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ARREST 


OF 


THE    FIVE    MEMBERS    BY 
CHARLES  THE  FIRST. 


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ARREST 


OF 


PHE    FIVE    MEMBERS    BY 
CHARLES  THE  FIRST. 


A    CHAPTER    OF    ENGLISH    HISTORY 
REWRITTEN. 


BY  JOHN    FORSTER. 

1 1  i 


LONDON: 

JOHN  MURRAY,  ALBEMARLE   STREET. 

i860. 

[T/ie  right  of  Tranjlation  is  referced.'] 


LONDON: 
BRADBURY   AND    EVANS,    PRINTERS,    WHITEFRIARS. 


1 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

§  I.     Introductory  #        .        »        4        .        .        .    1 — 10 

Text.  An  attempt  fatal  to  its  Author  s  Party  mifreprefentations 
of  it,  I .  Not  an  ifolated  Aft.  Dramatic  correftnefs  of  the 
Eikon  Bafilike.  Authorities  for  this  narrative,  a.  MS.  lUuf- 
trations.  Admiral  Pennington,  3.  Pennington  appointed  to 
fucceed  Lord  Northumberland.  Captain  Slingfby,  brother  of 
Strafford's  Secretary :  relates  the  Parliamentary  news,  25/^ 
No'v.  (1641),  4.  A  night-long  Debate.  Sidney  Bere,  Under- 
Secretary  of  State :  defcribes  oppofition  to  printing  the  Re- 
monftrance,  5.  Fears  of  the  wife.  Narrow  majorities  in  Houfe 
of  Commons.  Conflift  continued,  6.  Firft  great  Parliamentary 
divifions.  Protefting  with  a  difference,  7.  Mr.  Thomas  Wife- 
man  to  Admiral  Pennington,  2»^Z)ff.  (1641),  7,8.  Palmer's 
proteft  and  punilhment.  Abfentees  from  the  Houfes,  8.  The 
majority  of  eleven.  Never  more  heat  in  Parliament  than  now, 
7,nd  Dec.  1641.  Minority  fet  up  againlt  Majority,  9.  Clofe 
of  the  firft  ftruggle  of  Parliamentary  party  in  England,  to. 

Notes.     Services   to   Englifh   Hiftoiy   rendered   by   Sir  John 
Romilly.  Clarendon's  charafter  of  Pennington,  3. 

§  II.     The  King's  Return  from  Scotland        .        .     10 — 20 

Text.  Aflertions  of  Clarendon,  10.  The  two  attempts  of  the 
•^rd  and  ^th  January.  New  State  Appointments  advifed  by 
Lord  Digby,  11.  A  queftion  for  enquiry.  Sufpicions  againft 
Falkland,  Culpeper,  and  Hyde.  Charges  againft  Pym  and 
Hampden.  The  King's  way  of  dealing  with  opponents,  12. 
Crufhing  or  conciliating,  always  too  late,  13.  Treafonable 
Correfpondence  of  Englifh  members  with  Scotch  Rebels. 
Clarendon's  opinion  of  the  five  accufed,  14.  Kimbolton  a 
Scotch  Commiffioner;  narrowly  watched  by  the  Court.  Lady 
Carlifle's  intercourfe  with  both  parties,  15.  A  dangerous 
mediator.  Doubtful  Services.  Meetings  in  Pym's  Lodgings, 
Chelfea,  16.  Libels  on  Hampden.  Avowed  Rebels  par- 
doned. Sufpefted  Rebels  to  be  impeached,  17.  The  King's 
threats  againft  the  popular  Leaders.  Treafons  committed 
In  Parliament.  Coercing  a  minority  put  forth  as  breach  of 
privilege,  18,     Signs  of  danger  abroad.     30/A  Nov.  1641  : 


vi  Contents, 

PAGE 
alleged  confpiracy  to  get  up  charges  of  Treafon,  19.     Argu- 
ment for  giving  weight  to  a  minority.     Alarms  generally 
prevalent.     Confidence  of  the  King,  20. 
Notes.  Lord  Digby's  friendfhips,  ii.  Stratagem  of  winning  by 
places.     Offers  to  Pym.     Their  non-acceptance  regretted 
by   Hyde,    13.     Secret   Confultations,     Kimbolton's   ill 
company,  15. 

§  III.     False  Reliances ai — 29 

Text.  The  Royalift  party  in  the  City.  Banquet  at  Guildhall, 
21.  King's  reception  thereat.  Lord  Mayor  Gourney  made 
a  Baronet.  Welcome  news  for  the  King,  22.  Speaker 
Lenthal  alarmed:  wiflies  to  be  relieved  from  Spealcerfhip, 
and  to  become  again  the  meaneft  Subjeft  of  his  Sovereign, 
23.  Speaker  Lenthal  to  Secretary  Nicholas,  ■7,rd  Dec.  1641. 
Invokes  the  King's  facred  mercy.  Craves  Mr.  Secretary's 
help  in  loweft  pofture  of  obedience,  24.  Expefts  ruin  from 
continuing  in  the  Chair  of  the  Houfe.  A  willing  Dupe, 
Captain  Slingfby  to  Admiral  Pennington,  2«</ jD^t.  (i  641), 
25.  Factious  Citizens.  Fears  and  mifgivings  of  the  beft  in- 
formed, 26.  Slingfby's  Alarm.  Wealthy  and  difcontented 
Citizens :  coming  in  their  coaches,  27.  Unpopular  atSls  of 
the  Lord  Mayor.  Second  thoughts  of  Speaker  Lenthal,  28. 
An  Under-Secretary's  Prayer,  29. 

Notes.  Ovatio  Carolina,  22.  Clarendon's  opinion  of  Lenthal, 
23.  The  King  and  the  two  Houfes.  Citizens  and 
M.P.'s.  Sir  Edward  Dering,  26.  Character  of  Sir  Ed. 
Nicholas,  27.     Speaker  Lenthal  to  Secretary  Nicholas,  28. 

§  IV.     Fatal  Mistakes  ......    29 — 39 

Text.  Foolhardinefs  of  the  King.  Removes  the  Guard  from 
the  Houfes :  Gives  office  to  the  Leaders  of  the  Minority,  29. 
Affails  Privilege,  30.  Interferes  with  a  Bill  under  difcuflion. 
Enforces  Laws  agalnft  Puritans.  Remits  Penalties  agalnft 
Roman  Catholics.  Partial  execution  of  the  Laws,  31. 
Refitted  by  the  People,  32.  A  time  for  caution.  Difaftrous 
Refolve  of  the  King.  The  Tower  and  its  Governor,  33. 
Balfour  removed.  Lunfford  appointed :  his  infamous  cha- 
rafter  :  his  clofe  friendfhip  with  Lord  DIgby,  34.  Objeft  in 
appointing  him,  35.  A  man  to  execute  anything:  and 
keep  the  five  members,  once  arretted,  fafe,  36.  Evil  fore- 
bodings of  Sir  Simonds  D'Ewes.  Addrefs  voted  for  Lunf- 
ford's  Removal.  DifmifTal  of  Lord  Newport.  The  Charge 
agalntt  him,  37.  Propofal  to  feize  hoftages  for  the  King's 
good  Faith.  The  lie  given  to  Lord  Newport,  i^th  Dec. 
The  lie  retraced,  29///  Dec.  Warnings  in  the  Intei-val,  38. 
Sudden  yielding  of  the  King.  Extraordinary  determination 
taken,  39,  .  •  .       , 


•  Contents.  vU 

PAGE 

Notes.  Wifeman  to  Pennington,  ind  Dec.  (1641),  29. 
Under-Secretary  Bere  to  Pennington,  ^f,th  No'V.  and 
9/^  Dec.  1 641.  Court  Changes.  Same  to  fame,  z-^rd  Dec'; 
30.  Slingfby  to  Pennington,  i6t/i  Dec.  1641.  Attack 
upon  Newgate.  Reprievals  of  Popifh  offenders,  32. 
Windebank's  Crime  and  Efcape,  32,  33.  Lunfford's 
Warrant,  34.  Clarendon's  account  of  the  Appointment. 
Clouds  of  words.  Digby  the 'fcapegoat,  35.  Lords  who 
fided  with  majority  in  Commons.  Duke  of  Richmond's 
fally,  z6tA  Jan.  (i  641-2),  36. 

§  V.    Pym  and  the  King 39 — 60 

Text.  Popularity  of  the  Leader  of  the  Commons.  Its  caufes,  39. 
Pym  imprifoned  for  his  opinions  in  1614.  A  Member  of  the 
Parliament  of  1620.  One  of  James  the  Firft's  "Twelve 
Kings,"  40.  Rifes  to  the  place  of  Leader,  April  1640. 
Qualities  and  fervices  which  endeared  him  to  the  People. 
Clarendon's  Tribute  to  his  popularity,  41 .  Former  intercourfe 
with  the  King.  Negotiations  again  opened,  42.  King  Pym  : 
fecret  influence  over  King  Charles,  44.  Songs  and  Satires 
againft  the  Parliament,  45.  Pym's  Conftitutional  opinions. 
Alternately  held  up  for  avoidance  and  for  example.  Charac- 
teriftics  of  his  Oratory,  46.  Chancellorfhip  of  Exchequer 
again  offered  to  him.  Pym  lefs  extreme  than  Hampden.  The 
offer  made  too  late,  47.  Pym  filent  as  to  the  King's  propofal : 
rejects  it.  Sir  Edward  Dering  to  Lady  Dering,  j-^t/i  Jan. 
1641-2,  defcribes  Charles's  overture  to  Pym,  48.  Culpeper 
receives  what  Pym  had  declined,  ijljan.  (1641-2),  49.  Old 
Vane  finally  difmiffed,  50.  Revenge  for  Strafford.  Young 
Vane  alfo  difmiffed,  51.  Captain  Carterett.  Young  Vane 
fucceeded  by  a  friend  of  Strafford.  Captain  Carterett  to  Pen- 
nington, z^rd  Dec.  1641.  Pym  welcomes  Old  Vane  into  the 
popular  Ranks,  52.  Under-Secretary  Bere  to  the  Admiral, 
23r^  Dec.  The  Commons  refent  Young  Vane's  difmifl'al. 
Previous  offer  to  Pym  and  his  Friends,  July  (1641),  53. 
Former  attempt  to  give  office  to  Leaders  of  the  Commons. 
Not  a  mere  expedient  for  faving  Strafford :  renewed  after 
Strafford's  execution.  HoUis  or  Hampden  named  for  Secre- 
tary of  State,  i^th  July  (1641),  54.  Negotiations  with 
popular  Leaders  kept  open.  Diftribution  of  offices  fettled, 
z^th'July  (1641),  55.  Preparation  for  the  new  Miniflry. 
Making  provifion  for  the  worfl,  56.  A  fequel  almofl:  too 
ftrange  for  belief  Prefent  from  the  Admiral.  Nicholas 
to  Pennington,  29/^  July  (1641),  57.  Why  Nicholas  objects 
to  Ecclefiaftical  Reform.  King's  propofed  Journey  to  Scot- 
land :  objefted  to  by  the  Commons.  The  new  Miniftry 
expefted  :  Hampden,  Pym,  HoUis,  and  Lord  Saye  and  Seale, 
58.  Nicholas  about  to  retire:  but  does  not  retire.  Why 
both  attempts  to  conciliate  popular  Leaders  failed.  The  rock 


viii  Contents.  ' 

PAGE 

they  fplit  againft,   59,    A  warning  for  Pym  to  aft  upon. 
The  warning  taken,  60. 

Notes.  Sir  R.  Cotton's  fufFerings  at  feizure  of  his  Library. 
The  1620  Parliament,  40.  Why  King's  efforts  to  con- 
ciliate failed,  42.  Royalift  libellers  of  Pym.  Doings  when 
Pym  was  King.  A  propofed  enaftment,  43.  Pym  chides 
members  for  late  attendance.  Is  happieft  in  Storms,  44. 
Pym  and  the  "King's  Daughter."  Pym's  Pifture.  Muft 
avoid  Heaven  for  fear  of  Biihops,  45.  Pym's  laft  refting- 
place,  46.  Pym  not  adverle  to  the  Church,  but  to 
Arminian  praftices,  47.  Camden  Society  Books.  Winde- 
bank  to  his  Son,  ijth  Dec,  1641.  Secret  underftanding 
with  the  Queen,  49.  Windebank's  grief  at  lofing  place. 
Same  to  his  Son,  24/^  Dec.  A  fellow  feeling,  50.  Admiral 
Pennington  looking  for  Young  Vane's  office.  Captain 
Dowfe  to  Pennington,  'i)OthDec'''f  51.  Why  Carterett  was 
named  Vice- Admiral  by  the  Parliament,  52.  Secretary 
Nicholas  to  Pennington,  54,  55.  Sidney  Bere  to  Penning- 
ton, 30^.4  J'^/y,  1641.  Notice  to  quit  Whitehall.  Propofed 
Viceroy  during  the  King's  abfence.  Confolations  of  a 
retiring  official,  56. 

§  VI.    The  Westminster  Tumults      .        *        .        .     60 — 67 

Text.  Publication  of  the  Grand  Remonftrance.  A  Faft  Day, 
■zzndDec.  (1641),  60.  How  the  King  celebrated  it.  Difcon- 
tented  Holiday  Crowds,  61.  Sea  and  Land  Storms.  A  reli- 
gious war  talked  of.  Lunfford's  appointment  cancelled.  Too 
late.  Memorable  epithets  firft  invented,  62.  Firft  blood  fhed 
in  the  Civil  War,  64.  Caufe  of  fudden  AiTemblages  in  Weft- 
minfter  Hall,  65.  Party  ftatements.  Who  were  the  firft 
AggrefTors,  66.  True  beginning  of  the  Civil  War:  in  the 
attempt  to  deftroy  the  Parliamentary  Leaders,  66,  67. 

Notes.  Cavalier  :  Origin  and  Meaning  of  the  Word.  The 
King  complains  of^  its  ufe.  Roundhead,  63.  William 
Lilly's  evidence.  The  King's  fecret  revealed.  A  Belief 
or  Superftition.  Charafter  of  Puritans,  64.  What  Lilly 
obferved  of  the  Tumults.  A  Parliament  the  People's 
only  hope.     Secret  Counfels,  65. 

§  VII.  Citizens  and  Soldiers  in  the  Hall  .  .  67 — 81 
Text.  Monday  27///  Dec.  1641.  Severity  of  the  Winter,  67. 
Tempeft  at  Sea.  Mr.  Thomas  Smith  to  Pennington,  30^^ 
Dec.  At  Whitehall  Gate,  29//^  Dec'-,  68.  Exafperation  of 
the  People.  Jefuitical  Faftion  ftrong  in  the  Houfe.  The 
Under  Secretary  to  the  Admiral,  30^/^  Dec.  Confufion  and 
fears,  69.  Lunllford  knighted  and  penfioned  upon  his  re- 
moval. Blood  fhed  27M  Dec.  Coiutiers  ordered  to  be  armed, 
70.    Share  in  the  tumults  taken  by  Citizens  and  Apprentices, 


Contents.  ix 

PAGE 

70,  71.  What  Mr.  Bramfton  faw  zjth  Dec,  Provocation 
to  the  People,  71.  Soldier  aflailants.  Volunteer  Guard  to 
the  King.  Clarendon's  opinion  of  them,  72.  Component 
elements  of  the  Guard.  The  King's  unfeafonable  acceptance 
of  their  Service.  Citizens  infulted  and  affailed  by  them,  73. 
Cuts  and  flaflies  drawing  blood.  Plain  meanings  to  Cla- 
rendon's fpeech.   Eager  encouragement  to  attack  on  Citizens, 

74.  Abettors  of  the  Outrage.  Defign  in  encouraging  the 
Whitehall  Defperadoes  :  to  draw  together  a  {landing  Guard, 

75.  Admiffions  by  the  King  9M  March  1641-2.  Wit- 
nefles  above  fufpicion,  76.  A  mad  Chriftmas.  Excufes  for 
the  Whitehall  Guard.  Unpopularity  of  Sir  John  Biron. 
Citizens  chafed  about  the  Hall  by  armed  Soldiers,  77.  Affray 
in  the  Abbey  Dec.  28M.  Unprovoked  outrage  by  the  Soldiers 
29M  Dec.  Gentlemen  armed  crowding  the  Court :  500  vo- 
lunteer Lawyers :   30/^  Dec.     Charge  againft  Lord  Briftol, 

78.  No  blood  fhed  by  the  Citizens.    A  fighting  Archbifhop, 

79.  Incitements  to  violence.  Shops  clofed,  and  all  men  arm- 
ing.    Dangerous  Beliefs,  80.     A  terrible  refponfibility,  81. 

Notes.  Fierce  Froft  in  Paris:  Windebank  to  his  Son,  67,  68. 
The  Penfion  and  Knighthood  to  Lunfford,  70.  Arch- 
bifhop Williams,  71.  Slingfby's  Ship  at  Spithead.  His 
brother's  connexion  with  Strafford,  76.  His  error  relative 
to  the  Citizens,  77.     Entry  from  D'Ewes's  Journal,  79. 

§  VIIL     What  was  Passing  in  the  House      .        .        81 — 88 

Text.  Firft  day  of  the  tumults,  27M  DecT^  81.  Second  day  of 
the  tumults,  28/^  Dec.  Lord  Newport's  difmiflal  debated. 
Oliver  Cromwell  fpeaking,  82.  Denounces  the  Earl  of  Briftol. 
Denzil  Hollis  attacks  Lord  Digby.  Lord  Digby's  complicity 
with  attempts  of  -^rd  &  /^h  Jan!'.,  83.  No  acquittal  of  Lord 
Digby  intended.  Refolution  on  his  Impeachment.  Long 
filences  in  the  Houfe.  Tuefday  28/>^  Dec'-,  84.  Wednefday 
29^  Dec.  Cromwell  as  to  officering  of  the  Army.  Threats 
of  French  Interference  to  put  down  Englifh  Liberties,  85. 
Infolence  of  a  French  Prieft,  Court  Secrets  known  to  the 
French.  French  Information,  86.  Warning  from  a  Pri- 
foner  in  the  Gate  Houfe,  8  7.  Prifon  for  Jefuits  and  Recufants. 
The  danger  known  to  Pym,  88. 

Notes.  State  of  D'Ewes's  Journal  in  the  Harleian  MSS,  81. 
The  Spanifh  Match,  82.  Irifh  military  appointments,  85. 
John  Marfton  to  Lord  Kimbolton  :  Nature  of  his  Com- 
munication, 87.     Attack  on  the  Parliament  expefted,  88. 

§  IX.    The  Bishops  sent  to  the  Tower       .        .        88 — 105 

Text.  Thurfday  10th  Dec',  88.  MelTage  from  the  Lords,  Pro- 
teftation  of  the  Bifhops,  89.  They  retire  from  the  Houfe: 
and  proteft  againft   Proceedings  in  their  abfence,   90,    9I4 


X  Contents, 

PAGE 
EfFe6l  of  Proteft.  An  opportunity  defired  by  the  King. 
"Mobs"  for  two  days  only.  Amount  of  provocation  given, 
92.  What  the  Bifhop  of  Norwich  faw  and  heard.  Fright 
given  in  the  Houfe  itfelf.  Some  Lords  advifmg,  93.  Lord 
Hertford  alarms  the  BifhopS.  Other  Lords  fmiling.  What 
pafled  at  Williams's  Lodgings.  "  Unfortunate  "  Accident, 
94.  Charles  and  his  Lord  Keeper  at  Whitehall,  Accident 
or  Defign  ?  A  furprife  for  the  Bifhops.  What  Cromwell 
thought  of  the  Proteftation,  95.  The  Bifhops  charafterized 
by  Cromwell.  General  feeling  at  the  time,  96.  Clarendon's 
opinion  as  to  Impeachment,  Contemporary  Accounts. 
Slinglby  to  Pennington,  97.  His  opinion  of  the  Proteftation  : 
even  Bifhops'  friends  averfe  to  it.  Bere  to  Pennington,  ^oth 
Dec.  Committal  of  the  Bifhops,  98.  "  Our  deplorable  con- 
dition." Prays  the  great  tempefls  have  left  the  Admiral  fafe, 
Mr.  Thomas  Smith  to  Pennington,  10th  Dec.  Endeavour  of 
Bifhops  to  undo  what  Long  Parliament  had  done,  and  compel 
a  diffolution,  99.  Williams  compared  to  Achitophel.  Com- 
plicity of  Lords  Briftol  and  Digby,  Real  drift  of  the  Pro- 
teft. Prompt  aftion  of  the  Lords,  100,  A  conference.  -1,0th 
Dec.  8  o'clock  p.m.  ten  Bifhops  fent  to  the  Tower,  loi. 
Laud  and  Williams  within  the  fame  walls  at  laft.  Door  fhut 
on  perfecuted  and  perfecutor.  Caricature  of  Williams  as  a 
Decoy  Duck,  102,  A  witty  conceit  :  Laud's  enjoyment  there- 
of. Perhaps  his  laft  gleam  of  mirth,  103.  D' Ewes  fees  the 
Bifhops'  Bench  turned  into  lumber.  Is  glad  they  no  longer 
call  themfelves  "  Lordfhips  "  ;  and  would  keep  them  where 
they  are,  104.     "  Clofe  air"  at  Charing  Crofs,  105. 

ifotes.  What  the  mob  did  to  Archbifhop  Williams,  Evidence 
of  Bramfton,  Hyde,  and  Hacket,  89.  Hacket's  Scrinia 
Referata  defcribed,  Ufelefs  Knowledge.  Written  during 
the  Proteftorate.  Attack  on  Milton,  90.  A  fchoolboy 
fcrlbbler.  Shakefpeare  not  known.  Praife  of  Jonfon, 
Chaucer,  and  Spenfer,  91.  How  the  Proteft  was  figned, 
95.  Cafe  againfl  the  Bifliops.  Themfelves  to  thank  for 
their  unpopularity.  Their  violence  and  paffion  i  jtJi  June 
1641.  A  true  predi61ion,  96,  Great  Storms  raging  on  the 
coaft,  99.  Hacket's  lament  for  the  Bifhops.  No  love  of 
Bifliops  among  the  Lords,  loi.  Debate  as  to  calling  in 
Bifliops  of  Lichfield  and  Durham,  102,  The  two  Arch- 
bifhops  exchange  Civilities  in  the  Tower.  Caricature 
of  Williams  as  Church  Militant,  103.  Difadvantages  of 
the  Black  Rod,  105. 

§  X.    Shadows  of  the  Coming  Event      ,        .        .    105 — 112 

Text.  Houfe  of  Commons  Dec.  30^//  (1641),  105.  Members 
delighted  by  the  folly  of  the  Bifhops,  105,  106.  Members 
alarmed  bya  fuggeftionof  Pym's.  Objeftion  made  by D'Ewes, 
106.  A  ftrange  motion  expe6led  ;  which  follows  accordingly, 


Contents,  xi 

PAGE 

106,107.  Pym's  Speech.  The  remedy  for  danger.  Neceflity 
for  an  immediate  Guard,  107.  The  whole  truth  not  told. 
Report  of  Pym's  Speech  by  D'Ewes.  A  defign  to  be  exe- 
cuted :  Plot  for  deftroying  the  Houfe  of  Commons.  Ad- 
journment to  Guildhall  propofed,  108.  D'Ewes  oppofes  de- 
parture to  City.  "  Let  us  not  be  taken  together."  The 
defign  near  or  diftant  ?  Friday  31/?  Z)ff.  (1641),  109.  Demand 
for  Guard  under  Lord  Eflex,  109,  no.  No  reply.  Halberts 
meanwhile  provided.  Committee  to  receive  reply.  Saturday 
i/?7iZ«.  (1641-2),  no.  A  Council  at  Whitehall,  Falkland 
and  Culpeper  fworn  into  their  offices,  III.  Confequences  and 
refponfibilities  incident  to  office  atfuch  a  time,  iii,  112. 

Notes.  Dates  of  New  Appointments,  no,  in.  Culpeper  Chan- 
cellor of  the  Exchequer.   Falkland  Secretary  of  State,  in. 

§  XI.  The  Impeachment  before  the  Lords    .        .     112 — 118 

Text.  Monday  3r^  j'a/z.  1641-2.  King's  meffage  to  Commons 
refufing  Guard.  Attorney-General  delivers  impeachment  to 
the  Lords.  Introduced  by  Lord  Keeper  Littleton,  112.  The 
Seven  Articles  of  Treafon.  i.  General  Charge,  ii.  Author- 
ship of  Remonftrance.  iii.  Tampering  with  the  Army.  iv. 
Invitations  to  the  Scotch.  v.  Punifhment  of  protefting 
Minority,  vi.  Raifing  Tumults,  vii.  Levying  War,  113,114. 
Agitation  among  the  Lords.  Immediate  a6lion  taken.  King's 
demand  refufed.  Agreement  with  Commons,  115.  Lord  Kim- 
bolton  repels  the  Charge.  Lord  Digby  filent,  116.  Failure  in 
courage  or  good  faith  :  Clarendon's  charge  againft  him,  117. 
Digby  affefts  furprife  :  and  fuddenly  quits  the  Houfe,  117,  118. 

Notes.  MS.  Articles  of  Treafon  in  State  Paper  Office,  1 14, 115. 
Date  of  trani'miflion  of  Petition  of  both  Houfes  for  Guard, 
115.  Charles's  anfwer  thereto.  Not  Lord  EfTex,  but  Lord 
Lindfay :  the  moft  devoted  of  Royal  Partizans,  116. 

§  XII.     The  Impeachment  before  the  Commons    .     118— 126 

Text.  D'Ewes  in  the  Lower  Houfe.  Pym  fpeaking  to  the 
King's  refufal  of  a  Guard.  D'Ewes's  hurried  and  unfinifhed 
Reports,  118.  Suggeftion  for  a  City  Guard.  Fragments  of 
Pym's  Speech.  Pym  and  Hollis  informed  of  outrage  at  their 
liomes,  119.  Their  and  Hampden's  Papers  feized  by  King's 
"Warrant  :  Declared  a  breach  of  Privilege.  Refiftance  juf- 
tified.  Refolution  againft  Seizure  of  Private  Papers,  120. 
Violation  of  Law  as  well  as  Privilege.  The  new  Minifters 
filent.  Hydeabfent.  No  oppofition  attempted.  The  King's 
Serjeant  at  the  door  of  the  Houfe,  121.  Enters,  without  his 
Mace.  Demands  the  five  Accufed.  No  Debate.  Coni- 
pofure  of  the  Houfe,  122.  The  Serjeant  ordered  to  wait 
outfide.  Deputation  to  carry  Meffage  to  the  King:  The 
accufed  will  anfwer  any /f^«/  Charge,  123.  The  Five  Accufed 


xH  Contents* 

PAGE 

ordered  to  attend  dally.  Refolution  for  Military  Guard  out 
of  the  City.  Venn  and  Pennington  fent  to  the  Lord  Mayor. 
Day  declining,  124.  Seals  affixed  by  King's  Warrant  to  be 
broken.  King's  Agents  who  feized  Papers  to  be  imprifoned, 
125.     Laft  Aft  of  the  Houfe  on  ^rdjan",,  126. 

Note.  ■  Sir  Wm.  Killigrew  and  the  diamond  hat-band  and 
ring,  125. 

§  XIIX.    What  Followed  the  Impeachment  .    126 — 129 

Text.  Interview  with  the  King.  A  Promife  for  next  day. 
Authority  for  Scene  to  be  defcribed,  126.  Admixture  of 
true  and  falfe.  View  taken  by  Mr.  Hallam  :  how  far  credible, 
127.  Did  the  King  aft  apart  from  all  advice  ?  Were 
Attorney  and  Keeper  wholly  ignorant  ?  What  Strode 
thought  of  their  participation,  128.  Propofed  attempt  of 
the  4th  not  fecret  to  the  laft.  Difcuffed  the  previous  night, 
129. 

Notes.  Ill  advifers.  Mr.  Hallam's  view  not  confonant  with 
charafter  of  the  King,  127.  Mr.  Attorney's  Excufes  to 
the  Houfe:  difbelieved  by  Strode,  128.  The  Queen's 
Attorney  put  forward.     "  Shut  the  door,"  129. 

§  XIV.     Scene  in  the  Queen's  Apartments    .        .     129—139 

Text.  Ill  Advifers,  129.  Papifts  and  women.  Statement  of 
Madame  de  Motteville,  130.  Warning  to  the  Accufed  from 
French  Ambaflador.  Effefts  of  Qu^een's  intermeddling. 
Her  defigns  fufpefted  by  the  Commons,  131.  Sufpicions 
proved  true.  Clarendon  explains  her  defire  to  have  the  Mem- 
bers impeached,  132.  To  fave  herfelf  from  Impeachment. 
Lucy,  Countefs  of  Carlifle :  her  daily  intercourfe  with  Pym 
and  Kimbolton  after  Strafford's  death,  133.  Retribution  for 
betrayal  of  her  friend  :  Betrays  the  Court  to  the  Commons. 
Her  conduft  explained  by  her  charafter,  1 34.  Her  brother 
Northumberland.  Sir  Philip  Warwick's  Scandal,  135,  A 
fuggeftion  more  probable.  Doftor  Bates.  Privy  Counfellors 
faid  to  have  advifed  the  King,  137.  King  and  Queen  on 
the  night  of  the  ird  January  :  On  the  morning  of  the  4/^ 
Lady  Carlifle  clofeted  with  the  Queen,  138.  The  One  hour. 
Queen  betrays  her  Secret.  Lady  Carlifle  betrays  the  Queen, 
139. 

Notes.  Henrietta's  conduft  on  the  return  from  Scotland.  May 
the  Hiftorian,  130.  Charles  mifled,  131.  Abllraftion  of 
the  Crown  Jewels,  132.  A  Courtier's  view  of  the  Impeach- 
ment and  Arreft.  Bufy  Statefwoman  become  She-Saint, 
135.  No  ground  for  Warwick's  Libel.  Pym's  unpuri- 
tanic  manners.  "  Roundhead  "  explained  by  Baxter,  136. 
"That  roundheaded  Man,"  137. 


Contents,  xlii 

PAGE 

§  XV,    Council  on  the  Night  of-  the  3RD  of  Janu- 
ary   .        .        ......    139 — 154 

Text.  The  night's  debate  :  Who  were  prefent  ?  139.  Teftimony 
of  Sir  Arthur  Hafelrig.  Gratitude  to  Lady  Carlifle.  Rage 
of  the  Queen.  What  Philofopher  Hobbes  fays,  140.  Di- 
reftion  in  which  to  look  for  motives  and  objefts  of  attempt 
of  4M  January.  Not  fo  rafh  as  fuppofed,  141.  Pofition  of 
the  King  after  failure  of  attempt  or  the  ^rd  January.  Chal- 
lenge taken  up  by  the  Commons.  Difficulty  of  retreat.  Alleged 
Evidence  to  fupport  the  Charge,  142.  Falfe  Step  irretriev- 
able within  limits  of  Law.  Nature  of  the  aft  already  com- 
mitted. One  way  to  recover  ground,  143.  Renewal  of 
attempt  with  means  to  enforce  it.  Foiled  only  by  Lady  Car- 
lifle's  warning.  Idea  of  refiftance  infeparable  from  propofed 
attempt,  144.  The  King  incapable  of  a  wife  fear.  Ifliie 
raifed,  one  of  violence:  reafon  why  Houfe  withdrew  its  mem- 
bers, 145.  Source  of  Queen's  felf-reproach  :  not  prevention 
of  attempt,  but  interception  of  confequences.  Previous  pre- 
parations at  Whitehall  and  in  the  City,  146.  Evidence  of 
Captain  Langres.  Afliftance  fought  from  Inns  of  Court, 
147.  Killigrew  fent  round  with  copy  of  Impeachment,  148. 
What  the  new  minifters  thought  or  the  guilt  of  the  accufed, 
149.  Objeftion  to  arreft  only  after  its  failure.  Hyde  employed 
to  juftify  it.  Mifreprefentation  of  the  cafe,  150.  No  privilege 
claimed  againft  Treafon.  Falfe  Iflue  raifed ,  1 5 1 .  Indemnity 
from  Treafon  never  claimed.  Method  of  proceeding  only 
objefted  to.  Culpeper's  confidence  to  Dering.  Charles's  truft 
in  his  new  Counfellors,  152.  Imputation  againft  Hyde  and 
his  friends.  Believed  to  be  "  Contrivers  "  of  the  Arreft:, 
153.  Their  mode  of  objefting  and  denying  :  no  evidence  of 
"  deteftation  "  of  the  Deed,  but  rather  proof  of  indirect  par- 
ticipation, 153,  154.     Stake  played  for  and  loft,  154. 

Notes.  "Littel  Vil  Murry,"  139.  May,  and  Hobbes,  as  to 
a  demand  for  names  of  King's  Advifers,  141.  What 
Hyde  thought  of  the  Arreft ;  and  what  he  would  have 
done  himfelf,  142,  143.  Whitelock's  view.  Extent  of 
danger  prevented  by  Lady  Carlifle,  145.  Inns  of  Court 
Volunteer  Guard.  A  troubled  midfummer :  1628.  The 
countiy  on  the  eve  of  Refiftance.  Royal  letter  to  Benchers 
of  Gray's  Inn,  147.  Defire  to  have  all  citizens  exercifed  in 
arms.  Defeft  to  be  fupplied,  a  want  of  difcipline.  Law 
Students  not  to  negleft  Studies,  but  to  occupy  leifure  and 
vacations,  148.  What  Falkland,  Culpeper  and  Hyde 
would  have  done  with  the  Five  Members :  Seized  them 
feparately,  and  fent  each  to  a  different  prifbn,  149. 
"  Gentlenefs"  of  the  King's  attempt  alleged  by  Claren- 
don. An  aft  of  favour,  150.  Another  fketch  from  fame 
hand.     The  King's  ftyle  of  writing,  151. 


xiv  Contents, 

PAGE 

§  XVI.    Midnight  Visit  to  the  City      ,        •        .    154. — 160 

Text.  Secretary  Nicholas- confulting  late  with  the  King,  154. 
Provifion  againft  tumults  next  day,  and  againft  demand  of 
Commons  for  Guard,  154,  155.  Order  of  Houfe  for  City 
Train  Bands.  Counter  Warrant  figned  by  the  King.  Grave 
Evidence  againft  the  Court,  155.  Order  to  Train  Bands  to 
fire  on  the  Citizens :  Intercepted,  and  not  publifhed  until 
now.  Why  not  put  in  force.  Reached  the  City  too  late, 
156.  Fortunate  accident  for  the  King.  What  might  have 
been  Hiftory.  Copy  of  the  Warrant.  Reference  to  Five 
Members,  157.  Train  Bands  called  out  for  the  King.  All 
Gatherings  of  Citizens  to  difperfe  :  On  refufal,  to  be  fired 
upon.  Letter  of  Nicholas's  Agent,  158.  Whitehall  clocks 
behind  time.  Anticipated  by  deputation  from  Commons  ? 
Part  midnight  at  the  Tower.  Any  further /r/'Z/a^i?  Commands  ? 

159.  Inferences  from  Agent's  Letter.  Preparations  for 
the  morrow.     Memorable  day,  160. 

Hote.     Interlineation  by  Secretary  Nicholas,  158. 

§  XVII.     Morning  of  the  4TH  of  January    ,        .     160 — 175 

Text.     Houfe  of  Commons  :  Falkland  reports  King's  Meflage, 

160.  Motion  as  to  King's  tampering  with  Inns  of  Court. 
Four  Members  fent  to  the  Four  Inns.     Grand  Committee, 

161.  Pym  replies  to  Articles  of  Treafon.  AUufion  to 
Strafford.  Charge  of  bringing  over  the  Army  to  Parliament : 
lefs  treafonable  than  overawing  Parliament  by  Army,  162. 
Comparifons  invited.  Avows  publication  of  Remonftrance. 
Accepts  the  guilt  and  refponfibility.  As  to  charge  of  levying 
arms  againft  King,  163.  As  to  apprehending  delinquents. 
Guilty  of  defending  Chrift's  do6lrine,  and  orthodox  Church 
government.  Judgment  defired  from  the  Houfe.  "  Well 
moved."  An  ominous  queftion,  164.  Has  not  breach  of 
privilege  been  committed  .?  HoUis,  Hafelrig,  and  Strode, 
defend  themfelves.  Strode's  fpeech.  Hafelrig's:  his  reference 
to  Scottifli  Treafon,  165.  Hampden  fpeaks.  Juftifies  re- 
fiftance.  Defines  ill  and  difloyal,  good  and  loyal  fubjefts. 
Unaccuftomed  emotion,  166.  Where  Hampden  looked  for 
true  religion.  In  the  two  Teftaments.  The  Proteftant 
Church  true.  Bible  alone  needful  to  Salvation.  Traditions 
and  fuperftitions  devilifh.  The  Romifh  Church  falfe,  167. 
A  Creed  to  live  by  and  die  for.  Hampden's  change  of 
bearing.  Secrets  of  his  charafter  revealed.  Waiting  his 
time.  Charges  by  Hyde  and  D'Ewes,  168.  "Serpentine 
fubtlety."  Imperfeft  and  prejudiced  Judgments.  What 
Hampden  really  was.  Admiflions  of  Clarendon,  169. 
Higheft  power  of  Statefmanftiip.  A  leader  and  governor  of 
men,  170.  Change  in  Pym  as  well  as  Hampden  after  accu- 
fation  of  Treafon,  170,  171.     All  thoughts  of  moderation 


Contents,  xv 

PAGE 
gone.  No  compromlfe  pofTible.  A  memorable  friendfhip. 
Remark  to  Hyde.  Advantage  of  knowing  one's  friends,  171. 
Conference  with  the  Loi'ds  demanded.  Impeachment  de- 
nounced as  a  fcandalftus  paper,  172.  The  Whitehall  Guard 
an  interruption  to  free  debate.  Compofednefs  of  the  leaders 
of  the  Commons.  Gatherings  of  armed  Men  near  the  Houfe, 
173.  Pym  moves  a  deputation  to  City.  Deputation  departs. 
No  man  to  know  its  errand.  Alarm  ftill  increafmg.  Ad- 
journment for  an  hour,  174. 

Notes.  The  table  at  Whitehall  for  gentlemen  of  Inns  of  Court. 
A  violent  young  lawyer,  161.  What  made  Hampden's 
hurt  mortal,  168.  Clarendon's  character  of  Hampden: 
Equal  to  anything,  170.  Pym  greateft  in  the  Houfe, 
171.  Hampden  and  Pym  as  to  "difcretion"  of  Mr. 
Hyde.  "  Snapplflinefs"  of  Mr.  Hampden,  172.  Bifliops 
in  the  Tower,  173,  1 74. 

§  XVIII.     Betrayal  of  the  Secret         .        .        .    175 — 179 

Text.  A  momentous  interval.  Lady  Carlifle  betrays  all  to  Pym. 
Private  Meffage  from  Lord  EfTex,  Houfe  affembles:  half-paft 
one,  175.  Report  from  Inns  of  Court.  Lincoln's  Inn. 
King's  meflage  to  be  in  readinefs  this  day :  But  as  prompt  in 
loyalty  to  Commons.  Same  from  Gray's  Inn,  176.  From 
Inner  Temple  and  from  Middle  Temple,  176,  177.  The 
Houfe  fatiffied.  Armed  Crowds  gathering  nearer.  Re- 
entrance  of  the  Five  Members.  The  fecret  difclofed  to  the 
Houfe,  177.  Should  the  accufed  retire  or  remain.'  A  new 
Actor  on  the  Scene.  Lenthal  announces  King's  approach, 
178.  Leave  to  Five  Members  to  abfent  themfelves.  Away  to 
the  City  by  Water.     Strode  refifts,  and  is  dragged  out,  179. 

Notes.  Famous  Entry  in  Commons' Journals,  177.  Chronicler 
Heath,  178. 

§  XIX.    The  King's  Approach  to  the  House      .     179 — 184 

Text.  The  King's  attendants,  179.  As  to  their  number  and 
arms.  Teftimony  of  Sir  Ralph  Verney  :  of  Rufhworth  :  of 
Ludlow:  of  Thomas  May,  180.  Alfo  of  Mrs.  Hutchinfon, 
and  D'Ewes.  Clarendon  contradifts  all :  Relating  what  was 
"  vifible  to  all,"  181.  Slingfby's  account  to  Pennington,  6th 
Jan"-,  181,  182.  Armed  Guards  at  Whitehall.  Terror 
and  trouble  of  the  Citizens,  182.  Slinglby  one  of  the  King's 
companions.  How  "  innocently  "  armed.  Difmay  at  their 
approach.  Shops  (hut  up.  The  King  paffes  through  Weft- 
minfter  Hall,  183.  Lobby  of  Houfe  of  Commons  fuddenly 
filled.  Armed  men  ftill  prefs  from  without.  Charles  enters 
the  Houfe,  where  never  King  was  but  once,  184. 
Notes.  Reformadoes,  180.  Slingftjy  defcribes  impeachment. 
Members  fitting  in  Houfe  notwithftanding,  182. 


xvi  Contents. 

PAGE 

§  XX.    The  House  entered  by  the  King      ,        .     184 — 195 

Text.  Voice  of  Charles  heard  as  he  enters,  184.  Armed  fol- 
lowers vifible  outfide.  Door  kept  forcibly  open.  Captain 
Hide  and  Lord  Roxborough,  185.  Members  rife  and  uncover. 
A  crowd  of  bare  faces.  Charles  turns  to  a  well-known  feat. 
Miffes  Mr.  Pym.  Pafles  up  to  Speaker's  Chair,  clofe  by 
D'Ewes's  feat.  Stands  on  ftep  of  Lenthal's  chair,  186. 
Looks  long  before  he  Ipeaks.  Break  in  narrative  of  D'Ewes. 
One  unmoved  Speftator  of  the  Scene.  Young  Mr.  Rufh- 
worth.  His  Report  and  Defcription  fent  for  by  the  King. 
Important  Correftions  made  therein,  187.  Copy  fo  corre6led 
in  State  Paper  Office  :  A  help  to  more  vivid  reproduftion  of 
the  Scene.  The  King's  Speech  to  the  Houfe,  188.  Expefts 
Traitors  to  be  delivered  up  to  him,  189.  Are  the  Five  Mem- 
bers in  the  Houfe  ?  No  reply.  Nothing  will  be  well,  until 
Accul'ed  are  furrendered.  Muft  have  them.  Painful  hefita- 
tion  and  effort.  Addition  by  D'Ewes,  190.  Confirmation 
of  Rufhworth.  Enquiries  for  Pym  and  Hollis.  Reply. 
Looking  for  them  himfelf.  Speaker  Lenthal's  Speech.  No 
eyes  or  tongue  but  as  the  Houfe's  Servant,  191.  Extraordinary 
Speech  for  an  Ordinary  man.  Another  greater  but  like 
example.  "Dreadful"  Silence.  The  King  confcious  of  his 
failure,  192.  His  birds  flown,  Protefts  he  never  intended 
force.  Means  to  maintain  the  conceffions  he  has  made. 
Expe6ls  the  Five  will  be  fent  to  him.  Declares  their  Treafon 
foul,  193.  Leaves  the  Houfe:  in  anger,  but  not  amid  filence, 
193,  194,  195,  "  Privilege  !  Privilege  !  "  fhouted  after  him. 
Pafles  out,  through  files  of  armed  Adherents,  195. 

Notes.  Captain  Hide:  prominent  in  Weftminfter  tumults: 
cafhiered  and  re-appointed,  185,  Rufliworth's  report  of 
the  Speech  correfted  by  Charles,  188,  Erafure  by  the 
King.  Enquiry  for  Pym  alfo  erafed  by  King,  189.  Charles 
the  Firft's  Speech  at  his  Trial,  192.  Slingfby's  narrative 
of  outrage.  Silence  of  Houfe  explained.  Charles  deter- 
mined to  have  the  Accufed.  Houfe  had  fent  to  City  for 
4000  men.  Shops  all  fhut.  Bere  to  Pennington,  6t/i  Jan. 
(1641-2),  194.  Uncertainty  as  to  flight  of  Members,  195. 

§  XXI.     Impression  produced  by  the  Outrage     .     195 — 204 

Text.  Proceedings  in  Houfe  after  King's  departure.  Speech 
ofHotham,  195.  Cries  for  adjournment.  Houfe  riles  at 
3.  30  p.m.  D'Ewes  defcribes  the  King's  defign  :  to  have  raifed 
a  conflift  in  the  Houfe.  Details  of  the  plot,  196.  Armed 
delperadoes  not  to  be  reftrained.  The  King's  perfon  in 
danger.  Strange  deliverance.  King's  approach  told  to 
Fiennes,  197.  Withdrawal  of  the  members.  Oppofition  of 
Strode,  198,  199.  Will  feal  his  innocency  with  his 
blood.     Sir  Walter  Earle  pulls- him  out  by  the  cloak.     The 


Contents.  xvH 

PAGE 
Accufed  warned  at  dinner  hour  by  Eflex,  200.     Unimpaf- 
fioned  charaderof  D'Ewes's  teftimony.     His  fenfe  of  danger 
marked  by  execution  of  his  Will  :  and  letting  his  houfe  in 
order,   201,      Ifolation  of  D'Ewes  from  mere  party.     His 
precifion  and   fobriety.       Qjieftion   of  the  King's  conduft. 
Could  have  had  but  one  purpofe,   202.     Not  the  aft  but 
the  failure  unpardonable,     Succefs  narrowly  miffed,     Under- 
Secretary  Bere's  dread  as  to  ultimate  refult.  Change  muft  be 
for  the  worfe.    Rumours  as  to  whereabouts  of  accufed,  203. 
Worfe  ftorms  on  land  than  at  fea.  Circumftances  well-known 
to  Under-Secretary.     His  fears  and  forebodings,  204, 
Notes.     Abrupt    entry    in   Journals    of  ^h  Jan.   (1641-2), 
196,     Identity  of  Strode  with  the  earlier  Strode  difputed. 
Reply  to  objeftions  made.     Original  impreflion  ftrength- 
ened,  not  weakened.     Ages  of  the  principal  men  of  the 
Commons.     Miftakes  of  Thomas  May,  198.      Contempt 
of  Royalifts  for  Strode,  Varieties  of  Royalift  (lander,  199. 
Qj.ieftion  of  accommodation  with  the  King.     Parliament 
men  in  peril,  201.      An    Invitation  for   Chriftmas  de- 
clined, 204, 

§  XXII,     Lord  Digby  and  Mr.  Hyde       .        .         .     204 — 218 

Text.  Violent  and  recklefs  counfel.  Carrying  attempt  to  its 
iffue.  Digby's  propofal  :  to  feize  the  Five  Members  dead  or 
alive,  205.  Mifchief  let  loofe  by  King's  aft.  Rumours 
againft  Briftol  and  Digby.  Small  comfort  for  the  Admiral. 
Suffering  on  waters,  fear  on  land,  206,  Jacob  and  Efau, 
Two  parties  out  of  Houfe  ;  but  the  leaders  honeft,  and  only 
one  party  now  in  Houfe,  Sole  Rebels  in  England,  207.  Open 
and  fecret  enemies,  Caufe  for  this  digreflion.  Hyde  the 
King's  private  advifer  :  fupplies  fecret  papers  and  information, 
208,  Playing  double  and  falfe.  Betrays  the  Commons  to 
the  King,  209.  Complaint  of  the  King  againft  Pym. 
Pym's  rejoinder,  Meflages  fent  before  voted.  Houfe 
warned  againft  treachery.  Letter  to  Pym,  210,  Able  mem- 
bers informed  againft.  King's  preparations.  Parliament  in 
danger.  Charge  aimed  at  Hyde,  211.  Self-defence  againft 
treachery.  Hyde  accufed  of  advifing  Arreft  :  Suggeftion  ot 
his  friends  not  to  defend  it,  212.  Alleged  fpeech  upon 
Impeachment:  Grofs  mifreprefentation  therein,  212,  213. 
Pretended  occafion  for  Speech,  Argument  of  Speech  :  no 
privilege  for  felony  or  treafon :  undifputed  by  Pym  and 
Hampden,  213,  Imputation  againft  Leaders  of  the  Com- 
mons. No  proof  exilting  that  the  Speech  was  fpoken,  214. 
Hyde  not  in  the  Houfe,  nor  at  Guildhall,  or  Grocers'  Hall, 
214,  215,  No  evidence  that  Hyde  took  part  in  debates  on 
arreft,  215,  Reafons  for  abfenting  himfelf.  His  help  more 
ufeful  elfewhere.  Appeal  to  force,  216.  Impreflion  to  be 
made  on  the  people,  218, 

b 


xviii  Contents. 

PAGE 

Notes.  Private  meetings  in  Hyde's  lodgings.  Sufpicions 
againft  him.  Hyde  fhut  up  with  Charles,  209.  Incon- 
fiftency  in  Hyde's  MS,  215.  Hallam's  view  of  Impeach- 
ment, 216.  William  Lilly  as  to  arreft  of  Members.  Coft 
the  K'ng  his  Crown.  All  confidence  at  an  end.  A 
dinner  party  on  day  of  Arreft.  Belief  as  to  outrage  in- 
tended.     King's  obftinacy,  217. 

§  XXIII.     Sir  Simonds  D'Ewes  and  Speaker  Lenthal  218 — 251 

Text.  Further  paufe  in  Narrative  required.  MS.  Diary  of 
D'Ewes,  218.  Illuftrations  to  be  drawn  from  it.  D'Ewes  a 
reliable  Witnefs.  Not  a  thorough  going  party  man,  219. 
Differences  with  Leaders.  Epithets  applied  to  popular  Chiefs. 
Why  more  tolerant  of  Pym :  Pym  more  tolerant  of  him,  220. 
Difcuflion  upon  Anfwers  to  a  Meflage.  Objeftion  of 
Royalifts  :  D'Ewes  fupports  it.  Is  aflailed  by  violent  fpirits, 
221.  Perfifts  in  fpite  of  them.  Receives  encouragement. 
Pym's  "  difcretion  and  modefty."  Adopts  the  amendment, 
422.  Mr.  Strode  lefs  civil :  fpeaks  thrice  and  gets  laughed 
at,  222,  223.  Good  humour  of  the  Houfe.  Moderation  of 
D'Ewes,  223.  Propofed  cenfure  of  Sir  Ralph  Hopton.  Pope 
foliciting  help  againft  Englifti  Parliament,  224.  Hopton's 
offence:  His expulfion moved,  225.  D'Ewes'sfpeech  in  mitiga- 
tion. Interrupted  by  the  hot  fpirits.  Appeals  to  order.  His 
fuggeftion  adopted  by  Houfe,  226.  Makes  fimilar  objeflion 
to  Hopton's  :  with  better  fuccefs.  D'Ewes's  love  for  moderate 
fpeech.  Another  Cafe  for  Cenfure,  227.  Sir  Edward  Dering's 
publiftied  Speeches.  D'Ewes's  indignation  thereat.  Would 
have  Dering  expelled.  Denounces  his  vainglorious  Preface, 
228.  Dering's  attack  upon  the  Houfe.  Mr.  O.  C.  libelled. 
Mr.  Speaker  compliments  D'Ewes,  229.  Objeftion  to  fup- 
preffion  of  a  Book:  willraife  its  value  from  fourteen  pence  to 
fourteen  ftiillings.  Dering  expelled,  and  his  Book  burnt,  229, 
230.  Suggeftion  from  Mr.  Oliver  Cromwell :  Will  D'Ewes 
anfwer  Dering  ?  230.  D'Ewes  declines:  has  better  things  to 
do.  Might  not  Mr.  Cromwell  do  it  >  Other  proofs  of 
D'Ewes's  accuracy.  Originality  of  his  Journal,  231.  HolJis 
would  alter  a  meffage  voted.  Meffage  already  printed.  Who 
copies  nightly  from  Clerk's  Journals  ?  Falkland  and  two 
others,  232.  But  not  D'Ewes:  he  reports  "  out  of  his  head," 
never  at  fecond  hand,  232,  233.  Clerk  Elfyng's  Apologies. 
A  delicate  matter  difcuffed.  Note-taking  inleparable  from 
Speech-making.  Relations  of  D'Ewes  to  Lenthal,  233.  His 
authority  in  precedents:  Critic  and  Patron  of  Mr.  Speaker. 
Weakneffes  of  Lenthal.  Self-furrender  of  his  only  claim  to 
refpeft.  A  Witnefs  againft  Scot  the  Regicide,  234.  A 
Time-ferver  always.  Traits  and  incidents  from  D'Ewes's 
diary.     Qjieftion  of  Privilege,  235,     Hafelrig  and  Lenthal. 


Contents.  xlx 

PAGE 

Attack  on  Mr.  Speaker.    D'Ewes  rebukes  Hafelrig.   Lenthal 
out  of  order,  236.     Sugar  duties'  debate.     Members  entering 
juft  before  Queftion  put.     Not  to  withdraw.     Extraordinary- 
proceeding  of  Mr.  Speaker.     Lenthal  again  at  fault,    237. 
An  Honourable  Member  interrupted.     Honourable  Member 
retorts.    Mr.  Speaker  fuccumbs.    D'Ewes's  indignation.  Len- 
thal's deficiencies  as  Speaker,  238.     A  Letter  from  the  King. 
D'Ewes  the  great  authority  as  to  Order :  Compofer  of  difcords 
in  debate.     Heat   of  ancient   Burgefs   for   Coventry,   239. 
Fierce  and  unparliamentary  looks.   D'Ewes's  opinion  thereon. 
Ancient  member  again.    Vote  for  allegiance  to  Parliamentary 
General :  difliked  by  D'Ewes,  240.     Burgefs   for   Coventry 
required  to  fay  Aye :  fays  No.     AfTailed   by  Mr.  Speaker. 
Wifties   to  fay  Aye :  but   not   permitted.      Other   members 
frightened,  241.    Sir  Peter  Wentworth  cannot  truft  the  King. 
Chancellor  of   Exchequer's  horror.     Houfe   overlooks   this 
**  folly."     Old  Sir   Harry  Vane.     Startling   Speeches.     Sir 
John   Northcote's   avowal,   242.      "  Make   the  Prince  our 
King."     Old  Vane  declares  for  Militia  and  **  new  founda- 
tion,     243.     Harry   Killegrew's   Speech.      Novel   Political 
Doftrine.    Houfe  laughs.    Young  Vane  very  ferious.    Kille- 
grew's apology.     Pym  refills  his  expulfion,  244.     An  indif- 
creet  friend.     D'Ewes  goes  in  fearch  of  Records.     Expofes 
Cornifli  ignorance.     Is  merciful  in  triumph,  245.    Attempts 
to  force  early  attendance.     Alarming  time  when  firft  found 
neceflary.    Tragi-comedy  of  the  World,  246.     Houfe  in  fad- 
nefs  :    Suddenly  moved  to  laughter.    The  Shilling  Fine.    A 
failure.  Shilling  Fine  again  propofed.   D'Ewes  oppofed  to  it, 
247.     Mr.   Speaker  late:   rebuked:   throws  his  fhilling  on 
table  :  will  not  take  it  up  again,  248.    Ill  refults  of  the  Fine. 
Refufals  to  pay.     Jack  Hotham  ordered  to  pay.     Flings  his 
fhilling  on  ground,  249.     Beginning  of  the  End.     Call  of 
Houfe   attempted.     Not   forty   members    prefent,    250.     A 
Stranger  in  the  Houfe.     How  dealt  with.     Refumption  of 
Narrative.     Why  interrupted,  251. 

Notes.  D'Ewes's  deteftion  of  forged  fignatures  to  a  Royalift 
Petition,  219.  Withdrawing  for  fupper,  223.  Kingaccufed 
of  Popifh  defigns.  Too  many  grounds  for  fuch  imputa- 
tion. Engllfh  Politics  at  Rome.  Letter  to  Hyde  from 
brother-in-law,  224.  The  Pope's  Nephew :  Says  he  has  not 
fomented  Englifh  troubles.  His  "intereft"in  Pym  and 
Hampden,  225.  Remarkable  entry  in  Journal.  Gene- 
rofity  of  Houfe  to  Strafford's  fon,  227.  Contrail  to 
Lenthal,  234.  Northumberland  true  to  old  friends.  An 
example  profitable  to  Kings,  235.  D'Ewes  avoids  Chair 
of  Committee,  239.  Miflbrtune  to  Royal  Standard,  240. 
Occafion  of  Northcote's  Speech.  Anecdote  of  Killegrew. 
Will  "  find  "  a  good  caufe,  243.     A  reprimand,  245. 


XX  Contents. 

PAGE 

§  XXIV.     Appeal  to  the  City         ....     251 — 258 

Text.  Mr.  Rufhworth  fent  for  by  the  King,  251.  Report  of 
his  Majefty's  Speech  demanded.  Mr.  Rulhworth's  humble 
excufes.  King's  fharp  rejoinder.  Speech  tranfcribed  from 
Notes,  in  King's  prefence.  Sent  to  prefs,  252.  Proclamation 
againft  Five  Members.  Ports  clofed  againft  their  efcape. 
Their  place  of  refuge.  City  of  London.  Merchants'  home 
as  well  as  place  of  bufinefs,  253.  Its  palaces  and  privileges. 
Sources  of  its  power,  254.  Its  complete  and  organized  de- 
mocracy. Its  incredible  enrichment  by  trade.  Clarendon's 
lament,  255.  City  difaffefted  to  Court.  Well  affefted  to 
Commons.  Semces  in  the  War.  Excitement  on  night  of 
the  Arreft,]256.  "  Cavaliers  coming."  Apprehended  ieizure 
of  arms,  257.  King's  MelFage  to  the  Lord  Mayor.  War- 
rants againft  accufed,  258. 

Notes.  Lord  Mayor's  letter  to  Aldermen.  Military  organiza- 
tion of  City.  Inftruftions  for  Watch  and  Ward.  Perfonal 
fervice  required  from  Aldermen,  254.  Fortifications  of 
the  City  Walls,  255.  Attacks  on  City  in  Royalift 
Satires,  256.  City  fliops  all  fhut.  Rough  draft  of  Royal 
Warrant.  Ordnance  fafely  difpofed.  Houfes  to  be 
fearched  for  mulkets.  Pofleffors  of  fire-arms  to  be 
examined,  257. 

§  XXV.     The  King's  reception  in  Guildhall       .     258—263 

Text.  An  important  day  for  Charles  I.,  258.  His  laft  ftake 
for  good  will  of  City.  His  confidence  ftill  unabated.  Grounds 
for  fuch  falfe  reliance.  Prefent  fupporters  and  old  traditions, 
259.  Reception  on  his  way.  Caution  to  be  wary  of  Speech. 
Forced  mildnefs.  Captain  Slingfby  an  eye  and  ear  witnefs. 
"  Privilege  !  Privilege  ! "  "  To  your  tents,  O  Ifrael  ! "  260. 
Arrival  at  Guildhall.  King's  Speech.  Refolved  to  have  the 
Five  Members.  Reliance  on  the  City's  good  will.  Will 
redrefs  grievances  and  refpe6t  privileges :  but  muft  queftion 
Traitors,  261.  Juftifies  Whitehall  Guard.  Offers  to  dine 
with  liberal  Sheriff.  *'  Privileges  of  Parliament,"  and  **  God 
blefs  the  King."  Has  any  one  anything  to  lay  ?  Yes :  we 
vote  you  hear  your  Parliament,  262.  No  :  that  is  not  our 
vote.  A  bold  fellow  on  a  form.  Rejoinder  for  him,  "Trial 
—trial!"    King  dines  with  Sheriff,     "  Trial— trial  !"  263. 

Notes.  King's  Speech  at  Guildhall,  258.  AfTurances  as  to 
religion.     Dinner  at  SheriflF's,  259. 

§  XXVI.    Humiliation  and  Revenge       .        .        .     264 — 271 

Text.  Incidents  of  the  return  to  Whitehall.  Wifeman  to  Pen- 
nington, (>th  Jan.  News  of  the  Week,  264,  Fears  of  Infur- 
reftion.    Accufed  keeping  out  of  way.   Efforts  to  conciliate. 


Contents.  xxi 

PAGE 

Gentlenefs  of  King's  voice.  Firmnefs  of  his  purpofe.  Muft 
bring  Traitors  to  Trial,  265.  Dinner  at  Sheriff  Garrett's. 
Shouts  againft  the  King.  Glad  to  get  home.  Why  Commons 
left  Weftminfter.  Expectation  of  Bloodfhed.  Doubts  which 
party  ftrongeft,  266.  Retrofpeft.  More  P.C.s  made.  God 
preferve  His  Majefty  !  Meflage  from  Mrs.  Wifeman.  A  worfe 
trial  for  Charles.  Vifit  from  Common  Council,  267.  Their 
advice  :  Confult  with  your  Parliament :  Leave  Tower  alone : 
Difperfe  Whitehall  Guard  :  Abandon  Impeachment,  268. 
King's  firft  aft  on  return  from  City.  New  Proclamation 
againft  the  Members !  Rough  Draft  in  King's  hand. 
Kimbolton  omitted.  Inftruftions  to  Secretary  Nicholas,  269. 
The  guilty  have  efcaped.  Injunftion  tofeizethem.  Warning 
againft  harbouring  them.  The  City  threatened.  Solely  the 
King's  aft,  270.  Hopelefs  and  recklefs  perfiftence.  Repent- 
ance of  Nicholas.  Charles  direfts  even  Printing  of  Proclama- 
tion, 271. 
Notes.     Bere  to  Pennington  :   Sth  Jan.     Cries  in  City,  264. 

Anecdote  told  by  Slingftjy,  268.     King's  inftructions  to 

Printer,  271. 

§  XXVII.     Reassembling  of  the  Commons      .        .     271 — aSi 

Text.  Wednefday  ^th  Jan.  ■l6/^\-^,  Yefterday's  agitation  not 
fubfided,  271.  Watches  fent  out:  260  Members  prefent : 
90  of  the  King's  party.  Member  for  Colchefter  leads  Debate. 
Grimfton's  Speech.  Its  fcope  and  value,  272.  Expofition 
of  the  Power  of  Parliament.  Why  fo  awfully  predominant  ? 
Becaufe  it  punlfties  evil  doers  :  comforts  the  opprefTed  :  and 
ftrips  the  wicked  of  place,  273.  Late  outrage  due  to  evil 
counfellors.  Offences  charged.  Conduft  in  Parliament. 
Right  to  fpeak  freely.  Title  not  to  have  votes  queftioned  : 
vi'hether  on  Bills  of  Attainder  or  others  :  or  in  drawing  up  Re- 
monftrances,  274.  Conclufion.  Members  accufed  for  conduft 
in  Houfe  :  Lodgings  entered  and  papers  feized :  a  breach  of 
privilege.  Motion  upon  Grimfton's  Speech.  Oppofed  by 
Hopton.  Excufes  for  the  King.  Committee  to  prepare  Refo- 
lution,  275.  They  retire:  nothing  to  be  done  till  their  return. 
They  return  in  a  quarter  of  an  hour :  with  a  Refolution  written 
before  we  met,  276.  D'Ewes  not  in  confidence  of  Leaders  j 
but  his  account  truftworthy,  276,  277.  Glyn's  declaratory 
Refolution.  Propofed  Adjournment :  Grand  Committee  to 
fit  in  the  City.  Warm  Debate  thereon.  Sir  Ralph  Hopton, 
277.  Did  not  we  give  firft  provocation  ?  And  how  gracious 
the  King's  Speech  !  Oppofes  Committee  and  Adjournment. 
"  Grand"  Committee  altered  to  "  Seleft."  Adjourn  till  to- 
morrow at  9  o'clock,  278.  Divifion  upon  going  into  City, 
170  againft  86.  Seleftion  of  the  Committee.  All  who  come 
to  have  voices,  279.  Its  duties.  Comprifes  feveral  Royalifts. 
Names  on  Committee.  Hyde,  St.  John,  and  Cromwell  abfent 


3D£ii  Contents, 

PAGE 
from  it,  280.    Motion  by  Lord  Lifle.     Irifli  Affairs.    Sharp 
Debate  led  by  Fiennes.    Meffage  to  Lords,    Abrupt  rifing  of 
Houfe,  281. 

Notes.     Divifion  as  to  Duke  of  Richmond.     One  of  D'Ewes's 
"young  "  men,  279. 

§  XXVIIL    A  Sudden  Panic 281—289 

Text.     Armed  men  marching  upon  us.     Sir  John   Clotworthy 
perfifts  with  Refolutlons.     Voted  without  being  read.     Dif- 
orderly  Adjournment.     Reafons  for  the  fright,  282.     Other 
Members  to  be  accufed  and  feized.    City  only  had  prevented  it. 
Alarm  of  the  King.    Change  of  purpofe.    Refults  of  4/// ^iSK. 
Darkeft  Rumours  thought  true,  283.  Scottifli ' '  incident :"  284. 
Irifti rebellion :  and  armyplof.  King's fliare therein, 285,  286. 
Confequences  of  outrage  worfe  than  itfelf  Belief  abtained  for 
groffeft  Charges.    Captain  Carterett's  fears.    Mr.  Wifeman's. 
Obedience  polfoned,  287.      Powers  of  the  State  in  conflift. 
Specific    caufes   of  Alarm.       Digby's    plan    for    fecuring 
Members.    King  withholds  Confent.   Clarendon's  own  plan  : 
To  feize  and  throw  them  into  feparate  Prifons,  288, 
Notes.     Offer  of  Montrofe  to  kill  Argyle  and  Hamilton.    Mr. 
Napier's  difproof  quite  untenable.     Text  of  Clarendon. 
Edition  of  1826.    Difclofed  Author's  plan.  Hiltory  com- 
pofed  of  two  MSS.     Secretary's  tranfcript.     Altered  and 
corrupted  by  Author's  Sons,  284.    Reftoratlons.  Scaffold- 
ings of  a  book.     Later  and  earlier  Verfions  of  fame  events. 
The  Montrofe  charge,  the  later  Verfion.     Intended  fo  to 
ftand.  ImpofTible  not  to  print  it:  Reluftanceof  firft  Editors, 
285.  Additions  in  1826  not  to  be  confufed  with  Reftora- 
tlons, 285,  286.    Two  kinds  :  weight  refpe6lively  due  to 
each.     Montrofe  charge  intended.     The   King  Its  au- 
thority.    Why  firft  Verfion  of  it  changed,  286. 

§  XXIX.  How  History  may  be  written  .  .  289 — 294 
Text.  Falthleflhefs  of  Clarendon.  Unfafe  guide.  Comparifon 
with  D'Ewes,  Verney,  and  Rufhworth,  289.  Statement  by 
Clarendon.  Alleged  tone  of  Members' Friends,  290,  Affefted 
fears  and  griefs.  Propofal  to  adjourn  Parliament.  King's 
wifh  to  get  Parliament  away  from  London.  Appointment  of 
Committee.  Royallftsfilent,  291.  Three  King's  Advlfers  :  too 
dejefted  to  fpeak.  Clarendon's  Account  fummed  up.  Five 
fpecific  Statements,  all  untrue.  Confronted  with  D'Ewes, 
Verney,  and  Rufhworth,  292.  Never  propofed  to  adjourn 
Parliament.  Limit  of  ftay  in  City  fpecified.  Merchant  Tailors' 
Hall  not  named.  Royalifts  not  filent.  Culpeper  and  Falkland 
on  Committee,  293. 

Notes.     Verney's   account  of   Sitting    of   5th.     Rufhworth's 
Account.     Adjournment  to  City,  290. 


Contents,  xxiii 

PAGE 

§  XXX.    Adjournment  and  Suspense      .        .        .     254. 300 

'Text.  Mafter-ftroke  of  meeting  in  the  City,  Neceflity  of  fuf- 
pending  Weftminfter  Sittings.  Policy  of  appealing  to  Citi- 
zens. Alleged  abfence  of  danger,  294,  Fears  pretended  . 
to  get  help  from  "darling"  City.  But  what  lay  private 
letters  in  State  Paper  Office  ?  Serious  alarm  at  Impeach- 
ment. Fate  of  Members  in  balance.  Wifeman's  view, 
295.  The  Under  Secretary's.  Captain  Carterett's,  jth  Jan. 
Gives  no  opinion,  but  ftates  the  faft.  Vote  of  Houfe  for  the 
Accufed.  Serjeant  Dandie  gone  to  feize  them,  296.  Attacked 
by  the  People.  Obftinate  refolve  of  the  King.  Thomas 
Smith  to  Pennington,  yth  Jan.  Proteftion  of  Accufed 
againft  King,  297.  King  will  ufe  force.  City  refolved  to 
refift.  "God  help  us!"  Sling(by  to  Pennington,  Stk 
Jan.  M.P.s  difcourfing  of  adjournment  to  City.  Many 
refufe  to  go,  298.  Fear  to  be  thought  "  Acceffories." 
Threats  if  Accufed  not  given  up.  Royalifts  begin  to  favour 
Irifh.  Pym's  heavieft  charge  proved  true,  299.  Sympathy 
with  Irifli  Rebellion,  300. 

Notes.     Holborne's  Argument,  299. 
§  XXXI.     Commons'  Committee  at  Guildhall      .     300 — 316 

Text.  Thurfday  morning,  (,th  Jan.  No  exifting  report  of 
proceedings.  Slight  notices  in  Rufliworth  and  Verney,  300. 
Confufions  of  Clarendon.  A  regular  record  by  D'Ewes. 
Where  the  Committee  fat.  Welcome  of  the  Citizens.  Military 
Guard  in  attendance,  301.  City  Hofpitalities.  "  Great  cheer." 
Firft  matter  debated.  Searching  Lodgings  and  fealing  up 
Papers.  IfTuing  illegal  warrants,  302,  Attorney-General's 
Proceedings  firft  quellioned.  Motion  to  fend  for  Warrants. 
Refifted  by  D'Ewes.  Speech  by  him,  303.  Explains  privi- 
leges againft  arreft.  Final,  and  temporary.  Why  fuch  dif- 
tinftion.  When  the  Houfe  to  judge  as  to  faft  and  penalty, 
304..  When  as  to  faft  only.  Otherwife  Houfe  might  be 
thinned  at  pleafure.  Yet  Members  guilty  to  be  furrendered. 
Examples  given.  "Well  moved,"  305.  Fair  and  juft  temper 
of  Committee.  No  defire  to  be  irrefponfible,  306.  D'Ewes 
refumes.  As  to  cafes  where  Lords  join.  Privileges  claimed 
by  both  Houfes.  Impeachment  by  Lower  Houfe  :  compels 
furrender  of  the  perfon.  Malice  not  prefumable,  307. 
Conclufion  by  D'Ewes.  Loud  acclamation.  Glyn's  Speech  : 
aimed  at  fuch  counfels  as  Hyde's.  Private  Informers  of  the 
King,  308.  Spies  in  the  Houfe.  Manifett  breach  of  privi- 
lege. Glyn  has  taken  leaderftiip.  Chiefs  under  him,  309. 
D'Ewes's  Argument  on  Privilege.  A  firm  pofition.  More 
than  one  queltion  at  iflue.  Clarendon's  evafion,  310.  Not 
one,  but  many  breaches  of  law.  King  powerlefs  to  arreft,  311. 
;  Each  ftep  an  outrage.     Subjeft  may  do  what  King  cannot. 


xxiv  Contents. 

PAGE 
Shame  of  Attorney- General.      Makes  apology  through  a 
Friend,  312.     Apology  not  believed.     Mr,  Strode's  remark 
thereon.     Debate  as  to  warrants  continued.   Sound  principles 
ftated.     No  difference  of  opinion,  313.     Difpute  of  D'Ewes 
with  Wilde.    Wrong  iflue  fuggefted.    Correfted  by  D'Ewes. 
Lords  to  iffue  Warrants.    How  to  make  a  right  thing  wrong, 
314.      D'Ewes's  viftory  over  Wilde.     Good  fenfe  of  Com- 
mittee. Refolutions  voted.  Againft  Warrants  :  againft  perfons 
arrefting  under  them.     Young  Vane  rifes,  315.     Offers  wife 
fuggeltion.  Guard  againfl  claiming  privilege  for  Crime.  Sub- 
committee to  draw  provifo.    Vane's  claufe  voted  and  printed. 
Adjourn  to  Grocers'  Hall,  316. 
Notes,    Why  applaud  D'Ewes  and  objeft  to  Hyde  ?  305,  306, 
Anfwer  fuggefted.     Doggrel  '*  Five  Members'  March," 
306.     Juft  opinions  as  to  Arrefl.     Smith  to  Pennington, 
^th  Jan.     King  not  to  accufe  Subjefts,  311.     Dil'con- 
tent  with  the  King,  312. 

§  XXXII.    Facts  and  Fictions         ....     316 — 320 

Text.  Clarendon  Fiflions,  Alleged  reftriftion  of  Votes.  Con- 
current fittings  of  Houfe.  Hyde's  afferted  fpeech.  Pretended 
references  to  Houfe  itfelf,  317.  Houfe  confirming  votes  of 
Committee.  All  done  during  Five  Members'  Abfence. 
Reply.  Votes  not  fo  reftrifted.  Houfe  itfelf  not  fitting.  Hyde 
not  Speaking,  318.  No  Short  Sittings.  Journals  fupport 
D'Ewes.  Evidence  of  publifhed  Declaration.  As  to  War- 
rants: King  powerlefs  to  iffue  them,  319.  As  to  Arrefl  : 
King  difabled  from  effe6ling  it,  319,  320.  As  to  claim  of 
privilege  :  Not  defired  to  bar  a  juft  charge.  Readinefs  to 
bring  guilty  to  Trial. 

§  XXXIII.     Agitation  in  the  City         .         .         .     320 — 326 

Text.    Thurfday  night,  6th  Jan"-,  320.    Change  in  the  People. 

Difpofed  to  any  undertaking,  321.    Sudden  alarm  at  Ludgate. 

Threatened  attack  on  Coleman  Street.     The   Digby  Plot. 

Lunfford  in  it,    322.     City  in  Arms.     140,000  men  with 

weapons.    Panic  continues.    Women  in  terror.    Exertions  of 

Lord  Mayor,  323.    Streets  cleared.    City  again  quiet.   Thanks 

of  Council  to  Lord  Mayor,  324.    Ill-timed  defiance.     Troop 

raifed  by  Royalift  Squire,  325.  Tendency  to  undue  fears,  326. 

Notes.     Evidence  of  Clarendon.     Tribunes   exalted.     Court 

reduced.    All  flanders  believed,  321.    Speech  of  Stapleton. 

Lunfford's  bragging,  322.    Order  from  Council,  Saturday 

%th  Jan.     Members  for  City  odious  to  Court.     Swearing 

in  of  Falkland.  Tumult  of  Thurfday  noticed.  Its  authors 

muft   be  punifhed,    324.     Certain  perfons  (M.P.s)  over 

earneft.     Find  out  authors   of  Alarm.      Give  up  their 

Names,  325. 


Contents.  xxv 

PAGE 

§  XXXIV.     First  Sitting  at  Grocers'  Hall         .     326—333 

Text.  Friday  jth  Jan.  WItnefles  as  to  Outrage  of  ^k.  Ab- 
ftraft  of"  their  Evidence,  326.  Concerted  plan.  Signal  to  be 
given.  Difappointment.  Neceflity  of  forcing  Commons  to 
obey  King.  Signal  only  wanted.  Forcibly  keeping  open 
door  of  Houfe,  327.  Counting  numbers.  Ingenuous  Con- 
feffion.  An  important  Witnefs :  At  Whitehall  the  previous 
Friday.  What  Lieut.  Jenlcin  faid.  Again  at  Whitehall  on 
the  \th.  Previous  intelligence  of  King's  defign,  328. 
Pafles  over  roof  to  efcape  Crowds.  Knew  of  coming 
trouble  three  weeks  ago.  Impreflion  made  on  D'Ewes. 
Satiffied  as  to  purpofe  aimed  at :  to  find  excufe  for  armed  con- 
flift  with  Houfe.  Moves  and  carries  vote  to  that  efFeft,  329. 
Sheriffs  of  London  in  attendance.  Alked  as  to  Warrants.  One 
replies,  the  other  refufes.  Difference  between  Wilde  and 
D'Ewes.  Don't  fhout  "Aye"  or  "No,"  but  reflet  and 
confider,  330.  Againft  calling  in  Warrants.  Difcreet  tone 
as  to  the  King.  Refpeft  flill  due.  Touch  of  humour.  An 
ill  choice,  331.  Call  in  Sheriffs  and  difmifs  them.  Suggeftion 
adopted.  Motion  that  Five  Members  attend  Committee : 
diflikedby  D'Ewes:  carried.  King  meets  the  challenge,  332. 
Frefh  Proclamation  againft  accufed.     Unwife  courfe,  333. 

§  XXXV,    Second  Sitting  at  Grocers'  Hall.        .     333 — 338 

Text.  Saturday  ith  Jan.  Reply  of  Houfe  to  King's  Pro- 
clamation, 333.  Open  defiance  of  the  Sovereign.  Alarming 
News.  Step  taken  thereon.  Guard  ordered  for  the  Tower, 
334.  Seleftion  of  Commanding  Officer:  Major-General 
Skippon  :  charafter  and  fer\'ices,  335.  Named  chief  of  City 
Militia.  How  Authority  comes  into  being :  attends  upon 
Necelfity.  Order  for  pojfe  comitatus.  No  fuch  Guard  needed, 
336.  Committee  ignorant  of  their  power.  Triumph  pre- 
paring. Members  to  be  borne  back  by  the  People.  Propofal 
of  King  to  attend  Committee.  Its  reception,  337.  Due  re- 
fpe£l:  to  be  paid.  Way  to  be  made  for  King  and  Nobles,  338. 

Notes.  Importance  of  the  Tower.  Security  to  Merchants. 
Pym's  Great  Speech  to  the  Lords,  334..  Effeft  of  political 
troubles  on  trade.  Defence  of  the  Commons,  335. 
Skippon  and  his  Soldiers.   Liking  for  Short  Speeches,  336. 

§  XXXVI.     Sunday  the  Ninth  of  January    .         .     338 — 339 

Text.  Vifitors  in  City  Streets  and  Chapels.  Strangers  meeting 
as  Friends.  Petitioners  for  Pym,  338.  Petitioners  for  Hamp- 
den. Savoury  Difcourfes.  122nd  Pfalm.  Text  preached 
from,  339. 


xxvi  Contents. 

PAGE 

§  XXXVII.     Preparations  for  the  Triumph  .     340 — 356 

Text.  Monday  10th  Jan.    Laft  Sitting  in  Grocers'  Hall.   Crowds 
affembled.     Speeches  of  Glyn  and  Alderman  Pennington. 
Sufpefted    tamperings   at  the    Tower,    34.0.        Evidence    of 
danger.    "  Cavaliers."   Sub-committee  appointed,  and  Byron 
fummoned.     Motion  againft  Killegrew  and  Fleming,  341. 
Moderation    of   Committee.       Violent    Language    difliked. 
Refolutions  modified  and  pafTed  :  Againft  agents  on  T,rd  and 
4//;,  342.     Againft  evil   Counfellors  :  againft  Proclamations 
ifliied  ;  againft  warrants  under  King's  hand,  343.   Speech  by 
Maynard:  his  fellowfhip  with  Glyn.     Remembered  at   the 
Reftoration,  344.    His  prefent  view  of  Parliaments:  their  pri- 
vileges :  the  attempted  arreft :  and  the  unlawful  feizures,  345. 
All  public  bufinefs  in  peril.     "  Well  Moved."     Lords  and 
Bi/hops  uncontrolled.  Men  of  Spirit  difabled,  346.  Agitation 
cutfide.    Petition  of  Sailors.    Services  of  Mariners  accepted. 
To  meet  at  3   next  morning:  at  the  Hermitage,  347.     The 
*'  Water  rats."  The  Five  Members  approach.  Enter  and  take 
feats.     Greeting.     Off"ers  from   the  Common  People,    348. 
Thanked  by  Committee.     Offers  from  Southwark  Trained 
Bands.     Accepted  and  told  to  be  in  Arms,  349.     Proteftion 
of  Sub-Committee.       Arrangements  for  Tuefday's    Guard. 
Irrevocable  Step.     Raifing  troops  without  Commiffion,  350. 
Refolutions    voted.       ijl   znd  2^^  4-i^  5^^>  35 '•      6;//    to 
j7.t/i,  352.     Hampden  Speaks.     Will  you  receive  my  Con- 
ftituents  ?     4000  from  Bucks.     Better  go  back?     353.  No, 
we  will  hear  them.     War   beginning.     Hampden's   attitude 
and  bearing.     Laft  a6ts  of  Committee,  354.     Captain  Hide 
difabled,      Refufal  to  receive  Sir  John  Byron's  Meflenger, 
355.      3  p.m.   lot^  Jan.     Committee  clofed,  356. 
Notes.     Verney's  Notes,  343.     Mr.  Pepys's  Political  Rogues. 
Popular  View  of  them,  344.     D'Ewes  more  correft  than 
Ruftiworth,  347.    Harleian  MSS,  349.  Verney's  Miftakes. 
The    Proteftation,    351.      What    number   from  Bucks: 
Hyde,  Dering,  Rufliworth,  and  D'Ewes,  353.    Whitelock 
on  fame  fubjeft,  354.    Hampden's  ftiarein  Bucks  Petition. 
Falfe  Charge.     Captain  Hide.     New  Lieutenant  of  the 
Tower,  355.   Confefled  ufurpations.  Why  neceflary,  356. 

§  XXXVIII.     Flight  of  the  King    ....     356 — 369 

Text.  3  p.m.  joth  Jan"-,  propofed  Flight  of  King.  Afts 
of  Committee  told  to  Charles,  356.  His  trouble  and  difmay. 
Takes  fudden  refolve.  Crowds  for  Hampden.  For  Pym,  357. 
Alarming  defeftions,  358.  "  Water  rats."  Trained  Bands. 
Triumph  for  "Traitors."  Sudden  fenfe  of  Danger.  Sir 
Edward  Dering  to  his  Wife.  Commons  going  high.  King  s 
"terror."  Pity  for  the  King,  359.  Noted  vices  Tefs  danger- 
ous than  fecret.     Reafon   for   quitting   London.     Hope  of 


Contents.  xxvH 

PAGE 

fupport  elfewhere.  Projeft  of  the  Queen.   Vigilance  of  Com- 
mons, 360.    Secret  Service  of  Pennington.     Conveys  Queen 
to   Holland.      Under-Secretary  Bere  to  the  Admiral,   \-}^tk 
Jan.     Reports   King's   flight.       Eflex  and   Holland,    361. 
Secretary  Nicholas,  362.     Small  Work  left  for  Under-Secre- 
tary.    Grief  of  a  Secretary  of  State's  Wife.     Lord  Keeper 
offers  to  refign,  363.    Royal  Reverfes,  364.    Gloomy  pifture, 
365.  Slingfby  to  Pennington.  Unexpefted  change  of  pofition. 
Officers  following  the  King.       Lunfford  at  Kingfton,  366. 
"  Drunken  flourifh."     Sufpicious  AfTociations.     Digby  and 
Lunfford,  367.  Rejected  Plan  againft  Five  Members.   Queen's 
reproach  to  King  for  its  rejeftion.   Charles  I.  quits  London : 
never  to  return  as  King,  368.     The  Five  placed  on  their 
"  thrones,"  369. 
Notes.     Popular  Petition.    Pym's  fupport  of  Law.   Author  of 
the  Long  Parliament,  357.     Attacks  on  Pym.     "Not  a 
Gentleman  or  Scholar."   "Rogue  and  Rafcal."     "Peni- 
tent Traitor,"  358.     Refufals  to  accompany  the  King. 
Waiting  on   Committee.     Final  Defertions.     Libel  on 
Eflex,  Holland,  Warwick,  and  Pym,  362.     D'Ewes  and 
Lord  Holland.     King's  flight  not  temporary.     Union  in 
Houfes,  363.    Literary  Entertainment.     Letters  not  fafe, 
Defolate  Court  at  Windfor.     Endymion  Porter  to   his 
Wife:     \^h  Jan.      Very    old   fl:ory,    364.      Troubles 
of  a  Courtier.     Fear  of  "  Rabble."     King  and  Queen 
lying  with   their    Children.     Defperate    times.     King's 
poverty,     Slingfljy  and  Pepys,  365.     Captain  Carterett, 
366.     Agreement  in  Houfes.     One  exception.     Faftion 
fubfiding,    367.     Guizot's  Re'volution   d'Jngleterre,   and 
Englifti  Tranflation  of  fame,  368,  369. 

§  XXXIX.     Return  of  the  Five  Members      .        .     369 — 376 

Text.  Tuefday  11/^  Jan.  March  of  City  by  Land.  Guard 
by  Water.  Great  Fefliival.  No  mere  Holiday,  369.  Soldiers' 
pikes  and  muflcets :  carrying  printed  Votes  of  Houfes.  Em- 
barkation at  "  Three  Cranes."  Under-Secretary's  Account, 
370.  Welcome  at  Weft:minfter.  Entrance  into  Houfe.  Pym 
thanks  the  City.  Striking  expreflions  ufed,  371.  Impreflion 
made  on  Royalift  Member.  Would  you  be  King  Charles  or 
King  Pym  ?  Letter  of  Sir  Edward  Dering.  Guard  againft  no 
Enemy.  Members  thought  fl:ill  in  danger,  372.  Why  Bucks 
Men  came.  Thanks  by  Mr.  Speaker.  Speech  by  Goodwin, 
373.  Bucks  Petition  brought  in.  Its  Guard  of  6000. 
Crowd  and  preflure  in  Lobby.  D'Ewes  in  Weft;minfter  Hall. 
"Little  fquare  banners,"  374.  Departure  of  King  noted. 
Queftion  by  Culpeper.  Queftion  by  Sir  Henry  Chomley. 
Anfwered  by  Denzil  Hollis.  Clofe  of  Narrative,  375. 
Queft:ions  not  fettled  in  one  Generation.  Struggle  of  Com- 
mons againft  Crown  :  why  fticceflful,  376. 


xxviii  Contents. 

PAGE 
Notes.     What  Clarendon   faw,    370.      Bere  to  Pennington, 
iph  Jan"-,  111.     Bucks  Petition  to  the  Houfe.    Views 
held    by   Hampden.      Petition    to   King,    373.     Other 
Counties  petition  the  King,  374, 

§  XL.     Conclusion 376 — 387 

text.  Arreftof  Members  a  deliberate  A61,  How  baffled.  Only 
to  be  met  one  way,  376.  The  Civil  War  begun  by  it.  Its 
connexion  with  Remonftrance.  Defign  of  Remonftrance. 
Objeft  of  Arreft:  to  make  the  Minority  mafters  of  the  Houfe. 
Improbable  cafe,  377.  Peculiar  Opinions  of  King.  Nullity 
of  Statutes  in  bar  of  Prerogative.  All  recent  Afts  in  peril. 
Aflent  under  compulfion  void.  Dangerous  Logic,  378. 
Pofition  of  Accufer  to  Accufed.  Refufal  to  profecute  or 
withdraw  charge.  "  Vindication  "  of  Pym.  Why  he  changed 
his  conduft  after  Arreft,  379.  Parliament  his  only  Refuge. 
Traitor  or  Minifter  ?  King  will  do  anything  but  withdraw 
charge.  Will  waive  Impeachment :  hopes  Mr.  Hampden  is 
innocent:  Will  indift  at  Common  Law,  380.  Will  abandon 
all  proceedings:  will  give  general  Pardon:  But  nothing  elfe. 
Attorney-General  impeached  and  puniftied.  King  ftill  im- 
moveable. One  of  the  Oxford  proportions,  381.  The  Earl 
and  the  King.  Strong  ground  for  difcontent :  ftated  by  White- 
lock,  382.  Clarendon's  defence  of  Charles.  The  truth 
mifftated :  as  a  ground  for  aflailing  Commons.  Doubtful 
afl'ertion  of  Whitelock,  383.  Probable  efFe6t  of  withdrawing 
charge.  EfFe6V  of  King's  obftinate  refufal.  Perfiftence  in  the 
outrage.  Interval  for  good  Advice.  Good  Advifers  provided, 
384.  Refult  upon  the  King.  Events  between  ^h  and 
^th  Jan.  4/^  p.m.  Proclamation  againft  Members,  ^th 
a.m.  King's  Warrants  and  Vifits  to  Guildhall.  5/^  p.m. 
Second  Proclamation,  385.  6th  a.m.  Serjeant  fent  to  arreft. 
•jth  a.m.  Common  Council  Petition.  %th  a.m.  New  Minifters 
at  Council  Board.  Same  day  :  Third  Proclamation  againft 
Members  ;  and  private  order  from  Council  Board,  386.  No 
middle  courfe  pofTible.  Acceptance  of  iflue  raifed.  Civil 
War,  387. 

Notes.     Paper  War.     Blunt  better  than  keen  nib.     Burleigh 
and  Cecil.    Too  clever  Clerk  of  Council,  383. 


ARREST   OF 

THE    FIVE    MEMBERS    BY 
CHARLES   THE    FIRST. 

A  CHAPTER   OF  ENGLISH   HISTORY  REWRITTEN. 


§  I.  Introductory. 

One  of  the  moft  fatal  days  in  the  life   of  Anat- 
Charles    the    Firft    is    generally,    and  juftly,  [^J^f^  ^' 
accounted  to  have  been  that  wherein  he  made  author : 
the  attempt  to  feize  with  his  own  hand  upon 
five  members  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons  fitting 
in  their  places  in  Parliament,  againft  whom,  on 
the    day   preceding,   he  had  exhibited   in  the 
Upper  Houfe,  through  his  Attorney-General, 
articles  of  impeachment  for  high  treafon.    This 
incident,  however,  with  its  attendant  circum- 
ftances,  having  become,  in  common  with  the 
events  immediately  preceding  it,  the  fubjedl  of 
Lord  Clarendon's  moft  elaborate,  ingenious, 
and  ftudied  mifreprefentation,  the  true  hiftory  Party  mif- 
of  it  remains  to  be  elicited  from  truftworthy,  [aSons  of 
and  as  yet  unpublifhed,  contemporary  records,  i'j 


2  Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

Not  an  It  was  certainly  not  the  ifolated  ad  of  rafh 

aft.  imprudence  and  felf-willed  indifcretion  which 

the  champion  of  the  party    whom  its  failure 
mod   damaged  very   naturally   defired  that  it 
fhould   afterwards  be  confidered.     It  was  at- 
tended  by   too  many  incidents    befpeaking  a 
deliberate  and  fettled  purpofe,  and  came  in  the 
fequence  of  events  with  which   it  too  exactly 
correfponded,  to  permit  us  fairly  fo  to  confider 
it.      The   author   of  it,  confiftently  enough, 
always  himfelf  refented  that  imputation  ;  and 
Dramatic   it  is  with  a  ftrid  dramatic  propriety  he  is  made, 
ofThe  "^  ^  ^y  ^^  writer  of  the  Eikon  Baftlike ^  to  afcribe 
Eilcon       the  a6l  not  to  pafllon  but  to  reafon,   to  claim 

Bafilike.      .      .    .    ^  r  .  ,  , 

ror  It  juit  motives  and  pregnant  grounds,  and 
to  refcue  it  from  the  reproach  of  being  want- 
ing in  the  difcreetnefs  that  the  touchinefs  of 
the  times  required.  It  was  moft  afTuredly 
in  only  too  perfed:  agreement  with  all  that 
the  King  and  the  King's  friends  had  hzzw 
attempting  fince  the  day  of  Strafford's  execu- 
tion. The  earlier  period,  with  its  clofe  fuccef- 
fion  of  agitating  conflids,  has  been  retraced  in 
an  Effay  defcribing  the  Debates  on  the  Grand 
Remonftrance ;  *  but  fome  few  gleanings  in  the 
field  remain  yet  to  be  gathered,  and  will  find 
here  their  proper  place. 
Author!-       The  authorities  to  be  employed  in  the  pre- 

tiesforthis  ,  n       r      i  -n- 

Narrative,  fent    narrative,  all  of  them    exifting    ftill    in 

*  Yox'ktx\  Hijlorical  and  Biographical  E(fays,  I.  i — 175. 


§  I.     IntroduElory .  3 

manufcript,  have  not  before  been  ufed   in  any 
of  the  hiftories ;  and  it  may  be  premifed,  as  to  MS.  Illuf- 
feveral  important  illuftrations  of  the  time  and 
many  new  fadls  of  much  weight,  derived  from 
contemporary  correfpondence  in  the  State  Paper 
Office,*  that  among  the   letters  to   be  earHeft 
quoted  are  feveral  addreffed   to  Admiral  Sir 
John  Pennington,   then  commanding  the  fleet 
in  the  Downs,  by  correfpondents  evidently  able 
and    generally     truftworthy,    notwithftanding 
ftrong  Royalift  leanings.     Penningtonf  was  a  Admiral 
favorite  of  the  King's,  and  within  a  very  few  J^^^  "'"^" 
weeks  was  to  do  him  two  memorable  pieces  of 
fervice,  by  carrying  acrofs  channel  out  of  the 
reach   of  Parliament   not  only   Loiyi  Digby, 
but  the  Queen  and  the  Englifh  crown  jewels, 

*  Let  me  take  the  opportunity  of  faying,  upon  the  thref-  Services  to 
hold  of  this  work,  that  it  could  not  have  been  written  with-  Enelilh 
out  the  facilities  of  accefs  to  the  State  Paper  Office  afforded  Hiftorv 
by  the  kindnefs  of  Sir  John  Romilly,   to  whom   I  offer  my  rendered 
warmeft  acknowledgments.       Of  the  larger  debt  which  all  ^y  Sir 
ftudents  of  our  hiftory  owe  to  theprefent  Mafter  of  the  Rolls,  John 
it  would  hardly  be  becoming  to  Ipeak  in  this  place;  but  it  is  Romilly. 
due  entirely  to  him  that  the  noble  ftores  of  our  State  collec- 
tions are  now  becoming  accefTible  to  all  readers,  and  that  in 
the  double  feries  of  "  Calendars,^'  and  of  "  Chronicles  and 
Memorials"  publifhed   by   the   MelTrs.   Longman  under   his 
direftion,  we  have  the  promife  ot  an  ultimate  contribution  to 
our  National  Hiftory  which  Englifhmen  will  be  able  to  refer 
to  with  juft  pride,  as  unfurpafTcd  for  its  variety  and  richnefs 
of  materiel,  and  for  the  thoughtful  confideration  which,  by 
the  moderate  price  the  volumes  are  iffued  at,  has  placed  them 
within  general  reach. 

f  Clarendon's  Hift.  ii.  277,  334.-6,  and  iii.  98,  107.  The 
hiftorian  fays  of  Pennington  that  he  was  a  very  honeft  gentle- 
man, and  of  unfhaken  truthfulnefs  and  integrity  to  the  King  ; 
adding  that  he  had  a  greater  intereft  in  the  common  feamen 
than  any  other  perfon,  having  commanded  them  lb  many 
years. 

13   2 


4  Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

to  be  employed  abroad  in  raifing  materiel  and 

means  for  the  waging  of  civil  war  at  home. 

Penning-   A  few  months  later,  upon  difmiflal  of  Lord 

pointed  to  Northumberland,  the  King  had  secretly  made 

Lord^Nor  P^^^i^^g^oJ^  Lord  Admiral,  but  the  appoint- 

thumber-   ment   was   fuperfeded  by    Parliament.       His 

prefent  pofition  in  command  of  the  home  fleet 

rendered  it  extremely  efTential  that  he  fhould 

be  kept   well-informed   of   events ;    and  one 

Captain     of  his  Captains,   Robert  Slingfby,    brother  of 

brothe/of  Strafford's  friend  and  fecretary,  feems  to  have 

Strafford's  come  to  London  mainly  with  this  defign. 

Writing  on  the  day  of  his  own  and  of  the 
King's  arrival  there  (the  25th  of  November), 
"  from  my  lodging  at  a  barber's  houfe  over 
^^  againfl  the  Rofe  Tavern,  in  RufTell  Street 
"  in  Covent  Garden,"  Slingfby  thus  tells  the 
Admiral  the  great  parliamentary  news  :  * 
relates       cc  'pj^g  bufincfs  now  in  agitation  is  a  Remon- 

theParlia- 

mentary  "  ftrancc  to  be  publifhed,  wherein  the  ftate 
aThNov  "  °^  ^^^  kingdom,  before  the  Parliament,  is 
1 641,  "  fett  down,  and  the  Reformations  fince : 
all  matters  of  ftate  and  government,  fince 
the  King's  coming  to  the  crowne,  being 
ript  up  :  as  fome  fay,  very  much  refleding 
"  upon  the  King.  On  Monday  laft  it  was  very 
"  hottly  debated  (in)  the  Houfe,  with  greate 
"  oppofition:  fome  making  proteftationsagainft 

*  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  Slingfby  to  Pennington,  25th 
Nov.  1641.  I  follow  the  ordinary  mode  of  fpelling  the  name, 
though  the  writer  always  fubfcrlbes  himfelf  "Slynglbie." 


cc 

cc 


^  I.     IntroduElory.  5 

"  It :  it  held  almoft  all  the  night.    At  laft  being  a  night- 

*'  voted,  it  was  carried  for  the  Remonftrance,  ^°^|j^ 

"  by  eleven  voices  :  yett  they  have  fince  fallen 

"  upon  itt  againe,  and  have  mittigated  fome 

**  thinges  which  occafioned  greateft  oppofition 

**  to  it ;  yett  doth   it  not  paffe  freely  them 

"  who  befor  oppugned  it." 

It  was  hardly  furprifing  that  it  fliould  not, 
confidering  how  much  was  at  ftake.     Every 
inch  of  ground  was  contefted.      Alfo  writing 
on  the  fame  25th  of  November,  Mr.   Sidney  Sidney 
Bere,  who  (having  charge  of  the  foreign  dif-  under 
patches)  had  been  in  attendance  on  the  King  Secretary 
in  Scotland,  and  who  obtained  employment  as 
Under   Secretary   upon   the  appointment    of 
Nicholas  (on  Monday  the  29th  November)  as 
principal   Secretary    of   State,  makes    fimilar 
allufion  to  the  grand  intelligence  of  the  day, 
and  in  a  tone  which  {hows  his  nearer  acquaint- 
ance not  alone  with  public  affairs,  but  with  thofe 
to  whom  their  guidance  was  entrufted  :   "  For 
**  the   bufinefs  of  the   Houfes  of  Pari*,  they 
"  have  been  in  greate  debates  about  a  Remon- 
"  ftrance,  w*^**  the  Houfe  of  Commons  framed, 
"  fhowing  the  grievances  and  abufes  of  many 
"  yeares  paft  :  the  conteftation  now  is  how  to  defcribes 
"  publifh  it,  whether  in  print  to  the  publick  ^'PPp"^;!" 
"  view,  or  by  petition  to  his  Majefty.     It  was  ing  the 
"  foe  equally  carried  in  a  divifion  of  opinions,  ftrance. 
"that  there   were    but   11    voices  different: 
**  this  day  is  a  great  day  about  it,  but  what  y«* 


6  Arrefl  of  the  Five  Members. 

Fears  of  "  event  will  be  I  fhail  not  be  able  to  write  you 
lewie.  cc  by  ^.]-jjg  ordinary.  It  feems  there  are  great 
"  divifions  betweene  the  two  Houfes,  and  even 
"  in  the  Commons  Houfe,  w'*"  if  not  fuddenly 
"  reconciled  may  caufe  very  great  diftradions 
*'  amongfl:  us.  It's  the  fear  of  many  wife  and 
"  well-wifhing  men,  who  apprehend  great 
"  diftempers,  w'''*  I  pray  God  to  divert."* 

So  defperate  was  the  ftruggle  between  forces 
not  fo   unequally  matched  as  hiftorians   have 
Narrow     fuppofed  ;  and  the  refult  thus  far  was,  that  the 
in^Hou'fr  P^r'^y  which  attempted  a  readion  in  favor  of 
of  Com-    the    King  had  been  defeated  by  this  narrow 
majority.     But    other  confiderations  ftill  hung 
in  the   balance.     It  remained  to  be  feen,   on 
the  one  hand  to  what  ufes   the  vi6lory  would 
be  turned,   on  the  other  what  yet  might   be 
done  to  mitigate   the  confequences  of  defeat. 
While  the  ftruggle  was   at   its  height,  Charles 
was  on  his  way  back  from  Scotland ;  having  fent 
before  him  the  mofl;  urgent  injundtions  that 
until  his  arrival  at  leaft  the   conflid:  was  to  be 
prolonged.     Three  days  before  he  appeared  at 
Whitehall  the  Remonftrance  had  been   voted 
by  its    majority    of  eleven.     Still    there  were 
queftions  to   be   raifed  in  connedion  with  it, 
Conflia     and  ftill,  as  we  have  feen,  the  conteft  was  con- 
continued,  tinued^     Charles  was  hardly  lefs  eager  that  the 
terrible    record    of  his    paft    mifgovernment 

*  MS.    State    Paper   Office.       Sidney    Bere   to   Admiral 
Pennington,  25th  Nov.  1641. 


§  I.     Introdu£iory.  y 

fKould  not  be  prefented  to  him,  than  he  had 
been  that  it  fliould  not  be  pafled  ;  and,  after 
it  was  prefented,  it  became  the  great  objedt  of 
himfelf  and  his  friends  to  obftrudl  its  pubHca- 
tion. 

On  the  1 6th  of  December,  Captain  Slingfby  Firft  great 
writes  to  Admiral   Pennington:    "  Yefterday  mentary 
'  the  Houfe  of  Commons  fell  upon  thcRemon-  dmfions. 
'  ftrance  w'^^'  they  had  formerly   prefented  to 
'  the  King  with  a  petition  ;  but   had  received 
'  no  anfwer.     It  was  hottly  debated,  whether 

*  it  fhould  be  printed  or  nott :  it  helde  them 

*  very  late  in  the  nighte  :  at  lafl:  being  voted, 

*  it  was  carried  by  many  voices  to  be  printed  : 
'  yett  fo  as  thofe  were  about  a  hundred  w"*"  did 

'  proteft  againft   it,  w"'  a  caution  if  it  were  Protefting 
'  not  contrary  to  the  orders  of  the  Houfe,  difference. 
'  and  defired  their  names  might  be  printed  w'^ 
'  the    Remonftrance :     that    caution    was    to 

*  avoid  the  penaltie  of  Mr.  Palmer,  who  was 
'  before  comitted  for  protefting  againft  it. 
'  It  was  after  debated,  whether  to  proteft 
^  againft  anything  that  is  voted  in  the  Houfe, 

*  be  not  contrary  to  the  orders  of  the  Houfe : 
'  and  it  is  thought  by  fome  that  fome  of  the 
'  protefters  will  be  queftioned  for  it."* 

A  fortnight  before  this  date,  another  friend,  Mr.  Tho- 
Mr.  Thomas  Wifeman,  a  man  of  confiderable  JJJ^^  ^^^  ^' 
wealth  and  influence,   had  written  in   fimilar  Admiral 

*  MS.  State  Paper  Office.     Slingfby  to  Pennington,  i6th 
Dec.  1641. 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 
Penning-  ftj-ain  to  the  Admiral  of  Palmer's  imprifon- 

ton,  and  _  ,  .  .   , 

Dec.1641.  ment.      He  defcribed,  in  a  few  lines    which 
exprefs  exactly  the  nature  and  weight  of  the 
offence  Palmer  had  given,  and  which  Clarendon 
has   laboured    fo  ingenioufly   to  conceal,  the 
a6l  that  brought  with  it  the  *' penalty"  referred 
Palmer's    to  by  Slingfby.*     "  Mr.  Palmer,  the  lawyer, 
and  pun-   "  was  fent  three  days  agoe  to  the  Tower,  becaufe 
ilhment.    it  j^gg  ^vas  the  firft  man  that  defired  to  have 
"  his  Proteflation  entered  Againft  the  Remon- 
"  ftrance  in  the  name  of  All  The  Reft."     In  the 
fame  letter  Mr.  Wifeman,  adverting  to  matters 
connected  with  the  Remonftrance  and  making 
a  curious  miftake  as  to  the  day  of  the  great 
,    debate   (which   was  Monday    the  22nd,    not 
Thurfday  the  i8th  of  November),  gives  us  a 
glimpfe  of  the  temperate  hopes  too  fanguinely 
expreffed  by   the   Admiral    himfelf :    "  This 
"  Parliament,   as  you   obferve,    I   hope  may 
Abfentees  "  prove  more   temperate  ;  if  foe  bee  all  the 
Houfes.^    "  memb"   of    the    Houfes    were    fure   mett 
"  together :  but  I  prefume  they  have  already 
**  don  their  worft;    the  Remonftrance  being 
"  finiftied  uppon  Friday  was  fennight,  when 
"  the  Houfe  of  Comons  did  fit  debating  of 
"  the  matf  therein  contayned  from  three  of 
•*  the  clock  in  the  afternoone  on  Thurfday  till 
1  "  Friday  morning  at  three  of  the  clock  ;  and 

"  beeing   putt  to  the  queftione   whether   the 
"  Remonftrance  fhould  procede  or  not,  there 

•  See  Hiji,  and  Biog.  EJfays,  \.  117- 13 2. 


§  I.     Introdu£iory .  9 

'  was  159  perfons  for  itt  and  148  againft  it.  Thema- 
'  And  this  very  day  it  brought  the  King  to  {"^yj/^ 
^  towne,  it  being  prefented   unto  him  w'*"  a 
^  petition    thereunto    annexed   yeafterday    at 
'  Hampton  Courte :  what  the  fequel  will  bee 
'  of  it,  a  little  tyme  and  patienfe  will  inform 
^  us.     But  there  was  never  more  heate  in  both  Never 
'  the  Houfes  then  att  prefent:  God  fend  them  IJ^p^J^i-^! 
'  better  at  unitie  whereby  we  may  enjoy  fairer  ment  than 
'hopes  of  peace  and  tranquillitie,,  and   thepec.'i64i. 
'  King  to  Ibyne  out  w*^^  as  much  brightnefs 
'  and  fplendor  as  heretofore  he  hath  done."  * 

A  hope,  alas,  with  fmall  chance  of  realiza- 
tion after  the  vote  of  the  15  th  of  December 
by  which  the  Remonftrance  was  placed  in  the 
hands  of  the  people.  But,  difcomfited  in  this 
diredlion  alfo,  a  final  ftand  was  neverthe- 
lefs  to  be  made,  and  a  final  defeat  to  be 
encountered,  upon  the  monftrous  affumption 
of  a  right  in  the  Minority  to  enter  formal  Minority 
proteft  againft  the  feries  of  votes  it  had  itfelf  a^gahSi 
been  fuceffively  out-voted  in  refifting.  That  Majority, 
was  on  the  20th  December :  and  within  a  fort- 
night after  its  date,  as  the  fuccefsful  leaders 
fat  in  their  places  in  the  Houfe  (the  interval 
having  witneffed  a  defpairing  effort,  hitherto 
unknown  and  unfufpe<5ted,  to  win  over  Pym 
to  the  Court  by  a  large  and  lucrative  employ- 
ment), the  attempt  was  made  to  feize  them. 

•  MS     State    Paper    Office.      Wifeman  to  Pennington, 
and  Dec.  1641. 


lo  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members, 

th^firft^  Such  were  the  ftages  of  a  conflid,  through- 
ftruggleofout  Very  fteadily  maintained,  of  which  the 
mentary  o^ijed  on  one  fide  was  to  uphold,  and  on  the 
Party  in  other  to  overthrow,  the  legitimate  adion  of 
the  Houfe  of  Commons.  Was  it  poffible  that 
the  long  and  hard  fought  battle  fhould  have 
had  a  more  confiftent  clofe  ?  It  began  in  a 
fecret  projed  to  overawe  the  Majority  by 
bringing  up  the  army  to  Weftminfter.  It  was 
continued  through  a  fuccefllon  of  organized 
efforts  to  defraud  the  Majority  of  its  lawful 
powers  by  the  pretence  of  unlawful  con- 
ftraints.  And  it  was  to  be  ended,  furely  with 
no  inappropriatenefs,  after  a  fecret  and  fuccefT- 
lefs  effort  to  bribe  with  place  the  mofl  diftin- 
guifhed  of  the  leaders  of  the  Majority,  by  an 
attempt  openly  to  flrike  them  down.  To  what 
extent  in  this  the  King  adted  alone,  or  with 
the  advice  and  countenance  by  which  he  had 
profited  in  every  other  flage  of  the  flruggle, 
it  will   be  one  of  the   objedls   of  this  EfTay  to 

endeavour  to  develope. 

* 
§  II.  The  King's  Return  from  Scotland. 

Aflertlons  It  is  repeatedly  afferted  by  Lord  Clarendon 
dom^^''""  that  Lord  Digby  was  Charles  the  Firft's  only 
advifer  in  his  refolve  himfelf  to  effed  the 
arrefi  of  the  five  members  ;  but  in  imply- 
ing that  the  rafh  ad  had  the  difapproval  of 
the  more  legitimate  advifers  of  the  Sovereign, 
he   nowhere  alTerts   that   the  articles  of  im- 


^  II.     The  King's  Return  from  Scotland.  ii 

peachment,  of  which  it  was  but  the  too  hafty 
and   violent   aflertion,    were  in  their  opinion 
unjuft.     It  would  be  hazardous  to  affirm  of  The  two 
the  King's  attempt  of  the  4th   of  January,  of  S'srd 
that  it  was  a  more  flagrant  violation  of  law  ^°^  4th 

o  January, 

and  privilege  than  his  attempt  by  means  of 
his  Attorney-General  on  the  previous  day ;  yet, 
remembering  that    Falkland  became  a  Privy 
Councillor  only  two  days  before,  and  five  days  New  State 
later  received  the  feals  of  a  Secretary  of  State,  ments: 
that    Culpeper  fat  as  Chancellor  of  the  Ex- 
chequer on  the  day  Falkland  was  fworn  of 
the  Privy  Council,  and  that  Hyde  had  been 
offered    concurrently    the    office    of    Solicitor 
General, — keeping   in    mind,  moreover,   that 
the    perfon  chiefly  inflrumental   in    bringing 
about    all    thefe    promotions    is   admitted    by  advlfed 
Clarendon  to  have  been  Lord  Digby  himfelf,*  Digby. 
— it  would  be  ftiil  more  difficult  to  believe  that 
the  ad  of  the  Attorney-General,  and  the  pro- 

•  Clarendon   expreflly    informs  ns   {Jiift.  ii.    99,    100), 
"  The  Loid   Digby  was  much  trufted  by  the  King,  and  he 
"  was  of  great  familiarity  and  friendfhip  with  the  other  three, 
*'  (Hyde,  Culpeper,  and  Falkland),  at  leaft  with  two  of  them  : 
"  for  he  was  not  a  man  ot  that  exaftnels  as  to  be  in  the 
''  entire  confidence  of  the  Lord  Falkland,  who  looked  upon 
"  his  infirmities  with  more  feverity  than   the  other  two  did 
"...  He  was  equal  to  a  very  good  part  in   the  greateft 
"  affair,  but  the  unfitted  man  alive  to  conduft  it,  having  an  Lord  Dig- 
"  ambition  and  vanity  fuperior  to  all  his  other  parts,  and  a  by's 
'*  confidence  in  himlelf,  which  fometimes  intoxicated,   and  friend- 
'*  tranfportfcd,   and  expofed    him  ...  He  had  been  inftru-  (hips. 
"  mental  in  promoting  the  three  perfons  above  mentioned  to 
'*  the  King's  favour;  and  had   himfdf,  in  truth,  fo  great  an 
"  efteem  of   them,  that  he  did  very  frequently,  upon  con- 
"  ference  together,  depart  from  his    own  inclinations    and 
"  opinions,  and  concurred  in  theirs." 


12  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

A  queftion  ceeding  with  which  the  King  followed  it  up, 

for  er 
quiry 


with  whatever  feelings  regarded  after  the  event 


by  thefe  men,  could  have  been  taken  in  the  firft: 
inftance   abfolutely  without  their  knowledge, 
or  even  their  fufpicion.     There  is  ground  for 
believing  otherwife  ;  and  even  if  nothing  more 
than  a  cafe  of  ftrong  prefumption  be  proved, 
it  ought  in  the  particular  circumftances  to  tell 
Sufpicions  heavily  againft  them.     That  they  were  more 
pSidand   ^^^"  fufpedled  at  the  time.  Clarendon  admits ; 
Culpeper  and  he  adds  that  though  fuch  men  as  Hampden 
^  ^"  and  Pym  had  a  better  opinion  of  his  difcretion 
than  to  believe  he  had  himfelf  any  fhare  in  the 
advice  of   thofe  proceedings,    yet   they  were 
very  willing  that  others  fhould   believe   it.* 
Perhaps  the  real  difficulty  was,  as  the  fads 
may  tend  to  fhow,  not  to  believe  it. 
Charges         The  King  had  returned  from  Scotland,  there 
againft      cannot  be  a  queftion,  bent  upon  charging  Pym 
Hampden,  and  Hampden  with  treafonable  correfpondence 
during  the   Scotch  Rebellion.     Unfortunately 
The  for    Charles   the  Firft,   it  was    almoft   always 

^'"^f      matter  of  doubt  with  him  whether  he  ftiould 

way  or 

dealing  crufti  or  cajole  an  antagonift;  and  fuch  was 
nts?^^°'  his  vice  of  temperament  that  whichever 
refolve  he  might  finally  take,  was  fure  to 
be  taken  too  late.  He  tried  the  one  too  late 
to  deftroy  the  league  for  the  Covenant  in 
Scotland,  he  tried  the  other  too  late  to  fave 

•  Life,  i.  103. 


wi 

nents, 


§  II.     I^he  King's  Return  from  Scotland.  13 

the  life  of  Strafford  in  England.*     And  now,  Crufhing 
even  while  bent   upon  fattening  a  charge  of°[jj^"      ' 
treafon  againft  the  popular  leaders,  bafed  upon  always  too 
the  fame  tranfadtions  as  thofe  which  fuggefted 
a  fimilar  charge  at  the  eve  of  the  Long  Par- 
liament, I   fhall  be    able  to  fhow  that  even 
now  there  again  occurred  to  him,  and  again 
too  late^  that  it  might  be  pofTible  to  win  by 
ftratagem  f    what  he   could   not    but    fA:retly 
diftruft  his  power  to  win  by  force.     Of  courfe 
with  the  ufual  refult.    When  a  weak  irrefolution 

*  Hear  what  is  faid  by  Clarendon  :   "  If  that  ftratagem  Stratagem 
"  (though  none  of  the  beft)   of  winning  men  by  places  had  ofwinning 
"  been  pra6lifed  as  foon  as  the  refolution  was  taken  at  York  men  by 
"  to  call  a  parliament  (in  which,  it  was  apparent,  dangerous  places. 
"  attempts  would  be  made,  and  that  the  court  could  not  be 
"  able   to   refift  those   attempts),     and    if   Mr.   Pym,    Mr, 
"  Hampden,  and  Mr,  HoUis,  had  been  then  preferred  with 
"  Mr.  Saint-John,  before  they  were  defperately  embarked  in 
"  their  defperate  defigns,  and  had  innocence  enough  about 
**  them  to  truft  the  King,  and  be  trufted  by  him,  having  yet 
'*  contracted  no  perfonal  animofities  againft  him  j  it  is  very 
"  pofllble  that  they  might  either  have  been  made  inrtruments 
"  to  have  done  good  fervice,  or  at  leaft  been  reftiaincd  from 
'*  endeavouring  to  fubvert  the  royal  building,  for  fupporting 
"  whereof  they  were  placed   as   principal   pillars."      HiJ}. 
ii,  60,      In  another  paftage  of   his   hiftory  (iv.  438-9),  he 
tells  us  :    **  The  King  at  one  time  intended  to  make  Mr.  Pym  Offers  to 
"  Chancellor  of  the   Exchequer,   for  which  he  received  his  Pym. 
"  Majefty's  promife,  and  made  a  return  of  a  fuitable  profefRon 
"  of   his  fei-vice  and  devotion  :    and   thereupon,   the   other 
"  being  no  fecret,  fomewhat  declined  from   that  ftiarpnefs  in 
"  the    Houfe  which  was  more   popular   than   any  man's." 
But  again  elfewhere  he  admits,   ftill    speaking  of  the  pro-  Xheir 
pofal  to  give  office  to  Pym   and   Hampden  :    "  It  is  great  non- 
♦•  pity  that  it  was  not  fully  executed,  that  the  King  might  acceptance 
"have  had  fome  able  men  to  have  advifed  or  afllftcd  him."  regretted 

'•371.  ,  ,  by  Hyde. 

f  That,  as  has  juft  been  feen,  is  Clarendon's  expreflion 
applied  to  the  King's  mode  of  procedure  (ii.  60) — "  the 
"  ftratagem  of  winning  men  by  places."  He  had  himfelf 
fufficient  experience  of  it. 


14  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

prevents  a  man  from  doing  at  the  right  time 

what  is  right,  obftinacy  (which  is  but  another 

form  of  the  fame  weaknefs  and  equally  inac- 

cefTible    to  reafon)   will    always    confirm    and 

make  him  obdurate  in  whatever  he  may  have 

ultimately  done  wrong. 

Treafon-        Ominous  threatenings  of  that  purpofe  of  the 

fpondence  ^^"g  ^^  revive  the  charge  of  treafonable  cor- 

of  Englifti  refpondence  with  the  Scotch  againft  Hampden 

members  \  i     i    i  •  r  o 

with         and  rym,  had  preceded  his  return  from  Scot- 

fe'befs'^       land ;  and  that  it  was  known  to  thofe  admitted 

to  his  confidence,    no  well-informed    ftudent 

of  this  period   of  hiftory  will   be  difpofed  to 

doubt.     When  Clarendon,  therefore,  fpeaking 

for  himfelf  and  his  friends  as  having  with  the 

greateft  courage  and  alacrity  oppofed  what  he 

terms,    "all    the   feditious  pradlices  "  of  the 

leaders  of  the   Commons,  proceeds  to  admit 

that  they  were  far  from  thinking  that  the  five 

Claren-      members  were  much  wronged*  by  the  accu- 

opinion     fatJon  of  treafon  ;   nay,  that   fo  vifible  in  the 

of  the  five  Houfe  had  been  their  extreme  difhoneft  arts,t 

acculed.  .' 

that  nothing  could  have  been  laid  to  their 
charge  incredible,  only  they  thought  it  an 
unfeafonable  time  to  call  them  to  account  for 
it ;  and  that,  in  regard  to  the  choice  of  perfons, 
it  was  indifcreet  to  have  included  Lord  Kim- 
bolton  with  the  members  of  the  Lower  Houfe, 

*   Hijl.  ii.  1 60. 

f  This  word  is  incorreftly  printed  "  a6ts  "  by  Clarendon's 
editors. 


^  II.     The  King's  Return  from  Scotland.  15 

— It  would  feem  tolerably  certain  that  he  carries  Klmbol- 
his  affedlation  of  ignorance  fomewhat  too  far.*  scotch 
KImbolton  was    included    notorioufly  becaufe  Com- 

r  y  '  1     o    •        I  •  -miflioner: 

or  his  conduct  in  the  previous  year  as  one  or 
the  CommifTioners  "  to  arran2;e  all  caufes  of 
"  difpute  with  Scotland,"  and  becaufe  of  the 
impoflibiiity  of  ftating  the  alleged  cafe  againft 
Hampden  or  Pym  without  involving  Kim- 
bolton  alfo. 

There  are  feveral  pafTages  In  Charles's  fecret  narrowly 
correfpondence  with  Secretary  N  Icholas,  during  ^y^he^ 
his  abfence  in  Scotland,  which  fhow  with  what  Court, 
eager  curiofity  the  doings  of  Kimbolton  were 
watched    at    the   time.     Lady    Carlifle,    who.  Lady 
though   ftill  continuing    her  intercourfe  with  inter- 
the  Court,  appears  undoubtedly  after  Strafford's  ^^^f\  . 
death,  for  reafons  hereafter  to  be  noticed,  to  parties, 
have  given  what  help  fhe  could  to  the  popular 

*  "The  purpofe,"  fays  Clarendon  {Hiji.  ii.  128,  T29),  "of 
"  accufing   the  members   was  only  conlulted    between    the  Secret 
"  King  and  Lord  Digby  ;  yet  it  was  generally  believed  that  consulta- 
"  the  King's  purpofe  of  going  to  the  Houfe  wa^  communi-  tions. 
"  cated   with    William    Murray   of  the   Bedchamber,  with 
"  whom  tlie  Lord  Digby  had  great  friendlhip  ;  and  thit  it 
"  was  betrayed  by  him  ....  He  [Lord  Digby]  was  the 
"  only  perfon  who  gave  the  counfel,  named  the  perlons,  and 
"  particularly  named  the  Lord   Mandeville,  againft  whom 
"  lefs  could  be  faid  than  againft  many  others,  and  who  was 
"  more  generally  beloved,"  &c.  &c.     And  again  he  fays, 
(pp.  160,  161),  when  remarking  that  a  fitter  choice  Ihould 
have  been  made  of  the   perfons  for  arreft — "  There   being  Kim- 
"  many  of  the  Houfe  of  more  mifchievous  inclinations,  and  bolton's  ill 
"  defigns  againft  the  King's  perfon  and  the  government,  and  company. 
"  more   expofed    to   the    public    prejudice,    than    the   Lord 
"  Mandeville  Kimbolton  was:  who  was  a  civil  and  well- 
"  natured  man,  and  had  rather  kept  ill  company  than  drank 
"  deep  of  that  infeftion  and  poilon  that  had  wrought  upon 
"  many  others." 


1 6  jirrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

4      leaders,  is  reprefented  in  one  of  N  icholas's  letters 
A  danger-  (27  September,  1641),  as  having  taken  to  the 
ator.'"^  ''  Queen  a   paper  which    it  was    much    to   the 
King's  fervice  to   make  public,  and  which  fhe 
had  obtained  from  Lord  Mandeville.*     (Lord 
Mandeville,  or  Kimbolton,  I  need  hardly  ac- 
quaint the  reader,  was  the  eldeft  fon  of  the 
Earl  of  Manchefter,  and  had  been  called  to 
the  Upper  Houfe  in  his  father's    barony  of 
Montagu  of  Kimbolton.)     The   contents  of 
that  paper  were  fuch,  however,  that  it  became 
matter   of  doubt   whether    that    which    had 
appeared  upon  the  furface  of  it  fo  defirable  to 
be  known  in  the  King's  intereft,  was  not  in 
Doubtful   reality  a  matter  much    more   eflential  to  be 
fervices.     j^^own  in  the  intereft  of  the  King's  opponents ; 
and  the  condudl  of  Lady  Carlifle  foon  con- 
firmed the  latter  fuppofition.     Nicholas  him- 
felf  makes  no  concealment  of  his  doubts   of 
Kimbolton.     He  is  careful  to  tell  the  King, 
"  I  hear  there  are  divers  meetings  at  Chelfea, 
"  at  the  Lord  Mandeville's   houfe,   and  elfe- 
Meetings  *'  where"  (Pym  also  had  lodgings  in  Chelfea 
lodgCs^    at  this  time)  "  by  Pym  and  others,  to  confult 
at  Chelfea.  «  what  is  beft  to  be  done  at  their  next  meeting 
"  in  Parliament."  t     Nor  perhaps  is  it  necef- 
fary  to  add  that  the  alleged   notorious  com- 
plicity of  Hampden  with  the  fo-called  Scottiih 
treafon  was  the  fubjedl  of  countlefs  contem- 

*  E'velyn  Correfpondence,  iv.  75,  ed.  1854. 
f  Enjeljn  Cor.  iv.  76. 


§  II.     'The  King^s  Return  from  Scotland.  17 

porary  fongs  and  libels,  which,  contemptible  Libels  on 
and  little   credible  as  they  generally  are,  will  "^'"P'^en. 
yet  be  found  to  refled,    in    Tome    fhape   or 
other,  the  party  beliefs  and  hatreds  of  the  day. 

Did  I  for  this  bring  in  the  Scot 
(For  'tis  no  fecret  now — the  Plot 

Was  Say's  and  mine  together)  : 
Did  I  for  this  return  again, 
And  fpend  a  winter  there  in  vain, 

Again  to  invite  them  hither  ! 

It  was  hardly  attempted  to  be  concealed,  in  Avowed 
fhort,  from  any  of  the  King's  friends,  that  his  '^^a^jonej 
Majefty  had  taken  advantage  of  his  prefent 
vifit   to    Scotland   to    fatisfy    himfelf  of  the 
fecret  underftanding  that  had  formerly  exifted 
.between  the  leaders  of  the  army  of  the  Cove- 
nant and  the  leaders  of  the  Englifh  Houfe  of 
Commons  ;  and  though  even  Royalifts  might 
reafonably  doubt  whether  fuch  a  charge  could 
be  made  the  bafis  of  impeachment  againft  fuf-  Sufpefted 
pefted  rebels  in  England,  after  a  grant  to  the  ^e  fm-  ° 
avowed  rebels  in  Scotland  of  an  adl  of  oblivion  peached. 
fo  complete,  that  by  the  Crown's  grace  and 
favor  Montrofe  was   now  a  Marquis,  Argyle 
Scottifh   Chancellor,  and    the    little    crooked 
Field-Marfhal  of  Balgony  an  Engliih  Earl,  yet 
the  fadt  of  fuch  evidence  exifting  againft  the 
Englifh   members  was  freely  fpoken  of,  and 
was  the  fubjed  of  covert  allufion  in  the  cor- 
refpondence  of  Nicholas  and  the  King. 

"  Some  day  they  may  repent  their  feverity. 
"...  I  believe,  before  all  be  done,  that  they  will 


1 8  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

The  ^       "  not  have  fuch  great  cauje  of  joy''  ''^     ^'  You 

threats^      "  "^^7  ^^^  ^y  this  that  all  their  defigns  hit  not; 

againftthe  <c  ^^^^  j   j^^p^^  before  all  be  done  that  they 

leaders.      ^^ fhall  mi/s  of  more." ■\     "Though  I  cannot 

**  return  fo  foon   as  I  could  wifh,  yet  I  am 

"  confident    that    you    will    find    there    was 

*'  necefjity  for  it^  and  I  hope  that  many  will 

"  mifs  of  their  ends.'*'\,    Thefe,  and  other  fimilar 

expreflions,  fhow  how  ftrongly  the  conviction 

had  taken  poflefTion  of  the  King's  mind,  that 

he  was  bringing  back  with  him  to  London  the 

means  of  ridding   himfelf  effedlually  of  the 

members  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons  who  were 

moft  obnoxious  to  him. 

Treafons        On  his  return,  indeed,  he  enlarged  the  fcope 

committed  ^f  ^^^  accufation,  fo  as  to  take  in  their  con- 

m  Parlia-  _  ' 

ment.        dudt  in  parliament.    To  this  the  tone  adopted 

by    Hyde,  Palmer,  Culpeper,   Falkland   and 

their  followers,  in  the  Remonftrance  debates, 

may  be   faid  to   have  urgently  invited  him ; 

and  he  afFeded  to  believe,  with  them,  that  the 

Coercing   minority  had  been  fo  coerced    in  thofe  mo- 

pu^fbrth^  mentous    difcuflions    as   to   have    endangered 

as  breach   the  continued  exiftence  of  parliamentary  rights. 

lege'/^'"    jBut,  irrefpedlive  of  all  this,  the  refolution  to 

try  an    impeachment   feems    clearly   to   have 

been  taken  while  he  was  yet  in  Edinburgh  ; 

and  it  was  but  the  after  fuggeftion  of  mingled 

*  The   King  to  Nicholas,    5th  Oct.  1641.     E'uelyn  Cor. 
'•'  iv.  78,  79. 

f  Same  to  fame,  9th  Oct.  1641.     E'velyn  Cor.  iv.  80. 
X  Same  to  fame,  12th  Nov.  1641.     E'velyn  Cor.  iv.  81. 


§11.     The  King's  Return  from  Scotland,  19 

fear,  irrefolution,  and  obftinacy,  which  induced 
him  on  the  very  eve  of  its  trial,  to  attempt 
(as  it  will  be  fhown  fhortly  that  he  did 
attempt)  to  bribe  over  to  his  fervice  the 
principal  "  traitor.'* 

Nor  have  fuch  indications  been  wanting,  as  signs  of 
the  many  curious  details  produced  from  the^J"^^^J 
MS.  Journal  of  D'Ewes  during  the  progrefs 
of  the  Debates  on  the  Remonftrance  will  have 
fupplied,  of  a  kind  of  confcioufnefs   on  the 
part  even  of  the  members  chiefly  in  danger, 
that  fome  blow  to  be  flruck  in  fecret  might  be 
preparing  againfl  them.  We  may  there  obferve 
with  what  eager  and  prompt  decifion,  when 
Mr.  Waller  threw  out  his  ingenious  parallel 
between  Pym  and  Strafford,  Pym  met  the  chal- 
lenge of  his  loyalty,  and  forced  the  Houfe  to  a 
fpecific  declaration  upon  it.    The  King  had  not 
been  five   days   in  London,  after  his  arrival 
from  Scotland,  when  the  fame  leader  of  the 
Oppofition  had  occafion  to  afk  from  his  place, 
whether  it  did  not  become  the  reprefentatives  30th  Nov. 
of  the  people  to  take  ferious  note  of  the  many  Alleged 
figns   around    them   of  a  confpiracy  by  fome  confpiracy 
members  of  the  Commons  Houfe  to  accufe  charges  of 
other  members  of  the  fame  of  treafon  ?     And  f^^'*"- 
when,  on  the  20th   December,  the  queftion 
was  independently  difcuffed  which    had  caufed 
fuch  agitation  in  the  Debates  of  the  Remon- 
ftrance, whether  a  minority  in  the  Commons 

might  not  have   the   fame   liberty  as  in  the 

c  2 


20  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

Argument  Lords  of  protefting   agalnft  the   decifions  of 
^JillJt  to^  the    majority,    Mr.    Holborne  employed    the 
a  minority,  fignificant  argument  that  the  abfence  of  fuch 
a  right,  in  the   event  of  the  majority  having 
pafled  any  meafure  carrying  with  it  grave  con- 
fequences,   would   involve  as  deeply  in  thofe 
confequences   the    refifting   members    of  the 
minority,  who  might  "lofe  their  heads  in  the 
"  crowd  when  there  was  nothing  to  fhow  who 
*'  was  innocent."*     A  vague  feeling  of  indi- 
vidual  infecurity,   a    fhadowy   fenfe  of  fome 
poflible  impending  danger,  was  now  certainly 
Alarms     prevalent  among  members  of  the  Houfes  in 
prevalent.  ^  manner  not  before  known ;  and  at  the  very 
hour  when  that  remark  was  made  by  Holborne, 
D'Ewes,  who  had  left  to  attend  the  King  at 
Whitehall   with  an    addrefs,    was   with   fome 
alarm  making  a  note  for  his  Journal  of  the 
"  confident    and    fevere    look  "    with   which 
Charles,    not    deigning    to  receive  the  obei- 
fances    of   honorable    members,    pafled    out 
through  the  midft  of   them.f     It  is  a  pity 
Confi-       that  confidence  and  feverity  fhould  have  been 
the  King.  "^^^  ^^e  charadcriftics  of  this  prince,  at  the 
very   times   when   it   moft    behoved   him   to 
difliruft  himfelf  and  conciliate  others. 

*  See  Sir  Ralph  Verney's  Notes  of  the  Proceedings  of  the 
Long  Parliament,  135,  136  j  aad  the  admirable  note  thereon 
of  the  editor,  Mr.  Bruce. 

f  Harleian  MSS.  i6z  f,  265  a.  See  also  my  Hist,  &  Biog. 
EJfaySy  i.  165. 


§  III.     Falfe  Reliances.  21 


§  III.     False  Relfances. 

The  end  to  which  matters  were  haftening  The 
had  now  become    manifeft  enough.      Confi-  ^^y^^.'ft 

J  .  .  -  party  in 

dent  m  his  own  lecret  perfuafion  that  the  the  city, 
means  of  vengeance  were  in  his  hand,  and 
mifled  by  the  accident  of  a  Royalift  Lord 
Mayor  into  believing  alfo,  in  the  teeth  of 
every  other  indication  to  the  contrary,  that  a 
ftrong  Royalift  party  exifted  in  the  City,  the 
King's  public  condud:  fince  his  return,  under 
the  further  exafperation  of  the  paffing,  pre- 
fenting,  and  printing  of  the  Remonftrance, 
and  of  the  tone  adopted  by  its  authors  in 
debate,  had  been  a  feries  of  acfls  that  could 
have  but  one  ifTue.  Before  retracing  them,  ht 
me  fhow  on  what  precarious  foundations  had 
been  built  the  tone  of  confidence  and  defiance 
fo  fuddenly  and  unadvifedly  aflumed. 

The  City  entertainment  provided  by  the  en-  Banquet 
thufiaftic  Firft  Magiftrate  had  been  arranged  hln ."' 
to  take  place  on  the  day  of  Charles's  arrival  in 
his  capital,  and  for  the  moment  it  fairly  turned 
the  heads  of  the  King's  friends  as  well  as  his 
own.  Captain  Slingfby  informs  his  admiral 
that  it  was  a  magnificent  reception,  and  that 
fince  his  coming  to  town  he  had  been  greatly 
pleafed  to  obferve  a  very  great  alteration  of 
the  affedions  of  the  City  to  what  they  had 


21  **  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

King's  re-  been  when  he  went  away.*     Mr.  Sidney  Bere 

therea":     Writes  more  cautioufly,  but  remarks  that  all 

looked  very  "  ftately  and  well."t    Mr.  Thomas 

Wifeman  protefts  that  it  was  a  reception  and 

glorification  of  fo  much  worth,  as  to  be  far 

beyond  the  precedent  of  any  made  to  former 

Kings   that  hiftory  makes   mention  of;   and 

that  it   had   well  fuited   with   the   goodnefs, 

fweetnefs,  and  meritorious  virtue  of  fo  gracious 

a  king  as  theirs  was  ;  adding,  that  his  Majefty 

Lord        had  "  knighted  in  the  field  "  the  Lord  Mayor 

Goumey   ^"<^  Recorder,  and,  to  add  more  grace  to  fo 

made  a      loyal  a  Chief   Magiflrate,  had  been   pleafed, 

the   day  after  the  banquet,  to  make   him  a 

Baronet.  J 

But  perhaps  the  moft  flriking  indication  of 
all  that  now  tended  for  the  time  completely  to 
deceive  and  miflead  the  credulous  King,  was 
a  letter  dated  the  day  after  Mr.  Wifeman's 
admiring  efFuflon,  which  the  new  Secretary 
Welcome  of  State,  to  whom  it  was  addreffed,  muft  with 
"hiking,  ^oni^  exultation  have  fubmitted  to  his  mafler. 
It  was  from  Lenthal,  the  Speaker  of  the 
Houfe  of  Commons.  This  weak  and  common- 
place man,  fo  foon  to  be  for  ever  afTociated 

*  MS.  State  Paper  Office.     Capt.  R.  Slingfby  to  Admiral 
Sir  John  Pennington,  25  Nov.  1641. 

f  MS.   State    Paper    Office.      Sidney  Bere  to   Admiral 
Pennington,  25  Nov.  1641. 
!  X  MS.  State  Paper  Office.     Wifeman  to  Pennington,  ad 

Dec.  1641.  Court  fcribes  made  the  moft  of  it  of  courfe  ; 
and  under  the  title  of  Oruatio  Carolina,  in  Somers's  TraSis, 
iv.  137,  will  be  found  a  ludicroufly  pompous  account  of  the 
affair. 


§  III.     Falfe  Reliances.  23 

in  hiftory    with    an    apparently    high-fpirited  ^P^^Ij^J 
aflertion,  in  his  own  perfon,   of  the  privilege  alamed : 
and  independence  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons, 
was  now  only  eager   to  be  quit  of   his  em-  Wifhes  to 
ployment,  and  proffer  fervile  fuit  to  the  King,  from  the 
Clarendon  truly  charadlerifes  him  as  a  man  of  ^peaker- 
a  very  narrow,  timorous  nature,  and  it  leems 
probable  that  the  fierce  debates  on  the  Remon- 
ftrance  had  thoroughly  alarmed  him.*     With 
his  opportunities  of  obfervation,  he  could  hardly 
fail  to  have  fatisfied  himfelf  that  a  conflid  of  a 
yet  more  ferious  kind  now  impended  between 
the  King  and  the  Houfe,  and  this  letter  is  decifive 
of  his  belief  that  the  vidlory  would  be  to  the 
King.     Nor  was  it  poffible  that  Charles  him- 
felf fhould  have  drawn  any  other  conftrudlion 
from  it.     In  continuing  to  remain  where  he 
is,  in  the  chair  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons, 
Lenthal  fees  only  utter  failure  to  his  life,  the 
ruin  of  his  eftate,  and  poverty  for  his  children,  and  to  be- 
He  prays  to  be  relieved  from  his  too  onerous  ^^^^^  ^^ 
dignity,  and  to  become  once  more  the  meaneft  "^f^"^^  ^ 

-,.  --  .  c  rr  lubjeCt  of 

fubjedl  of  a  fovereign  whom  he   prorelies  to  his  fove- 
regard  with  abje<5l  veneration.  ^^'S"' 

*  For  illuftrations  of  his  charafter,  and  his  fufferings  at 
the  hands  of  honorable  and  not  refpeftfui  members,  fee  my 
Hift.    Gf    Biog.   EJfays,   i.  82-84.      Another   opportunity  of 
adverting  to  the  fubjeft  will  occur  in  this  narrative,  but  mean- 
while I  may  add  what  is  faid,  corre6lly  enough,  by  Clarendon 
{^Hiji.  i.  297).     "  In  a  word  he  was  in  all  refpeds  very  un-  Clarendon 
"  equal  to  the  work:    and  not  knowing  how  to  preferve  his  as  to 
"  own  dignity,  or  to  reftrain  the  licenle  and  exorbitance  of  Lenthal. 
"  others,  his  weaknefs  contributed  as  much  to  the  growing 
"  mifchiefs  as  the  malice  of  the  principal  contrivers." 


24 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


Speaker 
Lenthal 
to  Secre- 
tary 

Nicholas, 
3rd  Dec. 
1 64.1. 


Invokes 

the 

King's 

facred 

mercy. 


Craves 
Mr.  Secre- 
taiy's  help 
in  loweft 
pofture  of 
obedience. 


"Right  Honorable  and  Moft  Noble  S%" 
runs  this  remarkable  letter,  written  on  the 
fourth  day  after  the  appointment  of  Nicholas 
as  Secretary  of  State,*  "  The  aflurance  of 
"  your  noble  favours  imboldnes  me  to  commit 
"  to  your  care  the  greateft  concernment  y*  ever 
*^  it  befell  me,  the  defyer  beinge  enforced  by 
"  an  unavoidable  neceffity.  I  have  now  in 
"  this  imployment  fpent  almoft  14  months, 
<f  w'^h  |^^^.j^  foe  exhaufted  the  labor  of  25  yeares, 
"  that  I  am  inforced  to  flye  to  y^  sanftuary  of 
"  his  facred  mercy.  Could  I  fuppofe  that  my 
"  humble  fute  (grounded  on  y^  full  expreffion 
"  of  duty  and  obedience)  fhould  have  other 
"  interpretation,  or  feeme  unfitt  in  the  deepe 
*'  judgm*  of  his  Sacred  Ma'ye,  I  fhould  then 
"  defyer  my  thoughtes  may  perilTi  in  their  firft 
*'  conception,  foe  willingeam  I  to  offer  myfelfe 
"  and  fortune  a  facrifice  for  his  Royall  Service  : 
"  but  in  that  I  hope  it  cannot,  I  moft  humbly 
"  defyer  your  honor  on  my  behalfe  (in  ye 
"  loweft  pofture  of  obedience),  to  crave  of  his 
' '  Sacred  Ma'^*^  his  Royall  Leave  that  I  may  ufe 
'^  my  beft  endeavour  to  the  Houfe  of  Cofftons 
*'  to  be  quitt  of  this  imployment  and  to  retyer 
*'  backeto  my  former  privat  Life,  thatwhilft  I 
"  have  fomme  ability  of  body  left,  I  may  en- 
"  deayour  that  w^^'out  w*^''  I  cannot  but  expedt 

*  MS.  State  Paper  Office,  It  is  dated  3  December,  1641  ; 
and  is  addreffed,  "  The  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Edward  Nicholas,  Knt., 
"  one  of  his  Ma')""  Secretarys  of  State,  Humbly  prefent 
«  thes." 


§  III.     Falfe  Reliances.  25 

"  a  ruine,  and  put  a  badge  of  extreame  poverty  Expefts 

"  uppon  my  children.      The  app'henfion  of  ^Jj";^^^^ 

*' my  fpeedy  enfuing  mifery,  hath  begot  this '"  ^^^ 

"  moft  humble  regret,  but  ftill  with  that  dewtheHoufe. 

"  regard  of  my  obedienc  and  duty  that  noe 

"  earthly  confideratio  fhall   ever  increafe  the 

"  leafte  of  thoughts  that  may  tend  to  the  re- 

"  tardment  of  his  Royall  Commands.     S',  this 

"  being  p^'fented  to  your  honour^^e  care,  affures 

"  me   of  fuch   a   succefsful   way  as  fhal  be- 

'^  comme  the  duty  of  me  his  meaneft-  fubjecft 

*'  in  all  humilitie  to  befeech.     Thus  am  I  im- 

"  boldened  humbly  to  declare  the  relation  and 

'*  defyers  of  your   Honor's  moft  obedient  fer- 

"  vant,  Wm.  Lenthal." 

To  the  King,  fo  willing  to  be  duped,  and  A  willing 
exulting  ftill  in  the  belief  that  he  had  at  laft  "^^* 
won  friends  in  the  City  all  powerful,  here 
might  be  ground  hardly  lefs  for  belief  that  in 
the  Houfe  of  Commons  his  enemies  were 
falling  asunder.  Charles  clutched  at  it,  and 
defperately  held  to  it,  with  the  impulfive 
weaknefs  of  his  nature.  But  never  was  fuch  a 
belief  raifed  on  fuch  bafelefs  foundations. 

Already,  the  very  day  before  Lenthal's  letter 
was  written,  a  fufpicion  that  they  were  falfe 
reliances  had  occurred  even  to  Captain  Slingf- 

.  Captain 

by.     "  Since  the  King's  coming,"  he  writes,  silnglby 
"  all  thinges  have  not  happned  fo  much  to  hisj^jp^'" 
"  contentment  as  by  his  magnificent  intertaine-  nington, 
"  ment  att  his  entrance  was  expeded.     .     .    .  ,6^,. 


26 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


Faftious  "  The  fa6lIous  Citizens  begin  to  come  again  to 
1  izens.  tj  ^^  houfes  with  their  fwordes  by  their  fides, 
"  hundreds  in  companies;  their  pretences  only 
"  againft  Epifcopacie."*  After  a  few  days 
Sidney  Bere,  refledling  doubtlefs  the  temperate 
mifgivings  of  his  mafter  the  Secretary,  writes 

Fears  and  of  the  fears  and  diftradtions  increafing  daily  in 
Qf  London,  and  that  fuch  truly  were  not  without 
caufe,  for  that  the  exifting  contention  in  the 
Houfe,  and  on  points  of  fo  high  nature,  could 
not  bring  about  lefs  than  confufion  and  com- 
buftion  in  the  end,  if  God  did  not  prevent 
it.f     Nor  from  this  date  had  a  week  pafled 


mif- 
givings 
the  beft 
informed. 


The  Kinj 
and  the 
two 
Houfes. 


Citizens 

and 

M.P.'S. 


Sir  Ed- 
ward 
Dering, 


*  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  Slinglby  proceeds  to  fay  of 
the  King  :  "  The  next  day  after  his  coming  he  was  expefted 
"  at  the  Parliament,  but  he  went  away  to  Hampton  Court ;  he 
"  came  again  on  Monday  laft  and  was  expe6ted  on  Tuefday 
"  at  the  Houfe,  but  he  went  back  the  fame  night  he  came. 
"  Since  that,  a  Petition  hath  been  fent  to  him  concerning  the 
"  Remonftrance  w*^*"  had  formerly  bren  fo  much  debate  :  and 
"  to  defire  the  nomination  of  the  greate  officers  as  he  had 
"  graunted  to  the  Parliament  in  Scotland.  This  day  the  King 
*'  came  to  London  againe:  atnoone  it  was  queftioned  whether 
"  he  would  go  to  the  Houfe  or  no,  but  I  heare  fince  he  is 
"  gone."  Of  the  faftious  Citizens  he  alfo  further  remarks  in 
this  letter:  "One  of  the  Houfe  was  ftriftly  examined  by 
"  them  of  w'^''  fide  he  was,  in  fuch  a  manner  that  with  goode 
"  wordes  he  was  gladd  to  flippe  from  them:  after  he  was 
"  gone  fome  of  them  were  heard  to  name  him — faying  it  was 
"  fuch  a  one — the  greateft  enemye  we  have.  He  made  com- 
"  plaints  of  it  to  the  Houfe.  Yefterday  a  conference  between 
"  the  two  Houfes  wherein  this  matter  was  menf*  and  a 
"  declaration  agreed  to  be  fett  out  to  prohibitt  the  like 
*'  affemblys  hereafter  ....  This  day  the  Houfe  are  upon 
"  Sir  Edward  Dering  who  it  is  thought  will  be  called  to  the 
"  barre  for  fomething  he  hath  fpoke  in  the  Houfe." 

•|-  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  Sidney  Bere  to  Admiral 
Pennington,  9th  Dec.  1641.  There  is  fo  pleafant  a  teftimony 
in  this  letter  to  the  character  of  Nicholas,  not  merely  to  his 
activity  and  induftry,  but  to  that  fweetnefs  of  difpofition  and 
moderation  of  temper  which  is    borne   out  by  all  that  is 


§  III.     Falfe  Reliances.  27 

before  Captain  Slingfby  wrote  with  an  alarm  siingfby's 
which  he  hardly  attempts  to  conceal,   of  the  ^  ^""' 
difplay  of  manifeftations  of  feeling  from  the 
City,  of  a  far  more  decifive  and  ferious  kind 
than   thofe  which    fo  lately  had  ftartled  him. 
Whereas  it  had  been  alleged  that  laft  week's  Wealthy 
"soUicitation  of    the  Parliament"    had   pro- ^"^t^^^'g^ 
ceeded  only  from   the   ruder  fort  of  people,  citizens : 
now    it    was    certain    that     "  fome    of    the 
"  better  fort  of  the  fame  fadlion  came  in  good 
"  numbers  to  the  Houfe,  accoutred  in  the  beft 
"  manner  they  could,  and  in  coaches,  to  pre-  Come  in 
"  vent  the  afperfion  that  was  layed  upon  them  coaches  to 
*'  that  they  were  of  the  bafer  fort  of  people  the  Houfe. 
"  only  which  were  that  way  affeded."     They 
had  come,   moreover,  not  merely  to  petition 
for  the  removal  out  of  the  Upper  Houfe  of  the 
popifh  Lords  and  Bifhops  to  whom  exclufively 

publicly  known  of  him,  that  the  paffage  is  worth  fubjoining. 

"  By  Mr.  Valentine,"  he  writes,  **  I  acquainted  you  w"*  the 

"  remove  of  Sir  Hen.  Vane,  and  that  I  had  made  my  way  unto 

"  his  Ma'"^  by  the  Murrayes,  w'**  hath  taken  foe  good  effedt 

•'  that  now  I  am  wi"'  the   Secretary    Nicholas  (the   King 

"  having  recommended  me  particularly)}  and  he  appearing  Character 

"  moft  ready  to  accept  me,  mentioning  with  all  the  refpeft  of  Sir  Ed. 

"  he  bears  unto  you  the  afFeftion  you  have  always  pleafed  to  Nicholas. 

"  have  for  me,  foe  that  I  cannot  faile  of  good  ufage,  and 

"  indeed  his  difpofition  is  foe  fweete  that  he  is  not  capable  of 

"  other.     By  this  recommendation  from  his  Ma'''  I  gueffe  we 

"  fliall  not  fuddenlie  have  a  fecond  Secretary,  fmce  all  the 

"  Forraine  difpatches  as  well  as  Ireland  are  delivered  into 

**  Mr.  Seer'''  Nicholas,  who  noe  doubt  will  acquit  himfelfe 

"  well,  being  a  man  alfo  very  laborious  and  aflive,  and  in 

"  great  fav'  with  both  their  Ma""."     Neverthelefs  Mr.  Bere 

was  wrong  in  his  expectation  :  a  fecond  Secretary,  to  replace 

Vane,  having  already  been  felefted  in  the  perfon  of  Lord 

Falkland. 


28  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

they  imputed  the  ftoppage  of  thofe  Ads  which 

had  pafied  theLower  for  the  fettling  of  religion, 

but   alfo   to   complain   "  of  fome  ill-afFe6ted 

"  perfons  in  the  Cittie   that   endeavoured  to 

Unpopu-   "  hinder    their   petition,    wherein   my   Lord 

of  the       "  Mayor   was    comprehended,    who    the  day 

Lord        cc  before  had  given  order  to  all  the  conftables 

"  to  raife  their  feverall  watches  and  be  readie 

*^  in  armes,  which  has  been  very  ill  refented 

"  by  the  Houfe."*    So  foon  was  the  frail  reed 

on  which   the    King   mainly   relied,    bending 

powerlefs  under  him.     Poor  Lenthal  himfelf 

Second      feems  to  have  had  a  fafer  fecond  thought,  and 

of  Speaker  had   haftened   to   crave   from   Mr.    Secretary 

Lenthal.    Nicholas,  "if  the  other  way  did  not  take,"  no 

longer  the  royal  influence  to  relieve  him  of  Mr. 

Speaker's  poft,  but  the  royal  mefTage  cuftomary 

in  thofe  times  before  Mr.  Speaker's  claim  for  a 

vote  of  money  could  be  taken  into  confidera- 

tion.f     Shall  we  wonder  that  the  Under  Secre- 

*    MS.   State  Paper   Office,      Slingfby    to    Pennington, 

"  aboard  the  Lyon  in  the  Downes."     The  letter  is  dated  by 

Slingfby  himfelf  "  i6  January,  164.1,"  but  this  is  a  manifeft 

error  for  the  "  i6th  December,  1641." 

Speaker  |  MS.  State  Paper  Office.    This  fecond  letter  is  well  worth 

Lenthal      fubjoining  textually.     "  Right  Honourable,  May  it  pleafe 

to  Secre-     <<  your  Honor,"  it  runs,  "  If  that  other  way  doe  not  take,  if 

tary  «  you  may  finde  oportunity  (without  prejudice  to  your  felfe) 

Nicholas,    a  let  me  entreat  you  to  incline  his  Ma'^  to  recomend  me 

"  to  y*  confideration  of  the  Houfe,  by  which  meanes  I  may 

"  hope  of  fome  fatiffaftion:  but  this  is  totally  left  to  your 

j  "  honor's    confiderati"   as    oportunity    offers,   &   y'   honor 

"  thincke  fitt  in  your  owne  judgment.    Thus  humbly  cravinge 

"  p''on  for  this  great  p'fumption  I  can  fafely  fay  noe  man 

"  lives  that  is  more 

"  Your  honor's  moft  humble  fervant, 

Wm.  Lenthal." 


§  IV.     Fatal  Mijiakes.  29 

tary,  not  many  days  later,  is  found  writing  to  An  Un- 
his  friend  the  Admiral    commanding    in   the  f^^L^^^"^' 
Downs,  "  I  pray  God  we  find  not  that  we  prayer. 
"  have  flattered  ourfelves  with  an  imaginary 
"  fl:rength  and  partie   in   the  citty   and  elfe- 
"  where  which  will  fall  away  if  need  fhould 
"  be/'  * 

§  IV.    Fatal  Mistakes. 

Charles  neverthelefs  continued  to  adl  as  if  Fool- 
that  imaginary  flrength  were  folid  and  eternal,  ^f  ^^^"^^^ 
On  any  other  afliimption  we  fhould  have  to  King, 
charadlerize  as  thofe  of  a  madman  the  feries  of 
his   adls  from  the   opening   of  December  to 
Chriftmas  Eve.     He  had  removed  the  train-  Removes 
bands  on  guard  at  the  two  Houfes,  and  had  fub-  jJoj^^^"'^ 
ftituted  companies  officered  by  himfelf.     He  Houfes : 
had   put    forth   a   moft    ofFenfive   order   on 
the   fubjed   of  religious  worfhip.       He  had  Gives 
recaft  the  offices   at   Court,  notorioufly  that  "^^J^j.*" 
he  might  invite  into  his  councils  the  leading  of  the 
opponents  of  the  Great  Remonftrance ;  f  or  ™'"°"^  • 

*  MS.   State   Paper  Office.     Sidney   Bere    to   Sir  John 
Pennington. 

f  On  the  2nd  of  December  Mr.  Thos.  Wifeman  thus  writes  Wifeman 
(MS.   State  Paper  Office),  as  his  *'  affiired  and  afFeftionate  to  Pen- 
"  friend  to  command,"  to  Admiral  Sir  John  Pennington  :  nington, 
"  My   Lord  of  Holland,  they  fay,   hath  loft  himfelf  both  2nd  Dec. 
**  with  the  King  and  Queen  j  and  for  my  part  I  believe  it ;  164.1. 
"  becaufe    hee    hath    been   obferved  to   hold  councills  and 
"  confultations  with  the  Lords  in  the  abfence  of  the   King 
"  that  have  been  againft  Epifcopacie  and  the  Bookeof  Common 
"  Prayer :  W''    his    Ma'"*  fince   his   cominge    home   hath 
*'  declaratively  refolved   to   uphold,    and   with   his   lyfe   to 
•*  mayntayne.     It  is  noyfed  there  will  bee  fuddenly  a  greate 


30 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


Affails 
privilege ; 


Under 
Secretary 
Bere  to 
Penning- 
ton, 25th 
Nov. 
1641. 

Same  to 
fame, 
9th  Dec. 


Court 
changes. 


Same  to 
fame, 
a  3rd  Dec 


it  might  be  with  other  hopes  in  that  direc- 
tion, fecret  as  yet,  or  known  to  Pym  alone. 
He  had  aflailed  the  privileges  of  the  Commons 


"  remove  at  Court  of  cheifF  offic",  and  that  Sir  John  Banks 
"  fhall  be  Lord  Treas'.  Mr.  Nicleys  [Nicholas]  was  on 
"  Monday  laft  fworne  Secretary  of  State  and  knighted  ;  and 
"  my  Lord  Savill  had  the  ftaff  given  him  at  Yorke  of  being 
"  Treas'  of  the  King's  Houfehold  in  Mr.  Secref  Ffane's 
"  place,  who  it  is  thought  will  not  bee  Secret^  long.  He 
*'  hath  very  ill  lucke,  to  bee  neither  loved  nor  pittied  of  any 
"  man."  Some  few  days  before,  Sidney  Bere  had  written 
(MS.  25th  Nov.)  :  "  At  Newcaftle  I  underftand  Mr.  Secretary 
"  Vane  was  commanded  to  deliver  up  his  ftaffe  of  Treafur'; 
"  wh'^''  was  confered  att  Yorke  upon  my  Lord  Savile  :  it  is 
"  what  was  long  fpoken  of  &  expefled  by  him,  and  foe  it 
"  will  be  noe  greate  newes  to  you.  The  place  of  Secretary  he 
"  ftill  keepes  :  w'^''  if  he  continue,  as  I  fee  no  great  appear- 
"  ance  to  the  contrary,  he  will  not  much  reflefte  on  the  lofle 
"  of  the  other."  Seven  days  later,  the  Under  Secretary  wrote 
again  (MS.  9th  Dec.  1641)  to  the  Admiral:  "The  report 
"  goes  ftrong  with  us  that  many  great  removes  more  shallbe, 
"  out  of  hand  ;  what  ground  there  is  for  it,  I  cannot  tell,  but 
"  thus  the  fpeech  goes  :  Sir  John  Bankes  to  be  Lo.  Treaf*, 
*'  Chamberlaine  made  Admirall,  and  Briftow  Chamberlaine; 
"  Holland,  Newport,  and  fome  fay  Hamilton,  alfo  to  be 
"  difplaced.  In  the  mean  time  we  have  a  Lo.-Steward  w"^*"  is 
"  Duke  of  Richmond.  And  thus  we  have  and  fhall  have 
"  many  changes  and  removes  in  Court.  Sr  Henry  Vane  the 
"  Yonger,  its  generally  faid,  and  believed,  will  loofe  his  place. 
**  I  writt  you  of  it  by  my  laft;  and  mythinkes,  if  you  have 
"  a  thought  that  way,  a  timely  office  done  by  Mr.  Secretary, 
"  who  is  foe  much  your  friend,  might  be  of  good  ufe." 
Welcome  to  the  Admiral,  however,  as  the  place  of  Treafurer 
of  the  Navy  would  have  been  in  quieter  times,  the  troubled 
reports  of  his  correfpondents  appear  to  have  decided  him  not 
to  apply  for  it.  On  the  23d  Dec.  the  Under  Secretary 
writes  (MS.  State  Paper  Office),  after  mentioning  the  dilfatif- 
■  faftion  of  the  Commons  at  the  removal  of  Young  Vane  : 
"  Yet  ftill,  S''Wm.  Penningman  [Pennyman]  ftands  the  man 
*'  defigned  for  it,  though  as  yett  nothing  (to  my  beft  know- 
"  ledge)  hath  paft  to  that  purpofe.  But  I  eafily  aflent  to 
"  yo'  opinion  that  in  fuch  diftempered  tymes  as  thefe  arc, 
"  you  have  little  defire  to  mufter  up  friends  for  any  employme' 
"  of  that  nature,  howfoever  it  were  to  be  wiftied  a  place  of 
"  that  truft  had  a  man  of  yo'  experience  and  worth — but  I 
"  ftirre  noe  further  in  it,  fince  its  not  yo"'  pleafurc." 


^  IV.    Fatal  Miftakes,  31 

in  a  vital  point,  by  an  intemperate  meiTage  of  interferes 
difapproval  during  their  difcuflion  of  a  bill  for  ^^^  ^'^^ 
raifing  foldiers  by  impreflment.    He  had  rafhly  difcuffion: 
ifTued,  on  the  very  day  after  the  citizens  pre- 
fented  their  petition  againft  the  Bifhops,  a  pro-  Enforces 
clamation  commanding  the  fevere  execution  of  againft 
the  ftatutes  againft  all  who  ihould  bring  in  quef-  P""tans: 
tion  or  impugn  the  book  of  Common  Prayer. 
And  while  thus  harfh  in  prefling,  on  the  one 
hand,  the  law  againft  Puritan  opponents  of  the 
Church,    he    had   the   inconceivable   folly    to 
refpite  its  operation,  on  the  other,  in  favour  of 
certain  Roman  Catholic  priefts  who  had   in-  Remits 
curred  the  wrath  of  the  Commons  and  fallen  P^^^^^" 
under  fentence  of  the  courts,   and  whofe  lives  Roman 

1        •    n.1     r     r  V  Catholics. 

lay  jultly  rorreit. 

What  .occurred  thereupon  would  have 
daunted  a  fovereign  of  the  Tudor  line,  but 
Charles  the  Firft  had  as  little  of  the  bold 
refolution  as  of  the  confiderate  fear  which  alone 
is  truly  valiant.  At  the  fame  feftions  when  Partial 
thefe  priefts  were  condemned  to  die,  there  had  ^^^^^ 
alfo  been  condemned  to  death  feveral  men  for  laws. 
common  offences.  It  was  not  fuppofed  pof- 
fible,  after  a  reprieve  had  been  fent  to  the  Jefuit 
offenders,  that  their  fellow-prifoners,  con- 
demned for  offences  held  then  to  be  compara- 
tively venial,  would  be  executed.  An  order 
for  the  execution  was  neverthelefs  received, 
and  the  agitation  throughout  the  City  was 
extreme.     Monday  the   13th  December  was 


execution 


3a 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


Refifted 
by  the 
people. 


appointed  for  the  execution ;  but  on  the  pre- 
vious Sunday  evening  arms  had  been  fecretly 
conveyed  into  Newgate,  and  open  refiftance  was 
made  next  day  to  the  attempt  to  carry  out  the 
warrant.  The  refiftance  was  overmaftered  that 
night,  the  wealthier  citzens,  however  indignant 
at  the  King's  interference,  not  choofing  them- 
felves  to  interfere  againft  the  law ;  and  on  the 
Tuefday  the  men  were  hanged.*    The  incident 


Slingfbyto      *  I  difcover  thefe  curious  fafts  in  a  letter  which  Captain 

Penning-    Slingfby  writes  (MS.  State  Paper  Office)  to  Pennington  on 

ton    i6th    the  i6th  of  Dec.   (the  letter  is  dated  by  miftake  the  i6th 

Dec.  Jan.).  He  mentions  the  City  petition  againft  the  Bifhopsand 

1641.  their  continued  attempts  to  enforce  the  Liturgy,  and  proceeds: 

"  The  next  day  after  the  delivery  of  the  petition  the  King 

"  fett  out  a  proclamation  comaunding  the  fevere  execution  of 

'*  the  lawes  againft  the  contemners  and   oppugners  of  the 

"  Comon  Prayer  Booke  ;  and  an  other  comaunding  all   men 

"  whatfoever  that  had  right  to  fitt  in  Parliament  to  repaire 

*'  thither  by  the  twelfth  of  Janu.     Thefe  gave  great  diftaft  to 

"  that  faction  of  the  Cittie  that  were  the  petitioners.    There 

"  was  a  very  greate  SelRons  the  laft  weeke,  where  there  were 

**  feven   priefts   condemned    but  reprieved   by   the   Kinge : 

"  many  for  other  crimes :  Munday  laft  being  appointed  for 

"  their  execution.     Some  body  had  conveighed  fome  armes 

"  into  Newgate  to  them  the  night  before  :  fo  y'  they  ceazed 

"  upon  the  prifon,  and  ftood  upon  ther  defenfe  moft  part 

"  or  that  day :  but  at  night  were  overmaftered  and  the  next 

"  day  hanged  ....  the  Houfe  is  much  diftrafled  at  the  re- 

"  prieve  of  the  Priefts,  and  att  the  forraigne  Ambaftadors  for 

"  raedling  in  itt,  efpecially  at  the  Frenche,  who  did  lay  downe 

"  fome  reafons  w"^*"  did  aggravate  ther  diftaft."     Clarendon 

has  not  noticed  this  remarkably  incident,  nor  is  it  mentioned  in 

any  of  the  hiftories,  but  in  adverting  to  Secretary  Winde- 

bank's  flight  he  leaves  us  no  room  to  doubt  the  view  he  was 

himfelf  difpofed  to  take  of  fuch  a  "fufpending  power"  as 

Charles  was  praftically  exerting  in  thefe  reprievals  of  popifli 

Reprievals  offenders.     "  I  could  never  yet  learn,"  he  fays,  fpeaking  of 

of  Popifli    the  conduft  of  the  leaders  of  the  Houfe,  "  the  true  reafon 

offenders.    "  why  they  fuflfered  Secretary  Windebank  to  efcape   their 

"  juftice,  againft  whom  they  had  more  pregnant  teftimony  of 

"  offences   within   the  verge  of  the   law  than    againft  any 

"  perfon  they  have  accufedfince  this  parliament,  and  of  fome 


Attack 

upon 

Newgate. 


§  IV.     Fatal  Mijlakes.  23 

left  fuch  a  fenfe  rankling  in  the  breafts  of  all  A  time  for 
clafl*es  of  citizens,  as  the  wifdom  of  the  moft 
powerful  of  princes    might   have  feared ;  but 
Charles  the  Firft  only  the  more  bethought  him 
how  better  to  reftrain  and  curb  thefe  fadious 
and   rebellious  citizens.      And   as,  for  other  Difaftrous 
reafons,  his  mind  had  been  brooding  over  a  the  King, 
meafure  on  which  he  had  lately  refolved,    to 
obtain  more  complete  command  of  the  Tower, 
he  feleded  this  precife  time  to  give  effe6l  to 
an  intention  which   was  to   carry  with  it  the 
moft  difaftrous  confequences. 

The  Tower  commanded  the  City.     It  was  "^^^ 

Tower  I 

the  "  Bridle"  to  the  too  reftlefs  citizens, 
as  the  courtiers  commonly  called  it ;  *  and  it 
was  efTential  not  more  to  the  fafety  of  thofe 
well  affeded  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons  than 
to  the  fecurity  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons 
itfelf,  that  its  Governor  fhould  be  a  man  in  and  its 
whofe   good   faith  they  had  confidence.     Sir    °^^™°'"- 

"  that,  it  may  be,  might  have  proved  capital,  and  fo  their 

"  appetite  ot  blood  might   have  been  fatilfied  ;  for,  befides 

"  his  frequent  letters   of  interceffion   in  his  own  name,  and  Winde- 

"  fignification  of   his  Majerty's    pleafure,    on   the    behalf  of  bank's 

"  papifts  and  priefts,  to  the  judges,  and  to  other  minilters  of  j-rime  and 

"  juftice,  and  proteftions    granted  by  himfclf  to  priefts  that  efcape. 

"  nobody  (hould  moleft  them,  he  harboured  fome  priefts  in 

'*  his  own  houfe,  knowing  them  to  be  fuch,  which,  by  the 

"  ftatutes  made  in  the  29th  year  of  Qj.ieen  Elizabeth,  is  made 

"  felony  ;  and  there  were  fome  warrants  under  his  own  hand 

"  for  the  releafe  of  priefts  out  of  Newgate  who  were  actually 

"  attainted  of  treafon,  and  condemned  to  be  hanged,  drawn, 

"  and  quartered  :  which,  by  the  ftrift  letter  of  the  ftatute,  the 

"  lawyers  faid,  would  have  been  very  penal  to  him." — Hijl.  i. 

311-312. 

♦  Clarendon,  Hiji.  ii.  81. 


34  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Member s. 

William   Balfour  was   fuch  a  man,  as  he  had 
fhown    by    his  refolute   refufal    of  tnormous 
profFered  bribes  to  connive  at  the  efcape  of 
Balfour     StrafFord.     But  Balfour,   the  tried  friend    of 
the  Parliament,  was    now  fuddenly  removed 
from   this    all-important    command,    and    it 
became  known,  on   Chriftmas  eve,  that  in  his 
Lunfford    place  there  had  been  appointed  a  foldier  of  evil 
appom  e  :  ^.j^^radler  and  infamous  name,  whofe  only  con- 
ceivable qualification  could  have  been,  that  of 
prefenting  himfelf  to    the    Court    as    a    mere 
defperate  tool  for  any  kind  of  recklefs  fervice.* 
He   was  a  man,  fays  Sir  Simonds    D'Ewes, 
His  infa-    given  to  drinking,  fwearing,  quarrelling,  and 
djarafter.  ot^cr  vices  ;  much  in  debt,  and  very  defperate. f 
More  than  ten   years  before   the  prefent  date 
Lord  Dorfet  had  charadlerifed  him  as  a  young 
outlaw  who  feared  neither  God  nor  man,  and 
who    took  a  glory   to   be  efteemed    rather  a 
fwaggering  ruffian  than  the  iflue  of  an  ancient 
and  honeft  family.     He  belonged  to  the  army 
of  the  North,  and  had  been  deeply  involved 
in  the  plots  for  bringing  it  up  to  overawe  the 
Parliament. 
His  clofe        Clarendon  cannot  but  admit  that  fuch  was 
with1?ord  ^^^  confefied  and  notorious  repute  of  Lunfford, 
Digby.      who  was  neverthelefs  companion  and  friend  to 

Lunfford's  *  The  warrant  of  the  appointment  of  "our  trufty  and 
warrant.  "  well-beloved  fcrvant  Col.  Thomas  Lunfford,"  is  in  the 
State  Paper  Office.  It  is  given  "  under  our  llgnet  at  our 
"  Court  at  Whitehall  the  zzd  Day  of  December  164.1,"  and 
is  addrefled  to  Lords  Mancheftei,  Dorlct,  Dunlmore  and 
Newburgh.  t  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f  272  b. 


§  IV.     Fatal  Miftakes.  3  5 

his  excellent  friend  Lord  Digby ;  and  he  ex- 
plains with  fufficient  franknefs,  though  after  his 
ufual  fafhion,  the  objed:  of  the  King  and  Lord  Objeft  in 
Digby  in  appointing  him.*  It  was,  that,  ing him: 
having  now  fome  fecret  reafon  (which,  he 
interpofes  but  his  editors  omitted,  "  was  not  a 
"  good  one  ")  to  fill  that  place  in  the  inftant 
with  a  man  who  might  be  trufted,  this  man 

*  His  account  of  Lunfford's  appointment   is  indeed    in  Claren- 
every  way  highly  charafteriftic.   Sir  William  Balfour  having,  don's 
he  fays,  had  from  the  beginning  of  this  parliament,  "  accord-  account 
"  ing  to  the  natural  cultom  of  his    country"   (Balfour  was  of  the 
a  Scotchman,  and  by  the  prudence  of  Hyde's  firft  editors  appoint- 
thefe  words  are  erafed  from  all  the  ordinary  editions),  "  forgot  ment. 
"  all  his  obligations  to  the  King  .  .  .  there   had    been   a 
"  long  refolution  to  remove  him  from  that  charge  .  .  .  yet 
"  there  was  neither  notice  or  fufpicion  of  it,  till  it  was  heard, 
"  that  Sir  Thomas  Lunfford  was  fworn  Lieutenant  of  the 
"  Tower ;    a  man  who,  though   of   an    ancient   family   in 
"  Suflex,  was  of  a  very  fmall  and  decayed  fortune,  and  of  no 
"  good  education ;  having  been  few  years  before  compelled 
"  to  fly  the  kingdom,  to  avoid  the  hand  of  juftice  for  fome 
"  riotous  mifdemeanour  ...  he  was  fo  little  known,  except 
"  upon  the  difadvantage  of  an  ill  character,  that,  in  the  moft 
"  dutiful  time,  the  promotion  would   have   appeared    very 
"  ungrateful."     And  then  follows  one  of  thole  fentences  of  Clouds  of 
endlefs  involution,  and  confufion  of  all  relatives  and  ante-  words, 
cedents,  fiom  which  it  is  extremely  difficult  to  elicit  the  precife 
meaning.    He  alTerts  that  Lunlford's  appointment  was  fecretly 
the  work  of  Lord  Digby,  who  had  meant  to  give  it  to  his 
brother,  "  but  he  (the  brother)  being  not  at  that  time  in  town, 
"  and  the  other  "  (ftriftly  this  ought  to  mean  the  king,  but 
Lord   Digby    feeins    really    meant)    "  having   fome   fecret  Digby  the 
"  reafon  (which  was  not  a  good  one)  "  the  latter  words  alfo  'fcapegoat. 
are  erafed  from  the  ordinary  editions — "to  fill  that  place  in 
"  the  inftant  with  a  man  who  might  be  trufted  ;  he  fuddenly 
"  refolved  upon  this  gentleman,  as  one  who  would  be  faithful 
**  to  him  for  the  obligation,  and  execute  anything  he  ftiould 
"  defire  or  direft," — hold  faft  the  five  members,  for  example, 
if  he  could  once  get  them  ftiut  up  in  the  Tower  ?     But  how 
monftrous  the  attempt  of  Clarendon  to  put  up  Digby  in  iuch 
a  purpofe  as  the  'fcapegoat  for  the  King — if  (which  perhaps 
is  doubtful)  the  laft  quoted  "^^"  muft  be  taken  to  ftand  for 
Digby  and  not  for  the  King  himfelf. 

d3 


36 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 


A  man  to 

execute 

anything: 


and  keep 

the  five 

members, 

once 

arrefted, 

fafe. 


Lords  who 
fided  with 
majority  in 
Commons. 


Duke  of 
Rich- 
mond's 
fally:  26th 
Jan. 
1641-2. 


was  fuddenly  refolved  upon  as  one  who  would 
be  faithful  for  this  obligation,  and  execute  any- 
thing that  fhould  be  defined  or  direded.  A 
laboured  periphrafis,  which  Bifhop  Warburton 
puts  into  plain  fpeech  when  he  writes  upon  the 
margin  of  the  page  containing  it,  that  the 
objed:  was  "  to  keep  the  five  members  fafe 
"whom  it  was  determined  to  arrefl:."  *^  So 
"  as  now,"  writes  D'Ewes,  in  that  entry  of 
his  Journal  of  the  24th  of  December  which 
reports  the  difcuflion  upon  Lunfford's  cha- 
rader,  preferves  the  angry  fpeeches  refpeding 
him  of  the  members  for  York,  Middlefex, 
and  Efifex  (Sir  William  Alifon,  Sir  Gilbert 
Gerrard,  and  Sir  William  Mafham),  fets  down 
the  King's  proclamation  confirming  the  appoint- 
ment, and  laments  over  the  vote  of  the  Lords 
declining  to  join  the  Commons  in  prayers  that 
it  fhould  be  cancelled,*  "  So  as  now  all  things 

*  The  minority  of  twenty- two  peers  who  protefted  againft 
this  too  fcrupulous  objection  to  interfere  with  the  King's 
prerogative  of  placing  or  difpUcing  his  officers,  gives  us  the 
names  of  the  leading  members  of  the  popular  party  in  the 
Upper  Houfe.  They  were  the  Earls  of  Northumberland, 
Edcx,  Pembroke,  Bedford,  Warwick,  Bolingbroke,  Newport, 
Suffolk,  Carlifle,  Holland,  Clare,  and  Stamford,  and  the  Lords 
Say  and  Seale  (old  Subtlety  as  he  was  called),  Wharton,  St. 
John,  Spencer,  North,  Kimbolton,  Brooke,  Grey  de  Werk, 
Robartes,  and  Howard  de  Efcricke.  It  may  be  worth  adding 
that,  a  very  few  weeks  later,  upon  the  incident  of  the  26th 
Jan.  1641-2,  when  the  Duke  of  Richmond  perpetrated  his 
famous  fally  of  propofing  to  evade  the  Militia  bill,  lent 
up  from  the  Commons,  by  adjourning  for  fix  months, 
twenty- four  Peers  entered  a  proteft  againft  the  vote  requiring 
the  Duke  to  make  fubmiflion  and  alk  pardon,  as  **  not  a 
"  fufficicnt  puniftiment  for  words  of  that  daingerous  confe- 
"  quence."     On   this   occafion   feventeen   of   the   foregoing 


§  IV.     Fatal  Mijiakes,  37 

*^  haften   apace   to    confufion   and    calamity  ;  Evil  fore- 

r  I'lT/-  r  rry  'y  •      bodings  of 

*Mrom  which  1  Icarce  lee  any   pombihty  in  sir  Simon 

"  human    reafon    for   this  poor    Church   and  ^'^^es. 

"  Kingdom  to  be  delivered.     My  hope  only 

"is  in  the  goodnefs  of  that  God  who  hath 

"  feveral  times  during  this  parliament  already 

"  been  feen  in  the  Mount,  and  delivered  us 

"  beyond  the  expedlations  of  ourfelves  and  of 

"  our  enemies,  from  the  jawsof  deftruction."* 

An  addrefs   for  Lunfford's  removal  was  that  Addrefs 

day   voted  in    the   Lower  Houfe   without   a  L°y^fj-Q°j,. 

diflentient   voice  ;    and    the  Conftable  of  the  removal. 

Tower,  the  Earl  of  Newport,  was  requefted 

for  the  prefent  to  take  command  of  the  place 

and  to  lodge  therein. 

The  defire  of  the  Houfe  was  conveyed  to 
Lord  Newport  by  Sir  Thomas  Harrington  and 
Mr.  Henry  Marten,  who  were  informed  there- 
upon that  hewas  no  longer  Conftable.  The  King  Difmiflal 
had  fuddenly  difmifled  him  for  an  alleged  dif-  Newport, 
loyal  fpeech  during  the  royal  abfence  in  Scotland. 
The  incident  further  ftiows  in  what  diredion 
all   was    now   rapidly   tending.      The   charge  The 
again  ft  Lord  Newport  was  that  on  the  occa-  againft 
iion  of  a  meeting  held  at  Kenfington,  at  which  him : 
Pym  and  Lord  Kimbolton  were  prefent,  as  well 


names  reappeared,  with  omifHon  of  thofe  of  Lords  Newport, 
Carlifle,  Clare,  Say  and  Scale,  and  North,  but  with  addition 
of  thole  of  the  Earls  of  Lincoln  and  Leicefter,  of  Vifcount 
Conway,  and  of  Lords  Chandois,  Hiindfdon,  Paget,  and 
Willoughby  de  Parham.  See  Sir  Ralph  Veiney^s  Notes, 
p.  149.  *  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  278  b. 


38  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 

A  pro-      as  Nathaniel    Fiennes,    his   father  Lord  Say 
Sze  hofta- ^"<i    Seale    (old    Subtlety),    Lord    Wharton, 
ges  for  the  Lord  Dungarvon,  and  Sir  John  Clotworthy, 
good  faith,  upon    fome    difcourfe    of     an    apprehended 
defign    to  overawe  the  Parliament  by  means 
of  the    army    of   the   North,    the    Earl    had 
remarked,    "  If   there    be    fuch    a   plot,    yet 
"  here  are   his  wife  and  children,"*   meaning 
that  thefe  might  be  feized  as  hoftages.    Taxed 
with  the  words    by  the    King  himfelf,   Lord 
Newport  indignantly  denied  them :  upon  which, 
with  infulting  addition,  the  queftion  was  re- 
The  lie     peated  :  "  You  can  tell  me  nothing  more  than 
Lord         "  I    know    already  ;     therefore    confider   well 
^^h^d'^*'   "  what  you  anfwer."    Lord  Newport  anfwered 
with  vehement  repetition  of   his  denial ;  and 
the  King,  contemptuoufly  profefling  forrow  for 
his  Lordftiip's  memory,  intimated  that  he  was 
no  longer  Conftable  of  the  Tower,  and  turned 
upon  his  heel.     That  was  on  the  afternoon  of 
Friday  the  24th  December.     On  Wednefday 
the   29th    the    King    informed  the  Houfe  of 
The  lie      Lords  that  he  had  never  believed  the  charge 
Dec.a9th.  ^S^^"^  the  Earl,  and  defired  it  to  be  with- 
drawn. 

Such  was  the  wonderful,  the  almoft  incre- 
dible levity  of  Charles  the  Firft,  in  matters  of 
Warnings  accufation    the    moft    grave.       Between    that 
interval.     24th   and    29th   of  December  the  afped   of 

*   See    Commons    Journals   (Tuefday    28th    December), 
ii.  359. 


§  V.     Pym  and  the  King.  39 

affairs    had    grown    more    ferious,    frequent  Sudden 
gatherings  together  of  large  numbers  of  the  [^e  icing, 
people  ]iad  increafed,  difcontent  took  a  threaten- 
ing afpedt,  and  on  the  eve  of  the  moft  defperate 
refolution  of  his  life,   his  wavering  irrefolute 
temper  Teemed  to  have  yielded  fuddenly.     The 
withdrawal  of  the  charge  againft  Lord  Newport 
was  one  indication ;  but  another,  much  more  Extraor- 
remarkable,  and  hitherto  unfufpedled   by  any  deitemiina- 
hiftorian,  is  now  to  be  difclofed.  t'on  taken. 

§  V.    Pym  and  the  King. 

Beyond  all  queftion  the  moft  popular  man  Popularity 
in    England   at    this   time   was    Pym.      Thej^^^^j^^ 
attempts  made  upon  his  life  during  the  debates  of  the 
on  the  Remonftrance,  and  above  all  the  vic- 
tory obtained  in  that  ftruggle,  had  raifed  him 
even  higher  than  during  the  memorable  con- 
fli6l  with  Strafford.     It  was  not  fimply  that 
ne  was    the   foremoft  man  in  the  Parliament 
by  which  fo  much  had  been  achieved  for  the 
people,    or   that    its    very    exiftence    was    in     • 
fome  meafure  due  to  him,  but    alfo  that  heitscaufes. 
alone   reprefented    in   his   perfon    the    parlia- 
ments   of   former   years,    and    thofe    ufages 
and  precedents,    become  fince   the  very  bul- 
warks of  freedom,  which  had  only  then  been 
won  by  the  hard  and  defperate  endurance,  the 
long   imprifonments,  not   feldom  the  deaths, 
of  the   great    men  of  the  paft.     In  him  the 
people  ftill  faw  the  Cokes,  the  Eliots,  the  Sir 


40  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

Pymim-    Robert    Cottons,*    remembered  and  honored 
for  h^r       ^^  ^'^^  earlieft  martyrs  pf   the    Stuart  Kings, 
opinions     He  had    himfelf  been  the  inmate  of  a  ftate 
prifon,  as  the  reward  for  his  condud:  as  a  repre- 
fentative  of  the  people,  now  nearly  eight-and- 
twenty    years   ago.     He  had    been  a  leading 
member    in    that    wife    and    noble    afiembly 
Amcmber which   met   in   1620,   and   abolifhed   the  in- 
Uamentof  fa^nious    monopolies  at  that   time   eating  out 
1620.        the  heart  of  the  kingdom. f   He  was  one  of  the 
twelve  who  carried  their  famous  declaration  to 
King  James  at  Newmarket,  when  the  quick- 
witted fhrewd  old  monarch  called  out,  ''Chairs! 
One  of      "  chairs  !  here  be  twal  kynges  comin  !  "    In  all 
F^I^r^^  the    fubfequent    parliaments  of  that  and  the 
"twelve     fucceeding  reign  he  had  played  a  diftinguifhed 
'"^  ■    part ;  and  when,   after   intermiflion  of  thofe 
conventions  for   twelve  years,  they  met  once 
more   in  April    1640,   and  men  gazed  upon 
each  other  looking  who  fhould  begin,  much 

Antiquary      *  O"  pretence  of  a  charge  that  he  had  furniftied  precedents 

Cotton's      ^°  Sclden  and   Eliot,  Sir  Robert  Cotton's  noble  library  was 

fufFerines    f^ized  and  held  by  the  King,  and  unable  to  furvive  its  lofs 

at  feizure     '^e  great  fcholar  died.     "When,"  fays  D'Ewes,  "  I  went 

of  his  "  fsvcral  times  to  vifit  and  comfort  him  in  the  year   1630,  he 

library.        "  would  tell  me  they  had  broken  his  heart  that  had  locked  up 

"  his  library  from  him   .   .   .     He  was  fo  outworn  within  a 

"  few  months,  with  anguifh  and  grief,  as  his  fare,  which  had 

"  formerly  been  ruddy  and  well  colored,  was  wholly  changed 

"  into  a  grim  and  blackifh  palencfs,  near  to  the  refemblance 

,  "  and  hue  of  a  dead  vilage."     A  few  months  afterward  he 

was  dead. 

-f-  "  A  parliament"  it  is  well  faid  by  the  leading  liberal 
ftatefman  of  our  time,  "  to  which  every  Engliftiman  ought 
"  to  look  back  with  reverence."  Lord  John  RuflTcli's  Effay 
on  the  Hijlory  of  the  Englijh  Go'vernment  and  Conjlitution,  p.  50. 


§  V.     Pym  and  the  King.  41 

the  greater  part,   as   Clarendon    fays,   having  Rifes  to 
never  before  fat  in  Parliament,  there  quietly  of^i^er- 
arofe  to  his  place  at  their  head  the  man  above  April, 
all  others  quarifiedKyexperience7by  eloquence, 
and  by  courage  to  lead  the  LngJilh  people.     It 
was"then  thaT'PyTnV'fextreme  intiuence  ftruclc 
root,  and  his  name  became  a  word  familiar  over 
England.      This   was   he  who,   in    tKaf  brief 
PaflTament  fo   fatally  diflblved,  had  told  the 
wonderful  ftory  of  their  wrongs,  which  was  all 
it  bequeathed  to  the  fufFering  millions.     This 
was  he  who  chiefly  had  wrefted  from  the  Court 
Its  affent  to  the  greater  and  ftronger  Parliament, 
from  which  at  laft  redrefs  was  come.     This  was 
he  who,  on  the  ifTue  of  the  writs  for  that  memo-  Qualities 
rable  aflembly,  had   with     Hampden    ridden  y-^ces^'^" 
England  through,   to  urge  upon  all  its  inha-  ^hich  er- 

,  .   «- j—  .      .      .  1      1     •        •    1  1        r   deared  him 

Ditants  their  duties  and  their  right,  to  choole  to  the 
honeftiy  and  petition  freely.  This  finally  was  People, 
he  who  fince  had  broken  down  for  ever  the 
tyranny  of  Strafix)rd  and  of  Laud,  and  who  now 
had  publifhed  to  the  world  the  Great  Remon- 
ftrance.  Shall  we  wonder  if  every  nook  and 
corner  of  the  kingdom  were  pervaded  with  his 
influence  and  renown,  and  that,  fo  identified 
with  the  paft,  on  him  it  might  almofl:  feem 
exclufively  to  refl:  what  the  future  was  to 
bring.     "  I  think  Mr.  Pym  was  at  this  time,"  ciaren- 


to 


fays    Clarendon,  "the  mofl:  popular  man,  and  ^"^^^j^ 
"  the  mofl:  able  to  do  hurt,  that  hath  lived  in  ^yj"}_.^ 
any  time. 


t<  „.,„  .;.^^  "  popularity. 


42  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

Former  Already  once  the  King  had  turned  to  him  in 

wkhThJ  ^  ^  terrible  extremity.  When  the  fcheme  was 
King.  on  foot  to  fave  the  life  of  Strafford  he  had 
offered  Pym  the  Chancellorfhip  of  the  Exche- 
quer. Clarendon,  who  ftates  the  matter  not 
unfairly,  fays  the  offer  came  too  late,  for  that 
Pym  and  his  friends  could  not  then  permit 
the  Earl  to  live ;  and  he  regrets  its  failure  on 
the  ground  that  it  would  have  given  the  King 
fome  able  men  to  advife  and  afTifl  him.* 
Strange  and  flartling  as  it  feems,  amid  the 
events  I  am  here  defcribing,  the  King  appears 
to  have  now  again,  even  with  what  he  after- 
wards alleged  to  be  the  proof  of  treafon  in  his 
Negotia-  hand,  opened  a  negotiation  with  the  parliament- 
opene^^^'"  ary  leader  for  acceptance  of  the  fame  office. 
The  details  1  have  not  been  able  to  afcertain, 

Why  the         *  There  is  much  befide  faid  by  Clarendon  on  this  head. 

Kind's        which,  though  coloured   of  courfe  by   his  peculiar  manner 

efforts  to     ^"^  tone,  throws  light  upon  the  real  caufes  of  the  failure  of 

conciliate    t^^ery   effort  at  accomoda  ion  :   "  But  the  rule  the  King  gave 

failed  "  himf'^lf  (very  realonable  at  another  time)  that  they  fhould 

"  firft   do  lervice  and  compafs  this  or  that  thing  for  him, 

"  before  they  fhould  receive  favour,  was  then  very  unfeafon- 

"  able  ;  fince,  befides  that  they  could  not  in  truth  do  him  that 

"  fervice  without  the  qualification,  it  could  not  be  expefted 

•'  they  would  defert  that  fide,  by  the  power  of  which  they 

"  were   liire   to  make    themfelves  confiderabie,  without    an 

"  unqueltionable  mark  of  intereft  in  the  other,  by  which  they 

"  were    to  keep  up  their  power  and    reputation.     And    fo, 

"  whillf  the  King  expefted  they  fhould  manifcft  their  inclina- 

i  "  tions  to  his  fervice  by  their  temper  and  moderation  in  thofe 

'  "  proceedings  that  molt  offended  him,  and  they  endeavoured, 

"  by  doing  all  the  hurt  they  could,  to  make  evident  the  power 

"  they   had  to  do  him  good,  he  grew  lb  far  diiobliged  and 

"  provoked  that  he  could  not  in  honour  gratify  them,  and 

"  they  fo  obnoxious  and  guilty  that  they  could  not  think 

"  themfelves  fecure  in  his  favour."     Hiji.  ii.  6i. 


§  V.     Pym  and  the  King.  43 

beyond    the    fadl    that    the  offer  was    made 
to   Pym    alone.       King    Pym*     the    people 

*  The  reader  may  perhaps  be  amufed  by  one  or  two  Royalift 
examples  of  the  ufc  the  RoyaliU  libellers  made  of  this  libellers 
epithet.     As  thus  :  of  Pym. 

Your  ferious  fubtilty  is  grown  fo  grave, 
We  dare  not  tell  you  how  much  power  you  have. 
At  leaft  you  dare  not  hear  us.     How  you  frown 

If  we  but  fay,  King  Pym  wears  Charles's  crown ! 
*  *  *  * 

Well,  we  vow 
Not  to  aft  anything  you  difallow  : 
We  will  not  dare  at  your  itrange  votes  to  jeer 
Nor  perfonate  King  Pym  with  his  ftate-flear! 

The  Players''  Petition. 
Or  again  :  from  Pym's  Anarchy : 

Alk  me  no  more  why  Strafford's  dead,  Things 

And  why  we  aimed  fo  at  his  head  ?  done  when 

Faith,  all  the  anl'wer  I  can  give,  Pym  was 

'Tis  thought  he  was  too  wile  to  live  !  King. 

«  *  •  « 

Aflc  me  no  more  why  in  this  age 

I  fing  fo  Iharp  without  a  cage  .... 

This  anfwer  I  in  brief  do  fing  ; 

All  things  were  thus  when  Pym  was  King. 

Or,  from  the  Ne--w  Diurnall: 

And  yet  their  Rebellion  fo  neatly  they  trim 

They  fight  for  the  King,  but  they  mean  for  King  Pym. 

Or,  from  that  Epigram  upon  The  Parliament's  Beliefs  which 
fhows  how  far  fuch  libellers  could  go  : 

Is  there  no  God  ?  let's  put  it  to  a  vote. 
Is  there  no  Church  ?  lome  fools  fay  fo  by  rote. 
Is  there  no  King,  but  Pym,  for  to  alTent 

What  (hall  be  done  by  Aft  of  Parliament  ?  A  pro- 

No  God,  no  Church,  no  King — then  all  were  well  poled 

If  they  could  but  enaft  there  were  no  Hell.  enaftment. 

Or,  from  the  Ca'valier's  Prayer  ; 

Lawn  fleeves  and  furplices  muft  go  down. 
For  why,  King  Pym  doth  fway  the  crown — 
But  all  are  Bifhops  that  wear  a  Black  Gown, 

Which  nobody  can  deny. 

Or,  finally  (for  fuch  illuftrations  might  be  indefinitely  pro- 
longed),  from   the   libel   of   which  the   opening    lines  alfo 


44 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


King 
Pym: 


Secret   in- 
fluence 
over 
King 
Charles. 


Chides  the 
members 
for  late 
attend- 
ance. 


Happieft 
in  ftorms. 


called  him  ;  and  the  incident,  one  of  the  laft 
before  the  country  feparated  into  two  hoftile 
camps,  and  hardly  credible  if  fimply  related 
as  from  King  to  fubjedt,  might  indeed  rather 
feem  to  exprefs  the  relation  of  fovereign  to 
fovereign.  But  Charles  had  always,  as  will 
fufficiently  be  {t^n  throughout  this  narra- 
tive, a  feeling  towards  the  great  leader  of 
the  oppofition  againft  him,  which  appeared 
ftrangely  to  fluduate  between  defire  and  dread. 
In  the  correfpondence  between  himfelf  and 
his  Queen,  Pym's  name  is  that  which  moft 
frequently  occurs,  whether  the  defign  be  to 
inveigle  and  fnare,  or  more  openly  to  denounce, 
the  moft  powerful  of  the  parliamentary 
leaders  ;*  and  even  in  the  Royalift  fongs 
againft  the  popular  tribune  there  is  that  which 
exprefles,  though  very  often  in  moft  extrava- 

curioufly  refleft  Pym's  continuous  and  zealous  efforts  to 
enforce  that  early  and  full  attendance  at  the  Houfe  in  which 
fo  many  members  of  even  the  popular  party  were  fo  fre- 
quently lemil's  : 

Tiuth !  I  could  chide  you  Friends  !  why  how  fo  late  ? 
My  watch  fpeaks  eight  and  not  one  pin  o  th'  ftate 
This  day  undone  !     Can  fuch  remilncflc  fit 
Your  a(!-l:ive  Ipirits,  or  my  more  Hcliifti  wit  ? 
The  fun  each  Itep  he  mounts  to  Heaven's  crown, 

Whilft  Pym  commands,  Ihould  fee  a  kingdome  down. 

•  #  *  « 

Thus  whilom  feated  was  Great  James's  Heir 

Juft  as  you  fee  me  now,  i'  th'  Kingdom's  Chair. 

•  ♦  •  * 

Calmes  proper  are  for  guiltlelfe  fons  of  Peace, 
Our  veflcls  bear  out  belt  in  Itormy  feas. 
Charles  muft  not  reign  lecure  whilft  reigns  a  Pym  : 
The  fun,  if  it  rife  with  us,  mult  let  with  him. 

PyTrCs  Jun^Oy  1640. 
*  See  my  Hijl.  &  Biog.  EJajs,  i.  19. 


ment. 


§  V.     Pym  and  the  King.  45 

gant  forms,  a  fomething  that  yet  involves  him  Songs  and 
more  clofely  with  the  King  than  is  attempted  againft  the 
againft  any  other  of  the  zealous  and  adive  men  P^rha- 
upon  whom  thofe  recklefs  libellers  emptied 
moft  eagerly  their  ribaldry  and  fcorn.* 

*  For  one  inftance  take  the  following :  felefted  from  many 
of  a  fimilar  charafter: 

(TAe  Humble  Petition  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons). 

Next,  for  the  State,  we  think  it  fit 
That  Mr.  Pym  (hould  govern  it, 

He's  very  poor: 
The  money  that's  for  Ireland  writ. 
Faith,  let  them  have  the  Devil  a  bit, 

We'll  afk  no  more. 

(The  King^s  Anfuuer  to  the  Humble  Petition). 

When  you  no  more  (hall  dare  hereafter 

A  needlefle  thing  which  gains  much  laughter,  i;  "^  ^" 

Granted  before ;  (^v■• 
When  Pym  is  fent  Irelan  J  to  (laughter  u^  * 

And  ne'er  more  hopes  to  marry  my  daughter,  dauj^n- 

You'U  alk  no  more.  ^^^' 

To  this  I  may  add  fome  lines  Upon  Mr.  Pym's  Pic- 
ture, which  through  all  their  violent  abufe  yet  exprefs  a 
kind  of  awe  and  terror  at  the  man's  predominance  and  power. 

Reader,  behold  the  counterfeit  of  him  Pym's 

Who  now  controuls  the  Land — Almighty  Pym  !  pifture 

A  man  whom  even  the  Devil  to  fear  begins. 
And  dares  not  trull  him  with  fuccelTlefs  fins. 
A  man  who  now  is  wading  through  the  Flood 
Of  reverend  Laud's  and  noble  Strafford's  blood,. 
To  ftrike  fo  high  as  to  put  Bifhops  down 
And  in  the  Mitre  to  controul  the  Crown. 

The  wretch  hath  mighty  thoughts,  and  entertains 

Some  glorious  mifchief  in  his  a6live  brains,  Muft 

Where  now  he's  plotting  to  make  England  fuch  avoid 

As  may  outvie  the  viilany  of  the  Dutch  :  Heaven 

He  dares  not  go  to  Heaven,  'caufe  he  doth  feare  for  fear  of 

To  meet  (and  not  pull  down)  the  Billiops  there !  Bilhops. 

Is  it  not  ftrange  that  in  that  Ihuttle  head 
Three  kingdomes'  ruines  Ihould  be  buried  ? 


46  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

Pym's  Remarkable    in    every    refped;  Indeed   was 

tional "'    the  mingled  influence  exerted  by  this  famous 
opinions,    member  of  the  Commons  over  the  Sovereign 
whofe  defliny  he  fo  largely  controlled,  and  who 
never  feems  to  have  ralfed  againfl  him  the  hand 
to  ftrike  but  with  a  mifgiving  that  paralyfed  its 
aim,  and  foon  or  late  brought  himfelf  into  the 
fuppliant  pofture  to  which  he  would  have  re- 
duced hisadverfary.  Still  Pym  is  ever  the  perfon 
fingled  out  for  notice  by  Charles,  and  ftill  the 
Alter-       evil  and  the  good  alternate.    Again  and  again, 
up*fo^  ^    during  the  paper  war  which  attended  the  events 
avoidance  \  am  relating,  and  ufhered  in  the  more  terrible 
example,    war,  Charles  is  found  recurring  to  his  fpeeches 
for  caufes  of  indignant  proteft,  of  expoftulation, 
of  reproach ;  but  the  day  as  furely  comes  later  in 
the  ftruggle,  when  Pym  is  lying  in  his  grave 
in    Weftminfter    Abbey,*  when  his    place    is 
occupied  by  flerner  and  lefs  fcrupulous  men, 
and  when  the  poor  King  is  fain  to  ranfack  the 
Charaaer-  very  fpeeches  in  which  once  he  found  nothing 
omtory.  '^  ^^^  rebellion,  for  maxims  of  conftitutional  lore, 
for  juft  expofitions  of  the  monarchy,  for  coun- 
fels    to    refped    the   law.      Thefe,   the    moft 

Is  it  not  ftrange  there  ftiould  be  hatch'd  a  Plot 
Which  fhould  outdoe  the  Tieafon  ot  the  Scot, 
And  even  the  malice  of  a  Puritan  ? 

Reader  behold,  and  hate  the  poyfonous  man  ! 

The  Piflure'b  like  him  :  yet  'tis  very  fit 

He  adde  one  likenefs  more — that's — Hang,  like  it ! 

Pym's  laft  *  "  Mr.  Pym  was  buried  with  wonderful  pomp  and  mag- 
refting-  "  nifirence  in  the  place  where  the  bones  of  our  Englifh  kings 
place.  "  '^^^  princes  are  committed  to  their  reft." — Clarendon,  Hiji. 

iv.  44.1. 


§  V.      Pym  and  the  King.  47 

ftrlklng  qualities  of  the  orator,  and  from  which  Chancel- 
even  Charles  could  not  turn  away  altogether  Exchequer 
unheeding,  may  indeed  have  had  fome  influence  ^gain 
thus  early  in  bringing  about  a  renewal  of  the  to  Pym. 
offer  of  the  Chancellorfhip  of  the  Exchequer. 
Clarendon   evidently  thought    fo.      He   does 
not  refer  to  it  in  exprefs  terms ;    but  he  helps 
materially  to  explain  it  when  he  intimates  that 
even  Hampden's  acceflion,  after  his  return  from 
Scotland,  to  what  was  called  the  root  and  branch 
party  in  tl  e  State,  had  not  entirely  carried  Pym  pym  lefs 
along  with   it  ;*  that  the  member  for   Tavif-  ^^^^^^ 

.  .    .  .         than 

tock  had  no  infuperable  diflike  to  the  conftitu-  Hampden, 
tion  of  the  Englifli  Church,  apart  from  Laud's 
grofs  and  cruel  adminiftration   of  it;  and  that 
in  confenting  to  let  Pym  fave  the   Monarchy, 
Epifcopacy  alfo  might  be  faved.     Be  this  as  it 
may,  the  offer  came  too  late.     In  the  authority  The  ofFer  ' 
from  which  my  information  is  derived,  there  ^^^  ^°° 
is  nothing  to  explain  the  circumftances  of  it, 
and  I  cannot  difcover  that  Pym  himfelf  made 

*  "  Mr.  Pym  was  not  of  thofe  furious  refolutions  againft  Pym  not 
"  the  Church  as  the  other  leading  men  were,  and   wholly  adverfe  to 
"  devoted  to  the  Earl  of  Bedford,  who  had  nothing  of  that  the 
"  fpirit." — Hijl.  i.  323.    "  In  the  Houfeof  Commons,  though  Church  : 
"  of  the   chief   leaders  Nathaniel    Fiennes    and   young    Sir 
"  Harry  Vane,  and  (hortly  after  Mr.  Hampden  (who  had 
"  not  before    owned  it),    were  believed   to  be  for  root  and 
"  branch  ;  which   grew  (hortly  after  a    common  exprefTion, 
"  and  difcovei-y  of  the  feveral  tempers  ;  yet  Mr.  Pym  was  not 
"  of  that  mind,  nor  Mr.  Hollis."   lb.  i.  4.10.    "  Mr.  Pym  was 
"concerned  and  paflionate  in  the  jealoufies  of  religion,  and 
"  much  troubled  with  the  countenance  which  had  been  given  But  to 
'*  to  thofe  opinions  that  had  been  imputed  to  Arminius.  .   .   .  Arminian 
"  yet  himfelf  profefled  to  be  very  entire   to  the  doftrine  and  pradlices. 
•  difcipline  or  the  Church  of  England." — lb.  iv.  437. 


48 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 


King's 
offer: 


Rejefts  it. 


Pym  filent  afterwards  the  remoteft  allufion  to  It.  It  is 
hardly  likely  indeed  that  any  fuch  reference 
from  him  would  have  been  compatible  with 
the  terms  on  which  it  was  fubmitted,  with  the 
refpedl  ftill  necelTarily  paid  to  Charles,  or  with 
the  fafety  of  his  own  pofition  among  the  ex- 
treme members  of  the  Commons.  But  Pym 
mufl  well  have  known  his  danger  in  declining 
the  offer,  and  that  it  thickened  the  royal  fnares 
which  already  were  fpread  around  him. 

The  fad  is  at  any  rate  indifputable,  that  fuch 

an  offer  was  fpecifically  made  and  rejeded.     It 

refts  on  the  authority  of  the  member  for  Kent, 

Sir  Edward  Bering,  whofe  fervices  to  the  Court 

in  the    debates  on   the  Grand   Remonftrance 

had  won  him  recent  and  grateful  acceptance 

there  ;  and  whofe  colleague  in  the  reprefenta- 

tion    of  the    county,     Sir     John     Culpeper, 

13th  Jan.  received  the  office  on  Pym  declining  it.     In  a 

^  '^^''^ ''     private  letter  to  Lady  Bering,  written  early  in 

January,    containing    other     evidence   of   his 

favor  at  Court   and  with  the  Queen,  he  tells 

her  :   "  The  King  is  too  flexible  and  too  good- 

"  natured ;    for   within   two    howers,    and    a 

'*  greate  deale  leffe,  before  he  made  Culpeper 

Defcribes   "  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  he  had  fente  a 

overturVto  "  meffengcr    to    bring  Pym  unto    him,   and 

Pym.        <<  wold  have  given  him  that  place."*     Cul- 

*  Since  this  letter  was  obligingly  communicated  to  me,  it 
has  been,  with  many  other  very  interelling  papers  from  the 
Surrenden  manulcripts,  placed  for  publication  in  the  hands 
of  the  Camden  Society  by  the  Rev.  Lambert  Larking,  and 


Sir 

Edward 
Dering 
to  Lady 
Dering, 


§  V.      Pym  and  the  King,  49 

peper's  patent  is  not  dated   until  the  7th  of  Culpeper 
January,   but    the   office   had    been   given  to  what'pym 
him  feveral  days  before,  and  he  had  taken  his  ^^'^  '^^- 
feat  at  the  Council  Board  on  New  Year's  Day.  January, 
The  exadl  period  of  the  offer  to  Pym  can  only  ^^4^-*- 
now  be  guefTed   at,   but    we    may  narrow    it 
within  the  limits  of  the  laft  half  of  December. 

Thofe  days  had  feen  feveral  changes.  The 
feals,  which  Windebank  had  voided  by  his 
ignominious  flight,  were  given   to  Nicholas.* 

the  volume,  already  announced  for  publication  under   Mr.  Camden 
Larking's  editorfhip,  will  rank  appropriately  with  the  many  Society 
other  rare  and  important  illullrations  of  this  great  period  of  books, 
our  hillory  in  which  the  Camden  Colleftion  of  books  is  pecu- 
liarly rich. 

*  I  have  found  in  the  State  Paper  Office,  and  cannot  refift 
quoting,  a  letter  written  by  Windebank  from  Paris  (whither 
he  had  fucceeded  in  making  good  his  flight),  upon  hearing 
that  Nicholas  had  been  appointed  Secretary  in  his  place.  It 
exhibits  the  meannefs  of  the  man's  nature ;  but  more  than  this, 
it  ftiows  in  my  judgment  plainly  enough,  that  parliament  was 
thoroughly  jultified  in  having  charged  the  Ex-Secretary  as 
accomplice  with  the  Qiieen  in  private  and  illegal  pra61ires  to 
favour  the  Roman  Catholic  religion.  The  letter  is  aiidrcflTed  to 
his    fon    and   dated    the    zy""    (or   in  the    Englifh    Ityle    the 

17th  Dec),  1641.     '«  Tom,"  it  begins,  "your  letters Winde- 

"  were  very  wellcum  both  for  the  greate  honor  they  brought  bank  to 
"  me  from  the  Queene's  Ma:  &  the  good  news  of  your  health  his  fon, 
"  and  of  the   rell  of  myne  in  thofe  partes.     I  do  forbear  to  17th  Dec. 
"  prefent  my  moft   humble    thankes  myfelfe  to  Her  M:  for  164.1. 
"  the  fame  rcafon  that  She  in  Her  wifdom  did  not  think   fitt 
"  to  venter  a  lett'  to  me :  Yet  yo"  mult  not  fail  to  pafle  that 
"  office  in  all  humility  for  me,    acquainting  Her  M:  withall  Secret  un- 
"  that  I  never  was   in   a  condition  that  more  required  her  derftand- 
"  comfort  and  gracious  affiltance  than  now  that  1  tinde,  by  Jng  with 
"  the  dilpofing  of  the  place  I  had  the  Honor  to  holde  neere  the  Queen. 
"  His  M:,  no  hope  left  to  ferve  my  Royall   Mailer  againe, 
"  w*""  really  is  the  greateft  corofive  to  my  harte  that  can  be. 
"  I  do  acknowledge  it  is  no  more  than  I   had    reafon  to 
"  expeft,  &  I  thanic  God  I  have  had  time  to  be  prepared  for 
"  it.     Neverthclefle  now  it  is  come  I  cannot  be  fo  Itupid  as 
"  not  to  be  fenfible  of  that  w*''  ruines  me  and  my   polterity. 


j;o  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

Old  Vane  The  Court  exodus  of  Old  Vane,  whofe  staff  of 
miffed.  the  Treafuier  of  the  Houfehold  had  been  taken 
from  him  at  Newcaftle  to  be  at  York  beftowed 
on  Lord  Savile,  was  now  completed  by  the 
demand  that  he  fliould  deliver  up  the  feals  of 
Secretary,  deflgned  for  Falkland.*      The  old 

*'  nor  fo  iniurious  to  myne  owne  harte  to  think  that  after  fo 

**  many  years  painfull   &   faithfuU    fervices  to    both  their 

"MM:  I  have  delerved  it.     My  hope  is  that  His  M.  hath 

"  done  it  to  pieferve  me  from  a  greater  blow   (though  truly 

"  for  my  own  particular  &  fetting  afide  the   interelts  of  you 

"  &  the  rell  of  my  poor  children  a  greater  cold  not  falle  upon 

"  me)   &  that  knowing  my  entire  affe6lions  to  his  perfon  & 

"  fervice  moll  farr  from  the  leaft  guilte  of  any  intention  to 

"  offend,  will  in   His  Princely  Goodneffe  &  His  owne  beft 

"  tyme  vouchfafe  me   &  myne   reliefe.     In  the  meantime  I 

"  fliall  erteem   this  &   (if  occafion   ferve)   my  deereft  harte 

Grief  at      "  bloud  a  bleffcd  ficrifice,  if  they  may  contribut  any  thing  to 

lofing  "  the  redreffe  of  His  M:  affaires,  hoping  that  this  fhall  ferve 

place.  "  for  fatiifaftion  &  expiation  (even  in  the  opinion  of  the  moft 

**  fevere)  for  any    offence  taken    againft    me ;    and   fo    the 

"  difpleafure    of  the    time   relente  and  go  no   farther,    but 

"  that    I   may  be   permitted  to  retourne  to  myne  own  poor 

"  neft  in   the  Country  to   end  my  dayes  there  in   peace." 

Equally  charafteriftic  is  the  conclufion.     The  Queen  in  her 

fecret  communication  had  afked  Windebank  to  attend   the 

French  court  for  her,  and  to  this  he  pleads  unfitnefs,  by  reafon 

of  the  ftate  of  his  mind,  adding  :  "  Bcfides  I  acknowledge  I 

"  am  not  yet  in  cafe  to  appear  in  publique,  nor  can  for  the  preP 

•'  Wynne  fo  much  upon  my  felf  to  looke  upon  a  foraine  Prince 

"  w"*  any  contentment,   being    deprived   pf   the    bleffed   & 

"  gracious  afpeft  of  my  Malter." 

Winde-  *  Poor  Windebank  upon  this  writes   to   Son  Tom  from 

bank  to      Paris  |*"i„°"}  1641-2,  taking  the   ftriftly  economical  view  of 

hisfon,        Vane's  diimiflal,  "  The  newes  of  the  removall  of  Sir  Henry 

24.th  Dec.   "  Vane  from  the  place  of  Secretary  is  very  ftrange  heere,  and 

"  truly  my  owne  condition  makes  me   fenfible   of  his,  w'** 

A  fellow-  "  confidering  his  great  burden  of  children  is  very  comiferable. 

feeling.     '  "  -^"^  w"'all  I  am  infinitly  comforted  w'*"  that  of  the  D.  of 

"  Richmond  W^''  is  one  of  the  noblelt  things  the  K:  hath 

"  don  of   many  yeares  &  of  fingular   confequence   to   his 

"  fervice.     If  I   durft,  I  would  wi(h  yo"  to  congratulat  with 

"  His    Gr:  in   all  humblenefs   from    me."      It   is   quite    in 

charafler  that  Windebank  fhould  confider  the  appointment 


§  V.     Pym  and  the  King.  5 1 

man's  dlfgrace  was  but  part  of  the  punifliment  Revenge 
over  which  Charles  had  brooded  ever   fince  fojj^ 
Strafford's  trial,    which  but   for  his  weaknefs 
and  ifolation  he  would  then  have  inflidled,  and 
which  now  he  thought  himfelf  ftrong  enough 
to  inflid,  not  fimply  on  Vane  himfelf  but  on 
his  fon.     Young  Vane,  who  held  the  office  of 
joint  Treafurer  of  the  Navy  with  Sir  William  Young 
RufTell,  was  ordered  fuddenly  to  fend  in  his  Z\S^£. 
accounts   preparatory  to  the   IfTue   of  a   new 
patent   without   his   name.*      We   learn  this 
from  the  letter  of  another    correfpondent  of 
Pennington's,    Captain   Carterett,    a    man  of 

of  an  amiable  young  Duke  to  an  office  in  the   Houfehold  as 
the  nobleft  and  wifelt  aft  of  his  glorious  mafter. 

*  Admiral   Pennington's  defire   (already  adverted  to)  to  Admiral 
have  had  this  office  for  himfelf,  feems  to  have  been  generally  Penning- 
underftood  by  his  friends  j  and  upon  the  fa6t  of  Young  Vane's  ton  look- 
difmiffal  being  firft  known,   Capt.  Dowfe,  ignorant  of  the  ing  for 
Admiral's  intimation  to  the  Under  Secretary  that  he  did  not  Young 
wifti  the  matter  preffed  for  the  prefent,  went  and  afked  the  Vane's 
office  from  the  Lord  Admiral,  the  Earl  of  Northumberland.  Office. 
His  note   (in  the  State  Paper  Office)  proves  that  the  gift  of 
the  office  to  Strafford's  friend  Pennyman  was  the  King's 
perfonal  aft.     "  Noble  Sir,"  he  writes  from  York  Houfe  on  Captain 
Dec.  the  30th,  "  Upon  the  firft  notice  of  Sir  Henry  Vane  his  Dowfe  to 
•'  being  difcharged  of  the  Treafurer's  place  of  the  Navy  I  Penning- 
"  did  (as  I  have  written  to  you  before)  repaire  to  my  Lord  to  ton,  30th 
"  defire  his  LqP  to  remember  your  name  to   the  King,  if  his  Dec. 
"  Ma'y  did  put  by  Sir  Henry  Vane.     My  Lord  told  me  then 
"  that  S'  Henry  Vane  was  not  abfolutely  difmifled  until   his 
"  accounts  were  perfefted  for  the  whole  yeare."     A  fecond 
time  he  waited  on  the  Earl ;  but  "  My  Lord  told   me  then 
"  that  the  King  had  beftowed  the  place  upon  Sir  William 
"  Pennyman,  but  if  he  could   doe  you  any  fervice  in  it,  he 
"  would  doe  it.     Soe  wifhing  you  a  Merry  Chriftmas  I  reft 
"  &c."     So  long  previoufly  as  the   i6th   December  Capt. 
Slingftjy  had  written  decifively  to  the  Admiral  "  Sir  Henry 
"  Vane  the  Younger  is  difmift  of  his  Treafurerfhippe  of  the 
"  Navy,  and  Sir  William  Pennyman  in  his  place." 

e2 


52  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

Captain     great  worth  and  diftindlion,  who  held  the  office 

of  Comptroller  of  the  Navy,   and  was,  fays 

Clarendon,  of  great  eminency  and  reputation 

in  naval  command.*     Charles  had  alfo  further 

refolved,    to    exprefs    more    plainly    the    ill- 

advifed  challenge  he  was  thus  flinging   down 

to  the   Houfe   of  Commons,    to  beftow  the 

Young      office     on    Strafford's    agent    and    follower, 

Jeeded  by  ^ir    William    Pennyman.      "  This    much    I 

a  friend  of "  knowe,"    writes    Captain    Carterett   on  the 

23rd  December,  to  the  Admiral  of  the  fleet 

in    the   Downs, f    "  that   the  attorney  hath  a 

Captain     "  warrant  for  to  prepaire  a  bill  for  the  drawinge 

Carterett  •    .  . 

to  Pen-      "  ^  patente  for  S'"  William  Ruflell   alone,   his 

"'"Ston,     <c  joyned  patente  with  S''  Hen.   Vane   being 

1641.         "  recalled    in,  w'^^  the  Parliament  doth  take 

"  fomething  ill.     For  it  feemes  that  S'  Hen^ 

"  Vane  the  Younger  is  much  efteemed  in  the 

*'  Houfe  of  Commons  :  but  I  doe  not  heare 

"  the  licke  of  his  father,  but  rather  that  hee 

"  hath  loft  the  good  oppinion  of  both  fides.'' 

It  might  be  fo,  but  not  in  that  hour  of  Court 

disfavor  would  Pym  have  it  thought  fo  by 

Pym  wel-  the  Court.     He  welcomed   into  the  popular 

Va'Urinto   ranks  the  old  fervant  of  the  King  by  adding 

thepopu-   }iis   name   to  the  feledt  committee   for   Irifti 

lar  ranks. 

*  See  Hiji.  iii.  115.     Carterett's   intereft  and  reputation  in 
I  the  navy,  according  to  the  hiftorian,   was  fo  great,  and  his 

diligence  and  dexterity  in  command  fo  eminent,  that  the  Par- 
liament, in  a  crifis  of  much  difficulty,  notwithftanding  his 
Royalift  opinions,  named  him  for  their  Vice- Admiral. 

•f  MS.  State  Paper  Office.     Carterett  to  Pennington,  23rd 
Dec.  1641. 


§  V.     Pym  and  the  King,  j;  j 

affairs;  and  on  the  fame  23rd  of  December,  The 
when  Carterett  fo  wrote  to  his  Admiral,  Under  Secretary 
Secretary  Sidney  Bere,  employed  with  Nicholas  ^V}^^-   j 
at    Whitehall,   was  writing  thus  to  the  fame  23rd  Dec. 
correfpondent :  *   '^  I  can  now  give  you  this 
"  certainty,  that  a  warrant  hath  pafTed  for  the 
"  outing  young  S^  Hen.  Vane,  and  on  the  con- 
"  trary  an  order  is  made  in  the  Lower  Houfe  xhe  Com- 
*^  for  to  confider  of  fome  meanes  and  wayes™^'"^" 
"whereby  to  preferve  him  in;   fo  that  it  is  Young 
"  likely  there  will  bee  greate  debate  and  con- ^^J^j'^ '^'^"' 
"  teftation  about  this  bufinefTe."     It  became, 
in  fa6t,  a  new  caufe  of  quarrel  between  the 
Commons  and  the  King,   and  the  condud  of 
Pym  in  regard  to   it  feems  to  fhow  that  the 
ftartling  overture  fo  fuddenly  made  to  himfelf 
muft  already  have  been  made  and  rejeded. 

Upon  the  probable  motives,  as  well  for  that 
overture  itfelf  as  for  its  rejedion,  though  it  has 
been  feen  that  nothing  can  with  certainty  be 
ftated,  it  will  yet  be  not  inappropriate  to  add 
fuch  fuggeftion  here  towards  an  explanation  of 
both,  as  will  fairly  arife  out  of  a  careful  con- 
fideration  of  circumftances  attending  not  only 
the  attempt  involved  in  the  prefent  inftance.  Previous 
but  the  fimilar  attempt  which  preceded  it,  to  p^^ij 
obtain  for  the  King  the  fervice  of  fome  of  the  hisfriends: 
chiefs  who  led  the  oppofition  againft  him.     But  1641'. 
for  this  it  will  be  neceflary  to  go  back  to  a  period 

*  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  Sidney  Bere  to  Pennington,  23rd 
Dec,  1 641. 


54  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

of  nearly  four  months  before  the  opening  of 
my  narrative. 
Former  Clarendon  leaves  it  to  be  inferred  that  the 

give"office  negotiation  by  which  office  was  placed  at  the 
to  leaders   difpofal  of  the  Parliamentary   leaders  during 
Commons:  the  proceedings  againft  Strafford,  had  for  its 
fole  obje6t  the  hope  of  faving  by  fuch  means 
Not  a        the  life  of  that  great  minifter  ;  and  that  when 
STenT    this  failed,  and  Strafford's  head  had  fallen,  no 
For  faving  attempt    was   made  to   renew   the    propofal. 
'  This  however  is  not  the  fad.     Within  two 
months  of  the  execution.  Secretary  Nicholas,  in 
the  fame  letter  in  which  he  communicates  to 
Admiral  Pennington  the  vote  by  which  the 
Commons  had  fentenced  Lord  Digby's  pub- 
lifhed  fpeech   on   Strafford's  attainder   to   be 
Renewed   burnt,  and  had  declared  Lord  Digby  himfelf  to 
StrafFord's  be  for  the  future  unfit  to  hold  place  or  receive 
execution,  employment  under  the  King,  adds  this  remark- 
able poftfcript  :  "  The  Lord    Digby  was    by 
"  his    Ma"^  defigned   to    have   gonne    Lord 
*'  Ambaffador  into  Fraunce  as  foone  as  the 
"  Earl  of  Lecefter  Ihould  returne  thence,  but 
Hollisor    ''  (it  is  thought)  the  Parliament  will  difable 
Hampden  «  him  for  any  fuch  imployment.      The  fpeech 

ii3,in6Q  for  J  L       J  X. 

Secretary   "  is  that  Mr.  Hollis  or  Mr.  John  Hampden 
of  State,     cc  /^albe   Secretary  of   State,    but  the  Lord 
164-1.        "  Mandeville  doth  now  againe  put  hard  for 
"  that  place."* 

Secretary         *  State   Paper  Office.     The  letter  is   addrefled  "  To    my 
Nicholas     '<  much  efteemed  friend  Sir  John  Pennington,  Knight,  Ad- 


§  V.     Pym  and  the  King.  55 

From  this  it  is  clear  (for  no  one  had  fuch  Negotia- 
fources  of  information  as  Nicholas)  that,  not-  ^'''"y^'t^ 

•'  '  popular 

withftanding   the  execution    of    Strafford    and  leaders 
Digby's  difqualification   for  office,    the    King    ^^ 
had  ftill  a  purpofe  of  his  own  in  keeping  open 
the  negotiation  for  receiving  into  his  counfels 
the  men  who  had  ftruck  fo  heavily  againft  his 
dead  minifter  and  his  living  friend.    The  letter 
of  Nicholas  is  dated  on  the  15th  of  July,  and 
until  the  clofe  of  that  month,  indeed  as  long 
as  the  King    remained  in  London,  the   beft 
informed  of  Charles's  own  officers  of  ftate  con- 
tinued to  expedl  the  change.     In  lefs  than  a 
fortnight  Nicholas  wrote  again  as  if  all  doubts 
and  difputes  as  to  the  particular  diftribution  of 
offices  had  been  fettled.    Lord  Mandeville  and  piftribu- 
Hampden  had  in  the  interval  withdrawn  their  ^gs  fettled, 
claims  to  the  principal  Secretaryfhip  of  State  ^9th  July, 
in  favour  of  Denzil   Hollis,  while  Hampden 
was  to  take  the  Chancellorfhip  of  the  Duchy, 
Lord  Saye  and  Scale  to  be  Lord  Treafurer,  and 
the  Chancellorfhip   of  the  Exchequer  to   be, 
as  in  all  the  previous  propofed  arrangements, 
committed  to  Pym.     Nor  is  it  Nicholas  alone 
who  thus,  up  to  the  29th  July,  believes  that 

"  miral  of  His  Ma''^'  Fleete  imployed  for  garde  of  the  Narrow  ^q  Pen- 
"  Seas,  aborde  His  Ma'""  ship  the  St.  Andre,  nowe  riding  in  nington. 
"  the  Downes  or  thereaboutes.  Leave  this  with  the  Poll  ot 
"  Sandwich  to  be  conveyed."  The  exiftence  of  this  letter 
was  known  to  Lady  Therefa  Lewis.  See  her  very  interefting 
book,  in  illuftration  of  the  portraits  in  the  Clarendon  Gallery, 
Lv-ves  of  the  Friends  and  Contemporaries  of  Lord  Chancellor 
Clarendon,  ii.  442. 


56 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 


Prepara-  thefe  men  are  about  to  aflume  the  great  offices 
new  mi-^'  of  ftate.  Eveti  the  fmaller  clerks  and  fecre- 
niftry.  tarres  fervlng  under  him  are  making  prepara- 
tions againft  the  expedled  lofs  of  their  employ- 
ments ;  and  Mr.  Sidney  Bere  writes  to  tell 
Admiral  Pennington,  on  the  very  eve  of  the 
King's  departure  to  Scotland,  that  he  hopes 
he  has  made  provifion  againft  the  worft.* 


Making 
provifion 
for  the 
worft. 


Sidney 
Bere  to 
Admiral 
Penning- 
ton, 30th 
July,  1641. 


Notice  to 
quit 
White- 
hall. 


Propofed 
Viceroy 
during  the 
King's 
abfence. 


Confola- 
tions  of  a 
retiring 
official. 


*  I  fubjoin  fome  curious  paflages  from  this  letter,  which 
is  alfo  in  the  State  Paper  Office  (MS.  Sidney  Bere  to  Admiral 
Pennington,  30th  July,  1641,  Whitehall).  Bere's  employment 
at  this  earlier  time  was  in  connexion  with  the  Foreign  Office, 
to  which  he  had  been  recommended  by  a  previous  engage- 
ment as  Secretary  with  Sir  Balthazar  Gerbier.  "  I  muft  needs," 
he  writes  to  the  Admiral,  "  take  y^  occafion  of  this  enclol'ed 
"  w"^''  was  left  att  my  chamber,  to  tell  you,  that  the  noife  of 
"  remove  of  officers  increafes  ftill,  and  fome  thinke  wee  ffiall  not 
"  efcape  w'**  lefs  than  the  lofle  of  Secretarys,  w'^''  I  begin  to 
"  feare  much  bymanyfignes.  One,  &  truly  a  noble  one,  is  this, 
*'  that  Mr.  Trea'  afked  me  this  day  how  farre  my  graunt  was 
'*  advanced,  I  told  him  ready  for  the  Kinge's  hand  tomorrow; 
"  he  bid  me  to  haften  it  all  I  could,  for  a  reafon  he  knew,  w*^*" 
"  you  may  easily  gueffe  carryes  noe  good  interpretation.  I 
*'  am  glad  Mr.  Murray  is  ingaged,  who,  fhoiild  any  fuch  thinge 
"  happen  foe  fuddenly,  will  w'''out  doubt  make  good  what 
"  he  hath  undertaken,  &  I  am  confident  both  he  and  Mr. 
"  Trea'  will  recommend  me  to  y^  fucceffor.  But  for  all  thefe 
"  doubts  and  furmifes  we  prepare  ftill  for  y"  Scotch  journey, 
"  &  horfes  goe  before  on  Monday.  Wee  follow  on  Friday 
"  nexte,  and  y"  King  on  y'=  9'''  which  is  Munday.  The  Par- 
"  liam'  its  said  will  move  for  a  longer  ftay,  but  the  King  is 
"  refolved.  A  whifper  goes  the  Houfes  will  ftand  for  a  Lo. 
"  Lieut,  in  his  abfence  w*"  power  to  pafle  bills:  what  that 
'*  propofition  will  produce  in  his  refolution  to  graunt  or  deny, 
"  goe  or  ftay,  we  ftiall  ffiortly  fee  :  but  every  one  is  full  of 
"  expectations  what  every  grand  councill  ftiould  produce  in 
"  the  change  of  officers.  Come  the  worft,  if  this  graunt 
"  pafle,  I  have  fomething  to  truft  to  ag'  I  am  old,  and  till  then, 
"  I  hope  w**  God's  bleffing,  the  countenance  of  my  friends, 
"  &  my  own  induftry,  to  pafle  well  enogh.  I  have  not  foe 
"  ill  fpent  this  time,  but  I  have  purfed  up  for  a  yeare's  fub- 
♦*  fiftence  and  more,  in  w'*"  time  many  changes  will  happen. 
"  Thus  I  take  all  att  the  worft  on  the  firft  alarum,  but  I  hope 


§  V.     Pym  and  the  King.  57 

Yet  fo    ftrange  does  it  feem  that  purpofes  A  fequel 
involving   a  complete  change  in   the  greateft  ftr'^ngg^for 
employments  of  the  State   fhould  have  been  belief. 
entertained  up   to  the  very  eve  of  the  King's 
departure  for  Scotland,  that  they  then  fhould 
fuddenly    and    filently    have     been    dropped, 
and  that  the  King's  letters  to   Nicholas  from 
Edinburgh  fhould  as  fuddenly  be  filled  with 
covert  threats  againft  the  men  chofen  fo  recently 
for  the  higheft  dignities  he  had  it  in  his  power 
to  beftow,  that  credit  may  hardly  be  claimed 
for  fuch  a  ftatement  without  produdlion  of  the 
adlual  evidence.   The  fecond  letter  of  Nicholas,  Prefent 
alfo   in  the  State   Paper    Office,   begins  with  ^Xiiral 
acknowledgment  of  a  welcome  prefent  of  four 
Guinea-birds,  which  the  Admiral  had  fent  for 
Mrs.    Nicholas,    "  whereby  you    have  made 
"  her  a  proude  woman,   and  Ihe  defires  me  to 
'^  prefent  to  you  her  affedlionate   thankes  for 
'*  that  great  raritie."     He  then  defcribes  the  Nicholas 
appointment  of  Lord  Eflex  to  be  General  of  ^"j^^^"^ 
the    Forces  on    this    fide  Trent ;    fpeaks   of  29  Juiy> 
Lord   Pembroke   as    bearing    the   lofs  of  his 
employment  with  much  patience  and  difcre- 
tion  ;   and  makes  frank  allufion   to  the  eccle- 

"  there  is  noe  caufe,  but  that  we  fhall  rubb  out  yett  this  Sum- 
"  mer  at  the  leaft."  It  isvery  remarkable  to  oblerve  from  this 
letter  that  at  no  time  do  the  popular  leaders,  even  when  their 
immediate  induftion  into  the  great  offices  was  looked  upon  as 
certain,  appear  to  have  taken  the  preffure  of  Parliament  from 
off  the  King.  The  propofal  of  a  Viceroy  or  Regent  was  fingu- 
larly  diftafteful  to  him,  and  the  difpute  as  to  the  proper  time  of 
his  quitting  London  was  vehemently  maintained  even  to 
within  a  few  hours  of  his  departure.  See  my  EJfays,  i.  13. 


J8 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


Why 
Nicholas 
objefts  to 
Ecclefiaf- 
tical  Re- 
form. 


King's 
piopofed 
journey 
to  Scot- 
land: 


Objefted 
to  by  the 
Commons, 


The  new 
miniftry 
expefted  : 
Hampden, 
Pym, 
Hollis, 
and  Lord 
Saye  and 
Scale. 


fiaftical  reforms  in  progrefs,  and  the  abufes 
they  are  levelled  at.  "  The  ade  againft  BishPP% 
'■'-  Deanes,  &  Chappters,  is  not  as  yett  pad  the 
**  Comons  Houfe  of  P',  and  I  hope  never  will : 
"  for  iiF  it  fhall,  my  father  and  myfelfe  fhall 
"  by  the  change  of  our  Landlordes  lofe  1500/. 
"  in  the  value  of  our  eftates.  But  I  hope  the 
'*  Pari*  will  not  holde  it  wife  to  punifhe  the 
"  Tenants  for  y^  Landlord's  faulttes.  The 
'*  Comons  are  much  troubled  that  the  Kinge 
"  will  goe  on  Monday  come  fennight  (as  hee 
*'  has  declared  openlie)  towards  Scotland. 
"  They  have  had  a  conference  with  y<^  Lords 
"  ab'  prefenting  to  his  Maj'y  fome  reafons  ag* 
'*  his  Maj'^'^  goii^ge  untill  the  armie  be  dif- 
"  banded,  w*^*",  if  there  were  money  readie, 
"  woulde  not  bee  this  fortnight.  It  is  heere 
"  faid  that  wee  fhall  fhortly  before  the  Kinge*s 
*'  departure  have  a  greate  change  &  addition 
"  of  officers  abt  Co'%  as  that  the  L**  Saye 
"  fhall  be  made  L**  Treas'',  the  L**  Newburg 
''  Mafler  of  the  Wardes,  Mr.  Jo.  Hampden 
"  Ch'"  of  y"  Dutchy,  Mr.  Pym  Cha^  of  the 
"  Excheq'',  Mr.  Denzill  Hollis  Principall  Secr^ 
'«  of  State ;  and  that  y^  Earl  of  Bath  and  L*^ 
"  Brooke  fhall  be  fworne  of  his  Ma^*^'  moft 
"  honbie  Privy    Counfell."*     He   adds   fome 

*  This  letter  (alfo  in  the  State  Paper  Office,  and  dated 
29th  July,  1641)  is  addrefled  like  the  former,  with  this 
addition:  "Leave  this  with  the^foote  poft  of  Sand""^''  in 
"  Philpot  Lane  att  y'  figne 'of  y«  Sand^*^*"  Armes  to  be 
**  conveyed." 


§  V.     Pym  and  the  King.  5^ 

particulars  as  to  the  army  plot,  the  examina- 
tions as  to  which  were  then  in  procefs  of  being 
taken;  and  he  clofes  by  faying  that  he  propofes 
himfelf,  God  willing,  to  retire  on  the  next  Nicholas 
following  Saturday  to  his  houfe  in  the  country,  retire : 
to  live  quietly  there  if  he  can  ;  and  that  how- 
foever  the  world  goes,  the  Admiral  fhall  be 
fure  always  to  find  that  he  is  ftill  conftantly 
and  firmly  his  faithful  and  affedlionate  friend. 

But  of  courfe  Nicholas  did  not  retire  into  But 
the  country,  nor  did  the  parliamentary  leaders  retire, 
make  their  entrance  into  Whitehall.     Not  lefs 
myfterious  in  its  origin  and  fate  than  the  later 
attempt    to  obtain  Pym's  folitary  fervice,   it 
feems  impoflible  to  review  the  circumftances  why  both 
attending    this   earlier   effort    to    place    both^ocOTici- 
him     and    his     friends    in    power,     without  J'^'^f  P°P"- 

.    .  ,  ^  \  ,  lar  leaders 

arrivmg    at   the    only    folution    which    either  failed, 
feems  capable  of  receiving.     Neither,  it  muft 
have  been  fufpedted  or  difcovered,  was  really 
or  fincerely  intended  by  the  perfon  who  alone 
could  give  effeft  to  it.     Both  were  wrecked  by 
the  utter  diftruft  and  difbelief  which  the  King  The  rock 
in  all  his  dealings  had  infpired.     In  making  *2n||'' 
again  the  overture  fingly  to  Pym,  there  can  be 
little  queftion  that  Charles  had  the  idea  in  his 
mind,  as  already  hinted,  that  by  fome  artifice 
or  trick,  fome  juggling  and  playing  with  the 
cards,   Epifcopacy,  even  in  its  laft  extremity 
of  danger,  was  to  be  refcued  ftill  by  bringing 
over  the  only  popular  leader  not  committed  to 


6o  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

A  warn-    root  and  branch.     But  the  fate  of  the  earlier 

Pym  to     negotiation,  which  I  have  thus  been  able  to 

aft  upon :  retrace,  opened  alfo,  as  the  later  had  been,  at 

the    very    moment   when    Lord    Digby    had 

been  fingled  out  for  royal   favour,  was  doubt- 

Thewarn-  lefs  the  fufficient  warning  on  which  Pym  wifely 

'  adled.      We   need  not  look  for  his    motives 

further  a-field.   The  calm  refufal  with  which  the 

proffered  place  was  put  afide,  and  the  dignified 

filence  preferved  in   relation    to  it,   may   thus 

alike  receive  their  fatiffatlory  folution. 

§  VI.    The  Westminster  Tumults. 

Publica-        On  the  third  day  after  the  Grand  Remon- 

Grand       flrancc,  printed  by  order  of  the  Houfe,    had 

Remon-     begun  to  circulate  among  the  people,  the  ob- 

fervance  of  a  day  of  Faft  and  Humiliation  had 

been  appointed.  The  circumflance  is  referred  to 

bytheUnder-Secretary,withwhofe  letter,  already 

quoted  in  the  preceding  fed:ion,  as  with  a  flmilar 

communication  from  Captain  Carterett,   there 

alfo  went  to  the  Admiral  a  copy  of  the  pub- 

lifhed  Remonftrance.      "  The  Remonflrance  is 

"  likewife  come  out,"  he  writes,  "  which  I  now 

"  fend  herewith,  and  leave  unto  your  readinge  to 

"  judge  of  it.      This  is  all  I  can  fay  more  for 

"  the  prefent  fave  that  yeflerday  the  fail  was 

A  Faft      "  obferved   through  London  and  the  Court, 

Dec.'i"^! :  *'  ^"^  ^s  to-day  in  Weftminfler.     Indeed,  there 

'*  needs  fome  extraordinary  devotion  to  divert 

"  the  many  troubles  and  diflradions  this  State 


§  VI.     The  Wejiminfter  Tumults.  6i 

''  is  threatened  withal,  wch  if  God  doe  not  of 
"  his  mercy  turne  awaye,  it's  much  to  be  feared 
*'  will  very  fhortly  fall  upon  us :  Soe  that  I 
"  cannot  wonder  to  reade  yo^  compafTionate 
"  fenfe  thereof,  but  doe  joyne  w^**  you  that  it's 
"  a  time  wherein  he   that  hath   leafte  to  doe 
"  may  thinke    himfelf  the   happieft."*     The 
King,    as   we   have  feen,    had  celebrated  the  How  the 
faft  at  Court   by    figning    on    that   day,   the  bratf/L^' 
22nd  December,  the  warrant  for  appointment 
of  the  diflblute  Lunfford  to  one  of  the  places 
of  greateft  truft  in  his  dominions.      We  have 
feen    alfo    the    tumult    it    provoked    in    the 
Houfe  of  Commons,  and  this  had  now  readied 
on  the  people  out  of  doors.     It  was  the  time 
of  Chriftmas  holidays,  when  unufual  numbers 
were  in  London,  daily  thronging  the  ftreets  ; 
and  fuch  and  fo  alarming  were  the   manifefta-  Difcon- 
tions  of  popular  difcontent,  that  within  three  \^\\^^y 
days   after    the   letters   juft   quoted  we  find  crowds, 
another  of  Pennington's  correfpondents,  and 
a  high  civil  fundlionary,  writing  to  him  in  a 
ftrain  that   might  well   fhake    the  nerves   of 
the  gallant  feaman  far  more  than  thofe  terrible 
gales   then  fweeping  the   coaft  during  which 
his   fhips    had   well-nigh    foundered    in    the 
Downs.     "  But  though,'*  writes  Mr.  Thomas 
Smith,  a  man  highly  efteemed  and  holding  im- 
portant office  in  the  Admiralty,  to  his  loving 

•  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  Sidney  Bere  to  Pennington,  23rd 
Dec. 


6i 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


Sea  and 

land 

ftorms. 


A  re- 
ligious 
war  talked 
of. 


Lunf- 
ford's 
appoint- 
ment can- 
celled. 


Too  late. 


Memo- 
rable epi- 
thets firft 
invented. 


and  much  honored  friend,  "  the  ftormes  are 
"  efcaped  at  fea,  they  are  not  fo  on  fhoare. 
'^  For  here  we  have  fuch  jealoufies,  and  dlf- 
'*  contents  are  dayly  ray  fed  by  the  malignant 
"  party  between  the  King  and  his  people,  that 
"  there  talks  now  of  nothing  but  drawing  of 
"  fwords  and  a  war  between  the  Proteflants 
''  and  Papifts.  W'''  God  forbid  !  for  though 
"  we  may  know  the  beginning,  noe  man  can 
"  the  end  and  confequences  of  an  inteftine 
"  warre."  * 

On  the  evening  of  the  day  when  that  letter 
was  written,  the  King  found  it  abfolutely  necef- 
fary  (upon  a  reprefentation  perfonally  made  to 
him  the  previous  night  at  Whitehall  by  the 
Lord  Mayor,  a  member  of  his  own  party)  to 
cancel  Lunfford's  appointment ;  but  fwiftly 
as  the  ill-advifed  ad  was  fo  recalled,  it  was 
yet  recalled  too  late.  It  was  too  late  to  pre- 
vent the  tumults  and  difturbances  of  that  and 
the  following  day.  In  thofe  tumults,  duly 
recorded,  but  not  fairly  or  juftly  difcriminated, 
in  the  hiftories,  were  firft  heard  the  memorable 
epithets  of  Roundhead  and  Cavalier  :  two  words 
deftined  to  become  as  famous  as  thofe  other 
two  of  Whig  and  Tory,  which,  invented 
feven-and-thirty  years  later,  ufed  alfo  as  terms 
of  reproach,!  and  bandied  about  from  fide  to 

*  MS.  State  Paper  Office.     Thomas  Smith  to  Pennington, 
23rd  Dec. 

f  That  the  word  Cwvalier,  not  necefTarily  a  term  of  re- 


^  VI.     The  Weftminfter  Tumults,  63 

fide,  like  thefe,  amid  tumultuous  affemblages 
of  Englifh  citizens,*  became  in  like  manner 

proach  (Shakefpeare  certainly  does  not  fo  employ  it  when  he  Cavalier : 
fpeaks  of  the  gay  and  gallant   Englifh  eager  for  French  in-  origin  and 
vafion—  meaning 

For  who  is  he  .  .  .  that  will  not  follow  word  : 

Thefe  cuU'd  and  choice-drawn  Cavaliers  to  France  ?) 

was  unqueftionably  ufed  in  that  fenfe  on  the  occafion  of  thefe 
tumults  (probably  to  conneft  its  French  origin  with  the  un- 
Englifti  chara6ler  of  the  defenders  of  the  Queen  and  her 
French  papift  adherents  to  whom  it  was  chiefly  applied), 
appears  from  the  faft  that  it  is  bandied  about  in  declarations 
alternately  iflued  on  the  eve  of  the  war  by  the  Parliament  and 
the  King,  the  latter  fpeaking  of  it  more  than  once  as  a  word 
much  in  diffavour.  And,  after  the  ftandard  on  either  fide  was 
unfurled,  nay,  when  the  battle  of  Edgehill  had  been  fought, 
Charles  elaborately  accufes  his  antagonifts,  "pretenders  to  peace  The  King 
"  and  charity  "  he  calls  them,  of  a  hatefiil  attempt  "  to  render  complains 
•'  all  perfons  of  honour,  courage,  and  reputation,  odious  to  of  its  ufe. 
"  the  common  people  under  the  ftyle  of  Cavaliers,  infomuch 
"  as  the  highways  and  villages  have  not  been  fafe  for  gentle- 
'*  men  to  pafs  through  without  violence  or  affront."  Even 
in  the  very  earlieft  popular  fongs  on  the  King's  fide  the  word 
has  not  the  place  it  afterwards  affumed,  and  one  meets  with 
Royaliil  poets  of  a  comparatively  fober  vein 

"  Who  neither  love  for  fafhion  nor  for  fear, 
As  far  from  Roundhead  as  from  Cavalier." 

D'Ewes's  earlieft  ufes  of  the  word  in  his  MS.  Journal  I  find 

under  dates  of    Monday   loth   January    and  Friday   March 

4th,  1 64. 1 -2,  and  Friday  3rd  June   1642.     In  the  firfl  he  is 

fpeaking  of  parties  who  had  been  feen  fufpicioufly  entering 

the  Tower  ;  in  the  fecond,  of  the  Cavaliers  at  Whitehall  who 

wounded  the   Citizens  ;  and  in  the  lafl,  of  the  King's  party 

in  Yorkfhire.     Of  the  word  Roundhead,  on  the  other  hand,  Round- 

and  the  mixed    fear    and    hatred    it    reprefented   and    pro-  head. 

voked,  decidedly  the  mofl  charafteriftic  example  is  furnifhed 

by  the  ever    quaint  and    entertaining   Bifhop   Hacket,   who 

(Scrinia  Referata,  ii.  207)  tells  a  flory  of  a  certain  worthy 

and  honefl  Vicar  of  Hampfhire  who  always  (in  fuch  manner 

as  to  evade  the  notice  of  one   feftion   of  his   hearers  while        «|. 

he    fecretly    pleafed   the    other)  changed  one   word    in    the 

lafl  verfe  of  the  Te  Deum — O  Lord  in  thee  have  I  trufled, 

let  me  never  be  a  Round-head ! 

*  See   my  Hijl.  &  Biog.   EJfays  ii.    6   (under    Effay    on 
De  Foe). 


64 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


the  Indelible  diftlndtlon  of  the  two  great  parties 
Firft  blood  in  Engllfh  hlftory.*  The  firft  blood  fhed  In 
fhedm  the  ^.j^^    ^^^^  ^j^-j  ^^^  j^^^  flowed  on  that  27th 

Civil  War.  D  / 

of  December,    fevefal    citizens    having    been 
wounded  and  Sir  Richard  WIfeman  flaln. 


William 

Lilly's 

evidence. 


The 

King's 
fecret  re- 
vealed. 


A  belief 
or  luper- 
ftition. 


Character 
of  Puri- 
tans. 


*  There  is  a  curious  and  charafteriftic  pafTage  by  William 
Lilly  {Monarchy  or  no  Monarchy  in  England,  part  ii.  ed.  165 1), 
referring  to  thefe  tumults,  of  which  he  was  himfelf  an  eye- 
witnefs,  and  deferving  more  attention  than  it  has  received. 
He  is  fpeaking  of  the  King  :  "  Fearing  the  worft,  as  himfelf 
"  pretended  (from  the  tumultuous  aflemblages  of  Citizens),  he 
'*  had  a  Court  of  Guard,  before  Whitehall,  of  the  Train 
"  Bands  ;  he  had  alfo  many  diflblute  gentlemen,  and  fome 
*'  very  civil,  that  kept  within  Whitehall  with  their  fwords  by 
"  their  fides,  to  be  ready  upon  any  fudden  occafion.  Verily 
"men's  fears  now  began  to  be  great  j  and  it  was  by  many 
"  perceived,  that  the  King  began  to  fwell  with  anger  againft 
"  the  proceedings  of  Parliament,  and  to  intend  a  war  againft 
"  them  :  fome  I'peeches  dropt  from  him  to  that  purpofe.  It 
"  happened  one  day,  as  fome  of  the  ruder  fort  of  Citizens 
**  came  by  Whitehall,  one  bufy  Citizen  nmft  needs  ciy  'No 
"  Bifhops.'  Some  of  the  gentlemen  iffued  out  of  Whitehall, 
"  either  to  correft  the  faucinefs  of  the  fool  in  words,  if  they 
"  would  ferve  ;  elfe,  it  feems,  with  blows.  What  pafted  on 
"  either  fide  in  words,  none  but  themfelves  knew.  The 
*'  Citizen,  being  more  tongue  than  foldier,  was  wounded,  and 
*'  I  have  heard,  died  of  his  wounds  received  at  that  time.  It 
"  hath  been  affirmed  by  very  many,  that  in,  or  hearunto,  that 
"  place  where  this  fellow  was  hurt  and  wounded,  the  late  King's 
"  head  was  cut-off,  the  Scaffold  ftanding  juft  over  that  place. 
"  Thefe  people,  or  Citizens,  who  ufed  thus  to  flock  unto 
"  Weftminfter,  were,  moftof  them,  men  of  mean,  or  a  middle 
"  quality  .  .  .  and  yet  moft  of  them  were  either  fuch  as  had 
**  public  fpirits,  or  lived  a  more  religious  life  than  the  vulgar, 
"  and  were  ufually  called  Puritans,  and  had  liifFered  under  the 
"  tyranny  of  the  Bifhops.  In  the  general  they  were  very 
*'  honeft  men  and  well  meaning:  fome  particular  fools,  or 
"  others,  perhaps,  now  and  then,  got  in  amongft  them,  greatly 
"  to  the  difad vantage  of  the  more  fober.  They  were  modell 
"  in  their  apparel,  but  not  in  their  language;  they  had  the 
"  hair  of  their  heads  very  few  of  them  longer  than  their  ears; 
"  whereupon  it  came  to  pafs  that  thofe  who  ufually  with  their 
"  cries  attended  at  Weftminfter,  were  by  a  nick  name  called 
**  Round-heads.  The  Courtiers  again,  having  long  hair  and 
'*  locks,  and  always  fwordes,  at  laft  were  called  by  thefe  men 


^  VI.     The  Wejiminfter  'Tumults.  65 

The  Lords    had  at  firft  declined    to   join 
the  Commons  in    petitioning   for    Lunfford's  Caufe  of 
removal,  and  it  was  the  excitement  confequent  affem- 
upon  this  refufal,  firft  known  by  the  publifhed  Plages  in 

Weftmin- 

proteft  of  twenty-two  peers  headed  by  names  fter  Hall. 
in  fuch  popular  efteem  as  thofe  of  Bedford, 
Northumberland,  Pembroke,  and  Eftex,  which 
led  to  the  affemblages  that  met  fuddenly  toge- 
ther, in  large  numbers  certainly  but  unprovided 
with  arms,  in  Weftminfter  Hall  and  outfide  the 
door  of  the  Houfe  of  Lords.*  It  has  been, 
notwithftanding  an  admiflion  to  the  contrary 

'•  Cavaliers ;  and  fo  &c.  &c.  few  of  the  vulgar  knowing  the  What 

"  fenfe  of  the  word  Cavalier.    To  fpeak  freely  and  ingenuoufly,  Lilly 

"  what  I  then  obferved  of  the  City  Tumults  was  this  :  Firit,  obferved 

'*  the   fufferings  of  the    Citizens   who   were   anything   well  of  the 

"  devoted,  had,  during  all  this  King's  reign,  been  fuch  and  fo  tumults. 

"  great  (being  harrowed  or  abufed,  continually,  either  by  the 

"  High  Commiffion  Court  or  the  Star  Chamber),  that,  as  men 

"  in  whofe  breads  the  fpirit  of  Liberty  had  fome  place,  they 

"  were  even  glad  to  vent  out  their  fighs  and  fufferings  in  this 

"  rather  tumultuous  than  civil  manner  :  being  affured  that  if 

"  ever  this  parliament  had  been  diflblved,  they  muft  have  been 

"  racked,  whipt,  andftriptby  the ...  Clergy,  and  other  extrava- 

"  gant  courfes :  and  for  any  amendment  which  they  might 

"  expeft  from  the  King,  they  too  well  knew  his  temper  ;  that  A  Parlia- 

"  though   in   a   time   of  parliament   he    often    promifed  to  ment  the 

"  redrefs  any  grievances,  yet  the  beft  friend  he  hath  cannot  People's 

**  produce  any  one  aft  of  good  for  his  fubjefts  done  by  him  only  hope. 

"  m  the  vacancy  of  a  parliament.     The  lofers  uliially  have 

*•  leave  to  fpeak,  and  fo  had  the   Citizens.     All  this  Xmas 

"  1641,  there  was  nothing  but  private  whil"perings  in  Court,  Secret 

"  and  fecret  counfels  held  by  the  Queen  and  her  party,  with  counfels. 

"  whom  the  King  fate  in   council   very  late  many  nights. 

*'  What  was  the  particular  refult  of  thefe  clandeftine  confulta- 

"  tions,  it  will  prefently  appear."     In  thefe  laft  few  words  he 

alludes  of  courfe  to  the   impending   attempt   to   arreft   the 

members. 

*  "  The  tumults,"  fays  Nalfon,  the  moft  unfcrupulous  of 
Royalift  partizans,  "  began  upon  this  little  clafti  of  the  two 
"  Houfes,  the  Lords  refufmg  to  join  with  the  Commons  to 
*'  petition  out  Lunlford." — CoUeiiions,  ii.  781. 


6S  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

Party        to  be  quoted   fhortly   even   from   Clarendon 
ments.       himfelf,*  uniformly  afTerted  by  Royalift  writers 
fince,    and    with    fuch    confident    pertinacity 
that    lefs    partial    writers    have    been    over- 
borne  by    it,    that   thefe    gatherings    of    the 
people   were   accompanied   by   violence,    that 
the   Citizens   were    the    aggreflbrs,    and   that 
fwords  were  drawn  at  laft  on  the  other  fide 
only  in  felf-defence.    The  point  is  an  important 
one  to  place  beyond  further  quefl:ion,  becaufe 
here,  and  not  in  any  difpute  as  to  whom  the 
powers  of  the  militia  fhould  refide  with,  really 
Who  were  began  the  Civil  War.     Elaborately  to  argue 
the  firft      upon  this  or  that  claim  of  right,  whether  to  the 

aggrellors.       ....  r     i        o 

militia  or  to  any  other  power  of  the  State,  m 
the  pofition  to  which  the  incidents  now  under 
difcuflion  were  about  fwiftly  to  bring  the 
oppofing  parties,  is  to  be  at  infinite  pains 
to  throw  words  into  the  air.  Both  King 
and  Parliament  were  foon  to  afcertain  that 
peace  was  no  longer  poffible ;  and  it  was  but 
the  prelude  of  fence  to  the  fharper  conflidt,  the 
underftood  paufe  for  coUedlion  of  ftrength  on 
either  fide,  when  the  war  of  words  about  the 
Time  be-  ^lilitia  began.  In  the  chapter  of  hifl:ory  I 
ginning  of  have  here  undertaken  to  rewrite  lies  the  true 
War:  fettlement  of  the  doubt  as  to  who  began  the 
Civil  War ;  and  in  thefe  Wefliminflier  tumults, 
which  were  the  prologue  of  the  tragedy,  it 
will  not  be  difficult  to  fiiow,  on  the  unquefl:ion- 

*  Hift.  ii.  92. 


§  vir.     Citizens  and  Soldiers  in  the  Hall.  67 

able  evidence  now  to  be  produced,  not  merely 
that  the  bloodfhed  was  exclufively  the  a6t  of  the 
King's  friends  and  dependants,  and  that  the 
natural  alarm  it  created  was  made  the  excufe 
for    other    and     more     deliberately   planned 
violence  againft   the  people,  but  that  all  this  in  the  at- 
was    unavoidably    a    portion    of   that    defign  deftroy  the 
againft  the  Parliament  for  which  the  time  had  Parlia- 
prematurely    been  fuppofed   to   be    ripe,   and  leaders. 
which  had  for  its  firft  and  immediate  objedl 
the  deftrudion  of  the  leaders  of  the  Houfe  of 
Commons. 

§  VII.     Citizens   and    Soldiers    in  the 
Hall. 

The  old  year  had  now  only  five  days  to  run,  Monday, 
and  was  faft  departing  amid  incidents  that  only  ^^^  ^   **^* 
too  fitly  ufliered  in  its  dark  and  gloomy  fuc- 
cefTor.     On  this  eve  of  the  firft  year  of  the 
Great  Civil  War,  the  phyfical  and  the  moral 
atmofphere  alike  feemed  charged  with  ftorm. 
So  fevere  a  feafon  had  not  been  known  for  Severity 
many  winters  ;  *  and  while  each  day,  and  hour  winter. 

*  It   extended   to   Paris,    from   which   city    Windebank, 
writing  to  his  fon  in  London  on  the  J^t  i)"c  }^^4^"^>  fpeaks  of 
the  extraordinary  ftorms  that  were  prevalent,  and  of  "  the  very  Fierce 
*'  fierce  froft  methinks  much  exceeding  thofe  in  England,     froft  in 
I  am  tempted  to  add  a  fiirther  portion  of  the  letter,  which  is  Paris, 
every  way  charafteriftic  of  the  weak  and  poor-fpirited  writer, 
to  whom  a  leading  fhare  in  the  government  of  England  had 
been  unrefervedly  committed  in  the  moft  difficult  and  dan- 
gerous crifis  of  her  ftory.     He  is  telling  his  fon  of  his  intenfe 
wifli  to  return  to  England.     "  Wherein,  methinks,  I  sh"*  not 
"  longer  be  impedimented  now  that  I  am  out  of  danger  to 

V  2 


68  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

of  the  day,  brought  its  grief  or  terror  to  un- 
prejudiced watchers  of  events,  it  was  in  the 
Tempeft    niidft    of  a  tempeft  that  fwept  the   Englifh 
coaft  with  almoft  unparalleled  violence  that  the 
Admiral  in  the  Downs  continued  to  receive 
the  letters  which  happily  have  preferved  for 
us,   in  fair  and  unexaggerated    language,   an 
impartial  teftimony  of  eye-witneffes  to  events 
very  memorable  in  our  hiftory. 
Mr.  Thos.      "  Concerning  the  ftate  of  our  affaires  here," 
Penning-  wrotc  Mr.  Thomas  Smith,  already  named  as  a 
ton,  30th   friend  of  Sir  John  Pennington,  and  who  held  con- 
fidential office  under  the  Earl  of  Northumber- 
land, with  whom  he  had  rooms  at  York  Houfe, 
"  they  are  not  foe  well  as  I  could  wi{h,  for  wee 
'*  are  in  dayly  fears  of  uproares  and  diford". 
**  The  'Prentices  and  our  Souldiers  have  lately 
"  had  fome  bickerings  wherein  many  of  the 
"  'prentices  were  wounded,  and  loft  their  hats 
"  and   cloakes.      This  was   don  yefterday  at 
At  White-  f  f  Whitehall  Gate,  as  the 'prentices  were  coming 
Z9th  Dec'  "  from  demanding  an  anfwer  of  their  petition 
"  lately  exhibited  to  the  Parliam'  houfe.     The 
"  fould"  continue  in  greate  numbers  in  White- 

Winde-  **  retourne  any  more  to  bufinefle.  This  I  defire  you  to  soUicit 
bank  to  "  ^  purfue  w"*  all  earneftnels  if  yo  (hall  find  it  lafe  to  ftir  in 
his  fon  "  ^*>  ^^'^  ^  '"^y  ^^^  myne  own  dear  country,  &  poor  neft 
"  again,  and  fom  ende  of  my  wanderinges  and  greate  fuffer- 
*'  ings,  W'  if  the  world  did  rightly  confider,  I  am  confident 
'*  they  wold  be  fenfible  of  my  condition,  &  the  moft  rigorous 
"  &  hard-harted  wold  thinke  I  have  been  abundantly  punifhed 
"  already  for  anything  that  I  have  donne.  But  God's  will  be 
"  donne,  and  whatfoever  you  fhall  negotiate  herein  muft  be 
"  with  entire  &  all  humble  fubmiflion  to  His  Ma'''," 


§  VII.     Citizens  and  Soldiers  in  the  Hall.  6g 

"  hall.     Thefe  woundes  of  the  'prentices  have 

^'  foe  exafperated  them,  that  it  is  feared  they  Exafpera- 

'  •     t     11     1  •       1  1        *'°"  of  the 

"  will  be  at  Whitehall  this  day  to  the  number  people. 

"  of  ten   thoufand  ;  whereupon  the  fouldiers 

**  have   increafed   their   number,    built   up   a 

*'  Court  of  Guard  w^'^out  the  Gate,  and  have 

*'  called  down  the  millitary  company  to  their 

"  affiftance  :  and  what  will  be  the  event,  God 

"  knows.     Neither  do  the  Houfes  and  King 

"  agree  fo  well  as  I  could  wifhe.     The  Jefuiti- 

**  call    Fadlion,    according    to   their  wounted  ^  Jefujti- 

"  cuftome,  fomenting  ftill  jealoufies  between  ftiong  in 

"  the  King  and  his  people,  and  the  Bifhops  *^"  "°"^'- 

*'  continually  concurring  with  the  Popifh  Lords 

"  againft  the  paffing  any  good  bills  fent  from 

"  the  Houfe  of  Commons  thither."* 

Under  Secretary  Sidney  Bere,  alfo  writing  The  Un- 
on  the  fame  day   (the  30th   of   December)  tary  to  the 
to   his    friend   commanding    in   the   narrow  ^tlTDec 
feas,    is  more   fpecific    as    to    the  caufes   of 
the  prevailing  excitement :     *'  Since  the  Hol- 
'Midays    began,"    he    writes,     "here    have 
"  been  fuch  rude    aflemblies  and  multitudes 
**  of  the  bafer  fort  of  people,  that  everyday 
"  threatened  a  defperate  confu/ion.     Nor  are  Conftifion 
"  we  yet  free  of  thofe  feares.     The  firft  pre-  ^" 
"  tended  caufe  of   this  was  the   making   of 
"  Collonel    Lunfford  Lieut*  of  the   Tower. 
"  Which  begat  foe  generall  a  murmure  and 

•  'MS.  State  Paper  Office.  Smith  to  Admiral  Pennington, 
30  Dec.  1 641.  And,  under  fame  date,  the  letter  which 
follows  :  Bere  to  Pennington. 


70 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


Lunfford 
knighted 
and  pen- 
fioned 
upon  his 
removal. 


Blood  fhed 
a7th  Dec. 


Courtiers 
ordered  to 
be  armed. 


Share  in 

the 

tumults 


difcontent  that  his  Ma'ie  was  pleafed  to 
'  remove  him  after  two  or  three  dayes  pof- 
'  feflion  and  to  putt  Sir  John  Biron  in  his 

*  place  ;  having  made  the  other  a  knight  and 
'  as  I  am  told  given  him   50olb.  a  year  pen- 

*  fion.*  But  the  people,  not  being  as  it 
'  feemes  fufficiently  perfwaded  of  this  remove, 
^  on    Monday  [the    '27th]    continuing  their 

*  infolencies,  and  meeting  this  Lunfford  at 
^  Weftminfter,  they  fell  to  blowes,  in  w'^''  dif- 
^  order  divers  were  lightly  hurt,  but  without 
^  further  danger  ;  and  one  of  their  chiefe 
'  leaders  there  was  S'"  Richard  Wifeman,  who 
'  was  alfoe  hurt.  In  fine  thefe  diftempers 
'  have  foe  increafed  by  fuch  little  fkir- 
'  mifhes,    that    now    the    traynebands "    [of 

Middlefex]  **  keepe  watch  everywhere  :  all  the 

*  courtiers  commanded  to  weare  fwords  :  and 
^  a  Corps-de-Gard  Houfe  built  up  within  the 
'  railes  by  Whitehall,  All  which  fills  every  one 
'  wti^  feares  and  apprehenfions  of  greater  evils." 

Such  fears  and  apprehenfions  might  well 
exift,  but  frdm  which  quarter  came  the  graver 
threatenings  of  ftorm  ?  On  one  fide  were 
citizens  and  apprentices,  at  firft  altogether  un- 
armed, irritating  doubtlefs  as  all  crowds  are. 


The  pen- 
fion  and 
knight- 
hood to 
LuniFord, 


*  This  faft  is  now  for  the  firft  time  known.  Of  its  corre6t- 
nefs  there  can  hardly  be  a  doubt,  for  no  man  was  in  fo  good  a 
pofition  for  obtaining  reliable  information  as  the  Under 
Secretary.  The  fame  faft  is  moreover  confirmed  and  repeated 
in  a  letter,  alfo  in  the  State  Paper  Office,  dated  the  29th  Dec, 
1641,  from  Capt.  Carterett  to  Admiral  Pennington. 


§  VII.     Citizens  and  Soldiers  in  the  Hall,  71 

but  wreaking  no  mifchief  worfe  than  a  crumpled  taken  by 
cloak  or  band,   a  torn  gown,  an  impertinent  and  A™p- 
word,  or  an  inconvenient  huftling  and  prefTure.  prentices. 
An  eyewitnefs  of  the  aflault  on  the  Archbifhop 
of  York,  referred  to  always   as   the   incident 
moft  provocative  of  what  followed,  has  def- 
cribed  it  for  us.     "  I  was  witnefs,"  fays  Mr. 
Bramfton,*    the  fon   of  the  Chief   Juftice  of 
the  Queen's  Bench,  and  at  this  time  an  inti- 
mate afTociate    of   Mr.    Hyde,    "  to   a   lane 
"  made  in  both  the  Palace  Yards,  and  no  man 
"  could  pafs  but  whom  the  rabble  gave  leave  what  Mr. 
«  to,  crying  A  Good  Lord!  or  A  Good  Man  I  ^^^"^^^^ 
**  Let  him  -pajs  I      I  did   fee    the    Bifhop  of  Dec. 
"  Lincoln's  gownj"  torne  as  he  pafTed  from  the 
"  ftair-head  into  the  entry  that  leads  to  the 
*'  Lords'  Houfe."     And  as  Mr.  Bramfton  faw 
we  may  ftill  for  ourfelves  fee,  vividly  enough, 
thofe    troublefome   citizen -quidnuncs,    thofe 
idle  varlet-apprentices,  and  with  the  help  of  what 
the  Under  Secretary  tells  us,  can  imagine  the 
reception  they  were  likely  to  give  to  Lunfford, 
infolent  with  favors  fo  heaped  upon  him   even 
in  that  hour  of  his  difmiflal,  as  to  afford  but  Provoca- 
a  new  and  exafperating  inftance  of  a  popular  the  people, 
conceffion  haughtily  unmade  in  the  very  adt  of 
making  it.     But,  fuch  being  on  one  fide  the 

•  In  his  Autobiography y  publilhed  by  the  Camden  Society, 
p.  82. 

f  Williams,  Bifhop  of  Lincoln,  had  fo  recently  become 
Archbifhop  of  York  that  Bramflon  calls  him  by  his  more 
familiar  title. 


72  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

cafe,  bad  and  vexatious  enough,  what  prefents 
The  fol-    itfelf  to  us  on  the  other  ?      A  fet  of  fierce 
ants.     ' "  foldier  adventurers,  not  only  men  of  completely 
defperate  fortune,  but  all  of  them  under  the 
ban  of  the  majority  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons, 
yet  offered  and  accepted  with  their  riotous  and 
recklefs  followers  as  a  Court  of  Guard  to  their 
fovereign,  entertained  and  feafted  at  the  very 
gate  of  his  palace,  and  enlifted  under  a  condi- 
tion of  fervice  which  even  Clarendon  thought 
"  unfeafonable,"  feeing  that  it  began  not  in 
any  needful  defence  of  the  King,   but   in  a 
needlefs  fhedding  of  the  blood  of  his  fubjeds. 
Volunteer       It  would  Hot  be  eafy  to  feledl  a  paflage  more 
Guard  to  charadtcriftic  of  the  hiftorian  than  that  in  which 
he   fpeaks    of  this  Whitehall  Guard,  and  of 
the  difaftrous  fervice  in  which  they  were  em- 
ployed.    He  cannot  deny  that  their  entertain- 
ment by  Charles  was  an  a6t  of  grofs  indif- 
cretion,  and  he  is  obliged  to  confefs  that  they 
firft  drew  their  fwords  upon  the  people.     But 
Claren-      the  form  in  which  he  gives  utterance   to  fuch 
option  of  all-important  admiflions  againft  the  party  for 
them,       whom  hc  holds  his  brief,  is  the  moft  fingular 
manifestation    conceivable    of  the   degree    to 
which  a  partizan  writer  may  permit  himfelf  to 
become  unconfcious    of  the  plain  effect  and 
meaning  of  the  language  he  employs.       He 
begins  by  faying  *  that  all  the  while  the  King 
had   been  at  Whitehall,  befides   his  ordinary 

*  Hifl,  ii.  92,  94. 


§  VII.     Citizens  and  Soldiers  in  the  Hall.  73 

retinue,  and  menial  fervants,  he  had  kept  in  Compo- 
clofe  attendance  upon  him  a  confiderable  num-  ments  ^" 
her  of  officers  of  the  late  difbanded  army,  who  ^  *^^, 

-,..,  ,.  .,  -  '-  Guard: 

were  lohcitmg  their  remamder  of  pay  from 
the  two  Houfes  which  was  fecured  to  them  by- 
Ad:  of  Parliament,  and  were  expecting  fome 
farther  employment  in  the  war  with  Ireland  ; 
and  that  thefe  not  very  fcrupulous  gentlemen, 
upon  obfervation  and  view  of  what  he  calls 
the  infolence  of  the  tumults,  and  the  danger 
that  they  might  poflibly  bring  to  the  Court,  The 
offered  themfelves  for  a  Guard  to  his  Maiefty's  ^'"^'^ 

,  ,  uniealon- 

perlon,  and   were  with    more  formality    and  able  ac- 

ceremony  entertained  by  him,   than,  upon  a  of^the^i" 

juft  computation  of   all    diftempers,    was  by  Service  : 

many    conceived  feafonable.       And    then    he 

goes  on  to  fay  that  "  from  thefe  officers, — 

"  warm  with  indignation  at  the  infolences  of 

"  that  vile  rabble  which  every  day  pafTed  by 

**  the  Court, — there  proceeded,  firft,  words  of 

"  great  contempt,  and  then,  thofe  words  com- 

"  monly  finding  a  return  of  equal  fcorn,  blows  Citizens 

"  were  fattened  upon  fome  of  the  moft  prag-  ^n^^  ^f-? 

"  matical  of  the  crew."     In  plain  language,  failed  by 

the    provocation  both   of  words    and    blows 

came  firfl   from  the  Whitehall    defperadoes. 

Their  advocate  continues  :    "  This  was  looked 

"  upon  by   the   Houfe   of  Commons   like  a 

"  levying  of  war    by   the    King,  and   much 

"  pity  cxprefTed  by  them  that  the  poor  people 

"  fhould  be  fo  ufed  who  came  to  them  with 


74 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 


Cuts  and 
flaflies 
drawing 
blood. 


Plain 
meanings 
to  Claren- 
don's 
fpeech. 


Eager  en- 
courage- 
ment to 
attack  on 
Citizens. 


"  petitions  "—  to  go  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons 
with  petitions  was  in  reality  the  tumult  and 
infolence  complained  of — "for  fome  few  of 
"  them  had  received  fome  cuts  and  flafhes  that 
"  had  drawn  blood ;  and  that  made  a  great 
"  argument  for  reinforcing  their  numbers. 
"  And  from  thefe  conteftations  the  two  terrns  of 
"  Roundhead  and  Cavalier  grew  to  be  received 
**  in  difcourfe,  and  were  afterwards  continued 
"  for  the  moft  fuccin6t  diftindtion  of  afFedlions 
•*  throughout  the  quarrel:  they  who  were 
"  looked  upon  as  fervants  to  the  King  being 
"  thus  called  Cavahers,  and  the  others  of  the 
"  rabble  contemned  and  defpifed  under  the 
"  name  of  Roundheads." 

To  put  all  this  into  plain  fpeech  is  to  fay 
that,  at  a  time  when  above  all  others  it  behoved 
the  King  to  be  wary  of  unduly  exciting  jea- 
loufies  and  fufpicions,  he  accepted  from  a  band 
of  recklefs  and  defperate  foldiers  of  fortune  a 
proffered  perfonal  devotion  which  was  to  dif- 
play  itfelf  in  the  moft  adive  hate  of  a  parti- 
cular fedion  of  his  people.  Nor  was  it  dry 
acceptance  only,  but  eager  encouragement, 
that  Charles  extended  to  them.  While  thefe 
men  fo  infulted  the  Citizens,  upon  whom 
they  faftened  blows,  and  upon  whom  they  drew 
their  fwords,  they  were  the  guefts  of  the 
King  in  his  own  palace,  entertained  and  fed  at 
his  expenfe.  And  whether  thofe  of  the  af- 
failed  were  few  or  many,  who,  in  the  nicely- 


§  VII.     Citizens  and  Soldiers  in  the  Hall.  75 

chofen  phrafe  of  Hyde,  "  received  fome  cuts  Abettors 
"  and  flafhes  that  had  drawn  blood,"  neither  outrage 
exaggerates  nor  diminifhes  the  crime.     The 
faft  undeniably  remains,  as  admitted  by  Cla- 
rendon, and  (in  a  pafTage  which  will  fhortly  be 
quoted)  confirmed  by  Rufhworth  ;  and  to  it 
is  ^to  be  added  the  further  not  lefs  fignificant 
circumftance,  that  when  that  famous  Declara- 
tion  of  both   Houfes  was   prefented   to  the 
King    at    Newmarket    in    the    early  days   of 
March,  to  which,  as  Lord   Holland  read  it, 
Charles  fpared  no  epithet  of   anger  or  fcorn 
{that's  falje !    that's  a  lye  I  broke  from  him 
at  its  feveral  averments),  he  heard  in  filence 
thofe  portions  of  it  which   charged  him  with  Defign  in 
having  enlifted  in  an  unufual  manner,  and  put  ,^0.;^  "j^g 
into  regular  pay  under  the  command  of  colonels,  Whitehall 
this   Whitehall  Guard ;    with   having    feafted  does : 
and   caroufed  them  at  the  palace  in  a  manner 
altogether  unaccuftomed ;  with  having  endea- 
voured to  engage  the  gentlemen  of  the  Inns 
of  Court  to  co-operate  with  them  ;  and  with 
having  for  his  manifeft  defign  in  all  this,  "  a 
"  perpetual  guard  "  fuch  as  the  laws  did  not  To  draw 
warrant.*     In  his  own  formal  anfwer,  indeed,  ft^afiding  ^ 
publiflied  on  the  9th  March,  he  fubftantially  Guard, 
admits  the  allegations  made.  "Why  the  lifl:ing," 
he  fays,  "  of  fo  many  officers,  and  entertaining 
"  them  at  Whitehall,  fhould  be  mifconftrued, 
**  we  much    marvel,  when   it   is   notorioufly 

*  Rujh-uuort/i,  III.  vol.  i.  529. 


picion. 


76  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

"  known   the   tumults   at  Weftminfter  were 

"  fo    great,    and  their    demeanour    fo     fcan- 

"  dalous  and  feditious,  that  we  had  good  caufe 

Admif-     «  to  fuppofe  our  own  perfon,  and  thofe  of  our 

th"King :  "  wife  and  children,  to  be  in  apparent  danger  ; 

2^}^   ,        "  and  therefore  we  had  great  reafon  to  appoint 

March,  ^11  1  1        1      -r  1 

164.2.  "  a  Guard  about  us,  and  to  accept  the  dutiful 
"  tender  of  the  fervices  of  any  of  our  loving 
"  fubjefts."* 

Let    me    upon   this   fubjed:    add    to    the 
evidence  already  quoted,  that  of  another  wit- 

Witneffes  nefs  equally    above  fufpicion  ;    whofe  difcon- 

above  fuf-  ,/.  .,        ,        ^-^        ^  ^ 

tent  at  this  time  with  the  Houle  or  Com- 
mons t  would  have  ill  difpofed  him  to  fympathy 
with  any  but  its  moft  bitter  affailants ;  and 
who  diftindly  tells  us,  not  merely  that  Lunf- 
ford  and  his  friends,  with  drawn  fwords,  charged 
upon  the  Citizens  and  "  chafed  "  them  round 
the  Hall,  but  that  fmall  parties  of  fome  fifteen 
or  fixteen  officers  of  the  army  had  fallen  upon 
crowds  of  unoffending  civilians,  and  left 
forty  or  fifty  of  them  wounded. 

*  Ru/hivort^,  III.  vol.  i.  536,  537. 
Slingfby's  "1"  ^"  the  25th  Nov.  1641,  Captain  Slingfby  had  thus  written 
fliip  at  0^^'  ^^^^^  Paper  Office):  "On  Saturday  morning  laft  I 
Spithead  ' '  brought  the  Happie  Entrance  to  the  Spitthead,  where,  having 
2cth  Nov.  "  ^  pilott  aboard,  but  the  windftill  Northerly  that  fhe  was  not 
"  like  fuddenly  to  gett  into  the  harbour,  I  came  away  to 
•'  London.  She  is  prel'ently  to  be  made  ready  again  to  go 
His  *'  for  Ireland,  Captain  Owen  in  her :  Ibme  of  the  Parliament 

brother's     "  as  I  hear  having  made  fome  fcruples  concerning  my  fitneffe 
con-  <'  for  that  imployment,  in  refpeft  of  my  brother's  neare  relation 

ne6tion        "  to  my  Lord  of  Strafford :  yett  I  find  no  alteration  in  my 
with  "  Lord's  [Northumberland]   countenance  towards  me,  as  he 

Strafford.    "  fayth  it  will  not  prejudice  me  for  other  employments." 


§  VII.     Citizens  and  Soldiers  in  the  Hall.  77 

**  I  cannot  fay,"  writes  Slingfby,  already  A  mad 
defcribed  as  the  brother  of  Strafford's  Secre-  mas. 
tary,*  "  we  have  had  a  merry  Chriftmas, 
"  but  the  maddeft  one  that  ever  I  faw.  The 
**  prentices  and  bafer  fort  of  citizens,  faylors, 
"  and  water  men,  in  greate  numbers  everie  day 
"  at  Weftminfter,  armed  with  fwords,  f  hal- 
"  herds,  clubbs,  w'-h  hath  made  the  Kinor  keep  Excufes 

'  '  .  °  ^  for  the 

"  a  ftronge  Guard    about  Whitehall,   of  the  Whitehall 

"  Trayned  Bands  without,  and  of  gentlemen  ^"^^'^• 

"  and  officers  of  the  army  within.     The  King 

**  had  upon  Chriftmas  Eve  putt  Coll.  Lunfford 

"  in  to  be  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower,  w'^''  was 

"  fo  much  refented  by  the  Conlons  and  by  the 

*'Cittie,  that  the  Sunday   after  he  difplaced 

"  him  again,  and  putt  in  Sir  John  Biron,  who  Unpopu 

"  is   little   better   accepted   than    the    other.  si"7ohn 

"  Lunfford  being  on  Monday  laft  in  the  Hall,  Biron. 

"  with  about  a  dozen  other  gentlemen,  he  was 

"  affronted  by  fome  of  the  citizens  whereof  the 

"  hall  was  full ;  and  fo  they  drew  their  fwords, 

*'  chafing  the  citizens  about  the  Hall,  and  fo 

"  made  their  way  through  them  w*^'^  were  in  Citizens 

"  ye  Pallace  Yard  and  in  Kinges  Street,  till  ^w  the 

"  they  came  to  Whitehall.     The  Archbifhop  Hall  by 

"  of  Yorke  was  beaten  by  the  'prentices  the  foidiers. 


•  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  "  R'  Slyngfbie  to  the  hon""'*  Sir 
*'  John  Pennington  Knt.  Admirall  of  his  Ma*'"  Fleete  for 
"  guard  of  the  narrow  feas  :"  30th  Dec.  1641. 

•j-  This  is  a  mere  carelefs  affertion,  as  is  proved  by  the 
paflages  immediately  following  it,  which  (how  that  the  Citizens 
could  not  have  been  armed. 


78  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

"  fame  day,  as  he  was  going  into  the  Parlia- 

"  ment.      The    next    day  they  aflaulted    the 

"  Abbey  to  pull  down  the  organs  and  the  altar" 

(there     had    been    recent   order   for    peculiar 

ceremonies  and  obfervances  at  the  altar),  "  but 

Aftray  in  «^  it  was  defended  by  the  Archbifhop  of  Yorke 

Abbey,     "  ^is  fervants,  with  fome  other  gentlemen  that 

Dec,  28th.  f  c  came  to  them  :  divers  of  the  citizens  hurtt 

"but  not    killed:   amongft    them    that  were 

"  hurtt,   one  knight,   Sir   Richard  Wifeman, 

'*  who  is  their  cheife  leader.      Yefterday  about 

"fifteen  or  fixteen  officers  of  the  army  ftand- 

Unpro-     "  ing  at  the  court  gate,  took  a  flight  occafion 

outrage     *'  ^°  ^"^  upon  them,  and  hurt  about  forty  or 

by  the       "  fifty  of  them:   they  in  all  their  fkirmifhes 

ioiQicrs 

29th  Dec.  "  have  avoided  thrufling,  becaufe  they  would 
"  not  kill  them.  I  never  faw  the  Court  fo  full 
"  of  gentlemen.  Every  one  comes  thither  with 
Gentle-  "  their  fwordes.  This  day  500  gentlemen  of 
armed  ^*  ^^^  Innes  of  Court,  came  to  offer  their  fer- 
crowding  cc  yj^es  to  the  King.    The  officers  of  the  army 

the  court, 

soovolun-  "  fince  thefe  tumults  have  watcht  and  kept  a 

veTs-  ■Totli  '^  Court  of  Guard  in  the  Prefence  Chamber,  and 

Dec.         "are  entertained  upon  the  King's  charge.      A 

"  company  of  foldiers  are  put  into  the  Abbey 

"  for  defence  of  it.     The  Houfe  of  Commons 

"  have  drawn  up  a  charge,  and  fent  it  up  againfl 

"  my  Lord  of  Briftol :  the  fame  that  he  was 

againfl:      "  long  fincc  accufcd  of  and  acquitted  by  the 

Briftol.      "  fi^ft  Parliament  of  the  King.'* 

It  has  been  feen,  as  defcribed  by  an  adlual 


§  VII.     Citizens  and  Soldiers  in  the  Hall.  79 

eye-witnefs,  what  was  the  nature  of  the  fo-called 

"beating"  of  the  Archbifhop  of  York  referred 

to  in  this  letter ;  and  it  is  hardly  neceflary  to 

dired  attention  to  the  fad  that  all  the  real  hurts 

defcribed  in  the  various  accounts  are  exclufively 

thofe  inflidled  on,  and  in  no  fingle  inftance  by, 

civilians.     No  mention  occurs  anywhere  of  a  No  blood 

wound,  however  flight,  inflided  by  an  apprentice  (j^g  q^j. 

or  citizen.     But  we  get  fome  clue  to  the  means  zens. 

ufed  to  irritate  the  mob  into  violence,  by  what 

was  complained  of  in  the  Houfe  of  Commons 

on  the  morning  after  the  Archbifhop's  gown 

was  fo  rudely  handled  in  Weftminfter  Hall. 

Going  from    the    Houfe  to    his    lodging,   an 

Honorable  Member,  "  as   he  pafTed  thro'  the 

"  churchyard,  found  there  a  guard  of  foldiers  ; 

**  and  inquiring  of  them  by  whofe  command 

"  they  were  there,  they  anfwered  by  the  Arch-  A  fighting 

*'  bifliop  of  Yorke's  :  "  whereupon,  after  iharp  bifhop, 

difcuflion,  the  Houfe  generally  declared  it  to 

be  a  grave  mifdemeanor  that  guards  fhould  fo 

be  fet  about  without  due  authority,  to  the  terror 

and  affright  of  the  people.*     Certainly  a  torn 

*  Nalfon's  ColleSions  ii.  793.     I  add  a  remarkable  paflage 
from  D'Ewes  MS.  Journal  of  little  more  than  a  fortnight's  Entry 
later  date,  which  may  help  to  Ihow  that  the  incidents  now  from 
under  notice,  and  the  principal  aftorsin  them,  had  a  clofe  and  D'Ewes's 
ominous  connexion  with  the  attempt  fo  foon  to  be  made  by  Journal, 
the  king.     "  Mr.  Miles  Corbet  made  a  relation  touching  one 
"  Mr.  Pemberton,  who  was  examined  when  the  Committee 
"  fat  in  Guildhall,  before  Mr.  Edward  Wright  an  Alderman 
"  of  London,  and  was  fent  by  him  to  one  of  the  Counters  : 
"  that  he   had  confefled  that  he  was  one  of  them  that  had 
*'  come  hither  with  the  king  on  Tuefday,  Jan.  4,  and  that  he 
"  commanded  40  men  at  the    Abbey   of   Weftminftcr  that 


8o  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

Incite-      gown    hardly    luftified    preparations    fo   fer- 
ments to°  ■'•'  rr  r       ' 
violence,    mid  able,  and   the  reader  may  perhaps  lee  m 

the  incident  a  fufficing  explanation  for  what 
Captain  Slingfby  defcribes  as  occurring  on 
"  the  next  day." 

In  brief,  each  hour  now  brought  its  alarm, 
and  figns  and  portents  of  approaching  calamity 
were  everywhere  abroad.  The  clofe  of  Captain 
Slingfby's  letter  leaves  us  no  room  to  doubt  the 
definite  and  dangerous  impreflion  already  pro- 
duced upon  himfelf.    "  The  cittizens,"  he  fays, 
Shops        "  for  the  moft  part  fhutt  up  their  fhoppes,  and 
anVal'l      "  ^'^  gentlemen  provide  themfelves  with  armes 
men  «  gs  in  time  of  open  hoftillities.    Both  fadlions 

arming.  ,  ,     ^  i   •       •  11 

"  talke  very  bigge,  and  itt  is  a  wonder  there  is 
*'  noe  more  blood  yett  fpilt,  feeing  how  earneft 
"  both  fides  are.     There  is  no  doubt  but  if 
*'  the  King  doe  not  comply  with  the  Comons 
"  in   all  thinges  they  defire,   a  fudden  civill 
"  warr   mufl:   enfue ;    w*"''  everie  day  we    fee 
Danger-     "  approaches    fooner."        Dangerous    in    its 
'  growth  fuch  a  belief  as  this  could  not  fail  to 
be.     It  narrowed  the  grounds  of  agreement 
left,  fiiut  out  all  hope  in  which  ultimate  fafety 
lay,  and  brought  nearer  the  dreaded  calamity 
by  making  the  mere  thought  of  it  more  fami- 
liar.    If  fuch  men  as  Sllngfiby  reafoned  that 
}  civil  war  was  unavoidable,  it  was  but  natural 

that  the  recklefs  men  of  his  party  fiiould  adl 

"  evening  when  Sir  Richard  Wifeman  was  hurt  [to  death]." 
— Harl  MSS.  16,  f.  331  a,  336  a. 


§  VIII.     fVhat  was  pajfmg  in  the  Houfe.  -B  i 

as  if  civil  war  were  come.  It  is  at  leaft  certain 
that  in  fuch  a  ftate  of  feeling  and  apprehen- 
fion,  fo  widely  fpread,  a  terrible  refponfibility 
attended  any  ad  which  ihould  carry  with  it  a 
fudden  and  violent  increafe  of  the  prevailing 

•  •  r  A  terrible 

excitements ;  nor,   were  its  conlequences  ever  refponfi- 
fo  appalling,  might  its  author  with  any  juftice  biUty. 
claim  exemption   from  the  charge  of  having 
deliberately  intended  to  produce  them. 

§  VIII.  What  was  passing  in  the  House. 

Resorting,  for  information   of  what  was 
meanwhile  pafling  in  the  Houfe,  to  the  manu- 
fcript  Journal  of  D'Ewes,*  we  find  the  details 
of  Captain  Slingfby's  letter  in  all  refpedls  con- 
firmed. On  the  firft  day  of  the  tumults,  D'Ewes  Firft  day 
makes  a  brief  and  hurried  note  of  what  was  Tumults, 
pafling    in    the   Houfe ;   and  the  abrupt,  un-  ^7th  Dec. 
finifhed   fentence,    more    ftrikingly   than  any 
elaborate  detail,  depidls  the  prevailing  agitation. 
The    fitting   was    only  prolonged    to    receive 
evidence  that    "  the    quarrel    in   Weftminfter 
"  Hall  began  from  fome  foldiers  or  gentlemen 

*  Brit.  Mus.  Harleian  MSS.  162-166.     This  moft  curious  State  of 
and  valuable  record,  as  I  have  ftated  in  a  former  work,   is  D'Ewes's 
contained  in  five  feveral  volumes,  to  which  corrcft  reference  Journal  in 
is  often  extremely  difficult ;  the  fame  period  occupying  more  the  Har- 
than  one  volume,  and  it  being  frequently  neceflary  to  examine  leianMSS. 
all  the  volumes  in  learching  for  the  completed  record  of  one 
particular  debate.     The  ftate  of  the  writing,  too,  with  its 
blotted  and  often  hopeleflly  involved  interlineations,  interpofes 
frequent  obftruftion.      My  references   have,   however,    been 
made  with  much  care ;  and,  where  not   minutely  exa6l,  will 
always  be  found  within  one  or  two  folios  of  the  precil'e  place 
fought. 


82  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

"  who  firft  offered  violence  to  the  citizens,"''^ 
and  that  Colonel  Lunfford  was  one  of  thofe 
whofe  fwords  had  flafhed  in  the  faces  of  un- 
Second      armed    men.     Next   day,    however,   Tuefday 
Tumults^  the  28th  December,  the  day  following  that  on 
z8th  Dec.  which  Lunfford  had  fo  led  the  affault  on  the 
crowd  in  Weftminfter  Hall,  D'Ewes  was  again 
at  his  poft,  and  found  Cromwell  fpeaking  on 
Lord  Newport's  difmifTal  from  the  conftable- 
fhip  of  the  Tower. 
Lord  The    honorable    member    for    Cambridge 

difm^l  ^  feldom  failed  to  give  a  pradical   bearing   and 
debated,     purpofe  to    any  debate  he   engaged    in,    and 
now   he  was  employing    the    Newport  affair 
to  bring  the  Houfe  back  to  confideration  of 
the  point,  not  whether  fuch  idle  words  as  the 
King  imputed  had  been  fpoken,j"  but  whether 
treafonable  advice  had  at  any  time  been  given, 
and  by  whom,  for  bringing  up  the  army  to 
overawe    the    deliberations    of    that    Houfe. 
Oliver       Cromwell,  as  we  have  feen  Captain   Slingfby 
fpeaking:  inform  his  Admiral,  diftindtly  pointed  to  my 
Lord  of  Briftol,  Lord^  Digby's  father  ;  and, 
reviving  an  old  to  couple  with  it  a  new  charge, 
arraigned  him  not  merely  as  having  notorioufly 
counfelled  the  Sovereign  in  former  years,  for 
worldly  and    prudential    reafons,   to    become 
,  Roman  Catholic,^  but  as  having,  in  regard  to 

*  Harleian  MSS.  162,  f.  287  b. 
f  See  ante,  p.  38, 

j  When  they  were  together  in  Spain,  upon  that  mad  freak  of 
tlie  Spanifh  Match  which  carried  with  it  feveral  veiy  grave  con- 


§  VIII.     What  was  pajfing  in  the  Houfe.  83 

the  matter  of  bringing  up  the  Northern  force, 
diftindly  advifed  his  Majefty,  in  language  con- 
fefled    by    himfelf,  to   "  put    the  army  in  a 
"  pofture."    Fit,  then,  faid  Cromwell,  that  this 
Houfe  defire  the  Lords  to  join  with  us  in  De- 
moving  his  Majefty  that  fuch  a  perfon  as  this  the  Earl 
Earl  of  Briftol  be  removed  from  his  councils,  of  Bnftol. 
For  what  room  was  there  to  doubt  that  a  more 
than  ordinary  meaning  lay  beneath  the  words 
fo  ufed  ?     The  due  pofture  of  the  army  at 
that  time,  added  Cromwell,  with  the  homely 
force  and  vigour    that    charaderifed    all    his 
fpeeches,    was   the   -pofture   of  lying  ft  ill ^  and 
that    pofture  the  faid  army  was   already    in.* 
Denzil  Hollis  followed  up  this  attack  on  Lord  Denzil 

Hollis 

Briftol   by  fome  telling  blows  againft  his  fon,  attacks 
Lord    Digby,    who    had    declared    only   the  ^}\ 
previous  day,  in  a  fpeech  which  Hollis  juftly 
charaderifed  as  the  moft  dangerous  and  perni- 
cious that  could  be  fpoken  by  a  fubjed,  that 
this  was  not  a  free  Parliament. f 

And  here  let  me  interpofe,  that  though  the 
accufed  members  always   maintained  that  the 
King  aded  on    other   than  a  fingle    perfon's  Lord 
advice  in  his  great  outrage  againft  them,  it  is  complicity 
hardly  necefl'ary  alfo  to  fay  that  they  needed  ^i^^  ^*" . 

1  •  n-  I  r     T        J      -TN-    1     ,    tempts  of 

nothmg    to   allure    them    or    Lord    Digby  s  3rd  and 
thorough  complicity.  It  may  be  well  to  premife,  "^^^  J^"* 

fequences.  Perhaps  the  beft  account  of  it  can  be  gathered  from 
Howell's  Letters, 

*  Harleian  MSS.  162,  f.  288  a. 

f  lb,  f.  291  a,  b. 

a  2 


84  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

however,  that  in  whatever  is  further  to  be  faid 

No  acquit-  having  a  tendency  to  involve  others,  no  acquit- 

Lord        ^'^  of  Lord  Digby  is  intended.     His  fhare  was 

Digby  in-  open  and  avowed,  at  any  rate  after  the  event ; 

and  when  on  the    19th  February  1641-2,  the 

Houfe  (overruHng  a  recommendation  from  the 

committee  to   whom     the    matter  had   been 

referred,  and  of  which  Sir  John  Evelyn  was 

chairman,    for   a    bill    of  attainder)   refolved 

to  impeach  him,  one   of  the    refolutions    on 

Refolution  which  they  proceeded  was  "  That  hee  was  an 

peach-      "  advifer  of  the  articles  ag*  the  five  members, 

ment.        cc  ^j^^^  q£  ^j^^  King's  coming  to  the  Houfe  of 

"  Commons."*    Other  notices  and  indications 

of  the  fufpicion  in  which  both  Digby  and  his 

father  were  juftly  held  will  hereafter  appear  alfo 

in  many  private  letters. 

Aconfiderablepaufe  enfued  in  the  Houfe  after 

Cromwell  had  fpoken,  and  in  the  courfe  of  his 

entry  in  this  day's  Journal,  D'Ewes  has  thrice 

Ji°"S        to  remark  that  there  followed  "  a  long  filence." 

lilences  ^  c> 

in  the  The  fhadow  of  events  of  which  no  man  could 
forecaft  the  courfe  or  fee  the  end,  had  by  this 
time  fallen  upon  the  moft  voluble  debaters ;  and 
only  the  few  refolute  men  who  held  together 

Tuefday  ^j^^^  \^^  ^^  majority,  proof  alike  againft  the 
temptations  of  the  Court  and  the  impatience  of 
the  People,  kept  their  courage  and  refolves 

!  unfhaken. 

The  next  day  pafled   more  quietly.     For 

*  Verney's  t^otes,  157. 


§  VIII,     What  was  pajfing  in  the  Uouje.  85 

though    a  grofs  outrage  was   fuddenly  com-  Wedncf- 
mitted  by  a  party  of  foldiers  upon  a  number  ^  jjj  Dec 
of   citizens    pafTmg    Whitehall    after    having 
carried   up  a  petition  to  the  Houfe   of  Com- 
mons,* means  had  been  taken  by  the  popular 
leaders  to  prevent  the  recurrence  of  the  crowds 
of   the    two    previous    days ;    and    the    only 
threatening    appearances    in    the   ftreets   were 
from    flowly    increafing    groups    of    diflblute 
armed    men,  filently    gathering   to    the    new 
Guard  at  Whitehall.     Still   the  greateft   fears 
and    doubts   prevailed,    and    while   Cromwell  Cromwell 
was  addrefling  the  Houfe  upon  the  neceffity  officering 
of   having   the   army,    efpecially    in   Ireland,  of  the 
officered    by    men    in    whom     the    people's 
reprefentatives  had  confidence,  a  man  named 
Rowley  was  brought  to  the  bar  to  give  evi- 
dence of  certain  matters  by  which  a  worthy 
member  had  been  not  a  little  alarmed.    *'  De- 
"  pofed  by  Rowley,"  fays  D'Ewes,  "  that  he 
"  heard  a    French    papift  fay  to    another    in 
"  Cheapfide  on  Monday  laft  that  he  under- 
'*  ftood    there   were    hurly-burleys    at    Weft- Threats  of 
*^  minfter,  and  that  if  there  fhould  fall  out  any  terference 
"  hurly-burleys  here,  there  fhould  soon  come  *°  P"^ 

■'  "^  down 

"  fifteen  thoufand  French  out  of  France  upon  Englifh 
"  our  backs."!  The  Houfe  took  no adion  upon  '  ^"'" 

•  Ante,  68  and  78. 

•f-  D'Ewes  MS.  Journal:  Wednefday,  29  December,  164.1. 
The  Member  for  Cambridge  complained  loudly  on  this  occafion 
that  no  place  had  yet  been  found  among  the  Irifti  Military 
appointments  for  Captain  Owen  O'Connel. 


86  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

this,  any  more  than  upon  a  report  fubfequently 
brought   in    by  Sir  Arthur    Haselrig   to  the 
infolence  ^ff^^  ^}^^^  ^  French  prieft  had  faid  he  hoped 
French      ere  long  to  fee  half-a-dozen  parliament  men 
^"^  '       hanged.     It  is  neverthelefs  not  undeferving  of 
remark,  that  it  was  mainly  from  French  per- 
fons  that  every  afcertained  or  diftind  warning 
was  obtained,  before  the  event,  of  the  outrage 
about  to  be  committed.     Madame  de  Motte- 
ftcrets       ville,  and  the  people   about  the  Queen,  un- 
known to  doubtedly  knew  it ;    the  French  ambaffador, 
French.     Montreuil,  took  credit  to  himfelf  afterwards 
for  having  fecretly  fent  notice  to  the  leaders  of 
the  House ;  it  was  from  a  French  officer,  on  the 
day  of  the  attempt,  that  the  intelligence  was 
obtained  which  certainly  prevented  bloodflied  ; 
it  was,  as  we  fhall   find    ftated    by   D'Ewes, 
from  a  "  noble  perfon  who  wiffies  well  to  this 
"  nation  "*    (in  other   words  moft   probably 
Montreuil,  whose   credit,  hitherto  impugned, 
Frenchin-the  remark  may  re-eftablifli),  that  the  French 

formation.     j~.  .  ^ .  /^  •         t 

omcer  m  queltion,  Captam  Langres,  was 
enabled  to  do  that  fervice ;  and,  the  fame 
authority  will  tell  us,  it  was  by  a  member  of 
the  King's  new  guard,  a  Frenchman  named 
Fleury,  that  Captain  Langres  was  informed, 
three  weeks  before  the  more  fpecial  warning 
I  on  which  he  aded,  that  great  troubles  were 

hatching. 

From  one  of  our  own  countrymen,  indeed, 

♦  Harleian  MSS.  162  f.  310  b. 


§  viir.     What  was  pajjlng  in  the  Houfe.  87 

an  Englifhman  ftill  famous  for  his  imagination 
and  wit,  a  warning  reached  Lord  Kimbolton 
the  day  before  the  arreft  :  when  Marfton  the 
dramatift,  then  laid  by  the  heels  in  the  Gate-  Wammg 
Houfe,    had  written  to  him    of  a  danger  to  foner  in 
himfelf  and  the  Parliament  which  it  concerned  ^0^^^*^' 
him  at  once  to  know  ;  which  admitted  of  no 
delay,  inafmuch  as  no  one  could  tell  how  foon 
it  might  be  too  late  ;  and  which,  not  more  for 
his  own  than  the  Parliament's  fake,  he  was  on 
no  account  to  flight,  as  thinking  it  of  mean 
confequence.*  But,  of  all  the  debtors'  prifons, 

*  I  fubjoin  this  letter,  found  by  Mr.  Cunningham  among  John 
other  papers  of  the  time  at  Kimbolton  Caftle,  and  firft  printed  Marfton  to 
by  Mr.  Collier  in  his  edition  of  Shakefpeare  (1858,  i.  179).  Lord 
It  is  undated,   but  that  "  this  prefent  Monday  "  was  Monday  Kimbol- 
the  3rd  January    164.1-2,  is   rendered  in  my  judgment  abfo-  ton: 
lutely  certain  by  the  circumftances.      Whether,  indeed,  the 
writer  was  the  poet  Marfton  I  was  difpofed  to  doubt  until  I 
was  favored  with  a  communication   from  Mr.    Beedham  of 
Kimbolton,  to  whom  my  beft  thanks  are  due.     "  To  the 
"  Right  Honorable  the  Lord  Kimbolton  thefe.     My  Lord, — 
*'  Though  my  owne  miferies  prefs  me  hard  to  follicite  your 
"  Honours  Companion,  yet  that  you  may  be  aflured  how  much 
"  I  am  vnfeduc't   from   my  former  temper,  I  ftiall  now  dif- 
"  ferue  my  lelfe   (though  my  condicon  be  very  calamitous)  Has  a  dif- 
"  to  ferue  your  Honour,  and  y*  Parliam',  in  a  matter  of  no  covery  to 
"  meane  concernm' :  The  errand  I  fend  this  paper  on  to  your  make,  im- 
'*  Lord'P  is  to  off"er  to  your  Honour  a  dilcovery  of  no  meane  portant  to 
"  confequence,  w'^''  I  befeech  your  Honor  not  to  flight  before  his  Lord- 
"  you  know  it ;  for  when  you  do,  I   am  fure  you  will  not :  ftiip  and 
"  to  w'^  purpofe  I  humbly  beg  that  your  Honor  will  fend  to  Parlia- 
"  fom   fuch   trufty   and   rationall   meffinger   to    me,    whofe  ment. 
"  relacoh  to  your  Honour  may  be   heere  vnknowne,  and  y' 
'*  the  fame  meilinger  may  bring  me   fom  affurance  y*   I  ftiall 
"  be  concealed  in  y*  bufinefs  :  My  Lord,  I  hope  you  will  not 
"  delay,  for  I  cannot  tell  how  foone,  it  may  be  to  late  :  For 
"  y*  future  I  befeech  your  Honor  to  efteeme  me  a  moft  fayth- 
"  full  feruant  to  your  Honor  and  y'  Parliam',  from  w*^*"  nothing 
'*  ftiall   eucr  diflbblige   Your   moft    humble   feruant,   John 
"  Marston. — From  the  Gate-Howfe  thisprefent  Monday." 


$"8:  Jrreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

Prifon  for  the  Gate-Houfe  was   that  to  which  all   men 
and  re-      under  remand  or  examination  from  the  Council- 
cufants,     table,    and  eminently    all   Jefuit    priefts   and 
recufants,    were    incefTantly   committed ;    and 
that  Marfton  had  derived  his  information  from 
Tome  one  connedled  with  the  French  fathers 
and  confeflbrs  about  the  Queen,  I  entertain  no 
doubt  whatever.     Other  circumftances  render 
it  as  little  doubtful  that  the   contemplated  im- 
peachment had  been  fecretly  talked  about  for 
fome  days,  and  that  hints   and  cautions  had 
been  permitted  to  efcape.  It  will  fhortly  be  feen 
what  good  grounds  D'Ewes  gives  us  for  be- 
rpi,g         lieving,  that  Pym  himfelf  knew  at  leaft  enough 
danger      of  the  intention   to  hazard  the  impeachment 

known  to  .,  .  i  •    n 

Pym.  to  put  him  wanly  on  his  guard  as  againlt  a 
particular  impending  danger,  at  leaft  four  days 
before  the  attempt  of  which  it  has  been  the 
cuftom  of  all  hiftorians  to  write  as  having 
entered  into  the  mind  of  the  King  only  the 
moment  before  its  execution.* 

§  IX.   The  Bishops  sent  to  the  Tower. 
Thurfday       THURSDAY,  the  30th    December,  was  now 

30th  Dec. 

*  See  alfo  my  Hijl.  and  Biog.  EJJays,  i.  135,  note,  forfmgular 

intimations,  in  the  reafons  prefented  to  the  Lords  for  the  claim 

of  the    Houles    to    be  guarded   by  the   trainbands  they  had 

feledled,  that  Pym   knew  the  pofTible  danger  they  had  mod 

caufe  to  dread.     He   there  fpeaks  of  the  "  furprizing  of  the 

Attack  on  "  perfons  of  divers  members  of  the  Scottish  parliam';"  fays 

Parlia-        thatwhifperings  had  gone  abroad  of  "the  like  being  intended 

ment  ex-     "  ^g'  divers  perfons  of  both  Houfes  here  ;"  and  broadly  ftates 

pefted,        in  his  conclufion  that  there  was  "juft  caufe  to  apprehend  fome 

30th  Nov.  "  wicked  and  mifchievous  pra6^ice  ftill  in  hand  to  interrupt 

164.1.  *'  the  peaceable  proceedings  of  this  parliament." 


§  IX.     'The  Bijhopsjent  to  the  Tower.  89 

come,  and  hardly  had  the  Lower  Houfe  aflem- 
bled,  when  an  urgent  meffage  from  the  Lords,  Meflage 

,  .  ^     ,  ^  from  the 

toucnmg  matters   or  dangerous    coniequence.  Lords, 
called  them  to  conference.     The  Bifhops  in  a 
body  had  fent  to  the  Lords,  through  the  King, 
that  ill-advifed    Proteftation   which    was    the  Protefta- 
fruitful  fource  of  fo  much  fubfequent  mifchief,  Bifhops. 
ftating  that  fuch    had    been    the    tumults    in 
Weftminfter  for  the   laft    three  days,  and   fo 
obftru6led  and  menaced  had  they  been  in  the 
attempt  to  take  their  feats,*  that  they  did  not 

*  I  have  already  quoted  the  account  of  the  afTault  on  the  What  the 
Archbifliop  given  by  the    fon  of  the    Chief  Juftice   of  the  mob  did  to 
Queen's  Bench,  a  great  friend  of  Mr.  Hyde's,  who  faw  Wil-  Arch- 
liams's  gown  torn,  and  was  witnefs  to  all  that  led  to  what  biftiop 
Clarendon  defcribes  as  the  irrepreflible    rage,  and  the    ill-  Williams, 
advifed   proteftation,   of  the  too  fiery    Archbifliop.       Hyde 
himfelf  alfo  relates  the  incident  (^Hiji.  ii,  113),  declaring  In 
his  exaggerated  way  that  Williams's   "robes"  were  "torn 
"  fromhia  back;"  with  the  addition,  which  his  friend  Bramfton 
carefully  avoids  making,  and  for  which  there  is  no  proof,  that 
the  Bifhop's  "  perlbn  was  afTaulted."  I  mull  add  the  account  of 
the  fame  difturbances  from   another  eye-witnefs,  Williams's 
quaint  and  admiring  biographer,  Hacket  (^Scrinia  Referata,td, 
1693,  part  ii.  177-179),  who  attended  Williams  at  the  time,  and 
who,  notwithftandingall  his  fanciful  fuperfluity  of  phrafe,  rather 
confirms  Bramfton  than  Hyde:  "There  had  been  an  unruly  Evidence 
"  and  obftreperous  concourfe  of  the  people  in  the  Earl   of  of  Bram- 
*'  Strafford's  cafe;  but   a  fedition  broke  forth  about  Xmas  fton 
"  that  was  ten  times  more  mad  ....     The  King  came  to  Hyde,  and 
"  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  to  demand  five  of  their  members  Hacket. 
"  to  juftice,  upon  impeachment  of  treafon.     His  Majefty,  it 
"  feems,  was  too  forward  to  threaten  fuch  perfons  with  the 
"  fword  of  juftice,  when  he  wanted  the  buckler  of  f'afety  .  .  . 
**  I  am  fure  the  King  fuffered  extremely  for  their  fakes :  all 
"  feftaries  and  dcfperate  varlets  in  city  and  fuburbs  flocked  by 
"  thoufands  to  the  Parliament  ....     Let  the  five  members 
"  be  as    honeft  as    they  would    make  them,   I    am   certain 
"  thefc  were  traitors  that  begirt  the   King's  Houfe  where  his 
**  perfon  was,  with  hoftility  by  land  and  water  .  .  .     every 
"  day  making  battery  on  all  the  Bifliops  as  they  came  to 
"  Parliament,  forcing  their  coaches  back,  tearing  their  gar- 


■90  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members, 

mean   again   to  fit   or   vote  until  effedtually 


They 

retire  from  ^  , 

the  Houfe:  ICCUred 


by    his    Majefty  from  the  repetition 


"  merits,  menacing  if  they  came  any  more."     (Given  with  all 
the  intercalated  quotations  and  illuftrations  of  the  original, 
the  foregoing  pafl'age  would  have  filled  feveral  pages).     It  is 
Hacket's     '^ow  many  years  fmce  I  called  attention  to  Racket  s  work,  in 
Scrinia       *he  hope  that  it  might  find  fome  learned  fociety  not  indifpofed 
Referata     *o  gi^^  ^  modern  and  acceffible  form  to  fo  genuine  a  Curiofity 
defcribed.   o^  Literature.     It  may  be  doubted  if  the  language  contains 
fuch  another  produ6l  of  a  bufy,  garrulous,  fertile,  fanciful, 
not  very  ufeful,  but  prodigioufly  ftored   memory  and  brain. 
Every   folio   page  of  it  (and  it  contains  nearly  600  of  the 
clofeft  print)  briftles  with  Greek  and  Latin  quotations,  applied 
with  a  rich  and  ready  refource  that  is  fairly  aftoniftiing.     It  is 
nothing  to  fay  that  Seneca  could  not  be  too  heavy  nor  Plautus 
too  light  for  him,  for  he  has  all  the  clafTics  from  Homer  down- 
wards at  his  fingers'  ends;  and  it  is  really  little  (hort  of  appalling 
Ufelefs        to  obferve  to  what  a  fmall  praftical  ufe  it  is  poflible  to  turn 
know-         fuch  a  vaft  amount  of  the  kind  of  learning  ftill  prized  in  our 
ledge.  fchools  and  colleges  as  beyond  every  other  in  importance. 

Witty   conceits  and  well-chofen   poetry ;    admiring  excerpts 
out   of  Chaucer,  Spenfer,  and   Ben  Jonion  ;    metaphors  and 
figures  out  of  all  departments  of  knowledge  ;  apophthegms  of 
the  ftudy  and  the  field  ;  quips  of  the  nurfery  5  and  the  blackeft- 
lettered  lore  of  the  Fathers  of  the  Church  ;  are  heaped  up  in 
extravagant  profufion.  Too  learned  Hacket !   When  he  wrote 
this  book   (he  finifhed  it  in  1657,  though  it  was  not  publiftied 
till  1693),  it  behoved  him  to  keep  wary  watch  over  his  public 
fayings  in  his  Reftory  of  Cheam  ;  and  his  Scrinia  Referata 
was  the  only  efcape  he  had  for  all  that  accumulated  mafs  of 
Written      ufelefs  knowledge.     Cromwell  was  then  our  Englifh  Sovereign, 
during  the  "jetting"  up  and  down,  as  Hacket  phrafesit,  in  all  his  glory, 
Protefto-    and  nobody  had  courage  enough  to   "  ftrike  him  to  the  heart 
rate.  *'  and  expire  upon  the  murderer."     Nay,  there  was  one  man 

who  had  what  he  terms  the  incredible  effrontery  to  defend 
and  champion  the  murderer,  and,  "  petty  fchool-boy  fcribbler  " 
as  he  was,  to  engage  in  controverfy  with — "  O  what  a  miracle 
"  of  judgment  and  learning  ! — Salmafius  !  "  Yes,  even  with 
the  "  matchlefs  Salmafius,  with  the  prince  of  the  learned  men 
•'  of  his  age,"  did  "  fo  bafe  an  adverfary — O  horrid  !  " — dare 
Attack  on  *°  meafure  himfelf,  as  that  "  blackmouth'd  Zoilus  "  Milton! 
Milton:  '*  ^^^  *^^^  behind  me,  Milton,"  exclaims  Hacket,  foaming 
over  at  the  very  mention  of  the  name.  He  is  "  that  ferpent 
"  Milton  :  "  he  is  "  a  Shimei,"  "a  dead  dog,"  "a  canker- 
"  worm  ;"  his  fpirit  is  "venomous  "  and  his  breath  that  of  a 
"  viper."  This,  to  be  fure,  was  while  Europe  rang  from  fide 
to  fide  with  the  Letter  to  Salmafius^  and  ten  years  before 


§  IX.     'The  Bi/hopsfent  to  the  Tower.  91 

of  fuch    affronts,    indignities,   and    dangers :  ^"^  P""?- 
wherefore  did  they  then    and  therein   proteft  proceed- 
againft  all  laws,  orders,  votes,  refolutions,  and  j^f[j.'° 
determinations,  as  in  themfelves  null  and  of  abfence. 
no  effect,  "  which  in  their  abfence,  fince  the 
"  27th  of  this  inftant  month  of  December  1 641 , 
"  have  already  paffed ;  as  likewife  againft  all 
"  fuch  as  fhall  hereafter  pafs  during  the  time 
*'  of  their  forced  and  violent  abfence."     The 
defign  of  this  daring  ad:,  and  the  objed:  of 
Archbifhop    Williams,  its   real  author,   have 
been  remarked  upon  by  the  prefent  writer  in  a 


the  publication  of  Paradife  Loft,  which   Hacket  (who  died 
Bifliop  of  Lichfield  and  Coventry)  furvived  three  years  ;  but 
it  feems  probable,  by  the  allufion  to  petty  fchoolboy  fcribbling,  A  fchool- 
that   he   at  leaft  knew  of  the  Minor  and    Jwvenile  Poems,  boy 
though  I  think  it  more  than  probable,  if  he  had  read  them,  fcribbler ! 
that  even  the  controverfy  with  Salmafms  would  hardly  have 
thrown  him  into  fuch  tranfports  of  unmitigated  abufe.     For 
Hacket  really  appears  to  have  had  fome  judgment  in  poetry. 
He  knew  nothing  about  Shakefpeare,  but  neither  did  anybody  Shake- 
elfe,  though  the  tour  greatelt  works  of  human  genius,  Hamlet,  Ipeare 
Lear,    Macbeth,   and  Othello,   had  all  been  written  within  not 
the  century,  and  Hacket  had  himfelf  arrived   at  man's  eftate  known, 
before  the  Tempelt  was  played,  and  the  wand  of  the  magi- 
cian broken.   Still,  he  carefully  avoids  the  admiration,  then  fo 
common,  of  the  fecond  rate  fantaftical  fchool;  and  he  declares 
Ben  Jonfon,  whom  he  calls   "our  laureat  poet,"  and  "  our  Praife  of 
"  matter  poet,"  to  be  "the  beft  of  our  poets  of  this  century."  Jonfon, 
Chaucer  with  him  is  *'  noble  Chaucer ;  "  and  little  fhort  of  Chaucer, 
the   rapturous   are   his   allufions   to    "  our   divine   poet  Mr.  and  Spen- 
'*  Spenler,"    to   "our  arch    poet   Spenfer,"   to    "our   moft  fer. 
"  laureat  poet  Spenfer,"  to  "  Mr.  Spenfer's  divine  wit,"  and 
to  "  Mr.  Spenfer's  moral  poem,"  on  which  he  largely  draws 
for  illuftrations  and  comparifons.     One  rather  grieves  to  think 
that  even  if  Mr.  B.  Simmons   ftiould  happen   to   have   fent 
to  the  good  old  Bifhop  in   1667  the  new  epic  poem  he  had 
publiftied,  he  is  lefs  likely  to  have  read  beyond  the  author's 
name  on  the  title  page  than  to  have  thereupon  inftantly  thruft 
it  afide  with  another  "  Get  thee  behind  me,  Milton  !  " 


9  2  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members, 

EfFeft  of  former    work.*      Its    immediate   eflfed   was 

Proteft. 

thoroughly  to  excite  both  Houfes  mto  at  once 

difabling    its    abettors   from    fuch    power    of 

further   mifchief  as,  if  the  Proteft  had  been 

admitted,  or  even  pafTed  in  mere  filence  and 

contempt,  they  might  thereafter  have  exerted 

fatally.     Carry  fuch  a  proteft  but  into  its  next 

ftage,   and  what   was  known  to  be  the  moft 

Anoppor-  cherifhed  hope  of  the  King,  that    he    might 

defired  by  ^^  "^^^  ^^^  ^^7  ^^  revoke,  on  the  ground  that 

the  King.  Parliament  had  not  been   free,  all  the  popular 

conceffions  of  the  paft   momentous  year,  was 

open  to  him  at  any  time  as  not  diftant  or  im- 

pofTible. 

Whatever  the  view  taken  of  the  nature  or 

extent  of  the  tumults,  no  contemporary  wit- 

nefs  has  ventured  to  ftate  that  they  were  fuch 

as  to  provoke  an  ad:  like  this.    The  gatherings 

"  Mobs "  in  the  Hall,  and  at  the  entrance  to  the  Houfe 

days  only.  0^  Lords,  wcre  limited   to  the    Monday  and 

Tuefday,  the  27th  and  28th  ;    and  while  the 

tumults  of  thofe  days  were  at  their  height,  we 

have  evidence  of  what  was   fuifered    by    the 

chief  complainant  himfelf,  the  author  of  the 

Proteftation,  from   the  only  perfon  who  fays 

expreffly    that    what    he    fets   down    he   faw. 

The         Archbifhop  Williams  had  his  gown  torn  as  he 

provoca-    pafled    into    the    Houfe.      But   beyond    that 

tion given,  i^fult,  witnefTed  by  Mr.  Bramfton,  there  is  no 

*  Hift.  andBiog.  EJfays,  i.  262,  268  :     "  The  Civil  Wars 
and  Cromwell." 


§  IX.      'The  Bijhopsjent  to  the  Tower.  93 

evidence  of  any  kind  on  record   of  a   fpecial 

hurt  or  injury  received  by  any  of  them.     The  what  the 

utmoft  that  is  alleged  by  the  only  member  of  J'^^^p  of 

°  ^  ,      ^  .  Norwich 

the  Epifcopal  party  who  has  himfelf  defcribed  faw  and 
the  occurrences,  is  that  the  rabble  came  by 
thoufands  to  the  Houfe,  filled  the  outer 
rooms,  and  abufed  them  as  they  pafled  in, 
crying,  No  BiJJ.wps !  no  Bijhops!*  On  the 
other  hand  there  feems  to  me  fufficient  tefti- 
mony  that  pains  had  been  taken,  by  mem- 
bers of  their  own  Houfe,  to  put  the  Bifhops 
generally  into  that  fort  of  needlefs  fright  which  Fright 
might  induce  them  readily  to  fall  in  with  fuch  fhrHoufe 
a  Proteftation.  One  of  the  moft  famous  among  i'^^^^- 
them,  the  pious  and  learned  Hall,  Bifhop  of 
Norwich  and  author  of  the  Satires ^  has  in- 
formed us  j"  that  as  they  were  all  fitting 
together  in  the  afternoon  of  the  28th,  it  grew 
to  be  torchlight,  and  Lord  Hertford,  who 
had  lately  received  his  marquifate  and  other 
fpecial  favors  from  the  King,  went  up  to  the 
form  on  which  they  fat,  told  them  they  were 
in  great  danger,  and  advifed  them  to  take  fome 
courfe  for  their  own  fafety.  "  What  is  it  ?  " 
they  cried.    "  What  ihould  we  do  ?  "    Where-  ?°"\^    ^ 

•'  ...  Lords  ad- 

upon  the  Marquis  (with  dlfiiculty  holding  his  vifmg : 
countenance,  it   may  be   imagined,   while  he 
did   fo)   counfelled   them   to  continue  in  the 
Parliament  Houfe  all  that  night.     "  Becaufe 

*  Hall's  If^orks,  i.  xliv. 

•J-  In  his  Hard  Meal'ure:  lVorks,i.  xlv.  ed.  Oxford,  1837. 


94  Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

Lord         «  ffaith  he)  thefe  people  vow  they  will  watch 

Hertford     ,,  ^  ^  K      ^  j        -ii     r         i 

alarms  the      you    at  your   going    out,    and  will    learch 

Bifhops:    (I  every  coach  for  you  with  torches,  fo  as  you 

"  cannot  efcape."    At  this  fome  of  them  rofe, 

and  earneftly  defired  of  their  Lordfhips  that 

for  the  prefent("for  all  the  danger,"  inter- 

pofes   the   Bifhop,  "  was  at  the  rifing  of  the 

"  Houfe")   fome    care   might    be    taken   for 

their   fafety.      Then    proceeds    Bifhop    Hall 

Lords       ^^*"y  innocently  :     "  ^he  motion  was  received 

fmiling.     "  by  fome  Lords  with  a  smile  :  and  fome  other 

"  Lords,  as  the  Earl  of  Manchefter,  undertook 

'*  the  protedlion  of  the  Archbilhop  of  York 

"  and   his   company    (whofe    fhelter    I   went 

"  under)  to  their  lodgings."   At  the  fame  time 

the  good  Bifhop  frankly  adds  that  thofe  who 

cared  to  flay  long  enough,  got  fafely  home 

without  help  of  any  kind. 

What  In  Williams's  lodgings,  doubtlefs,  the  Pro- 

at  Wil-     teftation  was  that  night  mooted  ;    and  thither 

hams's      ^^yj^   ^^iV.    at    the   invitation   of    Williams,* 

lodgings.  ^  1-1 

repaired  no  lefs  than  ten  other  right  reverend 
Lords.  '*  Where,"  fays  Clarendon,  "  imme- 
"  diately  having  pen  and  ink  ready,"  the 
paper  was  drawn  up,  figned  by  all  prefent,  and 
addreffed  to  the  King  for  prefentation  to  the 
Lords  ;  and  away  with  it  went  Williams  next 
morning  to  Whitehall.  There,  by  an  accident 
"Unfor-  which  Clarendon  calls  **  unfortunate,"  not  only 
accident.    ^^^  King,  but  his  Lord  Keeper,  at  the  very 

*  Clarendon,  Uiji,  ii.  1135  Bifliop  Hall,  Works y  i.  xlvi. 


§  IX.      T!he  Bijhopsjent  to  the  'Tower.  95 

moment  "  happened  "  to  be  ;    and  Charles  no  Charles 
fooner  received  the  Proteft,  than,  "  cafting  his  ^^^^^ 
"  eye  perfundlorily   upon  it,"   he  gave  it  to  Keeper  at 
Littleton,  and,  one  hour  later,  the  aflembled  haii'  ^' 
Lords  were  with  much  amazement  liftening  to 
it.*     In  this  there  may  have  been  nothing  but 
an    "  accident,"    as    Clarendon    alleges ;     al-  Accident 
though,  from  the  firft  note  of  alarm  given  by  ^^  ^  '^" ' 
Lord  Hertford,  it  looks,  all  of  it,  extremely 
like  a  fettled  and  planned  defign. 

But  the  hands  that  aimed  were  lefs  ftrong 
than    thofe    that  received    the   blow,  and  the 
recoil    was  inftant    and  fatal.     In    "half-an- 
"  hour  "  f  from  the  time  when  the  Commons 
were  informed  of  the  outrage  propofed  to  be 
committed  on  the  liberties  of  Parliament,  the 
impeachment  was  fent  up   againft  its  authors,  a  fur- 
Bifhop  Hall  fays  that  though  they  had  figned  f^^f  ^°' 
the  Proteft,  they  intended   ftill  to  have   had  Bifhops. 
fome  further  confultation  about  it ;  when,  be- 
fore they  had   time    even  to  fuppofe  that   it ' 
could  have   pafled  out   of  Williams's    hands, 
they  were  all  kneeling  as  accufed  traitors  at  the 
Bar  of  the  Lords.     Cromwell  had  been  adlive  what 
in  this  prompt  retribution  ;    and  long   years  ^o"u"ht 
afterwards,  when  addreffing  the  laft  Parliament  of  the 
of  his  Protectorate,  he  exulted  in  the  part  he  tion. 

*  Hiji.  ii.  114..  Hall's  account  flightly  differs  in  ftating 
that  though  they  all  heard  the  Proteft  read  at  Williams's 
lodgings,  it  was  afterwards  fent  for  their  fignatures  to  their 
own  feveral  places  of  abode. — fVorks,  i.  xlvi. 

t  HiJi.  ii.  118. 


g6  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

had  fo  taken  againft  men  who  would  needs 

have  it  that   no  laws    made  in  their  abfence 

fhould   be   good,  and   fo,  without   injury   to 

The  others,    cut  themfelves  off!      Men,    purfued 

charac-      Cromwell,  in  his  rough  grand  way,  that  were 

terized  by  trulv  of  an  Epifcopal  fpirit ;  men  indeed  that 

Cromwell.  .        ^  ^    j         ,        ,  i 

knew  not  uod  ;  that  knew  not  how  to  account 
upon  the  works  of  God,  how  to  meafure  them 
out ;  but  would  trouble  nations  for  an  intereft 
that  was  but  mixed  at  the  beft,  iron  and  clay 
like  the  feet  of  Nebuchadnezzar's  image  !  * 

Nor  in  this  did  Protedlor  Oliver  go  beyond 
what  undoubtedly  had  been  the  feeling  at  the 
General  time.  So  generally  adverfe  did  opinion  run 
the  time,  againft  the  ill-advifed  a6l,  that  even  Clarendon 
cannot  find  it  in  his  heart  to  fpare  any  expref- 
fion  of  contempt  for  the  fillinefs  and  folly  of  fo 
many  Bifhops,  during  a  ftorm  which  had  carried 

Cafe  *  This  is  not  the  place  for  any  detailed  ftatement  of  the 

againft  the  ^"^^^  againft  the  Bifliops,  which  was  a  very  ftrong  one  j  or  of 
Bifhops.      ^^  caufes,  which  were  many  and  great,  that  had  led  to  their 

extraordinary  unpopularity  at  this  time.  Suffice  it  to  fay 
Them-  that  they  had  themfelves  mainly  to  thank  for  it,  and  that  the 
felves  to  tumults  of  which  they  now  complained  were  but  what  their 
thank  for  own  friends,  arguing  from  the  violence  and  paffion  dif- 
their  un-  played  by  them,  had  expe6ted  and  predicted  in  the  preceding 
popu-  fummer.  On  the  17th  June  1641,  Sidney  Bere  had  thus  written 
larity.  to  Pennington  (MS.  St.  P.  O.) :   "  Fears  &  fufpitions  amongft 

"  us  are  foe  great  that  I  feare  nothing  lefTe  than  that  we  fhall 
Their  "  yett  fall  into  a  confufion,  w'!"  God  forbid.    The  bufmefs  of 

violence  "  the  Biftiopps  wilbe  of  dangerous  conlequence,  they  being 
and  paf-  "  violent  and  paflionate  in  their  owne  defence,  &  having  in- 
fion  17th  "  gaged  (as  it  were)  the  Lords  by  their  late  votes  in  their 
June  "  tavo',  to  the  maintenance  of  their  caufe,  whereas  the  Com- 

1641,  "  mons  feemeas  refolute  to  pafle  the  bill  for  their  utter  extir- 

"  pation,  and  foe  tranfmitt  it  to  the  Lords  according  to  y' 
A  true  "  custome,  &  then  it  may  juftly  be  feared  the  Citty  will 
prediction.  "  prove  as  turbulent  as  they  were  on  Strafford's  caufe." 


•^ 


Claren- 


§  IX.      The  Bi/fwpsfent  to  the  I'ower,  97 

away  card  and  compafs,  and  fent  the  beft  pilot  to 
his  prayers,  fevering  from  the  good  fhip  and  truft- 
ins  themfelves  to  fuch  a  cockboat  as  Williams! 
But,  quite  as  ftrongly  as  his  diflike  of  the  mif-  J^"^"^ 
chievous  Proteftation,  the  danger  and  fcandal  opinion 
of  which    he  cannot  pretend   to   conceal,  his 
objeftion  to  the  punifhment  that  fo  promptly 
followed  it  is  put  prominently  forward ;  and 
he  afFeds  to  think  that  pofterity  will  hold   it 
for  incredible  that  Parliament  fhould  fo  have 
outraged  public  decency,  as  to  affix  to  fuch  an 
offence  as  a  fimple  proteft  a  penalty  fo  out- 
rageoufly  difproportioned   as  that  of  treafon.  as  to 
But  as  ufual  this  is  a  grofs  mifreprefentation  ^nJ^^^' 
of  the  fads,  as  well  as  of  the  fentiments  of  the 
time,  even  as  they  are  yet  difcoverable  among 
thofe  leaft  friendly  to  the  two  Houfes  ;  and  the 
entire  untruftworthinefs  of  the  author  of  fuch 
ftatements  is  never  fully  manifeft,  until  we  are 
able  to  place  them   fide    by   fide  with   con-  Contem- 
temporary  notices  of  the  fame  occurrences,  fet  accounts, 
down   with    no    other   objeft   than   upon  the 
inftant  to  refled:  and  convey,  without  conceal- 
ment of  the  paffions  or  bias  of  each  writer, 
the  living  opinions  and  emotions  of  the  hour. 

Captain  Slingfby  does  not  affed  to  be  anv  SHngfby 

V   '   •        \  I       1     n-i  ^  toVtn- 

great  politician,  but  even  as  he  haftily  wrote  to  nington, 
Pennington,  in  the  afternoon  of  the  very  day  '^°^^  ^^^' 
of    this   memorable    incident,    he   makes   its 
gravity  and  danger  very  confpicuous  through 
his  few  confufed  fentences  defcribing  it.  "  This 


98 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 


His 


'*  day,"  he  writes,  "  the  BIfhopps  have  made  a 
"  Proteftatlon  agalnft  the  proceedings  of  this 
*'  Parliament,  declaring  it  no  free  parliament, 
opinion  of  "  This  makes  a  great  ftirre  here.  The  favourers 
theProtef-  <«  of  them  thinke  it  don  to  foone.  The  other 
"  fide  do  feeme  now  to  rejoyce  that  It  is  don, 
"  having  thereby  excluded  themfelves  from 
"  it."  *  He  means  that  the  a(5t  was  at  once 
feen  to  exclude  its  authors  from  ever 
refuming  their  feats  in  Parliament,  which,  in- 
deed, was  all  the  Commons  had  in  view  in 
bringing  againft  them  a  charge  of  treafon ;  and 
that  even  thofe  friends  of  the  King  who  were 
favourable  to  fo  bold  an  aflault  on  the  very 
exiftence  of  the  Parliament,  felt  that  it  had 
been  done  prematurely.  In  the  fame  fpirit,  on 
the  fame  day,  writes  Under  Secretary  Bere: 
"  This  day  there  hath  been  great  debatinge 
"  in  y^  houfes,  and  is  ftill,  but  I  cannot  ftay 
"  foe  long  to  heare  the  ifTue,  leafte  I  loofe  the 
"  comodity  of  this  ordinary.  Only  thus  much 
"  is  even  now  brought  for  newes — that  the 
"  Bifhopps  having  protefted  againft  all  the 
"  Adls  made  this  Parliament  againft  them, 
Committal  <<  twelve  of  them  are  now  committed,  and 
Bifhops.  "  two  others  fent  for  whereof  York  is  one. 
*'  But  the  particulars  hereof  I  will  not  affeure, 
"  being  but  even  now  brought  unto  me  ;  but 
'*  fomething  there  is  w*^''  by  my  next  you  ihall 


Even 
Bifhops' 
friends 
adverfe 
to  it. 

Under 
Secretary 
Bere  to 
Penning- 
ton, 30th 
Dec. 


Dec. 


MS.  State  Paper  Office.      Slingfby  to  Pennington,  30th 


^  IX.     ^he  Bi/hops/ent  to  the  Tower.  99 

*  have  more  particularly:  onlie  thus  much  to"Ourde- 
'  lett  you  fee  into  what  a  deplorable  condition  con^j;.  ^ 

'  we  are  falling.     I  pray  God  blefle  his  Ma^'e  tion." 

*  in  his  royall  perfon  and  councills,  that  wee 
'  may  once  fee  a  peaceable   and  quiett  time 

*  againe.   I  wifh  you,  Si",  a  happy  new  yeare, 

'  and  I  pray  God  the  great  tempefts  have  left  Prays  that 

*  you  in  health  and  faftie."  *     To  which  may  tempefts 
be  added  the  ftill  ftronger  teftimony  of  a  third  ^^""^^^^^ 

/•  f  11  •  t  1       the  Ad- 

correipondent,  equally   anxious   to  keep   the  miral  Me. 

Admiral,  amid  thofe  tempefts  at  fea,  quickly  and 

furely  informed  of  the  worfe  ftorm  raging  on 

the  land.     "  The  laft  plott  of  the  Biftiopps,"  ^^'^^^ 

writes   Mr.   Thomas    Smith    to    "  his    very  Smith  to 

"  lovinge  friend,"  on  the  afternoon  of  the  day  to^" "'"^' 

when  the  Proteft  was  made,  "hathbeene  their  30th  Dec. 

**  indeavour  to  make  this  Parliam*  no  parlia- 

"  ment,  and  fo  to  overthrowe  all  afles  paft,  and 

"  to  caufe  a  diflblution  of  it  for  the  prefent:  wch  Endea- 

11  T-»'/i    vour  or 

f^  hath  been  fo  ftrongly  followed  by  ye  Popilh  BUhops  to 
"  party,  that  it  was  faine  to  be  putt  to  the  Xe'^L^rl?' 
"  vote,  and  the  protefting  lords  carry ed  itt  to  Parlia- 
"  bee  a  free  and  perfedl  Parliam*-  as  ever  any  jone  and 
"  was  before.    This  did  foe  gawle  the  Bifhopps  5?^?^^  ^ 
"  that   they  made   their   Proteftacon   ag*  the  tion. 

*  MS.    State    Paper    Office.       Sidney   Bere    to   Admiral  Great 
Pennington,  30th  Dec.  1641.      An  illuftration  occurs  in  the  ftorms 
fame  letter  of  the  violence  of  the  ftorms  then  raging  on  the  raeing  on 
coaft.     **  The  Poft  of  Sandwich  tells  me  that  y*  laft  weeke  the  coaft. 
"  when  he  came  awaye,  your  boats  could  not  come  aftioare." 
**  We  heare,"  writes  Sllnglby,  in  a  letter  of  an  earlier  date, 
"  of  the  difafter  lately  hapened  to   the    Roebuclce  :  and  have 
"  been  very  fenfible  of  the  extreame  tempeftuous  weather  you 
"  have  had  fo  long  together." 

H  2 


.loo  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

"  freedom  of  y^  vote  and  y*  Parliam*,  and  in 

"  their  Proteftacon  have  inferted  fuch  fpeeches 

JTmparTd  "  ^^    ^^^6  brought  y"'  w'^'in  y^  compafle  of 

to  Achi-    "  treafon,  and  thus  the  Counsell  of  Acittaphill 

°^  '^  *      "  is  turn'd  into    foolifhneffe.     The    Earl    of 

Coinpli-    *'  Briftoll   and    his    fonne   have    been    cheife 

Lords        "  concurrents   with  them,   in  this    and  other 

Briftoland  «<  evill    councclls,  for  which   they  have  been 

'^  ^"      "  impeacht    and    branded    in    ye   Houfe   of 

"  Comons."  * 

The  writer  of  that  letter,  as  already  ftated, 
was  high  in  the  employment  and  confidence  of 
Lord  Northumberland,  and  his  account,  hafty 
and  confufed  as  it  is,  exprefles  more  accurately 
Real  drift  than  any  other  not  only  the  real  drift  of  the 
Proteft.  Proteft  to  efFedt  for  the  King  an  *^  overthrow 
"  of  all  adls  paft,"  and  rendei:  unavoidable  a 
difTolution,  but  the  prompt  proceeding  by 
which,  under  the  lead  of  the  Earl,  a  majority 
in  the  Houfe  of  Lords  at  once  met  and  baffled 
the  intrigue  of  Archbifhop  Williams.  For 
once,  indeed,  as  foon  as  the  firft  divifion  had 
been  taken,  the  Lords  adled  quite  as  eagerly 
as  the  Commons,  and  quite  as  eagerly  and 
promptly  as  the  King  in  fending  up  the  Pro- 
Prompt     teftation.     Within  half  an  hour  after  it  was 

action  of  _  ,      .  111/-,/. 

the  Lords,  prelentcd.  It  was  voted  a  breach  of  the  fun- 

*  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  Mr,  Thomas  Smith,  from  York 
Houfe  (the  Admiralty),  to  "His  very  loving  Friend  Sir  John 
"  Pennington,  knt.  Admiral  of  His  Ma''«*  Fleete  at  Sea  on 
"  Board  His  Ma''«»  Ship  the  Lyon  at  the  Downes."  30 
Dec.  1641. 


^ 'IX.      57.!^  Bi/hopsfent  to  the  Tower.  loi 

damental  privileges  and  being  of  Parliaments  ;  A  con- 
upon  the  inftant,  after  conference  between 
the  HoufeSj*  Glyn  was  fent  up  from  the 
Commons  to  impeach  the  Bifhops  for  an  en- 
deavour to  fubvert  the  very  exiftence  of  Parlia- 
ments, and  therein  the  fundamental  laws  of 
the  realm  ;  and   by  eight  o'clock  that  winter  30th  Dec. 

.    ,  i-     .  ,  .        J  8  o'clock 

nightj  ten  out  or  the  twelve  were  committed  pm.  ten 
to  the  Tower.f  and  the  other  two,  by  reafon  j^'^^ops 
of  their  great  age  ("  and  indeed  of  the  worthy  Tower. 
*'  parts  of  one  of  them,  the  learned  Biihop  of 

•  See  Commons  Journals,  ii.  362,  363. 

•f-  "  In  all  the  extremity  of  froft,"  fays  Bifhop  Hall  {JVorks, 
I.  xlv.),  "at  eight  o'clock  in  the  dark  evening,  we  were  voted  to 
"  the  Tower."  And  lirten  to  the  good  indignant  Racket.  (Scrinia 
Referata,  ii.  1 79)  :  "  Hear  and  admire,  ye  Ages  to  come,  what  Hacket  s 
"  became  of  this  Protellatlon,  drawn  up  by  as  many  Bifhops  as  Lament 
"  have  often  made  a  whole  provincial  council.     They  were  all  for  the 
''  called  by  the  temporal  Lords  to  the  bar,  and  from  the  bar  Bifhops. 
"  fent  away  to  the  Tower.     Nonne  fult  fatius  trifles  formidinis 
"  Iras,  Atque  fuperba  pati  faftldia  ?     A  rude  world  when  it 
"  was  fafer  to  do  a  wrong  than  to  complain  of  it.   The  people 
"  commit  the  trefpafs,  and  the  fufferers  are  punifh'd  for  their 
*'  fault.      'Aj*     ftayeipos    a/jLaprdyot,    au\rirj]s  Trap'  rifjuu   rvirTerai. 
"  Athen.  lib.  9.     A  proverb  agreeing  to  the  drunken  feafts  of 
"  the  Greeks  :     If  the  cook  drefs  the  meat  ill,  the  mlnflrils 
"  are  beaten.     That  day  it  broke  forth,  that  the  largefl  part 
"  of   the   Lords    were   fermentated   with   an   anti-epifcopal 
"  fournefs.     If  they  had  loved  that  order,  they  would  never  j«Jq  j^^g 
"  have  doomed  them  to  a  prifon,  and  late  at  night.  In  bitter  ^f  Bifhops 
"  froft   and    fnow,    upon   no   other   charge,   but   that   they  among 
"  prefented  their  mind  in  a  moft  humble  paper  to  go  abroad  ^^  Lords. 
"  in  fafety.     Ubi  amor  condimentum  merit  quidvis  placiturum 
"  fpero,   Plaut.  in  Cafin.     Love  hath   a  moft  gentle  hand, 
"  when  it  comes  to  touch  where  it  loves.     Here  was  no  fign 
"  of  any  filial  refpeft  to  their  fpirltual  fathers.     Nothing  was 
"  ofFer'd  to  the  peers,  but  the  fubftance  was  reafon,  the  ftyle 
"  lowly,  the  praflice  ancient;  yet  upon  their  pleafure,  without 
*'  debate  of  the  caufe,  the  Bifhops  are  pack'd  away  the  fame 
"  night  to  keep  their  Chriftmas  in  durance  and  forrow  :  And 
"  when  this  was  blown  abroad,  O   how  the  Trunck-men  of 
"  the  Uproar  did  fleer,  and  make  merry  with  it !" 


102  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

''  Durham,")  to  the   cuftody   of  the   Black 

Rod.* 

And  fo  that  bitter  night  of  froft  and  fnow, 

the  30th  December  1641,  faw  the  two  Arch- 

L^ud  and  bifhops,   York    and   Canterbury,    whofe   un- 

within  the  fccmly  pcrfonal  confli(5ts  had  been  the  fcandal 

atTaftr^  ^  °^  ^^  town  for  years,  lodged  at  laft  together 

within  the  fame  prifon  walls.     Heretofore  it 

had  feemed  impoflible  but  that  the  downfal  of 

the  one  muft  involve  the  well-doing  of  the 

other.     During  Laud's  long  afcendancy,  and 

under  his  inceflant  perfecution,  Williams  had 

been  an  inmate  fucceflively  of  the  Gatehoufe, 

The  door  ^^  Fleet,  and  the  Tower ;  nor  could  the  doors 

perfecuted  of  the  grim  ftate  fortrefs  be  faid  to  have  fairly 

fe^uton'    opened  for  him  until  they  had  clofed  upon 

Laud  himfelf.     But  now,  after  brief  exulting 

triumph    over   his     ancient    adverfary,    thofe 

gates  are  open  for  him  again  ;    and  into  them 

re-enter   the    Bifhop   of   Lincoln,     elevated 

meanwhile  into  Archbifhop  of  York,  leading 

with  him  nine  other  Right  Reverend  prifoners. 

Who  could  wonder  that  the  wits  made  merry 

^rwil- ''  at  it  ?     They  devifed  a  pidure,  fays  Dr.  Peter 

liams  as  a  Hevlin,   in  which  my  Lord  of  York  was  re- 
Decoy 
Duck:      fembled  to  the  Decoy  Duck  (alluding  to  the 

*  And  fee  Harleian  yiSS.  163,  fF.  410  a — ^4i4b.  Atafubfe- 
^  quent  part  of  the  proceedings  in  the  Impeachment,  according 

!  to  D'Ewes,    '*  Mr.   H.   Bellafis   moved  that  the  Biftiops  of 

"  Lichfield  and  Durham  were  at  the  door.  Debate  if  they 
"  fhould  come  within  the  bar,  and  fit  on  chairs  or  ftools  by 
"reafon  of  their  great  age  :  but  refolved  that  they  come  in 
"  fingly  and  fpeak  at  the  bar." 


§  IX.     'The  Bijho-ps  Jent  to  the  Tower,  103 

Decoys  in  Lincolnfhire  where  he  had  been  A  witty 
bifhop),  reftored  to  liberty  on  defign  that  he*^°""**' 
might  bring  more  company  with  him  at  his 
coming  back  :  the  device  reprefenting  the  con- 
ceit, and  that  not  unhappily.  "  Certain  I  am," 
adds  the  ingenious  biographer  of  the  rival 
prelate,  "  that  our  Archbifhop,  in  the  midft 
•**  of  thofe  forrows,  feemed  much  pleafed  with  ^^"^^'^ 

'  _        *  enjoyment 

*'the  fancy,  whether  out  of  his  great  love  to  thereof : 
"  wit,  or  fome  other  felf-fatisfadion  which  he 
"  found  therein,  is  beyond  my  knowledge."* 
Poor  old  Laud !     One  need  not  grudge  him 
that  ray  of  mirth  which  was  probably  the  laft  J^5'"|^^P* 
that   glimmered    feebly    upon    him    between  gleam  of 
Strafford's  fcaffold  and  his  own.  "^^'■*''' 

It  may  well  be  fuppofed  that  D'Ewes,  ardent 
puritan  as  he  was,  underwent  no  great  anguifh 


*  Nor  is  this  the  only  caricature  of  Williams  which  Heylin  The  two 
with  infinite  un6tion  defcribes.     Relating  (^Life  of  Laud,  p.  Arch- 
461)   the  committal  of  the   Bifhops  to  the  Tower,  he  pro-  biftiops 
ceeds  :   "  Our  Archbifhop  had  now  more  neighbours  than  he  exchange 
"  defired,    but   not   more   company   than   before,    it    being  civilities 
"  prudently  ordered  amongft  themfelves,  that  none  of  them  in  the 
"  fhould  beftow  any  vifits  on  him,  for  fear  of  giving  fome  Tower, 
"advantage  to   their   common  enemy;    as  if  they  had  been 
"  hatching  fome  confpiracy  againlt  the  publick.     But  they 
"  refrained  not  on  either  fide  from  fending  meffages  of  love 
"  and  confolation  unto  one  another  j  thofe  mutual  civilities 
"  being  almoft  every  day  performed  betwixt  the  two  Arch- 
**  bifhops   alfo,    though   very   much  differing  both   in  their 
"  counfels  and  affeftions  in  the  times  foregoing.     The  Arch- 
"  bifliop  of  York,  was  now  fo  much  declined  in  favour,  that  Carica- 
"  he  flood   in  as  bad  termes  with  the  common  people  as  the  ture  of 
'*  other  did;  and  his  pifture  was  cut  in  brafs,  attired  in  his  Wil- 
"  epifcopal  robes,  with  his  fquare  cap  upon  his  head,  and  Hams  as 
"  bandileers  about  his  neck,  (houldering  a  mufket  upon  one  of  Church 
•'  his  fhoulders  in  one  hand,  and  a  reft  in  the  other."  Militant. 


I04  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

of  mind  at  the  ftroke  which  had  fallen  on  the 
D'Ewes  Bifhops.  Looking  in  at  the  Upper  Houfe 
Bifliops'  fhortly  after  to  hear  a  fentence  pronounced,  he 
uimed  ^^^  without  any  kind  of  emotion  that  the 
into  epifcopal  bench  had  been  turned  into  lumber. 

"  There  was  but  a  thin  Houfe  of  Lords,  and 
'*  on  the  right  fide  thereof  a  great  emptinefs  ; 
**  the  two  forms  on  which  the  Bifhops  ufed  to 
"  fit  being  thruft  up  clofe  againft  the  wall."* 
On   a   fubfequent   occafion,  however,  he  gives 
a  reafon  which    founds   rather    oddly    to    us 
now  for  regarding  with  equanimity  the  con- 
tinued incarceration  of  the  prelates.     "  The 
"  Speaker,"  he  fays  (in  his  Journal  of  the  21ft 
March,    1641-2),    **  delivered     in   a   petition 
Is  glad      "  from  the    12   Bifhops.     I  faid  I  was   glad 
longe"°call  **  to  fee  they  had  omitted  their  ftyle  of  Lord 
themielvescf  Bifhop ;    for  I   heard  from  fome  that  faw 
fhips:"      "  fome  of  them  in  the  Tower  but  laft  Saturday 
"  calling  to  one  another  by  the  title  of  Lord- 
"  Ihip,  whereas  by  the  fundamental  laws  and 
"  ancient  conftitution   of  the  kingdom,  their 
"  flyle  is,  *  Your  Paternity'  or  '  Fatherhood.' 
"  As  for  enlarging  them,  I  will  fay  nothing, 
and  «f  becaufe  I   think   they  follow  their  fundlion 

keep  them  *'.  o^  preaching   better   than    they   did    before 
where  they  ci  ^^^  came  in,  and  are  likewife  lodged  in  a 
"  good  air :    but  for  Durham  and  Lichfield, 
"I  defire  they  may    be    enlarged    for    their 
humble  fubmiflion.     They  are  lodged  in  a 
•  Journal  \  Harl.  MSS.  163,  f.  459  a. 


(( 


^  X.     Shadows  of  the  Coming  Event.  105 

"  clofe   air,    namely,    in    the   houfe    of    Mr.  "Clofe 
"  Maxwell,    ufher    of   the     black    rod,    near  cLring 
"  Charing  Crofs."*     D'Ewes  can  hardly  have  Crofs. 
meant  that  the  air  was  clofe  at  Charing  Crofs, 
but  rather,  we  may  prefume,  that  Mr.  Max- 
well's houfe  afforded,  for  the  clofe  keeping  of 
a  prifoner  of  ftate,  lefs  roomy  and  airy  as  well 
as    much    more   coftly    accommodation,    than 
might   be   found   in    the     buildings    of    the 
Tower,  f 

§  X.   Shadows  of  the  Coming  Event. 

Other  incidents,  more  exciting  even  than 
the  impeachment  of  the  whole  epifcopal  bench,  J^*^"^^  °^ 

i  _  ^  r        r  ■'  Commons, 

were  meanwhile  helping  to  rnake  more  memor-  Dec.  30th, 

able  this  laft  day  but  one  of  a  moft  eventful  ^  '*'^' 

year,  and  D'Ewes  enables  us  for  the  firft  time 

to  retrace  them.     "  The  Conference,"  he  fays, 

"  being  ended,  we  returned  to  the  Houfe,  moft  Members 

*'  men  expreffing  a  great  deal  of  alacrity  of  by  the 

"  fpirit  for  this  indifcreet  and  unadvifed  adl  of  ^°%°^ 


*  Harleian  MSS.  163,  f.  433  a. 

f  Biftiop  Hall  confirms  this  view,   telling  us   how  much 
fubfequent   reaibn   he  had  to  congratulate    himfelf  that  the 
courtefy  of  the  Black  Rod,  which  at  firft  he  had  much  defired, 
had  not  been  extended  to  himfelf.  "  Only  two  of  our  number  DJfadvan- 
"  had  the  favour  of  the  Black  Rod,  by  reafon  of  their  age  ;  j^g-gg  ^f 
**  which,  though  defired  by  a  noble  Lord  on  my  behalf"  (Hall  ^•^  Black 
was    in    his  68th  year)   "  would  not  be  yielded.     Wherein  j^^j 
"  I  acknowledge  and   blefs   the  gracious  providence  of  my 
"  God  :    for  had  I  been  gratified,  I  had  been  undone  both  in 
"  body  and  purfe  ;  the  rooms  being  ftrait,  and  the  expenfes 
"  beyond  the  r?ach  of  my  eftate."     fVorks,  i.  xlvi. 


io6  Arrefl  of  the  Five  Members. 

the  "  the   Bifhops."  *     It  was    fuch    alacrity  of 

fpirit  as  lighted  up  the  gloomy  features  of 
St.  John  when  he  felt  that  all  muft  be  worfe 
before  it  could  be  better.  But  it  was  quickly 
difpelled  in  the  prefent  cafe  by  the  unufual 
Members  gravity  and  ferioufnefs  with  which  Pym,  after 
alarmed     j-gport  made  of  the  Conference,  moved  unex- 

by  a  lug-         ^  ^ 

geftion  of  pededly  that  the  door  of  the  Houfe  might  be 
•^™  **  fhut,  and  that  none  might  go  out.  Others, 
carrying  further  the  fears  of  their  grave  leader, 
would  have  had  it  ordered  alfo  that  the  out- 
ward room  might  be  cleared,  and  that  none 
might  go  into  the  Committee  Chamber.     But 

Objeaion  at  this  Sir  Simonds  arofe.      "  Thinking  it,"  he 

made  by       -  n      •  r 

D'Ewes.  lays,  "too  great  a  reitramt,  upon  any  realon 
''  whatever,  I  moved  that  I  did  very  well  allow 
"  that  the  door  (hould  be  fhut,  but  to  reftrain 
"  our  going  into  the  Committee  Chamber 
"  there  was  no  need,  feeing  we  intended  to 
**  clear  the  outward  room,  where  there  would 
*'  be  none  left  but  the  officers  and  minifters  of 
"  the  Houfe,  whom  I  conceived  we  might 
*^  truft  to."  D'Ewes's  fuggeftion  was  admitted 
to  be  reafonable,  and  was  adopted  ;  but  the 
Speaker  made  a  point  at  the  fame  time  of 
defiring  that  nobody  who  went  into  the  faid 
Committee  Chamber  fhould  fpeak  to  anybody 

A  ftrange  gut  at  the  window,  or  throw  out  unto  them 

motion  .  .  ^  r.     i  i»    t^.t- 

expefted:  any  paper  writmg.  "1  expeded,  D  iLwes 
adds,  "  fome  ftrange  motion  upon  this  fecret 

*  Harleian  MSS.  162,  f.  294  b. 


§  X.     Shadows  of  the  Coming  Event.  107 

"  fecluding  and  clofe  reftraining  of  ourfelves  ;  which  fol- 
"  and  it  followed  accordingly."*  coTdingly. 

What  Pym  proceeded  to  fay  had  fomething 
in  it  beyond  that  mere  general  fenfe  of  danger, 
which,    from   his    knowledge    of  the  King's 
charafler,  he  muft  have  known  to  be  incident 
to  his  own  refufal  of  the  offer  that  had  been 
fo  recently  made  to  him.  His  remarks,  as  briefly 
reported  by  D'Ewes,  can  hardly  fail  to  be  re- 
garded as  evidence  of  fome  knowledge,  on  his 
part,  of  the  attempt  fo  foon  to  be  made.  He  is  Pym's 
miftaken   as   to   time,  the  danger  being  lefs 
immediate  ;  he  underftates  it  as  to  perfons,  the 
peril  ftretching  to  the  Houfe  generally  through 
individuals  firft  to  be  affailed  ;   but  in  defiring 
to  obtain  from  the  majority  a  prompt   and 
decifive  adlion  upon  their  claim  to  a  fufficient 
Guard  or  Protedion  to  be  chofen  by  themfelves, 
which  was  Hill  in  difpute  with  the  King,  he  The  reme- 
had,    while   necefTarily    perhaps    leaving    un-  aLger. 
revealed  the  entire  extent  of  the  danger  known 
to  him,  with  great  fagacity  at  once  addreffed 
himfelf  to  the  remedy  that  alone  could  fully 
meet  the  danger,  whatever  it  might  be.     His 
objed:  was   to  induce  the  Houfe  to  invite  a 
Guard  of  Citizens  to  their  protedion  without  Necefllty 
another  day's  delay  ;    but  he  fpoke  evidently  mediate 
under  fome  reftraint,  and  the  reception  given  Guard. 
to  what  he  faid  would  feem  to  indicate  that  he 
had  taken  but  few  into  his  confidence  as  to 

*  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  295  a. 


io8  Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

the  particulars  which  rendered  him  fo  urgent. 

The  Altogether,  indeed,  it  is  evident  enough  that, 

truth^not    through   the  interval  which    had  yet  to  pafs 

told.         before  the  King's  attempt  was  made,  Pym  was 

driven    to  concealments    and  half-confidences 

which    circumftances    rendered    unavoidable  ; 

and  there  is  little  reafon   to  doubt  that  from 

thofe  who  had  fecretly  opened  with  him  the 

negotiations  for  that  acceptance  of  office  which 

Report  of  would  have  been  his  ruin,    he  had   derived, 

s  eech  b   ^^^^^"    the    fame   feal    of  fecrecy,    knowledge 

D'Ewes.    which  proved  diredlly  inilrumental  to  his  fafety 

and  that  of  his  friends. 

The  precife  words  of  D'Ewes  are  thefe: 
"  Mr.  Pym  moved  that  there  being  a  defign 
"  to  be  executed  this  day  upon  the  Houfe  of 

A  defign  _,  •    i      r       i  •     n         i  i         • 

to  be  Commons,  we  might  lend  mltantly  to  the  city 

executed:  tc  q^  London.  That  there  was  a  plot  for  the 
A  plot  "  deftroying  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons  this 
for  de-  <«  ciay.  That  we  fhould  therefore  defire  them 
the  Houfe  "  to  come  down  with  the  Train  Bands  for  our 
of  Com-    cc  afTiftance."     At  which  D'Ewes  confefTes  he 

mons. 

was  very  much  troubled,  becaufe  he  feared  that 

the  remedy  propofed  would  be  as  dangerous 

as  the  pretended  defign.    "Some  few,"  he  adds, 

*'  feconded  Mr.  Pym's  motion,  but  more  op- 

"  pofed  it;  and  fome  wilhed  that  we   might 

Adjourn-  "  adjourn   ourfelves  to  Guildhall."      D'Ewes 

Guildhall  flp^^^  °"^  ^^"^^  quefliion,   remarking,   in  oppo- 

propofed.  fition    to    Pym,  that    if  all    the  grounds    of 

fufpicion  were  that  fome   officers  of  the  late 


§»  X.     Shadows  of  the  Coming  Event.  109 

army  had  been  caroufing  at  Whitehall  the  pre- 
vious day,  or  that  the  King  had  drawn  together 
a  Guard,  he  did  not  think  thefe  fufficient  to  D'Ewes 
juftify  departure  to  the  city.     He  added  a  fug-  departure 
geftion  oddly  charadleriftic  of  himfelf,  that  if  to  City, 
Mr.    Pym  had  more  certain  grounds  for   the 
caufes  of  fear  alleged,  he   knew    of  no  fuch 
prefent    preventive    than    that    "we   fhould 
"  adjourn    ourfelves    till    three  of  the  clock, 
"  that  fo  we  may  not  be  taken  altogether."*  "Let us 
As  for  the  proceeding  into  the  city,  he  quoted  t^ken 
a  faying  of  the  Recorder,  that  the  citizens  are  together." 
not  all  the  fons  of  one  mother,  nor  of  one 
mind ;   and    it  was  not  well  that  the   Houfe 
fhould  place  abfolute  faith  even    in  London 
citizens.     The  words  which  clofed  his  fpeech 
are  all  of  it  that  he  has  further  left  on  record. 
He  wilhed  to  learn  what  the   defign  was  to  The 
which  Mr.  Pym  had  alluded,  and  whether  it  neaf  or 
were  near  or  diftant.  diftant? 

Pym  made  no  reply  to  this  appeal,  and  the 
refult  of  the  day's  debate  is  not  known.  But 
it  is  probable,  from  what  occurred  next  day, 
that  the  middle  courfe  was  adopted  of  a  renewed 
appeal  to  the  King. 

On  Friday  the  ■?  i  ft  December,  Denzil  Hollis  Friday, 

.  .  lift  Dec 

delivered  verbally  to  Charles  the  Firft,  in  the  ,5^1. 
name  of  the   Commons   of   England,    their 
earneft  defire  for  a  Guard   out  of   the  City  „        , 

'    Demand 

under  command  of  the  Earl  of  Eflex.     The  for  Guard 

•  Harleian  MSS.  162,  f  295  b  . 


no 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


under 
Lord 

Effex: 


No  reply. 


Halberts 
mean- 
while 
provided, 


Com- 
mittee to 
receive 
reply. 


Saturday 
ift  Jan. 
1641 — 2. 


King,  whofe  objedt  now  was  to  gain  time 
however  brief,  declined  to  receive  this  verbal 
meflage,  and  required  it  in  writing.  It  was 
immediately  drawn  up  and  prefented  the  fame 
day ;  and  we  learn  that  the  Commons,  receiving 
no  immediate  anfwer,  committed  it  to  three  of 
their  members,  Pye,  Glynn,  and  Wheeler, 
juftices  of  peace  for  Weftminfter,  to  fet,  in  con- 
venient places  for  the  fafeguard  of  the  Houfe, 
good  watches  fufficiently  armed.  They  further 
ordered  that  Halberts  fhould  be  provided,  and 
brought  into  the  Houfe,  for  their  own  better 
fecurity  ;  which  was  done  accordingly  to  the 
number  of  twenty,  "and  the  faid  Halberts 
"  ftood  in  the  Houfe  for  a  confiderable  time 
**  afterwards."  Reludlantly  was  confent  then 
given*  to  adjournment  over  even  the  old  re- 
cognifed  holiday  of  New  Year's  Day,  and  not 
without  the  naming  of  a  Committee  to  receive 
the  King's  anfwer  if  it  fhould  meanwhile  be 
vouchfafed. 

That  anfwer,  however,  the  King  had  refolved 
to  accompany  by  another  document  that 
Ihould  be  the  moft  charaderiftic  comment  it 
was  capable  of  receiving,  and  both  were 
withheld  until  the  morning  of  the  following 
Monday.  For  the  intervening  Saturday  he 
had  other  engagements. f     On   that  day,  the 


*  After  a  remarkable  speech  by  Pym  at  conference  with 
the  Lords:    see  Pari.  Hiji.  Ed.  1762,  x.  151-5. 
Dates  of         f  The   Council  Regifter  fupplies   important   dates.       On 
the  ift  Januaiy  1 64.1-2,  the  fubjoined  entry  appears. 


^  X.     Shadows  of  the  Coming  Event.  i  ii 

firft  of  the  ill-omened  year  when  his  ftandard  A  Coun- 
was  finally  unfurled  againft  the  moft  earneft  whhe- 
and  confcientious  of  his  fubjedls,  he  fat  with  hall. 
his   minifters   in   Whitehall  ;    and,  the    great 
Leader  of  the  Long  Parliament  having  refufed 
his  proffered  bribe,  thofe  two  members  of  the 
Long  Parliament  who  at  its  opening  had  with 
the  greateft  vehemence  denounced  the  crimes  Falkland 
of   his   mifgovernment   took   places    at    the  ^"^  ^"^" 

o  -T  ^    peper 

Board.      Lord    Falkland   was    fworn    of    his  fwom  into 
Majefty's  moft  honorable  Privy  Council,  and  offices, 
feven  days  later  received  the  feals  of  a  Secretary 
of  State ;     and   Sir    John    Culpeper   having 
been    alfo    duly    fworn,   order  was    given  for 
preparation  of  his  patent  as  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer.      It  was  made  out    "  for  life  :  " 
the  King  vainly  hoping  by  fuch  unconftitutional 
expedients  to  bar  the  power  of  the  Commons  Confe- 
to  efFe6t  a  removal  of  his  Councillors.  Whether  ^^J""^ 
or  not  Culpeper  and  Falkland  had  cognizance  refponfi- 
of  the  firft  official  adt  that  was  to  follow  their 


"  This  day  Lucius  Vifcount  Falkland  was  fworne  of  his  new 
♦*  Ma"  Moft  Hon'''«  Privy  Counfell,  by  his  Ma"  Command  appoint- 
"  fitting  in   Counfell,  tooke  his  place  and  figned  with  the  ments. 
"  other  Lords." 

A  fimilar  entry  of  the  fame  date  has  relation  to  Culpeper,  Culpeper 
and  order  is  given  for  his  admilFion  "into  the  place  of  his  Chancel- 
"  Ma'"  Under  Treafurer  and  Chancellor  of  his  Excheq' : "  lor  of  Ex- 
but  the  patent  fecuring  him  the  office  for  life  (he  held  it  for  chequer, 
little  more  than  a  year,  it  being  then  given  to  Hyde)  is  not 
dated  until  the  6th  of  January.     Two  days  later  we  have  the 
following  entry : 

"This  day,  his  Ma''*  prefent  in  Counfell,  and  by  his  Royall  Falkland 
"  Command,  the  Lord  Vifc'  Falkland  was  fworne  one  of  his  Secretary 
"  Ma"  Princlpall  Secretaries  of  State."  of  State. 


112 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


incident 
to  Office 
at  fuch  a 
time. 


Monday 
3rd  Jan. 
1641-2. 

King's 
meflage  to 
Commons 
refufing 
Guard. 


Attorney- 
General 
delivers 
impeach- 
ment to 
the  Lords. 


Intro- 
duced by 
Lord- 
Keeper 
Littleton. 


acceptance  of  office,  it  cannot  be  doubted  that 
they  accepted  it  at  too  critical  a  time,  and  amid 
public  excitements  and  difTenfions  of  too  high 
and  dangerous  a  nature,  not  to  imply  alfo  a 
deliberate  and  fettled  acceptance  of  all  the  con- 
fequences  it  might  carry  with  it. 

§  XL     The  Impeachment  before  the 
Lords. 

The  day  had  at  length  arrived  when  the 
danger  fo  long  believed  to  be  impending 
was  to  take  definite  fhape.  Early  in  the 
morning  of  Monday  the  3rd  of  January, 
while  the  Lower  Houfe  were  moodily  listening 
to  the  King's  meflage  refufing  them  the 
military  Guard  they  had  aflced  for  under' 
Eflex's  command,  but  promifing,  with  what 
muft  have  founded  as  contemptuous  irony, 
to  be  himfelf  their  protedor,  Mr.  Attorney- 
General  Herbert,  who  was  no  longer  a  member 
of  the  Commons  .but  had  taken  his  feat  with 
the  Lords  under  his  writ  of  fummons  as 
Afliftant,  was  delivering  at  the  clerk's  table 
of  the  Upper  Houfe  the  fubfl:ance  of  another 
Royal  Meflage,  accufing  of  high  treafon  five 
members  of  the  Commons  and  one  of  the 
Lords.  Every  circumfliance  of  mere  form 
was  obferved  in  the  accufation ;  and  Mr. 
Attorney  had  not  left  his  feat  on  the  Judges* 
woolfack  until  Lord-Keeper  Littleton,  as  the 
mouthpiece  of  the  King,  had  duly  referred  to 


§  XI.     The  Impeachment  before  the  Lords.  113 

the  public  bufinefs  which  his  officer  was  there 
to  difcharge.  It  is  not  unimportant  to  obferve 
this,  feeing  that  both  thefe  dignitaries  of  State 
fought  afterwards  to  put  off  from  themfelves 
upon  the  Sovereign  the  refponflbility  which  the 
a6t  had  made  their  own. 

The    articles    of    treafon    were    feven    in  TheSeven 
number,  and  were  read  from  a  paper  which  Articles  of 

^  *    i^  1  realon. 

Sir  Edward  Herbert  afterwards,  in  defending 
himfelf,  faid  that  he  had  received  directly  from 
the  King.  Whether  the  formal  and  ftridlly 
legal  wording  and  expreflion  of  the  articles 
had  been  received  alfo  diredlly  from  the  King, 
he  omitted  to  fay.  The  firft  article  charged  i. 
the  accufed  generally  with  the  attempt  to  fub-  general 

<=>  J  ir  charge. 

vert  the  Government  and  fundamental  laws, 
and  to  place  in  fubje(5ls  an  arbitrary  and  tyran- 
nical power.     The  fecond,  aimed  againft  their       li. 
authorfhip  of  the  Remonftrance,  attributed  to  ^"^^q^" 
them  the  traitorous  endeavour,  by  many  foul  Remon- 
afperfions  upon  his  Majefty  and  his  Govern- 
ment, to  alienate  the  afFedions  of  the  people, 
and  to  make   his   Majefty  odious   to    them. 
The   third   charged    them   with    having    en-       iii. 
deavoured  to  draw  the  King's  late  army  to  jng'^^ji 
fide   with  them   in   their   traitorous   defigns.  the  army. 
The  fourth,  direded  againft  alleged  communi-      iv. 
cations  with  the  Scottifh  Rebels,  imputed  to  ^jons 
them  the  traitorous  invitation  and  encouraere-  t°  ^^f 

.  .  1       1   •      Ti  /r    •    /I     >     Scotch, 

ment  to  a  foreign  power  to  mvade  his  Majeity  s 
kingdom  of  England.     The  fifth,   adopting 


JI4 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 


V. 

Punifh- 
ment  of 
Proteft- 
ing  Mi- 
nority. 


VI. 

Raifing 
tumults. 


vn. 
Levying 
war. 


the  language  of  the  Minority  of  the  Commons 
when  the  demand  to  record  a  proteft  agalnft 
the  pafling  of  the  Remonftrance  was  refufed, 
accufed  them  of  having  traitoroufly  en- 
deavoured to  fubvert  the  rights  and  very 
being  of  parHaments.  The  fixth  accufed  them 
of  having  adlually  raifed  and  countenanced  tu- 
mults againft  his  Majefty.  And  by  the  feventh, 
having  reference  to  the  armed  Guard  which 
they  had  perfifted  in  voting  for  protedion  of 
the  Houfe,  they  were  faid  to  have  traitoroufly 
confpired  to  levy,  and  adlually  to  have  levied, 
war  againft  the  King.  A  manufcript  copy 
of  the  charge,  endorfed  in  the  handwriting  of 
Secretary  Nicholas  as  "  articles  of  treafon 
"  againft  Mr.  Pym  and  the  reft,"  exifts  in 
the  State  Paper  Office,  and  is  printed  below.* 


JVIS.  *  "  Articles  of  High  Treafon  and  other  high  mifdemeanors 

Articlesof  "  ag'the  Lord  Kemolton,  Mr.  John  Pym,  Mr.  John  Hampden, 
Treafon  in  "  M""-   Denzil   Hollis,   Sir  Arth'  Haflericke,  and  Mr.  Will" 


State 

Paper 

Office. 


"  Strode. 


That  they  have  traytoroufly  endeav"*  to  fubvert  the  funda- 

mentall  Lawes  and  Gov'"  of  the  Kingdome  of  England, 

to    deprive    y''   king  of  his  royale   power,  &  to  place 

in  fubjefts  an  arbitrary  &  tyrannicall  power  over  the 

lives,  libertyes,  &  eftates  of  his  Maj"  lovinge  people. 

That  they  have  traytoroufly  endeav''  by  many  fowle  afpcr- 

fions  upon   his   Ma"*^  &   his   Govern',    to  alienate   the 

afFeftions  of  his  people,  &  to  make  his  Ma''"  odious  unto 

them. 

That  they  have  endeav^  to  drawe  his  Ma''  late  armye  to 

difobedience  to  his    Ma""''   coiiSands,    &  to   fyde   with 

them  in  their  traytorous  defignes. 

That  they    have  traytoroufly  invited  and  incouraged  a 

forreigne    power   to    invade    his    Ma"""    kingdome    of 

England. 

That  they  have  traytoroufly  endeav''  to  fubvert  the  rights 

&  very  being  of  Parlam'*. 


§  XI.     The  Impeachment  before  the  Lords.  1 1 5 

While  the  articles  were  publicly  read,  the  Agitation 
trouble  and  agitation  were  extreme.      Their  ^"df  *  ' 
Lordfhips,  to  ufe  the  expreflion  of  Clarendon, 
were  " appalled."    He  is  hardly  juftified,  how- 
ever, when  he  fomewhat  fpitefully  adds  that 
they  took  time  till  the  next  day  to  confider  of 
it,  that  they  might  fee  how   their  Matters  the  imme- 
Commons  would  behave  themfelves.     Waiving  ^^^^^ 
altogether  the  King's  requirement  through  his  taken. 
Attorney-General  for  immediate  pofleflion  of 
the  perfons  of  the  accufed,  and  for  a  committee 
to  take  evidence  on  the  charges,  the  Lords  at 
once  raifed  the  queftion  of  the  regularity  of  the 
accufation   itfelf,  and   referred  it  to  a  certain  King's 
number  of  their  members  to  produce  prece-  '^""^"'^ 
dents  and  records.     They  fent  an  immediate 
meflage  to  the  other  Houfe  and  named  mem- 
bers for  a  Conference.     On  the  previous  day, 
as  on  a  day  preceding,  they  had  declined  the 
urgent  inftance  of  the  Commons  to  join  with 
them  in  demanding  a  Guard  under  an  officer  of 
their  own   feledlion ;    but  now  they  intimated  Agree- 

,.  ^•       r  •••1  J  J*  ment  with 

their  readmels  to  jom  m  that  aemand.*  Commons. 

*'  6.  That  for  the  compleating  of  their  traytorousdefigns,  they 

have  endeav**  as  farr  as  in  them  lay  by  force  &  terror  to 

compell  the  Parlam'  to  joyne  with  them  in  theire  tray- 

torous   Defigns,   and  to  that  end  have  aftually  rayfed  & 

countenanced  tumults  ag'  y"=  King  and  Parlam', 

"  7.  That  they  have  traytoroufly  confpired  to  levie  &  aftually 

have  levyed  warr  ag'  the  King. 

*  The  petition  of  both   Houfes  was  tranfmitted  on   the 

evening  of  the  3rd,  but  the  reply,  fufpended  by  the  exciting 

events  which  immediately  followed,  was  not  handed  in  until 

after  the  King  had   left  London  never  to  return,  and    the 

Houfes  had  provided  their  own  Guards.      The  original  MS. 


1 1 6  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

The  feeling  difplayed  was  altogether  fuch. 
Lord  indeed,  that  though  the  peer  included  in  the 
Kimbol-    articles   of    impeachment.    Lord    Kimbolton, 

ton  repels  ^ 

the  was  not  only  prefent,   but   upon    the    inftant 

c  arge.  ^j-ofe,  repelled  the  charge,  and  challenged 
public  enquiry  into  it,  no  one  was  fo  hardy 
as  to  prefs  for  his  commitment.  The  perfon 
fitting  next  to  Kimbolton  while  the  Attorney- 
General  read  the  articles,  was  Lord  Digby, 
Lord  who  alone,  according  to  Clarendon,  knew  of 
filent^  the  King's  intention,  and  had  promifed  to 
move  the  commitment  (after  the  precedent  in 
the  cafe  of  Strafford)  as  foon  as  the  accufation 


Charles's     °^  *^"^   reply  ftlll  exifts    in    the  State    Paper    Office,  dated 

j-       ,       the  3rd,  and  wholly  in  the  handwriting  of  the  King.    It  fhows 

•  •  what  his  determination  had  been  to  fight  out  the  matter  to 

ftirC   a  A    ^^  '^^'  ^^^  ^^  fecret  reliance  he  ftill  placed,  notwithftanding 

the  Citizen  aflemblages  and  tumults  at  Weftminfter,  on  the 

power  of  the  Lord  Mayor  within  the  City  to  promote  and 

lupport  his  fervice.     It  is  endorfed  "  Anfwer  for  a  Guard," 

and  runs  thus : 

Not  Lord        "  We  having  confidered  the  Petition  of  bothe  houfes  of 

EfTex,  but  "  Parlament  concerning  a  Guard,  doe  give  this  anfwer;  that 

Lord  *'  we  will  (to  fecure  there  feares)   comand  the  L.  Mayor  of 

Lindsay  :    "  London  to  apoint  200  men  out  of  the  Trained  Bands  of  the 

"  Citie  (fuch  as  he  will  be  anfwerable  for  to  us)  to  wait  on 

"  the  Houfes  of    Par:  that  is  to  fay,    a   Hundred  on  each 

"  Houfe,  &  to  bee  comanded  by  the  E:  of  Lindfay  :  it  being 

"  moft  proper  to  him,  as  being  L:  Great  Chamberlaine;  who 

"  by   his  place    hath    a   particular  charg:    of  y"   Houfes  of 

"  Parliam',  and  of  whofe  integritie,  courage,  &  fufficiencie, 

"  none  can  dout." 

The  moft        '^^^  amount  of  fincerity  involved  in  this  propofal  may  be 

devoted  of  meafured  by  the  faft,  that  the  Hereditary  Great  Chamberlain, 

Royal         being  its  author's  moft  devoted  adherent,  was  the  man  who 

partizai.s.    "^^'thin  two  or  three  weeks  after  figning  the  celebrated  Belief  that 

Charles  had  no  intention  to  declare  war  againft  his  fubjefts, 

a6tually  took   command  of  the  troops  levied  for  that  purpofe, 

and   immediately  after  fell  bravely  fighting  for  his  mafter  as 

Commander-in-chief  of  the  Royalift  forces  at  Edgehill. 


§  XI.     'The  Impeachment  before  the  Lords,  117 

fhould  be  made.*     Whether  the  warning  fent 
this  day  by  Marftonf  had  already  reached  Lord 
Kimbolton,  we  have  no  means  of  knowing; 
but  it  feems  probable  that  it  had,  and  that  his  Failure  in 
prepared  and  refolute  afpedt  took  Digby  by  fur-  or"good 
prife.     It    is  quite    clear,   from  a  fubfequent  faith : 
paflage  in  Clarendon's  Hiftory,  that  the  author 
believed  his  friend    to    have  failed   either  in 
courage  or  good  faith. l}l     Not  to  have  moved 
at  once  the  commitment  "  as  foon  as  the  At- 
"  torney-General  had  accufed  Kimbolton,"  he 
made  a  diftindt  charge  againft  Digby,  on  the  ciaren- 
ground  that  if  he  had  done  fo,  he  would  pro-  charge 
bably  "  have  raifed  a  very  hot  difpute  in  the  againft 
"  Houfe,  where  many  would  have  joined  with 
"  him."     I  do  not  think  it  unjuft  to  Lord 
Clarendon  to  fay,  that  we  may  infer  from  this 
pafTage  what  his  own  feeling  was.  Yet  between 
the  proceeding   by  Attorney,  and  the  King's 
perfonal  interference,   the  difference  was    not 
very  great. 

For  the  moment,  there'  is  little  doubt,  even  Digby 
Digby's  recklefs  audacity  would  appear  to  have  ^^^^^^k  • 
failed  him.  Seeing  the  temper  of  the  Houfe, 
he  not  only  fat  filent,  but  afFed:ed  the  utmoft 
furprife  and  perplexity  as  Mr.  Attorney  pro- 
ceeded ;  and  at  the  clofe,  whifpering  in  Lord 
Kimbolton's  ear  with  great  feeming  agitation 
that  the  King  was  very  mifchievoufly  advifed, 

*  Clarendon,  Hi/I.  ii.  125.  f  See  ante,  86-88. 

I  Hijl.  ii.  128. 


1 1 8  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

and  fud-    that  it  fhould  go  hard  but  he  would  difcover 
?he  Houfe!  ^^^  advifer,   and  that  he  would  at  once  go  to 

him  to   prevent  further  mifchief,  he   rapidly 

quitted  the  Houfe.* 

%  XII.     The    Impeachment    before    the 
Commons. 

p'Ewes         D'EwES  meanwhile  was  bufy  in  the  Lower 
lower       Houfe  with  his  pen  and  ink,  in  his  ufual  place 
Ht  fe,      i^y  fj^g  Speaker's  chair,   "  on   the  lowermoft 
"  form  clofe  by  the  fouth  end  of  the  clerk's 
"  table ;  "  but  his  pen  moved  lefs  regularly 
than  was  its  wont,  and  there  is  fcarcely  a  fingle 
fentence  in  this  particular  day's  entry  that  is 
not  left    half-finifhed.       As    he   entered  the 
Houfe  he  had  obferved  groups  and  crowds  of 
officers  and  others  fcattered  about  here  and 
there,  in  the  lobbies  and  outfide  paffages,  in  a 
manner  not  ufual ;  but  he  took  his  feat  with- 
out fufpicion  of  what  was  paffing  in  the  Lords, 
Pym         and  found  Pym  fpeaking  to  the  Anfwer  made 
toThe"^    by  his  Majefty  to  the  defire  of  the  Houfe  for 
King's      a  Guard  of  their  own  choolins;,  and  making  re- 

refufal  of  .      .  . 

a  Guard,   port  as  to  thofe  very  incidents,  of  a  threatening 
and  unufual  kind,  which  had  attracted  his  own 
attention  outiide.      Soon  the  agitation  prevail- 
ing communicated  itfelf  to  the  learned  member 
D'Ewes's  for  Sudbury,   and  we  can  but  follow  in  un- 
and  un-     finifhcd    and    fomewhat   incoherent  lines  the 
finiOied      courfe  of  the  fpeech,  at    the  clofe  of  which 

reports. 

*  Clarendon,  Hiji,  ii.  p.  128. 


§  XII.     The  Impeachment  before  the  Commons.  1 19 

Pym  moved  and  carried  a  fuggeftion  by  way  ofsuggef- 
requeft  to  the  authorities  of  the  City,  that  they  a  city '^ 
would  permit  companies  of  trained  bands  to  Guard, 
attend  as  a  Guard  upon  the  Houfes  at  Weft- 
minfter,  and  that  they  would  fet  ftrong  defences 
and  watches  about  the  City  ftreets  and  walls. 

One  or  two  of  the  fentences  ftill  traceable  in 
D'Ewes's  note-book  may  fhow  the  tone  Pym 
fpoke  in.     *«  The  Great  Counfel  of  the  King-  Frag-  ^^ 
'  dom  fhould  fit  as  a  free  Counfel  .   .   .  No  pym's'"' 
'  force  about  them  without  confent  .  .  .  Not  Speech. 
'  only  a  Guard  of  foldiers  but  many  Officers 
'  in    Whitehall  .    .   .  Divers    defperate    and 

*  loofe  perfons  are  lifted  and  combined  together 
'  under  pretext  to]  do  his  Majefty  fervice. 
"...  One  Mr.  Buckle  had  faid  the  Earl  of 

*  Strafford's  death  muft  be  avenged,  and  the 
'  houfe  of  Commons  were  a  company  of  giddy- 
'  brained  fellows."  After  Pym  ceafed,  Natha- 
niel Fiennes  brought  forward,  by  way  of 
report,  fome  other  fads  exhibiting  the  difloyal 
condud  of  the  Digbys  to  the  Houfe ;  but  his 
relation  was  brought  fuddenly  to  a  clofe.     Pym 

and  Denzil  Hollis  were  called  to  the  door  upon  Pym  and 
urgent  mefTages  by  their  fervants,and  members,  informed 
in  much  excitement,  began  talking  to  each  other  of  outrage 
at  the  fame  moment  of  what  was  pafTmg  in  the  homes : 
Lords.     Then  Pym  returned  to  his  place,  and 
Nathaniel  Fiennes  clofed  his  report. 

**  Mr.  Fiennes's  relation  was  fcarce  made," 
fays  D'Ewes,  "  when  the  whole  Houfe,  at  leaji 


I20  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

Theirs  <*  the  moft  of  us^  werc  much  amazed  with 
Hamp-  "  Mr.  Pym's  information,  who  fhowed  that 
den's         cc  j^jg  trunks,  ftudv,   and    chamber,   and  alfo 

papers  i      r       r 

I'eized  by    "  thofe  of  Mr.  Dcnzu  Hollis,  and  Mr.  Hamp- 
walSnt-    "  ^^"'    yNZXQ,   fealcd  up    by    fome  fent   from 
"  his  Majefty."     This   the  Houfe  proceeded 
to  declare  a  grave  breach  of  privilege  ;   and  it 
was  further  ordered,  without  debate,  and  with 
wife   and  well-timed  reference  to  the  folemn 
Declared   ProtcftatioH  which  every  member  had  figned 
priv^kge?  o"'  ^^  ^^^  ^^  StrafFord's  execution  in  behalf  of 
the  rights  of  Parliament,  that  if  any  perfon 
whatfoever,  without  firft  acquainting  the  Houfe 
therewith  and  receiving  from  it  due  and  necef- 
fary  inftrudlion,  jfhould  offer  to  arreft  or  detain 
the  perfon  of  any  member,  it  was  lawful  for 
fuch  member  to  ftand  upon  his  guard  of  de- 
fence, and  to  make  refiftance  according  to  the 
Proteftation  taken  to  defend  the  privileges  of 
Refiftance  Parliament.     D'Ewes  adds,  that "  though  pri- 
■'"  '  ^  *     "  vate  intimation  was  now  given  to  us  that  the 
"  King's  Attorney  had  in  his  Majefty's  name 
"  in  the  Lords'  Houfe  accufed  the  faid  mem- 
"  bers,  and  fome  others  of  our  Houfe  of  high 
*^  treafon,  yet  we   accounted   it   a  breach  of 
*^  privilege  that  their  papers,  &c.   fhould  be 
Refoliitlon  *^  fealcd  up  before  their  crime  was  made  known 
Se  of  "to  this  Houfe.-;* 

private  A  breach  of  privilege  had  indeed  been  com- 

mitted.    Fifty  voices  arofe  with  that  of  the 

*  HarUian  MSS,,  162,  fF.  300  b,  302  a. 


§  XII.     The  Impeachment  before  the  Commons.         121 

learned    mafter    of    precedents    at    once    to  violation 
declare   it  fo.      It  was    not  fimply  that   the^f^J^^,^ 
privileges  of  Parliament  had  been  outraged  in  privilege, 
the  form  and  manner  of  the  proceeding,  but 
that  the  moft  ordinary  fafeguards   of  law,  to 
which  the  meaneft  citizen  had  to  look  for  his 
daily    and  hourly   protedion,  had  been  deli- 
berately violated  and   put   aiide.      The  new 
Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  Culpeper,  was 
prefent ;  and  with  Lord   Falkland,  the  new  The  new 
Privy  Councillor,  occupied  for  the  firft  time  Juent/'^* 
the  official  feats  on  the  right  of  the  Speaker's 
chair  :  but  not  a  word  againft  the  refolution 
now  moved  was  uttered  by  either.     Hyde  was 
not  in  the  Houfe,   and  it  will  appear  hereafter 
to  be  a  fa6t  of  fome  fignificance  that  no  proof  Hyde 
is  difcoverable  of  his   prefence  during  any  of  ^^^^"^" 
thefe  debates. 

The  declaration  of  breach  of  privilege,  and  the  No  oppo- 
order  for  refiftance,  having  pafled  by  acclamation,  attempted 
a  Committee  of  conference  was  appointed  to 
carry  them  to  the  Lords ;  the  managers  named 
being  Glyn,  the  member  for  Weftminfter  and 
one  of  the  leading  lawyers  on  the  popular  fide, 
Nathaniel  Fiennes,  and   Sir  Philip  Stapleton. 
Thefe    had    anfwered    to   their    names,    and 
were  about  to  proceed  to  the  Lords,  when 
it  was  announced  that    Mr.  Francis,  King's  The  ^ 
Serjeant-at-Arms,    was    at    the    door    of   the  Serjeant  at 
Commons,  having  the  mace  in  his  hand,  and  *,^^  i""^*^ 

■,        .  ' .  the  Houle: 

bearing  command  to  deliver  from  his  Majefty 


122  Jrrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

a  meflkge  to  Mr.  Speaker.     But,  even  in  that 
hour   of  fupreme  excitement,  the   leaders   of 
the  Houfe  forgot   nothing   that  was   due   to 
its   power  and  pre-eminence  within   its   own 
walls.      Mr.   Francis  was    not   permitted    to 
enter  until  he  had  laid  afide  his  mace.    Divefted 
Enters,      of  that  fymbol  of  authority  he  advanced  to  the 
his  mace.  Bar,  and  amid  profound  filence  faid  that  he 
had  been  commanded  by  the  King's  Majefty, 
his  matter,  upon  his  allegiance  that  he  fhould 
repair   to    the    Houfe   of    Commons    where 
Mr.  Speaker   was,    and   there  to    require  of 
Mr.  Speaker    five    gentlemen,    members     of 
the  Houfe  of  Commons ;  and   thofe  gentle- 
Demands  men    being    delivered,    he   was    commanded 
Accufed.   to    arreft    them   in   his    Majefty's    name    of 
High  Treafon.     "  Their  names,"  he  added, 
"  are   Denzil    Hollis,  Sir    Arthur    Haflerig, 
'^  John  Pym,  John  Hampden,  and  William 
"  Strode." 
NoDe-  No  debate  followed.     The  temper  of  the 

Houfe  had  been  too  decidedly  fhown  to  render 
fafe  any  attempt  to  contravene  it ;  and  a  fort 
of  fettled  and  ftern  compofure,  contracting 
ftrangely  with  the  agitation  that  prevailed 
while  yet  the  threatened  blow  had  not  fallen, 
appears  in  all  the  proceedings  that  immediately 
followed.  The  full  knowledge  of  the  worft, 
Compo-  or  what  too  haftily  was  taken  for  the  worft, 
^J^^^°J*^^  brought  with  it  all  that  upon  the  inftant 
became    neceflary   to  fecure — what   now  was 


§  XII.      The  Impeachment  before  the  Commons.  123 

diredly  in  peril — even  the  very  exiftence   of 

Parliament  and  parliamentary  power. 

Mr.  Francis  was   diredled  to  wait  outfide  The  Ser- 

the    door  until    the    pleafure   of  the   Houfe  ^j^^^j."^°'j 

fliould  be  communicated  to  him.     A  meflage  wait  out- 

/"J 

to  the  King  was  then  ordered,  not  to  be  carried 
by  Mr.  Francis,  but  by  four  of  their  own  mem- 
bers, of  whom  two,  being  his  Majefty's  Privy 
Councillors,     might    haply   ferve    to    remind 
him,  that,  even  from  his  chofen  and  feleded 
Minifters,  an  allegiance  was  due  within  thofe 
walls   from  which    no    power  or   prerogative 
claiming  above  the  law  could  abfolve  them. 
As  the  fworn  fervants,  not  of  the  King,  but  of  Deputa- 
the  Commons  of  England,  Culpeper  and  Faulk-  carry  mef- 
land  were  required   to   accompany    Sir    John  ^?^  ^°  *^^ 
Hotham  and  Sir  Philip  Stapleton,  when  the 
clofe  of  the  conference  with  the  Lords  fhould 
have  releafed  Sir  Philip.     They  were  to  inform 
the  King  that   his  meflage,  being  matter  of 
great  confequence,  and  concerning  the  privilege 
of  all  the  Commons  of    England,  would  be 
taken  into  ferious  confideration  by  the  Houfe, 
which  in  all  humility  and  duty  would  attend  the  ac- 
his  Majefty  with  an  anfwer  with  as  much  fpeed  anfweiTny 
as  the  greatnefs  of  the  bufinefs  would  permit,  ^^gal 
and  that    the  faid    accufed   members  in    the 
meantime  fhould  be  ready  to  anfwer  any  legal 
charge  made  againft  them. 

The  five  members  were  then  feparately  ad- 
drefled  by  Mr.  Speaker,  who  enjoined  them,  one 


1 24  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

The  Five  by  One,  to  attend  de  die  in  diem  in  that  Houfe 
ordered  to  "^^^11  further  diredlion,  fuch  attendance  to  be 
attend  fpecially  entered  upon  the  Journals.*  Of  the 
matter  charged  in  the  articles  of  treafon  no 
notice  now  was  taken.  An  order  was  fimply 
made  that  the  Houfe  fhould  fit  next  morning 
at  ten  o'clock,  as  a  Grand  Committee,  to  con- 
fider  the  mefTage  of  the  King.  But  what  this 
meant  was  well  underftood,  and  that  the 
members  were  then  to  be  heard  in  reply  to 
their  accufer. 

The  ad;  which  followed  proved  to  be  one  of 
Refolu-  the  moft  important  of  all.  The  refolution  for 
Military  a  Guard  of  the  trained  bands  of  the  City, 
S"c[t'^°"*  moved  and  carried  by  Pym  at  the  opening  of 
the  fitting,  was  turned  into  an  order  of  the 
Houfe  and  committed  to  the  care  of  Alderman 
Venn  and  Pennington  and  Captain  Venn,  members  for 
tonfent  to  London,  who  were  diredled  immediately  to 
the  Lord    j-epair  thither  and  demand  of  the  Chief  Magif- 

Mayor.  ^  .  .  .         ,  .  ° 

trate  and  Authorities  therein,  in  compliance 
with  fuch  order,  a  Military  Guard  for  pro- 
tection of  the  Houfe.  The  charge  was 
promptly  executed ;  in  what  circumft:ances, 
and  with  what  eflTedt,  will  hereafter  be  feen. 

All  this  had  been  done  with  marked  delibe- 
ration, and  the  day  was  far  advanced.     The 
Day         conference   with   the   Lords  as  to   breach  of 
declining,  privilege  had  been  brought  to  a  clofe,  and  the 
Upper  Houfe  had  joined  with  the  Lower  in 

*  Where  it  yet  (lands,  C.  J.  ii.  368. 


§  XII.    'The  Impeachment  before  the  Commons.  125 

declaring  againft    the   outrage  committed    by 
the  a6l  of  fealing  up  the  trunks,  papers,  and  Seals 
doors,  in    the  private  houfes  of  the  accufed.  King's  ^ 
Then  an  order  pafTed  the  Houfe,  giving  power  to  r^r^"^  ^° 
its  Serjeant-at-Arms  to  break  open  thofe  feals, 
and  to  Mr.  Speaker's  warrant  to  take  into  cuf- 
tody  the  perfons  by  whom  they  were  attached. 
Sir  William  Fleming  and  Sir  William  Killi- 
grew,*  it  had  now  been  afcertained,  were  the 
King's  principal  agents ;    and,  a  warrant  for 
their   apprehenfion    having    been    iffued.    Sir  King's 
William    Fleming  and    the  perfons  who  had  w^^" feized 
ad:ed  under  his  diredion  were  conveyed  that  papers  to 

.  ^  be  im- 

night  to  the  cuftody  of  the  Serjeant-at-Arms,  prifoned. 
Sir  William  Killigrew  was  not  to  be  found. 

Of  the  ad:s  and  proceedings  of  this  memor- 
able day,  which  before  midnight  were  in  print 
and  circulated  throughout  the  City,  that  v/as 

•  Thefe  were  men  recklefe  and  needy,  hangers-on  of  the 
court,  and  of  broken  fortunes.    Among  more  important  docu- 
ments in  the  State  Paper  Office  there  remains  a  note  of  this 
Sir  William  Killigrew's  dated   eighteen  months  before  this  Sir  Wil- 
time,  which  {hows,  not  merely  the  ftraits  he  was  in  for  money  li^ni  Killi- 
(common  enough  then  for  the  beft  men  about  the  Court),  grew: 
but  the  dilcreditable  ways  and  means  he  reforted  to  for  getting 
it.     "Knowe  all  men,"   it  runs,  "  that  I,  S'  W"  Killigrew 
"  of  London  Kn'  have  borrowed  of  Mast'  Robert   Longe  of 
"  London  Esq'  a  diamond  hatband  and  one  table  diamond  and  the 
"  ringe,  w^  I  the  faid  S'  W"  Killigrew  have  pawned  unto  diamond 
"  Capt.  Peeter  (who  dwelleth   at   M'"  Southes  the    cutlar  hatband 
"  in  the  Strand)  for  one  hundred  pounds}  the  which  I  doe  and  ring. 
"  binde  myfelfe  my  heires  and  executors  to  redeeme  and  to 
"  reftore  unto  Maft'  Longe  in  or  before  Michaelmas  Terme 
'*  next :  in  witnefs  whereof  I  have  hereunto  fett  my  hand, 
"London  :  June  az"*,  1640.  W"  Killigrew." 

Endorfed :  "  Sir  W"  Killigrew's  note  for  the  Diamond 
"  Hatt  Band  and  Ring." 


126  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

Laftaft     the  lafl:  but  one.     The  laft  was  to  fend  out 

Houfe  on  intimation    to    the     King's    Serjeant-at-Arms 

3rd  Jan.    and  MefTenger,  Mr.  Francis,   "who  attended 

*'  all  this  while  at  the  door  of  the  Houfe  of 

"  Commons,"    that  the   anfwer  to  the  King 

would  be  borne  by  members  of  their  own. 

§   XIII.     What    followed    the 
Impeachment. 

It  was   night   before    Falkland,    Culpeper, 

Interview  Stapleton   and    Hotham   were     admitted    to 

King.  ^    audience  at  Whitehall,  and  very  ftrange  the  in- 

•     terview  muft  have  been.  Charles  appears  to  have 

addrefled  himfelf  folely  to  Falkland.      Haftily, 

when  the  meflage  had  been  delivered,  he  afked 

whether  any  reply  was  expeded,  and,  in  the  fame 

breath,  before  Falkland  could  anfwer,  faid  that 

A  promife  ^^  Houfe  fhould  havc  his  reply  as  foon  as  it 

lor  next         „-      ^  •  i 

day.  afiembled  next  mornmg,  and  that  meanwhile 

it  was  to  take  his  aflurance  that  what  had  been 

done  was  done  by  his  diredtion.   It  is  juft  poflible 

that  Charles's  intention,  when  he  faid  this,  may 

have  been  to  fend  fuch  reply  ;   but  if  fo,  it  did 

not  furvive  the  fcene  which  is  alleged  to  have 

been  adled  in  thofe  royal  apartments  not  many 

hours  after  the  four  members  quitted  them.''' 

The  anecdote  refts   on  the  authority  of  a 

Authority  manufcHpt   note    publifhed   by   the   hiftorian 

t^be  de^-    Echard,  which   had  been  left   by  Sir  William 

fcribed.     Coj^e  of  Norfolk  to  Mr.  Archetil  Grey,   the 

*  Echard's  Hijlory  (ed.  1720),  p.  520. 


§  xiii.      What  followed  the  Impeachment.  127 

brother  of  Lord  Grey  of  Groby  ;  and  though  Admix- 
it  certainly  feems   dated  fome  hours  too  foon  true  and 
even  for  the  occurrence  it  profefles  to  relate,  f^'^«- 
and   fhould    be    read   very   guardedly,   there 
is    room  to   fufpedt   that    it  poflefles   a  con- 
fiderable  fubftratum  of  truth,  for  the  under- 
ftanding   of  which  the   reader  will  be  better 
prepared  if  certain  preliminary  circumftances 
and    confiderations    are     fubmitted    to    him. 
Upon  the  entire  ftatement  of  the  fa6ls  he  will 
have  to  judge,  how  far  the  proceedings  which  view 
already  have  been  defcribed  are  likely,  in  all  the  Mr. 
ftartling  and  dangerous  circumftances  of  the  ^^^^^"^' 
time,  to  have  been   taken,  as    Mr.    Hallam 
feems  to  fuppofe,  by    the  King  adling   fingly 
and   apart,  not    merely  from   his  authorized 
advifers  and  from  all  his  Privy  Council,*  but 
from    the   new    adherents  of  his   perfon    and 
recipients  of  his  favour,  won  to  him  by  the 
Great  Remonftrance.     He  will  have  to  deter-  How  far 
mine  how  far  it  is  credible,  that  a  defign  of 
fuch  magnitude  as  the  impeachment  of  leading 
members  of  the  Commons,  of  which  before 
the  event  rumours  and  alarms  had  gone  forth 

*  Hallam's  words  are  [Conji.  Hiji.  n.   125,  ed,  1855)   that  111  ad- 
*'  the  King  was  guided  by  bad  private  advice,  and  cared  not  vifers : 
"  to  let  any  of  his  Privy  Council  know  his  intentions  left  he 
**  ftiould  encounter  oppofition."    This  fumiife  may  be  correft,  Mr.  Hal- 
but  the  King's  charafter  and  hiftory  cannot  be  faid  to  fupport  lam's  view 
it.    The  life  of  Strafford  offers  inceffant  proof  that  Charles  not  con- 
took  ftrange  pleafure  in  refifting   the   advice   of   men   moft  fonant 
attached  to  him,  and  in  whom  he  had   reafon   to   place  the  with  cha- 
greateft  confidence.      All  the  moft  ferious  afts  of  his  own  life  rafter  of 
were  done  in  the  very  teeth  of  the   moft  prudent  counfellors  the  King, 
who  remained  with  him. 


128 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 


Did  the 
King  aft 
apart  from 
all  advice  ? 


Were  the 

Attorney 

and 

Keeper 

wholly 

ignorant  ? 


What 
Strode 
thought 
of  their 
participa- 
tion. 


in  many  quarters ;  for  which  the  late  lawlefs 
levy  of  a  Court  of  Guard  at  Whitehall  was 
now  loudly  aflerted  to  have  been  the  prepara- 
tion ;  which,  to  every  one  in  the  King's  con- 
fidence, was  beyond  all  queftion  known  to  be  a 
defign  not  now  for  the  firft  time  entertained  ; 
and  which  required  the  aid  of  the  keeper  of 
his  confcience,  and  the  firft  law  officer  of  his 
crown,  to  carry  through  its  very  firft  ftage  ; 
had  yet  been  imparted  to  no  member  of  his 
Council  when  from  his  own  hand  the  Attorney- 
General  Herbert  received  the  written  articles 
of  treafon,  and  from  his  own  lips  the  Lord 
Keeper  Littleton  took  the  mefTage  to  the 
Lords.  When  Littleton  and  Herbert  after- 
wards aflerted  fo  much,  Strode,  one  of  the 
accufed,  publicly  avowed  his  dift)elief.*     But 


Mr.  At- 
torney's 
excufes  to 
the  Houfe. 


Difbe- 

lieved  by 
Strode. 


*  This  incident  took  place  on  the  12th  February,  when  the 

conduft  of  Sir  Edward  Herbert  (who  had  fat  for  Old  Sarum  : 

there  were  ten  other  Herberts  in  this  Parliament)  was  under 

difcuffion.     D'Ewes  tells  us  {HarL  MSS.  162,  ff.  377b,  385 

a):    "  Mr.  Pierrpoint  faid   that  the  Lord   Keeper   had  told 

'  him   that   after  his   Maj^   had  fhown  the  articles   to    the 

'  Attorney  (impeaching  Pym,  &c.)  he  did   to  his  uttermoft 

'  power  advife  his   Ma''  not  to  prefer  them ;  but  the  King 

'  commanding  him    to  do  it,    he  came  to  the  Lords  Houl'e 

*  to  perform  the  fame,  but  was  fo  troubled  in  mind  when 
'  he    came    there,  that    he    did    adventure     to  return  back 

*  to    his    Maj^,    and    did     humbly    and     earneftly     advife 

*  him  the  fecond  time  not  to  prefer  the  fame,  but  then 
'  receiving  his  Maj''"  ablblute  and  peremptory  command 
'  to  do  it,  he  performed  it  accordingly.  Mr.  Strode  faid 
'  he  believed   that   Mr.   Attor^   did   not   only  contrive  the 

*  fame,  but  knew  of  the  defign  itfelf  alio,  for  he  was  a  man 
'  of  great  parts  and  well  fkilled  in  ftate  matters,  and  was  very 

*  violent  both  on  Monday  and  Tuesday  Jan''  3  and  4."  All 
things  confidered,  Strode's  fuggeftion  was  at  leaft  a  pardonable 
one;  and  the  reader  will  fhortiy  have  an  opportunity  of  tefting 


§  XIV.     Scene  in  the  ^een's  Apartments.  1 29 

fuch   a   queftion  cannot  even  be  raifed  upon 

the  more  daring  ad  which  was  to  be   done 

on    the    fucceeding    day.       There    is  not   a  Propofed 

ihadow  of  pretence  for  the  aflertion,  that  the  the  4^h  not 

King  had  kept  fecret  to  the  laft  hour  the  pur-  ^f^'^f  1° 

pofe  to  which  efFeft  was  now  to  be  given.     It 

was  moft  certainly  difcufled  on  this  preceding 

night,  and  on  the  morning  of  the  day  itfelf ; 

nor  is  there  any  doubt  as  to  fome  at  leaft  of  Dircufled 

thofe  who  were  prefent  at  the  ill-judged  and 


VIOUS 


ill-fated  Council.  "^S^t. 

§  XIV.     Scene    in    the    Queen's 
Apartments. 

Whitelock,  who  had  fair  opportunities  of  ill  ad- 
information  both  at  the  time  of  the  occurrence 
and  afterwards,  fays  in  his  Memorials  that "  the 
"  Papifts,  by  the  means  and  influence  o{  the 

the  credibility  of  the  Lord  Keeper's  and  Attorney  General's 

ftatement  by  comparing  it  with  accounts  of  the  tranfaftion 

under  the  King's  own  hand.     A  few  days  before  the  prefent 

debate  (Saturday,  29  Jan.)  an  effort  had  been   made  by  the 

Court  party  to  acquit  Herbert  by  putting  off  upon  "  Peter  The 

"  Baal,  Esq.    of   the    Middle   Temple,    being  the   Queen's  Queen's 

"  attorney"  (this  is  the  "Ball"  of  thenotvery  comprehenfible  Attorney 

paper  memorandum  in  Sir  Ralph  Verney's  Notes,  Tp.  150)  the  aft  put  for- 

of  having  drawn  the  articles  of  treason.     D'Ewes  enables  me  ward. 

to  flate  this ;  and  as  the  clofe  of  his  Journal  on  that  day  is  cha- 

rafteriflic  of  the  ufage  of  the  time,  and  of  the  unruly  practices 

of  honorable  members,  I   fubjoin  it :      "  Several  committees 

"  went  out  between  iz  Sc  i,  and  many  members,  about  one  half 

*'  in  the  Houfe,  went  out  to  dinner.     Divers  called  to  keep 

"  the  doors  fhut,  which  made  me  to  move — not  to  diflurb  the 

'*  fervice  of  the  Houfe  by  calling  out  '  Shut  the  door,'  but  "Shut  the 

"  that  we  might  again  renew  the  ancient  order  of  Parliament,  Door." 

**  and,  feeing  the  days  were  growing  longer,  fit  to  a  later 

<'  period  in  the  afternoon." — Harl.  MSS.  162.  f.  359  b. 


130 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Member s. 


Papifts  'f  Queen,  as  wasfuppofed,  perfuaded  the  King 
women.  "  the  next  day  in  the  morning  to  come  himfelf 
"  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons  ; "  and  he  adds,  as 
an  accredited  rumour  of  the  time,  that  it  was 
the  women's  counfel  and  irritation  of  Charles, 
telHng  him  that  if  he  were  King  of  England 
he  would  not  fuffer  himfelf  to  be  baffled  about 
thefe  perfons,  which  provoked  him  to  go  to  the 
Houfe  himfelf,  and  fetch  them  out.*  Madame 
de  Motteville  ftates  diftindlly  in  her  Memoirs 
de  Motte-  that  the  Queen  had  told  her  of  a  projed  to  ftrike 
terror  into  the  Parliament,  and  feize  again  the 
power  that  had  been  wrefted  from  them ;  and,  in 
another  pafTage,  fhe  fays  more  plainly  that  the 
King  returned  from  the  great  dinner  which  had 
been  given  him  in  the  City  on  his  arrival  from 
Scotland, t  fo  elated  by  the  cheering  and  applaufe 


State- 
ment of 
Madame 


Henriet- 
ta's con- 
duft  on 
the  return 
from 
Scotland. 


May  the 
hiftorian. 


*  Memorials,  \.  154  (ed.  1853). 

•j-  Ante,  21,  22.  Without  placing  anything  of  an  implicit 
reliance  on  what  isfaid  by  the  Queen's  chamber-woman,  her 
pofition  at  the  time  yet  fairly  entitles  her  to  be  heard.  "  She  " 
(the  Queen)  "  was  ever  diligent,"  fays  Madame  de  Motte- 
ville, "  in  gaining  partizans  to  her  hufband,  and  won  over 
"  the  Lord  Mayor.  On  the  King's  return  from  Scotland 
*'  (he  went  to  meet  him  and  to  apprife  him  of  the  compliant 
"  difpofition  of  his  fubjefts.  The  royal  family  were  received 
"  in  London  with  great  marks  of  loyalty,  &  the  King  re- 
"  folved  to  take  advantage  of  this  ftate  of  things,  to  feize  the 
"  leaders  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons.  He  entrufted  his  plan  to 
**  few  but  the  Queen."  A  more  truftworthy  witnefsto  thedif- 
aftrous  effects  of  that  unfortunate  City  dinner  is  the  hiftorian 
May :  "  Who  would  not  in  probability  have  judged,"  he 
fays  (Ji'tji.  lib.  2,  cap.  2,  18-19),  "  that  the  forementioned 
"  coftly  and  fplendid  entertainment  which  the  City  of  London 
"  gave  to  the  King,  would  have  exceedingly  endeared  them 
"  unto  him,  and  produced  no  effefts  but  of  love  &  concord? 
*'  Yet  accidentally  it  proved  otherwife.  For  many  people, 
"  ill  affedled  to  the  Parliament,  gave  it  out  in  ordinary  dif- 


§  XIV.     Scene  in  the  ^een's  Apartments.  131 

of  the  Citizens,   that  he  determined  to  avail 
himfelf  of  the  fuppofed  popularity  implied  in  it, 
to  feize  the  "leaders  "  in  Parliament.     Monte-  Warning 
reuil,   the   French   AmbafTador,   fubfequently  cufed  from 
claimed  the  credit  to  himfelf  of  having  given  French 

Ambafla- 

timely  notice  to  the  leaders  ("  J'avois  prevenu  dor. 

"  mes  amis,  et  ils  f'etoient  mis  en  furete  ")  to 

provide  for  their  fafety  ;  and  even  if  the  fadt  of 

his  having  done  fo  were  doubtful,  he  would 

hardly  have  ventured  to  claim  the  credit  unlefs 

it  were  notorious  that  he  had  the  opportunity. 

Finally,  it  only  needs  to  advert,  in  proof  of 

the  notorious  complicity  of  the  Queen's  party 

in  the  defign,  to  the  fubfequent  ftate  paper  of  the  Effefts  of 

Commons  in  which  they  denounce  "  the  in-  P^^^"  ^ 

\  intermed- 

**  fluence  which  the  priefts   and  Jefuits  haddling. 
*'  upon   the   afFedlions    and   counfels   of  the 
**  Queen,  and  the  admiflion  of  her  Majefty  to 
**  intermeddle  with  the  great  affairs  of  ftate."* 

The  leaders  of  the  Commons  had  indeed  j?*^"^  '^^'. 
good   reafon   to   fufpedb   her   Majefty.      Not  peaed  by- 
many  months  before  this  date,  when  their  inter-  *^^  ^°'"" 

■/  ■'  raons  : 

ference  had  arrefted  her  announced  journey  to 
Spa,  they  were  foully  affailed  by  the  Royalifts 
upon  the  ground  that  they  had  covered  her  with 

"  courfe  (non  ignota  loquor,  it  is  a  known  truth)  that  the 

"  City  were  weary  of  the  Parliament's  tedious  proceedings, 

"  &  would  be  ready  to  join  with  the   King  againft  them. 

'*  Whether  it  begat  the  fame  opinion  in  the  King  or  not,  I  Charles 

**  cannot  tell ;   but  certainly  fome  conceived  fo,  by  aftions  mifled. 

"  which  immediately  followed." 

*  Remonftrance   from    Grocers'    Hall    Committee.      See 
Clarendon's  Hiji.  ii.  185. 

K  2 


132,  Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

difloyal  fufpicions,  nor  had  fcrupled  to  difcover, 

in  a  fimple  excurfion  for  health  and  pleafure, 

treafonable  motives,  and  even  a  poffible  defign 

upon  the  property  of  the  Crown.     Yet  not  a 

great  many  days  after  the  events  now  defcribed, 

Sufpicions  every  one  of  thofe  fufpicions  was  proved*  to 

trucT        have  been  well-founded  ;  and  when  at  length  it 

was   known   that    (he   had    managed   to  quit 

England  upon  the  enterprize  of  ralfing  foreign 

arms  for  the  King,   carrying  with  her  to  this 

end  not  only  her  own  and   the  King's  jewels, 

but  the  jewels  of  the  Crown, f  the  regret  might 

well  be  felt,  even  by  moderate  men,  that  the 

patriots  had  not  put  their  old  mifgivings  into 

force.     Confcious  of  her  own  intentions,  this 

was  doubtlefs  what  fhe  had  herfelf  moft  dreaded ; 

Clarendon  and  Clarendon  explains  the  eager  violence  with 

h^rdX-e  which  fhc  thrcw  herfelf  into  the  King's  projedl 

to  have  the  of  impeaching  the  members,  by  the  terror  fhe 

members  ,  .    .  . 

im-  entertained  of  their  impeaching  herfelf.   "That 

peached :    f c  ^hJ^h  wrought  fo  much  upon  the  Queen's 

"  fears,"  he  fays, J  "befidesthe  general  obfer- 

*'  vationhow  the  King  was  betrayed,  and  how 

'*  his  rights  and  power  were  every  day  wrefted 

Abftrac-         *  ^^^  Nalson,  ii.  391,  for  indication  that  the  Commons 
tionof  the  fufp^'^^'^  ^^^  defign  againft  the  Jewels  as  early  as  July  1641. 
Crown  "1"  Whitelock's    Memorials    (ed.   1853),   i.    159;   and  fee 

jewels  Hallam,  Conji.  Hiji.  ii.  139.     Mr,  Hallam  is  infinitely  mode- 

rate and  cautious  in  dealing  with  thefe  pafiTages  of  our  hiftory, 
but  he  admits,  in  a  note  to  the  pafl'age  juft  referred  to,  that 
the  Queen's  intended  journey  to  Spa  in  July  1641,  which 
was  given  up  at  the  remonftrance  of  Parliament,  was  highly 
fufpicious. 

I  HiJi.  ii.  231. 


§  XIV.     Scene  in  the  ^eens  Apartments,  133 

"  from   him,   was  an  advertifement  that  ihe 

"  had  received  of  a  defign  in  the  prevalent 

"  party  to  have  accufed  her  Majefty  of  high 

**  treafon  ;  of  which,  without. doubt,  there  had 

"been  fome  difcourfe  in  their  moft  private  To  fave 

"  cabals,  and,  I  am  perfuaded,  was  imparted  fj-orn  im- 

"  to  her  upon  defign,  and  by  connivance  (for  p^ach- 

"  there    were   fome    incorporated    into    that 

"  fadion  who   exadly   knew  her  nature,  paf- 

"  fions,  and  infirmities),  that  the  difdain  of  it 

"  might    tranfport    her    to    fomewhat   which 

"  might  give  them  advantage.     And  fhortly 

"  after  that  difcovery   to  her  Majefty,  thofe 

"  perfons  before  mentioned  were  accufed  of 

"  high  treafon." 

The  perfon  here  more   particularly  pointed  Lucy, 

.  -^  ^  Countefs 

at  as  having  played  out,  apparently  on  both  of  Cariifle. 
fides,    the   double   intrigue  of   friend  and  of 
betrayer,  was  undoubtedly  Lady  Cariifle,  now 
in  daily  intercourfe  with  Pym  and  Lord  Kim-  Her  dally 
bolton,  and  herfelf  a  chief  adtor  alfo  in  the  ^"urfe 
fcene  about  to  be  related.     Without  raifing  with  Pym 
the  queftion  whether  it  might  not  have  been  bolton : 
even  with  herfelf  for  "  mefiienger  "   that  the 
Queen  and  King  had  lately  made  the  overture 
to  Pym   which  was    meant   to   enfnare   him 
from  his  party,  it  does  not  admit  of  contro- 
verfy  that  this  ftrong-willed  woman,  by  far  the 
moft  generous  and  the  moft  conftant  of  all 
the  friends  of  Strafford,  and  for  that  reafon  after 
ftill  in  acceptance  and  reputation  at  Court,  ^^^^)^J 


i\54  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

had  been,  ever  fince  the  King's  furrender  of 

his  great  Minifter,  deep  in  the  fecret  counfels 

and  confidence  of  Pym  and  his  friends,  and 

had  done  them  moft  material  fervlces.     Cla- 

Retribu-    rendon's  firft  editors  fupprefled  the  pafTage  in 

betrayal  of  "^^^^h    he    dwells   expHcItly  on    the   evil   fhe 

her  friend :  vvrrought  agalnft  her  quafi-friends  at  Court: 

but  It  may  properly  here  be  reproduced.     The 

hiftorian  is  clofing  a  fort  of  fumming  up  of  the 

adverfe  circumftances  with  which  Charles  the 

Firft  at  this  time  had  to  contend.    "And  laftly, 

"  which,  it  may  be,  made  all  the  reft  worfe,  the 

"  Countefs  of  Carllfle,  who  was  moft  obliged 

"  and  trufted  by  the  Queen,  and  had  been  for 

'*  her  eminent   and  conftant  aifedllon  to  the 

"  Earl  of  Strafford  admitted  to  all  the  con- 

'^  fultations  which  were  for  his  prefervation, 

"  and  privy  to  all  the  refentments  had  been 

"  on  his  behalf,  and  fo  could  not  but  remember 

"  many  fharp  faylngs  uttered  In  that  time,  was 

Betrays      "  become  a  confidant  in  thofe  counfels,    and 

to^th?""  "  difcovered  whatfoever  fhe  had  been  trufted 

Com-       'f  with."*  So  did  Clarendon,  out  of  his  fimple 

mons:  i  r  •  i  i 

obfervation  and  knowledge  of  humanity,  and 

without    reproach    to    the    Countefs   for    fo 

Hereon-    avenging  a  bitter  wrong,  fufficiently  explain, 

plainedby  ^^  ^^  feems   to    me,    the   fudden   tranffer   of 

her  cha-    Lady  Carllfle's  allegiance  from  Strafford's  falfe 

friends  to  his   open  enemies.     In  that  way, 

*  Clarendon,  Hift,  ii.  603-604.. 


§  xrv.     Scene  in  the  ^eeris  Apartments.  135 

not  unnaturally,  might  fo  vehement  and  im- 
petuous a  fpirlt  refent  his  betrayal ;  it  is  to 
be  remembered  alfo  that  her  brother,  the  Earl  Her 
of  Northumberland,  had  by  this  time,  after  a  Northum- 
far  lefs   conftant   and   generous   devotion   to^erland. 
Strafford,  changed  fides  from  the  Court  to  the 
Parliament ;    and  there   is   certainly   not   the 
fhadow  of  a  ground   for  the  imputation  which 
fo  many  grave  hiftorians  have  fince  repeated  Sir  Philip 
on  the  authority  of  a  jefting  remark   by  Sir  wick's 
Philip  Warwick,*  that   this   mature  lady  o{^^'^'^^'^'^' 


*  The  paflTage  is  worth  quoting  as  written  by  one  who 
pafled  much  time  in  very  intimate  perfonal  attendance  on  the 
King,  becaufe  the  only  regret  exprefled  in  it  with  regard  to 
the  attempt  of  the  4th  January  is  that  it  was  made  too  late: 

*  In  Scotland  having   learnt  the  confederacies  againft  him, 

*  and  the  intelligence  fome  of  our  great  members  had  held 
with  the  ambafTadors  of  foreign  princes,  particularly  the 
French,  and  fomewhat  of  the  depth  of  their  defigns,  he  was 
forced  to  refolve  to  accufe  fome  members  of  both  Houfes 

of  treafon  j  but  too  late,  God  knows  :  enough  to  fhow,  A  Cour- 
that   when    Princes  will  long    put    off  their  dangers  by  tier's  view 
'  unreafonable  concefTions,  they  do  not  divert  their  hazard,  of  the 

*  but  run  into  it.     And  now  tho'   he  refolves    to    proceed  Impeach- 

*  againft  thefe  members  by  a  due  procefle  in  law,  &  accufe  ment  and 
'  them  firft  in  the  Lords  houfe  by  his  Attorney  Generall,  arreft. 

*  and  then  in  the  Houfe  of  Commons  by  liimfelfe  (both 
'  Houfes  having  ever  allowed  that  no  priviledge  of  parlia- 
'  ment  could  by  any  fingle  member  of  either  Houfe  be  pre- 
'  tended  unto  in  the  cafe  of  treafon,  felony,  or  breach  of 
'  peace),  yet  his  coming  to  the  Lower  Houfe  being  betrayed 
'  by  that  bufy  ftatefwoman  the  Countefs  of  Carlifle  (who  had 

'  now   changed   her    gallant  from  Strafford   to  Mr.  Pym,  Bufy 
'  and  was  become  fuch  a  (he-Saint  that  fhe  frequented  their  ftatef- 
'  fermons  and  took  notes),  he  loft  the  opportunity  of  feizing  woman 
'their    perfons  "  &c.  &c.   Memoires    (ed.    1702),    p.   204.  become 
While  I  am  bound  to  ftate  my  convidion  that  the  imputation  ihe-faint. 
which  would  give  to  Lady  Carlifle  the  great  Puritan  leader  for 
her  gallant,  is  without  a  fliadow  of  other  teftimony  to  fupport 
it,  I  need  not  conceal  the  faft  that  the  Royalift  libellers  kept  a 
well  fupplied  armoxiry  of  weapons  of  this  kind,  which  any 


136  An  eft  of  the  Five  Members. 

more  than  forty  years  of  age,  who  had  been 
twenty  years  a  wife*  and  five  a  widow,  had  now 

Nop-round  R^yalift  writer  was  fure  to  find   always  ready  to  his  hand. 

for  War-     ^7"^'^   ^'"^^    living  and  gallantries  were  an  untiring  theme. 

wVk's         From  the  l^env  Diurnall,  or  from  The  Senfe  of  the  Houfe,  or 

libel  from  Reafons  againft  Accommodation,  I  could  furnifh  abundant 

inftances,  but  they  are  not  always  quotable.  One  of  the  more 
fcholarly  of  thefe  recklefs  penmen  had  invented  even  a  Latin 
fong  which  went  by  Pym's  name,  and  fupplied  material  for 
infinite  libels  by  way  of  anfwer. 

I  wonder  one  fo  old,  fo  grave, 
Should  yet  fuch  youth,  fuch  lightnefTe  have. 
*  *  «  * 

Thou  mayft  as  foon  turn  Turk  as  king ; 
And  that,  oh  that's  the  tempting  thing — 
That  thou  mayft  glut  thine  appetite 
With  a  feraglio  of  delight ! 

Occafionally,  however,  even  a  Royalift  libeller  is  under  fome 
influence  which  gives  him  paufe  in  his  career  of  flander,  and 
his  charge  againft  the  great  leader  refolves  itfelf,  at  fuch  times, 
into  what  may  pofTibly  have  originated  the  whole  of  this 
fruitful  theme  of  unlcrupulous  wit — Pym's  free  unpuri- 
tanical  manners,  and  flowing  courtefy  to  women,  repeatedly 
noticed  by  contemporaries.  Take  an  example  from  Lines  to 
a  Lady : 

Then  go,  fair  lady,  follow  him  ; 
Fear  no  trumpet,  fear  no  drum, 

Fair  women  may  prevail  with  Pym, 

And  one  fweet  fmile  when  there  you  come 
Will  quickly  ftrike  the  Speaker  dumb. 

*'  Round-       Let  me  add  that  when  Baxter,  in  awell-known  paffage  of  his 

head  "         Narrati've  (p.  34.),  reprefents  the   Queen,  in  Pym's  prefence, 

explained   afking  who  that  round-headed  man  was  (which,  by  the  way, 

by  Baxter,  fhe  is  not  at  all  likely  to  have  done,  for  there  is  ample  evidence 

that  his  perfon  was  well-known  both  to  Qjaeen  and  King 

long    before   the  Strafford   trial),   the  reader  muft    yet  not 

fuppofe  her  to  have  meant  by  the  phrafe  that  he  was  what  is 

called  clofe-cut  or  crop-eared.     In  that  fenfe  it  would  not  be 

more  applicable  to  Pym  and  Hampden  than  to  Hopton  and 

I  Rupert.     The  remark  of  Baxter  may  be  given  for  its  illuftra- 


Pym's  un- 

puritanic 

manners. 


*  She  was    married    to    Lord    Hay,  afterwards  Earl  of 
Carlifle,  in  the  autumn  of  1617. 


§  XIV.     Scene  in  the  ^een's  Apartments.  1^7 

changed  her  "  gallant"  from  Strafford  to  Pym. 
One  of  the  King's  phyficians,  Doftor  Bates, 
in   his  Rife  and  Progrejs   of  the  'Troubles,  is 
not  difpofed  to  be  more  complimentary  to  her 
than  Sir  Philip  was;  but  at  leaft  he  keeps  more  -^fys- 
within  the  probabilities  when  he  afcribes  her  more 
condud  to  a  willingnefs  now  to  fet  off  her  wit.  Probable, 
as  formerly  fhe  had  done  her  beauty,  the  gifts 
of    different    ages,    amongfl    the    Parliament 
men.     This  writer,  a  partizan  of  Charles  the  Doctor 
Firft,  though  he  did  not  decline,  during  the    ^  ^^' 
Protedtorate,  to  prefcribe  for  Cromwell,  alfo 
diftindly   declares,    in   that   portion    of   his 
Elenchus    Motuum    which     was    written    and 
printed   before  the    Reftoration,    that   it  was 
"  by  the  advice  of  fome  of  his  Privy  Council  Privy 
"  who    were    themfelves    members    of    the  jorrfaTd'to 
"  Houfe,"*  that  the  King,  finding  the  Com-  have  ad- 

,    °  .  vifed  the 

mons  refolute  not  to  deliver  up  their  members  King. 
on  legal  charge,  went  himfelf  the  next  morning 
to  arreft  them. 

Of  a  different  complexion  from  his  flate- 
ment,  though  not  neceffarily  at  variance  with 
it,  is  the  fcene  that  waits  to  be  defcribed  from 
Coke's    Manufcript,    preferved    by   Archetil 


tion  of  the  fubjeft  treated  ante,  63.     He  is  fpeaking  of  the 
word  Roundhead.  "  The  original  of  which  name  is  not  certainly 
"  known.     Some  fay  it  was  becaufe  the  Puritans  then  com-  <<Xhat 
"  monly  wore  fhort  hair,  and  the  King's  party  long  hair:  j-Qund- 
*'  fome  fay  it  was  becaufe  the  Qjaeen  at  Strafford's  trial  alked  headed 
**  who  that  round-headed  man  was,  meaning  Pym,  becaufe  he  man." 
"  fpake  fo  ftrongly." 
*  Ed.  1685 ;  p.  34, 


138  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

King  and  Grey.  A  long  and  very  paffionate  debate  had 
the^night  P^Aed  in  the  royal  chamber  on  the  night  of 
of  the  3rd  the  fruitlefs  attempt  of  the  Attorney-General, 

January :      1         >->.  ,  .  .  ,         • 

the  Queen  takmg  promment  part  therem; 
and  it  had  ended,  according  to  this  account, 
in  the  fettled  refolve  that  Charles  would 
himfelf  demand  the  members  next  morning. 
But  his  heart  failed  him  when  the  morning 
came.  He  went  to  the  Queen's  apartments 
early,  and,  finding  Lady  Carlifle  with  her,  took 
her  Majefty  into  her  clofet,  and  there,  having 
put  to  her  all  the  hazards  of  the  attempt,  and 
all  its  poffible  confequences,  declared  that  he 
On  the "  muft  abandon  it.  Whereat  the  Queen,  no 
ofthe4th.  lo^g^J^  able  to  contain  her  paflion,  violently 
burft  out,  "  Allez,  poltron  !  Go,  pull  thefe 
'^  rogues  out  by  the  ears,  ou  ne  me  revoyez 
"jamais  !  "  Without  replying  the  King  left 
the  room.  The  anecdote  is  certainly  not 
in  any  refpedt  reliable,  if  accepted  ftridly  in 
this  form;  but  it  feems  to  favor  the  fuppofi- 
tion  of  fome  admixture  of  truth  In  it,  though 
mifdated  as  well  as  mifltated,  that  Madame  de 
Motteville  fhould  unconfcioufly  have  given  us 
Lady  Car- in  her  Memoirs  a  fort  of  fequel  to  it.  She 
ed  with  the  defer ibes  the  Queen,  while  waiting  in  her 
Queen,  clofet  with  vehement  expedation,  rejoined  by 
Lady  Carlifle.  In  a  previous  paflage  flie  had 
dwelt  upon  Charles's  leave-taking  hardly  an 
hour  before,  not  in  filence  indeed,  as  Coke 
reports,  but  with  a  hafty  promife  to  Henrietta 


§  XV.     Council  of  the  Night  of  ^^d  January.  139 

that  if  ihe   found   one   hour   elapfe    without  The  one 
hearing  ill  news  of  him,  fhe  would  fee  him,   °"'^' 
when  he  returned,   mafter   of   his   kingdom. 
With  impatient  dread  (he  had  fince  pafTed  that 
interval  of  fufpenfe,  and  now,  on  Lady  Carlifle's 
fudden  entrance,  thinking  the    hour  was  paft 
and  the  ftroke  made  not  miffed,  fhe  exclaimed 
to  her  friend,  "Rejoice !  for  I  hope  that  the  King  Qjueen 
"  is  now  mafler  in  his  States,  and  that  Pym  he/fecret. 
"  and  his  confederates  are  in  cuflody."     She 
had  told   the  triumph  of  her  hate  too  early  to 
prevent  Lady   Carlifle   from  making   it   the  Lady  Car- 
triumph  of  her  own.     Within  an  hour  from  tr^L  the 
that  time,  adds  Madame  de  Motteville,  Pym  Queen, 
knew  what  was  to  be  done  that  day. 

§  XV.     Council  of  the  Night  of  the 
3RD  OF  January. 

The  nature  of  the  debate  of  the  preceding  The 
night,  the  number  who  were  prefent  at  it,  and  debate^: 
the  chara<5ter  of  thofe  who  took  adlive  part  in 
it,  remain  ftill  matters  of  doubt  to  us.    Was  it 
a  meeting  of  the  King  and  Queen  with  the 
Queen's    friends  only,  with  Lord  Digby,  the 
French  AmbafTador,  and  William  Murray*  of 
the  Bed-Chamber,  as  Clarendon  would  have 
us  believe ;    or  was  it  one  at  which,  or  im-  who  were 
mediately  preceding  which,  the  King  had  con-  ^"^^  ^"  ' 
fulted  with  thofe  of  his  Privy  Council  who 

•  "Littel  Vil   Murry,"  as  the   Queen  calls  him  in  her 
letters. 


140  Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members.     * 

Were  alfo  members  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons, 
in  other  words  with  Sir  Edward  Nicholas,  Cul- 
peper,  and  Falkland,  as  Do6lor  Bates  diftindlly 
TeftI-       avers  ?  When  Sir  Arthur  Hafelrig,  himfelf  one 
Sir  Arthur  of  the  accufcd,  recalled  the  circumftances  fixteen 
Hafdng.   years  later,  in  one  of  the  Parliaments  of  the 
Protedlorate,  it  is  remarkable  that  in  what  he 
faid,  after  expreffing  his  thanks  to  God  that 
through  the  timely  notice  given  by  the  kind- 
S  Lad"'^^  nefs  of  that  great  lady,  the  Lady  Carlifle,  blood- 
Carlifle.     filed   had   been  prevented,   he  feems   at  once 
both  to  confirm  the  fubftance  of  Sir  William 
Coke's  ftory,  and  to  make  it  much  more  pro- 
bable by  changing  the  time  alleged  for  it,  while 
he  leaves  it  compatible  with  either  fuppofition 
as  to  the  character  of  the  previous  night's  meet- 
ing.    On  the  King's  "  return,"  he  faid,  "  the 
Rage  of     "  Queen  raged  and  gave  him  an  unhandfome 

the  Queen.         ^*~  °  ° 

'  "  name,   poltroon,  for  that  he  did  not  take 
''   others  out ;     and  certain,  if  he  had,  they 
"  would  have  been  killed  at  the  door."*     On 
the  other  hand,  when  Hobbes  fpeaks,  in  his 
Behemoth^  of  the  long  fubfequent  altercations 
between  the  Parliament   and  the   King,    and 
What       fays  that  the  perfiftent  demand  of  the  Houfe 
pher         of  Commons,   that   the  King  fhould   declare 
Hobbes     ^}^Q  ^gj.g  ^j^g  perfons  that  advifed  him  to  go, 
as  he  did,  to  the  Parliament  Houfe  to  appre- 
hend them,  had  for  it  no  other  motive  than 

*  Burton's  Diary  of  the  Parliaments  of  Cromwell,  iii.  93. 
Hafelrig's  i'peech  was  delivered  on  the  7th  February,  1658-9. 


§  XV.     Council  of  the  Night  of  o^rd  January.  141 

"  to  ftick  upon  his  Majefty  the  difhonour  of 
"  defertlng  his  friends  and  betraying  them 
"  to  his  enemies,"*  he  diftindlly  fandlions  the 
afTertion  of  Bates  that  the  a6t  was  neither  un- 
premeditated by  the  King  nor  unadvifed  by 
his  counfellors.j- 

Perhaps  the  queftion,  which  muft  after  all  be  Direaion 
left  to  a  careful  and  impartial  judgment  upon  J"  j^^j^^^^^. 
the  attendant  circumftances,    may  receive  its  motives 
not  leaft  important  illuftration  from  confideringjeas  of 
all  that  was  involved  in  that  chance  of  a  fatal  ^"empt  of 
iflue,  with  fuch  emphafis  referred  to  by  Hafelrig.  ary. 
The  turning   point   of  the   cafe  is  probably 
there  ;  and  in  what  the  undertaking  included 
beyond  its  oftenfible  pretences,  its  real  key  or 
folution  may  be  found.     It  is  ufual  to  treat 
the  attempt  which  the  King  was  now  about  to 
make,  as  an  a6b  of  raflinefs  far  tranfcending  in  Not  fo 

1*3.111   3.S 

its   danger    that   which    already    through    his  fuppofed. 
Attorney  General  he  had  made,  and  far  furpaff- 
ing  in  its  folly  all  his  other  a6ls  of  ftate  fince  his 
return ;  as  an  undertaking  which  he  never  could 
have  dared  to  fubmit  to  any  of  his  advifers,  and 

*  The  truth  was,  as  the   hiftoiian    May  has  pointed  out 
(lib.  2,  cap.  2,  p.  25),  that  in  this  demand  the  Houfe  was 
thoroughly  juftified  and  perfe6tly  regular ;  "  the  law  in  two  Demand 
**  feveral  ftatutes  providing  that  if  in  time  of  Parliament  the  for  names 
**  King  accufe  a  member  of  the  fame  of  what  crime  foever,  of  King's 
**  he   ought    to    fignify   to    the    Parliament  who   were   the  advifers. 
*'  informers." 

f  Hobbes  in  the  fame  tone  and  fpirit  adds  :  *'  The  King 
"  waved  the  profecution  of  the  5  members,  but  denied  to 
**  make  known  to  them  the  names  of  thofe  who  had  advifed 
'*  him  to  come  in  perfon  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons  to 
"  demand  them." 


142  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

an  adventure  which  necefTarily  he  muft  have 
undertaken,  if  at  all,  on  his  undivided  refpon- 
fibility.    But  does  this  view  take  fufficiently  into 
account  the  antecedent  circumftances,  the  chal- 
lenge flung  down  to  the  Houfes,  the  continued 
Pofition  of  exafperation  of  the  Citizens,  and  the  pofition  in 
after  fail?   which,  amid  a  population  already  fo  dangeroufly 
ure  of  at-  excited,  the  failure  of  the  firft  day's  enterprife 
the  3rd     had    left    the   King  ?      There    are  occafions 
January,    ^^en  what  would  ordinarily  be  the  madnefs  of 
defpair  becomes  a  courage  only  equal  to  the 
occafion.       All    the   dangers   involved   in   a 
deliberate    attack    on    the    privileges    of    the 
Houfe  of  Commons,   and  the  perfons  of  its 
Challenge  leaders,  had  now  been  incurred.    The  challenge 
bythe"^    thrown  down  had  been  promptly  taken  up, 
Commons,  and  from   it,    to   a   vifion   lefs    narrow    and 
obfliinate  than  the  King's,  there  might  well 
Difficulty  feem  no  pofTible  retreat,  confiftent  with  dignity 
or  fafety.     Let  it  be  aflumed,  as  an  ad:  of  juftice 
to  Charles  the  Firft,  that  he  honeftly  believed 
himfelf  to  be  in  pojGTeffion  of  evidence,  which, 
before  fuch  a  tribunal  as  might  be  obtained  to 
try  them,  would  bring  the  accufed  members 
certainly    within    the    penalties     of    treafon.. 
Alleged    Hyde  profefles  that  he  had  no  doubt  of  it ; 
toVupport  ^'^'^  neither,   it  is  probable,  had  Culpeper  or 
the  charge.  Falkland.*     But,  on  the  other  hand,  the  refo- 

1  *  He  is  fpeaking,  in  another  pafTage,  of  the  fears  enter- 

tained by  himfelf  and  them  that  the  attempted  arreft  might 
prove  a  difadvantage  to  the  King's  affairs.  *'  Not  that  they 
"  thought    the    gentlemen    accufed,   lefs   guilty ;    for   their 


§  XV.     Council  of  the  Night  of  2^d  January.  143 

lute  determination  of  the  Houfe  to  proted:  its 
members  interpofed  an  infuperable  difficulty, 
and  at  once  made  painfully  apparent  that  a 
falfe  ftep  had  been  taken.     This,  if  at  all  to  Falfe  ftep 
be    retrieved,   it    was    now    not  poffible    to  able ' 
retrieve  by  any  proceeding  within  the  limits  jyithm 
of  the   law.       Five   Commoners    had    been  law. 
accufed  of  treafon  before  a  tribunal  which  had 
not  the  fhadow  of  a  jurifdidion  to  try  them ; 
and  the  forms  of  the  grand  jury,  which  for 
centuries  had  Ihielded  and  proteded  the  Eng- 
lifh  fubjedl,    had   given   place  to    a    lawlefs    . 
exercife  of  the  moft  hateful  of  all  the  procefTes 
of  law    and    of   prerogative,    an    Attorney- 
General's  Ex-officio  upon  the  information  of 
the  King.     Could  anything  now  fuggefted  to  Nature  of 
meet  fuch  a  crifis  be  in  effedt  worfe,  whether  already 
by   failure   or   fuccefs,    than  what   had   thus  commit- 
diredtly  occafioned  it  ? 

Thefe  were  the  circumftances  in  which,  on  One  way 
the  night  of  the  3rd  of  January,  we  muftgrouad: 
affume   the   idea   to  have  been  ftarted,  that, 

"  extreme  difhoneft  arts   in  the  Houfe  were  fo  vifible,  that  What 
"  nothing  could  have  been  laid  to  their  charge  incredible  :  Clarendon 
"  but  the   going  through  with  it  was  a  matter  of  fo  great  thought  of 
"  difficulty  and  concernment,  that  every  circumftance  ought  the  King's 
"  to  have  been  fully  deliberated,  and  the  feveral  parts  dif-  proceed- 
"  penfed  into  fuch  hands,  as  would  not  have  fhaken  in  the  ing. 

"  execution If  the  choice  had  been  better  made, 

"  and  the  feveral  perfons  firft  apprehended,  &  put  into  dif- 
"  tin6l  clofe  cultodies,  that  neither  anybody  elfe  Ihould  have  What  he 
"  heard  from  them,  nor  they  one  from  another,  all  which  would 
**  had  not  been  very  difficult,  the  high  fpirit  of  both  Houfes  have  done 
*'  might  poffibly  have  been  fo  dejefted,  that  they  might  have  himfelf. 
"  been  treated  withal."     Hili.  ii.  183-4. 


144  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

ftrong  in  the  juftice  of  a  cafe  to  which  the 
fubtleties  and  niceties  of  law  were  no  longer 
Renewal    applicable,  the  King  fhould  go  with  the  armed 
wk"^'"^*  attendants  of  his  new  Court  of  Guard  (pro- 
means  to   vided  for  that  fpecial  occafion,  men  afterwards 
'  faid)  to  the  Houfe  next  morning,  and  himfelf 
demand  the  members  to  be  given  up  to  him. 
Objeftion  might  be  made  that  this  would  be 
but  the  repetition,  in  an  exaggerated  form,  of 
what  had  failed  that   day :     but  the  obvious 
anfwer,  that,  in  the  event  of  fuch  refiftance 
being   repeated,    means    of  counter-refiftance 
were  provided,   gives  its  diftindlive  charaAer 
to  what  the  King  now  defigned.     If  bloodfhed 
followed    upon    violence,     the    refponfibility 
would  reft  with  thofe  who  provoked  it :   nor 
Foiled       is  it  poffible  to  doubt,  that,  but  for  Lady  Car- 
t"  Jv  Car-  life's  interference,  fuch  muft  have  been  the  ifTue 
raifed.    The  whole  of  the  occurrences  of  the  paft 
three  weeks  had  gone  altogether  in  the  fame 
dire6lion  ;  and  we  have  feen  that  merely  on  the 
view  of  what  was  paffing  from  day  to  day,  a 
terror  and  foreboding  of  calamity  was  in  the 
Idea  of     hearts  of  the   moft   moderate   men.     It   was 
iniSat    hardly  a  time  when  even  the  thought  of  fuch 
ble  from    an  aft  as  the  King  was  about  to  undertake 
attempt,    could  have  arifen,  unaccompanied  by  the  pre- 
vifion  of  fome  confequences  fure  to  follow,  of 
which  the  weight  or  levity  would   wholly  turn 
upon  the  degree  of  confidence  or  fear  already 
infpired  by  the  conduft  of  the  people.    But  when 


Lady  Car 

lifle's 

warning. 


§  XV.     Council  of  the  Night  of  ^rd  January,  145 

fear  was  wifdom,  Charles  the  Firft  had  no  fear.  The  King 
We  fhall  find  that  he  ftill  to  this  hour,  and  'TJ^^ 
beyond  it,  blindly  relied  on  the  City  as  under  fear. 
the  control  of  its  loyal  Chief  Magiftrate.     He 
confefTed  afterwards    his    miftake    in    having 
been  induced  to  believe  that  the    Houfe  of 
Commons   had   now   ceafed    to    be   popular. 
Armed  bravos  and  foldiers  of  fortune  had  un- 
punifhed  drawn  their  fwords  on   the  people, 
and  "  chafed  "  and  hunted  them  in  the  public 
ways.     And  why  not  complete,  at  the  Houfe 
itfelf,  what  in  the  ftreets  had  been  thus  begun  ? 

The  change  of  position  taken   up   by  the  The  iffue 
accufed  members   on   the   fecond  day,  bears  of  vio-°" 
out  this  view  of  the  cafe,   and  fandtions  the  ^^"^^^  '• 
belief  that  the  iffue  fought  to  be  raifed  was, 
and  could  be,  no  other  than  one  of  violence.* 
The  Houfe  of  Commons  withdrew  its  mem-  reafon 
bers  at  the  approach  of  the  King,  not  becaufe  !^^y  *^^ 
•it  feared  the  King  more  than   it   feared   his  withdrew 
Attorney-General    or    his    Serjeant-at-Arms,  bei™^'"' 
but  becaufe  of  the  danger  of  a  colliiion  with 

*  Whitelock    fays   {Memorials   i.     153):     "And   divers  "White- 
"  imagined  that  if  the  five  members  had  not  received  a  fecret  lock's 
**  notice  from  a  great  court  lady,  their  friend  (who  overheard  view : 
"  fome  difcourfe  of  this  intended  aftion,  and  thereof  gave 
"  timely  notice  to  thofe  gentlemen)  whereby  they  got  out  of  „  r 

'*  the  Houfe  juft  before  the  King  came  :  otherwife,  it  was  Extent  or 
"  believed,  that  if  the  King  had  found  them  there,  and  called  "^"S^*" 
"  in  his  Guards  to  have  feized  them,  the  members  of  the  F^^ented 
♦'  Houfe  would  have  endeavoured  the  defence  of  them,  which  ^  T-n 
"  might  have  proved  a  very  unhappy  and  fad  bufmefs  ;  and  ^-^r'"^*^- 
*'  fo  it  did,  notwithftanding  that  was  prevented.  This  fudden 
"  aflion  being  the  firft  vifible  &  apparent   ground    of   the 
"  enfuing  ti-oubles." 


146  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

the    armed     men     who    accompanied     him. 

Attention  has    not  been   fufficlently  fixed  on 

Source  of  thIs  part  of  the  cafe.       Madame  de  Motte- 

f^_re-      vllle  tells  us   that  the  Queen  never  ceafed  to 

proach:     reproach  herfelf  to  the  laft  day  of  her   life, 

for  having  cafually  difclofed  what  led  to  the 

removal   of  the  members    from    the    Houfe. 

not  pre-     To  have  prevented,   not  the  King's  attempt, 

ItTemp"°^  but  the  poflibillty  of  violence  and  bloodfhed  in 

but  inter-  giving  cfFedl  to  It,  was  to  her  the  moft  bitter 

confe-  °    reproach.     *'  Never  did  he    treat    me  for   a 

quences,    f  f  moment,"  fhe  exclaimed,   "  with  lefs  klnd- 

''  nefs  than  before  It  happened,  though  I  had 

'^  ruined  him."    She  had  ruined  him,  becaufe 

unconfcloufly  fhe  had  caufed    the  betrayal  of 

his  plan  for  difabling    or    ftriking  down    his 

enemies,  in  the  Houfe  where  they  had  mortally 

aflalled  him  by  upholding  the  liberties  of  his 

people. 

There  is  no  injuftlce  to  the  King  in  the  views 

here  exprefTed.      The  Injuftlce  is  in   treating 

his  fcheme  as  a  braggart  difplay  offeree  It  was 

Previous    never  defigned  to  ufe.     The  preparations  for 

donT'^'    ^^  ^^^^    "^   ^°°    deliberately  made  to  render 

credible  any  fuch   belief.      It  was  afterwards 

clearly  proved,  and  admitted  by  Charles,  that 

on  this  3rd  of  January  means  had   been  taken 

AtWhite- to  fortify  Whitehall  with  a  confiderable  accefs 

^^'^'         of  arms  and  ammunition.     What  was  hoped, 

and  defperately  planned,  to  have  been  done  in 

City.'"    ^  t^c    City,    will    fhortly    be    revealed    upon 


§  XV.     Council  of  the  Night  of  "^rd  January.  147 

evidence  beyond  cavil  or  difpute.  So  far  back 
as  the  previous  Friday  the  31ft  of  December, 
as  will  appear  hereafter  from  what    D'Ewes  Evidence 

.         '■'■  r         •  1  •  1         /-  .of  Captain 

reveals  to  us  or  evidence  given  by  Captain  Langres. 
Langres,  orders  had  been  fent  to  the  officer  in 
command  of  the  Court  of  Guard  at  Whitehall 
to  obey  ^*  one  Sir  William  Fleming."  On  this 
very  night  while  the  fubjed  was  yet  in  debate, 
means  had  been  taken  to  obtain  afliftance  from  AfTiftance 
the  gentlemen  of  the  Inns  of  Court,  who  could  {°"sht 

^  _  '    ^  trom  Inns 

themfelves  furnifh  at  that  time  an  important  of  Court, 
military  guard,  and  whom  we  have  already  i^^w 
eager,  during  the  Weftminfter  Hall  tumults, 
to  proffer  for  the  King's  protedion  a  band  of 
500  men.*     Sir  William  Killigrew  had  been 

•  Ante,  78.     I  have  found  curious  evidence  exifting  in  the  j^nsof 
State  Paper  Office  of  the  anxiety  of  the  Court  to  render  this  force  pQu^t 
efficient  and  to  fecure  its  fervices  in  cafe  of  need.    It  is  a  Royal  Volunteer 
letter  to  the  Benchers  of  Gray's  Inn  touching  the  exercife  of  Quard 
arms,  and  is  dated  at  that  ftriking  period  preceding  the  diflblu- 
tion  of  the  Third  Parliament,  when,  to  mod  thinking  men,  the  p^  trou- 
hope  of  any  final  fettlement  without  ultimate  appeal  to  arms  jji^j  time, 
muft  firft  have  begun  to  appear  defperate.     No  one  who  ex-  Midfum- 
amines  the  State  papers  of  this  time  in  our  National  Repofi-  .^^^  1828: 
tory,  ftill  untouched  by  the  hiftorian,  can  fail  to  be  ftruck  by 
the  change  of  tone  and  attitude  taken  by  the  people.     Thus 
early  the  country  was  on  the  point  of  rebellion.     Only  faith  ^^ 
in  the  leaders  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons  kept  it  ftill.     Even  country  on 
in  a  thing  which  till  then  had  been  a  mere  matter  of  courfe —  gyg  qJ  j.p. 
the  bringing  of  State  prifoners  from  the  Tower  to  the  Courts  flftance. 
— days,  times,  and  modes  of  conveyance  had  to  be  felefted 
with  the  niceft  care  for  avoidance  of  popular  tumults  j  and 
whether  Eliot  and  Selden  were  to  be  brought  by  water  or  by 
land,  on  particular  occafions,  was  matter  of  anxious  delibera- 
tion between  the  Governor  of  the  Tower  and  the  Law  Officers 
of  the  Crown.    Thepaper  to  which  I  have  referred,  and  which  Royal 
has  never  been  printed,  is  worth  fubjoining  in  detail.     Apart  letter  to 
from  its  fpecial  hiftorical  fignificance,  there  may  be  found  in  Benchers 
it  at  the  prefent  time  an  intereft  which  makes  appeal,  yet  of  Gray's 
nearer  and  clofer,  to  that  fpirit  which  fupplies  in  all  ages  a  Inn. 

L  2 


14^ 


Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 


Kllligrew  fent  round  to  each  of  the  Four  Inns  with  copies 
with Topy  °^  ^^  articles  of  treafon,  and  with  fummons 
of  Im-  from  his  Majefty  in  each  cafe  to  be  in  waiting 
ment.        the  next  morning  at  Whitehall.      A    fimilar 

courfe  had  been  taken  alfo  with  the  Guard  at 

the  Palace. 


Defire  to 
have  all 
citizens 
exercif'ed 
in  arms. 


Defeft  to 
be  fup- 
plied,a 
want  of 
difcipline. 


Law  ftu- 
dents  not 
to  negleft 
ftudies, 
but  to 
occupy 
leil'ure  and 
vacations. 


country's  only  efficient  fafeguard, — the  patriotic  ardour,  the 
difciplined  valour,  and  the  fkill  in  arms  of  her  fons. 

"  Trufty  and  Well  Beloved  Wee  Greet  you  well.  Con- 
"  fidering  that  thefe  times  are  full  of  aftion  and  danger,  true 
*'  religion  being  now  aflaulted  in  all  parts  of  Chriftendome, 
"  our  purpofe  is  to  employ  our  beft  care  to  make  all  our 
"  fubjefts  well  prepared  by  the  exercife  of  amies  to  defend 
"  the  truth  and  our  Kingdomes,  and  to  maintaine  the  fafetie 
"  and  honour  of  Our  Nation  ;  and  becaufe  the  voluntary 
"  example  of  the  gentlemen  of  the  Innes  of  Court  will  much 
"  conduce  to  that  good  end,  Wee  therefore  will  and  require 
"  you  that  you  doe  in  our  name  recommend  vnto  them  the 
"  exercife  of  Archerie  and  Armes,  inciting  and  incourageing 
"  them  at  theire  times  of  recreation  to  employ  themfelves 
"  therein,  and  efpecially  in  horfemanfhipp,  a  commendable 
"  and  noble  exercife  and  moft  neceffarie  in  all  occafions  of 
"  Warr  wherein  other  Nations  have  gott  the  advantage  of 
"  Us.  Our  greateft  defeft  is  want  of  dilcipline  and  Knowledge 
"  therein  :  by  occafion  thereof  the  greateft  disorder  and  con- 
"  fufion  doe  ufually  happen  in  armes.  But  Wee  doe  ufually 
"  referr  it  to  every  gentleman  to  exercife,  either  on  horfe  or 
*'  foot,  what  armes  fhall  beft  fort  with  his  owne  difpofition  ; 
*'  and  Wee  will  extend  our  Royall  grace  and  furtherance  by 
"  all  fitt  waies  and  meanes  to  all  fuch  as  fhall  manifeft  their 
"  forwardnes  in  that  worke,  which  will  be  an  honour  to 
"  your  Societyes  and  a  worthie  example  to  our  Subjects. 
"  Our  meaning  is,  not  that  any  the  Students  of  our  Lawes 
"  fhould  by  this  occafion  negleft  their  ftudies,  but  that  they 
"  fhould  change  their  former  exercifes  in  time  of  Vacancie 
"  and  recreations  into  the  moft  ufefull  aflions  for  the 
"  common  good  and  defence  of  religion,  our  Royall  perfon, 
"  themfelves,  and  our  countrye.  And  Wee  will  that  you  ftiall 
"  caufe  thefe  Our  Letters  to  be  openly  read  unto  the 
"  Gentlemen  of  the  Societie,  declaring  unto  them  that  Our 
"  care  ftiall  be  duely  to  encourage  and  advance  all  fuch  as 
"  fhall  well  deferve  either  by  their  Studdies  or  the  cora- 
"  mendable  Anions  Wee  now  commend  unto  them.  Given 
"  under  our  Signet  at  our  Pallace  at  Weftminfter  the  28  of 
"  June  on  the  4th  Yeare  of  our  Raigne," 


§  XV.     Council  of  the  Night  of  ^rd  January.  149? 

Still,  even  afTuming  the  matter  to  have 
been  fo  prefented  to  the  new  Secretary  of 
State  and  the  two  Privy  Councillors  moft 
recently  fworn  to  advife  the  King,  and  moft 
deeply  interefted  in  providing  for  his  ultimate 
fafety  by  the  advice  they  gave,  all  muft  yet  be 
conjecture  as  to  the  probable  courfe  they  took. 
But  it  is  impoflible  to  exclude  from  confidera-  What  the 

^  _  new 

tion   the    fad:,    which    Clarendon    repeatedly  Minifters 
admits,  that  they  agreed  thoroughly  with  the  Jhe"|u^iit°^ 
King  as  to  the  guilt  of  the  accufed,  and  never  of  the 
placed  on  higher  grounds  than  thofe  of  "  con- 
"  venience  "  and  expediency  their  objedlion  to 
the  attempted  arreft.*     We  are  to  remember 
alfo  that  the  objedlion  was  not   publicly  ex- 


*  In  the  very  paflage  where  he  ventures  on  the  ftrongeft  What 
expreffion  of  doubt  and   apprehenfion  as  to  the  courfe  taken  Falkland, 
by  the   King  (remarking  that  he  and  his  friends,   between  Culpeper, 
grief  and  anger,  were  confounded   with  the  confideration  of  and  Hyde 
what  had  been  done  and  what  was  like  to  follow),  he   never-  would 
thelefs  thus  continues  :  "  They  were  far  from  thinking  that  have  done 
"  the  accufed  members  had  received  much  wrong  ;  yet  they  with  the 
"  thought  it  an  unfeafonable  time  to  call  them  to  account  for  Five 
"  it.     That  if  anything  had  been  to  be  done  of  that  kind,  Members: 
**  there  fhould  have  been  a  better  choice  of  the  perfons,  there 
**  being  many  of  the  Houfe  of  more  mifchievous  inclinations 
"  and  defigns  againft  the  King's  perfon  and  the  Government, 
"  and  were  more  expofed  to  the  public  prejudice,  than  the 
"  Lord   Mandeville  Kimbolton  was  .  .  .     Then  Sir  Arthur 
**  Hafelrig  and  Mr.  Strode  were  perfons  of  fo  low  an  account 
"  and  efteeni  .  .  .  that  they  gained  credit  and  authority  by 
*'  being    joined    with    the    relt,   who    had    indeed   a   great  Seized 
*'  influence.     However,  if  there  was  a  refolution  to  proceed  them 
"  againft  thofe  men,  it  would  have  been  much  better  to  have  feparately 
*'  caufed  them  to  have  been  all   feverally  arrefted,  and  fent  and  fent 
"  to  the  Tower,  or  to  other  prifons,  which  might  have  been  each  to  a 
"  very  eafily  done  before  fufpefted,  than  to   fend  in  that  different 
"  manner  to  the  Houfes  with  that  formality  which  would  be  prifon. 
"  liable  to  fo  many  exceptions." 


150  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

Objeaion  pre/Ted  until  after  the  attempt  had  iflued  in 

to  arreft  ■>  ^^  r  n  1        •  •    j 

only  after  Complete  diiafter ;  that  it  was  then  accompanied 
Its  failure,  j^y  q^^.^  ftatements  too  groffly  at  variance  with 
the  known  fadls  not  necefTarily  to  fubjed  it  to 
grave  fufpicion ;  and  that  the  very  perfon  on 
whofe  fingle  afTurance  pofterity  has  been  con- 
tent to  believe  it,   is  the  fame  whofe  pen  was 
Hyde  em-  employed  by  the  King  to  juftify  the  very  adl 
juftify  it°  objeded  to.       Within    a  few    days   after  its 
occurrence,    Hyde,  replying  in   the  name  of 
Charles  to  the  City  petition,  vindicates  it  as 
Mifrepre-  "a  gentle"  proceeding  againft  men  who  had 
oTthe       been  accufed  on  the  cleareft  grounds  of  high 
cafe.         treafon ;  for   that,    in  fuch  a  cafe,  as  it  was 
notorious  that  no  privilege  of  Parliament  could 
extend  to  treafon,  felony,  or   breach  of  the 
peace,  and  as,  in  defpite  thereof,*  the  Houfe 

"  Gentle-  *  The  anfwer  to  the  City  petition  will  be  found  in  Htji. 
nefs"  of  ii.  14.9.  "For  his  going  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  when 
King's  "  his  attendants  were  no  otherwife  armed  than  as  gentle- 
attempt  "  men  with  fwords,  he  was  perfwaded,  that  if  they  knew 
alleged  by  "  the  clear  grounds  upon  which  thofe  perfons  flood  ac- 
Claren-  "  cufed  of  high  treafon,  and  [what  would  be  proved  againft 
don.  "  them,  with  which  they  fhould  be  in  due  time  acquainted, 

"  and   confidered   the  gentle  way  he  took  for  their  appre- 
"  henfion  (which  he  preferred  before  any  courfe  of  violence, 
"  though  that  way  had  been  very  juflifiable  ;  fince  it  was 
"  notorioufly    known  that  no  privilege  of  parliament   can 
"  extend  to  treafon,  felony,  or  breach  of  the  peace),   they 
"  would  believe  his  going  thither  was  an  aft  of  grace  and 
An  aiSl  of  "  favour  to  that  Houle,  and  the  moft  peaceable  way  of  having 
favour.        "  that  neceffary  fervice  performed ;  there  being  fuch  orders 
"  made  for  the  refiflance  of  what  authority  foever  for  their 
"  apprehenfion."     It  is  difficult  to  fleer  through  the  involu- 
I  tions  of  thefe  fentences,   but  to   difcover  their  drift   is   not 

difficult.  Somewhat  later,  when  it  had  cealed  to  be  fafe  to 
urge  the  guilt  of  treafon  againft  the  accufed  as  entirely  clear 
and  capable  of  proof,  quite  another  colour  was  fought  to  be 


§  XV.     Council  of  the  Night  of  yd  January,  151 

of  Commons  had  made  order  for  refiftance  of 
the  apprehenfion  of  their  members  againft  all 
authority  whatfoever,  "  any  courfe  of  violence 
'^  had  been  very  juftifiable." 

Let  me  add  that  when  Clarendon,  fpeaking  no  privi- 
in  his  proper  perfon,*  repeats  this  argument,  Ififf^jed 
and  ftates  that  the  leaders  claimed  immunity  againft 
againft   even    regular   proceedings   upon   the 
charge  of  treafon,  he  pradifes  largely  indeed 
upon  the  carelefTnefs  or  credulity  of  his  readers. 
"  For  if,"    he    fays,  "  the  judges  had    been  Falfe  iffue 
"  compelled  to  deliver  their  opinions  in  point  ^^'^^'^• 
*'  of  law,  which  they  ought  to  have  been,  they 
"  could  not  have  avoided  the  declaring  that 
"  by  the  known  law,  which  had  been  confefled 
**  in  all  times  and  ages,  no  privilege  of  Par- 
"  liament  could  extend  in  the  cafe  of  treafon ; 
"  but. that  every  Parliament-man  was  then  in 
"  the  condition  of  every  other  fubjedl,  and  to 
"  be  proceeded  againft  accordingly." 

given  to  the  fatal   aft.     "  We  put  on,"  Charles  is  made  to  Another 
lay,  (Huft)and,  Coll.  246)  "  a  fudden  refolution  to  try  whether  fketch 
"  our  own  prefence,  and  a  clear  difcovery  of  our  intentions,  fj-om  fame 
"  which  haply  might  not  have  been  fo  well  underftood,  could  hand. 
"  remove  their  doubts,  and  prevent  thofe  inconveniences  which 
"  feemed  to  have  been  threatened  ;  and  thereupon  we  refolved 
"  to  go  in  our  own  perfon  to  our  Houfe  of  Commons,  which 
"  we  difcovered   not  till  the  very  minute  we  were  going,  the 
"  bare  doing  of  which  we  did  not  then  conceive  could  have 
"  been  thought  a  breach  of  privilege,"  &c.  &c.      William 
Lily,  charaderifmg  Charles  the  Firft's  ftyle,  defcribes  exaftly 
that  of  Clarendon  :  "  He  would  write  his  mind  fingularly  The 
"  well,  and  in  good  language   and  ftyle  ;  only  he  loved  long  King's 
'*  parenthefes."     It  is  Icarrely  neceffary  to  add,  that,  in  the  ftyle  of 
inftances  juft  quoted  at  leaft,  the  parenthefes  are  Clarendon's,  writing. 
—See  Lifcy  130-133,  •  Hiji.  ii.  193. 


to 


152  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

Indemnity      He  knew  pcrfcdly  well,  when  he  wrote  this 

fornever  Pa%e,    that  the   Houfe   of  Commons   had 

claimed :    folemnly  difclaimed  the  views  and  pretenfions 

here  attributed  to  them ;  and  that  the  real  point, 

from  which  he  always  ftudioufly  manages  to 

carry  ofFthe  attention  of  his  readers,  turns  upon 

the  breach  of  privilege  and  grofs  breach  of  all 

Method  of  common  as  well  as  conftitutional  law,  involved, 

proceed-    ^^^  jj^  charging  members  of  Parliament  with 

mg  only  .  .  ~, 

objefled     treafon,  but  in  the  mode  adopted  to  give  effedt 
to  fuch  a  charge. 

It  is  furely  no  very  harfh  afTumption,  fee- 
ing how  foon  thefe  arguments  were  reforted 
to  in  vindication,  that  fome  fuch  arguments 
might  alfo  have  been  debated  on  the  memor- 
able night  of  the  3rd  of  January,  when  it  is 
known  that  Falkland  and  Culpeper  were  cer- 
tainly with  the  King  ;    when  they  had   been 
fworn  fo  recently  of  his  Council ;  and  when 
the  queftion  was  no  longer  whether  the  rafh 
attempt  fhould  be  made,  but  whether  it  (hould 
be  wholly  abandoned  by  abandonment  of  all 
Culpeper's  further  authority.     That  Sir  Edward   Bering 
toDeilng!  ^^^  derived  from  the  new  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer,  Sir  John  Culpeper,  his  colleague 
in  the  reprefentation  of  Kent,    the    informa- 
tion  that   fhortly   before    the   Chancellorfhip 
was  conferred  upon  himfelf  it  had  been  offered 
Charles's  ^°  Py"^>  fecms    hardly  to   admit  of  doubt; 
truft  in  his  and  the  mere  fad:  of  the  new  minifters  poffeff- 
fellors?"  '  ^^g  t^^s  information,   carries  other  prefump- 


§  XV.     Council  of  the  Nighi  of  ^^d  January,  153 

tions  with  it  inconfiftent  with  the  notion  that 
they   had    failed    as    yet    to    obtain    the    real 
confidence  of  the  King.     Such  moft  certainly 
was  not  the  impreflion  at  the  time.     When  imp"ta- 
Clarendon  complains  that  himfelf,    Falkland,  againft 
and  Culpeper,  could  not  avoid  being  looked  ^^^^  ^"'^ 

ir  tr     ^  !=>  ^       hisrriends. 

upon  as  the  authors  of  thofe  counfels  to  which 
they  were  fb  abfolute  ftrangers,  and  which  they 
fo  perfectly  "  detefted  ;  "  when  he  expreffes  his 
vexation  that  they  continued  to  be  pointed  at 
as  the  "  contrivers  ;  "  he  at  leaft  exhibits  what  Believed 
was   a    prevailing    belief,    and   one   which   a  «°contri- 
partizan  and  fervant  of  the  King,  in  a  grave  ^ers "  of 
account  of  the  period,  has  diftinftly  fand:ioned. 
When,  on  the  other  hand,  in  almoft  the  fame 
page  of  his  Hiftory,  Clarendon  declares  that 
"  the  three  perfons,"  Falkland,  Culpeper,  and 
himfelf,   believed  in  the  guilt  of  the  accufed, 
and  only  thought  it  would  have  been  far  better  Their 

^  °  mode  or 

to  have  caufed  them  to  have  been  all  feverally  objeaing 
arrefted   and   fent  to  the  Tower   or  to  other  nyb/' 
prifons  (which,  he  adds,  if  every  circumftance 
had  been  fully    deliberated,    and    the   feveral 
parts  diftributed  among  fuch  hand^  as  would 
not  have  fhaken  in  the  execution,  might  have 
been  very  eafily  done),  he  fupplies  us  with  the  no  evi- 
means  of  tefting,  by  a  very  accurate  meafure,  ^Xtefta- 
the  nature  and  amount  of  "  deteftation  "  with  ^jo"  "  ^^ 
which  the  King's  a6t  had  infpired  thefe  coun- 
fellors  of  the  King.     Let  Falkland  and  Cul- 
peper have  all  the  advantage  derivable  from 


1 54  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

having  fhared,  at  one  and  the  fame  time,  the 
deteftation  at  the  ill-doing  of  it  by  the  King, 
and  the  eagernefs  to  have  had  opportunity  of 
doing  it  better  themfelves.  The  prefent  writer 
at  leaft  is  convinced  that  if  thefe  men  were  not 
but  rather  cJire6t   they  were  indirect,  parties  to  the  deed 

proof  or  "',  ^  _,-.,,, 

indireft     that  now  waited  to  be  done.     If  it  railed,  the 
tion'^^^^'  King's  ^^^^  could  not  be  more  defperate  than 
already  it  was  become.     If  it  fucceeded,  and 
Stake        the  leaders  of  the  Majority  in  the  Houfe  of 
anYloft     Commons    were    ftruck    down,    intimidation 
might  be  left  to  do  its  work  upon  their  fol- 
lowers, the  Minority  which  had  rallied  againft 
the  Remonftrance  might  be  gathered  and  rein- 
forced under  lefs  troublefome  leaders,  and  the 
Englifh  people  be  led  back  into  bondage  by 
the    very    power    which    had    effeded    their 
deliverance. 


§  XVI.     Midnight  Visit  to  the  City. 

Secretary       One   remarkable    incident   remains   to    be 

confult^no-  defcribed,  which  a  document  in  the  State  Paper 

late  with    Office   enables    me    to    eftablifh,    and    which 

°'  will  probably  be  accepted  for  irrefragable  proof 

that  at  leaft  the  King  was  in  confultation  with 

one  of  his  principal  Secretaries  of  State,  Sir 

Edward   Nicholas,    late   in  the  night   of  this 

Provifion   ■3''*^   January  ;    and   that   the  objed   of  their 

againft      deliberation   muft  have  been,  beyond  all  pof- 

next^day :  ^^^^^    qucftion,    to    provide    againft   popular 


§  XVI.      Midnight  Viftt  to  the  City.  155 

tumults  which  there  was  fpecial  reafon  to  look  and 
for  on  the  following  day,  and  to  neutralize  any  ^^^^  ^f  ' 
meafures  taken    by  the   Houfe   of  Commons  Commons 
for  defence  againft  further  and  forcible  aggref-  Guard, 
fion.     To  what  extent  the   argument  in  the 
foregoing  fedlion  receives  confirmation  from 
fuch  an  occurrence,  every  reader  will  be  able 
to  judge  for  himfelf,  and  will  be  better  able  to 
judge  corre(5lly  when  all  its  curious  circum- 
ftances  are  told. 

It  has  been  feen  that  one  of  the  laft  a6ls  of 
the    Commons   before   they   broke   up    their 
fitting  after  the  articles  of  impeachment  were 
prefented,  was  to  fend  Pennington  and  Ven  into  Order  of 
the  City  with  a  requeft  for  a  Guard  out  of  the  ^^^  ^  °'" 
Trained   Bands  under  the  immediate  order  of  Train 
the  Chief  Magiftrate.     Upon  this  being  made 
known  to  the  King,  he  thought  himfelf  ftrong 
enough  to  defeat  it  by  a  counter  warrant  to  Counter- 
the  Lord  Mayor,  and  this  was  direded  to  be  ^gned^L 
prepared  accordingly.    The  rough  draft  of  the  the  King. 
warrant  remains  ftill  among  the  Papers  of  the 
State.     It    is    in    the   handwriting  of  Under 
Secretary  Bere,  and  is  corredted  by  Secretary 
Nicholas  himfelf,  fufficing  proof  of  its  authen- 
ticity.    Such  proof,  indeed,  it  needed,  for  it  is 
in  its  terms  very  damnatory  evidence  againft  Grave  evl- 
the  King  and  the  King's  counfellors.     It  is  an  againft 
inftrudlion  to  the  Chief  Magiftrate  of  London,  ^ ^e  Court, 
not  merely    to    refufe    to    the  Commons    the 
Guard  they  had  defired,  but  in  its  place   to 


156  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

enroll  fuch  a  Guard  for  the  royal  fervice,  with 

order  for  its  immediate  employment  in  fup- 

prefling  and  difperfing  all  tumults,  diforders, 

and  affemblages  of  the  people  in  the  ftreets  of 

Order  to    the  City  ;   and  with  exprefs  inftrudion  to  it,  in 

Bands  to    cafe    perfons  fo  aflembling    fhould   refufe   to 

fire  on  the  j-gj-jj-g  ^6  their  houfes  peaceably,  to  fire  upon 

them  with  loaded  bullets. 
Inter-  Happily    for   the   King,  this  royal  warrant 

not  pub-    remained  hrutum  fulmen^    and    fees  the   light 
hfhed        £j.^  jj^  thefe  pages  :   for,  had  the  attempt  been 

until  now.  .  . 

made  to  enforce  it,  London  would  in  all  pro- 
bability have  witnefled  fuch  a  fcene  as  muft 
then  have  changed  the  entire  fubfequent  courfe 
and  aim  of  our  Englifh  Revolution.  Nor  is 
Why  not  the  caufe  which  interpofed  itfelf  to  prevent  the 
force.  attempt  the  leaft  fhriking  part  of  the  ftory. 
Near  the  paper  as  it  lies  in  our  National 
Colledlion  remains  alfo  the  letter  of  the  agent 
employed  by  Secretary  Nicholas  to  carry  it  to 
Sir  Richard  Gourney.  His  inftrudions  appear 
to  have  been  to  haften  with  it  into  the  City,  to 
fee  the  Lord  Mayor,  to  urge  upon  him  the 
neceffity  of  immediately  calling  the  Sheriffs  to 
council  (one  of  whom  was  known  to  be  as 
ftrongly  royalift  as  Gourney  himfelf ),  to  open 
and  read  it  in  their  prefence,  and  to  give  direc- 
tions then  and  there  for  carrying  it  into  effe6l. 
Reached  But  the  night  was  farther  advanced  than  in  the 
too  late,  hafte  and  eagernefs  had  been  fuppofed.  The 
clocks  at  Whitehall  had  not  kept  good  time. 


§  XVI.     Midnight  Vifit  to  the  City.  157 

Mr.   Latche  the  meflenger   found   the  Chief 
Magiftrate  in  bed,  and  Ven   and   Pennington 
had   been  beforehand  with  him.     In  a  word  Fortunate  , 
the  projedt  had  failed,  happily  for  all  involved  for  the 
in  it,  moft  happily  for  the  King.     It  is  dif-  ^^'"g- 
covered  only   now,  when  two  centuries  have 
pafled  away,  as   one  of  the   fecrets  of  what 
might  have  been  hiftory,  that  late  in  the  night  what 
of  the   3rd  of  January,  1641-2,  Charles  the  jJ^^'S^^^^^^^ 
Firft,  in  deliberation  with  his  principal  Secre-  hiftory. 
tary  of  State,  had  provided,  in  a  certain  and 
too  probable   contingency,  itfelf  the  refult  of 
an  excitement  he  was  himfelf  creating,  for  the 
firing  with  powder  and  bullet  upon  affemblages 
of  his  unarmed  fubjeds  in  the  ftreets  of  the 
City  of  London. 

Thus   ran   the  warrant :    '^  To   the   Lord  ^°Fy  °^ 

~  ^  .  ,  ,     the  war- 

"  Maior  of  London.     Right  trufty  and  well-  rant. 

*'  beloved    Counf"".      Wee    underftand    that 

"  the   House  of  Cornons  hath  fent  to    have 

"  Guard   of  the   trained   Bands  of  that   O'' 

"  Citty.      Forafmuch    as    fome    of   w*^''    faid  Reference 

"  Houfe  are  lately  accufed  of  high  treafon.  Members. 

"  Our  will  and  command  is   that  you   take 

"  efpeciall  care  that  none  of  Our  trained  bands 

*^  be  raifed  w'^'out  fpeciall  warrant  from  us, 

"  and  wee  fhall  take  in  O'  royall  care  that 

"  nothing  fliall  be    don  to    the  prejudice  or 

"  difturbance  of  O"  faid  Citty,  [w^''  we  fhall 

"  be  as  vigilant  to  keepe  in  quietnes  as  others 

"  are    to    engage   &   put   into    tumult   and 


15^  Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

"  diforder  *]  :    But  in  cafe  you  fhall  find  any 

'*  great  numbers  of  people  to  affemble  together 

*'  in  a  tumultuary  &  diforderly  manner  w"Un 

Train       '^  C  faid   Citty  or  the  liberties  thereof,  Our 

cabled  out  "  '^'^  ^^^  Command  is  that  you  then  caufe  foe 

for  the       "  many  of  O'"  trained  bands  to  be  raifed  as  you 

"  fhall   thinke  fitt,  well  armed  and  provided, 

"  and  that  you  give  order  tofupprefTe  all  fuch 

*^  tumults  and  diforders,  and  if  they  jfhall  find 

All  gath-  "  refiftance,  and  that  the  perfons  foe  affembled 

Citizens     *'  ^"aW.  refufe  to  retire  to  their  houfes  peace- 

to  dif-        cc  ably,  or  to  render  v"^felves  into  the  handes  of 

"  juftice,  that  then,  for  the  better  keepmg  of  the 

*'  peace,  and  preventing  of  further  mifcheefes, 

"  you  cofhand  the  Cap*%  Officers,  and  Souldiers 

On  refufal  "  of  our  faid  trained  bands,  by  fhooting  with 

upon.  ^^    "  bullets,   or   otherwayes,    to  fupprefie  thofe 

"  tumults,    &  deftroy  fuch  of  them  as  fhall 

"  perfift  in   their  tumultuous  wayes  and  dif- 

"  orders  :   For  which  this  fhall  be  yo'  warrant. 

"  Given,  &c.  3rd  Jan.  1641." 

And  thus  runs   the  letter  which  announced 

to  Secretary  Nicholas  the  failure  of  a  miffion 

which  fo  temperate  and  difcreet  a  minifter  muft 

in  his  heart  have  wholly  difapproved.     It  is 

Letter  of  addreffed  "  To  the  Rt.  Honorable  Sir  Edward 

^ent"!'^''' "  Nicholas,  Kn^'  Principal   Secretary    to    his 

"  Ma^''^  att  Court.      Prefent   thefe  :  "  and  is 

I  endorfed  in  cipher  by  Sir  Edward  himfelf. 

*  The  words  in  Brackets  are  interlined  in  the  handwriting 
of  Nicholas. 


^  XVI.     Midnight  Fifit  to  the  City.  159 

"  Right  Honorable, 

"  The  Clocks  att  Whitehall  laft  night  went  Whitehall 
^  to  late.     The  nighte  was  further  fpent  than  YCm6.  the^' 
'  they  fhewed.     My  Lo.    Major  was  in  his  *™^- 
'  bedd  before  I  came  thither.     Yet  I  fpake 
'  w*'^    him    &    delivered    the   Letter :     this 
'  morning  he  will  call  the  fherifFs  to  him  & 
^  open  it.     This  enclofed  is  a  copie  of  the  Antid- 
^  Order  of  the  Houfe  ^"^  was  brought  unto  deputation 
'  him   by  Alderman    Pennington  and  Capt"  *rom 
^  Venn,  who  did  much  enlarge  themfelves  in  mons. 
^  difcourfe  thereupon,  intimating  great  feares, 
^  but  kept  themfelves  in  fuch  generall  termes, 
^  as  the  Order  is,  that  their  meanings  were  not 
^  eafilie  to  be  known.     I  was  till  One  of  the  Paft  mid- 
'  clock   aboute    the    Tower,   and    found  all  "jjf^*  ^' 
'  places  very  well  guarded,  &  the  tumultuous  Tower. 
^  rout  difperfed.      If  the  King  upon  fight  of 
^  this   Order  Ihall  direcft  anything  otherwife 
'  than  laft  night,  my  man  fhall    attend    to 
'  receive  y°^  cofhaunds   &  bring  it  privatly 
'  to  me.     In  the  meanetime  I  fhall  this  morn- 
'  ing  purfue  yefterday  nighte's  diredion,  and  Any  fur- 
'  then  attend  you  w'''  an  Account  of  mv  pro-  ^^^f /•"- 

■z  7   r         'vate  com- 

'  ceedings  who  fhall  and  [ever]  remaine  mands  ? 

"  Y''  humble  fervant 

"  Strand ^k  Jan.  1641."  "JOHN  LaTCHE." 

Doubtlefs  much  was  left  unfaid  in  that 
letter,  but  what  is  faid  leaves  it  fufficiently 
clear  that  the  members  for  London  had  in- 


i6o  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members.   - 

Inferences  fplred  the  Lord  Mayor  with  a  falutary  general 

agent's      ^^^^j  whlch  they  were  careful  not  to  weaken 

letter.       by  a  too  great  explicltnefs.      So   the   Court 

emifTary  was  fain  to    betake   himfelf   to  the 

Prepara-    Tower,  to  fee  at  leaft  that  the  Guards  were 

tliTmS-    ^^^  ^"^y  ^^^  ^"^  maintained  about  the  great 

row.         fortrefs.    But  why  all  this  myftery  and  anxiety, 

why  thefe  untimely  vifits  and  alarms,  if  there 

were  not  expeded  to  arife  upon  that  January 

midnight  a   morning  fraught  with  iflues   for 

good   or    ill  of  an    unufual   and    important 

nature  ? 

Nor  did  it  indeed  fall  Ihort  of  fuch  ex- 
pedlation.  As  much  as  any  day  in  the  long 
courfe  of  our  varied  and  noble  hiftory,  did 
rableday.  this  memorable  day  of  the  4th  of  January, 
1 64 1 -2,  contribute  to  turn  the  balance  of 
events  in  favor  of  popular  freedom. 

§  XVII.     Morning  of  the  4Th  of 

January. 

Houfe  of       It  was  early  in  the  morning  when  D'Ewes 
Com-        entered  the  Houfe ;  but  Lord  Falkland  had 

mens : 

Falkland  already  reported  the  King's  reply  to  their  mef- 
Kn°g's  ^^g^  °^  ^^^^  preceding  night,  to  the  effedt  that 
meflage.  he  would  fend  an  anfwer  that  morning  before 
the  Houfe  was  fet.  Still  the  anfwer  was 
delayed,  and,  fhortly  after,  D'Ewes  took  his 
feat.  Mr.  Alexander  Rigby,  the  member  for 
Wigan,  a  lawyer  of  Gray's  Inn  who  afterwards 
fat  upon  the  trial  of  the  King,  then  rofe  and 


^  XVII.      Morning  of  the  /^th  of  January.  i6i 

made  fomefignificant  comments  on  his  Majefty's  Motion  as 

"         .  .  .  .  -^       •'       to  Kino-  s 

promifed  anfwerjin  connedlion  with  certain  mef-  tampertng 
fages  which  he  alleged  to  have  been  fent  round  o7court* 
to  the  Inns  of  Court  on  the  previous  night,  with 
copies  of  the  articles  of  impeachment,  and  with 
injundlions  to  the  gentlemen  there  *'to  be  in 
*'  readinefs  this  day  to   attend  at  Whitehall, 
"  and  to  be  ready  at  an  hour's  warning  to 
"  defend  his  Majefty's  perfon."  *    Mr.  Rigby  Four 
clofed   with   a   motion,   which   was   adopted,  ^^Mo^^e 
that  four  members  of  that  Houfe,  alfo  mem-  Four  inns. 
bers  of  the  Inns,  fhould  on  the  inftant  proceed 
thither,   and   afcertain   the  fadls    by   perfonal 
inquiry. 

Then,  purfuant  to  the  Order  of  the  previous  Grand 
day,    the  Houfe   turned  itfelf  into  a  Grand  Commit- 
Committee ;   and  Pym,  with   the  articles  of 
treafon  in  his  hand,  arofe.    He  read  the  charges 

*  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  304  b.     Ludlow  has  a  charafteriftic  The  table 
anecdote  and  illuftration  in  his  Memoirs,  (i.  21-22)  :    "  The  ^^  White- 
"  King,  finding  that  nothing  lefs  would  fatiffythe  Pari' than  )^.^\\  fg,- 
"  a  thorow  correftion  of  what  was  amifs,  &  full  fecurity  of  gentlemen 
"  their  rights  from  any  violation  for  the  future,  confidered  of  Jnns  of 
"  how  to  put  a   Hop   to  their  Proceedings :  &  to  that  end  Court. 
"  encouraged   a   great   number  of  loofe   debauched  fellows 
"  about  the  town  to  repair  to  Whitehall,  where  a  conftant 
"  table  was  provided  for  their  entertainment.     Many  gentle- 
"  men  of  the  Inns  of  Court  were  tamper'd  with  to  aflift  him 
"  in  his  defign,  and  things  brought  to  that  pafs  that  one  of 
"  them    faid    publicly   in  my    hearing — '  What !    (hall   we 
"  '  fuflFer   thefe  fellows  at   Weftminfter  to    domineer   thus? 
"  '  Let  us  go  into  the  country,  and  bring  up  our  tenants  to 
"  *  pull  them  out.'     Which  words  not  being  able  to  bear,  A  violent 
**  I  queftioned  him  for  them  ;  and  he,  either  out  of  fear  of  young 
"  the  public  juftice,  or  of  my  refentment,  came  to  me  the  lawj'er. 
*'  next  morning,  and  aflced  pardon  for  the  fame:  which,  by 
*'  reafon  of  his  youth  &  want  of  experience,  I  paffed  by." 


1 62  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

fucceffively,  admitting  frankly  that    they  ef- 

tablifhed  treafon  if  proved  :  but  he  fo  repeated 

Pym  re-     t^gm     to  that  eager  and  excited  audience,   as 

plies  to  _       •'  ^  o 

articles  of  with    the  higheft  art  of  the  orator  to  ftrike 

heavily  againft  the  Court  itfelf  with  the  very 

weapons  aimed  at  the  accufed.      "True,  Mr. 

"  Speaker,"  he  faid,  *^  this  prefent  Parliament 

"  hath  adjudged  it  treafon    to  endeavour  to 

"  fubvert  the  fundamental  laws  of  the  land." 

Allufion    No  one  could  miftake  that  allufion.     "  Sir, 

ford.         "  it  hath  likewife  been  voted  high  treafon  to 

"  attempt  to  introduce  into  this  kingdom  a 

"  form  of  government  arbitrary  and  tyrannical." 

In  what  particular  feries  of  adls  of  State  and 

of  Council,  fuch  attempt  confifted,  the  Re- 

monftrance  had  lately  fpread  and  diffufed  all 

over  the  land.     **  Sir,"  he  added,  paufing  at 

Charge  of  the  third  article  which  charged  upon  them  the 

over^thf    attempt  to  win  over  the  King's  Northern  army 

^™y  %    ^^  themfelves,  and  fo  pointedly  rewording  it  as 

ment:       to  bring  plainly  before  the  Houfe  the  recent 

proved  confpiracy  of  the  King's  fervants  to 

overawe   the    deliberations  of   Parliamient   by 

means    of  that  very  army,    "Sir,    it  is  un- 

"  doubtedly  treafon  to  raife  an  army  to  com- 

fontbk^"  *'  P^^  ^"y  Pa^^i^J^e^t  to  make  and  ena6t  laws 

than  over-  "  without   their  free  votes  and  wiUing  pro- 

liamemby  "  cccdings  therein."     A  cry  of  ftern  fatiJFac- 

a™y'       tion  broke  forth,  as  the  orator  fo    proceeded 

through  each  of  the  charges  of  treafon. 

Then,  ftill  earneftly  declaring  that  each,  if 


§  xvir.      Morning  of  the  i\th  of  January.  163 

eftablifhed,  might  well  juftify  the  laft  penalties 

of  its  high  oiFence,  with  a  fingular  vividnefs 

he    confronted  it  with  the   comment  of  the  Compari- 

particular   conduct    in    Parliament   to    which  yited.  " 

alone,  in  his  own  cafe,  it  could  poflibly  apply. 

With  fevere  fimplicity  he  confined  himfelf  to 

the  parallel  in  each  inftance,  and  he  employed 

not  an  unnecefTary  phrafe  or  word.    Thus,  as 

to  the  fecond  article,   he  faid,  that  if  by  free 

vote  to  join  with  the  Parliament  in  publifhing 

a    Remonftrance    againft    delinquents  in    the  Avows 

State ;  againft  incendiaries  between  his  Majefty  ^^^^  '^f ' 

and  his  kingdom  ;  againft  ill-counfellors,  who  Remon- 

labored  to  avert  his  Majefty's  afFedlion  from 

Parliament ;  and   againft   ill-affe(5ted   Bifhops 

for  their  innovations  in  religion,  their  oppref- 

iion  of  painful,  learned,  and  godly  minifters, 

their  vexatious  fuits   in  their   unjuft    courts, 

their  cruel  fentences  of  pillory  and  mutilation, 

their  great  fines,  banifhments,  and   perpetual  Accepts 

imprifonments — if  that  were  to  caft  afperfions  ^^^,  s^'^*^ 

•^         ,  ,  .  -t  and  re- 

upon  his  Majefty  and  his  government,  and  to  fponfibi- 

alienate  the  hearts  of  his  loyal  fubjedls,  good  '*^" 

Proteftants  and  well-affedled  in  religion,  from 

their  due   obedience  to   his   Royal   Majefty, 

then  did  he  avow  himfelf  guilty  of  that  article. 

If  it  were  to  levy  arms  againft  the  King,  he  As  to 

continued,  to  confent  by  vote  with  the  Par-  Lvymg      ^ 

liament  to  raife  a  Guard  of  Trained  Bands  to  ^™.^  „ 

fecure  and  defend  the  perfons  of  the  members  King, 

thereof,  being  environed  and  befet  with  many 

M  2 


164  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members, 

^ppre-     dangers,  then  was  he  guilty  alfo  of  that  a6t  of 

delin-       treafon.     And  further,  if  it  were  to  be  a  traitor, 

quents.      ^Q  agree  with  the  chief  Council  of  the  State 

in  apprehending  and  attaching  as  delinquents 

fuch  perfons  as  they  knew  to  be  difafFe6ted  to 

the  King's  crown  and  dignity,  to  his  wife  and 

great  Council  of  Parliament,   to  the  pure  and 

Guilty  of  fimple   dodrine   of  Chrift,    to  the   true   and 

Chrift'l"^  orthodox  government  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 

doftrine     land    as   eftablifhed   and  confirmed  by  many 

doxchurch  Ads  of  Parliament  in  the  reigns  of  Henry, 

govern-     Edward,   and  Elizabeth  Tudor,   and  of  Kin? 

ment.  •'  .  " 

James  of  bleffed  memory,  in  that  refped  alfo 
he  avowed  himfelf  to  be  guilty. 

Then,  in  conclufion,  having  thus  feparately 

contrafted,   under  the    feven  feveral  heads  of 

treafon,  his  a6lions  with  the  accufations  againft 

Judgment  him,  Pym  craved  of  the  Houfe  that  it  fhould 

from  the    further  weigh  both    refpedively  in  the  even 

Houfe.      fcales  of  its  wifdom,  and  he  doubted  not  of 

being  found  altogether  clear  of  the  crimes  laid 

to  his  charge.      He  was  refuming  his  feat  amid 

*'  Well     loud  fhouts  of  "Well  moved,"  "Well  moved," 

^^^^  '      when  he  flopped  a  moment,  again  advanced 

towards  the  Clerk's  table,  and,  while  a  fudden 

filence  fell  upon  the  Houfe,    humbly  craved 

Mr.  Speaker's  further  patience  to  offer  to  his 

A  further  confideration,    whether   to  exhibit    articles  of 

nous°^ef-  treafon  by  his  Majefly's    own   hands  in   that 

tion.         Houfe  agreed  with  the  rights  and  privileges 

thereof ;  and  whether  for  an  armed  Guard  to 


§  XVII.      Morning  of  the  \th  of  January.  165 

befet  the  doors  of  the    Houfe   during   fuch  ^^^ "°' , 

r    '  r  r      1  i  i  r   "reach  or 

accufation    of  any   of  the    members  thereof,  privilege 
were  not  a  grave  breach  of  the  privilege  of  ^J^_ 
Parliament  ?     The  laft  queftion  had  a  pregnant  mitted? 
meaning  on  the  morning  of  this  eventful  day, 
but  its  full  fio-nificance  was  ftill  to  come. 

o 

Upon  Pym  refuming  his  feat,  Hollis,  Hafel-  Hollls, 
rig,   and  Strode  rofe  afterwards  in  fuccefTion,  and  Strode 
and  in  the  brief  phrafe  of  D'Ewes,  "  protefted 'lefend 
*' their   innocency."    Strode   further  declared  feives. 
his    belief  that    the    Impeachment   was    not 
directed  againft  them  upon  any  fuppofition  of  ^^'^^^^'^ 
their  being  really  guilty  of  the  matters  charged, 
but  merely  to  compel  their  abfence  from  de- 
bate ;     and   he   warned    the    Houfe,    that   if, 
under  pretence  of  trial,  they  were  to  be  arrefted 
and  taken  thence,  they  would  never  be  pro- 
ceeded againft  legally,  but  be  fimply  by  force 
cut    off.      Hafelrig    alone    expreffly    avowed  Hafelrlg's 
that   he   was  confcious  of  that   part    of  the 
charge  on   which  the  King  folely  relied   for 
any  veftige  of  evidence  in  proof  of  it.     After 
declaring   that   anything    in  the   nature  of  a 
hoftile  attack  aimed  againft  the  privileges  of 
Parliament,  conftituted  one  of  the  worft  kinds 
of  treafon,  or  of  attempts  to  fubvert  the  funda- 
mental laws,  he  averred  that  his  a6ls,  and  thofe  Hafelrig's 

reference 

of  the  gentlemen  with  him,  'particularly  with  to  Scottifti 
reference  to  Scotland ^  had  been  in  perfedt  ac-*""^^^""* 
cordance,  upon  every  occafion,  with  votes  and 
refolutions  of  that  Houfe  ;  and  that  the  charge 


1 66  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

of  promoting  tumults   and    infurredion  was 
utterly  groundlefs. 
?eSS'^^"       Hampden  next  arofe.    His  fpeech  was  more 
flriking  ;   it  was  indeed  fingularly  impreflive  ; 
and  in   the  fragment  afcertainable  yet  of  what 
aftually  was  faid  by  the  member  for  Bucks, 
there  is  alTuredly  nothing  that  in  any  way  con- 
firms or  countenances  thofe  manifeft  interpola- 
tions in  the  publifhed  fpeech  attributed  to  him 
which  led  Mr.  Southey  to  charaflerize  it  as  an 
Juftlfies     avowal  of  flavifh  obedience !     It  might,  on  the 
contrary,  almoft  feem  as  though  his  tone  were 
expreflly  aflumed  to  render  impoffible  any  fuch 
imputation.  As  if,  in  a  fingle  fentence,  he  would 
anticipate  and  overthrow  the  whole  miferable 
doftrine  of  Sir  Robert    Filmer  and   his  fol- 
lowers,    Hampden  at    once    declared  to   the 
Houfe,  on  riling,  that  he  underftood  it  to  be 
111  and      the  fign  of  an  ill  and  a  difloyal  fubjed,  if  a 
good  and   J^^i"!  fhould  yield  obedience  to  the  commands 
loyal,  fub-  q^  ^  King  when  thefe  were  againft  the  true  re- 
ligion and  againft  the  ancient  and  fundamental 
laws  of  the  land ;  whereas  a  good  and  a  loyal 
fubjedb  was  he,  who,  to  a  King  commanding 
anything  againft  God's  true  worftiip  and  reli- 
gion, or  againft  the  ancient  laws,  denied  obe- 
dience.    One  feems  to   hear  that  calm,  clear 
Unaccuf-  voice,  troubled  and  ftiaken  with  a  pafTion  to 
emotion,    which  it  was  unaccuftomed,  in  this  plain  afTer- 
tion  of  the  doctrine  of  Refiftance. 

But  what,  then,  was  the  true  religion  ?     I 


§  XVII.     Morning  of  the  /\.th  of  January, 

find  it,  faid  Hampden,  in  my  Bible.       "  By  Where 
"  fearching  the  facred  writings  of  the    New  looked  ^" 
"  and  Old  Teftament,  we  may  prove  whether  ^of  true 

...         ,  r/^j  Jill      religion. 

"  our  rehgion  be  or  vjod  or  no,  and.  by  look- 

"  ing  in  that  glafs  difcern  whether  w'e  are  in 

**  the   right  way  or  no.     In  thefe  two  Tefta- Thetwo 

"  ments  are  contained  all  things  necefTary  to  mentT 

"  falvation  ;  and  then  only  is  our  religion  true, 

'*  when  that  it  doth  hang  upon  this  truth  of 

*'  God,  and  no  other  fecondary  means.   Neareft  The  Pro- 

*^  thereunto  cometh  the  Proteftant  religion,  as  church 

"  I  really  and  verily  believe;  teaching  us  that*"""^- 

"  there  is  but  one  God,  one  Chrift,  one  faith, 

"  one  religion,  which  is  the  Gofpel  of  Chrift 

*^  and    the    dodtrine    of    His   prophets   and 

"  apoftles.      That  other  rreligion,    therefore,  ^'^le 

"  which  joineth  with  this  dodirine  of  Church  needful  to 

"  and   His  apoftles  the  traditions  and  inven-  ^^l^^t'O"- 

"  tions  of  men,  ftrange  and  fuperftitious  wor- 

"  ftiipings,  prayers   to    the  Virgin  Mary,  to 

"  angels,  and  to  faints,  cringing  and  bowing 

"  and  creeping  to  the  altar,  cannot,  I  fay,  be 

"true,  but  is  erroneous,   nay  devilifti.     AH '^'^^'^'^^^s 

'*  which  being    ufed   and    maintained  in  theftitions 

*'  Church  of  Rome  to  be  as  neceftary  as  the '^^^*^''^' 

"  Scripture  to  falvation,  that  Church  is  there- 

"  fore  a  falfe  and  erroneous  Church,  both  in  The 

*^  dodtrine  and  difcipline — a  faife  worfliiping  church 

*^  of  God,  and  not  the  true  religion.'*  ^^^^^• 

Very  folemn  and  memorable  words  to  have 
been  fpoken  on  fuch  an  occafion,  containing  in 


An  eft  of  the  Five  Members. 

themfelves,    and   promulgating    for    all,    not 
A  creed     merely  a  creed  that  men  may  live  by,  but  a 

to  live  by  •        • 

and  die      belief  they  will  cheerfully  die  for.     It  is  given 
^°''*  to  few  among  the  fons  of  men  to  fee  the  future 

in  the  inftant,  but  Hampden  was  of  the  few. 
His  manner  at  this  eventful  time,  too,  gave 
Hamp-      added  weight  to  his  words,  which  appear  lefs 
change  of  ^°  ^^'^^  impreffed  the  lighter   members    and 
bearing.     Royalifts,  indeed,  this  particular  day,  than  the 
fudden  and  decifive  change  in  the  look  and  tone 
of  him  who  uttered  them.      The  mildnefs  had 
for    ever    pafled    away.      A   fixed    and  ftern 
refolution  had   replaced  the    old   conciliatory- 
bearing,  and  now  truly  might  his  enemies  fee, 
what  Sir  Philip   Warwick    tells  us  the  fcurf 
Secrets  of  commonly  on  his  face  fhowed  plainly  enough,* 
that  beneath  the  quiet    and  feeming  pafTion- 


ter  re- 


vealed, igfg  felf-control  which  he  was  able  ordinarily 
to  afTume,  lay  a  very  fharp  and  acrimonious 
temper  of  the  blood. 

Waiting        They  might  have  difcovered  or   fufpedted 

IS  ime.    j^  before.     If  Hampden  had    not   until  now 

aflumed  this  uncompromifing  tone,  if  he  had 

not  earlier  fpoken  thus,   it    was  fimply  that 

before  now  the  need   had  not   fhown   itfelf. 

Charges    and  the  time  for  fo  fpeaking  had  not  come. 

and  ^  ^    Clarendon  charges  him  with  begetting  many 

D'Ewes.    notions  the  education  of  which  he  committed  to 

*  In  fpeaking  of  his  death  at  Chalgrove.  The  hurt,  Sir 
Philip  fays,  was  not  in  itfelf  mortal  j  but  it  was  rendered  fo 
by  the  acrimonious  condition  of  his  blood,  "  as  the  fcurte 
"  commonly  on  his  face  (hewed." — Memoirs,  239. 


§  XVII.      Morning  of  the  ^th  of  January.  i6^ 

other  men,  and  with  leaving  his  own  opinions 
with  thofe  from  whom  he  pretended  to  learn 

and  receive  them.*"     D'Ewes  attributes  to  him'!  Serpen- 

1-11  *'"^  *""" 

a  "  lerpentme  fubtlety  "  which  brought  any-  tlety." 

thing  to  pafs  that  he  defired,  and  "  did  ftill  put 

"  others  to  move  thofe  bufineifes  that  himfelf 

1    >  T>  1     r    ■  r  Imperfect 

*'  contrived.'  j     But    thefe,  as  on  a  former  and  preju- 
occafion   has   been  pointed  out,  are   the    im-  ^^^  _ 
perfe(5l  and  prejudiced  judgments  of  a  characfler  ments. 
whofe  very  flrength  of  felf-reliance,  felf-con- 
tainment,  and  filence,   invited   that   kind    of 
mifconftrudlion.     Upon  no  man  of  this  great 
period,  I  would  repeat,  are  fo  unmiftakeably 
impreffed   the   qualities  which  fet    apart   the 
high-bred  Englifh  gentleman,  calm,  courteous,  y^^^^ , 

•  r  ^r        rr  %   •  ■  i  r      r-       Hampden 

reticent,   lelr-poirellecl ;  yet  with  a  perfuafive  was. 
force  fo  irreliftible,  and  a  will  and  energy  fo 
indomitable,  lying  in  thofe  filent  depths,  that 
all  who  came  within  their  reach  came  alfo  under 
their  control. 

Thefe  are  qualities  which  no  craft  however 
dexterous,  and  no  fubtlety  the  moft  ferpentine, 
can  in  any  manner  or  degree  fupply.     When 
Clarendon,  after  taxing  even  his  ingenuity  to  Admji- 
draw  a  bill  of  indidlment  againft  Hampden,  ckren- 
ends  by  fpeaking  of  him  as  not  only  a  very  ^on. 
wife  man  and  of  great  parts,  J  and  who  laid  his 
defigns  deepefl:,§  but  who  had  a  great  fagacity 

*  HiJI.  iv.  92—93.  §  Hi^.  i.  323. 

t  Harl.  MSS.  163,  f.  691  b. 
I  Hij}.  iv.  91. 


1 70  Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

in  difcerning  men's  natures  and  manners,  and 

was  pofTefled  with  the  moft  abfolute  fpirit  of 

popularity,  that  is,  the  moft  abfolute  faculties 

to  govern   the   people,  of  any   man   he  ever 

Higheft     knew  ;  *  he  afligns  to   him  the   higheft  form 

ftatefman.  of  power  a  ftatefman  can  poffefs.     The  richeft 

^'P-         gifts  are  wafted  in  that  diredlion,  wanting  this. 

To  make  the  fpoils  of  differing  intelledls  its 

own,  to  draw  ftrength  from  the  weakneffes  of 

men,  to  aflimilate  the  moft  varied  experiences, 

to  render  every  mind  it  touches  tributary,  is  to 

have  that  which  the  utmoft  accompliftiment  in 

eloquence,  in  learning,  or  in  public  affairs  will 

A  leader    fail  to  give,  and  which  conftitutes  pre-eminently 

andeover-      i      j  j  r 

nor  of       ^  leader  and  governor  or  men. 

men.  Nor  was  it  that! any  lefs  fupreme  temper, 

or  inferior  felf-command,  had  appeared  in 
Hampden  as  he  repelled  the  King's  charge 
of  treafon,  but  fimply  that  what  before  was 
not  called  for  had  become  neceffary  now,  and 
as  the  occafton  rofe  he  rofe  along  with  it. 
After  the  accufation  of  Treafon,  fays  the  hif- 

Change  in  torian   of  the  Rebellion,   Mr.   Hampden  was 

weU  as^      much  altered;  his  nature  and  carriagef  feeming 

*  Hijl.  iv.  91-92.  Again  (ii.  15)  he  fays  of  him  :  "He 
"  hath  been  mentioned  before  as  a  man  of  great  underftanding 
**  and  parts,  and  of  great  fagaclty  in  difcerning  men's  natures 
*'  and  manners  ;  and  he  muft  upon  all  occafions  ftill  be 
"  mentioned  as  a  perfon  of  great  dexterity  and  abilities,  and 
Equal  to  "  equal  to  any  trult  or  employment,  good  or  bad,  which  he 
anything.    "  was  inclined  to  undertake." 

f  This  is  undoubtedly  Clarendon's  word,  though  Mr. 
Hallam  ftrangely  mifquotes  it  as  "  courage."  Conft.  Hiji.  ii^ 
127. 


§  xvir.     Morning  of  the  \th  of  January.  171 

much  fiercer  than  before.     So  alfo  did  he  fay  Hampden 

/-  •       1         1  r  11         11  T»  arteraccu- 

of  Hampden's  friend  and  fellow-labourer  rym.  ration  of 
From  the  time,  too,  of  his  being  accufed  of '"^^°"* 
high  treafon  by  the  King,  he  never  entertained 
thoughts  of  moderation,  but  always  oppofed  ^'^   , 

„      ^  r  J  ^       /\  thoughts 

all  overtures  or  peace  and  accommodation.*  of  mode- 
They  both  faw,  what  men  of  fuch  fagacity  could  "^^^^^ 
now  hardly  fail  to  fee,  that  the  armed  ftruggle 
was  at  hand,  that  it  muft  be  fought  out  to  its 
laft  ifTue,  and  that  when,  in  defence  of  the  Law 
and  Religion  they  fo  prized,  the   fword  was  No  com- 

/>     1  1         1  n    1       n  promile 

once  drawn,  the  fcabbard  muft  be  flung  away,  poffible. 

And  fo,  to  the  clofeofwhatyet  remained  of 
the  lives  they  had  given  up  freely  to  their  coun- 
try, thefe  great  men  went  in  perfedl  harmony  a  memo- 
together.     They  fhared  the  fame  beliefs  and  f^^^^^j. 
purpofes,   the   fame  hopes  and   refolves,   the  ftiip. 
fame  enemies  and  friends,  in  common  to  the 
end.    Nor  was  it  otherwife  than  well,  remarked  Remark 
Hampden  to  Hyde  when  they  next  met  in  '^    ^  ^" 
the  Houfe  after  the  incidents  of  this  4th  of 
January,  that  himfelf  and  Pym  fhould  hereafter  Advan- 
know  who  were  their  friends.     The  trouble  k,fowing 
which  had  befallen  them   had   at   leaft   been^'}^'^, 
attended  with  that  benefit ;   and  he  faid  alfo, 
"very  fnappifhly"  adds  Mr.  Hyde  (an  ex- 
preflion  that  reveals  himfelf  if  it  fails  to  exhibit 

*  Hijl.  iv.  441.     In  another  paflage  he  fays  of  Pym  that  Pym 
**  though  in  private  defigning  he  was  much  governed  by  Mr.  greateft  in 
**  Hampden,  yet  he  feemed  to  all  men  to  have  the  greateft  Houfe  of 
*•  influence    upon  the    Houfe  of   Commons   of  any    man."  Commons. 

iv.  438. 


172.  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

Mr.  Hampden),  that  he  well  knew  Mr.  Hyde 
had  a  mind  they  fhould  both  be  in  prifon.* 

Such,  however,  was  not  the  mind   of  the 

Houfe  of  Commons.      Undaunted  amid  the 

Confe-      perils  that  furrounded  them,  they  at  once  re- 

thriJl^d?  ^o^ved,  upon  the  laft  of  the  accufed  members 

demanded,  refuming  his  feat,  to  defire  a  conference  with 

the  Lords  to  acquaint  them  that  a  fcandalous 

paper  had  been  publifhed,  and  to  require  their 

help  in  inftituting  inquiry  who  were  the  authors 

Impeach-  and  publifhers  of  the  faid  fcandalous  paper, 

nouncedasto  the  end  that  they  might  receive  condign 

a  lean-      punifhment,     and     the     Commonwealth    be 

dalous         ^  / 

paper.  fecured  againfl:  fuch  perfons.  Th^  fcandalous 
paper  was  the  Articles  of  Impeachment  which 
the  King  had  publiilied  by  the  hands  of  his 
Attorney-General. 

*  This  anecdote  is  in  Hyde's  Life,  (i.  103),  and  his  mode 
of  telling  it  is  ftill  to  mix  up  with  it  a  purpofed  and  deliberate 
mifreprel'entation   of  the  real  matter  in   ifTue.       "  Though 
"  they,"  he  lays,  referring  to  Hampden  and  Pym,   "  had  a 
Hampden    "  better  opinion  of  his  dilcretion  than  to  believe  he  had  any 
and  Pym    "  Ihare  in  the  advice  of  the  late  proceedings,  yet  they  were 
as  to  "  very  willing  that  others  fhould  believe  it ;  and  made  all  the 

**  difcre-     "  infufions  they  could  to  that  purpofe  amongft  thofe  who  took 
tion  "  of  *  "  their  opinions  from  them :  towards  which  his  known  friend- 
Mr.  Hyde.  "  Ihip  with  the  Lord  Digby  was  an  argument  very  prevalent : 
"  and  then  his  oppofing  the  votes  upon  their  privilege    had 
"  inflamed  them  beyond  their   temper ;   infomuch    as    Mr. 
"  Hampden  told   him    one  day,  that  the  trouble  that  had 
"  lately  befallen  them  had  been  attended  with  that  benefit, 
"  that  they  knew  who  were  their  friends :    and  the   other 
"  offering  to  fpeak  upon  the  point  of  privilege,  and  how 
**  monftrous  a  thing  it  was  to  make  a  vote  fo  contrary  to  the 
"  Snap-      *'  known  law,  he  replied  very  fnappifhly,  'that  he  well  knew 
pifhnefs "    "  '  he  had  a  mind  they  fliould   be  all  in  prifon  ;  '  and  fo 
of  Mr,         "  departed  without  flaying  for  an  anfwer,"     Hampden  might 
Hampden,  well  turn  upon  his  heel  and  move  filently  away,  for  reafons 
far  other  than  thofe  imputed  to  him. 


§  XVI r.     Morning  of  the  \th  of  January,  173 

Another  objedl  of  the  Conference  (of 
which  Fiennes,  Glyn,  the  younger  Vane,  and 
Hotham  were  named  managers),  D'Evves 
adds,  was  to  call  immediate  attention  to  the 
King's  Guard  at  Whitehall,  as  not  the  lefs  alfo 
"  a  breach  of  our  privilege,"  and  interruption  ^^. 
to  the  freedom  of  debate.  This  is  the  firft  Guard  an 
hint  he  gives  of  any  immediate  alarm ;    and  |?^^""P- 

o  y  _  '  tion  to  tree 

though  there  is  little  doubt,  as  will  fhortly  ap-  debate, 
pear,  that  Pym  had  received  notice  the  previous 
night  of  fome  fpecific  and  violent  defign  in 
contemplation,  he  was  not,  as  it  would  feem, 
made  aware  of  the  King's  refolve  to  take  part 
in  it  himfelf.*  Clarendon  fpeaks  of  a  com- 
pofednefs  appearing,  during  the  events  of  this  Com- 

,     1  1      J  .        I  f.  pofednefs 

remarkable  day,   m  the  countenances  or  many  of  the 

who  ufed  to  be  difturbed  at    lefs    furprifing  if^ders  of 
11-111/-  f   ,.    °  the  Corn- 

occurrences  ;  and  this  doubtlels  was  an  mdica-  mons. 

tion  that  the  Houfe  generally  had  been  placed 

upon  its  guard.      But  its  forced  calmnefs  was 

put  to  fevere  tefts.     "  It  was  now  generally 

"  declared,"  fays  D'Ewes,  "  that  there  was  a 

"  great  confluence  of  armed  men  about  White-  Gather- 

*'  hall,    and   that   between    thirty    and    forty  arSed 

"  canoneers  went  yeflernight  into  the   Tower  "?^""^^'' 

*'  at  ten  of  the  clock.     Alfo  that  the  Hamlet 

"  men,    who    were   to   be   ordinary   warders 

"  there,  had  no  arms  given  them :  but  that 

*'  the  Bifhops'  men  were  well  armed. f     Mr. 

*  Hlft.  ii.  J28. 

t  Harl.   MSS.    162,  f.  304  b.      Ten   of  my  Lords  the 


174  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 


Pym         <c  Pym  moved  that  we  might  fend  notice  of 

deputation  "  thefe  feveral  informations  and  dangers  into 

to  City.     <c  the  city,   to  the   Lord   Mayor,  Aldermen, 

"  and  Common  Council  there  aflembled,  and 

"  to  let  them  know  in  what  danger  the  Par- 

"  liament  was :   all  which  was  ordered  accord- 

"  ingly."*     And,  for  execution  of  the  order. 

Alderman  Sir  Thomas  Soame  wasjoinedto  the 

two  members,  Pennington  and  Ven,  who  had  fo 

ably  difcharged  themfelves  of  the  meffage  of  the 

Houfe  on  the  preceding  day  ;  ^'  and  they  were," 

Deputa-     fays  D'Ewes,  "  fent   inftantly  away  into  the 

parts/'     City."     In  fuch  hafte,  indeed,  that   a  material 

point  was  forgotten.     "  After  they  were  gone 

"  out,  Mr.  Peard"  (the  fame  who  moved  the 

printing  of  the  Remonftrance)  "  was  fent  after 

"  them,  to  require  them  to  let  no  man  know 

No  man     ft  their  errand  till  they  came  into  the  City."f 

its  errand.      Still  there  wcrc  members  anxious  that  more 

fhould  be  done,  as  the  rumour  of  what  was 

preparing  in  Whitehall  took  more  and  more 

palpable  fhape.     "  Mr.  Nathaniel  Fiennes  and 

Alarm      <'  Others,"   fays  D'Ewes,  *'  moved  that  fome 

creafmg.    "  members  of  this  House  might   be  fent  to 

"  obferve  what  numbers   of  armed  men  were 

"  about  Whitehall,  and  to  know  by  what  au- 

"  thority  they  were  aflembled  there  :  but  this 

Adjourn-  "  Order  was  not  fully  agreed  upon,  when  we 

mentfor    cc  adjourned  the  Houfe,  about  12  of  the  clock. 


an  hour. 


Bifhops,  it  will  be  remembered,  were  at  this  time  lodged, 
with  of  coiirfe  all  due  attendance,  in  the  Tower. 
•  Harleian  MSS.  162,  f.  305  b.  t  lb. 


^  XVIII.     Betrayal  of  the  Secret.  175 

"  till  one  of  the  clock  in  the  afternoon — for  an 
"  hour's  fpace." 

§  XVIII.     Betrayal  of  the  Secret. 

Momentous  was  the  hour  during  which  A  mo- 
the  Houfe  thus  adjourned  its  fitting,  for  within  IJIJ^rval! 
that  brief  fpace  all  the  King's  intention  was 
betrayed.     Up  to  the  time  of  the  adjournment, 
grave  as  were  the  caufes  of  alarm,  and  the 
grounds  for  expedling  fome  adt  of  violence,  the 
circumftance  which  gave  its  utmoft  gravity  to 
the  outrage  contemplated  does  not  appear  to 
have  been  in  any  degree  fufpefted  even  re- 
motely.    But  now  it  was  that  Lady  Carlifle  Lady  Car- 
managed   to   convey  to  Pym  that  the  King  trays  all 
meant  to   put  himfelf  at   the   head  of  thofe  ^^  ^7™* 
Whitehall  defperadoes,  and  in  perfon  to  de- 
mand, and  if  neceffary  feize,  the  accufed  mem- 
bers as  they  fat  in  their  places  in  the  Houfe  of 
Commons.    D'Ewes  tells  us  that,  "  this  day  at 
"  dinner,"*  the  five  members  alfo  received  a 
fecret  communication  of  the  King's  intention  Private 
from  the  Lord  Chamberlain  of  the  houfehold,  fVorn  i!ord 
Lord    Eflex,    with   advice   that   they    fhould  ^^^x- 
abfent  themfelves. 

Neverthelefs  that  does  not  appear  to  have 
been  their  firft  intention.     The  Speaker   re-  Houfe  re- 
fumed  his  chair,  fays  D'Ewes,  between  one  and  half-paft  * 
two  o'clock,  and  the  four  feleded  members  who,  °"^- 

♦  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  306  b. 


176  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

by  order  of  the  Houfe  in  the  morning,  had  been 

difpatched  to  the  Inns  of  Court,  rofe  and  made 

Report      \ix\d  report  of  their  miflion.      Mr.   Richard 

iroin  Inns  -^ 

of  Court.  Brown,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  the  member  for 
Romney,  ftated  "  that  he  had  done  the  mef- 
"  fage  of  the  Houfe  to  the  gentlemen  of  that 

Lincoln's  fc  fociety,  whofe  anfwer  was,  that  they  had  at 
"  firft  gone  to  the  Court  laft  week  only  upon 
*'  occafion  of  a  report  brought  to  them  that 
"  the  King's  perfon  was  in  danger :  That 
"  yefternight  they  had  received  a  meffage  from 
"  his  Majefty  by  Sir  W"'*  Killigrew  and  Sir 
<c  -yy-m.  pieming,  that  they  fhould  keep  within 

King's      fc  this  day,  and  be  ready  at  an  hour's  warning 

meflage  to        t  1  •     tv  /r   •    n        n         1  j     1  r  r 

be  in         "  ir  his  Majelty  mould  have  occafion  to  ule 

th^^T^^^    "  them  :   That  they  brought  likewife  a  paper 

*'  of  articles    to  them,    by  which    the    Lord 

"  Mandeville  and  five  members  of  the  Houfe 

*^  of  Commons  were  accufed  of  High  Treafon  : 

"  That  they  had  only  an  intent  to  defend  the 

*^  King's  perfon,  and  would  likewife  to  their 

Asprompt  cc  uttcrmoft  alfo  defend  the  Parliament,  being 

to  Com-    ^'notable  to   make  any   diftindlion   between 

mens,        <c  King  and  Parliament :   And  that  they  would 

"  ever  exprefs  all  true  affedion  to  the   Houfe 

*^  of  Commons  in  particular."     Mr.  William 

Same  from  ^llis,  of  Gray's  Inn,  the  member  for  Bofton, 

Grsv  s  •'J  7 

Inn.         next  rofe,  and   "  made  the  like  relation"  from 
I  that  fociety.     So,  from  the  Inner  Temple,  did 

From  In-  ]y[j..  Roger  Hill,  member  for  Bridport,  and  who 

ner  Tem-  ^  ^     ^  ^       _ 

pie.  fat  afterwards  in  judgment  on  the  King.  And 


§  XVIII.     Betrayal  of  the  Secret.  177 

fo,  finally,  did  Mr.  Philip  Smith,  member  for  and  from 
Marlborough,  report  from  the  Middle  Temple ;  Temple, 
with  the  difference  that  this  Society  fent  their 
reply  in  writing,  and  defired  it  fhould  be  added 
that  their  intention  to  defend  the  King's  perfon 
was  no  more  than  thev  were  thereunto  bound 
by    the   oaths   of  allegiance    and    fupremacy. 
*'  With  which  feveral  anfwers  from  the  Inns 
**  of  Court,"  D'Ewes  adds,   the  Houfe  refled  The 
exceedingly  well  fatiffied.  tiffied! 

Then  rofe  Nathaniel  Fiennes,  and,  in  proof 
that  the  royal  meffages  to  the  learned  focieties 
juft  related  were  but  part  of  a  fcheme  which  was 
under  the  fame  direction,  and  which  depended 
for  its  execution  on  the  armed  affemblages  in  Armed 

•  d 

the  vicinity  of  the  Houfe,   "  made  relation  gathering 
*'  that  he  had  been  at  Whitehall,  and  had  afked  nearer. 
**  of  one  of  the  officers  by  what  authority  they 
**  were  there  affembled,  who  anfwered  that  they 
"  were  commanded  to  obey  Sir  W"*  Fleming 
**  in  all  things  that  he  fhould  enjoin  them." 
The  member  for  Banbury  was  flill  fpeaking  Re-en- 
when  Pym,  Hampden,   Hollis,  Hafelrig,  and  the^Five 
Strode  entered  and  took  their  feats,  where-  Members, 
upon  the  Speaker  diredted  it  to  be  entered  in 
the  Journals  that  they  had  done  fo.* 

Communication     was    now    made   to   the  The  Secret 
Houfe  of  the  fecret  intelligence  received,  and  '^^^•={0^^'* 

.  °  'to  the 

then  followed  a  debate,  brief  and  prefling,  but  Houfe. 

*  See  Common^  Journals,  ii.    368,  where  the   entry  ftill 
ftands. 


lyB  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

on  which  hung    certain    iffues  by  which  the 
future  deilinies  of  England  were  probably  de- 
accufed*^^  tcrmined.     Should  the  accufed  retire,   or  wait 
retire  or     the  King's  arrival  ?     Pym,  Hollis,  and  Hamp- 
den,   confcious    of  all  the  danger,   appear  to 
have  been  for  quitting  the  Houfe,  Hafelrig  and 
Strode  for  remaining  ;  and  the  dffentients  were 
ftill  urging  reafons  againft  retreat  while  yet,  as 
they  argued,  no  poiitive  knowledge  was  before 
them  of  a  neceflity  for  abrupt  departure,  when 
A  new      a    new    adlor   came    fuddenly    on    the   fcene. 
the°fcene   ^^^^^^^^^^  with  the  exertion  he  had  made  to 
reach  the  Houfe  rapidly,  to  which  end  he  had 
even  clambered  over  the  roofs  of  neighbouring 
buildings,*there  appeared  at  the  door  a  friend 
of   Nathaniel  Fiennes,  an  officer  of   French 
birth   fettled  in  England,  by  name  Captain 
Hercule  Langres.      Fiennes  left  his  feat,  ex- 
changed fome  hafty  words  with  the  unexpected 
vifitor,  and   immediately  paffed   up   to    Mr. 
Lenthal     Speaker's  chair  :  upon  which  Lenthal  rofe  and 
Khi^^'r^^  abruptly  told  the  Houfe,  now  a  fcene  of  ex- 
approach,  traordinary  excitement,  that  the  King  already 
had  left  Whitehall    at  the  head  of  a   large 
company  of  armed  men,  and  was  approaching 
Weftminfter  Hall. 

Chronicler  *  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  310  b.  Heath  fays  {Brief  Chronicle, 
Heath,  p.  39)  that  Langres  was  a  fervantof  the  QjJeen.  He  declares 
alfo  that  the  accufed  members  were  not  able  to  get  into  the 
City  on  the  night  of  the  attempted  arreft,  fuch  was  the  excite- 
ment prevailing ;  and  that  they  lay  hid  all  that  night  in  the 
King's  Bench  Court,  and  did  not  find  refuge  in  the  City  till 
next  day.  But  nothing  that  Heath  fays  is  worthy  of  credit 
unlefs  well  corroborated  by  better  teftimony. 


^  XIX.     'ithe  King^s  Approach  to  the  Houfe.  179 

This  clofed  debate.     The  motion  before  the  ^P^^^  ^^ 

Five 

Houfe  had  been,  that,  confidering  there  was  an  Members 
intention  to  remove  five  of  their  members  by  t^em-*^"*^ 
force,  to  avoid  all  tumult  let  them  be  com-  Selves. 
manded  to  abfent  themfelves  :  but  the  motion 
now  fubftituted,  and  at  once  affirmed,  was  that 
the  Houfe  give  their  members  leave  to  abfent 
themfelves,  but  enter  no  order  for  it,     "  It  was 
"  a  queftion,"  Hafelrig  afterwards  faid,  "  if  we 
**  fhould  be  gone;  but  the  debate  was  jfhortened, 
"  and  it  was  thought  fit  for  us,  in  difcretion, 
"  to  withdraw.     Away  we  went.     The  King  Away  to 
"  immediately  came  in,  and  was  in  the  Houfe  ^}^^  ^'^^ 

•'  by  water. 

"  before  we  got  to  the  water.*  "     Not,  how- 
ever, until  violence  had  been  ufed.    For,  even 
then.  Strode,  "  crying  out  that  he  knew  himfelf 
"  to  be  innocent,  and  that  he  would  ftay  in  the 
"  Houfe  though  he  fealed  his  innocency  with  strode  re- 
"  his  blood  at  the  door,"t  had  to  be  dragged  f'^^'  ^"^^  , 

'     '  DO        IS  dragged 

bodily  out  by  his  friend  Sir  Walter  Earle,  and  out. 
placed  in  the  barge  which  had  been  haftily  pro- 
vided, and  was  in  waiting  at  the  Weftminfter 
flairs. 
§  XIX.     The  King's  approach  to  the 
House. 

Meanwhile  Charles  and  his   companions  The 
had  well-nigh  reached  the  lobby  of  the  Houfe  attS 
of  Commons.  ants. 

In  the  declaration  of   breach  of  privilege 

*  Burton's  Diary,  iii.  93. 
t  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  306  b. 

N  2 


I  So  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

As  to  their  fubfequently  ifTued,  it  is  ftated  that  the  number 

number  -        ^      ,  .  , 

and  arms :  of  armed  men  who  accompanied  the  Kmg  was 
five  hundred  :   nor  does  the  King,  in  his  reply, 
difpute  this,  though  he  alleges  that  his  own  atten- 
dants were  no  otherwife  armed  than  as  gentle- 
men with  fwords.     The  remark  pointed  only 
to  his  immediate  Guard  and  Pensioners  ;  but 
nothing  was  afterwards  more  diftindly  proved 
than  that  the  bulk  of  the  force  who  followed  car- 
ried fire-arms  as  well.     Here  are  the  witnefTes. 
Teftlmony      Sir    Ralph   Verney   flates,   that,  befide  his 
Ralph       ufual  Guard  and  all  his  Penfioners,  his  Majefly 
Verney;     ^^g  attended  by  two  or  three  hundred  foldiers 
of  Rufii-    and  gentlemen.*     Rufh worth  makes  the  fame 
worth:      diflindiion   between   the  royal  guard  of  pen- 
fioners and  halberdiers,  and  the  mifcellaneous 
company  who   followed,   and  who   conftituted 
the  famous  (or  infamous)  Whitehall  Guard,of 
commanders,  Reformadoes,j-    and  foldiers    of 
ofLud-     fortune,  j:      Ludlow,  who  might  himfelf  have 
been  (and  probably  was)  an  eye-witnefs,   fays 
that  Charles  went  attended  not  only  with  his 
ordinary  guard  of  penfioners,  but  alfo  with 
thofe  defperadoes  that  for  fome  time  he  had 
.entertained   at  Whitehall,    to  the  number  of 
three  or  four  hundred,  armed  with  partizans, 
mas  May :  fwords,   and  piflols.^     May,  alfo  a  good  au- 

j  *  Notes,  p.  138. 

Refor-  f  A  Reformado  was  an  officer  of  a  company  difbanded, 

madoes.       but  whofe  own  ferviccs  had  been  retained  as  ftill  belonging  to 
the  regiment  of  which  his  company  had  formed  part. 
X  Hiji.  Coll,  part  III.  i.  4.77.  §  Memoirs,  i.  24.. 


§  XIX.      'The  King^s  Approach  to  the  Houfe.  i8i 

thority,  puts  down  "  the  gentlemen  foldiers 

"  and  others  armed  with  fwords  and  piftols  " 

who   were    in    immediate    attendance   on   the 

King,  at  the  number  of  about  three  hundred.* 

The  wife  of  Colonel  Hutchinfon,  implicitly  to  of  Mrs. 

be  trufted  as  a  witnefs,  vouches  likewife  for  the  (^^  ^ 

numbers  that  attended  Charles  as  not  lefs  than 

four  hundred  armed  gentlemen  and  foldiers. f 

D'Ewes,  who  fhows  the  reverfe  of  any  wifh  and  of 

to  exaggerate  the  circumftances,  defcribes  the 

attendant  company  as  compofed  of  "fome  offi- 

"  cers  who  ferved  in  his  Majefty's  late  army  and 

"  fome  other  loofe  perfons,  to  the  number  of 

"  about  fome  four  hundred.":}:  Yet  Clarendon,  Clarendon 

writing  at  a  time  when  he  had  little  need  to  d°as'^all : 

fear  contradidlion,  has  the  inconceivable  affur- 

ance  to  afk  even  his  readers  to  believe,  that  it 

was  "  viftble  to  all  men  that  the  King  had  only  relating 

"  with  him  his  Guard  of  halberdiers,  and  fewer  u  ^jj-^ie 

"  of  them   than  ufed  to  go  with  him  upon^o^^^-" 

**  any  ordinary  motion  ;  and  that  fewer  of  his 

"  gentlemen  fervants  were  then  with  him,  than 

"  ufually  attended  him   when   he  went  but  to 

"  walk  in  the  park,   and  had  only  their  little 

"  fwords  !  "  § 

But  let  us  further  hear  Captain  Slingfby  on  • 
this  point,  which  goes  indeed  to  the  root  of  siing%'s 

,  -jTrr  •  •  T«         •  1      account  to 

the  matter.      Writmg  to  rennmgton  on  thepenning- 


*  Hijl,  lib  ii.  cap.  ii.  21. 

•f-  Col.  Hutchinfon's  Memoirs,  76. 

I  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  306  a.        §  HiJl.  ii.  137-138. 


l82 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 


White 
hall 


Terror 
and 


ton:         6th  of  January,*   the  fecond   day  after   the 

aiy.     "    attempted  arreft,  he  makes  fpecial  mention  of 

'^  the  multitude  of  gentry  and  foldiers  that  had 

"  lately  flocked  to  the  Court."     Never  in  his 

life,  he  remarks,  had  he  feen  it  fo  thronged  as  it 

Armed      then  was  :  and  the  effeft  had  been  to  fuch  an  ex- 

whS-^*   tent  to  terrify  the  Citizens,  that  they  no  longer 

appeared  about  Whitehall,  from  apprehenflon  of 

the  rough  entertainment  they  were  like  to  receive 

if  they  came  again.     But,  he  fays,  after  thus 

defcribing   the   armed   crowds    in  the  King's 

palace,  there  had  fuddenly  arifen  fomething  to 

trouble  of  breed  expectation  of  troubles  far  tranfcending 

theCiti-    anything    caufed    by   the    Weftminfter    Hall 

tumults ;  and  then,  he  continues,  "  all  partes 

"  of  the  Court  being  thronged  with  gentlemen 

*   MS,  State  Paper  Office.      The  letter  is  dated,  in  mani- 

feft  error,  the  6th  of  December.    It  opens  with  the  fubjoined 

Slingfby      account  of  the  articles  of  impeachment,  as  handed  in  the 

defcribes     preceding  day.       "  On   Monday  laft  the  King's  Attorney 

impeach-    "  did  impeach  the  Lord  Mandevill,  and  Mfl'"  Pirn,  HoUis, 

ment :         '*  Strowd,  Hamden,  &  S'  Arthur  Haflrigge,  of  High  Treafon, 

**  in  the  Upper  Houfe.     The  fumme  of  the  articles  were  fub- 

*'  verting  the  fundamental!  lawes,  placing  fubiefts  in  arbitrary 

"  &   tirannicall  government,   calling   in  a  forraigne  army, 

**  endeavouring  to  draw  the  King's  army  from  his  obedience, 

"  depriving  the  King  of  his  royall  power,  laying  fals  afper- 

"  fions  againft  the  King  to  make  him  odious,   countenancing 

"  tumults  againft  the  King  &  Parliament,  forcing  the  Parlia- 

"  ment  by  terror  to  joyne  with  them,  fubverting  the  rights 

"  &  very  being  of  Parliaments,  praftifing  to  rayfe  warre  & 

'*  aftually  rayfmg  warr  againft  the  King  :  This  charge  was 

•*  fent  downe  to  the  Comons  houfe,  who  received  it  with  the 

*'  tearme  of  a  fcandalous  paper.     A  Serieant-at-Armes  fent 

members''    "  likewife  to  attach  them,  but  was  refufed.     Their  cloffetts 

fitting  in     "  by  the  King's  comaund  ftaled  up.  but  the   fame  night,  by 

Houfe         "  order  from  the  Houfe,  opened  agalne  :  the  next  day  Ibme  of 

notwith-     "  them,  notwithftanding  their  impeachment,  came  and  fatt  in 

ftanding.     "  the  Houfe." 


§  XIX.     The  King^s  Approach  to  the  Houfe.  183 

*'  and  officers  of  the  army,  in  the  afternoone 
"  the  King  went  with  them  all,  his  own  Sllnglby 
"  Guard,    and     the    Penfioners  :  "    expreflly  King's 
adding    that    by  far    the    moft  part,  among  company. 
whom  he  then  and  there  had  taken  his  own 
place,  were  "  arm'd  with  fwords  and  piftolls." 
Such    was  Hyde's  innocent  party,  and  their  How  innc 
harmlefs  accoutrement,  when  they  fet  out  on  armed, 
this  famous  expedition ! 

Peaceful  and  innocent  as  they  were,  how- 
ever, with  their  *'  little  fwords,"  as  Mr.  Hyde 
ingenuoufly   defcribes     them,    in    their    brief 
journey  from  Whitehall  they  had  managed  to  Difmay 
carry  difmay  at  every  ftep  ;  and,  as  they  neared  approach. 
Weftminfter  Hall,  D'Ewes  tell  us,  "  it  ftruck 
"  fuch  a  fear  and  terrour  into  all  thofe  that 
"  kept  fhops  in  the  faid  Hall,  or    near   the 
"  gate  thereof,  as  they  inftantly  fhut  up  their  Shops  ihut 
'^  fhops,   looking  for  nothing  but  bloodfhed 
"  and  defolation."*     Having  reached  the  gate, 
the  armed  band  formed  fuddenly  into  a  lane, 
ranging    themfelves  on  either  fide  along   the 
whole    length    of   the    Hall  ;     and    Charles,  The  King 
paffing  through  this  lane,  and  entering  the  door  fhrough 
at  the   fouth-eaft    angle,   afcended    the   flairs  Weftmin- 
into  the  Commons'  Houfe.     His  armed  com- 
pany clofed  up,   and  as  many  as  could  prefs 
in  crowded  after  him.     The  King's  command 
had  been,  according  to  Sir  Ralph  Verney  and 

*  HarL  MSS.  162,  f.  310  a. 


184  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

Captain  Slingfby,  himfelf  one  of  the  company, 
Lobby  of  that  the  great  body  fhould  flay  in  the  Hall  ; 
Commons  but,  fays  D'Ewcs,  ^'  his  Majefty  coming  into 
filfed^"^^  "  ^^^  lobby,  a  little  room  juft  without  the 
'^  Houfe  of  Commons,  divers  officers  of  the 
"  late  army  in  the  North,  and  other  defperate 
Armed  "  ruffians,  prefTed  in  after  him  to  the  number 
men  ftiU    ««  of  about  four  fcore,    befides  fome   of  his 

prels  irom 

without.     "  penfioners."*      Captain    Slingfby's  account 

quite  bears  out  D'Ewes.    "  When,"  he  writes,t 

''  we  came  into  Weftminfter  Hall,  w*^''  was 

Charles      "  thronged  with  the  number,  the  King  com- 

Houfc*  ^  "  manded  us  all  to  ftay  there  ;  and  himfelfe, 

"  with  a  fmall  trayne,  went  into  the  Houfe  of 

where        *^  Commons,  where  never  King  was  (as  they 

wa7but"^  "  %)»  but  once  King  Henry  the  Eight." 

once. 

§  XX.  The  House  Entered  by  the  King. 

Within  the  Houfe,  meanwhile,  but  a  few 

minutes  had  elapfed  fince  the  Five  Members 

departed,   and  Mr.  Speaker  had  received  in- 

ftrudtion  to  fit  ftill  with  the  mace  lying  before 

Voice  of    him,  when  a  loud  knock  threw  open  the  door, 

Charles  '■  . 

heard  as     ^  ^^^^  of  armed  men  was  heard,  and  above  it 

he  enters,  ^^s   we    learn    from    Sir    Ralph  Verney)   the 

voice  of  the  King  commanding  "  upon  their 

*^  lives  not  to  come  in."  J    The  moment  after, 

followed  only  by  his  nephew  Charles,  the  Prince 

1  *  Had.  MSS.  162,  f.  306  b. 

t  MS.  State  Paper  Office.     Slingfby  to  Pennington,  6  Jan. 
1641-2.  I  Notes,  ^.  139. 


§  XX.     The  Hou/e  entered  hy  the  King.  185 

Eledor  Palatine,  Rupert's  eldeft  brother,  he 

entered ;  but  the  door  was  not  permitted  to  be 

clofed  behind  him.    Vifible  now  at  the  threfhold,  Armed 

to  all,  were  the  officers  and  defperadoes  above  vifible 

named,  of  whom,  D'Ewes  proceeds,  "  fome  had  o^^fide. 

"  left  their  cloaks  in  the  Hall,  and  moft  of  them 

"  were  armed  with  piftols    and    fwords,  and 

"  they  forcibly  kept  the  door  of  the  Houfe  of  Door  kept 

'^  Commons  open,  one  Captain  Hide*  ftand-  "^^^  ^ 

"  ing  next  the  door  holding  his  fword  upright 

"  in    the  fcabbard :  "  f    a   pidlure   which  Sir 

Ralph   Verney,   alfo   prefent    that   day  in  his 

place,    completes    by    adding    that    '^  fo    the 

"  doors   were   kept   open,    and   the   Earl  of  Captain 

"  Roxborough  ftood  within  the  door,  leaning  Lord  Rox- 

"  upon  it."  J  borough. 

As  the  King  entered,  all  the  members  rofe 

*  This  Captain  Hide,  who  thus,  holding  his  fword  upright  Captain 
in  its  fcabbard,  fignified  his  and  its  readinefs  that  day  for  any  Hide: 
defperate  deed,  was  the  fame  David  Hide,  "  a  Reformado  in  the 
*'  late  army  againft  the  Scots  and  now  appointed  to  go  in  fome 
"  command  into  Ireland  "  {Rujhnjoorth,  part  iii.  vol.  i.  4-63), 
who,  upon  that  difaftrous  day  of  the  Lunftord  tumults  which 
had  its  appropriate  ifTue  in  the  firll  blood  Ihed  in  this  Great 
Civil  War  (that  of  Sir  Richard  Wil'eman,  a  London  Citizen, 
mortally  hurt  on  the  27th  December),  took  a  leading  part  in  the  Prominent 
conflift  in  Weftminfter  Hall,  "  bullied  "   againft  the   Citizen  in  Weft- 
apprentices  whom  the  hotWelfh  wrath  of  Archbiftiop  Williams  minfter 
had  efpecially  provoked,  and,  drawing  his  fword  with  an  oath,  tumults: 
faid  "  he'd  cut  the  throats  of  thofe  Round-headed  Dogs  that 
*'  bawled  againft  Bifhops : "  which  palfionate  expreflions  of  his, 
Ruftiworth   remarks,  "as  far  as  I  could  ever  learn,  was  the 
"  firft    miniting"  [minting,  or  coinage]   "  of  that  term    or 
"  compellation    of   Roundheads   which   afterwards    grew   fo 
"  general."     (See    ante,    63,    137).      Hide   was   afterwards  Cafliiered 
cafliiered   from   his   Irilh   command   by   the   Houfe,   but   he  and  re- 
reappeared  in  Merrick's  Regiment  during  the  Civil  War. —  appointed. 
See  Rufh'ivoi'th,  iii.  124.7. 

•j-  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  307  a.  J  Notes,  p.  139. 


1 86  Arr eft  of  the  Five  Members. 

Members  ^nd  uncovered,  and  the  King  alfo  removed  his 

rife  and  .  ^ 

uncover,    hat ;  and  it  would  not  have  been  ealy,  lays 
Ruftiworth,  to  difcern  any  of  the  five  mem- 
bers, had  they  been  there,  among   fo   many 
A  crowd  bare  faces  ftanding  up  together.      But  there 
faces^."^^      was  One  face,  among  the  Five,  which  Charles 
knew  too  well  not  to  have   fingled   out  even 
there  ;  and  hardly  had  he  appeared  within  the 
chamber,  when  it  was  obferved  that  his  glance 
Charles     and  his  ftep  were  turned  in  the  diredion  of 
well-        Pym's  feat  clofe  by  the  Bar.     His  intention, 
known      baffled  by  the  abfence  of  the  popular  leader, 
can  only  now  be  guefTed  at :  but,  Ruftiworth 
miffesMr.  adds,  "  his  Majefty,  not  feeing  Mr.  Pym  there, 
*'  knowing  him  well,  went  up  to  the  chair."* 
We  all,  fays  D'Ewes,  flood  up  and  uncovered 
our   heads,    and  the   Speaker   flood   up  jufl; 
before  his  chair.     *'  His  Majefty,  as  he  came 
paflesup    **  up  along  the  Houfe,  came  the  moft  part  of 
er's  chair":  '^  ^^e  Way  uncovered,  alfo   bowing  to  either 
"  fide  of  the  Houfe,  and  we  all  bowed  again 
"  towards  him,  and  fo  he  went  to  the  Speaker's 
"  chair   on  the  left  hand  of  it,   coming  up 
clofe  by     "  clofe  by  the  place  where  I  fat,  between  the 
p'Ewes's   ccfouth  end  of  the    Clerk's  table  and  me."  t 

feat.  . 

As  he  approached  the  chair,  Lenthal  ftepped 

Stands  on  out  to  meet  him  ;  upon  which  *'  he  firft  fpake," 

Lenthal's  fays  D'Ewes,  faying,    "  Mr.  Speaker,  I  muft 

I  *^^^^'''        "  for   a   time   make   bold  with  your  chair." 

•  mji.  Coll.  III.  i.  477. 

t  Harl  MSS.  162,  f.  306  a. 


■   §  XX.     ^he  Houfe  entered  by  the  King.  187 

And  then  the  King  ftepped  up  to  his  place  Looks 
and  flood  upon  the  ftep,  but  fat  not  down  in  fore^he^" 
the  chair.     And  after  he  had  looked  a  great  fpeaks. 
while,  he  fpoke  again. 

A  break  here  occurs  in  the  narrative  of  Break  In 
D'Ewes.     His  relation  for  a  while  is  inter-  ti^e  of 
rupted  ;  and  a   note  afterwards  written,  l>'Ewes. 
and  fubftituted  for  it,  refers  us  to  what 
was   *'  taken  in  charaders  by  the  Clerk's 
"  affiftant."      Perhaps  the  only    perfonOneun- 
wholly  quiet  and    unmoved  during   the  fpeftator 
extraordinary  fcene,  unlefs  it  were  that^^*^^ 
moft  impaffive  of  note- takers,  Sir  Simonds 
himfelf,  was  this  lately  appointed  Clerk's 
afliftant,  young  Mr.  Rulhworth,  who  was  Young 

^  r  J  1       r  1       ^1      1  ,  1-1      Mr.Rufh- 

oblerved,  as  he  lat  at  the  Clerk  s  table,  worth. 

bufily  taking  down  the  words  of  the  King, 

as  they  broke  upon  the  fuUen  and  "  awe- 

'*  full"  filence.  His  report,  drawn  out  in  His  report 

the  evening  by  command   of  the  King,  f(,"iptio'n 

who    had    noticed   him   writins:    at   the  fent  for  by 

TCincr 

table,  was  publifhed  in  a  broadfide  next 
morning,  and  D'Ewes,  finding  the  King's 
words  therein  more  exactly  given  than  by 
himfelf,  makes  a  reference  in  his  Journal 
to  thofe  parts  of  it ;  but  his  Majefty  had  important 
direded  an    omiflion  which    D'Ewes    is '^^jf '""' 
careful  to  fupply  in  his  own  record,  and  therein, 
only  a  portion  of  which  (the  words  fpoken 
by  Lenthal)  we  find  Ruihworth  to  have 
appended  in  after  years  to  the  account 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 


Copy  fo 
corre6led 
in  State 
Paper 
Office: 


a  help  to 
more  vivid 
reproduc- 
tion of  the 
fcene. 


The 
King's 
fpeech  to 
theHoufe. 


Rufh- 

worth's 

report  of 

thelpeech, 

corre6led 

by 

Charles. 


preferved    in   his    ColleSlions.^      But,  in 

addition  to  what  is  fo   fupplied    by   the 

manufcript  Journal  of  D'Ewes,   I    have 

been  fortunate  enough  to  find,  in  the  State 

Paper    Office,    what    appears    to    be  the 

original  copy   of  Rufhworth's   report  of 

what   was    faid    by  the  King,   as    taken 

during   the   evening  to   the    palace    and 

corredied  by    Charles  ;    and,  though  the 

corre(5lions,    trivial   in   themfelves,    ferve 

chiefly  to   fhow  the  accuracy  with  which 

Rufhworth  had  taken  his  notes,  the  era- 

fures  yet  enable  us  exadlly  to  mark  the 

charaderifl:ic  breaks  that    occurred,    and 

more  vividly    to    reproduce    the    adtual 

fcene.f 

*^  Gentlemen,"  faid   Charles,  "  I  am  forry 

"  for  this  occafion  of  coming  unto  you.     Yef- 

'^  tcrday  Ifent  a  Serjeant-at-Arms  upon  a  very 

"  important  occafion  to  apprehend  fome  that 

"  by  my  command   were    accufed  of   High 

"  Treafon ;  whereunto  I  did  expedt  obedience, 

*  Hijl.  Coll.  III.  i.  477-8. 

f  I  fubjoin  an  accurate  copy  of  the  portions  in  which  the 
material  correftions  or  erafures  occur,  with  the  latter  printed 
in  facfimile  : 

that  albeit 
I  muft  declare  unto  you  here,  noe  king  that  ever  was  in 

to 
England,  fhall  bee  more  CarefuU  (of  yo'  priviledges)  sum 

mentaine  them  to  the  uttermoft  of  his  power  then  I  fhall 

be 
b«-Gl««r    Yet  you  muft  know  y'  in  Cafes  of  Treafon  noe 

A 
perfon  hath  a  priviledge.     And  therefore   I  am  come   to 


§  XX.     The  Houfe  entered  by  the  King.  189 

*^  and  not  a  meflage.  And  I  muft  declare  Expefts 
*^  unto  you  here,  that  albeit  no  King  that  ^e  d°^^ 
"  ever  was  in  England  fhall  be  more  careful  I'vered  up 

-  ...  ...  1      to  him. 

"  or  your  privileges,  to  maintain  them  to  the 
"  uttermoft  of  his  power,  than  I  fhall  be, 
"  yet  you  muft  know  that  in  cafes  of  Treafon 


know,  if  any  of  thofe  perfons  that  were  accufed  are  here. 
ThenXcafting  his  eyes  upp*n  all  the  Members  in  Uie  Houfe  Erafure  by 
faid,  iXdoe  not  fee  any  of  Ihem :  I  thinke  I  fhould  know 


them. 

For  I  muft  tell  you  Gent""  that  foe  long  as  thofe  perfons  that 

I  have  accufed  (for  noe  flight   crime,  but  for  Treafon) 

are  here,  I  cannot  expeft  that  this  Houfe  can  bee  in  the  right 

way,  that  I  doe  heartily  wifh  It :  Therefore  I  am  come   to 

tell  you,  that  I  muft  have  them,  wherefoever  I  finde  them. 

Then  His  Ma''«  faid  is  Mr.  r*ym  here  ?  to  w'=''  Ape  Body  Enquiry 
\  *  *  forPym 

gave  aniVveare.  alfoerafed. 

the 
Well,  fince  I  fee  all  n*5»  Birds  are  flowen  I  doe  expeft  from 

you,  that  you  (hall  fend  them   unto  mee  as  foone  as  they 

but  affeure 
returne  hither  :  I  muft  IlU  you  in  the  word  of  a  king  I  never 

did  intend  any  force,  but  fliall  proceed  ag*  them  in  a  legall  & 

meant 
faire  way  j  for  I  never  iHttndtd  any  other. 

And  now  fince  I  fee  I  cannot  doe  what  I  came  for.     I 

thinke  this  is  noe  unfitt  occailon  to  Repeat  what  I  have  laid 

formerly  that  whatfoever  I  have  done  in  favour]\and  to  the 

good  of  my  fubjefts  I  do  meane  to  mentaine  it. 


ipo 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


Are 

the  Five 
Members 
in  the 
Houfe? 


No  reply. 


Nothing 
will  be 
well  till 
accufed 
are  fur- 
rendered. 


Muft  have 
them. 


Painful 
hefitation 
and 
efTort. 


Addition 
fupplied 
by 
D'Ewes: 


*'  no  perfon  hath  a  privilege.  And  therefore 
"  I  am  come  to  know  if  any  of  thefe  perfons 
"  that  were  accufed  are  here." 

Then  he  paufed  ;  and  cafting  his  eyes  upon 
all  the  members  in  the  Houfe,  faid  "  I  do  not  fee 
"  any  of  them.    I  think  I  fhould  know  them." 

"  For  I  muft  tell  you.  Gentlemen,"  he 
refumed  after  another  paufe,  "  that  fo  long 
"  as  thofe  perfons  that  I  have  accufed  (for  no 
^'  flight  crime,  but  for  Treafon)  are  here,  I 
"  cannot  exped  that  this  Houfe  will  be  in  the 
"  right  way  that  I  do  heartily  wifh  it.  There- 
*'  fore  I  am  come  to  tell  you  that  I  muft 
"  have  them,  wherefoever  I  find  them." 

Then  again  he  hefitated,  ftopped  :  and  called 
out,  "  Is  Mr.  Pym  here  ?  "  To  which  no- 
body gave  anfwer. 

The  awkwardnefs  and  effort  manifeft  in 
thefe  paufes  and  interruptions,  the  words  that 
again  and  again  recur,  the  needlefs  and  bald 
repetitions,  in  which  we  feem  to  hear  the  flow 
and  laboured  utterance  with  which  Charles 
covered  his  natural  impediment  of  fpeech, 
imprefs  the  imagination  painfully. 

All  the  breaks  and  paufes,  however,  were 
omitted  in  the  report  direfted  to  be  pub- 
lifhed  ;  and  D'Ewes,  furmifing  that  not  only 
fuch  omifTions  had  been  made  by  the  King's 
order,  but  alfo  all  mention  of  the  reply  given 
upon  Charles's  appeal  to  the  Speaker,  is 
careful  to  reftore  what  was  wanting.     "  But 


§  XX.     The  Houfe  entered  by  the  King.  191 

"  the  King    caufed    all  that  to  be  left  out,  confirma- 

^*  namely,    when    he    afked    for    Mr.  Pym,  ^ep"  °t  as 

"  whether  he  were  prefent  or  not,  and  when  correfted 

**  there  followed  a  general  filence,  that  nobody  King. 

"  would  anfwer  him.     He  then  afked  for  Mr. 

"  Hollis  whether  he  were  prefent,  and  when  Enquiries 

"  nobody  anfwered  him,  he  prefTed  the  Speaker  and 

"  to  tell  him,  who,  kneeling  down,  did  very  Ho^^'s. 

"  wifely  defire  his  Majefty  to    pardon  him, 

"  faying  that  he  could  neither  fee  nor   fpeak  Reply. 

"  but  by  command  of  the  Houfe :  to  which  the 

"  King  anfwered,  '  Well,  well !  *tis  no  matter. 

'' '  I  think  my  eyes  are  as  good  as  another's.'  Looking 

for  them 

*^  And  then  he  looked  round  about  the  Houfe  himfelf. 
**  a  pretty  while,  to  fee  if  he  could  efpie  any 
"  of  them."  *     Very  welcome  are  all  fuch  addi- 
tional touches  to  a  pidlure  fo  memorable. 

"  May  it  pleafe  your   Majefty,"  faid  Len-  Speaker^ 
thai,  to  the  appeal  that  he  fhould  fay  where  fpeech. 
Pym  was  (for,   as   Rufhworth  himfelf,  when 
he  publilhed  his  ColleSiions,  inferted  his  own 
report  of  the  difcreet  fpeech  of  Mr.  Speaker, 
and  as  the  good  Sir  Simonds,  had  he  lived  to 
fee  it,  would  certainly  have  copied  it  in  his 
Journal,  it  will  here  be  moft  properly  appended 
to  an  account  which  fir  ft  gives  to  it  all  its 
fignificance),  "  I  have  neither  eyes  to  fee  nor  No 
"  tongue  to  fpeak  in   this  place,  but  as  the  tongue 
"  Houfe  is  pleafed  to  diredt  me,  whofe  fervant  ^^^  ^^  ^^^ 

*  Houfe  s 

fervant. 

*  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  306  a. 


1^2  Arrejt  of  the  Five  Members. 

"  I  am  here ;  and  I  humbly  beg  your  Ma- 
'^  jelly's  pardon  that  I  cannot  give  any  other 
'^  anfwer  than  this  to  what  your  Majefty  is 
"  pleafed  to  demand  of  me.'*     Words  con- 
ceived indeed  with  a  fingular  prudence.     Im- 
Extraordi-  prcfTed  deeply  by  the  attitude  of  the  Houfe,  and 
peech  for    infpired  fuddenly  by  the  truft  confided  to  him, 
an  ordi-     ^  man  little  famous  for  magnanimity  or  courage 
*  difplayed  both  for  the  moment  in  a  remarkable 
degree,  and  rofe  to  the  occafion  as  greatly  as 
the  King  fank  beneath  it.     But  forrow   and 
fuffering   are   wifer  teachers  than  anger    and 
Another    revenge.     There  was  yet  to   come  a  day  in 
greater      Charlcs's  life,  when  he  too  would  rife  to  the 

but  like  '  _ 

example,    demand  of  the  time  ;    when   his  natural   in- 
firmities would  be  vifible  no  longer  ;  and  when 
men  fhould  wonder  to  behold,  in  one  fo  infirm 
of  purpofe  and  difficult  of  fpeech,  both  unem- 
barrafled  accents  and  a  refolute  will.* 
"Dread-        After  that  long  paufe  defcribed  by  D'Ewes, 
fiknce.      ^^^  dreadful  filence,  as  one  member  called  it, 
Charles  fpoke  again   to  the  crowd   of   mute 
and    fullen   faces.     The   complete    failure    of 
The  King  his  fcheme  was  now  accomplifhed,  and  all  its 
confcious   poflible  confequences,  all  the  fufpicions    and 
failure.      retaliations  to  which    It    had  laid  him  open, 

*  "  He  had,"  fays  William  Lilly,  "  a  natural  imperfeftion 
**  in  his  fpeech  :  at  fome  times  could  hardly  get  out  a  word : 
"  yet  at  other  times  he  would  fpeak  freely  and  articulately, 
Charles  <<  as  at  the  firft  time  of  his  coming  before  the  High  Court  of 
the  Firft  s  <«  Juftice,  where  cafually  I  heard  him  :  there  he  ftammered 
fpeech  at  <<  nothing  at  all,  but  fpoke  very  diftinftly,  with  much  courage 
his  trial.      <<  and  magnanimity." — Monarchy  or  no  Monarchy, 


§  XX.     The  Hottfe  entered  by  the  King,  193 

appear  to  have  rufhed  upon  his  mind.   "  Well,  His  birds 

"  fince  I  fee  all   my*  birds  are  flown,  I  do   °^"* 

*'  expedl  from   you  that  you  will  fend  them 

"  unto   me    as    foon    as    they  return  hither. 

''  But,  I  aflure  you,  on  the  word  of  a  King, 

"  I  never  did  intend  any  force,  but  (hall  pro-  Proteftshe 

"  ceed  againfl  them  in  a  legal  and  fair  way,  "e^Jj^^  *"" 

"for  I  never  meant  any  other.     And  now,  force. 

"  fince  I  fee  I  cannot  do  what  I  came  for,  I 

"  think  this  no  unfit  occafion  to  repeat  what 

**  I  have  faid  formerly,  that  whatfoever  I  have  Means  to 

*^  done  in   favour,  and  to  the  good,  of  my  the  con- 

"  fubiefts,  I  do  mean  to  maintain  it.     I  will  ceffions  he 

11  1  11  ^^  made. 

"  trouble   you    no  more,   but  tell   you  I  do 
"  expedt,  as  foon  as  they  come  to  the  Houfe,  Expefts 
"  you  will  fend  them  to  me  ;  otherwife  I  muft  ^iil  be 
"take  my  own  courfe  to  find  them."     To  {'^."'^  *° 
that  clofing  fentence,  the  note  left  by  Sir  Ralph 
Verney  makes    a  not   unimportant   addition, 
which,  however,    appears   nowhere  in  Rufh- 
worth's  report.     "  For  their  treafon  was  foul,  Declares 
"  and  fuch  an  one  as  they  would  all  thank  treafon 
"  him  to  difcover.*'t     If  uttered,  it  was  an  ^°"^" 
efcape   of   angry  afTertion    from  amid  forced 
and  laboured  apologies,  and  fo  far  would  agree 
with  what  D'Ewes  obferved  of  his  change  of 
manner  at   the  time:    "After  he  had  ended 
*^  his  fpeech,  he  went  out  of  the  Houfe  in  a  Leaves  the 
"  more  difcontented  and  angry  paiTion  than  he 

*  "  My  "  in  Ruftiworth's  original  note  :  **  the  "  fubftituted 
by  Charles. 

\  Verney's  Notes,  p.  139. 

0 


194  Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

In  anger:  '^  Came  in,  going  out  again  between  myfelf 
*'  and  the  fouth  end  of  the  Clerk's  table,  and 
"  the  Prince  Eledlor  after  him."  * 

Captain  *  Harl.    MSS.    162,   f.    306   a.      I  will  here  add  Cajpt. 

Slingfby's   Slingfby's  account,   written   the  next  day   but  one,  but  for 
narrative     which    of   courfe    he    muft    have   been    indebted   to   fome 
of  the  in-    Royalilt  members  of  the  Houfe,  as  he  had  himfelf  remained 
cident.        outfide  the  lobby.     "  He  came  very  unexpectedly,  and    at 
"  firft    coming    in,    comaunded    the   Speaker   to    come    out 
"  of  his  chayre,  and  fatt  downe  in  it  himfelfe,   aflcing  divers 
"  times   whether    thofe    traytours    were    there,   but   had    no 
Silence  of  "  anfwere :    but   at   laft    an    excufe,   that   by  y'=   orders   of 
the  Houfe  "  ^^e  Houfe  they  might  not  fpeake  when  there  Speaker  was 
explained,  "  o^^  of  his  cliayre.     The  King  then  afkt  the  Speaker,  who 
*'  excufed  himfelfe,  that  he  might  not  fpeake  but  what  the 
"  Houfe  gave  order  to  him  to  fay:  whereuppon  the  King 
"  replied  it  was  no  matter,   for  he  knew  them,  if  he   faw 
"  them.     And   after  he  had  viewed  them  all,  he   made   a 
Deter-         **  fpeeche   to  them  very  maieftically,  declaring  his  refolution 
mined  to     "to   have  them  though  they  were  then  abfent :  promifing 
have  the      "  not  to   infringe  any  of  their  libertyes  of   parlament,    but 
accufed.      "  coiiiaunding  them  to  fend  the  traytours  to  him  if  they  came 
*'  there  againe.    And  after  his  corning  out  he  gave  order  to  the 
"  Sarieant  att  Armes  to   find  them  out  j  and    attach   them. 
Houfe  had  "  Before  the  Kinge's  coming,  the  Houfe  were  very  high,  and 
fent  to        "  as  I  was  informed,  fent  to  the  Cittie  for  fower  thoufand 
City  for     "  men  to  be  prefently  fent  downe  to  them  for  their  Guard. 
4000  men.  "  But  none  came,  all  the  Cittie  being  terribly  amazed  w'"" 
"  that  unexpefted  charge  of  thofe  peribns  :  fhoppes  all  fhutt, 
"  many  of  w"^''  doe  ftill  continue  foe.     They  lykewife  fent  to 
"  the  trayned  bandes,  in  the   Court  of  Guard  before  White- 
Shops  all    "  hall,   to  comaund  them   to    difband    but  they  ftayed  ftill. 
fliut.  "  After  the  Kinge  had  beene  in  the  Houfe,  there  was  no  more 

"  fpoke,  but  only  to  adjorne  till  the  next  day." — MS.  State 
Paper  Office.     Captain  Slingfby  to  Admiral  Pennington,  6th 
January,  1641-2.      To    which    may    be    added    an    extraft 
from  a  letter,  alfo  in   the   National   Colleftion,   written  on 
Bere  to       the  fame  6th  of  January  by  Under  Secretary  Bere,  enclofmg 
Penning-    Ruftiworth's  report  of  the   King's  fpeech  to  the   Admiral, 
ton:  "On   Monday   laft,  the  King's  Attorney  accufed  5  of  the 

6th  Jan.  "  Lower  Houfe  &  one  of  the  Upper  of  High  Treafon 
1641-Z.  "  as  you  will  fee  by  the  Articles  of  accufation  herew"*. 
"  In  confequenceof  w*^*"  a  Serg'  of  Armes  was  fent  to  demand 
"  them,  but  y^  Houfe  taking  time  to  confider  of  it,  &  having 
"  fent  a  meflage  inftead  of  the  delivery.  His  Ma'''  went  the 
"  next  day  hirnlclfe  in  perfon  to  y"  Commons  Houfe  to  demand 
"  them,  as  you  will  fee  by  the  inclofed  fpeech.     But  it  feemes 


§  XX r.     Imprejfion  produced  by  the  Outrage,  195 

But  he  did  not  leave,  as  he  had  entered,  in  but  not 
filence.     Low  mutterings  of  fierce  difcontent  fiience, 
broke  out  as  he  pafTed  along,  and    "  many 
"  members  cried  out  aloud,  fo  as  he  might !' ^"^i: . 

'  ^       lege!  Pn- 

"  hear  them,  Privilege  I  Privilege!"     Withvilege!" 
thofe  words,  ominous  of  ill,  ringing  in  his  ear,  ^£°J^  \^^^ 
he  repafled  to  his    palace   through  the  lane, 
again  formed,  of  his  armed  adherents,  and  amid  ^^^^^  °"* 

D    ^  '  _  '  through 

audible  fhouts  of  as   evil    augury  from   def-  files  of 
peradoes  difappointed  of  their  prey.     Eagerly  adherents, 
in  that  lobby  had  the  word  been  waited  for, 
which  muft  have  been  the  prelude  to  a  terrible 
fcene.     Lady  Carlifle  alone  had  prevented  it. 

§  XXL  Impression  Produced  by  the 
Outrage. 

What  briefly  followed  within  the  chamber  Proceed- 
whofe    mofl:    facred    rights     had     thus     been  Hfufe^ 
violated    by    Charles    the    Firft,    is   revealed  after  ^ 
to    us    only    by    D'Ewes.       *^  As    foon    as  parture. 
"  he   was    gone,  and    the    doors    were  fhut, 
"  the  Speaker  aiked  us  if  he  fhould   make 
"  report    of  his   Majefty's   fpeech.      But  Sir 
"  John  Hotham  faid  we  had  all  heard  it,  and  speech  of 
"  there  needed  no  report  of  it  to  be  made.  Hotham. 


**  they  had  made  therafelves  out  of  the  way,  as  they  ftill  alfoe  Uncer- 
"  remaine,  w'=''  fome  conceive  is  but  don  till  the   Houfe  fhall  tainty  as 
"  refolve  what  to  doe  w"*  them.     Others  thinke  that  they  are  to  flight  of 
"  aSiually  fled.    What  will  be  of  it,  time  mull  tell.     In  the  members. 
"  meane   time  this  bufinefs  filled  every  one  w'**  feares  whaf 
**  might  enfue  thereon,  and  the  Cittie  remained  all  that  night 
"  in  armes,  and  are  not  yett  very  well  affured,   every  one 
*'  being  poflcft  with  ftrange  feares  and  imaginations." 

0  2 


196  Arrejl  of  the  Five  Member s» 

Cries  for    cc  ^j^^  others  cHed  to  adjourn  till  to-morrow 

adjourn-  ,      ,    .       1         r 

ment.  "  at  orxc  of  the  clock  in  the  afternoon  ;  upon 
"  which  in  the  iflue  we  agreed.  And  fo,  the 
"  Speaker    having    adjourned    the    Houfe    to 

Houfe       "  that  hour,  we  rofe  about  half  an  hour  after 

3.30  p.m.  "  three  of  the  clock  in  the  afternoon:*  little 
"  imagining  for  the  prefent — at  leaft  a  greater 
"  part  of  us — the  extreme  danger  we  had 
"  efcaped  through  God's  wonderful  provi- 
"  dence."t 

D'Ewes         cc  Pqj.  the  defign  was,"  purfues  Sir  Simonds, 

defcribfs 

the  King's  wHting  at  the  clofe  of  his  day's  Journal,  and 

defign:      bcforc  the  entry  of  the  morrow,   *' to  have 

"  taken  out  of  our  Houfe  by  force  and  violence 

*'  the  faid  five  members,  if  we  had  refufed  to 

**  have  delivered  them  up  peaceably  and  wil- 

"  lingly;   which,  for  the  prefervation  of  the 

to  have      "  privileges  of  our  Houfe,  we  muft  hav^e  re- 

conflta  in  "  fufed.     And  in  the  taking  of  them  away, 

the  Houfe.  "  they  Were  to  have  fet  upon  us  all,  if  we  had 

Details  of  "  Tcfifted,  in  an  hoftile  manner.     It  is  very 

the  plot.    <c  true  that  the  plot  was  fo  contrived  as  that 

Entry  in         *  The  day's   entry,  as  it  ftill  ftands  in  the  Journals,  well 

Journals     exprefies,  in  its  fudden  and  unfiniftied  abruptnefs,  the  agitation 

of  the  4.th  and  excitement  in  which  the  day  muft  have  clofed. 

January, 

164.1-2.  "  Jan.  4.  P.M.     The  King  came   into  the  Houfe   of 

Commons  and  took  Mr.  Speaker's  Chair. 

"  Gentlemen  I  am  forry  to  have  this  occafion 

to  come  unto  you. 
*  «  «  * 

**  Refolved  upon  the  queftion  that  the  Houfe  fliall 
adjourn  itfelf  till  to-morrow  one  of  the  clock." 

•f  Uarl,  MSS.    162,  f.  306  b. 


§  XXI.      Imprejfion  produced  by  the  Outrage.  197 

"  the  King  fhould  have  withdrawn  out  of  the 

"  Houfe,  and   pafled  thorough  the  lobby   or 

"  little  room  next  without  it,  before  the  maf- 

"  facre  fhould  have  begun,  upon  a  watchword 

^'  by  him  to  have  been  given  upon  his  pafling 

*'  thorough  them.     But  'tis  moft  likely  that  Armed 

"  thofe  Ruffians,  being  about  eighty  in  number,  does  not 

'^  who  were  gotten  into  the  faid  lobby,  being  ^°  ^^. 

"  armed  all  of  them  with  fwords,  and  fome  of 

**  them  with  piftols    ready    charged,  were  fo 

"  thirfty  after  innocent  blood   as  they  would 

"  fcarce  have  flayed  the  watchword,  if  thofe 

"  members  had  been  there  ;    but  would  have 

"  begun    their  violence  as  foon  as  they  had 

"  underftood  of  our  denial,  to  the  hazard  of  The  ^ 

*'  the   perfons   of  the   King   and   the  Prince  perfon  m 

"  Elector,  as  well  as  of  us.     For,  one  of  them  ^^^z^"^' 

"  underftanding,  a  little  before  the  King  came 

"  out,  that  thofe  five  gentlemen  were  abfent, 

"  *  Zounds  1 '  faid  he,  *  They  are  gone  !  and 

"  ^  we  are  never  the  better  for  our  coming  !* 

"  And  the  deliverance,'*  adds  D'Ewes,  in  Strange 
this  remarkable  paffage  of  his  Journal,  "  will  ranee. 
"  appear  to  have  been  the  more  ftrange,  if  we 
"  confider  how  the  plot  being  revealed  to  one 
"  M.  Langres,  dwelling  in  the  Covent  Garden, 
"  after  the  King  had  taken  his  coach  at  White- 
"  hall,   and  was  coming   toward  us,   he  got 
^ '  through  the  multitude  of  thofe  fouldiers  and  King's 
"  ruffians,  and  coming  to  the  Houfe  acquainted  toi^  to^ 
"  Mr.  Nathaniel  Fienneswith  the  King's  refo-  Fiennes. 


1.98 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 


With- 
drawal of 
the  mem- 
bers. 


Oppofi- 
tion  of 
Strode. 


Identity  of 
Strode 
with  the 
earlier 
Strode  dif- 
puted. 


Reply  to 
obj  eft  ions 
made  : 


Original 
opinion 
ftrength- 
ened,  not 
weakened. 


Ages  of 
the  princi- 
pal men 
of  the 
Commons. 

Miftakes 

ofThomas 

May. 


"  lution.  Whereupon  Mr.  Denzil  Hollls,  Sir 
"  Arthur  Hafelrig,  Mr.  Hampden,  and  Mr. 
"  Pym,  who  had  notice  alfo  formerly  given 
'^  them  that  there  was  fuch  a  defign,  did 
"  prefently  withdraw:  but  Mr.  William  Strode, 
"  the  laft  of  the  Five,  being  a  young  man  and 
"  unmarried,*  could  not  be  perfuaded  by  his 

*  I  retain  the  opinion  put  forth  in  my  Effay  on  the  Grand 
Remonftrance  {Hiji.  and  Biog.  EJfays,  i,  1-175)  that  this 
expreffion  of  D'Ewes,  and  the  language  ufed  by  Clarendon, 
are  decifive  againft  the  identity  of  the  Strode  of  the  parlia- 
ments of  James  and  the  early  parliaments  of  Charles  with 
the  Strode  of  the  Long  Parliament.  The  grounds  on  which 
I  formed  and  ftated  that  opinion  have  fmce  been  contefted  in 
a  book  of  great  ability,  and  full  of  valuable  matter  relative 
to  the  Commonwealth  period  (^Studies  and  Illujirations  of  the 
Great  Rebellion,  by  J,  Langton  Sandford,  Efq.)  j  but  I  muft 
be  permitted  to  think  that  Mr.  Sandford's  argument,  though 
ingenious  and  elaborate,  is  not  fatisfaftory.  The  gift  of  it  lies 
in  this  remark:  *'  William  Strode  may  very  well  have  been 
"  under  forty  in  16425  and  this,  in  the  eyes  of  'an  ancient 
"  ' gentleman '  fuch  as  D'Ewes,  woulden  title  him  to  the  name 
"  of  *  a  young  man'"  (p.  399).  Unfortunately  for  the  fenfe 
in  which  the  argument  is  ufed,  it  tells  with  the  greateft  force 
in  the  oppofite  direftion.  D'Ewes's  own  age  was  exaftly 
thirty-nine  (he  was  born  in  December  1602)  ;  and  it  entitled 
him  to  the  name  of  '  an  ancient  gentleman.'  No  one  ac- 
quainted with  the  focial  ufages  and  charafteriftics  of  that 
time  would  for  a  moment  expe6l  that  a  man  of  thirty-nine 
fhould  be  ftyled  young.  That  is  a  modern  ftyle  altogether. 
But,  even  in  our  own  polite  days,  a  man  of  thirty-nine  would 
not  be  likely  to  fingle  out  as  a  young  man  a  perfon  of  his  own 
mature  age.  Eefides,  Mollis  himfelf  was  only  forty-four, 
Hampden  was  not  more  than  forty-fix,  Halelrig  was  feme  years 
younger,  and  from  fuch  a  company  to  feleft  and  fet  apart  for 
his  youth  a  man  of  years  fo  nearly  equal,  would  have  been  fheer 
abfurdity.  Since  my  attention  wa's  firft  drawn  to  this  "  hilloric 
"  doubt,"  I  have  obferved  that  the  hiftorian  May  aflerts  the 
identity,  faying  of  Strode  that  he  had  "before  fuffered  many 
**  years  of  fharp  and  harlh  imprifonment  for  matters  done  in  par- 
"  liament"  (lib.  2,  cap.  2,  p.  21),  but  when  he  publifhed  his 
Hiftory  in  1 647  Strode  had  betn  fome  years  dead,  and  in  perfonal 
queftions  May  is  not  always  ftriftly  accurate  or  careful.  To 
give  an  inftance :  his  account  (p.  27)  of  the  Whitehall  Guard 
is  inaccurate  both  as  to  time  and  perfons.     It  is  not  much  to 


§  XXI.     Impreffion  produced  by  the  Outrage.  1 99 

"  friends  for  a  pretty  while  to  go  out ;  but 
"  faid,  that  knowing  himfelf  to  be  innocent,  he 

add  to  the  other  proofs,  but  it  may  be  worth  remark  that  the  Contempt 
fame  trivial  and  contemptuous  mode  of  fpeaking  of  Strode,  in  of 
comparifon  with  the  other  members,  is  to  be  found  in  the  Royalifts 
lampoons  of  the  day.    In  the  verfes  fubjoined,  he  and  Hafelrig  for  Strode, 
ftand  in  as  marked  contraft  with  the  reft,  even"  though  all  be 
fet  apart  for  abufe,  as  in  the  page  of  Clarendon  : 

**  My  venom  fwells,"  quoth  Hollis, 

"  And  that  his  Majefty  knows.V 
"  And  I,"  quoth  Hampden,  "  fetch  the  Scots 

"  Whence  all  this  mifchief  grows," 

"  I  am  an  afle,"  quoth  Hafelrigge, 

"  But  yet  I'm  deep  i'  the  plot; " 
"  And  I,"  quoth  Strode,  "  can  lye  as  faft 

"  As  Mafter  Pym  can  trott." 

"  But  I,"  quoth  Pym,  "  your  hackney  am, 

"  And  all  your  drudgery  do, 
"  I  make  good  fpeeches  for  myfelf, 

"  And  privileges  for  you — " 

So,  in  London's  Farewell  {o  the  Parliament,' the  abufe  of '\^"^*^^^^ 
Hollis,   Hampden,   and  Pym,  is  a  good  folid  hate,  and  it  is  ^*  Royalilt 
not  till  Strode's  turn  comes,  that  contempt  feems  to  take  the  "^J^der. 
place  of  it : 

Farewell  Denzil  Hollis,  with  hey,  with  hey  ; 
Farewell  Denzil  Hollis,  with  hoe ; 

'Twas  his  ambition  or  his  need, 

Not  his  religion  did  the  deed, 
With  hey  trolly,  lolly,  loe. 

Farewell  John  Hampden,  with  hey,  with  hey  j 
Farewell  John  Hampden,  with  hoe ; 

He's  a  fly  and  fubtle  fox. 

Well  read  in  Buchanan  and  Knox, 
With  hey  trolly,  lolly,  loe. 

Farewell  John  Pym,  with  hey,  with  hey ; 
Farewell  John  Pym,  with  hoe  ; 

He  would  have  had  a  place  in  Court, 

And  he  ventur'd  all  his  partie  for't. 
With  hey  trolly,  lolly,  loe. 

Farewell  Billy  Strode,  with  hey,  with  heyj 
Farewell  Billy  Strode,  with  hoe ; 


200  Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

Willfeal    "  would  ftay  in  the  Houfe  though  he  fealed 

cency'with  "  ^^^  innocency  with  his  blood  at  the  door. 

his  blood.  "So  as,  being  at  laft  overcome  "  (D'Ewes  gets 
a  little  confufed  in  his  fentences  here)  "  by 
"  the  importunate  advices  and  entreaties  of  his 
"  friends,  when  the  van,  or  fore-front,  of  thofe 
*'  ruffians  marched  into  Weftminfter  Hall : 
"  nay,  when  no  perfuafion  could  prevail  with 

SirWalter  tc  ^^  f^id  Mr.  Strode,  Sir  Walter  Earle,   his 

Earle  pulls  .        _  .       ,  -  .  ,       i  •       i         11 

him  out     "  entire  friend,  was  fame  to  take  him  by  cloak, 

c^ak^  "  ^"'^  P^^^  ^^'^  °^^  °^  ^^^^  place  ;  and  fo  got 
"  him  out  of  the  Houfe.  'Tis  very  true, 
''  indeed,  that  the  Lord  Mandeville"  (Kim- 
bolton  continued  to  be  more  familiarly  known 
by  his  old  than  by  his  new  title)  ''and  thefe 
**  five  gentlemen  had  notice  not  only  yefternight 
"  of  this  intended  defign,  but  were  likewife 
The  ac-  "  fent  to,  this  day  at  dinner,  by  the  Earl  of 
cufed        cc  Ef^ex,  Lord  Chamberlain  of  his   Majefty's 

warned  at  -^  _  _  j       j 

dinner  "  houfehold,  that  the  King  intended  to  come 
Effex.  ^  "  ^°  ^h^  Houfe  of  Commons  to  feize  upon 
"  them  there,  and  that  they  fhould  abfent 
"  themfelves  :  yet  had  they  no  diredl  aflurance 
"  that  the  faid  defign  fhould  certainly  be  put 
"  in  execution,  till  the  faid  M.  Langres  his 
"  coming  to  the  faid  Houfe."  * 

Such  was  the  view  taken,  fuch  the  opinion 

He  fwore  all  Wharton's  lyes  were  true  ; 
And  it  concern'd  him  fo  to  do, 
For  he  was  in  the  faw-pit  too — 
With  hey  trolly,  lolly,  loe. 

♦  Harl,  MSS.  162,  fF.  306  b.  307  a. 


§  XXI.     ImpreJJion  produced  by  the  Outrage.  201 

uttered,  with  no  public  objedl  or  defign,  but  as  Unim- 

....      -  ,  -       ° ,  .  ^  paffioned 

a  man  communes  with    himlelr  or  his  molt  charac- 
intimate    friend,   of  the    proceedings    of  this  ^^^g^,  ' 
eventful  day,  by  a  member  of  the  Houfe  who  teftimony. 
with  his  own  eyes  had  witnefTed  them,  writing 
not   many  hours  after   the   event ;    and  who 
gave  further  decilive  proof  of  his  fenfe  of  the  ^'^  ^^"^^ 
danger  which  from  that  day  awaited  all  men  marked 
who  might  difcharge  their  duty  fearleffly  in  ^J  execu- 
the  Houfe  of  Commons,  by  at  once  arranging  will  .- 
his   affairs,    fetting   his   houfe  in    order,  and 
executing  his  will.     "Some,"  he  remarked  in 
a  fubfequent  debate,  "have  faid  it  were  well 
**  for  the  Parliament  men  to  fet  their  houfes 
"  in  order,  left  they  fhould  fhortly  lofe  their  and  fet- 
"  heads.     For  my  part,  I  confefs  I  have  not  5j'"^£-g^-j^ 
"  that  work  now  to  do;    having  ever  fince  order. 
"  the  4th  day  of  January  laft  paft,  left  my 
"  will  with  a  third  perfon  in  truft.'*  *     The 

*    Had.    MSS.    163,    f.    509    b.      D'Ewes   is    fpeaking,  ^     n.. 
on  the   16th  May,   164.2,    more  than  five  months  after  the  H- 
events  to  which  I  am  referring,  of  the   difputes   in  York-       At'' 
(hire     which    immediately    preceded    the    outbreak    of    civil      .  ,     , 
war:    "Mr.  H.   Bellafis,  Sir    R.   Pye,   and    others,  moved  t^. 
"  that   we  might    think  of  fome  way   of   accommodation.  ^'* 

"  Others  moved  that  we  might  prepare  to  defend  ourfelves. 
"  I  faid  I  was  forry  to  fee  things  grown  to  fuch  a  height  in  Parlia- 
"  Yorkftiire;  and  though  his  Majefty  difavowed  the  injuries  ment-men 
*'  offered  the  poor  freeholders  of  York/hire,  I   did  not  hear  in  peril. 
"  that  he  difavowed  thofe  offered  his  poor  Parliament,  although 
"  their   meffages  were  hiffed  at  when  they  were  read,  and 
"  although  fome  faid  it  were  well  for  the  parliament  men  to 
"  fet  their  houfes  in  order  left  they  fhould  fhortly  lofe  their 
"  heads.     For  my  part  I  confefs  I  have  not  that  work  now  to 
"  do,  having  ever  fmce  the  4th  day  of  January  laft  paft," 
the  day  of  the  attempted  arreft,  *'  left  my  will  with  a  third 
*'  perfon  in  truft — (of  which,"  D'Ewes  adds  with  fome  com- 


202 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 


Ifolation 
ofD'Ewes 
from  mere 
party. 


His  pre- 
cifion  and 
fobriety. 


Queftlon 
of  the 
King's 
conduit. 


Could 
have  had 
but  one 
purpofe. 


judgment  fo  formed,  too,  and  the  courfe  fo 
taken  on  the  inftant,  were  thofe  of  a  man  not 
iharing  vehemently  in  any  of  the  popular 
paffions  ;  never  admitted  to  the  confidence  of 
the  leaders  ;  having  a  ftrong  perfonal  diflike,  as 
I  fhall  fhortly  take  an  opportunity  of  fhowing, 
to  fome  of  them  ;  and  himfelf  noted  for  a 
particular  precifion  and  fobriety,  as  well  in  his 
habits  of  thought  as  in  his  ways  of  life.  Nor 
is  it  in  any  degree  reafonable  to  fuppofe  that  the 
King  fhould  fwt  have  refolved  to  give  fome  fort 
of  eifed  to  his  projedt,  having  once,  however 
rafhly,  embarked  in  it.  To  have  intended 
merely  to  go  and  afk  for  the  members,  and, 
having  fo  invited  the  refufal  which  it  was 
obvious  would  be  given,  to  leave  them  unmo- 
lefted  in  their  feats  and  himfelf  come  difcom- 
fited  away,  would  have  been  indeed  to  add  to 
fupreme  rafhnefs  a  fupreme  fillinefs.  Armed 
men  could  have  accompanied  him  for  one  pur- 
pofe only,  and  this  was  baffled  by  the  abfence 
of  the  accufed  :  nor  was  it  pofTible  that  any 
one,  writing  of  the  occurrence  in  later  times, 
fhould  have  found  it  reafonably  open  to  any 
other  conftrudion,  if  upon  this,  as  upon  other 
great  queftions  between  the  People  and  the 
King,  Clarendon  had  not  drawn  off  to  a  falfe 
iflue  fuccefTive  generations  of  readers.  Content 
to  have  profited  by  the  adt  if  it  had  fucceeded. 


placency,  "the  Houfe  took  efpecial  notice,  as  I  was  fain  for  a 
"  while  to  flop  from  farther  proceeding)". 


§  XXI.     Imprejfton  produced  by  the  Outrage.  203 

it  was  an  ad  of  which  the  failure  was  unpar-  Not  the 
donable  :    and  every  one  in  the  confidence  of  f^jiu^e 
the  King   became   eager    to   feparate   himfelf  ""Frdon- 
from  it,  to   fpeak  of  it  as  apart  and  ifolated 
from  other  ads  to  which  it  was  in  truth  no 
way  contrafled  or  oppofed,  to    treat  it  as  a 
fudden  frenzy,   and  altogether  to  conceal  the 
real  objedt  which  it  aimed  at,  and,  but  for  an 
accident  unforefeen,  and  the  failure  of  fecret  Succefs 
meafures  here  fhown  to  have   been   daringly  ^^^^  ^ 
attempted,    it  might    have    gone   far   to   ac- 
complifh. 

Compare  .  the  tone  fo  taken,  after  the 
fad,  with  what  men  wrote  upon  the  inftant 
who  fhared  Hyde's  opportunities  of  know- 
ledge, who  like  him  were  behind  the  fcenes,  but 
who  wrote  not  to  conceal,  but  to  exprefs,  the 
truth.  *^  I  pray  God  this  very  bufinefs,"  Under 
wrote  Under  Secretary  Bere  to  Admiral  Pen-  sTrels^'^ 
nington    on   the  6th  of   Tanuary,   "doe  not ^f^^^^^ to 

.  ultimate 

"  render  our  condition  in  Court  the  worfe  ;  for  reiblt. 

"  things  being  now  brought  to  a  heighth,  they 

"  cannot  confift  foe,  but  muft  change  to  the  Change 

"  great  prejudice  of  the  one  or  other  fide  :  and  ^^\^^ 

"  I    pray  God  wee   find   not    that   we  have  worfe. 

"  flattered  ourfelves  w**^  an  imaginary  flrength 

"  and  party,  in  the  Citty  and  elfewhere,  w'^^^ 

"  will  fall  away,  if  need  fhould  bee.     A  report  Rumours 

"  now  goes  that   thofe  perfons  accufed  are  in  ^V° 

°  -t^  ^  where- 

"  London,  and  fome   will  have  itt  they  are  abouts  of 
"  fitting  w^'i  the  Comittee  w*^''  fitts  there.     By  ^''''"^^''' 


204  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

"  all  this,  you  will  fee  the  greate  diftradions 

"  that  are  here :    foe  that  you  may  well  fay 

Worfe      "  wee  have  no  lefs  ftormes  here  than  you  have 

?°TV"   "  ^^^    ^^^ — ^  /^^r^   worfe    and    more  full  of 

atfea.       "  danger"  * 

That  is  not  the  language   of  a   man  who 
regarded    the    King's    adt  as    having   fprung 
from   a    mere     fudden    unreafoning    impulfe 
of  anger,    or   who    defired    to    underrate   its 
Circum-     crravity.     The  writer  knew  the  circumftances 
well  too  well.  He  had  himfelf  drawn  up  the  warrant, 

UnX"  *°  which,  but  for  a  merciful  accident  interpofed. 
Secretary :  might  have  drenched    London  ftreets  in  the 
blood  of  the  Citizens.    He  was  perfedlly  aware 
of  all  the  preparations  made,  of  all  the  deliber- 
ation ufed  ;  and  his  prayer  to  God  is,  that  they 
His  fears    who  had  taken  part  therein  (of  whom  he  was 
bodings!"    °'^^)  ^^ight  not  find  they  had  flattered  themfelves 
with  an  imaginary  ftrength,   in   the  City  and 
el fe where,   which   already    was  crumbling  and 
falling  away  beneath  them. 


^  XXII.     Lord  Digby  and  Mr,  Hyde. 
Not  of  the  moderate  or  confcientious  tem- 

*  MS.   State   Paper   Office.     The   Under   Secretary   thus 

An  invi-     clofes  his  letter  :  "  I  humbly  thank  you  for  y'  kind  invitation 

tation  for    "  abord  this  Xmas,  where  I  would  willingly  be,  but  that  I 

Chriftmas    *'  "^^7  "°*-  ^^'^  ^^^  abfent:  my  bufineffe  growing  ftill  more 

declined.     "  ^""  more:  yett  we  have  the  addition  of  another  fellow 

"  Secret,  by  name   Mr.  Oudart,  who  was  Secret^  to  S'  John 

"  Bofwell :  fo   y'  y^  labour  is  very  eafy,  but  difpenfes  not 

"  with  abfence.  ' 


§  XXII.     Lord  Digby  and  Mr.  Hyde.  205 

per  of  the  Under  Secretary,  however,  were  violent 
thofe  who  had  advifed  the  King.       It  is  a  bare  lefs  coun- 
aft  of  juftice  to  fay,  of  other  and  more  adlive  ^^^* 
participators    in   the    Royal  Councils   at  this 
time,  that  they  did  not  fhow  fear,    remorfe, 
or  apprehenfion  of  any   kind.     Lord  Digby 
certainly  does  not  feem  to  have  fhrunk  from  the 
propofal  to  carry  the  King's  daring  attempt,  be-  Carrying 
gun  that  day,  to  its  natural  ifTue.  He  was  willing  f^"  jj^^^J^  ^° 
to  take  the  utmoft  hazard  upon  himfelf,  fays 
Hyde  ;    and  would  have  redeemed  his  failure 
of  promife  in  the  matter  of  Lord  Kimbolton 
by  undertaking,  with   the   congenial  help  of 
fuch  gentlemen   as   Sir  Thomas  Lunsford,  to 
feize  the  accufed  members  in  the  very  houfe  Digby's 
in  the  City  where  they  had  taken  refuge,  and 
either  bring  them  away  alive,  or  ''  leave  them 
*'  dead  in  the  place."* 

Elfewhere,  too,f  the  fame  writer  tells  us, 
that,  as  foon  as  the  failure  of  the  enterprife  at 
the  Houfe  declared  itfelf,  Digby's  great  fpirit 
was  fo  far  from  failing,  that  when  he  faw  the 
whole  City  upon  the  matter  in  arms  to  defend 
the  Five  Members,  he,  knowing  in  what 
houfe  they  were  together,  offered  the  King, 
with  a  feled  number  of  a  dozen  gentlemen, 
who  he  prefumed  would  ftick  to  him,  to  feize  To  feize 
upon  their  perfons  dead  or  alive.  And  with-  Members 
out  doubt,  adds  Clarendon  naively,  he  would  ^^^^  ^^ 


alive. 


*  Hiji.  ii.  130. 

■}•  CidiVenAovis  State  Papers,  Supplement  to  third  vol.  Iv-lvi. 


2c6  An  eft  of  the  Five  Members . 

have  done  it,  "  which  muft  likewife  have  had 
"  a  wonderful  efFe<5l." 
Mifchief        Such    wcre    the   elements    of  difcord    and 
b  *  Khf 's  violence  let  rudely  loofe  by  the  ad  of  the  King  ; 
act.  and  to  comprehend  all  that  follows,   to  under- 

ftand  even  the  alarms  we  have   {zzw  exprefled 
by   D'Ewes  after  the  King's   departure,  and 
what  we  fhall  obferve  hereafter  of  their  fudden, 
unexplained,  and  abrupt  recurrence,   the  fadt 
of   fuch    mifchief    being    abroad,    and     fuch 
rumours  or  threats  of  defperate  defigns  under- 
lying men's  ordinary   difcourfe,  muft  ftill  be 
kept  carefully  in  mind.     "  The  publike  voice 
"  runs   much,"  "wrote   Bere   to    Pennington, 
Rumours    "  againft  Briftol  and  his  fon,   as   great  inftru- 
B^Xland  "  ments  of  thefe  mifunderftandinges."  *  With 
i^'gt'y-      more    elaboration,    and  with    allufions    that 
pointed  to  fecret    intrigues  not  lefs   than   to 
frank  and  open  outrage,    Mr.  Smith   of  the 
Admiralty  wrote  to  the  King's  favourite  fea- 
man.     He  began  by  telling  his  *'  honoured 
**  compeer,"  what  grief  he  feels  that  his  rela- 
Small        tion  of  affairs  cannot  be  fuch  as  might  comfort 
for"the      ^^    Admiral's  languiftiing    fpirits,   as    in  his 
Admiral,  lateft  letter  he  had  defcribed  them,   turmoiled 
and  almoft   tired   in   thofe   tumultuous   feas. 
Suffering   "  You  fuffer  on  the  waters,  we  feare  on  the 
fearTn"^'  "  land."     And  he  proceeded  to  explain   the 
land.        fources    of    the   fear.        "  The    defires   and 

*  MS.  State  Paper  Oflice,  Januaiy,  1 641-2. 


§  XXII.     Lord  Dighy  and  Mr.  Hyde.  207 

"  endeav'^*  of  men,  efpeclally  of  fuch  as  Rule,  Jacob  and 

"  are  fo  diverfe,  that  wee  feeme  to  bee  now  •^^^"• 

"  in  this  K.dom  like  to  the  pregnant  wombe 

"  of  Rebecca,  which  teemes  of  difcourfe  and 

"  afFedtions,  fome  labouring  to  bringe  forth 

"  the  Honeft  Jacob   of  order,    tranquillitie,  Two  par- 

iT»  iT-rrvr    fies  out  of 

"  and  peace,  others  the  Rough  Elau  of  dil-  Houfe : 
"  cord  and  ruine."  Yet  one  advantage  had 
already  attended  the  attempt  made  on  the 
Houfe  of  Commons.  It  was  expedled  that 
in  future  there  would  be  lefs  difagreement,  and 
a  more  general  co-operation  for  the  public 
good,  than  before  was  noted  therein.  *^  Wee  but  the 
«  are  not,"  continued  Mr.  Smith,  "  altogether  ^^^^l. 

*  out  of  hope  of  a  Good  Period  in  regarde 
'  thofe  y*  rule  in  Parlem*  are  both  honeft  and 

*  able   men.       If  diftradlions  and  confufions 

*  come,  'twill  be  from  fome  fadlious  firebrands 

'  that  trouble  the  Court,  abufe  his  Ma*'^,  and  and  only 
'  feeke  to  fifh  in  troubled  waters  ;  and,  through  °"^  P^''^^ 

'    _       '  o     now  in 

'  feare  of  being  rewarded  according  to  theire  Houfe. 
'  merit,  do  labor  to  bring  all  things  to  ruine 
^  with  themfelves.     But  the  Good  God  will 
'  not  fuifer  them  long  thus  to  divide  betwixt 

*  O''  good  King  and  his  People,  whom  they 
'  traduce  w*'»  falfe  report  of  Rebellion,  where- 

'  as  indeede  they  are  the  greateft  and  only  Sole  rebels 

*  Rebells  I  know  in  England,  and  go  about  land. 

*  y^  K.dom  raifing  tumullts  and  falfe  reports 
'  to  putt  the  land  into  an  uproar  if  they  can, 
^  and  fcandalize  the  hon'^^'^  and  juft  Proceed- 


2o8  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

"  Ings  of  the  Parlem*  w^*  lying  and  unjuft 
'^  imputations."* 

This  difcreet  and  temperate   man,  writing 

thus  a  few    days    after  the    King's  attempt, 

found  not  more  mifery  occafioned  by  firebrands 

Open  and  fuch  as    Digby,    than  by  thofe    more    fecret 

mief  ^^^'  agents  of  confufion  who  went  about  creating 

jealoufies  and  diflikes  againft   the  ParHament, 

of  whom  it  will  not  be  unjuft,  upon  his  own 

account  of  his  own  proceedings  at  the  time, 

to  feledt  Hyde  as  by  far  the  moft  prominent 

Caufe  for  example.     And  to  underftand  the  pofition  he 

greffion     ^^^  ^^  ^^^^  refped  taken  up  is  neceflary,  in  his 

inftance  not  lefs  than  in  that  of  Digby,  to  a 

proper  comprehenfion  of  the  fequel  of  thefe 

extraordinary  fcenes. 

Hyde  acknowledges,-]-    that,   feveral  weeks 

earlier    than    the    attempted    arreft,    he    had 

Hyde  the   become  fecretly  the  King's  private  counfellor, 

private      ^^d  had  in  confequence   withdrawn  from   fo 

advifer:     frequently  or  publickly  as  before  taking  part  in 

the  proceedings   of  the  Houfe.     So  early  as 

during  the  Remonftrance  Debates,  indeed,  he 

was,  as   in  a  former  work  has  been  fhown,J 

Supplies     fupplying  the  King  with  refolutions  ^nd  papers 

perTand"  o^  the  Houfe  in  their  firft  rough  draft ;  and, 

mforma-    \^   many  paflages  of  the  Memoir  written   by 

himfelf,  his   modus   operandi   is   defcribed    in 

•  MS.  State  Paper  Office.    Thos.  Smith  (from  York  Houfe) 
to  Admiral  Pennington  :  January,  1641-2. 
f  Life,  i.  98-100. 
X  See  my  Hijl,  and  Biog.  EJfays,  i.  14.2,  &c. 


§  XXII.     Lord  Digby  and  Mr.  Hyde.  209 

detail,  entirely  without  difguife,  and  even  with 
a  chuckling  felf-fatiffadlion.*     He   feems    to 
take  an  odd  kind  of  pride,  in  avowing  openly  Playing 
the  double  part  he  played  in  the  Houfe  and  in  faifg. 
the  back  fcenes  of  the  Court ;  while  he  was 
unfcrupuloufly  ufing  his  opportunities  of  ob- 
taining knowledge  of  the  fecrets  of  the  popular 
leaders,   for  no  other  purpofe  than  to  betray  Betrays 
them  to  the  King.       Several  curious  uncon- ^^j^^"^" 
fcious  illuftrations  of  the  fame  double-dealing  the  King. 
are  recorded  alfo  in  the  Journal  of  D'Ewes. 
When,    fhortly   after    thefe   events.    Lord 

*  For  example  {Life,  i.  102-3):  "  And  fo  they  (Vifcount  Private 
"  Falkland,  Sir  John  Colepepper,  and  Mr.  Hyde)  met  every  meetings 
"  night  late  together,  &  communicated  their  observations  &  Jn  Hyde's 
"  intelligence  of  the  day ;  &  fo  agreed  what  was  to  be  done  lodeine;s. 
"  or  attempted  the  next ;  there  being  very  many  perfons  of 
**  condition  &  intereft  in  the  Houfe  who  would  follow  their 
"  advice,  &  aflift  in  anything  they  defired  .  .  .  And  after 
"  their  deliberation  together,  what  was  to  be  put  in  writing 
"  was  always  committed  to  Mr.  Hyde  ;  and  when  the  King 
"  had  left  the  town,  he  writ  as  freely  to  the  King  as  either 
"  of  the   others  did    ....  and  now  when  the    governing 
"  party  had  difcovered  the  place  of  the   nightly  meetings, 
"  that  a  Secretary  of  State  and  a  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
"  every  day  went  to  the  lodging  of  a  private  perfon,  who 
"  ought  to  attend  them,  they  believed  it  a  condefcenfion  that 
"  had  fome  other  foundation  than  mere  civility."     And  in 
another  remarkable  paflage  he  fays  (i.  130-133):  "  They  had  Sufpicions 
"  long  detefted  and  fufpeiled  Mr.  Hyde,  from  the  time  of  againft 
"  their  firft  Remonftrance,  for  framing  the   King's  meflages  hira. 
"  and  anfwers,  which  they  now  every  day  received,  to  their 
"  intolerable  vexation  :  yet  knew   not  how  to   accufe  him. 
"  But  now  that  the  Earls  of  Eflex    and    Holland  had  dif- 
"  covered  his  being  (hut  up  with  the  King  at  Greenwich,  and  Hyde  fhut 
"  the  Marquis  of  Hamilton  had  once  before  found  him  very  up  with 
**  early  in  private  with  the  King  at  Windfor,  at  a  time  when  Charles. 
'*  the  King  thought  all  paflages  had  been  flopped  ;  together 
"  with  his  being  of  late  more  abfent  from  the  Houfe  than  he 
"  had  ufed  to  be ;  and  the  refort  of  the  other  two  every  night 
"  to  his  lodging,  as  is  mentioned  before  j  fatiffied  thena  that 
"  he  was  the  perfon." 


2 1  o  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

Compton,  the  member  for  Warwickfhire,  and 
Sir  Edward  Baynton,  who  fat  for  Chippenham, 
had  been  fent  with  a  meflage  from  the  Houfe 
Complaint  to  the  King,  replying  to  a  complaint  againft 
^in^       o^^  o^  Pym's  fpeeches,  they  reported  on  their 
againft      return    that    they    had    duly    delivered    the 
meflage,  and  that  the  King  gave  them  for  an 
anfwer  that  he  was  altogether  unfatiffied  that 
Mr.  Pym  had  any  ground  for  the  bold  affer- 
tion    he  had    made.      Whereupon    Mr.  Pym 
Pym's       flood  up  and  faid  he  conceived  there  needed 
no  further  declaration  to  fatiffy  his  Majefty ; 
and  Sir  Edward  Baynton  called  the  attention 
of  the  Houfe  to  the  fad,  that  fuch  reply  from 
his  Majefty  was  not  given  upon  the  fudden, 
for  that,  as  they  gathered  from  fome  expreflions 
MefTages    of  the  King,  "  he  had  feen  the  faid  meffage 
voted.        "  before  they  gave  it  him."  *     In  like  manner 
alfo,  when,  fome  week  or  two  earlier,  the  famous 
ftruggle  with  the  King  upon  the  Newmarket  De- 
claration had  been  in  progrefs,  D'Ewes  relatesf 
The  that  "Mr.  Pym  delivered  in  a  letter  diredled 

Houfe  tc  ^.Q  j^jjj^^  fuperfcribed  *  John  Pym,  Efq.  at 
againft  "  '  his  Lodgings  in  Weftminfter,'  which  had 
treachery.  ,,  ^^^^  ^^^^^  ^^  S\mon  Richardfon  and  John 

"  Walker,  two  watchmen  of  Weftminfter,  in 

*'  the  Palace  Yard.     It  had  no  name  to  it : 

Letter  to    "  but  the  writer  faid  in  y<^  beginning  of  it  that 

^™'        "  not   knowing   how    to   venture   fafely,    he 

•  Harl.  MSS.  163,  f,  438  b.  f  Ibid  163,  f.  246  a. 


§  XXII.     Lord  Digby  and  Mr.  Hyde.  211 

'  had  fent  him  this  letter,  and  caufed  it  to  be 
^  dropped  in  the  ftreet,  having  done  {o  with 
'  two  formerly  :  notwithftanding  his  danger  if 

*  he  fhould  be  difcovered,  yet  he  had  adven- 
^  tured  out  of  love  to  his  country  to  give  him 

^  timely  warning.     That  nothing  was  done  in  Able 
'  the  Houfe,  butfome  able  members  amongft  us  X^^^m^A 
^  Jent  it  J  as  well  as  all  mejfages  intended  for  againft. 

*  him  J  to  his  Majejly  before  they  came  from  us, 

*  and  fent  him  alfo  heads  ready  framed  for  his 

'  anfwers.     That  the  King  was  refolved  to  King's 

*  ufe  force,  and  that  we  fhould  find  the  Navy  ^ons!^^" 
^  of  England  turned  againft   us.     That  he 

*  had  heard  the  King  fay  he  had  the  nobility, 
'  gentry,  and  divers  honeft  men  of  his  fide. 

^  That  the  Parliament  had  irritated  the  mili-  Parlia- 
'  tary  men  and  denied  them  employment  in  j^angen 

*  Ireland,  and  fo  prepared  fwords  for  their 
'  own  throats." 

The  contents  of  the  letter 'it  is  not  necefiary 
further  to  dwell  upon,  but  circumftances  gave 
to  them  afterwards  much  weight ;  and  that 
Hyde  was  diftinctly  aimed  at,  every  one  ap-  Charge 
pears  to  have  taken  for  granted.  Means  were  jj'Tde.  ^ 
adopted  immediately  after  to  put  fome  check 
to  his  opportunities  of  treachery  ;  but  the  faft 
of  fuch  fecret  enemies  exifting  within  the 
Houfe,  more  dangerous  than  its  open  affailants, 
and  fufpedted  ftrongly  while  yet  the  truth  was 
not  perfedlly  eftablifhed,  fhould  avail  againft 
any  hafty  or  harfti  judgment  of  the  precaution- 

p  2 


212  Arrefl  of  the  Five  Members. 

Self-de-     ^j-y  g^j^(£  repreflive  meafures  which  it  forced  in 

fence  •'        r  \r        r 

agalnft      fheer  felf-defence  upon  the  leaders. 

treachery.       yj^^^  fufpicion    fhould  have  lighted   upon 

Hyde,  moreover,  as  foon  as  the  King's  attempt 

was  made,  will  hardly   feem   furprifing  after 

the     fecret    hiftory    that    D'Ewes    difclofes. 

Hydeac-   This   fufpicion   he   frankly   confefles    himfelf. 

advlfing     He  tells  us  *  that  fome  friends  of  his    who 

arreft :      Joved  him  vcry  well,  had  warned  him  that  he 

was  pointed  at  as  one  of  the  contrivers  of  the 

arreft,  all    the    more  certainly   becaufe  of  his 

known  friendfhip  with  Digby ;  and  they  had 

fuggeftlon  advifed  him  fo  to  carry  himfelf,  in  the  debates 

friends  not  which  {hould  arife  upon  it,  that  it  might  evi- 

to  defend   dently  appear  that  he  did  not  approve  of  it,  or 

was  privy  to  it.     Notwithftanding  which  good 

advice,  he  adds  in  another  place,  he  did  fpeak 

on  a  particular  occafion  in  a  fenfe  adverfe  to 

the  claim  of  parliamentary  privilege  in  matters 

of  treafon,   though  amid   noife  and  clamour, 

and  with  wonderful  evidence  of  diflike.f     He 

Alleged     cven  profefTes  to  give  an  abftradl  of  what  he 

fpeech   ^  ^^}^ .  ^j^j  would  appear  to  have  faid  fo  ill,  that, 

peach-       but  for  the  purpofe  of  fhowing  how  poor  was 

the  ftrongeft  cafe  that  fuch  an  advocate  could 

put  againft  the  overwhelming  argument  on  the 

other  fide,  it  would  not  be  neceflary  to  give 

an  abftrad  of  it  here.   It  is  only  by  a  perfiftent 

Grofs  mif-  mifreprefentation  that  he  makes  out  any  cafe 

reprefen-    ^^  ^|j .  £qj.  \^  cannot  be  too  often  repeated  that 

♦  Hift.n.  136.  t  mjl.  ii.  138,  139. 


§  XXII.     Lord  Digby  and  Mr.  Hyde.  213 

never,  from  the  firft  of  thefe  proceedings  to  '^^'on 
the   laft,  was  It  aflumed  on  the  fide  of  the 
accufed  members  that  privilege  of  ParHament 
could  or  ought  to  run  in  a  cafe  of  felony  or 
treafon. 

On   the   occafion   now  pretended    (for   no  Pretended 
circumftance  of  identification  Is  connedled  withfoj.fpee"h. 
the  fpeech,  and  no  clue  given  to  when  it  was 
fpoken,  beyond  the  general  ftatement  that  it 
was  upon  certain  votes  being  propofed  ^'  at  the 
"  Committee"   to   be   fubmitted   at   the  re- 
aflembllng  at  Weftmlnfter),  Hyde  took  upon 
himfelf  to  warn  the  Houfe  to  take  heed  that  Argument 
they  did  not,  out  of  tendernefs  of  their  privl-  °  ^^^^^^  '* 
lege,  which  was  and  muft  be  very  precious  to 
every   man,  extend  it  further    than  the  law 
would  fufFer  it  to  be  extended  ;  that  the  Houfe 
had  always  been  very  fevere  upon  the  breach 
of  any  of  their  privileges,  and  In  the  vindi-  no  privl- 
cating  thofe  members  who  were  Injured  ;    but  fekMiy°or 
that  the  difpofing  men   to  make   themfelves  treafon : 
judges,   and  to  refcue  themfelves  or   others, 
might  be  of  evil  confequence,  and  produce  ill 
effects  :  at  leaft  if  it  fhould  fall  out  to  be,  that 
the  perfons  were  arrefted  for  treafon,  or  felony, 
or  breach  of  the  peace  ;    in  either  of  which 
cafes,  there  would  be  no  privilege  of  Parlia- 
ment.*    All  which  was  as  well  known  to  Mr.  undif- 
Pym   and  Mr.  Hampden  as  to  Mr.   Hyde,  Pym  and 
nor  was   the   remoteft   pretence  to  aflert   or  Hampden. 

•  Hift.  ii.  138-9. 


2 1 4  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 

juftify  the   contrary  ever   fet   up   by  either. 

They   muft  have   fcouted  fuch  arguments,  if 

employed  at  all  ;  and  the  real  truth  I  believe 

to  be,  that  fuch  a  fpeech  was  never  fpoken. 

Of  courfe    it   tells  extremely  well    in    the 

Imputa-    Hiftory    of  the    Rebellion,    that    Mr.  Hyde, 

*'°"  o       amid  noife  and  clamour,  and  with  wonderful 

leaders  of  evidence  of  diflike,  fhould  have  taken  a  line  of 

mons.    '  reafoning  fo  manifeftly  juft,  that  if  we  believe 

him  to  have  ufed  it,  and  that  fuch  was  the 

reception  given  to  it,  we  muft  attribute  to  the 

leaders  on  the  other  fide,  to  whom  he  profefles 

to  have  been  replying,  a  tone  and  argument 

as  manifeftly  unycA..     It  will  hereafter  be  feen 

more  plainly  how  falfe  fuch  an  inference  would 

be.     Suffice    it  for  the  prefent  to   point   out 

No  proof  that  no  trace  of  any  fuch  remarks  by  Hyde, 

that'tl^     o^    o^  ^'^^    participation    in    one    of  the  de- 

fpeech  was  bates    arifmff    out    of  thefe    tranfadions,    is 

Ipoken.  ^^  11-  n  r  T< 

dilcoverable  in  any  niape  or  form.  From  the 
expreflions  ufed  it  might  be  aflumed,  that  he 
was  fpeaking  on  the  Refolution  of  the  Houfe 
that  any  one  attempting  to  give  effed  to  the 
confefled  illegality  of  the  Impeachment,  by 
arrefting  the  Members  whom  it  accufed,  and 
whom  the  King,  in  a  fubfequent  as  illegal  pro- 
clamation, had  outlawed,  would  be  guilty  of  a 
Hyde  not  breach  of  privilege.  But  he  was  certainly  not 
Houfe :  prefent  when  that  refolution  was  moved.  He 
feems  to  wifti  us  to  infer,  that  the  fpeech  might 
have  been  delivered  on  one  of  the  days  when 


§  XXII.     Lord  Dighy  and  Mr.  Hyde.  215 

the  Grocers'  Hall  Committee  were  preparing  nor  at 
refolutions  to  be    pafled  on    the    Houfe   re-  ^^ 
aflembling.*  But  D'Ewes  has  carefully  reported  S'^?^^'^' 
each  day's  proceeding  of  that  Committee,  with- 
out the  remoteft  reference  to  Hyde. 

It  was  eafy,  in  fhort,  with  no  record  of  the 
debates  exifting  to  confront  him,  to  take  the 
credit  of  having  fb  fpoken,  and  to  fling  upon 
the  popular    leaders  the  difcredit    of  having 
forced  him  fo  to  fpeak.     D'Ewes  now  enables 
us  to  ftate,  however,  with  an  almoft  abfolute 
certainty,  that  not  even  on  one  occafion  did  No  evi- 
this  adive  member  of  the  Houfe,  this  incefTant  Hydetoo\; 
and  untiring  orator  againft  the  Remonftrance,  P^J"* »" 
fpeak  for  or  againft  the  proceedings  of  the  3rd  arreft. 
and  4th  of  January  .■!■     His  name  nowhere  ap- 
pears as  having  been  even  prefent.     Culpeper 
and  Falkland,    Sir   Ralph   Hopton  and   Mr. 
Herbert  Price,  noted  partizans  of  the  King, 
are  in  the  lift  of  the  Committee  appointed  to 

*  It  is  a  very  fignificant  circumftance,  with  reference  to  the  Incon- 
doubt  thus  fuggefted,  that  in  his  text  as  undoubtedly  left  by  fiftency 
himfelf  (in  a  lair  copy  made  by  his  fecretary)  for  publication,  in  Hyde's 
the  introduftion  to  the  mention  of  this  fpeech  is   limply  :  MS. 
"  And  thefe  votes  the  Houfe  confirmed,  when  they  were 
"  reported  :  though  in  the  debate  it  was  told  them,  &c."  It  is 
only  from  the  notes  and  additions  found  by  comparifon  with 
one  of  his  additional  illuftrative  papers   (lettered  B),  that  the 
words  to  be  now  quoted  in  Italics  are  fupplied  by  the  edition 
of  1826:    "And  thefe  votes   the    Houfe   confirmed,   when 
"they  were  reported:    'which  caufed fame  debate,  and  Mr. 
"  Hyde  {notiuithjlanding  the  good  advice  that  had  been  gi'ven 
"  to  him)  told  them"  Sec.  &c.  ii.  139. 

t  When  upon  a  former  occafion  Hyde's  abfence  was  re- 
marked, his  friend  Falkland  had  to  fuggeft  an  excufe  for  it 
(Clarendon's  State  Papers,  ii.  141,  where  the  letter,  manifeftly 
belonging  to  March  1640-4.1  is  placed  under  1642)  :  fo  con- 
ftant  and  punftual  were  his  ordinary  attendances. 


2i6  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members . 

meet  in  the  City  ;   but  not  Hyde.     Many  not 

on  the  lift  of  the  Committee,  to  which  all  who 

came  had  voices,  are  yet  carefully  recorded   as 

taking  part  in  the  debates.    But  no  where  do  we 

Reafons     find  Hyde's  name.     He  feems  to  have  been 

ing  him-   fo    imprcfTed  by  that    advice  of   the  friends 

^elf.  ^i-^o  loved  him,  to  be  careful  not  to  fliow  anv 

approval  of  the  King's  attempt,  as  for  the  time 

to  abfent  himfelf  from  the  Houfe  altogether. 

Prudent  advice  it  unqueftionably  was,  and 
given  doubtlefs  by  men  who  not  only  knew 
the    need  for    it  in   the  particular   cafe,    but, 
friendly  to  the  King  as  they  were,  faw  the  real 
iiTue  which  his  failure  had  made  inevitable,  and 
His  help    which  Hyde  could   now  better  help  by  other 
ful  elfe-     methods  than  that  of  public  fpeaking  in  par- 
where.      liament.     It  fhifted  the  ftruggle  to  other  fcenes 
than  thofe  it  had  heretofore  occupied.     Mr. 
Hallam   is  no   friendly  critic  of  the  popular 
leaders  at  this  crifis,  but  he  finds  himfelf  com- 
pelled to  admit  that  the  fingle  falfe  ftep  which 
Appeal  to  rendered  the  King's  affairs  irretrievable  by  any- 
force.        thing  fhort  of  civil  war,  and  placed  all  recon- 
ciliation at   an  infuperable  diftance,    was  the 
attempt  to  feize  the  five  members  within  the 
walls   of  the    Houfe.*       Plainly,    it   was  an 

Hallam's         *  Conft.  Hijl.  ii.  126  (ed.  1855).     "  An  evident  violation," 

view  of       Mr.  Hallam  adds,  "not  of   common  privilege,  but  of  all 

impeach-    "  fecurity  for  the  independent  exigence  of  parliament,  in  the 

ment.  "  mode  of  its  execution."     The  paflage  of  his  Monarchy  or 

no  Monarchy  (ed.   1651),  in  which  William    Lilly  expreflly 

records  his  opinion  that  the  aft  of  the  4.th  January  1641-2 

coft  Charles  the  Firft  his  crown,  is  well  worth  fubjoining  for 


§  XXII.     Lord  Digby  and  Mr.  Hyde.  217 

appeal  to  force.     Both  parties  felt  it,  and  both 
inftindlively  turned  in  the  diredion  where  alone, 

the  curious  fafts  it  contains,  and  for  its  incidental  corroboration 

of  much  that  has  been  adverted  to  in  my  text.     After  remarking  William 

that  the  refult  proved  that  the  King  had  really  no  evidence  Lilly  as  to 

againft  the  acculed  members  but  his  own  thoughts,  as  he  him-  arreft  of 

felf  confeffed,  he  proceeds:   "And  furely,  had  it  been  in  his  uiembers. 

"  power  to  have  got  their  bodies,  he  would  have  ferved  thefe 

"  members  as  he  did  Sir  John  Eliot,  whom  without  caufe  he 

"  had  committed  to    the    Tower,   and   never  would-  either 

"  releafe  him,  or  (how  caufe  of  his  commitment,  till  his  death. 

"  This  rafli  aflion  of  the  King's  loft  him  his  crown.     For,  as  Coft  the 

"  he  was  the  firft  of  kings  that  ever,  or  fo  imprudently,  brake  King  his 

**  the  privileges  by  his  entrance  into  the  Houfe  of  Commons  crown, 

"  aflembled  in  parliament,  fo,  by  that  unparalleled  demand  of 

"  his,  he  utterly  loft  himfelf,  and  left  fcarce  any  pofFibility  of 

'*  reconcilement  j  he  not  being  willing  to  truft  them,  nor  they  All  confi- 

"  to  ti-uft  him,   who  had  fo  often  failed  them.     It  was  my  dence  at 

"  fortune  that  day  to  dine  in  Whitehall,  and  in  that  room  an  end. 

"  where  the  Halberts,  newly  brought  from  the  Tower,  were 

"  lodged  fortheufe  of  fuch  as  attended  the  King  to  the  Houfe 

"  of  Commons.     Sir  Peter  Wich,  ere  we  had  fully  dined,  A  dinner 

"  came  into  the  room  I  was  in,  and  brake  open  the  chefts  party  on 

'*  wherein  the  aims  were,   which  frighted  us  all  that  were  day  of 

"  there.  However,  one  of  our  company  got  out  of  doors,  and  arreft. 

"  prefently  informed  fome  members  that  the  King  was  pre- 

"  paring  to  come  in  to  the  Houfe  :  elfe  I  believe   all  thofe 

"  members,  or  fome  of  them,  would  have  been  taken  in  the 

"  Houfe.     All  that  /  could  do  farther  was  prefently  to  be 

'*  gone.     But  it  happened  alfo  the  fame  day  that  fome  of 

"  my  neighbours  were  at  the  Court  of  Guard  at  Whitehall, 

"  unto  whom   I  related  the  King's  prefent  defign,  and  con-  Belief  as 

"  jured  them  to  defend  the  Parliament  and  members  thereof,  to  outrage 

"  in  whofe  well  or  ill  doing  confifted  our  happinefs  or  mif-  intended. 

"  fortune.     They  promifed  afliftance,  if  need  were  j  and  I 

"  believe,  would  have  ftoutly  ftood  to  it  for  defence  of  the 

"  Parliament  or  members  thereof.     The  King  loft  his  reputa- 

"  tion  exceedingly  by   this   his  improvident  and  unadvifed 

"  demand  :  yet,  notwithftanding  his  failure  of  fuccefs  in  the 

"  attempt,  fo  wilful  and  obftinate  was  he,  in  purfuance  of  that  King's 

"  prepofterous  courfe  he  intended,  and  lb  defnous  to  compafs  obftinacy. 

"  the  bodies  of  thofe  five  members,  that  the  next  day  he  pofted 

"  and  trotted  into  the  City  to  demand  the  members  there :  he 

"  convened  a  meeting  at    the   Guildhall,  and   the  Common 

"  Council  aflembled  :  but  mum  could  he  get  there  ;  for  the 

"  word,     London   Derry,    was   then    frefti   in    every   man's 

"  mouth."     Some  years  before,  againft  the  advice  even  of 

Strafford    himfelf,  the  City  of  London  had  been  dragged 


2 1 8  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

for  either,  now  Jay  ftrength  and  fafety.   Every- 
Impreflion  thing  depended  hereafter  on  the  impreflion  to  be 

to  be  made  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ^         -    . 

on  the       made  upon  the  people,  and  on  the  relponle  it 
people.      might  be  pofTible  to  obtain  from  the  great  mafs 
of  the  inhabitants  of  London. 


%  XXIII.     Sir  Simonds  D'Ewes  and 
Speaker  Lenthal. 

Further         BuT    before   refuming   the   courfe   of  my 
narrative    narrative,  already  interrupted  by  the  neceflity 
requned.    q^  interpofing  the  foregoing  feftion,  it  feems 
defirable  to  make  further  paufe   for  introduc- 
tion of  other  matter  alfo   of  a  perfonal  kind, 
from  which  not  merely  the  general  fubjedt,  but 
the  particular  fcenes  in  which  its  ftriking  intereft 
confifts,     will    receive    eflential    illuftration. 
What  is  foon  to   pafs    in   debate  within  the 
Houfe,  or  at  Guildhall  or   Grocers'  Hall  in 
the    City,    during   thofe    days  of   excitement 
following  the  attempted  arreft  which  wait  to 
be  defcribed,  will  have  for  its  principal  autho- 
Manu-      rity  the  Journal  of  D'Ewes ;  and  while  that 
Diary  of    Hch  and  curious  manufcript  lies  open   before 
D  Ewes :    j^^^  j  pj-Qpofe,  before  paifing  to   thofe  later 
fcenes,   to  draw  from   it  fome  inftances  and 
examples  in  proof  of  its  claim  to  be  received 
as  an   authentic  record,  by  which   the   pecu- 

into  the  Star  Chamber,  and,  on  the  falfe  pretence  of  fome 
invalidity  of  a  grant  by  James  the  Firft,  mulded  not  only  of 
their  plantation  of  Derry,  but  in  a  heavy  fine  as  well. 


§  XXIII.     D'Ewes  and  Speaker  Lenthal.  219 

liarities  both  of  D'Ewes   and  Lenthal  will  be 
charafteriftically  difplayed,  and  amufing  as  well  illuftra- 
as   valuable   information   afforded    as    to   the  d°awn°   ^ 
forms,    the    ufages,    the    difcipline,    and   the  from  It. 
management  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons,*  in 
thefe  memorable  days  of  its  hiftory. 

Let  me,  then,  firft  imprefs  upon  the  reader 
(it  cannot  be  done  too  often  or  too  ftrongly) 
that  Sir  Simonds  D'Ewes  is  really,  in  regard 
to    all    the   matters  under   difcuflion    in  thefe 
pages,   fo  far  a  moft  reliable  witnefs,  that  his  D'Ewes  a 
fympathies  were    never   decidedly,   or  at   all  wimefs. 
adively,  with  the  members  accufed  or  any  of 
their  more  intimate  friends.     Within  certain 
limits,  his   flrong  Puritan   opinions,  and  the 
deference  really  felt  for,  and  paid  to,  his  know- 
ledge of  precedents  and  conftitutional  forms, 
caufed  him  to  ad  fteadily  with  them  ;  but  the  Not  a 
more  attention  he  received,  the  more  he  was  gj^n°"^ 
difpofed  to  claim,  until,  taking  literally  a  half  P^'^ty 
jefting  remark  made  by  Sir  William  Lytton  f 
that  really  the  Houfe  could  not  poffibly  fpare 
him,  he  put  himfelf  forward  fo  inceffantly  on 
every    queftion,   embarrafled  fo  many  by  his 
pedantic    exaggeration   of    trifling    rules    and 

*  For  others  I  may  be  allowed  to  refer  the  reader  (all 
repetitions  here  of  matter  formerly  publifhed  being  carefully 
avoided)  to  the  notes  to  the  Eflay  on  the  Debates  of  the  Grand 
Remonftrance  in  Hiji.  and  Biog.  EJfays,  i.  1-175. 

•f-  He  had  been  of  material  lervice  to  the  member  for 
Hertfordfhire  in  expofmg  the  forged  fignatures  to  a  royalift 
petition  from  that  county.     See  my  Hifi.  and  Biog,  E/fays, 


220  Arreji  of  the  Five  Memhers. 

forms,  and  fpared  the  Houfe  itfelf  fo  little, 

that  even   his  extraordinary  learning   loft   its 

DIfFer-      relifh,  and  he  fell  into  fad  perfonal  differences 

the  leaders.  "^^^^  ^^  leaders,  even  while  in  hearty  agreement 

with  their  general  policy  and  aims.    Hampden 

became  too    *' ferpentine"  and   "fubtle"  for 

him.      Denzil  HoUis  was  too  "  proud  "  and 

"  ambitious."      Strode  was  too    much    of  a 

"  firebrand  "    and    "  notable    profaner  of  the 

Scriptures,"   and   had    "  too    hot   a  tongue." 

Epithets     Glyn    alfo  was   a  "  fwearing  profane  fellow." 

th^popu-^  Hafelrig  was  too  "violent."  Harry  Marten  was 

lar  chiefs,  a  "  fiery  heathen,"  and  had  a  too  "  fcurrilous 

"  and  windy  wit."  With  a  fneer,  in  like  manner, 

he  qualifies  an  attack  upon  the  impetuofity  of 

Nathaniel  Fiennes,   "  though  he  hath  amongft 

"  his  other  good  parts  an  able  voice."     And 

if  he  does  not   ufe    the  fame  tone  or  apply 

fimilar  epithets  to  Pym  (all  now  quoted  were 

Why  more  g^ppjjg(^  within  a  vcry  few    weeks  of  the  in- 

Pym.        cidents   in  this  narrative,  for,  at  a  later  time, 

he   ufed    even    lefs    fcrupulous   fpeech),   it  is 

becaufe    that     great    popular  leader,    with    a 

profound    knowledge  of   the  ftrength  of  his 

Pym  more  party,  had  alfo  a  wife  deference  for  the  weak- 

hlm!^"  °  nefles  and  vanity   of  individual  members   of 

it,  and  was  always  ready  with   the  conceffion 

that    fubftantially    yielded    nothing,    while    it 

foftened  anger,  quieted  fears,  and  was  foothing 

to  felf-efteem. 

To  take  one  inftance  out  of  many,  which  will 


§  XXIII.     D' Ewes  and  speaker  Lenthal.  ill 

alfo  fhow  the  perfonal  pofition  in  which  D'Ewes 
generally  flood  to  the  party  with  whom  com- 
monly he  adedj  I  give  his  account  of  an  inci- 
dent, full  of  charadter,  which  arofe  out  of  the 
difcuflion  of  one  of  the  anfwers  to  a  meflage  Dlfcuffion 
of  the  King  in  the  courfe  of  the  prefent  dif-  "JfJ^gj-s  to 
ferences.     Pym  had  drawn  up  the  anfwer,  and  a  royal 
fome    expreflions     in    it    were     ftrongly    ob-        °  ' 
jedted  to  by  Mr.  John  Vaughan,  the  Royalift 
member   for  Cardigan,  when  fuddenly  it   oc- 
curred to  D'Ewes  that  there  might  be  fome- 
thing  in  the  objedtion  fo  taken. 

"  Mr.  Pym  read  the  Anfwer,  or  Declara- 
"  tion,    to   his    Majefty's   meflage.       Divers 
"  called  to  have  it  put  to  the   queftion,  but  objeftion 
"  Mr.  Vaughan   ftood  up  and  defired  us  to  ^q^"i|J[ 
"  confider  well  two  things  in  it  :  i.  the  King's  members. 
"  railing   of  men  to  be  to  the  terror  of  his 
*'  people  ;    ii.    where  we   faid   we  would  not 
*^  obey  his   Commiflioners.       Mr.  Pym  anf- 
"  wered  him  fomewhat  fuperficially"  (D'Ewes 
means,  in   the  literal  fenfe  of  the  word,  that 
Pym  fpoke  curforily  or  flightingly),  "  and  yet 
"  divers  called  to  put  the  Declaration  to  the  D'Ewes 
"  queftion  :    which    made    me,  iuft    as    the  ^u^^S^^^ 

Tl  ^  'J  objecuon. 

"  Speaker  was  ftanding  up  to  put  the  quef- 

"  tion,  to  fay  " — urging  thereon  more  ftrongly 

Mr.   Vaughan's  objedion.      "  As  I  was  pro- 

"  ceeding,"    he    refumes,    "  fome     indifcreet 

"  and    violent    fpirits    interrupted    me,     and !« aflkiled 

"  called  —  to    the    Queftion  !       Whom    the  fp^irks?  ^^^ 


222  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members, 

Perfifts  in  "  Speaker  having  firft  reproved,  I  went  on." 

[hem°       The  worthy  Baronet  very  decidedly  exprefled 

himfelf,  in  fhort,   in  favour  of  moderate  and 

conciliatory  fpeech.      "  It  concerned  us  much 

"  to  weigh  all  our  expreflions,  and  not  leave 

"  the  kingdom  without  all  hope  or  poffibility 

"  of  an  accomodation  between  his  Majefty  and 

'^  us,  left  fo  we  precipitate  things  into  fpeedy 

Receives    "  confufion.     After  I  had  done  Mr.   Peard 

agement.    "  ftood  Up,  and  did    with    great  vehemency 

"  reprove  thofe  indifcreet  and  foolifh  members 

"  who    had    interrupted    me    firft:    fhowing 

* '  breach  of  privilege,  &c.     When  I  fat  down, 

"  many  difcreet  and  fober  members  called  on 

"  me  ftill  to  fpeak  and  go  on.     And  Mr.  Pym 

*^  alfo,  who  had  made  report  of  the  faid  Decla- 

Pym's       "  ration,  did  with  much  difcretion  and  modefty 

tion  and     "  approve  what  I    had  fpoken,  and  coming 

n-.odefty:"  cc  himfelf  to  the  Clerk's  table,  did  amend  the 

"  faid  Declaration  according  to  the  advice  I 

"  had  given."     (It  involved  little  beyond  the 

change  of  a  few  letters.)     "Which  being  read 

adopts       "  was  approved  of,  and  thofe  indifcreet  fpirits 

ment?^"  '  "  ^^^^  interrupted  me  had  not  a  word  to  fay 

"  againft  it."* 
Mr.  Strode  On  the  Other  hand  obferve  the  condudt  of 
that  "  firebrand  "  Mr.  Strode,  on  a  precifely 
fimilar  occafion,  when  what  is  called  the 
Newmarket  Declaration  was  under  difcuffion. 
"  Divers,"  fays  D'Ewes,  "  fpake    after  me ; 

*  Harl.  MSS,   163,  f.  467  b.      Another  fimilar  inftance 


§  XXIII.     jyEwes  and  Speaker  Lenthal.  223 

"  and    Mr.    William    Strode,  having   fpoken  fpeaks 

"  twice  before,  flood   up  and  fpake  the  third 

"  time,  and  related  the  fame  matter  in  fub- 

"  fiance ;    which    made    me    fland    up    and 

' '  fpeak  to  the  order  of  the  houfe  and  inter- 

"  rupt  him,  &c.      He  fat    down,  and  divers  and  gets 

"  laughed,  and  fome  fpake  after  him." *  ^^^^^"^^^ 

Generally  it  is  to  be  remarked,  upon  all  thefe 
fcenes,  much  to  the  credit  of  the  Houfe,  that  Good 
the  moderation  and  temper  of  D'Ewes,  when  the^Houfe. 
difcreetly  put  forward,  feems  hardly  ever  to  have 
failed  of  its  eiFedt.     When  the  Declaration  was 
under  difcuffion,  in  which,  upon  intelligence 
received  of  the  fchemes  fet  on  foot  for  raifing 
money   abroad,  fome  very  plain  truths  were 
addrefTed  to  the  King,  he  interfered,  almofl  Modera- 
as  zealoufly  as  Sir  Ralph  Hopton,  and  much  S'Ewes 
more  fuccefffully,  to  obtain  abatement  of  fome 
of  its  terms.     He  had  left  the  Houfe  between 
four  and  five  o'clock  that  afternoon,-}-  while  the 
debate   was   in   progrefs,  and   on  his   return 
between  five  and  fix  he  found  Sir  Ralph  with- 
drawn into  the  committee  chamber,  and  the 

will  be  found  of  a  moderating  expreffion  moved  by  Pym  and 
feconded  by  D'Ewes,  Ibid  163,  f.  518  b. 

•  Harl.  MSS.  163,  f.  431  a. 

f  In  a  charafteriltic  entry  of  earlier  date,  D'Ewes  lets  us 
into  the  fecret  of  thefe  retreats  from  the  Houfe  during  the 
afternoon  hours  of  a  long  debate.     "I  returned  into  the 
*'  Houfe,"  he  fays,    "between  5  and  6  o'clock  at  night,  and 
'*  it  was  my  good   fortune  that  I  withdrew   fo    feafonably  With- 
"  between  2  and  3  as  I  did,  having  by  that  means  freedom  drawing 
"  for  fome  hours,  and  convenience  of  fupping  in  time,  and  on  for 
**  my  return  I  heard  almoft  the  whole  matter  debated  over  fupper. 
"  again."     Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  354.  b. 


224 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


Propofed 
cenlure  of 
Sir  Ralph 
Hopton. 


Pope 
foliciting 
help 
againft 
Englifh 
Parlia- 
ment. 


Houfe  in  fharp  debate  what  cenfure  to  lay 
upon  him.  '*  The  words  he  had  fpoken  were 
"  occafioned  on  the  reading  of  that  part  of 
"  the  Declaration  which  ihowed  that  the  Pope's 
"  Nuncio  had  folicited  the  Kings  of  France 
"  and  Spain  to  fend  each  of  them  4000/.  to 
"  his  Majefty  againft  the  Parliament,  and  that 
"  we  did  believe  his  Majefty  could  not  give 
*^  ear  to  fuch  counfels  unlefs  he  meant  to 
*^  change  his  religion.  Upon  which  the  faid 
"  Sir  Ralph  Hopton  ftood  up  and  fpake 
"  very  vehemently  againft  the  faid  article, 
**  faying,  amongft  other  particulars,  that  we 
"  did  thereby  charge  the  King  with  apoftacy.* 


King 
accufed  of 
Popifh 
defigns. 


Too  many 
grounds 
tor  fuch 
imputa- 
tion. 


Englifh 
politics  at 
Rome. 


Letter  to 
Hyde  from 
brother- 
in-law. 


*  Clarendon  refers  to  this  incident,  and  fays  that  Hopton 
charged  the  Houfe  with  accufmg  the  King  of  defigns  favourable 
to  Popery  on  evidence  that  would  not  hangaconftable.  But, 
to  fay  nothing  of  the  letters  found  after  Nafeby,  all  that  has 
fince  been  difcovered  of  the  fecret  purpofes  and  defperate 
expedients  reforted  to  by  Charles  the  Firft,  tends  direftly  to 
fliow  how  thoroughly  well  informed,  though  unable  always  to 
give  up  their  informants,  the  leaders  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons 
were.  As  to  Charles's  undoubted  negotiations  for  the  pro- 
curing foreign  help  againft  the  Parliament  on  condition  of 
fpecial  ceffions  to  the  Roman  Catholic  faith,  fee  my  EJfaySf 
i.  75-6.  Let  me  add  that  there  is  a  very  curious  letter  in  the 
Clarendon  State  Papers  (ii.  14.1-2)  which  may  be  quoted,  not 
only  in  aid  of  what  has  been  faid  (ante,  32  and  49)  of 
the  fufpicion  of  Secretary  Windebank's  illegal  praftices  in 
favour  of  the  Roman  Catholic  religion,  but  in  proof  of  the 
intereft  with  which  Englifh  politics  were  now  regarded  in 
Rome,  and  of  the  prudent  and  fomewhat  ominous  referve 
which,  precifely  at  the  very  date  of  the  incident  defcribed  in 
my  text,  had  fallen  fuddenly  on  the  Pope's  nephew  and  one  of 
the  leading  Cardinals,  otherwife  accuftomed,  as  it  would  feem, 
largely  to  indulge  in  garrulity  about  England.  Writing,  to  his 
brother-in-law  Hyde,  from  Rome  at  the  clofe  of  March  1642, 
Mr.  Ayleftjury  fays :  "  The  laft  week,  we  came  from  Naples  ; 
"  where  we  met  with  an  Englifh  Francifcan  Friar,  called 
"  Father  Morton ;  who  ufed  us  exceeding  civilly,  and  has  a 


§  XXIII.     lyEwes  and  Speaker  LenthaL  225 

"  After  which,  though  he  explained  himfelf,  Hopton's 
"  and  acknowledged  his  fault  to  proceed  from  °  ^""* 
"  his  miftake,  yet  the  Houfe  would   not  reft 
"  fatisfied,  but   caufed    him    to  withdraw."  * 
When   D'Ewes  entered,  Sir  Henry  Herbert, 
the  member  for  Bewdley,  was  fpeaking  in  miti- 
gation of  his    offence  (againft  a  proportion 
for   difabling    him   which    the    member    for  Hisexpul- 
Bletchingly,  Sir  John  Evelyn,  had  ftarted),  and  moved, 
in  favour  of  the  more  moderate  fuggeftion  that 
he  fhould  be  permitted  to  purge  his  fault  by  a 
few  days  lodgment  in  the  Tower.     Such  cen- 

"  great  mind  to  go  into  England  to  accufe  Secr^  Windebank 
"  of  greater  matters  than   the  parliament  ever   laid  to   his 
"  charge.     I  alTure  you  the  difcouri'e  he  makes   of  him   is 
"  very  good  fport ;  and  in  thefe   fad   times  I  could  wifh  you 
"  had  him  amongft  you  to  make  you  merry.     At  Rome  there 
"  are  graver  gentlemen  ;  but  I  underftand  nothing  of  them 
"  but  their  civility,  which  is  as  much  as  can  be  imagined. 
**  Indeed,  from  the  higheft  to  the  loweft,  they  are  all  fo.     The 
"  other  day  we  were  with  the  Cardinal  Francefco  Barberino, 
"  the  Pope's  nephew,  and  had  a  long  audience  of  him,  but  'Yhc 
"  not  a  word  of  England,  though  I  fought  all  I  could  to  put  popg's 
"  him  into  that  difcourfe  of  which  he  is  veiy  well  informed,  nephew  • 
"  and  at  other  times  liberal  enough.     For,  Sir  Walter  Pye 
"  having  been  with  him  fome  days  before,  all  his  difcourfe 
"  was  to  perfuade  him  that  the  troubles  of   England   and 
"  Ireland  have  never  been  fomented  by  any  of  the  Pope's 
"  minifters  :  and  that  they  all  wifhed  the  flourifhing  eftate  of  fays  he 
"  our  country.     Befides,  he  made  particular  mention  to  him  has  not 
"  of  Mr.  Pym,  Mr.  Hampden,  Mr.  Hollis,  and  fome  others."  fomented 
What  fort  of  "  particular  mention  "  Pym  and  Hampden  are  Englifti 
likely  to  have  attrafted  to  themfelves  in  the  halls  and  council  troubles, 
chambers  of  the  Vatican,  it  would  not  be  difficult  to  imagine  ; 
and  he  muft  have  been  a  very  clever  Cardinal  indeed  if  he 
managed  to  imprefs  any  Englifti  traveller  with  the  belief  that 
he,  one  of  the  higheft  dignitaries  of  the   Roman    Catholic  His**inte- 
Church,  took  an  impartial  intereft  in  the  welfare  of  thofe  reft"  in 
famous  members  of  the  Englifti  Commons.     The  reference,  Pym  and 
however,  is  at  leaft  remarkable.  Hampden. 

*  Harl.  MSS.  163,  f.  +10  3.-414  b. 


2  26  Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members, 

fures  being  very  much  matter  of  precedent, 

D'Ewes's  Sir  Simonds  at  once  plunged  into  the  debate, 

mitiga-'"   ^.nd  claimed  hearing  from  the  Speaker.     But 

tion.  Sir  John  Evelyn  was  fo  loudly  called  for,  that 

D'Ewes  was  fain,  after  beginning   his  fpeech, 

to  give  way.     "  After  Sir  John  fat  down,"  he 

proceeds,  ' '  I  flood  up  to  continue  my  former 

'^  fpeech  where  I  left  off;  but  fome  violent 

"  fpirits,  whom    otherwife    I    efteemed   very 

Inter-        "  honeft  men,  fearing  that  by  my  fpeaking  I 

the  hot  ^  "  might  prevent  the  putting  of  the  queftion 

fpirits.       "  for  difabling  Sir  Ralph,  which  I  did,  would 

*'  fain  have  interrupted  me,  crying  out  He  hath 

"  fpoken  !  he  hath  fpoken  !     But  they,  being 

"  foon  afhamed  of  the  breach  of  the  order  of 

"  the  Houfe  and  their  own  violence,   became 

"  filent  and  I  proceeded,  fhowing  that  indeed 

Appeals    '*  my   very  worthy  friend  on  the  other  fide 

^^'    "  (and  here  I  pointed  to  Sir  John  Evelyn) 

"  did  break  the  order  of  the  Houfe  in  inter- 

"  rupting  me  after  I  had  begun." 

The   refult   of  Sir  Simonds's   interference 

was   the  more    moderate    courfe    of  fending 

Hopton  to  the  Tower ;   and  when  Sir  Walter 

Earle,  upon  this,  moved  that  Sir  Ralph  fhould 

His  fug-    not  be  enlarged  but  in  a  full   Houfe,  D'Ewes 

adop°"d     fenfibly  pointed  out  what  injuflice  this  vague 

by  Houfe.  exprcffion    might    involve,   and   induced    the 

majority  to  confent  to  receive  the  petition  for 

releafe  on  any  day  when  tendered,  provided 

always  it  was  between  the  hours  of  two  and 


§  XXI II.     D'Ewes  and  Speaker  LenthaL  227 

four  o'clock.  He  then  goes  on  to  fay,  that,  the 
original    debate    on    the  Declaration    having  Makes 
been  refumed,  he  objeded  himfelf  to  expref-  objeaion 
iions   in  it,   "  condemniiig  them    almoft    as  to  Hop- 
"  much  as  Sir  R.  Hopton  had  done,  but  with 
*^  better  fuccefs,  for  amendment  enfued  on  my  ^j^j^ 
"  motion."     Still   he  was   not  fatiffied ;    and  better 

fucccis, 

when,  on  the  following  day,  it  was  finifhed  and 

pafled  upon  the  queftion,  he  adds :   ^  ^  many  par- 

"  ticulars  continuing  in  it,  full  of  irritating  and 

*'  rigid  expreflions  to  his  Majefty  concerning 

"  his  own  words  and  actions,  which  I  utterly 

"  mifliked :  for  we  might  have  declared  the  D'Ewes's 

"  whole  and  naked  truth  as  well  in  reverential  |^o^g°ate 

"  and  humble  words,  as  in  fo  high  and  afperous  fpeech. 

"  terms."* 

Upon  another  occafion,  however,  he  found  Another 
himfelf  lefs  decidedly  in  fympathy  with  that  JjJ|^^^"J 
ardent  royalift,  "  Hopton  of  the  Weft,"  and 


•  Harl.  MSS.  163,  f.  414  b.     On  that  fame  day  fo  re-  Remark- 
markable  an  entry  appears  alfo  in  D'Ewes's  Journal,  carrying  ^^ig  entry 
with   it  fuch  marks  of  generous  confideration  on  the  part  of  :„  Journal, 
the  Houfe  to  the  memory  of  a  great  opponent,  that  the  reader  * 
will  thank  me  for  fubjoining  it.     "  Upon  Mr.  Denzil  Hollis's 
"  motion  it  was  ordered  that  the  young  Earl  Strafford,  being 
**  fome  fifteen  years  old,  being  nephew  to  tlie  faid  Mr.  HoUis, 
"  being  his  filler's  fon,  and  whom  the  King  by  letters  patent 
"  created  Earl  Strafford  fince  the  attainder  of  his  father,  fhould  Generofity 
*'  continue  his  troop  in  Ireland  and  receive  his  pay  thereof,  of  Houfe 
"  though  he  were  not  there  prefent :  the  faid  Mr.  Hollis  under-  ^q  Straf- 
•*  taking  to  fee  his  abfence  properly  fupplied."     It  is  curious  ford's  fon. 
that  the  order  which  rendered  thisipecial  application  neceffary, 
was  one  introduced  under  the  government  of  the  young  man's 
father,  the  great  Earl ;  who  refilled  nothing  more  ftrongly  in 
Ireland  than  the  abufe  of  abfenteeifm  and  non-refidence  in 
every  polTible  form,  whether  it  were  in  the  captains  of  regiments 
or  the  proprietors  of  eftates, 

q2 


228  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

by  no  means  difpofed  to  mitigate  punifhment 

to  an  offending  member.     This  was  when  Sir 

Edward  Dering,  in  lefs  than  a  month  after  the 

arreft  of  the  members,  had  printed  his  fpeeches 

Sir  Ed-      againft  the  Grand  Remonftrance,  with  a  preface 

Derinff's    ^'^  ill-judged  and  indifcreet,  remarking  upon 

publifhed   members  of  the  Houfe  and  otherwife  fcandal- 

ipcechcs. 

izing   its  orders  of  debate,  that  opportunity- 
was  taken  to  vote  his  expulfion.    The  propofal 
found  an  ardent  fupporter  in  D'Ewes.     He 
had  no  mercy  for  any  one  who  departed  from 
precedent,  violated  old  ufage,  or  committed 
breaches  of  parliamentary  decorum  ;  and,  enter- 
D'Ewes's  ing  the  Houfe  juft  as  the  debate  began,  and 
tion^"^'    fi'^'^irig  attempts  made  to  evade  the  motion 
thereat,      by  no  fharper  cenfure  than  the  Tower,  he  tells 
us  that  he  loft  all  patience. 

'^  After  I  had  heard  divers  fpeak,"  he  fays, 

'^  and  faw  a  great  part  of  the  Houfe  begin  to 

"  incline  to   inflitl    no  other  punifliment  on 

"  him  than  fending  him  to  the  Tower,  I  was 

Would      ff  very  much  troubled  at  it;    efpecially  when 

Bering  ex-  "  Sir  R.  Hopton  faid   that  we  might  retain 

pelled.       cc  j^j^i  becauje  of  his  great  parts"     At  this, 

unable  to  contain  himfelf  any  longer,  he  ftarted 

up ;     detailed    the    offences    of   the    book ; 

denounced    the   prefumption  of  the   author; 

defcribed  him  fo   overvaluing  himfelf  in  his 

(.es"h°is"'    *^  "^°^  fcandalous,  feditious,  and  vain-glorious 

vain-glori-  «  performance,"  as  if  he  had  been  able  of  him- 

face.         felf  to  weigh  down  the  balance  of  that  Houfe 


§  XXIII.     D' Ewes  and  Speaker  Lenthal.  229 

on  either  fide  when  he  pleafed ;    pointed  out 
the  evi]   confequence  of  printing  fuch  argu- 
ments, without  allufion  to  the  anfwers  made 
thereto  ;  dwelt  upon  the  outrage  to  the  free-  Derlng's 
dom  of  debate  as  unpardonable,    feeing  that  ^"q^  ^he 
he  had  therein  difcovered  the  fecrets  of  the  Houfe. 
Houfe,  had  difcredited  the  a6ts  of  the  Houfe, 
and  had  named  members  of  the  Houfe  (among 
them  Mr.  O.  C.  by  which  the  member  for  Mr.  o.  c. 
Cambridge   was    plainly   intended)    to    their 
difgrace ;  and  he  concluded  by  declaring  that 
if  he  himfelf,  member  for  Sudbury,  fhould  ever 
be  fo  unfortunate  as  to  offend  that  alTembly 
in  fo  high  a  nature,  he  would  rather  hide  him- 
felf for  ever  in  a  cell  than  enter  again  within 
thofe  walls !     *'  As  foon,*'  he  continues,  "  as  I 
'  had  fpoken,  having  delivered  myfelf  with 
*  fome  vehemence,  the  Speaker  faid  prefently  Mr. 
^  to  fome  about  his  Chair,  ^  You  may  fee,  now.  Speaker 

._,  iT-k'  r  •       11  compli- 

^  '  what  Sir  Edward  Dermg's  friends  have  pro-  ments 
'  '  cured  him,  by  endeavouring  to  have  a  fmall  "' 
'  *  cenfure  pafTed  upon  him.'*'*  The  tide  had 
turned  againft  Sir  Edward.  The  determina- 
tion became  ftrong,  not  only  to  expel  the 
writer,  but  to  put  a  mark  of  opprobrium  on 
the  book  ;  and  though  D'Ewes  fenfibly  refifted 
Sir  Walter  Earle's  motion  for  "  calling  it  in,"  Obje'^tlon 

_    o  'to  lupprel- 

on  the  ground  that  fuch  a  proceeding  would  fion  of  a 
raife  the  price  of  it  from  fourteen  pence  to 

•  Had.  MSS.  162,  f.  366  b. 


230  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

will  ralfe  fourteen  (hillings,  and  haften  a  new  impreflion,* 
fourteei?"^^^  did  not  oppofe  Mr.  Oliver  Cromwell's 
pence  to    fuggeftion  for  remitting  it  to  the  hands  of  the 

fourteen  1  t  1  •      •  r 

fhlllings.  common  hangman.  It  was,  by  a  majority  or 
85  to  61,  ordered  to  be  burnt  in  Palace  Yard, 
Bering  Cheapfide,  and  Smithfield,  on  the  Friday 
and\i^s  following.  Bering  was  expelled  ;  and  a  war- 
book         rant  ifTued  for  a  writ  for  Kent  to  choofe  a  new 

burnt.         ,     .    , 

knight. 

Between  that  day  and  the  next,  however,  a 
doubt  feems  to  have  occurred  to  the  honor- 
able member  for  Cambridge  whether  to  burn  a 
book  were  quite  the  beft  way  of  anfwering  any 
dangerous  matter  contained  in  it;  and  D'Ewes 
relates  accordingly  what  took  place   near  the 
clofe  of  the    fitting  on    the  following   day.")* 
A  fuggef- *^  Mr.  Oliver  Cromwell,"  he  fays,  "moved 
Mr"oirer "  ^^^^  ^^^  ^'  Bering's  book,  lately  fet  out  by 
Cromwell.  "  him,  had  many  dangerous  and  fcandalous 
"  pafTages  in  it,  by  which  many  muft  be  de- 
t  "  ceived  and  led  into  an  ill  opinion  concerning 

'     \.       "  the  proceedings  of  this  Houfe  ;    and  there- 
**  fore  defired  that  fome  able  member  of  the 
**  Houfe  might  be  appointed  to  make  a  fhort 
'J::,    *'  confutation  of  the  fame.      And    then    he 
■*'  nominated  Me.     Which  made  me  prefently 
Will         "  ftand  up  and  anfwer,  that  1  conceived  that 
anfwer^^     "  ^^  gentleman  who  laft  fpoke  did  not  dream 

Dering  ? 

*  This  paflage  of  the  debate  was  referred  to  in  my  Hlft. 
and  Biog.  Efays,i.  89,  but  the  details  here  given  have  not 
before  been  prefented.  f  Had.  MSS.  162,  f.  368  a. 


^  XXIII.     D'Ewes  and  Speaker  Lenthal.  23 1 

*'  that  it  was  now  near  7  of  the  clock  at  night, 
'*  or  elfe  that  he  would  not  at  this  time  have   * 
' '  made  fuch  a  motion  as  he  did :    for,  if  I 
*'  could  but  gain  fome  fpare   time  from  the 
*'  public  fervice  of  the  Houfe,  I  have  other  p'Ewes 

declines  * 

"things  to  print,   of    more  public    ufe  and  has  better 
"  benefit  than    the    confutation    of    Sir    E.  ;^'"ss 

to  do. 

"  Dering's  fpeech  could  be  :  and  therefore  I 
**  defired  that  the  gentleman  himfelf  who 
"  made  the  motion,  might  be  defired  to  under- 
"  take   the  tafk.     The  Speaker  then  defired  ^'Sj* 

not  Mr. 

"  that  I  would  print  that,  that  would  be  for  the  Cromwell 
"  public  good."     And  with  this  polite  inti-  ^°  ''  ■ 
mation  from  Mr.  Speaker,  unfeconded  by  any 
eagernefs  on  Mr.  Cromwell's  part  to  aflume 
himfelf  the    literary    labour    he    would    have 
impofed  on  D'Ewes,  the  fubjedt  dropped. 

It  will  not  be  out  of  place  to  connedl  with  Other 
it,  and  the  illuftrations  formerly  given  of  the  ^'^-^Ewes'^s 
general  truftworthinefs,  as  well  as  temperate  accuracy, 
and  moderate  fpirit,  of  a  man  to  whofe  manu- 
fcript  record  of  the  events  under  notice  this  nar- 
rative has  been,  and  will  be,  fo  largely  indebted, 
further  and  very  ftriking  proof  of  his   inde- 
pendent honefty  and  confcientioufnefs  in  regard 
to  his  Journal.     It  is  this  in  truth  which  gives 
it  a  charadter  of  accuracy  and  original  authority  Orlglnal- 
that   none  of  the   many  other  exifting  MS.  journal!* 
journals  of  this  time,  which  on  examination  turn 
out  to  be,  for  the  mofl:  part,  mere  tranfcripts 
•from  the  official  records  of  the  Houfe,  can  in 


232 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


Hollis 
would 
alter  a 
meflage 
voted. 


The  mef- 
fage 
already 
printed. 


Who 

copies 

nightly 

from 

Clerk's 

Journals  ? 


Falkland 
and  two 
others. 


But  not 
D'Ewes ; 

he  reports 
"  out  of 
his  head:" 


the  leaft  lay  claim  to.  In  the  midft  of  the  events 
under  notice,  when  a  meflage  had  been  voted, 
late  one  evening,  to  the  King,  Denzil  Hollis 
brought  it  again  before  the  Houfe  the  follow- 
ing morning,  with  a  view  to  an  alteration  in  the 
wording  which  he  defired  to  fuggefl:. 

"  But,"    D'Ewes    continues,     "  Sir    Guy 
'  Palmes  faid  he  did  not  know  how  it  could 

*  well  be  ordered,  becaufe  the  votes  were 
^  already  printed.  Thereupon  fome  thought 
^  that  the  clerk  or  his  men  had  given  it  out  : 
'  others  that  it  might  be  tranfcribed  by  fome 
'  of  the  Houfe.    So  the  clerk  was  afked  who 

*  did  conftantly  write  out  of  his  Journal  Book 
^  every  night  after  the  Houfe  was  rifen  ;  and 
^  he  faid  the  Lord  Falkland  only  (who  had 
'  lately  been  made  principal  Secretary).  Then 
^  they  afked  him  who,   alfo,   did  fometimes 

*  write  out  of  the  faid  Journal  Book,  or  were 
^  prefent ;  and  he  faid,  Mr.  Moore  and  Mr. 

*  Bodvill  did  often  write  out  of  the  fame,  and 
^  that  myfelf  was  fometimes  prefent.  But  I, 
^  miflaking  him,  and  conceiving  that  he 
'  ranked  me  amongfl:  the  tranfcribers  (who 

*  fcarcely  wrote  3  words  out  of  his  Journal 
^  Book  in  3  months),  was  very  angry  with 
^  him,  and  ftood  up  and  faid,  that  I  was  indeed 
'  often  prefent  when  others  tranfcribed  out 
'  of  the  faid  Journal,  but  did  myfelf  write  not 

*  out  of  that  hut  out  of  my  head:  and  there- 

*  fore  I  deflred  that  the  clerk  might  name  the 


^  XXIII.     UEwes  and  Speaker  Lenthal.  233 

*'  time  when  I  tranfcribed  anything  out  of  his  never  at 

*'  Journal.    With  which  the  houfe  refting  fatif-  ^and. " 

"  fied,  as  I  conceived,  I  troubled  myfelf  no 

"  further  about  it.     But  Mr.  H.  Elfyng,  the 

"  clerk,  came  to  me  in  Weftminfter  Hall  after 

'^  we  were  rifen,  and  expreffed  a  great  deal  of  Clerk 

"  forrow  that  I  did  miftake  him  ;  that  he  only  apologies, 

*^  named  me  as  being  prefent,  and  the  rather 

"  that  I  could  prove  what  he  faid."  * 

An  incident  highly  charadleriftic  of  D'Ewes, 
which   occurred  on    the  next   following  day, 
completes  the  pidlure  of  our  learned  and  care- 
ful reporter,  zealous  for  the  originality  of  his 
notes,    fenfible   of  the   power   derived   from 
exercife  of  fuch  an  art,  and  refolved  to  abate  no 
jot  of  the  influence  it  gave  him.     A  delicate 
matter  coming  under  debate  (being  nothing  a  delicate 
lefs  than   information,  fubmitted  by  Pym,  of™^"^^'^^^" 
tamperings   on    the   part   of  the  Court  with 
foreign   powers,    for    the    lending    an    army, 
if  need  fhould  be,  to  put  down  the  liberties  of 
England)  fome  members  arofe,  in  much  ex- 
citement, to  fuggeft  that  the  debate  be  adjourned  Note- 
for  a  day,  and  that  no  one  meanwhile  be  per-  ?^|^'"g 

•'  -T         inlepara- 

mitted  to  take  notes.     "  Stop  note-taking  !  "  ble  from 
cried  D'Ewes. f  "  You  cannot !  Or,  if  you  can,  maSng. 
"  make  men  hold  their  tongues,  then,  as  well !" 
Such    being    the    recognized    pofition    of 
D'Ewes  in  the  Houfe,  and  his  admitted  autho- 
rity in  everything   conneded  with  its  ufages  ^/l^fj?"^ 

*  Harl.  MSS.  163,  f.  430  a.  f  lb.  163,  f.  432  b.      toLenthal: 


234  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

his  author- and  the  precedents  of  former  times,  he  was 
cedent?^^'  ^^turally  brought  into  frequent  relations  with 
the  Speaker;    and  whether  Lenthal  found  it 
more    opprefTive    to    fubmit   to   his   critical 
objurgations,  or  to  enjoy  the  advantage  of  his 
condefcending  patronage,  it  might  be  difficult 
to  fay.     There  is,  however,  hardly  a  week's 
critic  and   entry  in  his  Journal  that  does  not  prefent  him 
^l^^  °    in  one  or  other  of  thefe   pofitions ;    and   if 
Speaker,    nothing  were  known  of  Lenthal  but  the  noble 
words   we    have    feen  him    ufe  on  a  fudden 
and  great  emergency,  we  might  well  be  dif- 
pofed   to   reject   as   incredible  the   impreffion 
which  D'Ewes  fteadily  conveys,  that  he  was  a 
timid,  reftlefs,  indecifive,  ill-informed,  and  ill- 
Weak-     conditioned  man.      Unhappily  this  impreffion 

nefles  of      .  11  ,  .-      . 

Lenthal.    IS  too  Well  bome  out  by  what  otherwile    is 

known  of  his  life,  and  by  what   already  this 

narrative  has  difclofed.'^^     We  know  that  this 

Self-fur-    was  the  man  who,  violating  the  principle  laid 

hU  o^nly     down  by   himfelf  on  that  memorable  4th  of 

claim  to     January,   and  flinging  fcorn  and  difrepute  on 

the  only  adl  by  which  in  hiftory  he  is  honorably 

remembered,  actually  had  the  bafenefs,  at  the 

A  witnefs  Reflioration,  to  give  evidence  againfl  Scot  the 

Scot"the     regicide  of  words  which  he  had  heard  within 

regicide,    ^he    Houfe   when    fitting    in    the    Speaker's 

chair  If     When  Lenthal  is  credited,  therefore, 

*  Ante^  22,  25. 
Contraft  f  State  Trials,  \.  1063.     As  a  contraft  let  me  mention,  in 

to  Lenthal.  juftice  to  the  Earl  of  Northumberland,  whofe  conduft  throughout 
thefe  affairs  feems  to  me  to  have  been  unworthy  of  his  abilities 


§  XXIII.     D' Ewes  and  speaker  Lenthal.  235 

'  with  qualities  generally  poor  and  commonplace, 
we  may  be  only  too  well  aflured  that  the  fad:s 
alleged  will  juftify  the  charge.     Such  evidence  ^  time- 
abounds  in  every  part  of  D'Ewes's  Journal,  ways, 
and   proves   beyond    all    doubt,    quite    irre- 
fpedive  of  the  fpecial  proof  given  in  a  previous 
feftion  of  his  eager  defire  at  this  time  to  offer 
fervile    homage  to  the    King,    that   what   he 
fhowed  himfelf  unmiftakeably  to  be  in  later 
years,  he  now  already  was,  and  was  known  to 
be.      And  I  gladly  feize  the  opportunity  of 
adding,  to  what  was  remarked  upon  the  fub- 
je6t  in  a  former  work,*  other  traits  and  in- Traits  and 
cidents  relating  to  him  from  D'Ewes's  curious  from^"  ^ 
manufcript,    not    merely    charadleriflic    and  D'Ewes's 

.  diary. 

amufing  in  themfelves,  but  fuch  as,  befides 
completing  what  was  formerly  faid,  will  lalfo 
help  further  to  fhow  D'Ewes's  own  pofition 
in  reference  to  parties  in  the  Houfe. 

A  debate  arofe  upon  a  queftion  of  privi-  Queftion 
lege :  a  perfon  having  been  arrefted,  after  order  °J  P'^'^^" 
had  iffued  from  the  Houfe  that  he  fhould  be 


and  his  name,  that  when,  upon  the  Reftoration,  he  confented,  Northum- 
like  Lenthal,  to  receive  favour  from  the  Government,  it  was  berland 
by  no  fuch  bafe  betrayal  of  a6ls  and  proceedings  in  which  he  true  to  old 
had   himfelf  been   a  participator.     Ludlow  tells  us   in   his  friends. 
Memoirs  that  Lord  Northumberland  (who  had  taken  the  oath 
of  fidelity  to  the   Commonwealth)  was  heard  to  fay  in  the 
Convention  Parliament  at  the  Reftoration,  that  though  he  had 
no  part  in  the  death  of  the  King,  he  luas  againji  qiiejlioning  j^^  exam- 
tkofe  ^Mho  had  been  concerned  in  that  affair,  that  the  example  pjg  profit- 
might  he  more  ufefultopofteritj,  and  profitable  to  future  Kings,  able  to 
by  deterring  them  from  the  like  exorbitancies.  iii.  lo,  ed.  1699.  Kings. 

*  Hiji.  and  Biog.  Effays  (Debates  on  the   Grand  Remon- 
ftrance),  i.  82,  83,  &c. 


236 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members, 


Hafelrig 
and  Len- 
thal. 


Attack 
on  Mr. 
Speaker. 


D'Ewes 

rebukes 
Hafelrig. 


Lenthal 
out  of 
order. 


fent  for  as  a  witnefs.     "When,"  fays  D'Ewes, 
'  fome  fpake  to  the  cafe,  and  miftook  it,  and 

*  the  Speaker  would  have  informed  them  of 

*  the  cafe  how  it  flood.  Sir  A.  Hafelrig  fpake 
^  to  the  order  of  the  Houfe,  and  faid  that  the 
'  Speaker  ought  not  to  ftand  up  and  interrupt 
^  any  other  member  of  the  Houfe  when  he 
'  was  fpeaking.  Whereupon  the  Speaker 
'  flood  up  and  anfwered  Sir  Arthur  Hafelrig 

*  that  he  had  not  flood  up   to  interrupt  any 

*  member,  but  only  to  inform  fuch  as  fhould 
'  fpeak  of  the  truth  of  the  cafe.  But  Sir 
'  A.  H.  not  fatiffied  herewith,  flood  up 
^  again :  faying  he  would  fpeak  to  the  order 
^  of  the  Houfe,  and  under  colour  thereof 
'  endeavoured  to  reply  to  the  Speaker,  and  to 
'  get  faid  over  again  the  fame  thing :  which 
'  made  me  interrupt  him,  though  I  much 
'  refpeded  him."  He  accordingly,  with  defe- 
rence, but  very  decidedly,  rebukes  "  that  wor- 

'  thy  gentleman   in   the  Gallery,"  who,  upon 
D'Ewes  refuming  his  feat,  "  would  have  fpoken 

*  again  to  the  order  of  the  Houfe ;  but  the 
'  Houfe,  it  feems,  being  fatiffied  with  what  I 

*  faid,  would  not  hear  him  again."* 

That  was  a  great  triumph  for  Sir  Simonds, 
if  not  for  Lenthal ;  but,  upon  a  fubfequent  quef- 
tion  of  order  and  ufage,  Mr.  Speaker  himfelf 
feems  to  have  been  permitted  to  violate  all 
precedent.     Soon  afterwards  there  occurred  a 


Harl  MSS.  163  f.  405  b. 


§  xxiir.     D'Ewes  and  Speaker  Lenthal.  23  7 

debate,  very  jftiffly  maintained  on  both  fides.  Sugar- 
about  the  cuftom   to    be    impofed   on    fugar.  debate 
D'Ewes  was  the  lafl:   fpeaker,  and  fat  down 
with  a  folemn  warning  to  the  Houfe  that  they 
ihould  be  wary  of  offending  the  Hollanders 
with  fuch  an  impoft.       "  Between  which  time 
*'  and  the  putting  of  the  queftion  itfelf,"  he 
continues,    "  fome    members    came  into    the  Members 
"  Houfe,  and  fome  called  on  them  to  with- J"ft^before 
**  draw ;  and  thereupon  grew  a  debate,  whether  queftion 
"  by  the  order  of  the  Houfe  they  fliould  with- 
*^  draw  or    not :     and    in    the    iffue  it   was 
"  obferved  that  regularly  no  member  of  the 
"  Houfe  could  be  commanded  to  withdraw.  Not  to 
"  but  when    he  came  in   after  the    queftion  ^' 

"  had  been  put  the  firft  time."  But  the 
extraordinary  thing  was,  D'Ewes  concludes, 
that  upon  going  to  the  divifion,  the  Speaker  not 
only  claimed  to  vote,  but  actually  voted,  *'  the 
"like  of  which  I  never  knew  before  or  fince."* 

Again,  fhortly  after,  occurred  another  in-  Extraoidl- 
ftance  of  Mr.  Speaker  forgetting  the  dig-nitv"^'!-^'^^" 

X  to  t>  C3       /  ceeding 

of  his  place.  It  arofe  out  of  Sir  John  Holland,  of  Mr. 
the  member  for  Caftle  Rifing,  objedling  to  the  ^^^  ^^* 
amount    of    the   parliamentary-  levy    on    his 
county.     "Sir  John  Holland,"  fays  D'Ewes,  Lenthal 
"  a  Norfolk  man,  feemingly  anxious  to  fliow  ^S^"  ^' 
*'  his  forwardnefs  for  the  county,  faid  he  was 
*'  informed  that  Norfolk  would  not  pay  the 

•  Harl  MSS,  163,  f.  4.29  b. 


238 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


An  hon. 
member 
inter- 
rupted. 


Hon. 

member 
retorts. 


Mr. 

Speaker 

fuccumbs. 


D'Ewes's 

indigna- 
tion. 


Lenthal's 
deficien- 
cies as 
Speaker. 


*  fum  laid  on  them  by  the  £400,000  bill, 
^  except  ibme  abatement ;  and  that  if  any  dif- 
^  temper  arofe  in  Norfolk,  it  would  be  paid' 
'  nowhere  in  England.  Whereupon  the 
'  Speaker  flood  up  and  interrupted  him,  and 
'  faid  fuch  words  were  very  dangerous  and 
^  not  fit  to  be/poken.  But  Sir  J.  H.  ftood 
'  up  to  juflify  himfelf,  and  averred  that  he 
'  only  faid  he  was  informed  fo,  and  claimed 
^  the  privilege  of  a  member  not  to  be  inter- 
'  rupted,  &c.  Whereupon  the  Speaker,  for- 
'  getting  the  dignity  of  his  place,  and  deferting 
'  the  jufl  ground  that  was  given  him  to 
'  interrupt  him,  gave  fome  approbation  to 
'  what  he  had  faid,  and  fat  him  down.  So 
^  as  Sir  John  Holland  was  proceeding  on  as 
^  if  he  had  done  very  well  before,  which 
^  made  me,  with  fome  indignation  to  fee  the 
'  Speaker's  mifcarriage,  ftand  up  and  fpeak  to 
^  the  order  of  the  Houfe."*  Here,  beyond 
all  doubt,  was  another  decided  fuccefs  for 
D'Ewes  ;  and  the  Houfe  loudly,  and  very  pro- 
perly, applauded  him  for  thus  vindicating  Mr. 
Speaker,  though  againfl  Mr.  Speaker  himfelf. 

But,  even  in  the  trivial  duties  andobfervances 
of  his  place,  Lenthal  was  by  no  means  expert. 
Some  letters  having  been  handed  in  to  the 
Speaker,  and  among  them  one  from  the  King, 
he  gave  it  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Houfe,  *'  who," 


HarLMSS.  163,  f.  461  a. 


§  XXIII.     jyEwes  and  Speaker  Lenthal,  239 

fays  D'Ewes,  "having  read  the  fuperfcription  a  letter 
"  Charles  Rex,  I  ftood  up  and  reminded  the  {J"'" '^^ 
'  *'  Speaker  that  he  was  to  read    fuch    letters 
"  himfelf :    on   which    he    acknowledged    his 
"  error,  and  read  it."     It  came  at  laft,  indeed,  D'Ewes 
to    be   very    generally    underftood    that    the  ^yjjfjj!^^^ 
member  for  Sudbury,  and  not  the  Speaker,  was  astoorder: 
the  man  to  fettle  queftions  of  order,  and  to 
compofe  jarring  difcords  in  debate.*    A  curious 
inftance  occurred  when  Sir  Henry  Mildmay, 
the  member  for  Maiden,  who  fat  afterwards  compofer 
on  the  trial  of  the  King,  would  have  obtained  ^^^f^'-^^ 
confent  from  the  Houfe  to  a  bill  for  trade  debate, 
which  threatened   to  interfere  mightily  with 
the  Coventry  weavers ;  whereupon  Mr.  William 
Jeflbn,  an  ancient  alderman  of  that  borough  Heat  of 
who  very  worthily.reprefented  it,fl:arted  up  with  burgeft 
hiuch  heat  and  *i  fpake  very  earneftly  againft  for  Coven- 
"  fuch  a  bill,  fayii^g  that  by  fo  doing  we  would 
**  deftroy  the  wh'ole  trade  of  the  kingdom. 
'^  Whereupon  Sir  H.  Mildmay  took  excep- 
**  tion,    affirming   that  the   faid   Mr.   Jeffon 
"  had  looked  very  fiercely  upon  him  when  he 

*  Other  duties  appear  at  times  to  have  been  impofed  which  D'Ewes 
he  took  upon  himfelt  with  lefsrelifti.    The  followingmay  ferve  avoids 
as  an  example  :   "  Between  4  and  5  the  Houfe  refolved  into  a  chair  of 
"  Grand   Committee  on  Tonnage :   and   when   the   Speaker  Com- 
"  withdrew,   and   moft   of  the    Houfe    with    him,   fome  to  mittee. 
"  Committees,  and  fome  clean  away,  fo  as  we  were  fcarce  4.0 
"  left,  divers  called  on  me  to  fit  in  the  chair  at  the  Committee. 
"  So  as,  fearing  that  I  (hould  not  have  excufed  myfelf,  I  with- 
'•  drew  out  ot  the  Houfe,  and  after  Mr.  Ellis  had  taken  the 
"  faid  chair,  I  returned  again.     The  bill  pafl'ed,  and  we  rofe 
"  between  5  and  6."     Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  357  a. 


240  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

Fierce  and  "  fpokc,  and  that  it  was  done  in  an  unparlia- 

men^tary     "  mentary  way."  Here  was  a  novel  cafe  !   and 

looks:       it  muft  be  confefled  that  D'Ewes,  on  appeal 

being  made  to  him,  treated  it  more  fenfibly 

than  might  have  been  expedled.     Defiring  to 

D'Ewes's  qualify,  as  he  fays,  fuch  unneceffary  heat,  he 

opinion      declared  that  in  all  his  knowledge  of  thefe  mat- 
thereon.  .     ° 

ters  he  never  knew  exception  taken  at  looks 

before  ;   and,  with  fome  further  goodnatured 

words,    he  perfectly  reconciled   the   offended 

knight  and  too  choleric  ancient  burgefs.* 

Ancient         ^^  fared  not  fo  well,  however,  with  the  good 

member     old  member  for  Coventry  fome  few  months 

again. 

later,  when,  upon  the  unfurling  of  the  Royal 

ftandard  at  Nottingham   '*  about  fix  of   the 

''  clock  in  the  evening  of  a  very  ftormy  and 

"  tempeftuous  day,"  f  the  Houfe  of  Commons 

promptly  met  the  King's  proclamation  againft 

Vote  for    Lord  Efiex  as  a  traitor,  by  a  vote  calling  upon 

to^FzA\^  every  member  to  anfwer  individually,  upon  the 

mentaiy    inftant,  whether  he  would  venture  and  hazard 

genera .     j^j^  |j£^  ^^^  fortune   with  the   Earl  of  Effex, 

Lord    General.     D'Ewes  regarded   this  vote 

with  little  favour,  and  dwells  upon  the  harfh 

way  in  which    it  was   prefixed   by  the   "  fiery 

Difllked     "  fpirits  "  who  had  introduced  it :  wherein,  he 

D'Ewes.    adds,  they  were  feconded,  in  a  manner  un- 


*  Harl.  MSS.  163,  f.  502  a. 

f  «'  The  ftandard,"  Clarendon  fubfequently  tells  us  {Hijl. 
iii.  190),  "was  blown  down  the  fame  night  it  had  been  fet  up, 
"  by  a  very  ftrong  and  unruly  wind." 


§  XXIII.     D' Ewes  and  speaker  Lent hal,  241 

worthy  of  hlmfelf  and  contrary  to  the  duty  of 

his   place,   by  Mr.  Speaker.     "And  whereas  Required 

"  one  Mr.  Jeflbn,  one  of  the  burgeffes   for  *°  ^"^  ^J'^- 

"  Coventry,  being  an  ancient  man,  did  only 

"  defire  a  little  time  to  conflder  of  it  before 

"  he  gave  his  anfwer,  they  would  not  permit 

"  that,  but  compelled  him  to  anfwer  prefently, 

"  whereupon  he,  not  being  fatiffied  in  his  con- 

"  fcience,  gave  his  No.     At  which  thofe  hot  Says  No. 

"  fpirits  taking  great   diftafte,    the    Speaker, 

"  unworthy  of   himfelf  and  contrary   to  the 

"  duty  of  his  place,   fell  upon  him  with  very  Affailed 

"  ftrange  language  for   giving  his  No  ;    and  sL^eV. 

"  when  the  poor  man,  terrified  with  the  dif- 

"  pleafure  he  faw  was  taken  againft  him,  would 

"  have  given  his  Aye,  they  would  not  permit  Wifhes  to 

"him  to  do  that  neither.     Sir  Guy  Palmes,  ^^^t,  not 

"  and    Mr.    Fettyplace"     (the   members   for  permitted. 

Rutlandfliire   and    Berkfhire,    both   of  them 

declared  Royalifts)  "  were  fo  overawed  by  Mr.  other 

"  JefTon's    miffortune  as  they  anfwered  Aye  "15'?^^'^^ 

"  without  any  further  debate ;  and  fo  did  many  ened. 

"  others  who  came  dropping  in  from  dinner, 

"  not   knowing  what  had  been  done  and  was 

"  doing  in  the  Houfe."  * 

Nor  had  the  fcene  been  lefs  ftriking  fome 
three  months  earlier  (little  more  than  fix  weeks 
after  the  attempted  arrefl:),  when,  amid  the  war 
of  declarations  and  replies  that  preceded  the 
unfurling  of  the  ftandards.  Sir  Peter  Wentworth 

•  Harl,  MSS,  164,  f.  1060  b. 


242 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


Sir  Peter 
Went- 
worth : 


cannot 
truft  the 
King. 


Chancel- 
lor of  Ex- 
chequer's 
horror. 


Houfe 
overlooks 
this  <'  fol- 
ly." 


Old  Sir 
Harry 

Vane. 


Startling 
fpeeches. 


Sir  John 
North- 
cote's 
avowal. 


(who  fat  for  Tamworth,  and  afterwards  on  the 
High  Court  of  Juftice)  took  the  occafion  of 
a  particular  meflage  from  Charles  to  fay  "  that 
"  we  could  not  confide  in  the  King  nor  trufi  him  : 
"  which  made  Sir  John  Culpeper,  Chancellor 
"  of  the  Exchequer,  who  fat  near  him,  rife  up 
"  and  fay  that  he  wondered  that  any  man 
"  fhould  dare  to  fpeak  fuch  language  within 
"  thefe  walls — That  we  could  not  confide  in  the 
"King!"  Confiderable  excitement  enfued, 
D'Ewes  proceeds  to  tell  us,  but  Sir  Peter's 
plain  fpeaking  having  found  feveral  backers, 
he  was  permitted  to  explain  himfelf.  "  And 
"  fo  the  Houfe  pafTed  by  his  folly." 

But  then  followed  an  incident  well  worthy 
record  in  itfelf,  and  having  a  highly  charafter- 
iftic  fequel  with  D'Ewes  for  its  hero.  Old 
Vane,  who  fo  long  had  ferved  the  highefl: 
offices  of  ftate,  had  fignalifed  himielf,  fince 
his  lofs  of  Court  favour  and  public  employ- 
ment,* by  difplaying  in  oppofition  all  the 
caution  and  prudence  which  accompany  the 
expeftation  of  being  reftored  to  power.  But,  in 
a  fpeech  he  delivered  on  the  prefent  occafion, 
this  referve  was  flung  afide.  He  ihowed  that 
things  were  come  to  a  defperate  condition. 
In  a  previous  debate  on  the  Cuftody  of  the 
young  Prince  of  Wales,  very  ftartling  allufions 
had  been  made.  Sir  John  Northcote,  the 
member  for  Afhburton,  had  faid  plainly  he 

*  J/tie  50,  51. 


§  XXIII.     D^Ewes  and  Speaker  Lenthal.  243 

would  rather  iiicreafe  the  jealoufies  between 
the  King  and  the  Houfe  than  any  way  diminifh 
them,  and,  amid  continual  excitement  and 
interruptions,  had  perlifted  in  naming  an  inten- 
tion which  they  had  all  heard  difcufled  elfewhere 
if  not  in  that  Houfe,  "  to  crown  the  prince  and  ''  ^^^^ 

11-  •  T.  •  r  ^^  **^^  Pnnce 

"  make  him  Kmg."*     But  now,  m  a  very  full  our 
Houfe,  amid  an  unufual  and  fuUen  filence.  Old    ^"^' 
Vane  did  not  fcruple  to  take  fomething  of  a  fimi- 
lar  tone.    He  gave  in  his  adhefion  to  the  views 
exprefled  by  Pym  and  Hampden  upon  the  quef- 
tion  of  the  Militia,  declared  his  convidlion  that 
"  the  prefent  flame  would  devour  all "  unlefs 
great  care  and  wifdom  were  ufed  for  flopping  old  Vane 
it,  "  and  wilhed  that  to  that  end  we  might  lay  r^'^^^'ii?,. 

'  _  0  /   tor  militia 

"a  new  foundation."  This  called  up  Mr.  and  "new 
Harry  Killegrew  of  Cornwall,  the  member  for  tbn"."^' 
Weft  Looe,j-  who  made  a  violent  Royalift 
fpeech,  and  in  the  courfe  of  it  propounded  a 
conftitutional  dodtrine  of  an  extremely  novel 
and  difconcerting  kind.  He  warned  them  that 
they  were  fetting  their  feet  on  flippery  places 

*  Northcote's  fpeech  was  delivered  on  the  14th  January  on 
the  motion  of  Sir  Henry  Chomley,  the  member  for  North- 
allerton, for  removal  of  jealoufies  between  King  and  Parlia- 
ment.    Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  328  a. 

f  The  fame  "  gallant  gentleman  and  generally  known,"  Anecdote 
of  whom  Clarendon  relates  {Life,  i.  140)  that  fubfequently,  ofKille- 
on  being  invited  with  the  other  members  to  offer  a  contribution  grew, 
towards  the  formation  of  an  army  for  the  Parliament,  flood 
up  and  anfwered,  he  would  provide  a  good  horfe,  and  a  good 
fword,  and  a  good  buff  coat,  and  then  he  would  find  a  good  Will 
caufe  :"  which  for  that  time  only  raifed  laughter,  though  they  "  ^^^  " 
"  knew  well  what  caufe  he  thought  good,  which  he  had  never  a  good 
"  diffembled."  caufe. 

B  2 


244  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

Harry       in  what  thev  called  their  new  foundation,  and 

TCille 

gre^v's       that  he  could  wifh,  before  the  gentlemen  he 

ipeech.      faw  around  him  concluded  matters  of  fo  great 

moment  then  and  there,  as  impofing  the  militia 

and  all  their  new  taxation  on  the  people,  they 

fhould  fend  fome  members  of  that  Houfe  into 

each  county  to  have  their  confent;  otherwife, 

they  might  come  to  feel  the  weight  of  the  major 

Novel       part  of  the  people  ;  for  it  was  not  the  ena£iing 

doarine.    of  a  law  that  made  it  in  force,  but  the  willing 

obedience  to  it.     "  With  fome   other  words," 

D'Ewes  adds,   "  to   the  like  efFed,  at  which 

Houfe       "  many  of  the  Houfe,  laughing  heartily  when 

"  he  fpoke  them,  it  made  him   repeat  them 

"  once   or  twice."     The  laughers  meanwhile 

Young      defifted,   for  Young  Vane   arofe   with    much 

ferious^^'^  gravity  to  take  exception  to  words  carrying 

fuch  dangerous   import.     Others  followed  in 

the  fame  tone ;  and  fome,  fays  D'Ewes,  did 

aggravate   the  words   fo    far,  that  they  were 

againft    allowing    Mr.    Killegrew  to    explain 

himfelf.     With  fome  difficulty  Pym  obtained 

Kllle-       hearing  for  him,   "  and  fo  he  made  fome  little 

apology.    "  juftification,   protefting  in  the  prefence   of 

"  God  that  he  had  no  intention  to  do  any  dif- 

"  fervice  to   the  Houfe."     Upon  this  Pym 

Pym  re-     oppofed  the  motion  for  his  expulfion,  which 

f^dfion.  '^^^  rejeded  by  131  to  97.     He  was  however 

ordered  to  withdraw,  and,  the  debate  continuing, 

there  came  fuddenly  to  his  relief  another  Cor- 

nifhman,  Mr.  Chadwell,   the  member  for  St. 


§  XXIII.     D'Ewes  and  Speaker  Lenthal.  245 

Michaels,  who  profefTed  to  cite  fome  ancient  An  indif- 
record   fupporting  what  the  member  for  Weft  f^end. 
Looe  had  faid.     D'Ewes  no  fooner  heard  it 
than  he  fufpedled  an  impofture.     He  withdrew 
very  quietly,  for  it  was  againft  the  order  of  the 
Houfe ;  haftened  over  to  his  lodging,  clofe  at  D'Ewes 
hand  ;  looked  through  his  papers  and  records;  larch'of 
hurried  back  to  the  debate  ;  and  threw  upon  records. 
it  a  flood  of  antiquarian  lore,  underneath  which 
poor  Mr.  Chadwell,  and  his  mifquoted,   mif- 
dated,  and  wholly  mifreprefented  record,  were 
completely  carried  away.     But  it  is  a  peculiarity 
of  D'Ewes  to  be  always  magnanimous  in  his 
moments  of  triumph.     He  never  tramples  on 
the  fallen.     "  No  doubt,  Mr.   Speaker,"  he 
faid,   "  I  think  this  gentleman  very  faulty  who 
**  would   prefume    to    mifquote   Records    for 
"  Mr.  Killegrew.     But,  not  being  well  fkilled  Expofes 
"  in   Records,   perhaps  he  did  not  know  the  ignorance. 
"  dangerous  confequence."    That  was  his  tone. 
The  Houfe  fell  in  with  it;  and  both  Killegrew 
and  Chadwell,  thanks  to  the  moderation  and  is  merd- 
good  {tn(Q  of  Pym,  efcaped  with  but  flight  ^"J^ 'jj  *"" 
punifl?.ment.* 

Thefe  illuftrations  may  now  be  fitly  clofed 
with  fome  notice  of  the  many  efforts  made  to 

*  HarL  MSS,  163,  f.  451  b.    Being  called  to  the  Bar,  the  ^  repri- 
Speaker  told  them  that  the  Houfe  conceived  the  offence  to  be  mand. 
or  a  very  high  nati  re,  confidering  the  circumftances  of  time 
and  the  opinions  of  fome  people  abroad  ;  and  therefore  they 
had  commanded  him  to  give  them  a  (harp  reprehenfion,  and 
it  was  the  mercy  of  the  Houfe  that  the  cenfure  was  no  feverer. 


246  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

Attempts  compel  early  and  full  attendance  at  the  Houfe, 
early  at-    i^  which  D'Ewcs  and  Lenthal  took  prominent 
tendance,   p^rt.     Under  the  form  of  fines  for  being  late 
at  prayers,  thefe  attempts  were  frequently  re- 
newed; and  they  had  originated  at  a  memorable 
time.     As  early  as  the  previous  May  (1641), 
when  the  duties  and  refponfibilities  of  member- 
fhip  had  become  fuch  as  to  daunt  and  deter  all 
but  the  moft  refolute ;  amid  the  plots  for  Straf- 
ford's efcape,  and  the  tumultuous  aflemblages  of 
the  people  demanding  juftice  upon  him  ;  when 
the  King  ftill  paufed  on  the  verge  of  defperate 
Alarming  counfels ;  while  each  hour  of  every  day  came 
firft  found  laden  with  its  danger  and  its  terror ;  only  two 
neceffary.  (j^ys  before  Charles  had  gone  to  the  Lords  to 
warn  them  againft  pafling  the  attainder,  for  that 
he  never  in  his  confcience  could  confent  to  it ;  on 
the  very  day  when  Pym  arofe  in  the  Commons 
to  explode  the  confpiracy  of  Henry  Percy  and 
Goring  for  bringing  up  the  army  and  feizing 
on  the  Tower, — D'Ewes  makes  the  fubjoined 
mod  ftriking  entry  in  his  Journal.     It  adds 
another  to   many  memorable  inftances  of  the 
Tragi-      clofe  intermixture  of  ferioufnefs  and  laughter  in 
thrwoHd.  ^'^^5  tragi-comedy  of  the  world,  and  is  one  more 
proof  that  men  are  never  fo  prone  to  fudden 
burfts  of  mirth  as  when  heavy  and  overborne  in 
fpirit  by  a  long  ftrain  of  anxiety,  by  nervous  ex- 
citement or  apprehenfion,  by  the  over-wrought 
intenfity  of  either  hope  or  fear. 

"  Prayers  being  done,  after  the  Speaker  had 


§  XXIII.     jyEwes  and  Speaker  Lenthal.  247 

*'  fitten  a  good  while,  and  all  men  filent,  the  The 

"  Clerk's  afliftant  began  to  read  a  bill  touching  fadneV" 

"  wire-drawers,  which  being  prefently  flopped, 

"  did    amidft    our    fad   apprehenfions   move 

"  laughter  from   divers  that  fuch  a  frivolous  Suddenly 

"  bill  fhould  be  pitched  upon,  when  all  matters  whter? 

"  were  in  fuch  apparent  danger.     After  fome 

"  half-hour's  filence  more,  or  a  quarter's,  fome 

"  called  to  have  the  order  read,  which   was 

"  made  on  Saturday,  by  which  every  member 

"  that  came  after  eight  of  the  clock  was  to  pay 

"  one   fhilling.     And  then,  as  men  came  in, 

"  divers  cried,  *  Pay !  Pay!'  When  the  Serjeant  The  (hil- 

"  demanded  the  faid  fhilling,  which  bred  a  great  ^"^   ^^' 

"  confufion."* 

Such  was  the  continued  confufion,  indeed,  A  failure, 
that  for  this  particular  time  it  had  to  be 
abandoned.  But,  ten  months  later,  it  was  re- 
newed ;  and  Sir  Simonds  had  again,  upon  the 
fpecial  fubjeft,  though  on  this  occafion  with 
inferior  fuccefs  to  that  we  have  feen  formerly 
attend  him,  to  vindicate  the  dignity  of  Mr. 
Speaker's  place  againfl  Lenthal's  own  forgetful- 
nefs  and  non-afTertion  of  it.  On  a  Tuefday  shilling 
the  fine  was  propofed.     "A  motion  made,"  ^^^  again 

r  T^.i-'  T  '1  r     1    propofed. 

lays    u  h.wes,    ''as   1    came   m,    that    men 
"  members  as  fhould  not  come  up  by  8  and 
"  be  at  prayers,  fhould  pay  a  fhilling.     I  faid,  ■Q^Y.wts 
"  when  that  was    tried    twelve  months   ago  oppofed 
"  it  was  laid    afide  from  its    inconvenience, 

•  Harl.  MSS.  163,  f.  514  a. 


248  Ar reft  of  the  Five  Memhers. 

'^  after  one  day's  pradice  ;  and  that  the  beft 
"  way  would  be  to  rife  at  12,  and  not  at  2  or 
"  3,  to  enfure  members  coming  at  8.  Divers 
"  others  fpake  againft  it ;  but  the  greater 
"  number  being  for  it,  it  pafTed."  * 

Very  little,  however,  as  it  would  feem,  to  the 

^'^•,         immediate  edification  of  Mr.  Speaker,  feeing 

late :         that  next  morning,  Wednefday,  he  did  not  him- 

felf  make  his  appearance  till  a  quarter  to  nine. 

''  The  Houfe  by  this  time,"  D'Ewes  remarks, 

"  was  very  full  at  prayers,  by  reafon  of  the  order 

**  made    yefterday.      Sir  H.    Mildmay,  after 

"  prayers,  flood  up  and  faid  he  was  glad  to  fee 

rebuked :   "  this  good  efFccTt  of  yefterday's  order  ;  and  faid 

'^  to  the  Speaker  that  he  did  hope  that  hereafter 

"  he  would  come  in   time ;  which  made  the 

l^'^'fh'n'  a-  "  Speaker  throw  down  twelvepence  upon  the 

on  table  t  "  table.     Divers  fpake  after  him,  and  others 

'^  as  they  came  in  did  each  pay  his  fhilling  to 

*'  the  Serjeant.     I  fpake  to  the  Orders  of  the 

*'  Houfe  :   That  the  order  made  yefterday  was 

"  to  fine   ^  after '  prayers,  and  therefore  you 

"  (I  fpake  to  the  Speaker)  cannot  be  fubjedl 

"  to  pay ;   and  for  coming  a  little  after  8,  that 

*^  was  no  great  difference.     Although  I  fpake 

will  not     *f  truly,    the   Speaker    having  caft  down    his 

take  it  up    ,,  ^  .,,.  .  ,  ,       .  •      ,,  • 

again.  milling,  would  not  take  it  up  again,  f 

One  may  perhaps  infer,  without  difrefpedl, 
that  Lenthal  had  fulked  a  little  ;  and  the  ill 
effect  of  fo  throwing  down  his  twelvepence, 

*  Harl.  MSS.  163,  f.  474  a.  f  lb.  163,  f.  475  b. 


§  XXIII.     D'Ewes  and  Speaker  Lenthal,  249 

certainly  difplayed  itfelf  next  day,  Thurfday,  ill  refuks 
when  the  adlion  found  an  imitator  well  dif- 
pofed  to  exaggerate  it.  After  obferving  that 
on  that  morning  only  about  forty  were  at 
prayers,  D'Ewes  proceeds  to  fay  that  it  was 
ordered  upon  the  motion  of  Mr.  Rous,  that 
the  fines  of  yefterday  and  to-day  be  given  to 
Dr.  Leighton,  being  in  fome  diftrefs.  Then 
came  on  a  petition  complaining  of  Dr.  Fuller, 
parfon  of  St.  Giles's,  having  chofen  two 
churchwardens  ill  afFeded  to  religion,  in  oppo- 
fition  to  two  chofen  by  the  parifhioners. 
*'  Some  coming  in  and  refufino;  to  pay,  whilft  Refufals 

r        r  .  ,  •  •  1-  J-  to  pay. 

"  the  aforefaid    petition  was  reading,  divers 

"  called  out  to  them  to  pay,  and  fo   inter- 

"  rupted  the  Clerk's  afliftant,  who  was  reading 

"  it.     Mr.  John  Hotham  ftood  up  and  faid 

*'  that  the  time  appointed  for  men  to  come 

"  yefterday  by  the  order  was  8,  and  that  the 

"  chimes  for  that  hour  went  juft  as  he  came 

"  into  the  houfe.       But  the  Speaker  telling  Jack 

"  him  that  prayers  being  paft  he  muft  pay,  ordered  to 

"  and   he  ftill    refufing,   it   was   put    to    the  P^y- 

"  queftion,  ruled  affirmatively,  and  ordered  ac- 

"  cordingly .     Whereupon  he  took  his  fhilling, 

"and    threw    it    down    upon    the    ground :  J^^Jj^s  his 

"  upon  which  fome  called  him  to   the    bar,  ground. 

*'  others  that  he  fhould  withdraw  :   and  the 

"  Speaker,  ftanding  up,  did  fharply  reprove  him 

*•  for  that  adion,  as  being  a  contempt  to  the 

"  Houfe.    Which  caufedhim,  as  I  conceive,  a 


250  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

"  little  after,  to  withdraw  out  of  the  Houfe, 
"  though  he  returned  again  this  forenoon."* 
Beginning      Thefe  various  fcenes,   and  the  attempts  to 
EnV        check  in  honorable  members  a  growing  ten- 
dency to  flacken  and  be  remifs  in  their  atten- 
dances, prefigure  what  was    now  rapidly    ap- 
proaching.    The  King's  party  had  loft  their 
laft  venture,  and  filent  defertions  were  reported 
Call  of      daily.  A  call  of  the  Houfe  had  been  attempted 
attempted,  with  ill  fuccefs  foon  after  Strafford's  execution, 
and  now  another  attempt  was  made.     "  Mr. 
"  D.  Hollis,"  fays  D'Ewes,  "  moved  that  the 
"  houfe  might  be  called,  and  fuch  as  were  abfent 
"  fined,   for  the  relief  of  Ireland."     But  Sir 
Simonds  ftoutly  oppofed  the  motion,  reminding 
Mr.  Speaker  that  none  of  the   members  who 
were  abfent  at  the   firft   calling  had  paid  their 
£5  fine.    In  the  end,  the  motion  was  overruled, 
and  D'Ewes  adds  :   "  A  number  went  to  the 
"  conference  with  the  Lords,  and  we  had  not 
Not  forty  cc  foj-ty  left,  fo  the  Speaker  left  the  chair,  and 

members  ^.  ^ 

prefent.  "  we  difcourfed  feverally  one  with  another  for  a 
"  pretty  while."  f  Difcourfe  which  has  all 
pafled  away  with  the  honourable  members 
themfelves,  but  of  which  we  might  perhaps 
with  flight  effort,  if  it  were  worth  the  while, 
recal  fo  much  as  the  fubjoined  little  incident  of 
that  day  is  likely  to  have  called  forth,  as  they 
fo  talked  feverally  one  with  another.  It  had 
occurred  while  the  Houfe  yet  fat,  and  bufinefs 

♦  Harl  MSS.  163,  f.  476  a.  f  i^-  162,  f.401  b. 


§xxiv.     appeal  to  the  City.  251 

was    proceeding.       *^One   Mr.   Shepherd,   aAftranger 
*^  ftranger,  came  Into  the  Houfe   and  ftood  jjoufg^ 
*^  behind  the  Serjeant.     So  divers  efpied  him 
"  out,  and  called  him  to  the  Bar.     There,  he 
"  would  not  tell  his  name,  but  faid  he  was  a 
"  Bedfordfhire  man.     As  divers  knew  him.  How 
'*  he  was  difmiffed."  * 

And  now  I  refume  the  courfe  of  this  narra-  Refump- 
tive,  which  will  not  be  held,  I  truft,  to  have  *^°"  °f 

'  _  ,  .      ,    narrative. 

been  interrupted  needleilly,  by  a  feries  of  inci- 
dents and  illuftrations  intimately  connected 
with  it;  all  of  them  dravvn  from  an'unpublifhed 
^ufcript  record ;  ranging,  in  every  inftance, 
nn  a  compafs  of  not  many  weeks  beyond 
the  date  of  the  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members; 
and  not  only  fupplying  traits  of  hiftory  and 
perfonal  charader  eflential  to  any  thorough  why  in- 
comprehenfion  of  the  circumftances  and  refults  *^""P*^'^' 
comprifed  in  that  event,  but  teftifying  to  the 
truftworthinefs  of  one  of  the  principal  witnefTes 
to  be  called  in  evidence  for  what  yet  remains 
to  be  defcribed. 


n^u 


§  XXIV.  Appeal  to  the  City. 
Charles  fent  for  Mr.  Rufhworth  fhortly  Mr.  Rufh- 
after  he  reached  Whitehall.     James  Maxwell,  ^°"y^'"' 
ufher  of  the  Houfe  of  Lords,  the  fame  to  whom  King. 
Strafford  yielded   himfelf  a  prifoner,  and  in 

*  Harl.  MSS.  i6t,  fF.  385  a.  389  a. 


252  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

whofe  houfe  at  Charing  Crofs  two  right 
Report  of  reverend  prelates  were  now  impounded,  bore 
his  majef-  ^|^g  mefTage  to  the  aftonifhed  Clerk's  affiftant. 

ty  s  _  p 

fpeech  Arrived  in  the  Royal  prefence,  the  King  com- 
eman  e  .  YCi2ivAz6.  him  to  give  him  a  copy  of  his  fpeech 
that  day,  which  "  his  Majefty  had  obferved 
"  him  to  take  in  charaders  at  the  table  in  the 
"  Houfe."  Somewhat  alarmed  at  the  order,  and 
perhaps  not  without  the  ambition  to  fhow  the 
King  that  Mr.  Speaker's  recent  lefTon  of  alle- 
giance to  the  Commons  had  not  been  thrown 

Mr.  Rufh-  away,  Mr.  Rufliworth  ftammered  out  excufes  ; 

worth  s  ■' 

humble      and  proceeded  humbly  to  remind  his  Majefty 

excufes.      j^^^  ^  certain  member  had  been  committed  to 

the  Tower,  for  reporting  what  a  certain  other 

member  had  faid  in  the  Houfe.     Then  faid  his 

„.^  ,^       Majefty  fmartly,  "  I  do  not  alk  you  to  tell  me 

fharp  re-    "  what  was  faid  by  any  member  of  the  Houfe, 

joi"  <=!■•      <c  i^^jt-  yf^\^2X  I  faid  myfelf."     Whereupon,  Mr. 

Rufhworth    informs    us,  that,  omitting  what 

Lenthal    had    interpofed,    he    "  readily    gave 

"  obedience  to  his  Majefty's  command,  and  in 

"  his   Majefty's  prefence,  in  the  room  called 

trarfii        "  the  Jewel-houfe,   tranfcribed  his    Majefty's 

cribed        <<  fpeech   out  of  his   charadlers,  his    Majefty 

notes,  in     '^  ftaying  in  the  room  all  the  while,  and  then 

m-effnce     "  ^       there  prefented  the  fame  to  the  King  : 

*^  which  his  Majefty  was  pleafed  to  command 

Sent  to      "to  be  fent  fpeedily  to  the  prefs,  and  the  next 

pj'cs.         ;j  morning  it  came  forth  in  print."      But  alas 

for  the  prefent   chances  of  fuch  an  appeal ! 


§  XXIV.     Appeal  to  the  City.  253 

Every  copy  that  could  now  be  circulated  had 
for  its  precurfor,  and  illuftratlve  comment,  the 
printed  and  publifhed  Grand  Remonftrance, 
already  for  nearly  three  weeks  in  the  hands  of 
every  Citizen. 

On  the  fame  night,  after  Rufhworth  quitted  Proclama- 
the  King,  there    came    forth  a  proclamation  3°";^^ 
reiterating  the  charge  of  treafon  againft  the  Five  Five 
Members,  and  clofing  the  ports  againft  any 
attempt  they  might  make  to  quit  the  kingdom.  Ports 
This   proclamation    is   ordinarily    confounded  ^^°^^^ 
with  that    which  forbade    all    perfons    under  their 
graveft  penalties  to  receive  or  harbour  them,  ^  '^^^^' 
and  which   was   not   iflued  until   afterwards. 
Received  and  harboured,  meanwhile,   it  was 
well  known  that  they  now  were,  in  a  houfe  in  Their 
Coleman  Street  in  the  City :  whither  already  of^^g^Wg 
the  King  was  refolved  to  proceed  next  day  to 
demand  them,  and  to  try  his  final  chances  of 
authority  and  predominance  in  that  ftronghold 
of  his  kingdom. 

Of  the  influence  and  importance  of  the  City  of 
City  of  London  at  this  time,  it  is  needlefs  to 
fpeak.  It  reprefented  in  itfelf  the  wealth,  the 
ftrength,  and  the  independence,  which  had 
made  England  feared  and  honoured  throughout 
the  world.  Within  its  walls,  and  under  the 
fhadow  and  prote6lion  of  its  franchifes,  flept  Mer- 
nightly  between  three  and  four  hundred  thou-  ^^^^^^ 

D       J ^  _  home  as 

fand  Citizens.     The  place  of  bufinefs  of  the  well  as 
merchant,  in  thofe  days,  was  alfo  his  refidence  bufinefs. 


254 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 


Its  palaces  and  his  home.    The  houfes  then  recently  built 

leges!"^*'  ^y  iiobles  beyond  its  precinfts,  along  the  Strand 

of  the  magnificent  river,  fcarcely  tranfcended  in 

extent  or  iplendour  thofe  palaces  of  its  mer- 

.     chant  princes,  which  lurked  everywhere  behind 

its  bufy  wharves  and  crowded  counting-houfes. 

But,  beyond  every  fuch  fource  of  aggrandife- 

Sources  of  ments,  its  privileges  were  its  power.     From  its 

Its  power,  g^^ijg^  charters,  and  immunities,  wrefted  from 

the  needs,  or  beftowed  by  the  favour,  of  fuccef- 

five  princes ;    from  its  own  regulation  of  its 

military  as  well    as  civil  aifairs ; '""    from   its 


Lord 
Mayor's 
letter  to 
aldermen. 


Military- 
organiza- 
tion of 
City. 


Inftruc- 
tions  for 
watch  and 
ward. 


Perfonal 

fervice 

required 

from 

aldermen. 


*  Late  in  the  night  of  the  4th  of  January,  the  day  of  the 
King's  attempt,  upon  fome  fuggeftion  which  had  reached  him 
from  Whitehall,  Sir  Richard  Gourney  fent  round  to  the 
Aldermen  of  each  ward  in  the  City  a  letter  of  which  the 
rough  draft,  brought  back  apparently  to  the  Court,  is  now  in 
the  State  Paper  Office.  It  will  be  read  with  intereft  for  the 
proof  it  affords  of  the  military  government  and  organization 
of  the  City  at  the  time.  Of  courie  the  obje6l  which  the  Lord 
Mayor  had  in  view  was  fruftrated  by  the  very  means  thus 
propofed  to  give  effe6t  to  it.  He  mifcalculated,  as  the  King 
did ;  and  the  organization  and  refiftance  they  would  have 
invoked  to  proteft  themfelves,  they  found  fuddenly  turned 
againft  them.  The  letter  begins  by  ftating,  that,  for  the 
better  fuppreffing  and  apprehending  of  all  fuch  infolent  perfons 
as  fhall  be  tumultuoufly  affembled  in  and  about  the  City 
and  Liberties  thereof,  each  Alderman  do  ftraightway  appoint 
*'  fubftantial  double  watch  and  ward  of  able  men,  well 
"  weaponed  and  furniftied  with  Halberds  and  Mufquetts,  to 
**  be  from  henceforth  duly  kept  &  continued  every  night  and 
**  day  .  .  efpecially  at  eveiy  gate,  pofterne,  &  landing 
*'  place  within  the  fame,  to  beginne  at  eight  of  the  clock  in 
"  the  evening  and  continue  until  five  in  the  morning.  And 
"  fo  from  that  tyme,  by  new  fupply,  until  eight  at  night 
"  again,"  to  go  on  until  each  Alderman  have  further  order  to 
the  contrary  from  the  Chief  Magiftrate.  And  further,  each 
Alderman  is  adjured  "  that  yourfelfe  take  the  fervice,  the  danger 
**  of  the  tymes  confidered,  perfonally  to  heart  and  care.  And 
"  that  you,  your  deputy,  &  fome  of  the  Common  Councilmen, 
**  in  perfon,  do  not  only  by  turne  watch  every  night,  but  that 


§  XXIV.     Jfpeal  to  the  City.  255 

complete  and  thoroughly  organized  democracy,  Its  com- 
governed  and  governing  by  and  within  itfelf ;  organlfed 
was  derived  an  influence  which  made  it  formid-  demo- 
able  far  beyond  its  wealth  and  numbers.     Cla- 
rendon, after  fpeaking  of  its  incredible  acceflion 
of  trade,  of  its  marvellous  increafe   in  riches,  its  incre- 
people,  and  buildings,  of  its  unvarying  choice  Ji'^il^ient 
of  the  wealthieft  and  beft-reputed  men,  of  the  by  trade, 
wifeft  and  moft  fubfl:antial  citizens,  to  ferve  its 
offices  and  dignities,  and  of  its  feveral  power- 
ful  companies  **  incorporated  within  the  great 
**  corporation,"  falls  into  a  lament  that  wife  Claren- 
men  Ihould  not  have  forefeen,  that  fuch  a  full-  ment. 
nefs  could  not  poffibly  continue  there  without 
an   emptinefs  in  other  places ;    and  that  the 
government   of  the  country  fhould   undergo 
negleft,  while  fo  many  perfons  of  honour  and 
eftates  were  fo  delighted  with  the  City.*     But 
this  lament  was   not  indulged  until  the  City 

*'  you  provide  the  fame  watch  and  ward  to  be  orderly  fett 
"  torth  &  continued  in  manner  as  aforef''  within  your  wards." 
Gates  were   everywhere  to   be   fhut  and  itrongly    guarded,  iiortinca- 
Efpecial  care  to  be  taken  that  the  faid  gates,  and  portcullifes  t'o^s  or 
thereunto  belonging,  were  fpeedily  repaired  and  made  fuffi-  *"^  t^ity 
ciently  ftrong  wherelbever  required:  and  the  portcullifes  made  walls, 
eafy  to  let  down  and  draw  up  when  need  Ihould  be.     Alfo 
provifion  was  to  be  made  for  fetting   right  all   chains  and 
pofts  in  any  way  defeftive,  fubftantially  and  ftrongly.     Alfo 
each  parifh  in  the  ward  was  to  be  fufficiently  furniflied  with 
hooks,  ladders,  buckets,  fpades,  fhovels,  pickaxes,  augurs,  and 
chifels.     Men  were  likewife  to  be  provided  in  fuch  numbers 
that  the  Trained  Bands  and  watches  might  be  kept  conftant 
to  their  ftations,   and  always  in  full  efficiency.     And  every 
houfeholder  was  to  be  refponfible  for  the  good  conduft  of  his 
apprentices.     They  were  not  to  permit  either  them  or  their 
fervants  to  go  abroad  without  moft  fevere  penalties.     It  is 
figned  ^'This^th  dayof  Jan^.  Michell."         *  Hift,  ii.  151. 


256  ^rreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

The  City  had   made  itfelf,  in   the  fame  writer's  wordsj 

to  the   ^    "  eminent  for  its  difaffedlion  to  the  govern- 

Court.       <f  ment   of    Church    and    State "    (as    then 

adminiftered),  and  had  in  fad:  overthrown  it. 

To  its  honour,  be  it  faid,  that,  from  the  hour 

the  caufe  of  public  freedom  was  in   peril,  the 

City  of  London    caft   in  its    fortunes   unre- 

Well        fervedly  with   the  oppofition  to   the  Court.* 

afFeftedto   ^  /.  r    n  •    •         l       1  •    n 

the  Com-  Its  relolute   rerulal  to  jom  the  league  agamlt 
"'°"'-        the  Scottifh  Covenant,  had  baffled  the  counfels 

and  wafted  the  energies  of   Strafford ;  and  its 

Services  in  Trained  Bands,   under  Skippon,  were  deftined 

^   ■     largely  to  contribute  to  the  final  defeat  of  the 

King. 
Excite-  Throughout  the  night  of  Tuefday  the  4th 

night  o'f    °^  January,    a  terrible    excitement   prevailed, 
the  arreft.  Upon  intelligence  of  the  King's  attempt,  all  the 

fliops  had  been  clofed,   and  the  City  alt  night 

Attack  on  *  The  City,  it  is  almoft  unneceflaiy  to  fay,  is  the  conftant 
City  in  objeft  of  unfparing  ami  niercilefs  attack  in  the  Court  Satires, 
Royalift  but  its  power  is  freely  admitted,  and  the  fuftaining  force  it 
iatires,  imparted  to  the  popular  counfels  is  never  for  a  moment  quef- 
tioned.     The  subjoined  lines  are  from  An  Addrefs  to  the  City : 

Now  do  you  daily  contribute  and  pay 

Money  your  Truths  and  Honours  to  betray  ! 

Bigg  with  Fanatic  thoughts  and  wilde  defire, 

'Tis  you  that  blow  up  the  increafmg  fire 

Of  foul  Rebellion  !    you  that  alone  do  bring 

Armies  into  the  Field  againft  your  King  ! 

For  wer't  not  from  fuftainment  from  your  Baggs 

That  "  Great  "  and  "Higheft"  Court  that  only  braggs 

Of  your  vain  folly,  long  'ere  this  had  been 

Punifti'd  for  their  bold  facrilegious  fin  .  .  . 

They  would  not  then  have  fo  fupreamly  brought 

Their  votes  to  biing  the  kingdome's  peace  to  nought, 

Nor  with  fo  flight  a  value  lookt  on  him 

King  Charles,  and  only  doted  on  king  Pym  ! 


§  XXIV.     appeal  to  the  City.  257 

was  under  arms.*     From  gate  to  gate  pafled  **  c:ava- 

lit*rs  com— 

the  cries  of  alarmed  Citizens  that  the  Cavaliers  ing." 
were  entering,  that  their  defign  was  to  fire  the 
City,  and  that  the  King  himfelf  was  at  the  head 
of  them.     Threats  of  a  contemplated  feizure  Apprc- 
of  the  arms  of  the  Citizens,  by  violent  entry  feizure  of 
into  their  houfes  under  royal  warrant,  increafed  ^'''"^• 
the  prevailing  dread  and  excitement."}"     Nor 
was  the  feeling  likely  to  abate  upon  rumours 


*  "  The  fhops  of  the  City  generally  (hut  up,  as  if  an  enemy  City  fhops 
"  were  at  their  gates  ready  to  enter,  and  to  plunder  them ;  all  (hut. 
"  and  the  people  in  all  places  at  a  gaze,  as  if  they  looked 
"  only  for  direftions,  and  were  then  difpofed  to  any  under- 
"  taking." — Clarendon,  Hijl.  ii.  160. 

t  That  there  exifted  too  much  ground  for  thefe  fufpicions,  I  Rough 
difcover  by  the  rough  draft,  in  the  State  Paper  Office,  of  the  draft  of 
fubjoined   "  Warrant  to  the  Lord  Mayor  under  the  Signet,"  royal  war- 
dated  4th  of  January  164.1.     "Whereas  wee   are  informed  lant. 
"  that   fix   peeces    of    Ordnance,  ufually   belonging   to   the 
"  Artillery  Yard,  have  now  lately   been  brought  into  that  Oranance 
*'  O'  Citt}i  of  London,  and  placed  in  Leaden  Hall,  but  w"*  ^^^^^7  '^i^" 
*'  what  intentions  wee  are  not  yett  well  fatiffied.    [Confidering  poi^d. 
"  the  diftempers  and  troubles  of  thefe  times,]  Our  will  and 
**  command  therefore  is,  that  you  forthwith  take  an  efpeciall 
"  care  to  fee  thofe  faid  peeces  foe  fafely  difpofed  of,  that  they 
*    onely  ferve  for  the  guard  and  prefervation  of  the  faid  Citty, 
"  if  caufe  (hould  foe  require.     And  whereas  wee  are  farther  Houfes  to 
"  informed  that  feverall  perfons  of  mean  quality  have  of  late  befearched 
**  taken  into  their  houfes  an  unufuall  number  or  mufquets,  as  for  rauf- 
"  fome  20,  30,  40,  or  thereabout,  and  amunition  accordingly.  Jcets, 
"  Our  will  and  pleafure  is  that  you  likewife  caufe  a  fearch  to 
**  be  made  through'  the  faid  Citty  and  the  Liberties  thereof, 
"  and,  when  you  (hall  find  any  fuch  quantities  of  armes,  that 
"  you  examine  thofe  perfons  upon  what  grounds  and  reafons  PoflefTors 
*'  they  have  made  fuch  provifions,  and,  as  you  (hall  fee  caufe,  of  fire- 
"  that  you  take  foe  good  affurance  from  them,  that  they  may  be  arms  to  be 
'*  refponfible  for  the  faid  armes  and  their  intentions  therew"',  examined. 
**  that  through  the   fame  the  peace  and  fafety  of  that  Our 
"  Citty  not  any  ways  be  endangered.     And  for  foe  doing  this 
"  (hall  be  y"^  warrant.     Given  under  our  Signet,  Whitehall, 
"  4th  Jan.  1641,"     The  words  within  brackets  are  an  inter- 
lineation in  Nicholas's  hand-writing. 


258 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


King's     fpread   abroad  widi  the  dawn,  of  a    meflage 
[hfLmd°  received  by  the  Chief  Magiftrate  from  White- 
Mayor,      hall,  to  the  efFed  that  his  Majefby  had  matter  of 
prefling  occafion  to  addrefs  to  the  Lord  Mayor 
and  Common  Council,  and  propofed  to  vifit 
Warrants  Guildhall   before  noon.     Warrants  of   arreft, 
accufed.     Committed  to  the  hands  of  the  two  Sheriffs  of 
London,  preceded  him  there ;  and  no  indica- 
tion was  wanting  of  a  determined  refolve  that 
he  would  yet  carry  out  his  purpofe  of  obtain- 
ing pofleflion  of  the  perfons  of  the  accufed. 

§  XXV.     The  King's  Reception  in 
Guildhall. 

Soon  after  nine  o'clock  on  the  morning  of 
Wednefday  the  5th  January,  or  nearly  four 
hours  before  the  time  to  which  the  Houfe  of 
Commons  had  adjourned  their  meetfng  that 
day,  Charles  fet  out  upon  his  enterprife  of 
conferring  with  the  City  authorities  ;  and  the 
report  in  Rufliworth,  and  half  a  page  in 
Clarendon,  are  all  that  has  hitherto  come  down 
to  us  of  what  paffed  at  a  meeting  which  may 
be  faid   to  have  determined  the  King's  fate.* 


An  im- 
portant 
day  for 
Charles  I. 


*  Hijl.  Col.  III.  i.  479,  4.80;  Clarendon,  Hijl.  ii.   131.     I 

fubjoin  Rufhworth's  account,  which,  brief"  and  dry  as  it  is, 

comprifes  all  the  detail  known  to  us  hitherto  of  what  tranf- 

pired.      "  His   Majefty  being   arrived  at  Guild   Hall,    and 

"  the  Common  Council  afTembled,  he  made  this  f'peech  to 

King's        "  them  :  '  Gentlemen,  I  am  come  to  demand  fuch  perfons  as 

fpeech  at     "  '  1  have  already  accufed  of  High  Treafon,  and  do  believe 

Guildhall.  "  *  are  fhrouded  in  the  City.     I  hope  no  good  man  will  keep 

"  '  them  from  me  5  their  offences  are  Treafon  and  Mifde- 


§  XXV.     The  King's  Reception  in  Guildhall.  259 

For,  in  this  vifit,  he  threw  his  laft  ftake  for  the  His  laft 
good-will  of  his  citizen  fubjedts.      Declining  good-wHl 
to  take  any  Guard  with  him,  and  counting  to  of  City, 
the  laft  upon  a  greeting  at  Guildhall  not  lefs 
enthufiaftic  or  loyal  than  had  welcomed  him 
on  his  return  from   Scotland,  he  left  White- 
hall with  the  confident  belief  that  he  fhould  His  confi- 
drive  his  enemies  from  their  laft  refuge.     Nor  unabated, 
was  he  without  fo  much  ground  for  the  delu- 
fion  as,  however  fcant  and  infufficient  in  reality, 
might  perhaps  have  been  expedled  to  fuffice  to 
a  mind  fo  obftinate  and  narrow.     He  continued  Grounds 
to  have  undoubtedly  many  adherents  among  f°ife "ejj. 
thofe  holding  municipal  places.     One  of  the  ance. 
Sheriffs   was  his  unflinching   partizan.      The 
Chief  Magiftrate  wielded  extraordinary  powers 
in   that  day,   long  fince  fallen  to  difufe ;  and 
the  devoted  adherence  of  the  prefent  holder 
of   the    office,    carried    ftill     an    amount    of  Prefent 
fupport  that  in  ordinary  circumftances  might  ^nA°o\"^ 
have  turned  the  fcale.     Royalty  itfelf,  more-  traditions. 
over,  had  not  loft  even  then  all  its  old  tradi- 

*'  '  meanour  of  an  high  nature.     I  defire  your  loving  afliftance 

"  '  herein,  that  they  may  be  brought  to  a  legal  trial.     And 

*'  '  whereas  there  are  divers  fufpicions    raifed  that  I  am  a 

"  *  favourer  of  the  Popifh  Religion,  I  do  profefs  in  the  name  Affur- 

"  '  of  a  king  that  I  did,  and  ever  will,  and  that  to  the  utmoft  ances  as  to 

** '  of  my  power,  be  a  profeculor  of  all  fuch  as  fhall  any  ways  religion. 

"  *  oppofe  the  laws  and  ftatutes  of  this  kingdom,  either  papifts 

"  *  or  feparatifts ;  and  not  only  fo,  but  I  will  maintain  and 

*'  '  defend  that  true  Proteftant  Religion  which  my  Father  did 

"  *  profefs,  and  I  will  continue  in  it  during  life.'     His  Majefty 

"  was  nobly  entertained  that  day  in  London  at  the  houfe  of  Dinner  at 

**  one  of  the  Sheriffs,  and  after  dinner  returned  to  Whitehall  Sheriff's. 

"  without  interruption  of  tumults." 

s  2 


26o 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


Reception 
on  his 
way. 

Caution 
to  be 
wary  of 
fpeech. 


Forced 
miJdnefs. 


Captain 
Slingfby 
an  eye- 
and  ear- 
witnefs. 


"  Privi- 
lege !  pri- 
vilege !  " 


"  To  your 
tents,  O 
Ifrael." 


tional  and  Inherent  authority  ;  and  the  number 
of  waverers,  or  men  of  no  fixed  opinion, 
whom  all  thefe  circumftances  would  be  likely  to 
influence,  could  not  have  been  Inconfiderable. 
Hardly  had  Charles  pafled  Temple  Bar,  how- 
ever, when  he  muft  have  felt  thefe  fupports  begin 
to  crumble  under  him ;  and  fuch  warning  had  he 
received  to  be  wary  of  his  fpeech  by  the  time  he 
reached  Guildhall,  that  his  declared  and  deter- 
mined purpofe  to  have  the  five  traitors  de- 
livered up  to  him,  which  he  had  come  there 
exclufively  to  repeat  and  enforce,  muft  have 
founded  ftrangely  out  of  keeping  with  the 
forced  mildnefs  of  his  tone.  We  are  happily 
able  to  break  through  the  referve  of  Rufh- 
worth,  and  fully  to  defcribe  the  fcene. 

It  was  Captain  Slingfby's  fortune  that  day, 
as  he  writes  to  Admiral  Pennington  the  day 
following,*  "  being  in  a  coach,"  to  meet  the 
King  with  his  fmall  train  going  into  the  City. 
Whereupon,  he  fays,  he  followed  him.  His 
Majefty's  reception  in  the  ftreets  was  not  favour- 
able. UnfupprefTed  cries  of  difcontent  broke 
forth.  The  multitude  prefTed  around  his  coach 
with  confufed  fliouts  of  Privilege  of  Parliament ! 
Privilege  of  Parliament !  and  one,  lefs  reftrained 
than  the  reft,  made  himfelf  confpicuous  by 
flinging  into  the  window  a  paper  on  which 
was  written,  "  To    your  Tents,  O  Ifrael  I  " 

*  MS.  State  Paper  Office:  Slingfby  to  Pennington:  6fh 
January  164. 1-2. 


§  XXV.     The  King^s  Reception  in  Guildhall.  26 1 

The  offence  was  expiated  at  Seflions  ;  but  the 
Ten  Tribes  had  even  now  deferted  the  Reho- 
boam,  whom  neverthelefs  the  more  gracious 
company,  the  Mayor,  the  Sheriffs,  the  Alder- 
men, and  all  the  Common  Council  afTembled  in  ^"i'.jt^  f* 
full  order  and  ceremony  at  Guildhall,  received 
with  every  external  mark  of  homage  and 
refpedt. 

He  at  once  addrefled  them.     He  had  come.  King's 
he  faid,  to    demand  fuch  perfons  as  he    had  ^^^^ 
already    accufed    of    high    treafon,    and    did 
believe  were  fhrouded  in  the  City.    He  hoped 
no    good  man  would  keep  them  from  him,  Refolved 
their  offences  being  treafon  and  mifdemeanor  the  Five 
of  a  high   nature ;  and  he  delired  afliftance  to  Members. 
bring  them    to  a  legal  trial.      He  was  very 
forry  to  hear  of  the  apprehenfions  the  City  had 
entertained  of  danger,  and  he  was  come  to  ^^^'f"^^ 

D     '  _  .on  the 

them  to  fhow  how  much  he  relied  on  their  City's 
affedions  for  his  fecurity  and  guard,  having  ^°°  "^'  ' 
brought  no  other  with  him.  Whereas  there 
had  been  fufpicions  raifed  that  he  was  a  favorer 
of  the  Popifh  religion,  he  now  declared  to  them 
his  wifh  and  intention  to  join  with  the  Parlia- 
ment in  extirpation  not  alone  of  Popery, 
but  of  all  fchifms  and  fedlaries.     His  refolve  T^'l'  ^^' 

drefs 

was  to  redrefs  all  the  grievances  of  the  fubjedl,  grievances 
and  his  care  fhouldbe  topreferve  the  privileges  privHeges: 
of  the  Parliament ;  but  again  and  again,  accord- 
ing to  Slingfby,  he  repeated,  he  muft  quejiion  but  muft 
thofe  Traitors,    He  juflified  the  Military  Guard  Traitors. 


0.62  Arreji  of  the  Five  Memlers. 

\i^'^^\  „  eftabllflied  at  Whitehall,  and  faid  the  reafon 

Whitehall  r        r  •  i-      nr     i       ti      t 

Guard,      thereof  was  "  for  fecuring  himfelfj  the  rarha- 

"  ment,  and  themfelves,  from  thofe  late  tu- 

"  mults."     He  added,  fays  Slingfby,  '*  fome- 

'*  thing  of  the  Irifh  ;  and  at  laft  had  fome 

''  familiar  to    the  Aldermen "   (fpoke    them 

friendly  words,  that  is),  "  and  invited  himfelf 

dine  with  '^  to  dinner  to  the  SherifFs."     He  was  careful 

Sheriff      *°  ^^^^"^  ^°^  ^"^^  honour  Mr.  Sheriff  Garrett, 

who  was  of  the  two,  according  to  Clarendon, 

thought  to  be  lefs  inclined  to  his  fervice. 

9.™"°"^        So  far  all  had  pafTed  very  quietly  ;  in  an 

oppofmg  ominous    filence,   but    without   interruption. 

Then,  fays  Slingfby,  after  a  little  paufe,  a  cry 

was    fet    up    among    the  Common   Council, 

V  Privi-     Parliament !  Privileges  of  Parliament !     And 

Jeges  01  a         -y 

Parlia-      prcfcntly  another,  God  hlejs  the  King  I     Thefe 

anT^'*God  ^^°'  ^^   wHtcs,   "  Continued  both  at  once  a 

hlefs  the     "  good  while,  I  know  not  which  was  loudefl." 

'^'       Sufficiently  decifive  evidence,  it  will  be  thought, 

out  of  fuch  lips,  that  the  refiflance  to    the 

loyal  ejaculation  muft  indeed  have  been  floutly 

and  flurdily  maintained. 

Has  any         Nothino;  Can  be  more  charaderiftic  than  the 

one  any-  ° 

thing  to    fequel,  as  related  by  this  eye-witnefs  fo  favor- 

^^'  able  to  the  King.     "  After  fome  knocking  for 

"  filence,  the  Kinge  cofnaunded  one  to  fpeake 

"  if  they  had  any  thinge  to  fay.     One  fayd, 

wte^rj  "^^  ^^  ^^^^  '^^^^  of  this  Court  that  your  Ma''' 
hear  your  "  heare  the  advice  of  your  Parlament.  But 
ment!"      *'  prefentlie    another  anfwered,  //  is  not  the 


§  XXV.     The  King's  Reception  in  Guildhall.  263 

'^  vote  of  this  Court :  it  is  your  ownn  vote  !  'No— thzt 

'^The   Kinge   replyed,  IVho  is  it  that  fays  Iy^°^ 

*'  cio  not  take  the  advyce  of  my  Parlament :  I 

''  do  take  their  advyce  and  will:  hut  I mufi 

"  diftinguifh  between  the  Parlament  and  fome 

"  Tray  tors  in  it:  and  thofe"   (Slingfby  tells 

us  that  he  again  and  again  repeated  this)  "  he 

"  would    bring     to    tryall — tryall  !  "     Then 

there  was  filence  again  :    but  prefently,    and 

quite  unexpedledly,  another  highly  charader- 

iftic   interruption.      "  Another   bold    fellow,  A  bold 

"  in    the   loweft    ranke,     flood    upp     upon  a^^rm. 

*^  a   forme,    and    cryed     The    Priviledges   of 

"  Parlament  !     And  another  cryed  out,   Ob- 

^^ferve  the  man,  apprehend  him!     The  King 

"  mildly    replied,    /  have    and   will   ohferve  Rejoinder 

,,..,,  r     Tt      1  •    for  him. 

*'  all  prtvt ledges  of  Parlament,  but    no  pri- 

"  viledges  can  prote£i  a  tray  tor  from  a  tryall —  "  Trial — 

*^  tryall !     And  foe  departed.     In  the  outer 

*'  hall  were  a  multitude  of  the  ruder  people, 

*^  who,  as  the  King  went  out,  fett  up  a  greater 

*^  cry  The  Priviledge  of  Parlament  !'^ 

Through  thefe  ruder  people  he  pafTed  to  Dines  with 
Sheriff  Garrett's  houfe,  was  nobly  entertained 
therein  until  3  o'clock,  and,  with  the  fatal  and 
determined  fhout  of  Privilege  I  Privilege  I 
again  raifed  from  the  lips  of  thoufands,  while 
upon  his  own  doubtlefs  there  trembled  ftill 
the  hefitating  and  painful,  if  not  lefs  obftinate, 
cry  of  Trial — Trial  I  he  returned  to  White- "  Trial— 

trial ' " 

hall.     He  had  thrown  and  loft  the  ftake. 


264 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


Incidents 
of  the  re- 
turn to 
White- 
hall. 


§  XXVI.     Humiliation  and  Revenge. 

Of  the  incidents  of  Charles  the  Firft's 
return  to  his  palace  on  this  ill-omened  day, 
when,  as  Clarendon  mildly  phrafes  it,  he 
failed  of  that  applaufe  and  cheerfulnefs  which 
he  might  have  expedled  from  the  extraordinary 
grace  he  had  vouchfafed.  Captain  Slingfby 
fays  nothing  ;  but  they  are  named  by  another 
correfpondent  of  Pennington,  whofe  letter, 
contributing  fome  heightening  touches  even  to 
the  relation  juft  given,  will  find  alfo  here  its 
appropriate  place.  "  Noble  Sir,"  writes  Mr. 
Thomas  Wifeman*  to  the  Admiral  of  the 
Channel  Fleet,  ^'  I  am  forry  that  the  times  are 
"  fuch  they  will  afford  little  elfe  to  advize  of, 
"  than  the  daily  diftracflions  that  increafe  upon 
'^  us.  The  laft  weeke,  12  B'''"  were  impeached 
"  of  high  treafon  by  the  Parlament  ;  and  this 
"  weeke,  5  of  the  cheifFe  memb''  of  the  Houfe 
"  of  Comons,  &  the  Lord  Mandeville  in  the 
"  Lords  Houfe,  by  the  King :  as  by  the 
"  charge  given  then,    &  theire    names,   you 


g  •  MS.  State  Paper  Office,     6th  January.     I  append,  from 

p  "^^  .  °  the  fame  rich  and  unexplored  materialsof  hiftory,fomefentences 
ennme-  ^^-^  letter,  with  fame  date,  from  Under  Secretary  Sidney  Bere: 
"  Yefterday  the  King  went  to  Guild  Hall  in  peribn.  .  .  . 
"  They  made  a  confufed  noife  cryine  out  for  Privileges  of 
"  Parliament,  to  w'''  his  Ma""  gave  all  the  affurance  poffible 
"  that  his  intention  was  not  in  the  leafte  to  infringe  them,  .  . 
"  But  att  this  time  he  went  not  guarded  as  he  did  the  day 
"  before  to  Parliament.  That  afternoone  the  Lower  Houfe 
"  fatt,  &  have  adjourned  until  Tuefday  next.  .  .  w'-''  caufes 
"  ftill  a  greate  diftemper  of  apprehentions  amongft  them." 


Wifeman 
to  Pen- 
nington : 
6th  Janu- 
ary. 

News  of 
the  week. 


ton  : 
6th  Janu 

ary. 

Cries  in 
City. 


§  XXVI.     Humiliation  and  Revenue,  iS^ 

"  may  perceive  by  a  particular  herew*  inclofed  Fears  of 

"  — w*=h  hath  bredd  fuch  a  diftemper  both  in  l"onr^^" 

"  y^  Cittie  &  Houfes  of  Parlam^  that  wee  are 

"  not  free  from  the  fears  of  an  infurredion. 

"  The  6  perfons  keepe  out  of  the  way  ;    and  Accufed 

"  although  the  Comons  Houfe  did  promife  for  ^^^^^ 

"  theire    forth    coffting,     yet    they    are    not  way. 

"  coming   forth.     His   Ma^'^  yefterday  came 

"  into  the  Cittie,  &  made  a  gracious  fpeech 

"  to  the  Lord  Maio'"  Ald"&  Comon  Councill 

"  at  the  Guildhall,  where  they  were  afTembled 

"  to  take  order  for  the  faftie  of  the  fame  ;  and 

"  did,  as  much  as  in  him  laye,  ftrive  to  give  Efforts  to 

"them   all    fatiffacion.     Many    cryed  out  to '^°"'^'^'^*^  • 

"  his    Ma"^  to  mayntaine  the    priviledges  of 

**  parlam*,  to  whom  he  moft  gently  replyed  it  Gentlenefs 

"  was  his  defire  foe  to  doe,   &  would  not  in  of.^i"g's 

'  voice, 

^^  the  leaft  invade  upon  them  ;  but  they  mull 

"  give  him  leave  to  diftinguifhe  betweene  the  Firmnefs 

"  Parlam^  and  fome  ill-afFedled  members  in  it,  ofhispur- 

11  r  •    •  pole. 

'*  w^  have  gon    about  by  trealons  to  inmre 
"  his  perfon,  and  to  w*'^drawe  his  people  from 
"  their  allegiance.     And  therefore,   both   for 
"  his  owne  faftie  &  theire  goods,  hee  muft  and  Muft 
"  will  finde  them  out,  to  bring  them  to  Tuftice  ^'".^ 

'  _  o  »'  Traitors  to 

"  — w"""  fhould  be  don  in  a  legall  and  parlamen-  trial. 
"  tarye  way,  &  no  other  wayes.  And  if  they 
"  could  cleare  themfelves,  he  fhould  bee  glad  of 
"it;  if  otherwife,  hee  held  them  not  memb" 
"  fitt  to  fitt  in  that  affemblye,  w''  were  mett 
"  together    to    make    good     lawes,    and    to 


266  Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

"  reforme  the  abufes  of  the  kingdome,  and 

''  not  to  betray  their  King.     Afterwards,  his 

Dinner  at  "  Matie  was  pleafed  to  bidd  himfelfe  to  dinner 

Garrett's.  "  ^o  Sheriff  Garrett's,  where  hee  flayed  till  3  of 

"  the  clock;  and  then,  returning  to  Whitehalle, 

Shouts  of  «f  the  rude  multitude  followed,  crying  againe 

againft  the  '^  PHvUedges  ofparlam^i  Priviledges  of  -parlamf^ 

King.       cc  whereat  the  good  King  was  fomewhat  moved, 

''  and  I  believe  was  glad  when  hee  was   at 

Glad  to     'f  home.      The    Comittee   of  the    Houfe  of 

''  Comons — (being  affrayed,  as  is  conceived,  of 

*'  the  King's  Guards,  w^^  hee  hath  lately  taken 

Why        f<  to  his  own  perfonne  at  Whitehaull,  beinge 

left  Weft- "  there   a   Courte   of  Guard   built,    and   the 

minfter.     <c  Xrayne  bands  of  Middlefex  night  and  day 

^'  attending,  w*^  at  leaft  6  fcore  other  officers, 

"  w^^i^  have  theire  dyett  at  Courte) — come  into 

"  the  Cittie  at  the  Guildhaull  to  hould  theire 

*'  confultatons,   the  Parlam*  being   adjourned 

"  till  Tuefday  next.     What  thefe  diftempers 

Expeaa-    <c  will  producc,  the  God  of  Heaven  knowes ; 

bloodflied.  "  but  it  is  feared  they  cannot  otherwife  end 

"  than  in  blood.     The  Puritan  fadionne,  w^*^ 

"  the  fectaryes  &  fchifmatickes,  are  foe  preva- 

**  lent  both  in  Cittie  and  Countrey,  that  no 

''  man  can  tell,  if  the  King  &  Parlam*  fhould 

Doiibts      "  not  agree,  w'^''  partie  would  bee  ftrongeft.  On 

ptrty^        "  Tuefday   his   Ma^'"^   went   to   the  Houfe  of 

ftrongeft.    'f  Comons   to  demand  the    perfons   of  thofe 

"  that  were  accufed  for  treafon :   but  they  were 

*'  not  there  to  be  found.    The  Houfe,  it  feemes. 


§  XXVI.     Humiliation  and  Revenge.  267 

'*'  taking  it  ill  the  King  fhould  come  in  that  Retro- 

"  manner   to    breake   their    privilledges,    for  ^^ 

"  ought  I  can  underftande  refolve  to  proted: 

*'  theire  memb''",  &  not  to  deliver  them  into  the 

"  hands  of  the  King.     And  to  take  them  by 

"  force — they  have  fuch  a  partie  in  the  Cittie 

"that  it  will  coft  hott  water!     We  have  3 

"  Privie  Councill''*  more  made:  the  Earl  of  More 

«  Southat-   my  Lord  of  fFaulkland,  &  Sr  Jno  l^^^-^^^^^.^ 

"  Colpepper,  whoe  is  likewife  Chancell''  of  the  made. 

"  Exchequer  ;  and  my  Lord  of  South*°"  fworne 

"  Gentleman  of  the  Bedchamber  to  the  King. 

"  Thus   you  fee  the   changes   of  the   times, 

**  whereon  I  pray  God  preferve  our  Gracious  God  pre- 

"  King,  and  fend  us  peace  at  home  whatfoever  ^-^i^'f 

"  wee  have  abroad  :  wh'^''  is  the  hartye  prayer  of 

"  y''  moft  affedt^   &  faithfull   friende,    Tho. 

"  Wiseman.       My   wife,  and  Do6lor,  wifh  Meflage 

*'  you  a  good  new  year,  &  fhee  hath  fent  you  wifeman'. 

"  a  toaken  of  her  refpedls  to  you,  &  prays  yof 

*'  acceptance  wherein  I  fhall  acknowledge  my 

*'  thanks  &  reft  once  again  yours,  T.  W." 

Yet  another,  however,    and  perhaps  worfe  A  Vr"^^^ 
trial  was  referved  for  the  Kmg,  when,  within  Charles. 
a  couple  of  days  after  this  vifit  of  evil  omen, 
its  refult  declared  itfelf  in  a  formal  anfwer  from 
the  magnates  of  the  City  to  the  demand  he  had 
made  for  fafe  delivery  into  his  cuftody  of  the 
bodies  of  Pym,  Hampden,  and  the  reft.     He  vifit  from 
had  to  receive  their  furred  and  robed  deputa-  council : 
tion  in   Whitehall :  and   to  liften  while  Mr. 


268 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members, 


Their 
advice ; 


confult 
with  your 
Parlia- 
ment : 

leave  the 
Tower 
alone : 

difperfe 
the  White, 
hall 
Guard  : 

abandon 
impeach- 
ment. 


Anecdote 
told  by 
Slingfby. 


Recorder  read  aloud  their  petition,  reprefent- 
ing  the  dangers  which  had  arifen,  and  the 
greater  that  were  impending,  from  the  mif- 
underftanding  between  his  Majefty  and  his 
Parliament ;  and  praying  him  again  to  refort 
to  the  advice  of  that  great  council,  to  abftain 
from  further  fortifying  of  Whitehall  or  the 
Tower,  to  place  the  latter  fortrefs  into  the  hands 
of  perfons  of  truft,  to  remove  all  unufual  mili- 
tary companies  and  armament  from  the  pre- 
cindls  of  his  palace,  to  appoint  a  known  and 
approved  Guard  for  the  fafety  of  himfelf  and 
his  Parliament,  and  not  further  to  reftrain  of 
their  liberty,  or  proceed  againft  otherwife  than 
according  to  parliamentary  right  and  privilege, 
the  members  lately  accufed. 

Humiliating  trials  all  thefe,  no  doubt ;  and 
it  requires  no  effort  to  underftand  the  emotion, 
and  the  eagernefs  to  be  home  again,*  which  the 
good  Mr.  Wifeman  attributes  to  his  gracious 
fovereign  while  yet  on  the  City  fide  of  Temple 
Bar.  But  it  requires  fome  effort,  as  well  as  a 
very  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  charader 
of  this  King,  not  to  rejed  as  almoft  incredible 

*  A  curious  incident  followed  upon  his  arrival  at  the 
palace,  which  is  thus  related  by  Slingfby.  (MS.  State  Paper 
Office,  6th  January.)  "  At  the  King's  coming  home,  there 
"  was  a  meane  fellow  came  into  the  privy  chamber,  who  had  a 
"  paper  fealed  up,  w"^*"  he  would  needes  deliver  to  the  Kinge 
"  himfelfe.  With  his  much  importunitie  he  was  urged  to  be 
"  mad,  or  drunke,  but  he  denyed  both.  The  gentleman  ufher 
"  toolce  the  paper  from  him,  carried  it  to  the  King,  and  defiring 
"  fome  gentlemen  there  to  keepe  the  man.  He  was  prefently 
"  fent  tor  in,  &  is  kepte  a  prifoner:  but  I  know  not 
"  wherefore." 


§  XXVI.     Humiliation  and  Revenge.  ^69 

the  fuppofition,  that  his  firft  ad,  upon  his  return  King's 

^      ,  •  I  c  •     •  r      1  ^    rr  firft  3.61  on 

to  his  palace  arter  receiving  men  a  lellon,  was  return 
with   his  own  hand  to  pen  a  frefh  inftrudion  f^o'"  C*^* 
to  Mr.  Secretary  Nicholas,  for  a  new  proclama- 
tion denouncing  the  accufed  members,  fpecially 
diredled   againft    thofe  who  were  harbouring 
them,  and  to  be  iflued  on  the  following  day.  New  pro- 
The  fadl  neverthelefs  is  undeniable.    Clarendon  againft  the 
expreflly  mentions  the  publication  of  that  parti-  members ! 
cular  proclamation  on  the  "  next  day,*'*  and 
I  have  difcovered  in  the  State  Paper  Office  the 
rough  draft  of  it,  with  the  date  of  the  5  th  of  Rough 
January,  wholly  in  the  handwriting  of  Charles  K^ng'" 
himfelf.     Kimbolton  is  not  named  in  it.     It  is  hand, 
reftrided  to  the  five  members  of  the  Lower  Kim- 
Houfe,  with  probably  a  lingering  hope  that  the  Q^[°f"j 
Upper  Houfe,  if  the  ftruggle  with  them  were 
put  afide,  might  yet  be  induced  to  ad  with 
the  Court.     It  is  endorfed  by  Nicholas,  "  His 
"  Ma^'^^  warr*  to  me  to  draw  upp  a  Proclama- 
"  tion  ag*  Mr.   Pym,  &c." ;  is  addrefTed  to 
'^  Our  trufty    and  well-beloved    Councell""  S"" 
"  Edward  Nicholas,  Kn*,  our  Principal  Secre-  inftruc- 
*'  tary  of  State,"  and  runs  thus  :  "  Charles  R.  secretary 
"  — Our  will  and  pleafure  is  that  you  forthwith  Nicholas. 
"  prepare  a  draught  of  a  Proclamation  declar- 
*'  ing  y^  courfe  of  our  proceedings  upon  the 
"  accufation  of  High  Treafon  and  other  high 
"  mifdemeanours  lodged  againft  Mr.   Denzill 
«  Hollis,  S""  Arthur  Haflerig,  Mr.  John  Pym, 

♦  Hiji.  li.  131, 


270  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 


ti 


Mr.   John    Hampden,    and   Mr.    William 
"  Strode,  members  of  Our  Houfe  of  Com- 
"  mons,  who,  being  ftruck  with  the  confcience 
have^"^         of  their  own  guilt  of  foe  hainous    crimes, 
efcaped.     «  have  made  their  efcape.     And  Our  will  & 
"  pleafure  is,  that  you  thereby   commande  all 
Injunc-      it  our  officers    minifters   and    loving  fubjedls 
feizethem.  "  to  ufe  their  diligence  in  y^  apprehending  & 
"  carrying  of  .them,  &  every  of  them,  to  Our 
"  Tower  of  London,  to  bee  kept  in  fafe  cuf- 
"  tody,  to  bee  brought  to  triall  according  to 
Prohibi-     "  jufticc.     And  that,  moreover,  you  prohibitt 
againft       "  all    ou^'  loving    fubjefts    to  harbor   relieve 
hf'^^Xm    "  ^    maintayne    them,    with    any    other    fit 
"  claufe.     And  for  doing  hereof  this  fhall  bee 
*'  yo""  fufficient  warrant.     Given  at  our  Court 
"  at  Whitehall  this  fifth  day  of  January  in  the 
"  17th  yeare  of  our  Reigne." 
The  City       Any   fuch   prohibition    againft   harbouring 
ed^  the  accufed  was  in  effedl  a  threat  againft  the 

City,  launched  precifely  at  the  moment  when 
its  author  had  difcovered  himfelf  powerlefs  to 
enforce  it ;  and  this  circumftance,  even  if  the 
warrant  had  not  been  entirely  in  the  hand- 
writing of  the  King,  muft  have  fufficed  to 
Solely  the  declare  it  exclufively  the  King's  ad.     Here  no 

Kingsaft.  J,  -nTiiii  -1 

doubt  can  exiit.  It  would  have  been  Ineer  mad- 
nefs  in  any  other  man  to  afTume,  in  fuch  cir- 
cumftances,  the  refponfibility.  It  is  not  con- 
ceivable, for  a  moment,  whatever  part  Nicholas 
or  the  reft  may  have  taken  before  the  declared 


§  XXVII.     Reajfemhling  of  the  Commons.  271 

and    manifeft  failure,    that   they   fliould  now  Hopelefs 
have  encouraged  a  perfiftence  fo  hopelefs,  foje^sper-" 
recklefs,  fo  impotently  obftinate  and  vain.     It  fiftence. 
will  fhortly  appear  indeed,  in  exprefs  terms, 
that  by  this  time  Nicholas  very  heartily  had  re-  Repent- 
pented  of  having  ever  accepted  his  high  office;  ?Jicholas. 
and  there  is  every  reafon  to  believe,  that,  from 
the  day  when  the  City  thus  declared  againft  the 
King,  Sir  Edward  required,  for  even  the  com- 
moneft  minifterial  adl  connected  with  the  im- 
peachment of  the  members,  Charles's  own  fign 
manual.     For  the  very  printing  of  this  procla-  Charles 
mation  the  King  has  himfelf  written  the  inftruc-  evenprint- 
tion,  preferved  alfo  in  the  State  Paper  Office.*  i"g  of 

proclama- 
tion. 

§  XXVII.     Reassembling    of    the   Com- 
mons. 

Meanwhile,  at  fome  half  hour  after  one  Wednef- 
o'clock  on  the  fame  fifth  of  January,  while  the  janua^, 
exciting  fcenes  above  defcribed  were  in  progrefs  ^H^-"^' 
in  the  City,  the  Houfe  of  Commons  had  reaf- 
fembled   at  Weftminfter.      The    agitation  of  defter- 
yefterday  had   not   fubfided.       The   firfl:    ad:  ta^tlon^not 
was  to  order  that  the  doors  be  locked, f  and  the  ^"^^'^^'^* 
outer  lobbies   cleared  of  all  perfons   but  fer- 

*  "Charles  R,      Our  will  and  Command  is  that  you  Kind's  in- 
"  give  orders   to   Our   Printer   to   print   Our   Proclamation  fl-^u^jons ' 
"  for  Apprehending  of  Mr.  John  Pym,  Mr.  John  Hampden,  ^n  nrinfer 
"  Mr.    Denzil    Hollis,    Sir   Arthur    Hafelrigge,    and    Mr.       P^'"'^'^* 
"  Wm.    Strode.      For  which    this   (hall    bee   yo'   warrant. 
"  Given  at  Our  Court  at   Whitehall  this  6  day  of  Jan''. 
"  1641. 

"  To  Sir  Edw**  Nicholas 

"  Our  Principall  Secretary."     f  Harl.  MSS,  162,  f.  307  b. 


272  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

vants  to  members ;  that  no  member  Ihould  offer 
to  go  out  without  leave  ;  and  that  fome  fhould 
Watches    fend  forth  their  fervants,  to  fee  what  numbers 
fent  out.    ^^  people  were  repairing  towards  Weftminfter, 
and   to  bring  notice  to  the  Houfe.     So  pre- 
pared and  watchful  for  other  than  the  conflifts 
of  debate,  and  with  hands  nervoufly  clutching 
260  mem-  at  lefs  peaceful  weapons,  there  fat  this  day  two 
ftnt-^"^^"    hundred  and  flxty  members,  and  among  them 
90  of  the    nearly  ninety  of  the  party  of  the  King.     The 
King  s      Royalifts  had  not  affembled  in  fuch  force  fince 
the  debate  and  divifion  of  the  1 5th  of  December 
on  the  printing  of  the  Remonftrance.     When 
D'Ewes  entered  the  Houfe,  he  found  Grimfton, 
The  mem-  the  member  for  Colchefter,  fpeaking  of  "  the 
cS/hefter  "  g^'^^^  breach  of  their  privileges  by  his  Ma- 
leads  de-    "jefty's  coming  to  the  Houfe  yefterday  with 
"  fo    great  a  number  of  officers  of  the  late 
*^  army,   and   men  defperate  of  purpofe  and 
"  in  fortune,  armed  fome  of  them  with  hal- 
"  herds  and  fwords,  others  with  fwords  and 
"  piftols,  demanding  to  be  delivered  to  him 
"  Mr.  Pym  and  other  members  of  the  Houfe, 
"  whom  he  accufed  of  high  treafon." 
Qrim  ^^-  Grimfton's  fpeech  was  not  only  very 

fton's        able,  ftriking    fkilfully  feveral    chords    which 
elicited  loud  and  vehement  refponfe,   but  it 
Its  fcope    cleared  the  ground  for  all  the  fubfequent  dif- 
and  value,  cuffions,  and   at  once  gave   to  the  refentment 
which  the  King's  ad  had  aroufed^  its  proper 
fhape     and     right     diredion.       Parliament, 


Parlia- 
ment. 


§  XXVII.     Reajfemhling  of  the  Commons.  273 

he  faidj  had  always  claimed  and  exercifed  Expofition 
power  and  jurlfdiftion  above  all  other  courts  power  of 
of  judicature  in  the  land;  its  wifdom  and 
policy  had  been  accounted  of  higher  import 
than  thofe  of  any  other  council  ;  and  all  orders 
in  the  State  had  been  brought  frankly  to  admit 
its  rights  and  privileges,  its  power  and  jurif- 
didlion,  its  free  continuance.  Whence  and 
wherefore  had  proceeded,  then,  the  interruption 
of  which  they  complained  ? 

The  anfwer  to  that  queftion  was  to  be  found  Why  fo 
bv  inquiry  into  what  circumftances  they  were  ^^^^"^^X. 

'   _     T-       ^    _  •'  predomi- 

which  had  given  fuch  "aweful  predominancy"  to  nant  ? 
the  very  name  of  a  Parliament  in  this  nation.  It 
was  becaufe  the  ordinances  and  ftatutes  of  that 
high  court  ftruck  with   terror  and  defpair  all 
fuch    evil-doers   as  were    malefadors  in   the  Becaufe  it 
State.     It  was  becaufe,  not  alone  the  meaneft  pu"'^^^ 

'  evil-doers: 

of  his  Majefty's  fubjeds,  but  the  greateft  per- 
fonages  of  the  kingdom,  were  in  danger,  if 
infringers  of  the  law,  to  be  called  in  queftion 
by  this  higheft  court,  and  to  be  by  it  punifhed. 
It  was,  on  the  other  hand,  becaufe  the  drooping 
fpirits  of  men,  groaning  under  the  burden  of  comforts 
tyrannical  oppreftion,  had  been  from  the  fame  *^^^  j". 
fource  enriched  and   comforted;  while  places 
and   offices  of   power,   both   in  Church  and 
State,  had  been  ftruck  out  of  the  hands  ofandftrlps 
the  wicked  and  the  unmerciful.     He  difcovered  *¥  7"^^^^^ 

of  place. 

the  explanation  to  be,  therefore,  that  the  aft 
of  which  they  complained  was  the  ad:  of  evil 


Parlia- 
ment. 


274  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 

The  late    counfellors  who  defired,  if  poflible,  to  break 

dufto^evil  °^  ^^^  diflblve  a  Parliament  which  had  de- 

counfel-     clared  its  intention  to  bring  all    incendiaries 

and  delinquents  in  the  State  to  condign  punifh- 

ment  for  their  crimes. 

OfFences        Then  Grimfton  pointed  diftindlly  to  fpecific 

charged,    offerees  given  by  members  of  that  Houfe,  at 

which  the  articles  of  treafon  had  been  diredled. 

He  declared  that  no  pretence  exifted  for  treafon- 

Conduain  able  charge  except  fuch  as  condud  in  the  Houfe 

itfelf  might  have  provoked.    In  reply  to  which, 

amid    ftern  expreflions  of  fympathy  from  all 

around  him,  the  member  for  Colchefter  claimed 

for  himfelf,   and  for  them  all,  the  inalienable 

Right  to    right,  within  the  walls  of  Parliament,  to  fpeak 

freely        freely,  without  interruption  or  contradidion, 

in  all  debates,  difputes,  or  arguments,  upon  any 

bufinefs  agitated  therein.      He  claimed  it  as  a 

Title  not   privilege  that  they  Ihould  not  be  queftioned  for 

votes  quef-  ^^^^  by  any  human  power.     Whether,  he  went 

tioned:      on  to  fay,  with  allulions  he  did  not  care  to  make 

lefs  open  and  undifguifed,  it  were  freely  to  give 

■whether     vote,  judgment,  or  fentence  upon  the  reading  of 

attainder    ^^7  ^iH  to  be  made  a  law,  or  upon  any  bill  either 

or  others:  of  attainder  or  other  charge  againft  delinquents 

and    perfons    criminous    to    the    State ;     or 

whether  it  were,  by  free  vote,  to  iffue  Protefta- 

orindraw- tion,  Remonjlrancey  OT  othtv  Declaration;  he 

moXan-  claimed  this  for  himfelf,  and  for  all,  as  thefolemn 

right  and  privilege  of  Parliament. 

Wherefore   his   conclufion    was,    that    for 


ces. 


§  XXVII.      Reajfembling  of  the  Commons^  275 

members  of  that  Houfe  to  be  accufed  of  any  Condu- 
crime,  or  to  be  impeached  for  treafon  by  any 
perfon  whatever,  during  the   continuance  of 
Parliament,    for    things    done    in    the   fame.  Members 
without  legal  accufation  and  profecution  by  the  ^'^^^^^^ 

t>  r  J  tor  con- 

whole  Houfe — and  further,  that  to  be  appre-  duft  in 

bended  or  arretted  upon  fuch  impeachment, 
or  to  have  ftudies   broken  open,  and   books  lodgings 
or  writings  feized  upon,  without  confent  and  ^^^  papers 
warrant  of  the  whole  Houfe — was   a   breach  ^^'^^^^  = 
of  the  privilege   and  right  belonging  to    the  a  breach 
power,  the  jurifdidlion,  and  the  continuance  of  ?  P"^^" 
the  High  Court  of  Parliament.    All  which,  he 
fubmitted,  it  was  in  the  higheft  degree  expedient 
explicitly  and  promptly  to  embody,  in  a  decla- 
ratory refolution  of  the  Commons  of  England. 

Grimfton  refumed  his  feat  amid  cries  of  ap-  Motion 
proval  which  his  folid  and  mafterly  expofition  cr^m- 
had  well  deferved,  and  preparation  was  there-  fton's 
upon  made  to  refer  it  to  a  Committee  to  draw 
up  the  neceflary  refolution.     This,  however, 
was  ftoutly  oppofed  by  feveral  of  the  Royalifts,  ?P??^^'^ 
headed  by  Hopton  of  the  Weft.     "  Sir  Ralph  tin.  ^^' 
"  Hopton  and  fome  five  or  fix  more,"  fays 
D'Ewes, "  excufed  his  Majefly's  coming  with  fo  Excufes 
"  extraordinary  a  number."    But  the  majority,  ^^  *^^ 
led  by  Glyn   the   member   for   Weflminfler, 
fleadily  carried  their    point  ;    and,    proceeds 
D'Ewes,  the  Houfe  "  nominated  Mr.  Glyn  and  Commit- 
"  fome  few  others  to  withdraw  into  the  Com-  pare  refo- 
"  mittee  Chamber,  and  to  draw  up  a  declaration  l"tion. 

T  2 


276  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

They  re-   <f  to  that  end  and  purpofe."     They  withdrew 

accordingly ;  and  then   rofe  the  member  for 

Hertfordfhire,  Sir  WilHam  Lytton,  to  Tuggeft 

do  noth-    that  no  other  bufinefs  ihould  be  taken  in  hand 

thfir're-    Until  their  return.     He  was  warmly  feconded 

turn.         jj^  ^i^jg .    gjj.  John  Clotworthy,  on  the  other 

hand,  pointing  out  the  urgency  of  Irifh  affairs, 

and  defiring  that  they  might  but  append  a  fhort 

refolution  to  fome  proportions  agreed  upon 

by  the  Irifh  Committee.     To  the  furprife  of 

not  a  few,  however,  and  of  D'Ewes  among 

them,   it   was   found  that  this  debate  might 

have  been   fpared ;    for,    in   the  midfl  of  it. 

They  re-   Glyn  and  his  friends  returned.      "  During  the 

turn  in  3. 

quarter  of  "  debate,"  fays  D'Ewes,   "  Mr.  Glyn  and  the 

an  hour :    cc  ^^^  ^j-jq  ^gj.g  commanded  to  withdraw  into 

'^  the    Committee    Chamber,     having    flayed 

'*  there   about    a  quarter  of    an   hour,    now 

with  a       '*  brought    down    a    long   Declaration    ready 

writt"n°"  "  penned,  which  was  doubtlefs  prepared  and 

before  we  "  ready    written   by    fome    members    of   the 

'^  Houfe    before    we    met    this    afternoon." 

D'Ewes  here  uneafily  refers  to  confultations  with 

Pym  and  the  refl  in  Coleman  Street,  to  which 

D'Ewes     he  had  not  been  invited ;  but  it  is  jufl  to 

confidence  ^im  to  flate,  that,  throughout  the  invaluable 

of  lead-     record  he  has  preferved  of  thefe  momentous 

crs  • 

fcenes,  from  which  details  are  here  taken 
hitherto  unknown,  not  even  diflantly  re- 
ferred to  in  the  Journals  of  the  Houfe,  and 
of  which  no  mention  is  made  in  Sir  Ralph 


§  XXVII.     ReaJJemhling  of  the  Commons.  277 

Verney's   or  any  other  memorial,  his  perfonal  but  his 
jealoufies    and    diflikes     have    fmall    weight  t^ft""^ 
againft  the  gravity  of  the  fa6ts  he  reveals.         worthy. 
He  thus  defcribes  the  Declaratory  Refolution  Glyn's 
brought    back    by    Glyn :    "It   contained    intoryRefo- 
fubftance  that  his   Majefty   had   yefterday  ^"^'o"- 
broken    the  privileges  of  this    Houfe,    by 
coming    hither    with    a    great    number    of 
armed  men,  and   ftriking  terror   into    the 
members.     And  though  we  could    not    fit 
here  in  fafety,  nor  properly  fall  upon  the 
agitation  or    handling  of   any  bufinefs  till 
we  had  vindicated  our  privileges,   yet  our 
care  to  uphold  this  commonwealth,  and  the 
confideration   of  the  miferable  condition  of 
Ireland,  had  induced  us  firft  to  adjourn  this  Propofcd 
Houfe  to  (and  fo  a  blank  was  left  for  the  f^'^j^J'^"" 
day),  and  to  appoint  a  Grand  Committee 
to  fit  at  the  Guildhall  in  London  at  3  of  Grand 
the  clock  this  afternoon,  to  confider  of  the  pommit- 

'  tee  to  lit  in 

means  of  our  fafety,  and  of  the  afilftance  the  City. 

of    Ireland,    and    to    authorize    the    feledt 

committee  of  Irifh  affairs  to  fit  when  and 

where  they  pleafed." 

This  having  been  read  by  the  Clerk,  a  warm  Warm  de- 
debate  arofe.     The  oppofition  was  led  by  Sir^^^'^^*  ^^^~ 
Ralph  Hopton,  who  declared  that  there  was 
no  precedent  for  what  therein  was  propofed  to 
be  done.     For  his  own  part,  he  thought  that  ^^^  ^^^P^ 

,  .  Hopton. 

many  excufes  might  be  urged  for  the  King's 
having  come  to  the  Houfe    with  fo  great  a 


zyZ  AfTeji  of  the  Five  Members. 

number,  and  fo  unufually  armed.     And  then  he 

pleaded  a  neceflity  which  the  King  himfelf  had 

created  (afluming  this  ftatement  of  it  to  be  true), 

to  juftify  the  outrage  he  afterwards  committed. 

Did  not     <c  Had   we    not  ourfelves  had  divers  of  our 

firft  provo-  "  fervants  lately  attending  in  the  lobby  without 

cation?      (c  ^}^g  doors  of  this  Houfe,  armed  alfo  in  an  un- 

"  ufual  manner,  with  carabines  and  piftols  ?  " 

He  begged  the  Houfe  to  remember,  too,  that 

And  how  the  fpeech  his  Majefty  made  on  the  occafion 

gracious    j-j^d  been  full  of  grace  and  goodnefs.   In  conclu- 

the  King  s  '-'  *-' 

fpeech  !     fion,  adds  D'Ewes,  **  he  did  not  think  we  could 

Oppofes     "  appoint  a  Grand  Committee  to  go  into  Lon- 

Commit-   fc  ^q^^  j^qj.  vv^ould  he  have  had  us  to  have  ad- 

adjourn-    "  joumcd  at  all."     Then  followed  fome  warm 

ment.        fpeaking  on  both  fides  ;  and  the  time  originally 

named  as  the  limit  for  the  fitting  of  the  Houfe, 

as  well  as  the  hour  for  afi^embling  elfewhere, 

had  foon  flipped  away.     In  the  end,  D'Ewes 

"Grand"  tells  US,  "  we  refolvcd  to  alter  it  from  a  Grand 

commit-    <c  Committee  to  a  Seled  Committee,  and  to 

tee  alter-  ' 

cdto"Se-  "  adjourn  the  fitting  of  this  Houfe  to  Tuefday 

left "  -'  .  °      .  ^ 

"  the  nth,  and  it  being  between  three  and 

*^  four  of  the  clock  we  did  alter  our  meeting 

Adjourn    "  this  afternoon  till    to-morrow  morning    at 

morrow     "  nine  of  the  clock."     Not,  however,  without 

^f  9  a  divifion.     Hopton  and  his  friends  obiedled 

o  clock,  11  1 

equally  to  the  Seled  Committee,  and  infilled 
upon  dividing.  *'  The  Speaker,"  D'Ewes 
continues,  "  put  the  quefliion  as  followeth  : 
"  As  many  as  are  of  opinion  that  a  Committee 


§  XXVII.     ReaJfembUng  of  the  Commons,  279 

' '  fhall  be  appointed  by  this   Houfe  to  fit  at  Divifion 

*'  Guildhall  in  London,  let  them  fay  Aye,  tOgo°nginto 

"  which  there  was  a  great  affirmative  :  and  to  ^^^y- 

"  the  negative,  a  lefs.      Next,  the  Speaker 

"  appointed   tellers   for   the  Ayes,  who  went 

"  out  (of  which  number  I  was),  Mr.  Arthur 

"  Goodwin  and  Mr.  Carew.     Their  number 

"  was  170.     And  for  the  Noes,  who  fat  ftill,  17°. 

"  he  appointed  tellers  Mr.   Kirton  and  Mr. 

*^  Herbert  Price,   and  the  number  was    86, 

*'  and  fo  it  was  carried  accordingly."* 

The  naming  of  the  Committee  then  took  Seleaion 
place.        "  And    thereupon,"    continues    the  commit- 
precife    Sir    Simonds,   "  Sir  John  Culpeper,  t^^- 
"  newly  made  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer, 
"  and  divers  others,  were  named  to  fit  a  com- 
*^  mittee  at  the  Guildhall  in  London  to-morrow 
"  morning  at   9  of  the    clock,    and  all  that 
"  would  come  were  to  have  voices  :  and  they  All  who 
"  were  to  confider  of  the  breach  of  the  Privilege  ^^^  *° 

voices. 
•  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  308  a.    In  little  more  than  a  fortnight 
(fee  ante  36,   37),    upon   the  impeachment  of  the  Duke  of  £)Jvifion 
Richmond  (for  his  famous  fally  in  the  Lords  upon  the  Militia  as  to  Duke 
Bill  being  brought  under  confideration,  when  he   broke  in  q{  RJch- 
upon  fundry  grave  fuggeftions  as  to  the  day  when  difcuflion  mond. 
ftiould  be  taken  thereon,  by  advifing  as  a  greatly  preferable 
courfe,   "  an  adjournment  for  fix  months  "),  the  King's  party 
muftered  in  larger  force,  but  the  popular  leaders  had  made 
correfponding  exertion.       The   numbers  then   were  223   led  223 
into  the  lobby  by  HoUis  and  Stapleton,  to  123  of  whom  the  againft 
counters  were  Culpeper  and   Herbert  Price.     From  a  fpeech  123. 
made  on  the  occafion  byD'Ewes,  wherein  he  thought  the  only 
excufe  that  could  poffibly  be  made  for  the  Duke  was  his  being 
"a  young  man,"  fome  light  may  be  thrown  on  the  argu- 
ment, ante  198,  drawn  from  his  applying  a  fimilar  epithet  to 
Strode.     The  Duke  of  Richmond  was  now  nine-and-twenty. 
—Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  356  b. 


28o  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

Its  duties.  "  of  Parliament  by  his  Majefty's  coming  yefter- 

*'  day,  with  other  particulars  mentioned  in  the 

"  before-recited  declaration."  The  Committee 

Comprifes  included,  befides  Falkland  and  Culpeper,  fome 

Royalifts.  ardent  Royalifts,  and  feveral  not  unfriendly  to 

the  King.     Among  thefe  fat  Herbert  Price, 

the  member  for  Brecon  ;  Sir  Richard  Cave,  who 

?nCoL     ^^^  ^°^  Lichfield;   Sir  Ralph  Hopton  himfelf; 

mittee.      Sir  John  and  Chriftopher  Wray,  the  members 

for    Lincolnfhire    and    Great     Grimfby ;     Sir 

Benjamin      Rudyard ;      the      members     for 

Cockerworth    and    Chippenham,     Sir    John 

Hippefley  and  Sir  Edward    Hungerford.     It 

comprifed,   on    the    other    hand,   Glyn  ;    Sir 

Philip  Stapleton ;  William  Pierrepoint   (Earl 

Kingfton's    fecond   fon,    who    fat    for    Great 

Wenlock),  and  Nathaniel  Fiennes  ;   Bulftrode 

Whitelock,     the    member   for  Marlow  ;     Sir 

Thomas  Walfingham,  who  fat  for  Rochefter  ; 

the  members  for  Weftbury  and  Ludgerfhall, 

Mr.    Wheeler    and    Mr.    Walter  Long ;    Sir 

John  Hotham;   Sir  Walter  Earle  ;  Sir  Robert 

Cooke,  who  fat  for  Tewkefbury  ;    Mr.  Grim- 

fton  and  Sir  Thomas  Barrington,  who  fat  for 

Colchefter ;     and    the    members  for  Devon- 

fhire  and  Hertfordfhire,  Sir  Samuel  Rolle  and 

Hyde,  St.  Sir   William  Lytton.     Hyde's  name  nowhere 

CromweH  appears  ;  neither  does  that  of  Oliver  St.  John, 

abfent       t^g  Solicitor-Gcncral  ;    and  it  is    ftill    more 

remarkable    that   Cromwell's   alfo   fhould   be 

abfent.     He  may   poffibly   have  had  prefting 


§  xxviii.     A  Judden  Tank.  281 

bufinefs  to  occupy  him  during  thefe  few  days, 
on  his  coufin  Hampden's  affairs  at  Great 
Hampden. 

LordLifle  (Lord  Leicefter's  eldeft  fon,  who  Motion  by 
fat  afterwards  on  the  trial  of  the  King),  now  Liflg. 
moved  that  the  Committee  fo  appointed  fhould 
have  power  to  iffue  out  fuch  money  as  might 
be  required  for  payment  of  the  troops  to  be 
fent  into  Ireland.  Another  refolution  connedled 
with  Irifh  affairs  was  alfo  adopted  on  the  fug-  Irifli 
geflion  of  Stapleton.     And  then  followed  a^  ^^^^' 
brief  but  fharp  debate,  raifed  upon  a  motion  by  sharp 
Nathaniel  Fiennes,  that   a  meffage  fhould  go  ^^^ 
up  to  the  Lords  to  let  them  know,  that,  ''  by  Fiennes. 
"  reafon  of  his  Majefty  coming  to  our  Houfe 
"  yeflerday  in  fuch  a  warlike  manner,  we  had 
"  adjourned  the  Houfe  till  Tuefday  next,  at  one 
"  of  the  clock,  and  that  we  had  in  the  meantime 
"  appointed  a  Seleft  Committee  to  fit  in  the  Meffage 
"  Guildhall  in  London,  to  which  all  the  mem-  '°  ^""'^^ 
"  bers  of  the  Houfe  who  would  come  were  to 
' '  have  voices,  to  confider  of  the  breach  of  the 
"  Privilege  of  Parliament  and  the  fafety  of  the 
'^  Kingdom."      The    debate    ended    in    the 
naming  of  Mr.  Fiennes  and   divers  others  to 
carry  up  this  meffage  accordingly.      But  the  4^brupt 
Houfe  arofe,  adds  D'Ewes,  before  he  returned,  Houfe. 
or  was  able  to  bring  any  anfwer. 

§  XXVIIL     A  SUDDEN  Panic. 
The    Houfe    fuddenly    arofe,    in    truth. 


282  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

becaufe  there  had  broken  out  a  fudden  alarm. 

Armed      It  was  abruptly  bruited  at  the  doors  that  a 

marching  body   of    armed    men  were   in   march  upon 

upon  us.     them,  and  a  panic  of  agitation  enfued.     Sir 

John    Clotworthy  was  in  the   adl:  of   urging 

certain  neceflary  refolutions  for  the  fervice  of 

Ireland,  connefted  with  the  fupply  of  men  and 

arms,  when  fhouts  of  "  Move,  move,"  and 

"Adjourn,"  interrupted  him;  and  though  the 

Sir  John    imperturbable  member  for  Maiden  would  per- 

thy  per-"   ^^  i'^  having  what  he  wanted,  the  votes  were 

fifts  with    put   without  the   ufual  forms.       "All  were 

relolu-        ^ 

tions.  "  allowed,"  fays  D'Ewes,  "  and  voted  by  the 
Voted  "  Houfe,  but  in  fuch  hafte  as  they  would  not 
being"  "  permit  the  Clerk  to  read  them."  Then,  in 
read.  the  like  precipitate  fafhion,  adjournment  until 
the  following  Tuefday  at  one  o'clock  wasrefolved 
upon  the  queftion.  Mr.  Speaker  ordered  the 
Diforderly  adjournment  accordingly  ;  and   the  Houfe  rofe 

adjourn-      .    ^  _  o  /  ' 

ment,       in  extreme  diforder  "  at  about  four  of  the 

4P-m-       fc  clock  in  the  afternoon." 

D'Ewes  appends  to  the  day's  journal  an  ex- 
planation, from  which  it  might  feem  that  the 
fudden  fright  had  not  been  wholly  groundlefs. 

Reafons     "  For,"  he  fays,  "  we  had  new  alarums  given 

fright.  "  us  of  the  coming  down  of  armed  perfons 
"  upon  us :  and  it  was  generally  reported  alfo, 
"  that  his  Majefty  had  intended  to  have  come 
"  down  to  both  the  Houfes  this  afternoon, 
"  again  attended  with  thedefperate  troop  with 
"  which   he    came   yefterday,     and    to   have 


^  XXVIII.     A  Judden  Panic.  283 

*'  accufed  fome  other  members,  both  of  our  other 
*'  Houfe  and  of  the  Lords  Houfe,  of  Treafon,  ^^^  ^c- 
"  and  to  have  feized  upon  their  perfons  :  but^^^^d^"'! 
"  that,  going  into  the    City  of  London  this 
*^  morning,  he  was  there  fo  roundly  and  plainly  city  only 
"  dealt   withal    by  people  of  all    forts,  who  ^'^^  PJ^r 
"  called  upon  him  to  maintain  the  privilege  of 
"  Parliament ;  to    follow    the  advice    of   his 
'^  Great  Counfellin  Parliament,  without  which 
"  they  were  all  undone"  (D'Ewes  here  appears 
to  be  repeating  the  expreflions  of  fome  excited 
friend  rather  than  quietly  recording  his  own) 
— *'  and  that  their  blood  would  cry  to  Heaven 
'^  for  juftice — and  that  they  would  with  their 
"  lives  and  fortunes  maintain  the  fafety  of  his  Alarm  of 
"  Majefty's  perfon,  and  the  fafety  and  Privi-    ^    '"^' 
"  lege  of  Parliament ;  fome  alfo  throwing  the 
"  printed  Proteftation  of  the  Houfe  of  Com- 
"  mons  into   his  coach  as  he  went  along ;  as 
"  that  he  both  returned  late  out  of  the  City,  change  ot 
"  and  altered,  it  feems,his  former  refolution."*  purpose. 
It  is  now  of  courfe  not  difficult  to  make  Refults 
light  of  thefe  alarms,  and  to  fmile  at  their  not  jantary. 
very  coherent  expreflion  ;  but  we  may  be  fure 
that  they  were  then  very  real.     It  was  of  the 
very  eflence  of  the  King's    attempt  that    it 
fhould   carry   fuch   confequences.     Whatever 
diftruft  or  doubt  had  been  in  any  diredlion  en-  Darkeft 
tertained  of  the  Sovereign,  It  confirmed.     To  [h^rfi" 
the  rumours  which  had  mixed  him  up  with  true. 

*  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  308  b. 


284  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

Scottifh      very  recent  and  as   defperate  defigns  in  Scot- 
den"^''"      ^^''^^  againft  the  leaders  of  the  Covenant,*  to 

*  In  alluding  to  this  tranfa£tion  in  my  Eflay  on  the  Grand 
Offer  of  Remonftrance  (Hift.  and  Biog.  EJays),  and  to  the  ftatement  by 
Montrofe  clarendon  (Hijh  ii.  17),  that  Montrofe  had  "  frankly"  fug- 
to  kill  Ar-  gefted  to  the  King  the  alfaffination  of  Argyle  and  Hamilton,  I 
gyle  and  ought  perhaps  to  have  mentioned  a  highly  elaborate  argument 
Hamilton,  j^  Mr.  Napier's  Life  of  Montrofe  (ii.  78-109),  thedrift  of  which 
Mr  Na-  '^  ^^^  merely  to  defend  Montrofe  from  having  made  the  offer, 
pier's  ^"'  *°  endeavour  to  eftablifh  that  Clarendon's  affertion  that  he 

difproof      ^^'^  done  fo  was  not  originally  intended  to  ftand  as  part  of  his 
quite  ie^t,  and  in  fa6l  only  ul'urps  the  place  of  a  fupprefled  paffage 

untenable   '^^^^•^''^'l  ^^  oneof  the  Appendices  of  the  edition  of  1826.  Upon 
*  the  former  part  of  this  argument  I  offer  here  no  opinion  ; 
but  upon    the  latter    I  have   fimply    to  lay   that    it    breaks 
down   altogether.     It  is  not   for  a  moment   tenable.     The 
The  text    ^^^^  °^  Clarendon   mull  always  now   continue    in  the  ftate 
of  Claren-  wh^^'^iii   he   left   it    himfelf  after   his   laft   revifion,    clearly 
don  copied  out  by  his  fecretary  for  publication  or  fuppreffion, 

according  to  certain  dire6lions  in  his  will ;  and  the  chief 
Chief  value  of  the  edition  of  1826  will  always  be,  that  it  enabled 

value  of      us  for  the  firft  time  to  read  it  in  that  ftate.     The  confufion 
Edition        which  exifts  as  to   the  feveral  MSS.  left  by  him,  and  from 
of  1826.      which  that  important  collation  was  made,  arifes  from  the  faft 
that  feveral  years  after  he  had  planned  his  Hiftory  and  written 
the  firft  four  books,  he  refolved  to  recaft  the  plan  fo  as  to 
admit  therein  of  all  the  incidents  of  his  own  Life.     He  there- 
Difclofed    upon  began  an  Autobiography  ;  but  after  purfuing  it  for  fome 
Author's    time,  he  threw  it  afide,  and  reverted  to  his  defign  of  a  Hiftory, 
plans  and    making  great  additions  to  that  which  already  he  had  written, 
text.  and  completing  It  in  1673.     His  final  talk  then  was,  to  form, 

from  the  two  MSS.  thus  drawn  up  (the  Life  having  gone  over, 
Hiftory  in  a  more  ftriking  way,  much  of  the  ground  of  the  firft  four 
compofed  books  of  the  Hiftory),  a  third  text,  by  taking  the  MS.  of  the 
of  two  Hiftory  for  the  bafis,  and  Importing  into  it  all  the  material 
MSS.  portions  and  corrections  of  the  MS.  of  the  Life.     The  refult 

was  a  fair  tranfcript  made  by  his  Secretary  under  thefe  in- 
c  J.  ,,  ftru6lions,  which  was  found  completed  at  his  own  death,  in 
tranf  ■  f-^  December  1674.  Afterwards  came  the  publication,  mainly 
'P  ■  from  a  copy  of  this  tranfcript,  by  his  fons  :  with  the  modifica- 
tions, alterations,  and  omiffions,  which,  in  exercife  of  the 
Altered  difcretion  left  to  them  by  their  father,  they  had  made  to 
and  cor-  pleafe  their  political  friends,  or  out  of  delicacy  to  perfons  ftlll 
rupted  by  living;  and  which  fo  remained  until  1826.  The  edition  pub- 
author's  lllhed  that  year  was  the  refult  of  an  entirely  new  collation  of 
fons.  the  three  MSS.  above  named  :   i.  The  original  MS.  of  Hiftory: 

2.  The  original  MS.  of  Life  :  3.  The  Tranfcript  conftru6ted 


§  XXVIII.     A  Judden  Panic.  285 

even  thofe  which  had  pointed  to   him   as   not  iriih 
unconnefted  with  the  awful  outbreak  in  Ireland,  ''^''^^''O"  • 


out  of  both.     The  Editors,  lettering  the  Tranfcript  as  A,  the 
Life  as  B,  and  the  Hiftory  as  C,  collated  the  whole  afrefh  ;  Reftora- 
reftored  in  Notes  every  word,  fentence,  and  paflage  omitted  tions. 
or  inany  manner  altered  in  A  ;  and,  in  a  feries  of  Appendices, 
fupplied  (reforting  for  the  purpofe  to  B  and  C),  in  addition 
to  all  that  the  author's  fons  had  rejefted,  ftill  more  which  the 
author  himfelf  had  already  deliberately  excluded  from  the  Scaffold- 
Tranfcript  made  under  his  inftructions.  We  are  thus  enabled  j^gg  ^f 
to  compare   particular  ftatements  made  by  Clarendon  in  his  Hiftory. 
firft  draft  of  the  Hiftory,  with  accounts  of  the  fame  incidents 
manifeftly  more  authentic,  and  better  confidered,  which  he 
had  fubfequently  inferted  in  the  Life,  and  had  finally  direfted  ^^^^^  ^"d 
to  be  fubftituted  for  the  former  in  his  Secretary's  Tranfcript.  ^^^'i^r 
The  reader  will  at  once  perceive  what  I  mean,  if,  to  feleft  jeriions  ot 
only  one  or  two  out  of  very  numerous  inftances,  he  makes  '^"^^ 
comparifon  of  Appendix  i.  536  (MS.  C.)  with  i.  416  (MS.B.);  events. 
or  of  ii.  61 — 2,  note  (MS.  C),  with  ii.  44 — 49  (MS.  B.)  j  or 
of  Appendix  ii.  575 — 9  (MS.  C),  with  ii.  13 — 19  (MS.  B). 
The  latter  of  thefe  inftances  is  that  under  notice  refpefting 
Montrofe  ;   and  it  does  not  admit  of  the  remoteft  doubt  that  TheMon- 
the  account  in  the  Appendix,  taken  from  the  firft  four  books  trofe 
of  the  Hiftory,  written  before  1648,  and  afterwards  rejefted,  charge 
was  meant  by  Clarendon  to  be  entirely  fuperfeded  by  the  the  later 
account  in  the  Life,  written  many  years  later,  and,  by  his  own  verfion. 
direftionto  his  Secretary,  placed  in  the  final  Tranfcript,  where 
it  has  ftood  ever  fince,  and  muft  continue  to  ftand.     Even  Intended 
apart  from  the  other  irrefiftible  evidence,  the  context  fo  conclu-  fo  to  ftand, 
fively  (hows  this,  that  but  for  Mr.  Napier's  extraordinary  fup- 
pofition  to  the  contrary,  fuggefted  by  zeal  for  his  hero,  and 
maintained  with  an  air  that  impofes  on  readers  fuperficially  in- 
formed, the  details  I  have  entered  into  would  fcarcely  have  been 
called  for.  It  is  fimply  ridiculous  to  pretend  that  the  paflage  Impoflible 
complained  of,  and  (be  it  true  or  falfe)  undoubtedly  left  by  not  to 
Clarendon,  in  the  final  difpofition  of  his  papers,  to  ftand  where  print  it: 
it  now  does,  could  by  pofTibility  have  fallen  into  that  place  by 
accident.     Lords  Clarendon  and  Rochefter  had  no  alternative 
but  to  print  it;  and  with  what  reluctance  they  did  fo  is  proved  reluft- 
by  what  we  now  know  of  their  fubftitution,  for"  to  kill  them  ance  of 
*'  both,"  of  the  words   "  to  have  them  both  made  away."  firft  Edi- 
The  point,  however,  was  well  worth  clearing,  becaufe  all  the  tors, 
illuftrative  matter  in  the  1826  edition  requires  to  be  read  with 
careful  reference  to  the  faft  that  the  author  had  deliberately 
and  defignedly  excluded  the  greater  part  of  it  from  his  com- 
pleted text  (an  inftance  may  be  referred  to,  ante,  p.  215,  note) ;  Additions 
and  it  is  exceedingly  important,  in  reading  Clarendon,  to  keep  jj^  1826 


286 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 


and  Army  It  fecmed  to  give  deadly  corroboration.      It 

P°*'         put  undoubtedly  beyond  further  queftion  what 

the  popular  leaders  had  all  along  maintained, 

that  the  defign,  clearly  proved,  of  bringing  up 

the  army  from   the   North,   had  had  for  its 

King's      fpecific  objedl  to   overawe  themfelves  and  fuf- 

Jhlrefn'^    pend   the   adion  of  Parliament.       Clarendon 

fpeaks  as  if  the  failure  of  the  Arreft  fufficed  to 

fhow  its  futility,  and  there  an  end.     But  he 


not  to  be 
confufed 
with  re- 
ftorations. 


Two 
kinds : 


weight  re- 
fpeiSlively 
due  to 
each. 


Charge 
deliberate- 
ly intend- 
ed. 


The  King 
its  autho- 
rity. 

Why 
iirft  ver- 
fion  of  it 
changed. 


the  diftinftion  always  in  view  between  that  defcriptlon  of"  new 
matter  fupplied  in  the  1826  edition,  and  the  more  effential 
reftorations  reconftituting  the  original  text,  which  had  been 
corrupted  and  falfified  in  innumerable  inftances  by  his  fons, 
Lords  Clarendon  and  Rochefter,  in  preparing  the  firft  edition. 
The  portions  firft  printed  in  Notes  and  Appendices  in  1826  are 
of  two  kinds :  i.  The  reftoration  of  the  text  to  the  condition 
in  which  Clarendon  himlelf  had  left  it,  by  reftoring  fuppreffed 
paflages,  and  replacing  modified  or  altered  phrafes  and  fen- 
tences  :  ii.  The  additional  illuftration  of  the  text  by  fupplying 
further  notices  or  amplifications  of  fpecial  incidents  treated 
therein,  from  the  two  manufcripts,  B  and  C,  which  I  have 
above  defcribed  :  and  the  degree  of  authority  given  to  either 
fhould  be  regulated  according  to  the  fafts  here  fupplied. 
I  clofe,  as  I  began,  by  ftating  moft  expreffly  that,  according 
to  all  the  evidence  we  poffefs,  it  muft  have  been,  and  was, 
the  deliberate  intention  of  Clarendon,  upon  reviewing  all 
the  materials  he  had  collefted,  to  convey  to  the  readers  of 
his  Hiftory,  as  his  own  final  impreffion,  that  Montrofe  had 
"  frankly"  propofed  to  the  King  the  aflaflination  of  Argyle 
and  Hamilton.  Upon  the  probability  or  otherwife  of  fuch 
an  offer  having  been  made,  it  is  not  neceffary  that  I  fliould 
here  give  an  opinion  ;  but  it  is  impoffible  to  read  the  text 
in  connexion  with  the  Appendix  (of  which,  taken  together, 
it  is  important  to  remark,  as  Mr.  D'Ifraeli  in  his  Commen- 
taries, ii.  242-52,  ed.  iS$5i,  has  pointed  out,  that  they  are 
not  in  any  refpeft  irreconcileable),  without  an  inference, 
amounting  almoft  to  certainty,  that  the  King  himfelf  was 
Clarendon's  informant.  And  the  explanation  of  the  two 
accounts  may  probably  be,  that,  writing  while  Charles  ftill 
lived.  Clarendon  preferred  to  exprefs  the  matter  in  paraphrafe ; 
but  that,  writing  of  the  incident  at  a  later  time,  after  the 
king's  death,  he  had  no  hefitation  in  putting  it,  as  he  fays 
Montrofe  did  the  propofal,  **  frankly." 


§  XXVIII.     A  Judden  Panic.  287 

well  knew  that  this  was  not  fo ;  and  that  it 
was  lefs  the  firft  excitement  attending  fo  ftart-  confe- 
ling  an  attempt  wherein  its  troubles  and  danger  quences  of 
confifted,  than  in  its  fubfequent  more  enduring  worfe  than 
efFedl  upon  men's  modes  and  ways  of  regard-  '*^^^^' 
ing  public  affairs.    He  unconfcioufly  admits  as 
much  in  another  pafTage  of  his  Hiftory,  when  he 
remarks  that  everything  formerly  faid  of  plots  Belief  ob- 
and  confpiracies  againft  the  Parliament,  which  g^roffeft  °^ 
before  had  been  laughed  at,  was  now  thought  charges. 
true  and  real ;  and  that  all  which   before  was 
merely  whifpered  of  Ireland,  was  now  talked 
aloud  and  printed. 

The  various  letters  of  the  time  are  filled 
with  fimilar  indications.    "  All  things  are  now  Captain 
«  in  foe  great  diftradion  heare,"  wrote  Cap-  ^ars!''"' 
tain  Carterett  on  the  day  after  this  fitting  of 
the   Houfe,   "  that   there  is  noe  thinking  of 
"  doeing  anything ;  but  every-body  are  pro- 
"  viding  after  their  owne  fafetie  as  if  every- 
'*  thing    were   inclainable   to    ruine."      "  By 
"  the  next  poft,*'  writes  Mr.  Wifeman,   "you  y,  .^..^ 
"  may   expe6t    to   heare  of    greate    changes  man's. 
''  either  for  the  better  or  worfe.     The  times 
"  are  dangerous  to  difcourfe  what   I  might. 
"  Only  if  God,  in  his  greate  mercie,  doe  not 
"  fpeedely  looke  upon   us,  wee   are   like  to 
"  perifh.     The  obedience  of  his  Ma^'^^*  fubjeds  obedience 
«  hath  been  poifoned."      The   incidents   of  P°^^°"'^* 
the  3rd  and  4th  of  January,  in  fiiort,  had 
drawn  up  into  hofliile  forces  two  powers  in  the 


288 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


Specific 
caufes  of 
alarm. 


Powers  of  State   v/hofe    agreement   was    effential   to   its 

in  conflia.  Welfare,  but  which  never  more  could  aft  in 
concert  or  unifon  till  the  ftruggle  between 
them  was  over,  and  aviftory  won.  This  was 
a  fad:  pregnant  with  general  alarm  for  all  men, 
and  mod  for  the  thoughtful  and  refleding. 

Neither  were  reafons  wanting  for  fpecific  and 
well-grounded  alarm  as  to  the  adual  perfonal 
fafety  of  the  accufed  and  other  members  of 
both  Houfes.  From  the  very  writer  who 
laughs  to  fcorn  the  notion  that  there  was  any 
fort  of  danger,  we  may  learn  what,  and  how  great, 
the  danger  was.  It  is  Clarendon,  as  we  have 
feen,  who  relates  the  plan  by  which  his  friend 
Lord  Digby,  according  to  him  the  fole  advifer 
of  the  attempt,  propofed  to  redeem  its  failure 

members,  by  feizing  himfelf  upon  the  accufed,  backed  by 
fufficient  numbers  to  render  it  certain  that  they 
miuft  either  be  taken  or  left  dead  in  the  place. 
It  is  Clarendon  who  fays,  that,  if  the  King  had 
not  withheld  his  confent,  without  doubt  Lord 

withholds  Digby  would  have  done  it.  It  is  Clarendon 
who  drily  remarks  upon  that  prefumed  fuccefs 
to  a  plan  fo  atrocious,  that  it  "  muft  have  had 
"  a  wonderful  effedl."     Above  all  it  is  Claren- 

Claren-     don  who,  by   way  of   pradical  proof  of   his 

plan.  affertion  that  no  perfonal  danger  could  pofTibly 
have  befallen  the  accufed,  adually  puts  forward 

To  feize    ^  p]^^!  of  his  own  bv  which,  taking  good  care 

and  throw      ^  ,,,  r  ii 

them  into  nrft  to  lecure  and  lock  up  feparately  the  per- 
p?fons?     ^^"^^  ^^  ^^  ^^^  leaders,  he  fancies  that  fuch 


Digby's 
plan  for 
fecuring 


King 

withh( 

confent. 


§  XXIX.     How  Hifiory  may  he  written.  289 

a  blow  might  have  been  flruck  at  what  he 
calls  "  the  high  fpirit  of  both  Houfes  "  that 
Charles  might  have  reduced  them  to  treat,  and 
fo  have  forced  them  to  his  own  terms.* 


§  XXIX.     How  History  may  be 

WRITTEN. 

The  aflertion  that  the  Five  Members  were 
at  no  time  in  any  perfonal  danger,  admits  but 
of  one  comment.    It  is  not  true.    Concluflve  FaithlefT- 
proof  has   been   given,  in  a   former   work,f  ciaren- 
of  the    faithleflnefs  and  untruftworthinefs  of^""' 
Clarendon  as  any  fafe  guide  to  a  knowledge  unfafe 
of  the  events  for  which  Hume  accepted  him  guide. 
as  the  fole    and    implicit    authority,    and   in 
which  his  lead  has  been  more  or  lefs  followed 
by  every  later  hiftorian.     But  if  further  fimilar 
evidence  be  defired,  let  me  fupply  it  by  fimple 
comparifon  of  his  account  of  the  fitting  of  the  Compari- 
Houfe  of  Commons  of  Wednefday  the  5th  of  ^?j,'^^'^. 
January,  with  that  which  I  have  above  derived 
from  the  manufcript  of  Sir  Simonds  D'Ewes, 
and  from  other  contemporary  fources.     Until 
now.  Clarendon's  was  the  only   account  pre- 
ferved  to  us  of  that  fitting,  except  a  memo- 
randum of  eight  lines  by  Sir   Ralph  Verney,  vemey 
and  another  by  Rufh worth  of  exadly  the  fame  ^"'^.f"'^" 

*  See  ante,  pp.  143,  149,  and  153,  where  the  authorities 
are  given  <or  thefe  various  aflertions. 

t  Eflay  on  the  Grand  Remonftrance.     See  Hift.  and  Biog.    . 
Efajs,  i.  1-175. 

V 


290  Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

extent.*     The  record  by  D'Ewes  was  made  on 

the  day  to  which  it  refers  ;   it  is  confirmed  by 

Verney's  and  by  Rufhworth's  notes  ;   and  its 

veracioufnefs  is  beyond  queftion. 

Statement       "  When  the  Houfe  of  Commons  next  met," 

don.  ^"^^"'fays  Clarendon  in  his  Hiftory,t  **  none  of  the 

"  accufed  members  appearing,  they  had  friends 

Alleged     "  enough,  who  were  well  inftru6led  to  aggravate 

members'   '^  the  late  proceedings,  and  to  put  the  Houfe 

friends.      <c  Jj^^q  g^  thoufand  jealoufies  and  apprehenfions, 

."  and  every  flight  circumftance  carried  weight 

Verney's         *  Sir  Ralph  Verney  fays  :   "  Wednefday,  5th  Jan''.  1641. 

account  of  "  The  Houfe  ordered  a  Comittee  to  fit  at  Guildhall  in  London, 

fittlni'-  of    "  and  all  that  would  come  had  voyces.     This  was  to  confider 

5th.  *'  and  advife  how  to   right  the  Houfe  in  point  of  privilege, 

"  broken   by  the   King's  coming  yealterday,  with  a  force,  to 

"  take  members  out  of  our  Houfe.     They  alowed  the  Iri(h 

*'  Comittees  to  fit,  but  would  meddle  with  noe  other  bufineffe 

"  till  this  were    ended.     They  acquainted    the  Lords  in  a 

"  meflage  with  what  they  had  donn,  and  then  they   adjorned 

"the  Houfe  till  Tuefday  next."     (Verney's  A^of^/,  139-40). 

Rufh-  Rufhworth  fays  (part  III.  vol.   i.  478-9):  "The  Commons 

worth's        "  ^snt  M''-  Fiennes  with  a  meflage  to  the  Lords  to  give  them 

account.      "  notice    of  the    King's    coming    yelterday,    &   that   they 

"conceived    it  a  high   &  great   breach  of  privilege :  &   to 

"  repeat  their  defires  that   their  LoP"*  would  join  them  in  a 

"  petition  to  the  King  that  the  Parliament  may  have  a  Guard 

"  to  fecure  them  as  fliall  be  approved  of  by  his  Majefly,  and 

"  both  Houfes;  and  alfo  to  let  them  know,  that  they  have 

"  appointed  a  Committee  to  fit  at   Guildhall  London,  and 

"  have  alfo  appointed  the  Committee  for  Irifli  affairs  to  meet 

"  there."     Then  he  quotes  the  order  pafled  for  adjournment 

Adjourn-    to  the  City,  on  the   ground  "they  cannot  with  the  fafety  of 

ment  to       "  their  own  perlbns,  or  indemnity  of  the  rights  &  Privileges 

City.  "  of  Parliament,  fit  here  any  longer  without  a  full  vindication 

"  of  fo  high  a  breach,  &  fufficient  Guard  wherein  they  may 

"  confide  :  "    to   which,    after  appending  the    names    of  the 

Committee,  and  that  all  who  will  come  are  to  have  voices,  he 

adds  :  "  and  then  the  Houle  adjourned  till  Tuefday  the  i  ith 

"  of  January  at  one  in  y*  afternoon,  according  to  the  faid 

"  Order." 

t  Hijl.  ii.  132,  133. 


§  XXIX.     Hgw  Hijiory  may  be  written.  291 

"  enough  in  it  to  difturb  their  minds.   .   .   . 
^'  They    who    fpake    moft    paflionately,   and 
"  probably    meant    as    malicioufly,    behaved 
"  themfelves  with  modefty,  and  feemed  only 
"  concerned  in  what  concerned  them  all :   and 
"  concluded,  after  many  lamentations,  that  they  Affeaed 
**  did  not  think  themfelves  fafe  in  that  Houfe,  griefs. 
*'  till  the  minds  of  men  were  better  compofed  ; 
"  that  the  City  was  full  of  apprehenfions,  and 
"  was  very  zealous    for    their  fecurity ;    and 
*'  therefore  wifhed  that  they  might  adjourn  the  Propofal 
"  Parliament  to  meet  in  fome  place  in  the  City,  pariii-"'^" 
**  But   that  was  found  not  pradli cable  \  fince  "^^^^t. 
"  it  was  not  in  their  own  power  to  do  it,  with- 
"  out  the  confent  of  the  Peers  and  the  concur- 
"  rence  of   the  King  *    who  were  both  like  King's 
"  rather  to  choofe  a  place  more  diftant  from  parUa-^^ 
"  the  City.    And,  with  more  reafon,  in  the  end  "^^"' 
"  they    concluded,    that    the    Houfe    fhould  London. 
^*  adjourn  itfelf  for    two  or  three  days,   and 
"  name    a    committee  who    fhould    fit   both  Appoint- 
"  morning  and    afternoon  in  the  City  ;    and  conrait- 
"  all  who  came  to  have    voices:    and  Mer- ^ee. 
*'  chant  Tailors'  Hall  was  appointed   for  the 
*'  place   of    their    meeting,   they  who    ferved 
''  for  London  undertaking  that  it  fhould  be 
"  ready  againft  the  next  morning:    no  man 
'*  oppofing  or  contradi6ting  anything  that  was 
«'  faid  ;  they  who  formerly  ufed  to  appear  for  Royalifts 
<*  all  the  rights  and  authority  which  belonged  ^      * 
<'  to  the    King,   not   knowing  what  to   fay, 

t;  2 


19^ 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


Three 
Kind's 
adviiers ; 


too  de- 
jefted  to 
fpeak. 

Claren- 
don's ac- 
count 
fummed 
up. 


Five  fpeci- 
fic  ftate- 
ments,  all 
untrue. 


Confront- 
ed with 
D'Ewes, 
Verney, 
and  Rufli- 
worth. 


*'  between  grief  and  anger  that  the  violent 
"  party  had,  by  thefe  late  unfkilful  adions 
"  of  the  Court,  gotten  great  advantage,  and 
^^  recovered  new  fpirits  :  and  the  three  perfons 
"before  named"  (himfelf,  Culpeper,  and 
Falkland),  "without  whofe  privity  the  King 
"  had  promifed  that  he  would  enter  upon  no 
"  new  counfel,  were  fo  much  difpleafed  and 
"  dejeded,  that  they  were  inclined  never  more 
"  to  take  upon  them  the  care  of  anything  to 
"  be  tranfafted  In  the  Houfe." 

This  account  contains  five  alleged  fadls. 
I.  That  the  popular  party  went  down  to 
the  Houfe  with  a  propofal  for  the  adjourn- 
ment of  Parliament.  2.  That  the  propofal 
fubftltuted  was  an  adjournment  of  the  Houfe 
itfelf  for  two  or  three  days.  3.  That  Mer- 
chant Tailors'  Hall  was  appointed  as  the  place 
of  meeting  for  a  Committee  named  to  fit  in 
the  interval,  the  members  for  London  under- 
taking to  have  it  ready  the  next  morning. 
4.  That  no  man  belonging  to  the  King's 
party  oppofed  or  contradlded  anything  that 
was  fald.  5.  That  Hyde,  Culpeper,  and  Falk- 
land, were  too  much  difpleafed  and  dejedted 
to  fhow  any  prefent  inclination  to  take  upon 
them  the  care  of  anything  to  be  tranfaded  in 
the  Houfe. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  account  preferved  by 
D'Ewes,  and  confirmed  in  every  refpedt  by 
the  brief  notes  of  Verney  and  Ruih worth,  as 


§  XXIX.     How  Hijiory  may  he  written.  293 

well  as  by  the  unpublifhed  contemporary  let- 
ters here  adduced,  furnlfhes  a  counterftatement 
to  every  one  of  thefe  averments,      i.  There  Never  pro- 
never  was  mooted  fo  abfurd  a  propofition  as  Adjourn 
to  adjourn  Parliament.    The  courfe  had  doubt-  Parlia- 
lefs  been  concerted,  as  D'Ewes  fomewhat  pet- 
tifhly  intimates,  with  the  abfent  leaders;  and 
the  Declaratory  Refolution  was  propofed  and 
carried,    as,    prepared   and    ready   written,   it 
had  been  brought    to   the   Houfe.      1.  The  Limit  of 
limit  of   adjournment  was    at  once  diftindlly  city  fped- 
fpecified  as  Tuefday    the   nth  January,   and  ^^''• 
it  will  be  feen  hereafter  that  the  hiftorian  was 
not    without   a    motive    in    fubftituting    the 
loofe  and  undetermined  ''two  or  three  days." 
3.  Guildhall    was  from  the    firft  named  and 
appointed,  and  not  Merchant  Tailors'  Hall,  Merchant 

I'll  r  n-  r  •         Tailors 

as  to  which,  therefore,  the  queftion  of  gettmg  Hall  not 
it   ready   could    hardly    have    arifen.      4.  So  "^™^°- 
far   from    no    man    belonging  to  the  King's 
party  contradicting  or  oppofing  anything  that 
was  faid.  Sir  Ralph  Hopton  (the  King's  fervant,  Royalifts 
as    Rufhworth  calls  him)  contradidled  every- "° 
thing  that  was  faid  without  fcruple ;  and  the 
oppofition  was  fo  determined  that  the  Royalifts 
divided  87  againft  the  propofal  of  Glyn,  which 
was  four  more  than  the  divifton  of  the  15th  of 
December  againft  the  printing  of  the  Remon- 
ftrance.      5.   Hyde  undoubtedly  took  no  part^  and^Fafk- 
and   was  probably   not   in   the    Houfe ;     but  ^^"d  on 
Culpeper  and  Falkland   were  named   for  the  tee. 


294  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

Committee  to  fit  during  the  recefs,  and  ferved 
upon  it. 

§  XXX,     Adjournment  and  Suspense. 
Matter-  The  adjournment  into  the    City    was  un- 

meeting     doubtedly  a  mafter    ftroke    of   poHcy.      The 
in  the        ^Q^   Qf    violence    committed,    the    continued 
prefence  of  the  Court  of  Guard  at  Whitehall, 
the  refufal  of  its  officers  to  difband  upon   a 
Neceflity    meffage  fent  fpecially  from  the  Commons  on 
inAveft-'  ^^  morning  of  the  5th,  the  petition  to  the 
minfter      King  for  a  Guard  ftill  uncomplied  with,  were 
all    manifefb    and    unanfwerable    grounds   for 
fufpending  temporarily   the  fittings  at  Wefl- 
minfler.     But  the  Houfe  could  not  afford  that 
its  vifible  adlion  and  influence  fhould  be  with- 
drawn, even  for  an  hour  ;  and  to  fit  by  Com- 
mittee in  Guildhall,  was  not  merely  to  make 
inflant  appeal,  in  the  leaft  refiflible  form,  to 
Policy  of  the  fympathy  and  fupport  of  the  Citizens,  but 
appealing  ^^  ^^^^  ^^  ^^^  -^^  ^^  fortuncs  of  the  Houfe 

to  Citizen?. 

with  the  fate  of  the  five  accufed,  who  had 
taken  refuge  in  a  houfe  in  Coleman  Street. 
Clarendon  laughs  at  the  notion  of  any  member 
of  the  Commons  conceiving  for  a  moment 
Alleged     ^^Jt  his  accufed  colleagues  were  in  the  leafl 

ablence  or  ° 

clanger,  danger.  Not  that  the  Five  durft  not,  he  avers, 
venture  themfelves  at  their  old  lodgings,  for 
no  man  would  have  prefumed  to  trouble  them  ; 
but  that  the  City  might  fee  that  they  relied 
upon  that  place  for  a  fanduary  of  their  privi- 


^  XXX.     Adjournment  and  Siifpenfe.  295 

leges  againft  violence    and  oppreffion.*     He  Fears  pre- 
fays,  as  in  a  paflage  formerly  quoted  we  have  ^^"°^^  '• 
feen,  that  all   caufe    for   apprehenfion    ceafed 
upon  the  failure  of  the  outrage  of  the  4th  ; 
and  that  nothing  could  equal  the  contempt  the 
accufed  themfelves  felt  for  the  power,  of  which 
they    yet   affeded    to    put  on  a  confiderable 
fliow  of  dread.     This    laft  was    merely    "  to  to  get 
'*  keep  up  the  apprehenfion  of  danger  and  the  u^^j.][°"^^ 
*^  efteem  of  their  darling  the  City."f     But  let  City, 
us  obferve   what   tone,    on    the    other    hand, 
is  taken  by  Admiral    Pennington's   well    in- 
formed correfpondents ;    men  not  alone    inti-  But  what 
mately  acquainted  with  all  the  movements  of  igf^Jj"^^  ^ 
the  Court,  but  the  moft  important  of  them  him-  state  Pa- 

•       •  p£r  Ofncc? 

felf  in  office,  and  enjoying  the  confidence  of 
the  principal  Secretary  of  State.  It  never  once 
occurred  to  thefe  men,  at  leaft  until  the  fhout 
of  Privilege  of  Parliament  was  become  uni- 
verfal,  and  the  King  had  fled  before  it,  that  his 
impeachment  of  Pym  and  Hampden  would  serlous 
be,  or  was  meant  to    be,   a   mere  dead   and  ?^^™  ^' 

^  '  ^  impeacn- 

empty  letter.     For  feveral  days  after  the  articles  ment. 
of  accufation  were  publifhed,  the  accufed  are 
fpoken  of  everywhere,   in  each  and   all  thefe  Fate  of 
letters,  as  men  whofe  fate  abfolutely  is  hanging  J^^^fa^nce. 
in  the  balance. 

Mr.  Wifeman,  four  days  after  the  outrage,  wife- 
fears  it  to    be    impofiible  but  that  the  affair 
will  have  bloody  ifiiie,  becaufe  the  Houfe  is 

•  Hiji.  ii.  J  30.  t  lb.  ii.  178, 


man  s 
view: 


296 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members, 


the 

Under- 
Secre- 
tary's : 


Captain 
Carte- 
rett's : 
7th  Janu- 
ary. 
S.P.O. 


Gives  no 
opinion, 
but  ftates 
the  faft. 


not    more    determined    than    the    King    flill 
appears    to    be.      The    Under    Secretary    of 
State  writes  in  doubt,  on  the  third  day  after 
the  failure  of  Charles's  attempt  at  the  Houfe, 
whether    the    accufed    are    not  a6lually    fled. 
And,   on   that   fame  day,   Captain    Carterett 
defcribes   his  apprehenfion  that  there  muft  be 
ferious  diflurbance  before  all  things  could  be 
rightly  underftood,  for  that  many  would  have 
the  accufed  members  to   be  brought  to  their 
trial,  and  others  not,  faying  it  was  againft  the 
privileges  and  liberties  of  the  Parliament.     "  I 
"  am  not  wife  enough,"  continues  the  honefl: 
feaman,   "  to  diftinguijfh  the  Right  of  it,  but 
"  this  I  am  certaine,  that  our  good  King  is 
"  much  abufed.     On  Tuefday  hee  went  to  the 
*'  Houfe  of  Comons  to  demand  thofe  men  w'^^^ 
"  were  acufed,  but  noe  anfwer  was  given  him. 
"  Yefterday  hee  went  into  the  Citty,  and  after 
*'  he  had  fpent  fome  tyme  in  Guyldhall  (to  give 
"  fatiffadion  of  his  good  meaning  towards  his 
"  people),  he    went  to  one  of  the  Sheriffs  to 
"  dinner.      The   two    Houfes  have  adjorned 
"  untill  Tuefday  nexte  ;  and  this  day  there  was 
"  a  Comittee  of  both  the  Houfes  in  Guyldhall, 
"  where  they  have  voted  that  thofe  men  accufed 
"  fhall  not  be  apprehended  nor  detained,  foe 
"  that  I  feare  very  much  that  this  will  increafe 
"  the  difturbances  of  the  tyme.    This  day,  one 
"  Serjant  Dandie  went  into  London  to  take 
leizethem.  c£  ^^  accufed  men  to  aprehend  them,  where 


Vote  of 
Houfe  for 
the  ac- 
cufed. 


Serjeant 
Dandie 
gone  to 


§  XXX.     Adjournment  and  Sufpenfe.  297 

"  hee  was  much  abufed  by  the  worfe  fort  of  Attacked 
*'  people.     My  wife  is  yf  humble  fervant  and  people. 
*'  wifhes  you  a  mery  new  yeare,  and  foe  doth 

"  G.  Carterett." 
Strange,  if  what  Clarendon  fays  be  true,  that 
the  King  fhould  have  laboured  fo  hard  to  bring 
upon  himfelf  the  quite  needlefs  and  gratuitous 
fufpicion,  and  upon  his  agents  and  officers  the 
abufe  and  hatred,  of  even  the  "  worfe  fort " 
of  his  people  !     I  have  fhown  that  with  his  obft'mate 

,         ,  ,  .  r  I  •  r  refolve  of 

own  hand,  on  the  evenmg  or  his  return  from  King. 
the  City,  Charles  had  drawn  up  the  proclama- 
tion agrainft  fuch  as  fhould  continue  to  harbour 
the  traitors  ;  and  on  the  following  morning,  it 
is  placed  beyond  doubt  by  Captain  Carterett's 
ftatement,  one  of  the  Royal  ferjeants  was  dif- 
patched  into  the  City  to  endeavour  again  to 
complete  the  arreft.     To  what  extent  moreover, 
in  the  City  itfelf,  all  this  was  thought  to  favour 
of  an  adtual  and  prefent  danger,  I  am  further 
able  to  fhow  on  the  teftimony  of  a  friend  of 
the  Earl  of  Northumberland's.      "  My  noble  Thomas 
*'  Compeer,"  writes  on  the  7th  of  January  the  p™nhing- 
fecretary  of  the  Lord  Admiral  to  the  Admiral  *«"  = 

^•        •       1      T-v  <T-i  1    T        •      7th  Janu- 

commandmg  m  the  Downs  :   "  1  hough  1  writt  ary. 

"  to  you  foe  lately,  yet  I  cannot  choofe  but  ^•^•^* 

<«  give  you  y*^  occurrences  of  y^  time.     They 

'*  being  of  fuch  importance.     The  fix  Delin- 

'  ^  quents  continue  in  y''  Citty,  and  are  there  pro-  Proteaion 

"  teded  againft  ye  King's  mind.     This  breeds  ^gS^''^ 

"  difpleafure  in  him,  feare  in  all.     Some  have  King. 


298 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


King  will 
ufe  force. 


City  re- 
folved  to 
refift. 


"  God 

help  us ! ' 


Slingfby 
to  Pen- 
nington : 
6th  Janu- 
ary. 
S.P.O. 


M.P.S 

difcourf- 
ing  of  ad- 
journment 
to  City. 

Many  re- 
fufe  to  go. 


'^  perfuaded  ye  K.  to  raife  force  to  fetch  y™ 
"  out.  This  made  y^'  Cittle  laft  nighte  to  bee 
"  all  in  armes,  and  y*^  gates  and  Portcullifes  to 
"  beefhutt;  and  for  ought  I  heare,  are  fo  yet. 
^^  The  Cittiz"s  delivered  a  Petition  yefterday, 
"  humbly  befeeching  his  Ma^'"  that  thofe  men 
"  might  be  proceeded  ag*  in  a  Parliamentary 
"  way  :  no  anfwer  yet.  'Tis  beleeved  y^  Cittie 
*'  is  refolved  to  proteft  y™.  Some  well  afFedled 
"  Nobles  to  both  fides  do  labor  to  pacifie  the  K. 
'^  Some  ill  afFeded  labor  as  much  to  bring  all . 
"  to  confufion  with  falfe  tales.  Wee  knowe 
"  both.  God  help  us  !  Your  true  Friend  and 
"  humble  fervant,  Thomas  Smith." 

This  letter  outruns  by  a  day  the  point  at 
which  our  narrative  had  arrived,  but  another 
remains  to  be  cited  which  will  take  us  back  to 
that  rifing  of  the  Houfe  at  Weftminfter  on  the 
5th  January,  preparatory  to  the  fittings  in 
Guildhall.  "  The  Houfe  yefterday,"  wrote 
Captain  Slingfby  on  the  6th,  "  were  very  high 
"  againe,  and,  I  perceive,  not  refolved  to 
"  deliver  the  men  in  that  are  impeacht :  they 
"  adjorned.  the  Houfe  till  Tuefday  nexte,  before 
"  w'-'^' time  the  King  fhall  have  no  anfwere: 
'^  but  in  the  meantime  a  Comittee  of  the  whole 
"  houfe  to  meete  at  Guyldhall.  This  day,  being 
''  in  the  Privy  Chamber,  I  heard  fome  Parlia- 
"  ment  men  difcourfing  of  it.  Some  fayd  they 
"  would  not  go  to  Guyldhall,  becaufe  the  men 
"  impeacht  wold  be  there  :   and,  fince  the  reft 


^  XXX.     Adjournment  and  Sujpenfe.  299 

'  would  not  deliver  them,  they  might  be  all  Fear  to  be 
^  accefTories.'""    The  Houfe  is  yett  very  thinne ;  l^acfef- 
'  as  I  am  tould,  above  200  of  them  in  the  forles." 
'  country,  who  can  not  come  up  according  to 
'  the  Proclamation,   by  reafon  of  the  greate 
^  floodes ;   many  in  the  towne  forbearing   to 
^  come  there.      There  is  no  other  difcourfe  Threats  if 
^  but  of  open  armes,   if   thofe  men  be  notj^^^   -y^j^ 
'  brought  to   tryall.     The  ill  afFeded  Partie  "P- 
^  (w'''  are  thofe   y*  follow  the   Courte)    doe  Royallfts 
^  now  fpeake  very  favourably  of  the  Irifh  ;  favour 
^  as  thofe  whofe  grievances  were  greate,  there  ^"^' 
^  demaunds  moderate,  and  may  fiand  the  Kinge 
'  in  much  J}ead :  many  libells  printed  againft 
'  the  King." 

No  printed  libel,  however,  it  is  much  to  be 
feared,  could  poffibly  have  been  worfe  than 
this  written  one,  of  which  Captain  Slingfby  is 
here  unwittingly  the  author.  It  has  been 
always  one  of  the  graveft  of  the  Royalift  charges  Pym's 
againft  Pym,  that  in  his  famous  fpeech  before  charge 
the  Upper  Houfe  delivered  in  a  week  from  proved 

.  true. 

this  date  (wherein  he  warned  the  Lords  of  the 
danger  it  might  prove  to  themfelves  if  they 
left  the  great  tafk  of  faving  the  liberties  of  the 
kingdom  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons  alone), 
he  advanced  a  charge,  unfupported  by  any  kind 

*  Precifely  the  argument  ufed  in  the  Houfe  of  Commons  JIol- 
itfelf  by  Hyde's  friend  and  fellow  "  rat,"  Holborne  (Hijl.  and  borne's 
Biog.  EJfaySy  i.  170),  famous  once  for  his  fplendid  argument  argument, 
againft  (hip-money,   delivered   amid  clapping  of  hands   and 
ihouts  of  popular  delight  which  the  judges  found  it  irapoffible 
to  reftrain. 


3^0  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

of  proof,  againft  the  King  and  the  King's 
friends,  that  fo  far  from  entertaining  any  laud- 
able eagernefs  to  bring  to  condign  punifhment 
the  leaders  of  the  cruel  maflacre  and  rebellion 
in  Ireland,  they  had  given  the  Houfes  too  much 
Sympathy  reafon  to  fuppofe  that  they  felt  towards  them 
rebellion^  ^yi^P^thy  and  favour.  Can  it  be  faid,  after 
reading  what  is  written  by  Captain  Slingfby, 
that  Pym  had  not  good  authority  for  the  charge 
he  made  ? 

§  XXXL     Commons'  Committee  at 
Guildhall. 

Thurfday  Meanwhile  the  Committee  at  Guildhall, 
6th'janu'-  doubtlefs  not  greatly  caring  whether  Captain 
^^Y'  Slingfby's  friends  m.ay  pleafe  to  join  them  this 

day  or  not,  have  punftually  affembled  at  the 
Guildhall  on  the  morning  of  the  6th  of  January, 
and  are  now  awaiting  us. 
No  exift-        Of    the   proceedings    of  that   Committee, 
o?pro-°'^'^  beyond  the  fad  that  they  took  evidence  as  to 
ceedings.   the  incidents  of  the  3rd  and  4th  which  were 
fubfequently  reported,   no    account  exifts  ex- 
cept in  thefe  valuable  notes  of  D'Ewes.     The 
Journals  of  the  Houfe  are  entirely  filent  during 
the  interval  from  the  5th,  the  day  of  adjourn- 
ment, to  the  nth,  that  of  reaffembling.     Rufh- 
Slight  no-  worth  devotes  to  thofe  days  only  a  few  lines, 
Rufti-"      ^^   which    he   makes    brief    allufion    to    the 
worth  and  evidence  which  was  taken  in  the  courfe  of  the 
einey.     ^t^ings.     Sir  Ralph  Verney  mentions  but  the 


§>  XXXI.     Commons'  Committee  at  Guildhall.  301 

fix    refolutions  *    that    were    pafled,   on    the 
days   when   the   Committee   fat   at    Grocers* 
Hall,   in    reference    to  the   breach   of   privi- 
lege committed.     Clarendon,  not  afFedling  to  Confufions 
give  particular  account  of  anything,  confufes  ^^^^ 
everything.     D'Ewes  alone,  who  attended  the 
Committee  each  day  at  Guildhall  and  at  Grocers' 
Hall,  has  preferved  anything  like  a  regular 
record  of  its  proceedings.     And  this  is  here  A  regular 
given  to   the  world  as  D'Ewes  fet   it   down  d^ewcs.^ 
each  day. 

He  begins  his  journal  of  Thurfday  the  6th 
of  January,  by  ftating  that  a  great  number  of 
the  Houfe  met  at  the  Committee  at  the  Guild- 
hall, in  London,  that  forenoon  about  ten  of 
the  clock.  '^  I  came  thither  about  eleven  of 
"  the  clock.  We  fate  in  the  room  within  the  where 
"  court  into  which  the  juries  do  ordinarily  ^^Jj^^^^^'J^"^ 
"  withdraw." 

They  had  been  greeted,  on  arrival  at  the  Welcome 
committee  room,  by  a  deputation  of  the  lead-  citizens, 
ing  members  of  the  Common  Council,  in  their 
robes  and  chains ;   and  a  military  guard  com- 
pofed  of  fome  of  the  wealthieft  of  the  citizens, 
every  man   having    his    footman  in  fuit  and 
cafibck   with    ribbons   of  the    colours    of   his   • 
company,  was   in   clofe  attendance  during  all  Military 
their  fittings.     Nor  were  the  good  old  hofpi-  gJeJjJ.'" 
talities  of  the  City  wanting  ;  and  D'Ewes  has  ance. 
more  than  once  to  fufpend  his  report  that  he 

*  See  Notes,  140- 141. 


302  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

City  hof-   may  inform  us,  that  about  one  of  the  clock  he 
pita  ities.   ^Jt-hfjj-ey^^    Qutj    intending    to    go    away,    but 

coming  into   the  Hall  he  found  a  feaft   pre- 
pared for  the  entertainment  of  the  members, 

^^  whereat  he  dined  before  he  departed,  and  they 

cheer."      had  "great  cheere." 

The  firft  matter  they  fell  upon  at  the  Guild- 
hall, D'Ewes  proceeds  to  tell  us,  was  the  unjuft 
and  illegal  proceedings  againft  Pym  and  the 
other  members,  inftituted  by  the  King's 
Attorney  in  the  Lords'  Houfe  on  the  previous 
Monday.  What  Grimfton  had  treated  generally 
in  his  very  able  addrefs,  was  now  to  be  handled 

Firft  mat-  in  detail.     "  It  was  firft  debated  and  refolved 

ed.  "  *^  that  the  faid  impeachment  there  was  illegal 
"  and  a  breach  of  the  privilege  of  Parliament. 
*'  Then  they  fell  in  debate,   which  continued 

Searching  jc  ^j^gn  I  Came  in,  that  the  fealing;  up  of  the 

lodgings,  '  . 

and  feal-    "  doors   of  the  chambers   and  ftudies  of  the 

pafe"?       "  ^aid  Mr.  Pym  and  Mr.  Hollis,  on  Monday 

'^  morning  laft,  was  a  breach  of  the  liberty  of 

"  the   fubjedt  and  of  the  privilege  of  Parlia- 

"  ment ;  and  this  was   alfo  voted    upon    the 

'^  queftion.     Then  we  fell  in  debate  concern- 

illegal^      "  ^^g  ^^  King's  ifTuing  out  warrants,  figned 

warrants.    <f  vvith  his  own  hand,  to  Mr.  Francis  and  others 

"  his     Serjeants-at-Arms,      to     attach     their 

"  bodies  :  that  they  were  illegal,   and  againft 

"  the  liberty  of  the  fubjedl  and  the  privilege 

'^  of  Parliament."  * 

♦  HarU  MSS.  162,  f.  309  a. 


§  XXXI.      Commons^  Committee  at  Guildhall,  303 

The   Committee  thus  wifely   began  at  the  Attorney- 
beginning,  queftioning  the  Attorney-General's  proceed-'' 
proceeding  by  impeachment  before  difcufling  ings  firft 
the  outrage  that  followed.     The  folitary  argu-  tioned. 
ment  of  any  weight  that  is  ufed  by  Clarendon 
in    palliation   of   the    condudl    of   the    King, 
aflumes  that  the  popular  leaders  claimed  their 
privilege    of  Parliament  as  an  immunity  even 
from    the    charge  of  treafon  :    we    fhall    now 
fee  on  what  foundation  this   refts,   and  with 
how  much  truth  any  argument  bafed  thereon 
could  be  urged.     Upon  the  laft  propofition  as  Motion  to 
to  the  warrants  of  arreft,   a  debate   arofe,  in  ^^"^  ^°^' 

'  warrants. 

which  Nathaniel  Fiennes  and  one  or  two  more 
took  part ;  and  in  the  courfe  of  it  a  fuggeftion 
was  made  that  the  Committee  fhould  fend  to 
Mr.  Brown,  the  Clerk  of  the  Houfe  of  Lords, 
for  a  copy  of  the  proceedings  in  that  Houfe 
againft  the  five  members  of  the  Lower  Houfe. 
Upon  this  D'Ewes  arofe,  and  made  certainly  Refifted 
the  moft  able  fpeech,  moft  ferviceable  in  know-  ^,„ 
ledge  and  illuftration,  and  going  moft  diredtly 
to  the  points  in  ifTue,  of  any  from  himfelf  that 
he  has  recorded  in  his  Journal.  Its  reception 
by  the  Committee  generally,  is  honourable 
evidence  of  their  temper  and  fpirit. 

*'  I  did  defire,"   he  fays,  "  that  we  might  Speech  by 
"  not  fend  for  the  copies  of  any  proceedings  ^  ^"'^^^ 
*^  which  had  been  there  printed  againft  thefaid 
**  members   of  our  Houfe.       We   were   not 
**  truly  to  take  notice  of  fuch,  becaufe  thefe 


3^4  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

Explains    "  proceedings  againft  our  own  members  are 

againft       "  fij"ft  to  begin  in  our  own  Houfe.     For  there 

arreft.        *^  is  a  double  privilege  we  have  in  Parliament: 

"  the  one   final,   the  other  temporary.     Our 

'^  final  privilege  extends  to  all  civil  caufes,  and 

**  fiiits  in  law:   and  this  continues  during  the 

Final,  and  "  Parliament.     The   other  privilege,  which  is 

^empo        ^j  temporary,  extends  to  all  capital  caufes,  as 

*'  Treafon  or  the  like,   in  which  the  perfons 

"  and  goods  of  the  members  of  both  Houfes 

'*  are  only  freed  from  feizure  till  the  Houfes 

''  be  firft  fatiffied   of  their  crimes,  and  fo  do 

"  deliver  their  bodies  up  to  be  committed  to 

Whyfuchtt  fafe   cuftody.      And  the  reafon   of  this  is 

tion.  "  evident,  becaufe  their   crime  muft  either  be 

*'  committed  within  the  fame  Houfes,  or  with- 

**  out  them.     As  for  example.    If  any  mem- 

"  ber  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons   be  accufed 

''  for  treafonable  adiions  or  words,  committed 

"  or    fpoken   within   the   walls   of  the    fame 

"  Houfe,  then  there  is  a  necefiTity  that  not  only 

"  the  matter  of  fail,  but  the  matter  of  crime 

"  alfo,  muil  be  adjudged  by  that  Houfe;  for 

When  the  **  it  can  appear  to  no   other  court  what  was 

\lreVs°to  "  ^^^''^  ^oxiQ,  in  refped  that  it  were  the  higheft 

faft  and     **  treachery  and  breach  of  privilege  for  any 

P^"^  y-     <<  member  of  that  Houfe  to  witnefs  or  reveal 

'*  what  was  done   or  fpoken  therein,   without 

"  the  leave  and  diredlion  of  the  fame  Houfe. 

"  And  if  it  be  for  treafon  committed  out  of 

"  the    Houfe,   yet    fi:ill  the  Houfe  muft    be 


§  XXXI.      Commons'  Committee  at  Guildhall.  305 

*'  firft  fatiffied  with  the  matter  of  fadl,  before  When  as 

"  they  part  with  their  members;   for,  elfe,  all  q°  jy^ 

*'  privilege  of  Parliament  muft,   of  neceflity, 

"'*  be  deftroyed.     For,  by  the  fame  reafon  that 

**  they  accufe  one  of  the  faid  members,  they 

*^ '  may  accufe  forty  or  fifty  upon  imaginary  and  Otherwife 

*'  falfe  treafons,  and  fo  commit  them  to  cuftody  ,n°"ht  b^ 

' '  and  deprive  the   Houfe  of  their  members,  thinned 

*'  Whereas,  on  the  contrary  fide,  the   Houfe  ^ure. 

'*  of  Commons  hath   ever  been  fo  juft  as  to 

''part  with   fuch   members  when    they   have  Yet  mem- 

''  been  difcovered.     As  in  the  Parliament  de  ^^^'^  SJ^J.'/ 

"  A°  27°  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  Doctor  Parry,  rendered. 

*'  being  a  member  of  the   Houfe,   was  firft 

"  delivered  up  by  them   to  fafe  cuftody,  and 

*'  afterwards  arraigned  and  condemned  of  high 

*'  treafon,  and  executed  for  it.     And  fo  like- 

''  wife  in  Mr.  Coppley's  cafe.     In  the  Parlia-  Examples 

*'  ment  in   the  laft   year  of  Queen  Mary,  he  ^^^^"' 

"  fpake  very  dangerous  words  againft  the  faid 

*' Queen;  yet  it  was  tried  in  the   Houfe  of 

"  Commons,  as  appears  in  the  original  journal- 

*'  book   of  the   fame   Houfe,    and   the   faid 

"  Queen,    at   their   intreaty,    did   afterwards 

"  remit  it." 

Cries    of   *' well   moved,"   now    rewarded "  weil 
the  firm  yet  moderate  reafoning,*  and  the  apt  '^°^^^- 

*  Subftantially  this  argument  does  not  differ   from   that 
which  Clarendon  fays  he  took,  occafion  to  urge   upon   the 
Houl'e   in   pointing  out  to  them  (//i/?.  ii.  139)   that  privilege  Why  ap- 
of  parliament  did  not  run  in   cafes   of   treafon,   felony,   or  plaud 
breach  of  the  peace  :   but  how  is  it  that  what  was  heard  from  D'Ewes  ? 

X 


306 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


conftltutional  learning,  of  the  logical  and  well- 
read  member  for  Sudbury  :    but  thefe  cries, 
grateful  as  he  tells  us  they  were  to  him,  are  to  us 
Fair  and    the  ftill  more  valuable  teftimonyof  a  fair  and  juft 
o"f  Com-^^  temper  in  the  Committee  itfelf,   upon  a  quef- 
mittee.       tion  where  Clarendon  would  have  us  believe 
the  repeated  affeverations   he  makes,   that  no 
man  was  for   a  moment  liftened  to  who  at- 
tempted to  explain  what  the  law  really  was,  or 
No  defile   who  aflertcd    that   a   member   of   Parliament 
fDonfibk!"  might  have  his  refponfibilities  like  any  other 
citizen. 


and  objeft 
to  Hyde  ? 


Anfwer 
fuggefted. 


Doggrel 
"  Five 
Members' 
March." 


D'Ewes  with  fuch  approving  cries,  fhould  have  been  received 
from  the  lips  of  Hyde  with,  as  he  is  anxious  to  have  us 
believe,  noife  and  clamour,  with  wonderful  evidence  of  diflike, 
and  with  fome  faint  contradiftions  that  no  fuch  thing  ought 
to  be  done  whilft  a  parliament  was  fitting?  (See  ante,  212-16.) 
The  folution  of  this,  as  already  I  have  ventured  to  fuggeft, 
appears  to  be  that  Hyde  made  no  fuch  fpeech ;  and  that  the 
affertion  is  a  mere  confufion  of  his  memory  between  what  he  did 
or  did  not  lay,  and  what  he  had  afterwards  felt  that  he  might 
have  faid.  The  charge  he  brings  both  in  his  Hiftory  and  his 
Memoir,  as  though  the  Houfe  claimed  in  thefe  tranfa6lions  to 
override  both  the  judges  and  the  law  itfelf,  is  but  another 
form  of  the  doggrel  Five  Members'  March,  of  which  two  or 
three  out  of  the  fcore  of  ftanzas  may  amufe  the  reader, 

"  And  let  no  wights  henceforth  prefume 
To  hold  it  rime  or  reafon, 
That  judges  Ihall  determine  what 
Is  Felony  or  Treafon. 

But  what  the  Worthies  fay  is  fo 

Is  Treafon  to  award. 
Albeit  in  Council  only  fpoke 

And  at  the  Council-Board. 


And  for  this  Sea  of  Liberty, 

Wherein  we  yet  do  fwim, 
Gramercy  Kimbolton  and  Strode  fay  I, 

Hafelrig,  Hollis,  Hampden,  Pym." 


§  XXXI.     Commons^  Committee  at  Guildhall.  307 

"  But,"  proceeded  D'Ewes,  "  for  the  cafe  of  D'Ewes 
'  thefe  gentlemen  that  are  now  in  queftion,  it  ^^  ""^^^' 
'  doth  not  yet  appear  to  us  whether  it  be  for 
'  a  crime  done  within  the  walls  of  the  Houfe 
'  of  Commons  or  without  :  fo  that,  for  aught 
'  we  know,  the  whole  judicature  thereof  muft 
'  firfl:  pafs  with  us.  For  the  Lords  did  make  an 
'■  A(5l  Declaratory,  in  the  Parliament  Roll  de 
'  A°  4"  Ed.  III.  N°  6°,  that  the  judgment  of  As  to  cafes 
'  Peers  only  did  properly  belong  to  them  ;  fo  loiJs 
'  as  I  hold  it  fomewhat  clear  that  thefe  gentle-  J°'"- 
'  men  cannot  be  condemned,  but  by  fuch  a 
'  judgment  only  as  wherein  the   Lords  may 
^  join  with  the  Commons,  and  that  muft  be 
'  by  Bill.     And  the  fame  privilege  is  to  the  Privileges 
^  members  of  the  Lords'    Houfe.      For   we  botlT^    ^ 
^  muft   not    think  that  if  a   private    perfon  Houfes. 
^  fhould  come  there  and  accufe  any  of  them 
^  of  treafon,  that   they  will   at  all  part  with 
^  that  member,  or  commit  him  to  fafe  tuftody, 
^  till  the  matter  of  fad  be  firft  proved  before 
^  them.      'Tis   true  indeed,    that,    upon  the  impeach- 
'  impeachment   of  the  Houfe  of   Commons  £ovver  ^ 
^  for  Treafon  or  any  other  Capital  Crimes,  Houfe : 
'  they  do  immediately  commit  their  members 
^  to  fafe  cuftody  :  becaufe  it  is,  firft,  admitted  compels 
'  that  we  accufe  not  till  we  are  fatiffied  in  the  ^""f"^^^" 

or  the 

^  matter  of  fadl ;    and,   fecondly,    it  is    alfo  perfon. 
'  fuppofed  in  law  that  fuch  an  aggregate  body 
■  as    the   Houfe   of   Commons   is,    will    do  Malice  not 
'  nothing  ex  livore  vel  ex  odio,  feeing  they  are  Jbk"'"" 


3o8  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

"  entrufted  by  the  whole   Commons  of  Eng- 

"  land  with  their  eftates  and  fortunes." 

Conclu-         Sir  Simonds  dofed  his  calm  and  temperate 

^"  ^y      expofition  with  a  decifive  aflertion  of  opinion. 

"  So  as  upon  the  whole  matter/'  he  faid,  *'  I 

"  conclude  that  the  proceedings  againft  thefe 

"  five  gentlemen   have  been  hitherto  illegal  ; 

*'  and  that  we  ought  to  demand  fafety    for 

*'  their  perfons  to  come  and   fit  amongfl:  us, 

'^  till  their  crime  jfhall  be   proved  before  us." 

Loud  ac-    Then,  as  he  refumed  his  feat,  he  proceeds  to 

clamatlon.  ^g]]  ^3  with  pardonable  complacency,  "  there 

*'  followed  a  loud  acclamation  of  fi^eil  moved y 

"  and  Mr.  Glyn  fpake  after  me,  and  faid  that 

*^  I  had  abundantly  and  very  well  cleared  this 

'*  point  both  with  authority  and  reafon." 

Glyn's  But  Glyn's  fpeech  was  remarkable  for  more 

fpeech:      ^|^^j^  ^.j^jg^     Some  pafTagcs   of  it  were  hardly 

lefs  folid  and  weighty  than  Grimfton's.    Speak- 

aimed  at    ing  from  the  queftion  of  the  Warrants  to  the 

^"^^n      general   confideration  of  breach  of  their  pri- 

counlels      d  ^     r 

as  Hyde's,  vileges,  he  ftruck  more  nearly  and  diredbly 
than  Grimfton  had  done  at  the  evil  councillors, 
by  whom  mifunderftandings  had  been  for  a 
long  period  affiduoufly  raifed  and  encouraged 
between  his  Majefty  and  that  Houfe.  Thefe 
Private  in-  men,  he  faid,  and  fuch  as  thefe,  had  been, 
the  Kin  °.  ^^^  wtvc  ftill,  cafting  afperfions,  and  fpread- 
ing  abroad  evil  reports,  not  only  of  the  mem- 
bers, but  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Houfe  of 
Commons  againft  them  and  others  of   their 


^  XXXI.     Commons*  Committee  at  Guildhall.  309 

favorites.  Forhimfelf  he  would  fay  that,  of  all 
breaches  of  the  privileges  of  Parliament,  none 
more  grave  could  be  committed  than  to  in- 
form his  Majefty  of  any  proceedings  in  the  Spies  In 
Houfe  of  Commons,  upon  any  bufinefs  what- 
foever,  before  they  had  concluded,  finifhed, 
and  made  ready  the  fame,  to  prefent  to  his 
Majefty  for  his  royal  aflent  thereunto.  Further, 
he  faid,  it  was  in  his  view  a  breach  of  Parlia- 
mentary privilege  to  mifinform  his  Majefty 
contrary  to  the  proceedings  in  Parliament, 
thereby  to  incenfe  and  provoke  him  againft 
the  fame.  And  to  all  men  it  was  viftbly  a  Manifeft 
moft  manifeft  breach  of  privilege,  to  come  rivUege 
to  the  Commons  Houfe  fitting  in  free  conful- 
tation,  and  there,  aflifted  and  guarded  with 
armed  men,  to  demand  as  it  were  vi  et  armis 
any  members  fingled  out  and  accufed,  without 
the  knowledge  or  confent  of  that  Houfe. 

Mr.  Glyn  had  evidently,  in  the  abfence  of  the  Glyn  has 
member  for  Taviftock,  aflumed  in  the  Com-  leaderftilp, 
mittee  the  place  of  leader  to  the  popular  party ; 
and,  quietly  taking  their  places  by  his  fide, 
as  of  right  entitled  to  claim  the  next  rank  to 
that  which  all  feem  at  once  to  have  conceded 
to  Glyn's  diftindlion  as  a  lawyer  and  his  pofi- 
tion  as    member    for  Weftminfter,    we  find, 
among  the  moft  adive  and  influential,  young  Chiefs 
Sir  Harry  Vane,  Nathaniel  Fiennes,  Grimfton,  him. 
Maynard,    Alderman  Pennington,     Stapleton 
the  member  for   Boroughbridge,  and  Wilde 


3 1  o  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

the  member  for  Worcefterfhire,  who  occupied 
the  chair  of  the  Committee  more  frequently 
than  any  other  member. 
D'Ewes's        Glyn  had  fpoken  truly  in  the  compliment 
o/privi-    he  offered  to  the  learning  and  difcrimination  of 
lege.         ^j-jg  member  for  Sudbury.    D'Ewes  had  argued 
the   matter   of  privilege,    taking   the    King's 
proceeding  as  the  bafis  or  ftarting  point,  upon 
incontrovertible  grounds.     He  had  anticipated 
and  repelled  the  falfe  infinuations  of  Clarendon, 
and  now,  covered  by  Glyn's  authority  againft 
fuch   further   objedions    as   were    made,    he 
carried  the  committee  with  him  to  a  pofition 
from    which    their    right    to    refift    was    un- 
Afirm      affailable.       Without    minutely    difcuffing    a 
po  1  ion.     qygfj-JQj^    which    can    no   longer,     with     our 
fettled  and  afcertained  rules  of  procedure,  be 
viewed  exadlly  as  it  prefented    itfelf  in  thofe 
days,  it  is  clear  that  the  mere  breach  of  privi- 
lege, grofs  as  it  was,  was  not  the  King's  worft 
More  than  offence  on    that   miferable   day.      Whatever, 
tion  at      afTuming  that  a  cafe  exifted  on  which  to  take 
ifilie.         proceedings  at  all,  the  form  of  thofe  proceedings 
fhould  ftridlly  have  been,  whether  by  impeach- 
ment  of    the    Commons    themfelves,    or   by 
indidlment   preferred    to    a    grand  jury,    the 
method  taken  by  the  King  leaves  quite  imma- 
Claren-      terial.     When  Clarendon  afferts  that  "  if  the 
evafion.      ^^  judgcs  had  been  compelled  to    deliver  their 
"  opinions  in  point  of  law,  which  they  ought 
*^  to  have  been,  they  could  not  have  avoided 


§  XXXI.     Commons*  Committee  at  Guildhall.  3  1 1 

"  the  declaring,  that  by  the  known  law,  which 
"  had  been  confefTed  in  all  times  and  ages,  no 
'^  privilege  of  Parliament  could  extend  in  the 
"  cafe  of  treafon,"  *  he  knows  perfe6lly  well 
that  he  is  not  raifing  the  real  ifTue.f    There  ^°*  ^"^ 
were    a  dozen  violations  of  the  known    and  breaches 
fettled  law  to  be  dealt  with,  before  that  could  °^^*'^- 
even  come  to  be  confidered.     Each  ftep  had 
been  an  outrage.  Hyde  was  too  good  a  lawyer 
not  to  be  perfedly  aware,  that,  fo  far  from  the 
King's  having  anything  like  the  power  he  had  King 
aflumed  to  exercife  in  this  cafe,  even  an  ordi-  t°arrefl:^ 
nary  magiftrate  or  juftice  of  peace  had  a  power 
fuperior  to  the  fovereign's.     The  King  was  in 

*  Hiji.  \\.  193. 

t  I  find  remarkable  evidence,  in  a  letter  written  the  morning  ,   n 
after  the  King's  attempt,  of  how  clearly,  in  oppofition  to  all  ■'•         " 
thefe  falfe  ftatements  and  reafonings  of  Clarendon,  the  nature         n 
of  the  outrage  which  had  been  committed  was  difcriminated 
by  impartial  byftanders,  and  how  accurate  and  unexaggerated 
was  the  meafure  taken  of  the  breach  of  privilege  involved. 
Mr.  Thomas  Smith    writes  from     York     Houfe   (built   for 
Buckingham  when  Lord-Admiral,   and  fmce   occupied    by 
holders   of   that    high   office),  on  the   5th   Januaiy,  to   his 
"true    friend"    Admiral    Pennington.       "Since    the    im- Smith  to 
"  peachm'  and  fending  of  the   Bpps.   to   the   Tower,    His  Penning- 
"  Ma''*  hath  fent  y*  Attourney  Gen'"  to  y*  Upper  Houfe  to  ton  : 
"  accufe  my  Lo.  Mandeville,   Mr.  Pym,    Mr.    HoUis,   Mr.  ^tb  Janu- 
"  Strode,   Mr.  Hampden,   and  Sir   Arthur    Haflerig,  to  bee  ary. 
"  guilty    of  High   Treafont     This  was  don  on  the   3''   of 
"  January.   The  Houfes  are  much  difpleafed  at  this  manner  of 
"  proceeding  becaufe,  fay  they.  Kings  ought  not  to  be  the 
"  accufers  of  their  fubjefts;  and  they  complaine  that  in  y*  ttj^o-  not 
"  manner  of   managing   this  bufmefle  y*  King  hath  done  ^    accufe 
"  many  things  tending  to  breach  of  Priviledge.     As  Sealing  Cubiefts 
"  up  their  ftudies,  w'="  y=  Parliam'  hath  opened  againe,  and 
"  imprifoned  thofey' feaiedthem.  [And  fending]  his  Sergeants 
"  into  the   Houfe  of  Commons  to  attack  y"  perfons  of  fome 
"  who  are  fuppofed   to  be  delinquents,  &c.     The  Lords  gave 
"  anfwer  that  if  a  Parliamentary  Charge  were  given  in  againft 
"  thofe  Delinquents,  they  would  be  Comitted  to  cuftody,  but 
"  till  y"  they  would  not.  The  Kynge,  offended  that  they  were 


312  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members, 

Each  ftep  reality  powerlefs.     He  could  not  draw  up  the 

j^gg^  "      impeachment.     He  could  not  carry  it  to  the 

Lords  by  his  Attorney.      He  could  not  ferve 

it  in  the  Commons  by  his  Serjeant-at-arms. 

He  could  not  in  perfon  arreft  under  it.     And 

for  the  manifeft  reafon  that,  prefuming  a  wrong 

to  be  done  by  fuch  means,  the  fubjedl  would 

Subjeft      be  left  without  a  remedy.      "  A  fubjedl,"  faid 

whatKing^h'^^^J^ft^'^^M^^^ham  to  Edward  IV,*  "may 

cannot.      "  arreft  for   treafon  ;    the  King  cannot ;  for, 

'^  if  the  arreft    be  illegal,    the  party  has  no 

"  remedy  againft  the  King." 

Shame  of       So     ftrongly   did    the    Attorney    General, 

Attorney-  indeed,    afterwards    feel    the    humiliation    in 

General. 

which   confiderations    of  this    kind    involved 

him,  that  upon  the  proceedings   fubfequently 

taken   againft   him,    he    requefted   the    Lord 

Keeper  to   intereft    himfelf  with  one    of  his 

Makes      friends  who  fat  in  the  lower  Houfe  for  Notting- 

through  a  ham,  Mr.  Francis  Pierpoint,  third  fon  of  Lord 

friend.       Kingfton,  to  offer  an  apology  for  his  breach  of 

the  law.     This  curious  paflage,  alfo  revealed  to 

us  by  D'Ewes,  has    already  been  quoted  in  a 

notef ;  but  it  feems  impoffible  to  underftand,  if 

"  not  reftrayned,  came  the  next  day  himfelf  in  perfon  well 
"  giiarded  into  y'=  Commons'  Hoiife  (a  thing  never  heard  of 
"before)  to  demand  y'pfons;  but  they  were  at  that  tyme 
"  abfent,  and  do  ftill  abfent  themfelves.  The  King  much 
"  difpleafed  departed,  and  is  this  day  gone  himfelfe  into 
"  London  to  have  y"  pclaimed  Traytors.  Thefe  violent 
"  proceedings  of  the  King's  give  much  difcontent  everywhere, 

Uiscon-      <(  ^j^j  ^^  3,.g  daily  in  feare  of  uproares ;  yet  all  care  is  taken 

t^nt  with    «  to  prevent  mifchiefe." 

the  Kmg.       ♦  Quoted  by  Lord  Macaulay  in  V\%EJfays,  i.  ^t. 

f  Ante, 11%.  My  late  extracts  from  the  D'Ewes  Journal  will 
be  found  in  Harl.  MSS.  162,  ff.  308  a  and  b,  and  309  a  and  b. 


§  XXXI.     Commons'  Committee  at  Guildhall,  313 

Herbert  really  felt  the  "  trouble  "  of  mind  al-  Apology 
leged,  and  faw  before  him  fo  clearly  the  confe-  jieved.' 
quences  of  his  ad,  how  an  officer  of  fo  much  ex- 
perience fhould    have  fufFered  himfelf  to   be 
overborne  in  a  matter  where  he  was  certain  him- 
felf to  be  the  firft  vidim.   One  is  rather  difpofed 
to  conclude  with  Mr.  Strode,  in  the  pregnant  Mr. 
remark  he  threw  out  on  the  occafion  of  Pier-  remark 
point's  interceffion,  that  he  believed  Mr.  Attor-  thereon, 
ney  did  not  only  contrive  the  fame,  but  knew 
of  the  defign  itfelf  alfo ;  for  he  was  a  man  of 
great  parts,  and  well  (killed    in  ftate  matters. 
The  incredulity  was  at  lead  pardonable. 

But  we  left  the  debate  of  the  6th  of  January  Debate  as 
before  it  clofed,   amid  the  cries   of  approval  *°  ^'^^''" 

^  ^  rants  con- 

which   followed  the  fpeeches  of  D'Ewes   and  tinued. 
Glyn.      Divers,   D'Ewes  proceeds  to  tell   us, 
afterwards  fpoke  refpeding  the  warrants  which 
purported  to  have  been  ifTued  out  under  the 
King's    hand,    and   no    one  ventured   to    af- 
fert  their  legality.     The  fpeeches  all  went  to  Sound 
one  refult.     That   fuch  warrants  could  not  be  ftatedT  ^^ 
good:   that  the  fovereign  was  himfelf  a  party 
againft  all  capital  offenders:   that,  being  entitled 
on  convidlion   to  have  their  lands  and  goods, 
he  could  therefore  be  neither  judge  nor  accufer 
in  their  trial :     that  his  warrants  were  to  be  No  difFe- 
iflued    forth   by   his  minifters,  who  were  by  opbLn. 
the   law    appointed    thereunto :    "  with  much 
"  other  matter  to  that  efFed." 

A  charaderiftic  incident  then  occurred,  which 


314  Arreft  of  the  Five  Memhers. 

Difpute     further  fliows  how  clearly  D'Ewes  kept  before 
with    ^^*  himfelf,    and   how  fteadlly   before  the   Com- 
Wilde.      mittee,  the  point  it  moft  behoved  them  to  reft 
their  cafe  upon.    Mr.  Serjeant  Wilde,  fpeaking 
from  theChair,and  taking  advantage  of  exciting 
expreffions  thrown  out  in  difcuffing  thefe  war- 
rants of  the  King,  would  have  had  the  Com- 
Wrong     mittee  affirm  that  the  mere  charge  of  treafon  in 
^^ft^d"^'    ^^  abftra(5l,  no  matter  how  inftituted,  was,  as 
againft  a  member  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons, 
a  breach  of  privilege ;    but  the   member  for 
Correaed  Sudbury  wifely  fubftituted  a  refolution  againft 
^,  the  mode  of  inftituting  fuch  a  charge  which  lately 

had  been  taken,  and  denouncing  the  ifTue  of  any 
additional  warrants,  as  not  only  a  violation 
of  the  privilege  of  parliament,  but  a  breach  of 
the  liberty  of  the  fubjedl :  and  this  the  Com- 
mittee adopted.  Thewifdom  of  fuch  a  courfe 
was  manifeft.  Even  fuppofing  that  the  view 
could  be  fupported,  of  a  right  in  the  Lords  to 
entertain  the  accufation  of  treafon  at  the 
inftance  of  the  Attorney-General,  it  was  the 
Lords  to    Lords,  and  not  the  King,   who   fhould  have 

iHue  war-    .  ^ 

rants.  ilTued  the  warrants  :  and  D'Ewes  was  right  to 
continue  to  fix  the  attention  of  the  Committee 
upon  the  mode  of  procedure.   Had  the  very  right 

How  to     itfelf  exifted,  the  method  would  have  turned 

right  ^      it  into  wrong.     "At  length,"  he  fays,  "Mr. 

thing        cc  Serjeant  Wilde  propounded  a  queftion  to  be 

wrong.  -'  .  ^ . 

"  put  concernmg  the  arrefting  of  Mr.  Denzil 
"  Hollis,  or  any  of  the  other  four  members 


§  XXXI.      Commons^  Committee  at  Guildhall.  3 1 5 

"  accufed  of  high  treafon,  that  it  was  a  breach  D'Ewes's 

victory 

*'  of  privilege:    but  I  moved  that   the    firft  over 

*'  queftion  might  be  put  touching  the  ifTuing  ^*^^^' 

*'  forth  of  any  frefh  warrants;  that  the  fame 

'^  was  a  breach  of  the  liberty  of  the  fubjedt, 

*'  and  a  violation  of  the  privilege  of  Parlia- 

'^  ment :  which  motion  of  mine  was  approved  Goodfenfe 

'^  by  the  Committee,  and  the  fame  was  refolved  ^jj^g""^" 

"  upon  the  queftion,  and  ordered  by  the  Com- 

*'  mittee  accordingly." 

There  was  no  further  objedlion  to  the  refo-  Refolu- 
lutions    fubmitted.      "  We    proceeded,"    fays  y°"gj^ 
D'Ewes,  "  to  vote  it  a  breach  of  privilege  of 
"  Parliament,  and  of  the  liberty  of  the  fubjedl, 
"  for    any    perfon    to   arreft  any  of  the   faid 
"  members  by  colour  of  fuch  warrants ;    and  Againft 
"  we   declared   them   public   enemies   of  the 
"  Commonwealth.  It  was  alfo  further  refolved 
"  upon  the  queftion,  and  ordered  by  the  Com- 
"  mittee,  that  to  arreft  any  member  of  either  Againft 
"  Houfe  without  confent  of  that  Houfe  whereof  arreft"n„ 
"  fuch  perfon  was  a  member,  was  againft  the  ""^^"^ 
"  liberty  of  the  fubjeft,  and  a  breach  of  the 
"  privilege  of  Parliament,  and  that  any  perfon 
"  who  ftiould  fo  arreft  fuch  member  ftiould  be 
"  declared  a  public  enemy  of  the  Common- 
"  wealth.  Which  votes  being  put  and  ordered, 
"  it  was  moved  that  a  fub-Committee  might 
"  be  appointed  to  go  out,  and  to  draw  out  a 
"  Declaration  to  this  purpofe." 

Then    rofe  the  younger  Sir   Henry    Vane  vrne"nfes: 


3i6  Ar reft  of  the  Five  Members. 

OfFers wife  with  a  propofition,  as  the  fequel  to  what  the 
tion^*^ '      learned  member  {killed  in  precedents  had  fo 
well  moved,  which  he  offered  to   the  Com- 
mittee as  very  necefTary  to  be  included  in  the 
Declaration,  and  which  was  eminently  charadler- 
iftic  of  his  own  fenfe   of  juftice.     "  He  did 
*^  move,"  fays  D'Ewes,  "that  we  might  make 
"  fome  iliort  declaration  that  we  did  not  intend 
Guard       "  to  proted  thefe  five  gentlemen,  or  any  other 
claiming    "  member  of  our  Houfe,  in  any  crime  ;    but 

privilege    cc  f}^ould  be  moft  ready  to  bring  them  to  con- 
tor  crime.  _  ^  ^    ^  " 

"  dign  punifhment,  if  they  fhould  be  proceeded 

"  againft  in  a  legal   way."      The  Committee 

aflented ;  and   young  Vane,   Glyn,  Grimfton, 

Sub-Corn-  Nathaniel  Fiennes,and  Sir  Philip  Stapleton,  hav- 

draw^*°    ing  been  named  as  the  fub-Committee  to  draw 

provifo.     the  declaration,  left  the  chamber  for  that  pur- 

pofe.      While  they  were  abfent,  "  I  departed," 

fays  D'Ewes,  "  from  the  Committee,  between 

"  two  and  three  of  the  clock  in  the  afternoon ; 

"  but  the  Declaration  was  afterwards  brought 

Vane's       "  in   by  the  faid  Committee,  and  allowed  and 

voted  and  "  voted  by  the  Committee,  and  printed."    He 

printed,     adds,  that  as   the  Common  Council   required 

the  Guildhall  Chamber  for  City  ufes,  and  it 

Adjourn    was  moreover  in  itfelf  fomewhat  inconvenient, 

*°  9?t"m  the  Committee  adiourned  itfelf  to  meet  next 

cers   Hall.  .  •      /-> 

mornmg  m  Grocers'  Hall. 

^  XXXII.     Facts  and  Fictions. 

The  elaborate  particularity  with  which  the 


§  XXXII.     Fa5is  and  Fidions.  317 

good  Sir  SImonds  D'Ewes  thus  records  in  de- 
tail the  proceedings  of  the  Seled  Committee  of 
the  Commons,  feems  as  though  fpecially  pro-  Clarendon 
vided   for     refutation    of   the    ftudied    mif- 
reprefentations  and  difingenuous    artifices    of 
Clarendon.     Speaking    generally    of  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the   Committee  defcribed  in  the 
foregoing    fedion,    that    writer    deliberately 
ftates :      i .    That  all   the    refolutions    voted  Alleged 
were  in  fupport  of,  and  fimple  corollaries  from,  of  votes. 
the   broad    and    unreftrided    aflertion,    "that 
"  the  arrefting,  or  endeavouring  to  arreft,  any 
"  member  of  Parliament,  was  a  high  breach 
"  of  their  privilege."      2.   That   the    Houfe 
itfelf  held    fhort    fittings,    concurrently    with  Concur- 
the  fittings  of  the  Committee,  for  the  mere  J['^t"ing3  ^^ 
purpofe   of  confirming  the    votes   fo  pafl!*ed.  Houfe. 
3.  That  when    the   votes   in    queftion    were 
propofed  for    confirmation,   he    (Mr.    Hyde)  Hyde's 
took  part  in  the  debate,  and  was  received  with  fpeech, 
noife  and  clamour,  and  with  wonderful  evidence 
of  diflike,  merely  for  ftating  what  was  a  known 
truth  to  any  one  who   knew  anything  of  the 
law,  namely,  that  where  perfons  were  arretted 
for  treafon,  or  felony,  or  breach  of  the  peace, 
there   could  be    no   privilege  of  Parliament. 
And,  4.     That  after  this  debate  "  the  Houfe  Pretended 
"  confirmed  all  that  the  Committee  had  voted,  ffnouf? 
"  and  then  adjourned  again  for  fome  days,  and  itfelf. 
*^  ordered  the  Committee  to  meet  again  in  the 
"  City.    ...   the  Houfe  itfelf  meeting  and 


3i8 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


Houfe 
confirm- 
ing votes 
of  Com- 
mittee. 


All  done 

during 

Five 

Members' 

abfence. 


Reply. 


Votes  not 
fo  re- 
ftriaed. 


Houfe 

itfelf  not 
fitting. 


Hyde  not 
fpeaking. 


"  fitting  only  to  confirm  the  votes  which  were 
"  pafTed  by  the  Committee,  and  to  profecute 
"  fuch  matters  as  were  by  concert  brought  to 
"  them,  by  petition  from  the  City,  which  was 
'^  ready  to  advance  anything  they  were  diredled : 
'^  and  fo,  while  the  members  yet  kept  them- 
"  felves  concealed,  many  particulars  of  great 
"  importance  were  tranfaded  in  thofe  fhort 
"  fittings  of  the  Houfe.  *  " 

To  which  elaborate  mifflatement,  the  reply 
which  D'Ewes  enables  us  to  make  is  very 
fimple.  It  is :  i.  That  the  votes  of  the 
Committee  diftindtly  limited  and  defined  the 
breach  of  privilege  as  confifting,  not  in  the 
accufation  or  the  arreft,  but  in  the  means  and 
procefs  employed  therein,  whereby  the  law 
of  the  land  and  the  liberty  of  the  fubjed, 
not  lefs  than  the  privileges  of  Parliament, 
were  violated.  i.  That  the  Houfe  held  no 
fuch  fittings,  the  Committee  having  in  the 
firfl  inflance  received  full  powers,  and  exer- 
cifing  an  entire  jurifdidion  over  the  matters 
referred  to  them.  3.  That  it  is  therefore 
impoffible  that  Mr.  Hyde  can  have  addreffed 
the  Houfe  ;  that  there  is  no  evidence  of  his 
having  ever  attended  the  Committee  ;t  and 
that,  affuming  him  neverthelefs  to  have 
fpoken  at  the  Committee  as  alleged,  what  we 
have  feen  of  their  reception  of  D'Ewes's  tem- 
perate fpeech  renders  it  extremely  improbable 


*  Hijl.  ii.  138-140. 


f  See  ante,  212-216. 


§  XXXII.     Fads  and  Fi^iions.  319 

that  Mr.  Hyde's  very  Innocent  remark  fhould 
have  been  hooted  down.     And  4.   That  there  ^°^°" 
was  only  one  adjournment  of  the  Houfe  be- 
tween the  5th  and  the  1  ith  January,  1641-2  ; 
and  that  there  were  no  fhort  fittings  whatever 
while  the  Five  Members  yet  kept  themfelves 
concealed.     Even  if  D'Ewes  had  not  revealed 
this,  the  evidence  of  the  Commons'  Journals  Journals 
would  have  been  decifive.     They  are  a  total  D'Ewes. 
blank  between  the  two  days  named. 

Happily,  too,  the  Declaration  remains,  which  Evidence 
embodied  the    conftitutional    fuggeftlons    ofJ-fhedDe- 
D'Ewes  and  the  manly  propoiition  of  Vane ;  claration. 
and  it  needs  but  to  quote  a  few  of  Its  noble  kn- 
tences  to  diffipate  thefe  fi(5lIons  of  Clarendon. 
After  ftating  the  high  breach  committed  againft 
the  rights  and  privileges  of  Parliament,   and 
the  liberties  and  freedom  thereof,  by  the  King's 
attempt  to  arreft  the  members,  it  proceeded  : 

"  And  whereas  his  Majefty  did  Iflue  forth  ^^  to 
'  feveral  warrants,  under  his  own  hand,  for  the 
'  apprehenfion  of  the  perfons  of  the  faid  mem- 
'  bers,  which  by  law  he  cannot  do ;  there  being  King 

*  not  all  this  time  any  legal  charge  or  accufa-  fo^ug*^^* 
'  tion,  or  due  procefs  of  law,  Iflued  againft  them. 

'  them,  nor  any  pretence  of  charge  made 
^  known  to  the  Houfe  ;  all  which  are  againft 
'  the  fundamental  liberties  of  the  fubjedl,  and 

*  the  rights  of  Parliament :  whereupon,  we 
'  are  neceftltated  according  to   our   duty  to 

'  declare,  and  we  do  hereby  declare,  that  any  ^^^Jf- 


320  Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

King  dlf-  cc  perfon    that     fhall    arreft    Mr.   Hollis,    Sir 

abled  from  \         ,  ^^      -  ,     .  n«^-r.  -n^  r        r-r  ^ 

efFeaing     "  Arthur  Halelng,  Mr.  Pym,  Mr.  Hampden^ 

**•  "  and  Mr.  Strode,  or  any  of  them,  by  pre- 

**  tence  or  colour  of  any  warrant  ifTuing  out 

"  from  the  King  only,  is  guilty  of  a  breach  of 

"  the    liberties    of  the    fubjeft,    and    of  the 

As  to        "  privileges  of  Parliament,  and  a  public  enemy 

privilege :  "  to  the  Commonwealth  ....  Notwithftanding 

"  all  which,  we  think  fit  further  to  declare,  that 

"  we  are  fo  far  from  any  endeavour  to  proted: 

**  any   of  our  members    that  jfhall  be   in  4ue 

*^  manner  profecuted  (according  to  the  laws  of 

not  ff  the  kingdom,  and  the  rights  and  privileges 

bar  ajuft    *'  of  Parliament)  for  treafon,  or  any  other  mif- 

charge.      cc  demeanor,   that  none  fhall    be   more   ready 

"  and  willing  than  we  ourfelves  to  bring  them 

Readlnefs  cc  ^q   q.   fpeedy  and  due   trial :    being   fenfible 

to  bring  ,  .  ,,       ,  ,,  - 

guilty  to    "  that  It  equally  imports   us,  as  well    to  lee 
trial.         "juftice  done  againft    them  that  are  criminal, 
"  as  to  defend  the  jufl  rights  and  liberties  of 
"  the  fubjedls  and  Parliament  of  England." 

§  XXXIII.     Agitation  in  the  City. 
Thurfday       'Yue  Declaration  of  the  Commons  on  the 

night,  6th 

January.  Breach  of  their  Privilege  was  printed  and  in 
circulation  in  the  City,  on  the  night  of  that  firft 
meeting  at  Guildhall.  Agitation  and  excite- 
ment had  continued  to  increafe  out  of  doors. 
Clarendon  is  no  mean  or  incredible  witnefs 
where  his  pafTions  or  interefl:  do  not  deceive 
or  miflead  him  to    perverfion  of  the  truth. 


§  XXXIII.     J  git  at  ion  in  the  City.  321 

and  he  fays  that  it  cannot    be  exprefTed  how  A  change 
great  a  change  there  appeared  to  be  in    the  people, 
countenance  and  minds  of  all  forts  of  people, 
upon  thofe  late    proceedings   of  the    King.* 
The   fhops  of    the    City,    while    the    mem- 
bers   remained    therein,   were    generally    fhut 
up,  as  if  an  enemy  were  at  their  gates  ready 
to  enter  and   to  plunder   them  ;    the   people 
in  all  places,    he  adds,    were   at   a   gaze,    as 
if,  difpofed  to  any  undertaking,    they   looked  Difpofcd 
only  for  diredtions  ;   and   the  wildeft   reports  under- 
were  fpeedily  accepted  and  believed.     D'Ewes  t^i^i^g- 
for  once  confirms  Clarendon.     On  this  Thurf- 
day  night,  he  tells  us  in  a  note  appended  to 
his  Journal  of  the  6th  January,  the  watch  at 

*  The  paflage  is  curious  and  vakiable,  though  in  its  aim  Evidence 
and  object  the  reverie  of  candid.     "  It  cannot  be  expreffed,"  of  Claren- 
he  fays  {Hijl.  ii.  159),  "how  great  a  change  there  appeared  don. 
*'  to  be  in  the  countenance  and  minds  of  all  forts  of  people, 
"  in  town  and  country,  upon  thefe  late  proceedings  of  the 
**  King."     He  afferts  (with  what  likelihood  I  have  attempted 
to  (how  in  my  Eflay  on  the  Great  Remonftrance)  that  the 
popular  leaders  had  of  late  been  lofing  their  fpirits,  fo  that  fome 
of  them  were  even  refuming  their  old  refolutions  of  leaving 
the  kingdom;  but  that  "now  again  they  recovered   greater  Tribunes 
"  courage  than  ever,  and  quickly  found  that  their  credit  and  exalted. 
"  reputation  was  as  great  as  ever  it  had  been  :  the  Court  being 
*'  reduced  to  a  lower  condition,  and  to  more  difefteem  and  Court 
"  negleift,  than  ever  it  had  undergone.     All  that  they  had  reduced. 
"  formerly  faid  of  plots  and  confpiracies  againft  the  Parlia- 
"  ment,  which  had  before  been  laughed  at,  were  now  thought 
"  true  and  real ;  and  all  their  fears  and  jealoufies  looked  upon  AH 
"  as  the  efFefts  of  their  great  wifdom  and  forethought.     All  (landers 
"  that  had   been  whifpered  of  Ireland  was  now  talked  aloud  believed. 
*'  and  printed  ;  as  all  other  feditious   pamphlets  and   libels 
"  were."      Thefe  remarks  are  fo  coloured  as  to  give  a  falfe 
expre(rion    to  the  fa£ls  they  embody,  but  the  fa6ts  themfelves 
are  confirmed  by  what  already  has  been  quoted  from  private 
letters. 


322 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


Sudden 
alarm  at 
Ludgate. 


Threat- 
ened 

attack  on 
Coleman 
Street. 


The 

Digby 
plot. 


Lunfford 
in  it. 


Ludgate  was  alarmed  fuddenly,  between  9  and 
10  o'clock,  by  information  that  the  fame  band 
of  defperadoes  who  had  accompanied  the  King 
to  the  Houfe  on  Tuefday,  had  a  fimilar  deflgn 
to  be  executed  in  the  City  that  night.  The  news 
fpread  fimultaneoufly  from  feveral  quarters, 
and  the  reported  plan  was  that  of  an  attack 
upon  the  houfe  in  Coleman  Street,  where  the 
accufed  members  were.  The  rumour  had  in 
all  probability  arifen  from  fome  oozing  out  of 
the  projed:  of  Digby,  as  to  which  Clarendon, 
in  the  charadler  he  has  left  of  that  recklefs  per- 
fonage*  in  the  fupplement  to  the  third  volume 
of  his  State  Papers,  gives  us  the  particular 
information,  that  it  was  conceived  immediately 
upon  the  Citizens  declaring  abfoluteiy  for  the 
members,  and  rejecting,  as  they  had  done  the 
day  before  this  to  which  D'Ewes  refers,  the 
King's  perfonal  overtures  for  affiftance.  Fur- 
ther he  tells  us,  as  we  have  {^zn^  that  Digby 
counted  upon  a  feledt  number  of  a  dozen  Gen- 
tlemen, who  he  prefumed  would  flick  to 
him  (his  friend  Lunfford  was  onef),  to 
help  him  out  with  this  projed,  by  feizing  on 
the  Five  Members  dead  or  alive  ;  and  he  pro- 


*  State  Papers,  iil.  Iv.  Ivi.     See  ante,  205. 

Speech  of        ^  Stapleton   made  rather  a  good  fpeech  when  the  Digby 

Staplcton.  plot,   and  Lunl'tord's  connexion  with  it,  became  notorious 

the    week    after    the   prefent  j     defcribing    Lunfford,    "this 

"Colonel  "  as  he  calls  him,  not  content,  under  the  influence  of 

Lunfford's  the  King's  unmerited  favour,  "  but  imitating  the  w.iter-toad, 

bragging.    "  and,  feeing    the   fhadow  of  a  horfe  feem  bigger  than  itfelf, 

"  fwelling  itfelf  Itraightway  to  rival  the  fame,  and  lb  burfting.'' 


§  XXXIII.     Agitation  in  the  City.  323 

tefts  that  without  doubt  he  would  have  done  it, 
and  that  it  muft  have  had  a  wonderful  efFe6l. 
A  wonderful  effedl,  even  the  rumour  of  it 
appears  to  have  had. 

The  City  and  the  fuburbs,  fays  D'Ewes,  The  city 
were  almoft  wholly  raifed,  fo  that  within  little  '"  ^""'* 
more  than  an  hour's  fpace  there    were  forty  140,000 
thoufand  men  in  complete  arms,  and  near  a  weapons, 
hundred    thoufand    more  that    had   halberds, 
fwords,   clubs,  and  the  like.     Such  was   the 
military  organifation  of  the  City  Train  Bands 
in  thofe  days.   Notwithftanding  this,  however.  Panic 
the  panic  ran  its  courfe,  as  it  is  in  the  nature  ^°"*'""^^' 
of  all  panics  to  do.     "  Yet,"  D'Ewes  tells  us, 
in  a  fentence  which  exhibits  not  a  little  of  the 
nervous  derangement  it  commemorates,  "  the 
"  general  cry  of  the  City,  Arm  I  Arm  !  was 
'*  with  fo  much  vehemency,  and  knocking  at 
"  men's   doors   was   with   fo  much  violence, 
"  that  fome   women  being   with  child   were  Women  in 
"  fo    much    affrighted    therewith    that    they 
*'  mifcarried."     However,    the  Lord   Mayor  Exertions 
played    his  part  of  pater   'patriae   within  the  Mayor. 
City  walls  with  all  neceffary  promptitude  and 
vigour,  and  put  a  timely  check  to  thefe  domeftic 
inconveniences.     He  had  tried,    but   vainly, 
to  prevent  the  Trained  Bands  from  getting 
under  arms ;  but  he  afterwards  fent  to  White- 
hall, and,  in  every  diredion  where  authentic 
intelligence  was   procurable,    he    difperfed    it 

on  all  fides  in  place  of  the  exaggerated  rumours 

T  2 


324  Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

Streets       flying  about ;  and  he  took  finally  fuch  ikilful 
meafures  for  clearance  of  the  ftreets,  that  in 
little  more  than  an  hour  from  his  firfl;  inter- 
City  again  ference,  the  City  was  again  quiet,  and  "  every 
quiet.        J  J  ^^^  retired  to  his  houfe."  Two  days  later,  he 
Thanks  of  was  fpecially  thanked  by  an  order  of  the  Council 
toTord     Board,  at  which  the  King  was  prefent  and  the 
Mayor.      jiew  Minifters  of  State  ;   and  at  which  demand 
was  made,  under  their  hands,  for  delivery  up  of 
the  names  of  the  perfons  who  had  "  importuned 
"  him  to  put  the  Trained  Bands  in  arms."*  Yet 

Order  *  ^  copy  of  this  Order  from  the  Council-Board  addreffed 

from  *°  ^^^  "  Lo'^l  Mayor  &c.  of  London,"  and  dated  Saturday  the 

Council  ^*^'  ^''ift'^  ^^  '^he  State  Paper  Office,  and  furnifhes  remarkable 
Saturday  evidence  of  the  tone  and  fpirit  which  muft  have  animated  the 
8th  Tari  Coimcil  in  difcuffing  the  incidents  of  the  preceding  Thurfday, 
the  6th  of  January.  It  is  to  be  borne  in  mind,  in  reading  it, 
that  the  members  for  the  City  were  notorioufly  thofe  who  had 
Members  o'v^rruled  the  Lord  Mayor  as  to  the  aflembling  of  the  Trained 
for  City  Bands,  and  that  the  Committee  of  the  Commons,  fitting  in 
odious  to  *^^  ^'fy>  \\e.\A  the  ftep  to  have  been  eflential  to  the  fafety  of 
Court  ^^^  citizens.     The  infertions  within  brackets  are  in  the  hand- 

writing of  Nicholas  ;  and  the  intimations  with  which  the 
Swearinsr  Order  concludes  as  to  the  fwearing  in  of  Lord  Falkland  at 
inof  Faik-  ^^^  Board  that  day,  may  perhaps  be  taken  as  an  evidt-nce  of 
land.  Nicholas's  anxiety  that  the  faftfliould  be  known  in  the  City,  and 

his  own  refponfibility  fo  far  lightened   by   participation  with 
one  fo  recently  engaged  and  trufted  on  the  popular  fide  in  the 
Houfe  of  Commons.    "  Hearty  commendations  to  your  LP  and 
Notices       "  the  reft.     Whereas  the  King's  Ma^  hath  taken  notice  of  a 
tumult  of   "  great  diforder  &  tumult  within   the  Cittie   of  London  & 
Thurfday.  "  Liberties  thereof  where  many  thoufands  of  men  as  well  of 
"  the   Trayned   Bands   as  others  were  in  armes  on  Thurfday 
*'  night  laft    [without  any  lawfull  authority,  as   his   Ma''  is 
*'  informed]  to   the  great  difturbance  &  amightm'  of  all  the 
"  inhabitants:  for  which  neither  his  Ma''",  nor  this  Board,  doth 
"  [find]  believe  any  caufe  given  at  all,  nor  the  leaft  danger  to 
"  have  been  intended  to  the  faid  Citty,  or  inhabitants  thereof. 
The  "  by  any  perfon  whatever.    W''' being  of  fo  dangerous  confe- 

authors  "  quence,  as  the  fame  may  no  way  be  connived  at :  but  is 
muft  be  "  moft  requifite  that  the  authors  of  the  alarme  be  enquired 
puniflied.    "  after,  exam"*,   and  puniflied  according  to  Law  :  that  others 


§  XXXIII.     Agitation  in  the  City,  325 

the  right  fo  challenged  had  never  until  now  been  IH- timed 
queftioned ;  and  the  time  appropriately  feledled 
for  this  note  of  defiance,   was  when  bands  of 
armed  men  were  being  organifed,  as  well  by  the 
King  as  by  his  followers,  without  any  warrant 
from  the  law.     D'Ewes  concludes  the  very  note 
I  have  quoted,  by  faying  that  the  alarm  in  the 
City  had  been  greatly  increafed  by  the  circum- 
ftance  of  a  troop  of  horfe,  raifed  by  a  Royalift  Troop 
Squire  of  EfTex,  having  been  billeted  at  Bar-  Royaii/ 
net,  and  reported,  **  upon  what  mifinformation  Squire. 

"  may   both  hereafter  be  deterred   from   the   like   feditious 

"attempts,  &  his  Ma""=  good  fubjefts  better  fecured  in  the 

"  peaceable  quiet  &  enjoying  of  what  is  theirs.     And  whereas  Certain 

•'  his  Ma"' hath  been  informed  that  before  the  alarme,  certaine  perfons 

"  perfons  were  earned  w'"*  yo'  Lop  to  put  the  Trayned  Bands  CM.P.s) 

'*  of  the  Cittie  in  armes;  w'^'^you  refufingto  doe  becaufe  [you  over 

"  faid]  you  knew  no  caufe  of  feare,  yet  the  fame  was  after-  earneft. 

'•  wards  done  without  yo'  commands  &  ag'  yo''  will  [and 

"  without  any  authority].  His  Maje^,  having  duly  confidered 

"  of  the  premifles,  hath  thought  fitt  by  advice  of  this  Board 

"  hereby  to  pray  and  require  you,  together  with  y'  Brethren 

"  the  Aldermen  and  the  Recorder  of  the  faid  Cittie,  forthwith 

"  to  meete  &  to  ufe  all  diligence  for  the  enquiring  and  finding  pj^d  out 

"out,  by  what  meanes   and  by  whofe  endeav"^  foe  great  a  ^mj^^j.^  q^- 

"  diforder  did  happen  ;  who  were  the  authors  of  the  alarme  alarm 

"  [by  what  &  whofe  order  the  trayned  bands  were  raifed] 

"  and  upon   what  pretexte  ;  and  fuch  as  you  fhall  difcover  to 

'•  be  guilty  of  this  fo  great  offence,  that  you  take  a  fitting 

"  courfe  that  they  may  be  forthcoming:  and  further  that  you 

"  certifie  this  Board  with  fpeed  of  yo'  proceedings  therein, 

"  and  what  you  finde  [as  alfo  the  names  of  thofe  who  at  firft  Give  up 

"  importuned  you  to  put  the  Trayned  Bands  in  amies].     To  their 

"  the  end  fome  further  courfe  may  thereupon  be  direfted  for  names. 

"  fettling    the    peace    &    quietnefle    of   the    Citty,    &     for 

"  punifhm'  of  the  offenders  according  to  the  Laws  &  Statutes  Mufl  be 

"  of  the  Realme.     Wherein  not  doubting  of  y"^  care,  we  bid  punifhed. 

"  you    very  heartily   farewell.     From   Whytehall  the   8   of 

"  January   164.1.     Y'  very  loving   friends. — This    day,    his 

"  Ma'y  prefent  in  Counfell,  and  by  his  royall  comand,  the 

"  Vifc'    Faulkland    was   fworne   one   of    H.    M.   principal 

««  Secretaries  of  State." 


22$  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

'^  I  know  not,  to  be  but  the  fore-runners  of 
**  five  hundred  horfe  that  were  laft  night  to 
"  come  into  the  City  of  London." 
Tendency  The  univerfal  tendency  of  communities  and 
to  undue  Tjodics  of  men  to  undue  and  exaggerated  fears 
is  well  underftoodj  and  the  prefent  naturalnefs 
of  fuch  fudden  fears  and  panics  has  been 
fhown  ;  nor  was  the  chara6ler  of  the  difclofures 
made  at  the  reaflembling  of  the  Committee  at 
Grocers'  Hall  the  next  morning,  of  a  kind  to 
difcontinue  or  abate  them. 

^    XXXIV.     First  Sitting  at  Grocers' 
Hall. 

Friday,  On  the  day  of  the  firft  fitting  at  Grocers* 

7t  Jan.  j^g^]]^  Friday  the  7  th,  it  had  been  appointed 
to  take  evidence  as  to  the  circumftances  of 
the  King's  attempt  of  the  previous  Tuef- 
day,  and  the  charafter  and  condudt  of  the 
armed  men  who  accompanied  him.  "  The 
"  bufinefs  was  entered  into,"  fays  D'Ewes, 
WitnefTes  tc  before  I  came  in,  and  divers  witnefles  were 

as  to  out-  ... 

rage  of      "  examined  in  my  hearing."     Of  the  ftate- 

'^   '     ments  made  by  thofe  witnefles  he  proceeds  to 

Abftraft    give  an    abftradt,   confirming  in    all  material 

evidence,   poii^ts  the  account  already  given,  and  fupply- 

ing  fome  additional  particulars    not    without 

intereft. 

It  feems  certain,  from  the  great  mafs  of  the 
evidence  adduced,  and  fupported  even  by 
witnefles  oppofed  to  the  majority  in  the  Com- 


§  XXXIV.     Firfi  Sitting  at  Grocers'  Hall.  327 

mons,  that,  while  the  King  was  in  the  Houfe,  a  Concerted 
word  or  fignal  was  expeded  to  be  given.     It  ^  ^"' 
was  diftindly  depofed  by  feveral,  that,  when 
his  Majefty  was  coming  out  of  the  Houfe, 
divers  officers  of  the  late  army  [in  the  North 
"  and   other   defperate    ruffians "    called   out  signal  to 
for  the  word,   but,  when  they  faw  no  word   ^  s^^^"- 
given,  they  '^  bade  make  a  lane  and  fo  de-  Difap- 
*'  parted."     One  of  the  witneffes,  a  Captain  ment? 
Ogle,    depofed    that   while  fpeaking,    on  the 
morning  after  the  attempt,  with  one   of  the 
officers  who  came  with  the  King,  this  perfon  did 
not  fcruple  to  avow  that  he  and  others  accom- 
panied his  Majefty  to  be  his  guard  in  confe- 
quence  of  having  heard  that  the  Houfe  of  Com-  Neceffity 

111  \      ^r•  °'  rorcing 

mons  would  not  obey  the  Kmg,  and  that  there-  Commons 
fore  it  was  neceffary  to  force  them  to  it.    "  And  Kin^ 
"  he  believed  that  if,  in  the  pofture  that  they 
"  were  fet,  the  word  had    been   given,    they  OnJy  the 
"  fhould  certainly  have  fallen  upon  the  Houfe  wanting.^ 
"  of  Commons."     Another  witnefs  fwore  to 
having  heard  "  one  of  the  defperadoes  "  cry  out, 
as  he  held  up  his  piftol  ready  cocked,  "  I  will 
**  warrant  you  I  am  a  good  markfman,  I  will 
"  hit  fure."     Another,  Mr.  John  Chambers, 
depofed  to  the  forcible  keeping  open  of  the  Forcibly 
Commons'  door  ;  to  the  violence  ufed  againft  opeS'"^ 
the  fervants  of  members  of  the  Houfe  ;  to  the  Jj'O"'  °f 
firearms  with  which  the  King's  party  had  come 
prepared ;  and  to  the  interchange  of  queftions  he 
had  overheard  among  them,  as  to  what  might 


328  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

Counting  be  the  exa6l  number  of  members  muftered  in 
the  Houfe  that  day.  A  fimilar  piece  of  evi- 
dence muft  be  given  in  the  words  of  D'Ewes  : 
"  That  when  the  King  entered  the  Houfe,  and 
"  it  appeared  that  neither  Mr.  Pym,  nor  any 
*'  of  the  other  four  were  there,  one  of  thefe 

Ingenuous  cc  bloody    ruffians  faid  *  Zounds  !    there  are 

confeinon.  r     i  1  1  1 

"  '  none  or  them  here,  and  we  are  never  the 

"  '  better  for  our  coming  ! '  " 

An  ira-  The  moft  notable  piece  of  evidence,  however, 

mtnds.     ^^^  given  by  Captain  Hercule  Langres,  who 

played  fo  important  a  part  on  the  memorable 

day ;  and   D'Ewes  enables  us  firft  to  publifh 

it.      Dwelling  in  Covent  Garden,  he  faid,  he 

AtWhite-  had  occafion  to  be  in  Whitehall  on  the  laft  day 

previous    ^^  December,  the  Friday  preceding  the  King's 

Friday,     endcavour  to  arreft  the  members.     That  he 

What       there  underftood  from  Lieutenant  Jenkin,  who 

kin\id!"'  ^^*^  Command  of  a  company  of  the  Trained 

Bands  at  Whitehall,  that  he  was  then  under 

orders  to  obey  one  Sir  William  Fleming.   That 

he  was  with  that  officer  again  on  the  following 

Again  at   Tuefdav,  having  heard  from  a  noble  gentleman 

Whitehall       ,  .V,         °  ,  .  .  ,1       ,    ,    r       . 

on  the  4th.  who  wilhed  well  to"  this  nation  (doubtlels  the 
French  ambafTador,  Montreuil)  of  the  defign 
Previous  of  the  King's  going  to  the  Houfe  to  be,  to  take 
gence  of  out  thofe  five  members  by  violence  which  were 
Kings      accufed  of  treafon,  if  he  found  them  there. 

uelign.  _  ,  _ 

That,  feeing  his  Majefty  was  to  be  accom- 
panied to  that  end  with  divers  officers  and 
foldiers    armed    with   halberds,  fwords,    and 


§  XXXIV.     Firjt  Sitting  at  Grocers^  Hall.  329 

piftols,  among  whom  were  divers  Frenchmen, 
namely  Monfieur  Fleury  and  others,  he  pafTed 
through  the  roof,  got  to  the  Houfe  of  Com-  Paflesover 
mons    before   his    Majelty    could   come,    and  efcape 
acquainted  Mr.  Nathaniel  Fiennes  therewith.  "°^^^- 
Further,   that  the  faid  Monfieur  Fleury  had 
told  him,  as  long  ago  as  fome  three  weeks,  Knew  of 
that  there  would  be  troubles  fhortly  here  in  trouble 
England,  that  he  had  guefTed  fo  before,  but  ^^'^^^ 

o  '  C5^  J  weeks  ago. 

that  now  he  was  fure  of  it. 

After  this  e^^idence  had  been  taken,  D'Ewes  impreffion 

himfelf  rofe  to  ftate  to  the  Committee  the  im-  D'Ewes. 

preffion  it  had  produced  upon  him,   and   to 

fuggeft  a  refolution  in  accordance   therewith. 

'*  I  moved,"  he  fays,  '^  that  feeing  we  had  all 
'  the  material  paflages  of  this  defign  proved 
^  unto  us  by  feveral  witnefTes,  I  was  in  mine 
'  own  confcience  fully  fatiffied,  that  if  God  had  Satlffied  as 

^      r   \  1   •     1       to  purpofe 

^  not  m  a  wonderrul  manner  prevented  it  by  aimed  at. 

'  the   abfence  of  thofe  our  five  members,  we 

'  had  been  all  in  very  great  danger  of  having 

*  been  deftroyed.     And  therefore  I  did  defire 

'  that   we  might  refolve  the  fame  upon  the 

^  queftion.     Others  feconded  me  ;  and  after  To  find 

'  a  pretty    while,  the   queftion    enfuing  was  armed 

'  agreed   upon.      That   the   coming   of  the  conflia 

'^  foldiers  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons  with  his  Houfe. 

'  Majefty,  on  Tuefday  laft,  was   a  defign  to 

'  take  fome  members  out  of  the  faid  Houfe,  Moves 


and  carries 
vote  to 

'  or  denial,  then  to  fall  in  an  hoftile  manner  that  efFeft. 


'  and,  in  cafe  they  fhould  find  any  oppofition  ^^^^  ^^ 


330 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


Sheriffs  of 
London  in 
attend- 
ance. 


Aflced 
as  to 
warrants. 


One  re- 
plies, the 
other 
refufes. 


Difference 
between 
Wilde  and 
D'Ewes. 


Don't 
ihout 
"aye"  or 
**  no,"  but 
refleft  and 
confider. 


"  upon  the  Houfe  of  Commons  ;  which  was  a 
'^  traitorous  defign  againft  the  King  and  Parlia- 
"  ment." 

Meanwhile  Serjeant  Wilde,  reviving  the 
queftion  on  which  D'Ewes  had  outvoted  him 
on  the  previous  day,  had  fucceeded  in  obtaining 
orders  from  the  Committee  for  the  attendance 
of  the  two  Sheriffs  of  London,  with  the  war- 
rants they  had  received  under  the  hand  of  the 
King  for  the  apprehenfion  of  the  five  members  ; 
and  now  their  arrival  was  announced.  They 
were  called  in,  and  aflced  by  Mr.  Serjeant 
Wilde  whether  they  had  brought  with  them 
the  warrants.  Sheriff  Garrett,  who  had 
entertained  the  King  two  days  before,  and 
whofe  fympathies  were  with  the  popular  party, 
anfwered  that  he  had  ;  the  other  declined  to 
anfwer,  on  the  ground  that  the  duty  of  his 
place  enjoined  fecrecy. 

At  this  point  D'Ewes  interpofed,and  upon  his 
motion  the  Sheriffs  withdrew.  Serjeant  Wilde 
then  ftarted  up,  from  the  Chair,  to  aflc  whether 
the  Committee  did  not  mean  to  require  them  to 
deliver  in  the  warrants :  to  which  feme  having 
cried  Aye,  and  more  No,  D'Ewes  took  upon 
himfelf  bluntly  to  inform  the  Committee  that 
the  queftion  would  not  be  determined  by  their 
confufed  crying  Aye  and  No,  but  by  their 
confideration  and  debate  what  courfe  was  beft 
to  be  taken.  Suppofe  the  Sheriffs  did  deliver 
up  the  warrants  upon  demand,  what  did  they 


§  XXXIV.     Firji  Sitting  at  Grocers'  Hall.  23  ^ 

propofe  to   do  with  them  ?     Unlefs  they  In-  Againft 
tended   to  keep  them,  they  were  better  not  to  warrants? 
demand   them  ;  and,  as  the  cafe  then  flood,  it 
was  his  clear  opinion    that   they  fhould  not 
keep  them,  and  therefore  not  demand  them. 
Becaufe,  he    proceeded    to    argue    (with    that 
guarded  moderation  of  tone  in  reference  to  Difcreet 
the  King,  and  that  defire  to  avoid  any  perfonal  Jhe^Kfrig. 
queftioning  of  his  prerogatives,  by  which  the 
teftimony  he  has  juft  borne  to  the  charadler  of 
the  attempt  of  the  4th  of  January  is  rendered 
greatly   more   valuable),  though  his  Majefty, 
being  mijled  by  evil  counjel,  had  in  many  par- 
ticulars violated  their  privileges,  yet  they  ftill 
owed   him  fo   much  refpedt  as  not  to  afTume  Refpeft 
authority  to  take  from  his  minifters,  to  whom    '     "^' 
he    had     fent    them,    even    thefe    manifeftly 
illegal    warrants.      "  Neither    do    I    doubt," 
he  continued,  with  a  touch    of   the  humour  Touch  of 
wherewith    he   occafionally  relieved  the  grave 
precifion  of  his  oratory,   "  but  they  fhall  fleep 
"  as   quietly  in  the  Sheriffs'  hands  as  in  our 
"  cuftody,  who,  I  believe  intend  to  make  but 
"  little  ufe  of  them.     And  indeed  the  City  of 
"  London  in  general,  and  thofe  gentlemen  in 
*'  particular  have  deferved  fo  well  of  us,  as  I 
"  defire  not  that  we  fhould  put  them  upon 
"  that  flrait  as  either  to  offend  his  Majefly,  or  An  ill 
"  difobey  us.     One  of  them,  you  fee,  pretends 
*'  fecrecy,  and  the  other  would  gladly  be  ex- 
"  cufed  ;    and  therefore  I  defire  that  they  may 


33'i 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 


Call  m 
theSherifFs 
and  dif- 
mifs  them. 


Suggeftion 
adopted. 

Motion 
that  Five 
Members 
attend 
Commit- 
tee, 


Difliked 

by 

D  Ewes. 


Carried. 


King 
meets  the 
challenge, 


"  be  called  In,  and  be  informed  of  the  good 
**  opinion  we  have  of  them,  and  fo  be  dif- 
"  miffed.  Some,"  D'Ewes  adds,  "  feconded 
"  me,  and  others  fpake  contrary ;  but  it  was 
"  overruled  that  they  fhould  be  called  in  and 
*'  difmiffed,  as  I  had  moved :  which  was  done 
"  accordingly." 

The  next  refolution,  however,  moved  in 
difcharge  of  a  duty  which  the  circumftances 
unavoidably  forced  upon  them,  was  in  effedt 
a  diredl  challenge  to  the  fovereign.  It  was 
that  the  five  members  accufed  might  and 
ought  to  come  to  attend  that  Committee, 
notwithftanding  any  warrant  iffued  out,  or 
other  matter  or  accufatlon,  againft  them.  It 
was  oppofed  by  fome  very  flrongly,  and  the 
difcuffion  was  ftill  proceeding,  when,  at  4 
o'clock,  D'Ewes  quitted  Grocers'  Hall.  His 
opinion  was,  that  this  open  defiance  fhould  not 
have  been  reforted  to,  until  a  dired:  demand  for 
fafety  to  the  perfons  of  the  accufed  fhould  have 
been  refufed  by  the  King ;  and  apparently  he 
wifhed  to  avoid  fupporting  a  refolution  which 
yet  he  could  not  confcientioufly  have  oppofed. 
It  was  carried,  and  the  members  invited  to 
attend  Grocers'  Hall  publicly  on  the  following 
Monday. 

The  King  meanwhile  had  met,  more  than 
halfway,  the  challenge  of  the  Commons,  and 
early  on  the  morning  following  this  vote,  the 
very  day  when  Falkland    received   the  feals. 


§  XXXV.     Second  Sitting  at  Grocers^  Hall.  333 

there  came  forth  a  frefh  Proclamation,  reiterat-  Frefh  pro- 
ing  againft  the  Five  Members  the  accufation  of  againft 
High  Treafon,  and  commanding  all  magiftrates  accufed. 
and  officers  to  feize  and  convey  them  to  the 
Tower.     A    letter   from    the  Council   Board 
alfo  reached  the  Chief  Magiftrate,  of  which  the 
objedl  was  to  make  the  City  members  refpon- 
fible  for  meafures  taken  by  them  on  the  night 
of  the  alarm  to  proteft  the  Citizens.     It  was 
impoffible  but  that  the  courfe  thus   adopted 
fliould  precipitate  every  danger,  weaken  what  Unwlfe 
chances  were  left  to  Charles  the    Firfl-,    and  ^^^^  ^' 
give  unexpedted  opportunities  and  power  to 
his  antagonifts. 

§  XXXV.     Second  Sitting  at   Grocers' 
Hall. 

Within  one  hour  after  appearance  of  the  Saturday, 
King's  proclamation   on  Saturday  the   8th  of  j^^      ,^ 
January,  commanding  all  loyal  men  throughout 
the  kingdom  to  apprehend  the  Five  Members  of 
the  Commons  whom  he  had  accufed  of  treafon, 
the  Committee  of  the  Commons  had  affembled 
in    Grocers'    Hall ;    and,  after    renewing  the  Reply  of 
order  for  the  public  appearance  of  the  accufed  toVin^'s 
members  on  Monday,  preparatory  to  the  return  proclama- 
to  Weftminfter  on    the  following    day,    they 
pafled   two    refolutions.     The  firfl:  :    that    a 
printed  paper  in   the  form  of  a  proclamation 
iffued  out  for  the  apprehending  five  gentle- 
men, members  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons, 


334  Ar reft  of  the  Five  Memhers. 

Open        was  falfe,  fcandalous,  and  illegal.    The  fecond  : 
Qf^jjg        that  all  adls  of  the  Citizens  of  London,   or 
Sovereign,  of  any  Other  perfon  whatfoever,  for  the  de- 
fence of   the   Parliament    and    the    privileges 
thereof,  or  the  prefervation  of  the  fame,  were 
according   to    their    duty,    and  the  late   pro- 
teftation,  and  the  laws  of  the  kingdom,  and 
that  if  any  perfon  fhould  arreft  or  trouble  them 
for  fo  doing,  he  was  declared  an  enemy  of  the 
Commonwealth.     Then  were  tidings  brought. 
Alarming  while  thefe  votes  were  in  progrefs,  of  a  (hip 
"^^^"        from  Berwick  laden  with  arms  having  neared 
the  Tower ;  and  this  led  to  the  moft  important 
ftep  yet  taken  by  the  Committee.     Sir  John 
Byron,  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower,  and  Captain 
Coningfley,  Lieutenant  of  the  Ordnance,  having 
Step  taken  been  fummoncd  and  examined,  it  was  refolved 
thereon,     ^j^^^.  j^eafurcs  fhould  be  adopted  with  all  dif- 
A  Guard  patch  for  the  fetting  of  a  Guard  upon  that 
fofthe^     great  fortrefs  (the  only  fecurity  in  thofe  days 
Tower,     for  even  the  fandlity  of  commercial  dealings),* 

J  *  clarendon  admits  how  vitally  important  it  was  to  obtain 

"     r       fecurity  for  the  fafe  keeping  of  the  Tower,  even  in  the  very 

,  language  of  cavil  with  which  he  complains  of  "  the  petition 

rp  *'  brought  and  delivered  in  the  names  of  feveral  merchants 

"  who  uled  to  trade  to  the    Mint ;  in  which  they  defired  that 

**  there  might  be  fuch  a  perfon  made  lieutenant  of  the  Tower 

Security  to  "  as   they   could  confide   in  (an   expreffion    that   grew  from 

merchants.  "  that  time  to  be  much  ufed),  without  which  no  man  would 

"  venture  bullion   into    the   Mint,  and  by  confequence  no 

"  merchant  would  bring  it  into  the  kingdom." — Hid,  ii.  154. 

In   that   noble   fpeech    (one   of  the   greateft  monuments  of 

Pym's  eloquence,  at  once  maffive  and  perfuafive,  that  exifts  in  the 

great  Englifh  language)  delivered  by  Pym  before  the  Upper  Houfe 

fpeech  to     at  the  Great  Conference  of  the  24th  of  January,  but  a  few 

the  Lords,  days  fubfequent  to  the  prefent  date,  when  the  leader  of  the 


§  XXXV.     Second  Sitting  at  Gr ocas'  Hall.  2ZS 

under  command  of  an  officer  having  equally  the 
confidence  of  the  City  and  the  Parliament,  and  Seleftion 
irremovable  "without  the  King's  command  fig-  manding 
«  nified  by  both  Houfes."    The  officer  feleded  o^"'^  '- 
was  the  Captain  of  the  Artillery  Garden,  Skip- 
pon  ;  "  a  faithful  and  able  foldier,"  fays  White- 
lock  ;  a  man,  fays  Clarendon,  who  had  ferved 
very  long  in  Holland,  and  from  a  common 
foldier  had  raifed  himfelf  to  the  degree  of  a  Major- 
Captain,  and    to  the    reputation  of   a  good  skippon. 
officer ;  "  a  man  of  order  and  fobriety,  and 
"  untainted  with  any  of  thofe  vices  which  the 
"  officers  of  that  army  were  exercifed  in  :  "  a  charafter 
man,  let  me  add,  very  notable  in  the  coming  ^"'^  ^^^' 
years,  and  whofe  part  in  our   Englilh   hiftory 
dates  from  this  day.* 

Lower  Hoxife   invited  the  concurrence  and  help  of  the  Lords 

in  faving  the  kingdom,  but  told  them  that  their  refufal  would 

not  diicourage  the  Commons  in  faving  it  without  fuch  aid,  he  EfFeft  of 

alfo  adverts  to  the  evil  influences  upon  trade  arifmg  from  the  political 

infecurity  of  the  Tower.     "  But  I  muft  proteft,"  he   faid,  troubles 

"  the   Houfe   of   Commons   hath   given   no   caufe   to   thefe  on  trade. 

*'  obftruftions.     We  have  eaf'd  Trade  of  many  burdens  and 

"  heavy  taxes  j  we  have  freed  it  from  many  hard  reftraints  by 

**  patents  and  monopolies ;  we  have  been  willing  to  part  with 

"  our  own  privileges,  to  give  it  encouragement  j  and  we  have 

*'  fought  to  put  the  merchants  into  fecurity  and  confidence  in 

"  refpeft  of  the  Tower  of  London,  that  fo  they  might  be 

"  invited  to  bring  in  their  Bullion  to  the  Mint  as  heretofore 

"  they  have  done.     We  are  no  way  guilty  of  the  troubles.  Defence 

"  the  fears,  the  public  dangers,  which  make  men  withdraw  of  the 

*'  their  flocks,  and  keep  their  money  by  them,  to  be  ready  for  Commons. 

"  fuch  fudden  exigents  as  in  thefe  great  dillraftions  we  have 

"  too  much  caufe  to  expe(5l.     I  muft  clear  the   Commons. 

**  We  are  in  no  part  guilty  of  this.     Whatfoever  mifchief 

"  thefe  obftruftions  in  trade  (hall  produce,  we  are  free  from  it. 

**  We  may  have  our  part  in  the  mifery,  we  can  have  no  part 

"  in  the  guilt  or  dilhonour." 

*  Whitelock  (i.  191),  has  preferved  for  us  a  fpecimen  of 


33^ 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Member i. 


Named 
•Chief  of 
the  City- 
Militia. 


How 

authority 
comes  into 
being  : 


Attends 

upon 

neceflity. 


Order  for 
po[fe  comi- 
tatus. 


No  fuch 

guard 

needed. 

Skippon 
and  his 
I'oldiers. 


Liking  for 

fhort 

fpceches. 


Captain  Skippon  was  named,  before  the 
Committee  arofe,  Major-General  of  the  Mi- 
litia of  the  City  of  London.  It  was  an  office 
never  before  heard  of,  Clarendon  fays  afterwards 
in  his  Hiftory,  nor  imagined  that  they  had 
authority  to  conftitute.  Their  authority,  it 
might  have  been  replied,  fprang  into  life  with 
the  proclamation  ifTued  on  this  8  th  of  January 
1 641 -2,  and  the  letter  of  that  morning's  date 
from  the  Council  Board.  It  had  become 
neceflary  that  the  Trained  Bands  of  London 
fhould  be  under  the  command  of  a  perfon  fit 
to  lead  them,  and  authority  waits  upon  neceffity. 
A  Sub-Committee  was  alfo  appointed  to  con- 
fer and  arrange,  as  to  the  Military  arrange- 
ments for  Tuefday,  with  the  Common  Council 
of  London  :  order  having  been  at  the  fame  time 
iflued,  to  the  Sheriffs  of  London  and  Middlefex, 
for  the  raifing  of  the  pojfe  comitatus  "  for  the 
"Guard  of  the  King  and  Parliament "  on  the 
occafion  of  the  return  to  Weftminfter.  Little 
was  that  precaution  needed.     But  even  the  men 

what  he  calls  thofe  fhort  and  encouraging  fpeeches  to  his 
foldiers  which  induced  the  City  Bands,  all  through  the  Civil 
War,  to  march  forth  under  his  command  with  the  utmoft 
cheerfulnefs.  *'  Come,  my  boys,  my  brave  boys,  let  us  pray 
*'  heartily  and  fight  heartily.  I  will  (hare  the  fame  fortunes 
**  and  hazards  with  you.  Remember  the  caufe  is  for  God, 
**  and  for  the  defence  of  yourfelves,  your  wives,  and  children. 
**  Come,  my  honeft  brave  boys,  pray  heartily  and  fight  heartily. 
**  and  God  will  blefs  us  !  "  Thus  would  he  go  all  along 
with  the  foldiers,  adds  the  grave  Mr.  Whitelock ;  talking  to 
them,  fometimes  to  one  company,  and  fometimes  to  another  j 
and  the  foldiers  feemed  to  be  more  taken  with  it  than  with  a 
fet  formal  oration. 


§  XXXV.     Second  Sitting  at  Grocers'  Hall.  337 

who  fat  at  Grocers'  Hall  at  the  clofe  of  this  Com- 
eventful  week  of  January,  could  not  gauge  the  ignorant 
depth  or  force  of  the  feeling,  which,  fince  its  °^  '^^"' 

•I  •  .      power. 

commencement,  had  ftirred  London  and    its 
adjacent  counties  to  their  depths,  and  already  had 
determined  finally  the  queftion  of  the  fafety  of 
Parliament   againft  the  King.      Though    the 
Committee    made    arrangements    and    iflued 
orders  as  having    no    longer    any  fear,  they  Triumph 
could  have  formed   but   little  notion    as  yet '^^^'^^""^' 
of  the  charadler  and  kind  of  triumph  where- 
with the  great  mafs  of  the  people  were  pre- 
paring, againft  the  day  of  the  propofed  return  Members 
to  Weftminfter,  to  celebrate   and  glorify  the  ^^^^^ 
men  whom  the  King  fo  recently  had  denounced  back  by 

,  ,  1         1     J  •     the  people. 

as  traitors,  and  on  that  very  day  had  agam 
publicly  outlawed  and  profcribed. 

A  very  ftriking  incident  occurred  before  the 
Committee,  on  this  8th  of  January,  adjourned. 
Word  was  brought  to  them  that   the  King,  Propofal 
attended  by  certain  members  of  the  Houfe  of  ?o  attend 
Lords,  propofed  to  come  in  perfon  on  Monday  Com- 
next  to  the   Committee.      It  was  probably  a 
mere  threat,  thrown  out  in  the  hope   that  it 
might  compel  abandonment  of  the  propofed 
public  appearance  of  the  accufed  members  on 
that  day.   But,  whether  really  or  only  colourably 
entertained,  the  Committee,  with  confummate 
calmnefs  and  good  tafte,  intimated  their  readi- 
nefs  to  give  dutiful  welcome  to  fuch  a  vifit,  its  recep- 
by  the  degree  of  preparation  they  would  make 


338  Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 

Due  re-     for  it.  '^  Thereupon  they  ordered  the  Captains 

paid.         "  of  the  'Trained  Bands  that  attended  them  as  a 

"  Guard  fhould   take   efpecial   care   that   his 

Way  to     ''  Majefty  and  the  Englifh  nobihty  have  way 

for'KbE-   "  niade  for  them  to  come  in  ;   and  Sir  Ralph 

and  No-    <«  Hopton  and  Mr.  Charles  Price,  who  were 

"  the  King's  fervants,  were  defired  to  fiand  by 

'*  the  Officers  of  the  Guard  to  fee  the  fame 

"  performed^    and  to  fhew  them  fuch  perfons 

*^  as  are  of  the  Englifh  nobility."     Of  courfe 

nothing  more  was  heard  of  a  vifitfrom  the  King. 

§  XXXVI,     Sunday  the  Ninth  of 
January. 

Vifitorsin       SuNDAY,  the  9th  of  January,  faw  groups  of 
Sd''^'^^^*^  ftrange  vifitors  in  the  London  ftreets,  churches, 
chapels,     and  chapels.     The  City  had  become  fuddenly 
and  filently  filled  with  other  than  the  famihar 
faces  of  her  Citizens.    Men  not  known  to  each 
other  but  by  the  purpofe  that  lighted  up  each 
countenance  as  they  met,  men  who  were  com- 
Strangers   P^^^^    flrangcrs,    fays    Lilly,    grafped    hands 
meeting  as  firmly,  and  pafTed  on  without  uttering  a  word. 
A  fettled  and  quiet  determination  everywhere 
iliowed  itfelf.      Large   numbers   had   poured 
Petitioners  into    London   that    morning   with  a  petition, 
for  Pym.    f^gned  by  feveral   thoufands  for  protection  of 
Mr.  Pym.     They  were  chiefly  of  the  citizen 
and  merchant  clafs,  but  in  attendance  upon 
them  were  thickly  gathering  crowds  of  appren- 
tices and  artizans.     Four  thoufand  fquires  and 


§  XXXVI.     Sunday  the  Ninth  of  January.  339 

freeholders    had    ridden    up   yefterday    from  Petitioners 
Buckinghamfhire  to  protect  their  beloved  re-  dTn.  ^'"^ 
prefentative :     fubftantial    farmers  and  fturdy 
yeomen,  born  and  bred  within  the  fhadow  of 
Hampden's    beeches ;    gentlemen    of  landed 
eftate,  who  had  feledled  him  to  obtain  redrefs 
for  their  wrongs :    the  fame,  who,  but  a  few 
weeks  before  the  afTembling  of  this  parliament, 
had  in  great  numbers  preferred  imprifonment 
to   a  timorous  compliance  with  unjuft  levies 
of  coat  and  condudt  money    in  their  feveral 
fliires.     They  are  here  now  to  live  or  die  with 
Mr.  Hampden ;  to  offer  fervice  to  the  Com- 
mons ;  refpedfully  to  petition  the  King.  And 
from  many  a  pulpit  ifTued  forth,  on  this  mem- 
orable   Sunday,  the   folemn  greeting  of  the 
great  city  to  her  welcome  vifitors.     *^  We  did 
"  hear  feveral  moft   favoury  difcourfes  out  of  Savoury 
"the   hundred   and    twenty-fecond    Pfalm." 
The  noble  old  words  bring  back  the  fervour 
of  the  true  faith,  the  belief  in  God  and  His 
word,  the   ftern   and    indomitable   refolution, 
which  charaderifed  this  grand  time.     "  Our  122nd 
'^  feet  fhall  ftand  within  thy  gates,  O  Jerufalem !     ^  '"* 
"  Jerufalem  is  builded  as  a  city  that  is  compadt 
"  together :  whither  the  tribes  go  up,  the  tribes 
"  of  the  Lord  unto  the  teftimony  of  Ifrael,  to 
'*  give  thanks  unto  the  name  of  the  Lord.  .  .  .  Text 
"  Pray  for  the  peace  of  Jerufalem  :  they  fhall  ^/^^^^^^ 
"  profper  that  love  thee  !    Peace  be  within  thy 

"  walls,  and  profperity  within  thy  palaces  !" 

z  2 


340  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

%  XXXVII.     Preparations  for  the 
Triumph. 

Monday        It  was  nearly  ten  on  the  following  morning 
lot  jan^:  ^\^^^  ^^  proceedings  of  the  Committee  were 
refumed.     The  Committee  men  had  found  it 
Laftfitting  no    eafy    matter    to    get   to   their  places  ;   fo 
cers' Hall  thronged  were  the  narrow  ways  of  the  Poultry, 
and  fo  difficult  the  approach  to  the  magnificent 
old    Hall    which    the    wealthy    Company    of 
Grocers  had  placed  at  their  difpofal.   For,  this 
was  the  day  when  the  accufed  members  were 
publicly   to  refume  their  feats  by  the  fide  of 
Crowds     their   colleagues,    and    denfe   crowds    of  the 
people  had  afTembled  to  give  them  welcome  as 
they  pafTed   in  from  Coleman  Street.     When 
D'Ewes  entered,    Glyn  had    been    explaining 
the   condudl   of  the   Roman    Catholic   Lord 
Herbert,  in  a  matter  which  fhowed  his  loyalty 
to  the  Houfe  ;  and  this  elicited  from  all  fides 
Speeches    (the   Puritan    Sir   Simonds   himfelf  chiming 
and  Pen-    heartily  in  with  it)  an  expreffion  of  gratitude 
nington.    and    refped.       Alderman    Pennington    then 
rofe   to    make    a    communication    refpefting 
the  Tower ;  and  what  he  had  to  relate  con- 
firmed  the   alarms    of   the   week    preceding, 
Sufpefted  and  eflablifhed  the  fad:  of  interferences  with 

tamper-  i  i     i    r  r      \  n    • 

ings  at  the  the  guard  and  defence  of  that  all- important 

Tower,      fortrefs,  in  dired  oppofition  to  the  orders  of 

the  two  Houfes.     The  hamleteers,  who  adled 

ordinarily  as  warders,  had  been  difcharged,  and 


§  XXXVII.     Preparations  for  the  Triumph.  341 

were  not  fufFered  to  re-enter ;  while  others  had 
been  introduced  in  their  place.     The  body  of 
canoneers,  upwards  of  forty  in  number,  whofe 
refidence  was  outfide  the  walls,  had  been  or- 
dered to  take  up  refidence  within  ;  a  company 
of  carbineers  had  joined  them  ;  and,  adling  with  Evidence 
thefe,  there  were  now  fome  forty  or  fifty  re-  °      "^^^' 
tainers  of  the  accufed  Bifliops :   all  difaffedted 
to  the  Houfe.     Several  of  the  old  hamleteers, 
being  called  in,  depofed  alfo  to  a6ls  of  the  new 
Governor  having  a  drift  entirely  oppofed  to 
the  refolutions  of  Parliament.     The  carbineers 
had  been  introduced  fecretly ;  within  the  pafl: 
two  days,  confiderable  numbers  of  "  cavaliers  "  "  Cava- 

.  •  liers " 

had  been  permitted  to  pafs  in  and  out ;  unufual 
quantities  of  ammunition  were  in  fl:ore  ;  and 
the  flood  was  kept  in  the  moat.     A  fub-com-  Sub-com- 
mittee  was  appointed,   therefore,   to  examine  ™'j"J^j^P" 
further  ;  and  diredion  was  ifliied  for  the  attend-  and  Byron 

r  r"      T    I        T»  fummon- 

ance  or  bir  John  Joyron.  ed. 

Then  rofe  Sir  Henry  Ludlow,  the  member 
for    Wiltftiire,   father    of    the   more   famous 
Edmund  (who  upon  Sir  Henry's  death  in  1644 
fucceeded  him    in  the   reprefentation   of  his 
county),  and  fubmitted  a  vote  to  be  pafl'ed  by 
the  Committee,   and  reported  to  the  Houfe, 
declaring  it   to  have  been  a  traitorous   con- 
fpiracy    in    Sir   William    Killegrew    and    Sir  Motion 
William    Fleming    to  publifli   to   the    Four  KiTiegrew 
Inns   of  Court   a    fcandalous    paper    againfl:  ^"'i  ^^^m- 
Five  Members  of  the  Commons.     But  this 


34^  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

Modera-    refolutiorij    fays    D'Ewes,  in   a   paflage  that 
Q^_        exhibits  charaderiftically  the  prevailing  defire 
mittee.      to  avoid  all  intemperance  of  expreffion,  had  to 
be  "  referred  to  Mr.  Glyn  and  fome  others  to 
"  put  into  form,  becaufe  it  was  very  long,  and 
Violent      "  [contained]    too   high  expreflions   of  fome 
(Tfl^k^cf^    "  cruel  and  bloody  intentions  in  the  faid  Sir 
"  William  Killegrew  and  Sir  William  Fleming." 
Soon  the  fub-committee  returned,  and  the  fub- 
joined  refolutions  were  put.     The  wifh  feems 
to  have  been  that  all  the  votes  having  dired: 
perfonal  reference  to   the  outrage  committed 
on  the  Five  Members,  fhould  be  taken  before 
their  appearance  among  the  Committee ;   and 
that  what  was  referved  for  fettlement  on  their 
arrival  jfhould  be  (imply  the  order  of  proce- 
dure for  the  Return  to  Weftminfter  next  day. 
Refolu-         The  Chairman  rofe,  and  read  from  the  paper 
difTed'and  banded  to  him  :   That  the  publifhing  of  feveral 
paffed.       articles  purporting  to  form  a  charge  of  High 
Treafon  againft  certain  Gentlemen,  members 
of  this  Houfe,  by  Sir  William  Killegrew,  Sir 
William  Fleming,  and  others  (in  the  Inns  of 
Court  and  elfewhere,  were  afterwards  inferted), 
Againft     was  a  high  breach  of  the  privilege  of  Parlia- 
the"^i'd°"  "^^"tj  a  feditious  ad    malicioufly   (fo  written 
and  4th.    in  miftake  for  manifeftly)  tending  to  the  fub- 
verfion  of  the  peace  of  the  kingdom,  and  an 
injury  and  difhonour  to  the  faid    members, 
there    being    no    legal   charge    or    accufation 
againft  them. 


§  XXXVII.     Preparations  for  the  Triumph.  343 

Further,  the  Chairman  read  :  That  the  pri-  Againft 
vileges  of  Parliament,  and  liberties  of  the  fub-  fdiors. 
jed,  fo   broken,  could  not  be  fully  vindicated 
u.nlefs  the  King  would  difcover  who  advifed 
him  to  the  fealing  up  of  chambers,  ftudies, 
and  trunks  of  faid  members,  the  fending  a 
ferjeant  to  the  Houfe  to  demand  them,  and 
coming  in  his  own  perfon  to  Parliament  to 
apprehend  them,  to   the   end  that  fuch  evil 
counfellors  might  receive  exemplary  punifh- 
ment. — But  as   thefe  words  were  read,  feveral  Againft 
members  fuggefted  the  neceflity  of  allufion  to  tions 
the  warrants  under  the  King's  hand  ;  and  the  lAu^^^- 
fadt  of  the  appearance  of  Serjeant  Dandie  and 
his  company  in  the  City,  for  the  declared  pur- 
pofe  of  feizing  the  accufed,  together  with  the 
fimultaneous  appearance  of  the  Proclamation 
threatening  penalties  of  the  law  againft  all  who 
fhould  be  difcovered  entertaining,  lodging,  har- 
bouring, or  converfing  with  them,  became  the 
fubje(5t  of  excited  converfation   and   difpute. 
In  the  end,   the  words  "  and  to  iflue  feveral  Againft 
"warrants  under  his  Majefty's  own  hand  to  under"  ^' 
"  apprehend  the  faid  members"*  were  inferted  king's 
in  the  firft  refolution,  and  the  vote  was  made 
to  comprife  this  addition  :  And  that  it  was 
lawful  for  all  perfons  whatever  to  entertain, 
lodge,  harbour,   or  converfe  with,  thofe  five 
gentlemen,   and    that   whofoever   fhould    be 

*  Interlineations  of  the  votes  as  originally  put,  appear  in 
Sir  Ralph  Verney's  Notes,  141,  142. 


344  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members, 

queftioned  for  the  fame  was,  andfhouldbe,  under 
the  protedlion  and  privilege  of  Parliament. 
Speech  by       Before  the  votes  finally  pafTed,  a  fomewhat 
remarkable  fpeech  was  made  by  Maynard,  who 
fat  for  Totnefs.     This  was  the  fame  able  and 
unfcrupulous  lawyer  who,  adling  clofely  by  the 
Hisfellow-  fide  of  Glyn  throughout  this  great  bufinefs, 
G^JyiT*      as  a  flickler  for  the  rights  of  Parliament  and  the 
people,  confented  afterwards,  with  Glyn,  to  do 
the  dirty  work  of  the  Refloration  ;  had  the  In- 
exprefTible  baf^nefs  to  join  with  him  in  con- 
ducing  the   profecution    againfl    Vane ;    and 
moft  juflly  drew  down  upon  himfelf  and  his 
afTociate,  even  during  the  orgies  of  the  opening 
Remem-    of  Charles  the  Second's  reign,  contempt   and 
thrRefto-  tiatred  from  the  common  people  and  citizens, 
ration.       who  had  not,  through  all  that  interval  of  nearly 
twenty  years,  forgotten  thefe  their  old  high- 
flying   efforts     in    behalf  of    popular    rights 
againfl  Court  and  King.* 

For  the  prefent,  however,  it  is  to  be  ad- 
mitted, in  juflice  to  the  member  for  Totnefs, 

Mr.Pepys'       *  "  BlefTed  be  God,"  fays  Pepys,  devoutly,  at  the  clofe  of 

political      the  long  entry  in  his  Diary   (i.  179,   180,  ed.  1854)   of  the 

rogues.        23rd  April,  166 1,  in  which  he  has  been  defcribing  Charles 

the  Second's  Coronation,  "  I  have  not  heard  of  any  mifchance 

"  to  anybody  thro'  it  all,  but  only  to  Serjeant  Glyn,  whofe 

"  horfe  fell  upon  him  yefterday,  and  is  like  to  kill  him,  which 

"  people  do  pleafe   themfelves   to  fee  how   :uft   God  is  to 

Popular      "  punifli  the  rogue  at  luch  a  time  as  this  :  he  being  now  one 

view  of        "  ^'^  ^'^^   King's  Serjeants,  and  rode   in  the    Cavalcade  with 

them.  "  Maynard,  to  whom   people  wifh  the  fame  fortune."     And 

who  will  not  remember  Butler's  immortal  couplet  ? 

"  Did  not  the  learned  Glyn  and  Maynard 
To  make  good  fubjefts  traitors,  ftrain  hard  ?" 


§  XXXVII.     Preparations  for  the 'Trhimph.  345 

that  he  fpoke  forcibly,  and  drove  the  particu- 
lar queftions  home.     After  enlarging,  in  the  ^^^J^j^^^^"^ 
manner  of   the  time,   upon  the  nature  of  a  parlia- 
Parliament,  and  its  fovereignty  in  difcovering  ™^'^*^ ' 
and  curing  all  difeafes  in  a  Commonwealth ; 
after  avowing  his  confident  belief  that  the  long 
intermiflion  of  thofe  affemblies  had  been  the 
fole  caufe  of  all  the  evils  and  troubles  that  had 
happened  to  his  Majefty's  kingdoms  ;  he  faid 
that   the   worthy    gentleman   below  him,  in- 
dicating the  member  for  Colchefter,  had,  on  a 
previous     day,    exprefled    in    very    pregnant 
terms  the  one  great  privilege  of  Parliament  to 
which  every  other  fubferved.     This  was,  Not  their 

1  n  •  1  r   \     r  •        privileges: 

to  be  queltioned  or  acculed,  tor  or  concernmg 
any  vote,   argument,   or  difpute,  during   free 
fitting  as  the  people's  reprefentatives,  either  in 
the  continuance  of  a  Parliament,  or  after  the  fame 
might  be  diflblved  or  broken  off,  either  legally 
or  illegally.     Applying  which  to  the  tranfac- 
tions  of  the  3rd  and  4th,  he  would  fay  that  no  the 
greater  breach   could  be  committed  than    to  arreft?  ^ 
accufe  of  High  Treafon  five  members  of  that 
Houfe  during  the  continuance  of  its  fittings, 
for  and  on  account  of  matters  debated  on  and 
done  in  the  Houfe,  in  their  charader  of  mem- 
bers thereof ;  and  then,  upon  fuch  accufation, 
to    proceed    to    break    open    their    chambers,  and  the 
trunks,  and  ftudies,  and  feize  upon  their  books  fJJzures! 
and  writings. 

For  if,  faid  this  ikilful  and  popular  fpeaker. 


34^  Arr eft  of  the  Five  Members. 

All  public  if  to  be  queftioned  for  free  debating  or  argu- 

bufinefsin  .         .      -.^,.  ,  ,        .°      .    .,° 

peril.         ing  in  Parliament  were  no  breach  or  privilege, 
then  could  they  not  fafely  intermeddle  with  or 
agitate   any   bufinefs    whatfoever,    concerning 
either  Church  or  State,   but  what  fhould  be 
appointed  and  nominated   by  his  Majefty  and 
his  Privy  Council.     And  further,  if,  for  things 
done  in  the  Houfe,  if,  repeated  Maynard,  amid 
"Well      cries  of  "very   well  moved,"  for  things  ex- 
preflly  done  therein,  freely  chofen  members  of 
that  Houfe  might  be  accufed  of  treafon,  then 
would  it  be  dangerous  longer  to  fit  in  Parlia- 
ment  upon   any  bufinefs  of  diforders  in  the 
State  and  grievances  to  the  fubjeft,  committed 
or  done  by  great  perfonages,   fuch  as   Lords 
and  BIfhops  ;  feeing  that  thefe  might  at  any 
Lords  and  time,   by  their  fubtle  inventions,    induce   his 
uncon-  *     Majefly  to  favour  their  adions,  by  merely  pre- 
trolled.      tending  to  uphold  his  honour,  maintain  his  pre- 
rogative, fupport  his  royal  power,  and  the  like. 
And  finally  he  had  to  fay  that  if  upon  any 
fuch   accufation,    the    chambers,    trunks,    and 
ftudies    of  fuch  accufed    members  might   be 
broken  open,  and  their  writings  feized  upon, 
then  would  it  altogether  difcourage  any  man  to 
undertake    any    fervice  for  the   good   of  his 
country,    who    fhould    fo    perceive   that  he 
might  at  pleafure  be  bereaved  of  fuch  means  ' 
Men  of     and  helps  as  alone  enabled  and  rendered  him 
abled. ' '   ^^    for   duties    to   the   Commonwealth.     He 
was  for  thofe  reafons,  therefore,  favorable  to  the 


§  XXXVII.     Preparations  for  the  Triumph.  347 

votes  then  fubmitted,  and  to  a  declaration  to 
be  drawn  up  from  the  fame  for  the  informa- 
tion and  encouragement  of  all  loyal  fubjedls. 

The   refolutions   had  fcarcely  been  voted, 
when  a  commotion  outfide  the  Hall  gave  notice  Agitation 
of  fome  frefh  excitement,  and  it  was  announced 
that  a  very  numerous  deputation  of  failors  and 
mariners,  mafters  and  officers  of  fhips,  bring- 
ing with  them  a  petition  figned  on  the  fudden  Petition  of 
by  more  than  a  thoufand  hands,  had  come  to  ^^'^°'^- 
proffer  their  fervices,  in  D'Ewes's  phrafe,  "  to 
"  be  with  us  tomorrow,  to  defend  the  Parlia- 
*'  ment  by    water  with   mufkets   and   other 
*'  amunition  in   feveral   veflels ;    which   was 
"  accepted  by  us,"  and  all  needful  orders  made  Services  of 
in  rektion  thereto.*    Permiffion  was  given,  for  accepted, 
example,  that  all  the  veflels  fhould  be  fitted 
with  artillery,  provifo  being  made  that  no  com- 
mand  for  firing,   fave  in  the  way  of  falute, 
fhould  be  given  that  day,  unlefs  "  the  King 
"  and  Parliament "   fhould   be   firfl   afl;*ailed. 
Order  was  alfo  drawn  up  for  the  place  of  ren-  To  meet 
dezvous.     To  take  advantage  of  the  tide,  and  corning : 
that  the  whole  fleet  might  come  through  bridge 
together,  they  were  "  to  meet  at  the  Hermi-  at  the 
"  tage  at  3  next  morning."     All  which  being  Hermit- 

*  Harl.    MSS.   162,    f.  309  b.     Rufhworth,  In  his  brief  p'Eyy^es 
allufion  to  thefe  occurrences  {Coll.  III.  i.  453),  fays   that  it  niore  cor- 
was  on  Saturday  both  the  feamen  and  the  apprentices  attended  ^^^  ^2ci\ 
to  proffer  their  fervice  :    but  D'Ewes,   who   reports  all  the  Rufh- 
details,  is  of  courfe  to  be  preferred   as  a  witnefs,  and  he  is  worth, 
entirely  fupported  by  Sir  Ralph  Verney's  brief  record,  Notes, 
14.1-2. 


34^  Arrejl  of  the  Five  Members. 


The 

'*  water 


fettled,   away  went  the   "  water-rats,"  as  the 
rats."        King  bitterly  called  them,  when,   hearing  this 
day  of  their  proffer  fo  to  guard  the  Commons 
back  to  their  home  at  Weftminfter,   he  felt 
himfelf  weaker  by  one  defertion  more,  and  faw 
that  his  mariners  and  feamen  had  gone  over 
to  his  enemies. 
The  Five       But  now  came  fhouts  from  without  far  ex- 
approach,  ceeding  any  that  had  yet  been  heard,  and  the 
Five  Members  were  known  to  be  approaching. 
Enter  and  They  entered   amid    what   D'Ewes  calls  the 
'  "  welcome  of  many,"  and  took  their  places  "  in 
"  among  us."      He  remarks  in  what  order 
they   entered,    Hollis    and   Hafelrig,    Pym, 
Hampden,  and  Strode ;  and  the  imagination 
fupplies  all  that  his  fimple  expreflion  includes. 
Greeting,  of  the  heartfelt  fympathy  that  greeted  them, 
and  of  the  determination  of  the  Committee  to 
make  common  caufe  with  colleagues  branded  as 
traitors,  whofe  only  title  to   that  vengeance  of 
the  Court  had  been  the  extent  of  their  fervice 
to  the   Houfe  of  Commons  and  the  people. 
When  they  had  taken  their  feats,  it  was  found 
that  cries  and  prefTure  ftill  fo  increafed  from 
without  that  it  was  expedient  to  call  in  a  cer- 
tain number  as  fpokefmen  for  the  great  mafs  of 
the  common  people  and  apprentices,  who  were 
OfFers       faid  to  be  thronging  round  the  doors.     They 
coTmon    e^'^tered  accordingly,  and,   fays  D'Ewes,   '■'■  in 
people.      "  their  own  names  and  in  the  names  of  all  the 
"  reft    defired   to    guard   the    Parliament    to- 


§  XXXVII.     Preparations  for  the  Triumph.  349 

"  morrow.    Whereto  Serjeant  Wilde,  by  order 

"  from  and  in  the  name  of  the  Committee, 

"  gave  them  hearty  thanks  for  their  prefent  offer  Thanked 

*  ^  and  former  care  and  readinefs  to  guard  the  ^X  ^°'"" 

°  mittee. 

"  Parhament,  wherein  many  of  them  had  been 
"  wounded.  For  this  the  Committee  hoped 
"  to  fee  them  have  redrefs  in  due  time :  but 
"  defired  them  to  keep  at  home  to-morrow  for 
*'  the  guard  of  the  City,  whilft  their  mafters 
^^  did  guard  up  at  the  Parhament:  and  that 
"  whenfoever  we  had  occafion  to  ufe  them, 
"  they  fhould  have  notice  from  us.  One  of 
"  them  anfwered  for  the  reft  that  they  would 
'^  obey  our  command,  and  fo  departed." 

Still  another  group  from  thofe  eager  crowds  offers 
without,  however,  had  by  this  time  forced  its  s™™h- 
way  into  the  outer  pafTages  of  the  Hall,  and  a  ^ark 
paufe  had  to  be  made  for   its  reception  in  the  Bands, 
committee  room.     "  Divers,"  fays  D'Ewes, 
"  of  the  borough  of  South wark   then    came 
"  and  offered  the  afliftance  of  their  Trained 
"  Bands  to  us  to-morrow,  to  come  and  be  our 
"  guard  at  Weftminfter.     We  told  them  that 
"  we  hoped  the  City  of  London  would  take 
'  ^  care  for  our  guard  :  but  accepted  their  offer  Accepted, 
"  with  thanks,  and  defired  them  to  be  in  thef"!*'^.^'' 

•*  _  to  be  in 

"  fields  about  Lambeth  and  in  South  wark  in  arms. 
"  their  arms."* 

Sir  John  Clotworthy  now  rofe,   and   per- 

•  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  313  b.  I  may  take  this  opportunity 
of  faying  that  the  entire  proceedings  of  this  Monday  the  loth 
January  are  comprifed  within  ff.  312  a,  and  313  b. 


350  .      Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

Proteaion  formed   the   great   fervice  of  the   day.     He 
Com-  "     reported  the  heads  of  the  various  refolutions 
raittee.       which  the  Sub-Committee  named  at  the  pre- 
ceding fitting  had  fettled  with  the  Committee 
of  the  Common  Council  of  London  appointed 
to   confer  with    them,  for    provifion    of    the 
Arrange-  Military  Guard  to  accompany  the  Five  Mem- 
Tuefday's  bers  on  their  return  to  Weftminfter  on  the 
guard.       morrow.      This  was  the  true  pledge  of  v/el- 
come  which  the  Houfe  and  the  City  had  been 
all  thefe  days  preparing,   and  by  which  they 
became  bound,  in  penalties   of  treafon   they 
would    hardly    themfelves   have    queflioned, 
irrevoca-  never   to  recede  from  the  conflidl  now  pro- 
^^"     voiced  until  a  vidory  was  won.     Each  article 
of  the   refolutions    was  put    feparately,    and 
a  vote  taken  upon  it :   not  without  refiftance 
from  fome  who    were   prefent  (among  them 
Hopton  and  Price,  and  Sir  Edward  Bering ; 
what  tone   was  taken  either   by   Falkland  or 
Culpeper   is   not   afcertainable),    but   with    a 
quiet  and  ftern  determination  on  the  part  of 
the  great  majority,  as  fully  confcious  of  the 
refponfibillties  incurred.     "  It  was  really  trea- 
Raifing      "  fon,"  exclaimed  Philip  Warwick,*  "for  them 
without     "  ^°  march  without  the  King's  commiffion." 
commif-     If  it  were  in  ftridnefs  fo,   then  fo  let  it  be  : 
they  believed  indeed  otherwife,  and  that,  even 
by  royalift  theories  of  the  conftitution,  to  fecure 
the  fafety  of  the  Parliament  and  Kingdom  was 

*  Memoirs i  226,  ed.  18 13. 


§  XXXVII.     Preparations  for  the  Triumph.  2S 

to  provide  for  the  fafety  of  the  King  :   but  to 
the  courfe  they  were  now  taking,  whatever  it 
might  involve,  they  had   been  driven  in  flieer  Refolu- 
felf-defence  by  their  aflailant.  voted : 

The  firft  refolution*  was,  that  it  had  become  Firft. 
neceflary  to  have  a  fufficient  guard  provided 
for   the   fafety  of  the   King,  Kingdom,  and 
Parliament.     The   fecond,    that   fuch    guard  Second, 
fhould  be  raifed  out  of  the  City  and  the  parts 
adjacent.      The  third,    that   eight   companies  Third, 
fhould  be  appointed  for  to-morrow's  guard,  to 
aflemble  at  eight  o'clock,  under  the  command 
of  Captain  Skippon.   The  fourth,  that  Skippon  Fourth, 
fhould  receive  rank  as  Serjeant  Major  General 
of  the  City  Forces,  until  the   City  ordered  it 
otherwife ;  and  that  all  the  officers  and  men 
who  fhould  be  of  the  Guard  ferving  under 
him,  were  to  take  the  Proteftationf  before  they 
marched.    The  fifth,  that  eight  pieces  of  ord-  Fifth, 
nance,  with  all  accoutrements  belonging  thereto, 

*  Thefe  all  important  votes  are  now  for  the  firft  time  fet 
down  as  they  were  paffed.     A  copy  of  them  is  in  Verney's  Vemey's 
Notes  (14.2-3),  but  lels  correft  than  that  of  D'Ewes  ;  and  fo  miftak.es. 
unfamiliar  ftill  was  the  name  very  famous  afterwards,  that 
"  Skipworth  "  is  written  in  every  inftance  by  Verney,  inftead 
of  Skippon.     D'Ewes  gives  the  right  name, 

f  For  the  terms  of  the  Proteftation,  fee  RufJiivorth,  III.  i. 
241.  And  for  the  names  fubfcribed  to  it  of  the  members  of 
the  Commons  (between  4  and  500)  and  the  Lords  (numbering 
with  the  judges  and  lawyers  106),  Ibid.  244-8.  The  oath  The  Pro- 
taken  included  a  folemn  profeflion  of  determination  to  main-  teftation. 
tain  "  the  true  Reformed  Proteftant  Religion,  exprefted  in  the 
"  Do6lrine  of  the  Church  of  England,  againft  all  popery 
"  and  popifh  innovation  within  this  realm,  and  alfo  the 
"  power  and  privilege  of  parliaments,  and  the  lawful  rights 
"  and  liberties  of  the  fubje6ts." 


352  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

fhould  accompany  the  Guard ;  and  that  all  the 
Trained  Bands  were  to  be  at  their  colours,  under 

Sixth.  Skippon's  command.  The  fixth,  that  Serjeant 
Major  General  Skippon  fhould  not  fail  to 
perform  what  was  ordered  that  day;  and  that, 
until  fuch  fervices  were  ended,  he  was  not  to 
ftir  upon  any  command  or  countermand  what- 
ever,   without    confent    and    direftion   from 

Seventh,  parliament.  The  feventh,  that  Skippon 
and  his  force  were  declared  to  have  power, 
fhould   violence    be    offered,    to    offend    and 

Eighth,  defend.  The  eighth,  that  all  Captains  were 
to  receive  order  to  beat  drum,  de  die  in  diem, 
from  Skippon  himfelf;  and  that  all  foldiers 
fhould  repair  to   their  colours  in  arms.      The 

Ninth,  ninth,  that  all  citizens  who  might  be  difpofed 
to  mount  themfelves  fhould  likewife  be  com- 
manded by  Skippon,  and   that  fuch  would  be 

Tenth,  held  as  a  moft  acceptable  fervice.  The  tenth, 
that  all  ammunition  neceffary  fhould  be  pro- 
vided out  of  the  Chamber  of  London.     The 

Eleventh,  eleventh,  that  the  Common  Council  Committee 
were  to  be  confidered  free  from  all  commands 
and  arrefts,  and  that  they  fhould  not,  until 
further   leave    obtained    from    the    Houfe  of 

Twelfth.  Commons,  flir  out  of  the  City.  The  twelfth, 
and  laft  Refolution,  declared  that  all  this  fervice 
in  general,  as  well  as  in  every  particular,  fhould 
be  held  good  and  acceptable  fervice,  and  legal ; 
and  that  it  fhould  be  accounted  to  be  for  the 
fafety  of  the  King,  Kingdom,  and  Parliament. 


§  XXXVII.     Preparations  for  the  Triumph.  353 

Thefe  votes  having  been  taken  feparately, 
Hampden  was  the  firft   to  break  the  filence  Hampden 
which  the  Five  Members  had  obferved  fince  ^P'^^'^^- 
they    refumed    their   feats.     He   thanked  the 
Committee  for  his  friends  and  himfelf,  craving 
their  good  counfel  as  to  a  matter  it  behoved 
him  to  lay  before  them.     "  Divers  thoufands  will  you 
"  were  coming  out  of  Buckinghamfhire  with  '^"^Y^  ^Y 
**  a    petition.     The   petition   was  to  declare  ents? 
"  their  readinefs  to  live  and  die  with  the  Par- 
"  liament,  and  in  defence  of  the  rights  of  the 
"  Houfe  of  Commons.     He  had  to  ftate  that 
"  they  came  in  a  peaceable  manner,  and  that 
"  he  thought  it  his  duty  to  acquaint  the  Com-  4000  from 
"  mittee  therewith."*    Upon  this,  however,  the  "^'''^^^* 
Royalift  members  prefent  appear  to  have  offered 
a  refiftance  hardier  than  any  by  which  the  Refo- 
lutions  were  met.     Very  many,  D'Ewes  in- 
forms us,  fpoke  to  what  Mr.  Hampden  had 
faid ;  and  feveral  would   have   had   the  men 
coming  out  of  Buckinghamihire  fent  unto  to  Better  go 
have  returned  thither.     But  this  of  courfe  was  ^^^^  ^ 

*  The  numbers  of  Hampden's  petitioners  are  very  varioufly  What 
ftated.      *'  As  foon,"  fays  Clarendon,   fpeaking  of  the  day  number 
following  the  prefent,   "  as  the  citizens  and  mariners  were  from 
'•  difcharged,  fome  Buckinghamihire  men,  who  were  faid  to  Bucks? 
"be   at   door  with  a  petition,  and  had  indeed  waited  upon 
•'  the  triumph  with  a  train  of  four  thoufand  men,  were  called 
"  in  :  who  delivered  their  petition  in  the  name  of  the  inhabi-  Hyde. 
"  tants   of  the  County    of  Buckingham,    and   faid    it  was  Dering. 
"  brought  to  the  town  by  about  fix  thoufand  men."     ii.  166. 
Dering,  in  the  fame  letter  to  his  wife  in  which  he  dates  the 
number  at  five  thoufand,  puts  in  a  parenthefis  his  belief  that  Rufh- 
they  were  not  more  than  two  thoufand.     Rulhworth  (iii.  i.  worth  and 
4S6)  reckons  them  at  four  thoufand ;  D'Ewes,  at  five  or  fix  D'Ewes. 
thoufand. 


354 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members . 


No :  we 
will  hear 
them. 


War  be- 
ginning. 


Hamp- 
den's atti- 
tude and 
bearing. 


Laft  aas 
of  Com- 
mittee. 


over-ruled.  "  The  greater  fenfe  of  the  Com- 
"  mittee,"  fays  D'Ewes,  "  being  to  let  them 
"  alone,  becaufe  we  did  not  know  fully  the 
"  intent  of  their  coming."  It  was  afterwards 
faid  by  Clarendon  that  only  Mr.  Hampden 
fully  knew  that  ;  that  the  levying  of  war  in 
England  dated  from  the  day  when  thofe 
thoufands  out  of  Buckinghamfhire  were  invited 
to  tender  their  petition  ;  and  that  whatfoever 
afterwards  was  done,  was  but  the  fuper- 
ftrudure  upon  the  foundations  which  that  day 
were  laid.*  The  remark  is  at  leafi:  rendered 
more  intelligible  by  the  pidlure  D'Ewes  has 
given  us  of  Hampden  on  the  eventful  day.  In 
the  very  moment  of  the  paffing  of  refolutions 
claiming  rights  of  the  executive  for  the  Com- 
mons' Houfe  alone,  to  rife  and  diredt  attention 
to  ''thoufands"  of  his  conftituents  who  had 
ridden  up  from  their  county  to  fhow  readinefs, 
if  need  were,  to  die  for  that  Houfe,  difplayed 
at  leaft  the  colleAed  and  determined  fpirit  of 
the  member  for  Buckinghamfhire. f 

Only  two  more  a6ls  of  the  Committee  are 
recorded  by  D'Ewes.  The  firft  was  a  report 
made  from  the  Irifh  Committee  by  Sir  Robert 
Harley,  to  the  effed  that  the  Lord-Lieutenant 
of  Ireland  would,  at  their  fuggeflion,  difable 


*  Bift.  ii.  170. 

t  Whitelock,  in  mentioning  the  arrival  of  thefe  troops  of 
Buckinghamfliire  yeomen  (i- 156),  fays  that  they  brought  up  a 
petition  on  behalf  of  their  knight  of  the  fhire,  "  whereof 
"  probably   he   was   not   altogether   ignorant    beforehand." 


§  XXXVII.     Preparations  for  the  'Trhmph.  355 

from  his  command  Captain  Hide,*  notorious  Captain 

for  his  infolent  demeanour  on  the  day  of  the  ^j^^     ' 

attempted  arreft.    The  fecond  was  their  anfwer 

to   a  meffage    from    the   Lieutenant    of  the 

Tower.     "  A  mefTage,"  fays  D'Ewes,  "  came 

"  from    Sir   John    Byron,    declaring   that  he 

"  heard    there   were    fome    complaints    here  Refufal  to 

"  againfthim:  and  that  he  defired  to  know  J'^";""^  ^'' 

"  them,   that  fo  he   might  make  anfwer  to  Byron's 

"  them.   We  refufed  to  give  his  meffenger  any 

*'  anfwer,  becaufe  he  took  notice  of  what  had 

"  been  ad:ed  here,  and  did  not  apply  himfelf 

**  to  anfwer  by  petition. "f    With  which  cha- 

Why  ftiould  he  have  been  ?     The  fame  imputation  is  repeated  Hamp- 
with  addition,  in  a  Royalift  Satire  (Jpeech  againji  Peace  at  den's  ftiare 
the  Clofe  Committee).  in  Backs 

petition. 
Did  I  for  this  my  county  bring 
To  help  their  knight  againft  their  king, 

And  raife  the  firft  fedition  ? 
Though  I  the  bufinefs  did  decline. 
Yet  I  contrived  the  whole  defign, 
And  fent  them  their  Petition. 

A  paflage  from  the  Petition  will  be  quoted  ftiortly,  and  it 
certainly  bears  throughout  the  Hampden  mark  very  vifibly 
ftamped  upon  it.  But  the  charge  implied  is,  that  though  he  Falfe 
appeared  to  "  decline  "  the  fervices  of  his  friends,  he  had  charge, 
really  in  fecret  '*  contrived  "  them.  It  is  the  old  accufation : 
and  I  name  it  here  that  the  reader  may  fee,  by  Hampden's 
open  and  frank  avowal  before  the  Committee  itfelf,  how 
gcoundlefs  it  is. 

*  See  Ante  185.     Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  313  b.     D'Ewes's  Captain 
exaft  expreffion  is :  "that  the   Lord  Lieutenant  would  put  Hide. 
"  out  Capt.  Hide  as  we  had  defired,  and  that  he  would  fend 
"  fuch  lifts  of  the  officers  as  we  had  defired." 

f  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  313  b.     The  refult  finally  was,  that  New  lieu- 
Sir  John  Byron  was  difplaced,  and  Sir  John  Coniers,  the  fame  tenant  of 
who  was  feie6led  by  Strafford  for  the  defence  of  Berwick,  and  the  Tower, 
whom  Clarendon  (in  a  paffage  of  hisHiftory,  ii.  172,  fuppreffed 
by  his  fons)  admits  the  King  had  no  other  exception  to  than 

AA  2 


2S^  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

3  p-m.  raderiftic  alTertion  of  having  maintained  unim- 
a^.  """  paired  the  full  plenitude  of  power  with  which 
Clofe  of    ^j^g  Houfe  had  invefted  them,  this  famous  Com- 

Commit-  .  ^     r  T-xjT- 

tee.  mitee  brought  its  fittmgs  to  a  clofe.    D  Ewes 

ihut  up  his  note  book  and  quitted  the  Hall  a 
little  after  3  o'clock. 

§  XXXVIII.     Flight  of  the  King. 
3  p.m.  At  almoft  the  fame  hour  when  the  member 

ary.  Pro-  ^^^  Sudbury  was  leaving  the  Committee  room 
pofed        in    the   afternoon   of  Monday   the    loth   of 
King.       January,    Charles   the  Firft   had  formed  the 
determination  to  quit  Whitehall. 

As  the  incidents  of  that  laft  fitting  of  the 

Committee  were    communicated   to   him,    by 

meflengers  who  pafTed  to  and  fro  between  the 

City  and  the  Palace,  in  vain  he  had  attempted 

Acts  of     to  fupprefs  his  agitation.       To  an  obftinate 

teeToTcl  "to  incredulity  had  fucceeded  a  difmay  and  bewilder- 

Charles.     ment  the  moft    extreme,   and   long   did   his 

partifans  remember  the  forrowful  humiliations 

of  this   day.     It    was,    fays    Clarendon,   the 

trouble  and  agony  which  ufually  attend  gene- 

Confefled    that  he  was  recommended  by  them,  was  named  Lieutenant  in 

ufurpa-        his  ftead.     The  Houfe  did  not  affefl  to  difguife  from  them- 

tions.  felves  the   real  drift  and  tendency  of  thefe  interferences  with 

the  executive.      Clarendon  charafterifes  their  orders  as  to  the 

Tower  as  "  an  aft  of  fovereignty  even  of  as  high  a  nature 

**  as  any  they  have  fmce  ventured  upon."  ii.  173.     And  fub- 

ftantially  they  did  not  themfelves  deny  this  :  but,  according  to 

D'Ewes,  it  was  rendered  abfolutely  neceffary  "in  regard  of 

Why  ne-     "  the  great  jealoufies  and  diftra6tions  of  London,  the  citizens 

celTary.        "  everywhere  fhutting  up  their  (hops  and  giving  over  trade" 

in  confequence  of  the  infecurity  of  the  Tower. 


§  XXXVIII.     Flight  of  the  King.  357 

rous    and    magnanimous    minds    upon    their 
having  committed  errors.     It  was,  fays  a  lefsHistrou- 
partial  critic,  the  defpicable  repentance  which  ^\^^y^ 
attends  the  man,  who,  having  attempted  to 
commit  a  crime,  finds  that  he  has  only  com- 
mitted a  folly. 

His  refolve  at  laft  was  taken  fuddenly.     He  Takes 
might  have  liftened,  comparatively  unmoved,  foive!"  '^^' 
to  the  intelligence  that  the  ftreets  of  his  city 
were  crowded  with  freeholders  and  yeomen  of 
Bucks,  who  had  ridden  up  by  "  thoufands"  to  Crowds 
defend    their    reprefentative    Mr.    Hampden.  ^^^   ^™^' 
He  might  have  heard  in  fullen  filence,  if  not 
indifference,     that    fuch    a    gathering    of  the 
common  people  as  had  not  been  witnefled  fince 
the  day  of  Strafford's  execution,  were  about  to 
furround  Whitehall  with  a  petition  to  defend  For  Pym. 
Mr.  Pym.*     It  would  have  mattered  little  to 

*  As  the  copies  of  this  petition,  afterwards  prefented  to  the 
King  at  Windfor,  are  extremely  rare   (it  is  not  among  the  Popular 
King's  Pamphlets,   and   I  have  indeed  never  feen  but   the  Petition, 
fmgle  copy  in  my  own  pofTeflion  which  was  obtained  for  me 
by  the  late  Mr.  Rodd),  a  few  lines  may  be  here  taken  from  it. 
It  deals  with  each  article  of  trealbn   feparately ;    and   thus 
comments  upon  that  which  charged  the  endeavour  to  fubvert 
the  fundamental  laws  :    "  This  feems  contrary,  in  regard  that  Pym'sfup- 
"  hee  hath  laboured  rather  to  ratifie  and  confirm  the  funda-  port  of 
"  mental  lawes  ;  in  his  diurnal  fpeeches  ever  fpecifying  his  law. 
"  reall  intent,  as  the  inftitution  and  not  the  diminution  or 
"  fubverfion  of  law."     As  to  the  alleged  traitorous  endeavour 
to  fubvert  the  rights  and  veiy  being  of  parliaments,  this  is 
the  remarkable  and  emphatic  comment:   "To  this  we  may 
"  anfwer  with  great  facility,  Kee  --was  the  chiefs  caufe  that  Author  of 
"  this  parliament  -was  ajfembled,  and  it  feems  very  incongruous  ^he  Lon? 
"  that  he  ftiould  fubvert  the  fame.     Moreover  he  is  the  fble  Parlia- 
"  man  that  (lands  for  the  antient  rights  and  liberties  of  parla-  i^^nt. 
"  ment,  and  it  feems  a  ftupendous  thing  that  he  Ihould  aflail 
"  the  fame."     While  on  this  fubje6l  I  am  tempted  to  add, 


3S^  ^rrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

Alarming  him  that  Contemptuous  cries  and  hooting  from 
'  the  populace  were  audible  at  the  very  gates  of 
his  palace.  But  when  it  was  told  him  that 
fedlions  of  every  clafs  of  his  fubjedls  had 
offered  allegiance  and  fervice  to  the  men  whom 
he  had  publicly  branded  as  traitors ;  that  his 

before  the  D'Ewes  Journal  is  finally  clofed,  fome  evidence  of 

the  abufe,  not  lefs  than  the  praife,  of  which  the  great  leader 

had  fo  truly  portentous  a  fhare  as  well  now  as  to  the  end  of 

Attacks      the  ftruggle.     While,  from  this  period  to  the  outbreak  of  the 

on  Pym.      vvar,  his  vaft  influence  within  the  Houfe  renders  poor  D'Ewes 

himfelf,  as  his   diflatiffaftion   with   public  affairs    increafes, 

daily  more  and  more   peevifh  and  unhappy,  in  the  Journal 

we  alfo  find  almoft  daily  evidence  of  anaults  to  which  he 

was  fubjefted  out  of  doors.     Now   (to  take  a  few  inftances 

from   amid  the  events  we  have  been  defcribing)    it  is   the 

**  Examination  of  Jno.  Sampfon  a  mean  fellow  who  faid  the 

"  kingdom  would  never  be  in  quiet  till  Mr.   Pym  &  fuch 

*'  others  as  he  was  were  hanged.     His  excufe,  that  he  was 

"  in  drink.      Sent  to   Houfe  of  Corre6lion.     Sir  A.  Brown 

"  fhowed  that  Mr.  Nelfon,  a  fcandalous  Minifter  in  Surrey, 

*'  had    faid    Mr.    Pym    was    neither  a   gentleman    nor    a 

*' fcholar."     Harl.  MSS.   163,   377b,  385  a.     On   another 

day   it    is   an    *'  Information   given   againft  two   men  who 

"  Not  a      "  had  faid  the  King   was  no   King    becaufe    he    did    not 

gentleman  *'  take  up  arms  againft   the  Scots,  &  that  Pym  was    King 

or  fcho-       "  Pym,  and  that  that  rogue  would  fet  all  the  kingdom  together 

lar.*'  "  by  the  ears." — lb.  163,  ff.  322  a,  331  a.     On  a  third  day 

it  is  a   "  Report  from  the  Committee  of  information  of  one 

"  Thomas  Shawberie,  a  graduate  of  Emanuel  College  about  to 

"  proceed  a  Do6tor  of  Phyfic  this  commencement,  who  had 

"  yefter  night  at  the  Crofs  Keys  in  Gratious  Street  called  Mr. 

«,  Rog-ue     "  Py'"'  ^  Member  of  this  Houfe,   '  King  Pym  '  &  '  Rafcal ' 

and  Raf-     "  ^  *^^*  ^^  would  cut  him  in  pieces  it  he  had  him." — lb. 

cal  "  ^^^'  f- 4-^4- ^'     ^^^  ™^  ^dd,  that  out  of  numberlefs  fimilar 

teftimonies  to  Pym's  unexampled  influence  in  the  State,  and  to 

the  royalift  hatred  it  infpired   in  a  meafure  almoft  equal  to 

the  popular  idolatry,  one  of  the  moft  remarkable  will  be  found 

in  a  long  poem  in  Mr.  Wright's  Political  Ballads  of  the  Com- 

monnxiealth  (pp.  30 — 38,  Percy  Society),  which   bears  for  its 

**  Penitent  title,   "  The  Penitent  Traytorj  or  the  Humble  ConfefTion  of 

Traitor."    "  a  Devonfliire  gentleman  who  was   Condemned  for  High 

"  Treafon,  and  Executed  atTyborne  for  the  fame,  in  the  raigne 

"  of  King  Henry  the  Third,  the  nineteenth  of  July  1267." 

Pym  was  of  Somerfetftiire,  but  he  fat  for  Taviftock  in  Devon. 


§  XXXVIII.     Flight  of  the  King.  2S9 

mariners  and  feamen,   "  the  water  rats,"  had  "  Water- 
deferted   him ;    that   the   Trained   Bands   of 
London  and  Southwark  were   in  arms  againft  Trained 
him  ;   that,  for  the  men  whom  he  would  have  ^^"^^• 
fent  to  a  public  fcafFold,  fuch  a  public  triumph 
was  preparing  as  only  waits  upon  Conquerors  Triumph 
and  Deliverers ;  and  that,  finally,  to  proted:  Jors"'^'^^*" 
and    confolidate   their   triumph,    and   in   his 
defpite  to  '*'  guard  the  Parliament,  the  King- 
**  dom,  and  the  King,"  a  military  force  had 
been  created,  and  military  rank  beftowed — he  a  fudden 
appears  to  have  yielded  all  at  once  to  what  j^"^^  °^ 

^  -T  A  J  danger. 

is  known  to  have  been  the  counfel  of  the 
Queen,  and  to  have  given  fudden  directions 
for  the  flight. 

"  The  iflue  is,"  wrote  Sir  Edward  to  Lady  sirEdward 
Dering,*  "that  the  King  went .  fuddenly  out  J|^''^"jfJ'' 
*'  of  town  with  the  Queen  and  Prince,  angered 
**  and  feared  with  the  preparation  of  armes  to 
"  attend  us  the  next  day.     Nor  can  I  wonder 
**  at  his  purpofe  therein ;   but  approve  it.   ... 
"  The  Commons  go  high  :  and  not  only  the  Commons 
"  Houfe,  but  a   Committee  of  the    Houfe,  ^P'jJ^ 
"  have  armed  and  imbanded  the  King's fubjefts, 
"  not  only  without  his  leave  afked,  but  have 
"  made    a     Serjeant   Major    General   to    the 
"  King^s  terror.     For  thereupon  he  went  out  o/"  King's 
"  towney  and  not  till  then.  .  .  .  Jealoufies  are      ^"°^' 
"  high,  and  my  heart  pitys  a  King  fo  fleeting  Pity  for 
"  and  fo  friendlefs,  yett  without  one  noted  *^^  ■^'"^' 

•  MS.  Letter  (is""  Jan.  164.1-2)  already  quoted  :  ante  48. 


360  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 

Noted       ^^vice."     It  is  not  the  "  noted  "  vices  which 

vices  lefs  ,,     ,  •      1  • 

dangerous  ^^^  molt  Qangerous  in  kings, 
thanfecret.      There  was  doubtlefs  much,  in  the  "  noted  " 
reafons  for  this  flight  of  a  king  from  the  capital 
of  his  kingdom,  to  awaken  fympathy  from  fuch 
minds  as  Bering's  :   but  more   fecret  reafons 
and  purpofes  betrayed  themfelves  too  foon,  to 
permit  the  moft  ardent  of  the  gentlemen  who 
remained  loyal    to   the    fovereign  to  deceive 
Reafon  for  themfelves  as  to  the  temper  in  which  London 
London.     ^^^  hz^n  abandoned.     It  was  not  the  fear  of 
being  deferted  by  friends,   but  the  mortifica- 
tion of  being  difabled  from  ftriking  further  at 
Hope  of    enemies.  For  Charles  the  Firft,  the  hope  of  fo 
fupport      ftriking;  effedlively  exifted  now  only  in  the  pro- 

ellewhere.      .  ^        .        , 

vinces  of  his  kingdom.  Away  from  London, 
he  might  purfue  his  fecret  levies ;  and,  while 
the  adlual  outbreak  of  war  was  delayed,  his  ab- 
fence  could  not  but  diforganife  the  operations 
of  Parliament.    The  Queen  had  now  refolved, 

A  projeft  moreover,  if  fhe  could  but  fcrew  her  hu  (band's 

Queen  courage  to  the  flicking  place,  to  carry  herfelf 
and  her  children  for  the  prefent  out  of  Eng- 
land, taking  with  her  the  Jewels  of  the  Crown  : 
and  to  leave  London  was  to  accomplifh  the 
firfl;  ftage.    The  watchful  vigilance  of  the  Com- 

Vigilance  mons  Compelled  the  detention  of  the  princes  ; 

mons.  but,  in  little  more  than  three  weeks  from  this 
day,  fhe  had  fucceeded  in  that  moft  material 
part  of  her  defign  which  fecured  freedom  of 
adtion  and  fafety  to  herfelf,  until  the  war  fhould 


§  XXXVIII.     Flight  of  the  King.  361 

really  begin,  and  to  her  hufband  the  means  Secret  fer- 
of  waging   it  when  once  his  troops  were  in  penning- 
the  field.     "  By  yours  of  this  week,"   wrote  ton- 
Sidney    Bere    to    Admiral    Pennington,    "  I 
"  perceive  you  are   ready  to  fett  faile   upon 
"  fome  fervice,  wherein  I  pray  God  to  blefle 
"  you  w^^'  good  fuccefle."     That  was  on  the 
13  th  of  January  ;  and  the  fervice  for  which 
the   Admiral   fo    held   himfelf  thus    early  in 
readinefs,  was  undoubtedly  that  which  on  the 
23rd  of  February  he  performed,  of  conveying  conveys 
to  the  coaft  of  Holland  the  Queen  and  her  g^^^j^'^^^" 
daughter,  and  the  Crown  jewels  of  England. 
In  little  more  than  two  months  fhe  had  raifed 
two  millions  flerling. 

The  fame  letter  of  the  under- fecretary  tells  Under 
us  further  what  it  well  imports  us  to  know  to  the  Ad- 
of  the  circumftances  of  the  King's  departure.  J^^Tfi; 

••  •  iri/-.  13th  Janu- 

After  mentionmg  the  triumph  of  the  Com-  ary. 
mons  in  their  return  to  Weftminfter,  he  con- 
tinues :   "  The  King  andQueene  toke  the  day  Reports 
"before    a  refolution   to   leave   this   towne,  ^"J^^^ 
"  wh  was  alfoe  foe  fuddaine  that  they  could 
"  not  have  that   acomodation    befitted   their 
"  Matie*.     They  went  to  Hampton  Court  that 
"  night,   next   day   to  Windfor,    whence  its 
*'  confidered  they  will  alfoe  departe  as  this  day, 
'^  but  whither  is  uncertaine.     The  Prince  and 
"  Pr.  Eled:or  is  with  them,  but  few  Lords. 
"  EfTex  and  Holland  being  here,  who  offered  EfTex  and 
"  up  both  their  places  before  his  going,  but    °  ^"'** 


362 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


Secretary   "  His  Maj*'"  would  not  accept  y  furrender.* 
Nicholas,   tt  j^^^  Secretary  Nicholas  is  likewije  gone,  and 


Refufals  to 
accom- 
pany the 
King. 


Waiting 
on  Com- 
mittee, 


Final  de- 
fertions. 


A  libel 
upon 


EflTex, 
Holland, 
Warwick, 
and  Pym. 


*  Eflex,  it  will  be  remembered,  was  Lord  Chamberlain  of 
the  Houfehold,  and  Holland  Groom  of  the  Stole.  The  fa6l 
mentioned  by  Bere  confirms  a  portion  of  the  ftatement  of 
Clarendon  {Hiji.  ii.  163)  that  thefe  officers  of  the  King's 
Houfe  had  been  aflced,  and  had  refufed,  to  quit  London  with 
him.  It  was  not,  however,  until  the  15th  they  applied  to  the 
Lords,  and  received  order  that  "  to  attend  the  high  affairs  of 
"  the  realme  as  required  by  their  writs  was  truer  fervice  to  His 
"  Majefly  than  any  they  could  do  him  at  Hampton  Court." 
Clarendon  fays  it  was  Holland  who  perfuaded  Effex  not 
to  go  :  but  I  can  find  no  evidence  in  fupport  of  what  he 
adds,  that,  after  leaving  the  King  to  his  fmall  retinue  in  a 
moft  difconfolate  perplexed  condition,  and  in  more  need  of 
comfort  and  counfel  than  they  had  ever  known  him,  "  inflead 
*'  of  attending  their  mafter  in  that  exigent,  they  moent  together 
"  into  the  City  -where  the  Committee  fat,  and  where  they  were 
"  not  the  leis  welcome  for  being  known  to  have  been  invited 
"  to  have  waited  upon  their  Majeffies."  Holland  was  capable 
of  the  aft,  but  of  ElTex  it  is  not  to  be  believed.  I  may  add, 
as  the  point  a/Tumed  afterwards  fome  importance,  that  one 
of  the  mofl  curious  of  many  fimilar  entries  in  D'Ewes's 
Journal  of  this  date  is  one  which  marks  the  period  of  the 
final  and  complete  defertion  of  the  King  by  Holland  and 
Warwick,  when,  caring  no  longer  to  refort  to  the  excufe  for 
non-attendance  out  of  town,  which  their  parliamentary  obli- 
gations fairly  fupplied  them  with,  they  ceafed  to  keep  even  a 
fair  face  to  the  King.  On  the  day  when  the  Houfe  voted 
judgment  againft  the  Attorney- General  Herbert  for  having 
preferred  the  articles  of  impeachment,  D'Ewes  himfelf  handed 
in  a  flip  of  paper  purporting  to  contain  the  declaration  of 
Walter  Lumley,  clothier  of  Lavenham,  Suffolk  ;  fubfcribed 
feemingly  in  Lumley's  own  hand.  He  flated  that  he  was 
fitting  in  the  houfe  of  Mr.  Ferdinando  Poulton,  with  two 
others  ;  and  that,  they  converfing  together,  the  faid  Poulton 
faid  there  were  fome  verfes  made  about  the  Parliament, 
namely — 

"  One  cuckold,  two  baftards,  and  a  pack  of  knaves, 

Strive  now  to  make  fubjefts  Princes,  and  Princes  flaves." 

Who  are  thefe  three,  afked  Lumley,  the  declarant,  for  he  pro- 
tefted  he  knew  not  of  what  was  meant.  To  which  Poulton 
faid  all  the  world  knew  Effex  to  be  a  cuckold,  and  Warwick 
and  Holland  to  be  baflards,  and  that  they  would  make 
Pym  prince.  Having  duly  informed  the  Houfe  of  thefe 
fafts,  and   put  it  in  pofTefTion  of  the  document    eftablifhing 


§  XXXVIII.     Flight  of  the  King.  2^3 

*'  hath  lefte  mee  here  to  attend  fuch  fervices  Small 
"  as  fhall  occurre,  "uf",  if  the  Kinge  fhall  per-  for'^under- 
"  fift  in  his  refolution  to  retire,*  will  not  be  Secretary. 
"  much.     Howfoever  I  will  expedl  the  ifTue, 
"  and  if  I  bee  not  fent  for,  thinke  myfelfe 
"  not  unhappy  in  my  ftay  to  be  freed  of  an 
"  expencefuU  and  troublefome  journey.     My 
"  Lady  Nicholas  is  much  affile ed,  and  I  believe ,  Grief  of  a 
'*  as  well  as  hee,  would  for  a  good  round  Jumme  of  staters 
^^  hee   had  never  had  the  feales.       My   Lord""^^^- 
**  Keeper  refuftng  to  put  the  greate  feale  to  the 
*'  King*s  proclamation  ag^  the  perfons  accufedy  Lord 
"  did  alfoe  make  tender  of  his  charge,  but  how-  ^^^f^l^ 
"  foever  remaines  ftill  w^*^  it.     And  thus.  Sir,  refign. 
"  you  fee  to  what  heighth  of  diftempers  thinges 
"  are  come."  f  In  this  fad  condition,  exclaims 

the   fame,  D'Ewes  goes  on  to  remark  that  he  took  an  oppor-  D'Ewes 
tunlty   of  telling  the  Earl  of  Holland  what  he   had   done  :  and  Lord 
"  who  very  well  approved  the  fame  with  very  fair  expreflions  Holland. 
"  to  me  for  it." — Harl.  MSS.  163,  f.  4.62  b.     I  need  hardly 
add  that  Lord  Eflex  is  by  no  means  to  be  put  in  the  fame 
category  with  fuch  men   as  Lord    Holland.  EfTex  had  been 
confident  throughout,  and  never  concealed  his  popular  views 
and  wiflies. 

*  This  expreflion  (by  which  the  Under  Secretary  means 
perfifting  in  the  determination  to  retire  from  Windfor  and 
Hampton   Court  as  well  as  Whitehall)  fhows  that  the  real 
defign  of  the  King,  not  fimply  to  efcape  the  fight  or  neigh-  King's 
bourhood  of  the  Triumph  of  the  Five  Members  on  the  nth,  flight  not 
but  aftiially  and  wholly  to  quit  London  and  its  vicinity  until  temporary, 
he  could  return  its  mafter,  had  been  difcufled  at  Court,  and 
was  already  known  in  the  Secretary's  offices.  The  certain  effisft 
of  fuch  entire  withdrawal,  it  is  alfo  obvious  from  the  remark  of 
Bere,  was  well  underftood  as  an  abdication  of  the  funftions 
of  the  fovereign.     It  will  leave  us  little  to  do  here,  fays  the 
Under  Secretary  to  his  friend  the  Admiral. 

f  MS.  State  Paper  Office.     Bere  to  Pennington  :   13  Jany.  Union  in 
164.1-2.     In  the  fame  letter  the  Under  Secretary  adds :     "  In  Houfes. 
"  the  mean  time  they  are  united  in  the  Houfes,  and  the 


364 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


Royal  re-  Clarendon,  was  the  King  fallen  in  ten  days,* 
from  a  height  and  greatnefs  that  his  enemies 


Literary 
entertain- 
ment. 


Letters  not 
fafe. 


Defolate 
court  at 
Windfor. 


Endymion 
Porter  to 
his  wife  : 
14th  Janu- 
ary. 


Very  old 
ftory. 


'*  accorde  between  the  Upper  Houfe  and  Commons  grows 
"  dayly  more  eafy ....  I  fend  you  herew'**  divers  printed 
"  bookes  of  feverall  ftiles,  all  w"^*"  I  leave  for  yo'^  entertaynm' 
"  att  fpare  howers.  Sir  John  Byron,  Lieut'  of  the  Tower, 
"  it's  thought  will  yett  be  difplaced  :  the  Parliam'  not  being 
"  fatiffied  w'""  his  carriage,  and  having,  as  I  am  told,  voted 
"  him  a  delinquent  .  .  The  Parliam',  it  feemes,  having  [have] 
"  taken  into  confideration  the  fmall  Gard  isattprefent  att  fea, 
"  and  foe  have  voted  30  faile  to  be  fett  out  forthw'*".  This  is 
"  all  I  fhall  trouble  you  w'**  att  prefent,  in  a  time  foe  diftrafted, 
"  and  wherein  is  foe  little  affiirance  into  what  handes  letters 
"  may  fail.     Yours  I  humbly  kifle  and  reft,  &c.  &c." 

*  H'lji.  ii.  182.  On  that  "tenth"  day  the  King  had  gone 
to  Windfor,  and  D'Ewes*s  journal  gives  us  a  glimpfe  of  the 
interior  of  the  palace,  from  the  reported  fpeech  of  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Houfe  who  had  accompanied  a  deputation  with  a 
meffage,  which  feems  to  bear  out  what  is  faid  by  Clarendon. 
"  They  found,"  faid  Sir  John  Holland,  "  a  defolate  Court, 
"  and  law  not  any  noblemen,  and  fcarce  thirty  gentlemen." 
{Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  359  b.)  A  few  days  later,  when  the 
abfence  of  Endymion  Porter  from  his  feat  (he  reprefented 
Droitwich)  was  matter  of  remark,  the  fame  Sir  John  Holland, 
D'Ewes  tells  us  {lb,  162,  f.  386  b.)  "fhowed  that  when  he  was 
"  at  Windfor  with  his  meffage,  the  faid  Mr.  Porter  informed 
**  him  that  he  was  at  that  time  the  only  man  attending  upon 
*'  his  Majefty  in  his  Bed-chamber  to  drefs  and  undrefs  him  : 
"  which  was  the  chief  caufe  that  he  could  not  attend  the 
"  fervice  of  the  Houfe :  and  defired  him  to  move  the  Houfe 
"  in  his  behalf  if  anything  Ihould  be  faid  againft  him."  To 
which  I  am  fortunately  able  to  add,  out  of  the  rich  unpub- 
lifhed  ftores  of  the  State  Paper  Office,  a  letter  from  Endymion 
Porter  himfelf  to  his  "  deare  wyfe  Olive  Porter,"  dated  from 
Windfor  on  the  i4.th  January,  that  very  "tenth"  day  from 
the  arreft  to  which  Clarendon  refers.  It  prefents  a  picture  of 
the  ftraits  of  a  married  courtier  during  inaufpicious  times, 
which  is  pleafing  as  well  as  highly  charafteriftic  ;  and  very 
curious  is  the  view  that  is  given  us  at  its  clofe,  of  the  jealous 
care  with  which  the  King  and  Qjieen  were  now  guarding 
their  children. 

*'  My  dearest  love, — As  for  monnies  I  wonder  you 
"  can  imagin  that  I  fhould  helpe  you,  but  you  allwayes  looke 
"  for  impoffibilities  from  mee,  and  I  wi(h  it  were  a  tyme  of 
"  mirrackles,  for  then  wee  might  hope  for  a  Good  Succefs  in 
"  everie  thing.  Whither  wee  goe,  and  what  wee  are  to  dooe, 
"  I  knowe  not,  for  I  am  none  of  the  Councell :  My  dutie  & 


§  XXXV J II.     Flight  of  the  King.  2^5 

feared,  to  fuch  a  lownefs  that  his  own  fervants  Gloomy 
durft  hardly  avow  the  waiting  on  him  !  ^^ 

To  the  gloomy   picture   another  touch  is 
added  by  a  letter  of  Captain  Slingfby  *  to  his 

"  loyaltie  have  tought  mee  to  followe  my  King  and  Matter, 

"  and  by  the  Grace  of  God  nothing  fliall   divert  mee  from  Troubles 

"it:  I  could  wifliyou  and  your  Children  in  a  fafe  place,  but  ^f  ^ 

"  why  Woodhall  Ihould  not  bee  foe  I  cannot  yet  tell.   I  could  courtier. 

"  likewife  wifh  my  cabinetts  and  all  my  other  thinges  were  at 

"  Mr.  Courteenes — but  if  a  verrie  difcreete  man  bee  not  there, 

**  and  take  the  advife  of  the  joyner  to  convaye  them  thither, 

"  theye  will  bee  as  much  fpoilde  in  the  carridge  as  w"*  the  Fear  of 

"  rabble.     Deareft  love,  to  ferue  God  well   is   the  waye  in  «  rabble." 

*'  eueriething  that  will  leade  us   to  a  happie  end,   for  then 

"  hee  will  blefs,  and  deliver  us  owt  of  all  troubles  :  I  praye 

"  you  have  a  care  of  your  felfe,  and  make  much  of  your 

"  children,  and   I  prefume  wee   fliall  bee  merrie  and  enioye 

*'  one  another  long.     I  writt  to  you  and  fent  the  letters  by 

"  Nick  on  tuefdaye,  but  that  rogue  is  drunke,  and  I  heare 

"  not  of  him.  If  you  remember  my  ferviceto  M"  Eures,  and 

"  tell  her  that  I  am  her  faithefull  Servant,  I  will   give  you  King  and 

"  leaue  to  kifs  M"  Marie  for  mee:  I  nvijh  fvoeeteTonfu^  mee.  Queen 

"yor  the  King  and  Siueene  arejorced  to  lie  -xu'*  theire  children  lying  with 

*'  noijoe  and  I  enuie  their  happines.     I  praye  you  lett  this  their  chil- 

"  berer  cum  to  me  againe,   when  you  heare  where  wee  reft  :  dren. 

"  and  foe  Godnighte,  fweete  Noll. 

"  Y"^  true  frend  and  moft  loving  huftjand, 

"  Endymion  Porter. 

"  Windfor  this  14th  of  Januarie  1641." 

I  may  add  a  further  very  notable  illuftration,  from  an  un- 
publiflied  letter  of  Dering's,  of  the  difficulties  and   hardfhips 
now  incident  to  the  courtier's  trade.    **  The  times,"  he  writes  Defperate 
to  his  wife,  "  are  defperate,  and  £100  in  hand  may  quickly  times. 
"  be  worth   £100   per  annum.     Will.  Gibbes  wrote  yefter- 
"  night  for  my  advice.     He  would  faigne  attend  the  King 
"  with  his  perfon,    as  other  Cavaliers  do :  but  his  purfe  is 
"  empty,  and  the  King  foe  poore  that  he  cannot  feed  them  King's 
"  that  follow  him.     I  was  told  that  the  prince  one  night  poverty. 
"  wanted  wine,  and  another  candles."     By  the   Prince  rauft 
be  intended  the  Prince  Eleftor. 

*  As  this  is  probably  the   laft  time  I  fliall  have  to  refer  to 
Captain  Slingft)y,  I  may  mention  that  on  the  Reftoration  he  Slingflay 
was  made  a  Baronet  and  Comptroller  of  the  Navy ;  that  he  is  and  Pepys. 
frequently  referred  to  in  Pepys  s  Diary;  and  that,  in  recording 
his  death  at  the  clofe  of  Oftober  i66i,  Pepys  fpeaks  of  him  as 
"  a  man  that  loved  me,  and  had  many  qualitys  that  made  me 


366 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


Slingfby 
to  Pen- 
nington : 
14th  Janu- 
ary. 


UnexpecSl- 
ed  change 
ofpofition. 


Officers 
following 
the  King. 


Lunfford 
at  Kingf- 
ton. 


Carterett. 


Admiral  one  day  later,  on  the  14th  of  January, 

which  reveals  fomewhat  more  of  the  alarm  and 

danger  of  the  time.     He  defcribes  what  had 

happened  fince  the  famous  day  at  Guildhall  ; 

and  how  that  he,  and  all  who  accompanied  the 

King   on   the   4th,    were  now    fet   apart  and 

"  efteemed  criminals,"  while  the  gentlemen  ac- 

cufed  of  treafon  pafTed  with  greater  honour  and 

applaufe  than  ever,  having  been  brought  back 

magnificently  guarded  to  their  feats  at  Weft- 

minfter.       *'  The  King  the  day  before,"  he 

continues  (I  omit  his  allufion  to  the  Bucking- 

hamfhire  horfemen  who  had  ridden  up  to  town 

to  offer  their  fervice  to  the  Parliament),  "  w*'^ 

'  the  Queene    and    all   their    children,    went 

'  away  difcontentedly,     attended    not    with 

^  many  lords  or  old  courtiers,   but  with  the 

'  officers  of  the  late  army  in  good  numbers. 

^  He  went  firft  to  Hampton  Court,  then  to 

'  Windfor:  this  day   removed   from    thence, 

'  whither  I    knowe    not:     but   fome   fay    to 

*  Portfmouth,  others  to  Woodftocke,  and 
'  from  thence  to  Yorke.  There  was  yefter- 
'  day  a  great  feare  in  the  Cittie  by  reafon  it 

*  was  reported  that  Coll.  Lunfford  had  made 
^  proclamation  in  Kingftone  for  all  of  the 
'■  Kinge's  party  to  come  to  him.     If  any  fuch 

*  to  love  him,  above  all  the  officers  and  commiffioners  in  the 

*  Navy."  Diary  (ed.  1854)  i.  229.  Captain  Carterett,  though 
an  older  man,  furvived  Slingfby  eighteen  years.  He  did  im- 
portant Royalift  fervice  during  the  Civil  War,  and  obtained 
high  rank  as  well  as  feveral  lucrative  employments  at  the 
Reftoration. 


§  XXXVIII.     Flight  of  the  King.  2^*^ 

"  thinges  were,  I  believe  It  was  but  fome  "Drunken 
'^  drunken  flourifh  of  fome  of  thofe  fouldiers  °""  * 
'^  that  followed  the  King  :  yett  the  Houfe 
"  hath  fent  order  to  the  Sheriffs  to  apprehend 
"  them,  and  have,  as  I  heare,  fent  likewife  to 
"  Portfmouth  to  forbid  the  admittance  of  any 
"  fuch  into  the  towne,  as  may  breed  tumult 
"  there."* 

Capt.  Slingfby  makes  light  of  the  Lunfford  Sufpjdous 
proclamation  as  a  '^  drunken  flourifh,"  but  he  tions! " 
yet  conneds  it  with  the  foldiers  who  were  fol- 
lowing the    court, j"  and   we    have  feen  with 
what  defigns  at  this  time,  at  leafl;  not  unknown 
to  the  King,  Clarendon  couples  Lunfford's  and 
Digby's  names.  J   Except  for  Charles  the  Firft's  Digbyand 
exprefs  difapproval  on  the  fcheme   being  fub-  ^"""°™- 
mitted  to  him,  he  tells  us  that  the  accufed  mem- 
bers would  either  have  been  feized  and  taken 

•MS.  State  Paper  office.   Slingfby  to  Pennington  :  i4.Jany. 
164.1-2.     The  clofe  of  the  letter  is  very  charafleriftic.    "  All  Agree- 
"  thinges  go  now  currantlyon  in  the  Parlament  with  out  any  ment  in 
"  apparent  oppofition  :  the  malignant  partie  having  all  left  Houfes. 
"  the  towne:  only  the  Tower  doth  yett  breede  fomejealoufies. 
"  The  Left'  refufeing  to  come  to  the  houfe,  being  fent  for : 
*'  and  refufmg  to  take  the  Proteftation  w'^''  was  fent  to  him.  One  ex- 
"  Some  Viftuals  going  to  the  Tower  were  flopped,  and  this  ception. 
"  day  I  heare  it  is  abfolutely  blockt  up  :    the  feamen  have 
"  offerd  their  fervice  to  batter  it.     A  day  or  two  fince  it  was 
"  foe   dangerous   faying   anything,  y'  a  man  could  not  be 
"  affured  of  his  life  in  fpeaking  anything.     Fa6lions  were  fo 
*'  hott.     But  now  the  Language  of  the  Par:  is  only  currant.  Faftions 
"  I  pray  God  fend  us  better  unitie,  but  I  can  hardly  expeft  fubfiding. 
"  it :  though  I  thinke  there  are  twice  as  many  plotts  dif- 
"  covered  and  printed  than  are  really  contrived." 

f  Clarendon  alfo  ftates  (ii.  163)  that  befides  his  own 
gentlemen,  "  thirty  or  forty"  of  the  officers  of  the  Whitehall 
Guard  alfo  attended  him. 

J  Jute,  205,  288,  322. 


368 


Arreft  of  the  Five  Members, 


Rejefted 

plan 

againft 

Five 

Members. 


Queen's 
reproach 
to  King 
for  its  re- 
jeftion. 


Charles  I, 
quits  Lon- 
don. 


Never  to 
return  as 
King. 


to  prifon,  or  left  dead  in  Coleman  Street ;  and 
it  is  certain  that  the  King's  rejedion  of  either 
this,  or  fome  other  plan,  which  he  had  been 
difpofed  to  entertain  on  the  firft  failure  of  the 
arreft,  was  made  matter  of  warning  to  him  in 
later  years.  "  You  fee,"  wrote  the  Queen, 
urging  him  afterwards  to  as  rafh  an  enterprife, 
"what  has  happened /r6?;>;^  not  having  followed 
"  your  fir Jl  refolutions  when  you  declared  the  Five 
"  Members  traitors.  Let  that  ferve  you  for  an 
"  example,  and  dally  no  longer  with  confulta- 
"  tions."* 

Under  fuch  advice  is  the  ill-fated  King 
abandoning  the  metropolis  of  his  Kingdom. 
He  confidently  believed  that  he  fhould  foon 
return  to  it  as  its  mafter,  but  he  never  again 
faw  Whitehall  until  he  was  led  through  it  to 
the  fcafFold.  Before  4  in  the  afternoon  he 
ftepped  into  his  coach  with  the  Queen  and 
their  children,  called  to  the  window  the 
Captain  of  the  Trained  Bands  who  had  been 
in  attendance  at  the  palace  during  the  laft  two 
eventful  months,  thanked  him  for  what  he 
had  done,  and  drove  off  to  Hampton  Courtf 


*  Harl.    MSS.    7379.      Quoted    in    the   Fairfax   Corre- 
fpondence,  ii.  335. 

f  Let  me  refer  the  reader  who  is  not  acquainted  with  the 
Guizot's  book  to  M.  Guizot's  lately  revifed  and  enlarged  edition  of  his 
Hiftory.  Hijioire  de  la  Resolution  d' Angleterre.  I  know  of  no  narrative 
of  the  incidents  of  Charles  the  Firft's  reign,  within  the  fame 
compafs,  at  all  comparable  to  it  for  fulness,  accuracy,  and 
pifturefquenefs.  The  account  of  the  incidents  under  notice 
is  a  delightful  fpecimen  of  narration,  clofe  and  fpirited  j  the 
obfervations   are  always   thoughtful,   confiderate,    and  tern- 


§  XXXIX.     Return  of  the  Five  Members.  369 

And  now,    to    adopt  the  expreflion  of   Cla-  The  Five 
rendon,  it  only   remained   to  place  the  Five^hel^^ 
Members  "  on  their  thrones"  "thrones." 

\  XXXIX.  Return  of  the  Five  Members. 

Tuesday  the  eleventh  of  January,  1 641-2,  Xuefday, 
was  a  clear  bright  winter  day,  and  never  had  "thjanu- 
the  great  river,  or  either  of  its  fhores,  pre- 
fented  fuch  a  fcene  as  had  there  been  vifible 
fince  day  break,  from  London  Bridge  to  Weft-  March  of 
minfter  ftairs.      By  land,    the    City   Trained  j^JJ^^  ^ 
Bands   on  the   one  fhore,  and  on  the  other 
the  Trained  Bands  of  Southwark,  lined  the 
road  up  to  the  very  avenues  of  the  Commons' 
Houfe;  and   by  water,    guarding  that   filent  Guard  by 
highway  through  which  the  members  were  to  '^^'^^'■• 
pafs,  appeared  on  either  fide,  connedling  both 
the  bridges    in   two   compact  and  glittering 
lines,  a  fleet  of  veflels  and  long  boats,  arm.ed 
with   ordnance,  and  '^  drefTed  up  with  waift- 
*^  clothes  and  ftreamers  as  ready  for  fight."* 
On  all  fides  the  afped:  of  a  feftival ;    eager  Great 
animation,  movement,  light,  and  colour:   but 
no  mere  holiday  gaiety.  Blendingwith  whatever 
could  give  brilliancy  to  the  fcene,  were  figns 
everywhere  of  the  folemn  and  earneft  work  in  No  mere 
hand.     The  men  who  ferved  the  ordnance  on  ° '  ^^'* 
board  the   vefTels   flood   with   their    matches 

perately  juft ;    and  the  flyle  throughout  is  charming.     This 
enlarged  edition   has   been  fairly   tranflated   by  Mr.  Scoble 
(Ed.  Bentley  :  2  vols.  8vo.  1854.). 
*  Clarendon,  Hijl.  ii.  164.. 


370- 


Arreji  of  the  Five  Members, 


Soldiers' 
pikes  and 
mufkets  : 


carrying 
printed 
votes  of 
Hoiifes. 


Embarka- 
tion at 
"  Three 
Cranes." 


Under- 
Secretary's 
account. 


lighted ;  and,  fixed  upon  the  pikes  of  the 
foldiers,  attached  to  their  muflcets,  flapping 
round  their  enfigns  and  colours,  looped  in 
their  hats,  or  faftened  on  their  breafts,  were 
printed  copies  of  the  folemn  Proteftation, 
which  bound  all  who  took  it  to  the  rendering 
up  life  itfelf  on  behalf  of  the  liberties  of  Par- 
liament and  the  maintenance  of  the  Proteftant 
religion.*  Manned  by  officers  and  feamen  of 
the  navy  who  had  volunteered  this  fervice,  one 
of  the  largefl:  and  richeft:  of  the  City  Companies' 
Barges  had  been  provided  and  fitted  for  the 
Five  Members ;  and  in  this,  at  midday,  they 
embarked  "from  the  Three  Cranes," f  and  fo 
returned  to  the  feats  from  which  their  fove- 
reign  had  vainly  hoped  to  banifh  them  for 
ever.  "  They  returned,"  wrote  the  Under- 
Secretary  to  Pennington,  "  with  fuch  multi- 
tudes as  had  "  far  more  of  Triumph  than 
"  Guard ;  and  the  feamen  made  fleetes  of  boates 
"  all  armed  with  mufquetts  and  murdering 
"  pieces,  w'^'*   gave  vollees  all  the  way   they 


What 


"There  was  one  circumftance,"  fays  Clarendon,   "not 


Clarendon  "  to  be  forgotten  in  the  inarch  of  the  City  that  day,  when 
faw.  "  the  fhow  by  water  was  little  interior  to  the  other  by  land, 

"  that  the  pikemen  had  faftened  to  the  tops  of  their  pikes,  and 
"  the  reft  in  their  hats,  or  their  bofoms,  printed  papers  of  the 
"  Proteftation  which  had  been  taken  and  enjoined  by  the 
"  Houfe  of  Commons,  the  year  before,  for  the  defence  of  the 
"  privilege  of  Parliament ;  and  many  of  them  had  the  Printed 
"  Votes  of  the  King's  breaking  their  privileges  in  his  coming 
"  to  the  Houfe  and  demanding  their  members."  ii.  i66. 
D'Ewes  will  be  found  to  notice  this  aKo,  pojif  364. 
f  Rujh'worth,  III.  i.  484. 


§  XXXIX.     Return  of  the  Five  Members.  371 

"  went."*     Arrived  at  Weftminfter,  the  en-  Welcome 
thufiaftic  applaufes    of   the    people    who  had  ^infter." 
crowded  to  give  them  welcome,  outrang  even 
the   clattering   difcharges   of  ordnance  which 
faluted  them  as  they  landed.     They  pafTed  up 
the  jdairs,  and  into  the  lobby  of  the  Houfe. 

The  Speaker  and  the   members  ftood  up  Entrance 
as  the  Five  entered  and  took  their  accuftomed  ^0°^^^ 
places.     The  inftant  after,  all  the  Five  arofe, 
and   while  Hampden,   Hollis,    Hafelrig,  and 
Strode  ftood  filent  and  uncovered,  Pym  ten-  pym 
dered  in  the  moft  earneft  language  their  hearty  ^^^"^^^  ^^^ 
thanks  to  the  citizens  of  London.     He  faid 
that  he  could  not  but  refer  to  the  unexampled 
fcene  they  had  that  day  witnefTed.     Such  had 
been  the  kindnefs,  the  affedtion,  they  had  found 
in  the  City,  that  if  the  mode  of  exprefling  it, 
on  this  extraordinary  occafion,  had  been  fome- 
what  unufual,  the  honour  of  the  Houfe  was  Striking 

•'  expreiuons 

neverthelefs  engaged  to  proted:  and  defend  the  ufed. 
citizens  againft  all  poflible  confequences  thereof. 
The  words  (reported  by  Clarendon)f  are  ex- 
tremely ftriking ;  and  moft  fignificant  was  the 
appeal  they  involved  from  one  fupreme  power 

*  MS.  State  Paper  Office.  Sidney  Bere  to  Pennington,  1 3th  Bere  to 
January,  1 64.1-2.     The  title  begins  :    "  The   laft   weeke  I  Penning- 
**  told  you  but  the  beginning  of  thofe  bad  enfuing  newes  wee  ton  ; 
"  muft  now  dayly  expeft,  unlefle  it  pleafe  God  to  give  a  ftrange,  1 3th  Janu- 
**  if  not  miraculous  change,  whereby  to  fettle  the  diftraftion  ot  ary. 
"  affaires.     The  Committee  fitting  all  laft  weeke  in  y*  Citty, 
*•  returned  againe  to  Parliament  on  Tuefday,  and  the  perfons 
"  accufed  w"*  them,  for  whom  both  citty  and  country  have 
♦*  ftiown  foe  much  affedion  1 " 

t  Hijl.  ii.  165. 

B  B  2 


372  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

Impreflion  in  the  State,  to  another  which  was  to  afTume 
Royalift  from  that  day  a  more  than  equal  fovereignty. 
member.  Some  idea  of  the  impreffion  made  upon  even 
a  member  of  the  Houfe  who  fympathifed  with 
the  King,  appears  in  what  Sir  Edward  Bering 
Would  now  wrote  to  his  wife.  "  If  I  could  he  Pym 
King        "  with  honejly,  I  had  rather  be  Pym  than  King 

Charles  or  cc  Qharlesr^' 
Kmg 

Pym  ?  In  the  fame  letter,  written  the  next  day  but 

one  after  the  great  feftival,  the  member  for  Kent, 

after  telling  his  wife  that  "  heere  have  been  five 

Letter  of   «  thoufand    petitioners  out   of   Buckingham- 
Sir  Ed-      ,,  -,  .  -T     ,    .    ,.  ^ 
ward             Ihire  to  ofter  their  hves  to  execute  our  com- 

Denng.     cc  niands,"  proceeds  to  tell  her  further,  that  by 

the  help  of  God  fhe  was   not  to  fear  for  his 

perfonal  fafety,  for  that  many  thoufands  had 

guarded  them  on  the  Tuefday,  and  that  each 

day  now  the  Houfe  itfelf  was  provided  with  a 

Guard       fufficient  Guard  "againft  HO  enemy."   But  fome 

enemy  "°  members  of  the  Houfe  had  been  in  danger, 

and  how  could  any  fingle  member  in  future  be 

reckoned  fafe  ?     In  vain  did  even  this  loyal 

knight  of  the  Ihire  for  Kent,  notorious  for  his 

refiftance  to  the  Remonftrance,  aflure  and  re- 

aflure  his  friends  down  in  his  native  county. 

Members    "  Mr.  Bullock  camc   and  offered,"  he   writes, 

ftilHn  ^     *^  with  his  friends,  to  be  my  perfonall  Guard.   I 

danger.      f  c  refufed  itt,  but  could  not  perfuade  him  from  my 

"  fidcy  from  morning  to  nighty    unlefs   in   the 

*'  very  Houfe'''     The  incident  better  explains 

*  MS.  Letter  before  referred  to,  48,  and  358. 


§  XXXIX.     Return  of  the  Five  Members.  373 

what  the  feeling  was,  which  had  brought  thou-  Why 
fands  out  of  Buckinghamfhire  to  the  fide  of  men  came. 
Mr.  Hampden. 

When  Pym  had  ceafed  fpeaking,  and  when  Thanks 
there    had   been   called    in,    fucceflively,    the  sLaker. 
Sheriffs  of  London,  the  Mafters  and  Officers  of 
fhips,  and  Serjeant  Major-General  Skippon,  to 
receive  thanks  from  Mr.  Speaker,  Hampden's 
colleague  in  the  reprefentation  of  Buckingham- 
fhire (Mr.  A.  Goodwin)  arofe,  and  begged  of  Speech  by 
the   Houfe  that  fuch  of  the   gentry   of  that 
county  as  had  been  appointed  to   bear  their 
petition*   might   be   called   in  to  deliver   it. 

*  The  opening  fentences  of  this  petition,  which,  if  not  written  Bucks 
by  Hampden,  may  be  fafely  taken  as  the  exaft  expreflion  of  his  petition  to 
views,  are  charafteriftic  and  worth  quoting:  "That  whereas,  Houfe. 
"  many  years  paft,  we  have  been  under  very  great  prefTures,  for 
'■^  nxhich  are  clearly  fet  forth  in  the  late  Kemonfirance  of  the 
*'  Houfe  of  Commons ;  the  Redrefs  whereof  hath  for  a  long 
"  time  been  by  you  endeavoured  with  unwearied  pains,  tho' 
"not  with   anfwerable  fuccefs ;  having  ftill  your  endeavours 
**  fioiftrated  or  retarded,  and  we  deprived  of  the  fruit  thereof, 
"  by  a  malignant  fadion  of  Popifh  Lords,  Bifhops,  &  others  ;  Viewsheld 
"  and  now,  of  late,  to  take  from  us  all  that  little  hope  which  by  Hamp- 
"  was  left  of  a  future  Reformation,  the  very  Being  of  the  den. 
"  Parliament  fhaken  ;  and,  by  the  mifchievous  practices  of 
"  moft  wicked  counfellors,  the  privileges  thereof  broken  in 
"  an  unexampled  manner,  and  the  members  thereof  unaflured 
♦'  of  their  lives,  in   whofe  fafety  the  fafety  of  us  and  our 
"  Pofterity  is  involved  :  We  hold  it  our  duty,  according  to 
"  our  late   proteftation,  to    defend  and  maintain    the   fame 
"  Perfons  and  Privileges,  to  the  uttermoft  expenfe  of  our  lives 
"  and  eftates."     The  laft  fentence  is  alfo  remarkable.     After 
ftating  fuch  meafures  againft  evil  counfellors  as  they  believe 
to  be  called  for,  they  clofe  thus  :  "  Without  all  which,  your 
"  Petitioners  have  not  the  leaft  hope  of  the  kingdom's  peace, 
"  or  to  reap  thofe  glorious  advantages,  which  the  fourteen  Petition  to 
"  months    Seed-time   of  your  unparallelled  endeavours  have  Kin?. 
"  given  to   their  unfatiffied  expeftations."     A  fimilar  peti- 
tion was   taken    to  the   King  at   Windfor   two   days  after 
this  was  delivered  to  the  Commons.     Nor  was  it  the  Bucks 


374 


jdrreji  of  the  Five  Members, 


Bucks 
petition 
brought 
in. 


Its  guard 
of  6000. 


Crowd  and 
prefliire  in 
lobby. 


D'Ewes 
in  Weft- 
mlnfter 
Hall. 


"  Little 

fquare 

banners." 


Other 
counties 
petition 
the  King. 


Whereupon,  the  fame  being  afTented  to,  the 
petition  was  brought  in,  and  they  who  bore  it 
informed  the  Houfe  that  it  had  been  accom- 
panied to  the  town  by  above  fix  thoufand 
men,  not  one  of  whom  but  was  ready  with 
their  lives  and  fortunes  to  defend  them,  the 
honorable  members  of  the  Commons,  or,  if 
need  were,  againft  whomfoever  fhould  in  any  fort 
illegally  attempt  upon  them,  to  die  at  their  feet. 
"  And  then,"  fays  D'Ewes,  "they  withdrew 
"  out  of  the  Houfe:  but  they  were  fo  many, 
"  and  the  prefs  was  fo  great  in  the  Lobby  and 
"  room  next  without  the  door,  that  they  were 
*^  a  good  while  before  they  could  get  out."* 

D'Ewes  followed  them,  and  went  to  walk 
a  while  in  Weftminfter  Hall.  There,  cluftered 
in  various  groups,  ftood  citizens  of  the 
Trained  Bands  belonging  to  the  eight  com- 
panies who  had  guarded  the  Members  that  day. 
And  D'Ewes  noted  upon  the  tops  of  their  pikes, 
hanging  like  little  fquare  banners  in  the  now 
ftill  and  quiet  air,  copies  of  the  Proteftation 
for  defence  of  parliament  and  maintenance  of 
religion,  t 

men  alone  who  thus  followed  the  King  to  his  retire- 
ment. Others,  according  to  Clarendon,  promptly  followed  the 
example:  "Though  the  King  had  removed  himfelfoutof 
"  the  noife  of  Weftminfter,  yet  the  effefts  of  it  followed  him 
««  very  clofe ;  for  befides  the  Buclcinghamftiire  petitioners,  who 
"  alarumed  him  the  fame  or  the  next  day  after  he  came  to 
"  Hampton  Court,  fe'veral  of  the  fame  nature  ivere  every 
"  day  prefented  to  him,  in  the  name  of  other  counties  of  the 
"  kingdom," — HiJI.  ii.  176. 

*  Harl.  MSS.  162,  f.  317  b.  f  lb.  i6z,  f,  318  a. 


§  XXXIX.      Return  of  the  Five  Members,  375 

• 
Meanwhile,  before  the  Houfe  rofe,  between 
7  and  8   on  that  "  ever  to  be  remembered "  Departure 
day,  the  departure  of  the  King  from  London  noted"^ 
had  been  remarked  upon  by  honorable  mem- 
bers, and  the  matter  was  referved  for  debate 
until  the  following  morning.    Accordingly,  on  Queftion 
that  Wednefday  the  1 2th,  the  Chancellor  of  the  pgpe" " 
Exchequer  wifhed  to  know  if  he  ftiould  move 
his  Majefty  to   return   to   London,  to  come 
to  a   proper    underftanding  ?     But  Sir    John 
Culpeper  failed  to  elicit  any  fatiffadlory  reply. 
Again,  next  morning,  Thurfday  the  13th,  the 
queftion   was    renewed ;  and,   fays    D'Ewes,*  Queftion 
"  Sir  Henry  Cholmely  moved  that  we  fhould  Henry 
"  fend   to   his  Majefty   to   exprefs    our   grief  C^°™^^y- 
"  for  his  abfenting  himfelf  from  us,  and  to 
"  defire  him  to  return,  and  to  conceive  that 
"  we  are  his  beft  and  fureft  guard.      But  Mr.  Anfwered 
^'-  Denzil   Hollis  Jlood  up ,  and /aid ^  that  /^V/ hqIHs.  ^' 
"  himfelf  and  the  other  members  of  this  Houje 
"  accufed  of  High  'Treajon  were  clear ed,  and  the 
"  violation  of  the  privileges  of  this  Houfe  in  their 

"  per/ons  were  redrejfed '* 

My  Narrative  clofes  here.  The  blank  left  is  Clofe  of 
D'Ewes's  own;  and  what  yet  there  might  have 
remained  to  tell,  is  better  expreffed  in  that  elo- 
quent filence.  Of  one  of  the  moft  memorable  in- 
cidents in  ourEnglifti  hiftory,more  than  enough 
will  perhaps  be  thought  to  have  been  faid  in 
thefe  pages.     But  it  had  confequences  which 

*  Uarl.  MSS.  162,  f.  329  b. 


376 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


Struggle 
of  Com- 
mons 
againft 
Crown , 


Why  fuc- 
ceflTul. 


Queftion    were  not  determined  even  when  the  ftruggle 

not  fettled  .  -  .  °f , 

in  one  of  that  generation  cealed,  and  its  adlors,  noble 
Sn!"^^'  ^"^  ignoble,  were  alfo  pafled  into  filence. 
Every  popular  privilege  won  by  the  Commons 
in  the  long  fubfequent  ftruggle  with  the 
Crown,  owed  fomething  to  this  firft  grand 
conflicft :  and  if  their  rights  and  powers  are 
at  laft  harmonioufly  adjufted,  it  is  becaufe,  in 
the  momentous  fcenes  which  have  been  here 
defcribed,  violence  in  the  Chief  of  the  State 
was  at  once  met  by  prompt  refiftance ;  and 
allegiance  to  a  fovereign  who  had  broken  the 
laws,  was  held  of  lefs  account  than  that  higher 
allegiance  which  all  good  men  owe  to  their 
country  and  to  pofterity. 

§  XL.     Conclusion. 
Arreft  of       \^   ^^^y  introdu(5tory  remarks  it  was  ftated 

members  3, 

deliberate  that  the  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members  was  no 
•  exceptional  ad  on  the  part  of  Charles  the  Firft, 

extreme  and  violent  as  it  was,  but  fhowed 
a  ftri(5l  agreement  with  what  had  gone  before 
it ;  and,  happily  for  thofe  againft  whom  it  was 
aimed,  only  baffled  its  own  deliberate  and  well- 
planned  defign  by  betraying  it  prematurely. 
The  juftification  of  the  leaders  of  the  Com- 
mons for  the  courfe  they  immediately  took, 
with   all    its    daring   refponfibilities,   confifted 

Only  to  be  folely  in  this.     Force  was  to  be  met  by  force  ; 

way.  1  and  when  Charles  and  his  armed  attendants 
I  pafled  through    the  lobby  of  the   Houfe  of 


How 
baffled. 


§  XL.     Conclujion,  377 


II 


Commons  on  the  4th  of  January,  the  Civil  '^^  ^'^'^ 
War  fubftantially  had  begun.  Clarendon  him-  gm  by  It. 
felf  admits  as  much  when  he  calls  it  '^  the  moft 
"  vifible  introdu6lion  to  all  the  mifery  that 
"  afterwards  befell  the  King  and  Kingdom."* 

The  arreft  of  the  Five  Members  was  the  final  ne6Hon' 
ftage  of  the  ftruggle  againft  the  Grand  Remon-  with 
ftrance.     That  Appeal  to  the  nation  was  de-  ftrance. 
figned  to  exprefs  the  danger  which  had  arifen  to 
the  popular  caufe  from  defedlions  of  its  former 
fupporters,  to  exhibit  the  paft  as  a  warning  for 
the  future,  plainly  to  fet  forth  the  prefent  in-  Defign  of 
fecurity    of  every  conceflion   that   had   been  jti-aTce"^ 
wrung   from    the    King,  and   to    invoke  the 
People  to  defend  and  keep  what  had  been  won 
for  them  fo  hardly.     The  Arreft  was  a  violent  ^"1^*^°^ 
effort  to  reverfe  the  eleven  votes  by  which  the 
vidory  was   achieved,   and    to  conftitute    the 
leaders  of  the   minority,  to  whom  the  higheft 
offices  in  the  State  had  meanwhile  been  given, 
matters   of  the   Houfe   of  Commons.     The  ^°  '"^^^ 

the  mino- 

iffue  was  a  plain  one,  and  admitted  only  of  the  rity  maf- 
harfh    arbitrament    to    which    finally    it    was  Houfc  *  ^ 
brought. 

If,  indeed,  it  had  been  pofTible  to  believe 
that  it  was  in  the  nature  of  Charles  the  Firft  to 
have  left  it  honeftly  to  fuch  men  as  Falkland, 
Culpeper,  and  Hyde  to  adminifter  the  Govern-  improba- 
ment  fubjed:  to  fuch  conceffions  and  fafeguards 
as  had  been  wrefted  from  the  prerogative  during 

*  State  Papers  :  Supplement  to  vol.  iii.  p.  Iv. 


37^  Arreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

the  paft  year,  there  might  have  been  a  cafe 

Peculiar     agalnft  the  adoption  of  meafures  which  forbade 

oF'Kin'g.    ^^^  poffibility  of  compromife.  But  a  peculiar  ne- 

ceflity  was  created  by  the  charafter  and  opinions 

of  the  King.  It  was  not  merely  that  his  bad  faith 

was  ineradicable ;   it  was  not  even  that  he  was 

underftood  to  hold  the  high  monarchical  theory 

Nullity  of  of  the  nullity  of  ftatutes  in  diredt  reftraint  of 

ftatutes  in  ^j^^  prerogative  ;  but  that  he  was  known  to 

bar  or  pre-  ,  . 

rogadve,  entertain  the  belief,  that,  in  reludlantly  giving 
afTent  to  the  moft  important  of  the  meafures 
pafTed  by  the  Long  Parliament,  he  was  giving 
it  under  compulfion,  and  that  fuch  aflent  was 

All  recent  therefore  ipfo  faBo  invalid.     With  thefe  views, 

3.ClS  1 11 

peril,         let  him  once   be  relieved  from  preffure  and 
everything  gained  for  public  liberty  was  loft. 
Clarendon  himfelf  informs  us  that  his  Attor- 
ney-General, Herbert,  had  encouraged  him  in 
the  notion  that  the  a6b  againft  the  difTolution 
of  the  Parliament  without  its  own  confent  was 
for  fuch  reafons  void  ;*  and  in  mentioning  his 
aflent  to  the  Bill  excluding  the  Bifhops  from 
Parliament,  he  makes  ufe  of  thefe  remarkable 
Aflent       exprefTions  :  j-  "  An  opinion  that  the  violence 
pulfion^'^" "  ^"^  force  ufed  in  procuring  it  rendered  it 
void,         "  abfolutely  invalid  and  void,   made  the  con- 
"  firmation  of  it  lefs  confidered,  as  not  being 
"  of  ftrength  to  make  that   ad  good,  which 
Dangerous  cc  ^^s  in  itfelf  null.    And  I  doubt  this  lo7ic  had 

logic.  o 

*  Life  a]id  Continuation,  i.  206-211. 
f   Hist.  ii.  253, 


§  XL.     Conclujlon,  379 

"  an  influence  upon  other  a£is  of  m  lefs  moment 
"  than  theje.^^  How  was  It  poflible  to  deal 
on  equal  terms  with  fuch  an  antagonift  ? 

Let  the  pofitlon  be  confidered,  too,  in  which  Pofition  of 
a  charge  of  treafon  fpecifically  made,  and  which  accufed. 
yet    the   accufer  would  neither    profecute  nor 
retradt,  left  thofe  who  were  fo  accufed.     That 
ftartling  remark  of  Hollis  with  which  my  nar- 
rative clofes,  throws  confiderable  light  upon 
this  point ;  and  Whitelock  has  an  obfervation 
to    the   effedt  that  the  moft    powerful  of  the  Refufal  to 
members    accufed    (he   alludes   to   Pym  and  P''°^^.^il*'^ 

_    ^  /or  with- 

Hampden)   peculiarly  refented  the  King's  re-  draw 
fufal  fpecifically  to  withdraw  the  charge.*    So  '^  ^^^^' 
much   indeed   has    been    frankly    avowed   by 
Pym    himfelf.     In  the  Vindication  which    he 
publifhed  when  the  war  broke  out,  he  does  not 
hefitate  to  avow  that  from  the  hour  of  that "  vindi- 
unjuft    impeachment    his   own   condu6l   was  ^Y^m.     ° 
changed.      "  When,"  he    fays,   "  I   perceived 
''  my  life   aimed  at,  and   heard  myfelf  pro- 
^'  fcrlbed  as  a  traitor,  merely  for  my  intirenefs 
*'  of  heart  to  the  fervice  of  my  country  ;  when 
**  I  was  informed  that    I,    with   fome   other 
"  honorable  and  worthy  members  of  the  par- 
"  liament,  were,  againft  the  privileges  thereof.  Why  he 
"  demanded  even  in  the  parliament  houfe  by  5^55^"^^^^^ 
"his    Majefty,    attended   by  a    multitude   of^fterar- 
*'  men-at-arms    and   malignants,  —  while   for 
"  my  own  part  I  never  harboured  a  thought 

*  And  see  Memcrials,  i.  158  (Ed.  1853). 


380  Arreft  of  the  Five  Members. 

Parlia-       <c  which  tended  to  any  diflervice  to  his  Ma- 

ment  his        ,  ,    -,  ,      -  .  .  •     j-    •   1 

only  *^  jelly,  nor  ever  had  any  nitention  prejudicial 

refuge.       c  t  ^q  ^^  State, — no  man  will  think  me  blame- 
"  worthy  in  that  I  took  a  care  of  my  own 
"  fafety,  and  fled  for  refuge  to  the  protection 
"  of  the  Parliament."     But  how  much  more 
intolerable  fuch  condud  to  a  man  who  had 
Traitor  or  refufed,   only  a   few   days  earlier,  one  of  the 
higheft  employments  in  the  State,  proffered 
to  him  by  his  accufer ! 
King  will       Xhe  dogged  obftinacy  which  was  alfo  a  moft 
thing  but   material  feature  in  the  character  of  the  King, 
chlr'^r"'  '^^^    ^^^"    ^^^^    indeed  ftartlingly   difplayed. 
The  day  after  the  return  of  the  Five  Mem- 
bers, he  fent  a  meflage  to  fay  that  he  waived 
Willwaive  ^}^g  impeachment  begun  on  the   ^d,   and  in- 

impeach-  ^  °  ,  . 

ment :  tended  to  proceed  thereupon  in  an  unqueftion- 
able  way.  The  next  morning,  replying  at 
Windfor  to  the  petition  of  the  Freeholders  of 
Bucks,  he  told  Mr.  Hampden's  conftltuents, 
not  that  the  charge  was  withdrawn,  but  that 
he  would  much  rather  that  worthy  gentleman 

Hampden"  ^^^^'^  prove  innoccnt  than  be  found  guilty, 

is  inno-  and  that  meanwhile  he  jfhould  not  conlider  his 
crimes  as  in  any  fort  refleding  upon  thofe 
good  fubjeds  who  had  eleded  him  as  their 
knight  of  the  Ihire  !  Eight  days  later,  the 
Houfe    afked    for    proofs   of  the    charge :  to 

will  indift  ^hich  after  three  days  he  replied,  that  he  could 

at  common  _  -'  r         * 

law :  not  difclofe  his  proofs,  but  that  no  time  fhould 

be  loft  in  preferring  an  indidlment  at  common 


§  XL.     Conclufion.  381 

law  in   the  ufual  way.     Nine  days  later,  the  "^^^^ 
Houfe  demanded  once  more  to  be  informed,  all  pro- 
before  a  fpeciai  day  named,  as  to  the  nature  "^'^'"gs : 
and  proofs  of  the  alleged  treafon  with  a  view 
to  early  and  legal  trial  thereof:   to  which  the 
King  replied  by  deferting  the  intended  profecu- 
tion  altogether,  and  by  offering  a  general  pardon,  will  give 

m~m~t  cox  ffcncrs.! 

The  Houfe  then  fpecifically  claimed  as  their  pardon : 
right,  under  certain  ftatutes  which  they  cited, 
that  the  King  fhould  not  only,  in  addition,  clear 
the  members  perfonally,  but  give  up  the  names 
of  the  counfellors  under  whofe  advice  they  had 
unjuftly  fuffered.      Still    he   was  immovable,  but 
A  Bill  for  the  acquittal  of  the  Members  was  nothing- 
thereupon  pafled,  and  an  impeachment  of  the 
Attorney-General  voted.     To   fave    Herbert 
from  punifhment,  he  would  at  once  have  taken  Attomey- 
all  refponfibility  to  himfelf ;  and  he  offered  the  \^_ 
Houfe  any  kind  of  fatiffadlion,  excepting  always  Poached : 
that  which  they  claimed.     Immediately  before 
the  civil  war  broke  out,  the  Attorney-General  and 
was  difabled  from  being  a  member  afTiftant,  or  ^""^  ^^ 
pleader,  in  either  Houfe  of  Parliament,  and 
committed   to  the  Fleet :  but  ftill  the  King  yj^^t  ftiii 
remained  obdurate  and  unimprefTible  as  ever.  ''"- 
Nay,  after  the  civil  war  had  begun,  and  when 
the  firfl  attempt  was  made  to  mediate  at  Ox- 
ford after  the  battle  of  Edgehill,  '^  a  bill  to 
"  vindicate  the  5  members "  was  among  the  Qne  of  the 
propofitions  fubmitted  ;  when  again  he  refufed  Oxford 
it,  and  angrily  interrupted  the  CommiiTioners.  fuions. 


382  Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 

The  Earl  So  angrily,  adds  Whitelock,*  that  the  Earl  of 
King/  Northumberland,  who  led  upon  the  Parliament 
fide,  jfhowed  a  fober  and  ftout  carriage,  and 
on  being  once  more  interrupted,  faid  fmartly, 
"  Tour  Majejiy  will  give  me  leave  to  proceed?''^ 
'^  Aye,  aye!"  replied  the  King.f 

It  need  hardly  furprife  us,  after  this  recital. 
Strong  to  be  told  by  the  memorialift  that  the  moft 
difcon-  ^^  moderate  members  of  parliament  held  it 
tent:  matter  of  great  difcontent,  that,  except  by 
general  waiver  and  withdrawal  of  further 
ftated  by  proceedings,  the  imputation  of  treafon  was 
White-     never  removed  from  men  in  whom  the  Houfe 

lock. 

*  Memorials y  i.  196. 

f  The  greater  portion  of  this  paper  war  of  petitions  and 
replies  which  had  enfued  will  be  found  in  Rufliworth  {Coll.  III. 
Paperwar.  i.  434-494)'  Clarendon  (//z/?.  ii.  173-178)  has  alio  largely- 
quoted  them,  and  it  is  manifeft  that  fome  of  them  bear  the 
marks  of  his  hand.  Nor  do  I  ever  read  one  of  Hyde's  Hate 
papers  of  this  kind  without  feeling  the  truth  of  that  old 
courtier's  comment  on  their  new  ally  which  is  mentioned  by 
Blunt  Sir  Philip  Warwick  {Memoirs,  217):  "Our  good  pen  will 

better  "harm  us:"   or,  as  Sir  Philip   himfelf  puts  it,  "A  blunt 

than  keen   "would  have  ferved  us   better  than  fo  keen  a  nib."     An 
nib.  ivory  knife  cuts  paper  better  than  a  fteel  blade  (as  Swift  had 

occafion  to  remind   a  high-flying    Secretary  in  later  time), 
and  it  is  quite  poffible,  both  in  the  higher  and  lower  depart- 
ments, to  have  the  work  of  the  State  too  fharply  done.    There 
Burleigh     is  a  ftory  told,  fomething  to  the  purpofe,  of  Lord  Burleigh 
and  Cecil,  and  his  fon  Cecil.     Being  at  Council,  and  reading  an  order 
penned   by  a  new  clerk  who  was  reputed  a  wit  and  fcholar, 
he  flung  it  downward  to  the  lower  end  of  the  table  to  his 
fon,  the  Secretary,  faying,   "  Mr.    Secretary,    you    bring    in 
"  clerks  of  the    council  who  will  corrupt  tlie   gravity    and 
"  dignity  of  the  ftyle  of  the  Board:  "  to  which  the  Secretary 
replied  :  "  I  pray,  my  Lord,  pardon  this.     The  gentleman 
Tooclever  "  is  not  warm  in  his  place,  and  hath  had  fo  little  to  do,  that 
Clerk  of     "  he  is  wanton  with  his  pen  ;  but  I  will  put  fo  much  bufmefs 
Council.      "  upon  him,  that  he  fhall  be  willing  to  obferve  your  woi-fhip's 
"  direftlons." 


§  XL.     Conclujion.  383 

repofed  Its  higheft  confidence.      But,  in  the  Claren- 
face  of  fuch  fads,  what  becomes  of  Clarendon's  fence  of 
affertion  that  the  Arreft  was  a  fudden  ad  as  Charles, 
fuddenly  repented  of;  that  no  circumftance  of 
deliberation    attended  it ;     and    that   it   was 
followed,  not    by    hardy    and   obftinate    per- 
fiftence,     but    by    the    inftant    trouble    and 
agony   which    attends    ufually   the    generous 
mind,    upon   Its  having   unrefledlngly    com- 
mitted what  it   promptly  perceives  to  be  an 
error. 

It  feems  to  me  very  neceflary,  in  clofing  xhe  truth 
this  work,  to  fix  attention  upon  fuch  deliberate  mif-ftated : 
perverfions    of  the   truth,   becaufe  they  con- 
ftitute  for  the  moft  part,  with  all  writers  of  a 
particular  clafs,    the    fole    ground   of  attack  as  a 
againft  the  Commons  for  having  treated  the  fffailing"'^ 
outrage  of  the  4th  of  January  as  a  challenge  Commons, 
to  civil  war.     Nothing  Is  more  certain  than 
that,  even  while  the  outrage  Itfelf  was  ftill  in 
progrefs,  there  was  time  for   refledlon  pre- 
fented   to  its    author ;     and  that  If  this   had 
been  properly  employed,  at  leaft  fome  of  the 
difaftrous  confequences  might  have  been  in- 
tercepted.      Let  me  here,    therefore,    briefly 
recall  In  what  way  it  was  employed. 

Without   adopting  Whitelock's  view   that  Doubtful 
if  Charles  had  promptly  withdrawn  the  Im-  ^"hije""^ 
peachment    little    more   trouble    might    have  lock, 
attended  it  (a  view  which  makes   too   fmall 
allowance  for   the  fettled   dlftrufl  which  his 


384 


Arrefi  of  the  Five  Members. 


^ff^a^^l"^    previous  condud  had  infplred),  it  is  yet  very 

withdraw-  far  from  impolTible  but  that,  frankly  done  at 

charce       ^^  ^x^^  it  might  Certainly  have  recovered  fo 

much  ground  for  the  King  as  not  wholly  yet 

to  have  broken  and  difperfed  his  party  in  the 

City.   Not  only,  however,  did  he  fullenly  leave 

the  charge  rankling  in  the  breafts  of  fuch  men 

Effeftof    all  powerful  in  debate  as  Hampden  and  Pym, 

obftinate    whom    it  ever   afterwards    indifpofed  to    any 

refufal.      mediation  or  compromife  ;    not  only  did  he 

refufe  to  withdraw  it,  as  we  have  feen,  when 

finally  compelled  to  withdraw  all  proceedings ; 

but,  up  to  the  day  when  the  ftorm  broke  over 

him  under  which  he  had  to  yield,  and  which 

Perfiftence  ^^th  an  obftinate  impaflivenefs  he  had  watched 

as  from   day  to  day  it  made  darker  the  fkies 

above  him,  not  a  word  was  uttered  by  him,  or 

an  a6l  done,  of  which  the  manifeft  and  unmif- 

takeable  tendency  was  not  to  exaggerate  every 

danger,  and  to  confirm  and  extend  all  the  fears, 

generated  by  his  firft  rafh  attempt. 

There  was  but  an  interval  of  fix  days 
between  his  entering  the  Houfe  of  Com- 
mons and  his  flight  from  Whitehall ;  and 
in  that  interval,  Clarendon  tells  us,  he  had 
renewed  his  commands  to  himfelf,  Falk- 
land, and  Culpeper,  to  give  him  conftant 
Good  ad-  ^^vicc  what  he  was  to  do.*  What,  then, 
vifers  pro-  having  the  ineftimable  benefit  and  advantage 
of  fuch  confefl'ed   advifers,  did  he  do?      In 


in  the 
outrage, 


Interval 
for  good 
advice. 


Life  and  Continuation,  i.  101-2. 


§  XL.     Conclufton,  385 

full  view  of  the  danger  efcaped  by  failure  of 
his  inftrudions  on  the  evening  of  the  3rd  of 
January  for  firing  on  the  Citizens,  and  of  the  j^^^^j^ 
miftake  committed  by  failure  of  his  attempt  upon  the 
on  the  morning  of  the  4th  for  feizing  on  the    '"^' 
Members,  what  were  the  fteps  taken,  under 
fuch  advice  as  Hyde  admits  him  now  to  have 
had  the  full  opportunity  to  profit  by — to  ex- 
prefs  regret  or  make  reparation  ?     What,  in  a  Events 

1^0  r  f  between 

word,  was  the  courfe  he  took  at  that  pomt  of  4th  and 
time  which  Clarendon  fixes  beyond  queflion  gjy     ""' 
as  "  before  he  left  Whitehall  ? " 

On  the  night  of  the  4th,  with  thofe  ominous 
founds  of  Privilege  !  Privilege  1  ftill  ringing  in 
his  ears  which  had  followed  him  as  he  left  the 
Houfe  that  day,  he  caufed  a  Proclamation  to  Prodama- 
be  ifTued,  declaring  that  certain   members  of  *'°".  „ 

'  o  _        againlt 

the  Houfe  of  Commons  were  under  accufation  Members, 
of  High   Treafon,  and  ordering  the  ports  of 
the  kingdom  to  be  clofed  againfl  any  attempt 
they  fhould  make  to  evade  juflice.     On  the    j^  ^  ^  ^ 
morning  of  the  5th,  he  ifTued  under  his  own  King's 
hand  Warrants  for  their  arrefl  addrefTed  to  the  and  vmt^ 
Sheriffs  of  London.    On  that  day,  alfo,  he  went  ^°  Guild- 
himfelf  to  the  City,  and  in  perfon  demanded 
that  the  accufed,  whom  he  knew  to  be  con- 
cealed therein,  fhould  be  delivered  up  to  him. 
On  that  evening,  he  drew  up  with  his  own  5th :  p.  m. 
hand  a  fecond  Proclamation  againfl  harbouring  |^j.^°"^_ 
the  men  whom  he  defignated  as  traitors.     On  mation. 
the  morning    of   the    6th,  he    difpatched   a 


386  Jrreji  of  the  Five  Members. 

6th :  A.  M.  Royal  Serjeant  into  the  City  with  orders  to 
ientTo"'  efFedt  the  arreft.  On  the  7th,  the  Common 
arreft.  Council  voted  their  petition  in  behalf  of 
popular  rights  ;  and  on  the  fame  day,  fuch 
evidence  was  taken  by  the  Committee  at 
yth:  A.M.  Grocers'  Hall  ("upon  queftions," fays Claren- 

Common     j  ,,       i  r  •  ^• 

Council  don,  "  whereor  many  were  very  imperti- 
Petition.  cc  nent  and  of  little  refped  to  the  King") 
as  conclufively  eftabliflied  the  danger  to  which 
the  Commons  had  been  expofed.  On  the 
gth:  A.  M.  8  th,  the  day  when  Lord  Falkland  was  formally 
Mlnifteis  fwom  in  before  the  Council  as  one  of  His 
at  Council- Ma'i eft  v's  principal   Secretaries  of  State,  and 

Board.  1  .  r         1  r     1       r- 

the  mornmg  arter  that  vote  or  the  Committee 

which  invited  the  accufed  publicly  to   refume 

on  the  following  Monday  their  places  and  duties 

as  reprefentatives  of  the  people,  there  came 

Same  day:  forth  a    third   Proclamation   from  the    King 

Proclama-  reiterating  againft  the  members  the  accufation 

*'°".  o      of  high  treafon,  and  commanding  all  magif- 

Members :  trates    and  officers  throughout   the   kingdom 

to  apprehend  them  and   convey  them  to  the 

Tower.     Moreover,  on  that  fame  day  of  the 

an^  8th,  a  private  order  was  fent  from  the  Council 

order  from  Board,  at  which  Falkland  had  taken  the  oaths 

Coxmcil     ^.^^   j^jg    feat    \^^^   2in  hour   or   two    earlier, 

lioard.  ....  .  . 

giving  inftru6tions  for  proceedings  againft 
thofe  (notorioufly  the  members  for  the  City) 
who,  upon  the  fudden  alarm  of  two  nights  before, 
had  called  out  the  Train  Bands  for  protection 
of  the  Citizens.      Was  it  poflible    that  the 


§  XL.     Conclujton.  387 

Houfe  of  Commons,  how  reluftant  foever  to 
enter  on  the  ftruggle,  could  in  fuch  circum- 
ftances  as  thefe  have  declined  or  evaded  it  ? 

There  was  manifestly    no   alternative  left. 
Such  middle  courfe  as  D'Ewes  would  have  No  middle 
propofed   before  reforting   to    an    open  defi-  fibk.^^° ' 
ance,  was  fimply  hopelefs.       It  had  become 
clear  that   the   attempt   upon   the   Members 
could  not   be   defeated   without    a   complete 
overthrow  of  the  power  of  the  King.      He 
could  not  remain  at  Whitehall  if  they  returned 
to  Weftminfter.     Charles  raifed  the  iffue,  the  Accept. 
Commons  accepted  it,  and  fo  began  our  Great  i/Tue 
Civil  War.     The  King  drew  the  fword  upon  '■^^^^^• 
the  day  when  he  went  with  his  armed  follow- 
ers to  arreft  the  Five  Members  in  their  places 
in  the  Houfe.     The  Houfe  of  Commons  un- 
furled their  ftandard  on  the  day  when,  declin- 
ing to  furrender  their  members,  they  branded  ^^^^n 
with  the  epithet  of  a  Scandalous    Paper  the 
articles  of  impeachment  ifTued  by  the  King. 


INDEX, 


Alifon. 
Alison,     Sir    William    (York,) 

Ipeaks  againft  Lunfltbrd,  36. 
Argyle,    Archibald     Marquis   of, 

made   Scottifh    Chancellor,    17. 

(See  Montrofe.) 
Arreft,    privileges     of    Commons 

againft,  explained  and  aflerted, 

213  14.,  304-5,  307-8.  315- 
Arreft  of  the  Five  Members.     See 

Fi-ue  Members. 
Attorney-Gen.  See  Herbert,  Sir  E. 
Authorities  cited  or  referred  to  : 
MS.    See  Bere.  Carterett.  Bering. 

Do-ixjfe.    Latche.    Marjion.    Ni- 

cholas.   Porter.  Slingjby.  Smith, 

(T/iomas).  IVindebank.  Wifeman, 

{Thomas). 

Printed.  S>tt  Bramjion.  Bruce. 

Butler.  Clarendon.  Echard.  Eikon 

Bafilike.  Filmer.  Forjler.  Guizot. 

Racket.  Hall.    Hallam.    Heath. 

Heyljn.  Hobbes.  Hoivell.  Hume. 

Hiitchinfon.  Lenvis.   Lilly.    Ma- 

caulay.     Nalfon.  Napier.   Pepys. 

Rujh-worth.   Rujfell, {Lord John). 

Sandford.     Verney.      War-wick, 

(Sir  P.).    Whitelock.     Wright. 
Ayleftjury,  Mr.  writes  from  Rome 

to  Hyde,  224,  225  note. 

Baal,  or  Ball,  Peter,  Queen's  At- 
torney, 129  note. 

Balfour,  Sir  William,  removed 
from  governorftiip  of  the  Tower, 
34.  Clarendon's  Note  thereon, 
and  on  his  Succeffor,  35  note. 

Balgony,  Leftie,  Field  Marftial  of, 
made  an  Englifh  Earl,  17. 


Bere. 
Banks,    Sir    John,     to    be    Lord 

Treafurer,  30  note. 
Barberino,     Cardinal    Francefco, 
makes  "  particular  mention  "  of 
Pym  and  his  friends,  225  note. 
Barrington,    Sir    Thomas    (Col- 
chefter),  37.     Named  on  Com- 
mittee of  Safety,  280. 
Bates,  Dr.  on  Lady  Carlifle's  con- 
nexion with  Pym  and  his  friends, 
137.   On  Advifers  of  the  King's 
Vifitto  the  Houfe,  137. 140.  141. 
Bath,  Earl  of,  to  be  a  Privy  Coun- 

fellor,  58. 
Baxter,    Richard,    on    the    term 

"Roundhead",  136 — j  notes. 
Baynton,  Sir   Edward   (Chippen- 
ham), on  fecret  communications 
to  the  King,  210. 
Bedford,  Earl  of,  joins  in  Proteft 
relative  to  Lunfford's  removal, 
36  note.  65. 
Beedham,  Mr.  87  note. 
Bellafis,  H.  (Yorkftiire),  motion  of, 
relative  to  the  Biftiops,  102  note. 
Suggefls  attempt  at   accommo- 
dation with  the  King,  201  note. 
Bere,  Sidney    (Correfpondent    of 
Admiral       Pennington),       ap- 
pointed Under  Secretary,  5.   De- 
fcribes    Oppoiition   to    printing 
the    Remonftrance,    5,    6.     On 
Charles's    Vifit     to    City,    22. 
Fears  and  diftraftions  daily  in- 
creafmg,     26.      On     Secretary 
Nicholas's  worth,  26,  27.  notes. 
Court    difmiflals    and   appoint- 
ments,   30    note.     Difmiffal   of 


Index. 


390 

Biron. 
Young  Vane,   53.     Further  on 
Official  changes,  King's  move- 
ments, and  his  own  probable  dif- 
miffal,  56  and  7iote.     On  Com- 
motion arifing  out  of  the  Lunl- 
ford   affair,    69,    70.      On   the 
Bifhops   and  their  Proteftation, 
96    note.     Reports    their    Com- 
mittal to  the  Tower,  98.      His 
fears  and  hopes  on  the  occafion, 
99  and  note.     On  King's  Vifit 
to  the  Houfe  to   feize  the  Five 
Members,  194,  195,  notes.     His 
dread  as  to  ultimate  refult :  fly- 
ing rumours,  203,  204.     Why- 
he  declines  a  Chriftmas  Invita- 
tion, 204  note.    Rumours  againft 
Lords  Briftol  and   Digby,  206. 
On    Secret    Service  amgned    to 
the  Admiral,  361.    King'sflight 
and  difquietude  of  his  Counfel- 
lors,  361 — 363.    Union  between 
the  two  Houfes,  363,  364  notes. 
Defcribes  Return  of  Members, 
370.  371  note. 
Biron,  Sir  John,  appointed  Tower 
Governor,   ^ice   Lunftord,  70. 
*'  Little  better  accepted  than  the 
other",  77,   Called  before  Com- 
mons'    Committee,     334.    341. 
His  Meflage  to  them,  355.    Su- 
perfeded,  355  note.  '^64.  note. 
Bifliops,   Petition  againft  enforce- 
ment of  Liturgy  by  the,  32  note. 
Courfe  taken   by  them  on  ac- 
count of  the  Tumults,  89.    Pur- 
port oFtheir  Proteftation  thereon, 
89 — 91.     Real  Author  of  Pro- 
teftation :    objeft    contemplated 
by  him,  91,     What  might  have 
followed  had  Proteft  been  ad- 
mitted, 92.     Provocation  given, 
92,  93,     Biftiop  Hall's  account 
of  what  led  to  the  Proteftation, 
93,94.     Clarendon's  Account : 
Courfe  taken  by  King,  94,  95. 
Prompt  aftion  of  Commons,  95. 
Cromwell       as     to      Epifcopal 
Spirit,  96.     Sidney  Bere's  ftric- 
tures  on  the  protefting  Prelates, 


Buckingham, 
ibid,  note.  Their  conduil:  con- 
demned by  Clarendon,  96,  97. 
His  opinion  of  their  Impeach- 
ment, 97.  View  taken  by  Pen- 
nington's Correfpondents,  97 — 
100,  Real  drift  of  Proteft,  100, 
Glyn  fent  up  to  impeach  them, 
loi.  Hacket's  Lament  for 
them  :  feelings  of  the  Lords, 
ibid,  note.  Tower  Gates  clofed 
upon  them,  102.  Civilities  ex- 
changed while  in  durance,  103 
note.  D'Ewes's  comments,  104, 
105.  Tower  preferable  to  Black 
Rod's  Cuftody,  105  and  note. 
Delight  of  Commons  at  their 
folly,  105,  106.  See  alfo  173. 
174  and  notes.  341. 
Bodvill,    Mr.   John    (Anglefey), 

and  the  Clerk's  Journals,  231. 
Bolingbroke,  Earl  of,  36  note. 
Bofwell,  Sir  John,  204  note. 
Bramfton   on   Attack   on    Arch- 
bifliop  Williams,  71,  92.     His 
account  compared  with  Claren- 
don's and  Hacket's,  89  note. 
« Bridle  "    the,    for    too    reftlefs 

Citizens,  33. 
Briftol,  John  Earl  of:  to  be  Cham- 
berlain, 30  note.  Commons' 
Charge  againft  him,  78.  82,  83. 
Spanifti  Match  expedition,  82. 
Beft  account  of  that  mad  freak, 
Sz  note  \.  Cromwell  denounces 
him,  83.  Rumours  againft  him 
and  his  fon,  206.  See  Digby. 
Brooke,  Lord,  36  note.     Honour 

defignated  for  iiim,  58. 
Brown,   Mr.    Clerk  of  Houfe   of 

Lords,  303. 
Brown,  Mr.  R.  (Romney),  brings 

up  Lincoln's  Inn  reply,  176. 
Brown,   Sir   A.  (Surrey),  reports 

flander  on  Pym,  358  note. 
Bruce,    John,    Efq.    Note  by,  20 

note  *, 
Buckingham  Freeholders  come  to 
London,    338,   339.    357,   373. 
Their      numbers,      339      note. 
Hampden's  ftiare  in  their  peti- 


Index, 


391 


Buckle. 


Charles  I. 


tion,  34.0,  341  notes.  373  note. 
Debate  as  to  receiving  them. 
353.  35+-  373-  Called  in,  374. 
King's  reply  to  their  Petition, 
380.     See  Goodivin.    Hampden, 

Buckle,  "  One  Mr."  ;  Threat  ut- 
tered by,  169. 

Bullock,  Mr.  372, 

Burleigh,  Lord,  Anecdote  of,  382 
note. 

Butler,  Samuel,  couplet  quoted 
from,  344  note. 

Byron.     See  Biron. 

Camden  Society  Books  rich  in 
illuftrations  of  period  comprifed 
in  this  work,  49  note.  (Rota- 
tions therefrom.  See  Bramjion. 
Ferney. 

Carew,  Alexander  (Cornwall)  279. 

Carlifle,  Earl  of,  36  note.  37  note. 
See  Hayy  Lord. 

Carlifle,  Lucy  Countefs  of:  has 
Intercourfe  with  both  parties,  15. 
Communicates  Court  Secrets  to 
popular  Leaders,  16.  Caufes  of 
her  betrayal  of  the  King's  party, 
133 — 135.  Sir  P.  Warwick's 
Scandal  about  her,  135, 156  and 
notes.  Dr.  Bates's  more  com- 
plimentary interpretation,  137, 
Refult  of  her  clofetings  with  the 
Queen,  138,  139.  Gratitude 
exprefl'ed  for  her  fervices,  140. 
Dangers  averted  by  herwarning, 
144.  145  note.  195.  Precife 
moment  of  her  communication 
of  King's  intentions,  175. 

Carterett,  Captain,  Correfpondent 
of  Admiral  Pennington,  51. 
Clarendon's  teftimony  to  his 
eminence,  52.  Reports  difmiflal 
of  the  two  Vanes,  ibid.  Parlia- 
mentary appreciation  of  his  fer- 
vices, ibid,  note.  Announces  the 
publication  of  theRemonftrance, 
60.  His  refleftions  on  affairs, 
60,  61.  Confirms  fa6l  of  Lunf- 
ford's  knighthood  and  penfion, 
70  note.     On  caufes  of  popular 


difquietude,  287.  296,  297,  His 
later  career,  366  note. 

Cavalier,  firft  ufe  of  the  epithet, 
62.  Senfe  in  which  it  was  ufed: 
inftances  cited,  62,  63  notes. 
William  Lilly  on  the  fame  fub- 
jeft,  64,  65  notes.  See  341.  See 
Roundhead. 

Cave,  Sir  R.  (Lichfield)  named  on 
Committee  of  Safety,  280. 

Cecil's  excufe  for  a  Clerk's  "wan- 
ton pen",  382  note. 

Chadwell,  William  (St.  Michaels), 
munimental  trick  attempted  by, 
244,  245.  His  narrow  efcape, 
245  and  note. 

Chambers,  John,  depofes  to  vio- 
lence of  King's  Guard,  327. 

Chandois,  Lord,  37  note. 

Charles,  Elector  Palatine,  accom- 
panies the  King  into  the  Houfe, 
184,  185.  Joins  him  in  his 
flight,  361.  A  Prince's  pri- 
vations, 365  note. 

Charles  the  Firft,  fatal  day  in  the 
life  of,  I.  His  attempt  on  Five 
Members  correftly  ftated  in 
Eikon  Bafilike,  2.  Services  ren- 
dered to  him  by  Admiral  Pen- 
nington, 3.  Was  Lord  Digby 
fole  advifer  of  the  arreft  ?  10. 
Charges  intended  againft  Pym 
and  Hampden,  12.  His  ways 
of  dealing  with  opponents  :  al- 
ways too  late,  12,  13.  Refults 
of  hisobftinacy,  14.  Clarendon's 
verfion  of  his  confultations  with 
Lord  Digby  and  their  betrayal, 
15  note.  Nicholas's  communi- 
cation relative  to  Lord  Kimbol- 
ton,i5,  16.  H is conduft towards 
avowed  Rebels  and  popular 
Leaders  contrafted,  17,  18.  En- 
larges fcope  of  his  accufation 
againft  the  latter,  18.  His 
"  confident  and  fevere  look", 
20,  His  felf-deception  on 
ftrength  of  Royalift  party  in 
City,  21.  Contemporary  ac- 
counts of  his   reception  there, 


392 


Index. 


Charles  I. 


21,  22.  Confers  honours  on 
City  Magnates,  22.  Adulatory 
Reports,  ibid.  note.  Probable' 
efFe6t  of  Lenthal's  defire  to  re- 
fign,  22,  23.  25.  Inftances  of 
hisfbolhardinefs,  29.  Aflails  pri- 
vileges of  Commons,  30,  31, 
His  double  provocation  of  the 
Puritans,  31.  Confequences  of 
his  reprieve  of  condemned  Je- 
fuits  31,  32  note.  His  Warrant 
appointing  Lunfford  Tower 
Governor,  34. «o/f.  Refponfibility 
for  that  zSi,  35  note.  Alleged 
reafon  for  difmiflal  of  Lord  New- 
port, 37.  Gives  Lord  Newport 
the  lie  and  retrafts,  38,  39.  En- 
deavours to  win  Pym  to  his  fide, 
42,  43.  Why  his  efforts  failed, 
42  note.  Pym's  fecret  influence 
over  him,  44 — 46.  Renews  oflPers 
of  place  to  Pym,  47.  Dering  on 
his  overture  to  Pym,  48.  Effefl 
on  Commons  of  his  difmifl!al  of 
young  Vane,  53.  Propofal  of 
Regency  during  his  fojourn  in 
Scotland,  56-7  note.  Negotia- 
tions in  London  with  popular 
leaders,  and  fudden  change  in 
Scotland,  57 — 8.  His  ill-advifed 
aft  on  the  Faft  day,  61.  Its  fatal 
confequences,  62.  His  indifcre- 
tion  relative  to  Volunteer  Guard, 
72.  73 — 75.  How  he  received 
Declaration  of  both  Houfes,  75. 
Juftifies  his  acceptance  of  the 
Guard,  75,  76.  Anticipated 
refult  of  his  noncompliance  with 
Commons'  defires,  80.  His  con- 
duct on  receiving  Bifliop's  Pro- 
teftation,  95.  Commons'  De- 
mand for  Guard,  109,  no.  His 
expedients  pending  his  anfwer, 
no,  III.  His  reply  and  its  ac- 
companiment, 112.  Impeach- 
ment of  Five  Members  laid  folely 
at  his  door,  113.  Anfwer,  in  his 
own  hand,  to  Petition  of  both 
Houfes  for  Guard,  1 14.  note.  His 
choice  of  Commander  a  proof  of 


Charles  I. 
infmcerity,  ibid.  His  Interview 
with  the  Commons'  Deputies, 
126.  Quellion  of  his  relponfi- 
bility  further  difcuffed,  127 — 
129.  Pernicious  fruits  of  the 
Queen's  interference,  129 — 139. 
(See  Henrietta).  His  abettors  in 
renewed  attempt  on  the  Com- 
mons, 139 — 142.  Alleged  evi- 
dence in  fupport  of  his  charge, 
142,  143.  Clarendon's  view  of 
the  matter,  ibid,  notes.  Incapable 
of  a  wife  Fear,  145.  Iflue  raifed 
by  his  attempt,  145.  Its  alleged 
"  gentlenefs,"  150  note.  His 
ftyle  of  writing,  151.  His  ad- 
vifers  and  their  fhare  of  refponfi- 
bility, 153,  154.  Attempts  to 
induce  the  citizens  to  aid  him, 
155 — 157.  His  Warrant  for  that 
objeft,  157.  158.  Whitehall 
clocks  too  late,  156.  159.  Goes 
to  the  Houfe  to  demand  the  Five 
Members,  179.  Number  and 
equipment  of  his  attendants,  180 
— 184.  Enters  "where  never 
King  was  but  once",  184,  185. 
His  reception  by  and  bearing 
towards  the  members,  185 — 187. 
His  Speech  to  the  Houfe,  with 
correftions  by  his  own  hand,  188 
— 190.  Lenthal's  Reply  to  his 
appeal,  191,192.  William  Lilly 
on  his  manner  of  Speaking,  192 
note.  His  Speech  on  finding  his 
"birds flown",  193.  His  bearing 
on  leaving  the  Houfe,  193 — 
195.  Accounts  of  the  fcene  by 
Slingfby  and  Bere,  194  note. 
D'Ewes's  account  of  what  took 
place  on  his  departure,  195 — 
200.  Mifchief  let  loofe  by  the 
aft,  206.  Hyde  his  private 
advifer,  208.  Clofeted  with 
him,  209  note.  Lilly's  verdift 
on  his  "  rafli  aftion",  217  note. 
Money  folicited  for  him  from 
Foreign  Rulers,  224.  How 
the  Commons  met  his  Pro- 
clamation   againft    Eflex,    240. 


Indew 


393 


Charles  I. 


Sir  Peter  Wentworth's  plain 
fpeaking,  242.  Sends  for  Rufh- 
worth,  251.  Their  interview, 
252.  IflTues  Proclamation  againft 
Five  Members,  253.  His  War- 
rant for  feizure  of  arms  in  City, 
257  note.  Announces  intention 
of  addrefling  City  Authorities, 
258.  His  reception  in  Guildhall, 
and  how  he  fared  by  the  way, 
258 — 263.  Wifeman's  account 
ofthe  affair,  264 — 267.  Citizens' 
anfwer  to  his  demand  for  Five 
Members,  267.  Their  advice  to 
him,  268.  His  firft  aft  on  return 
from  City,  269.  297.  Its  refpon- 
libility  entirely  his  own,  270, 
271.  Commons'  Proceedings 
arifmg  out  of  Arreft,  271 — 281. 
Apprehenfions  natural  to  the 
times,  283.  Montrofe's  offer  to 
affaffinate  Argyle  and  Hamilton, 
284,  285,  286  notes.  Pym's 
heavieft  charge  againft  him 
proved,  299,  300.  Commons' 
Declaration  againft  his  conduct, 
319,320.  His  Order  in  Council 
on  pofition  taken  up  by  the  City, 
324,  325  notes.  Evidence  as  to 
intended  violence  by  his  follow- 
ers, 3i6 — 329.  Further  procla- 
mation againft  the  Five  Mem- 
bers, 333.  Threatens  a  Vifit  to 
Commons' Committee,  337.  338. 
Determines  to  quit  Whitehall, 
35^>  357-  His  terror  and  its 
caufes,  359.  His  reafons  for  leav- 
ing London,  360.  MS.  references 
to  his  flight,  361—368.  (See 
Bere— Bering— Slingjby.)  Off 
to  Hampton  Court,  368,  369. 
Cafe  between  him  and  the  Com- 
mons fummed  up,  376 — 387. 
(See  Clarendon.  Commons.  Fi've 
Members.) 

Charles  II.  Glyn's  accident  at 
Coronation  of,  344  note. 

Chaucer,  Bifhop  Hacket's  eftlma- 
tion  of,  91  note. 

Chomley,     Sir    Henry   (Northal- 


City. 


lerton),  objeft  of  Motion  by,  243 
note.  Queftion  put  by  him,  375. 
]!ity  ;  ftrength  of  Royalift  party  in 
the,  21,  Hopes  founded  by 
King  on  his  reception  there,  21, 
22.  Honors  conferred  on  City 
Dignitaries,  22.  Reappearance  of 
"  faftious  Citizens"  at  the  Houfes 
of  Parliament,  26.  "One  of 
the  Houfe"  catechized  by  them, 
ibid,  note  *.  Their  anti-royalift 
feelings  further  manifefted,  27. 
Lord  Mayor's  unpopular  afts, 
28.  Agitation  by  reafon  of  re- 
prieve of  Popifh  Offenders,  31, 
32.  Petition  againft  enforce- 
ment of  Liturgy  and  offenfive 
proclamation  thereon,  32.  Re- 
fult  of  Attack  on  Newgate,  ibid, 
note.  Indignation  provoked  by 
King's  Acts,  32,  33.  City 
'Prentices  attacked  by  the  Sol- 
diery, 68,  69.  Citizens  affailed 
by  King's  Guard,  73,  74.  Atti- 
tude alTumed  by  them  :  Slingf- 
by's  apprehenfions,  80.  Soli- 
cited by  Commons  for  Military 
Aid,  124.  155.  157.  Efforts 
of  the  King  to  foreftal  Com- 
mons in  this  matter,  155 — 159. 
Five  Members'  place  of  Refuge, 

253.  Charafterof  the  City  and 
habits  of  its  Merchants,   253 — 

254.  Its  Military  Organization: 
Duties  impofed  on  Aldermen, 
254  note.  Its  fortifications  and 
other  defenfive  appliances,  255 
note.  Its  enrichment  by  trade  : 
caufe   of   Clarendon's    lament, 

255.  256.  Its  adherence  and 
fervices   to   the   popular  caufe, 

256.  Comes  in  for  its  fhare  of 
Court  Lampoons,  256  note. 
Scene  prefented  on  night  of 
Arreft,  256,  257.  Apprehended 
Seizure  of  Arms,  257  and  note. 
King's  felf-invitation  to  Lord 
Mayor,  258.  King's  progrefs  to 
and  reception  in  Guildhall,  258 
— 263.    (See  Ru/h-wort/i.  Slingf- 


394 


Index. 


Cinjil  War. 


by.  Wifeman,  T.)  Anfwer  to 
King's  demand  for  the  Five 
Members,  267.  Advice  tender- 
ed to  him  therein,  268.  Meet- 
ing of  Commons  Committee  at 
Guildhall,  300,  301.  How  the 
Committee  was  welcomed  and 
treated,  301,  302.  Proceedings 
of  Committee,  302 — 316.  (See 
Commons.)  State  of  City  on  Pub- 
lication of  Commons'  Decla- 
ration, 320,  321.  Caufes  for 
alarms  afloat,  322.  Number  of 
armed  men  within  call  for  de- 
fence, 323.  Judicious  arrange- 
ments of  Lord  Mayor :  Pro- 
ceedings of  King  and  Council, 
323,  324.  King's  Order  againft 
thofe  who  "  put  the  Trained 
Band  in  arms",  324,  325,  notes. 
One  caufe  for  increafe  of  Civic 
alarm,  325,326,  333.  Appear- 
ance of  City  on  ^t/i  January, 
338.  Its  march  with  the  Mem- 
bers, 369.  Pym's  thanks  to  the 
Citizens,  371. 

Civil  War,  Great,  firft  blood  fhed 
in  the,  64.  Who  were  the  firft 
aggreffors,  66.  Afpeft  of  the 
Elements  on  its  eve,  67,  68. 
Captain  Slingfby's  apprehenfions 
80.  Refponfibilities  incurred 
by  its  inftigators,  80,  81.  Its 
real  beginning,  377,  387. 

Clare,  Earl  of,  36  note,  37  note. 

Clarendon,  Edward  Hyde,  Earl 
of;  mifreprefentationsof,  relative 
to  Charles's  attempt  on  Five 
Members,  i.  His  charafter  of 
Admiral  Pennington,  3,  note. 
Mifftates  caufe  of  Palmer's  Com- 
mittal to  tlie  Tower,  8.  Afferts 
Lord  Digby  was  fole  advifer 
of  King's  attempt,  10 — 12.  His 
character  of  and  friendfhip  with 
Digby,  1 1  note.  His  Opinion  of 
guilt     of    the    Five    Accufed, 

14.  AfFe61s  ignorance  of  Lord 
Kimbolton's      complicity,     14, 

15.  His   verfion  of  Charles's 


Clarendon. 
Confultations  with  Digby,  15 
note.  EfFc6l  on  the  King  of 
tone  adopted  by  him  and  his  Col- 
leagues, 18.  His  character  of 
Lenthal,  23  and  note.  His  com- 
ments on  Windebank's  flight  a 
key  to  his  views  on  the  Popifh 
Reprievals,  32,  33  notes.  Ex- 
plains objeft  of  Lunfford's 
appointment,  34,  35.  His  dif- 
ingenuous  note  on  Balfour's 
difmiflal,  35  note.  Throws  ref- 
ponfibility  of  Lunfford's  ap- 
pointment on  Digby,  ibid.  His 
eftimate  of  Captain  Carterett, 
52.  His  opinions  and  admiflTions 
relative  to  King's  Guard,  72, 
73.  His  verfion  of  their  attacks 
on  the  Citizens,  73,  74.  On  the 
epithets  "  Roundhead  "  and 
"  Cavalier  ",  74.  His  account 
of  attack  on  Archbifliop  Wil- 
liams contrafted  with  others',  89 
note.  Way  in  which  Bifliops' 
Proteft  was  concofled,  94,  95. 
His  opinion  thereon  and  on  their 
fubfequent  punifliment,  96,  97. 
His  charge  againft  Digby  in  re 
Kimbolton's  Impeachment,  116, 
117.  Abfent  from  Houfe  during 
debates  on  arreft,  121,  Qjaeen's 
part  in  Impeachment  of  Five 
Members,  132,  133.  His  apo- 
logy for  Lady  Carlifle' s  defeflion, 
13-4.  On  the  legality  of  the 
King's  Proceedings,  150  and 
note.  151,  152.  Imputation 
againft  him  and  his  friends,  153. 
Their  way  of  getting  out  of  the 
dilemma,  153,  154.  His  charges 
againft  and  eftimate  of  Hampden, 
168 — 170.  Hampden's  fignifi- 
cant  remark  to  him,  171.  Bear- 
ing of  Pym  and  Hampden 
towards  him,  172  note.  On 
numbcrand  equipment  of  King's 
Guards,  181.  Falfe  ifl"ue  railed 
by  him  on  King's  failure,  202, 
203.  Period  at  which  he  be- 
came King's   private    Advifer, 


Clarendon. 
208.  A  double  dealer  by  his 
own  confefTion,  209  and  note. 
Sulpefted  of  Treachery  towards 
the  Gammons,  210 — 212.  Ac- 
cufed  of  advifing  the  Arreft, 
212.  Reafons  for  difbelief  as 
to  alleged  Speech  by  him,  212 
— 214.  Why  Falkland  excufed 
his  abfence  from  the  Houfe, 
215  note.  No  evidence  of  his 
prefence  during  debates  on  Ar- 
reft, 215,  216.  293.  Letter  to 
him  from  Rome,  224,  225  notes. 
Why  he  laments  abforption  of 
Wealth byCity,255.  Notnamed 
on  Committee  of  Safety,  280. 
Queftion  raifed  on  his  ftatement 
of  Montrofe's  murderous  offer, 
284,  285,  286  notes.  Liberties 
taken  by  his  Sons  with  his  MSS  : 
1826  Edition,  how  made  up, 
ibid.  His  inferences  relative  to 
fears  excited  by  King's  conduft 
contrafted  with  his  own  admif- 
fions,  286,  287.  294.  295.  Plans 
of  himfelf  and  Digby  for  feizing 
Five  Members,  288,  289.  His 
faithleffnefsasan  Hiftorian,  289. 
Comparifon  of  his  Statements  of 
Proceedings  of  5th  January  with 
thofe  of  D'Ewes,  Verney,  and 
Rufhworth,  289— 293.  Hisfole 
Argument  of  any  weight,  303. 
His  infinuations  repelled  by 
D'Ewes,  310.  Real  points  at 
iffue  evaded  by  him,  310,  311. 
Conftrui5tion  put  thereon  by  im- 
partial byftanders,  311  note. 
Value  of  D'Ewes's  Notes  as 
correftives  of  his  mifllatements, 
317.  Recapitulation  of  fuch 
mifreprefentations,  317,  318. 
Anfwers  thereto  furnifhed  by 
D'Ewes,  318,  319.  Truftworthy 
when  not  mifled  by  his  feelings, 
320.  What  he  fays  of  the 
"great  change  in  all  forts  of 
People",  321  and  note.  Alarms 
traceable  to  the  threats  of  his 
friend  Digby,  322.      Too  keen 


Index.  29  S 

Commons. 
a  pen,  382.     Deliberate  perver- 
fion  of    the  Truth,    383.     See 
alio  369,    335,  353,   356,   362, 

364.  367.  370,  371,  374- 
Clarendon,  Henry  Hyde,  Earl  of. 
Liberties  taken  by  him  and  his 
brother,  Lord  Rochefter,  with 
the  MS.  of  their  Father's  Hiftory, 
284,  285,  286  notes. 
Clotworthy,  Sir  John  (Maiden), 
38,  calls  attention  to  Irifli  Af- 
fairs, 276  ;  Perfills  in  his  objeft, 
282.  Service  performed  by  him, 

349>  350- 

Coke,  Sir  Edward,  39. 

Coke,  Sir  William,  Anecdote  told 
by,  126.  137,138.  Credit  given 
to  it  by  Hafeirig,  140,  141. 

Commons,  Houfe  of;  growing 
alarms  amongft  Members  of,  20. 
Proceedings  of  the  Lord  Mayor 
refented  by  them,  28.  Their 
difTatilTaftion  at  Young  Vane's 
difmiflal  from  Office,  30  note.  53. 
Their  privileges  affailed  by  the 
King,  30,  31.  Houfe  much 
diftrafted  at  "  reprieve  of  the 
Priefts,"  32  note.  Courfe  taken 
on  Lunfford's  appointment,  36. 
Their  fupporters  and  opponents 
in  the  Lords,  ibid,  and  note.  Ad- 
drefs  voted  for  Lunfford's  Re- 
moval, 37.  Their  requeft  to 
Lord  Newport  to  take  command 
of  Tower,  37,  38.  Their  re- 
ception of  Old  Vane  on  his  dif- 
miffal,  52.  Time  fuppofed  ripe 
for  deftruftion  of  their  Leaders, 
67.  Their  proceedings  on  Lord 
Newport's  Difmiffal,  82.  Courfe 
taken  with  reference  to  Lords 
Briftol  and  Digby,  82,  83,  84. 
Long  filences  in  the  Houfe ; 
Officering  of  the  Army  debated, 
84,  85.  Members  alarmed  by 
a  fuggeftion  of  Pym's,  106. 
D'Ewes's  Propofition,  and  the 
Speaker's  rider  to  it,  106,  107. 
Pym's  remedy  for  apprehended 
dangers,   107,   io8.      D'Ewes's 


39^ 


Index. 


Commons, 


troubles  and  doubts  on  the  oc- 
cafion,  io8,  109.  Demand  for 
Guard  for  the  Houl'e,  109.  How 
the  King  received  and  anfwered 
fuch  demand,  no — 112.  Joined 
by  the  Lords  in  demand  for 
Guard,  115.  Refult  of  Proceed- 
ings on  feizure  of  Members' 
Papers,  120 — 126.  Aid.  Pen- 
nington and  Captain  Venn  fent 
to  City  for  Guard,  124. 155.  157. 
Courfe  taken  by  King  to  defeat 
this  ftep,  155 — 158.  Refolution 
adopted  in  confequence  of  King's 
tampering  with  Inns  of  Court, 
161.  Refult  of  Meflages  fent 
to  the  four  Inns,  176,  177.  Re- 
entrance  of  the  Five  Members  : 
King^s  Secret  difclofed  to  the 
Houfe,i77.  Further  difclofures, 
178.  Five  Members  depart,  179. 
King's  approach  to  the  Houfe 
4M  January,  his  retinue,  179 — 
1 84.  Appearance  of  Houfe  on 
his  entry,  184—187.  Speaker 
Lenthal's  memorable  Speech, 
191,  192.  King's  Speech  and 
departure,  193  — 195.  Siingfby 
andBere'sAccountof  the  Tranf- 
a6tion,  i<jj^  note.  Copy  Entry 
of  this  day's  proceeding  in 
Journals  of  Houfe,  196  note. 
D'Ewes's  minutes  of  what  pafled 
after  the  King's  departure,  195 
— 200.  DifcufTion  on  anfwers 
to  Royal  meffage,  221 — 223. 
Why  Sir  R.  Hopton  incurred 
difpleafure  of  Houfe,  223 — 227. 
Proceedings  in  Sir  Edward 
Bering's  Cafe,  228 — 231.  Con- 
fli61s  between  Speaker  and  Mem- 
bers, 236.  238.  241.  Caufe  of 
Houfe's  laughter  "  amid  fad  ap- 
prehenfions ",  247.  Refult  of 
attempts  to  enforce  Members' 
early  attendance  :  The  Shilling 
Fine,  247 — 249.  Precautionary 
fteps  taken  on  reaflembling  of 
Houfe  on  ^t/i  January,  271, 
272.     Mr.    Grimfton's    telling 


Commons. 
fpeech,  272 — 275.  Refult  of 
motion  thereon,  275.  Upfhot  » 
of  DifcufTion  of  Declaratory 
Refolution,  275 — 279.  Num- 
bers on  two  important  Divifions, 
279,  and  note.  Conllitution  of 
Committee  then  named,  280. 
Motions  by  Lord  Lifle,  Sir  P. 
Stapleton,  and  N.  Fiennes,  281. 
Caufe  of  Houfe's  abrupt  rifing, 

281,  282.     Reafons  for  alarm, 

282,  283.  Clarendon's  report 
compared  with  contemporary  ac- 
counts, 290 — 293.  Point  gained 
by  adjourning  Sittings  to  Guild- 
hall, 294.  What  Slingfby"  heard 
fome  Parliament  men  difcourfmg 
of",  298,  299.  No  hitherto 
known  report  of  Proceedings 
at  Guildhall,  300.  Value  of 
D'Ewes's  Notes,  ibid. 
Committee  at  Guildhall,  {6th 
Jan.).  Rufhworth's  and  Ver- 
ney's  notices  :  Clarendon's  con- 
fufion,  300,  301.  Subjefts  treated 
of  at  this  Sitting,  302 — 313. 
Difpute  between  D'Ewes  and 
Wilde,  314,  315.  Refolutions 
ultimately  adopted,  315,  316. 
Hyde's  afperfions  read  by  the 
light  of  D'Ewes's  Journals,  317 
— 319.  Declaration  of  Breach 
of  Privilege,  and  Publication  of 
fame,  319,  320.  State  of  public 
feeling,  320 — 326. 
Firji  Sittingat  Grocers''  Hall{jth 
Jan.).  Abftraft  of  evidence  as 
to  outrage  of  the  4///,  326 — 329. 
Proceedings  thereon :  another 
difpute  between  D'Ewes  and 
Wilde,  330 — 332.  Effe6lofRe- 
folution  to  invite  return  of  Five 
Members,  332.  How  the  King 
met  that  refolution,  332,  333. 
Second  Sitting  at  Grocers^  Hall, 
(Sth  Jan.)  Meafures  on  King's 
further  Proclamation,  333 — 336. 
King's  threat  to  attend  Com- 
mittee, 337.  Orders  iflued  there- 
on :   its  upftiot,  338, 


Compton. 
Lajl  Sitting  at  Grocers'  Hall. 
Glyn's  communication,  340. 
Alderman  Pennington's  fulpi- 
cions  relative  to  the  Tower,  340, 
341.  Relblutions  againft  Killi- 
grew  and  Fleming,  341,  342. 
The  like  againft  Evil  Counfel- 
lors,  Proclamations,  and  War- 
rants, 343.  Maynard's  efFeftive 
Speeches,  344 — 346.  Sailor  Vol- 
unteers and  their  offers,  347  and 
note.  Dire6tions  given  to  the 
"  Water  Rats  ",  347,  348.  Ar- 
rival of  the  Five  Members,  348. 
Common  People's  offers  at  this 
jun6ture,  348,  349.  Defenfive 
arrangements  made  for  return  to 
Weftminfter,  350 — 352.  Hamp- 
den's 4000  men  from  Bucks, 
353>  3  54*  I'^ft  ^^s  of  Com- 
mittee, 354 — 356. 
At  Wejlminjler  again.  Re- 
fumption  of  their  feats  by 
the  Five  Members,  371.  Pro- 
ceedings on  the  occafion,  371 
— 373.  Bucks  Petition  and  its 
Guard  of  6r;oo,  374.  Qu^eftions 
about  the  King  anfwered,  375. 
Fruits  of  Struggle  between 
Commons  and  Crown,  376.  Cafe 
between  the  two  parties  fum- 
medup,  383 — 387.  See  Sj/7/o/ij, 
Charles  I.  Clarendon,  D^EiueSy 
Fi've  Members,  Lenthal. 

Compton,  Lord  (Warwickfhire) 
communicates  King's  anfwer  to 
Houfe's  Meffage,  210. 

Coniers,  Sir  John,  made  Lieutenant 
of  the  Tower,  355«(j^^.  Ground 
of  King's  exception  to  him,  ibid. 

Coningfley,  Captain,  Lieutenant 
of  Ordnance,  examined  before 
"Commons'  Committee,  334. 

Conway,  Vifcount,  37  note. 

Cooke,  Sir  Robert  (Tewkefbury), 
named  on  Committee  of  Safety, 
280. 

Coppley's  Cafe,  temp.  Q^Mary, 
305. 

Corbet,   Miles  (Yarmouth,  Nor- 


Index.  .        397 

Culpeper. 
folk),  purport  of  relation  made 
to  Houfe  by,  79  note. 

Cotton,  Sir  Robert,  one  of  the 
earlieft  Martyrs  of  the  Stuarts, 
40.  His  Sufferings  at  the  Seizure 
of  his  Books  and  MSS.  ibid.  note. 

Cromwell,  Oliver  (Cambridge), 
addreffes  House  on  Lord  New- 
port's difmilfal,  82,  Grounds  of 
his  complaint  againft  Lord  Brif- 
tol,  82,  83.  His  advice  on  the 
officering  of  the  Army,  85.  His 
complaint  relative  to  Captain 
O'Connel,  ibid.  note.  What  he 
faid  of  the  Bifhops  and  their  Pro- 
teftation,  95,  96.  Reflefted  on 
in  Dering'sBook,  229.  Suggefts 
that  D'Ewes  write  an  aniwer  to 
fame,  230.  D'Ewes's  recom- 
mendation, per  contra,  231.  Not 
named  on  Committee  of  Safety, 
280. 

Crown  Jewels  carried  acrofs  the 
Channel,  and  w'hy,  3,  4.  132. 
Pawned  by  the  Queen,  361. 

Culpeper,  Sir  John  (Kent),  ap- 
pointed Chancellor  of  Ex- 
chequer, II,  48.  49.  III.  267. 
His  obligations  to  and  inti- 
macy with  Lord  Digby,  11  and 
note.  Sufpicionsagainlihim  and 
his  coadjutors,  12.  iii,  112. 
Influence  on  Charles  of  the 
courfe  taken  by  him  and  his 
Parliamentary  affociates,  18.  Si- 
lent on  an  important  occafion, 
121.  Has  audiences  with  the 
King,  126,  140.  What  he  and 
his  friends  would  have  done  with 
the  Five  Members,  149  note. 
His  confidence  to  Bering,  152. 
How  he  and  his  affociates  en- 
deavoured to  evade  refponfibility, 
153,  154.  Holds  fecret  meetings 
with  Hyde  and  Falkland,  209 
note.  His  horror  at  Sir  Peter 
Wentworth's  plain  fpeaking, 
242.  Named  on  Committee  of 
Safety,  215.  279,  280.  "Dif- 
pleafed  anddejefted",  292,293, 


398 


Index. 


Cunningham. 
His  unanfwered  queftion,    375. 
See  alfo  279  note.  377,  384. 
Cunningham,  Mr.  Letter  of  Marl- 
ton  found  by,  87,  note. 

Dandie,  Serjeant,  fent  to  appre- 
hend the  Five  Members,  296. 
His  reception  by  "the  worie 
fort  of  people",  297.   See  34.3. 

Dering,  Sir  Edward  (Kent),  in 
trouble  "for  fomething  he  hath 
fpoke  in  the  Houfe  ",  26  note*. 
His  note  on  Charles's  overture 
to  Pym,  48.  His  MSS.  to  be 
publifhed  by  Camden  Society, 
4.%  note.  Source  of  his  Informa- 
tion, 152.  A(5l  whereby  he  in- 
curred Houfe's  difpleafure,  228. 
D'Ewes's  reafons  for  voting  his 
expulfion,  228,  229.  Sentence 
pafled  on  him  and  his  Book, 
230.  Cromwell's  fuggeftion  as 
to  anfwering  fame,  230,  231. 
On  Bucks  Petitioners,  353  note. 
King's  flight  and  Commons' 
Proceedings,  359,  360.  Cava- 
liers' diftreflcs,  365  note.  "  Ra- 
ther be  Pym  than  Charles ", 
372.      His  friend  Bullock,  zi/i^. 

Derry  Plantation,  zijnote. 

D'Ewes,  Sir  Simonds  (Sudbury), 
Signs  of  danger,  19.  Notes  the 
King's  look,  20.  His  Character 
of  Lunlford,  34.  His  mifgivings, 
36,  37.  Recounts  Cotton's  fuf- 
ferings  at  feizure  of  his  Library, 
40  note.  King's  intentions,  79, 
note.  Houfe's  proceedings  on 
firft  day  of  tumults,  81,  82. 
Character  and  condition  of  his 
Journal  in  the  Harleian  Col- 
Jeftion,  81  note.  "Long  Si- 
lences" in  the  Houfe,  84.  French 
Papiftical  Threats,  85.  Makes 
merry  over  Bifhops'  fall,  103 — 
105.  On  fubfequent  Proceed- 
ings of  Commons,  105,  106. 
Much  troubled  by  Pym's  pro- 
pofition,  108.  His  Remarks  in 
oppofition,    109,    no.       Com- 


D^Eives, 
mons'  Proceedings  on  King's 
refufal  of  a  Guard,  118,  119. 
Seizure  of  impeached  Members' 
Papers,i20.  Ufagesof  the  Houfe 
in  his  day,  129  note.  223  note. 
Proceedings  on  the  4th  of 
January,  160.  161.  164.  169. 
173.  174.  175.  On  number  of, 
and  terror  excited  by,  the  King's 
Guards,  181. 183. 184.  Charles's 
Vifit  to  the  Houfe,  185,  186, 
Expreffive  break  in  his  Narra- 
tive, 187,  188.  On  Charles's 
Corrections  of  his  Speech,  190, 
191.  King's  afpeft  as  he  left 
the  Houfe,  193,  194.  Proceed- 
ings after  King's  departure, 
1 9  5 — 200.  His  ufe  of  the  term 
"Young  Man",  198  and  note. 
279  note.  His  fenfe  of  danger, 
how  marked,  201  and  note.  Not 
a  mere  party  man  :  his  ways  of 
life,  202.  219.  Light  thrown 
on  Hyde's  double  dealing,  209. 
210.  211.  212.  215.  Claim  of 
his  Journal  to  be  received  as 
authentic,  218.  Sir  W.  Lytton's 
compliment  to  him,  219.  His 
Service  to  Sir  Williair.,  ibid, 
note.  Epithets  beftowed  by 
him  on  Popular  Leaders,  220. 
Mutual  tolerance  between  him 
and  Pym,  ibid.  His  Pofition  in 
the  Houfe,  221.  Debates  where- 
in he  afted  as  moderator,  221 
— 227.  236.  238.  240.  303 — 6. 
Young  Lord  Strafford,  227 
note.  His  Part  in  difcuffion  on 
Dering's  conduft,  228,  229.  His 
reply  to  Cromwell's  Suggeftion 
that  he  anfwer  Dering's  Book, 
230,231.  Further  proof  of  his 
accuracy  :  How  he  makes  up  his 
Journal,  231 — 233.  Stands  up 
for  Note-taking,  233.  His  po- 
fition towards  and  opinion  of 
Lenthal,  233 — 235.  Rebukes 
Sir  Arthur  Hafelrig,  236. 
Avoids  Chair  of  Committee, 
239  note.      How   vote  of  alle- 


Index, 

D^Eives. 

glance  to  Parliamentary  General 
was  carried,  24.0,  24.1.  His  note 
on  Sir  Peter  Wentworth's  "  fol- 
ly", 242.  Detefts  Chadwell's 
attempt  to  impofe  upon  the 
Houfe,  244,  245.  His  ftiare  in 
efforts  to  enforce  early  attend- 
ance :  how  the  divers  expedients 
worked,  245 — 249.  Oppofes 
Motion  for  Call  of  Houfe,  250. 
A  Stranger  in  the  Houfe,  251. 
Proceedings  on  realTembling  of 
Houfe,  5M  January,  272.  275 
— 281 ,  Explains  canfe  of  Panic 
in  the  Houfe,  282,  283.  Sole 
Recorder  of  Guildhall  Sittings 
of  6/^  January, '^oo,  301.  City 
hofpitalities,  302.  What  was 
firlt  debated,  ibid.  His  argu- 
ments againll  Motion  to  iend 
for  warrants,  303 — 305.  307, 
308.  Cafes  in  point  cited  by 
him,  305.  Why  applaud  him 
and  objeft  to  Hyde  ?  305,  306 
notes.  His  Speech  commended 
by  the  Houle,  308.  Pofition 
achieved  by  his  Argument,  310. 
Iflue  raifed  by  Serjeant  Wilde, 
314.  315.  Reports  Houfe'scon- 
clufion  and  departs,  315,  316. 
Value  of  his  Journals  as  Cor- 
reftives  of  Clarendon's  mifllate- 
ments,  317.  Proofs  furnilhed  by 
him  towards  that  end,  318,  319. 
Civic  Alarms  and  defenfive  pre- 
parations on  6///  Jauuary,  321 
— 323.  One  caule  for  increafe 
of  Alarm:  325,  326.  His  ab- 
ftraft  of  evidence  as  to  Outrage 
of  4/A  January,  326 — 329. 
Speech  and  Motion  then  made 
by  him,  329,  330.  Again  dif- 
conifits  Serjeant  Wilde,  330 — 
332.  Avoids  Voting  on  Motion 
tor  return  of  Five  Members,  332. 
On  number  and  objeft  of  Bucks 
Petitioners,  353,  353  note.  354. 
374.  Proceedings  of  Committee, 
354 — 356.  Commons  ufurpa- 
tions  why   neceflary,  356  note. 


399 

Do-ivfe. 
On  Pym's  traducers,  358  note. 
Lumley's  Story,  362  »o/^.  Earns 
Lord  Holland's  approval,  363 
note.  On  forlorn  al'peft  of  Court, 
364  note.  Soldiers'  Pikes,  374. 
Abrupt  clofe  of  his  narrative, 
375.  Hopeleflhefs  of  middle 
courfe,  387.  See  alfo  88.  206. 
289.  290,  291.  292.  293.  312. 
313.  370  note. 

Digby,  George,  Lord :  conveyed 
out  of  England,  3.  Aflerted 
fole  advifer  of  Charles's  Attempt, 
10,  II.  His  Friends  and  Col- 
leagues: Clarendon's  analyfis  of 
his  Charafter,  1 1  note.  His  in- 
timacy with  Lunfford,  34,  35, 
Extent  of  his  refponfibility  for 
Lunfibrd's  appointment,  35  «o/^. 
Confequence  of  his  Speech  on 
Strafford's  Attainder,  54.  Em- 
ployment defigned  for  him  by 
the  King,  ibid.  Singled  out  for 
Royal  favour,  60.  Hollis's  com- 
plaint againft  him,  83.  Extent 
of  his  complicity  in  King's  ob- 
noxious proceedings,  83.  84. 
His  Impeachment  refolved  on, 
84.  How  he  conduced  himfelf 
on  Kimbolton's  Impeachment, 
1 1 6 — 1 18.  Further  note  on  the 
difloyal  conduft  of  the  Digbys, 
119.  Clofeted  with  the  King, 
129.  Not  unwilling  to  pufh 
matters  to  extremities,  205.  His 
offer  to  take  Five  Members, 
dead  or  alive,  205.  288.  322. 
Rumours  againft  him  and  his 
father,  206,  Not  the  only 
guilty  one  among  the  King's 
prompters,  208.  One  probable 
refult  of  his  intimacy  with 
Hyde,  212.  Civic  alarm  pof- 
fibly  due  to  his  murderous  pro- 
jeft,  322.  Charges  againft  his 
father.     See  Brijiol,  ^rl  of. 

Dorfet,  Earl  of,  on  Col.  Lunfford's 
antecedents,  34.  34  note. 

Dowfe,  Capt.  (Corrcfpondent  of 
Admiral   Pennington),  folicits 


400  Index. 

Dungarnjon. 

a   place   for   the    Admiral,    51 

note. 
Dungarvon,  Lord,  38. 
Dunlmore,  Lord,  34  note. 
Durham,  Bifhop  of,  at  the  door  of 

the  Houfe,   102   note.     Lodged 

in  "  clofe  air,"  104,  105. 


Earle,  Sir  Walter  (Weymouth), 
Service  rendered  to  Mr.  Strode 
by,  179.  200.  His  motion  rela- 
tive to  Sir  Ralph  Hopton,  226. 
Why  D'Ewes  refifted  his  motion 
for  "  calling  in  Dering's  Book", 
229.  Named  on  Committee  of 
Safety,  280. 

Echard,  the  Hiftorian,  Source  of 
anecdote  publifhed  by,  126. 

Eikon  Bafilike,  Charles's  Attempt 
on  the  Five  Members  correftly 
interpreted  in  the,  2. 

Eliot,  Sir  John,  39,  40  note.  147 
note.  217  note. 

Elizabeth,  Qjieen,  33  note.  305. 

Ellis,  Mr.  William  (Bofton)  brings 
Gray's  Inn  Reply,  176,  Made 
Chairman  of  Committee,  239 
ftote. 

Ellyng,  Henry,  Clerk  of  Commons, 
who  copies  from  Journals  of  ? 
232.  His  explanation  to  D'Ewes, 

233- 

Eflex,  Robert,  Earl  of,  joins  in 
the  Lunfford  Proteft,  36  note.  65. 
Military  appointment  conferred 
on  him,  57.  Commons  demand 
Guard  under  his  command,  109. 
Refufed,  1 12,  See  alfo  116  note. 
His  advice  to  the  Five  Members 
and  to  Kimbolton,  175.  200. 
Difcovers  Hyde  clofeted  with 
the  King,  209  note.  How  Com- 
mons afted  when  he  was  pro- 
claimed traitor,  240.  Refufes  to 
attend  King  out  of  London,  361, 
362.  What  Clarendon  fays  of 
him,  362  note.  Libel  upon  him, 
ibid.  Honefter  man  than  Lord 
Holland,  363  note. 

Evelyn,  Sir  John  (Bletchingley), 


Fiennes. 
84.     Propoles   Hopton's  expul- 
lion,  225.    Comes  into  coUifion 
with  D'Ewes,  226. 


Falkland,  Lucius  Cary,  Lord 
(Newport,  Hants):  his  afferted 
ignorance   of  intended    Arreft, 

11.  12.  His  intimacy  with  Lord 
Digby,  11  note.  Sufpicions 
againft  him  and  his  Colleagues, 

12.  III.  112.  Influence  on 
Charles  of  tone  adopted  by 
them,  18.  Appointed  Secretary 
and  Privy  Counfellor,  27  note. 
50.  Ill  and  notes.  324,  325 
notes.  Silent  on  an  important 
occafion,  121.  Only  Member  of 
Commons  Deputation  fpoken 
to  by  the  King,  126.  Clofeted 
with  the  King,  140.  What  he 
and  his  Colleagues  would  have 
done  with  the  Five  Members, 
14.^  note.  Reports  King's  Reply 
to  Commons'  Meflage,  160.  At- 
tends private  Meeting  at  Hyde's 
lodgings,  209  note.  Excufes 
Hyde's  abfence,  2 1 5  note.  Copies 
from  the  Clerk's  Journals  night- 
ly, 232.  Named  on  Committee 
of  Safety,  215.  280.  As  to  Cla- 
rendon's afl'ertion  of  his  being 
"difpleafedand  dejected",  292. 
293.  See  alfo  332.  377  384. 
386. 

Fane.     See  Vane, 

Fettiplace,  John  (Berks),  over- 
awed, 241. 

Fiennes,  Nathaniel  (Banbury),  38. 
Believed  to  be  "for  root  and 
branch",  47  note.  Caufe  of 
fudden  clofe  of  his  fpeech,  119. 
Appointed  a  manager  in  Confe- 
rence with  the  Lords,  121.  Ob- 
jeft  of  another  Conference  on 
which  he  was  named,  173.  Re- 
folution  moved  by  him,  174. 
His  relation  about  armed  crowds 
near  the  Houfe,  177.  Com- 
municates Intelligence  brought 
by    Langres,    178.     195.    329. 


Index. 


401 


Filmer. 


Fuller. 


Qjialifying  epithet  beltowed 
upon  him  by  D'Ewes,  220. 
Named  on  Committee  of  Safety, 
280.  Purport  of  Meflage  to 
Lords  propofed  by  him,  281. 
Prominent  in  Guildhall  Com- 
mittee Debates,  303.  309.  316. 

Filmer,  Sir  Robert,  and  his  fol- 
lowers, 166. 

Five  Members,  arreft  of  the,  mif- 
reprefented  by  Clarendon,  i. 
Interpretation  put  on  the  aft  in 
the  Eikon  Bafilike,  2.  Summary 
of  the  Seven  Articles  of  Treafon 
againft   them   and   Kimbolton, 

113.  114.  Copy  of  the  MS. 
Articles  in  State  Paper  Office, 

114,  115  notes.  Seizure  of  their 
papers  by  King's  Warrant,  1 20. 
Their  perfons  demanded  by 
King's  Serjeant,  122.  Courfe 
taken  by  Houfe  on  this  de- 
mand, 123.  Ordered  to  attend 
Houfe  daily,  124.  Reafon  why 
they  withdrew,  145.  What 
Charles's  new  Minifters  thought 
of  their  guilt,  149.  How  Falk- 
land, Culpeper,  and  Hyde  would 
have  difpofed  of  them,  ibid.  note. 
Views  of  the  arreft  held  by  King's 
party  after  its  failure,  150 — 152. 
Members  fucceffively  defend 
themfelves,  161  —  168.  Im- 
peachment voted  a  "Scandalous 
Paper,"  172.  Lord  Eflex's  Mef- 
fage  and  advice  to  them,  175. 
Proceedingson their  re-entrance, 
177,178,  Leave  given  to  them 
to  abfent  themfelves,  179.  Dig- 
by's  offer  to  feize  thein  dead  or 
alive,  205.  288.  322.  What 
William  Lilly  thought  of  their 
arreft  and  of  the  King's  inten- 
tions, 217  note.  Their  place  of 
Refuge  in  the  City,  253.  City's 
anfwer  to  demand  for  them,  267, 
268.  New  Proclamation  againft 
them,  269 — 271.  Credibility  of 
aflertion  that  they  were  in  no 
danger,  289.     "  Five  Members' 


March",  306  «o/i?.  Vane's  mo- 
tion with  regard  to  them,  316. 
Commons'  Declaration  againft 
their  arreft,  319,  320.  Exclama- 
tion of  a  King's  Guard  on  not 
finding  them  in  the  Houfe,  328. 
Purpofe  aimed  at  by  way  in 
which  King  came  to  demand 
them,  329.  Their  attendance 
at  Committee  refolved  on,  332. 
How  the  King  met  this  defiance 
of  his  threats,  332,  333.  Order 
for  their  public  appearance  re- 
newed, 333.  Further  Procla- 
mation againft  them  condemned 
by  the  Commons,  333,  334, 
London  invaded  by  their  Con- 
ftituents,  338,  339.  No  greater 
breach  of  privilege  than  their 
accufation,  345.  How  greeted 
on  their  return,  348,  369 — 371. 
Thanked  by  the  Committee, 
349.  Hampden  the  firft  to 
break  filence,  353.  See  Com- 
mons. Hampden.  Hafelrig.  Hoi- 
lis.  Pym.  Strode. 

Fleming,  Sir  Wm.  ordered  into 
Cuftody,  125.  Court  Guards 
put  under  his  command,  147. 
177.  328.  Delivers  Meflage 
from  King-  to  Inns  of  Court, 
176.  Charged  with  Confpiracy, 
341,  342. 

Fleuiy,  a  Frenchman,  nature  of 
warning  given  by,  86,  329. 

Francis,  Mr.  King's  Serjeant-at- 
Arms  ;  how  received  by  the  Com- 
mons, 121,  122,  123.  124.  302. 

French  Interference  threatened 
againft  Englifti  Liberties,  85. 
Infolence  of  a  French  prieft,  86. 
Obligation  of  the  popular  Lead- 
ers to  French  Informants,  ibid. 

Forfter's  Hiftorical  and  Biographi- 
cal Eflays  :  references  to,  i.  8. 
20.  23.  63.  88.  92.  198.  208. 
219.  230,  235.  284.  289.  299. 
321.  notes. 

Fuller,  Dr.  Subjeft  of  Petition 
againft,  249. 


402  Index, 

Garrett. 

Garrett,  Sheriff  Charles's  mo- 
tive in  offering  to  dine  with,  262. 
Entertains  the  King,  263,  266. 

Gerbier,  Sir  Balthazar,  56  note. 

Gerrard,  Sir  Gilbert  (Middlefex), 
fpeaks  againft  Lunfford,  56. 

Gibbes,  Will  and  his  empty  purfe, 
355  "<^te. 

Glyn,  John  (Weftniinfter),  fent 
up  to  impeach  Bifhops,  loi. 
Watch  duty  impofed  on  him, 
no.  A  Manager  in  conferences 
with  the  Lords,  121.  173. 
Epithet  beftowed  upon  him  by 
D'Ewes,  220.  Committees  on 
which  he  was  nominated,  275. 
276.  277.  280.  316.  His  com- 
pliment to  D'Ewes:  308.  310. 
Follows  D'Ewes :  purport  of 
his  Speech,  308,  309.  Leader 
in  Pym's  abfence,  309.  Reports 
Lord  Herbert's  loyalty,  340. 
His  bafenefs  at  the  reftoration, 
344.  Pepys's  glee  over  his 
accident,  344,  note.     See  342. 

Goring,  George  (Portfmouth),  ob- 
je6l  of  Confpiracy  with  Percy, 
246. 

Goodwin,  Arthur  (Bucks),  ap- 
pointed a  Teller,  279.  Moves 
admiflion  of  Bucks  Petitioners, 

373- 

Gourney,  Sir  Richard,Lord  Mayor, 
made  a  Baronet,  22.  Solicited  to 
fend  Military  Aid  to  King,  156. 
How  his  Inllruflions  were  car- 
ried out,  7,^^  note.  His  extra- 
ordinary Powers,  259.  Supprefles 
alarms,  323. 

Grays  Inn,  Copy  of  Royal  Letter 
to  Benchers  of,  147.  148.  notes. 
Their  Reply  to  the  Commons 
Meflage,  176.  See  Inns  of 
Court. 

Grey  Anchetil,  126.  137,  138. 

Grey  de  Wei  k,  Lord,  36  note. 

Grimfton,  Harbottle  (Colchefter) 
309.  316.  Leads  debateon breach 
of  Privilege,  272.  Summary  of 
his  Speech,  272 — 275.     Named 


Hampden. 
on   Committee  of  Safety,  280. 
Subject  of  his  Speech  handled 
in  detail,  302. 

Grocers  Hall  Sittings.  See  Com- 
mons. 

Guildhall.     See  City. 

Guildhall  Sittings.  ^^^  Commons. 

Guizot's  Re'volution  d' Angleterre, 
merits  of,  and  of  Mr.  Scoble's 
Tranflation,  368.  369  notes. 

Hacket,  Bifhop,  Story  told  of  a 
Hampfliire  Vicar  by,  63  note. 
His  account  of  the  Weftniinfter 
Tumults,  89  note.  His  Scrinia 
Referata  worth  reprinting  as  a 
Curiofity  of  Literature,  90  note. 
His  whimfical  vituperation  of 
Milton,  ibid.  Extent  of  his  ac- 
quaintance with  Englifh  Poets, 
91  note.  His  lament  for  the  Im- 
peached Bifhops,  1 01  note. 

Hall,  Jofeph,  Bifliop  of  Norwich, 
Account  by,  of  what  led  to  the 
Biftiops'  Proteft,  93 — 95.  Hour 
at  which  "  we  were  voted  to  the 
Tower",  loi  note.  Thankful 
at  not  being  Black  Rod's 
prifoner,  105  fiote. 

Hallam,  Henry,  View  taken  of 
Charles's  conduft  by,  not  con- 
fonant  with  King's  Charafler, 
127  and  note.  Scope  of  His 
note  on  Qjieen's  intended 
Journey  to  Spa,  132  note.  In- 
advertent mil'quotation  by  him, 
170  note.  His  view  of  Impeach- 
ment of  Five  Members,  216 
and  note. 

Hamilton,  Marquis  of,  "to  be 
difplaced ",  30  note.  Finds 
Hyde  clofeted  with  the  King, 
209  note.     See  Montrofe. 

Hampden,  John  (Bucks,  one  of 
the  Five  Accufed),  Claren- 
don's infinuation  regarding,  12. 
Charles's  contemplated  charge 
againft  him,  12.  14.  15.  Cla- 
rendon as  to  refult  of  offer  of 
place  to  him,   13  note.     Songs 


Harley. 
and  libels  on  him  i6,  17.  119 
note,  335  note.  State-Offices  to 
which  he  was  defignated,  54, 
55.  58.  His  papers  feized  by 
King's  Warrant,  120.  Juftifies 
reliltance  to  an  unconftitutional 
King,  166.  His  Confeffion  of 
Faith,  167,  168.  "Acrimonious 
condition  of  his  blood",  168  and 
note.  His  "Serpentine Subtlety": 
what  he  really  was,  169 — 171. 
Clarendon's  eftimate  of  his  cha- 
ra6ler,  169,  170  and«o/f.  Unity 
of  purpofe  between  him  and 
Pym,  171,  172.  Their  opinion 
of  Clarendon  :  Hampden's 
*'  Snappifhnefs",  172  note.  Epi- 
thet beftowed  upon  him  by 
D'Ewes,  220.  Petitioners  for 
him,  339.  Firftofthe  Five  to 
break,  filence  after  Arreft,  353. 
Determined  fpirit,  354.  King's 
hope  concerning  him,  380.  See 
Buckingham/litre.  Fme  Mem- 
bers. See  alfo  47  note.  177. 
178.  182  note.  198.  213.  225 
fiote.  245.  267.  270.  271  note. 
281.   295.    311   note.  320.   348. 

357-  371-  373- 
Harley,  Sir  Robert  (Herefordfhire), 
reports   as     to    Captain    Hide, 

354.  355-  355  »o(e- 
Hafelrig,  Sir  Arthur  (Leicefter- 
fhire,  one  of  the  Five  Ac- 
cufed),  reports  infolence  of  a 
French  pritft,  86.  His  account 
as  to  Lady  Carlifle  and  the 
Queen,  140.  141.  Clarendon's 
contemptuous  allufion  to  him, 
149  note.  Defends  himfelf 
againft  Impeachment,  165.  His 
age  at  the  period,  198  note. 
Allufions  to  him  in  Royalift 
Songs,  199  note.  Epithet  be- 
ftowed upon  him  by  D'Ewes, 
220.  Rebuked  by  D'Ewes  for 
taking  tiie  Speaker  totaflc,  236. 
See  Fi-ve  Members.  See  alfo  177, 
178,  179.  i%7.note.  198.  269.  271 
note.  311  note.  320.  348.   371. 


Index.  403 

Herbert. 

Hay,   Lord,   Lady  Carlifle 's  huf- 
band,  136  note. 

Heath,  Chronicler,  on  movements 
of  the  Five  Members,  178  note. 

Henrietta  Maria,  Queen  of 
Charles  I.,  by  whom  conveyed 
acrofs  Channel,  3.  Windeliank's 
Secret  Underltanding  with  her, 
49  note.  50  note.  William  Lilly 
on  Secret  Counfels  of  herfelf 
and  Party,  65  note.  Ufe  made 
of  their  knowledge  of  Court 
Secrets  by  French  people  about 
her,  86.  88.  130,  131.  138,  139. 
King's  unconftitutional  a6ts,  how 
far  due  to  her  i^ifluence  and 
intermeddling,  129 — 131.  Her 
defigns  truly  fulpe6led  by  the 
Commons,  131,  132.  Five 
Members'  impeachment  trace- 
able to  her  own  fear  of  accu- 
fation,  132,  133.  Lady  Carlifle's 
poflible  motives  for  betraying 
her  Secrets.  (See  Carlijle).  Words 
wherewith  fhe  is  faid  to  have 
incited  the  King,  138.  140. 
Mifleads  herfelf  and  betrays  her 
Secret,  139.  Source  of  her  felf- 
reproach  on  the  King's  failure, 
146.  Accompanies  King  in  his 
flight,  359-  361.  366.  368. 
Courfe  refolvtd  on  by  her,  360. 
Carries  off  and  pawns  Crown 
Jewels,  361.  Lying  with  her 
Children,  365  note.  Reproaches 
King  for  abandoning  fii-ft  refolve 
againft  Five  Members,  368. 

Herbert,  Sir  Edward  (Old  Sarum), 
Attorney-General,  delivers  Im- 
peachment of  Five  Members 
to  the  Lords,  112.  Difdaims 
having  advil'ed  fuch  Impeach- 
ment, 113.  128.  113.  128.  312. 
What  credit  Strode  gave  to  his 
denial,  12S  note.  313.  See  348. 
371.  379. 

Herbert,    Sir    Henry    (Bewdiey), 
fpeaks  in  mitigation  of  Hopton's 
Offence,  225. 
Herbert,  Lord,  a  Catholic   Peer, 


404  Index. 

Hertford. 
why    complimented    by    Com- 
mons, 340. 

Hertford,  William  Seymour,  Mar- 
quis of,  gives  note  of  alarm  to 
the  Bifliops,  93.  Inference  de- 
ducible  therefrom,  95. 

Heylyn,  Dr.  Peter,  chara6teriftic 
extra6ls  from  Laud's  Life  by, 
102,  103  and  note. 

Hide,  Captain  David,  with  his 
fword  upright,  185.  His  cha- 
ra6ler  and  career,  ibid.  note. 
Lord  Lieutenant  willing  to  dif- 
able  him,  354,  355,  -^ss  »ote. 

Hill,  Roger  (Bridport),  brings  up 
Inner  Temple  Reply,  176. 

Hippifley,  Sir  J.  (Cockermouth), 
named  on  Committee  of  Safety, 
280. 

Hiftory,  how  it  may  be  written, 
289 — 294. 

Hobbes,  Thomas,  on  fliarers  in 
King's  refponfibility,  140,  141. 
On  King's  refufal  to  difclofe  his 
Advifers'  names,  141  note. 

Holborne's  R,  (St.  Michael's), 
Argument  for  giving  weight  to 
a  minority,  20.  Another  argu- 
ment of  his,  299  note. 

Holland,  Sir  John  (Caftle  RIfing), 
in  conflift  with  Speaker  Lenthal, 
237,238.  Finds  defolate  Court 
at  Windfor,  364  note. 

Holland,  Lord,  36  note.  75.  209 
jiote.  In  difgrace  with  the  King^ 
29  note.  How  "  the  fpeech 
goes  "  with  regard  to  him  and 
others,  30  note.  Offers  up  his 
place,  361.  Refufes  to  attend 
King,  362  note.  Libel  upon 
Iiim,  ibid.  Contrail  between 
him  and  Effex,  363  note. 

Hollis,  Denzil  (Dorchefter,  one  of 
the  Five  Accufed),  Clarendon's 
Speculations  on  pofTible  refult  of 
offer  of  place  to,  13  »o/f.  Office 
propofed  to  be  conferred  on 
him,  54.  55,  58.  Denounces 
Lord  Digby,  83,  Delivers  to 
Charles  the  Commons'  Demand 


Ho-ivard. 
for  a  Guard,  109.  His  Papers 
feized  by  King's  Warrant,  119, 
120.  302.  Defends  himfelf 
againft  the  Impeachment,  165. 
Inquired  for  by  the  King,  191. 
His  age  at  this  period,  198  note. 
Allufions  to  him  in  Royalift 
Songs,  199  note.  How  D'Ewes 
charafterized  him,  220.  His 
motion  in  favor  of  young  Lord 
Strafford,  227  note.  His  motion 
for  Call  of  Houfe,  250.  Anfwers 
Chomley's  Queftion,  375.  See 
Fi've  Members.    See  alio  47  note. 


177. 

178. 

ij^.    zSj.  note.   198. 

225 

note. 

232.   269.   271    note. 

279 

note. 

311   note.   348.   317. 

379' 

Hopton,  Sir  Ralph  (Wells),  136 
note.  215.  Incurs  cenfure  of  the 
Houfe,  223,  224.  Clarendon's 
verfion  of  his  Charge  againft  the 
Houfe,  224  note.  His  expulfion 
moved,  225.  D'Ewes  fpeaks  in 
mitigation,  226.  Determination 
come  to,  226,  227.  His  reafon 
for  oppofmg  Dering's  expulfion, 
228.  Attempts  an  Excufe  for 
the  King's  condufl,  275.  277. 
278.  Nominated  on  Committee 
of  Safety,  280.  Epithet  given 
to  himbyRufhworth,293.  Duty 
afligned  him  in  anticipation  of 
fecond  Vifit    from   King,    338. 

Hotham,  John  (Scarborough),  be- 
haves difrefpeftfully  to  the 
Houfe,  249. 

Hotham,  Sir  John  (Beverley),  de- 
puted to  carry  meffage  to  King, 
123.  126.  Named  a  manager  of 
conference  with  the  Lords,  173. 
His  remark  on  King's  Speech 
in  Houfe,  19 5.  Named  on  Com- 
mittee of  Safety,  280.  Charged 
with  Confpiracy,  341,  342. 

Houfes  of  Commons  and  Lords. 
See  Commons.  Lords.  Parlia- 
ment. 

Howard   de    Efcricke,    Lord,    36 
note. 


Index. 

Ho-jjell. 

Howell's  Letters,  beft  account  of 
the  Spanifli  Match  contained  in, 
82  note. 

Hume,  David,  mifled  by  Claren- 
don, 289. 

HundlUon,  Lord,  37  note. 

Hungerford,  Sir  Edward  (Chip- 
penham), named  on  Committee 
of  Safety,  280. 

Hutchinfon,  Mrs.  on  number  of 
King's  Guard,  181. 

Hyde,  Edward  (Salta(h).  See 
Clarendon,  Edivard,  Earl  of. 


Impeachment  of  the  Bifliops. 
See  Bifliops. 

Impeachment  of  the  Five  Mem- 
bers.    See  Fi'ue  Members. 

Inns  of  Court,  Armed  Afliftance 
fought  from  the,  147.  King's 
Letter  in  1628  for  Volunteer 
Guard,  147.  148  notes.  Pro- 
ceedings in  Houfe  before  the 
arreft,  160.  Meflage  refolved 
on,  161.  Anecdote  related  by 
Ludlow,  161  note.  Anfwer  of 
each  Inn  to  Commons'  Meflage, 
176,  177- 

Irifh  Affairs,  references  to  and 
motions  on,  276.  281.  282.  290 
note.     299.  300.  354.  355. 

James  the  First's  welcome  to 
the  "  twal  Kynges",  40. 

Jenkin,  Lieutenant,  what  Captain 
Langres  heard  from,  328. 

Jeflbn,  Alderman  W.  (Coventry), 
called  to  account  for  his  fierce 
looks,  239,  240.  Incurs  Mr, 
Speaker's  anger,  241. 

Jefuit  Priefts  reprieved  from  exe- 
cution, 3 1 .  Commotion  excited 
thereby,  32  and  note.  Prifon 
for  offenders  of  this  clafs, 
88. 

Jonfon,  Ben;  Bifhop  Hacket's  ef- 
timation  of,  91  note. 

KiLLEGREW,  Harry  (Weft  Looe), 
novel  doftrine  propounded  by, 


405 
Larking. 
243,  244.  Anecdote  of  him 
related  by  Clarendon,  243  note. 
Trouble  into  which  his  incon- 
fideratenefs  brought  him,  244. 
Trick  attempted  by  his  friend 
Chadwell,  244,  245.  His  obli- 
gations to  D'Ewes,  245.  Ex- 
tent of  his  pimifhment,  ibid, 
note. 

Killigrew,  Sir  William,  or- 
dered into  cuftody  by  Com- 
mons, 125.  Mafter  Longe's dia- 
mond hatband  and  ring,  ibid, 
note.  Sent  round  to  Inns  of 
Court  by  the  King,  147.  148. 
176.  Charged  with  Confpiracy, 
341,  342. 

Kimbolton,  Lord  (^See  alfo  Man- 
deville.  Lord),  36  note.  Why 
charged  with  Treafon,  14,  15. 
Clarendon's  objeflion  to  his 
being  included,  15  note.  149 
note.  His  doings  watched  :  His 
confultations  with  Pym  and 
others,  15,  16,  37.  Warning 
fent  to  him  by  Marfton  the 
Dramatift,  87.  117.  Copy  of 
Marfton's  Letter,  ibid.  note. 
Source  of  Marfton's  informa- 
tion, 88.  Articles  of  treafon 
againft  him  and  the  Five  Mem- 
bers, 113,  114.  How  he  met 
the  charge,  116.  EmbarrafTment 
and  flight  of  his  expefted  accu- 
fer,  116 — n8.  Lady  Carlifle's 
intercourfe  with  him,  133. 
Lord  EfTex's  warning  to  him, 
200.  Omitted  from  King's 
Proclamation,  269.  See  alfo 
pp.  205.  269. 

Kirton,  Mr.  (Milborne  Port),  279. 

Langres,  Captain,  fource  of  war- 
nings received  by,  86.  Nature 
and  fcope  of  his  evidence,  147. 
His  communication  to  Fiennes, 
178  and  note.  197.  200.  Fuller 
report  of  his  Evidence,  328.  329. 

Larking,  Rev,  Lambert ;  Surren- 
den  Papers  to    be    edited  for 


4o6 


Index. 


Latche, 


Lords. 


the  Camden  Society  by,  48,  49 
notes. 

Latche,  John,  recounts  his  failure 
to  enforce  obedience  to  the 
King's  Warrant,  159. 

Laud,  William,  Archbifhop  of 
Canterbury,  tyranny  of,  broken 
down  by  Pym,  41.  His  rule, 
not  the  Church  itfelf,  obnoxious 
to  Pym,  47.  He  and  his  old 
rival  in  prifon  together,  102. 
Makes  merry  over  a  caricature 
of  his  rival,  103.  Civilities 
between  him  and  his  fellow- 
prifoners,  101  note. 

Leicefter,  Earl  of,  37  note.  54.281. 

Leighton,  Dr.  relieved  by  Mem- 
bers' Fines,  249. 

Lenthal,  William  (Woodftock), 
Speaker  of  the  Houfe  of  Com- 
mons, 22.  His  apprehenfions 
of  the  refults  of  his  continu- 
ing Speaker,  23.  Clarendon's 
portraiture  of  him,  ibid.  note. 
His  obfequious  Letter  to  Secre- 
tary Nicholas,  24,  25.  His 
fecond  thoughts  on  fame  fub- 
jeft,  28.  His  fecond  Letter  to 
Nicholas,  ibid,  note  f .  His  me- 
morable reply  to  Charles's  de- 
mand for  the  Five  Members, 
191,  192.  Amenities  between 
him  and  D'Ewes,  229.  231.  Im- 
preflions  of  his  charafter  as  in- 
dicated in  D'Ewes's  Journal, 
232.  His  conduft  at  the  Refto- 
ration  contrafted  with  North- 
umberland's, 234  and  note. 
Always  a  time-ferver,  235.  His 
conflifts  with  Members  of  the 
Houfe,  236.  238.  241.  Violates 
precedent  by  voting  in  a  divi- 
fion,  237.  Inftances  in  which 
D'Ewes  fets  him  right,  238. 
239.  247.  His  deficiencies  as 
Speaker,  ibid.  Rebuked  for 
coming  late  to  the  Houfe,  248. 
Effeft  of  his  example  on  another 
Member,  248,  249.  See  alfo 
178.  219.  252. 


Lewis,  Lady  Therefa;  her  "  Cla- 
rendon Gallery",  55  note. 

Lichfield,  Bifliop  of,  at  door  of 
Houfe,  102  note. 

Lilly,  William,  on  outbreak  of 
Weftminfter  tumults,  64  note. 
Puritans  and  Courtiers,  64,  65 
notes.  On  the  tumults,  and  on 
King  and  Queen's  doings,  65 
note.  On  Charles's  manner  of 
Speech,  192  note.  On  arreft  of 
Members,  King's  conduft,  &c. 
217  note.  Afpeft  of  London  on 
Sunday,  ^th  Jan.  (1641-2), 
338. 

Lincoln,  Earl  of,  37  note. 

Lincoln's  Inn  Reply  to  Common's 
Meflage,  176.  ^et  Inns  of  Court. 

Lindfay,  Robert  Earl  of,  chofen 
Commander  of  Guard  to  Par- 
liament, 116  note. 

Lifle,  Lord  (Yarmouth,  Hants), 
moves  refolution  on  I rifli  affairs, 
281. 

Littleton,  Sir  Edward  (Stafford- 
fhire).  Lord  Keeper,  receives 
Bifhops'  Proteftation  from  the 
King,  95,  His  ftiare  in  impeach- 
ment of  Five  Members,  112, 113. 
Attorney-General  Herbert's  re- 
queft  to  him,  312. 

Liturgy,  City  Petition  againft  en- 
forcement of,  32  note. 

London,  City  of,  mul6led  of  its 
Plantation  of  Derry,  217  note. 
See  City. 

Long,  Mr.  Walter  (Ludgerftiall), 
named  on  Committee  of  Safety, 
280. 

Lords,  Houfe  of,  refiife  to  join  in 
Petition  for  Lunfford's  removal, 
36  note,  65  and  note*.  Protefling 
Peers  in  this  and  D.  of  Rich- 
mond's cafe,  36  note.  37  note. 
Their  prompt  afVion  on  im- 
peachment of  Bifhops,  100. 
Vote  come  to  by  them,  100, 
101.  Bifliop  Hackett  on  their 
"  anti-epifcopal  fournefs  ",  101 
note.      Afpeft   of  Houfe   after 


Index. 


Ludlo-iv. 


Milton. 


407 


Bifhops'  Committal,  104.  Im- 
peachment of  Five  Members 
delivered  to  Houfe,  112.  Join 
with  Commons  in  demand  for 
Guard,  115.  Copy  of  King's 
reply,  116  note. 

Ludlow,  Edmund,  anecdote  re- 
lated by,  161  note.  On  number 
and  equipment  of  Charles's 
Guards  when  he  entered  the 
Houfe,  180.  Anecdote  of  Lord 
Northumberland,  235  note. 

Ludlow,  Sir  Henry  (Wiltftiire), 
moves  Vote  againft  Killegrew 
and  Fleming,  341.  Refult  of 
Difcuifion  thereon,  342. 

Lumley,  Walter,  fcurrilities  heard 
by,  362  note. 

Lunfiford  Sir  Thomas,  appointed 
Governor  of  the  Tower,  34. 
His  charafter  and  antecedents, 
34,  35.  Objeft  in  appointing 
him,  35,  36,  Clarendon's  ver- 
fion  of  his  appointment,  -^  5  note. 
Commons  iblicit  his  removal, 
37.  Day  on  which  his  War- 
rant was  figned,  61.  His  ap- 
pointment cancelled,  62.  Lords 
decline  to  petition  for  his  dif- 
miflal,  36.  65.  and  «o^^.  Sidney 
Bere's  report  thereon,  69.  Su- 
perfeded,  knighted,  and  pen- 
lioned,  70  and  note,  EfFeft  of 
his  dilmiflal  on  the  people,  71. 
Captain  Slingfby  on  fame  fub- 
jeft,  77.  Led  aflault  in  Weft- 
minfter  Hall,  82.  185  note. 
Willing  to  help  in  any  defperate 
affair,  205.  322.  Stapelton's 
farcaftic  allufion  to  him,  322 
note.  Excites  fears  in  the  City, 
366,  367.  His  name  and  Dig- 
by's  coupled,  367  note, 

Lytton,  Sir  William  (Herts), 
compliments  Sir  Simonds 
D'Ewes,  219.  D'Ewes's  fcr- 
vices  to  him,  ibid.  note.  His 
Suggeftion  to  Houfe,  276.  No- 
minated on  Committee  of  Safety, 


Macaulay,  Lord,  authority  cited 

in  EfTays  of,  312. 
Majorities   and   Minorities,   their 

refpeflive  rights,  &c.  9.  18.  20. 
Manchefter,  Earl  of,   16.  34  note. 

94.     . 

Mandeville,  Lord,  puts  in  his  claim 
for  office,  54.  Withdraws  in  fa- 
vour of  HoUis,  55.  Impeached 
with  Five  Members,  182  note, 
311  note.    See  Kimbolton. 

Manuscript  Authorities  cited 
or  referred  to  :  See  Bere.  Carte- 
rett.  Bering.  D^Eives.  Do-ivfe, 
Latche.  Marfton.  Nicholas, 
Porter.  Slingfhy.  Smith  {Thos.). 
Windebank.   Wife  man  {Thomas). 

Markham,  John  (Chief  Juftice 
temp.  Edw.  IV.)  on  King's 
right  of  arreft,  312. 

Marlton,  John,  warns  Lord  Kim- 
bolton, 87.  117.  Copy  of  his 
Letter,  ibid,  note.  His  fources 
of  information,  88. 

Marten,  Harry  (Berkfhire),  carries 
Houfe's  Meflage  to  Lord  New- 
port, 37.  How  D'Ewes  cha- 
rafterifed  him,  220. 

Mary,  Queen,  305. 

Mafham,  Sir  W.  (ElTex),  oppofes 
Luniford's  appointment,  36. 

Maxwell,  James,  Ufher  of  Black 
Rod  and  his  Epifcopal  prifoners, 
105  and  note.  Sent  by  the  King 
for  Rufhworth,  251. 

May,  Thomas,  on  King's  Vifit  to 
City,  1 30, 131  notes.  On  King's 
right  to  withhold  names  of  his 
advifers,  141  note.  On  number 
and  equipment  of  King's  Guards 
on  entering  Houfe,  180,  181. 
Miftakes  made  by  him,  1 98  note. 

Maynard,  John  (Totnefs),  aftive 
in  debate,  309.  Able  Speech 
by,  344 — 347.  His  bafenels  at 
the  Reftoration,  344. 

Merchants  of  London  in  Charles's 
time,  253,  254. 

Milton,     John,    vituperated     by 
Biihop  Hacket,  90,  91  notes. 
B  E  2 


408 


Index, 


Mildmay. 

Mildmay,  Sir  Henry  (Maiden), 
complains  of  Mr.  Jeflbn's^fierce 
look,  239,  240.  Rebukes 
Speaker  Lenthal,  248. 

Montreuil,  French  Ambaffador, 
warns  popular  Leaders,  86. 131. 
328. 

Montrofe,  James  Graham,  Lord, 
made  a  Marquis,  17.  His  offer 
to  kill  Argyie  and  Hamilton, 
284,  285,  286  notes. 

Moore,  Mr.  and  the  Clerk's  Jour- 
nals, 232. 

Morton,  Father,  has  a  great  mind 
to  accufe  Secretary  Windebank, 
224,  225  notes. 

Motteville,  Madame  de,  a  fuf- 
pefted  Betrayer  of  Court  Secrets, 
86.  Incidents  ftated  in  her 
Memoirs,  130.  138.  139.  146. 

Murray,  William,  fufpefled  of 
betraying  Court  Secrets,  15 
note.  Clofeted  with  the  King 
and  Queen,  139.  Queen's  de- 
fignation  of  him,  ibid.  note. 

Murrayes,  the,  27  note. 

Nalson,  John,  on  the  caufe  of  the 
Weftminfter  tumults,  65  note* 

Nelfon,  Rev.  Mr.  fneers  at  Pym's 
Scholarfhip,  358  note. 

Napier,  Mr.  on  Montrofe's  mur- 
derous offer,  284,  285,  286 
notes. 

Newburgh,  Lord,  34,  note.  To 
be  Mafler  of  the  Wards,  58. 

Newgate,  attacked  by  the  Citi- 
zens, 32  and  note. 

Newport,  Lord,  36  note.  37  note. 
Requefled  to  take  Command  of 
Tower,  37.  Difmifled  by  the 
King,  ibid.  Nature  of  Charge 
againfthim :  Charles's  demeanour 
towardshim,37 — 39.  Hisdifmif- 
fal  debated  in  the  Commons,  82. 

Nicholas,  Sir  Edward,  Secretary 
of  State  j  appoints  Sidney  Bere 
Under-Secretary,  5.  Communi- 
cates Lord  Kimbolton's  doings 
to  the  King,  15,  16.     Vengeful 


O'Cormel. 
purport  of  the  King's  letters, 
17,  18.  Speaker  Lenthal's  ob- 
fequioufnel's,  24,  25.28  note\. 
Sidney  Bere's  teftimony  to  his 
worth,  26,  27  note  \.  "Sworne 
Secretary  ofState  and  knighted", 
28  note.  49.  Communicates 
Court  GofI5p  to  Admiral  Pen- 
nington, 54,  55.  King's  letters 
to  him  from  Scotland,  57. 
Further  news  on  Official 
changes,  ibid.  Why  he  objefts 
to  Ecclefiaflical  Reform,  58. 
His  lift  of  Popular  Leaders  de- 
fignated  for  office,  ibid.  Pre- 
mature in  his  anticipations  of 
Difmiffal,  59.  Iffues  new  Pro- 
clamation againft  Fi've  Members, 
269.  His  Inftruftions,  269,  270. 
His  precaution  in  taking  King's 
Orders,  271.  271  note.  His  con- 
nexion with  Order  relative  to 
Trained  Bands,  3  24  note.  Griefs 
of  felf  and  wife,  362,  363.  See 
alfo  49  note.  140.  155.  257  note. 

North,  Lord,  36  note,  37  note. 

Northcote,  Sir  John  (Afhburton), 
bold  avowal  by,  242,  243.  Oc- 
cafion  on  which  fame  was  made, 
243  note. 

Northumberland,  Algernon  Percy, 
Earl  of.  Lord  Admiral :  In- 
tended fuccefTor  to,  4.  Joins  in 
Proteft  relative  to  Lunfford's  ap 
pointment,  36  note.  65.  Dowle's 
Vifits  to  him  on  Pennington's 
behalf,  51  note.  Leads  the  Lords 
in  the  Bifhops'  cafe,  100.  His 
change  to  the  popular  fide,  135. 
His  conduft  contrafled  with 
Lenthal's,  234,  235  notes.  Re- 
torts on  the  King,  382.  See 
alfo  37  note.  76  note.  100.  297. 

Note-taking,  D'Ewes's  comment 
on  propofal  for  preventing, 
233. 

O'CONNEL,  Captain  Owen,  Crom- 
well's complaint  relative  to,  85 
note. 


Index, 


409 


Ogle. 
Ogle,  Captain,  depofes  to  hoftile 
intention  of  King's  Guard,  327. 
Oudart,  Mr.  204  note. 
Owen,  Captain,  76  note. 

Paget,  Lord,  37  note. 

Palmer's,  Geoffrey  (Stamford), 
Proteft  againft  the  Reinon- 
ftrance,  and  its  Refult,  7,  8.  Ef- 
feft  on  Charles  of  courfe  taken 
by  him  and  his  aflbciates,  18. 

Palmes,  Sir  Guy  (Rutland),  on 
propofal  to  alter  a  meffage,  232. 
Awed  into  a  Vote,  241. 

Paris,  fierce  froftin  Paris  (i  641-2), 
67  note. 

Parliament,  Firft  great  Divifions 
in,  7.  Refult  of  firft  Party 
Struggle,  10.  The  People's 
only  hope,  65  note.  Foreign 
aid  againft  it  folicited  for 
Charles  I.  224.  Expofition  of 
its  powers,  273.  See  Commons. 
Lords. 

Parry's  Treafon,  temp.  Q^  Eliz. 
305. 

Party.     See  Parliament. 

Peard,  George  (Barnftable),  nature 
of  errand  confided  to,  174. 
Reproves  members  for  inter- 
rupting D'Ewes,  222. 

Pemberton,  Subftance  of  Exami- 
nation of,  79  note. 

Pembroke,  Earl  of,  joins  in  the 
LunfFord  Proteft,  36  note.  65. 
How  he  bore  his  lofs  of  Office, 

57-. 

Penningman.     See  Pennyman. 

Pennington,  Admiral  Sir  John. 
Value,  for  purpofes  of  this  Nar- 
rative, of  Letters  addreffed  to, 
3.  Services  rendered  by  him  to 
the  King  and  his  party,  3,  4. 
Clarendon's  charafter  of  him,  3 
note.  Fate  of  his  appointment 
as  Lord  Admiral,  4.  Declines 
to  aft  on  Bere's  hint,  30  note. 
Further  on  fame  topic,  from 
Captain  Dowfe,  51  note.  Makes 
Secretary    Nicholas's     Wife    a 


Priejis. 

"Proude  Woman",  57.  Se- 
cret fervice  undertaken  by  him, 
361.  His  Correfpondents  :  See 
Bere.  Carterett.  Do-ivfe.  Nicholas. 
Slingjby.  Smith  (Thomas).  Wife- 
man  {Ihomas). 

Pennington,  Alderman  Ifaac  (Lon- 
don), charged  with  important 
duty  by  the  Commons,  124 — 
155.  157.  174.  Prominent  in 
debate  under  Glyn,  309.  Suf- 
pefts  tamperings  with  Town 
Guards,  340,  341. 

Pennyman,  Sir  William  (Rich- 
mond), defignated  Succeflbr  to 
Vane  the  younger,  30  note.  51 
note.  52 

Pepys's  glee  over  Glyn's  accident, 
344  note.  His  tribute  to  Slingf- 
by's  memory,  365  note. 

Percy,  Henry  (Northumberland), 
objeft  of  Confpiracy  of,  with 
Goring,  246. 

Pierrepoint,  Francis  (Notting- 
ham), endeavours  to  exculpate 
Attorney-General  Herbert,  128 
note,  312,  313. 

Pierrepoint,  William  (Great  Wen- 
lock),  named  on  Committee  of 
Safety,  280. 

Pope,  Foreign  aid  folicited  by  the, 
for  Charles  I.  224. 

Porter,  Endymion  (Droitwich), 
why  abfent  from  Parliamentary 
duties,  364  note.  His  cha- 
rafteriftic  Letter  to  his  wife, 
364,  365  notes. 

Poulton,  Ferdinando,  repeats  a 
Scurrilous  Couplet,  3  58  note. 

Prentices  of  London  attacked  by 
the  Soldiers,  68.  Exafperation 
of  the  people  thereat,  69. 

Price,  Charles  (Radnorftiire),  duty 
affigned  to  by  Commons  in  ex- 
peftation  of  Second  Vifit  from 
the  King,  338. 

Price,  Herbert  (Brecon),  Teller  in 
Divifions,  279  and  note.  Named 
on  Committee  of  Safety,  2 1 5,280. 

Priefts     condemned,     commotion 


4IO 


Index. 


Prince  EleSlor, 


caufed  by  Reprieve  of,  31.  32. 
and  note. 

Prince  Eleftor.  See  Charles, 
EleSior  Palatine. 

Privilege  not  claimed  by  Com- 
mons to  bar  a  juft  Charge,  320. 
See  Commons. 

Pye,Sir  Robert  (Woodftock),  duty 
impofed  upon,  no.  Wifhes  for 
fome  way  of  accommodation 
with  the  King,  201  note. 

Pye,  Sir  Walter :  Subjeft  of  his  dif- 
courfe  with  the  Pope's  nephew, 
225  note. 

Pym,  John  (Taviftock :  one  of 
the  Five  Accufed),  refult  of 
Court  Offers  of  Place  to,  9. 
Clarendon's  infinuationsrefpeft- 
ing  him,  12.  Offence  intended 
to  be  charged  on  him  by  Charles, 
12.  14.  15.  Clarendon's  regret 
at  his  non-acceptance  of  office, 
13  note.  42.  Objeft  of  Conful- 
tations  at  his  Chelfea  Lodgings, 
16.  His  praftical  reply  to  paral- 
lel between  him  and  Strafford, 
19.  Suggefts  exiflence  of  Con- 
fpiracy  to  get  up  charges  of 
treaibn,  ibid.  Caufes  of  his 
great  popularity ;  his  earlier 
fervices  and  endurances,  39,40. 
His  rife  to  the  Leaderfhip,  and 
qualifications  for  fame,  41. 
Clarendon's  tribute  to  his  popu- 
larity, ibid.  Why  Charles's 
efforts  to  win  him  over  failed, 
42  note.  Specimens  of  Royalifl 
Lampoons  on  him,  43 — 46  notes. 
199  note.  His  fecret  influence 
over  the  King,  45 — 46.  Ufe 
made  of  his  Speeches  by  the 
King  after  his  death,  46.  His 
laft  Refling-place,  ibid,  note. 
Renewed  offers  of  Place  made 
to  him,  47.  Points  wherein  he 
was  lefs  extreme  than  Hamp- 
den, ibid.  Clarendon's  tefti- 
mony  on  this  head,  ibid.  note. 
Why  Charles's  Offers  came  too 
late :     Sir    Edward      Dering's 


Pym. 
Minute  on  the  fubje6l,  48.  152. 
Proximate  date  of  the  King's 
Offer  to  him,  49.  His  reception 
of  old  Vane  on  the  latter's  dif- 
miffal,  52.  Former  offers  of 
place  to  him  and  his  party  fur- 
ther difcufled,  53 — 58.  Charles's 
poffible  motive  in  his  later  offer 
of  Place  to  Pym  alone,  59,  60. 
Had  timely  Information  of 
King's  Intent  againft  him,  88. 
Paffage  on  this  topic  from  one 
of  his  Speeches,  ibid.  note. 
Members  alarmed  by  a  fug- 
geftion  of  his,  106.  Charafter  ' 
and  obje6l  of  his  Speech,  107. 
His  fources  of  information,  108. 
His  Plan  :  how  received  by  the 
Houfe,  108,  109.  On  King's 
refufal  of  Guard  :  fragments  of  I 
his  Speech,  118,  119.  Seizure 
of  his  Papers  by  King's  War- 
rant, 119,  120.  302.  His  con- 
nexion with  Lady  Carlifle,  133. 
Scandal  and  Libels  to  which 
this  Connexion  gave  rife,  135, 
136  notes.  Queen's  Queflion 
about"  that  roundheaded  man", 
136,  137  notes.  Defends  him- 
felf  againfl  the  Impeachment, 
161 — 165.  Away  to  the  City 
by  Water,  179.  Looked  for  in 
the  Houfe  by  Charles,  186.  189 
note.  190.  1 91.  His  rejoinder  to 
King's  Complaint  againft  him, 

210.  Communicates  to  the 
Houfe  anonymous  warning  of 
Treachery  received  by  him,  210, 

211.  Tolerant  feeling  between 
him  and  D'Ewes,  220.  Ob- 
jection taken  to  Anfwer  to 
Royal  Meffage  drawn  by  him, 

221.  His  "  difcretion  and  mo- 
defty  "  commended  by  D'Ewes, 

222.  His  heavieft  charge  againft 
the  King  proved,  299,  300. 
Thoufands  of  Petitioners  for 
him,  338.  357.  Juftificatory 
paragraphs  from  Petition,  357 
note.     Sample  of  attacks  upon 


Index. 


Reformadoes. 
him,  358  note.  Thanks  City 
for  proteftion,  371.  Dering's 
charafteriftic  expreflion,  372. 
Avowal  made  in  his  "Vindi- 
cation", 379,  380.  Seealfo  13 
note.  37.  177.  178.  182  note. 
198.  215.  225  note.  233.  245. 
246.  267.  269.  271  note.  272. 
295.  311  note.  320.  328.  348. 


Reformadoes,  what  they  were, 
180  note. 

Remonftrance,  Debates  on  the,  4, 
5.  6,  7.  Palmer's  Proteft,  8.  Tac- 
tics of  the  Minority,  9,  10.  Its 
publication,  60.  Its  objeft,  377. 
Referred  to,  113,  154,  163,  253, 

274. 

Richardfon,  junior,  and  John 
Walker  find  anonymous  letter 
addrefftd  to  Pym,  210. 

Richmond,  James  Stuart,  Duke 
of,  appointed  Lord  Steward,  30 
note.  His  fally :  Proteft  of 
Peers  on  the  occafion,  36  note. 
279  note.  Windebank's  liking 
for  him,  50  note* . 

Rigby,  Alexander  (Wigan),  pur- 
port of  Motion  made  in  Com- 
mons Houfe  by,  160,  161, 

Robartes,  Lord,  36  note. 

Rochefter,  Earl  of.  See  Claren- 
don^ Henry,  Earl  of. 

RoUe,  Sir  Samuel  (Devon),  named 
on  Committee  of  Safety,  280. 

Rome,  letter  on  Englifli  politics 
at,  224,  225  notes. 

Romilly,  Sir  John,  Matter  of  the 
Rolls  !  Services  rendered  to 
Engllfti  Hiftory  by,  3  note. 

Roundheads  and  Cavaliers,  firft 
ufe  of  the  epithets,  62,  63. 
Hampfhire  Vicar's  antipathy, 
how  exprelTed,  63  note.  Wil- 
liam Lilly  on  this  topic,  64 
note.  Clarendon  on  origin  of 
the  two  epithets,  74.  Baxter's 
anecdote  of  the  "  roundheaded 
man",  136 — 7  notes.  Rufliworth 


411 

Sandford. 
on    the     "firft    miniting"    of 
'*  Roundheads",  185  note. 

Rous,  F.  (Truro),  moves  prefen- 
tation  of  Members'  Fines  to 
Dr.  Leighton,  249. 

Rowley's  Evidence  as  to  threats 
of  French  interference,  85. 

Roxborough,  Earl  of,  keeps  the 
Commons'  door  open,  185. 

Rudyard,  Sir  B.  (Wilton),  named 
on  Committee  of  Safety,  280. 

Rupert,  Prince,  1^6  note.  185. 

Rufliworth,  John,  as  to  Guard  ac- 
companying King  to  Houfe, 
180.  On  the  term  Roundhead, 
185  note.  Takes  down  Charles's 
Speech,  187,  188.  Charles's 
correftions  and  erafures  therein 
'verbatim,  188,  189.  Sent  for 
by  the  King,  251.  King's  re- 
joinder to  his  excufes,  252. 
What  took  place  after  he  quitted 
the  King,  253.  His  account 
of  Charles's  reception  in  Guild- 
hall, 258,  259  notes.  His  ftate- 
ment  of  Houfe's  Proceedings 
on  5//i  January,  290  note.  Ex- 
tent of  his  notes  of  Guildhall 
Sitting  on  6tA  January,  300. 
On  number  of  Bucks  Petitioners, 
353  note.  347  note.  351  note. 
See  alfo  289.  290.  292.  293. 

Ruflell,  Lord  John,  quoted,  40 
note  t- 

Ruflell,  Sir  William,  Joint  Trea- 
furer  of  the  Navy,  51.  Made 
Sole  Treafurer,  52. 


Sailor  Volunteers,  Services  of 
accepted  by  Commons,  347  and 
note.  348.  Epithets  beftowed 
on  them  by  the  King,  348.  359. 

Saint  John,  Lord,  36  note. 

Saint  John,  Oliver  (Totncfs) ; 
Clarendon's  Speculations  on  pof- 
fible  refult  of  offer  of  place  to,  1 3 
note.  Not  on  Committee  of 
Safety,  280, 

Sandford,  Afr.  J.  L.  argument  of, 


412 


Index. 


Savile. 


as  to  Strode's  identity  can- 
vaffed,  i9g  note. 

Savile,  Thomas,  Lord,  appointed 
Treafurer  of  Houfehold,  30  note. 
SO. 

Saye  and  Seale,  William,  Lord 
(Old  Subtlety),  36  note.  37  note. 
38.  Office  propofed  to  be  given 
to  him,  55.  58. 

Scot  the  Regicide  and  Speaker 
Lenthal,  234.. 

Scottifli  Covenant  and  City  of 
London,  256. 

Selden,  John  (Oxford  Univerfity), 
40  note.  14.7  note. 

Shakefpeare,  William,  unnoticed 
and  unknown,  91  note. 

Shaw^berie,  Thomas,  afperfes  Pym, 
358  note. 

Shepherd,  one  Mr.  in  the  wrong 
place,  251. 

Simmons,  S.  Publiflier  of  Paradife 
Loft,  91  note. 

Skippon,  Major,  and  his  Trained 
Bands,  256.  Invefted  with 
Command  of  Tower,  335.  His 
character  and  fubfequent  emi- 
nence, ibiJ.  Anecdote  told  by 
Whitelock,  334,  335  notes. 
Office  created  for  him :  its  ne- 
cefTity,  336.  Made  Sergeant- 
Major-General  of  City  forces, 
351,     Duties  afligned   to   him, 

35i>  35^- 
Slingfby,  Captain  Robert  (Cor- 
refpondent  of  Admiral  Penning- 
ton), prefumed  defign  of,  in 
coming  to  London,  4..  Letters  on 
the  Remonftrance  Debate,  4,  7. 
Anticipates  great  things  from 
King's  Vifit,  21,  22.  Change 
wrought  in  his  views,  25,  26. 
News  of  the  King,  the  Houfes, 
and  the  Citizens,  26  note.  On 
altered  afpeft  of  affairs,  27.  28. 
On  Commotion  excited  by  re- 
prieve of  condemned  Priefts, 
32  note.  Animus  of  "  fome  of 
the  Parliament"  towards  him- 
felf,  76  note.      His  account  of 


Songs. 
the  Weftminfter  tumults,  77. 
On  charge  againft  Earl  of  Brif- 
tol,  78.  Iflue  predicted  if  the 
King  yield  not,  80.  His  account 
confirmed  by  D'Ewes,  81.  His 
apprehenfions  as  to  the  Biftiops' 
Proteftation,  97,98.  "Extreame 
tempeftuous  weather  ",  99  note. 
On  number  and  equipment  of 
King's  Guard,  181 — 183.  De- 
fcribes  Impeachment  of  Five 
Members,  182  note.  How  the 
King  came  into  the  Houfe,  184. 
What  the  King  did  and  faid, 
194  note.  Charles'  reception  at 
Guildhall  and  how  he  fared  by 
the  way,  260 — 263.  Curious 
incident  related  by  him,  268 
note.  Further  on  pofition  of 
Affairs  between  King  and  Par- 
liament, 298,  299.  His  words 
a  confirmation  of  Pym's  Charge, 
300.  On  Return  of  Five  Mem- 
bers and  King's  flight,  366,  367. 
Clofeof  his  letter,  367  «o/^.  His 
after  career  :  Pepys'  tribute  to 
his  memory,  365,  366  notes. 
Smith,  Mr.  Philip  (Marlborough), 
brin  gs  up  Middle  Temple  R  eply, 

\77- 

Smith,  Thomas  (Correfpondent  of 
Admiral  Pennington) :  On  dif- 
ferences between  King  and. 
Commons,  61,  62.  Attack  of 
Soldiers  on  'Prentices,  68,  69. 
On  <'  the  laft  plott  of  the 
Bifhopps",  99.  Compares  Arch- 
bifhop  Williams  to  Achitophel, 
100.  Troubles  confequent  on 
the  King's  Attempt,  206 — 208. 
How  matters  ftand  between 
King  and  City,  297,  298. 
His  View  of  King's  Stretch  of 
power,  311,  312  notes. 

Soame,  Alderman  Sir  Thomas 
(London)  joined  with  Venn  and 
Pennington  in  deputation  to 
City,  174. 

Songs  and  Libels  on  the  Popular 
Leaders,  and  their  friends,  no- 


Index. 


Southampton. 

ticed,  17.  43 — 46.  199,256  note. 

306  note.  355  «o/^.  362  »o/f. 
Southampton,  Earl  of,  made  Privy 

Councillor,  267. 
Southwark  Trained   Bands,  34.9. 

359-  369- 

Spencer,  Lord,  36  note. 

Spenfer,  Edmund,  Bifliop  Racket's 
efteem  for,  91  note. 

Stamford,  Earl  of,  36  note. 

Stapleton,  Sir  Philip  (Borough- 
bridge),  appointed  a  manager  in 
Conference  with  the  Lords,  121. 
Nominated  on  Committee  of 
Safety,  280.  Moves  refolution 
on  Irifh  Affairs,  281.  His 
farcaftic  allulion  to  Lunfford, 
322  note.  See  alfo  126,  309. 
316. 

Strafford,  Thomas  Wentveorth, 
Earl  of,  2.  4.  13.  19.  39.  41. 
51.  51  note.  52.  54.  55.  76  note. 
77.  134.  i2S»ote.  1^6  note.  137. 
162.  251.  256.  355  note.  357. 

Strafford,  young  Earl  of,  Gene- 
rofity  of  Houle  of  Commons  to, 
227  note. 

Strode,  William  (Beeralflon,  one 
of  the  Five  Accufed),  in- 
credulous as  to  Herbert  and 
Littleton's  affertion,  128  and 
note.  313.  Clarendon's  uncivil 
allufion  to  him,  149  note,  His 
declaration  as  to  real  obje(5t  of 
Impeachment.  165.  Dragged 
out  of  the  Houfe  by  his  friend, 
179.198 — 200.  On  his  identity 
with  the  Strode  of  James's  Par- 
liament, 198  note.  Contempt 
of  the  Royalifts  for  him,  199 
note.  Epithets  bellowed  upon 
him  by  D'Ewes,  220.  Gets  the 
worft  in  an  altercation  with 
D'Ewes,  222,  223.  See  alfo 
177,  178.  182  note.  198.  270. 
271  note.  311  note.  320.  348. 
371.      See  Five  Members. 

Suffolk,  Earl  of,  36  note. 

Sunday  in  London,  gtA  Jan. 
(1641 — 2),  defcribed  338,  339. 


413 


Vane. 


Swift's  reminder,  to  a  high-flying 
fecretary,  382  note. 

Tory  and  Whig,  62. 

Tower ;  name  beftowed  by  Cour- 
tiers on  the,  33.  Qualifications 
required  in  its  Governor,  ibid. 
Steps  taken  by  Commons  for 
its  fecurity,  334.  Clarendon's 
admiflion,  334  note.  Skippon 
invefted  with  its  command,  325. 
Pym's  later  reference  to  this 
fubjeft,  325  note,  Sufpicions 
communicated  by  Alderman 
Pennington,  340,  341.  Its 
Lieutenants  and  Governing 
Officers.  See  Balfour.  Biron. 
Coniers.  Lunfford.  Neniuport. 
Skippon. 

Temple,  Inner  and  Middle,  Re- 
plies of,  to  Commons'  MefTage, 
176,  177.     See  Inns  of  Court. 

Trained  Bands  of  London,  254. 
323.  336.  See  City.  South- 
ivark. 


Valentine.  Mr.  27  note. 

Vane,  Sir  Henrythe  elder  (Wilton), 
fuperfeded,  27  note,  30  note.  50. 
His  Treafurerfhip  of  the  Houfe- 
hold  given  to  Lord  Savile. 
Windebank's  fellow  feeling 
towards  him,  50  note*.  Wel- 
comed back  by  Pym,  52.  Takes 
up  extreme  pofition  in  debate, 
242,  243. 

Vane,  Sir  Henry,  the  younger 
(Hull),  difmiffed  from  Office,  30 
note.  51.  Believed  to  be  for  "  root 
and  branch  ",47  note.  Candi- 
dates for  his  poft,  51  note. 
His  pofition  in  the  Opinion  of 
the  Commons,  52.  Their  dif- 
pleafure  at  his  difmiffal,  53. 
Conference  and  committee  on 
which  he  was  named,  173.316. 
Exception  to  Harry  Killegrew's 
Speech,  244.  His  addition  to 
Guildhall  Refolution,  315,  316. 


414 


Index, 


Vaughan. 
319.      Bafenefs   of  his  former 
friends,  344.     See  173.  316. 

Vaughan,  Mr.  John  (Cardigan 
Town),  Supported  by  D'Ewes, 
zzi. 

Venn,  Captain  John  (London), 
duty  impofed  by  Commons  on, 
124.  155.  157.  174. 

Verney,  Sir  Ralph  (Aylelbury)  : 
Notes  of  proceedings  of  Long 
Parh'ament  (Camden  Society 
Book)  by,  quoted  or  referred 
to,  20  note*.  37  note.  84.  180. 
183.  184.  185.  193.  289.  290. 
292.  343.  347.  347  note.  His 
Statement  of  what  took  place 
ith  January,  290  note.  His  notes 
of  Guildhall  Sitting  on  the  6th 
Jan,  300.  His  miftakes,  351 
note. 


John.    See  Richardfon, 
between    Pym 


Walker, 
Simon. 

Waller's    parallel 
and  Strafford,  19 

Walfingham,  Sir  Thomas,  Kt. 
(Rochefter)  named  on  Com- 
mittee of  Safety,  280. 

War.     See  Ci^il  War. 

Warburton,Bifliop,on  Lunfford's 
appointment,  36, 

Warrants,  Royal,  Debates  and 
Refolutions   on,  303 — 308.  313 

—315-  330—332-  343-  See 
Charles.  Commons. 

Warwick,  Earl  of,  36  note.  Scur- 
rilous Couplet  on,  -^^Snote. 

Warwick,  Sir  Philip  (Radnor 
Town)  J  Scandal  againft  Lady 
Carlifle,  135,  136  and  notes. 
His  opinion  as  to  Hampden's 
death,  168  note.  Suggefts  that 
Commons  are  guilty  of  Treafon, 
350.  Anecdote  told  by  him, 
382  note. 

"Water  Rats",  348.  359. 

Wentworth, Sir  Peter  (Tamworth), 
241.  Horror  of  Culpcper  at  his 
"folly",  242. 

Weftminfter    Tumults ;    William 


Williams, 
Lilly  on,  64  note.  Their  real 
caufe,  65  and  note*.  Prologue 
to  the  Civil  war,  66.  Objeft 
aimed  at,  66,  67.  Soldiers' 
attack  on  Prentices,  68,  69. 
Caufe  of  King's  acceptance  of 
Volunteer  Guard,  76.  Slingf- 
by's  Verfion  of  thefe  Tumultsj 
77,78.  Aftion  taken  by  Com- 
mons to  prevent  their  recurrence, 
85.  Courfe  adopteil  by  Bifhops, 
89,  90. 
Wharton,    Lord    (Beverley),     36 

note.  38. 
Wheeler,  Mr.  (Weftbury),  Watch 
duty  impofed  upon,  no.  Named 
on  Committee  of  Safety,  280. 
Whig  and  Tory,  62. 
Whitelock,   Bulftrode  (Marlow), 
on  Queen's  influence  in  King's 
Counfels,  129,  130.     His  View 
of  Lady     Carlifle's    Warning, 
145  note.  Named  on  Committee 
of  Safety,   280.     His  queftion- 
able   aflertion,    383.     See   354, 
354«o/f.  382. 
Wich,  Sir  Peter,  breaks  open  the 

Arms  Cheft,  217  note. 
Wilde,  Serjeant  (Worcefterftiire), 
fits  as  Chairman  of  Committee, 
■309,  310,  Wrong  ifTue  fuggefted 
by  him,  314.  Set  right  by 
D'Ewes,  314,  315.  See  330. 
Williams,  John,  Archbifhop  of 
York,  roughly  handled  by  the 
Prentices,  71  and  note  f. 
Slingfby's  account  of  his  treat- 
ment, 77.  His  part  in  the 
affray  next  day,  78.  A  fighting 
Archbifhop,  79.  Bramfton's, 
Hyde's,  and  Hacket's  Accounts 
compared,  8  9  note.  Real  Author 
of  Bifhops'  Proteftation,  91,  92. 
Proceedings  had  on  the  matter 
at  his  Lodgings,  94.  Bifhops 
furprifed  by  him  into  concur- 
rence, 95.  Dubbed  Achitophel, 
100.  How  his  Intrigue  was 
baffled,  ibid.  He  and  Laud  in 
prifon  together,  102.  Caricatures 


Wilbughby. 
upon  him  :    Laud's  enjoyment 
or  fame,    102,    103,   103   note. 
Apprentices  provoked  by  him, 
185  note. 

Willoughby  de  Parham,  Lord,  37 
note. 

Windebank,  Sir  Francis,  Claren- 
don on  flight  of,  32,  33  notes. 
His  fecret  underftanding  with 
the  Queen  and  grief  at  lofs  of 
Office,  49,  50  notes.  His  fellow 
feeling  for  a  caft  Courtier,  50 
note  *.  Defires  to  return  to 
England,  67,  68  notes.  ,  Con- 
cerning his  conneftion  with  the 
Roman  Catholics,  224,  225 
notes. 

Wifeman,  Sir  Richard,  flain  in 
the  Weftminfter  Tumults,  64. 
Further  references  to  the  oc- 
currence, 70.  78.  80  note.  185 
note. 

Wifeman,  Thomas  (Correfpondent 
of  Admiral  Pennington),  cha- 


Index,  415 

Young  Man. 
rafter  and  pofition  of,  7.  On  Pal- 
mer's committal  to  the  Tower, 

8.  On  clofe  of  Remonftrance 
Debate,  and  ftate  of  Houfes,  8, 

9.  On  the  King's  reception  in 
the  City,  22.  On  Changes  of 
offices,  29,  30.  notes.  On 
King's  Second  Vifit  to  the  City, 
264 — 267.  268.  His  defpairing 
View  of  affairs,  287.  295. 

Wray,  Sir  C.  (Great  Grimfby), 

Wray,  Sir  John  (Lincolnlhire), 
both  named   on  Committee  of 
Safety,  280. 

Wright,  Edward,  Alderman,  Sub- 
ftance  of  Pemberton's  Examina- 
tion before,  79  note. 

Wright,  Thomas,  Political  Ballads 
(Percy  Society  Book)  edited  by, 
358  note. 

Young  Man,  Queftion  raifed  by 
'   D'Ewes's  ufe  of  the  term,  198 
and  note.     279  note. 


I  HAVE  to  thank  Mr.  Henry  Campkin  for  the  great  care  and  flcill 
with  which  this  Index  has  been  compiled. 

J.  F. 


THE    END. 


BRADBURY    AND    EVANS,    PRINTERS,    WHITEFRIARS. 


ERRATA 


I  for  "Archetil"  read  "  Awchetil." 


PAGE. 

91.  5  from  bottom  (»c/^) :  for  "  J5.  Simmons  "  read  "  .S".  Simmons." 
126.  Laft  line 
137.  Laft  line 
147.  4th  marginal  note,  for  "1828  "  read  "  1628," 
280.  Line  12,  for  "  Cockerwor//;; "  read  "  CockerOTOwM." 

370.  Laft  line  but  one  {note),  for  "/>o/?  364"  read  "/o/?  374." 

371.  Line  8  from  bottom  (note),  for  "  title"  read  "letter." 
382.  Laft  line  but  one  («o^£'),  for  "worftiip"  read  "  lordftiip." 

389.  {Index)  under  "Authorities  cited":  MS.  after  Bering  infert 
D^Enjoes.     Printed,  after  Lilly  infert  Ludloiv. 

403.  {Index)  under  "Herbert,  Sir  Edward,"  for  "  348.  371,"  read 
"378.   381,"  and  ^f/f  379. 


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