normal 
stresses,  whieh  are  tiie  same  for  both 
positions,  .are  termed  the  "principal 
stresses."  The  principal  stresses  will 
he  the  maximum  and  minimum  norni.il 
stress  for  any  direction. 

The  j)hotoelastic  ^jicture  is  com 
monly  spoken  of  as  a  stress  (jattern. 
.\(tnally  tin-  photoelastic  fringes  .show 
the  dill'erenee  in  the  (jrincipal  stresses, 
r.ither  than  the  .actual  stresses  them 
selves.  Thir(  .in  .i  numlier  of  experi- 
mental -.iUi]  m.atheniatical  metliods  for 
determining;  the  sum  of  the  ))rincip.il 
stressis.  With  the  sum  and  the  difTer 
i-nci-  th(  stresses  themselves  may  he 
determined.  However,  the  use  of  .any 
one    of    thist-    methods    entails    an    ex- 


Fi Iter  and  Condensinq  Lens 
Mercury  Vapor  Lamp 


Quarter  Wave  Plates 

Analyzer 

Projectinq  Lens         A 


FIG.  6 — Polarlscope  with  component  parts  Indicated. 


Iirnditure  of  tinir  .-uhI  energy  that  is 
not  .■i\ailable  for  eonnuercial  work. 
I'ortnnately.  knowledge  of  the  stresses 
within  the  body  is  not  necessary  to 
(leterniine  the  strength  of  a  part.  I'or 
ninny  reasons  the  stress  at  the  hoiiii 
d.iry  is  all  that  is  required.  In  the 
usual  conventional  analysis  all  that  is 
ever  found  is  the  boundary  stress. 
From  consideration  of  the  "hoiind.ary 
conditions,"  the  second  point  to  be 
obtained  from  elastic  theory,  the  sur- 
fiee  stresses  may  easily  be  found 
|)liotoelastically. 

The  stresses  at  the  surf.iee  of  .in 
elastic  body  must  balance  the  .ipplied 
forces.  The  condition  of  an  clenuntal 
prism  with  one  face  in  the  bound.iry 
is  shown  in  Fig.  .5.  Mathematieally 
the  bonnd.ary  condition  st.ites  that  the 
norni.il  stress  perpendicul.ar  to  the 
bound.iry  (((iials  the  norni.al  load  ap- 
pliiil  to  the  boundary,  and  that  the 
slie.ir  stress  parallel  to  the  boundary 
e<|ii,ils  the  a))j)lied  shear  lo.id.  Obvi- 
ously the  above  must  be  true  or  the 
prism  would  not  be  in  a  state  of 
<(|nilibriuni.  The  normal  stress  par- 
.illel  to  the  bound.'irv  ni.iv  h.ive  ;inv 
v.ili.e. 

.\t  .1  point  on  .a  free  boundary,  that 
is.  one  to  whieh  no  lo.ad  is  api)lii'd, 
tluri-  is  no  slie.ar  lo.ail  .and  therefore 
no  she.-ir  stress.  The  priiieip.il  ilirre 
lions  then  .-ire  )i.'ir.il  lei  .iiul  prrpeii 
ilieiil.ar  to  the  boiiiid.irv  .  .\loreov.r. 
siiiee  there  is  no  nonii.il  lo.ad  the  per 
peiidieill.ar  ])riiicip.il  stress  is  ei|ii.il  to 
Zero.  Therefore  the  only  priiiei)i,il 
stress   is   the  one   parallel    to   the   boiiii 


(l.iry.  The  dirterenee  in  the  principal 
stresses,  then,  is  equal  to  the  parallel 
stress.  Therefore  the  photoelastic 
method  determines  the  stress  at  any 
point  on  a  free  boundary.  The  stresses 
.it  a  point  on  a  loaded  boundary  may 
be  determined  by  consideration  of  the 
relationship  between  the  principal 
stresses  and  the  stresses  in  any  other 
direction. 

The  o])tieal  fringe  pattern  is  ob- 
tained by  passing  polarized  light 
through  a  transparent  plastic  model 
of  the  part  to  be  analyzed.  I'ig.  G  is 
•an  illustration  of  apparatus  suitable 
for  commercial  work.  The  names  of 
the  various  jiarts  are  shown.  Essen 
ti.illy  the  phenomenon  is  one  of  o))tie,il 
interference.  Putting  it  in  untechnieal 
language,  the  light  ray  at  any  p.artic- 
ular  point  in  the  model  is  split  into 
two  components  which  are  then  ori- 
ented so  that  one  lies  along  one  prin- 
ei|)al  stress  and  the  other  lies  in  the 
other.  If  one  of  the  stresses  is  ten- 
sion that  ray  component  is  speeded  up 
])roportionally  to  the  value  of  the  ten- 
sion. If  it  is  compression  it  is  slowed 
down  proportionally.  One  ray  coni- 
poiunt  will  then  emerge  from  the 
model  ahead  of  the  otiier  by  an 
amount  which  is  proportional  to  the 
.•ilgebr.aic  difference  of  the  principal 
stressis,  and  to  the  length  of  the  path 
tr.iversed  through  the  model.  These 
two  components  are  then  brought  to- 
gether and  iirojectcd  on  a  screen  by 
me.ans  of  the  lenses  shown  in  Fig.  fi. 
'I'hc  apjiaratus  is  so  arranged  that  it 
normallv    brings    the    components    to- 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


FIG.  7 — Simple  beam  stressed  by  concentrated  load 
applied  with  music  wire.  This  is  excellent  check  on 
accuracy  of  photoelastic  work. 


gctlu-r  exactly  liiilt  a  wave  lenntli  out 
of  position.  That  is,  if  the  stress  dif- 
ference is  zero  the  wave  components 
will  completely  interfere  with  each 
other,  producing  darkness  at  that 
point  on  the  screen.  If  the  stress 
difference  is  such  that  the  split  waves 
are  moved  a  wave  length  out  of  posi- 
tion the  light  will  again  be  completely 
destroyed.  For  any  intermediate  stress 
difference  light  of  varying  intensity 
will  be  produced.  If  the  stress  dif- 
ference is  such  that  the  ray  compo- 
nents are  a  half  wave-length  out  of 
position,  maximum  light  will  be  pro- 
duced. Thus  each  fringe  indicates 
some  integral  wave-length  displace- 
ment, and  therefore  a  definite  step  in 
the  value  of  tlie  jirincipal  stress  dif- 
ference. 

The  stress  difference  required  to 
produce  one  wave-length  displace- 
ment of  the  ray  components  may  be 
determined  by  loading  a  simple  ten- 
sion specimen.  In  such  case  the  prin- 
cipal directions  are  parallel  and  per- 
pendicular to  the  loading  direction, 
and  the  perpendicular  principal  stress 
is  zero.  The  value  of  the  other  prin- 
cipal stress  is  equal  to  the  model  load 
divided  by  its  area.  The  calibration 
value  per  fringe  is  then  obtained  by 
dividing  by  the  number  of  fringes 
that  apj)ear  in  the  loading. 


I'ig.  7  is  .-i  photoelastic  picture  of 
the  middle  portion  of  a  simple  beam 
under  a  single  concentrated  load.  The 
vertical  dark  band  at  the  center  is 
from  tile  loading  wire.  The  zero 
jxiint  is  determined  by  observation  of 
the  development  of  the  picture  on  the 
screen  as  the  load  is  applied.  A  "zero 
point"  is  a  point  of  zero  stress-differ- 
ence and  not  of  zero  stress.  Sufficient 
other  control  points  are  determined  in 
this  waj'  to  permit  writing  in  all  other 
fringe  values,  as  has  lieen  done  on 
this  ])hoto.  Knowing  the  value  for 
each  fringe  from  the  calibration  it  is 
})ossible  to  obtain  the  stress  difference 
at  any  point  from  the  fringe  number. 
From  the  boundary  condition  the 
stresses  along  the  bounilary  are  then 
easily  calculated. 

The  above  determines  the  stress  in 
tile  model.  The  question  may  now  be 
raised  as  to  whether  this  is  the  same 
as  the  stress  in  a  ))art  of  some  other 
material.  Within  certain  limitations, 
generally  of  little  or  no  importance, 
it  is.  Therefore  the  stress  in  a  mein- 
lur  being  analyzed  with  a  full  size 
model    is    equal    to    the    model    stress 


multi])lied  by  the  ratio  of  the  actual 
load  to  the  model  load.  If  it  is  a 
scale  model  it  is  necessary  to  first 
convert  to  an  imaginary  full  size 
model  by  nudtiplying  the  loads  on  the 
actual  model  by  the  reciprocal  of  the 
scale.  By  a  little  simple  arithmetic 
the  quantitative  determination  of  an 
.letual  piece  part  may  be  made. 

Model  material  as  received  is  cut 
across  its  face  similarly  to  a  disc  cut 
from  a  log.  The  first  step  in  making 
the  model  is  to  cut  out  a  rectangular 
block  somewhat  larger  than  the  final 
outline.  This  block  is  then  polished 
cm  a  metallographie  polishing  machine 
using  a  sjiecial  sanding  paper  and 
finally,  metalhigr.iiihie  polishing  pow- 
der. Twenty  minutes  is  usually  suf- 
ficient to  bring  the  block  to  the  clear- 
ness of  a   piece  of  window  glass. 

Annealing  is  necessary  In  order  to 
remove  initial  pattern.  Higher  tem- 
peratures are  recounnended  for  com- 
mercial work  than  is  common  practice 
ill  tile  laboratory.  This  greatly  short- 
iiis  the  time  required  to  anneal  and 
also  tends  to  stabilize  the  material. 
Fig.     S     illust  rates     a     semi-automatic 


Insvhhon  Board  Bolted  to 
Overall  Imulclion  Cover  ^ Qy^n  Lid 


^ 


L 


'^iretiandlfi— 


\,IniuldionBoarcti 
'i' 


% 


^   to  /iaufTiulator  to  Support  Thermital 
\   Bulb-Btilblnsolated  frorTallKetal^ 


IS 


IS6a;^-fielded  Sheet  itftlOitrt 
ljcl-i^na/i(^.at Ends  Only 
to  Reduce  Rodiathn 

iccumuhtor  Ud-Welded  Slixl 
^hPc&Wxil" 
l-fi.6'\!i'f.T' 
Dial  Thermometer^ 


Jhermastat 

Holes  Plu^^  With  Asivitos 
Swtch,  >Mtti 
Pilot  Lijht 

18  &f  f  Weldid  Sheet  Steel 


FIG.  8 — Construction 
of  annealing  oven 
suitable  for  treating 
models  for  photo- 
elastic   analysis. 


i^ Inflation  Board 


May,  1941 


FIG.  9  (Above) — Straining  frame  with  nnodel  in 
place  with  turnbuckles  and  spring  balances  for 
applying  loads. 


FIG.    10    (Above,    Right}— Ring    loaded 
with    a    uniform    external    pressure. 


FIG.     I  I    (Below,    Right)— Close     up    of 
ring  of  Fig.    10,  showing  loading   bands. 


iiMij  that  iii.iv  1)1-  constructed  at  a 
reasonable  cost.  Tlic  appar.itus  is  so 
dtsif^ned  that  it  may  be  turned  on  and 
left  for  five  or  six  liours  to  come  to 
temperature,  at  which  time  it  i.s  dis- 
lonneeted  and  allowed  to  cool  by 
itself.  The  model  may  be  removed  in 
'  i^ditei  ri  to  twirity  hours  if  needed. 
.dthouLjh  thirt\  to  thirtv  six  is  pre- 
ferred. 

I  sual  I  iiiiini.  rei.il  j)ractiee  in  model 
lii.ikinfr  is  to  cut  with  jijr  saw  to  about 
I  If.  inch  outside  the  final  outline. 
N^iM;;  .1  fnt  saw  blade.  'I'Ik  model  is 
tli(n    tiled    in    the    jijr    s;iw.    or    milled 


12 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


oil  tlic  drill  press,  to  final  outline. 
Holes  may  be  drilled  and  reamed  witli 
the  production  of  little,  it  anj-,  pat 
tern  if  the  drill  is  run  throufich  at 
slow  speed  and  kept  cool. 

An  effective  and  economical  strain 
ing  frame  is  shown  in  Fig.  9.  Loads 
are  applied  with  high-grade  spring 
balances  through  suitable  levers  and 
wires.  A  total  of  five  loads  has  been 
applied  to  the  model  shown  in  Fig.  9. 
Three  are  measured  bj*  the  spring 
balances,  the  other  two  are  statically 
determined  reactions  from  these  thnc. 
F'igs.  10  and  1  1  are  jihotos  of  a 
ring  under  uniform  external  pressurt'. 
The  pressure  was  secured  by  the  re- 
action of  tw'o  thin  steel  bands, 
through  a  rubber  liner,  against  the 
ring.  The  bands  passed  each  other  at 
the  ISO-degree  points  by  means  of 
two  slots  in  the  wider  band.  By  this 
,  means  a  pressure  of  706  pds.  sq.  in. 
:  was  applied  to  the  model.  Photo 
i  elastic  pictures  and  discussion  of  the 
stress  pattern  will  be  found  in  an 
article  on  hollow  cylinders  and  shrink 
fits,^  part  of  a  series  on  elastic  theory. 
It  is  not  necessary  to  reproduce 
exactly  the  actual  method  of  loading, 
unless  the  stresses  in  the  immediate 
vicinity  of  the  load  are  required.  .\s 
long  as  tile  system  applied  to  the 
model  is  statically  equivalent  to  the 
actual  loading,  the  stress  away  from 
the  vicinity  of  the  load  will  be  the 
same.  Recognition  of  this  will  fre- 
quently simplify  the  setup. 

It  is  good  practice  to  take  photos 
of  all  analyses.  This  permits  of  a 
check  on  the  original  observation  and 
serves  as  a  record  for  future  reference. 
No  special  technique  is  required.  Any 
suitable  camera  focusing-back,  ar- 
ranged for  film  jiaek,  will  serve. 
Standard  ortliochromatie  film  with 
tank  development  is  satisfactory.  En- 
largements of  five  to  seven  diameters 
may  be  obtained  directly  on  the  nega- 
tive. If  desired  this  negative  may 
then  be  enlarged  several  times.  Re- 
productions as  high  as  twenty-five 
diameters  have  been  obtained  in  this 
Way.'  This,  of  course,  requires  great 
care  in  polishing,  focusing,  etc.  Fig. 
12  is  a  six-diameter  enlargement  of 
the  crotch  of  a  sealer  jaw.  The  fine 
fringes  are  only  .001  to  .002  inch  in 
width. 

This  paper  would  not  be  complete 
without  some  discussion  of  the  com- 
mercial importance  of  possible  errors. 
Unquestionably  the  most  troublesome 
error  is  "edge  effect."  This  phenom- 
enon appears  to  be  due  to  the  drying 
out  of  the  edges  of  the  model,  with 
the  production  of  a  pattern.  If  con- 
ditions are  right  this  may  merge  with 
the  stress  pattern,  leading  to  cr 
roneous    conclusions.     Tiu-    effect    c.in 

'NrACHIXE  DESIGN.   ^^.^^-,   1041. 


FIG.  12 — Photoelastic  pattern  of  the  crotch  of  a  sealer 
jaw.     Enlargement  is  six  diameters. 


be  eliminated,  or  at  least  greatly  re- 
duced, by  speed  in  the  handling  of 
the  model  after  filing.  The  effect  is 
seldom  of  much  importance  at  low 
iiiagnifieations,  the  ()enetratioii  being 
only  .007  to  .015  of  an  inch.  Where 
large  magnifications  are  used  to  bring 
out  fine  detail  it  may  completely  ob- 
literate the  stress  pattern. 

Some  little  discussion  will  be  found 
in  photoelastic  literature  of  the  effect 
of  strain  and  optical  creep.  It  has 
been  the  writer  s  ex])erience  that  this 
is  of  little  iniportaiicc  in  coniniereial 
work  as  long  as  the  loading  is  kept 
within  limits  and  the  observations  are 
carried  out  without  excessive  delay. 

The  calibration  value  changes  with 
temperature.  In  the  case  of  the  Bake- 
lite  plastic  commonly  used  this  change 
.imounts  to  approximately  one  per  cent 
for  every  ten  degrees.  The  writer's 
work  has  been  carried  out  in  an  air- 
conditioned  room  with  a  fairly  uni- 
form temperature.  In  case  of  wide 
ranges  corrections  can  easily  be  made. 
The  temperature  effect  is  so  many 
times  this  with  some  of  the  other 
photoelastic  plastics  tii.it  it  e.innot  In- 
ignored. 

F.xperimeiits  indicated  that  it  wa> 
neeessarj'  to  grossly  misalign  ap])ar.i 
tus  to  produce  an  appreciable  error  in 
tlie  })attern.  Tiic  same  was  found  to 
lie  true  of  eecentvieity  of  tlie  .•i)i)ilii'.i 


tion  of  the  load,  lu  i)otii  eases  it  was 
found  tiiat  wiieii  tiiere  was  sufficient 
inaccuracy  to  produce  a  readable 
error  it  was  impossible  to  produce  a 
clear  and  distinct  image. 

M'itli  tile  annealing  cycle  used  by 
tile  writer  the  initial  jiattern  is  of 
little  commercial  importance.  It  will 
lie  more  pronounced  at  lower  fringe 
levels:  but  since  the  maximum  stress 
is  all  that  is  required  this  is  not  im- 
portant. Reasonable  care  in  the  ma- 
chining of  the  model,  avoidance  of 
extreme  changes  of  temperature,  etc.. 
will  oiniate  any  a|)|)reeiable  work 
jiatterii. 

Bv  far  the  most  iniiiortant  item  to 
consider  is  tiie  fact  tiiat  our  engineer- 
ing materials  are  not  perfectly  elastic, 
whereas  the  photoelastic  plasties  are 
very  nearly  so.  This  means  that  the 
results  secured  from  the  photoelastic 
analysis  are.  within  the  limits  of  ex 
perimental  error,  nearly  identical 
with  tliose  obtained  by  elastic  theory. 
Tile  .ictuai  stresses  jiroduced  in  the 
piece  ]iart  will,  however,  depart  from 
tlie  tiieoreticai  figure.  This  dejiarture 
mav  be  considerable  in  some  mate- 
rials, and  in  particular  under  certain 
eoiulitiiins  of  stress.  Fortunately,  in- 
t  lastieity  causes  a  reduction  in  thi- 
strc  ^^  Ml  tli.it  the  use  of  the  theoretical 
(iuiire  i--  rdii'.irv.-iliv  e.  Space  limits 
(Turn  to  page  52) 


May,  1941 


THE  STORY  OF  PULLMAN 


By 
GEORGE  A.  KELLY 


Since  tlie  year  18(M.  Pullman  has 
been  a  svnonyni  for  railroad  eomfort 
and  luxury.  To  the  experienced  trav- 
eler, it  has  meant  safety,  for  the  in- 
terior of  a  Pullman  car  is  safer  than 
a  home.  To  both  experienced  and 
inexperienced,  Pullman  calls  to  mind 
interestina:  com|)anions  .uid  the  oppor- 
tunity of  knowinjr  people  from  varied 
pl.iees  and  {)rofessions.  The  histori.iii 
of    the    American     railroad     will     add 


other  contribution 
man  sleeping  ears 
adoption  of  a  ; 
•rauge,  an  advance 
efficient  shipment 
is  to  convenient 
Kqually  important 
constant  pressure 
railroad  lines  to 
romfort.  ;ind  saf 
roaches. 


i.  The  first  Pull- 
directly  influenied 
tandardized  track 
as  indispensable  to 

of    freight     as    it 

passenger  travel, 
was  an  indirect  but 

brought  upon  all 
increase    the    size, 

ty     of     passenger 


These  essentials  of  modern  travel- 
ing resulted  primarily  from  the  vision 
and  perseverence  of  one  man.  This 
man,  George  M.  Pullman,  gradually 
transformed  and  brought  to  perfec- 
tion the  crude  sleeping  car  of  his 
vouth.  Later,  his  advanced  operating 
methods  led  to  the  long  distance  rout- 
ing of  Pullman  cars  over  short  con- 
necting lines,  and  instead  of  a  scries 
of   irritatinir  ehaiiiri-s,  made   travel   by 


The   First  Lightweight  Streamlined  Train. 


14 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


JL    ,.l"\    (IV      -A  ^ 


-/O. 


■  '■•fllCBSai'^iB 


Old   Number  9.    Originally   a   Coach.    Rebuilt  as  a   Sleeping   Car. 


rail  continuous.  \\'liere  tiie  traveler 
once  purchased  new  tickets  and 
changed  trains  every  few  hundred 
miles,  he  now  could  ride  from  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  to  San  Francisco  with 
one  ticket  and  in  one  sleeper.  From 
George  M.  Pullman  and  the  organi- 
zation which  he  built  came  the  "hotel" 
car,  a  combination  sleeper  and  diner; 
the  palatial  separate  diner;  and  the 
luxurious  parlor  car.  Pullman  inven- 
tiveness added  the  vestibule  which 
made  possible  safe  passage  from 
coach  to  coach.  Subsequently,  the 
company  built  the  first  all-steel  car, 
and  the  speedy,  light-weight  stream- 
lined train  which  delights  the  modern 
traveler. 

March  3,  1831,  the  date  of  Pull- 
man's birth,  coincided  closely  with 
that  of  the  American  railroad,  and 
anticipated  by  six  years  the  first 
sleeping  car.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
two,  in  the  year  1853,  young  Pullman 
made  his  first  sleeping  car  trip.  As 
he  and  his  fellow-passengers  tossed 
on  their  uncomfortable  bunks,  he  re- 
solved to  build  some  waj',  and  some 
day,  a  ear  which  would  serve  for  both 
night  and  day  travel,  and  be  comfort- 
able at  all  times. 

Since  the  advent  in  1837  of  the 
railroad  sleeping  car,  nothing  more 
than  incidental  improvements  had 
been  made.  The  general  plan  re- 
mained similar  to  that  used  in  the  first 
sleej)ing  car  built  in  America.  This 
car,  which  ran  over  the  Cumberland 
Valley  Railroad  between  Harrisburg 
and  Chambersburg,  was  merely  a  re- 
constructed day  coach.  Along  one 
side,  three  comiiartments  were  built, 
and  in  each  compartment  three  bunks 


were  placed.  The  i),-isr  of  the  seats 
formed  the  lower  tier;  the  seat  back, 
when  elevated  horizontal!}',  the  cen- 
tral berth;  the  upper  was  lowered 
from  the  roof.  The  railroad  provided 
the  mattresses,  and  the  passengers  the 
bed  clothing.  Many  passengers  made 
blankets  of  their  coats,  and  not  a  few 
slept  with  boots  on.  Light  came  from 
candles,  and  heat  from  box  stoves 
burning  either  wood  or  coal.  The  lim- 
ited toilet  facilities  consisted  of  basin, 
towel,  and  water  located  at  one  end 
of  the  car. 

The  bunks  of  the  early  sleeping  car 
doubtless  were  an  imitation  of  those 
found  in  canal  boats,  once  the  major 
competitor  of  the  railroad.  On  the 
smooth  water  of  the  canal,  such  ac- 
commodations proved  fairly  comfort- 
able, but  in  railway  cars  that  jolted 
and  swayed  over  a  dirt  roadbed,  they 
were  quite  the  opposite.  Indeed,  everj' 
short  rail  brought  its  own  disconcert- 
ing bump.  It  is  little  wonder  that  an 
inventive  mind  saw  the  pressing  need 
for  improvement,  and  resolved  to  pro- 
vide this  when  circumstances  would 
permit.  So  it  fell  out  that  when  sev- 
eral successful  engineering  undertak- 
ings had  brouglit  reputation  and  some 
capital.  Pullman  turned  his  attention 
to  the  plan  for  a  better  and  more 
comfortable  sleeping  car. 

In  1858,  the  inventor  engaged 
Leonard  Seibert  of  Bloomington,  Illi- 
nois, to  remodel  two  coaches  pur- 
chased from  the  Chicago  and  Alton 
Railroad.  From  the  dozen  cars  which 
then  constituted  the  entire  passenger 
(■(luipment  of  the  road,  Pullman  .-uul 
Seibert  selected  numbirs  0  and  19. 
These     harbinsers    of     juxurv     travel. 


Hat-roofed  as  were  box  cars,  were  only 
forty-four  feet  long.  Each  had  four- 
teen single-sash  windows,  with  the 
glass  approximately  a  foot  square. 
Into  these  cars,  slightly  more  than  six 
feet  in  height,  the  builders  fitted  ten 
sections,  a  commodious  linen  locker, 
and  two  washrooms,  one  at  each  end. 
On  September  1,  1839,  the  first  Pull- 
man made  the  run  from  Bloomington 
to  Chicago,  carrying  the  inventor  and 
four  passengers. 

The  washrooms  |)laced  at  each  end 
proved  but  one  of  four  innovations 
still  in  use.  The  second  change  was 
the  employment  of  two  rather  than 
three  berths  to  a  section.  As  improved 
in  18(51,  the  upper  berth  swung  on  a 
liinge  from  the  side  of  the  car.  When 
the  bedding  from  l)oth  berths  was 
placed  in  the  upper,  and  the  seats  re- 
stored to  their  normal  position,  the 
sleeper  became  a  day  coach  in  which 
no  space  was  wasted  on  a  storage 
locker.  The  time  and  energy  required 
to  carry  bedding  to  this  locker  also 
had  been  saved.  The  two  first  Pull- 
man cars,  richly  upholstered  in  plush, 
cost  approximately  .^1,000  each.  They 
were  heated  with  box  stoves,  lighted 
liv  oil  lamps,  and  mounted  on  four- 
wheeled  trui-ks.  The  hrakiinan  made 
U|)  the  beds. 

In  the  year  I8(M,  plans  were  com- 
pleted for  the  construction  of  a  sleep- 
ing car  radically  different  from  the 
twelve  coaches  jjreviously  built.  This 
first  Pullman-built  ear  was  con- 
structed in  Chicago  at  a  cost  exceed- 
ing $20,000,  a  sum  four  times  greater 
than  that  previously  expended  on  a 
railroad  coach.  A\'ith  this  car  began 
the  famous  ])r-ictiee  of  supplyinir  each 


May,  1941 


15 


I'lilliiLiri  with  .1  ri.'iiiK'.  (jiiit<'  ;i|>tlv.  it 
w.is  c.ilUd  tin-  I'ioiicrr.  I'.il l(i«  iiii;  the 
I'ioiiLir  caiiK-  the  tivi-  sltcpiiii;  cars 
wliitli  ill  I8(;U  ran  uvtr  the  Chic.iiro, 
liurliiiittoii   and   (^lliiicv    Hailroail,   tlic 

Itlanlir,  Pacific,  Auritra,  (iti/  of  Chi 
caffO,  and  Omaha. 

The  l)(>dy  (if  til.  I'iinirrr  r.^tcd 
ii|i(iii  iinpnivid  trucks  with  sprinus 
r.infon-.d  l._v  solid  rnl.lu  r.  It  stcod 
.1  fiiiit  wider  tlian  any  |ir<\i(iiis  rail 
Iliad  car.  and  two  and  one-half  iVct 
liinlii  r.  W  itliin  tlic  ciiiaru,C(l  interior 
were  t.istcliilly  upholstered  seats. 
hardwood  finish,  and  ticveled  mirrors. 
loi;et!ier  with  conil'ortalde  mattresses 
and  spotless  lied  linen.  The  added 
width  not  only  made  licrtlis  more  com 
liirtalile.  luit  made  possible  occup.ancy 
liy  two  |iasseiii;-ers.  The  hiiiijed  n|)pei- 
li'erth.  which  folded  toward  the  side 
and  top  of  the  car.  necessitated  the 
hij^her  roof.  With  the  higher  roof 
came  additional  eoiiifurt  for  the  pas 
sencror. 

Nothinii-  shows  better  both  the  cour- 
atre  of  (icori-e  M .  I'nllm.in.  .and  his  de- 
termin.ation  to  build  rii;lit.  than  the 
increased  width  and  lieitiht  of  the 
I'iitiiccr.  With  the  exce])tioii  of  leiiiith. 
the  dimensions  of  the  Pioneer  were 
those  upon  which  snbsc(|uent  .and 
present-day  ears  li.ive  been  eon 
striicted.  At  that  time,  however,  bridiic 
.and  [ilatform  clearance  would  not 
pi-rmit  use  of  the  car  on  .any  railroad. 
I'or  some  months  it  ,i|ipe.ired  that  the 
inventor  had  wasted  his  capital  on  a 
Useless  showjiicce,  but  f.ate  unexpect- 
edly intervened.  In  .\pril.  18().").  the 
rem.ains     of     the     martyred     Abr.ihani 

l.incoln  were  brought  by  speiial  train 
from   W.ashiniiton  to  Chicami.     I'or  the 


l.ist  staf;e  of  the  journey  to  .^priui; 
field,  •rovernnient  offici.ils  desiriil  to 
use  Pullm.an's  new  car.  The  Chicago 
and  Alton  Railroad  made  the  altera- 
tions of  bridges  and  station  platforms 
nieessary  for  its  employment,  and  this 
employment  in  turn  made  known  its 
unprecedented  elegance  and  comfort. 
.Shortly  thereafter.  Pullman  width 
.'iiid  luight  became  more  and  more  the 
st.ind.ird   for  ear  construction. 

With  an  ever-increasing  number  of 
travelers  making  extended  journeys  in 
I'ullm.in  cars,  the  probbiii  of  obt.ain 
ing  meals  grew  .leiite.  This  need  w.as 
proni])tly  met  by  the  President,  ,a 
combination  .sleeper  ;ind  diner  long 
known  :is  the  "hotel  sleejiing  car." 
I'roni  ,-1  kitchen  pl.aeed  at  oiii-  end. 
meals  were  served  on  tables  pl.aeed 
within  the  sections.  I'rom  the  first, 
an  attempt  was  made  to  provide  a 
menu  of  some  variety  at  a  price  eon- 
siin.int  with  the  cost  of  such  service. 
.\ii  l.SCiT  bill  of  fare  included  oysters, 
cold  .and  broiled  meats,  eggs,  Welsh 
r.irebit,  ))ickles.  coffee,  and  tea.  The 
third  .and  the  final  sections  of  the 
iiieiiii   offered   the   hungry   traveler: 

Beefsteak,  with  potatoes.  .  .  .  CO 
-Mutton  clio])s.  with  ])ot.itoes  lili 
H.iiii.   with    potatoes 5(1 

Welsh  r.irebit .50 

l-reiu-h   eofi'ee 2.5 

Tea     25 

During  this  year,  the  Pullman  Pal- 
ace Car  Company  was  incorpor.ited 
to  m.anufacture  and  operate  sleeping 
c.irs.  The  Company  also  began  to  es- 
t.iblish  a  system  which  provided  the 
]iiiblie   with   ears   of  uniform   construe- 


tioii  suited  to  tin-  needs  of  night  and 
day  travel,  and  in  .addition  carried 
passengers  without  change  over  dif- 
ferent railroads.  The  operating  per 
sonnel  should  consist  of  responsible 
employees  to  whom  children  and 
women  might  be  entrusted.  Assisted 
by  such  a  personnel,  and  with  n<i 
eh.inge  in  cars  required,  children, 
woiiien.  anil  even  invalids  coidd  safelv 
Ir.avel   .alone. 

The  important  year  of  1867  like- 
wise saw  Pullman  achieve  the  first 
non clLinge  trip  from  Chicago  to  Xew 
York.  Herctoftire,  the  different  track 
gauges  used  between  these  cities  had 
m.adc  a  continuous  journey  impossible. 
Hut  during  this  year  the  Great  West- 
ern Railroad  of  Canada  added  a  third 
r.iil  to  its  narrow-gauge  track,  and 
o|)ened  through  communication  be- 
tween Chicago  and  New  York.  Tit- 
tinglv.  the  first  Pullman  to  make  this 
trip  was  the  Western  World.  In  keep- 
ing with  the  President,  tile  Western 
llOrld  was  the  new  combination 
"hotel  sleeping  ear"  demanded  by 
through  transportation.  The  year  fol- 
lowing, 1868,  saw  the  first  true  din- 
ing car  placed  in  service  on  the  Chi- 
e.igo  and  Alton.  This  ear,  designed 
by  (ieorge  M.  Pullman,  was  entirely 
given  over  to  the  preparation  and 
serving  of  food.  \\'ith  comjilete  aji- 
[iropriateness.  it  bore  the  name  l)el- 
niiinieo. 

The  early  years  of  the  next  decade 
s.iw  .1  further  .addition  m.adi-  to  travel 
comfort.  This  .iddition  w.is  the  parlor 
car,  first  Iniilt  for  use  on  the  Midland 
Railway  of  England,  and  in  1875  in- 
troduced in  the  United  States.  .\s  the 
dining  car  li.id  developed  from  a  com- 


The  First  Vestibule  Car. 


16 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


The   First  Steel   Car. 


bination  sleeper  and  diner,  so  tlie 
parlor  car  of  todaj-  evolved  from  a 
coach  which  was  part  sleeper  and  part 
individual  chair  car.  The  Maritana, 
first  "reclining-chair"  or  parlor  car 
used  in  America,  provided  the  public 
with  individual  chairs  heavily  and 
richly  upholstered.  Placed  in  two 
rows  before  the  windows,  the  chairs 
revolved  on  swivels  so  that  they  faced 
in  any  desired  direction. 

With  its  establishment  of  separate 
sleeping,  dining,  and  parlor  cars,  the 
Pullman  Company  had  set  up  the 
three  major  types  of  luxury  railroad 
coach  so  long  known  to  the  modern 
traveler.  During  the  decades  of  their 
use,  these  types  showed  almost  kalei- 
doscopic changes  in  interior  decora- 
tion. There  were  ornate  carving,  deli- 
cate marquetry,  and  lavish  lacquer 
work,  each  and  all  ciiaracteristic  of 
the  shifting  styles  of  the  several 
periods,  while  upholstery  and  drape- 
ries also  ran  riot  in  color  and  design. 
By  the  turn  of  the  century,  simplicity 
in  decoration  was  the  rule,  with  a 
more  harmonious  blending  of  colors. 
This  practice  largely  prevails  today. 

The  tale  of  Pullman's  artificial 
illumination  is  a  story  of  general 
progress  and  of  individual  pioneer- 
ing. Beginning  with  the  conventional 
candles,  the  company  turned  quickly 
to  oil  lamps.  Next  came  the  more 
brilliant  Pintsch  gas,  and  ultimately 
electricity.  This  final  advance  was 
not  introduced  in  America,  but  rather 
in  England,  where  electric  lights  were 
installed  October  IK  1881,  on  an  ex- 
perimental coach  running  on  the  Lon 
don.  P)righton.  and  South  Coast  T.inc. 


The  experimental  car  carried  he 
neath  it  thirty-two  small  metal  cells, 
each  of  which  contained  lead  plates 
coated  with  red  oxide.  Suspended 
from  the  ceiling  were  twelve  small 
Edison  incandescent  lights  of  the 
bamboo  filament  type.  The  light  flick- 
ered unevenly,  but  it  filled  the  coach, 
and  lasted  throughout  the  return  jour- 
ney from  Brighton  to  Victoria.  The 
elementary  storage  battery  required 
charging  each  night  preceding  its  use, 
but  nevertheless  served  its  purpose 
well.  There  came  also  the  idea  that 
electricity  to  charge  the  battery  might 
be  generated  by  utilizing  the  energy 
of  the  moving  train,  and  from  this 
idea  evolved  the  powerful  axle-driven 
generators  in  serWce  today. 

Heatinsr  likewise  showed  steadv 
progress  from  crudity  to  perfection. 
Wood  and  coal-burning  box  stoves 
gave  place  to  hot-air  furnaces:  then 
came  the  hot-water  system,  and  ulti- 
mately low-pressure  vapor  heat.  The 
heating  of  a  complete  train  by  steam 
drawn  from  the  engine  was  tested  in 
1SS7.  and  put  in  operation  the  year 
following.  This  improvement  abol- 
ished independent  car-heaters,  and  by 
so  doing  removed  a  major  source  of 
discomfort.  The  present  century 
brought  air-conditioning,  undoubtedly 
one  of  the  greatest  boons  ever  devel- 
oped for  railway  travel.  To  be  sure, 
air-conditioning  experiments  began  as 
early  as  18.34,  but  its  first  successful 
operation  was  inaugurated  by  Pullman 
in  1920.  Today  finds  j)ractically  every 
car  of  the  system  air-conditioned. 

A  further  contribution  to  rail  tran^ 
portation    resulted    from    a    necessity 


which  progress  had  imposed.  Through 
travel  first  demanded  the  "hotel  sleep- 
ing car,"  and  subsequently  the  sep- 
arate diner.  But  use  of  the  diner 
often  involved  a  dangerous  passage 
across  open  car  platforms.  Platform 
enclosing  devices  were  patented  and 
constructed,  but  none  proved  prac- 
tical, with  the  result  that  in  1886 
George  M.  Pullman  set  out  to  devise 
a  system  which  made  a  train  both 
continuous  and  sufficiently  flexible  in 
connecting  platforms  to  allow  for  car 
motion  and  sway  when  rounding 
curves.  The  solution  proved  to  be  the 
car  vestibule.  As  first  designed,  the 
vestibule  provided  a  closed  passage- 
wav,  and  did  not  extend  the  full  width 
of  the  car.  Its  basic  innovation  con- 
sisted of  elastic  diaphragms  on  steel 
frames  attached  to  the  ends  of  each 
car.  and  so  arranged  that  when  the 
train  was  made  up.  the  faces  of  the 
diaphrams  were  held  firmly  in  posi- 
tion by  powerful  spiral  springs.  The 
vestibule  not  only  eliminated  the 
danger  and  inconvenience  of  crossing 
from  car  to  car.  but  largely  eliminated 
car  oscillation.  By  reducing  the 
))ossibility  of  adjoining  cars  being 
telescoped  in  a  wreck,  it  increased 
measurably  the  safety  of  travel.  In 
1893.  the  vestibule  was  extended  to 
the  full  width  of  the  car. 

Early  in  the  present  century.  Pull- 
man began  experimentation  with  the 
steel  car.  During  1907.  the  first  car 
of  tliis  ty])e  was  completed  and  put 
into  operation.  Three  years  later,  this 
equipment  went  into  regular  service, 
.ind  the  number  of  steel  cars  increased 
ste.idilv.      For   the   lamentable   reason 


May,   1941 


17 


th.it  H  n  rks  \v<  r.  not  tin-  ran-  cxiip 
tioii  that  thcv  arc  to<la_\ .  the  sui)(ri 
ority  (if  till"  st.rl  ov.r  tlic  wooilin 
iciaili  luiainc  too  iiuicklv  apparent. 
'I'hi-  AnuTii-an  railroad  .soon  turned  to 
tile  sttol  car.  and  the  travt-linji  pulilic 
liad  .such  iirotcction  .is  it  had  never 
known  licforc. 

Steel  <'ars  meant  intreased  weijiht 
as  well  as  inere.i.scd  security.  The  ad- 
<litionaI  w  e  i  .ff  h  t  first  necessitated 
hi  ,n  ier  r.iils  .-ind  .-i  superior  rojidhed. 
.>er(Ui(ily.  it  (lireetly  .itVectcd  hauliiii;- 
costs  hy  diin.inilini;  urc.iti-r  power  for 
eiiu.il  speed.  Hilt  the  strciiitth  hroutlht 
hy  stiel  had  to  he  preserved,  and  as 
.1  result,  cir  huildcrs  sought  inate- 
r'.ils  which  would  reduce  wei<;ht  with 
out  sacritii'ini;  streuu;th.  .\ftcr  years 
of  experimentation,  success  w.is  ,it 
tained  hv  the  use  of  .■iluminum  .ind 
steel  allovs.  I'lillin.iii  .atjain  .stood  at 
the  fore.  .uhI  hiiilt  fin-  the  Union  P.i 
citie  Railroad  the  first  littlit-weiirht, 
all-stri  .ludined  train.  On  I'ehruary 
12,  lil.'if.  this  train  started  rcijular 
ojier.ition,  .and  hrousjlit  with  it  a  re- 
l-.irtli  of  interest  in  railway  travel. 
Both  the  iiuTcased  use  of  this  type  of 
railw.iy  e()uij)ment  and  the  eontribii- 
tiou  of  I'ullm.an  to  the  field  are  indi- 
cated hy  these  simjde  facts.  Up  to 
I'chru.iry  I,  li)H,  the  company  had 
built  more  than  seventy  per  cent  of  all 
light-v.eiplit  passenfier  car.s  ordered 
from  the  industry.  All  told.  ],.578  cars 
were  constructed,  1,122  of  whicli  went 
t<>  r.'iilroads,  suhw.iys.  .and  to  inter 
urban  lines. 

All  types  of  I'lilhii.-ni  .icoiiuiiod.-. 
tions  in.-iy  he  h.'id  on  the  li^ht  Wright 
tr.aiii.    r.-innini;    from    the    .ilw.iys    pop- 


ul.ir  sictioii  to  indiv  idii.'il  rooms  of  the 
l.itist  ilesiiiM.  I'.irly  in  his  car  build 
intj  experiincc,  (iiorfrc  M.  Pullman 
re.ili/.ed  th.it  some  p.-isscngers  would 
prefer  .i  [iriv.ite  room,  and  this  he 
providiil.  I'irst  came  the  .stateroom, 
now  called  the  compartment:  then  the 
more  commodious  dr.iwiii';  room.  .\s 
the  first  combination  dim  r  .iiid  ji.irlor 
services  had  broiii;ht  demands  for  cars 
devoted  exclusively  to  <';ich.  so  w.as  the 
CISC  with  individual  room  service.  In 
l!t27.  the  I'ullm.an  Company  built  a 
car  for  overnight  journeys  containing 
single  rooms  and  stationary  beds.  The 
single  room  later  dcveloiied  into  the 
double  bedroom,  and  provided  both 
an  upiier  berth  and  a  sofa  that  became 
.1  bed. 

Our  latest  trains  carry  Pullmans 
whose  compartments  and  drawing 
rooms  have  been  improved  by  addi- 
tional facilities  and  by  rearrangement. 
'I'here  now  awaits  the  traveling  family 
either  a  double  bedroom,  or  a  master 
room  whose  two  beds  fold  into  the 
wall,  and  during  the  day  give  place 
to  four  lounge  chair.s.  The  single 
traveler  may  choose  the  roomette,  also 
with  a  bed  wliich  folds  into  the  wall, 
and  .1  lounge  seat  for  d.ty  travel.  The 
"duplex"  ))rovides  either  .i  "ilown- 
st.airs"  or  "u]istairs"  room,  cicli  with 
a  convertible  sofa  bid.  .Ml  rooms  have 
individual  regulation  of  light,  he;it. 
.and  :iir-coiulitioniiig.  together  with 
lockers  aiul  private  toilet  facilities. 
M.iin  trains  carry  a  restaurant-lounge 
cir  that  serves  meals,  and  not  only 
h.is  sciting  accommodations,  but  somc- 
tiiiHs  rooms  and  sections  .-is  well.    'I'he 


liii.-il  cir  of  till  tr.iiii  iii.ay  be  a  lux- 
urious iibserv  .ition  lounge  where  the 
tr.ivcler  m.iy  read,  watch  the  p.assing 
l;indsc;i])e,  or  enjoy  conversation  and 
refreshment  with  his  companions. 

A  subsidiary  of  Pullman,  the  Pull- 
man -  .Stand.ard  Cir  Manufacturing 
('om|)any,  not  only  siiii|ilics  the  needs 
of  the  p.-ireiit  concern,  but  fabricates 
p.assenger  and  freight  e<iuipment  for 
r.ailroads,  subway  rolling  stock,  and 
motor  buses.  The  company  itself  0))er- 
ates  eight  thousand  cars  under  eon- 
tracts  with  railroads  in  the  United 
.States,  and  in  j)ortions  of  Canada  and 
.Mexico.  The  operation  of  these  cirs 
is  perha])s  its  greatest  contribution  to 
tr.ivel  that  is  both  luxurious  and  inex- 
pensive. Many  of  the  railroads  served 
require  the  greatest  number  of  sleep- 
ing and  parlor  ears  during  the  sum- 
mer months.  Other  roads,  particularly 
those  which  carry  tourists  to  the 
.South  and  .Southwest,  need  increased 
service  during  the  winter.  Such  spe- 
cial occasions  as  large  conventions 
call  for  the  addition  of  scores  of 
sleejting  ears  to  those  roads  which 
nuist  bear  the  bulk  of  the  traffic, 
(ireat  concentrations  of  cars  also  are 
essential  for  the  movement  of  govern- 
ment troops.  No  one  railroad  coin- 
))any  could  handle  such  demands  both 
efficiently   and  at  a  reasonable  cost. 

These  and  other  pressing  demands 
the  Pullm.m  Company  has  sought  to 
nxet  for  more  than  three-quarters  of 
,1  century.  Its  success  in  this  eflfort 
h.is  resulted  from  many  factors,  but 
.imong  those  most  important  is  the 
motto:  "Progress  Without  End." 


Roomette  Car. 


18 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


CHICAGO'S  BRIDGES 


By 

OTTO  W.  HANSEN 


History  t'rdin   tht-   Atlaiitit'   Oct-aii   to   witliin    a  avt-mif    of    c-omnuinication    so    impor- 

Chicago's     site     was     built     during  tiw  miles   of  the   Des   Plaines   River.  tant    that    we    of    todaj'    can    hardly 

the  glacial  period.     When  the  ice  re-  Along    this    natural    route    of    travel  appreciate  it.      The  idea   of  connect- 

treated  it  left  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  came    explorers,   traders    and    settlers  ing  the   Chicago   River  with  the   Des 

the    Great    Lakes     and     the    streams  who   peopled  the    Mississippi   Valley.  Plaines    River   by    means    of   a    canal 

which    flow   into    them.  Before  the  advent   of  the  railroad,  was   advanced  by   the   first  white  ex- 

This   system  of  waterways  extends  liowever.    the    waterways    formed    an  plorer    who    visited    the    site    of    Chi- 


The  Chicago  River.     A  Few  of  Chicago's  Fifty-Six 
Movable  Bridges. 


Chicago  Tribune  Photo 


Vi". 


May,  1941 


19 


:'**^,i:— t^'MlWI^ 


The  Chicago   River.    A  Century  Ago. 


f;iir<>-  llii  two  strianis  arf  only  a 
tVw  milts  apart,  and  tlir  watir-slitd 
HJiich  st-paratis  tlxin  is  only  a  Uw 
t,-,t    liiuh. 

'riiisr  two  watirw.iys  wt-rt'  ton- 
nictfd  with  caili  other,  first  by  tlu- 
Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal  in  181-8. 
and  a  second  time  liy  the  Sanitary 
Canal  in  li)00.  Now  the  projected 
develo[)n)ent  of  tile  St.  Lawrence 
.•^eaway  and  the  I.akes-to-(iulf  Water- 
way maintains  this  qnestioii  as  a  mat- 
ter of  prime  im|)ortanee  to  Chieanns 
future. 

As  Chicasio's  topography  is  Hat. 
and  only  a  few  feet  abovi-  w.iter.  it 
heeame  neeissar_v  from  the  very  bi- 
iriiiTiiMg  to  provide  movable  bridges 
to  permit  till-  ])assage  of  vessels. 

\\'ith  the  movable-bridge  policy 
early  established  it  becomes  evident 
that  th,-  story  of  these  bridges  is 
tlu-  story  of  Chi<ago.  as  it  has  lieen 
closely  interwoven  in  the  f.abric  of 
this  metropolis  which  in  100  years 
lias  develoiied  from  a  frontier  po.st 
to  a  great  city  of  KOOO.OOO.  The  im- 
portant i).irt  Chicago's  bridges  have 
l)layed  in  the  consolidation  of  tin- 
sections  of  the  city,  separated  .is  it 
is  by  its  rivers,  into  one  honiogi  neous 
community  is  manifest  to  .inyoin 
after    a    little    tlinugllt. 

The  first  pedestrian  bridge  w,is 
constructed  at  Kinzie  Street  in  IH.'i'J. 
The  first  swing  bridge  for  vehicb  s 
and  ])cdcstrians  was  l)uilt  at  Dear- 
born Street  in  IS.it.  .\1I  early  bridges 
were  of  timber;  their  costs  were  <le 
tr.iyed  from  suhseriptlon  funds.  The 
first  municip.illy  built  bridge  w.is 
constructed  in  IS.")?  .it  .Madison  Street. 


costing  ^30.000.  The  first  iron  bridge 
in  the  west  was  built  in  18.56  at  Rush 
.■street,    Chicago. 

With  but  a  few  exceptions  up  to 
1890  all  bridges  were  of  the  hori- 
zontal-swing type,  supported  by  .i 
pier  in  the  center  of  the  river  and 
in  most  cases  were  manually  oper- 
ated. This  type  reached  a  high  de- 
gree of  perfection.  One  objection- 
able feature  was  the  restricted  use 
of  the  river  caused  by  the  center  jjier 
whieli  made  the  most  desir.ible  ]i.irt 
ot   tile    waterway    useless. 

In  ISiit  a  vertical-lift  bridge  was 
built  at  South  Halsted  Street.  It 
operated  as  an  elevator,  with  ste.im 
power.  It  did  not  meet  with  fa\or, 
being  costly  in  construction,  unsightly 
,ind  uneconomical  in  operation  .and 
l)ro\iding  ])oot  operating  visibility. 
In  view  of  the  dis.satisfaction  with 
this  ty|)e  other  designs  were  de\el 
0))ed  to  meet  the  demands  for  in- 
creased and   unobstructed   waterways. 

From  18i)l'  to  li)00  the  construc- 
tion of  the  drainage  canal  w.is  in 
progress.  The  proposed  flow  re- 
quirements jift'ected  bridge,  design  to 
the  extent  that  proper  waterway  had 
to  be  furnished  to  .avoid  currents 
whieli  niiglit  be  detrimental  to  n.ivi- 
gation.  Water  diversion  through  the 
Chicago  River  w.is  regulated  by  order 
of  the  .Secretary  of  \\'.ir  for  many 
years.  .\fter  .l.anuary  1.  liUO  this 
flow  was  m.iteri.illy  rediued  so  th.it 
at  the  present  time  provisions  for 
water  flow  are  inconsequential. 
Kaiu.v  Hxsin.Fs 

doing  back  to  the  coiuiitioiis  In 
Ih.     i.irlv    ninetiis.    .after    tin-    Halst.d 


Street  lift  bridge  li.id  In  in  in  opera- 
tion. .1  rolling-lift  bascule  liridge  was 
deve!o])ed  by  Mr.  Wm.  .Scherzer  and 
was  constructed  at  \'an  IJuren  Street 
in  IK!:.).  Its  movable  leaves  are  in- 
tegr.-illy  supported  on  a  vertical  cir- 
eiil.ir  liirdi  r  the  circumference  of 
whieh  rolls,  when  the  bridge  is  to 
be  r.iised.  on  .i  horizontal  foundation 
.1  dist.inee  of  twenty  to  thirty  feet. 
iiiiK  h    a-,    .1    rocking   ch.iir    rolls    on    a 

Hnor. 

.\s  rejil.icemeiit  of  many  of  the 
liridges  was  imperative  between  IHttt 
.ind  1907.  twelve  of  these  rolling-lift 
bridges,  and  six  truntiion  -  bascules 
were  built,  mainly  at  locations  where 
the  old  bridges  impeded  the  flow  of 
w.iter    for   sanitary    purposes. 

Bascule  means  "see-saw",  a  dou- 
ble-arm cantilever  mounted  and  bal- 
anced on  a  shaft,  the  trunnion,  on 
which  it  my  rotate.  This  principle 
was  used  in  the  construction  of  the 
.ancient  portcullis  bridging  the  moats 
.around  castles  and  forts.  Its  appli- 
cation to  large  structures  which  can 
be  raised  and  lowered,  and  of  suffi- 
cient strength  and  capacity  to  meet 
the  traffic  requirements  of  a  large 
lity  involves  considerable  engineering 
ingenuity. 

The  famous  Tower  Bridge  of  Lon- 
don was  one  of  the  first  large  trun- 
nion-bascule bridges  to  be  built,  be- 
ing completed  in  189 1.  Chicago's 
Wan  Buren  Street  rolling-lift  bridge 
was  completed  in  189-5.  It  naturally 
followed  that  local  engineers  would 
observe  their  performance  to  deter- 
iiine  their  relative  merits. 

.\fter  several  years  experience  with 
rolling-lift  bascule  bridges,  it  was  de- 
cided that  the  trunnion-bascule  aj)- 
pe.ired  to  be  more  suitable  for  local 
<-on<litions.  .\s  .-i  result,  competitive 
(hsigns  for  a  bascule  bridge  at  9.5th 
.Stn-et  over  the  Calumet  River  were 
invited  in  May,  1900.  A  committee 
of  three  bridge  engineers  selected  one 
of  the  City's  own  designs,  with  modi- 
fic;itions.  This  design  fundamentally 
is  the  type  used  today  not  only  in 
Chicago  but  in  several  other  cities 
.-ind  is  known  as  the  "Chicago  Type 
ISascule". 

The  9.5tli  Street  bridge  is  double- 
leaf  with  tiiree  trusses  -.il'-O"  c.  to  c. 
pivoted  about  three  trunnions.  The 
span  is  128  feet  e.  to  c.  of  trunnion 
bearings  with  east-iron  eouuterwciglits 
undi  r  the  fixed  .-iiiijro.-ieh.  The  sub- 
structure consists  of  .1  front  .ind  rear 
pier  eonneeted  by  w.ills  so  ,-is  to  form 
w.-itertight  counterweight  jiits.  (iird- 
ers  parallel  to  the  mo\  able  trusses 
supported  on  the  front  and  rear  piers 
e.irry  the  trunnion  bearings.  Tlie 
111  liii   oper.-itiiig   i)inions    for   iqierating 


20 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


tlic  l)ri(lgc  imsli  with  rai'ks  I'astiiu  i! 
to  the  ciivv.d  heels  of  the  three 
ti-usses.  At  tht'  center  llie  leaves 
when  closed  are  connected  by  motor- 
driven   sliear-locks. 

The  committee's  reasons  for  favor- 
inn-  the  trunnion  type  of  bascuh'  are 
fi'ivcn  in  their   report   as   foHows: 

(1)  "Constant  jxiint  and  direction 
of  application  of  h)ad  on  the  fouji 
dation  whether  the  bridge  is  in  mo- 
tion or  is  stationary."  (On  a  rolling'- 
lift  bridge  the  load  moves  back  as 
the  bridge  opens  and  ma}'  cause  in- 
stability of  foundations.) 

(2)  "Reduction  of  the  number  of 
moving  parts   to  a   minimum.  " 

"The  bascule  design  permits  the 
|)lacing  of  the  center  of  gravity  of 
the  moving  bridge  in  the  trunnion 
axis  or  its  pro.ximity.  The  placing 
of  the  center  of  gravity'  a  short  dis 
tauce  from  the  .axis  of  the  truiniious 
toward  tlie  draw  opening  ,ind  the 
arrangement  by  whicli  the  tail  end 
is  relieved  from  any  possible  live  load 
has  the  advantage  of  holding  the  bas- 
cule firmly  in  position  when  closed 
without  absolute  necessity  for  heel- 
locks.  There  is  no  tilting  efi'ect  due 
to  the  action  of  lixc  load  coming  on 
the  bridge." 

Forty  years  later  and  after  .■ibout 
$50,000,000  wortii  of  local  bascule 
bridge  construction,  we  note  that 
these  early  recommendations,  which 
were  not  all  then  accepted,  have  been 
incorporated  in  present  design.  .Sev- 
eral of  the  suggestions  were : 

" — that  adjustable  resting  blocks 
be  placed  in  front  of  and  near  the 
trunnion  so  that  when  the  draw  closes, 
the  load  may  be  transferred  from  the 
trunnions  to  the  resting  blocks." 

" — for  future  and  more  important 
structures,  warranting  additional  ex- 
pense, foundations  should  be  carried 
to  bed   rock." 

"The  design  of  the  piers  is  not  sat 
isfactory,  —  make  one  counterweight 
pit  by  disposing  of   the  partitions — " 

In  the  main  the  abov-e  description 
of  the  9.5th  Street  bridge  is  an  ex- 
cerj)t  from  an  article  by  Mr.  Earle 
G.  Benson,  Mechanical  Designing  En- 
gineer for  the  Bridge  Division,  which 
appeared  in  TiiK  .Vhmoir  ExMiiNKKii 
ot'    March.    Ii».il. 


MoDKMN   Tim  XNioN    Bascii.i: 
A   fund.uucnt.al   departure    fi 


U  the 
■  (in 
later 


above  recommendations  and 
bodied  in  practically  all  t 
designs  is  the  distribution  of  tin 
weights  of  the  movable  leaf  in  such 
manner  as  to  have  the  center  of  gr.-n 
ity  of  the  entire  leaf  coincide  with 
the  center  of  the  trunnions.  'J'liis 
fe.-iture     results     in     balanced     ciniilib 


The  Halsfed  Street  Uii  Bridge 
Built  In    1894. 


,f    the    leaf.    ,  \clusi\ 


d. 


applied        locati, 
dl    p, 


.f    tl 


lit 


tion 


th 


In 


;■    are   nf   travel. 

■ration  with  the  Chicago 
ri.in  it  w.as  im|)er;itive  to  consider 
till-  .lesthctic  fe.itun's  of  the  bascuK- 
bridges.  While  thi-  f und.anient.al  prill 
eiple  of  design  «  liich  |)l.aced  the  ccuiii 
tcrweights  behiu  the  ro.adway  w.as 
established  in  tlu  !).-)th  Street  typ. 
of  bridge,  t'lirther  imjirovement  in 
appearance    w.as    dbt.ained    throliuli    re 


All 


ided 


tlon 


ipcr.it. 
th,'  tr 
ni.al  o|M  r.itiiig  | 
iikI  tlie  iiiachiiK 
:le  the  trusses, 
rniitted  greater 
design  of  the  movable 
V  ari.atioiis  in  .appe.ir.aiii 
(.lined  when  so  desire 
.\biioriii.il  operating 
(piire.  .IS  insurance 
down,  gre.-it   riigmalnes- 


iig  r.ick.  This 
iiss  iiitcrn.illv. 
linidii  w.as  iiro- 


r\ 


i'liis  construe- 
latitude  in  the 
leaves    so   that 

■c  could  be  ob- 

il. 
conditions    re- 

igainst    break- 

;  .and  eo?iserv.i- 


May,    1941 


NIne+y-Flf+h  Street  Bridge:    1905. 
3-Truss,   External-Rack   Trunnion   Bascule. 


tivi-  (Icsiijn.  With  tlip  incrt-.-isc  in 
In.ids.  widening  of  roa(lw;iys  .uid 
un-.itir  Iciiirtli  of  s|);iiis  it  followid 
tli;it  till-  size  (if  tin-  foniponcnt  p.irts 
of  tin-  l)ridjif  naturallv  developed  into 
.1  iiriater  massivene.ss.  The  comhina- 
tion  of  iiij^ineering  funetions  togetlier 
with  fe.itures  of  beauty,  sometimes 
termed  "fiinetional  beauty  '  devehijied 
ultimately  to  such  a  Jioint  that  the 
li.isenle  liridjie  at  \\'aliash  Avenue  in 
1 !'.!()  won  the  first  award  of  the  Am.r 
ie.-iii  Institute  of  Steel  Construetion 
for  the  most  beautiful  steel  liridi;-.- 
eoiistrueted  during  that  year. 

The    modern    baseule    may    be    de 
scribed  sulistantially  as   follows: 

The  foundation,  a  w.-itertisfht  mas 
sive-walled  concrete  box.  jirovidis 
support  for  the  trunnions  and  acconi 
inodat.s  the  r.'.ir  p.irl  of  the  movable 
leaves  and  eounterweight  box.  It 
rests  on  eai.ssons  of  (i  to  S  ft.  di.nu 
eter  re.aehinn-  down  to  the  rock  from 
abiuit  (!f)  to  107  ft.  below  City  Datum. 
The  vertical  loads  run  up  to  1000 
tons.  Th,-  pit  floor  is  .about  I'O  ft. 
below  water  bvel  .lud  thus  the  result 
inir  uplift  .and  sidewise  i.irth  and 
w.-itir  pressure  must  be  didy  consid- 
ered. Tlie  counterweight  must  be 
fr<-e  of  buoyant  efl'eets  from  water 
ind  therefore  the  ])its  must  be  water 
ti-ht. 

Th(  supi-rstrueture  consists  of  two 
i.HU.ablr  Ic.aM  s  and  tlieir  sUjiports,  the 
lixrd  •■ipprn.aehes.  the  ni.aehiuery  .and 
the  lunises.  K.ieh  l<;.f  is  .1  bugi-  can 
lilever  arm  of  over  a  hundred  feet; 
in  closed  position  the  elVi-ct  is  that 
of  .-1  that  .arch;  in  o)irn  iiosition  the 
ro.'idw.ay  serves  .as  .a  b.irrier  protect 
ing  tr.itfic.  t'liiting  tin-  trusses,  be 
hind  the  trunnions  and  uiulcr  the 
appro.ieh  floor,  is  the  eounterwiiirht 
box. 

The  sup(  rslructure  is  designed  tor 
dead  and  live  loa<ls.  fifty  ton  stre.l 
ear.s,  2  t-ton  trucks.  liKl  llis.  pir  scpi.in 
ft.    uniform   movini;   lo.id    .iiid   20   lbs. 


per  s(|.  ft.  wind  load  .are  assumed. 
l'ro|i<  r  .illow  .inci  s  ,are  made  for  im 
|i.iet  .irid  xibr.itiou.  Closed  and  open 
positions  .are  considered  .and  cli.inge 
in  the  eh.ar.aeter  of  the  stresses  is 
t.iken  into  account. 

The  roadway  of  the  baseule  bridge 
offers  a  different  j)roblem  from  that 
of  the  ordinary  fixed  bridge.  It  must 
rcm.ain  in  place  when  tin'  leaf  is  ver- 
tical: it  uuist  be  light  in  weight,  yet 
subst.anti.il. 

1'.  g  r  1 1-  .\i  K  N  T 

One  oper.itor's  house  is  |)rovided 
for  each  leaf,  on  0))positc  sides  of  the 
river,  with  ,a  bridge  operator  for  each 
leaf.  l'ro|ier  visibility  is  of  import- 
ance in  the  disign  of  these  bouses. 
Lsu.ally  .1  bri.lgc  house  is  from  thrc,- 
to  five  floors  high  with  suit.able  .irchi 
tcitur.il  tre.itmcut.  It  houses  heat- 
ing e(iuipment,  electrical  resistances,' 
relays,  .and  controllers,  s.initary  facili- 
ties .and  ojier.ating  sujiplies.  Tii<- 
opcr.ating  room  occupies  the  entire 
top  floor  with  .a  coinm.anding  view 
in  .all  directions  of  riM-r  ,ind  street 
traffic.  This  is  jiossiblc  through  the 
l)rovision  of  wiiulows  ,all  .ar(nind.  The 
oper.ator  regulates  the  bridge  from 
this  st.ition  through  the  controllers 
on  the  braki's,  nmtors,  gate-.signals, 
center  .and  heel  locks,  in  .i  definitely 
prescribi'd  order.  Neon  'Stop"  signs, 
ehctrie  bells,  .and  one  locomotiv.-  bell 
(ui  each  bouse  .are  jirovidcd.  These 
sign.als  ,are  intirlocked  with  the  (aiiter 
sliearlock  .ami  the  power  circuit  used 
for  moving  the  structuri-.  so  th.it  be 
for.'  the  o]ier,at(n-  e.iii  iiioxf  the  bridge 
it  is  necess.ary  Ih.-it  .all  the  signals  be 
in  their  ))roper  position  .and  on  dis- 
jilav  to  tr.affic.  if  for  any  reason 
trouble  is  expirieiiced  in  this  ])ri 
iii.ir\  circuit,  hi  is  then  n  (piired  to 
resort  to  the  use  of  ,a  s(i'ond,iry  .iiix 
ili.iry  circuit  which  is  not  gmcrned 
bv    tin     interlocking    features. 

"   In     111,-     ev.nt     of     f.iillin-     of     both 


these  systems,  the  opi  r.itor  is  re- 
i|uired  to  sign.al  the  oncoming  vessel 
to  stoji  b\  iiieius  of  .a  rrd  flag  by  day 
and  ehctrie  light  by  night.  Ordi- 
n.incc  s  limit  the  sj)eed  of  vessels  so 
th.il    such    ,in   emergency   can   be    met. 

Tlic  ccinlrol  of  a  heavy  bascule 
bricliic  ill  CM  r\  position,  and  safe  and 
cpiick  oper.ition.  recpiirc-  etlieicnt  m.i 
chinery.  The  .almost  |.erfict  b.alanec- 
.itt.iinecl  tod.iy  iiccessit.ates  motive 
pc.wcr  cinU  to  ciMrccime  inerti.i.  fric- 
tion of  movinir  |i.arts.  wind  .end  snow 
lo.icls. 

Ill  the  design  of  the-  machinery 
iii.iin  l.ictors  .are  considc'nal.  In  addi- 
ticui    to    st.itic   cainditions,   the   stresses 

fi I    the     kinetic   energy   of  the   raov- 

iiit  iii.issc  s  .ire  transferred  to  the  gear 
train;  in  case  of  failure,  to  the  bum- 
|i(  IS  .111(1  live-load  pedestals.  Trouble 
m.iy  develop  in  the  machinery,  or  ex- 
p.insion  eastings  m.ay  bind,  luaa-ssi- 
t.itiug  extraordin.ary  force  to  move 
the  bridge  and  jjutting  heavy  pull  on 
the  machinery.  The  most  unfavorable 
condition  is  .assumed  to  be  covered 
by  the  I'O  lb,  ])c'r  sip  ft.  unb.ilanced 
lo.icl  on  the  leaf.  This  is  the  design 
criterion     for    the    m.ichinery. 

Ordiu.arily  carbon  steel  forgings 
;iiid  oastings  are  used  for  machinery 
]i.irts  but  with  the  increase  in  the  size 
of  the-  nc  wc  r  bridges  its  use  would 
result  in  m.ichinery  too  bulky  and 
im|ir,ictic;il.  .\s  for  example,  with 
trunnions  c:ftcn  thrta-  feet  in  diam- 
eter .and  nine  feet  long,  the  tendency 
is  tow.irds  use  of  high-strength  .alloy 
steels.  I'lie  m.ichinery  is  nuiuntcd  on 
bed-l)late  steel  castings,  although 
welded  constrnetion  is  resorted  to  on 
occasion.  The  driving  [lower  for  the 
Larger  bridges  is  two  100  II.  1'.  (iOll 
volt    D.C.   motors    per   leaf. 

In  some  instances  compressed  .air 
.and  hydraulic  devices  .ire  used  for 
operating  sign.als,  br.ikes  or  other 
aii])urtenanees. 

MiSCKLLANEOrS 

On  several  occasions  the  use  of 
vertic'.il-lift  bridges  ,as  means  of  meet- 
ing extraordinary  (a)uditions  have 
been  c  (insidered  but  im.ariably  these 
studies  rcxcrted  to  the  .icci'pt.anec  of 
.1  b.aseulc  design.  However,  skewed 
river  eoiulitions  cniiiuntered  .at  the 
Torrence  Avenue  crossing  over  the 
Calumet  River,  togctlK  r  with  the  long 
span,  indicatcal  the  .idvis.ability  of  the 
use  of  the  vertical  lift  bridge,  which 
w.is   (aimideted   in    l!):i7. 

Besides  the  (ifty  odd  movable 
bridges  built  by  the  loc-.il  governments, 
r.iilro.ids  li.ave  built  eight  b.iscule  and 
four  lift  bridges  over  the  Chicago  and 
('.iluiiiet  rivers  within  the  Cit\-  Limits. 


22 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


Wabash  Avenue  Bridge.    Trunnion  Bascule  Type. 

Award    by   American    Institute   of  Steel    Construction 
for  Most  Beautiful  Bridge  Erected  in   1930. 


CoNSTHlCTIOX 

Tlif  scope  of  tills  artk'U-  docs  not 
pi-rnilt  of  [jropt-r  discussion  of  con- 
strui'tioii  nittliods  used  in  the  erection 
of  a  bascule  bridge.  It  may  be  of 
interest  to  note  that  eiahteen  months 
are  required  to  complete  the  construc- 
tion. Also  that  during  that  time  traf- 
fic Ls  diverted  over  a  temporary 
bridge,  or  sometimes  over  the  exist- 
ing swing  bridge.  The  change-over 
from  the  okl  to  tlie  new  bridge  is  gen- 
erallv  accomplished  with  only  a  few 
days   inconvenience   to  traffic. 

A  short  time  ago  bids  were  taken 
for  the  sub^structure  portion  of  a  new 
bridge  at  State  Street  to  replace  a 
thirty-five-year-old  rolling-lift  bas- 
cule. The  replacement  of  this  bridge 
resulted  from  the  construction  of  the 
State  .'Street  subwav. 


.\nother  rolling-lift  bridge,  also 
about  thirty-tix'f  years  old,  at  Canal 
-Street  ne.ar  (ermak  Road  is  to  be 
replaced  sliorth'  uitli  a  modern  bas- 
.■ule. 

l'ron\  these  instances,  some  idea 
of  the  "life"  of  a  bascule  bridge  in 
Chicago  is   obtained. 

Maintenance 

Witii  forty  years  .assumed  life  of 
a  bascule  and  with  a  system  of  tifty- 
si.\  movable  bridges,  it  follows  that 
rei)l;icements  should  be  at  the  rate 
of  about  tbrie  liridges  every  two 
ye.irs.  I'roni  1!H)0  to  \927.  rapid  and 
wide  change  in  trafh<'  requirements, 
together  with  jjcriods  of  economic 
stress,  gave  rise  to  many  complex 
m.iintenancc  problems. 

.Vfter    1!)22  the  depression  stopped 


new  bridge  construetion  and  lowered 
the  standard  of  maintenance.  Condi- 
tions reached  such  a  stage  that  in 
19-28  a  bond  issue  of  .iil. 000.000  was 
passed  by  the  voters  for  the  moderni- 
zation of  nine  bridges  for  which  re- 
building was  not  required  and  for 
which  funds  were  not  available.  The 
main  factor  in  this  situation  was  the 
light  floor  system,  designed  for  the 
liiihter  and  slower  iiorse-drawn  ve- 
hicles and  not  aiile  to  cope  witli  tiie 
mod<rii  he.ivy  .and  f.ist-moving  traffic. 
I'lie  new  floors  were  stronger  and 
hcaxier.  ent.illing  additional  counter- 
weight, all  of  w'iiieh  added  about  100 
tons  to  each  leaf.  This,  together  with 
tile  increased  loadings  and  the  fact 
that  some  of  these  structures  were 
thirty  or  more  years  old,  and  badly 
(Turn  to   page  52) 


May,  1941 


23 


BEHIND   DEFENSE 


By 
KANARDY    L.   TAYLOR 


A^    tin M     Mcir(l>   arr    writtrri    ,i    iiilli 


l.ir\  p.-iradr  i-.  |)a^siiiir  l)y  lu  low  my 
wiiuiow  on  tin-  Amiur-  iii.irti.il  nui 
sic.  uniforms,  flags,  miins,  tliousaiids 
of    vouns;   men    trained    in    tin-    art    of 


,a\  .    hourM 


tli(  IT    is    .1    dilVir         iliitrical.    mnlianiial,   cluniical.     And 


rncf.    Tlic   front  lines  an-  not   limited.  luliind    the    cnuineers    are    long   years 

'I'lie    front    lines    of   defense    to(la\     iie  of    stnily,    hours    upon    hours    spent    in 

elude  our  m.muf.aetures   and   trauspor  the  library  with  hooks  and  inaffazines, 

tation,    our    a<;rieulture     and     minini;-.  theses    and     n  ports,     documents     and 

lefense,  that   liurninii:  question  in  our       our   entire   industri.al    set-up.      And   in  dusty    records. 

minds   today — reminiscent    of   twenty-       all  of  these  our  prime  mo\ers  are  our  Thouiih  ))erhaps  not  so  romantic  as 

five  years  a«o.                                                      engineers     and     tr.iined      teilinicians :  p.irades,    today    the    lihraries    of    our 


General    Reading    Room:   The   John   Crerar    Library. 


24 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


country  are  ftLliiif;  their  new  impor- 
tance. esiK'cinlly  those  devoted  to.  or 
having  special  collections  of,  the  pure 
and  applied  sciences. 

Located  at  one  of  the  busiest  cor- 
ners of  the  world,  at  Michigan  Ave- 
nue and  Randolph  street,  stands  an 
iiistitutiini  little  known,  or  entirely 
unknown,  hy  the  man  in  the  street. 
From  the  outside  the  tifteen-story 
stone-front  building  looks  little  dif- 
ferent from  an\'  of  its  neighbors 
standing  stiffly  about  in  their  cold  dig- 
nity. Inside,  however,  is  housed  the 
priceless  collection  of  one  of  the 
world's  finest  and  most  complete  sci- 
entific and  technical  libraries.  Far 
above  the  blatant  noises  of  the  street 
are  three  large  quiet  reading  rooms 
filled  with  assiduous  students  rubbing 
elbows  with  engineers,  chemists,  doc- 
tors— men  of  repute  who  are  leaders 
in   their    respective    fields. 

Through  the  oftice  and  reference 
departments  flow  hundreds  of  letters 
from  every  state  in  the  Union,  from 
Canada,  Mexico,  South  America ;  let- 
ters from  individuals,  from  industrial 
companies,  from  state  and  federal 
government  agencies,  from  private, 
public,  college  and  university  libra- 
ries. Some  ask  for  information  on 
specific  questions,  some  ask  for  selec- 
tive bibliographies  ■on  given  subjects, 
and  the  libraries  usually  ask  for  a 
loan  or  a  photostat  of  the  highly 
technical  material  which  they  them- 
selves arc  unable  to  supply  to  their 
readers.  The  entire  building  is  a 
beehive  of  scholarly  activity  and  re- 
search. 

But,  all  of  this  was  not  always  so. 
The  John  Crerar  Library  grew  to  its 
present  stature  from  a  humble  begin- 
ning on  the  rented  sixth  floor  of  the 
old  Marshall  Field  Building  at  the 
corner  of  Washington  Street  and  Wa- 
bash Avenue  in  the  year  189.5. 

Mr.  Crerar,  who  was  for  many 
years  a  prominent  citizen  of  Chicago, 
was  born  in  New  York  in  1827;  he 
was  educated  there,  and  there  entered 
business.  In  1862  he  came  to  Chicago 
and  established  the  firm  of  Crerar. 
Adams  &  Company,  dealers  in  rail- 
road supplies.  He  died  October  10. 
1889. 

Besides  specific  bequests  made  to 
relatives,  friends,  and  charitable  and 
public  institutions,  he  provided  by  his 
will  for  the  "erection,  creation,  main- 
tenance, and  endowment  of  a  free 
public  library  ,  .  .  for  all  time."  The 
amount  thus  bequeathed  w.'is  esti- 
mated at  the  tinir  to  be  about 
$2,.)()0  000. 

It  was  arranued  by  Mr.  Crtr.ir, 
who  m.ade  the  first  appointments  in 
his  will,  that  the  management  of  the 
Library  should  be  controlled  by  a 
board     of     fifteen     members,     two     of 


which,  the  Mayor  and  Comptroller  of 
(  liie.ago.  were  tii  be  r\  otficid  mini 
l>ers. 

.\s  a  result  of  a  series  ot  cuiiti  r 
inees  with  the  trustees  of  the  Chicago 
I'liblie  ;ind  the  Newberry  Libraries 
it  w.is  decided  that  the  special  field 
lit  the  John  Crer/ir  Library  should  be 
that  ot  the  natural,  physical,  and  so 
ei;il  sciences,  and  tlicir  api)lication. 
thus  supplementing  the  existing  and 
))rospective  collections  of  Chicago. 

And  so,  after  a  definition  of  the 
scope  of  the  future  collection,  imme- 
diate action  on  organization  was  com 
menced.  Mr.  Clement  W.  Andrews, 
then  Librarian  of  the  ^Massachusetts 
Institute  of  Technology,  was  elected 
by  the  lioard  as  the  first  librarian. 
After  weeks  of  preparation,  including 
many  (■<niferences  and  visits  to  various 
established  libraries  in  the  East,  Mr. 
.Vndrews  chose  his  staff  and  the  real 
beginning  of  the  Library  was  made 
with  the  entry  of  the  first  book  on 
February    13,    1896. 

More  than  8,000  volumes,  including 
practically  the  entire  collection  of 
Natural  Sciences  and  L'seful  Arts  of 
the  Newberry  Library,  were  trans 
ferrcd  to  the  John  Crerar,  constituting 
in    1896  the  first  important  purchase. 

The  crowds  of  visitors,  during  the 
first  three  days  set  aside  for  inspec- 
tion after  the  Library  was  officially 
opened  to  the  public  in  April,  1897. 
proved  the  w-ide-spread  interest  of 
Chicagoans  in  their  newly  established 
free  public  reference  library.  Tli.it 
first  year  the  total  attendance  was 
18,. 581,  or  a  daily  average  of  80;  in 
1940  total  calls  for  books  were 
.354,223  with  a  daily  average  of  1169. 
Then  our  book  stock  stood  at  29.1  1 1  : 
today  it  has  passed  the  6.50.000  mark. 

From  that  time  on  it  is  a  story  of 
rapid  growth  and  expansion.  In  ad- 
dition to  the  regular  trade  hooks. 
special  collections  were  acquired 
through  the  following  years,  including 
the  famous  Ely  library  of  economics 
and  sociology,  the  Gerritsen  collec- 
tion on  finance,  labor,  and  general 
sociology,  the  transfer  of  the  Medical 
l)ei)artment  of  the  Newberry  Library 
and  of  the  Senn  collection  on  surgery 
and  physiology,  the  Martin  collection 
on  gynecology  and  obstetrics,  and  the 
Levasseur  collection  of  maps. 

A  building  fund  had  been  provided 
by  the  Directors  from  the  bcgiiniing. 
and  by  1911.  tile  Library  h.iving 
grown  to  oecnpv  several  floors  of  the 
.M;irsh,ill  Field'  Building,  it  seemed 
th.it  the  time  h.iil  come  when  thought 
must  be  given  to  the  permament 
housing  of  the  colleetion.  The  build- 
ing fund  ha\ing  inerr.ised  to  an 
.luiount  to  warrant  such  action.  ))ur- 
chasc  of  the  site  at  the  northwest 
corner  of  Michigan  Avenue  and  Ran- 


iloiph  Strrrt  w,■l^  iii.ulc  ill  .May.  Utll'. 
(  (instriietion  of  the  Lilir.-iry's  new  and 
lirrmaiunt  home  began  in  1919  and 
till  building  was  dedicated  a  little 
o\er  a  year  and  a  half  later  in  192i. 
Probably  few  jieople  passing  by  8(> 

Fast  li.-inilnlpl,  ever  liotier  thi'  ill 
serifition  ■Th.  .loliii  (  r.  r.-ir  l.ilir.ir>  " 
iler|,ly  iiigr.nril  in  l.-ii-.j.,-  letters  in 
the  stone  over  the  wide  entr.inee.  or 
see  the  bronze  tablet  at  the  side  in 
forming  them  of  the  nature  of  the 
institution. 

Inside  the  entrance  one  finds  a 
be.iutitully  executed  foyer  with  marble 
floor,  stone  walls  with  simjile  and  re- 
strained ornamental  carxing.  and  over 
all  a  beamed  ceiling  beautifully  col- 
ored in  dull  blue  with  conventional 
designs  in  gold. 

-Vt  the  left  are  three  vaulted  arches 
screened  by  wrought-iron  grilles,  fine 
in  design  and  workmanship,  like  the 
entrance  gates  to  a  chapel.  Behind 
these  are  the  elevators,  plain  and 
utilitarian  but  dignified  in  design. 
Today,  the  first  three  floors  of  the 
building  are  given  over  to  stores  and 
offices,  this  corner  of  the  "loop  "  being 
an  ideal  spot  from  the  merchant's 
point  of  view.  Eight  levels  or  "floors" 
of  stacks  are  housed  on  the  fourth  to 
the  ninth  floors  of  the  building,  where 
sixteen  miles  of  shelving  hold  the 
major  part  of  the  650,000  volumes 
and  tens  of  thousands  of  pamphlets. 

.Stepping  from  the  elevator  out  on 
to  the  tenth  floor,  (where  you  may  go 
only  if  you  have  permission),  you  will 
see  the  "wheels  going  'round."  Here 
are  the  Accessions,  Order.  Continua- 
tions, Cataloguing  and  Classification 
l)e|)artments,  arranged  in  this  "flow- 
sheet' order  around  the  one  big  room 
which  takes  up  the  entire  floor. 
(Efliciency  has  to  be  considered  in  a 
librarj'  as  well  as  in  an  automobile 
f actor J-.)  In  the  middle  is  the  nerve 
center  of  the  Library,  the  huge  official 
catalog  and  the  shelf-list  with  its  tel- 
autograph communication  with  the 
fourteenth-floor  delivery  desk.  It  is 
throuah  the  routine  of  all  these  de- 
]).irtments  that  each  book  must  pass 
liefore  it  is  ready  for  the  patron  in 
the  reading  room.  This  is.  in  effect. 
the  clinic  wheri'  neither  the  book  nor 
its  .inthor  can  boast  any  secrets  after 
the  trained  technici.ms  h.ive  finished 
their  job  of  tr.acing  down  the  remotest 
of  bibliogra))hic.il  .ind  biogr.ijiliie.il 
(l.it.i.  This  is  ;in  important,  nuticu 
lous.  slow,  .ind  ex)»-nsive  process.  It 
h.is  been  estim.ited  that  each  entry 
c.irricd  through  routine  costs  the 
l,ibr.ir\  .ibout  >■■_'. (111.  which  is  .-i  eon 
sidcraldc  .inioiHit  to  be  added  to  the 
origin.il   |)urcli;isc   price  of  an  item. 

Tin-  m.iii  who  bears  the  brunt  of  all 
resiionsibilitiis  smiles  from  behind  his 
big,   glass-topiicd.   mahogany   desk   .is 


May,   1941 


25 


\vr  inter  Iun  priv.iti  dtfiir  oil  tin- 
(•l.vciitli  Hoor.  Out  the  lar-^i-,  dr.-iprd 
\viii(li)MS  to  tlif  south  Wf  look  dow  ji 
upon  tin-  Cliica-^o  Pul)lio  [.ilirary, 
(iraiit  Park,  tin-  Art  Institute,  Ticld 
Mustuiii;  out  till-  cast  window  we  meet 
till-  eviT  ilianjiin-i  beauty  of  Lake 
Mi<liiiran.  On  tlie  walls  heiiind  us. 
to  tlie  riirjit  of  us.  to  the  left  of  us. 
on  tallies,  on  Im\  desk,  are  hook- 
small,  l.arin-.  old.  new  hooks  of  every 
deseri|itioii.  In  tliis  room  is  lioiised 
on.-  of  till-  lliiest  i-olleetions  of  Amrr 
iean;i.  person.-illy  owni-d  .iiui  eolleeti-d 
liy  this  eminent  si-!iolar  himself 
tliroujjhout  his  m.-my  years  as  <ine  ol 
our  outstandinsr  hihliojiliiles. 

Never  too  l)usy  for  a  friendly  smile, 
a  iiieasant  word,  lie  sits  hack  in  his 
liiij  chair,  strikes  a  matcii.  slowly 
strok<'s  the  droojiinir  ends  of  his  mils 
t,-iehe  with  the  hit  of  his  |iip(-  as  lie 
holds  the  mat(-li  to  tin-  tolia<-c-o  and. 
hi-for<-  we  know  it.  we  are  in  tilt-  midst 
of  a  story,  told  .is  no  one  els<-  can 
tell  it.  of  this  hook,  of  that  author, 
or  of  th.it  collection;  never  fiction. 
.-ilways  true  stories,  always  with  the 
human  interest  as  the  chief  element. 
His  more  than  thirty-five  years  of  as- 
sociation with  the  Library  have  u;ivt-ii 
Dr.  J.  Christian  Hay  a  background, 
.-in  acquaint.-iiu'i',  and  a  respect  in  the 
profession.-d  world  to  be  envied  liy  all. 
Uesides  the  private  office  of  the 
I.ihr.-irian.  the  other  offices,  tlie  I)in-e- 
tors'  Uoom.  where  tile  Board  meets 
c|U.irterly,  :in<l  .-i  suite  rented  to  the 
Kesi-areii  Librarian  of  the  Western 
l-'.lectric  ('oni|)any,  are  located  on  the 
eleventii  floor.  Here,  too,  is  the 
kitchen  and  lunch  room,  equipped  with 
a  fias  stove,  refrigerator,  sink,  electric 
!,rrill,  dishes,  .-md  tables  to  seat  twenty 
|ieoplc,  where  anyone  on  the  staff  may 
prc])arc  his  lunch. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  twelfth 
Hoor  is  tiie  .Medical  Department  with 
'ts  own  catalog  and  its  reading  room 
shelves  fill<-(l  with  the  important  ref- 
erence tools,  in(h-xes,  and  outstandinif 
soiircit  books  in  tin;  medical  sciences. 
Hire  wi-  lind  the  recentlj'  compiled 
I  nioii  Medic-.il  Catalog  containinir 
(-.-irds  for  books  in  all  of  the  imiior 
t.-int  medie.il  libraries  in  the  Chic-igo 
.ire.i.  including  Northwestern  L'niver- 
sity  .Medical  and  Dental,  University 
of  Illinois  Medical  and  Dental,  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago,  Rush  Medical 
Ci>lleg(-,  ,111(1  Loyola  L'niversity.  l?y 
use  of  this  cat.alog  it  may  be  aseer 
t;iiru-d  what  library  has  a  given  book, 
liee.-inse  of  till-  .loliii  Crcrar's  own  ex 
ei-llent  medical  eoll.-etion  and  also  be 
<'.-iiise    id     its    ei-ntralized     loc.ition.    it 


th. 


this 


was     ilecKle.l      li\      tile      spoi 
Institute     of      Mr.lieilir.     to 
e,-it;.log    reliiMiii    lien  . 

In    this    dep.-irtiiH  III.    too.    are    ki-pt 
.dl  of  the  ciirri-nt  nimibers  of  the  mid 


ii-al  pi-riodie.-ils.  .\  medical  reference 
lilir.iri.in  is  .dw.-iys  on  h.ind  to  give  in- 
dividiial  .lid  in  tin-  use  of  th<-  catalog 
.-md  the  numerous  bibliograpiiie  tools. 
The  readers  here,  as  might  be  ex- 
liectcd,  are  for  the  most  jiart  doctors 
and  students  of  medicine. 

The  I'i-riodic;il  Dep.-irtmi  iit.  with 
its  own  staff,  occupies  tin  south  side 
ol  the  tw.-lfth  Hoor  and  here  more 
th.-iii  ••!.")()()  m;iga/.ines  in  tin-  speei.-il 
fields  eo\cred  by  the  Libr.-iry  .-ire  cur- 
rently reeei\ed.  reeorded.  .-irid  pl.-ieed 
on  the  shehes  wliire  the  re;iders  may 
i-onsiilt  them  without  ;iny  formality. 
Consider.-ible  eorri-spondence  is  neces- 
s.ir\  in  this  department,  claiming 
o\erdiii  issues,  and  keeping  the  Hies 
up  to  date.  (In  addition  to  these  reg- 
ular periodicals  the  Library  reeiivcs 
.-ibont  10,000  "continuations"  which 
include  annual  reports,  yearbooks, 
irregularly  issued  bulletins,  etc..  which 
.in  n-eorded  on  the  tenth  floor  in  the 
( Oiitinuations    Department. ■> 

l-'rec  checking  service  for  coats  and 
p.ircels  is  maintained  on  the  thirteenth 
Hoor.  where  Library  regulations  pre- 
scribe that  all  brief  cases.  b;igs.  ,ind 
umbrellas  must  be  checked. 

The  Cu-neral  Reference  De))artment 
.111(1  reading  room  on  the  fourteenth 
door,  with  its  vaulted  ceiling  and  t.-dl. 
wide  windows  is  used  chiefly  by  re- 
si  .-ireli  workers  in  all  fields, — students, 
writers,  and  business  men.  A  selected 
collection  of  about  8,000  volumes,  in- 
tended to  include  the  chief  reference 
tools  in  the  fields  covered  by  the 
Library,  are  on  the  shelves  in  this 
room,  quickly  available  for  immediate 
use  by  the  reader  as  well  as  the  ref- 
erence librarians  who  make  extensive 
d.iily  use  of  the  numerous  special 
h.-indbooks.  technical  dictionaries,  en- 
cyclopedias, and  indexes. 

Two  of  the  most  useful  tools  for  the 
(-ngiiu-ers  are  tlie  Engineering  Index, 
which  indexes  articles  in  more  than 
I'.OOO  engineering  and  technical  peri- 
ixlic.ils,  and  Chemical  Abstracts, 
whi<h  covers  in  a  similar  manner 
I>r.-ictically  all  of  tin-  chemical  peri 
odic.ils. 

The  huge  Union  Catalog,  sometimes 
referred  to  as  the  "Dep  Cat,"  occu- 
pies the  entire  wall  space  on  the 
fifteenth  Hoor  ;iiid  contains  over 
2,000,000  c.irds  from  l.irge  public  and 
iiniM-rsity  libraries  sc.-ittcred  .-icross 
th.  United  .Stat.s.  including  a  depos 
itory  collection  of  Libr.-iry  of  Cmi 
ii-n  ss  .-.-mis.  Ka.-li  of  th.s,-  .-..ntrib 
iitiiii;-  libr.-iri.-s  li.-is  mh-Ii  .-i  union  (-,-it 
alog  in.i.l.  up  of  th,-  .-,-ir.ls  from  tli.- 
oth.-rs.  I'liiis.  by  l.-.-irning  from  this 
.-.-it.-ilog  th.-it  on.-  of  (111-  othi-r  libr.-iri.s 
h.-is  a  book  not  in  its  own  .-ollectioii. 
.-my  libr.-iry  can  supplem.-nt  its  coll.-.- 
lion  through  flu-  systi-m  of  iiit.-r 
libr.-iry    lo.-m.    photostat,    or    mii-ro  lilm 


scrvict-.  This  is  of  the  grc/itist  value 
t.i  res.-an-li  work,  rs  who  might  other- 
wise be  d.-pri\.<l  of  mat.-rial  pertinent 
to  their  work. 

The  John  Crerar  tends  to  be  more 
of  a  collection  of  "live"  and  practical 
material,  the  tyi)c  of  books  IJacon  sug- 
gested were  to  bi-  "chewed  r.nd 
iligcsted."  Ikit,  as  might  be  supposed. 
it  is  not  always  our  most  recent  books 
that  we  value  as  having  the  gr.-atest 
potential.  I'or  this  reason  we  arc 
proud  of  those  books  in  our  stacks 
which  furnish  us  with  unusual  his- 
toric.-d  souri-e  niateri;il  in  the  field  of 
industrial  paper  making,  the  knowl- 
edge and  art  of  dyes  and  dyeing,  and 
the  collection  on  aviation  which  in- 
cludes the  library  of  Octave  Chanute, 
famous  jjionccr  in  aeronautics  and 
father  of  the  biplane.  Espcci.-illy 
strong  are  the  historical  classics  in 
mechanics  and  railroad  engineering. 
It  would  be  interesting,  but  imprac- 
tical here,  to  list  individually  some  of 
the  rare  and  outstanding  works;  it 
would  be  difficult  to  know  when  tt) 
end  such  a  list. 

.\nswering  questions  is,  of  course, 
the  principal  function  of  this,  as  of 
,-dl  American  libraries.  The  university 
))rofcssor,  the  engineer,  the  special 
investigator,  the  factory  worker,  the 
college  student,  and  the  casual  visitor, 
have  equal  claims  on  our  service.  And 
questions  we  do  handle,  by  the  hun- 
dreds, by  letter,  by  telephone,  and 
"over-the-counter."  Primarily,  we  are 
a  reference  library,  but  in  19f0  we 
loaned  2,677  volumes  on  2, .362  re- 
quests from  389  institutions.  We  do 
not  invite  inquiries  in  fields  foreign 
to  our  scope,  and  actually  turn  down 
requests  of  a  trivial  nature,  such  as 
jnizzle  and  contest  questions,  as  we 
feel  that  our  time  and  efforts  will  be 
well  enough  occupied  if  we  deal  with 
none  but  the  serious  matters. 

Those  persons  coming  to  the 
Library  for  the  first  time  are  usually 
ipiite  surprised  with  the  fast  service 
with  which  their  books  are  brought  up 
from  the  stacks,  and  usually,  too,  are 
intrigued  by  the  automatic  book  lift. 
This  machine,  after  being  dialed  like 
an  ordin.irv  tchphone.  autom.-itit-.illy 
|)ieks  u|)  a  bo.)k  from  any  floor  .ind 
delivi-rs  it  t.i  th.-  desired  station  on 
aiiv  oth.r  H.ior.  In  addition  to  this 
.-.im.-y.ir.  which  has  twentv-two  bas- 
kits  .111  .-1  (-ontinuoiisly  moving  chain, 
tbi-ri-  .-in-  two  l.-irge-capaeity  lifts  for 
books  too  larg.-  to  ride  on  the  con- 
v.-yor.  With  this  .-(luipment  the  avcr- 
•  ig,  l.-iigth  of  till!.-  on  a  call  (from 
th.  tiiiu-  th.-  n-a.l.-r  h.-inds  his  slip  in 
.-it  th.-  d.-sk  until  the  book  is  in  his 
li.ind )   is  ."!.  1  minutes. 

To   handh-   th.-    10.000  y.arly   .lei-es- 

sioiis.     to     .■x..-iit.-     till-     iiiultitudinous 

(Turn   to    page   53) 


26 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


WESTERN     ELECTRIC 


r^V** 


m^i^'^- 


'^^?^/L' 


•Mmmm 


fe«p 


^Mw^^i^ 


?"*.'.  5,?:  g^i'm 


■m^m^' 


"WE'RE   COMPLETING   THIS 
7    MONTH    TELEPHONE  JOB 

IN  5  WEEKS!" 


"and  that's  good  news 
for  the  National  Defense!" 

At  Western  Electric  we're  prmlucinii  telejihone  equipment  for 
use  now  which  normally  would  not  be  required  for  the  Bell 
System's  nation^ode  ser\-ice  for  two  or  more  years. 

jNIore  than  a  year  ago  we  befran  to  plan  for  the  impendino;  need — 
to  make  ready  our  people,  our  plants,  our  machines,  our  materials. 

So  we're  prepared  when  a  rush  order  comes  from  L  ncle  Sam 
to  ecjuip  Camp  Edwards  or  Camp  Beaurejiard  with  adequate  tele- 
phone facilities.  Thirty  million  feet  of  wire?  Yes,  in  a  sinjile  order. 

"More  telephones  for  these  new  plants."  is  the  urjient  demand 
of  aircraft  manufacturers  and  other  defense  industries.  Western 
Electric"s  response  cuts  weeks  and  even  months  out  of  usual  pro- 
duction schedules. 

So  in  this  time  of  need,  as  in  calmer  days.  Western  Electric's 
long  experience  and  manufacturin|z  facilities  are  demonstrating 
their  worth  to  the  nation. 


Western  Electric 


.  .  is  bark  of  your 
Bell  Telephone  service 


May,   1941 


27 


THE   DEFENSE   TRAINING 

PROGRAM:  A  PROGRESS 

REPORT 


'I'wiiitv-six  ((iiirMs,  luir  liiiiidrid 
.'jrid  twiiitv  tour  sictioMs.  thirty  two 
liiiiiclr.d  -.tuclriits  tll.sc  l.ricf  st.itis 
tic's  npiirt  til.'  .■iirrnil  st.itii^  oi  tin- 
Kiiiliincriiiii  l)(trrisc  '('r.-iiiiini;  l'ri> 
i-r.-iiu. 

Till  li(i;imiiiii'-  i>t  this  Prcitiraiii  u.is 
(l.si-rilitd  in  the  Manli  isMic  nf  tin 
Ahmoiu  K.\(iiNKH:ii.  Aiitliori/.id  liy 
the  r.  S.  ()ffi<-,-  of  Kilucation  .-.nil 
Hiiiiiicid  l)_v  tlif  I'idir.il  (iovirmiiint. 
tlir  courses  were  started  for  tile  pur 
pose  of  relieving  tile  shortage  of 
engineers  which  now  confronts  the  na- 
tion. Sliort-tinie,  intensive  instruc- 
tion, in  specific  subjects  whicli  apply 
directly  to  defense  industry,  is  tin 
method  which  the  Defense  Training 
Program  has  adojitcd  as  an  answer 
to  this  demand  for  teclmieally  trained 
men. 

'I'lie  first  I'rogram  lieg.ui  larly  in 
.laniiary:  tlu-  res])onse  to  it  showed 
that  there  was  a  treiiiendons  demand 
for  training  of  this  nature.  Coiise- 
(pieiitly.  after  the  Institute's  regular 
second  semester  night-school  hegan. 
the  second  Program  was  organized. 
KIcMii  of  the  most  useful  courses 
from  the  first  Progr.am  were  ret.-iiried, 
and.  after  a  study  of  th.-  evident 
needs,  tin  new  coursis  were  ])ro 
posed.  The  approval  of  the  U.  .S. 
Olliee  of  Kdueation  was  ohtained. 
•and.  with  the  assist.anci'  of  .Mex.aiider 
.Selireiher.  .\.I.'l'.  ';17.  a  campaign 
was  hegun  to  inform  the  eitv  of  Chi- 
cago of  the  new  Program.  F-etters 
and  posters  were  si  iit  to  i  very  manu- 
facturing establishment  in  the  eitv. 
and  to  schools  and  libr.aries  as  well. 
A  bulletin  was  [in  par.d  which  listed 
the  ccnirses,  and  g.i\e  the  prerequisites 
and  specifications  for  each.  This  bul- 
letin, with  .an  explanatory  letter,  was 
sent  to  all  members  of  the  jirofes- 
sional  engineering  snciities  in  Chi- 
<;igo.  The  res])onse  was  imniedi.ite 
and  great.  .Ajiplieations  poured  in 
by  tile  thousand,  .md  .i  speci.il  st.ilV 
of  interviewers  w.as  recruited  from  the 
senior  members  of  Pi  Tau  Sigma. 
honor.iry  Mech:inic;d  Kngineering  fra 
tcrnity.  The  applicants  for  the  sec 
ond     I'rogram     were     bitter     (lu.alified 


tii.iii  those  for  th,  first.  i)roliahly  be 
cause  the  [ire requisites  for  each  course 
were  sit  forth  specifically  in  the  bill 
letiii.  Only  one  out  of  each  five  who 
.ipjilied  for  the  first  Program  )iro\ed 
to  be  (|ualified.  while  almost  one  half 
of  thosi  who  sought  places  in  the 
SI  eoiid  were  el.-issified  as  eligible. 
Thanks  to  the  \,ry  effective  public- 
ity, the  Program  attracted  a  large 
number  of  college  graduates,  with  a 
respectable  number  of  Masters  and 
Doctors  of  various  sciences.  Some 
of  the  latter  were  immediately  drafted 
into  service  as  instructors. 

Class  schedules  were  arranged  by 
Dean  Rogers,  the  director  of  the  De- 
fense Training  Program,  who  took 
over  every  room  on  both  the  Lewis 
and  the  Armour  campuses  which  was 
not  otherwise  occupied.  None  of  the 
regular  evening  classes  was  disturbed, 
but  it  cannot  be  said  that  any  great 
length  of  time  elapsed  between  the 
de|)arture  of  the  regular  evening  stu- 
dents from  their  classrooms  and  the 
entrance  of  the  Defense  men  1  Inci- 
dentally, the  enrollment  in  the  regular 
cMiiing  school,  in  the  college  credit 
ecmrses,  was  not  adversely  affected. 
The  Defense  Program  has  apjjarently 
brought  into  the  night  school  an  en- 
tirely new  grouj).  It  is  to  be  hoped 
th.it  these  men  will  continue  in  their 
(irogram  of  self-development  after  the 
De  tense  Tr.iining  Program  has  been 
discontinued. 

The  teaching  staff  in  the  new  Pro- 
gram is  .■igaiii  eoiii|iosed  of  men  taken 
from  industry.  .Vrnnuir  alumni  .-ire 
prominently  represented,  as  they 
were  \i\  the  first  group  of  courses. 
The  designation  of  certain  instruc- 
tors to  ;ict  .'Is  "\iee  presidents"  in 
charge  of  their  partieiil.ir  courses  has 
proven  very  satisf.ictory,  ;uid  has  con- 
tributed Very  Largely  to  the  success 
of  the  Progr.im.  P.irticul.ir  recogni- 
tion should  be  giMii  to  P.iiil  .\.  Carl 
ston.-.  A.  1/1'.  :!.!,  .\I.i:..  for  his  work 
in  the  I'.leinent.ary  .Machine  Design 
course,  .\mong  his  instructors  in  the 
second  Program  are  <).  Kliina,  .V.I.T. 
■.it.  .M.K.,  and  A.  Keatinii-,  A.I.T.,  'U'fi, 
M.K.   A.  n.  Hrown,  A.I.T,,    15,  E.E., 


set  U|)  six  new  sections  in  Production 
Pl.inning,  a  course  which  h.is  bei-n  in 
lireat  demand.  In  spite  of.  or  per 
iiaps  because  of,  the  fact  that  the 
wiirk  in  this  course  has  been  rigorous 
and  demanding,  with  frequent  quizzes 
.■mil  time  eonsinning  homework,  inter- 
est li.is  been  niaint.-iined  at  .-i  high 
peak. 

Th.  proof  of  success  in  these  De- 
fense Courses  is  continued  attend- 
•iiiee.  since  the  student  invests  only 
his  time,  and  takes  away  knowledge 
rather  than  academic  credit.  The 
first  derivative  of  attendance  with  re- 
spect to  time,  to  express  the  matter 
m.itlieni.itic.dly,  is  the  criterion  by 
which  the  excellence  of  the  course 
.incl  the  instruction  can  be  judged. 
If  the  slope  of  the  attendani-e  curve 
is  /ero.  or  slightly  negative,  tlie  situa- 
tion is  favor.able  or  norm.il.  If  the 
slope  is  large  and  negative,  a  revision 
of  the  course  is  necessary.  If  the 
slope  is  positive,  the  instructor  is  ex- 
ceptionally good  and  his  material  is 
well  organized.  Experience  with  the 
first  Program  indicates  that  the  more 
difficult  the  course,  the  better  will  be 
the  response. 

A  course  which  was  set  up  in  an- 
swer to  a  very  definite  demand  was 
Inspection  and  Quality  Control.  Some 
difficulty  was  experienced  in  finding 
instructors  for  this  subject,  and  the 
assistance  of  R.  M.  Van  \'alkcnburgli. 
University  of  Cincinnati,  Coop,  ':i6, 
was  enlisted.  .\  staff  of  instructors 
was  obtained,  and,  working  together, 
they  laid  out  courses  on  elementary, 
intermediate,  and  advanced  levels. 
Seven  sections  are  now  in  progress, 
one  being  given  especially  for  em- 
))loyees  of  a  large  company  which 
finds  itself  making  milling  m.icliines 
and  gun  mounts  instead  of  more 
jieaceful  merchandise. 

Time  and  Motion  Study  is  again  in 
dem.and,  and  six  sections  are  in  prog 
ress,  under  the  vice-presidency  of 
.Mr.  \'an  \'alkenburgh.  Tool  Design 
is  being  given  in  six  sections,  under 
the  general  sujiervision  of  Professor 
.1.  C.  Kozacka.  Four  sections  of 
Metallography  .are  being  given,  again 
under  Professor  Carpenter's  guid- 
;ince. 

The  .•innouneemeiit  of  the  course  in 
Plasties  brought  more  th.in  two  hun-j 
dred  qualified  a})l)licants,  every  one 
of  whom  possesses  at  least  one  college 
degree.  Three  sections  were  organ- 
ized, with  three  instructors  who  will 
rotate  among  the  sections.  Thus  each 
section  will  cover  the  whole  field,  al- 
though the  order  will  vary.  Samples 
of  hundreds  of  new  jilastics  have  been 
sniiplied  by  leading  m.anufaeturers,  in 
forms    r.iniriiiir    from    colored    discs   to 


28 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


suspenders  and  a  pair  of  dice  (confis- 
cated by  the  chairman  of  the  Defense 
Training  Committee).  The  great  in- 
terest in  Plastics  can  he  traced  in  part 
to  tlie  fact  that  die-casting  metals  are 
becoming  difficult  to  obtain  because 
of  priorities. 

Explosives  is  anotlier  course  which 
has  drawn  a  large  enrollment  of 
highly  qualified  men.  The  first  sec- 
tion, with  more  than  sixty  students, 
is  in  progress,  with  Mr.  Edwin  I.  Cot- 
ter, chief  chemist  of  the  Goldsmith 
Brothers  Refining  and  Smelting  Co.. 
as  instructor.  Mr.  Cotter,  a  graduate 
in  chemistry  from  the  University  of 
Illinois,  took  the  course  in  explosives 
given  at  the  Federal  Explosives 
School  at  Penns  Grove,  N.  J.,  during 
World  War  I,  and  was  cited  for  his 
work  in  explosives.  Dr.  Vasily  Kom- 
arewsky  of  the  Chemistry  Depart- 
ment has  attended  a  special  course  for 
explosives'  instructors  at  Washington 
University,  St.  Louis,  and  will  be  pre- 
pared to  give  a  later  course  in  this 
field. 


A  course  which  is  unique  in  its  con- 
tent and  instruction  methods  is  Ad- 
vanced Testing  Methods,  which  is  be- 
ing supervised  by  Dr.  L.  W.  Wallace, 
Director  of  Research  of  the  Crane 
Co.  This  course  consists  of  thirty 
lectures  on  all  phases  of  modern  ma- 
terials testing,  the  speakers  on  each 
subject  being  the  best  qualified  indi- 
viduals in  the  Chicago  area.  The  lec- 
tures are  being  given  on  Tuesday  and 
Friday  evenings,  in  the  auditorium  at 
Lewis ;  a  smaller  class  room  was 
quickly  outgrown,  and  all  comers  can 
now  be  accommodated. 

Additional  sections  of  the  courses 
listed  in  the  second  Program  are  still 
being  organized  in  some  cases.  \o 
further  extensive  evening  programs 
are  contemplated  for  the  immediate 
future,  although  many  of  the  courses 
in  the  first  Program  will  be  continued 
in  advanced  form  through  the  sum- 
mer. The  adverse  efl'ects  of  good 
weather  upon  attendance  in  evening 
school  indicates  that  an  elaborate 
summer     t\tiiing    jivogram    would    be 


likely  to  encounter  an  adverse  attend- 
ance-time derivative. 

The  "accelerated"  program,  by 
which  the  regular  engineering  curricu- 
lum would  be  speeded  up,  with  con- 
tinuous operation  during  the  summer, 
has  been  abandoned,  because  of  the 
vigorous  protests  of  most  of  the  en- 
gineering schools.  Instead,  many  col- 
leges, with  Illinois  Institute  among 
them,  are  planning  to  offer  full-time 
Defense  Training  Programs.  Plans 
are  now  being  formulated  for  courses 
to  train  technicians  for  certain  specific 
defense  needs,  in  connection  with  the 
aircraft-engine  plants  which  are  now 
under  construction  in  Chicago.  In  ad- 
dition, courses  are  projected  by  whicli 
technical  high-school  and  junior-col- 
lege graduates  can  be  given  intensive 
training  in  the  fundamentals  of  me- 
chanical engineering.  Details  on  this, 
the  third  Engineering  Defense  Train- 
ing Program,  will  be  announced  as 
soon  as  plans  have  been  worked  out 
bv  the  Defense  Training  Committee. 
.1.1.   Yellott. 


OBITUARY 


CHARLES  BEACH  NOLTE 

Charles  Beach  N'olte,  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Illinois  In- 
stitute of  Technology,  died  April  29, 
IStU. 

Mr.  Xolte  was  president  and  direc- 
tor of  Crane  Company,  Chicago,  since 
193-5:  he  had  the  same  posts  with 
Crane  subsidiaries,  including  Crane 
Company  of  Mexico;  Crane,  Ltd., 
Montreal;  Crane  Export  Corporation; 
Crane  Euamelware  Company;  Cana- 
dian Potteries,  Ltd.;  and  Warden- 
King,  Ltd.  He  was  also  a  director  of 
Trenton  Potteries   Company. 

Mr.  Nolte  was  born  in  Mattoon. 
Illinois,  in  188.5.  He  graduated  from 
the  engineering  school  of  the  L'niver- 
sity  of  Illinois,  and  subsequently 
worked  as  mechanical  engineer  at  the 
University's  Engineering  Experiment 
Station.  He  joined  the  Robert  W. 
Hunt  Company  in  1909,  and  was  suc- 
cessively engineer,  manager,  vice- 
president  and  general  manager,  and 
])resi(lent,  general  manager,  and  mem 
ber  of  the  boav.l  of  directors. 

He   was   a    mrinlHr   of   tile   .Vnierie.in 


Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers, 
American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers, 
American  Society  for  Testing  Mate- 
rials, American  Railway  Engineering 
Association,  ^^'estern  Society  of  En- 
gineers, and  the  Newcomen  Society ; 
and  of  the  Chicago  Engineers  Club, 
Chicago  Club.  Union  League  Club. 
L^niversity  Club,  and  South  .Sluire 
Country    Club. 

Funeral  ser\  ices  were  held  May  1 
at  Bryn  Mawr  Community  Clmrtli; 
burial   was   at  Oak  Woods. 

GEORGE    LAWRENCE    SCHERGER 

Doctor  Cii-orge  Lawrence  Scherger. 
for  thirty-four  years  a  member  of  the 
.\rniour  faculty,  died  March  thirty- 
first,  .after  an  illness  of  several  months. 
He  was  sixty-six  years  old. 

Doctor  Scherger  was  born  in  l.aw 
renceburg,  Indiana.  He  took  lli^ 
b.iclielor's  degree  at  Indiana  L  nivcr 
sity.  .and  did  graduate  work  at  tlir 
L  iiiversity  of  I.ii))zig.  the  I'niversity 
ol'  Berlin,  and  Cornell  Univtvsitv. 
wlier,-  lu  r,v.  isril  lii^  I'li.l).  (l.-r.r. 
In      lSfl<i      lie      idiii.d      til.       tanilty     at 


Armour,  and  there  he  conducted 
classes  in  historj-  mitil  1933.  Begin- 
ning in  1929  he  was  assistant  pastor, 
and  later  pastor,  of  St.  Paul's  Evan- 
gelical Lutheran  Church,  and  con- 
tinued his  pastoral  duties  until  his  last 
illness. 

Doctor  Scherger  was  an  earnest 
student  and  [jrolific  writer  on  history 
and  political  science.  His  fluent  and 
interesting  lectures  on  history  will  be 
remembered  by  thousands  of  Arnuiur 
students. 

I'uner.il  services  were  held  at  St. 
P.iul's  Churtli.  .\pril  third,  and  were 
attended  by  a  gathering  of  friends 
which  taxed  the  capacity  of  the  build- 
ing. The  honorary  pallbearers  in- 
cluded CJovernor  Green,  Mayor  Kelly, 
I'nited  St.ates  Senator  Brooks,  Clay- 
ton F.  i^mith.  president  of  the  county 
board:  Karl  Kite],  Carter  H.  Harri- 
•.(111,  collector  of  internal  revenue:  A\'. 
A.  Wieboldt,  Oscar  F.  Meyer,  and 
Doctor  Herin.an  N'.  Bundesen.  Tin 
.ithci.ating  elergyiiian  was  Doetnr 
l.uuis  .\.  (hx-IhI.  |ir.sidrnt  of  tin- 
i:\;nmvli.-al  r.  II  I  h  .■  r  .a  ii  Synod  of 
Anirriea. 


May,   1941 


29 


FIVE  YEARS  WITH  THE  CO-OPS 


L.  J.  Lease 


'I'lu-  (i)  ()|)frativ<-  CoiirM-  in  Mt- 
ili.iiiical  KiiiiiiKcriiijr.  which  startecJ 
Nonic  (ixf  ytars  affo,  foiiiul  itself  Jan- 
uary :i!).  lilU.  wlnii  fifty-seven  men 
were  graduated.  This  was  tlie  largest 
jiraduating  class  in  the  jiistory  of  the 
Meehatiieai  Kngineering  Department 
of  the  Armour  College  of  Engineering. 
.Many  industries  found  themselves  in 
l>o^^ession  of  valualile  talent  at  a  time 
will  II  it  was  much  needed.  Young 
uien.  more  valuable  to  them  than  oth- 
ers that  eould  he  secured  from  outside 
sources  at  any  price,  were  in  positions 
of  rcsponsiliility  wlii<h  were  unusual 
for  men  just  finishing  their  college 
course. 


One  graduate  took  over  the  editor- 
shi))  of  a  company  publication  with  a 
circulation  of  forty-five  thousand;  two 
others,  the  supervision  of  from  tiftv 
to  a  hundred  workers  in  a  rapidly 
growing  defense  project.  One  stu- 
dent yet  to  graduate  was  made  pro- 
duction manager  of  a  division  of  his 
conip.inv  at  the  end  of  his  junior  year. 
'I'lie  history  of  graduates  and  their 
positions,  only  two  months  after  grad- 
uation, would  make  an  interesting 
story. 

.Success  of  any  projiit  is  usually 
closeh'  associated  with  the  intelligent 
cooperation  of  the  jieople  resjjonsihle 
for  carrying  it  forw.ard. 


TABI.K   1 

Le 
T 

nqth 

of 

ime 

F  iniilanieutah 

'I'Hpe  vf 

F.qnipmtnt 

Operations 

in 

to  Be 

Shop 

I'st'il 

Performed 

n 

eeh-.s- 

Mastered 

Milling 

I'l.iin     nn'lling 
ihine 

ma- 

Forming,     strad- 
dling,     liohhing 

16 

Working  knowledge 
o  f      fixtures      a  n  d 

liiiversal     mill 

i  ng 

slotting,    slabbing 

gauges.      Effect     of 

m.-ieluMe 

facing.      sawing 

material    upon    ma- 

Hand  mill 

\irtical     milling 

chineahility.     Efi'ect 

.\utomatic   mill 

and  milling. 

of  various  coolants. 

llohhing  mill 

(irubbing,    n.irrou 

Elements     atTecting 

Pantograph  or 

groo\  ing    .ind     en- 

accuracy.     Removal 

Kngraving  mael 

iiu- 

irraving. 

of     metal     at     high 

speed      with     accu- 

racy.    Reasons    for 

various     types     o  f 

machines. 

Heat  Large     oven-type    Annealing 

Treating      general    utility    fur-    Hardening 
naees  Tempering 

.Small     oven-type     Carburizing 
general    utility   fur-     Nitriding 
naces  Cyaniding 

Controlled  -  atmos-     .Spheroidizing 
phere   furn.ices  Coloring 

Tempering  furnaces 
Eorge   furnaces 
R  o  t  a  r  y     general- 
utility    furnaces 
.Salt-bath   furnaces 
I.ead-pot  furnaces 
( A]]  with  phyrome- 
ler  control   or   indi- 
cation) 


I'nderstanding  o  f 
the  principles  of 
heat  treatment  of 
))lain  and  alloyed 
steels. 

Knowledge  of  treat- 
ment for  cast  irons. 
L'luierstanding  o  f 
causes  for  change 
in  shape. 

Reason  for  selec- 
tion of  specific  type 
of  furnace. 


The  industries  which  have  had  the 
greatest  success  with  this  co-operative 
program  arc  the  industries  which  have 
])ut  more  than  a  pay  envelope  into  it. 
Many  industries  have  a  highly  devel- 
c'|)ed  plan  of  procedure  for  their  pairs 
of  students  from  the  time  they  start 
as  freshmen  to  graduation.  Some  also 
have  a  pay  schedule,  cither  weekly  or 
hourly,  which  carries  definite  periodic 
increases  in  pay  over  the  five  years, 
Tlic  hours  of  work  may  be  shortened 
during  depression  but  the  rates  usu- 
ally are  carried  through.  Some  shop 
jilans  require  study  of  machines  and 
processes  on  which  the  student  must 
report,  sometimes  in  class,  sometimes 
in  writing.  .Such  a  program  requires 
.in  instructor  or  supervisor  with  whom 
the  students  must  work  or  to  whom 
the  students  must  present  tlie  written 
reports.  .Students  in  such  industries 
have  a  feeling  of  belonging;  they 
are  usually  boosters  and  have  con- 
tinued to  work  for  the  companies  with 
which   they   spent  their  college   days. 

Most  industries  have  much  that 
may  be  learned  in  addition  to  the  im 
mediate  job  and  how  to  perform  it 
correctly.  Several  industries  use  a 
plan  like  that  shown  in  Table  I,  in 
which  the  student  must  learn  things 
.about  production  tools  and  make  re- 
ports. Under  such  a  plan  the  student,? 
get  the  maximum  education.  Thev  not 
only  learn  what  the  college  has  to 
offer  but  learn  the  maximum  from 
their  contacts  in  the  factories. 

A  very  simple  plan  is  shown  in  Ta- 
ble II.  which  also  shows  the  pay  in- 
creases. The  works  manager  for  the 
company  using  this  plan  made  it  his 
business  to  see  the  students  once  or 
twice  each  two  months  and  discuss 
their  problems.  He  has  not  lost  anv 
graduates  to  another  company.  The 
students  may  not  follow  these  plans 
in  the  order  in  which  they  arc  set  up, 
on  account  of  varying  conditions  in 
the  plants,  but  over  the  five  years  all 
the  items  would  be  covered. 

One  company,  in  which  the  students 
work  on  processes  rather  than  tools, 
requires  a  complete  report  on  the 
processes  involved  and  what  the  stu- 
dents have  learned.  These  reports  are 
long  and  detailed  and  the  assistant 
chief  engineer  goes  over  the  reports 
with  the  students  just  before  they  re- 
turn to  college,  correcting  any  mis- 
takes in  thinking  or  writing.  These 
students  arc  proud  of  their  jobs  and 
talk  of  the  interest  their  company 
takes  in  them. 

The  great  majority  of  the  students 
work  on  production  in  factories  where 
they  liave  ample  opportunity  to  learn 
processes,  the  handling  of  machines, 
and  the  handling  of  people.  Sucli  ex- 
perience leads  naturally  toward  pro- 
duction types  of  jobs  and  many  indus- 
(Turn  to   page  53) 


30 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


Why,  it1s'33  lol",. 

even  a  BLIJVD  MA^ 

could  tell  the  difference ! 


OIDNT  HEAR  HiW      r       giLLY  I  THAT/* 
SAY  "BLUE  RIBBON-     PABST  BLUE  RIBBON 

JUST  SOMETHIN&     I    .53  f  i^E  5R5^v5 

Blended  to  mA»ce 

(WfUR EAT  BEER' 


33  Fine  Brews 

Blended  to  Make 

ONE  Great  Beer! 


IT'S  SMOOTHER 
.  .  IT'S  TASTIER 
T  NEVER  VARIES 


Enjoy  it  in  full  or  club  size 

hollUi.  bandy  cam.  and  on  draft 

at  Ixlttr  places  eteryuhtrc. 


Copyrichi  Iflll. 
i'abst  Hrewinir  Company.  Milwautie 


May,   1941 


BETTER  MOUSETRAPS 


Uri-.aiM  Ml  iii.iiiy  n.itiir.il  phfiiom- 
iii.i  an-  alitcti  il  hy  tlu'  tiinpcraturcs 
at  wliii'li  tliiy  (xcur,  tlic  laboratories 
of  tlif  Armour  Research  Foundation 
demand  no  less  than  tifteen  eonstaiit- 
teuiperature  ehaml)ers  of  various 
types.  These  ranire  from  small  elee- 
trieally  eoiitroll.-d  ovens  to  full  si/e<l 
rooms,  and  tins  numher  does  not  in- 
clude the  in.my  speeial  ehamlnrs 
wliieli  are  erected  from  time  to  time 
for   particul.ir   j)urposes. 

Olii-  of  till'  most  interestinii-  of  tiiese 


ehamlnrs  is  thi  i.ir^i-  eoiistant-tem 
jH-rature  room  huilt  into  tile  seeoiul 
floor  of  the  main  Research  Foundation 
huildinir  and  scrvinif  the  needs  of  the 
Experimintal  Enffineerin<;  Division  in 
larjre-se.ile  thermal  studies.  'I'liis  room 
is  of  tile  jreneral  size  and  shape  of 
a  two-car  garage,  with  270  .square 
feet  of  floor  area  and  an  in.side  height 
of  ten  feet.  Lined  with  cement  and 
fitted  with  a  floor  drain,  the  room  is 
surrounded  hv  a  four-inch  cork  in 
sulation.      The  biy-   thick   double   doors 


Room    Simulating    Extreme   Conditions 
In  Stratosphere  Jumping. 


32 


arc  of  tlie  type  used  on  cold-storage 
room.s.  Over  the  inside  walls,  floor  and 
ceiling  are  thermocouples,  seventy  iu 
all.  These  arc  gathered  into  thick 
master  cables  and  led  through  the 
walls  to  an  adjoining  room  housing 
the  temperature-measuring  apparatus. 

The  room  has  interior  connections 
for  steam,  water  and  electric  power. 
.Suspended  from  its  ceiling  are  two 
large  refrigerating  coils  hacked  by 
air-circulating  fans.  The  refrigeration 
mai-him  ry  is  located  in  the  basement 
of  the  building,  but  controlled  from 
the  master  panel  just  outside  the 
chamber  itself. 

'J'liis  spacious  constant-temperature 
room  might  better  be  called  an  "arti 
ticial  weather"  chamber.  It  is  capa 
ble  of  reproducing  anything  from 
glaring  sunshine  or  a  tropical  down 
pour  to  a  bitter  cold  antarctic  winter 
night. 

The  uses  of  such  a  room  are  manv 
Not  long  ago  a  small  house,  designed 
with  modern  insulation,  was  erected 
within  it.  The  weather  conditions 
were  adjusted  to  the  desired  point 
and  a  powerful  artificial  sun  was 
aimed  at  the  only  window  in  the 
house.  Circulating  water  removed 
heat  from  the  interior  and  conducted 
it  outside  for  measurement.  For  davs 
the  sun  beat  down  mercilessly  on  the 
little  house  while  instruments  were 
read  and  notebooks  were  filled  with 
ligures.  M'hen  it  was  all  over  the  staff 
knew  just  how  much  of  the  sun's  heat 
could  be  kept  out  by  drawing  down 
the  window  shades. 

.'sometimes  the  room  is  full  of  new 
iiniisehold  refrigerators  laden  with 
butter,  eggs,  meat,  milk,  vegetables, 
and  other  good  things,  but  woe  unto 
the  researcher  who  succumbs  to 
temptation  and  disturbs  the  tliermo- 
roiiple  in  the  fresh  strawberries  or 
salami,  or  who  dares  to  touch  the 
master  controls  which  can  "shift"  the 
refrigerators  from  Tucson,  .\rizona, 
to  Fargo,  North  Dakota.  On  other 
occasions  there  may  be  a  heating  stove 
in  the  center  of  the  floor,  burning  mer- 
rily while  a  multitude  of  tlieniioeou- 
ples  in  a  surrounding  cireul.ir  shield 
measure  the  amount  of  he.it  r.idiated 
in  various  directions. 

.'^ome  months  ago  the  Research 
I'ouiid.ution  cooperated  in  studies 
ot  stratosphere  parai'hute-jumping. 
W  hen  a  man  leaps  out  of  an  airplane 
it  .•J."),000  feet  he  encounters  Antarctic 
temperatures  and  a  wind  of  perhaps 
-'DO  miles  per  hour.  I'nprotcctcd  un- 
dt  r  these  conditions  he  will  freeze  to 
•  le.ith  in  a  matter  of  minutes.  Hence 
ureat  care  is  needed  in  the  design  of 
liis  clothing  and  fa<-e  protection.  To 
list  these  arti<les  without  risking; 
lives  tli(  big  eoMst.int  temiieraturc 
(Turn  fo   page   53) 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


,,   THE   HM.O«    fi.mtV  '"   «" 


P^voypeUeA.  ^aK4> 


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OHUn  In  43  frindpol  OriM 


May,  1941 


33 


ILLINOIS    TECH 
RELAY  GAMES 

By 
ALEXANDER   SCHREIBER 


\'\\v  liiindrrd  stroll-,  frciiii  .ill  ovtr 
tlu-  iiiiddl.-  u.st.  tli.y  c-.niM-  to  Clii 
c-.-iU'..  I.ist  .\l.ir.di  for  tlir  rni.w.d  oT 
Cliic.-m-o\  (d.i.st  tr.-ick  .iiid  tirld 
cl.issi,-  TIIK  Jl.I.INOl.^  TKt  II 
HF.L.W  (..\.MF..S.  .  .  .  I'll,  V  .•.nnc 
and  set  luw  ri-i'ords  in  tin-  re  iitu.il  of 
a  (•l.issic  indoor  carniv.il  tint  (lii 
caiio  is  proud  to  call  its  ou  n.  .V  tVw 
left  with  nic.lals  and  cups.  One  suf- 
fered ;i  multiple  fr.icture  ol  the  .-inkK'. 
.\notlier  was  defcateil  for  tile  first 
time  in  liis  life.  .Ml  will  nmendier 
tin-   m.ft. 

."^ince  tile  mcrj;er  of  .Armour  Insti 
tutc  of  Tei'lmolotiy  and  Lewis  Insti 
tutc  last  summer  to  form  tlie  l.iri;est 
eniriiu'crinfi  school  in  the  L  nited 
States,  the  well-known  nanie  of 
former  years.  T  H  K  A  R  M  ()  I'  R 
TKCII  RKI..AVS,  has  been  chan.ned. 
No  loss  of  |)restige,  or  drop  in  ,it- 
tend.inee  w.is  expected,  and  none  oc- 
curred. I'.vidence  of  contest.lllt  inter- 
est is  shoHii  \\y  the  larfje  rcfjistra- 
tioii.  It  is  evident  that  file  excite- 
ment and  the  ])restige  of  the  Relays 
will  continue  to  he  a  factor  in  liuild- 
injj  f.avor.ahle  puhlicily  for  the  l;ir<;ir 
Institute. 

With  |iress  time  for  the  .Mav  issue 
of  th,  .\liM()[R  HNdlNKKli  AM) 
.VIAM.MS  drawing  close,  it  may 
seem  .mticlimax  to  write  .ihout  .in 
event  .already  recorded  in  the  ]i.i])ers. 
A  revii  w  of  st.-itistics  .-md  of  entr.ants 
should.  howeM-r.  euiph.isi/e  the  ini 
port;inci-  of  the  meet  .-ukI  liring  to 
tli<-  .-ittcntioii  of  alumni  .md  friends 
one  o(  the  most  outst/mdinj;-  piicis  of 
work  <loiie  hy  the  Institute  in  the 
athletic  held. 

Tuder     till-     directi f     .lohn     .1. 

Sehonnner,  the  connnittee  in  ch;ir<ic  of 
the  (James  provided  a  thriller.  Co.ich 
Norman  Root,  track  eo.ieli  ol  Tech 
thiiiclads,  ))rovided  the  hest  of  Ir.iek 
manaiiemeiit.  Spectators,  three  thou 
sand  of  them,  never  once  felt  im 
li.'itience  or  .mnoyaiK-c  hec.iuse  id' 
laiffiinjr  events. 


.\  gl.inee  .it  the  st.itisties  i)rei)arcd 
in  .1  twenty  einht  p.ige  hroehure  for 
distrihutioii  to  all  te.ims  ente.-ed  re 
veals  some  strikiiii;  f.icts.  I'orty  three 
eollenes     .iiid     universities     registered 

some    .-i(M)   , tistants.     Actually,   ••!i:i 

.ithletes  made  the  trip  to  Chic.igo  for 
the  (James  March  I."..  IIMI.  There 
were  1(>7  individn.al  e\ents  in  the  col 
hue  sec'tion  ;ind  !••{  iiidiv  idu.al  events 
in  the  iiiii\ersity  section,  not  eountiiii; 
the  rel.iys.  One  lliiils  th.at  .'i  I  :!  men 
eompetid  in  fT-  indixidu.il  events, 
ni.ikini;-  l.">  events  per  eonipetitor  en 
tered.  .  .  .  Th.-it  is  ;i  pretty  stiff  sched- 
ule   for    .uiy    group    of    .-ithletes. 

Kiiough  of  statistics  .  .  .  its  time  to 
touch  upon  the  high  .spots  of  the 
meet.  Three  records  Were  established. 
.V  voungster  from  I)r;ike  University 
fr.-ietured  his  .mkle,  ;is  .already  noted. 
.\  eowhov  from  N'ehr.isk.-i  jinned  he- 
yond  .a  ilouht  that  he  w;is  the  lust 
d.ashm.an    of   the   year. 

Starting  from  the  tail  end  of  the 
summary,  let's  look  upon  the  accom- 
plishments of  Nebraska's  little  Gene 
Littler.  Our  acquaintanceship  with 
the  little  mite  goes  back  to  the  (iauies 
of  litK)  when  he  loomed  as  the  d.ark 
horse  of  the  meet,  with  no  [irev  ions 
record  in  the  Chicago  area,  hut  the 
proud  possessor  of  a  large  number  of 
jiress  clip[)ings  from  the  west.  He 
ronijicd  home  last  ye.ir  to  tie  records 
in  the  dash  and  win  the  quarter  mile. 
(Jcne  is  redheaded  and  wears  cowboy 
hoots  which,  to  our  way  of  thinking, 
must  unduly  punish  his  pair  of  mil- 
lion-dollar "feet,  but  he  still  seems  to 
have  but  little  trouble  in  winning  the 
sprints.  Commenting  a  bit  further  on 
his  individual  characteristics — accord- 
ing to  some,  he  has  been  dubbed  "Red  " 
because  of  the  fl.-imboyant  shade  of 
his  hair — according  to  our  version, 
jiromulgatcd  by  .lack  .Morris  of  this 
department,  be  is  known  .is  "Red 
because  that  is  the  shade  of  his  op- 
|)oncnts'  f.-ices  after  he  finishes  way 
out  in  front  in  the  dash  events.  That 
is  what  he  did  during  the  thirteenth 
running  of  the  (Janus.  First  of  .ill. 
dene  won  tin-  7()-y.-ird  d.ish  in  the 
college  division,  but  not  in  record- 
breaking  time,  .although  he  is  co- 
record  holder  for  this  event.  L.iter  in 
the  evening  he  broke  the  record  in 
the  qii.-irter  mile  run  .and  finished 
piilled-np.  w.ay  ahead  of  the  field,  with 
a  l!».-'i-second  time  tucked  away.  This 
time  broke  the  record  for  this  event 
established  by  Orville  W.igner  in 
l!Ki!». 

The  h.irdluek.  broken  .inkle  hoy  of 
the  meet  w.is  ll.il  Nugent,  Chieagoan, 
who  .iltends  Drake  University. 
Rated  as  one  o(  the  hest  pole  v.aulters 
entered    in    university    competition,    he 


drojipid  from  12  feet  in  .in  awkw.ird 
|)osition  during  his  first  try  in  the 
v.iult  .111(1  W.IS  removed  to  .Mercy  hos- 
pit.il  where  Dr.  .1.  I- .  McN.amara  min- 
istered   to    him. 

.Michigan  Norm.il  .ig.iiii  walked 
.iw.iv  with  the  coUegi-  iliv  ision  cham- 
pionshi))  by  an  overwiu  Iming  |)oint 
lot.il  of  ->7.  Northern  Illinois  State 
Te.ichers  of  De  Kalh  took  .second 
pl.iee  with  •'!■'!  points,  and  Coe  Col- 
lege  was  ,1  close  third   with  .'Vi   points. 

In  the  university  division  Wiscon- 
sin tram])led  roughshod  over  Illinois 
,ind  .M.irquette  to  win  with  .a  point 
total  of  fl-l  |,  while  Nebraska, 
m.iinly  on  the  merits  of  Littler,  ))iled 
u))   2.'i   points   for   sixth   ))lacc. 

The  surjirisc  of  the  evening  came 
in  the  defeat  of  Hill  Williams  of  Wis- 
consin, who  the  week  before  won  the 
Hig  Ten  Conference  pole-vault  cliani- 
jiionship  with  a  try  higher  than  the 
existing  Tech  record.  The  win  was 
sh.ircd  by  F'.dward  Thistlcthwaite,  son 
of  the  famous  (Jlcnn,  and  Hob  Kin- 
cheloe  of  Chicago.  \\\-  might  add 
that  Thistlcthwaite  is  current  Tech 
record  holder  for  this  event,  by  virtue 
of  a  i:i  foot,  lll.s-ineh  try  in'li).'!!),  a 
height  he  has  not  reached  in  competi- 
tiim  since,  .and  that  Hob  Kinchcloc 
never  before  had  even  approached  the 
height  of  i;5  feet,  rt  inches  which  was 
the  winners'  height  in   1911. 

To  get  back  to  the  record  breakers, 
let's  look  at  the  hurdle  eyents,  where 
there  seems  to  be  sonnthing  doing 
each  year.  First  of  all,  the  commit- 
tee in  charge  changed  policy  with  re- 
spect to  the  low-hurdle  events  and, 
instead  of  the  usu.al  three  flight 
afl'air,  six  hurdles  were  used  in  order 
to  bring  the  meet's  hurdle  events  into 
the  same  category  with  that  of  other 
meets.  Here  is  where  the  vaunted 
Charlie  Horvath  of  Northwestern  and 
Hig  Ten  fame  was  taken  into  camp 
by  .a  newcomer,  Robert  Kahlcr  of 
.Nebraska.  He  travelled  the  distance 
in  7.9  seconds  to  establish  a  new  rec- 
ord for  this  event. 

In  the  low  hurdles,  however, 
Northw  est(  rn's  Horvath  lived  up  to 
his  reput.ition  ,is  topflight  hurdler  of 
the  Chic.igo  .ire,i.  In  winning  this 
event  in  the  time  of  8.9  seconds  he 
triumphed  over  a  teammate,  ,)oe 
I'inch,  former  Tech  Rel.-iys  defending 
ch.-nnpion   in   this  event. 

Tilden  Tech  of  Chicago  took  away 
championship  honors  from  Austin  in 
the  high-school  relay  Iiy  travelling  the 
distance  of  one  li.ilf  mile  in  1  minute, 
:!.-).  f  seconds. 

Winston  Rogers  of  Lincoln  Uni- 
versity, college  -  division  entrant, 
topjicd  the  high- jump  bar  at  (!  feet  3 
inches,  to  outjuinp  .•mything  that  the 
iiniversitv    division    h;id    to   offer. 


34 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


Let's 


THE    OSCILLOGRAPH 


1.  One  second 

2.  One  cycle  of  a  60  cycle  per  second  > 

3.  One-thousandlh  of  a  second 

4.  One-millionlh  of  a  second. 


LIGHTNING    ARRESTERS 

Lightning  is  a  constant  tlireat  to  transmissiaii 
lines.  Westinghouse  has  constructed  lightnin- 
arresters  that  protect  the  highest  voltage 
.arrieJ,   which  is: 

1.  33-000  volts 

2.  £.6.000  volts 

3.  220.000  volts 

4.  287,000  volts 


DEEP    OIL    WELL    DRILLING 


Great  J.|.il.  i.  Lcii.-  jitainc.l  with  electric  rip 
using  Westinghouse  equijiment.  To  date.  hole, 
have  been  drilled  as  deep  as: 

1.  1200  feet 

2.  4800  feet 

3.  Two  and  one-half  miles 

4.  Sii  and  one-third  miles. 


STEAM-TURBINE      GENERATOR 

ln>lalled  in  Philadelphia  is  the  larsc^l  s,nj;l, 
shaft  steam-turbine  generator  ever  conslruitcj. 
It  was  built  by  Westinghouse  and  can  develop: 

1.  17,500  kw 

2.  72,500  kw 

3.  165.000  kw 

4.  850.000  kw 


SEADROME     CONTACT     LIGHT 

The  Seadrome  Contact  Light,  developed  by 
Westinghouse  to  facilitate  night  landing  of  sea- 
planes, is  turned  on  and  off  by:, 

1.  A  man  in  a  launch 

2.  An  electric  eye 

3.  Radio  signals  from  shore 

4.  A  submerged  cable. 


DE-ION     PRINCIPLE 

As  pioneered  in  1928  by   Dr.  Joseph   Slepit 
Westinghouse    Research    Engineer,    the    Dei 
pr.nciple  is  concerned  with: 
1.     Faster,  more  efficient  e.xlinction  of  ele. 


Try  It  Again! 


Regardless  of  how  you  came  out  on 
the  last  series  of  questions,  here's 
another  chance  for  you  to  see  how 
familiar  you  are  with  important  de- 
velopments in  the  field  of  electrical 
engineering. 

Optional  answers  are  provided  for 
each  of  the  six  questions  listed  at  the 
left.  Your  task  is  to  check  the  correct 
answer  in  each  instance.  To  elimi- 
nate any  peeking,  the  answers  are 
jirinted  below,  upside  down. 

If  \ou  get  four  out  of  six  correct 
youll  be  doing  all  right.  Five  out  of 
six  passes  you  willi  honors.  If  you 
should  know  all  the  answers  you  can 
give  yourself  a  good  pat  on  the  back. 

•      ANSWERS      • 


2.  A  new  method  of  charging  for  clei 

3.  The  theory  of  magneti-m 

4.  Harnessing  the  power  of  the  ai 


■£  ■>"¥ 

•E  '"V 

■t  '"y 

•V  -"V 


sidpu.jj    uoi.aii 

iqai-l   taciuoj   amojpcis 

roicjouo^   ouiqjni-mciis 

SoaiMQ  IW.tt  1!0  d.>.'(l 

sjai-.UJV    ."U.uli|3i-I 

I'l^'SoiipsQ   ai|j. 


■\\^stiMfiouse  -^fS^' 


1941 


35 


THE  BOOK  SHELF 


Pitrtidis,-     I.n.t.    l.y     (.r.int      M.lnll.v. 

("hicaifo:      I'.uk.iril     .iiiil     (  ciiM|i.iriy. 

li»K).    xi   -    .iliL'  l)ai;<s. 

'I'lu-  roiiiaiitic  siliool  nl  litrrary 
criticisiM.  wliii-h  n-ttards  [HMtry  a-,  in 
spiratidii.  i^  iiiclii}i(l  to  trrat  tlic  in 
Mstiiiatiiin  (if  Miiircc  iiiatirial  Hitli 
i()iit<Mni)t,  or  fvcii  with  ilcmiruiatidii. 
Siicli  critii's  do  not  siciii  to  rcalizi 
that  a  j)Oft  must  liavf  inatirial  with 
whirli  to  work.  Fortunatrly.  thi  ir  in 
Hiicncf  si'i'ius  to  be  on  thi  uanr:  tHr 
instanci-,  nohody  seems  to  mind  ae- 
knowledjrinjT  that  Shakes|)tari  wrote 
|)lays  to  make  money,  and  nsid  .is 
source  m.aterial  whatever  looked  likt 
sulistantial  capital. 

.Someliow  or  otller,  critics  are  often 
not  ahle  to  contemplate  Milton  as 
they  do  .Shakespeare.  .'^ome.  lik<- 
(ieorjrc  \\.  W'hitinir.  will  no  so  f.-ir  .is 
to  call  it  heresy  when  ;itl  iin  istin'.-itor 
lieirins  to  -.how  where  Milton  i;ot  liis 
ideas.  What  .Mr.  Whitin-  and  his 
hrethreii  tiiink  of  an  iiivestiii-itor  who 
shows  not  only  where  .Milton  not  lii-N 
ideas,  hut  also  where  he  trot  his  soc.ih- 
ul.ary  to  express  tiiem.  will  he  inter 
cstinji  to  hear.  In  his  study  Piirailixr 
Lo.it,  (Jrant  .McColley  has  contrilmtrd 
largely  to   just  this  information. 

It  was  shown  at  the  end  of  the  List 
century  and  susj)ected  lonsi  before 
that  .Milton  drew  his  inspiration  from 
books.  Not  only  his  ])liilosopliic.il 
ideas,  but  his  very  descrintions  of 
nature  are  literary.  But  it  has  not 
been  grnorally  recognized  that  Milton 
used  the  vocabularies  of  bis  sources 
to  a  great  extent. 

.Mr.  .McColley  shows  .a  .areful  lit 
erary  artist  constructing  his  e|)ic  out 
of  his  reading.  How  closely  Milton's 
poetry  |);irallels  the  source  m.iteri.il 
could  not  be  guessed:  it  must  be  dim 
onstrated.  .Mr.  MeColhy  deuKMistr.itcs 
thoroughly  .ind  s.itisf.aetorilv  th;it 
Milton  used  tli(  ideas  .md  even  the 
voealiulary  of  other  writers  to  eon 
struct  his  epic,  and  even  to  emistruet 
minor  incidents  and  seems.  Nowhen 
is  it  better  shown  th.ui  in  the  discus 
sion  of  the  dialogue  on  .astrononiv. 
which  is  Chaiit.r  IX  of  Mr.  M.Cn'l 
lev's  hook. 

It  is  very  e.isy  to  iii.ike  such  .1 
study   as   thi' a   studv   of   source   m.i 


36 


Icri.il  .111(1  \  (>e;ibiil.ir\-  -  deprcssinnly 
pcd.intie.  It  e.iii  bi  in.uh  so  t. dious 
th.it  only  the  resolute  s|)eei,ilist  will 
p.iy  any  attention  to  it.  On  tin  otiu  r 
h.ind.  it  e.in  be  discussed  in  uneritie.il 
and  liaphaz.ird  fashion  so  that  no 
schol.ir  c.in  t.ike  stock  in  it.  .Mr.  Me 
(diley  very  ably  avoids  both  (lan.i.<rs. 
His  book  is  thorough  and  convincing 
in  showing  Miltiui  s  use  of  source  ma 
ti  ri.il.  but  it  is  neither  jiedantic  nor 
tidious  .iiid  can  therefore  be  reconi- 
inendcd  to  the  geiur.-il  student  of 
Knglish  liter.-iturc. 

Ill  till  second  part  of  Paradise 
l.nsl.  Mr.  McColley  reaches  certain 
conelusions  about  the  date  of  compo- 
sitiiui  of  .Milton's  poem  and  of  various 
p.irts  of  it.  In  general,  his  discussion 
seems  (piite  sound,  although  one  m.iy 
wonder  whether  Hook  IX,  which  eon 
tiiiiies  the  story  of  Book  I\',  was  not 
written  e.irlier  than  Book  V.  Stylist- 
ically it  is  closer  to  the  Minor  Poems, 
and  furthermore  it  omits  any  mention 
of  Kves  dream  in  Book  \ .  which  one 
would  naturally  suppose  must  be  in- 
cluded in  the  ;ieeoiiiit  of  the  tiii.il 
lem|it;ition. 

.Mr.  MeColley's  iiiter|iretation  of 
.Milt(Ui's  thought,  .ilthough  it  is  only 
.1  side  issue  in  this  work,  is  more  con 
Miitional  than  ])erhaps  one  might  ex- 
pect. It  will  be  interesting  to  see 
whether,  when  Mr.  McColley  has 
completed  a  like  stiuly  of  Paradise 
iiff/ainrd  and  Sawson  Agnnistes,  he 
will  not  feel  inclined  to  modify  his 
A  lews  of  Milton's  closeness  to  ortho 
doxy.  The  tem])t.ation  in  Paradise 
Lost  shows  the  triumph  of  irration.il 
ji.ission:  the  salv.itimi  in  Paradise 
l\e//ained  is  the  s.ilv.itioii  of  p.ission 
h  ss  rationality.  (Ine  in.ay  well  won 
der  whether  .Milton's  final  answer  in 
Samson  is  not  the  result  of  diss.itis 
faction  with  both  [i.issioii  .and  reason 
in  themselves. 

These  objections  are  noted  simply 
to  suggest  that  there  is  much  room 
for  further  work  .along  the  lines 
shown  by  Mr.  .McColley:  they  are  not 
■it  .ill  .1  reflection  on  the  iircsent  work. 
rii.it  is,  and  will  jirobably  remain,  :i 
contribution  to  .Miltonic  seholarsiii]) 
that  nuist  be  reckoned  with.  Certainly 
Mr.   McColley  has  rendered  futile  the 


objections  of  those  who  do  not  want 
to  tliiuk  that  .^Iilton  was  so  literally  a 
literary  poet,  and  who  do  not  want  tr 
think  that,  like  any  first-rate  crafts 
man,  he  used  every  bit  of  his  material 
with  shrewd  c.ilcni.ition  of  its  ctTect. 
Onci  the  idea  of  the  good,  blind,  old 
m.iii  getting  his  iiispir.ition  directly 
from  .Miov(  .111(1  (lict.iting  it  to  .ittitii 
dinizing  daughtirs  is  tin.illy  out  of 
the  way.  further  investigation  shoiiJdi 
he  quite  fruitful.  .Viid  future  invest! 
.irators  can  liardlv  avoid  followini;  .Mr 
MeColhy's    lead." 

.S.    .\.     Nd(K 


Industrial  Health,  Asset  or  Lialdl 
III),  by  (  .  ().  .S.ippiimton.  liidiistria 
ConiiiK  ntaries.    (  liie.ago. 

.Statistics  indicate  that  illnesses 
proh.ibly  cause  fifteen  times  as  mud 
interruption  of  work  as  do  industria 
injuries.  The  average  man  loses 
seven  and  one-half  days  of  working 
time  a  ye.ir:  the  .average  woman,  ovei 
ten  d.iys.  Dr.  S.ippington's  book  is  a 
plea  for  more  serious  attention  ti 
this  dr.iin  on  the  national  produetivt 
power,  and  he  outlines  quite  simpl\ 
and  clearly  the  organization  and  pro 
gram  required.  One  chapter  de.il.> 
with  liealth  services  for  the  smal 
plant,  giving  costs  and  details  of  tin 
.irrangements  by  which  in  several 
cases  groups  of  plants  have  availed 
themselves  collectively  of  the  p.irt 
time  services  of  a  physician  .1111 
nurse.  He  recommends  as  tin-  prin 
(•i|i.il  activities  in  an  industrial  he.iltl 
|irogr.iin  the  exann'nation  of  all  incoin 
iiig  employees  to  safeguard  the  eiu 
ployee's  own  health,  to  protect  other 
employees  from  jiossible  cont.igion 
and  as  insurance  .against  impropei 
el.iinis  for  compensation  for  oecupa 
tional  hazards.  After  the  employee  !■ 
hired,  there  should  be  periodic  healtl 
ex.iminations  and  the  advice  of  .1  phy 
sician  or  nurse  should  be  available 
whenever  needed.  In  some  firms  it  is 
fmind  advisable  also  to  furnish  dental 
ind  optometric  services. 

In  addition  to  overseeing  tlu'  usual 
dispensary  and  first  aid  services,  tht 
plant  physician  should  make  a  sys- 
tematic study  for  the  prevention  ol 
disease  and  injury,  investigating  and 
.imeliorating  s])eci,il  occupation.il  has 
.irds,  guarding  the  ])l.int  .against  con- 
t.igions  and  e[iidemics  .ind  cooper.ating 
with  liealth  .luthorities  in  the  com 
munity. 

Or.  .S,ippii|Mt,iM  1  inph.isizes  the  im 
portanee  of  the  i>art  played  in  health 
bv  mental  conditions  ami  reconunend 
for  the  larger  plant  the  services  of  ; 
psychiatrist,  and  that  in  any  plant 
the  physician  be  one  informed  as  to 
mental   hygiene   and   sympathetic  and 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


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RESEARCH 
FOUNDATION 


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WliiclicNcr  it  is.  Border?"  can  en};ineer  llu- 
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With  the  same  precise  planning  that  the 
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9  COMPLETE      CHICAGO      STORES 


T 


aps  and  Dies  are 
Vital  Defense  Tools 


They  cut  the  millions  of  screw 
threads  which  hold  together 
the  parts  of  guns  and  gun  car- 
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U        I  Use  B  &  S  equipment  to  ob- 

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BROWN  &  SHARPE 


May,  1941 


37 


undcr.staiuliii^  in  jinalv/iiiii  tin  pmli 
liins  of  the  employee.  I'.iiliin  cm  tin- 
job  is  all  too  often  tlie  rcMilt  u( 
anxiety  over  nionej-  matters  or  fail 
lire  in  the  outside  life  of  the  em 
|)loyee:  a  tactful  and  ex])irienei  il 
physieian  is  required  to  aid  the  em 
ployee  in  these  matters  without  ap 
jiearing  to  intrude  on  his  j)rivacy. 

Speeifications  for  the  ideal  Indus 
trial  physieian  are  jjiven. 

As  a  whole,  the  hook  is  intended  for 
the  lay  reader  and  is  a  ))lea  for  tin- 
adoption  of  systematie  iirojirnnis.  At 
the  same  time,  there  an-  in  it  sr\(  r.-il 
eliapters  of  interest  to  all  laynn  n.  sui-li 
as  the  rules  for  ))Iiysieal  health  anil 
i;u-ntal  hvifiine  and  for  the  a\i>idaMri' 
of  improper  fatifrue.  seattirc-d 
tlirouiili  tile  hook.  An  a|iprndix  su)i 
pliis  a  numher  of  usi  fnl  forms  for 
diajinosis  and  record.  The  hook  is 
made  more  readahle  In  the  free  use 
of  summaries  and  should  ht-  of  much 
use  to  anyone  responsilile  for  .-i  liralth 
profiram   in   industry. 

H.   P.   Drrrox. 


M,,llnilr,/,il    I'liii.u.s-    of    Occupaiioiial 

Dis.dsrs.     h\      {'.     ().     .S.-ippin^4on. 

Industrial    I'l.altli     H..nk    Company. 

MKiii. 

()eeuj).-ition.-il  dis(.-ises  .-in  .-imon^ 
the  pi-n.-ilties  (  xaeti-d  hy  our  industrial 
svstcni.  I'rim.-irily  of  c(nu'ern  to  .-i 
j)ortion  of  the  employees  in  some  in- 
diistrii-s,  in  their  hroad  as])eet  they 
.-ire  .1  challcnjie  to  the  lomnuinity  as 
.1  whole,  .-md  a  w.-istc  of  human  re- 
s(uir(-i-s.  Nothiiur  e.-in  In-  .-leconiiilislii-d 
liy  ,-ittackiiin-  the  prolilem  with  no 
|)r(-|iar.-itioii  other  than  emotional  di- 
sir<-  to  j)rc\eiit  distress.  The  mauiii 
tudr  .-md  tlu-  imiiort.-ini-e  of  the  m;itti-r 
.-,n  suc-li  as  to  ii.c-d  iiit(-l li,t;vnt  ellort 
on  till-  part  of  the  worki-r.  the  em- 
ployer, the  medical  and  li-g-.-il  profes- 
sions, insurance  organizations,  and 
pulilie  .lutliorities.  The  ideal  to  he  an 
proaehed  is,  of  course,  complete  pre 
\(-ntion.  The  d.iy-liy-day  iiroecduri- 
should  In-  to  n-duee  the  ineidenee  of 
industrial  diseases,  to  do  .-ill  th.-it  is 
possihle    to    e:irt-     .idi-ipiati  ly     for    tln- 


sull'crers.  .-md  to  |iro\  ide  relief  for  the! 
(in,-iiK-i-il  hiirdi  IIS  din-  to  the  cost  oi 
illm  ss  .iinl  tin  loss  of  earning  })Ower. 
Tin  un  (lien  h  ual  phases  of  occupa- 
tional diseases  arc  closely  related  to 
•  ill  the  other  phases.  Moreover,  in 
themselves  they  .irt-  intricate  and  im- 
portant. Doctor  ."^aiipinjiton's  hook. 
of  somi-  four  hundred  pajres.  indicates' 
how  intricate  and  how  important,  .-ind' 
it  shows  impressive  familiarity  withj 
li.-i/.irds.  teehniqucs.  protective  ineas-i 
iires.  the  statutes,  and  the  decisions  of( 
tin  courts.  It  represents  wide 
sian-h  .111(1  i-xti-nsive  experience.  To 
an  t-naineer  it  is  satisfyiiifT  in  its  lojf- 
ic.-il  arrangement,  its  convincing  cita- 
tion of  authorities,  and  the  large 
amount  of  jiertinent  information  con- 
tained in  numerous  appendices.  The 
usefulness  of  the  book  is  increased  by 
its  good  bibliography,  its  comprelien- 
sive  subject  index,  an  author  index. 
.-ind  an  index  of  case  decisions. 

.1.  B.  F. 


NEW    TRUSTEE 


AH'n-il  Kaull'iiiaiin.  President  of 
Link  I'nlt  {.  (Hnp.-iiiy.  w.-is  (  Iret.-d  to 
membership  on  tin-  ]?oar(l  of  Trustees 
April   IK   ]f)H. 

Mr.  Kaufimann  was  horn  in  Ger- 
many, and  came  to  the  L'nited  States 
at  the  age  of  three  years.  When  six- 
tec  n  yc.-irs  cilil.  he  worked  as  an  ap- 
prc-iiliec  for  the  (iinc-r.il  Electric 
M,-iimf;icturing  Com])  any:  subse- 
(|U(  iitly  he  was  employed  by  Robert 
Hoc-  .and  Company,  m.anufaeturers  of 
printing  presses.  His  formal  educa- 
tion ill  (iigineering  was  .at  Pratt  In- 
stitiiti  ill  Hrcioklyn.  wln-rc-  he-  received 
I  he  M.l-:.  (legrci-  in  IPOl.  After 
ur.-idu.-itioii  In-  lu-c.-ime  ,-i  dr.-iftsman  for 
Link  lii-lt  Conip.uiy,  and  h.-is  been 
sueec-sNivc-ly  superintendent  of  con- 
st riic-l  ion.  s.ilc  s  t-ngineer,  assistant  to 
tin-  pre  sich  lit.  iii.-inager  of  the  Phila- 
.!•  Iplii.-i     p  I  .1  II  t.     viee-pre-sident.    and 

)i|-e   side   lit. 

.Mr.  K.iull'm.-inn's  re-sidiiu-e-  is  in 
Chicago.  He  is  a  nunihi-r  of  the  Clii- 
e-.-ige..  .South  .*^liore-  Country.  Moss- 
moor  Country.  .-iinl  I  iidi.-iii.ipolis 
(  e.uiitrv    Clllhs. 


'AInor"  Surface  Temperature 
Pyrometers 


ITyp.! 


Kvory  iiKimif.i.  turer  of  furiuu'cs.  ovens.  knn9.| 
rofractoTi. -,  jn-ii!:iti<in,  friass.  ceramics  and 
other  pj'"hi.i-  ,is;  w.'ii  ;is  laboratories,  consull- 
insr  en^'itif<i^  .in,i  utiiers.  should  have  thi^' 
pynnnotiT.     kmmn     as    the     "AInor"     ryriKon. 

With  it*J  variety  of  interchangeable  therrao 
ruuples  it  is  a  mo-st  versjitile  and  handy  ingtni-^ 
Tnent  for  all  surface  temperature  applications; 
such  as  molds,  platens,  plates,  rolls,  cylinders 
and  similar  surfaces. 

Easy     to     use,     direct     reading,     moderately 

priced.  , 

Writ,-    U.T    lUilhAin    i:27-C  ii 


ANNUAL    ALUMNI     BANQUET.     TUESDAY,  MAY     27,     1941      j      ILLINOIS  TESTING  LABORATORIES,  Inc.    ,' 

KNICKERBOCKER      HOTEL  no  W.  lluhhard  street         Chicago.  Illinois 


38 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


WILFRED   SYKES  ELECTED 
PRESIDENT  OF  INLAND  STEEL 

After  this  number  of  THE  ENGI- 
NEER AND  ALUMNUS  had  gone  to 
press,  announcement  was  made  that 
Mr.  Wilfred  Sylces,  chairman  of  the 
policy  committee  of  the  Institute's 
Board  of  Trustees,  had  been  elected 
president   of    Inland    Steel    Company. 


A  DOUBLE-DUTY 
ELEVATED    TANK 

Here  15  ail  elc\alcd  water  tank  that 
lives  a  double  lite.  Its  total  capacity  is 
60,000  gals,  but  one  half  of  this  amount 
is  reserved  at  all  times  to  operate  an 
automatic  sprinkler  system  that  pro- 
tects approximately  160.000  sq.  ft.  of 
floor  area  from   fire. 

The  other  30.000  gals,  of  water  is 
used  for  general  water  supply  in  this 
Eastern  paper  mill.  Water  is  supplied 
from  deep  wells  by  electrically-driven 
centrifugal  pumps,  the  tanks  acting  as 
a  sort  of  surge  chamber  for  the  system. 
Water  can  also  be  taken  from  the  public 
supply  system  when  necessary. 

This  is  a  typical  ellipsoidal-bottom 
tank  with  a  cone  roof  and  structural 
tower,  fabricated  and  erected  by  the 
Chicago  Bridge  and  Iron  Company. 


"METALLIC"  WOVEN  TAPES 

Woven,  finished  and  coated  to  protect 
against  wear  and  moisture,  to  resist  stretch- 
ing and  shrinking,  and  to  prevent  fraying 
at  the  edges,  the  Lufkin  "Metallic"  is  con- 
sidered the  best  woven  tape  made. 

WRITE  FOR  FREE  COMPLETE  CATALOG 


NEW  YORK 


IP6  Lal.x 


SAGINAW,  MICHIGAN 


TAPES -RULES -PRECISION  TOOLS 


6ATKE  FABRIC  BEARIMW 


On  countless  tough  jobs 
GATKE  Fabric  Bearing  Perform- 
ance approaches  the  incredible. 
Twenty  times  longer  service. 
G5°o  reduction  in  friction. 
Successful  operation  where 
adequate  lubrication  of  metal 
bearings  is  impossible  —  and 
under  shock  loads  that  fatigue 
metal  bearings.  Journal  scoring 
eliminated. 

GATKE  Bearing  accomplish- 
ments are  no  more  phenomenal 
than  the  bearings  themselves. 
There  is  no  other  bearing  like 
them.  They  afford  wonderful 
opportunity  for  improvement 
that  every  man  who  operates, 
designs,  or  makes  machinery 
should  know  about. 

Write  for  literature. 


fi*"!! 


bailee  7iii'^,'^  liearinjqA 


GATKE  CORPOBflTIOM     228  H.  LnSaUe  St..     CHICAEO.  ILL 


ilay,  1941 


39 


HELP! 


HELP! 


HELP! 


(•.iitfifK  (  rs  cil  AriiKiur.  I.(  wis  .iiiil 
Illinois  Tfcli  will)  liavc  lit-tii  (lr.ifti<i. 
or  an-  alxiiit  to  Ik-  drafted,  giv<>  licicl. 
You  may  liavc  failed  to  |)rocure  di- 
fcriiu-nt;  this  may  liavr  Intii  due  to 
your  neglect  or  your  ()atriotisiii.  or 
to  the  neglect  or  patriotism  of  your 
employer. 

You  engineers  that  have  "jumped 
the  gun  '  and  enlisted  in  the  air  serv- 
ice or  any  hrancli  of  the  L'nited  States 
service  that  does  not  involve  your 
abilities  or  skill  as  engineers,  |)ay  at- 
tention. 

'I'lie  re(]Uests  to  tliis  di  |),irtnieiit  for 
engineers  are  numerous.  The  army 
and  the  navy  seek  them  ,ind  so  does 
industry.  The  conijjetition  for  June 
gr.iduates  and  experienced  engineers 
is  lively.  Starting  salaries  have  heen 
hid  up  and  wages  all  along  the  line 
have  heen  raised.  For  the  .hine  grad- 
uates there  have  heen  many  attractive 
offers  for  men  at  ^1.50  to  .fl7-5  ])er 
month.  The  demand  for  engineers  is 
greater  than  the  supply. 

Those  who  enter  the  governmental 
service  are  not  available  to  industry. 
Many  professors  who  teach  in  engi- 
neering colleges  have  left  the  teaching 
field  to  enter  the  service  of  the  gov 
ernment  or  industry  .iiid  so  now  a 
serious  drain  on  the  teaching  staff  of 
engineering  colleges   is    felt. 

Secretary  of  War  Haker  .said  that 
during  the  World  War  it  took  eighty- 
seven  men  l)ack  of  the  line  to  keep 
thirteen  men  .it  the  front  fighting  and 
to  take  e.ire  of  the  civilian  nec<ls. 
Think  of  the  e(|uipment  now  needed 
liy  fighting  men.  It  takes  seven 
rifles  per  yiar  for  a  soldiir  .at  th( 
front.  Hi);  guns  e.in  In  tired  lint  a 
few  hundred  times  hefon-  thev  must 
hi-  rehored.  Think  of  the  guns,  hat 
tie  ships,  .lirpl.anes.  ships,  motorized 
e<|uipment.  clothing,  food  and  count 
\:  ss  otiiir  essentials  necessary  to  wa-ie 
w.ir  or  prepare  for  it.  Equipment 
wears  out.  is  lost  or  destroyed.  Think 
now  .also  of  the  needs  of  civili.ans. 
Thev    arc    now    treated    the    same    .is 


eoriil.;.t,nits.  They  .in  hlasted  l.v 
hmg-range  guns.  air})lanes  and  even 
must  he  ))roteeted  from  some  within 
their  own  ranks.  (ias  masks,  guns, 
fire-fighting  equiimient  .and  many 
other  essentials  must  he  provided. 
The  .achievements  of  science  that  were 
used  for  the  comfort,  luxury  and  ne- 
cessities of  man  now  are  turnt  d 
against  him  for  his  destruction.  Think 
of  the  enormous  amount  of  ciinstrue- 
tion  that  is  necessary.  Think  of  the 
enormous  amount  of  prodnetion  tli.it 
is  necessary.  Think  of  the  pl.ins,  the 
designing,  the  research,  the  testing, 
inspection,  the  inventive  skill  neces- 
sary for  otfensive  and  defensive  meth- 
ods. This  all  means  engineers  ,ire 
necessary   and   essential. 

I  heard  Mr.  Sloan  of  deiu-r.-il  Mo- 
tors say  that  during  the  early  Roman 
wars  it  cost  seventy-five  cents  to  kill 
a  man.  In  the  World  War  the  cost, 
he  s.iid,  rose  to  .^2.5.000  to  kill  ,i  man 
and  he  exclaimed  that  the  cost  in  this 
war.  if  we  actually  go  into  it,  and 
the  gigantic  scale  of  mechanized 
equipment  planned  is  achieved,  the 
cost  to  kill  a  man  would  he  ■*7.kO()0. 
This  means  that  the  shift  is  steadilv 
going  from  military  manpower  to 
more  and  more  mechanization.  It 
means  that  more  .-iiid  more  engineers 
will  he  needed  for  desii;ning.  draft 
ing.  invention,  testing  and  i)roduction. 
To  illustrate  Just  how  hadly  Kng- 
land  right  now  needs  engineers, 
(hurchill  two  months  .ago  s.iid  hi' 
would  rather  have  lO.OOO  graduate 
engineers  from  .\meriean  colhijes 
than  1 .()()(),()()()  .\merican  soldiers 
fully  equi])ped.  He  needs  them  for 
rese.irch,  designing,  testing,  invention 
.ind  production.  He  needs  them  for 
technic.il  otfensi\e  .and  defiiisi\' 
work. 

Where  are  We  going  to  get  all  the 
engineers  the  country  needs.'  .\e 
cording  to  searches  made  and  recentlv 
jiuhlished  there  are  ap))roximatelv 
IJ.OOO  engineers  to  he  graduated  this 
June    in    the    L'nited    .States    and   Cm 


;ida,  .md  wi  mow  are  o\er  Kl.Odll  en- 
gineers short  of  what  we  need.  It 
t.ikes  four  years  of  successful  hiiili 
school  training  in  an  accredited  hiijli 
school  at  which  a  student  takes  tin 
|)roper  courses,  which  include  physic- 
mathematics,  and  chemistry.  It  then 
takes  four  more  years  of  hard  work 
at  an  accredited  engineering  colhgi 
to  produce  a  B.  S.  in  engineering 
Some  students  study  a  year  to  three 
vears  longer,  taking  a  master's  oi 
doctor's  degree.  After  this,  seven 
more  years  are  spent  in  industry,  ii 
training  courses,  to  prepare  an 
gineer  for  his  life's  work.  Yet  yoi 
engineers,  for  patriotic  reasons,  joii 
the  army  or  navy  for  fighting  and  noi 
for  technical  work.  The  draft  hoards 
due  to  patriotic  reasons  or  misunder 
standing  of  your  worth  and  the  ditti 
cultv  of  your  replacement,  send  yoi 
into  the  service  to  carry  a  gun.  .Man> 
industrial  organizations  fail  to  real 
ize  the  situation  and  from  ignorance 
fear  of  the  Government  and  for  ; 
show  of  jiatriotism  refuse  to  ask  foi 
deferment. 

So  now  pay  attention !  I  want  al 
vim  engineers  from  Armour,  Lewi.' 
.ind  Illinois  Tech.  about  to  be  drafted 
to    .isk    for    deferment.      If   you    havt 


WANTED— M.  E.'S,  '26-'38 
FOR  NEW  DEFENSE  FACTORY 

Foremen  and  Supervisors 
needed  for  plants  being  built 
and  operated  in  West  and 
Middle  West  by  large  com- 
pany tor  U.  S.  Government. 
Write  tully  covering  experi- 
ence. Box  II,  Armour  Engi- 
neer and  Alumnus. 


40 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNU: 


joined  the  army  and  navy  as  draftees 
or  if  you  liave  voluntarily  enlisted, 
write  our  Placement  Office  so  that  we 
may  keep  a  record  of  where  you  are 
in  service  as  a  soldier.  Then  when 
the  Government  or  industry  needs 
technical  men  for  technical  or  engi- 
neering service  we  shall  know  where 
you  are.  If  we  actually  enter  the 
war  and  start  fightins;,  this  available 
information  will  do  much  to  save  time 
and  confusion  when  engineers  are 
needed   for  technical  service. 

JoHX     J.     ScHOMMKlt. 

Director  of  Placement. 


Editor's  Note 

After  we  had  sent  this  article  to  the 
printers,  we  received  a  press  release 
from  the  Cook  County  Headquarters 
of  the  Selective  Service  System.  It 
bears  so  directly  on  Professor  Sehom- 
mer's  comments  that  we  quote  a  por- 
tion of  it,  in  the  words  of  Paul  G. 
Armstrong.  State  Director: 

"For  the  defense  of  our  countrv',  an 
idle  machine  is  no  better  than  a  regi- 
ment without  arms.  In  procuring  men 
for  military  training,  it  is  important 
that  we  do  not  take  men  from  either 
industry  or  civilian  life  who  are 
needed  in  their  present  .jobs  for  the 
national  health,  safety  and  interest. 
Industry  must  be  particularly  careful 
not  to  deplete  the  production  machin- 
ery of  the  country.  If  a  man  has  had 
special  technical  trainino; — either  in 
school  or  in  the  shop,  if  he  is  now 
in  part-time  training  at  a  trade  or 
technical  school,  he  may  be  badlv 
needed,  either  now  or  later,  in  the  na- 
tional production  effort.  Every  em- 
ployer is  therefore  patriotically  bound 
to  assist  in  securing  deferment  for 
men  whose  special  skill  or  training  is 
vital  to  industry  until  after  the  re- 
arming program  has  been  completed. 
I  do  hope  that  all  employers  will  put 
aside  the  false  idea  that  it  is  unpatri- 
otic to  request  deserved  deferment  for 
a  registrant  in  spite  of  his  importance 
to    industrv." 


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RUSSELL,  BURDSALL  X  WARD 

BOLT     AND     NUT     COMPANY 


THE  FALL  ENGINEERING  CONFER- 
ENCE 

Illinois  Institute  of  Technology  is 
developing  plans  for  a  conference  to 
be  held  annually  in  October,  on  an 
engineering  subject  which  may  In- 
varied  from  year  to  year.  Power  pro- 
duction, transmission,  and  consump- 
tion, which  are  discussed  in  the 
Midwest  Power  Conference,  held  an- 
nually in  April,  will  not  be  included 
ii!  the  fall  program. 

The  subject  for  19H  is  to  be  AIR 
PORTS,   and   the   tentative   dates    are 


(Mober  30  and  31.  Besides  such 
obvious  problems  as  grading,  surfac- 
ing, and  drainage,  it  is  expected  that 
there  will  be  discussion  of  building 
construction,  administration,  fire  {)ro- 
tection,  lighting,  communications,  and 
transportation  of  passengers  to  .-ind 
from  the  field.  Information  received 
from  officers  of  jiirlines  and  from  pub 
lie  officials  indicates  that  th.'  subject 
t:.  of  great  current  interest  and  that 
the  conference  should  be  of  real  \.ilui-. 
Comments  or  suggestions  may  hi- 
addressed  to  Thk  Armour  Exgixkku 
AND  AuMNis,  for  the  attention  of  the 
conference  director. 


ANNUAL    ALUMNI    BANQUET,    TUESDAY,    MAY    27,    1941 
I 


KNICKERBOCKER    HOTEL 


May,    1941 


FROM  YEAR  TO  YEAR 


A  RECORD  OF  ARMOUR  ALUMNI 
AROUND  THE  WORLD 


By 

A.  H.  JENS,   '31 


MAN   OF  THE  MONTH 

'I'll.-  tir>t  m-.i(iii.itiiii;  cl.iss  ol  Ar 
iiiDur  liistitutr  ciiiitriluitc  N  tlu-  c.-iiKii 
(late  lor  tlii-  man  (il  tlir  iiiiiiitli.  In 
ISSlT  William  I'ai-iio  Sim^  iimmitcil 
the  .stasrc  of  Armour  Mission  and  rr 
ctivfd  his  (liirr.c  as  a  Ha<-litlor  of 
Sci.-iic-  in  the  ilr|)artmint  of  I'.lcc 
trii-al  Kn^nni  rrinu.  I'rom  that  ino 
mint  this  m.ati  has  moved  forwanl 
until  today  W  stands  at  the  \.  rv  h.  ad 
of  liis  profession. 

Two  strains  apprar  throuiihout  tlu- 
carter  of  Mr.  Sims.  Oiu'  is  his  con 
flection  witli  na\al  and  military  .af- 
fairs, .111(1  the  other  his  eiintiiiiious 
rise  in  the  ciiLiineerini;'  |ircifession.  He 
w.as  horn  in  (ireni  15;iy.  \\'iseonsiii. 
on  Septemlier  II.  I.ST-"i.  His  |)rim.ir\ 
■•(lucation  w.is  nee  i\ed  in  Chiciu'i"  |inli 
lie  schools  .and  e.irh  in  the  nineties 
he  was  jtradii.ated  from  the  Chie.iiio 
.Manual    Trainini;   .'^ehool. 

I'.nterini;  Armour  with  the  first 
class  in  IS!i:i  he  w.as  ■;-r.-idii.itid  111 
lKil7.  Later,  in  liK).!.  he  was  awardeil 
the  profession.al  dciirce.  Kleetrie.-il 
I'luiiini-er.  H.  w.is  m.arried  to  Hos.i 
l.illi.in    Dunh.am    In    Oetolier,    liHKi. 

.Mr.    Sims     niilit.irv   .and   n.av.il    rec 
ord   shows   that   he   sirvcd   in   lioth   tlie 
navy    and    in    the    army.       He    was    a 
inemher  of  the  Illinois   N.ix.il   lieserve 
from    IHJIt    to    I.SitK.       He    look    .letive 


p.irt  ill  the  Sp.inish  .\iiierie.iii  W.ar, 
lirst  .as  .1  noncommissioned  ollieer  in 
the  .\rinv  .and  hater  .as  Second  I. leu 
tenant.  Second  [' .  S.  Xoluiit.er  I'.niii 
neers.  .\fter  serving'  with  the  .\rmv 
of  Occup.ation   111   Cuh.i   h.    returned   to 


(  omm.indi  r  .and  Cliuf  Knjiinccr.  He 
held  the  rank  of  .Major  in  the  Illinois 
Uiscrve   Militia   from   li»17  to   liU'O. 

.Vfter  !;radiiation  from  Armour  .Mr 
.Sims  w.as  .assist.aiit  eni;iiu-er  for  the 
('hi.-.ai;,!  T.  hphoiie  (■oiupany.  He 
held  .1  simii.ir  iiositlon  with  the  Chi- 
e.i^ii  halison  C'omp.any  from  I  Mil  I  to 
liMlC  when  lu  hee.aine  .imlneer  for  tin 
Ho.ird  of  .Su|)er\  isiiiii  F.nniiieer' 
stuilyinu  the  C'liicai;o  traction  |iroh 
leni.  In  1!>I1  he  entered  the  Stom 
and  W fhster  Knirinicrini;  Corpor.atior 
as  iiinst  ruction  enn'inecr.  His  tirsi 
eoniKctiiMi  with  the  (dmmonwi 
I'dlson  (  ompaiiy  came  in  li)I()  wliei 
he  ser\eil  ill  the  capacity  of  field  <n 
^iiuar.  He  continned  in  this  positioi 
until  1!)2S)  when  he  was  in.idi-  assist 
ant  enLjincer  of  the  Insldi-  I'l.int  Hi 
X  ishui.  He  w.as  m.ide  eiiiiineer  n! 
this  division  In  lii^JI)  .ami  In  lii.'i'J  he 
I'.amc  chief  electrical  eniriiieer:  thi^ 
position  he  holds  today. 

.Xciainipanyini!;  his  steady 
the  eiiiiineerina;  profession  w.as  hi- 
eontinuiiii;  interest  in  j)rofessi(Mi.al  or 
H'.anizations.  Accordinufly  he  liec.niK 
identified  with  many  uroujis  which  in 


the    L'nited    St.ites    .and    w.as    Idcnlitied  elude      the      followinij:      I'ellow.      Tilt 

.a.ir.iin  with  the    Illinois   N.av.al    Heser\e  American    Institute   of    I''.lectrical    Kn 

<lurin,!i;    two    )ieriods.     1!HK)  I'.tdt    .and  i;ineers;    Munher.    The    Western    So 

]S)07-1!M<!.        He      ntired      from     this  ciety   of   Kngineers;   Director.   Klcctric 

Serviia-    with    tin-    r.iiik    of    I.icuten.int  .\ssoeiation      of      Chic.a'io:       Director 


42 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


Utilities  Researcli  Coinniissioii ; 
Chairman,  Committee  on  Electric 
Switching-  and  Switehgear,  Associa- 
tion of  Edison  Illuminating  Comi)a- 
nies;  Member,  National  Committee  of 
the  International  Electro-Technical 
Commission;  Member,  Electrical 
Standards  Committee,  American 
Standards  Association. 

Early  in  the  century,  when  the  Ar- 
mour Alumni  Association  numbered 
only  a  few  men  Mr.  Sims  was  one  of 
the  energetic  spirits  that  kept  things 
moving.  He  was  president  in  1901 
,111(1  I!H)-.'.  In  l!i;!8  he  was  elected  to 
the  Hoard  of  Managers  to  represent 
the  class  groups.   1897-1902. 

Because  of  his  great  interest  in 
Armour  affairs  and  because  many  Ar- 
mour graduates  have  worked  with  Mr. 
Sims  during  the  past  forty-five  years. 
Armour  men  will  be  interested  in 
knowing  that  his  son,  William  Ed- 
ward Sims,  Purdue,  '35,  is  following 
a  similar  career.  He  is  now  on  active 
duty  as  an  engineer  officer  on  the  de- 
strover,  U.  S.  S.  Crosby. 

Mr.  Sims  is  a  member  of  the  Union 
League  Club  of  Chicago,  the  Naval 
and  Militarv  Order,  Spanish-Amcr- 
can  War,  and  the  United  War  Vet- 
erans. He  is  a  charter  member  of  the 
Armour  chapter  of  Phi  Kappa  Sigma 
P'raternity.  His  residence  is  at  6.33 
Thatclur  Avenue,  River  Forest,  Illi- 
nois. 

Appreciation 

In  the  past  year  much  valuable  as- 
sistance has  been  given  to  the  Alumni 
Editor  by  Armour  men  and  otliers  not 
connected  with  the  Institute.  Contri- 
butions have  been  received  from  re- 
mote points  on  the  globe,  and  this  has 
made  the  Alumni  section  of  the  En- 
(iiNKKit  AND  AuMNUs  a  rccord  of 
.\rni()ur  men  everywhere. 

In  recognition  for  their  valuable 
assistance  we  express  our  thanks  by 
listing  some  of  the  individuals  who 
have  made  our  work  easier. 

Perhaps  the  greatest  assistance  was 
rendered  by  Harry  P.  Richter,  C.  E.. 
'32,  who.  although  without  title,  acted 
in  the  capacity  of  Associate  Alumni 
Editor.  Others  include:  J.  H.  De 
Boo,  M.E.,  '35;  R.  M.  Krause,  M.K.. 
31;  President  Henry  T.  Heald:  C.  .1. 
.lens,  F.P.E..  '32;"  Professor  .1.  B. 
Finnegan ;  .1.  .1.  Schommer.  Cli.K.. 
'12;  Eugene  Voita,  Arch.,  '25;  G.  B. 
Perlstein,  Ch.E..  '10;  R.  M.  Hender- 
son, E.E.,  '02;  B.  ,1.  Weldon,  F.P.K,. 
'30;  C.  W.  Dunbar,  F.P.F...  '3,S;  K. 
K.  Freeman,  F.P.F. .  '37;  W.  ,1.  Talla- 
fuss,  Ch.E.,  '36. 

Many  others  might  be  singled  out 
for  their  help,  and  more  especially 
the  staff  in  the  Alumni  Office  who 
were  always  at  hand  to  siip))ly  tlir 
missing  data.  To  all  of  these  niir 
thanks. 


1904 

\\u  KiiiisiiA.M,  l>',ii\VAiii)  .1.,  .M.E.,  is  a  .Me- 
eliMiiieal  Kngiiioer  fur  the  Fuel  &  Heat 
Kiifiineering  Co.,  1+.54  Hood  .\ve.,  Ciiicago. 
His  home  is  at  9+29  .liistine  Street,  Chi- 
cago. 

1906 

.McCr-vckin,  Wai,i.ace,  E.E.,  of  Hamil- 
ton, Montana,  passed  awav  on  N'ovemlier 
k   19+0. 

Wanner,  Franklin,  M.E.,  who  is  Heal 
Estate  Broker  with  (^uinlan  &  Tyson,  1.571 
Sherman  St.,  Evanston,  has  recently  moved 
ti>  1533  Chase   .\ve.,   Chicago. 

1907 

XiNi),  .loiiN  Nkwton,  iM.E.,  is  President 
of  tlie  Nind  Realty  Co.,  200  Division  Ave., 
Grand  Rapids,  Michigan.  His  residence 
is  .532  Gladstone  Ave.,  Grand  Rapids. 

Tompkins,  George  D.,  C.E.,  has  retired 
from  business  and  may  be  reached  e/o 
R.F.D.  No.   1,  Montague,  Michigan. 

1908 

Doi'TiiiTT,  Merton  .T.,  C.E.,  is  Utilities 
Officer  at  Fort  Custer,  Michigan.  His 
temporary  address  is  32  Wiltshire  Ave., 
Battle  Creek,  Michigan. 

Woi.TEHs,  George  P.,  Arch.,  is  connected 
with  Willnir  Watson  &  Associates  design- 
ing the  Ravenna  Ordnance  Plant,  Ra- 
venna. Ohio.     He   resides  in   Hiram,  Oliio. 

1910 

CiODKREV,  Frank  O.,  E.E.,  who  is  in  the 
Engineering  Dept.,  Illinois-Iowa  Power 
Co.,  Decatur,  Illinois,  has  recently  moved 
to  l(i+  N.  Summit  St.,  Decatur. 

Pashi.ey,  Ervin  S.,  Arcli.,  lias  recentlv 
moved  to  831  S.  W.  Vista,  Portland. 
Oregon. 

1911 

Gougi.e'r,  .Icdson  H.,  M.E.,  is  Associate 
Mechanical  Engineer  for  the  U.  S.  Navy 
in  the  Marine  Diesel  Dept.  of  Fairbanlis 
Morse  &  Co.,  Beloit,  Wisconsin.  He  is 
living  at  82T  Central  .Vve.,  Beloit,  Wis- 
consin. 

.Tones,  Harvev  W.,  C.E.,  is  the  Wash- 
ington Representative  for  T.  C.  Field  & 
Co.,  823  Colorado  Bldg..  Washinuton,  1).  C. 

1912 

Anderson,  Seymour  Clarence,  C.E.. 
wlio  is  a  Construction  Engineer  with  the 
Standard  Oil  Co.  of  Kentucky,  7+2  Mari- 
etta St.,  Atlanta,  Georgia,  has  changed  his 
address  to  .3499  Roswell   Rd.,  Atlanta. 

Erickson,  George  C,  E.E.,  conducts  his 
own  business  as  electro-chemical  radium 
technician  at  30  N.  LaSalle  Street,  Chi- 
cago. 

Geisler,  Rupert  .1.,  C.E.,  is  emi)Ioyed 
as  Sales  Engineer  for  A.  H.  Dobler  & 
Associates,  .548  Railway  Exeliange  Bldg.. 
Chicago.  He  is  residing  ,it  the  Illinois 
Athletic  Clul),  Ciiicago. 

1913 

Frakv.  Paii..  F.P.F...  iKissed  away  on 
N'ovemlier  2(),  191U  after  a  sudden  illness. 
The  Enginier  extends  its  deepest  sym- 
pathy to  Mrs.  Frary  and  his  daughters. 
Frances,  Blanche  and  Gertrude  .\nn. 

1  iNiiarisT,  .losKi'ii  B.,  .\rch.,  resides  at 
1701    Mellodv    Road,    1  ake   Forest,   Illinois. 

1914 

IliiuiA..!.  (1  OIK  C.  (  liF...  «ho  is  T.tIi 
iiicil  Din-etor.  Developiiienl  D.-lil.  Wood 
Conversion  t'o.,  in.iv  be  i-e.iched  a(  ILpk 
l.5(i.   Cloiiuet.   .Minnesota. 

1915 

Nac.i.i:.  .Ioiin  Ice.  CI-"...  is  now  eiii|>lo\  ril 
ill  Wasbillgtoii.  n.  C.  He  design, -,1  the 
Lincoln  Memorial  Bridge  over  the  I'olo- 
inac  River,  eoiineetiiig  tlie  I  iiieoln 
Memorial   and   the   approach   to   .\rliiigtori 


Cemetery,  lli-  is  now  in  charge  of  certain 
|ih.ises  of  the  design  of  the  air  bases  on 
the  areas  ari|iiirecl  rernith'  from  Great 
Britain. 

1916 

.\r.macost.  Wilbur  H.,  M.E.,  who  is 
Design  Engineer,  sujierheater  and  eeono- 
niizer  division,  Conibii.stion  Engineering 
Co.,  Inc.,  200  .Madison  .\ve..  New  Yorii 
City,  is  now  residing  at  !•")  Pophain  Road. 
Searsdale,  X.  Y. 

Farrier,  Clarence  W.,  .\reh.,  is  .Asso- 
ciate Regional  Coordinator,  Office  of 
F^mergency  Management,  Division  of  De- 
ft use  Hoii'sing  Coordination,  1600  Eye  St., 
X.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C.  His  home  is 
at   .'117   .St.-iiiley   Ave.,   Mamaroneck,   K.   Y. 

1917 

Harvev.  .Ia.-mes  D.,  C.E.,  is  in  business 
for  himself  under  the  name  of  James  D. 
Harvev  &  Co.,  Real  Estate  Sales,  Loans 
&  Management.  10  S.  La  Salle  Street, 
Chicago. 

1919 

M.uiTiN,  Ihi.  (  .,  C.F..  who  is  General 
Manager,  Woodward  Governor  Co.,  211) 
Mill  Street.  Rockford,  Illinois,  mav  be 
re^ielied    bv    R.F.D.    No.   2.    Rockford,   Illi- 


1920 

RegensbuhgeRj  RiciiARn  W.,  M.E..  is 
Sujierintendent  of  the  Xeuhoff  Packing 
Co.,  Xashville.  Tennessee.  His  home  is  at 
3()22  Saratoga   Drive.   Xashville. 

1921 

Bird,  Harlan  W.,  M.E.,  has  recently 
changed  his  address  to  22.33  N.  Bucking- 
hfini  St.,  Lee  Heights,  Arlington,  Vir- 
ginia. 


SPECIAL  COURSE 

/;;  patt-nt  lazv  open  to  engineering 

or  lazv  school  graduates! 
.\  comprehensive  course  in  Patent. 
Trade-mark,  Copyright  and  Unfair 
Competition  Law.  May  be  taken 
either  as  candidate  for  degree  of 
M.P.L.  or  not  as  candidate  for  de- 
gree. Prepares  for  patent  agree- 
ment examination,  and  given  by 
members  of  Chicago  Patent  Bar. 
Meets  once  a  week,  Wednesdays. 
6:30  to  9:20  P.  M.  Registration 
begins  October  ist. 

The  John  Marshall 


LAW 

SCHOOL 

FOUNDED   1899 

AN 

ACCREDITED 

LAW  SCHOOL 

TEXT  ond   CASE 

METHOD 


For  Cololoo.  recom- 
mended list  of  pre-legol 
subieds,  and  booklci 
"SludyofLowondPropcr 
Preptuolion"  oddresi 
Edward     T     Lee,    Deon 

315  Plymouth  Ct.,  Chicago,  III. 


COURSES 

(40>. 
After 
5da 

eeksperyear) 
noon— 3'a  yeors 
ys... 4:30-6:30 

Even 
Mon 
6:30 

ing  —  4  years 
,  Wed.,  Fri., 

-9:20 

Post 
1  yea 
Prac 
excl 

graduate 

ice  courses 
Dsively. 

Allc 
tod 

ourses  lead 
egrees. 

Two 
wor 

years'  college 
t   required   for 

Nev, 
inS 

classes  form 
ept.  and  Feb. 

May,  1941 


43 


(iiASK,  Dkhwoou  Si'MNKR.  C.E.,  Is  fariii- 
iii);  near  t'harli)tl<'svillr,  \'irj»inin,  uiid  may 
lit"  reached  at  Box  |:J13,  I'nivcrsity  Sta- 
licm.  Charlotte'-ville,  \'ir};iiii«. 

1' ASSKTT.  Hklkx  I.oiisi:.  Arch.,  is  Drat'ts- 
iiiaii  for  Smith,  Hinchman  &  Grvlls,  Mar 
.|iictte  HIdjr..  Detroit,  Michifian.  She  is 
residing'  at   KiOl   K.  .JefTerson  St.,  Detroit. 

l{o.sB.\CK.  I.KK  H..  t".E.,  is  Captain  in  tiie 
Office  of  the  (Quartermaster  C.eneral  of  the 
V.  S.  .Vrmv.  He  is  stationed  in  Wasli 
injrton.  D.  r.  lli>  home  is  at  ls\r,  I.eland 
Sf..    Chevy    Chase.    M.i r>  l.irid. 

1922 

CArij:v.  Frank  W.,  Arcti.,  is  practicinfr 
architecture  at  1.519  Ilinnian  .\ve.,  Evans- 
ton.  Illinois.   This  is  also  his  home  address. 

{Jii.BKRTSox.  tloRuoN  .\.,  Cli.E.,  resides 
at    ISW   ith    Street,    Muskefron,    Michigan. 

HiMKLV.  Mark  A..  M.K.,  is  Sales  Ap-nt 
&  Uepresentative  for  I.aBour  Co.,  C.  H. 
iliint  &  Son,  Aurora  Pum[>  Co.,  Melton 
Hoy  Pumps,  21.  Connnerce  St.,  Xewarii. 
Xe«-  .Jersey.  His  home  is  at  Iiii  Park 
.Xveiuie.  East  Oranpre.  New  .lersey. 


CLASSIFIED    ADVERTISEMENTS 


1923 


I'liiKiK.  Mvx.  .M.K.,  recentiv  moved  his 
otIi<-e  to  Suite  ITili)  Hurnh.im"  lUd^'..  liin 
N.  I. a  .Salle  .St..  Chicafro.  He  is  a  memlier 
of  the  firm,  Enpene  and  Max  Fulirer. 
.Architects  &   Engineers. 

HrwALDT.  Hkixiioi.i>  H..  E. ]■'..,  is  Sales 
Eiifrineer  for  Northern  Indian.i  Pulilic 
Service  Co..  .52l>.-.  Holiman.  Hammond. 
Indiana.  He  resides  at  (it_'_'  Forest  Am- 
nue,  Hammond.  Indian.i. 

1924 

Hvuwooi..  Hahi.an  K..  F.P.E..  is  liviii.- 
at  2.-.21  E.  (;ienoal<s  Blvd..  Glendale.  Cali- 
fornia. He  was  recently  made  I'nderwrit- 
inj;  Manager,  Pacific  "  Dept..  Eederati-d 
Hardware  Mutuals.  Us  S.  Hill  St..  l.os 
Anpeles.  California. 

1925 

HvLDWix.  \V.  IIm...  I.P.E..  is  .Special 
.VgcMt  for  the  New  "^'ork  fnderwriters 
Insurance  Co.,  :il2  (iuardian  Bldg.,  St. 
Paul,  Minnesota.  His  residence  is  at  2M 
P'.asf   .Wrd    St..   Minneapolis,   Minnesota. 

(iRKi.v,  I  oils  S.,  F.P.F;..  was  ordered  to 
active  duty  as  Captain  in  the  Corps  of 
Engineers.  C.  S.  .\rmy,  at  Camp  Shelhv. 
Mississippi,  as   of  .Taniiary   17,   19H. 

WruB.  EnwAHo  Francis.  C.E.,  is  em 
ployed  on  one  of  the  National  Defense 
Housing  ))ro,iects  in  \'aM.-i.i.  California. 
He  mav  he  reached  .il  P.  O.  Box  1112. 
Vallejo.  California. 

1926 

IIa.m.mkr,  Hovt  Mills,  P.P.E..  is  resid 
iiig  at  292(1  Felt/.  .\ve..  Cincinn.-iti.  Ohio. 
He  is  employed  as  Special  .\gent  for  the 
Fidelity  &  Guaranty  Fire  Corp..  (i2t  Dixii- 
'rerminal    Bldg..    Cincinnati.   Ohio. 

McI.ARK.v.  S.  .losKi'ii  .Jr..  F.P.F...  is  now 
in  charge  of  engineering  for  Crimi  \ 
Forster.  Ereeport.  Illinois.  ,ind  lives  at 
I.'iliK   W.   Harrison   St..    Ereejiort. 

.Mri:i.M.B.  Harold  Ciiari.ks.  .M.E..  who 
is  General  .Manager.  The  Powers  Uegul.i 
tor  Co..  2720  Greenview  .\ve..  Chicago,  is 
now  residing  at  1277  Forest  Glen  Dr..  N.. 
Winnelka.  Illinois. 

NiiMorni;.  Paii.  .\ii,isi-.  M.F...  is  S.ilrs 
.Manager  for  Container  Corp.  of  .\merica. 
2017  W.  7tli  St..  Fort  Worth.  Texas,  and 
his   home  is  at   2711   Greene.   Fort   Worth. 

\\'i:rrLKv.  Erkkiiarii  E.,  M.E.,  is  in  husi- 
ness  for  himself  as  P.ilent  Draftsman  & 
ReL'istered  Patent  .\tlornev.  Hoom  ir.4-2. 
•Vt  W.  .laekson  Blvd..  Chicago.  He  is  now 
living  in  his  new  lioine  at  7n.-i8  N.  M.is.ni 
Ave..  Chicago. 


BUICK-CADILLAC 

Sales  and  Sennce 

FRED   C.   DIERKING 

Class    of    1912 

3860  Ogden  Avenue 

Chicago,    Illinois 

Crawford   4100 


Automoti' 


BORG  &  BECK 

DIVISION  OF  BORG-WARNER  CORP. 

Manufacturers 

of 

Automotive  Clutches 

6558  S.  Menard  Ave.     Chicago,  III. 


earing    Service 


General  purpose  bronze  bush- 
ings— Special  bushings,  plain 
or  babbitt  lined,  to  your  blue 
prints — Bronze  cored  and  solid 
bars — Laminated  shim  sheets — 
Bearings  rebabbitted. 

FEDERAL-MOGUL  SERVICE 

I  icfory   2488  Calumet   4213 

1923  S.  Calumet  Ave., 

Chicago,  111. 
H.   C.   SKINNER,   MJl.'lS 


Building     SupplI 


MODERN  MILL 

EQUIPPED  FOR 

INDUSTRIAL  PRODUCTION 

SCHENK  LUMBER  CO. 

6601  SOUTH  CENTRAL  AVENUE 

HEM.  3300 

"The  Only  Yard  in  the  Clearing  District" 


ilding    Construction 


SERVING     CHICAGO'S     LEAD 
ING    ARCHITECTS   SINCE    1892 

S.  N.  NIELSEN 
COMPANY 


BUILDING 
CONSTRUCTION 


3059     AUGUSTA     BOULEVARD 
CHICAGO  -  ILLINOIS 

Soren  N.  Nielsen.  President 
Eller   R.   Nielsen,   '16,  V.-Pres.  &  Troas. 


Candles    and    Cigars 


Compliments  of 

MIDWAY  CIGAR 
FACTORY 

WHOLESALE 

CIGARS,     ClGAREnES.     TOBACCOS, 
CANDIES,   GLOVES   AND   SUNDRIES 


233  West  63rd  Street 

('2488 

Phones:  Englowood  <  2489 

(.2266 


Compliments 

PIONEER  CANDY  CO. 

Wholeaale   Confectionera 


CIGARS  —  CIGARETTES 

and 

FOUNTAIN   SUPPUES 


3211  Ogden  Ave. 


Chicago 


WALTER  H.  FLOOD  &  CO. 

CHEMICAL   ENGINEERS 

INSPECTION    AND    TESTING     OF    MATERIALS 

AND   STRUCTURES 

CONCRETE    CORE    CUTTING    IN 

WALLS,    CEILINGS.     FLOORS.     PAVEMENTS. 

COLUMNS.    FOUNDATIONS.    ETC. 

822    E.    42nd    Sf.,    Chicago 

THcphonfi:   ATL.intlt  0011.  0012.   001.1 


44 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


1927 

.Maki.uw.  NuiiciLAs  H.,  M.E.,  is  an 
Instructor  in  Machine  Drawing  at  Schurz 
High  School,  Cliicago.  His  wife  recently 
presented  him  with  a  son,  Paul  Thomas, 
jn  March  6,  19  U. 

Pacx.vhd,  Robert  W.,  C.E.,  is  in  the 
Production-Operating  Dept.  of  R.  R. 
Donnelley  &  Sons  Co.,  350  E.  22nd  Street, 
Chicago.  His  home  is  at  77.53  Saginaw 
Ave.,  Chicago. 


I'l  Kii.KH,  l.Awiit.Nci:  F.,  E.E.,  is  now 
Junior  Mechanical  Engineer,  Calumet 
Sewage  Treatment  Works,  Sanitary  Dis- 
trict of  Chicago,  126th  St.  and  Cottage 
Grove  Ave.,  Chicago.  He  was  married 
in  June,  1939,  and  is  living  in  his  own 
home  at  144:30  S.  Michigan  Ave.,  River- 
dale,   Illinois. 

Reutter,  C^vhl  J..  F.P.E.,  who  is  Fire 
Insurance  Engineer  for  the  W.  A.  Alex- 
ander &  Co.,  13.5  S.  La  Salle  St.,  Chicago, 
resides  at  9909  S.  Bell  Ave.,  Chicago. 


Concrete    Breaking 


Phone:    Normal  0900 
WANTED:  A  HARD  JOB! 

Chicago  Concrete  Breaking 
Company 

BLASTING  EXPERTS 

WITH    A    NATION    WIDE    REPUTAnON 

Removal  of 
MACHINERY    FOUNDATIONS— ROCK 
SALAMANDERS  — SLAG   DEPOSITS  — 
CONCRETE  STACKS— VAULTS— ETC. 


•     •     • 


6247  Indiana  Ave.      Chicago,  111. 


Consulting    Engineers 


INDUSTRIAL  FURNACES 

For  All  Purposes 


t  Natur; 
ToU..:      \^r 
(.Produ. 


To  Ui.:      ■{  5^,"=   ""°  ""  >    A.  Fuels 

ducer  Gas 

FLINN  &   DREFFEIN  COMPANY 

308  West  Washington  Street 

Chicago,    Illinois 


Contractor; 


E.  H.  MARHOEFER,  JR.  CO. 

CONTRACTORS 

Merchandise  Mart 
Superior   7811 

CHICAGO 


Costumes 


SCHMIDT  COSTUME  &  WIG  SHOP 

REQUISITES  FOR  THE 

FANCY  MASQUE  BALL 

&  AMATEUR  STAGE 

9  20  NORTH  CLARK  STREET 

MOHlMvk  S.'!,"^ 

• 

Costumcrs  to  the  ARMOUR  PLAYERS 


Drawing    Materials 


Drawing  Materials 
THE  FREDERICK  POST  CO. 

Hamlin   and   Avondale   Avenues 
CHICAGO 


Drawing    Materials 


The  World's  Finest 

Surveying  Instruments 

• 

DRAWING   INSTRUMENTS 

SLIDE  RULES 

MEASURING  TAPES 

Unequivocally  Guaranteed 

KEUFFEL  &.  ESSER  CO. 

OF  NEW  YORK 


SAN    FRANCISCO 
LOS    ANGELES 


Electrical    Equlpn 


"BBB" CARBON 

.  .  .  since  1890 

Electrical     and     Mechanical 
Carbon   Products 

BECKER  BROTHERS  CARBON  CO. 

3450  S.  52nd  Ave.,  Cicero,  Crav/tord  2260 


Chicaso  Transformer 
Corporation 

3501    ADDISON  STREET 
Chicago,  Illinois 

Independence   I  120 


ELECTRICAL  WINDINGS 
INCORPORATED 

DESIGNERS  and  MANUFACTURERS  of 
ELECTRICAL  WINDINGS  AND  SPECIALTIES 

910  WEST  LAKE  STREET 

CHICAGO,  ILL. 

Telephone   SEEley   6400 


Scm.i,i:K.  U.  (I..  li.E.,  is  Developiuent 
Kngineer  for  tin-  Teletype  Corp.,  1400 
Wrightwoud  .Vve.,  C.'liicaf.'ii.  and  lives  at 
:«7   Oakland    Driv.-,    Hifrlilaml    Park,    Illi- 

1928 

.\xnERS0N,  Lksi.ik  .1.,  E.E.,  is  Sound 
Engineer  with  the  UC.\  Manufacturing 
Company.  His  home  address  is  12.5  North 
Drive,   Haddonfield,   New  .Jersey. 

Bates,  Richard  H.,  C.E.,  is  Division 
Engineer  for  the  Standar<l  Oil  Companv. 
Joliet,  Illinois.  His  home  is  at  1323  Keii- 
niore  Ave.,  Joliet. 

BowjiAx,  Irvixg  H.,  .Vreh.,  is  Architec- 
tural Draftsman,  Wilbur  Watson  &  Asso- 
ciates, Ravenna  Ordnance  Plant,  Ravenna, 
Ohio.  His  home  address  is  Bo.x  62,  Hiram, 
Ohio. 

EvEx,  JoHX  T.,  F.P.E.,  is  Engineer  for 
the  Fireman's  Fund  Group,  312  Frederick 
Schmidt  Bldg.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  His 
home  is  ,it  ■")71!)  Doerger  I.ane,  Cincin- 
nati. 

.STTi.vtHT.  I'm  I.  W.,  E.E.,  is  employed 
hy  the  I.arsen  Company.  CJreen  Bay.  Wis- 

cnnsill, 

1929 

,\ucrsTixE,  AisTix,  F.P.E.,  is  Special 
Agent  for  the  Home  Insurance  Co.  of  New 
"iork,  116-20  S.  4th  St.,  St.  Louis,  Mis- 
souri. His  home  is  at  6853  Plymouth, 
University   City,  Missouri. 

Fhi^dmax,  Theodore  W.,  C.E.,  is  High- 
way Engineer  for  the  Public  Roads  .Ad- 
ministration, AVashington,  D.  C.  His 
residence  is  at  510S  2nd  St.,  N.  W.,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  A  son.  Richard  W.,  was 
horn  October  2o,   1940. 

KuGLix,  Chari.es  R.,  E.E.,  has  recently 
moved  to   10207   S.  Wood  Street,  Chicago. 

MissxER,  -Vhthur  Otto,  C.E.,  who  is 
lUsident  Engineer,  Illinois  Highway  Dept, 
I'.iri-..  Illinois,  has  recently  changed  his 
.iiidr.ss  to  .320  Isabella  St.,"Wilmette,  Illi- 
nois. 

Phelps,  Ralph  E.,  F.P.E.,  is  in  the 
legal  Department  of  S.  S.  Kresge  Com- 
panv, 2727  Second  Avenue,  Detroit,  Michi- 
gan", and  he  resides  at  739  Drexel.  Dear- 
horn. 

1930 

As.Mis.  Wn.iiAM  F..  E.E.,  is  a  Tool 
l)e-igner  for  the  Consolidated  .\ircraft 
Ci.mpany,  Lindberg  Field,  San  Diego. 
California.  At  present  he  is  living  at 
.!771  Eagle  Street,  San  Diego. 

FisCHMAX,  Leon  H.,  C.E.,  is  District 
Engineer  for  the  Cook  County  Highway 
Department.  160  N.  LaSalle  St..  Chicago, 
and  resides  at   1263  Pratt  Blvd.,  Chicago. 

Fisher,  Frank  .1.,  C.E.,  is  Cartoon 
Cameraman  for  Screen  Gems,  Inc.,  Colum- 
bia Pictures  Corp.,  K61  N.  Seward  St., 
Hollywood,  California.  He  resides  at  914 
X.   Reese   Place,    Burbank,  California. 

Hei.leh,  George  .)..  M.lv,  is  in  business 
for  himself  as  manufacturer's  agent, 
handlincr  air  conditioning  accessory  equip- 
ment, P.  O.  Box  82,  College  Park  Station. 
Detroit,  Michigan.  His  residence  is  at 
l(i5.59    Indiana    .\ve.,   Detroit,    Michigan. 

K-VTZ.  IsADoRE  GoRuo.N.  Ch.F...  is  em- 
ploved  as  .Vssistaiit  .Manager  for  the  Edi- 
son Bros.  Stores.  Inc..  in  Kansas  City. 
Missouri,  and  resides  at  917  .Armstrong. 
Kansas  Citv. 

Maxske.Wh.i.ia.m.  C.E.,  has  moved  to 
s.>()  Pcnnsvlvania  .\venuo.  St.  I.ouis,  Mis- 
s.-uri.  He  is  emph>yed  as  Chief  Inspector 
&  Production  Manaiier  for  .American  Man- 
ganese  Steel    Co. 

Smith.  Donaid  \V..  M.F,.,  is  Sales  Engi- 
neer for  the  Sealed  I'ower  Corp..  General 
Motors  Rldg..  Detroit.  Michigan,  and 
resides   at    92W    McKinnev.    Detroit. 


May,   1941 


45 


Electrical   Engii 


V:     lie   Kaodolph   1125 
A.l    Ucpartmrat» 

GOLDBERG    &    O'BRIEN 
ELECTRIC  CO. 

ELECTRICAL     ENGINEERS    AND 
CONTRACTORS 

OFFICE     AND     PLANT 

17  South   Jefferton   Street 
Chicago,   tllinoii 


Flxtur 


Dlinois    EUectric    Porcelain 
Company 

MACOMB.     ILLINOIS 

E.  J.  BURRIS 

District  Representaiitt 
TELEPHONE:    DEARBORN    0532 

109  No.   Dearborn  Chicago,   Illinois 


FLUORESCENT 
FIXTURES 


Neon    Sign    i 


INTERNATIONAL  NEON  PRODUCTS 


16   N.    May    St. 
H.  Epstein 


Chicago,    III. 
Class  '20 


COMMERCIAL  LIGHTING 

FLOOD  LIGHTS 
FLUORESCENT  FIXTURES 

MULTI  ELECTRICAL  MFG.  CO. 

1840  W.    14th   St.,   Chicago.    III. 


STANCOR 

Standard  Transformer 
Corporation 

1500  NORTH  HALSTED  ST. 
Chicago,    Illinois 

Mohawk   5300 


LIGHTING  FIXTURES 

and 
ELECTRICAL  SUPPLIES 

TRIANGLE  ELECTRIC  CO. 

600  West  Adams  Street 

Chicago 

Jiiik  Uyrncs  Tel.  H AYmarkel  b2o2 


\\'lI,l.iA.M>,    KuHKKT    H.,    CF..,    i.s    .V.s.sUlallt 

Civil  Engineer,  witli  Hie  t■(lll^tnu■liMf; 
Qu.irlerniu.stcr,  Fort  Slu-riilan,  Illinnis. 
Ills  liciine  aildrcss  is  102  S.  Butrick,  Waii- 
ket'an,  Illinois. 

1931 

.\iiB.\MsoN,  It.M.i'ii  J.,  K.E.,  is  eni])liive(l 
as  Draftsman  with  the  Reflector  Il.inl- 
ware  Corp.,  AVestcrn  &  22n(l  I'lare,  I'iii- 
cafio.  His  residence  is  at  1(>21  Farwell 
Avenue. 

Atpwooi),  Fbkd  B.,  Ch.E..  who  is  Sales 
Kiipinecr,  Samuel  M.  Lanjrstnn  Co..  Cam- 
ilon,  N'.  .1..  has  recently  moved  to  (i.5.'5 
Hector  St.,  Ho.xliorouph,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


.Vi  KiKs.  Ai.iiKHi  .1.,  Ch.E.,  is  Product 
I  iifiineer  tor  tile  X'ictor  Mfg.  &  Gasket 
(  (1.,  .5T."iO  W.  Roosevelt  Koad,  Chicago. 
He  has  completed  a  new  home  at  71.57  S. 
(  alifornia  Ave.,  Chicago. 

DicKK.  I.toN.vRi)  H.,  C.E.,  who  is  Asso- 
ciate Knpneer,  War  Uept.,  1217  V.  S. 
Post  OtTice  &  Custom  House,  St.  Paul. 
Minnesota,  in  the  I'.  S.  .\rmv,  still  resides 
at    .50(i    Mt.    Curve    Blvd..    St".    Paul. 

EonY,  Ricii.iHji  R.,  F.P.E.,  who  is  .Spe- 
cKil  .\gcnt  for  The  Home  Ins.  Co.  of 
N.  v..  1017  Chauiber  of  Coiumercc.  Indian- 
i|iolis,  Indiana,  resides  at  oMU)  tiuilford 
\\e..  Indianapolis. 

Erl.xnu,  Edward  C,  F.P.E.,  is  employed 
as  .State  .\gent  for  the  Firemen's  Insur- 
iiuc  Co.  of  Newark,  with  oflice  at  !».W 
N.  W.  Bank  Bldg.,  .Minneapolis.  .Minne- 
Mita.  His  home  address  is  2SI)!)  Park 
Ave. 

IvKRSOX,  Danikl  J.,  C.E.,  is  the  jinuid 
father  of  .1  hahy  daughter,  Helen  .l.inct, 
liorn  on  September  11.  IflKI.  He  lives  at 
SIK  .Michigan,  Evanston.   Illinois. 

.loii.NsoN,  A.  E.  FRKUtRicK,  .M.E..  is  now 
\'ice  President  in  charge  of  ])roductiori 
tor  Chicago  Metal  Hose  Corp.,  i:J1.5  S. 
ird,  Miiywood.  Illinois.  His  residence  is 
at  .57.51  .S.  Richmond,  Chicago. 

MoROAx.  Milan  J.,  C.E.,  is  Designing 
Engineer,  Standard  Oil  Company,  at 
Whiting,  Indiana.  He  resides  in  Chester- 
ton,  Indiana. 

Nelson-,  Raymond  F.,  Arch.,  is  Under 
writer  Assistant  for  the  Continental  In- 
surance Co.,  844  Rush  Street.  Chicago. 

O'Connor,  Thom.vs  B.,  E.E.,  is  Sched- 
ule Maker,  Chicago  Surface  Lines,  231  S. 
la  Salle  St.,  Chicago.  His  residence  is 
at  GSOl  Perry  Ave..  Chicago. 

Pepe,  Salvatore  Ernest,  C.E.,  .Vsso- 
ciate  Engineer,  War  Dept..  U.  .S.  Engineer 
Office.  I5inghaniton,  .\".  Y..  has  recently 
changed  his  address  to  .50  Park  .St..  Bing- 
liamton,  N.  Y. 

Rosen,  N.vthan  R.,  Arch,  is  .Superin- 
tendent of  Construction  for  the  Power 
Construction  Co.,  212  So.  Marion  St..  Chi- 
cago, and  lives  at  N2:{  Bnena  .-\ve.,  Chi- 
cago. 

1932 

.\brasison,  Paii.  T..  .\rch..  is  now  em 
(iloved  by  the  Woodward  Ciovcrnor  Co., 
Roi-kford,  III. 

Bekger.  Max,  Ch.E..  was  married  in 
December,  1940,  and  resides  at  .5220 
Dre\el  Ave.,  Chicago.  He  teaches  nie- 
I  li.inical  drawing  and  shop  work  at  the 
Morrill  School  for  Crippled  Children. 
(  hicago. 

Davis.  Harold  R..  M.E.,  is  Cost  Ac 
CI  untaiil  for  Wright  .\eronautical  Corp., 
I'.iterson.  New  .Jersey.  His  residence  is 
at    'V>9    Prospect   St.,    Ridgewood,   N.   ,1. 

Fleisii.man.  Mairice,  Ch.E.,  who  is 
I'.iigincer  with  the  Operadio  Mfg.  Co.. 
I  No.  Crawford  .\ve..  Chicago,  has  re- 
cently changed  his  a<ldress  to  (f7:Sl  S. 
I'axton    .\ve.,    Chicago. 

Schramm,  -Milton  E.,  M.E.,  is  Research 
Engineer.  Engine  Research  Laboratory, 
Shell  Oil  Co.,  Wood  River.  Illinois.  lie 
is  married  and  has  a  son  three  years  old. 
He  is  now  residing  at  1210  St.  I,ouis  St.. 
Edwardsville,   Illinois. 

Seiterbebg,  Harry  C,  C.E..  who  is 
.Junior  Engineer.  V .  S.  Engiin-er  Otlicc, 
Oalveston,  Texas,  h.is  recentiv  inovid  to 
11021.  Ave.  Q.  Route  No.  I.  Box  tjd.  Oal- 
veston,   Texas. 

Ve.vema.  MayN/UU)  p.,  Ch.E.,  is  em- 
ployed with  Bacon  &  Thomas.  .Vttorncvs. 
1.5tii  &  H  Sts.,  Washington.  D.  C.  Ills 
residence  is  at  872.'i  Second  .Vveiuic.  .Silver 
Spring,  Maryland. 


Engrav 


ARTISTS -WRITERS 

PHOTOGRAPHER 

ENGRAVERS 

PRINTERS 


340  WEST  HURON  ST.,  CHICAGO 


Dearborn    6910 


THE  INDUSTRIAL  ERECTORS,  Inc. 

188  W.   RANDOLPH   STREET 

SIDNEY   I.  COLE,    (^S) 

CHICAGO 

Erectors    of    Industrial    Macliinery    and    Conveyors 


Felt 

Product 

■■ 

WESTERN 

FELT 

WORKS 

Manulacfurers     and 

Cutters 

of  Felts  for 

All  Governmental                |  i 

and     Indust 

rial     Pu 

poses 

4029-4117  Ogden 

Ave. 

Chicago,  III. 

Established    16 

99 

Flo 


Telephone    Victory    4515-4516 
"your    Telegraph    Florist" 

J.  F.  KIDWELL  CO. 

Not    Inc. 

FLOWERS 

3530    MICHIGAN    AVENUE 
T.  A.   Kidwell  Chicago 


1933 

Bahmte.  Orvili.e  T..  Ch.E.,  is  Engineer 
of  Tests.  -Metal  &  Thermit  Corp.,  92 
Bishop  St.,  .lersey  City,  New  Jersey.  He 
resides  at  78  James  St..  Westwood,  New 
.lersey,  with  his  wife  and  two  sons. 

Be-vrii,  Earl  C^ilman,  Jr.,  C.E.,  who  is 
-\ssistant  Subway  Engineer,  City  of  Chi- 
cago. 20  N.  Wacker  Dr.,  Chicago,  has 
recently  changed  his  address  to  501  Cum- 
lit  rland   .\ve..  Park  Ridge,  Illinois. 

CARI.STBOM,  Roy  W.,  F.P.E.,  is  employed 
with  the  .\merican  Insurance  Co.  of 
Newark  as  Special  .\gent  and  is  located 
.it  Eau  Claire,  Wisconsin.  He  recently 
announced  the  arrival  of  a  iKMincing  baby 
iH.y,  Terry   Roy,  born  ,Mnrcli  '29,  19H. 

i)oMBROw,  Roman  J.,  E.E.,  who  is 
.\ssistant  Chief  Ins]>ector,  Chicago  Ord- 
ii.mce    District,    V.    S.    War    Dept.,    First 


46 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


National  Bank  Bldg.,  Chicago,  is  now 
residing  at  3858  N.  Oconto  Ave.,  Chicago. 
He  holds  a  Lieutenant's  ranli  in  the  Con- 
structing Quartermaster  Corps,  and  will 
he  transferred  to  the  Ordnance  Reserve 
shortly.  He  also  reports  that  he  acquired 
an  heir,  Donald   Roman  on   Dec.  2S,  IHHi. 

Nelsox,  Hans  Peter,  Arch.,  has  heen  a 
Designer  at  the  Westclox  Company  in 
LaSalle,  Illinois,  since  January,  1941.  .\ 
son,  Richard  Norman,  was  horn  to  .Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Nelson  on  November  2,  IfliO. 
They  are  residing  at  211.5  Seventh  Street, 
Peru,  Illinois. 

Pbiban,  Mii.ton  I..,  E.E.,  is  emplovcd 
hy  the  Cline  Electric  Mfg.  Co.,  211  'W. 
Wacker  Drive,  Chicago.  His  home  is  at 
2:«7   S.  60th  Court,   Cicero,    Illinois. 

1934 

Broockmann,  Meabl  Wm.,  F.P.E.,  is 
Inspector  with  the  Indiana  Inspection 
Bureau  at  Indianapolis,  Indiana.  He  was 
married  on  October  15,  1938,  to  Miss 
Esther  Marie  Kuch.  His  residence  is  at 
i2-Ui    Fairview    Terrace,    Indianapolis. 

GuNDERSON,  Walter  E.,  Ch.E.,  who  is 
Chemist  with  R.  R.  Donnelley  &  Sons  Co., 
3.50  E.  22nd  St.,  Chicago,  is  now  residing 
at   7749   S.  Yates   Ave.,  Chicago. 

KoLVE.  I.  A..  M.E.,  is  Inspector  of  Ord- 
nance Material  for  the  War  Department, 
309  W.  Jackson  Blvd.,  Chicago.  He  re- 
sides  at   3247    Franklin    Blvd..   Chicago. 

Kreuzkamp,  IJeorge  D.,  M.E.,  is  Sales 
Engineer  for  the  International  Harvester 
Co.,  180  N.  Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago.  His 
home  is   at   6315   Harper   Avenue. 

SciisnDT.  Ono  J.,  C.E.,  is  .\ssistant 
Sanitary  Engineer,  Illinois  Dept.  of  Public 
Health,"  1800  \V.  Fillmore,  Chicago.  His 
home  is  at  3711  Oreenview  ,\ venue.  Chi- 
cago. 

Woodsmalj..  Fr-ank  J.,  K.E.,  is  .Assist- 
ant Electrical  Engineer  for  the  Naval 
Research  I  almratory  in  Washington,  D.  C.. 
and  lives  in  his  new  home  at  3937  First 
St..  S.  W..  Washington,  D.  C. 

1935 

1935    MECHANICALS    MKEl 

On  Novenvber  13,  19M1.  the  Mechanicals 
of  the  Class  of  "33  held  their  sixth  annual 
fall  meeting  at  the  home  of  H.  L.  Mayer- 
owicz.  President  Leroy  Beckman  con- 
ducted the  meeting  tbrougli  the  regular 
items  of  business  and  discussions  of  activi- 
ties, including  the  holding  of  technical 
.sessions,  publication  of  news  items  con 
cerning  the  group  and  its  members,  and 
.social    functions. 

The  terms  of  the  offices  of  vice-president 
and  secretary-treasurer  had  expired; 
Hoflfman  was  chosen  to  succeed  Maci  as 
vice-president  and  DcBihv  was  reelected 
as   .secretary-treasurer. 

Birdsoxg,  ,Iohn  M.,  M.E.,  is  working  in 
the  Marine  and  .\ircraft  section  of  Gen- 
eral Electric  Company,  Schenectady,  .New 
York.  He  recently  moved  to  l'-  Wash- 
ington   Avenue.    Schenectady.    New    York. 

ClIRISTOPII,      .Xl.BERT     El.DRED,      M.E..     liaS 

returned  to  Chicasro  and  is  employed  liy 
the  Marble-Head  Lime  Company.  He  is 
living  at  11307  .\venne  G.  Chicago,  llli 
nois. 

CiTRO.  .TouN,  Ch.E.,  is  a  Chemist  for  the 
Universal  .\tlas  Cement  Co.,  in  Bnffington. 
Indiana.  His  home  is  located  at  342  E. 
108th   Street.   Chicago. 

Drei.l.  Hahrv,  M.E.,  has  transferred  to 
the   aircraft    industry   on   the   West   Coast. 

Fotter.  Mii.i_ahi)  .Ioseph,  M.E.,  was 
commissioned  as  Lieutenant,  V.  S.  Army, 
and  is  stationed  at  the  Quartermaster 
Corps.  Headfjuarters  at  Pershing  Road 
and  Wood  Street,  Chicago. 

Fhehinckh,   Otto  P.,   F.P.F...   is   Inspec- 


Serson  Hardware 
Company 

Established    1907 

INDUSTRIAL  SUPPLIES— SHEET 
METAL  WORK 

109-111   Ea^t  Thirty-First  Street 

Phone   Victory   {  J7'3 


Ice    Crean 


GOLDENROD 
ICE  CREAM 

Served  exclusively 
at 

ILLINOIS  INSTITUTE 
OF  TECHNOLOGY 


AIRGUIDE  WEATHER  INSTRUMENTS 

Thermometers — Barometers 
Hygrometers 


nELD  GLASSES 
FEE  AND  STEMWEDEL,  INC. 

4949    North    Pulaski    Road,    Chicago,    IlUnoU 
EEYstone  6600 


OVER  40  YEARS 

A   NAME   STANDING   FOR 

QUALITY 

AND 

HNE  WORKMANSHIP 

IN  THE  MANUFACTURE  OF 

SCIENTIFIC  INSTRUMENTS 

GAERTNER  SCIENTmC 
CORPORATION 

1201  Wrightwood  Ave.  CHICAGO 


t.>r  for  the  KcntuckN  .\ctiiarial  IliiriMii. 
Adams  Bldg..  Covington.  Kentucky.  He 
resides  at  13,5  Trcniont  .\ve..  I't.  Thomas. 
Kentucky,   with   his   wife   and   son. 

Hah.v,  .\rmasd  .1.,  I'li.E.,  is  .\ssistant 
Director  of  Research,  (ieneral  Ice  Cre.im 
Corporation,  Sclienectady.  N.  \.  His 
home  address  is  127.S  Baker  Avinue. 
Schenectady,  New  York. 

Heli-a,  Robert,  M.E.,  was  married  lii 
Miss  Frances  ,Tusko  of  Combined  Locks. 
Wisconsin,  on  Feb.  8,  19+1.  For  the  i>ast 
three    years    HcUa    has    l>een    working    at 


the  Combined  Locks  Paper  Co.  and  he  is 
now    Superintendent   of   the   Power   Plant. 

.Jones  Thosias  France.  .M.E.,  and  Mrs. 
.lones  became  the  parents  of  a  son.  Bruce 
.Mien,  last  summer.  Thev  live  at  2831 
-Minnesota,  S.  E.,  Washington.  D.  C.  He 
is  in  the  Engineering  Staff  of  the  l'.  S. 
Navy. 

Maci.  Raymond  James.  .M.E..  is  engaged 
in  studies  of  vibrations  in  engines  for 
aircraft  at  the  -\llison  Division  of  Gen- 
eral .Motors  Co.  His  home  address  is  31  ti 
N.  Delaware,  Indianapolis,  Indiana. 

-May.  Euwaru  -\NroN.  M.E.,  has  moved 
his  business  office  into  his  new  home  at 
2858  N.  .Major  .Vveiuie,  Chicago.  He 
operates  the  May  Stoker  Company. 

Mayerowicz.  Henry  1...  .M.E.,  is  now 
designing  spray  l)<)oths  and  equi])ment 
for  the  Binks  .Mamifacturing  Comiianv. 
Chicag.i. 

.Messinc^eh.  Behnaim,  1...  .M.K..  has  trans- 
ferred to  the  aircraft  industry  on  the 
West  Coast. 

Mey-er.  pREn  .John.  .M.E..  is  now  Man- 
ager. Monacousec  Division  (Drv  Wall  Ma- 
terial) Bird  &  Son.  Inc..  East  Walpole. 
-Mass.,  and  has  recently  chauL'cd  his 
address  to  38  Park  Lane.  East  Walpole. 

Radvillas.  Chari.i;s  K.,  M.E..  is  living 
at  3149  S.   Normal  Avenue,  Chicago. 

Sims.  Stanley".  M.E..  now  resides  at 
2.5.54  W.  -nth  Street.  Chicago. 

Stanovich.  Philip  D..  E.E.,  has  recently 
changed  his  address  to  3325  W.  lilst  Place, 
Chicago. 

Vendley",  Charles  Edward.  M.F...  is 
making  his  home  at  2210  .Vrthur  .\venue. 
Chicago. 

WiiE.vroN.  G.  W..  F.P.E..  is  Special 
Agent  &  Engineer  for  the  Fireman's  Fund 
Insurance  Co..  878  I'nion  Commerce  Bldg.. 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  His  home  is  at  136.5 
Clarence  .Vve.,  Lakewood.  Ohio. 

ZiKowsKi.  Chester  M.,  .\rcli..  is  Prin- 
cipal Engineering  Draftsman.  PuL'et 
Sound  Navv  Yard.  III-S  Hewitt  Street. 
Breiiicrt..n.   Washington. 

1936 

Bercoiist.  Gustav  H.,  C.F:.,  is  an  Engi- 
neer for  the  Chicago  Pump  Co.,  2300 
Wolfram  St.,  and  lives  ,it  11443  S.  Cen- 
tral  Park,   Chicago. 

CiiRiSTENSEN,  Carlo  .\L.  M.E..  is  Engi- 
neer in  charge  of  development  &  researcli 
for  Harvev  S.  Pardee.  Consulting  Eniri- 
neer.  200  '  N.  Latiin  St..  Chicago.  He 
resides  at   83(i   N.   .Massasoit.  Chicago. 

Kercher.  Roy  S..  E.Sc.  is  employed  at 
L'nderwriters  Laboratories.  Inc..  207  E. 
Ohio  St..  and  resides  at  23  W.  F'ranklin. 
Xaperville,  Ohio.  He  and  his  wife  are 
jiroud  to  amiouncc  the  arrival  of  a  bab\ 
L'irl.    riiyllis.  ,m    March   2.5.    1941. 

Khc'Ii  \ktor  .Ia.mes.  K.F...  was  married 
I..  .Mis-  .l.i.ic  AveriTian  of  Pittsl.urgli  on 
\pril    12.    I9|.|. 

1  xrii.i  s,  \\'irii%M  KnwMin,  M.F...  win. 
is  ,in  Kiigiriccr  f,.r  th,-  Ad.inis  .M.n-hin.-rv 
(■oni|..,nv  ill  Chicaiio.  resides  .it  2.^22 
\rtliur     \\e..  Cbica^'o. 

NiM.  Donald  ,I..  F.P.K..  is  Sjiecial 
.Vg<-nl  for  the  National  Fin-  liisur.ince 
Co.  of  Hartford.  857  I  eader  Bldg..  Cleve- 
land. Ohio.  His  home  is  ,it  8,55  Hoanokc 
Road.  Cleveland    Heights.  Ohio. 

lii.NDiLi.  Wn.ii\>i  G..  .M.F...  is  ein- 
jiloyed  as  Field  Engineer  for  the  Air 
Conditioning  &  Conunercial  Refrigeration 
ne)it.  of  General  Electric  Co.,  .5  Lawrence 
St..  Bloomfield.  New  .Tersev.  His  resi- 
dence is  at  l(i5  Franklin  St..  Bloomtield. 
New  .Tersey. 

SiEC.EL.  i.oiis.  Ch.F...  is  now  Procure- 
ment Supervisor.  .Ioseph  E.  Seagram  & 
.Sons.  Inc..  I  ouisville.  Kentucky.  He  re- 
sides  ,it    11(25   S.   Third   St..   I,oiiisvllle. 


May,   1941 


47 


I 


Shun.  1 1  ahhv  .M.,  (  .K..  is  Manapr  ut 
tlu-  .Miami  Cigar  &  Ti.l.arn.  Co..  UMl  K. 
.jtli  St.,  Dayton,  Ohio,  llr  n--i<lis  .it  liV, 
SiJPiTior  St.,  Davtoii.  Ohio. 

T.M.i..\nss,  W.  .1..  Ch.K..  is  .iiipl.n  >il  at 
the  Hi-ixliv  .Vviatioii  ('oriior.itii)ii.  South 
li.Mul.  Indiana.  His  home  a(hlifss  is  l:il!l 
K.   \Mctoria   St.,  Si>nlh    lU-iul.   Indiana. 

1937 

Ilich.MA.N.  -\loKHis  H..  .\r(h..  is  (in 
plovrd  h\  .lanu-s  Iralil).  Hnildcr.  l.'-'". 
IViitral  .\"m-..  Wihm-ttr.  Illinois.  11,-  IIms 
at  lil:)ll   N.   I'aulina  St..  Chicaf-'o. 

|{Ki:ri:ii.  Hou'  O..  K.K.,  has  lucn  ni  iil.- 
Cost  Knfrini-t-r  for  Atkinson  and  I'ollock. 
who  an-  contractors  for  V.  S.  Fieri  Op.-r- 
atinf:  Hasc  at  Terminal  Isl.and.  lie  is 
^.•.sidin^'  at  21(1  Kast  Third  St..  I  onjr 
IJcach.  talifornia. 

H.MiHoi.n,  H.J.,  .M.I'...  is  .SN|it.  of  Inspec- 
tion for  the  Ch.irles  HrnninL'  Co..  Inc.. 
li:i|.  \V.  Ilnhliard  St..  Chicapi.  His  resi 
(icnec  is  at  lH.ill  W.  (^iinc\  Street,  Clii 
catro.  .V  liahy  daufrhter.  S.indr.i  .lo.in. 
was  horn  Aupust  7,  lillo. 

IIkini;,  Hkrtka.m  F.,  K.F...  is  .\n\iliary 
Ojjcrator,  Conunonwcalth  F.dison  Co., 
Northwest  Station,  Koscoe  &  Californi.-i 
Aves.,  ChicafTo.  He  resides  ;it  H:i7  School 
Street,  ChicafTo,  with  his  wife  and  danfrh 
ter. 

.I.iXAS.  l,Ko  .]..  .\1.K..  is  I'l.inl  Indnslrial 
F.ntrinecr,  lllin.iis  Tool  Works,  lllul  S. 
(Irace  St.,  Klgin.  Illinois.  He  may  he 
reached  at  1210  W.  F>ie  St.,  Chicago. 


Insurance 


TELEPHONE    CENTRAL    7411 

INSURANCE 
EVERETT  R.  COLE 

I    NORTH   LA  SALLE  STREET 
CHICAGO 


FRED    S.    JAMES    i    CO. 

l.>iobliih,,l  1,S7-,' 


John  S.  Delman  '32 

LIFE    INSURANCE 
and    ANNUITIES 

THE  GREAT- WEST  LIFE 
ASSURANCE  CO. 

135   So.  LaSalle  Rand.   55G0 


PAUL  A.  HAZARD,  Jr. 

Chcirtcrcd  Li/e  rmic.ur.tc. 

INSURANCE 

KRANKLIN  0680 


Kacki  .  I.oiis  F'kkdkrick,  Ch.E.,  is  now 
.\v^t.  I'lant  -Manager,  Jos.  E.  Seagram  *c 
.Sons.    Inc.,    I.oiiisville,    Ky. 

KiciiAVKN,  .losKFii,  .Vrcli.,  is  .Junior 
Architectural  Fngincer.  War  Dept.,  Office- 
of  Chief  of  F'.iigincers,  WashiiiL'^ton.  I).  (... 
.Old  lives  at  i;«7  IVrrv  PL,  N.  W..  Wash 
ington,  I).  C. 

KiiAiT,  I.ot'is  (JKO.,  F;.E.,  is  employed  as 
Coil  Kxl)crt  by  the  Carron  Mfg.  Co.,  KI7 
S.  Aherdecn  .Street,  Chicago.  .\t  present 
he  lives  at  15(i21  S.  Marshfield  Ave.. 
Harvey,   Illinois. 

KriiKKT.  .losKi'H  M..  l''..l'...  is  I  onsnlling 
Kiiirincer  with  I$oo/„  Frv,  Allen  &  Ilamil- 
loii,  l:!.-.  S.  I.aSallc  St.",  Chicago.  He  is 
eiig.iged  on  an  organization  and  personnel 
prohlem  in  connection  with  a  new  ammu- 
nition jilaiit  heing  erected  in  St.  I.onis. 
He  recentlv  changed  his  address  to  tsi.'7 
\.   Fairfield   Ave.,  Chicago. 

I.KVV.  Robert  M.,  Ch.K..  is  eiiiiilowd  liy 
Ecusta  I'ajjer  Corp.,  I'isgah  Forest.  Xortli 
Carolina,  and  may  he  reached  at  I'.  O. 
Hox   ](i2.   Hrevard,"  N.  C. 

I  owRv,  Robert  K.,  M.F^,..  is  I'l.int  Fngi- 
ncer for  the  U.  S.  (iypsum  Co.,  Falls 
\'illage.  Connecticut.  He  may  lie  re.iched 
at    Hox  H5,  Canaan,  Connecticut. 

MiCaktv,  Carholi.  ,T.,  C.E.,  is  a  He- 
si.irch  Fellow,  Bureau  for  Street  Traffic 
Hesearch,  Yale  University,  New  Haven, 
Connecticut,  where  he  will  he  until  .liine 
1.  H»tl.  His  home  address  is  .^)7I0  W. 
Ohio  .Street,  Chicago. 

I'oei'ER,  Fh.\ncis  Xavier,  C.E.,  is  an  Aid 
in   the   United   States   Coast  and  Geodetic 


Investments 


PAUL  L  MULLANEY  (1924) 
INVESTMENTS 

THE    FIELD   BUILDING 

135  South  La  Salle  Street 

Chicago 

Telephone  Franklin   1166 


Je 

welers 

(vIEDALS 

nd 

TROPHIES 

Furnished    lllin 

jis   Tech 

Relays    by 

DIEGES 

and 

CLUST 

185  N.  Wabash  Ave 

.,  Chicago 

Cen 

ral   3115 

CLASS   JEWELRY 

FRATERNITY    PINS 

SPIES 

BROS 

INC. 

Mfiniija 

itniiiiji 

h'lct'lrrs 

Loop   OfRce:  27  E. 

Monroe 

Tel. 

RANdolph  4149                        1 

Facto 

y:    1140    C 

ornelia 

Tel. 

LAKevlew 

7510 

CHICAGO 


COLLEGE  of 


KENT LAW 

Foundrd    ISS7 

In.lt-pcndent     Kn.lowe.l     Non-.Sectarian 

Afternoon    and    Evenino    Clauet. 

Tfl.    Dei.    8865.     College   BIdg.,    10    N.    Franklin   St. 


Survey,  U.  S.  S.  Guide.  I'.  ( ).  I1II7,  Oak- 
land, California. 

.Skach.  Frank  .1.,  .M.F..,  is  Weight  Con- 
lidl  Engineer  for  the  Beech  .\ircruft  Cor- 
jioration,  Wichita,  Kansas.  ULs  liome 
.iddress  is  131  S.  Bleckley  Drive,  Wichita, 
Kansas.  He  was  married  on  .\ugust  2^, 
liim,  to  Miss  .\nita  1..  Buser  of  Wichita, 
Kansas. 

WiSTEKMAN,        FrA.NCIS       (.'•..        F.l'.F... 

eiiiployed  hy  Lansing  B.  Warner.  Inc., 
.Merchandise  Mart.  Chicago.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  Octoher.  lilUi,  and  is  residing  at 
IJIK    W.   H7th   St..   Chicago. 

Wii.iMi.M,  W.  B.,  Ch.F..,  is  .hiiiior  In- 
spe<'tor  of  F^iiginci'ring  Materials,  Navy 
Dept..  KillO  .\rch  St.,  I'hiladelphia,  I'emi"- 
sylvania.  He  is  at  present  working  at 
Triumph  F'.xplosives,  Inc..  Elkton.  Marv- 
land.      His    home    is    In    Monkton.    Md. 

1938 

ClIILOKlN.  WlI.IIA.M  .Iiun,  .M.F,.,  is  (ien- 
cral  Foreman  for  the  Remington  Anns 
Co..  Inc.,  in  Bridgeport,  Connecticut. 
Residence  is  at  2SK(i  Nichols  Ave.,  Nichols, 
Connecticut. 

I.IBER,  MoHTOX  EiGENE,  Cli.F;.,  Is  Engi- 
neer for  the  Indiana  Inspectimi  Bureau, 
Citizens  Trust  Bldg..  Fort  Wavne.  Indi- 
ana. He  resides  at  the  f .  .M.  C'.  .\..  Fort 
Wayne. 

MoNsoK.  Ronald,  C.E.,  can  be  reached 
at  115  :34th  Street,  Newport  News,  Vir 
ginia. 

MooRE.  Robert  F'.ari.,  FJ.E.,  is  Owner  of 
a  wholesale  ]ia])er  husiness  located  at 
4UJ  S.  .lustim-  Street,  Chicago.  He  has 
hiiilt  his  own  honu-  at  9H0(i  S.  Lawndale 
.\ve.  Evergreen  I'ark,  Illinois. 

I'ai.ka,  Georoe  a.,  K.K.,  who  is  em- 
ployed with  the  Standard  Transformer 
(ci.,  Warren,  Ohio,  resides  at  951)  Dana 
St.,  Warren,  Ohio.  He  was  married  in 
Novemher.  194.0,  to  Miss  Winifnd  Ed- 
irlston  of  .Maywood,  Illinois. 

RouKix.  D-vviu  B.,  M.E.,  is  now  work- 
ing in  the  Production  Dept.,  Seattle- 
I'acom.i  Shi[)huilding  Corporation,  Ta- 
conia,  Wasliington.  He  may  he  reached 
at    P.    O.    Box    822,    Tacoma,'  Washington. 

TiioDos.  George,  Ch.F,..  of  5;32:i  Congress 
.Street.  Chicago,  was  granted  the  .Mc.Mul- 
len  Gr.uhiate  Scholarshi]!  in  Cheniical 
Fngineerini:  for  the  aca<lemic  \e.ir  1!U1- 
1012   ,il    Cornell    University. 

1939 

A.NDi.RsoN.  Boi  lo.s  (..,  I  I'.F..  is  in 
Ir.iiniiig  .at  Canip  .Slielln.  Halt  ieshnrg. 
Mississippi. 

Bai.v,  Lewis  .\..  ,1  r.,  Ch.E.,  who  is  an 
ingineer  in  the  Development  Dcjit..  Wood 
Conversion  Co..  was  m.irrie<l  in  .lulv,  19MI. 
His  residence  is  .it  109  Aveniu-  "D." 
Clocpiet.   .Minnesota. 

CoVEE.  Robert  H.,  M.E.,  is  Inspector 
for  the  Navy  in  a  Curtiss  Wright  Plant, 
and  may  he  reached  c/o  ,Toe  '/,eir,  Rol>- 
erlson,    Missouri. 

Demi'sev.  .\rtihr  .1.,  M.F"..,  is  employed 
,is  Test  F'.ngineer,  Research  Dept..  Con- 
tinental .\viatiim  &  l-'nginecring  Corp., 
12.SII1  F,.  .lefterson  St.,  Detroit.  Michigan. 
His    home    is    at    111(>    Iroquois,    Detroit. 

FvANOEE.  .Stei'Hes,  ,1r.,  Ch.F"...  is  eni- 
liloNcd  as  Cheniical  iMigineer  for  the 
Bni-gess  Battery  Co.,  rM>  W.  Hurcm  St., 
Chicago.  He  was  recently  married  to 
Miss  .\nne  Vocelka  of  Be'rwyn,  Illinois, 
ind  thev  are  living  at  ll.i.i"  S.  Mason 
\venne,"Chicago. 

Fooii.iK,  Trvino.  M.IC,  is  employed  as 
.liinior  F'.ngineer  in  the  War  Dept.,  .Vir 
Corps  Material  Division.  Wright  Field, 
Davlon.  Ohio.  He  lives  al  I:t2l  Superior 
\vnine.  Davton.  Ohio. 


48 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


Motor  Trucking 


THE  STAR  OIL  COMPANY 

ESTABLISHED     1890 

LUBRICATING    OILS    AND    GREASES 

Terephone   Seeley   4400 

GEO.   HAMILTON 
348  North  Bell  Avenue,  Chicago 


Management    Engineers 


GRIFFENHAGEN  & 
ASSOCIATES 

Established   1911 

MANAGEMENT  ENGINEERS 

AND  ACCOUNTANTS 


CONSULTANTS    ON    PROBLEMS    OF 

ORGANIZATION,     ADMINISTRATION, 

OPERATING    PROCEDURE,    FINANCE, 

ACCOUNTING,  AND  PERSONNEL 


Head   Office:   LaSalle-Wacker  Building 
Chicago 


F.  M.  deBEERS  &  ASSOCIATES 

CHEMICAL    ENGINEERS 

20    Nc'^h    Wader   Dri.s  Rasd.   2326 

Representing — well   known,  successful,  fully 
qualified      builders     of     modern,     efficient 

Process  Machinery  and  Equipment 

Evaporators,  all  types,  any  service  or  capacity. 
Filters — pressure  or  rotary  drum  vacuum 
units.  Spiral  Heat  Exchangers  —  counter 
flow. 

Multi-stage  Vacuum  Equipment — for  vacuum 
cooling,  refrigeration,  deaeration,  distilla- 
tion, deodorization. 

Steam  Jet  Vacuum  Pumps — condensers,  all 
types.  Atmospheric  Drum  Dryers — single 
and  double  roll. 

Centrifugals — solid  and  perforate  baskets — all 
metals.      Centroid  speed  control. 

Chemical  Stonewar^full  line  including  suc- 
tion filters,  pebble  mills,  rolls,  raschig  rings, 
towers,  tower  packing.  Acid  proof  sinks, 
pipe,  tanks,  brick,  tile,  cement,  tank  linings. 


Young  Radiator  Co. 

J  nit     Heaters    —    Unit    Coolers    —    Copper 

:onvPctors  —  Cooling   Coils  —  Blast  Heaters 

—  Air  Conditioners 


REPRESENTED  BY  2015    So.    Michigan 

MALVIN  &  MAY.  Inc.  . 

Ave. 

Chicago,  Illinois 

Ray    C.    Malvin  Victory    1617 

Motor    Trucking 


HUBER  &  HUBER 
MOTOR  EXPRESS,  INC. 

"COVERING   THE    SOUTH" 

33rd  &  Wabash  Cal.  2500 


Loop  Office 

520     Plymouth     Ct 

Webster  458t 

LEKHOLM  EXPRESS  &  VAN 

HOUSEHOLD  &  OFFICE  REMOVALS 
PACKING   ■   STORAGE 
AUTO  VAN   SERVICE 

/„„,.       /);./„,.,,.                             Warehouse 
'•""-       '-">'""«''                     3023    Indiana    Avenue 
Wol  (TV                                     Calumet  6377 

Office    Furnifur 


Office  Furniture  House,  Inc. 

167-69  WEST  LAKE  STREET 
CH I CAGO 

Paints 


JOS.  GUGGENHEIM 

WALL    PAPER,    PAINTS,    OILS, 
VARNISHES 

V/INDOW  GLASS  and  BRUSHES 


291  1-13  Wenfwor+h  Avenue 

CHICAGO 

TELEPHONES  VICTORY   V.t?! 


Photographers 


Dramatized  Photography 

FOR  ADVERTISING 
AND     I  N  DUSTRY 

KAUFMANN&  FABRY  CO. 

COMMERCIAL  ILLDSTRATIVE  PHOTOGRAPHERS 

425  South  Wabash  Avenue  •  Chicago 

MOST  THOROUGHLY  EQUIPPED 
PHOTOGRAPHIC  PLANT  IN  AMERICA 


HARRISON  3135 


DEAL      WITH 

OUR 
ADVERTISERS 


GOOD  PORTRAIT 
PHOTOGRAPHY 

In  Our  Studio  or  Your  Home 

Specialists  in   Pictures  for 

Reproduction 

OLD  PICTURES  COPIED 

Est.  40  Years  14th  Floor 

27   E.   Monroe  DEArborn   29?4 


CHICAGO 
JROE  ST. 

Official  PkctographeT 

for   the 

ARMOUR   ENGINEER  &    ALUMNUS 


Planographing 


lari^ 


lANOGRAPH: 


An  economical  reproduction  process 
for  Office  Forms,  Charts,  Diagrams, 
Grafs,  Specifications,  Testimonials, 
House-Organ  Magazines,  Bulletins, 
Maps  and  many  other  items. 

No  Run  Too  Long.   No  Run  Too  Short 

Estimates  will  not  obligate  you 
in  any  woy.  WRITE  OR  CALL. 

.    CHICAGO  PLANOGRAPH  CORP. 

^P  517  S.  JEFFERSON   STREET,  CHICAGO 


HARrison8835 


Plastering 


Phone   Prospect  9110 

JOSEPH  SMEJKAL 

PLASTERING  CONTRACTOR 

Estimates  Cheerfully  Gi:-m 

PLASTER  PATCHING 
5211    So.   Trumbull   Ave.,    Chicago 


Plumbing 


Siwelallzing  p,^, 

FERGUSON  PLUMBING 
PLUMBING 

GASFITTINS  AND  SEWERAGE 

1314  W.   63rd   Street 
RAY   A.    FERGUSON  Chicago 


JAMES  B.  FLYNN 

I'lumbitiji  ami  Ih'atinp 

IQbO  CLYDE  AVE. 

HYDE    PARK    0988 

REPAIRS   PROMPTLY   DONE 


May,   1941 


49 


.1.111  AXMsiix.  Kk.nm  Khu.  M.K.,  is  Sales 
Kiif.'iii.>T  f.ir  H.  B,  .loliiisoii,  .-)\9  \V. 
Wasliiiifituii  Hlvd.,  Chicago,  and  livis  at 
li'Uil   N.  Talinaii  Ave,  Cliicago. 

Kh»i.i  .  Stki'hkn  E.,  M.K.,  is  iluiii}.' 
ilosigii  work  for  the  tloodvrar  Aircraft 
Co.,  Akron,  Ohio.  He  resides  at  7:i 
Ithodes    .\ve.,   Akron. 

I.o/.ixs.  Nkai.  {jii..MoH(:.  M.K...  was  mar- 
ried on  .\pril  i.  1!IH.  to  Miss  lUrnadine 
Alberta  Davis.  He  is  residing  at  ',' Ui 
adorado  A\eiine.  N.  W..  W.isliinptoii. 
I).  C. 

NiiiiAiiK,  l"Kn>  Wii  114.11.  (.'.}■',..  is 
'ropograpliic  Surveyor,  l'.  S.  .\rniy.  C'oni- 
|iany  "D."  :ioth  Engineers.  Kort  lielvoir. 
Virginia.  He  may  lie  reached  at  1  Mo 
Kasch.T   .\ve..  ndcago. 


.SwA.ssoN,  Kdwahii  1{..  K.P.E.,  is  now 
a  Naval  .\ir  Cori)s  Cadet  at  the  Navv  Air 
Station.  Pensacola,  Elorida.  Eor  "mail: 
Ttll     Khiides    Avenue,    Chicago. 

\'a.v  .\i.siu:ki;.  Eahi.  K.,  .M.K.,  is  eni- 
ployed  hy  the  Consolidated  .Vircraft  Cor- 
porution  in  San  Diego.  C.ilifornia.  He 
may  he  reached  at  Ho"  Twenty-ciglitli 
.St..  Sun  Diego. 

WiUJAMS,  RoBKRT  M..  Sc.  is  residing 
at   iK5()  Prairie  Avenue,  Chicago. 

1940 

liii  .Ml  .  I  iKov  ().,  .M.K.,  is  now  ill  till- 
army  and  is  stationed  at  Kort  Sill.  Okl.i- 
homa. 

Ca.mkas,  .Makvin,  E.E.,  who  i.s  Electrical 
Engineer  for  the  Armour  Rosearcli  Koun- 
dation.  .'i5  W.  :Wrd  Street,  is  now  living 
at    IHH  S.   Karlov   Ave.,  Chicago. 

CiiARi.TON.  J.  DoxAi.i),  Ch.E..  mav  lie 
reached  at  Box  l.W.  Cary  Hall.  W.'  I  a- 
fayette.  Indiana.  He  has  lieen  ap)iointed 
counselor  of  a  men's  dormitory  on  the 
I'nrdue  Oampiis. 

Coi.u)PY.  HoHKHT  .1..  Ch.E..  is  enii)loyed 
as  Chemist  for  Ix-ver  Hrolhers  Co..  Ham- 
mond. Indiana,  and  lives  at  JIJ  N'.  Ken- 
neth .\ve..  Chicago. 

Er.osBs,  .loHX  G.,  K.l'.E..  who  is  In- 
spector Kentucky  Actuarial  Burcnu.  940 
.Starks  Bldg..  Louisville,  Ky..  has  recently 


moved    to    .\pt.    l.-J.    tireen    Tree    Manor. 
1  ouisville.   Ky. 

Kbost.  (li:oRoi:  K...  E.K..  is  now  Test 
Engineer  for  the  (ieneral  Electric  Com- 
pany,  in   Schenectady.    New   Y<irk. 

Ha.nsin.    .Xhiimk    Ci..    M.E..    writes    the 
following  interesting  letter  to   the   .\lumni 
Editor    from    Camp     Wallace.     Hitchcock. 
Texas,  under  ilale  of   .M.ircli  Si.   I!IH: 
Greetings: 

Well,  here  I  .iiii.  .i  Ion-  w.iv  from  -ood 
old  .\rinour  (or  Illinois  Tech..  if  vou  want 
to  he  foriii.il).  and  like  a  lot  of  'others  of 
my    d.issiii.ites   of    litKI,   far    from   home. 

Cntil  e.irlv  in  .March.  1  was  employed 
liy  the  Chicago  Board  of  I'nderw  riters. 
being  a  fire  insurance  rater  and  inspector 
of  the  l.iKip  territory  in  Chicago.  Tlien 
came  the  draft,  and  as  I  was  one  of  the 
lucky  boys  with  low  local  Ixiard  numbers 
(:j.>(;")   I  was  taken  in  by  Selective  Service. 

Boy.  talk  about  the  "rosy  pictures  they 
print  of  the  Army.  Well,  when  we  get 
lip  (.">:;i(l  .\.  M.)  the  sky  isn't  even  rosy. 
.Morning  chow  at  li:(i()  A.  M..  morning 
drills,  lessons,  and  work  until  11::^".  Noon 
chow  is  served  at  12:00;  the  afternoon 
program  (similar  to  mornings)  runs  from 
1:00  to  I::i0.  Evening  chow  is  ;it  .">:00. 
Kroni  then  on  we  are  free  to  do  with  ;is 
we  )ilease  until  0:00  P.  M..  when  lights  go 
out  in  the  barracks.  Taps  (evervone  in 
bed)  are  .sounded  at  11:00.  In  two  weeks 
in  the  .\rmv  I  haven't  staved  uji  past  !l::io 
P.  M.  yet."  C^ad.  what  a"  change!  Since 
we  are  all  under  quarantine  at  ]iresent. 
we  have  even  forirotteii  what  women  look 
like. 

Our  training  unit  is  a  coast  artillery 
(anti-aircraft)  battalion,  as  are  the  other 
liattalions   in   this   cam]). 

.\nv   members  of  the  class  of  'W    (espe- 
cially' the    Mechs)    and   fellows    from   other 
classes    can    reach    me    by    letter    up    until 
till-  miildle  of  .June  by   the  address  lielow. 
Sincerelv, 

Pvt.   Arthur  C.   Hansen, 
Btry    A.   L'S   C.   A.   Tng.    Bn.. 
Cflni])  Wallace.  Te.xas. 

P.  S.  After  Mav  1st,  194.1.  mv  home 
address  will  lie  .i-_>.54"  Grove  St..  Sko'kie.  III. 

Km  VI, K  11.  W..  V,.V..,  is  Testing  Engi- 
neer for  llie  Kellogg  Switchboard  &  Sup- 
])lv  Co.,  (iiiOO  S.  Cicero  Ave.,  and  i.s  living 
at'li">-'7  S.  Marshfield  Avenue.  Chicago. 

Masiuxtkr,  Wit.  H..  M.E.,  who  is  lie- 
search  Engineer.  St:ind.ird  Oil  Co..  Whit- 
ing. Indiana,  lias  moved  to  T.-itl  Cornell 
.\ve..    Chicago. 

.Maxwki.1..  Robkht  B..  Jr..  K.P.E..  is 
Inspector  for  the  Missouri  Inspection 
Bureau.  1201  Glovd  BuildiuL'.  Kans.is 
Citv,  Missouri,  and  lives  at  |0I  E.  Armour 
Blvd..  Kansas  City. 

Naiilh.  Ekank  .Vi.iuRT.  .Ik..  E.K',..  is 
emiiloyed  hy  the  U.  C.  .\.  Manufacturing 
Co..  .501  N.  LaSalle  .Street.  Indianapolis. 
Indiana.  He  is  living  at  ry'19  E.  St. 
.lose]ili    Street.    Indi.iiiapolis,    Indiana. 

.Sti:rxh:i.i).  Biknahii.  .M.F...  has  reccntlv 
moved  to  lll:i  P.irk  Avenue.  East  Orange. 
New   .lersey. 

1941 

.\lII.STHOMKR.  Macnis  .Ioiix.  ,Ib..  M.K... 
Chicago  Screw  Co..  102li  S.  Human  St.. 
Chicago.     Home:  l<i2.T  Grace  St..  Chicago. 

.\niii:b.sox,  Givkbkx  .Montgomkbv.  M.K. 
Crowe  Name  Phite  and  Mfg.  Co..  liTOI  N. 
Havenswood.  Chicago.  Home:  I:i22  Day- 
ton  .St..  C'liicairo. 

.\xTiioNV.  Wii.i.iAM  Rov.  .Ir..  M.I'..  The 
Hallicrafters  Inc..  2(in  S.  Indiana  Ave. 
Chicago.  Home:  2.-32.'}  Melrose  .St.,  Chi- 
c;lgo. 

Ai'PKi.r.  l.KoxABn.  M.E.  Western  Elec- 
tric Co.,  Cicero,  Illinois.  Home:  4.548  S. 
Rockwell,  Chicago. 


BnK.MA.NN.  Pui  C..,  .M.E.  Republic 
Steel  Corp.,  IINIO  S.  Burly  St.,  Chicago. 
Home:      7li*l    \ernon    \\e.,  Chicago. 

Bi.AiiiA.  .\m>rkw  Stanley,  M.E.  Danly 
.Machine  Specialties  Inc..  2104  S.  52nd  St., 
Cicero,  Illinois.  Home:  4725  Florence 
St.,  Downers  Cirove,  Illinois. 

BrBKi.Axn.  Rov  H.vRoiji,  M.E.  .\pple- 
ton  Electric.  1713  W.  Wellington,  Chi- 
iiigo.     Home:  ;i219   N.   Racine,  Chicago. 

ClllBISSKl.        GlIJlKBT        S;:VF.EYX,        .M.E. 

Danly  .Machine  Sl)ecialties  Inc.,  2104  S. 
•■)2nd  St..  Cicero.  Illinois.  Home:  2><H 
.Spaulding  ,\ve..  Chicago. 

CoLANTOXJO.  .Abnoij)  M  ..  .M.E.  HoWl 
Ice  Machine  Co..  2K2.J  W.  .Montrose  Ave. 
Chicago.  Home:  .5002  .\rmitage  .\ve. 
Chicago. 

Connors.  Edwabo  C..  M.l'"..  Home: 
IN.'iO  (^iiincy.  Chicago. 

Eno-B.  .losF.i'ii  .Iaik.  .M.E.  I'niversal 
Clani|)  Co..  972  W.  Montana  St.,  Chicago 
Home:     154.5  S.  Tripp  .\ve.,  Chicago. 

GAUKBi.ixn.  Habbv  a..  .M.E.  Foote 
Bros.  Gear  and  .Machine  Corji.,  -5301  S 
Western  Ave..  Chicago.  Home:  4911  N 
Hoy  lie.   Chicago. 

(iABVKY.  Hexry  M..  M.E.  The  Pvle  Na- 
tional Co..  l:«4  N.  Kostner  St.,  Chicago 
Home:     :«2S  W.  (i.5lli   PI..  Chicago. 

Cri  sTAvsox.  Haboiu  P..  M.E.  Home: 
VXi-i  Chestnut  St.,  Western  Springs,  Illi- 
nois. 

Hawkixs.  Milton  G.,  M.E.  Danlv 
Machine  Specialties,  Inc.,  2104  S.  52nd  St.. 
t  icero.  Illinois.  Home:  205  S.  Washing- 
ton. Westmont.  Illinois. 

HiiuKNKEicii.  Eraxk  .Tohx.  Jb..  M.E 
.Mills  Novelty  Co..  4110  W.  Fullerton,  Chi- 
cago. Home:  (i  W.  Burlington  -St..  Box 
17.   Clarendon    Hills.    Illinois. 

Hkiiixo.  Harolii  EiiWARD,  M.E.  MieliU 
Printing  Press  &  Mfg.  Co.,  W.  I4th  St 
&  .S.  Damen  Ave..  Chicago.  Home:  271.'; 
W.   2.ird    PI..   Chicago. 

Hill.  Cii.vrles  KBrnERiCK,  M.E.  Good- 
man Mfg.  Co..  4.s:U  S.  Halsted  St..  Chi- 
cago.     Home:    liKiKi   .\venue   F.,   Chicago 

Hill.  Johx  G.,  .Ik..  M.E.  Shure  Broth 
ers.  22.5  W.  Huron  .St.,  Chicago.  Home 
(i9'25  Ottawa  ,\ve.,  Chicago. 

HoLix>wicii.  Garrison  G.,  M.E.  Illinois 
Tool  Works.  '2.501  N.  Keeler  Ave.,  Chicairo 
Home:  .■!220  W.  I.eland   \\e.,  Chicago. 

HnTiiiNi.s,  Wahken.  M.E.  Eixite  Bros 
Gear  and  Machine  Cor)!..  .5301  S.  Westen' 
Ave..  Chicago.  Home:  W:^15  Van  Burer 
St..  Chicago. 

.loii.NsoN.  BiKiiEB  K...  M.E.  Delta-Stai 
Electric  Co..  24:37  W.  Fulton  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago. Home:  1107  N.  Leamington.  Chi- 
cago. 

.loHNSos.  Rob:.rt  Nevin.  M.E.  L'nioii 
Special  Machine  Co..  400  N.  Franklin  St. 
Chicago.  Home:  1024  Country  Club  Rd. 
.loliet.   Illinois. 

.FoiiNsox.  Wallace  A..  M.E.  Honi 
l.'<22  .liiiiewav  Terrace.  Chicago. 

.loxES.  Do'xALD  .1..  M.E.  Farrell  Mfg 
Co..  .loliet,  Illinois.  Home:  35(i  Wliittiet 
.\ve.,  .loliet,  Illinois. 

Kaimvik.  Bi:x.tamix  E..  M.E.  Al 
Still  Ki|uipmeiit  I'o..  Inc.,  .\urora,  Illi- 
nois. Home:  1021  S.  4th  St.,  Aurora. 
Illinois. 

Kaspir.  1  oi  is  Ray.  E.E.  Home:  20c 
E.  ,S2nd  St..  Cliicago. 

Ki.EixwACiiTER,  Kenneth  .Tames,  M.E 
Home:  7715  Crenshaw  Blvd.,  Los  .\n- 
geles.  California. 

Kosi,-;v.  Rav.moni>  W..  .M.E.  Western 
Electric  Co.,  S.  Cicero  &  W.  Cerinak  Rd. 
Cicero.  Illinois.  Home:  1.522  N.  May- 
Held.   Chicago. 

KBAiirLEC.  Frvo.  M.E.  Triinm  Radic 
-Mfg.  Co..  1770  W.  Berteau  Ave..  Chicago. 
Home:   2.507    liidgeland    .\ve..   Chicago. 

Kbantz.    IIih^iw    h'KVNK.    M.E.      Lyon 


50 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


Pnntinq 


Machine     Products 


ACME   CQiSy  CORP. 


53  WEST 

WABASH  6743 


JACKSON    BLVD. 
CHICAGO 


Printing 


ABERDEEN 

PRESS 

1414  S.  Aberdeen  St.      Canal   1870 


LETTERHEADS 

To  business  correspondents  who  do  not 
know  you  personally,  or  who  have  not 
seen  your  place  of  business,  your  letter- 
head reflects  the  personality  of  your  firm 

FRANK  W.  151C[CJ:C  &  Company 

432  South  Dearborn    •    Chicago 

aPelU-rheacl  c/ivllsh 


The 

Chief  Printing  Co. 

• 

Specializing  in  High-Class 
Printing 

• 
For  High  Schools  and  Colleges 

148  West  62d  Street 
Chicago,  Illinois 

Telephone,    Wentworth  6123 


FRED  KLEIN  CO. 

732-738  Van  Buren  St, 

Creators  and  Producers 

of  Better  Grade 

Printing 

Momoe  6363  Chicago 


ENVELOPES 

•  Standard  lines  in  stock 

•  Specials  made  to  order 
•Plain    or    printed 

MILLS  ENVELOPE  CO. 

538  South  Wells  Street,  Chicago 
Telephone  Harrison  7233 


Fred  W.  Krengel 

THE  MINERVA   PRESS 

PTinters 
6400  Minerva  Avenue,  Chicago 

Phone  Hyde  Park  8415 


EVERYTHING 


IN  RADIO 

*  15,000  Parts 

*  Test  Equipment 

*  Recording    Equipment 

*  Radio   Receivers 

*  Sound  Equipment 

ALUED  RADIO  CORP. 

833  W.    laclcson   Blvd..    Chicago.   111. 

WALLACE  DON 

HAMILTON  BROS. 
Real  Estate 

CHESTER  CHARLES 


Roofing 
ESTABLISHED    1908 


ROOFING  and  INSULATING 


Block^s 

RESTAURANT 

♦ 

FAMOUS  FOR 

STEAKS  AND  CHOPS 

HARRY    BLOCK 

♦ 

114-116   East  Cermak    Road 

Phones:      CALumet   7230 
CALumet   5442 

FREE    PARKING 


Solders   and    Babbitts 


fwner 


■^^ 


CHICAGO    .    ILLINOIS 

FOR  QUXLITY 
SOLDERS,   BABBITTS 


Clean    prec 

made  exact  to  speci- 

litations.    Capacity 


v  Products 


MANUFACTURING 


General  SngimcrM  Uhrks 

4707W.  Division  Sired  -  CfiKago 


Calumet  4901  Res.  So.  Shore   5129 

ESTABLISHED    1914 

THOS.  J.  MURPHY 

ASH  AND  RUBBISH  REMOVAL 
EXCAVATING  -  CINDERS 

DEPENDABLE    SERVICE 

2236-38  Calumet   Ave.  Chicago,    III. 


Tractor: 


"Caterpillar"   Diesel   Engines 

and 

Electric  Generator  Sets 

PATTEN    TRACTOR  &  EQUIPMENT    CO. 

Chicago 

1056    North    Kolmar    Avenue 
Phone:   Belmont    1240 


Tuxedo     Rental 


Phone  Euclid  2959 
FORMALS   REMED 

BECKER  TUXEDO  RENTAL  SERVICE 

LATEST  STYLE 

TUXEDOS,  FULL  DRESS  SUITS 

CUTAWAYS    AND    SUtvlMER    FORMALS 

ALSO  ACCESSORIES 

Student   Rales   25%    Discount 

Fittings  made  at  the  school  two  weelcs  prior 

to   affairs. 
1047  S.  Boulevard  Oak  Park 


ANALV/'Xy 
CON/ULTANT/ 
MWlfACTl'RfR/ 


Scale    and    Corrosion    Control 

and 

Proportioning 

in 

Aqueous    Systems 

D.  W.  Haering  &  Co.,  Inc. 

2308   S.  Winchester   Ave. 
Chicago.  111.  Haymarket  0246 


DEAL  WITH 

OUR 
ADVERTISERS 


May,   1941 


M<t..l    I'roiliicls.    Aurora.   Illinois.      Iloinr: 
Ml?    Aurora    Avi-iiuc,   Aurora. 

Khisk.  Hakoi.ii  N'oh.'M.vn.  M.I-'..  (Ircat 
I  ik.-s  Forgo  (Vi..  llf-'ii  \V.  imili  SI..  Clii 
c..).'o.      Home:       WKo-i    \.rn..n     \\f..    (hi 

>-.ijro. 

Kri'i:n.\.  .John  .1.,  J«..  .M.K.  I  jiion 
.S|.(cial  .Machine  Co.,  U)li  N.  Kraiiklin  St.. 
<liii'a(.'o.  Home:  27511  S.  Hoiiian  Ave.. 
Chicago. 

KruKKE.  FmiutHU  K  C..  .Ik..  M.K. 
.Vmcrican  Steel  Fouiiilrics.  Hii  N.  .Mirhi 
(ran  Ave.,  Chicago,  lloim-:  .'is:iN  N. 
Kostiier  Ave.,  Chicago. 

KuRi..\Ni),  .Iebo-me  .(.,  t'.K.  lloiiic:  Kiii.s 
Millard   Ave.,  Chicago. 

l..\Ri.NOKK,  MicinFi.  W..  M.K.  The  Bml.i 
Co..  1.5Uh  .St.,  Harvey.  Illinois.  Home: 
l.-j^titi   Walton   .\ve..   Harvey. 

L.woijj,  GERALn,  M.K.  Illinois  Tool  Co.. 
i)01  N'.  Kecler  Ave.,  Chicago.  Home: 
S.iOr,  W.  Diversey   Blvd.,  Chicago. 

I.KVKRKXZ,  Ehnkst  (■.,  .M.K.  .\ Muric.c o 
Steel  Foundries,  410  N.  Michigan  .\ve.. 
Chicago.  Home:  3U9  N.  Kilboiirn  Am-.. 
Chicago. 

.McKkox,  Thom.\s  v.,  .M.E.  C.intaincr 
Corporation  of  America,  1301  \V.  3.1tli  St.. 
Chioagi>.  Home:  7(iW  Drexel  .\vc..  (  lii 
c;igo. 

Maerti.n,  Harvky  a.,  .Ik..  .M.K.  .Mo- 
Jonnier  Brothers  Co.,  3601  W.  Ohio  St.. 
Chicago.  Home:  .5:^1  S.  Hoyiie  .\vi-.,  Chi- 
cago. 

Mazk,  Lovis,  E.E.  Home:  l(i.5il  \\;ish- 
liurne   Ave.,   Chicago. 

.Mevers,  Stanford  Waltkr,  Jr.,  M.K. 
Chicago  Screw  Co.,  I02()  S.  Honian  St.. 
Chicago.  Home:  2+4:i  I.eland  Ave.  Chi- 
cago. 

.Mo.NsoN.  Don  ALU.  Arch.  Home:  IHJii 
Kiniliark   .\ve.,  Chicago. 

Nki.s<j.n.  BF.Rn:i.  S.,  M.E.  Foote  Bros. 
(ic:ir  and  .Machine  Corp.,  .5301  S.  Western 
.\ve.,  Chicago.  Home:  14;W  N.  Kolin,  Clii- 
cago. 

N'lCiRKi.i.i,  Bi.\Gio  .!..  M.E.  Delta-.Star 
Electric  Co.,  24-37  W.  Fulton  .\ve..  Chi- 
cago. Home:  2H2I  S.  Wallace  St.,  Chi- 
cago. 

Oi.i.vGER,  DoNAi.n  liiciiARi),  M.K.  Chi- 
cago Screw  Co.,  102(i  S.  Homan  St..  Chi- 
cago. 

IhjiE.v,  Sn.\RT  T.,  .M.K.  Goodm.in  .Mfg. 
Co..  +8.34  S.  Halsted  -St.,  Chicago.  Hoinc: 
221    N".    Lockwood,   Chicago. 

Parker.  George  H.,  M.E.  Cont.iincr 
Cxjrporation  of  America,  13(11  W.  3.')th  St.. 
Chicago.  Home:  422H  Washington  Blvd.. 
Chicago. 

Farker,  Vernon  Hai.iki.v.  .M.K.  All 
Steel  Equipment  Co.,  32(i  S.  .I.fl'crsoM. 
Chicago.  Home:  802  Hinman  St.,  Anr.iia. 
Illinois. 

Pavel,  HaroiJ)  J.,  C.K.  Home:  -Mill  S. 
Homan   Ave.,   Chicago. 

Pi/)W.MAN,  .Iames  Wilson,  Fl'K.  llonic: 
»r,»  K.  Kith  St.,  Chicago. 

Kadvu.i.as.  Stanlev  (i..  M.K..  Goodm.in 
.Mfg.  Cak,  4«.34  S.  Halsted  St.,  Chicago. 
Home:  3149  S.  Normal   .\v,-.,  Chicago. 

HiESER,  DoiGi..\s  Alois.  C.K.  Honu-:  i!2.^ 
Fo.\    St.,    .\urora,    Illinois. 

HiriiE,  Kdwarii  W.,  .M.K.  .Vincricm 
.Manganese  Steel  Co..  38!»  Kast  Mth  St.. 
Chicago  Heights,  Illinois.  Home:  1227 
Sunnyside   .\ve.,   Chicago    Heights. 

.Scii.MAL,  Hai.I'H  .1.,  M.K.  .\meric.in 
Steel  Foundries,  4831  Hohinan  .St..  Ham- 
mond, Indiana.  Home:  2(1  Carroll  St.. 
Hammond. 

Schmidt,  Edm  ari>  W..  .M.K.  .\inerican 
Steel  I'oundries,  4831  H(ilini:in  St..  Ham 
mond,  Indiana.  Home:  ?12.!  Michigan  St.. 
Hammond. 

Scii.MiDT,  RoHEKT  1'..  M.K.  I  .\  on  .Milal 
Products.    Inc..    (io.-,     W  .     W  .ishiriulon    St.. 


Chicago.      I  Ionic:     I  I  !l    Warren      \ve..    Au- 
rora,  mill. .is. 

Smoiif  M  vs.  l.\»Ki  M  •  G.  M.I-..  (  rou, 
Name  Plate  and  Mfg.  Co..  :i7i)l  N.  Havens 
wood,  Chicago.  Home:  3812  N.  Oaklej 
Ave.,    Chicago. 

S.MiTii,  Leon  K.,  M.K.  Home:  3.-)(i3  W. 
."ith    .\ve.,  Chicago. 

.SwEiTZEH,  John  11.,  .M.K.  Container 
Corporation  of  .-Vmcrica,  ilOo  N.  .May  St.. 
(  lii(-:igo.  Home:  t)'2!>  \.  Stone,  I.a  (irange. 
Illinois. 

Wiin-iiN.iHAM,  Uvvm  .1..  .M.K.  Ainer 
ican  Steel  Foundries,  1111  N.  .\I  i(-liigaii 
,\ve..  Chicago.  Home:  .H.id  KenlinaiKl 
St..    Chicago. 

WiKKZBKKi.  KiiwAKi)  .1..  M.K.  American 
Steel  Foundries.  l.s:il  Hohman  St..  Ham 
mond.  Indian,!.  Iloinr:  -.117  S.  Sc-ehy 
.\ve.,   Chicago. 

Wilms,  Cakl  .\.,  .M.K.  W.  1).  .\IUii 
Mfg.  Co.,  .5li()  W.  Lake  St.,  Chicago.  I  Ionic: 
H.23  Kedvale  St..  Chicago. 

WiMiNi'M,  .Fames  X.,  .M.E.  Acme  Sled 
Co.,  i:«th  &  Clark  Sts..  Hiverdale,  Illi- 
nois.   Home:   1111.57  Lowe   ,\ve.,  Chicago. 

Woods,  Peter  H.,  M.E.  Link-Belt  Co.. 
307  N.  Michigan  .\ve.,  Chicago.  Home: 
MM  Woodrow   St.,   Lombard,   Illinois. 

/.ai.ewa,  Stanley  F..  .Ih.,  M.E.  Link- 
Belt  Co..  300  W.  Pershing  Blvd.,  Clii(-ago. 
Home:  4933  W.  pith  St..  Cicero,  Illinois. 

Zywot.  W.vlteh.  M.E.  .\merican  Steel 
Konndries.  4831  Hohman  St.,  Hammond. 
Indiana.  Home:  .586  Price  St.,  Calumet 
Cilv,  Illinois. 


PHOTOELASTIC  ANALYSIS 

(From   page    13} 

fiirtiitr  (liscussiuii  of  tliis  iinport.int 
niattir.  Tiu-  followiiii;-  rcfcreiicis  .-ire 
ottered: 

"Correlation  Between  Mctallog,- 
raphy  and  Meclianical  Testiiifj." 
H.  F.  Moore,  Reprint  No.  !).  I'lii 
versity  of  Illinois  Enjjjiiuerinii 
Experiment  Station. 
".Methods  of  Correlating  Data  from 
Fatigue  Tests  of  Stress  C'oneen- 
tration  Specimens.  '  R.  E.  Peter- 
son, Tinioshenko  (iOtli  Anniversary 
X'olume. 

Letter      hv      tiie      writer      to      M.\ 

CHINE   'iJESUiN,     Professional 

\'iewpoints  Section,  August,  1940. 

it    lias    been    the    intention    of    this 

p;iper   to  bring  to  the  design  engineer 

;in     ;ippreei:ition     for    the     comiiurci;il 

\aliie     of     the     ;ipplication     of     plioto- 

cl.istii-    Jinalysis.    iiiid    ;i    realization    of 

the   sini|)lieity   of   its  .-ipplieiitioii.     'I'lir 

writer   recoinnieiids   tli,-it  ,-i   careful   in 

vestigation  he  made  in  each  individual 

e.-ise  to  determine  the  value  of  e()iii|i 

ping  tile  engineering  de});irtiiniit   with 

|iliotoelastic  apparatus. 

Aeliiiowledgment  to  .MACHINE 
DESICiN  is  made  for  permission  to 
use  tlie  cuts  of  Figs.  .3  to  !•  iiiehisi\c 
and   Fig.   12. 


CHICAGO'S  BRIDGES 

(From  page  23) 
ill  t<rior;iled.  iieeissit;ite(l  extensive 
reinforcemints  :iiid  n  iiew;il  of  eoiii 
ponent  parts. 


-M;iiiy  ilitVcn  lit  types  of  iiridge 
Ho,n-s  li.m  h.eii  used  since  1 HJKI. 
Coiisiderabli-  study  has  been  given 
tills  sul)jeet.  For  observation  pur- 
poses and  to  clarify  differences  of 
oiiinion  as  to  tlie  efficiency  of  v;irioiis 
types  of  construction,  tyiiical  iiridge 
jiavements  were  installed  on  tlie  south 
roadway  of  Lalic  .Street  Iiridge  in 
1930,  estaiiiishing  a  sort  of  "roadway 
laboratory".  Of  aimut  fifteen  types 
of  construction  and  wearing  surf:ices. 
a  few  proved  unsatisfactory.  In  otiier 
samjiles,  weight,  cost,  wearing  (juali 
ties,  or  maintenance  costs  were  fac- 
tors ag.-iinst  tliem,  witli  tlie  result  tii;it 
today  only  six  different  ty]it-s  of 
bridge  [lavement  are  used,  tlie  sjie- 
eifie  type  depending  on  tiie  particiiiiir 
problem  at  hand. 

For  example,  in  lil3M  it  in  c;iiiie 
necessary  to  redeeii  the  upjier  li-\ei 
of  tile  Michigan  Avenue  bridge  to 
replace  a  worn  rubber-tile  pavement 
instalh-d  in  1927.  This  bridge  is  a 
two-level  structure  with  tile  lower 
level  accommodating  trucks,  wliile 
the  upper  level  serves  boulevard  and 
bus  tr;ittic.  This  construction  estab- 
lishes :i  distance  of  twenty-one  feet 
from  tile  trunnion  to  the  upper  road- 
w;iy  Ii-vei.  Material  change  in  weigiits 
of  tills  decking  would  necessitate  a 
large  amount  of  additional  counter- 
weigiit  to  prevent  tiie  bridge  from 
"falling  backwards"  when  the  bridge 
was  raised  and  to  otherwise  maintain 
tile  horizontal  and  vertical  moment 
lialancc.  Consequently  a  com|iar;i- 
tively  light  deck  of  timber  and  ,-is- 
piialt  jilanking  was  adhered  to  with 
aluminum  curbs  and  center  strip. 
Back  of  the  trunnions  a  combination 
wearing-surface  of  cast  iron  and  con- 
crete IV2"  thick  was  provided.  ni;iinlv 
for  ,-idded  stopping  and  traction  ;id- 
vantages  to  autos. 

In  tills  instance,  due  to  tile  lower- 
level  traffic,  the  uiijier  deck  had  to  lie 
waterproofed.  With  tin  wi;n-  of 
K),000  autos  and  busses  d/iily  on  this 
upper  level  some  idea  of  a  few-  of 
tlie  elements  entering  into  bridge 
Hoor  design  are  brouglit   to  light. 

In  the  maintenance  and  opcr;ition 
of  this  iiridge  system.  d;iin;iges  to 
xarious  |i;irts  of  the  striietiire  ;ind  its 
e(|uipnient  in;iy  result  from  collisions 
witii  vehicles.  Tlie  more  serious  of 
tiiese  is  from  collision  of  large  steam- 
iioats  witii  tile  movaiile  leaves  or  tiic 
foinid.itions  of  the  bridge.  In  tlie 
inst:incc  of  tiie  sandboat  collision  witii 
the  old  Clark  Street  swing  bridge,  this 
was  of  such  a  serious  nature  as  to 
require  removal  of  tlie  old  bridge,  hut 
ordin;irily  repairs  can  be  made.  These 
repairs  are  generally  made  under  diffi- 
cult conditions   in   tliat   it   is  essential 


52 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


to  keep  traffic  going;  over  the  struc- 
ture while  repairs  are  in  progress  and 
also  to  keep  the  bridge  in  operating 
condition  so  as  not  to  impede  vessel 
movements. 

With  apologies  for  this  personal 
reference,  the  writer  as  a  native  Chi- 
cagoan  recalls  the  bridges  of  the  early 
nineties  over  which  nearly  every  cross- 
ing was  a  precarious  one.  In  his  con- 
nection with  the  Bridge  Division  since 
lf»13  it  has  been  his  privilege  to  be 
closely  associated  with  the  engineers 
and  the  many  skilled  mechanics  who 
|)ut  forth  tremendous  mental  and 
physical  efforts,  and  in  many  cases 
gave  their  lives  in  the  endeavor,  which 
carried  the  development  of  these  struc- 
tures from  the  frail  structures  of 
the  early  nineties  to  those  of  the  pres- 
ent. Space  does  not  permit  naming 
the  many  city  officials,  civic  bodies 
and  others  who  cooperated  with  the 
engineer  in  the  solution  and  coordi- 
nation of  the  political  and  economic 
problems. 

In  closing  we  feel  that  some  parts 
of  this  story  might  well  be  omitted, 
rather  tlian  not  to  include  a  word  of 
tribute  to  two  men,  the  late  Alexander 
von  Babo.  Engineer  of  Bridge  De- 
sign, and  Thomas  G.  Pihlfeldt,  Engi- 
neer of  Bridges,  who  passed  on  re- 
cently after  more  than  fifty  years  in 
this  service  and  under  whose  direc- 
tion the  bridge  svstem  of  Chicago 
attained  its  position  as  one  of  the 
world's  great  achievements. 

This  article  is  submitted  with  the 
approval  of  Oscar  E.  Hewitt.  Com- 
missioner of  Public  Works :  W.  W. 
DeBerard,  City  Engineer;  and  .'^.  J. 
Michuda.   Engineer  of  Bridges. 


CO-OPS 

^rom    page    30) 


BEHIND  DEFENSE 

(From    page    26) 

duties  of  this  unique  institution,  to 
keep  the  whole  machine  operating 
smoothly  with  no  stops  or  breakdowns, 
requires  a  staff  of  no  less  than  sev- 
enty-seven persons,  including  trained 
librarians,  clerks,  stenographers,  typ- 
ists, printers,  book  binders,  engineers, 
j.mitors  and  pages. 

While  books  and  libraries  are  being 
urned  and  destroyed  in  Europe,  in 
America  we  still  have  the  freedom  to 
enjoy  unmolested  one  of  the  most 
democratic  of  institutions — the  free 
public  library.  Sensing  our  strength 
and  knowing  our  value,  we  feel  grate- 
ful for  the  privilege  of  serving  to 
build  a  constructive  defense  as  op- 
posed to  the  useless  vocal  vitupera- 
tions so  common  in  many  quarters 
today. 

May,   1941 


tries  are  interested  in  directing  their 
students  toward  this  field,  which  mav 
mean  the  directing  of  human  beings 
rather  than  the  engineering  of  mate- 
rials. 

The  success  indicated  above  is  not 
universal.  There  have  been  difficul- 
ties in  carrying  the  i)rogram  forward. 
One  company  spent  time  and  energy 
trying  to  hire  other  engineering  grad- 
ii.itcs.  altliiiugli  they  liad  four  co-oper- 
ative stiidriits  alidut  t(i  graduate  from 
tiieir  DWTi  i)lants.  Although  their 
attention  had  been  called  to  these 
men,  they  lost  them  to  other  compa- 
nies which  were  quick  to  take  the  men 
that  the  original  emplo^'cr  was  too 
busy  to  follow  up.  Another  company 
expected  the  co-operative  students  to 
work  five  years  at  the  starting  wage. 
.Still  another  would  grant  a  two-cent- 
an-hour  raise  if  the  students  kicked 
hard  enough.  One  works  manager,  al- 
though he  had  received  reports  of  the 
students'  grades  at  the  end  of  each 
college  term,  never  talked  to  students 
during  their  five  years  in  his  plant. 


.Some  student  problems  have  been 
interesting.  A  student  after  six 
months  experience  asked  for  a  trans- 
fer to  another  company  because  he 
had  learned  all  there  was  to  know 
witli  the  first  company.  Another  pair 
.■ift(  r  two  months  in  a  stock  room  in 
whicii  some  fifty  thousand  different 
parts  were  kept  wanted  to  be  trans- 
ferred to  a  place  where  they  could 
learii  something. 

Many  calls  have  come  to  the  .\r 
niour  College  of  Engineering  for  stu- 
dents to  work  in  industries  outside  the 
Chicago  area.  Many  of  the  compa- 
nies co-operating  select  from  the 
apprentices  in  their  own  plant  those 
who  were  high-ranking  students  in 
high  school  and  who  show  unusual 
ability.  Still  other  companies  ask  for 
Chicago  students  to  work  outside  of 
Chicago. 

All  candidates  are  given  a  batterv 
of  tests  before  being  accepted  by  the 
college  and  are  required  to  be  in  the 
u])jier    quarter    of    their    high    school 


TABLE 

II 

Time   Spiiii 

Time   Spent 

1)^1) 

Locutiiin 

in    Dcpt. 

In  School 

Waqes 

— 

School 

1    months 

Starting  wage   L5c 

38 

Tool  (irindiug 

1    in(nith 

IS 

Inspection 

1    nioiitli 

— 

School 

■J   months 

.•u 

Layout 

1    month 

;>() 

Welding 

1    month 

— 

.School 

1   months 

<) 

Gear  Cutting- 

2   months 

■2nd  year  30c 
.ird   year   ooc 
Hh    year    COc 

■■i'.t 

Stork   Room 

I    month 

w 

Tracing 

1    montli 

"J   montiis 

— 

School 

19 

.Shop  Engineering 

2   months 

•-'   months 

.-,th    v.ar    (;.-.c 

— 

School 

19 

.Shop  Engineering 

■J    months 

— 

School 

2    months 

■1   months 

M» 

.Shop  Engineering 

BETTER  MOUSETRAPS 

(From  page  32) 
room  was  called  into  play.      An  inner 
glass-walled  room  was  erected  and  fit- 
ted with  auxiliary  blowers  as  well  as 
liquid-air  evaporator.      Eull  dressed 


safety  of  each  article  of  ,ipi)arel  and 
the  funetioniiig  of  each  piece  of  equip- 
ment e.irried.  Had  anything  been  de- 
fective, the  ))araeiiutist  could  have 
stejjped  out  of  d.inger  at  once,  a  feat 
somewhat    more   difficult    when    one   is 


tor   a   jump,   the   parachutist   stepped  dropping  through  emi)ty  .dr  on  a  one- 

into  the  chamber  and  faced  a  wind  of  way  ticket. 

200  miles  per  hour  at  67°  below  zero,  EuAxris  AV.  Godwin. 

while   tests   were   made   to   assure   the  .Vrmour   Research   Foundation. 

53 


m 


^ 

>>i'-. 


QUICK  LOOK 


.  .  .  and  you  will  find,  if  you  are  a  discriminating 
engineer  or  industrialist,  that  your  plant,  equipment, 
product  and  employees  are  protected  by  ECONOMY 
RENEWABLE,  ECO,  ARKLESS,  CLEARSITE 
or  TAMRES  FUSES  -  a  refinement  in  safety  pro- 
duced by  over  a  Quarter  Century  of  Dependable  Service. 


Economy  Fuse  and  Manufacturing  Company 

General  Offices— Greenview  at  Diversey  Parkway 
CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS,  U.S.A. 


54 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


Illlllilllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllll^^ 
^  sensational  triu^p],  of  tyV^^''''"'  J^""§'^ 
*^^,  executive's  ideal  of  ecot^o^^  ^^^  6%;^^ 


a,  secretary's  Jream  cot^® 


true 


"> 


SUPERBLY  DESIGNED 
FROM  EVERY  ANGLE 
Yet  there's  more  to  the 
new  L  C  Smith  than 
its  modern  appearance. 
There  are  many  new  tap- 
ing aids. ..the  new  Auto- 
matic Margin  Set .  . .  not 
a  gadget,  but  a  simpler, 
easier  way  to  set  margins. 


FAST,  EFFICIENT  . .  . 
MORE  COMPLETE 
THAN  EVER!  Other  fea- 
tures of  the  1941  Super- 
Speed  model  are  the  new 
Type  Bar  Segment  Lock 
...new  Line  Space  Indi 
cator... new  Card  Holder 
4  .  .  new  Overhead  Bail 
. .  .  new  Touch  Selector 
and  improved  Tabulator 
Mechanism. 


Tomorrow's  typewriter — today!  A  step  beyond  all 
others  in  modern,  efficient  designing  ...  a  step  ahead 
in  mechanical  refinements  and  taping  aids. 

Yet,  basically  this  new  model  retains  all  the  sound, 
trustworthy  principles  which  have  made  the  Super- 
Speed  L  C  Smith  the  choice  of  exacting  operators  and 
successful  business  executives  everywhere 


THE  NEW  1941 


L  C  SMITH 

I  or  tlemomlrtition  citll  any  L  C  Smith  branch  or  dealer  Booklet  on  request. 

L  C  SMITH  &  CORONA  TYPEWRITERS  INC 
JUl  N.  Michigan  Avcmic  Randolph  0052 


lent  and  Standard 
Smith  Typewriters 


Corona  Portable 
Typewriters 


Corona  Adding 
Machine?! 


Vivid  Duplicators 
and  Supplies 


Type-Bar  Brand 
Ribbons  &  Carbon 


May,   1941 


55 


TO  ARMOUR  ALUMNI 

There  is  still  time  to  remind  you  of 

THE  ANNUAL  BANQUET 

6:00  P.  M,  Tuesday,  May  27,  1941 
KNICKERBOCKER  HOTEL 

163  East  Walton  Place,  Chicago 

GOOD  MUSIC  .  GOOD  FOOD  •  GOOD  SPEAKING 


It  will  cost  you  exactly  two  dollars,  and  will  be  worth 

the  money 


Send  your  reservation  to  The  Annual  Banquet  Committee, 

Alumni  Office,  3300  Federal  Street 

Eugene  Voita,  Arch.,  '25,  is  Banquet  Chairman 


WE'LL    BE    LOOKING    FOR    YOU! 


56  ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


THE     FiniSHinG     TOUCH 

Uniform  quality  has  an  attraction  that  is  rarely  underrated  by  steam 
coal  users.  One  experience  with  a  power  loss  on  swing  loads  -  ^  one 
session  with  a  varying  evaporation  cost  is  enough  to  establish  the 
dollar  and  cents  value  of  uniformity  in  coal. 

This  same  value  in  high  degree  is  "builf  into  S-P  coal.  Precision 
refining  equipment  both  reduces  and  fixes  its  ash  with  but  '2".-  plus  or 
minus  variation.  Automatic  sizing  methods  turn  out  an  identical 
consist  in  each  car.  And  a  laboratory  check  of  each  car  supplies 
sustained  control  of  the  process. 

Your  dividend  from  this  "finishing  touch"  may  easily  be  a  lowered 
cost  and  raised  boiler  capacity  ^-  as  it  has  for  hundreds  of  large  and 
small  pov.-er  and  healing  plr.nts. 

PEABODY 

COAL  COMPANY 

CHICAGO    •    NSW  YORK    •    ST.  LOUIS    •    OMAHA 
CINCINNATI      '     MINNEAPOLIS     •      SPRINCflELD 


May,   1941 


57 


L 


OOKING  TO  THE  FUTURE 


In  many  branches  of  industry  today,  the 
demands  of  the  national  defense  pro- 
gram are  taxing  production  facilities  to 
the  limit.  For  the  moment,  there  seems 
to  be  little  need  for  industry  to  press  its 
search  for  new  markets  for  its  products: 
its  problem  is  rather  to  find  ways  of 
satisfying  the  urgent  needs  of  Its  present 
customers.  Nor  does  the  necessity  for 
developing  new  products  or  improving 
existing  ones  seem  as  urgent  as  usual. 
In  fact,  In  many  branches  of  industry.  It 
may  be  desirable  to  "freeze"  existing 
designs  In  order  to  maintain  uninter- 
rupted production  and  utilize  capacity 
to  best  advantage. 

Yet  these  factors  do  not  decrease  the 
importance  of  prosecuting,  with  un- 
abated vigor,  a  consistent  program  of 
long-term  research  to  develop  new  prod- 
ucts and  uncover  new  markets:  they 
serve  rather  to  emphasize  the  vital  ne- 
cessity of  such  a  policy.  Far-sighted  In- 
dustrial executives  fully  recognize  that 
the  conditions  existing  today  are  neces- 
sarily temporary,  and  that  a  slackening 
of  the  demand  for  Industry's  products  In 
the  future  will  Initiate  an  era  of  excep- 
tionally keen  competition  to  maintain 
sales  volume  in  a  contracting  market.  A 
iong-range  program  of  research  and  de 
velopment  is  of  invaluable  assistance  in 
preparing  to  meet  the  conditions  that 
will  confront  Industry  in  the  future.  By 
paving  the  way  for  Increasing  sales  vol- 
ume by  entering  new  markets  or  Intro- 
ducing new  products,  it  will  serve  to 
counterbalance     Influences     that     might 


otherwise  adversely  affect  industrial 
progress  and  development. 

Though  industrial  executives  clearly 
recognize  the  wisdom  of  continuing  or 
expanding  their  research  programs,  they 
may  find  it  difficult,  under  current  con- 
ditions, to  carry  on  their  research  activi- 
ties without  Interruption.  In  many  In- 
dustries research  facilities,  like  produc- 
tion facilities,  are  being  taxed  to  their 
full  capacity  In  dealing  with  emergency 
problems.  The  expansion  of  research  fa- 
cilities to  assure  continuation  of  long- 
term  programs  Is  a  costly,  time-con- 
suming task — and  one  that  may  not  be 
justified  by  a  company's  normal  require- 
ments for  research    activity. 

Under  these  circumstances,  the  ad- 
vantages of  an  Isolated  laboratory,  such 
as  the  Armour  Research  Foundation, 
become  especially  noteworthy.  The 
Armour  Research  Foundation  offers  in- 
dustry an  effective  way  of  supplement- 
ing existing  research  facilities,  and  of 
carrying  on  long-term  projects  without 
Interruptions  caused  by  production 
emergencies.  Skilled  research  workers 
are  specifically  assigned  to  individual 
projects,  which  they  can  efficiently  carry 
on  to  completion.  By  utilizing  the  facili- 
ties of  the  Foundation,  a  manufacturer 
is  enabled  to  devote  more  of  the  time  of 
his  own  research  staff  to  the  specific  pro- 
duction problems  that  are  arising  today 
— and  still  continue  his  long-range  pro- 
gram, without  incurring  the  dispropor- 
tionate expense  that  would  be  Involved 
In  the  construction  of  additional  facili- 
ties In  his  own  plant. 

—from  THE  FRONTIER.  March,  1941 


Armour  Research  Foundation 

hounded  to  render  ii  rese(jr(  /i  and  expernnentti/  ser-vite  to   nidus!) y 

CHICAGO,   ILL. 


58 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


In  Metallurgy 


MECHANICAL    HOLDER 


^3  SAMPLE 
PREPARATION 
EQUIPMENT  IS 
WIDELY    USED 


To  meet  Increasing  requirements  use 
the  AB  MECHANICAL  HOLDER. 
Polish  one  to  six  specimens  simul- 
taneously. The  uniform  light  pressure 
eliminates  metal  flow.  This  truly 
dustproof  polishing  operation  saves 
time     for     the      busy      metallurgist. 

For  extreme  accuracy  in  flatness 
use  the  AB  LEAD  DISC  ASSEMBLY. 
Graphite  boundrles  are  kept  In  true 
dimensional  proportions  and  non- 
metallic  inclusions  are  preserved. 
These  accessories  are  available  for 
all    AB    POLISHING    MACHINES. 


FOR  FURTHER  DESCRIPTION  ASK  FOR  "THE  METAL  ANALYST" 


^' JlcUpk  J.  3uMa. 

OPTICAL  INSTRUMENTS  •  METALLURGICAL  APPARATUS 


228     NORTH    LA    SALLE     ST. 


CHICAGO      ILL. 


May,  1941 


59 


r 


"\ 


ILLinOIS 

mSTITUTE  OF  TECHnOLOGV 


A   CONSOirOATION   OF  ARMOUR   INSTITUTE   OF  TECHNOLOGY   AND  LEWIS  INSTITUTE 

DAY  AND  EVENING  CLASSES 

ARMOUR    COLLEGE    OF    ENGINEERING 


ji*" 


^C> 


The  Undergraduate  Curriculum  provides  for  a  four  year  program  of  day  study  leading 
to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science  in  chemical,  civil,  electrical,  mechanical  and  fire 
protection  engineering,  in  chemistry,  physics  and  mathematics,  and  in  architecture. 
The  Graduate  School,  recently  enlarged  as  to  scope  and  facilities,  provides  opportunity 
for  graduate  students  to  obtain  further  specialized  training  in  engineering  and  science 
and  to  pursue  work  for  the  Master's  and  Doctor's  degrees.  The  Cooperative  Program, 
as  a  supplement  to  the  regular  undergraduate  instruction  in  mechanical  engineering 
provides  an  opportunity  for  students  of  limited  financial  means  to  complete,  under  the 
five  year  Cooperative  course,  the  regular  four  year  mechanical  engineering  program. 
Evening  Sessions.  Many  of  the  subjects  taught  during  the  day  ore  offered  in  evening 
classes  It  is  also  possible  to  complete  by  evening  study  the  work  for  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Science  in  civil,  chemical,  electrical  and  mechanical  engineering.  Special 
courses  ore  offered  for  students  and  men  in  industry  not  interested  in  degrees;  and  it 
is  possible,  in  many  cases,  to  complete  graduate  work  for  the  Master's  degree  by 
evening  study 


LEWIS    INSTITUTE    OF  ARTS  AND   SCIENCES 


The  curriculum  proviaes  lor  siuay  leading  to  tne  Bachelor  ol  Science  degree  m  the 
arts  and  sciences  with  courses  in  biology,  business  administration,  chemistry,  education, 
English,  history,  home  economics,  mathematics,  physics,  political  science,  psychology 
and  sociology.  The  courses  in  Home  Economics  meet  the  needs  of  four  groups  of  stu- 
dents: Those  who  wish  to  study  the  arts  and  sciences  fundamental  to  the  management 
of  the  home;  those  who  wish  to  become  teachers;  those  who  wish  to  prepare  them- 
;5elves  for  vocations  other  than  teaching;  those  who  may  wish  to  include  in  general 
college  work  courses  having  to  do  with  the  home  and  its  relation  to  the  community. 
In  the  department  of  Business  and  Economics,  instruction  is  given  in  accounting,  audit- 
ing, money  and  banking,  production  management,  marketing,  advertising,  business 
law,  statistics,  and  taxation  Pre-Professional  Courses  receive  special  attention.  Courses 
m  Education  amply  meet  the  requirements  for  on  Illinois  high-school  teacher's  certifi- 
cate Evening  Sessions,  Evening  instruction  in  the  arts  and  sciences,  including  pre- 
professional  courses,  special  courses  for  teachers  and  courses  of  general  interest  are 
offered  on  the  Lewis  campus.  It  is  possible  to  complete,  by  evening  study,  work  for 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science  in  the  arts  and  sciences,  business  administration 
and  home  economics.  In  general,  a  varied  program  of  engineering  subjects  for  degree 
and  sequence  work  is  also  available  on  the  Lewis  campus. 


^ARMOUR     RESEARCH     FOUNDATION 

A  professional  service  to  industry  for  experiinentai  engineering,  research  and  develop- 
ment. 


von  HI  I.I.ETiyS  OF  THE  INSTITLTE.  ADURESSl 

General    Information 
KTening    Sessions 
(Ir.iduatp    Courses 


THE  REGISTRAR 

Illinois    Institute    of   Terhnolocv 
3302  Feder.il  Street 
Chic.ipo.    lllinoi- 


J 


60 


ARMOUR  ENGINEER  AND  ALUMNUS 


GET  A  FREE  COURSE  ON 
BEARINGS  FROM  BEARING 
SPECIALISTS  .   .  .  .   . 

When  the  Ink  has  dried  on  your  diploma  and 
you  have  settled  down  to  your  career  as  an 
engineer  you'll  be  glad  you  accepted  our  offer 
to  learn  the  fundannental  principles  and  appli- 
cation  of  TIMKEN   Tapered    Roller   Bearings. 

By  taking  up  the  subject  of  bearings  now  you'll 
save  yourself  a  lot  of  tinne  and  trouble  in  the 
future.  You'll  be  prepared  for  all  bearing  pro- 
blems that  ever  may  come  up.  You'll  be  worth 
more  to  your  employer  because  you'll  be  a 
better  engineer. 

TIMKEN  Bearings  are  known  and  preferred  the 
world  over  wherever  wheels  and  shafts  turn. 
They  are  used  in  all  kinds  of  machinery  through- 
out all  industry;  in  railroad  locomotives,  cars 
and  streamlined  trains.  They  eliminate  fric- 
tion, carry  radial,  thrust  and  combined  loads, 
promote  precision. 

The  Timken  Reference  Manual  is  a  complete 
course  in  the  fundamentals  of  Timken  Bearing 
design  and  application.  We  will  be  glad  to 
send  you  a  copy.  When  writing  mention  the 
name  of  your  school. 

THE  TIMKEN  ROLLER  BEARING 
COMPANY,      CANTON,      OHIO 

TIMKEN 

TAPER£D  ROLLER  BEARINGS 

Manufacturers  of  TIMKEN  Tapered   Roller   Bearings  for  aufomoblles,  motor 
trucks,    railroad    cars   and    locomotives    and    all    kinds   of   Industrial    machin- 
ery;   TIMKEN    Alloy   Steels    and    Carbon    and    Alloy   Seamless   Tubing;   and 
TIMKEN  Rock  Bits. 


ELLEN  DREW 

Chesterfield's  Girl  of  the  Month 

currently  starring  in  Poramount'i 
"Reoching  for  the  Sun." 


Chesti 


FIRST  is  the  word  for  everything  about 
Chesterfields. .  .from  the  right  combination  of  the 
world's  best  cigarette  tobaccos  to  the  most  mode 
manufacturing  methods.  You  will  find  in  Chesterfie 
everything  you  want  in  a  cigarette. 

A^ore  and  more  . . .  Chesterfield  is  called 
the  smoker's  cigarette 


MILLION 


Copyright  I9H,  Ltccnr  ii  Mvers  Tobacco  Co.