The art of speaking [by J. Burgh, ed. by S. Whyte].

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THE

A R T •

O F

SPEAKING.

CONTAINING,

L An Essay; in which are given Rules for
expreffing properly the principal Paf&ons and
Humours, which occur in Reading, or Public
Speaking; and

IL Lessons taken from the Ancients and
Moderns (withAdditionsand Alterations, where
thought ufeful) exhibiting a Variety of Matter
for Praftice j the emphatical Words printed in
Italics ; with Notes of Direftion referring to
the Essay.

To which are added,

A Table of the Lessons ; and an Ikdex of the various
Passions and Humours in the E^iSAY and Lessons.

Ncque vcro xniiu quidquam prxllabilius videtur, quam poflc
dicendo tenerc hominum ccetus, mentcj allicere, voluntatet

impellere quo velit, unde autem velic deducere. Cic.

I

The S E V E N T H ■£ D 1 T I O N.

LONDON:

Printed for T. Longman, T. Field, C. DxLLn
W, GOLDSMITHi D. OciLVY and J. S P £ A E !•

M.rcc.xcir.

y /

•'li''*-

AN

I . «

ESSAY

V TH B

I."

ART of SPEAKING.

THAT tiratwy is an art of gzeat coofequeiice* wil}^
hardly be queftioncd in our times, unlefs it be bjr
thole, (if any are fi> ignorant) who do not know, diat it
has been taught, and fhidied, in all countries, where
learning has gained any ground, ever (ince the days of
Arifto£. Tkit the mmnur or addrefs of a &eaker, is of
the utmoft importanct, and that ayi^ and pieafitg manner in
delivering either one's own compondons, or thoTe of others,
is Mfiadt of acqmfidon, and but too much tugU&td amongft
us, ieemsunqueftionable from ^ddicitkdu we fo commomy
oh&rve in x!bKaddr^'s of our public Speakers, much more thaa
in the mattn uttered by them, and fi:om the litde i^^ pro-
duced by their labours.

Of the harmng neceflarv for fumifhing matter ^ and of the
art of arroMging it properly; q£ innwttion^ compofiti^n, and
Jljfle, various writers among the Greeks, Romans, French,
Italians, and £ngUflu have treated very copioufly. It is
Jiot my deiign to trouble the world with any thing on tfaefe
branches of oratory. I (hall confine myfelf merdy to what
she prince of orators pronounced to be the firft, fecond, and

. B thii4

( a )

third p2rt» or aUthat is mtft important in t&e art* viz. /#^*
^try^ comprehending what every gentleman oaght to be BUr
fierof refpefting^i;|&rr» htkit and command of o^oirr.

What is true of moft of die improvements, which are^
made by ftudy, or ctdtore* is peculiaily (b of the art of
/peaking* If there is not a fboBdation laid for it in the ear^
her put of ftfr» dicre is no r«a(mable.j|roHnd of expecta-
tion, that aMy mat ddgree of fldll init fboold ever be at-
tained. As it depends upon, and con£fts in prm^ia, more
than theory, it reauires the earlier inidadon: that pradioe
may have va full icope, before the time of fife arrives, in
which there may be occafion for public exhilntion. Man-
kind msft Aiok from the beginning, therefore ought, from
the be^nuBff , to be tan^ht to fpeak rightly ; elfe thev may
acijuixe i| haoit of fpealung ivrong. And whoever knows
the dificultf qf luPtaiDQgdim^ bad'hmtifsy wMl avoid that
labour by previmtion. ^Hiere is a great difference between
/peaking and mmting. Some, nay mod of mankind, are
never to be writers. All zreypeakers. Young pcrfbns ought
not to be pat upon writing (from their own funds, I mean)
till they nave nimiihed their mmds with thoughts, that is«^
till they have gotten funds s Iste theycamiot be kept fron^
i^pcaking.

Supfwfe a youth to have no mofpedl dither of fitting ia
parliament, of pleading at the bar, of appearing upon the
Jh^9 gr in thitfuipit ; does it follow,, that he need beflow
mpaiMs in leammg to fpeak properly his nmtivi ieutguagg ^
mil he never have occafion to aead in a company of hi3
fneads, a copy of<verJes,iLpaf!i^;e of a hooky or nnvs^paper ?
Muft he never read a difcouWe of Tillotfon, or a chapter eA
the Whole Duty of Man, fer the inftnxAion of his chil-
dren and fervants ? Cicero jnftly dbferves, that addrefs in
^peaking // highly omoMmtal, us vueil as u/e/ul, even in pri^
*yat€ life^. liie/i>B^/ arc parts of the body much lefs noble
than tne tmigue : Yet no gentleman grudges a confiderable
cxpenoe of time and money to have his fon taught to nfe
iiim properly. Wluch is vny commendable. And is there
no attention to be paid to the nfe of the tongue, the glory
(if man ?

Soppofing a perfen to be ever fo fmcere and Kealous a
Imbcw'virtui, and of Ids country ; widiout a competent (kill
and addrefs in /peaking, he can only /it /till, and fee them.
<ujro^ged, without havmg it in his power to prevent, or re*
dfids, the evil. Let an artful and eloquent ftatefnian ha-

* Cfe. dc OaiTT. L. u p. S3.

ranguo

•( 3 )
fanf^ the botffe rfcoounoM opon t point of tli6 ntmoft
cxmfequeAce to die pnblic good. He has it gntiily in Ins
power to miJUad the judgmmt (a( the honfe. And he» who
ytei through the dehmn, if he be anienftrd in detiroring him*
iclf, can do woihn^ tomud fnvemiimg^ the nunous fchemes)
proposed by the other* from Dcmg earned into execution^ bat
nvehit iimrvirf againfttheni, without (b much as exj^lain-
ing to the hflnfe his nmfrmt for doing To. The cafe is the
fame inodicr (nuQer aiemblies and meetings, in which vo-
Inbilitf of lonffiie, and fteadinefs of coimtenance» often cany
kimittft Iblid nafons, and important oonfiderations.

To offer a hc^ toward the improvement of youth in the
nfefid and4>manieatal accompliihment of fpeakme properly
their mocher-toogoe, is die deiign of this pnblication ; to fet
aboat whkh I have been the more excited b^ experiencing*
inmyownpradice* %*w£fit of fuch a colle6bon> as the fin-
lowing. Wtat I propoCcd to myielf at €rft, was only to pnt
together a oompttnit 'variety oi paffages out of fome of die
b^ writers in (noie and verfe* for exercifing youth in adapt-
ing their general manner of delivery to the^irx/ or humour of '
the vaiioos matter they may have occafion to pronoonce.
tech a coflrffion, I thoaght, mi^ht be acceptable to the
public, in con£deration of its fumilhing, at an eajj^ expend,
m general variety of examples forfrmdice, chofen and pointed
out, without trouble to mafters. A defign, which as far as
I know, has not before been executed ^. On farther conli-
deration, it occ u rred to me, that it might render fuch a
publication more nfeful, if I prefixed ibme genera] obferra-
tions on the method of teachmg pronunciation, and put the
emphatical words in italics, and marginal notes ihewing the
vanoHs hmmemrs or paffiemt, in the feveral examples, as they
chaise £nom one to another, in the courfe of the fpeeches.
Ml matters of places of education are not, I fi^, foffi-
dendy aware of tile extent of this part of thdr duty ; not
of the number of particulars to be attended to, which ren-
der it fo difcult to bring a young perfbn to deliver, in a
completely propermanner, afpeech containing a confiderable

* The PRicxPT«a,aworklo two «ohimetSvo, hat feme kflbm for
l^nfticc^ butoottbc«tfriej|rofbaiiio«n, orptffioas, which mj 4efiga
takes in j oor the noCe« of JireSimf or expraffinf ihon properly. Bcfidea

'varitfy

t 4 )
'VMrieij of dificrent humours or fafpons. Sb fSbakfime ma^trrp
as weU as all pupils, may find their account in ufing thk
Golledion, till a better be pubiiihed.

Whoever imagines the £ngli(h tongue unfit for orsawy,
has not a juft notion of it« Thatt by rea&a of' the difpro-'
portion between its vowels and conibiiantSy it is not ouite fi>
tradable as die Italian, and confeqnently^ not fo eanly ap-
plied to am9rous, or to plaintive mufic, is noi denied, fiut it
goes better to martial mu(ic> than the ItaEsln. ^nd in era*
lory and poetry, there is no tongue, andent» €>r modem,
capable of expreffing a greater variety of humouis^ or paf-
iions, by itsy^if«^j (l am not (peaking of its copiouihefs, as
CO phrafeoUg^) than the Englifh. The Greek, among the
ancient, and the Turkifh and Spaniih, among the modem
languages, have a loftier found, though the gutturals in them»
of which the (ngUfh is free (for it is probable, that the
ancient Greeks pronounced the letter x gutturally) are, to
mod ears, difagreeable. But there is not in thofe lau'*
guages, die variety of found which the Englifh affords.
They never quit their ^y&pomp, which, on ibme occafions,
is unnatural. Nor is there, as far as I know, any language
more copious, than the Englifh ; an eminent advantage tor
cratorj. And if we mufl fall out widi our mother-tongue^
cm account of fome hard and un-liquid fyllables in it, how
fhall we bear the celebrated i^MiMii language itfelf> in every
fentence of which we find fuch founds as tot, quot, fub, ad»
fed, eft, ut, et, nee, id, at> it, fit, funt, dat, dant, det^
dent, dabat, dabant, daret, darent> hie, hzc, hoc, fit, fuit,
erat, crunt, fert, due, fac, dic> and fb on.

It is gready to our fhame, that, while tut do fo little for
the improvement of our language* and of out manner of
fpeakmg it ih public, the Fnnch fhould take fomuch pains
in bodi thefe refpedis, though their langua^ is very much
inferior to ours^ both as toemphafis andcopioufnefs.

It is true* there is not now the fame fecnlar demand for
eloquence, as under the' popular governments of andent
times, when twenty talents (feveral thoufands of pounds)
was the fee for one fpeech * ; v^ien the tongue of an orator
could do more than the fctptre of a monarch, or the /word
of a warrior ; and when fivperior fldll in the art of harin-
suing was the certain means fbrelevadi^g him, who poiTef-
led it, to the higheft honours in the ftate. Even in our-own
country, that is pardy the cafe ; for the infbnces of tad

* PUaj %!, IfKntcs was ptsi that fum f«r one oradoii.

J^eakers

( s )

^mkert rifing to tmrnnt ftaJti^ms in the government are r<arr.
But it muft be owned, our poHtics now tarn upoti Mher
ifiMgts, than in diis times when Ureek and Roman eloquence
floonihed. Nor are we, accordingly^ like to beftow the
paiBSy which tiny did> for conTammading ourfelves in theart
of Speaking. We (hail hardly, in our ages, hear of a per-
fon's (hutting himfelf up for many months in a cell under

Sund, to Sttdy and prai^re elocution uninterrupted : or
laimine on the fea-fftorey to accoftom him(elf to harangue
anenrae^ multitude without fear; or under the points of
drawn (words £xed over his ihoolders, to cure him(elf of %
ixid habit of (krugging them up ; which, widi other par-
ttcnhrs, ve the labours recordoi to have been undertaken
by^ Demofthenes, in order to peiied himfelf, in fpile of
hu maiural di^vanuges, of which he had many, in the
art of efecution. What it to be pmed by (kill in the art of
fpeaking may not now be iuffiaent to reward the indefati-
gable dm^ence u(ed by a Demofthoies, a Pendes, an JEf"
chines, a Demetrius Pkaleittts, an Ifocrates, a Carbo, a Ci-
cero, a M. Antony, an Hortenfius, a Julius, an Augulhis,
and the reft. Yet it is ffiU of important aihjatiii^t for all
that paic of youth* whofe (lation places them within die
reach -of z^a idHctUton, to be qualified for acquitting
themfelves with repatadon, when called to fpeak in pnUic.
Infarlumutt/, at tne^r, in rhe^Ipit, at matings of mer-
chants, in <ommittta for managing puUic affairs, in large
fodeties, and on fuch like occafions, a coropetent addrefs
and readinefs, not only ia finding matter, but in txfrcffSng
^uod urgit^ it efMbntty, b what, I doubt not, many a gen-
tleman would v^lfingly acquire at the cxpence of half his
other improvements.

The leader wiM natvally refledk here upon mt important
•ofe for good fpeaking, which was umAno^n to the ancients^
^z. &r the miMtfUrial fknftion. I therefore have faid above,
yage f., that we have not the itaatJicuUur demand for elocn-
tion« as the andenu % sieamng, by refervadon, diatiiw hav«
>a mmwlf ixj^mtiud u(c for it» which they had not.

And no fmall matter of ^rief it is tothink, that, of die
three learned profeffions, real merit is there the n»/i ineffee*
titei toward rifing its pofleflbr, where it ought to be m^i
which muft greatly damp emuJeuiott and diligence. An abk
phyfidan, or Uwyer, hardly fiuis of fucceft in life. But «
dergyman may unite the Imning of a Cudworth with the
dUquemce of a Tillofifon, and the dili*very of an Atterbory :
bat, if he cannot make out a eenmdiom with hmtgremt mem^
aod it is too well known by what means /^/y are mofk com-

B 3 mooly

( 6 )

ffionly gained, he muft content klmfelf to be biuried ia »
country caracy« or vicarage, at moft, for life.

If nature unaflifled could form the eminent fpeaker> where
were the ufe of art or cultun ; which yet no one pretends to
queftion ? Art is but n4Uur$ imftvvid upon and nfimed* And
before improvement is applied, genius is but a mafs of ore
in the mine, without ludre, and without value* becaufe utt*
hiowu and untbcught rf> The andents ufed to«procure for
their youth, nufters of pronundatioR from the theatres ^ ,
and had them taught gclrare and attitude by the palaeftritas.
Thefe bift taught what is, among us, dofte by the dancing-
mailer. And, as to the former, no man ought to prefume
to fet himfelf at the head of a plage of educatioD, who b
sot in fome degree capable of teaching pronunciation.
However, I could wiih, that gendemen, who have made
themielves perfeA mailers of pronunciation and delivery,
would undertake to teach this bnuich %t places of educa-
tion, in the fame juanner as snafters of muiic, drawing,
dancing, and fencing, are ufed to do.

It is well when a youth has no natund skfiB or imfeJi'
mnu, in his fpeech. And, I ftiould, by no means, advife,
th^t he, who has, be brought l^> to a profeffion ff quiring
elocution. But there are indances eaoiign of natural defeds
fimpDounted, and eminent fpeakors iSmed by indefati-
gable (Uligence, in fpite of them. Demo^enes coold not,
when he begun to miy rhetoric, pronounce the firft letter
of the name of his :Mt. And Cicero was long-necked, and
narrow-cheibd. But diligenc and fkithful labour* in what
one is m eamefl about, fvmiottats aO diftailties. Yet we are
. commonly enoueh difepfted by pi^c fpeakers Gfpmg and
ilammering, sMid fpeaking through the noie, and pronouiw
cinff the letter R with t he ttiroafe, inAead of the tongue, and
.the letter S like Thi and fisreaaiing abo?o» or croaking bo«
low all natuml jHt^ of human voice ; ibme mumblings as
if they were ooojuriog up fpirits % others bawling, as loud ais
|be vociferous venders ot provifions in London £wts ; fome
tumbling, out the words ib precipiutdy, that no ear can
ipatch them ( others^ <ii9ggiog ^hem oat fo Aowly* that it is
fis tedious to liilen to them» as to ^onnt a great dock ; ibme
Mve got a habit of (hnw^f viuheir il^ukiers ( pthers of
^^y^ng widi tbmr b^esr ibme Wkward and forward,
pthers from ^ to fide i feme raife their eye-brow9 atevery
fhird wpcd ; fi>tne open their isKwths frightfully ; others keep
their teeth (bdofe together* that oneimld think their jaws
w$^ fttj inor ihrivel all. their features together into the
,i\ !»*j I :•■. iwWte

( 7 )

rnUSk of dieir £ioes ; /ome pofh out thti lips, u if they
v/trt mocking the audience ; others he m at cvet y panic ^
and others (mack whh their fips. and roll their 'ton|;ues
about in their months, as if they laboured under a contihiud
"Chirft. An which bad habits they ought to h^ve been broken
of in earfyy^h, or put into ways of Kfe, vx which they
woqid hare, at leaft, ofiendedy^v^ perfons.

^ It is through nej^ed in the early^ pait of life, and bad ha-
Ints takibg j&ce, that there is not a public fpeaker among
twenty, who knows what to do with his m/. To fee the
Tenenble man, who is to be the mouth of a whole people
confeffing their offenees to .their Cresftor and Judge, bnng
cHit diefe awful wbrds, '< Almighty and moft merd^ Fa-
*' tfter, Irc.^ widi his eyes over his Jh»ulder, to fee who b
jiift gone into tbe pew at his elbow ; to obferve dtis, one
would imagine diere wa^ an abfolute tnaMt of all feeling^ of
drv9ttom. But it may be, all the while, owing to notmng
bnt auhwardtufi ; and the good nan looks about him the
whole time, heii goh%<9i wiA the fervice, merely to keep
inmiidf in cdimtetumei^ ant knowing, eHe« where to pat hu
eyes.

■ £ven the placers, who excel, beyond conmarifon^ all
ether 4)eakers m this country, in what regltfds deoormM,
are» fome of them, often guilty of monftrooM^hf^rofriitits as
to the macioagement of their eyes. To direA thm foil at
the oMduntgy when they are fpeaking zJoUhqu^, or an ijM-
^ticJk, is infnfieiable. For diey oughtnot tofeem fi>anKh
as to think of Uka^dienn, or of any peribn's kxddng upon
them, at any dmei eipaaally on tifofi occafions; tnofe
ipeeches being only tliuikiug aloud, and expreffifuf wniK
veadorihoiSlbetappofedtowiflirojK)^^ Nor&they
always keep thdr ejfi$ fixed upon thofe they hudt t9, even
in imfeffimud (fiaiogue. Whether it is frcxm iadUffkefif or
that t!iey are mart out o/eemntenwict by looking one another
ftcdfiiftlyintheface, Ilcnownot: but they do often ramble
aboat «nch their eyes in a veiy unmeanbg, and umntaral

A natural genitu for defiyeiy iappofef vtfttr% uawgh it
doct not ahvays fuppofeaai«^r«/<^ ear. I have terer heard
|N)ecry, particuhuiydiatof Mihpn, better ^dten, dianby
a gentkman, who yet h^ to Ktde dEibenniient b teufic,
tiult, he has often tokl me, the griadhig oif kaires enter-
aaacd hlta as mudi as Haadel's organ.

B 4 As

* Yet^^tiKaa wnU %K9t hit mtor by aB wmm ftady wmfk.

< « )

As foon as a child can read» without fpilUngy the words
in a cominoD Engliih book, as thcSrECTAToa, he ought
to be unght the ufe of xhitjiofs, and acciiftomed, from the
beginning, to (Miy the^^iH^ regard to them as to thfworJs.
The common ride, for holding them out to their jnft length*
is tt>o txd&fcft pracHitt viz. that a comma is to hold the
lenffth of a f/lbble, a fexdicolon of two, a colofi of |hree,
anda period of four. In fome cafes, there is m^ ro b?
made at a comma, as they are often pat merely lo render
i^Mt clear', as thofe, wkuch, by Mr. Ward, and nany
other learned editorsof books, are put before every rdmih;t.
It likewiie often happens, thattbeftr^of ^nu^tterihews
a propriety, or beauty, in holding the pade^Mu^thc/^v-
ffr knpb of the flop ; particularly when any tinnf reaHirk«>
vSAyJifiking has been ottered ; by ^i^fhich means tne hearers
have time to ruminate upon it, before ^ matter, which
follows, can put it ontof their Oughts. Of this, inftances
will occur in the following leflbnsb

Young readers, are apt to get into a rebear/ug kind of sm*
notomf ; of which it is very cUfficuk to break them. Mono-
tony is hdding one ftmform hummiiug found through the
whole diicourie, without riiing or falline. Cant, is, ia
forking, as pfalmody and ballad in mime, a flrain coo-
ufting 01 a few notes rifing ^od/allij^ without variation, like
<a peal of bells, let the matar change how it will. The
cbaitntf with which the profe jpialms are half-fung, half-
j^aid, in cathedrals, is the lame kind of abfurdity. All thefe
.are tmnatural, becaufc the cominually varying &nan of the
MuUiir aaceflarily requires a continually yarymg ferics of
JoMmfs to exprefs it. Whereas chaunting in cathcorals, pfal-
mody in jariih-charches, baUad mtt£c pot to a nuxnber of
verfes, dinering in thoughts and images, and cant, or mono-
tony, in expi'emng die various nuRter of a difcourie, do n<|t
in the leaft JbwHSkr the matters they are applied to ; but on
the contrary, confound it*.

]( . Younjg people muft be taught to let their voiceyW/ at the

£9^1 of ioitencei ; and to read without any particnhu whii^,
cam, or drawl, and with the matural inflei^ons of voice,
which they ufe 'mJ^eaJtiitg. For rea^img is nothing but^^fi-
tMg what one fees m a baok» as if he were expreffing bis
404/9 fcAMipents, 4ps they rife in his mind. And no perfon
reads well» ti^jie comes to fpeak.what he fees in the boc^

^ before him in the (ame natural manner as he fpeaks.^

thoughts, whkh anfe in hb own mind. And hence it is.

•« *.

* See SracT. No, iS.

that

( 9 >
jtlitC no one can nmd propcrlv what he does sot mnderfimm/'
Which leads jne to obicrve, that there are many books mack
faisr for improving ehiUren in reading than moft parts of
Jcriptuftt eipccially of the Old Teftament. Bccaufc the luords
of oor Enghik Bible are, many of them, ohjhktei the fin-m^
/fologv, as oi all bare tranflations» Jitj't x^t fubji&s not
faxiuliar to younjg; perfons, and the charadlers gravt and
firhUding. FaifUs and tales, founded upon go^ morals*
and feied parts of hiftory and biography, and familiar Mm"
i^tus, are vaattpliofimg 9iAfuitahU to children under fevcn
and eight years of age. And fuch familiar reading, as com-
ing near to their own cbai, is mofl likely to keep them from*
or cure them of a autiui^, ivhiniKgy draivlhig, or mu-mu-'
jKirW manner.

They muft be taught, that, in queltions, the voice is
efteo to ri/e toward the end of the fentcnce, coetrary to the
manner of pronouncing mod ofbfr forts of matter ; bccauie
the empbatical word, or that, upon wlikh the jire/s of the
qucftionlies. Is often Htkcla/i in the fcntcncc. Examp. '' Can
^* any good come out of Nazoftib f'** Here the eniphatical
«vord is Nazare/h ; therefore the word Nazanth is to be
.pronounced in a higher note than any other part of the
ientence. But in pronouncing the following, '< By what cu-
** ibority dod thou thefe things ; and lAibo gave thee tliis
** authority?" the emphatical words are authority andic^'^.-
becaufe what the Jews a(ked our Saviour was, by w5at
^•wiTt or muthority, he did his wonderful works ; ami 7jcr.u
hit came by that power. And in all quellions, the cmphaGs
saaft, according to the intention of the fpc-aker, be put upon
chat word, wliich fignifies the point, about which he enquires.
£xamp. " is it true, that yoo have fcen a noble lord from
** court to-day, who has told you bad news?'' If the en-
quirer wants only to know, whether myftlf, or fome other
perfoo, has feen the funpofol great man ; he will put the
emphaiu uponjrMf. If he knows, that I have feen fome-
body from court, and only wants to know, whether I have
iben a great man, who may be fuppofed to kno^v, what inje-
rior peribns about the court do not, he v/ill put the emphaiis
upon uohlt hrd. If he wants to know, only whether the
great man came diredly from court, fo that his iiitelligcnce
may be depended upon, he will put the emphafis upon court.
If he wants only to know, whether I. have feen him to-day ^
or ytftirday^ he will put the emphaQs upon to-day. If he
Am^wt, that I have ieen a ?reat man from court, to-day, and
onlv 'wants to know, whether he has told me any xrMV, he
wm put the emphafis upon ntuus. If he knows all the reft,

' and

4€

{ lo )

and wants only to know, whedierdie newi, I keard, was
^n/• he will put tke emphafis upon the word Jto/.

The matter contained in zparentbtjist or between mimui
inftead of a parenthefis, which audiors and editors often iife»
and between Brackets, [] is to be ptonoonced with a bwir
Toice> and fuieker than the reft, and with a ttMtXftof at die
beginning and end ; that the hearer may perceive where the
llrain of the difeoorie hnaks off, and where it is rtfiumd ;
as, «* When, therefore, the Lord knew, that die Phaiifees

had heard, that Jefus made, and b^^dzed mm-t difcipies

than J ^9 (though Jefus bimJeifdaA not bapdze, but his
^ JifcipUs) he departed from Jadea» and returned to
«• Gamcc*.''

A youth ihould not only be accuftomed to read to the
mailer, while the general bofinefs of the fchool is goine
on, (b that none, but the mafter, ^d thofe of his own clafs
can hear him ; but likewife to read, or fbeak, by bimjelf,
while all the re^ hear. This will give him cmtrage^ and
accuil(»n him to pronounce diftinBlyy fo that every fyllable
ihaU be heard (though not every f)dlaUe alike /W, and
with the j(ame tmfhafis) through the whole room. For it is
one part of the judgment of a public (beaker, xoaccwnnddau
his 'Wtice to the place he fpeaks in, m fiich a manner as to
/7/it, and, at the fame time not vofiun^t hearers. It is mat*
ter of no fmall difHculty to bring yottng readers to fpeak
fitnjo enough. There is litde danger of their fpeaking t99
jJcTM. Though that is a fau!t, as well as die contrary.
For the hearers cannot but be difgnfted and tired widi
Mening much longer than is neceflary, and lonng predoas
lime. .

In ei'ery fentence, there is fome word, perhaps feverai,
v/hich are to be pronounced, with %firmger accent, or em-
phaiis, than the others. Time was, when the emphadcal
word, or words, in every fentence, were printed in Italics.
And a great advantage it was toward underfianding xhs/htfc
of the author, cfpecially, where there was a thread of reafin^
irg cnrried on. But we are now grown fo nice, that we
have found, the intermixture of two characters defrrms die
pa^e, and ^ves it a fpeckled appearance. As if it were not
of infinitely more confequence to make fore o£ edi/yipg the
reader than f^i pkajtng his eye. Bat to return to empbafis,
rhrrc is nothing more pedandc than too much laid upon
irifiug matter. Men of learning, eipedany phyficians, and
di\:ncs, are apt to get into a fulfcMne, bombaftic way of

ufterin|^

^'** • John IT. I, %, 3,

Bttrring diemMtrcs on all occaiions, it if they were di^ating^
«jicn perhaps the iMifiacfs is of no greater coniequence thai

What's a dodc ? or how's the wind?
Whofe coach is dut we've left bdiind f

Swift.

Nor can any error be nsore ridlcalous, than fome that havf
beemoccafioncd by an emphafis plac^ *f*'rmig. Such was
chatofaclergyiDAn'scitratet w&» having occa&m to read
in tfaechiirchoiir Saviottr's (ayiw to the dilciples, Lokexxiv.
25. '' O /9$lt9 uAjlonv if k§mrf!^ [that is, iacAwarJ}
'* to believe all that the prophets have written concerning
*' me V* traced ^ empl^ifis npon the word beliivii gs if
Chrift had calle4 thtm ftols for Uu^hi^. Upon the rec-
tor's finding fiuk:! when he read it next» he (rfaced the
emphafis ajwn ##; .as if it had been fooliih in the difei^
pies to bdieyc ^iOL Tbe redor again blaming thb manner
of p4aong the tmnhifiia the good cnratt accented the word
fnpbtts. As ifmtfrgfJ^ts had been peHbns in af rfffi£f
worthy of iiii^*

A total wane of imrijf in expreffing pathitic language is
equally blameable. Ihave often been amazed how public
AMakers^covU bring out the ftrong 2;>d patJbitictxpTcSSoni,
taty have occafion to otter, in fo cdd^^un-anmaifds, man-
ner. I happened latdy t0 bear the tenth chapter of Jo(hua
read in a chorck in the country. It contains the hitory
of the miracnloos coMoeft of die five kings> who arofe
againft the people of Ilrael. The clergyman bears a vi^
good chara<ier in the neighbourhood. I was therefore
grieved to hear him read ioftriking a piece of lcnptnre-hi&
lory in a manner io um-animattdt Uiat it was^t to lull the
whole paxilh to JUip. Particularly I ihail n6vcr forget hit
manner of expreffing the twenty-fecond verfe, wluch is the
Jewiih general's order to bring out the ca^ve kings to
Jfmuriter. ** Open the mouth of the cave, aid bring out
^ tLofe tpfe kings to me out of the cave;" which he utieicd
in the very maoner, he would have exprefled himlelf, if he
JumI laid to his boy* ^* Open my chaniber door, and bring
M me my flippers firom under the bed."

CicBHO * very judicioofly direfls, that a pubfic ^leaker
fpmtf ft^m time to time, fomewh^t of the ^othtmewi of hb

a Pt OtAf , t. in. p. 144. 'Rrn, I, ^ Hateil tsam Ifls \&

\

( «2 )

iffion, and not otter erery paffiige with all tbeftrcebe earn ;
tofetofF, the more ftroo^y, the mmretmfkm hc m l fmru ; at
the painters, by means offhades properly jpbced, make the
figures (land off bolder. For if the fpcuter has otaered a
lueaker faffage with tfi/die Avixy he is M^^fer •/, whtt b he
to do, when he comes to the wuft pathetic parts?

The eaftf with which a fpeaker goes throogh a long dif-
couri'e, and Y^fuccefs with his audience^ depend much opoil
Ykifetting oiumz proper key*, and at a doe pitch ofiad^
ne/s. If he begins in too high a tone» or fets oot too inut,
how b he afterwards to rife to a higher mttip or hidl hb
voice loiufer, as the more pathetic ftraons may reqotre } The
ifmnand of the voice, dictefore, in thb rcipefi^ b to be
fludied very early.

The force or pathos ^ fiath wluch a fpeech is to be deli-
vered, is to increafty as the fpeech goes on. The fpeaker is
to grow warm by degrees ^ as the charioi<»wheel by its conti-
nued motion f ; not to ^^is ma pathetic ftrain; becanlethe
audience are not prepared to go along ^wAl, him.

FedJtzsA provincial accents are to be guarded againf(> or
correded. The nunner of p toiio u ncin | ;, which b i^nal
among people of education^ who are natives of the autro-
polis, is, in every coantry, i^itjlaadard. For, what Ho-
race {fays, of the choice of words^ viz. that the people ^ by
atm praaice, eflabli^.i whatb right, b equally true of u4
frontfnciation of them.

Nature has given to every emotion of the mind its proper
outward expremon, in fuch manner, that what fuits one, can-
not* by any means, be accommodated to another. Children
At three years of age exprefs xhevt grief m a tone of vdkc,
and with an a^on totally different, from that which diey
ufe to exprefs theb anger ; and they utter their yo^' in a man-
ner different from both. Nor do they ever, by miftake, ap-
ply one in place of another m From hence, that is, from na»
turet is to be deduced the whole art of fpeaking properly.
What we mean does not fo much depend upon the nvords we
fjpeakj as oif our manner of fpeaking them ; and accordingly,

* The word kef (taken from mufic) meantthat ootCy in the fait, which
is the loweft of tbuiexhut are ufed in a particular piece* and to which the
others refer j and has nothing to do with loadnefs, or ibirncfi. For •
^-icce of niufic may be fung or played ioudcr or fofter, whaccterits k«^ is.

f •< Quid infuavius, itc. What is mott oflTenfive to the ear than rora
^ pleader to open his caule in a boiflerovi manner.'* AvcT^ ad Ht-
liiN.L. III. N. Xlt.

4.** Qiien} peacfi arbirr.v^m eft| ^t jus et norma loquendi.''

o //or. Art. PoiT.

•■ V. io

( »3 )

in Eft, the greateft atteimon is paid to tkh, as exprrffivt of
what our ii«r/r often give if 9 indkaiion of. Thiu nature fxa
die oavmixAixprtffiM of erery intention or fendmenc of 'die
mind. Art only sidds pracefidnefs to what nature leads to*
As nature has dgtermintit that man fhall walk on his/eety not.
Ins hands : Art teaches him to ivM gracefully.

Every fart of the human frame contributes to expceG the
paffions and emobons of the jrmW, and to ihew> in general^
Its piefent ftate. The bead is fometlmes ere^ed^ fomedmea
hui^ donvm, fometimes drawn fuddenly back with an air of
df/ibin, Ibmetimes (hews by a nod, a particular perfon, of
€nje^i pvt$ afint, or denial, by different motions; threatens
byaneiortofmovement* tf/Z/wf / by another, andexpreffes
/mffectmhyz, tlurd.

The anas are ibmetimes bath thrown out, fometimes the
rr^ alone. Sometimes they are li/ied up as lugh as the
hcZf to exprefs nuouder, ibmetimes held out oefore the breail»
to vuBwfiar ; fyread ibrth with the hands open» to exprefs
Jefin or affeQion ; the hands clapped m/urprixe, and in fud-
^fstk joy icpA grief \ bright hand clenched \ and tho arms
broJuHJM, to tlrtatim I the t<w0 arms feta'i^imhe,to\ook6ig^
and expreis cwtesapt or courage. With the hands, as Quiu-
tilian^fays, virt filicie, wc refufi, we promije, we threaten 9
we difim/s, wc invite, we intreat, we expreis averJioA, fear^
douhting, denial^ rfting, affirmation, negation, joy, grief, con*
feffion^ ftmitence. With the hands we defcribe, and point out
all cizcumfUnces of time, place, and manner of what we
relate ; we txcite the paflions of others, and y3o//'r them ; we
apfr$vi and di/apprttve, permit, or prohibit, admire, otdefpife.
The hands ferve us inflead of many forts oiivords, and where
the language of the tongue b unknown, that of the hands is
underftood, being univer/al, and common to all nations.

The legs advance^ or retreat, to exprefs defire, or aver/ion,
Uve, or hatred, courage, or fear, and produce exultation, or
leaping in fudden joy ; and xhtftamping of the foot expreifes
earmfinefs, anger, axui threatening.

Bfpecndly die/orr, being furnilhed with a variety of muf-
cles, does more in expreffing the paffions of the mind than
the vfboli human frame belides. The change of colour (in
white people) fhcws by turns, anger by rednefs, and fome-
times by palenefs, fear likewife by pafemft, and /home by
blufifing. Eveiy feature contributes its part. The mouthy
open, ihews 9ne itate of the mind, Jhut, amtber ; the guajhing
oi^t teeth another. Thic forehead fmooth, wadeyebrovjs arched

* Init.Oiat. p. 455. " ArtAOo h!i pefctmos** arc

and

< «4 )

tti4 imfyi (hew troMfmUity^ orjojf. Mirth «//»i the oioutii Cd«
wud the ears» crij^s the noft^ half-Jbuu die gyes, and Tome*
lU&ei fills them with uars. The front wrinkled mto/rownr,
and the e^ehrows over-haneinj^ the i^es^ like clouds, fraught
with teinpeiib> fhcw a mind agitated with/«rpp. . Above alL
Ae e^ (hews the vexy/pirit in a ^vj/ffii// form. In ever/ 4£
ferent ftate of the mind, it a£umes a diierent appearance.
y^y brightens and opens it. Grief ludf-clofist and drowns tC in
/tttr/. Hatred and ^uar^irr, yf^ firom it like lightning, hottgt
darts from it in dances ^ Uke the orient beam. Jemot^y and

Suinting ^/ri^, cuLTt their contagious blafts fix)m the m. And
v0/}0ir r^i it to the fkies, as if the fitd of the holy maa^
were going to take its flight to heaven.

The ancients * ufed fome geftnres which are unknowtttD
OS, as^ to exjprefs grief, and other violent emodons o£ die
mind, they uled to llnke thiArhms widi the faku of their
hands.

The force of attitude and^oi/, alone appears ma wond^-
Ottfly ilriking manner, in the works of vxt painttr ZDiiJta*
tuary ; who have the delicate art of making the flat canva«
and rocky marble utter everv paJSon of the human mind»
and touch rikcjoul of the fpe^tor, as if the nid^ure^ (ir Az-^
tue, JPoJie the pathedc language of Shakeipear. It is bo
wonder, then, that maflerly a&ion joined with powerfid el$^
cution (hould be irrefiilible. And the 'variety of expreffion by
looAs and ge^ures, is fo £reat, that, as is well known^ a whole
play can he reprefented <u;2/i&0i^ a ivord^ken*

The following are, I believe, the principal p^ffons^ bu*
moursf Jentiments, and intentions, whidi are to be eimreffed
by JPeecb and a^ion. And I hope it will be allowed by the
reader, that it is nearly in the foUowing manner, that aMtnn
exprefies them.

Tranquillity, or apathy, appears by the compofure of the
countenance, and general repoji of the hody and Umhs, witb*
' out the exertion of any one mujcle^ The coantonance open ;
ibe forehead Jmooff? ; the eyebrows arched i the mouth juS not
fifut I and the eyes pafling with an eafy mouon from objedt
to obje^, but not dwelling long upon any one.

Cheerfulnefs, adds a fniile, opening the mouth a little more.

Mirth, or laughter, opens the mouth fHil more towards die
ears ; crifps the nofi ; Uffins the aperture of the eyes, and
fometimes fills them widi tears ; makes and con*vuIfes the
Vf)^Q\e frame ', giving confidend)le paii^ which occadons
holding xh& fides.

* AvcT.iioHaaair«tflU.^.XV.^irriiri/jtftT.OaibT,p.457.

RailUrj,

( »J

tmOiry^ fn ftoitt without real mnimifiiy^ pots on the
^$a ^ cbitrfJmtlk ^ The tone o£*v$ue vifprigMy. Witll
tmiumfty or d^^mft, it aUb a look afymint^ mm time «»
time> at die obje^; and quits the chttrfid afbed for ontf
WM^ between an aficdedrr/M and ^itn^ 'tht upper Uf
isi^vw»«/with anair ofdiidain. The ivrai/ are (et 4-iiM»
on the hip« ; and the right handusw and then thrth-wn omt to-
ward titt object as if one were going to ftrike another a flight
back-hand Mow. The pitch of the voice is rather loudy thft
aoae .efv^ toAJiumng ; the fentences ihort ; the expreffiona
fatyrical* with mock-praife intermixed. There are mftances
of ruilery in fci^ture itfelf» as i Kings xviii. and Ifa. xliv.
And the excdknt TiUotibn has not fcrupled to indulge a
firain of that ibrt now and then^ efpecially in expofin^ the
aiockfidemmtietof thatmoftlodicroiis (as well as odious)
of aU rdigiooff popery. Nor ihould I think raillery «|*
worthy die attentioa of the lawyer; as it may orrajionally
COBie IB, not UMiiefiilly» in his pleadings, as well as any
other ftroke of ornament, or entertainment*.

BugkmryttSaam^Ui arch» fly, leering gravity. Muft not
f jKfir vc^Jkrimu aipcA* though all fliould laugh to burft ribs of
Aeel* This ccMnaand of nice is fomewhat difficult ; though
not fi> hard, I fliould think, as to reflrain the contrary fymp-
pathy^ I meatt of weeping with thofe who wera.

Jpft u^ben fiidden and violent, expreflfes itielf by rJ^^/ii^
^Imndtp' and exultation, or leaping. The m/ are •ptmi
wide ; jperhapa filled with ttwrs ; often railed to htaviUp
tfycoMMj by devout peribns. The countenance is finiling^
aoccompofiBdly^ but with features aggra'vated. The voice
riiet, fion time to time, to very high no*tes.

Ddight^ ot jdeafure, as when one is entertained, oria*
viihed with mufic, painting, oratory, or any foch elegancy,
ihews itfidf by the mp^j, geftuns, and uttinutce of jty \ but

moderated*

Grmviiyt ot ferionfiiefs, the mind fixed upon fome im-
|M>fftant fttfaje^ Jramfs donjon thce^ihrcnvs a little ; cafls dunmi^
or fimtsm or rt^fts the §yts to heaven ; Jbuts the mouthy and
fimhu the Ups doie. The pofturc of the body and limbs is
€9iHp%fidt ana without much motion. The Jpiech, if any,
Jlow wsvijelmn i the tone umvarying.

Enquiry t into an oUcnre fubjedl, fixes the body iu one
poflure, the hiod Jtmping^ and the eye poring^ the eytbrows
Jrmundemm*

ridkalan ten

f octiM et mdiBt maaaM pknimqve fecac res« Hoa •

Attention^

( i6 >

Jttehttim, to an cfteemed, or fuperior chtrader, has
iatne afpefl ; and requires ///r;rr<' ; the ef es often caft Jowm
upon che ground ; fomeumes/^^^ on the /ace of the fpeaker ;
bat not too ferth>

Mvdefty^ or fubmifli^n, bends the body forwards ; &W/
Ae tyti to the bread, if not to the feet, of the fuperior cha-
»a£^er. The '■jtitct hiv ; the tone fuhmijfi'vt ; and fujords fin»^

Pe}-plexifyy or anxiety, which is always attended with iomo
degree of fear and uneafinefs, draivs ail the parts of the ^ti^
toget her \ gathers up the arms upon thebrcafl, unlefs onehand^
ee^ers the w/, or rubs the forehead ; dranvs down the eye^
Sraws; hangs the head upon the breail; cafis dorwn the eyes^
ihuts and pinches the ^mVx clofe ; Jhuts the m9ii/j&, and
fhtcbes the //^/ clofe, or hites them. Suddenly die whole
My is vehemently agitated. The perfon 11;^/^/ about ^^/f ;
^ps abruptly. Then he talks to hunfelf, or makes grimaia^
Ixie fpeaks to another, his faufes are 'very long ;' the tone of
his vmV^ un^varyitur; and hhjentences broken ; exprefing hdlf,
and keeping in half of what anfes in his mind.

FexatiM^ occafioned by fome real or imaginary nusfbr-
tune, agitates the luhole frame, and, beiides expreffing itfclf
with the looks, gefturet, rejtleffhe/s, and tone of perplexity, it
adds complaint, fretting, and lamenting.

Pity, a mixed paflion of love and grief, lobks down Qpmi
diflrefs with lifted hands; eyehrotvs dranjim down; mouth open,
and features drawn together. Its expreffion» as to looks,
and gcftnre, is the fame with tho(c oxfuffering, (fee Suffer^
iiigfj but more moderate, as the painful feelings are only
fympathetic, and therefore one nmonje as it were, more dif
tant from x^tftful, than what one feels in his ennn peHbn.

Grief, fudden, and moknt, exprcfles itfdf by beating the
bead', groi'eling on the ground; tearing of garments, hair,
and flejh ; /creaming aloud, sweeping, ftamping with x!t»feet,
lifting the eyes, from time to time to heaven ; hurrying to
and fro, running diftraSled, or fainting away, fometimes
tvithout recovery. Sometimes violent grief produces a tw:-
pid fuUen lilence, refemblin^ total apathy ••

Melancholy, or fixed grief, is gloomy ^ fedentary, motionle/s.
The \ovftv jaw /alls ; the lips pale, the eyes are caft down,
hal/Jhut, eyelids fwelled and red, or liWd, tears trickling
filent, and unwiped ; with a total inattention to every thing
that paiTes. Words, if any, /ew, and thofe dragged out,
rather than fpoken ; the accents iveakf and interrupted, Jifkt
breaking inco the middle of fentences and words.

* Cune levet loquuaturj iogentai Anpent. iSamt. Hip?.

De/pmt.

( I? )

D^uuff as in a condemned criminal, or one who has

loA a& hope of ialvation, beiuli the eyebrows doivnward ;

riWf Htntforibead ; rolL the eyes around frightfally ; opens the

mouib toward the ears ; hites the lips ; <widtms the ntftrils ;

gmajbts with the /^/^j like a fierce wild beafb. The i&^^irr is

coo much Umrdinid to Aififer tears to flow ; yet the eyeballs will

be rft/ and im0amid» like thofe of an animal in a tabid ftate.

The bead is /uri^ down upon the bread. The arms are bended

at the elbows ; i^fifis clenched hard ; the 'veins and mnfcUs

fu-elUdi ^tjkin U%fid; and the whole body ftrained and

violently agitated; groans 9 expreffive of inward torture,

more frequently uttered than 'u.ords. If any words, they

zitfewi and eunrefled with ^/uUcn, ea^ bittcrnc/s ; the tone

of voice often Und and furious. As it often drives people

to diftraftioRy and fctfomurder, it can hardly be over-adled

by one who would reprefent it.

Fear^ viokfit and (udden» opens ^Try ^^idc the eyes and
monih ; (h«rtens the ao£e ; draws donvn the eyebrows ; gLve:»
the counienfisue an ^ of *wildnejs ; covers it with deadiv pale-
me/s \ draws hack the Mows parallel with the (ides ; fi/ts up
the open hands, the fingers together, to the height of the
brcaila (o that the palms £ice the dreadful obje^> as fhields
oppo^ againft it. One /hot is drawn back behind the other*
fo thj^ theiit^ hems Jbrinking from the danger> and put*
ting i^eif in a poAiife forJUght. The heart beats violently ;
the hrieuh is fetched fuick sjkdjhort ; the whole body is thrown
in^ a genefal iramr. The a;0/<:/ is <u;rtf/f and trembling ; the
fititences are ^r/9 and the meaning cenfufed and incoherent.
^mminoit danger, r^ or fancied, produces, in timorous
perfons, as women and children, violent ^r/>i(/, without any
artiiulaie (bund of words; and fometimes irrecoverably con-
fuundi ;he nrnderfianding ; prodttcetyQv«//;T|-, which is ibme-
times followed by death.

SJfs^fmi^ ^r a ien^ of onc^s appearing to a dtfadnjontage^
^fiir? ope's fellow-creatures, turns a'way Utitface from the
l^cl^l4fVS S coven it with blujhes ; hangs the head'y cads
^ilWcji the {|w/, draws d«wn the eyebrows ; either ftrikes the
peribn 4^kM(> or, if hn attempts to fay any thing in his own
4efe|ice, caofes his tastgui xafmuUer, and confounds his niter^
4UU4 9 and puts him upon making a thouland geftures and
grimaces i to keep himfelf in countenance \ all which only
h(Bi^ten the cox\fufion of his appearance.

^OMorfit or a painful ^ir/^ of guilt, cads down the ceun»
t(maM(§i and clopds it with anxiety ; hangs i^l9<u;jir the head ;
draws the eyebrows down upon the eyes. The right hand
be^ tbt ^/^* The teeth gna/h with anguiih. The whole

C hodj

■ ( I» )

body \&fira\rud and violently agitated. If ^liftrong remtrrlr
is fucceeded by the more gracious difpoiiuon of penitenct^ or
contrition ; then the eyes arc rai/ed (but with great appearance
of doubting 2n6./earJ to the throne of heavenly mercy ; and
immediately caft dp-ion again to the earth. Then floods of
tears are feen to flow. The knees are hinded ; or the body
profirated on the erpund. The arms are fpread in a fup-
pliant poflure, and the voice of deprecation is ottered witb
Jsghsj groans^ timidity^ hefaationt and trembling*^

Courage, fleady and cpoU. opens the c^uutenmuef gives the^
whole form an ere^ and graceful air. The accents zs^ftrong^
JulUmoufhed and articulate^ the voictjirm and even,

Boajling, or afledled courage, is loud, bluflering, tbnaUn^
ing. The eyes ft are ; the eyebrows drawn down ; the face-:
is r^y and bloated \ the won/i^ ^ji// out; the *unce billour
and thundering ; the arms are (et a-kimbo ; the head ofteir
nodding in a menacing manner ; and the right ^^ clenched,
is brandijhed, from tune to time, at the perfon threatened'.
The right foot is often ftamped upon tke ground^ and the
A|^/ take fuch large Jtrides, and the fteps am ib heavy, that'
the earth feems to tremble under them.

Pride aflvimes a lofty look> bordering upon die afpeft'
and attitude of anger. The eyes open^ but with the eyebrows
confidcrably drawn down ; the mouth pouting OBt ; moitiy
Jhiity and' the lips pinched clofe. . The ^wprds- walk out
a-llruty with TLjlow^ftiffrbombaftic affedation of importance.
'1 he mv/i; generally a-kimbo y. and the Argrx at a diftanct from^
one another, takJing large tragedy -ftrides*-

Obftinacy adds to the afpe£i of pride, a doggodfourneftp
like that of malice, 5ee Malice. . .

Authority opens the countemmcCf but draws ^/mvh the w-
/>roxv/ a lltde, fo far as to give the look of gravity, oee
Gra^'ity. ' . '

Commofidi^g requires an air a little moirc peremptory t with
a' look a little yriv/*^ Qi ftim. Th/t hand is Af« #If^ «ndf
moved totvard^ the pcrlbnto whom the order is given> ^th*
the palm upivards, and the head nods toward him-

Forbidding^ on the contrary, dcawfr the headback^ward, and?
pufhes the band from one with the palmf doiunward, as if
jroing t J lay it upon the perfon, to hold him» down, im-
jfiov tabic, that he may not do what is forbidden him.

Ajfirmi»igt efpccially with a judicial oath, is cxpreflTcd by
lifting tlic open right hand, and eyes toward heaven ; or,
if cotifdcna is appealed to, by laying the right A««/upon

the brt.ift.

Denying

5

( i9 )

Denying is expreflcd by fujhing the open right hand/Hm
one ; and turning x^tface the contrary way. ^ctA*verJitm.

Differing in ientiment may be expreifed as rcfuiing. Sc^
Rifufing. ^ ^

Agrtcing in opimon> or convi£Hon> as granting. See
Granting^

Exhort ingi as by a general at the head of his army, re-
quires a kind J comflacent look ; unlefs matter of offence hai
pafled, as negle^ df duty, or the like.

Judging dtmasidt a gra^e,fteadj look, with deep attention \
the countenance altogether clear from iiily appearance of
either difguft or/Jw/oar. The accents flonv, dijiincl, empkeui-
cal, accompanied with Uttie oQion^ and that ^ery gra*ve*

Repro*ving puts on a ftem afpedt, fonghens the voice, and
b accompanied with geftures not much different from thofe
of threateningy but not fo lively.

Acquitting is performed with a benevolent ^ tranquil coun-
tenance, and tone of voice ; the right hand, if not both, open^
Hvaved gendy toward the f^rfon acquitted^ exprefling di/i
miffion. See Di/mijfingi

Condemning affumes a Jhuere look, but mixed With fity»
Tht /entence is to be exfrejjed as with rclu^ance.

Teachings explaining, inculcating, or giving orders to an
inferior, requires an air of /uperiority to be aJTumed. The
features are to be oompofed to an authoritative gravity. The
eyefteady and open, the eyehrvw a little drawn do*wn over it ;
but not fo much as to IcxM^/urly or dogmatical. The tone of
voice varying according as the empbafes requires, of which
a good deal is neceflary iu expreffing miltter of this fore.
The pitch of the voice to htftrtng and clear ; the articulation
diftinS", the utterance Jlovj, and the manner peremptory. This
is the proper manner of pronouncing the commandments in
the communion office. But (I am forry to fay it) they are
too commonly fpoken in the fiune manner as the prayers,
than which nothing can be mo^ unnatural.

Pardoning differs from acjnitfingj in that the latter means
clearing a perfbn after trial of gwilt ; whereas the former
fuppofSs guilt, and iignifies merely delivering the guilty
perum from pumjhmint, • Pardoning requires fome degree of
Jeverity of e^/peff and tone of voice, becaufe the pardoned per-
fon is not an objeA of entire unmixed approbation ; otherwife
its expreffion is much the (ame zs granting. See Granting.

Arguing reqmres a tool, fedate, attentive afpe£t, and a clear,
Jlenv, emphatieal accent, with much demonjhration by the handi
It differs from teaching (fee Teaching) in that the look of
amthoritj^ ii liQt Wanting in arguing^

C 2 DifinHpng,

( 20 )

Di/miJijigM with approbation^ is done with a kind a/peSi anil
tontof\(ncc; the right banJ optn^ gently ivtwed toward
the perfon : with dijpleajurc^ bcildcs the look aiid tone of
voice which fuit difpltfafure, the hand is haftily thrown out
toward the perfou duhiiflcd, the back part toward him, the
ccitntenance at the feme time turned a^ivay from him.

Refujiuir, when accompanied with dijplcafnrt^ is exprc/Ted
iicarlv in thcy^wr way. Without difpleafure, it is done with
A xifible rcluclanccy which occafions the bringing out the
words y/^f/r, with fuch ^paJu of the hcad^ ^xAjhrug of the
JhouUerst as is natural upon hearing of fomewhat, which
gives us concern.

Granting, when done with unrtfer^ed good-will, b accom-
panied with a beM€*volent ajpeSi, and torn of voice ; the right
band prefid to the left hreaji^ to fignify how beartily the far-
vour 15 granted, and the bcnefador'sy^^ in conferring it.
Deptiuience, Sec Modejly.

rcneratiout or worfhipping, comprehends feveral articles^
^ a/cripti^u^ confeffion, rem^j'e^ iatirceffion, thankjgi'vingt de*
precation^ petition, &c. Ajcription of honour and praife to the
peerlefs and fuprcme Majelly of heaven, and confeffion, and
deprecation, are lo be uttered with all that humility of looks and
gefiure,vt\^k}i can exhibit the mofl pTofoundJelf-aba/ement and
annihilaiion, before One,, whoie/upariority is infinite. The
head is a little rai/ed, but with the moll apparent timidity, and
dread', tiie eye is lifted', but immediately caft j/oocg again, or
clofed for a moment ; the eyebrotos are drawn ^^-wxr in tne moil
refpedlful manner ;. the features, and the whole body and
/im^/, arc all compofed to the moft profound gravity ; one
poflurc continuing, without confiderable change, during the
whole performance of the duty. The knees bended, or the
whole bedf proftrate, or if the poliure be ftanding, which
fcripture * docs not difallow, bciidingycroL-Ar^, as ready to
prollratc iticlf. The armsfpreesd out, but modefily, as high
as the breaft ; the hands opetu The tome of tlie 'uoice will be
fuhmiffive, timid, equtd^ UjienMing, oc^/ii, fupplianf. The
*words will be brought out with a vifible anxiety and diffidence,
approaching to befttation ; fe^, and fhw ; nothing of vain
repetition f , harasiguing, flowers of rhetoric, or T^t&ed figure*
oi'fpeecb ; sUXfimplicity, humility, and lowlinefs, fuch a^ be-
comes a r^/«i( of the duft, when prefuming to addrefb Hiiii>
whofe greatnefs is tremendous beyond all created conception.
In interceffion for our fellow-creatures, which isprefcribed in
the fcxiptures {» su^ ux thattkfgiwtg, the countenance will

* Mark li. 15. f Mat. vi. 7. ^ Mat. v. 44. Luke vi. aS.

natural! V

( 21 )

Hfttnraily aflume 9,/mnU degree of cherfulnefs beyond wliar
it was clothed with in cvnfcjji'in of fi'i, and deprecation of
punilhment. But all afFeded ornament of fpeecht or gefture
in devotion, dcfcrves the fcvcreft ccnfure, as being fomc-
what much worfc than abfurd.

Refpe£t for a fuptrior puts on the looks and gefture of
mcdefiy. Sec Modrfly.

Hope brightens the countenance ; arches the eyelnroivs ; gives
the eyes an £agtr^ nvijhful look ; opens the mouth to half a
tmile i hends the hedy a \\v}Qjorwardf thcfiet equal ; fpreads
the arms, with the hands open, as to receive the o/^>4f of its
lonjnngs. The tone of the "joice is f«j^^, and unevenly
incuning to that of joy ; but curbed by a degree of douht and
anxiety, Dtfin diircn firom hope, as to expreflion, in this
particular, that there is more appearance of douht and
anxiety in ^t former^ than the latter. For it is one thing to
Jejsre what is agreeable, and another to have a profpeS of
a^hialty thtasning it.

D^rt expreifes itfelf by bending the b^dy forward, and
Jhttcbing the arms toward the objeifl, as to grafp it. The
£o^esuuiceJhaling, \mi eager and nmjbfuli the eyes wide open^
and eyebrtnvs ratfid ; the mouth open ; the /»«/ of voice
/teppUasett biR lintely and cheerful, unlefs there be diflrefs
as well as defire ; the txprejfions fluent and copious ; if Ml
words are vSt^^fighs inftead of them ; but tlus is chiefly in
diftrefs.

Love, (fuccefsful) lights up the countenanee into fnules.
The feriiead is fmoothed^ and enlarged ; the eyebro^vs are
arched ; the mouth a Uttle opeuy and fmiling ; die r;^/ /ei/r*
.gm/bing, and half-Jhutt dote upon the beldved «^f^. Tlie
countenance afliimes the eager and nvijhful look of i^r^ (fee
/)^f above) but mixed with an air oi fatisfaBion and rf-
/^<r. -The accents are ^/^» and luinning ; the rmv of voice
fiffuafi^e, flattering, patheticy a?atious, muficed, rapturous, as
inyof. (SeeTe)'.) * ^ attitude much the famd with that of
^^rr. Sometimes both bands preffed eageriy to the bo/om^^
Love, unfuccefsfnl, adds ah air or anxiety, and melancholy.
See Perplexity, and Melancholy^

Giving, iuvitingy Jhlicitiw, and fuch like aSions, which
fiippofe Tome degree of amEkion, real, or pretended, are
accompanied with nrach the fame looks and geihues as ex*
ftcti love ; but more moderate.

J9^Md&, or amazement, (wt^ut any other interring

pdflkm, As hve, t/hem, kc.) opelu the tpes, and makes theih.

ai^peai^ texy prominem ; ibmetimos r^fts them to the flier ;

'Mt tdtetUr, atad more expreffively, fixes them on the obteA,

Cj if

( 2* )

if the caafe of the pafSon be a prefeut and *viJihU obje£l, mtl^
^e look, all cxqcpt the wildnefs, oi fear. (See Fear,) If
tUc hands hold any thing, at the time when the objc£l of
wonder appears, they immediately let it drop^ unconfcious ;
and the whole body fixes in the contraded, ftooping pofture of
a^aximent \ the mouth open \ the hands held up oten, nearly
in the attitude O^fear, (Sec fear.) The frfi accefs of ihi^
vsiS^on flops all uturasfcf. But it makes amends afterwards
py a copious j^int; ofiuords and exclamations*

Admiration^ a mixed paffiony conAiling of tvondert with
Irue or e^eem^ takes away ^t familiar gellure, atld expref-
fion of hmple lo'ue. (See Love,) Keeps the refpe8ful look^
and attitude. (See Modefty and Feneration.) The eyes are
0/M«^ wide, and \ioyf an^ then riz^i/ toward heaven. The
mouth is opened. The ;&<i»i// are /^r</ up. The tone of the
voice rapturou}. This paflton exprefTes itfclf copioujly^
ipaking great ufe of the figure hyperbole.

Gratitude puts on anafpeift full of complacency. (See Love,)
If the objed of it is a chara6ler greatly fuperior, it cxprefTes
aiuch fubn^JJion. (See Modefty^ The right batid prcflcd
upon the bi-^aft^ accpn^panies, veiy properly, the expreflion
of difncere aftd hearty lenfibility of obligation.

Curiofityt as of a bufy-body, opens the eyes and mouthy
leugtbcHS the ^i^ri, ^/W/ the ^o^ forward, 2xA fixes it in o»f
polture, witli the bands nearly in that of admiration. See
Admiration. See alfo Defire, Attention, Hope, Enquiry, and
t^irplexity.

Ferfuafion putson the looks of moderate love, {^tzLove^
Its accents zx^foftyfiatteriug^ emphaticcd, and articulate,

Tempting, or 'whefdling, expre^Ies itfelf much in the iamp
way ; only carrying xhc fawning part to excefi.

Fromifing is exprefTed with benevolent Ipp^s* the nod of
confent> ^d the open hands gently moved towards the perfon
to whom the promile is made ; the palms ufiwards. The
fincerity of the promifer may be expreJQfed by laying the
right hand gently on the hreaft.

AJe£latiott difplays itfelf in a thouiand different geftjures,
motions, airs, and looks, according to the charaBer which
the perfon a^cds. AifecUtion pt learning giycs a tiifffor'
polity to t)ie whole perfon. The <woris come fbdking.out
with f^tpace of 2l funeral procejffjon ; and every fentence has
. r^it folemnity of an oracle. Alfedation of piety turns up the
goggling whites of the eyes to heaven, as if the perfon were
m a trance, and fixes them in that poAore fo long that the
brain of the beholder grows giddy. Then comes up, deep-
gr^blingj a holygrean from the lower parts of the thorax;

• ' • ' biK

t »5 )

t)ut fo tremendous in (band, and fo long protrafled, that
yoa expcft to fee a goblin rife, like an exhalation, through
the folid earth* Then he begins to rock from fide to fide,
or backward and forward, like an aged pine on the fide of
a hill, when a briflc wind blows. The hands are clafped to-
gether, and often lifted, and the head often (haken with
loolifh vehemence. Tne tone of tne voice is canting, or
fing-fong lullaby, not much dillant from an Iriih howl ; and
the words godly doggrel. Affjiflation of ^r^ ://>•, and kiiiing,
puts a fine woman by turns into all forts of forms, appearances,
and attitudes, but amiable ones. She uncioes, by art, or ra-
ther by awkwardnefe ffor u ue art conceals itfelf) all tliat na-
ture had done fi^r her. Nature formed her almoll an angel, and
flie, with infimte pains, makes hcrfelf a monkey. Therefore
this fpecies of aneflation is eafily imitated, or taken off.
Make as many, and as ugly grimaces, motions, and geflures,
as can be made ; and take care that nature never pcjp out ;
and vou rcprefent coquettifh affeclation to the life.

^loth appears hy yaivning, dofing, fftoring, the bead dang'
ling fometimes lo one fide, foraetimes to the other, the arms
and legs ftretcbed oat, and c\^xy fuieiu of tlie body unjlrun^
the eyes "heaiy, Qt'elofedy the nvords^ if aqy, craivl out of
the month, vat ifolf-formed, fcarce audthle to any car, and
broken off in the middle by a Bow^rfyjlJIeep.

People who walk in tlieir fleep, (of which our inimit.iblc
^hake/peart has, in his tragedy of Macbeth, drawn a fine
fccne) are faid to have their eyes open ; though they are not
the more for that, confcious of any thing, but the dream,
which has c;ot pofTeflion of their imagination. 1 never faw
pnc of thole perfons ; therefore cannot defcribe their man-
ner from nature ; but 1 fuppofe their fpeech is pretty much
like that of perfons dreaming, inarticulate, incoherent, and
very difftriHt m its tone from what it is when -waking,

intoxication fhews itfelf by the eyes h^f'put,Jlcepy,ftufid^
inflamed. An idiot Jmile, a ridiculous y«rr//w^, or afl:eiled
bravado, difgraces the bloated countenance. The mouth open,
^tumbles out nonfenfis in heaps, vi'ithout articulation enough
for any car to take \% in, and unworthy of attention, if it
could be taken in.. -^Tie head fcems too hi^avy for the neck.
'The arms datigle from the fboalders, as if they were almoll
<r.ut away, and hung by (hreds. The legs totter and bend at
the knees, -as ready to Jink under the loeight of the reeling
body. And a general incapacity, coportal and mental^ ex-
liibits ^MM/f' nature funk below the brktaL

^ger, (violent) or rage, exprefles itfelf with rapidity, iff-
^rupiiofirff^ifii harjbne/s, and trcpideuion. The ntckjlretched

C 4 out ;

( H )

out ; the heaJfotiKarJ^ often nodding ?L.n^Jbaken in a mtnae-
ing manner, againfl the objeft of the pafiion. The eyes reJ^
inflamed i ft aringt rolling, ^nd/farkii/ig ; the iyehrtnvs draxvil
dcnvn over them, and the forehead -wrinkted into clouds.
The noftrih ft retched wide ; every -vein fivelkd ; every
mujcle ft rained \ the bread heaving, and the breath fetched
bard. The mouth open, and drawn on each fide toward the
ears, Ihewing the teeth, in a gnajhin^ pollurc. The face
bloated, pale, red, or fometimes almolt black. TVzfeet
ftamping ; the right arm often thrown out^ and mtnacing with
the clenched fift paken, and a general and violent ^itation of
the whole hody.

Peeviflynefi, or ill-nature, is a lower degree of anger ; and
is therefore cxpreiTed in the above manner, only mors »w-
derate\ with half-fentences, and broken fpeeches, uttered
haftily ; the upper fit drawn up difdainfully ; the eyes a/quint
upon the objed of difpleafure.

Malice, or /pi te,/ets they^ivj, or gnajhes with the teeth \
fends blading j^<»/^^/ from the eyes ; draws the mouth toward
the ears ; clenches bothy^j, and bends ^c elbon,vs in Aftrain^
ing manner. The tone of voice and extrtjpon, are much the
fame with that of anger ; but the pitch not fo loud.

Em>y is a little more moderate in its gelhires, than malice ;
but much the fame in kind.

Re*venge exprelTes itfelf as malice^

Cruelty. See Anger, Averfton, Malice, and the other
irafcible pailsons.

Complaining, as when one is under violent bodily pain,
diftorts xht features ; almoft clofes the eyes ; fometimes raijes
them lAjifhfuUy ; opins the mouth ; gnafhts with the teeth \
drofius up the upper lip ; draws diwn the bead upon the
ireaft, and the whole body together. The arms are violently
bent at the elbow!^, and the^i llrongly clenched. The 'voice
is uttered in groans, lamentations, and violent fcreams.
Extreme torture pT9i\iais fainting, and death.

Fatigue, from fcvere labour, gives a general languor to
the whole body. The countenance is dtje^ed. (See Grief)
The arms hang lifUefs ; the bodv, if mting, or lying along
be not the podurc, ftoops as m old age. (See Dotage.)
The legs, if walking, are dragged heavilv along, and feem
at every ftep ready to bend under the Weight of the body.
The ^'oice is weai, and the nvordt hardly enough articulated
*to be underdood.

Averfton, or hatred, cxpreiTed to, or of any perfon, or
thing, that is odious to the fpeak<r, occtfions his drawing
back, as eti'oiding the approach of what he hates ; the. hands

at

( «s )

at the tunc time, thrown out jyTtai^ as if to^eep It dff.
The/tf rf corned oFway from that fide toward whjch the handj
are thrown out ; t)ie eya looking angrily and a/quint rhc fame
ivay the hands are dire£^ed ; the tyebro'ws drawn Jo-wn-wani i
the opper lif diidainfuliy draivm up ; but the teeth fet. The
^ub of the voice hud ; the tone chit/in^, Mnequai, f^^^y^
'vehement, *T\it ftmtcnces Jhort , and abrupt.

CommeHdathn, or approbation, from a fuperior, puts on
the afpe£l of lon/e (excluding Dr/tre^ and ReJ^etJ) and ex-
preflfes itfelf in a miM te/te of voice ; the armi genity/preMi^
the palms of the baThij toward the pcrfon approved. Jtxborr-
iKft at eiK9uragingy as of an army by a general, is exprelTed
with feme part of the looks and a£lion of courage.

JeaUfufy woukl be likely to be well expreifed by one wh6
had often feen prifoners tortured in the dungeons of the /««
fmifaion^ tjft who had feen what the dungeons of the in-
quifition arc the beft earthly emblem of; I mean Hell. Pot
next to being in the pope's, or in Satan's prifon, is the tor-
ture of him who is poAefTcd with the fpirit oijealoujy. Being
a nuxture of paffioni diredUy contrary to one another, the
perfofi, whofe (SmI is the feat of fuch confuiion and tumult*
mull be in as much gfpater mifcry than Prometheus, with
the vulture teaiing his 'liyer, as the pains of the mitul are
greater than thofe of the h^y, Jealouiy is a fcrzhent of lo^e^
haired t b^pt^fear^ Jbame^ anxiety yfujpiciony griefs pifyj ift^y,
pride^ rage^ cruelty ^ *uengeancei madnefsy and if there be anv
other tormenting paffion, which can agitate the human mind.
Therefore to cxprefs jealoujy wtll, requires that one know
liowto reprefent juftljr all thcfe paffi^ns by turns. (See Lo^ve^
Hatted y &c.) and often feveral of them together. Jealon^f
ihews itfelf by reftleffiu/s, pie*vijhnefi, tboughtfulnefs, anxiety ,
eebjence of mind. Sometimes it bur (Is out in piteous cotn^
pleduty and nji?eepirkgi then a gleam of .V v, that all is yet
well, lights up the countetuince into a momentary fmile.
Immediately the face, clouded with a general gloom, (heW^
fbe mind o*vercaft again with \iornAfufpiiioni, and frightful
muzgiaatioHS, Then the arms zx^fidded upon the breaft ; the
jyis violently dencbtd ; the rMng, bloody eyes dsLrt/ury. He
burriee to and fro; he has no mofe rejf than a (hip in a
troubled fea, the fport of winds and waves. Again he com^
pofes himfelf a little, to rededl on the charms of the fufpedled
perfon. She appears to his imagination like the /W^^M^
of the riiing da\\m. Then his moniler-breeding tancy re-
prefentii hch z&falje as (he hs/air. Then he roars out as one
o» the rmcb, when the cruel engine rends every joint, and
every finew burfts. Then he ttaom liimfeif on the groundi

He

i »6 )

Me hat J hi> /jg/tJ againil the pavement. Then he fpringi upw
?ind, with tlje look and action of a fury burAing hot from
the zhyfs, he fnatches the inftrument of deaths and, after
ripping up the bofom of the loved, fufpedlcd, bated, k^
jncntcd fair one, he (labs himfelf to the heart, and exhibits
a iUikine proof, how terrible a creature a puny mortal is,
^dicn agitated by an infenia! paffion.

Dotage, or xnnrm olJ age, ihcvvs itfelf by talkati'vinefs,
hoajling of the pail, hollc-joneji of eyes and checks y dimnefs of
Jighty deafmfsy trsmcr of ifouct the accents, through default
of teeth, fcarce intelligibU > hams iveaky knees tottering t head
paralytic, hollow coughing, frequent expectovaiion, breajWeii
vjhecvait'gy idbcTjous groanipg, the hody ftooping under the
infuppcrtablc lo::d or years, wliich ^on will cruih it into
the dufl, from whence it had its origin.

Folly^ that is, of a natural idiot y gives ^tfacezgi habitual
thoiightlefs, brainlc(s grin. The eyes dance from objedl to
objed, without ever fixing Jlsadily upon any one. A thou^
iand different and incoherent paj/tons, looks, gefiur^s, /peaches,
and affurditiesy are played oR every moment.

Diftradion opens the eyes to a frightful widenefs ; roUs them
'haftiiy and itildly from objedt to obje6l ; diftorts every fea-
ture ; gnajhes with the teeth ; agitates all the parts ot the
body y rolls in the duft \ foams at the mouth ; utters, with hi^
deotts bello^ingsy execrations, blafphemics, and all tliat is
ferce and outrageous ; XM^t^ furmufly on all who approach ;
and, if not reftrained, tears its ownfU/hy and dejiroys itfelf.

Sicknefs has infirmity and feeblenefs in every motion and
utterance. The eyes dim, and almolt elofed\ cheeks pale and
hdUfnu ; the jan.v fallen ; the head hung do^vn ; as if too
heofuy to be nipported by the neck. A general inertia pre*
vails. The ijoice trembling ; the utterance through the nofe;
Wery fentence accompanied with a groan ; the bandjbakingy
and the knees tottering under the body ; or the body flrctched
helplefs on the bed.

Fainting produces a fuddcn relaxation of all that holds
the human frame together, every finew and ligament unr
fining. The colour flies from the vermilion cheek ; the
fparldine eye grows dim, Down the body drops, as hclplcfs»
and fenielefs, as a mafs of clay, to which, by its colour and
appearance, it fecms haftening to refolve itfelf. Which leads
Bie to conclude with

Death, the awful end of all fleih ; which exhibits nothing
in appearance different from what I have been jud defcribing ;
for fainting continued ends in death ; a fub}edl almoft to^
Jcrious to be made a matter of artificial itifitatitm.

( 27 )

Lcwfr degrees of every paflion are to be exprefled l>y morj
fnoderate cxcrtiojis of ^^oice and gcftun^ as cvtry pablia
fneakcrs difcrction will Aiggcft to him.

Mixsd paffions, or emotions of the mind, require a mixfJ
expretfion. Pityt for example, is compofcd of gr:*f and
love. It is therefore evident, that a corrcv^ fpEa:xcr mnii,
by his looks and gettures, and by tiie tone and pitch of his
^'oicc, expref:! both j^r/V/* and lo-ve, in cxprcffing /**/y, and ff>
of the reft.

There may be other humours or paiHons, befide'thefe,
which a reader, or fpcaker, may have occadon to exprefs,-
But thcfe are the pfittcipal. And, if there be any oiherr^
they will occur among the following examples for prafticc,
taken from various authors, and rules will be given for cx-
pre^mg them- And though it may be allct^ed, that^Sunf of
thefc paiilons, or humours, are fuch as hardly e^jer come ia
the way of the fpcaker at the bar^ in the pulpit, or either
houfe of parliament y it does not therefore follow, that the
labcur of ftudying and praftifmg the proper ways of cx-
prefiing them is ufele/s. On the contrary, every fpeaker
wiJJ find his account in enlarging his fphere of praSicc, A
^emleman may not have occafion every day to tlance a jw-
nuet ; but he has occafion to go into company every day ;
and he will go into a room with much the l>etter grace tor
his having learned to dance in the mod elegant manner.
The orator may not have actual occafion to exprcfs anger,
Jealoufit gnaiicf, and fomc few others of the more violemt
paflions, for which I have here given rules. But he will,
by applymg his organs of elocution to expreft fbem, acquire
a madcrly ea/e zxid fluency in exprefllng thofe he has aftuall/
occafion to exprefs.

It is to be remei|ibered, that the aSliouy in exprefllng the
various humours and paflions, for which I have here given
rules, is to be fuitcd to the age,JeXi condition, and cireum^
Jlauces of the charader- Violent anger , or rage, for example,
is to be exprcfled with great agitation (fee Anger) ; but the
fage of an infirm old man, of a <woman, and of vl youth, are
all different from one another, and from that pf a man in
the flo-jver of his age, as every fpeaker's difcretion will
fugged. A hero may Ihew /ear, or Jenfihility of pain : but
not in the fame manner as a girl would exprefs thofe fenfa*
jions. Grief may be exprcflfed by a perfon reading a me-
lancholy dory, or defcription^ in a room. It may be acbrd
Mpon the dage. It may be dwelt upon by the pleader at
the bar \ or it may have a place in a iennon. The p^iffion is

• ftiU

ftiU grief. But the manner of cxpreffing it will be different
in each of the fpeakers, if they have judgment.

A correJi fpcaker does not make a mo'vement of limb, or
feature, for which he has not a reajon. If he addreffes htofven^
he looks upfward. If he fpeaks to his fettowcreaturesy he
looks round upon them. Thcjfiin't of what he fays, or is (aid
to him> appears in his looJ^. If he cxpreffes amazement, or
would excite it, he lifts up his hamis and eyes. If he invites
to virtue and happinefs, Va/prcads his arms, and looks beneud^
lence. If he threatens the vengeance of heaven againil vice,
he bends his eyebrow into ivrath, and menaces with his arm
and countenance. He does not needle/sly Jaw the air with his
arm, nor Jiab himfelf with his Jinger, He does not dap his
right band upon his breafl, unlefs he has occafion to fpeak of
him/elf, or to introduce confcience, or (omewhaX JentimentaL
He does not ftart back, unlefs he wants to exprefs borror or
Mver/ioMn He does not come fomvard, but when he has oc-
cafion to /blicit. He does not rai/e his voice, but to exprefs
ibmewhat peculiarly emphatical. He does not lower it, but
to contraft the raijing of it. His eyes, by turns, according to
the humour of the matter he has to exprefs, Jparkle ^ry;
brighten into joy; glance difdain , melt into grief; fro^vn
diiguft and hatred; languijh into love ; or gUire diftradtion.

Sut to apply properly, and in a maflerly manner, the al-
moft endieijdy various external expreffions of the different
paiiions and emotions of the mind, for which nature has
fo curioufly fitted the human frame— hie labor — here is the
dificulty. Accordingly, a confummate public ^^^y^^r is truly
a phenix. But mocniefi dian all this, is, generally ipeaking,
loificient for mod occaftons.

There is an error, which is too inconiiderately received by
manv judicious perfons, *ui». that a public (beaker's (hewing
huii£:lf to be in earneft, will alone (ecure him of duly affeSt-
ing his auiHetue, Were this true, the enthu(taflic rant of the
fanatic, who is often ver}' much in earneft, ought to pleaje
t\it judicious ; in whom, on the contrary, we know it excites
only laughter or pity. It is granted, that nature is the rule by
which we are to /peak, and to judre of propriety in (peaking.
And every pub^c/peakir, who nithfidly, and in a mafterly
Tosamer, /ollows that univeHal guide, commands attention
and approbation. But a fpeaker may, either through in-
curable natural deficiency, or by deviating into (bme incor-
rigible abjurdity of manner, exprefs the real and the warm
fentimcnts of his heart, in fuchan a^iviwardwzy, as (hall
effcclually defeat his whole de(ign upon thofe who hear him,

2 and

( *> )

and render h'm^elf the objed of their ridicule. It is not
enough, ais Quintilian * {ays> to be a bumam cnature, to
make a good fpeaker. As, on one hand, it \s not true, that
a J^eaker's ihewing him(elf in earntjt is alone /ufficieHt, (q
•n the other, it is certain^ that if he does noijeem to be in
tarn^ f , he cannot hut /oil of his defign.

There b a true fublime in Jeliafery, as in the oiber imi-
tative itrts ; in the manner , as well as in the matttr, of what
an orator delivers. As in poetry ^ fainting, fculpturoy muficg
and the other elegancies, the txxxe/ulflime coniifts in a fet of
miserly p large, and noble ftrokes of art^ fuperior to florid
bttlinefs ; ib It is in deli*very. The accents are to be r/ror and
mrticnlatei evtry ^UabU ftanding off bom that which is next
to it, fo that they might be numbered as they proceed. The
infieSions of the voice are to be fo diftindly fuited fio the
meuter, that the humamr or paffions might be known by the
fiund of the 'ooice only, where there could not be one ^*nrd
heard. And the 'variations are to be, like the fiiU fwelling
folds of the drapery in a £ne pi£lure, or ftatue, bold and/r^r^
^sAforcihle.

True eloquence does not w^t for cool approbation. Ijke
irreiiitible beauty, it tranfports, it ra<vijhes, it command^ X^
mdmiratioH of sdl, who are within its reach. If it allows
time to criticifi, it is not genuine. It ought to burry us out of
pnrfelves, to enrage Ukd/wallow up our whole attention } to
4tri've every thmg out of our minds, befides the /ubJe/Ox
would hold forth, and the point it wants to carry. The
bearer finds hiiaielf as unable to refill, as to blow out
9 conflagration with the breatb of his moutb, or to Jiop the
ilream of a river with his band. His ps^fions are no longer
i^ii povM. The PTtfTcr has taken pojfejpon of them ; and, with
f^perior {K)wer, inoirks them to whatever be pleaAs^

There is no eartbly object capable of making fuch varims
and fuc^ forcible impreflions upon the human mind, as
a confvmmate J^eahr. In viewing the artificial creatitms,
which flow from the pencil of a Raphael, the critical fx< is
indeed delighted to a high pitch; and the deliehi is
rational, becaufe it flows from iburces unAnovjt to oeing^
telow the rational fphere. But the ear remains whqUy
usicngaged and unentertained.

* Inst. Oh at. p*442.
-f ■ i\ vis mc Acre, dolendom eft

Priui ipfi tiki.

Ho*.

In

A

( 30 ) . ,

tn liftenmc^ to the raptures of Cbrclli, Geminiani, and
Handel, the Hood of pleafurc which pours upon the ear, is
almoft too much for human nature. Arid mufic applied td
cxprefs the fublimities of poetry ^ as in the oratorio of Sam-
fon, and the Allegro and Pcnforofo, yields a pleafure fo truly
rational, that a Plato, or ^ Socrates, need not be ajbamed to
^ledare Utitu fenfihility of it. But here again, the eye has
not its gratification. For the opera (in which ad ion is
joined with mufic, in order to entertain the eye at the fame
time vath the ear) I muft beg leave, with all due fubmifHon
to the tafte of the great, to coniider as 2i forced conjunciion of
two things, which nature does not ailc^zu to go together. For
It never will be other than unnatural, to fee heroes fghting,
€ommanding, tbreateniugf lamenting, and making love in the
warbSngs of an Italian y^^i^.

It is only the f\tgasit fpeaker, who can at once regale the
ne with the view of its mod amiable objecl, the human
ronn in all its glory ; the ear with the original of all mufic,
the undtrftanding wath its proper and natural /bo^, the know-
ledge of important truth ; and the imagination with all that,
in nature, or in art, is heautifuUfublime^ or ivonderfuL For
the Qratofsfeld is the uninjerfe, and his fubjedls :n-e all that
15 kno^^n of God, and his works ; of fuperior natures, good
and cvil/and their works ; and of terreftrials, and their works -

In a confummate fpcaker, whatever there is of corporeal
dignity, or beauty, the niajellv of the human /af^ divine, the
grace ofaSion, the pierdng^^nr^, or gentle languifh, or fiery
JleUh of the c\e ; whatever of lively pajfion, or ftriking emotion
or mind, whatever of fine imagination y of wife refledion, or
imfiiUble rea/oning ; whatever of excellent in human nature,
an that the i^and of the Creator has imprclTed, of his c-wn
image upon the noUefi creature we arc acquainted with, all
this appears in the confummate ^^^s^^r to the highef^ advan-
tage. And whoever is proof againil fuch a difplay of all that
is noble in human nature, mufl have neither eye nor ear, nor
faffion, nor imagination, nor tafie, nor underftanding.

Though it may be alleged, that a great deal of gefiure,
or oBion, at the bar, or in the pulpit, elpecially the latter, is
not wanted, nor is quite in character ; it is yet certain, that
there is no part of the man, that has not its proper attitude.
The eyes are not to be relied sAong the ceiling, as if tiic fpeakex
thought himfelf in duty bound to take care how .the flics be-
have themfelves. Nor are they to be conftantly caft down
upon the ground, as if he were before Ins judge receiving
fentence of death. Nor to be fixed upon one point, as if he

kw

( 31 )

fiw a ghoft. The arms of the pnacher are not to be nnd^
hfily thrcwm cui^ as if he were drovniing in the pulpit, or
hrandiflndt after the manner of the ancient fugiUs, or ooxers,
cxerdiing themfeives by fighting with their own fhadow, to
prepare them for the Olympic contefts. Nor, on the con-
trary, are his hands to be pocketed up, nor his arms to hang
by his lides as lank as if they were both luitbered. The head
it not to fiwndjixed, as if the fpeaker had a perpetual crick
in his neck. Nor is it to nod at every third word, as If he
were a^ng Jujnter, or his would-be-Ion Alexander *.

A judicious fpeaker is mafter of fuch a 'variety of decedt
and natural motions, and has fuch command of attitude, that
he mU not be long enough in one ptfture to offend the eye of
the fpe^tor^ The matter he has to pronounce, wili fuggeft
the propriety of changing from time to time, his look, his
pofture, his mutton, and totu of voice, which if they were
to continue too long they^r, would become tedious, and
irkfome to the beholders. Yet he is not to be every moment
twanging poft^re, like a harlequin, nor throwing his hands
about, as if he were ihewing legerdemain tricks.

Above all things, the public fpeaker is never xq forget
the great mUf Aas £st cclare artkm. It would be
2ii£mtely iBore plea£ng to fee him deliver himfelf with
as little motion, and no better attitude, than thofe of an
Egyptian nsstmmy, than diftorting himfelf into ail the iiwla*
tions of decorum, which affedation produces. Art^ Jeeo
thrombi is extcrahle.

Modsfy ought ever to be con/picuous in the behaviour of atf
who are obliged to exhibit themfdves before the eye of the
/tfl/sr. Whatever of ge/fure, or exertion of <voice, fuch per*
ions ufe, they ought to appear plainly to be drawn into them
by the importance, fpirit, or humour, of the matter* If the
meaker ufes any arts of deli'vtry, which appear plainly to !>•
jtndied, the eifd^ will be, that his awkward attempt to work
upon die paOions of his hearers, by means, of which he />
not maftese, wili render him odious and contemptible to them.
With whaty^/^and pedantic Jolemnity do fome public fpeaker»
totter thoughts, fo trifling, as to be hardly worth uttering at^
all! And what unnatural and unfuitahle tones of voice, and
g0/li(uldtioMs^ do others apply, in delivering what, by flmr

• With ratiihM eara
The monarch hean ;
AiTuihescbe.foi,
AfFcili to nod.
And (otbOKt t« ihakc the fpheres.

Dfjdtni Od-s.

panner

i

( 3» >

manner of delivering, one would be apt to queftion> nor
only whether it is their o-u'ir compoiition, but whether they
really underftand it.

The cUrgy have one confiderable apology from the awk-
wardnefs of the flac^ they fpeak from. A pulpit is, by iu
very make^ necefTarily drJiruSHvt of all grace of attitude.
What could even a Ttdly do in a tuh^ juft big enough iot
him to Jllmd in immerfid up to the arm-pits, pillowing his
ebin upon its cujhion, as Milton dcfcribes the Sun upon the
orient wave ? But it is hardly to be expe^ed, that this» or
any otlier impropriety in /acred matters , of which there are
many greater, ihould be altered. Errors, in them, become*
\y long eAab]i(hmcnt,^;W*. And I doubt not, but fome
of the uarro^wer part of the clergy, as wcU as of the peapit,
would think' any other form of a pulpit, than the pre/etUp
though much Jitter for exhibitiffg the fpeaker to advan-
tage, an ift/io*vati$a likely to prove dangerous to religiorip
and, which is worfe, to the church.

Nor is it to be exped^ed, that decorum of maturmr in
preaching (hould be carried to any great perfection in Eng-
land, while reading is thought to be preachittg. If the
Greek and Roman oratorii had read their Sermons, the
efFcdl would have been^ I fuppoie, pretty much the fame as
that which fermons produce among us% The hearers mieht
have, many of them* dropped ajleap. |n fome foreign
countries, preachers are fo much aware of the di£Mi vantage
of reading, that fuch as have ^weak memories have a prompter
behind> in the pulpit, out of fight. However^ it mull be
owned, that if preachers would bcflow a little pains in com*
mitting to memory the fubilance of their difcourfcs, fo as
not to be Jla^ves to wrinen notes, and endeavour to gain
a tolerable readine/s at extemporary amplification (which
ai the bar is indi/penfobk) their difcourfes might have eff'e^,
^ough the tye ihould now and then be cafi upon the noietp
if not in a clum/x manner, and with hefitation* . iimntilian \
himfi'lfvAW not object to Jo hutch ufe of notes as Inave here,
allowed ; though he ablblutely requires his orator to be
poffeifed of a memory t*

To

• See the writinif of many of the etergy t h tm f t het to thit purpofc, at
Vr.CUrkt^ Hare, Hoadity, fVJbifion, Clsytoa, Stc.thc CakdiO Dts^ux-
• ITIONS, and the Comfessional*

f Inft. Orat. L. x. C. vii.

^ Dean Swift, in his LiTTxm to a Yowg Clergyman,
writei, on this fubjed, as follows :

'* Tcannot but think that v^htt it fta/, £fftn u much from what
** it repeated without ioek, as a copy doat Jrom an original. At the fame

time

i ^i )

*I*o heir ^jutiidoui and elegant difcourfe from the pulpit,
)vhich wooldy in printt make a noble figure, murdered by
him, who had learning and tafle to compofe it, but, hav-
ing been ncgledled as to one important part of his educa-
tion, knows not how to deliver it othcrwife than with a
i9ne between finging and faying^ or with a nod of his head^
to enforce, as widi a hammer, every emphatical word, or
with the fame unanimated mowton^, in which he was ufed
to repeal ^u^ genus at Weftminfter-fchool ; what can be
imagmed more Tamentable ! Yet what more common ! Were
the educators of youth intended for the miniftry, of the
opinion of thtf prince of orators ^ viz. that delivery is the
firftffecondf and third part of oratory^ they wtyoXAJ^ari fome
time from the many le/s neceffary parts or fchool-leaming to
apply it to one fo very ejfentiati without which the weight
of the mo^ /acred fuhject, the grcateft depth of critical dtf^
quijition^ the moft unexceptionable reafoning^ the mod accu-
rate arrangement of matter ^ and the moft ftriking energy of
ftylc% "are all Ufi upon an audience ; who fit unaffe^edt and
depart unimproved. From hence it is, that, while places of
public 'worfi?ip are almoU empty ^ tbeatru are crowded. Yet
in xht former, the moft interefiing fubjefb are treated. In the
latter all \sJi3ion. To l\i^ former all are invited without any
^xpence. The charge and trouble of attending the latter are
ccnfederablt. But it will not be otherwife. To long as the
Ipeakers in the former take no more pains to enforce their
public inftruftions, than if they delivered /^/>/ii, and thofe
' in die latter beftow fo much to xaTikit ficiions feem true. It
may be faid, thb obfervation has often been made before.
The more is the///;. And it ought to be often made again ^
and to be diuelt upon^ till the faiut is amended.

Did preachers labour to acquire a maftcrly delivery^
places of public inftruSlion wouldf be cronvded, as places of
public ditierfion arc no-jo. Rakes and Infidels^ merely to
ihew their tafle, would frequent them. Could all frequent
them, and none profit ?

*^ tune I -an Ailly renfible, what an extreme difficulty it would be upon
** joo to alter this j and that if you did, your fermons would be much
* lefs valuable than otbcrwife, for want of time t« improve and corre£^
^ thfiB. I would therefore gladly come to a compromife with you in
^ chit natter.**

He then goes on to advife, that he (hould write his fermons in a large
f«ir hand, and read them over feveral times before delivering them, (o
as to be able^ with the help of an eye cad down now and then upon the
pjpcr, to pronounce them with eafe and force*

■ D It

( 34 )

It IS oomsion t9 hear compkdnts, from the. clergy, of dit
inattititidn of their hearers, even to dozing, and fometimes ta
proA>und^^/. But where does this complaint fall at la/lf
Even upon the preacher j tbemfelves, whoaddrefs their hearers
with fuch coolnifs and indifftrence, as to leave them nothing to
/do, but to go to fleep. Let the preacher but exert himfelf
properly, ami he may defy his hearers to go xofleep, or with*
draw their attention for a moment.

The clergy are likewife very full of their complaints of the
little ejf'e& their labours produce. Infidelity and a;/Vr, they
cry, prevail more than ever. Chwches are poorly ///r/.
And thofe who attends for &{hion's iake, are not muck
hetiir than their neighbours.

But what is the plain EngUjh of this lamentable ontcry ?
Why, truly, that they £ad people loth to go to the places of
public inflrudion to be di/gufted or lulled to Jleep. Andy
chat, when they baite them there^ they cannot per/nodi them
to quit their vices and follies by Uling twenty minutes upon
a velvet cufhion> and reading to them a learned di/courji.
That they cannot *umrm them to the lovcof virtue, bv a cold,
ill-read pulpit harangue. That they cannot win thdr af^
fediens whilft they negkd all the natural means for tvorkin^
upon the human paffions* That they cannot kindle in them
that burning zeal wluch fuits the moft important of all f>*
terefts, by talking to them with the coolne/s of a fet of Stoic
pbilofopbers, of the terrors of the L^rd, of the iMorm, that
never dies, and the fire, that is Tiot quenched, and of ftitn^
glory, honour, and immortality, of everlafting kingdoms, said
heavenly thrones*

I know it is common for preachers to plead, in excuje of
t\ie frigidity of their manner in addreiling their audiencef>
(heir modefiy, and fear of being accuied of affedation, But»
zxe theft any hindrance to the elocution of the odors, or even
of the adrejfes ; who, by fludy and practice, come to get
the better of timidity, and to attain an elegant and correct
utterance (and are, indeed^ the only/peakers we have in Eng-
land) without any appearance of affedation ; which would
sender them unfiifftrabU, But, do Kym preachers, in general^
beilovv any thought, or u& cuiy means, of ai^y kind, for im-
Ju-OA'ing themielves in fpeaking \ The younger part of the
pUtyers rehearfe, and pradi/e vuer and over, masy a time, and
are long under the tmtion of the principal a£tors before they^
appear in public. But there are, I believe, no other public
feeakers among us, who take {\ic)x pains ; though they be*
Row great pains in improving them&lves in learning ; which
ihews, that (titnegled oithis accompUflunent is mor^ owing

•a to

< 15 )

Ito &e want of A dae /^n/e of its ufefulmfij tiian to atiy ethif
tauie. And yet, of the two, learning is mnch U/s lUceffatj
to zfreacber^ than (kill m^ptrfiiading. Qointilian * makes
dus hater HM/ufreme excelltnce in his ort^or.

Let die reader only confider, that ^.fifoemaler^ or a /^y/^r^
is under a miafter ft-ven years, at lead, before he fets up for
himfelf. But the preacher goes into the pulpit at anee^
without ever having had om kftn^ or article ot inftru^tion
in that part of his art> which is the chief said moil weighty »
and witnoat wluch all his other accompli fbments are worth
mihmgt toward gaimng the end of preaching.

It may be allraged, that the clergy cannot be expelled to
be great orators hi fifty, or a hundred '^cnxA^i a year, which
poor pittance is as much as many hundreds^ I mav fay,
lhou(aiids> of them, have to maintain themfelves and their
fiuBiiliet. The more is the pity.

But there are many pUtyers who do not get more than the
lower clergy. And yet they fiudy h^rd, for no greater en*
cooragement, and aflually acquire fuch ikill in ^working upon
the pajjkms of mankind, that, for my part, if I wanted to
liave a compofition of mine ivell J^oken, I would put it into
the hands of a fecond-rate player, rather than oiany preacher
I ever heard.

What could be imagined more elegant, if entertainment
dtm were fought \ what more ufeful, if the good of mankind
were the object, than the facrcd funflion of preaching, pro-
ferly petformed f Were the moft interefiing of fubje^ts treated
with proper perfpicuity and adequate judgment, and well
wionght difcouries dehvered to liflening crowds with that
^gmty which becomes a teacher of Divine truth, and with
that emrgy^ vt^ich fhould (hew, that the preacher ^ke from
Ids 9wm heart, and meant to fpeak to the hearts of his hearer Sp
what ijfeBs might not follwvn f Mankind are not nuood^ or
fmu. They are undoubtedly capable of being roufed and
fi^rtkd. They may be droFwn, and allured*. The voice of an
able preacher, thundering out the Divine threateningt againil
^ice, would be in the ear of the offender as if he heard the
ibnnd of the laft tmmpet fnmmoning the>dead to judgment.
And the^Aif/r caUoi mercy encouraging the terrified, and ai-
moft difpairtng penitent to look up to his offended heavenly
Father, would feem as ^tfong of emgelt, A whole maltitudle
nught be Ufktd to xhtfikies. The world of fpirits might be
opened to the eyes of their minds. The terrors of that
punifluneni;^ Which awaits vice; the glories of that ftate, to

^arMr.jMiT.OaAT.If.vi. ^j|)*
2>S

( J« )

vKkh Virtue wSl, through Divine favour, raife the piousr
might be, by a powerful preacher, rendered prefent to their
underflandings, with fuch convidlion as would make in-
delible imprints upon their hearts^ and work a fubftandal
reformation m their lives *. *

The convincing and irrefragable proofs that real and im«
portant effeQs might be produced by preachers, by a proper
application of oraton to the purpoies of inilrufting and
amending mankind, is. That oratory has been* in all times,
known a^uaify to produce ereat alterations in men's ways of
thinking and afting. And there is no denying y2x^/. To
bring inflances of this in a copious manner, as the fubjed
might deferve, would be to quote more hiftory than could
be comprehended in fuch a volume as this. Nor can any
reader imagine, an art could have been, in all free govern*
mcnts, fo laborioufty cultivated hy ftatejmn, had t£e^ no(
found it ufeful in thcflate. Do we not, in our own tmies>
fee the eje^s produced by it in the Britifh parliament f. But
if any one (hould allege, that there is nothing in the power
cf preachers bv means of oratory t does it not follow, that
then the 'whole funSiion of preaching may as well' be bud
aftde f For, if good /peaking will have no. eJfeS upon man-
kind, furcly had will have none.

Reafoning a priori, one would conclude, that we fhoidd
fee both the fludy, and the cfFe^s of oratory, carried to
a pitch beyond what they reached in the ancient dmes o£
Heathenifm. Have we not the advantage of thofe noble models^
which the ancients (buck out by the mere force of natural
unaiTiiled genius ? Ought we not to exceed thofe models ? Bat
do we come up to them \ Have we not incomparably cleanr
views of nature^ and of all knowledge, than xkitantients had 2
Have we not vj\io\^ fciences of which they knew notbit^t
The Newtonian philofophy alone L to vf\iax fentiments doet
it lift the mind 1 How do the ideas, it gives us, of immenfitt
filled with innumerable <u2orlds revolving round innumeraJUft
funs ; thofe ivorlds themfelves the centres of others fc-
condary to them; all attracting; all at traced; enlightemngp
or recei'ving light ; at diftances unmeafurable, but all under
ome law /—how do thei'e ideas tend to rai/e our concefti9mt
of the Author of fuch a work ! Ought not our produSlions tt>
exceed theirs, who had no fuch helps to enrich and enli'uefo
their imaginations ? But, above all, as much as the heaireiis

* f^utntiUan (iNtT. Oi at. L. vi. C. ii.) makes the knowledge and
tommtnd of the pathetic, the main iofb-umeot of ^erfitofion, which, ac-
cording to him) is the grettt hfinep of the oxitor*. '

■%•

are

r rr >

AieU^ier tlum the eardi, (o much ought the view^ wKch
revdmiim prefents us wtth» to emmohU all cor pmim^tnt above
chofe of tne antitnts^ on which that glorious light never
IhoBC ! What had a Demoftbents, or a Ciaro, to infpire (o
divine an ardour into their addreiles to the people, compared
widi thofe^/StA/ifltf Je^ints, which angels defire eameftly to
pry * into? If the poetical dtfcription of Jupiter fliaking
Imven with his nod, ^warmed the imagination of a Phidias
to iiich a ]^ch, sls enabled him to produce the mod ma-
jeiic pifcce of ftatnary, that ever was beheld ; and if the
inuupoadoD of the author f of that poetical deicription was
exaued by the fcenes he (aw, and the learning he acquired
by tiaveiiine into Egypt, and other parts ; how ought the
genias of the Cbriftian wrator to be elevated, how ought
bodi hb compofitions, and his manner of delivering them*
to SAatfiferiwr to all that antiquity ever faw ; as he enjoys
fiiperior advaooiges for ennobling all his fentiments, and
giving digniw and fpirit to all he composes, and utters ! If
we find a PUtt), or a Cicero, whenever they touch upon
ihe fnbUroc do^Uiiie of zfutunftate^ rife above themfelves,
warmed with— Audi I fay, the froffiS? no — with the
f^UMty, or, at moft, with the boft of imnftortalitjr ; how
animitted ought our dcTcriptions to be, how fbrable our
manner of treatine of what we pretend firmly to Mieve ; of
what we know me Author of our religion confirmed by
aftttaUy ri/ing from the erave, triumphing glorioufly over
deadi, and ajfctnding vi/ibly to heaven !

Poor were the motivesAj^cold the encouragements,
which tbr^ could offer, to ex^R^eir hearers to bravery and
(0 virtue, compared with thofe which nut have to propofe.
For, if they put them in mind of their country, then* wives,
dirfr children, their aged and helplefs parents ; if they called
epon them to fhew themfelves worthy dtfctndants of thek
imiftnous anceftors ; if they roufed ihtu Jhamiy or their fenie
^bomur ; if they held forth the prize of deathlefsy«m# ;
an thefe are as cogent ju'guments now, as they were then.
What advantage our Cbriftian orators have over them toward
gaxDing their .end of alarmine, perfuading, and reforming
naiikind, appears from conndering how Htde chance nut
ihottld have of producmg an^ good efieft upon a people
9txoii^y MUgchtd to pleafures, nches, and honours, by telhng
than, that, if they continued to purfoe thefe their beloved
ebjc^ by unlawful means, they might expert, after their

* Gr. Bif • lwAo§fLtortf oyytXn ««f«ii4«i. i PiC* L i%*
"^ Horn* vAd« 11. I.J

D 3 death*

\

( 5« )

^eftdi, «t be cirried before Minos, Rhadamantiyii, toA
JE^cus, who' would condemn their fools to Tansrus, where
the foul of Ldon was tied upon a wheel, and whirled about
without reH ; where Prometheus had his liver gnawed by a
vulture, which grew ag^, as fall as it was devoured ; and
where Danaus's fifty daughters had a fet of barrels with
holes in their bottoms to keep continually full to the top :
and where all wicked fouls would be condemned to (bme
fuch punlfhment ; but if, on the contrary, they would a£l the
part of boneit and worthy men, and exert themlelves to the ha«
zard, and, perhaps, lofs of their lives, in defence of the liber-
ties of their country, their fouls would be ordered, by the
judges of the dead, to be placed in the Elyfian fields, where
were plea&nt greens, and lucid flreams, and fragrant groves;
fouL whei*6 they (hould amufe themfelves with the innocent
pleafures, which delighted them while here. Had our
dbriftioM orators no hettgr motives to urge, than fuch as could
be drawn from the coniideration of certain imaginary rewards
and punijhments to be diftributed in a certam fojjibley but
jitubtfd future ftace, in io^vo^^ uMktm»n fubterranean region,
}t might be expeded, that their aeal in urging them would
be but celd, and the etfe^s of their ^iddrefSs to the people,
inconJUUrable. But the ancient orators had w better motives.
ft^ futurity, than thefe which I have mentioned ; and thoib
they could draw from other conftderations were the fame,
which we may ufe xr«av. What accounts (hould we have
had of the power with which they fpoke, and of the ejf'e^s
of th^TF fpeeches, if they had the zwfaljuhje^s to treat of,
and the eui*vantages for treating of them with eSedl, which
eur preachers have ! (hame to modern times \ A Pericles,
or a Dcmoilhenes, covldjhake all Greece, when they warned
their countrymen againft an iitva/ion, or alarmed then^
about the danger of their liberties / Whilfl we cari hardly
)teep our hearers awake, when we fland forth to warn them,
in the name of Qod, againft the confequences of vice,
ruinous to inJi^ifluals, ruinous to nations \ the caufe not only
of the fubverfion of ftates and kingdoms, when luxury, and
corruption fpread their fatal conugion, and leave a people
fhe unthinking prey of tyranny and oppreffion; but of
Utter, irretrievable defiruSion of they^ and boSts of half a
^^ies * from the prefence of Grod, and £rom the glorv of
his power, at that trejnendous day, when the trumpet mall
found, and the dead (hall be raUed| and when he fkall fi(

* ^ Strait n the gate, and narrow the wpy, (hit kadfth tb lifc, tn4
<^ lew there be who fin4 it/* Mitt« viif I3t

upon

( 39 )
spoa 'the dtrone of judgment, from whofe fzce heaven and
earth fhall Hy away ^ ; whofe voice (hall pronounce on the
ivicked the dreadnil fentence, " Depart, ye curfed;" and
whoie breath (hall blow up the unquenchable flame, in
which rebellious angels and men ihall be irrecoverably
Iwallowed up and deSroyed.

It may, periiaps, be objefied here, that (acred truth needs
no omamixt to let it off, no art to enforce it. That the
afefties were artlefs and illiterate men ; and yet ihty gaimd
Che great enJ of their nuffion, the convi&im of mulatudes,
and Ifiablijhment of their religun. That, therefore, there is
no neceflity for this attention to delivery, in order to qualify
the preacher for lus facred office, or to render his labours
^iccefsful.

To all this the anfwer is ready, viz. Firft* the apofties
were not all artlefs and illiterate ; St. Paul, the greaiefi and
#Mf^/»/r^>/ propagator of ChrifHanity, is an eminent ixcefttM^
He could be no mean orator , who confounded the Jews at
Damafcus f , made a prince, before whom he flood to tt
Judged, confefs, that he had alm^ per/uaded him to become
a convert to a religion every mvatjpoken againfi f ; threw
another into a fit of trembling as he (at upon his judgments-
/eat II ; made a defence before the learned court of Areopa-
gus, tlrjiich gained him for a jcowvert a member of the cmtri
it/elf X ; flruck a whole people with fuch admiration, that they
toolc him for the god of eloquence fi ; and gained him a place
in Longinus's f lift of famous orators. Would the cold-
ferved-up monotony of our ^n^iSSItifermou^readers have pro*
daced fuch efleds as thefe ? But, &rther, the apofUes migha
very well fpare human accomplilhments ; having what was
worth them all, viz. the Divine gift of working miracles ;
which if our preachers had, I (hould not have much to fay
about their qualifying themfelves in elocution. But, as it is»
fuhlic inftru^ion is the preacher's weapon, with which he is
CO combat infidelity and vice. And what avails a weapon^
without^*// to wield it j?

^Rer.xi. 11. f Aftiix.sa« ^ AAt xvfi. iS. xstiiL st.

iAai uiv. 25. X A€t% iMU. 34. t-t- Aaa ut. 11.
* It wai With no fmall pleafure, I lately met with a fragmciit of
' Looginus, which is preferved, asa teftimony of that critic't fodtecat^
^ at the beginning of a manufcript of the New Teftament in the Valkaa
* library. After that author has numbtred up the Aoft celebrated ocalon
< among the Grecians, he fays, «* Add to thefe Paul of Tarfut, tbt pt*
** tfon of an opiaior not yet fully proved.** SpcA* 1?^. 633.

P4 Mi4Un$e

(40)

Midieines the moft falutary to the body are taken wltli
reiu^ance, if naufeous to the taile. However, they are taJ^en,
But the more neccfl'ary phyfic for the foul, if it fee not rcn- .
dered fomewhat palatable, will be abfolutely rejected* For
wc arc much lefs prudent in our care for the mofi valuable
part of ourfclves than for the leajl. Therefore the preacher
ought, above all other public fpcakers, to labour to enrich
and adorn, in the moft mallerly manner, hi3 addreffes to.
mankind ; his views being the mod important. What grand
point has the player to gain ? Why, to draw an audience to
the theatre *, The pleader at the bar, if he lays before the
judges and jury, the true fiate of the cafc^ fo as they may
be moH likely to fee where the right of it lies, and a juft de-
cifion may be given, has done his duty ; and the aflfair in
agitation is an eft ate, or, at mod, a life, which will foon,
by courfe of nature, be extindl. And of ^t fpeaker ia
cither houfe of parliament, the very utmoft that can be (aid,
is, that the good of his country may, in great meafure, de-
pend upon his tongue. But the infinitely important objefl of
preaching is, the reformation of mankind ^ upon which depends
their happinefs in this <werld, and throughout the <u^hole of
their 6ei»g. Of what confequrnce is it, then, that the art of
preaching be carried to fvtch perfe^ion, that/i//may be drawn
to places of public infbrudion, and that thofe who attend
them may receive heneff / And if almoft the luhole of
preaching be delivery, how ncceffary is the ftudy of delivery/
That delt'very is incomparably the moll important part in
public inilrudtion, is manifell from thb, that very in-
different matter ivell delivered will make a confiderable im-
prejfien f . JJut bad utterance will defeat the whole eJ'eSi of
the nobUft compc/itioH ever produced.

While exorbitant appetite, and unruly pc{ffion 'u^itbin, while
evil exampUi with alluring folicitation ^without (to (ay no-
thing of the craft and aj/aults of the gr^4 enemy of man-

* I deny not^that the theatre is capable of being m^^ a fchool of virtue.
But it mud be put under regulations, otbtr than we have e-ver yet feen it ;
fnd thole too varioui to bo fpecificd here ^ fo ^umcrou^ arc the particulars
which want reformation, much more being at prefent nvrww than right,

•f •* A proof of the importance of delivery, * fays Quintiltan, *• may
'* be djaWn from the additional force which the actors give to what is
*^ written by the bcft poets, fo that what we hear pntwtncedhy them
<' fives infinitely more pleafure, than when we only restl it/* And
acaic>t '' I think, I may affirm, that a very indifferent fpeech, well fee

off by the fpeaker, (hall have a greater efftSi^ than the beji, if J^tut$
'' of that .id vantage.**-* -Quint. Lift. Orat. p.44r. ^ Docopiento funt
»« Tcl fccnici, Jtc.'*

kind)

( 4t )

kind) wbife thf fe invite and enfnare the frmil and thoaghtlefi
into guilt ; (hall ^virtue and religion hold forth no charms to
engage votaries ? PUafure decks herfelf out with rich attire^
So/} arc her locAs, and melting is the fweetnefs of her 'uoie^.
And muft religion prefent herfelf mth e*very difadvantage f
Muft (he appear quite unadorned? Wliat chance can (he then
have in competition with an enemy fo much bettn fumilhed
with every nece(rary invitation and allurement f Alas ! our
preachers do not addrefs innocents in paradife, but thought-
lefs, and often habituated finnen. Mere cold explaining will
have but little eftedt on iuch. Weak is the hold, which
reafin has on moft men. Few of mankind have able heads.
All have hearts ; and all hearts may be touched, if the fpeaker
is majler of his art. The bufmefs is not fo much to open
the under/landing, as to warm the heart. There are few,
who do not ine<w their duty. To allure them to the doing
of it is the dilficuhy. Nor is this to be e({eded by cold
reafining- Ac<5Drdingly, the /cripture orators arc none of
them cold. Their addrelTes are fuch as hardly any man can
utter without warmth. *• Hear, O heavens ! Give ear, O
•• earth \ To thee, O man, I call ; my voice is to the fons of
*' men* As I live, faith the Lordj I have no pleafure in
*' the death of the wicked ; but rather that he turn from
his i^ckedneis^ and live. Turn ye, turn ve. Why will
ye die ? O Jerufalem, Jerti(alem ! thou that killed the
prophets, and (loneft them who are fen t unto thee ! How
often would I have gathered thy children, as a hen gv
thereth her brood under lier wings, and ye would not.
Hadfl thou, in this thy day, known the things which
belong to thy peace i — But now they are hid from
•• thine eyes."

It is true, the preacher is carefully to avoid oflentatlon ;
he is not to preach him/elf \ but Chrifl. But at the fame
cii;9e he is to " ftir up every gift that is in him ; to cry
^ uUudf apd not tp fpare ; to lift up his voice like a trum-
•* pet; to reprove^ correct , and inftru^\ to be inftant in
^* icaibn and oat of feafon ; to become (innocently) all things
^< to all men," confequently to become an orator, if men
Are not to 1^ affe^ed by fimple unadorned truth, however
^UDeigbty,

What can the people think of lYit Jincerity of the preacheiv
iwko is fpld and languid in his public inftnuiions, while he
is as ^AHurm and zealous as pther men, in the defence of an
inconfiderable part of his proUrty? Would he plead as
€esUlj for his Ufe^ as he does with his people in the caufe of
fpirtui and religion F Coolne/s in a nutter of the laft imfortf^acg,

an4

«<

4€
*€

(42)
ind about wUch one is really in eamtft, is ^ nnnaturaU at
to be hardly prailicahle. Therefore Cicero • takes it for
rranted, that Callidus could not have addreiTed the fenate
)n fo indiffergnt and unanimated a manner, if what he wanted
to perfuade them to believe had not been mtvc JUiion, And,
l)emofthene8, when one came to him, begging, that he
would plead his caufe, againft a perfon who had ufed him
cruelly, of which, ufage he eave Demofthenes a very cold
anid unanimated account, could not believe t that he had been
lb injured ; till, upon his iignifying his fufpicion, the man
was roufed to fome 'warmth ; and then the orator was con-
'vinced, that his complaint was nuell founded , and inunediately
nndertook his defence f.

If it (hould be faid by preachers, ** The people will be as
** much offended with us, if we o<veraB our part, as they are
^ no'w indifferent about attending our miniftry ; fo that it will
" ofvail nothinjg to ftudy a more li-vely delivety ;'* to tlus I
mud beg leave to anfwer; that there is no rea^n xo/ear any
thing from it. Becaufe a manner of preaching may be
ofed, which (hall have ten times more life and vintacity m it» 1
than the prefent, and yet (if it be not unnatural, or incorreB) ^
be vtryfafe from all danger of exceeding due bounds as to
nfi'vacUy 2sA force. And, farther, we do in fad obferve,
that no preacher is admired (I do not mean by the mob, but
by people of education) whofe delivery is dull and unani'*
mated \ let his matter be what it <wilL

Lefl any reader Ihould thbk, I have been Xoofe^vere upon
the deficiencies of men of facred chara6iers, as to delivery^
cither in leading the devotions of the people, or in inftruBing
them in their duty ; I will add, by way of apology for what
I have faid, ibme palTages, to the fame purpoie, from the
Spectator.

*' SIR,
*' The well reading of the common prayer is of fo great
'< importance, andy^ much negle^ed, that I take the liberty
" to offer to your confideration fome particulars on that
" fubjefl. And what more worthy your obfervation« than
*' this ? A thing (b public, and of fo high confeqaence. It
" is indeed ^wonderful, that the frequent exercife of it fhould
. '' not make the performers of that duty m^e expert in it.
•* This inability, as I conceive, proceeds from }}it little care
*^ that is taken of their reading while atfcbool, wheie, when

* To iftaC| M.CiUidi, nifi fiAjieicS) fie aferet ?

Cic.Bryt* p. x8i. TdObi*
-f Plot, in yxU Demofth*

«* they

( 4J )

^ they are got into Latin, they are looked upon as abore
^ EngVift, the reading of which is wholly negle&cd, or^ at
^ kaUy roui to very little purpofe, without any doe ob-
^ fervation made to them ot the proper accent and manner
^< of reading. By this means they have acquired foch iU
** habits, as will not eafily be removed.'*

The writer of the letter then goes on to mention the ad^
vantage he himfelf found, from being led in his devotions
by an elennt performer of the fcrvice at St. James's
Carlick-hul church.

" My eyes and my thoughts," ((ays he) ** could not wan*
#< der as ufiud\ but were confined to my prayers. — Tht
** confeffion was read with fuch a reiigned humility^ the
*$ abiblution with fuch a comfortable authority, the thankf.
#f givings with fuch a religious joy, as made me feel thofii
« affefbons of the mind in a manner / mnjtr did before. To
« remedy, therefore, the grievance above complained ofj I
«' humbly propofe, that (his excellent reader, upon the next«
<« and every annual affembly of the clergy at Sion Colle?e«
«< and all other conventions^ (hould read prayers before
#* them. For then thofe, that are afraid of ftretcbing thdf
4* tnoutbsf and fpoilittg their /oft *uoices, will leant to read
f* with cleamefs, loudness 2Xiiftresfgib. Others, who af-
#' fodi a rakijbi sugligent air, hy folding their arms, and lollinf
#« upon their booikt will be taught a decent behaviour, Thoi&
«' who read fo hSt, as if impatient of their work, may learm
4* to fpeak deliberately* There is another fort, whom I call
«« Pindaric readers, as being confined to nofet mea/nre. Thefe
** pronounce five or iuc words with great deliberatiott, and tho
#' five or fix fubfequent ones with as great eeleritj ; the Bxi
«< part of a fentence mth a very exalted voice, arid the latter
<' very low. Sometimes with one fort of tone, and inime-
" diately after with a different one. Thcffe gendemen will
«' kam of my admired reader an evennefs of voice and de-
^' Every. And all, who are innocent of thefe afifedations^
^ but read with fuch an indifferencj, as if they did not un»
'" derfand the language, mav be informed of the art of read-
^ ing movingly zniferuemtly ; how to place the empbafis, and
^' pvc the proper accnu to each word* and how to vary
*' the voice according to the nature of the fentence. There
^ is certainly a difference between reading a prayer, and a
^ gazette. Thefe are often pretty daffical fcholars, and
" would think it an unpardonable fin to read Virgil, or
■^ Martial, with as Uttk te^e^ as they do Divine iervice."
$peft.,No*i47.

And

( 44 )

And the fame, fl^dard author^ in his 407th paper^ com-
plains as follows :

" Our preachers 'kzxiA ftoek-Jtill in the pulpit, and wll not
" fo much as move z finger to fet off the beft fermons in the
** world. We meet with the fame (peaking Jtatues at our
*" barsy and in all public places of debate. Our words flow
" , firom us in zfmaoth, tontinued ftream, without thofe ftrain-
^ ings of the *voicet motions of the bodj^ and majelly of the
•* hand, which are fo much celebrated in the orators of
** Greece and Rome. We can talk of life and death in
*' cdd blood, and keep our temper in a difcourfe^ which
•* turns upon every thing that is dear to us.—

*' It is certain, that proper geftures, and vehement exer-
** tions of the 'voUe^ cannot be too muchftudUd by a public
^* orator. They are a kind of comment upon what he utters,
** and enforce every thing he fays, with weak hearers*' [and
furely the bulk ot hearers arc 'weak'] " better than the
•* ftrongeft argument he can make ufe of. They keep the
•* audience awake, and fix their attention to what is de-
•^ livered to them ; at the fame time that they (hew the
f* fpeaker is in eamefi, and aj'e^ed him/elf with what he fo
*' pailionatelv recommends to others---'.

" How cold and dead a figure in comparifon of thefe two
•' great men*' [DemoHhenes and Cicero] " docs an orator
*^ often make at the Britifh bar, holding up his head with
*' the moft infipid ferenitj, and broking the fides of a long
«« wig, &c."

Dean Swift (who was no friend to wer doing on the
ferious fide) advifes his young clergyman as follows :

" I take it for granted, that you are already defirous to
'< be fcen in a pulpit. But, I hope you will think it
** prudent to pafs quarantine among the defolate churches
*« five miles round this town, where you may at Icafl learn
«' to read and fpeak, before you venture to expofe your
•'.parts in a city congregation. Not that thefe are better
•' judges j but, becaufe, if a man mufl need expofe his folly^
•' it is more fafe and difcreet to do fo before few witneffes^
" and in a fcattcred neighbourhood. And you will do well,
"if you can prevail with fome intimate and judicious friend
" to be your conflant hearer, and to beg of him to give you
«* notice, with the utmoft freedom, of whatever he findr

amifs either in your voice or gefture. For want of fuch

early warning, many clergymen continue defedUve, and

fometimes ridiculous, to the end of their lives. Neithc;:
*• is it rare to obfcrvc, among excellent and learned divines,

•' a ccrtaii^

( 4,- )

* 2 ccTtmi m^Tscjow immfiy or gn'tipyi tOBC of

^ wluchthe^lutveiievcrbeendbkiDilBce'oC'' Littsk

TO A TO0irG Cleectmak.

Are ^ telts compIiiBed of bytkefetaAor^wliowrotE
almot ikf jtax% igo, tmrndti^ or iclr/^ to be am ended?
Let the aniwcr to dds qcefikm be coDcAed ^cti tbe fbl«
lowing verfa, by Dr.BTnm, prdbocd to Fard^% Acr
OP PmiACBivCy pubGflied a finv yean ago.

For> what's a (ennon, good, or bad.
If a man readiVL like ahd?
To hear fome people, when ther preach.
How they mn o'er all parts of (peach,
And nddier rM a wora, vnarjidi
Oar leaned biJhops, ooe wmud think.
Had taktfiJccsclJctjfj from die rod.
To make mhaffadors of Gcd.

And afterwards.

In point of (ermons, 'ds confefl.
Oar Engliih clergy make the beft :
fiot this a|mears, we mnfl confefs,
Noc from the fulfity but the frtfi.
They manage, with disjointed (kiH,
The matttr well, the numner ill ;
And, what feems paradox at firil.
They make the belt, and f reach the word.

If diere is, as we have feen> fo moch room to lament the
deficiencies of thofe who are to lead the devotions of congre-
gadons, and to inftruQ them in their duty^ and whofe buA-
nefs it is to txin them, by every engartng and ponuerftd art^
to the faithful performance of it ; 3* uiere is fo much reafon
to wi(h that thofe failures might be made up, and thole
errors amended, which are undoubtedly a great caufe of the
reluSlance we obferve in many to attend, and their coldaefi
and indlfferency in, places of public worfhip and inilrudUon ;
if the clergy are fo deficient in their public performances,
what is left to me to fay of thofe devotion-confounding, ear-
fplitting pefls of our churches, I mean the parijh-clerks^ and
farijb'cbildren ? I would only aflc, whether, if we had de-
clared a final and irreconcileable hoflility againfl common
decency, not to fay propriety y and had fet ourfeives to find out
the mod effedual means poflible for turning nAjorJhit into
burlef^ui ; I would afk, I fay, whether, if this was our aefign,

there

( 46 )

^fe could t>e 1 more certain way to gain it, than td pticH
S fet of people in e\'ery church, who fhould come in between
every two icntences fpokcn by themini/ler, witha^y^iiv/as
iouii as the found of ten trumpets, and totally difcordant from
9*ie another y and from the key in which the minifter fpeaks^
\i the mit:ijin- fpcaks properly, why do not the rArri and thtf
iharify-children fpeak in concord "tni^ him ? If the cUik fpeak)
properly, why do not the miulfter and the childrtn fpeak in th^
fame key with him ? Or if the children are right, why do not
the minifier and clerk fcream as high, or, at leaft, take a con-
€ordant key with theirs ^" They cannot be all right, and all
different y from one another. How much more rational would
it be to rpend the time, which is now fo rid;culoi)(ly thrown
away in teaching the poor children to fet die ears of thtf
whole pnrifh on edge, in making them underfiand thoroughly
what they fo often repeat by rote, 'without undtrftanding, I
mean the anfwers to thofe ufeful queftions in their catechlfm,
** What is your duty to God ?" and, " What is your duty
•* to your neighbour ?*' This would be oi fervict to them
idl their li-vcs ; whereas the other anfwers no end, that has
the lead connexion with common-fenfe.

It 'is by keeping clear of ever)' thing difagreeahle or
grating, and by confulting all that may pleaje, entertain, and
ftrike, that the fagacious Roman CathoJics keep up, in theii*
people, a delight in the public fervices of their foolifh
religion. If we were wife, and as much *m earned, as we
' ought, we fhould imitate them in this. But what avails
it to attempt to opjpofe that whicli has power to make
tvrong right, and abfurdity proper ; I mean, the irrefilHble
tyrant, Custom, whofe dominion is in no nation more.
ahjhlute (where there are fo many (b eapabk of jtfdging)
Chan in this our dear cowntry.

LESSONS.

f •

JL E S SONS.

!•

HiSTORiGAL Narration*.

THE I'rojans (*if we may believe /r^- Narra*
dition) were the /r^ founders of the tiow.
Roman Commonwealth ^ who under the
condudt of jEneaSy haviag made their e/cafe
from their own ruined country^ got to Italy^
and diere for fome time lived a rambling and
wifetiled life J without any fixed place of abode^
among the natives, an uncultivated people^
who had neither law nor regular government^
but were wholly free from all rule or reftraint.
This m;r^^/ multitude, however, crowding together
into one city^ though originally different in e:t^

trafficn,

^ Narration requires very little of what is properly called
£xfreJpon, in pronouncing it ; I have, however, ordered the
empbatical nwrds in this, and all the leffoni^ to be printed in
Jtalics, for the reader's help. See in the Essay, NarraiUn^
ami the other f^Jions put upon the margin of the lefins.

* Of the manner of pronouncing matter contained 11^ a
faruabifis, fee the Essay, p. 10.

I Z 5 S O N S.

^ Ak .— MMMJ - b W •

r^

7— v;, :r!i ri f:a/, united into one

:r t /irj "^"^rr ' \/[^ri Ipacc of time Ahd

^ rrcr ""li? nzric cirr.t to be imprcved by addi-

: .:^ :-.T r--. Zf ptlicj, and by extent of terri*

jrrr?rj likclv to make a ^^rr among

iccordiiig to the ccmmon courje of

T.T-f.-. '^z api^earancc of prof pertly drew upon

"Skc errjj of the neighbouring ftates\ fo

cut c^-;: princes and people who bordered upon

lAem, begun to feek occalions of quarrelling with

diem. The alliances they could form were but

few : for moft of the neighbouring dates avoided

embroiling tnemfelves on their account. The

Romans, feeing that they had nothing to trufi

tOy but their own condu^f^ found it neccflary ** to

bcflir themfelves with great diligence^ to make

vigorous preparations y to excite one another to face

their enemies in the fields to hazard their lives in

defence of their liberty^ their country y and their

fiimilies. And when, by their valour, they re^

pulfed the enemy y they gave afliftance to their allies j

and gained friendlhips by often giving % and fel^

dcm demanding favours of that fort. They had,

by this time, eftabliflied a regular form ofgcvem--

Plenty

• A fmall elfi^ation of tHe voice will be proper here, to
f \ph*fB moderate nucM^er, See M'omier.

^ 'I'liift fcntcncc is to be fpoken fomewhat quicker than die
irtl» H> rxprcls Mntefinefs.

* I^C wonls tfhit giving, wAjeldom demanding^ bein^ ia
«MilKrft» to one another, muft be expreiTed with Aich an tm--
fk^u «* may point out the antitheils, or oppofition.

LESSONS. 49

Wf/, to w/V, the monarchical. And z/cnate con-
filling of men advanced in years y and grown wj/ir
by experience^ though infirm of body, conjulted
with their kings upon all important matter s^ and,
on account of their age, and care of their coun-
try, were called Fathers. Afterwards, when
feff^r power y which was originally eftablifhed for
the prejervation of liberty ^ and the advantage of
^tfiate^ came to degenerate into lawlejs tyranny^
they found it neceffary to alter thtform of govern -
Meniy and to put the/upreme power into the hands
of two chief magiftratesy to be held for one year
mly I hoping, by this contrivance, to prevent the
hdeffeffs naturally arifing from the exorbitant
liccntioufneft of princes, and the indefeafible tenure
by which they generally imagine they hold their
Jmreigntyy &c. [«y/i//BELL. CATitiNAR.]

' The reader is, once for all, defired to take notice, that I
hve not fcrupled to alttr both x^e /en/e and the words in
nuny, if not mod, of the following pafTages, taken both from
Ae andents and the modems. For my defign was to put to-
ptber t fet of leiTont m/efulfor praSlice^ which did not reflrid
■^ to die viry *w9rds of any author. I have endeavoured to
Bake each leflbn a complete piece ; which obliged me to infert
■tttterof my own. I have excluded improper fenuments, and
wre fubftituted modem expreflions, for fome antiquated ones, .
•Wi I thought young people would be puzzled to under-
fa^ ; and 1 have inferteid a few fancies, which occurred to
nein copying oatibme of tlie parages, to render them more
dnerdng to youth, whofe tafte long experience has given m«
fcae knowledge of.

E IL Nar-

52 LESSONS.

mentSy cbaplets oi flowers , nor rich perfumes were
v^anting. The table was loaded wkh the moft
exqui/ite delicacies of every kind. Damocles fan-
cied himfelf amongft the Gods. In the midft of
all his happinefs, he fees let down from the roofi
exaftly over his neck, ^ as he lay indulging him-
felf in ftate, a glittering Jword hun^ by a finglc

Fear. hair ^. The fight of deJtru£lion thus threatening

him from on high, foon put ^ftcp to his joy and
revelling. The pomp of his attendance, and the
glitter of the carved plate^ gave him no longer any
pleajure. He dreads to ftr etch forth his band to

Trbpida- the table. He throws off the chaplet of rofcs.

T I o N or

HunRr. ^^ baftens to remove from his dangerous Jituation^

and at laft begs the king to reftore him to his for^
mer humble condition^ having no defire to enjoy
any longer fuch a dreadful kind of happinefe.
\Cic. Tusc. Quest.]

IV.

Narratiok,

Narra. 'T^HE prsetor had given up to the triumvir,
TioN. J[ ^ woman of fome rank^ condemned for a

capital crime, to be executed in the frifzn. He,
who had charge of the execution, in confidcra-

tion

• The ancients, everybody knows, lay on couches at tabic,

* This may be fpoken with as much of the aciion proper to
fear (Sec F^^r, inthc £ssa^, pag. 17.) as can be conveniently
applied.

2

LESSONS. 53

tion of her birth y did not immediately put her to
Autb. He even ventured to let her daughter
Aavc accefs to her in fri/on ; carefully /earching
her, however, as (he went in, left flie fhould
carry with her any Juftenance ; concluding, that,
xnzfewdaysy the niother muft, of courfe, perifh
(or want, and that the Jeverity of putting a wo-
maii of family to a violent death, by the hand of
the executioner, might thus be avoided. Some
days pafling in this manner, the triumvir begun
to wonder that the dzughtcr Jlill came to vifit her
modier, and could by no means comprehend, how
the latter (liould livefo long. JVatching, there-
fore, carefully, what pafled in the interview be-
tween them> he found, to \\is great aftoniJhment\ WoND^jt-
that the life of the mother had been, all this while,
fupported by the milk of the daughter, who came
to the prifon every day, to give her mother her
ireajls to fuck. The Jlrange contrivance between
them was reprefented to the judges ^ and procured
^ Pardon for the mother. Nor was it thought fuffi-
cicnt to give to fo dutiful a daughter, the forfeited
Kfeof her condemned mother, but they were both
maintained afterwards by a penfion fettled on them
for life. And the ground, upon which the prifon
ftood, was confecrated, and a temple to Filial Piety
built upon it.

IHfat will not filial duty contrive, or what Dbclaua«
^(^zards, will it not run i if it will put a daughter ^'°*'-

E 3 upon

\ See Admiration, in Ae Essay, pag. 2Z«

54

LESSONS.

upon venturing, at the peril of her own lifey to

maintain her imprifoned and condemned mother m

FiTT. fo unufual a nianner ! For what was ever heard

of more ftrangey than 2i mother Jacking the breafts
pf her own daughter ? It might even feem fo
upnaturaly as to render it doubtful, whether it
might not be, in fome fort, wrong, if it were
not, that duty to parents is thcfrfi law of nature^
♦ IVah Max. Plin.'l

V.

Historical Description.

J^UCIUS CATILINE, by birth a Pa^

trician, was, by nature, endowed withyiy-

perior advantages both bodily and mental : but his

Aversion, dijpofttions were corrupt and wicked. From his

youth, his/upreme delight was in violence, ^ Jldugb^
ter, rapine, and intefiine confuftons \ and fuch works
were the employment of his earliefi years. His

WoNDiR. conftitution qualified him for bearing hunger^

cold, and want ofjleep, to a degree exceeding belief.
His mind was daring, fubtle, unjleady. There was
no charaSler which he could not ajjume and put
off2X pleafure. Rapacious of what belonged to
others I prodigal of his own-, violently bent on*

whatever

^ Enumeration requires a fhort pau/e between the parti-
culars.

LESSONS. S5

^whatever became the objeft of his purjuit. He
poftfled a confiderable fhare of eloquence \ but
litde Jolid knowledge. His injatiable temper was
ever pufhing him to grafp at what was immode*
WCy romanticy and out of his reach.

About the time of the difturhances raifed by Narra-
Sjlky Catiline was feized with a violent lujl of
ftnoeri nor did he at allbejitate about the means,
(o he could but attain his purpqfe of raifing him-
ftlf to /upr erne dominion. His reliefs /pir it was in Horror.
^continual ferment, occafioned by the confufion of
his own private affairs, and by the horrors of his
X»z7/y confcience j both which he had brought upon
himjelf hy living the life above de/cribed. He was Avirsxok.
encouraged \n \{\% ambitious projefts by the ge-
flO'al corruption of manners ^ which then prevailed
inidngft a people infected with /w^ -y/V^J, not lefs
^pofite to one Another in their natures, than »7//"-
^hievous in their tendencies, I mean, luxury, and
^"Oarice. [Sal. Bell. CaTilinar.]

VI.

Ar G U I N G^

"^^TO one, who has made the Jmalleft progrefs
'^^ in mathematics^ can avoid obferving, that
^Mathematical demonjirations are accompanied T^ith
yj^ri ^ A/W of evidence, as overcomes obftinacy,

E 4 infuperable

•* Sec, in the Essay, the articles Arguing^ Tending, &c.
I»gc 19.

56 LESSONS.

infuperable by many other kinds of reafoning;
Hence it is> thac fo many learned men have la^^
boured to illuftrate other fciences with this fort
of evidence ; and it is certain^ that the ftudy of
mathematics has given light to fciences very littU
conneSled with them. But what will not wrong-*
headed men abufe ! This advantage, which ma^
thematical reafoning has, for difcovering truths
has given occafion to Jome to rejcft truth itfelf^
though fupportcd by the moft unexceptionable
arguments. Contending, that nothing is to be
taken for truths but what is proved by matbi'-
matical demonftration, they, in many cafes,, take
away all criterion of truth, while they boaft, that
they defend the only infallible one.

But how eaiy is it tofhew the abfurdity of fucK
a way of philofophifing ? Afk. thofe gentlemen,
whether they have any more doubt ^ that there
were, in fonxier times, fuch men, as Alexander
and Cafar^ than whether all the angles of a plain
triangle amount to the fum of om hundred and
eighty degrees ? they cannot pretend^ that they be-
lieve the latter at all more firmly than the former.
Yet they have geometrical demonflration for the
latter, and nothing more than mere moral evidence
for the former. Does not this fliew, that many
things are to be received, are actually received,
even by tbemjelves, for truth, for certain truthj
which are not capable of mathematical demoa«
firation ?

There

LESSONS. 57

^ There is, therefore, an evidence, different from
maibematical, to which we cannot deny our affent i
and it is called by latter philofophers, moral evi^
dence^ as die ferjuafion arifing from it is called
mral certainty \ a certainty as realy and as much
to be depended upon, as mathematical , though of a
afferent Jjpecies. Nor is there any more difficulty
in conceiving how this may be, than in conceiv-
ifigy that two buildings may be both fufficiently
fii/lantialy and, to all the intents and purpofcs of
iRiildings, equally fo, though one be of mar tie,
ind the other of Portland ft one.

The objeft of mathematics is quantity. The

gtotnetrician meafures extenfion\ the mechanic

tacci^zst^ forces. Divinity, ethics, ontology, and

Uftory, are naturally incapable o( mathematical

£jquifition or demonftration. Yet moral fubjeHs

are capable of being enquired into, and truths

concerning them determined in that wayy which is

frm^ to them, as well as mathematical in theirs i

in die fame manner, as money is reckoned by tale,

MHon by weight, and liquors by mea/ure, Sec*

[Gravef. Orat. cone, Evid. Mathem, Ei-BMf

Nat. Phix,.]

VII.

S8 LESSONS.

•«

VII.

Arguing*

THE regularity of the motions and revolutions
of the heavens, thc/un, the moottj a,nd num-i
ierle/s Jlars"^ i with the dijiinifion, variety, beauty
and order of celejiial objeSls i the Jligbteji obfer-*
vation of which feems fufficient to convince every
beholder y that they cannot be the effcft of chancer
thefe afford a proof of a Deity, which feems irre^^
fragable. If he, who furveys an academy, 2l palace^
or a court oijufiice, and obfer ves regularity, order^
and ceconomy prevailing in them, is immediately
convinced, that this regularity muft be the effect
of authority, and dijcifline, fupported by perlbns
properly qualified ; how much more reajon has he
Wonder. who finds himfelf/«rr^«»^^i/ by fo many and fuch

Jtupendous bodies, performing their various. iwo-
tions and revolutions, without the leajl deviation
from perfeft regularity, through the innumerable
ages of paft duration -, how much more reajon haft
he to conclude, that fuch amazing revolutions arc
governed by fuperior wijdom and power!

la

■ Every body knows, that all tlie antients from Ariilotle**
time, held the Ptolemaic fyftem, viz. of the earth's being
uiin..*veable in the centre of the univerfe, and .the whole-
keaveoj turning round her.

LESSONS. 59

1$ it not therefore afionijhingy that any man Contempt.
Ihould ever have dreamed of the poflibilitjr, that
a beautiful and magnificent Jyjlem might arife from
iht fortuitous concourfe of certain bodies carried to-
wards one another by I know not what imaginary
impulfe ! I fee not, why he, who is capable of
afcribing the production of a world to a caufe fo
inadequate^ may not expeft, from the fortuitous
Scattering about of a fet of letters of ivory, or
metal, a regular biftory to appear. But, 1 be-
lieve, he who hopes to produce, in this way, one
fingle line^ will find himfelf /^r ever difappointed.
If the cafual concourfe of atoms has produced a
wbole univerfe, how comes it, that we never find
a cityy a temple^ or fo much as a portico ^ which are
all Iffs confiderable works, produced in the fame
manner ? One would imagine, they, who prate
fb^bfurdly about the orgination of the world,
had no eyes, or had never opened them to view the
glories of this immenfe theatre.

The reafonings oi Arifiotle, on this point, are
4Mr^^/&»/. "Letusfuppofe, fays he, certain per- Arouin#*
fons to have been born, and to have lived to
mature age, under ground, in habitations accom-
modated with all the conveniences, and even
magnificence of life, except the fight of this
upper world. Let us fuppofc thofe perfons to have
heard by fame, offuperior beings, and wonderful
effeSs produced by them. Let the earth be ima- Wonder.
gincd fuddenly to open^ and expofe to the view of

thofe

6o LESSONS.

thole fubterraneans, this fair world, which we in-
Delicut. habit. Let them be imagined to behold the face

of the earfb diverfified with bills and vales, with
rivers and* woods -, the wide^extended ocean j the
kfty Jky ; and the clouds carried along by the
winds. Let them behold the fun, and obfcrve his
tranfcendent hrightnefs and wonderful influence^ as
he pours down the flood of day over the whole
earthy from eaft to wefi. And when night covered-
the world with darknefs, let them behold the
heavens adorned mth innumerable fiars. Lcf
them obferve the various appearances of the"
mocn, now bcrned, thtn full, then decreajipg. Let
them have leifure to mark the riflng and/etting of
the heavenly bodies, and to undcrftand that their
eftablifhed ccurjes have been going on fit)iti age (o
age. When they have furveyed and confidcrcd
all thefe things^ what could they conclude, but that
the accounts they had heard in their fubterraneao
habitation, of the exiftence oHjuferior beings, muft
be true, and that thefe prodigious works muft be
the cfFcft of their power ?"

Thus Ariftotle. To which I will add, that it
is only our being accuftomed to the continual view
of thefe glorious objeSs, that prevents our admiring,
them, and endeavouring to come to right conclu^
fions concerning the author of them. As \( novelty
were a better reafon for exciting our enquiries^
than beauty ^nd magnificence. [OV. Nat. Deor*
Lib. II.]

VIIL

LESSONS- 61

VIIL

Sneer".
Receipt to make an Epic Poem.

FOR the fahU. Take out of any old poem. Teaching.
hiftoty-book, romance, or legend, (for in-
ftance, Geoffrey of Mcnmoutby or 'Don Belianis of
Greece) thofe parts of the ftory, which afford moft
Icope for long defcriptions. Put thefe pieces toge-
ther, and throw all the adventures into one tale.
Then take a hero, whom you may choofc for the
ibund of his namey and put him into the midjl of
thefe Mventures. There let him work for twelve
looks f at the end of which you may take him
out ready to conquer or to marry : it being nc-
cefTary, that the conclufion of an epic poem be
fortunate.

For the machines. Take of deities male and
female as many as you can u/e. Separate them into
two equal parts, and keep Jupiter in the middle.
"Lm Juno put him in 2i ferment, and Venus mollify
him. Remember on all occafions to make ufe
of volatile Mercury. If you have need of devils,
draw them from Milton i and cjuraft your fpirits

from

^ Thtffravitj of look and manner \s to be kept up as much
in reading dus» as if it were Ariitotle's or Horace's ferious
dixc^ns on the iame fubjed.

6a LESSONS.

from Tajfo. When you cannot extricate your
hero by any human means^ or yourfelf by your
witSy feek relief from heaven^ and the gods will
help you out of the fcrape immediately. This is
according to the direft prejcription of Horace io
his Art of Poetry.

Nee deus inter/it y niji dignus vindice nodus
Jnciderit^

That is to fay, A poet has no occajion to he at tf
lofsy when the gcds are alivays ready at a call.

For the defcriptions, as a tempejl^ for inftancc.
Take Eurusy ZepbyruSy Aujier^ and Boreasy and
caft them together in one ver/e. Add to thefc^
of rainy lightning, and thunder (the loudejl you can
get) quantum fufficit. Mix your clouds and bil-
lows, till they foam ; and thicken your defcription
here and there with a quick/and. Brew your tem«
peft well in your heady before you fet it a blowing.

For a battle. Pick half a dozen large handfuls
of images of your lions y bears y and other quarreU
Jcme animals y from Homer's Iliady with a (pice or
two from Virgil. If there remain an overplus y lay
them by for a Jkirmijh in an odd epijodcy or fo,
6'^/7^« it well with fmiliesy and it will make an
excellent battle. For a burning towny if you choole
to have one, old l^roy is ready ^«r»/ to your
kandsy &c. [vfzc;///. Vol, iv, p. 132.]

LESSONS. 63

IX.

Remonstrance ^nd Contempt of Pkide.

DOES greatnefs fecure perfons of rank from Qub«tiow^
infirmities either of ^(?^, ox mind? Will the
head-acb^ the gout^ or fever ^ fparc a />mr^ any
more than zJubjeH ? When old-age comes to lie
i6f/?vy ** upon him, will his engineers relieve him of
the load? ^ C^n his guards and/en tinelsyhy doui-- Fba%.
Img and trebling their numbers^ and their watch-
fulnejs, prevent the approach of z/^^/it ? Nay, if
jealoujy^ oreyen ill-humour^ difturb his hapfine/sy CaNxiMFt,
will the cringes of his fawning attendants reft ore his
tranquillity ? What comfort has he, jn reflefting,
(^if he can make the rcfleftion) while the a//V,
like Prometheus's vulture, tears his bowels y that
he is under a canopy of crimfon velvet, fringed
with gold? When th<^ fangs of the gouty ovftcney Ar*cui8», .
extort frpm \{\rc\ f creams of agony y do the titles of
Highnefs or Majefty come fweetly into his ^^r ?
If he is agitated ^ with ragCy does the found of BoASTijf«#
Sereney or Afij^ Chriftian^ prevent his^^ri^^, red^

deningy

• The word heavy to be dragged out as expreffing diftrefs.
§ce Catuplainingi page 24.

P This fentence [Ca« his guards, &c.] to be fpoken with
fcar. See Fear, page 17;

^ If he is agitaiedy &c. to be fpoken fulUxnouthed^ as
^Qf^bg. See Boaftingy page 1 8.

64 LESSONS.

dening^ and gnajbing with his teetb^ like a mad--

ONTEMFT. «tf»? Would Hot 3 twingc of the tootb-acb^ or

an affront from an inferior^ make the mighty

C^tfr forget y diat he was emperor of the w^A/ ?

X.

Horrors of War.

Tripida- TVTOW had the Grecians fnatch'd ^Jhcrt repafi^

1.^ And buckled on their fhining arms in bafie^

Perplex* Troy rouz'd as foon i for on that dreadful day

The fate oifatbers^ wives, and infants lay.

Trepida- The gates utifolding pour forth all their train ;

Squadrons on Jquadrons cloud the dufty plain j
Men^fieedsy and cbariotSyJhake the tremblinggroundi
The tumult tbicket^Sy and thtjkies rejound.
' And now with ^^«/j the fhocking armies clos*d.
To /^»f ^j lances^ fhields to fhields oppos'd,
-H?^ againft A^^ their (hadowy legions drew;
The founding darts in />(?;/ temp efts flew ;
Vigors and vanquiflfd]o\n promifcuous cries ;
Triumpbant fhouts' 2li\A dying groans^ arife;

Horror. With fir earning blood the flipp*ry fields are dy*d.

And flaugbter'd beroes Jwell the dreadful tide.

Long,

' To be fpokcn quick and loud.

• To be fpoken boldly.

* To be fpokcn fiwntly, and with piiy. Sec /*/>>', page i6.

LESSONS. 65

Lotsg as the morning beams increafing bright^

O'er heaven's dear azure fprcad the facred light,

Promi/cuous death the fate of war confounds.

Each advcrfe battle gor'il with equal wounds. \

Bufwhen the fun the height of beav'n afcends,

*The Sire of Gods his golden /cales fufpends

With equal band. In thefe explores the fate /^y,^

Of Greece and Troy, and pois*d the mighty weight.

Prejs^d with its load^ the Grecian balance lies

Low Junk on earth ; the Trojan ftrikes tht Jkies.

^ Then Jove from Ida*s top his horror fpreads ; Ho* iot.

T'he clouds burft dreadful o'er thfe Grecian heads ;

Thick lightnings flajh ; the mutfring thunder rolls,

Thtir Jirengtb he witters, and unmans their fouls.

Before his wrath the* tremiling bofts retire, Fiar.

The god in terrors, and the fkies on fire.

[Ptpe'^ HoM* II. B. viii. v. 67.]

« To be fpoken Jhwly^ and with *vtneratwn^ Sec Vener^r
fi^ny page 20.

y To be fpoken hollow, and fulUmtmtbtd,
* To be ii>oken with a quivering *voici.

XI. P«T1-

6^ LESSONS.

XI.

PuTiTiONiNO with Dejjection,

Paffagcs taken from fundry petitions" prefcntcd
to the French king by a difgraced miniftcr.
[Pens. Ing» Anc, Mod. p. 167 •]

DijECTioM. "DEING weary of the uJiUJs life I live at

]Lm prefent^ I take the liberty of x«p/m»f, with

profwnd Jubmiffion^ your Majeftyy that I may have

leave to feek an bonourabU death in yourMajefty's

Jervice. After the dtfappQintnuntSy and reverfes of

/(?r/«»^, which I have had toj^rogg^/^with, my w-

feUations of rifing again to profperity are brought

low enoughs But it would be a fatisfa6lion to

me, that my real cbaraffer were known to yoir

HwMBir Majefty; which if it were^ I flatter myfelf, I

RfiMON. ftiould have your Majefly's indulgence, nay, your

BisEECH' ejieem. Refuje not, mod gracious Sovereign, the

iicG. means, for gaining this end, to a man, who is

ready to (hed his blood in proof of his loyalty and
affe£lion to your Majejly^ Were my own private
intereft ahne concernedj, I fhould be peculiarljF
cautious, how I intruded upon your Majefty with

tbefe

■ Though petitions are commonljr pfdcMed in turiting^
yet they may be imagined to be addrefTed tQ the prince «y«ar
1/tcf, and fometimes ar^.

TION.

LESSONS. €7

thtk/oliciiatitms. But as the tnily bafpiHefs I dc- Earnest
fire \ti this nvorld Is, to have an opportunity of ^^^^^'^^'^
fcrving my king and country j I humbly hopes I
may be forgiven, though I urge my/uii with fome
warmth zndimporfunify* 1 do not prefume^ Sire, Rxmorsb.
to claim a total exemption from bardjbip. I pre^
tend to no right to live a life of indulgence. All I Besbech^^
ajky is, to change one punijbment fof another. And ^^^*
I befeecb your Majcfty to have fome conftdcration
for my paft fcrvices ; and that a yearns imprifon^
fi$enty five years exile^ the ruin of my for tune, the
/ubmijpon with which I have borne thefe punijb^
mentfi and the ^r^/ I fiill am ready to fhew for
your Majefty's frrvice, may plead in my favour,
and dijarm your Majeflry of your indignation
againft me. It is true, that in making your Humbli
Majefty the offer of my life, I offer what is of ^^**^«-
little value even to myjelf. But it is all I have to
offer. The misfortune I have lain under, thefe Dbjbctioijj
JixyearSy of your Majefty* s difpleajure, has rendered
life Jo inftpid to me, that, b^des the honour of
lolili^ it in your Majefty* s Jervice^ the profpeft
of an end being, by death, put to my vexations^
makes the thought of my diiffolution plea/mg to
me. lilt ftjould Jeem good t6 your Majcfty to Paorovtio
finifh my diflreffes the other way, I mean, by Svbmissioii.
yoMT woSt gracious.pardon^ the obligation will be
^ill greater ; and to the zeal I have for your Ma-
^€^*s intereft, lihall think myfelf obliged to add
gratitude fuitable to fo important a favour 4 And

F 2 with

68 LESSONS.

Resolu- mthfucb fentimentSi there is nothing I fhall not bs
TioN. willing to enterprize for your Majefty*s fervice.

Devotion. May heaven touch the heart of your Majefty, that

you may at laji forgive yoMV Jincerely penitent fub^
Humble j^cf. No one knows better than your Majefty,
Remon. that it is as great to forgivey as to punijh. If I

alone ann doonnped to have 7jo benefit from that

goodnefs, which extends x,ojo many^ my lot mull

be peculiarly calamitous.

XII.

Praise under the appearance of blamed

Voiture\ whimfical commendation of the ikfor-
quis de Pi/any' s courage. [Pens. Ing; Anc.
Mod. p. 152.]

Con or. A. T AM extremely glad to hear, that you are
TULA! I ox. X grown fo hardy y that neither labour y watching^

ficknejsy leady nov fteely can hurt you. I could not
WofiDER. have thoughty that a man, who lived on water^

gruely fhould have fo thick dijkin j nor did I ima-
gine you had a fpelly by which you was powder^
proof. To account, how you come to be ftill

aiive,

*» This is to be fpoken in the fame manner as if one was

Jinding fault in earncfl. For it is the character of Humour to

nuan the cmitvary of what itjeems to mean. And though the

matter was originally part of a Letter, it may be imagined %%

' fpohn. . *

LESSONS. 69

aliv^, after the defferate hazards you have ruriy !s
more th^tn T can pretend io. But I had rather, it Consratu*
were by the help of the Devil him/elf, than that ^^'^^^^^
you were as poor Atticbyy or Grenville ; if you
were embalmed with the richcft drugs qf the Eaft.
To tell you my opinion plainly y Sir i Jet a man die Disappro-
for his country, orfor honour, or wbatyoupleafe, bat ion.
I cannot help thinking, he makes but ^ftlly
Jigure^y when he is dead. It fcems to mt great Concern.
pity, that fbme people fliould htjo carelejs about
th^ir lives, as they are. For, dejpicable as life Remok.
• is, a man, when he has loft it, is not worth half
what he was, when he bad it ^ In ihort, a dead
king, 2L dead hero, or cwcn 2i dead demy-god, is, in
my mind, but a /o^r charaSer j and wi;^fi> ^^^^
may it do him, who is ambitious of it,

XIII.
A love-fick Shepherd*s Complaint ^

AH well-a-day ! bow long muft 1 endure Lament a-

This pining p^in '? Or who (hall fpecd my cure f t 1 o n .

Fond love no cure will have \ feeks »^ repofe -, ^ c w i s h .
Delights in grief, nor tf»y meafure knows.

F 3 Lo!

* The fpcaker will naturally utter thefe words, JiJIy fgun,
yrki\\ a Jbrug.

^ Szc Melancholy, page j6.

* The words pining fain cannot be ipokeli too Jlvwlj. See
Complainingf page 24.

70 LESSONS.

CoMPiAiKT ^Lo ! now the moon begins in clouds to rifcj

The brightning ftars befpangle all the (kies.
The winds are hufti'd. The dews diftilj andflc^
Hath clos'd xhe eye^lids of my weary (hcep.

Anguish, « I only with the prowling wolf conftrain'd

* All night to wake. With hunger he is painM,
And I with love. His hunger he may tamei
But who can quench, * O cruel love^ thy flame \

Lament A- Whilom did 1, all as this poplar fair,

Up-raife my heedlefs head, devoid of care ;
'Mong ruftic routs the thief {qx wanton game %
Nor could they merry make, till Lobbin came.
Who better feen than I in (hepherds arts.
To plcafe the lads, and win the laffes' hearts ?
liow deply to mine oaten reed fo fweet
Wopt they upon the green to (hift their feet \
And wearied in the dance how^iox^A. rkit^ yearn
Some well-^devifed tale from me to learn ?
For many 2iJongy and tale o^ mirth had I
To chafe the loitVing fun adown the (ky.
But ah ! fince Lucy coy deep wrought hcr/pigbt
Within my hearty unmindful of delight j
The jolly youths I fly ; and ^^\ alone
To rocks and wood? pour forth my fruitlefs moan^

Oh!

^ Thefc four line^ju-e to be fpokcn JtoTvly, and with a torpid

Utij^'t'Jr.iiy of tone*

« The fpeaker is to feem roufed\itxZi as by a fuddcn/airg-,

^ Thcfe four words to cxprcfs extreme anguijh,

* A flop before and after the words, O cruel love ; which

arc to be c.vprcfl'ed widi exclamation oi angutjh.

LESSONS.

Oh ! Uave thy cruelty, rclcndefs fair i De p r b <

Eir, lingering long, I perijb through defpair. ^*°^'

Had Rojalind been miftrefs of my mind, Compl.

Though not iofair^ (he wouldhdst prov *d more kind.

O tbink^ unwitting maid ! while yet is time, Advici

How flying years impair the youthful prime !

Thy virgin bloom will not for ever ftay.

And flow'rs, tho* left ungather'd, will decay.

The flowVs, anew, returning feafbns bring ;

But faded beauty has nojecondjpring.

^ — My words are windl — She, deaf to all my crieSy Dessau

T^kcspleafure in the»ij/irW^of her eyes.

{A. Philips.'] %

XIV.

Remonstrancb.

Part of Socrates's fpeech to Montaigne, in the
French Dialogues of the Dead. [Pens.
Inc. Anc. Mod, p. 117.]

•

^NTI^irr is an objeft of z peculiar fort : Tiachi

Diftance magnifies it. If you had been pcr-
fonally acquaintbd with Jriftotle, Pbocion, and
me i you would have found nothing in us very
different from what you may find in people of
your own age. What commonly prejudices us in

F 4 favour

^ A long faufim

BATION.

72 LESSONS.

favour o{ antiquity y is that we are prejudiced againfi
Dis APPRO- our own times. We raije the antients, that we may

deprefs the moderns. When we antients were alive j^
we efteemed our anceftors more than they dejerved.
And our pojierity efteem us more than we defcrve.
But the very truth of the matter is, our anceftors^
and we^ and our pojierity ^ are all very much alike.

XV.

AuTHORi'TY and Forbiddiko.

Jupiter forbids the gods and goddefles taking
any part in the contention between the Greek?
and Trojans.

Nariaticn. \ URORA now, fair daughter of the dawn,

xV Sprinkled with rofy light the dewy lawn j
When Jove convened the fenate of the fkies.
Where high Olympus* cloudy tops arifc,

Awi. The ftre oi gods his awful fik^nce broke 5

The heav'ns attentive trembled as he fpoke i f^

AuTHO- << Celejlialjlates! immortal gods ! gxwtear^i

Hear our decree 5 and reverence what you hearj

The

^ There are three pretty longpau/es to be made in this line,
at the v.'QT^s Jiates, go^s, and ear. The words Cckfiial ftaies^
may be fpoken with the right arm extended, the palm up-
wards, and the look directed toward the rights as addrcffing

tha?

»Il Y.

LESSONS.

73

^T\iC fix* d deer ecy which not all heaven can moije ;

Thou, Fate I fulfil it \ and ye, Pow'rs I approve.

"What god Ihall enter yorC forbidden fields Threaten.

Who j^/VWjafliftance, or but wills to yield, ^^^*

Back to xh^fkies with Jhame he fhall be driv^n^

Gafh^d with difhoneft wounds ^ xhtfcorn of heaven ^

* Or from our f acred hill mthfury thrown

Deepi in the dark Tartarean gulf (hall groan ;

With burning chains fix' d to the brazen floors ^

And locked by i?^//V inexorable doors ;

As i/(f^^ beneath th' infernal centre hurl'd.

As from that centre to th' ethereal world.

•Let each, fubmiflive, dread iho{c dire abodes.

Nor tempt the vengeance of the God of gods.

\A2^guc all your forces, then, ye powYs above ; CHAiLEwc*

Your ftrength unite againft the might of Jove.

Let

that part of the aiTemWy. The words, ifmmortal gods I with
the lift arm extended, in the fame manner, (the right conti-
nuing likewife extended) and the look diredled toward the left-
hand part of the affembly. And the words, give car, with the
look bent direftiy forward. St^ Authority y page iS.

■^At the words, t^^hat godjhall enter, the left arm, which
ihould continae extended, with the right, to the beginning of
^ fourth line of the fpeccli, may be drawn in, and placed
^JpoiPdic hip, while the right is brandiihed with the clenched
P» as in threatening. Sec Boating, page 18.

" The fpeaker will naturally here point dtnunzvard with the
fore-fing(.r of his right hajid.

* " Let each," &c. The fpeaker may here again extend
both arms, as before, the open palms upwards, calling a look
pvcr the whole room, fuppofed to be iilkd with the gods.

INC.

a

/

TION.

74 LESSONS.

Let down our golden cvcrlafting chain ^ [i
Yfhotc ftrong embrace holds heaven and earib and
^/riv^ a//^ of mortal and immortal birthj
• To ^rtff by dxis the tbund'rer down to ^i^r/^.
• CoK- f Yc * /rrj^ in vain. If I f hut Jlretcb this ifrondl

t Cral- ^ it^tfx^^ the gods, the «^^air, and the land.
I.SHCI1IG. I jSjr the ^i'tfin to great Ofympuj' beigbt.

And the vaji ^orld hangs trembling in my /fib/.
For Tirri^ I reign unbounded, and ii^^v^ ;
/ind/u^b are «i^^ and ^ ^J[r^ compar'd to Jove.^*

XVL

Sublime Description,

An Ode, from the xixthPfalmf [SpecT. N^,465,]

I-

Admira- fT^HE /tf//y pillars of the^,

'^*^"' X And Jfacious concave raised on high

SpangVd fvitbftars, a Jhining frame^

Their ^ r^^/ original proclaim.

Th' unwearfdjun, from </tfy to ^i^.

Tours knowledge on his ^(?W«i ray,
Y-Vl'*^' And publijhes to «;*ry /«»^/ ^

The w^rife of an Almighty band.

p. Soon

f The fpeakcr will do well, here, to have his armt in any
Hbn pofture, nither than extended ; bccaufe, after the padb
in the middle of the line, the right arm muft be exunds^ynsh.
great folemiuty ,

L E S S O N 5. 75

II.

Soon as the evening Jbades prevail, Adm;»»

The moon takes up the wond*rous tale^

And nightly to the liji*ning earth

fieptats the jiory of her lirth ;

"Whilft dll ^tftarsy that round her hnm^

And all the planets in their /i/nr^ «

Confirm the tidings, as they r^//j

And Jpread the /n^/ifr from ^^/f to ^^iSr.

IIL

f^baty tho* in Jolmnftlence all Q?>K»

Move r^i^»^ the dark terrcftrial ball ?

What tho' no real voice, nor found

Amid their radiant orbs be found ?

J n Reafon*s ear they ^ // rejoice^ Vb n e e 4%

And utter forth a glorious voice.

For ry^r Jinging, as they ^Z?/;/^,

'* The i?ij;f^, that Wi?^^ i^j, i$ divine,**

XVII.

76 LESSONS.

XVII.

DiscRiPTiON, fubliine and terrible.

The fight about Patroclus's body, broke off by
Achilles's appearing on the rampart, unarmed,
and calling aloud. ^Pope*s Hom. II. xviii. y,
41.]

2.

Admiha- m J^ HE hero rq/e,

TioN. pj^j. y^gis^ Pallas o'er his fhoulder throws i

Around his brows 2l golden cloud ihc/pready
A ftream of glory flam'd above bis head.
As when from fome beleagur'd town arife
The /mokes high-curling to the fhaded^/V/,
(Seen from fome ijland o'er the main afar
When men diftreft hang out the fign of war)
With long-proje5fed beams the fcas are bright^
And heav'ns wide arch reflects the ruddy light \
So from Achilles' head thtjplendors rije^
Reflefting^/tfz^ on blaze againftthey^w.
Forth march" d the chiefs and, diftant from the croud.
High on the rampart "* rais'd his voice aloud^

With

*» The reader will hardly need to be told that fuch mattcy
ought to be expreffed with a raifed <-jo'tci^

LESSONS. 77

With her own Jhout Minerva Jwells the founds

Troy Jiarts ajionijh'd, and the Jhores rebound. Terror.

As the loud trumpet's brazen mouth from far.

With Jhrilling clangor founds th' alarm of war,

So high his dreadful voice the hero rear'd ;

^Hofts drop' dt\it\T arms y zndtrembledzs theyheard; Trepida^

And bad the chariots roll, and courfers bounds tion.

Andfieeds and men lie mingled on xht ground.

jtgbaft they fee the living lightnings play^ Te r ror.

And turn their eye-balls from tht flajhing ray.

Thrice from the trench his brazen voice he raised;

And /i?nV^ xhty fled confounded and amaz'd.

Twelve in the tumult wedged, untimely rufl^'d

On their ownfpearsy by their ^w;/ chariots crufh*d :

VfhWc fhielded from the ^/^r/j, the Greeks obtain

The long'difputed car cafe of the flain. ^

' Thefe three lines to be fpoken quicker than the reil.

XVIII.

7«

LESSONS.

XVIIL

Complaint.

Humourous petition of a French gentlenuui tm
the king, who bad given him a title, to which
his income was not equal, by reafon o( the
weight of the taxes levied from his cftacc«
[Pins. Ino. Anc. Mod. p. 428^}

[After acknowledging the honour done him by
the king's conferring on him a title^ he goes
on as follows.}

Complaint. TT'OUR Majefty has only made me more

JL unhappy by giving me a title. For there is
nothing more ^///tfW^ than z gentleman loaded With
a knapfack. This empty found, which I was fuch

Vexation, zfool as to be ambitious of, does not keep away

hunger. I know well enough, that glory makes
us live after we are dead ^ but in this world, a man
has but a poor time on't, if he has not a bit of
bread to put in his mouth. I had but a little bit
of land on the banks of the Rhone, on which I
made a Jhift to live. But as it is now taxed^ any

Apyrehbn- ^^^y "^^y h^vc ic ^^^ ^^i ^or I fuppofe I IhalL
•ION. foon, with my ///// and efiate, be glad of an a^s^

houje for my Jeat. I have no re/ource, if there
. be a profccution commenced agwift me, as they

threaten^

LESSONS. 79

threaten, but in your Majcfty's goodne/s. If in-
deed, my fate is to be decided by that^ I am in Comport.
no danger, but fhall laugh at them all. If your
Msgefty were to fcize my poor patrimony whole, Depreca-
wbat would a few acres oimarjh-land be to the tion.
^mighty monarch of France and Navarre ? It B • Pomp.
bears nothing but willows, f and your Majefty f ^^^'
Tallies n^ trees, but the laurel. I, therefore, bejeech ^ Submu«
your Majefty to give me leave to enjoy what my ^ion.
Utile /pot brings in, without deduSion. All that a Intreat*
fmfubjeS aflcs of your Majefty is— That your ii*o-
Majefty would ajk nothing of him.

XIX.

Terrible Description.

IN elder days, ere yet the Roman bands Narb atio*.

Vi6h)rious, this our diftant world fubdu'd,
A Jpacious city ftoody with jirmeft walls
Sure mounded, and mth numerous turrets crowned.
Aerial ^ires and citadels, the feat
Of kings and heroes rejolute in war ;
faw^d Ariconium ; untontrourd and free.
Till all-fubduing Latian arms prevail' d*
Then likcvrife, tho' to foreign yoke fubmifs,,
VnleveVd Ihe remained -, and cv'n till now
Perhaps had ftood, of antient Britifh art
A pleafing monument, not lefs admir'd
Than what from ^/V^ or Etrufcan hands

Arofe;:

So LESSONS.-

Awe. Arofc j had not the beav'nfy powers avcrfc

Narra- Decreed her final doom. And now die fields

T ION

Labour' d "With tbirft. Aquarius had not Ihed
His wonted JhowWsy and Sirius parch*d, with bedi
Soljlitial the green berb. Hence 'gan relax
The earth's contexture. Hence Tartarian dregs^

Horror. Sulpbur^ 2Lnd nitrous fpumef enkindlingjferr^,

Bellozv'd tremendous in her darkfome caves^
More dijmal than the loud difploded roar
Of brazen enginry, that ceafelefs ftorm
The baftion of a well-built city, deem'd
Impregnable. Th* infernal winds, till nour
Clojely imprifoned, by Titanian warmth
Dilating^ and with unSuous vapour fed,
Di/dain*d thtir narrow cells j and, theiry«//ftrength
Collefting, from beneath. the folidmals
Upbeav'dj and all her caftles rooted deep
Shook from their loweft feat. Old Vaga*s ftream,
Forc'd by the iu(^dtnfl)ockj her wonted track
Forjooky and drew her humid train aflope.
Wrinkling her banks. And now the lowering Jly
The baleful lightnings and loud thunder, voice
Oi angry heavny fierce roaring, with difmay

Tr HP I D A- The boldejl hearts appal'd. • Where (hould they turn

TioN- Diftrefs'd ? Whence feek for aid ? When from below

Hell threatens-, and when fate/upreme gives ^gns'

1)gspAiR. Of wrath and dejolation. Vain were vows.

And

' To be fpoken quick from the words^ Wbtre fiouU» xm
Jefilation,

AWB.

LESSONS. 8s

kxA plaints J and fuppliant hands to heav'n crcft !

Yetfomc to temples fled, and humble rites CoNriMft.

Pcrform'd to Tbor and Woden^ fabled gods.

Who with their votWies in one ruin (har'd,

Overwhelmed ^nd crii/h^J. Others m frantic mood, Trepida-j

Run bowling through thcjireets. Their hideous

Rend the dark welkin. Horror Jlalks around Horror.
^Mftaring, and his/^?^ concomitant
Defpair, of ^4/^5 look . At e v*ry gate Tr i f i d a-

The thronging populace with i&^j^ftrides
frck furious i and, too eager of cfcape,
ObfiruH the fpatious way. The rocking ftreet
Deceives their footjleps. To and fro they reel
4floniJb% as with '^/^tf overcharged. When lo ! Horror/
The parched earth her riven mouth difparts,
ttifrihle chafm profound I With fwift defceiit
Oliyfriconium Jinks i and all her tribes,
HtroeSy 2LndfenatorSy down to the realms
Ofejidlefs night. Meanwhile tlje loofen'd winds
Infuriate^ molten rocks and globes oifiri
, Hurl high above the clouds \ till all their force
Csnjum'd, her ravenous jaws, earth, fatiate, r/wV^

{A. Philips 1

G XX- Rx

8^ LESSONS.

Ridicule^

Swiff % on TranHibftantiation*. [Tale op a

Tub, Sea. IV.]

Scene Lord Peter's houfe ; a table caTered> wi^
plates, knives, and forksj and a brown loaf in
the middle of the table.

Lord Peter, Martin^ Jack.

Die TAT. Pctcr^ j^READ^ gentlemen, bread isxhtfiajf
*"°* oilife. In bread is contained, i>r^//i/?xf^,

the quint ejfence of heef^ muttm^ vtaly venijon^ par*
tridgey plumb-puddingy and cujlardi 2^d, to render
all complete^ there is intermingled a dye quantitjT
of water^ whofe crudities are correUed by yeafty
and which therefore becomes, to all intents and
purpofeSy a wbole/ome fermented liquor, diffufed
through the mafs of the breads Therefore, he

who

* A pupil, in order to his expreiCng properly 4liis leflbn^
niuft be let a little into the author's plot ; ^at by Peter is
meant the Pope ; by Martin the Ludieran church; and. by
Jack, the Calvinifb. That, in this pailage, he expofes the
do6bine of the watfer's bdng tranfubftantiated into the real
body of Chrifi; the papiUs refuiing the cup to the laity;
the arroganoe of the Popes; and the evils ari£ag fiom per*
fecttdon.

LESSONS. 83

"Who cats breads at the fame time eats the heft of

yJW, and drinks the beft (A liquors. Come otiy bro- iNvinwot

thers, the caufe is good -y fall to, and fpare not.

Here is a (houlder of excellent Banftead mutton

[pointing to the brown loaf] as ever was cut with

knife. Here you may cut and come again. Bur,

now I think on it, 1 had better help you my/elf^

flow my hand is in. Young people are baJbfuL

Omne, brother Martin, let me help you to this

Jiice.

Martin. My lord! [fo Petec ordered his bro- Surprise;
tKcrs to call him] I doubt, yf'ith great fui/mijion, Submis-
H^re is iorcit little miftake. In my humble ....

Peter, ff^at, you are merry ?. Come then, let us Pbvishnbss^
t^ar thisjeft, your head is fo big with.

Martin. 'No}e& indeed, my lord. But unlefs I Submis*
5Un very much deceived, your lordfhip was pleafed, *'^""
. ^ little while ago, to drop a word about mutton 1
<nd I Ihould be glad to fee it upon the table.

Peter. Hnv ! I don t comprehend you. Pbevish*

Jack. Why, my lord, my brother Martin, I Submm-
fuppofe, is hungry y and longs to fee the Jboulder of
Banftead mutton^ you fpoke of, come to table.

Peter. Pray, explain yourfelves, gentlemen. Peivish;
Either you are both out of your wits, or are dif-
pofed to be merry a little unfeajonably . You had
better keep your jokes till after dinner. Brother Recollect
Martin, if you don't like the Jlice I have helped ^*^^'
you to, I will cut you another ; though I (hould
think it the choice bit of the whole jhoulder.

G 2 Martin^,

TION.

84 LESSONS.

Quest. Martin. What then, my lord, is this ir^wH,

WovpBu. /(7^a ihoulder of Banflead mutton all this while I
Reproving. Peter. Pray, Sir, leave off your impertinence^

and eat your viSuals if you pleafe. I am not
difpofed to relijh your wit at prefent.
Affirm A- Martin. May I then, my lord, he/ou/edaver

bead and ears in a borje-pond^ if it fcems to my .
eyes^ myfingersy my noje, or my teetb^ either lejfs
or morey than a (lice of a ftale fixpenny bro^n
loaf.

Jack. If I evefjaw a Jhoulder oi mutton in my
/i/J? look Jo like 3, fixpenny brown loaf, I am an
old baJket'Woman.

Peter. Look you, gentlemen, to convince you,
what a couple of blind, pojitive, ignorant puppies ^
you are, I will ufe but one plain argument. The
d — / roajl both your fouls on his gridiron to all
eternity, if you don't believe tbis [clapping his.
hand upon the brown loaf] to be 2l Jhoulder of as
giod mutton as ever ^disfold in Leadenball-market.
Martin. Why, truly, upon more mature con--

fideration

Jack. Why, ay, now I have thought better

on the thing, your lordlhip feems to be in the

right.

Recoscim- Peter. O now you are come to yourf elves. Boy,

^'•^** fill me a bumper of ^/^r^f/. Come, brothers, here

is good health to you both.
Sub MIS. Martin and Jack. Thank your good lordfhip^

»'*^«- and fhall be glad 10 pledge you.

3 Peter.

ItBPRaVINC.

EXECRA-

Vjon.

R

Rkcollhc-

TION.

LESSONS.. 85

Pcten That yau Jhally my boys. I am not a

man to refufe you any thing in reajon. A moderate
'glafsof wine is a cordiaL There. [Giving them Giving.

acruft each.] There is a bumper a ^/>r^ for you.

True natural juice of the grape. None of your

nafty balderdajh vintners brewings. — What now I Surprize.

[Obfcrying them to ftare.] Arc you at your

doubts tf^arff .^ Here^ boy. Call neighbour Domi- Thr batik-

»V' xhcilaekfmith here. Bid him bring his tongs ^^°'

with him. Red -hot — d'ye heat;. /V/ teach you

to doubt.

^Martin. *Come, Jack. This houfc is like to Trepida-
be too hot for you and me foon. He is quite rav- ^*°^'
ing mad. Let's get away'' z&faft as we can.

Jack. A plague on his crazy bead. If ever I
put my nofe within his door again, may it be
f inched off in good eameft. [Exeunt running.]

1

Saint Dominic was the inventor of the inqiiiiition.
* To be fpoken quick to the end.
7 Separation of the Protcdants from the Romiih church*

G 3 XXI.

86 LESSONS.

XXI.
Exhortation.

i

Prologue to Cato, hj Mr. Pope.

Te A c H I V G . ^TT^O wake the feu I by tender firckes of art \

jL To raije the genius, and to mend the beari^i
Courage. To make mankind in ccnjcicus virtue bold.

Live o'er CTLzhJcene, and be what they behold i .
Teachihc. For tbis the tragic mufc firft trcd thtflage,

Commanding tears to Jtream through ty'ry age^,

Tyrants no more their /avage nature kf pti
Wonder. And foes to virtue wondered how they wept.
Contempt. * Our author fliuns by vulgar fprings to move^

The hero's glory, or the virgin's love.

In p tying love, we but our weaknejs (hew.

And wild ambition well dejerves its woe.
Exciting. Uere tears ^'sMiflow from a more gerCrous caufc,

«y«ri> tears as patriots fhed for ^/k^^j: laws.

He

* The words mend ^z heart may be cxpreffed with the righi
hand laid upon the breajl.

*■ I quciUon, whether all readers of this line \Our author
puns, &c.] underftand it as the author meant i:. The fenie,
in plain profc, would be, *' Our author thinks it beneath lym
" to endeavour to afFeft you by the common fubje^l of tragic
*' diib-efs, as the fall of a prince or (latcfman, or the misfor*
'• tunes occafioned by love/*

LESSONS.

He bids your breajl with ancient ardors rifcy
And calls forth Roman drops from Briiijb eyes.
Virtue confeft in human Jbape he draws^
What PUio thought y and godlike Cato was ;
No comm$M obje^ to your fight difplays i
But what with pleafure Heaven itjelf/urveys^
A have man ftruggling in the ftorms of fate,
hiA greatly falling with 2i falling ftate.
While Cato gives his little fenate laws.
What bofom^ beats not in his country's caufe?
Who fees him aS, but envies ev'ry deedf '
Who hears him groan, and does not wift) to bleed?
Ev'n when proud Cafar 'midft triumphal cars^
Thc/poils c£ nations, and the^0)9ip of wars,
Ignobly vain, and impotently great,
Shcw'd Rome her Cato' s figure drawn in ftatc.
As \^x AtzA father* s rev' rend image paji.
The pomp was darkened, and the ^iiy o'ercaft \
The triumph ceased. Tears guflfd from ry'ry ^^ j
The worUr% great "z//^?^ pafs'd unheeded by.
Her /^ good man deje^ed Rome adored.
And honoured Cafar's lefs than Cato'sfword.

Britons attend. Be tK^^/i^ like this approved.
And fliew, you have die virtue^ to be nun/d.
With boneftfcom the firfl: fam'd Cato view'd
Rome learning arts from Greece, whom fktfubdu^d.

G 4 Our

^ Tlie words, Xf'^i&tf/ ^0^ ^4// mf» may be fpokcn with
tltt right hand preiTed to the breaft.
^ So may the word, virtut.

87

Venera-
tion.

Awe.

EsTIBItf.

Earnest*

NESS«

Contempt,

Dejection.

Grief.
Contempt*

Grief.
TsacbinO«

Contempt*

'JL

68 LESSONS.

Our fccnc prccarioufly fubfifts too long
On FriPtcb tranflatioUy and Italian Jong.
|(jiciTiNo. Diiri to \\^^c Jinje yourfelves : AJfert ihcftage^

Ktjtijlly warm' J with your own native rage.
SHib plays alone fhould pleafc a Britijb ear,
A» CHf'sJilf had not dijdain'd to i&^tfr».

XXII.

I loiUvMirous fccnc between Dennis the critic (fa^
txiioddiv nr| relented by Swift, as mad) and the

i^ccne Dennis's garret.

l\i\::i*. Doctor, Nurfe, Untot the bookfclkri

and another author.

Dennis. [Looking wife, and bringing out his
word^ flowiy and formally.]

2?iV/'L/ic£, Dv^fccr, that it fare not with jfw,

as it did with your predccciror, the famuu

///rr.-iTj.Vj, whom the miiidken citizensof .-^bdcni

fccu tor, in thii r^* nj^yur^ to cure the philolb-

r#i»»- P^^^ l\^^:c^:*"::S. I le returned :\:H o{ admzraiicn

a: ti.e ;:• ' \:. /•? o^ the perfon, whom he hai fup-
potl'd a *\tf:jtL\ 5/i?,.J, Doiior, it was tirau that
y/r.^/iV.V r;V^>y, and ail the great antientSy fpcnc

thcif

pr^*iiiv<'

LESSONS. 89 .

their days and night Sy wrapped up in critictfmi and
hefet all round widi their own writings. , As for
me^ be affured, / have no difeaje^ befides z, /welling
\n my legSy of which I fay nothing, fince your art
tnay farther certify you.

Dofton Pray, Sir, how did you contraH this Questioh.

Jwelling f

Dennis. By criticijm.

Doftor. By cfiticijm! That's a diftemper I Wondeiu
have never beard nor read of.

Dennis. Deatbj Sir ! A diftemper ! It is no Suddbk
diftemper i hut znoHe art. I have fat fourteen Ang^"^-
hours a day at it, and zrcyou zdoStory and don't Contemft.
know, that there is a communication between the
^rain and the legs f

DoAor, What made you lit fo many hours. Quest.

Sir?

Dennis. CatOy Sir.

Do&or. Sir, I fpeak of your ^j^^»if ^r. What Earnest.'
gave you this tumour ?

Dennis. CatOy CatOy Cato\ Peevish.

Nurfc. For God^s/akey Doftdr, name not this Intrbat.
rvil/pirit J it is the whole cauje of his madnefs.
Alas ! poor mafter will have \i\s fits, again. Grief..

[Almoft crying.]

Lintot, Fits! with a pox! A man may well Wonder.
Jiave fits, and fwell'd legSy that fits writing/(?«r-

teen

P fie publifhed remarks on Cato> in the year 1712.

90

QoiST«

WONDEK,.

PlIVISB-

Cavtiov*

INO.

QuiST.

TSACAtKC.

Pride and
Anoer.

AUTHO-

LESSONS.

iem hours in a ^^. The Remarks^ the Remmrks^
have brought ii// his complainis upon him.

Dodor. The Remarks ! What are /i^o' ?

Dennis. Death! Have you never read my
Remarks? Til be bang'd\(x3[iv& niggardly bockfM^
has advertifed the book as it ihould have been.

Lintot. Not advertife it, quotha ! Pox I I have
laid out pounds zhcr pounds in advertifing. There
has been as much done for the book, as could be
done for any book in Cbriftendom.

Doftor. We had better not talk of books^ Sir,
I am afraid they are the fuel that feed his deliri^
urn. Mention books no more.

I defire a word in private with this gendenwi.
I fuppofe. Sir, you are his apothecary.

Gent. Sir, I ara hi& friend.

Doftor. I doubt it not. What regimen have
you ohjervedy fince he has been under your care ?
You remember, I fuppofe, the pafiage in Celfus^
which fays, " If the patient on the third day,

have an interval, Jujpend the medicaments at

night.** hct fumigations be ufcd to corroborate
the brain. I hope you have, upon no account,
promoted flernutation by Hellebore ?

Gent. Sir, you mifiake the matter quite.

Dodtor. What ! An apothecary tell 2LphyficiaH

he mijiakes ! Tou pretend to difpute my prefcrip^

tion! Pharmacopeia componat. Aiedicus folus pr^^

Jcribat. Fumigate him, I fay, this very evenings

while he is relieved by an interval.

2 Dennis.

ti

cc

LESSONS* 91

Deams. Death j Sir ! Do you take my friend Anger.
(k m apothecary ! A man o( genius 2nd learning
fi)r ao apothecary ! Know, Sir, that this gentle- Autho-
man profeffes, like myfelf, the two noile^ fciences ^^'^^'
ia the univcrfe, Criticifm and Poetry. By the
immortals, he him/elf \^ author oi three whole p^-
ragrapbs in my Remarks, had a hand in my Public
Spirit, and aflifted me in my defcription of the
Furies and infernal regions in my Appius.

lintot. He is an author. You mifiake thd
gcmleoian. Doctor. He has been an author thefe
twenty years, to his hokfeller's knowledge^ if to Skbir.
no one's elfe.

Dennis, Is dl the town in a combination ? Shall Vexation.
poetry fzll to the ground ? Muft our reputation in
foreign countries ht quite loft? Odeftru£lion! Per^ Anguish.
^tion ! Curfed Opera ! Confounded Opera */ As poe*
try onct raifed cities, {Oy when poetry fails, cities
n overturned, and the world is no more.

Do&or. He raves, he raves. He muft be Anxiety,
pitnened, he mufl: be ft r ait -waift coated, that he
^nay do no mif chief.
Dennis, O I zmftck ! I am^^ir to death. Vexation.

Doctor. That is a goodfymptom^ a very good Comfort.
Symptom. To be fick to death (fays the modern
theory) isfymptcmapraclarum. When a patient is
Jenfible of his pain, he is half cured. Pray, Sir, of Qp»«t.

iobat are you ftck ? ^

Dennis.

* He wrote a Treadfe to prove, that the decay of public
ilprk proceeds from the Italian Opera.

92

Pbivish-

OU9V£SS*

Pbivxsb.

PlKBCT-

mo.
Jbar.

Anxiety.

Dirbct-

IKC.

Anxiety.

LESSONS.

Dennis. Of every thing. Of w^ry /A/»gf. I
am fick odhtJentimentSy of the diSfion, of thc/r^-
/4^j, of the epUafisy and the cataftropbe. — Alas fi>r
the /^ drama ! The ^m/»tf is no more. ,

Nurfe. If you want a dramj Sir, I will bring
you a couple of penn'orths of ^i> in a minute. Mr,
Lincot has drank the laft of the noggin.

Dennis. Jcandalous want I O Jhameful onuf-
Jton I By all the immortals^ here is not i^^tjhadow
of a peripcetia ! No change of fortune in the tragedy.

Nurfe. Prtfj', Sir, don't be uneafy about change.
Give me xht Jixpence^ and Til get you change im-
nicdiately at the gm-Jhop next door.

Doftor. Hold your ^^iir^, good woman. His
fit increqfes. We muft call for help. Mr. Lin-
tot, a hold bimt pfay. [Doftor gets behind

Lintot.]

Lintot. Plague on the man ! I am afraid he is
really mad. And, if he he, who, the devil, wiU
buy the Remarks ? I wifli [fcratching his head]
he had been bejb—t, rather than I had meddled
with his Remarks.

Doftor. He muft ufe the cold bath, and be
cupped on the head. Thejymptoms feem dejperate.
Avicen fays, " If learning be mixed with a brain^

that is not of a contexture fit to receive it, the

brain ferments, till it be totally exhaufied.*' We
muft endeavour to eradicate thefe indigefied ideas
out of the pericranium, and to reftore the patient
to a competent knowledge of bimfelf

Dennis..

€€

€€

LESSONS. 93

Dennis. C^tiffsftandoff! Unhand mtmifcnants! Fury
[ThcDoftor, the Nurfe, and Lintot, run out of p ^^
the room in a hurry^ and tumble down the garret
ftairs all together.] Is the man whofe labours are
calculated to bring the town to reafon^ mad ? Is
the man, who fettles poetry on the bafis of ami*
^kityy mad? See Longinus in my right hand, and
Mftoile in my left ! [Calls after the Doftor, the
bookfeller, and the nurfe, from the top of the
ftairs.] / am the only man among the moderns,
that fupport the venerable antients. And am I to
be ajfaffinated ? Shall a iookfeller, who has lived
upon my labours^ take away that life to which he
owes his Juffcrt ? [Goes into his garret, and
fiiuts the door.]

XXIIL

AoORATIOIf.

Milton's Morning Hymn, [Parad. Lost. B. v,

V. 153.]

THESE are thy glorious works. Parent oigood V e n i r a-

jllmighty ! Thine this univerfal frame^ '^*°*"

Thus wondrous fair ! Thyfelf how wondrous then A d m i r a-

Un- '^'°*-

' •' Thjffilf how iven^roBs,^* Sec] The fcnfc in profe would
be, " If thy works be fo wonderfully excellent, thine own ori-
** ginal excellence is unfpeakable and inconceivable." It is

nor^

ji

94 LESSONS.

Venera^ Vnjpeakahle ! who fitt'ft above the heav'ns^

TioN. ^^ ^^ invijiile, or dimly ktn

In (hcfc thy lowejl works ; yet /i&g^ declare

LovB Thy goodnefs beyond thought^ and /^te^V divini.

Vbk BR ^/^^^^> ^'^ who *(j/^ can /f //, ye/wf j of %it/,

Sacrxd Angels ! For^ye behold him, and mth/ongi

Rapture. ^^d tboralfympbffnieSy day without WfA/,

Circle his throne rgoicbg. ** 1> in heaven I

On ^tfr/i& join all ye creatures to ev/^/

M;9i firft. Him laft, ///>0 midft^ and without end.

Faireft oiftarsy laft in the train di nighty

If better thou belong not to the dawn^

Sure pledge o( day, ihzz crown* ft xht Jmiling morn

With thy bright circlet ! pfaife him in thy fphett^

While morn arifcs, th^t/weet hour of prime.

Apmir. * Thou,/un, of this great world both eye and foul,

AcknoW'

not, I believe, generally imderftood fo, dife readers wbnld not
(as I have heard many) make a panfe between the word theB
and tti^peakabU.

K The reader need fcarce be told, that fuch matter ought
to be exprefTed with as much fmoothnefs and liquidity of attar«>
ancc as poflible.

* «* Te in hea'o^n.*' This is generally ill pointed. Tl^fe

words are a complete fentence. The meaning is, <' I call fft

' * " you [Angels] to praife God in your celeflial halrit^i§mn**

And then the poet goes on to call on the terreftrials to joia

tkeir humble tribute.

' " Thou,yi«, of this," &c.] To be fpoken a little more
ore rotundo, ox fuU-montbtd^ than the foregoing, to image tkv
ftupendous greatnefs of a world of fire> equal, as fuppoftd b/
aftronomers, to a million of earths.

LESSONS. 95

Ackm^A^dglt JSiH Ay griat€r. Smndhk^mft Lowlt
In thy eternal etmr/e, both when tbou elimi% fioHr**
And when JUgh neM haft gaif^d^ and when tfao«

/att'Ji
Moon, that now meet'^ the onent/Mn, niomjfy'ft R'aptuai.
Widi iS^cfix'dfiarjy fix'd in their fp&ere on ifri^ir^
And ye Bre cfAyct'Wand'ring orbsy that move
In myfticddnce, Mt toithQUt Jong ! refound
HU praife, who out of darknefs call'd up light.
jlir, and ye elements ^ the eldeft Urtb
Of nature's womby that in quaternion run
Perpetual drckj multiform*, znAmix
And nwrijb all things ; let yoin- ceaJeUJs change
Vary to our /r^^/ Maker ftill »^a; praise.
Ye i9i^^ and exhalations^ that now rife
From iti^ or fteaming /0/(:^, dufiy^ or grey ^
Till the fun paint your Jleeeyjkirts with ^oA/j^
In honour to the world's great Author rife ;
Whether to i£f ^ ifc with r/01/i/j th' uncolour^djky^
Or ri^^ wiA falling JbowWs the /W^ ground^
Rifing oxfalHng^fiiU adrance his p'aife.
His praife, ye winds, that from four quarters ^/0tv
BroMhtfoft or /l^if 1 and ^e^t;^ your /^/^ yt pines ,
With iv*ry plant y in fign oiworfi^ waive.
Fmstains; a6d ye that warUey as ytjhwy
Melodious murmursy warbling tune his praife.
Join ^oieesy dl ye living fouls. Ye ^/f ^jr.
Thai jfMp'flf^ up to heav'n's Ugh gate afeend.
Sear on your wings, and in your nr^/^j, hhprai/e.

Te that in te^tf/^j r//i/if j and ye that ^tf/i(

The

I

96 LESSONS*

The earthy zndjiately treads or lowly creeps
Witnejsy if / befilent^ morn or ev^riy
To bill, or valley, fount aitiy oxfrejb Jhade , i
Made vocal by my fong, and taught his prdi/e^
Pi oFouKD Hail univerjal Lord ! Be bounteous ftill,
tiON. ' To give us only good*, and if the night

Have gathered aught ofevil, or conceal'd.
Di/per/e it, as now i&jf the ^lar/fe dijpels.

•. • ■

xxrv.

i

P££VISHN£SS«

The fcene between Priuli, a Venetian fenator,
Jaffier, who had nnarried his daughter without
his confent, and being afterwards reduced tx^
poverty, and foliciting his father-in-law to rt«
lieve his diftrefs, receives the following treat-
ment, [Venice Preserved.]

Priuli and Jaffier.

Pi BY. •'^''* TVT^ more! V\\ hear no more. Be gci$e^

X^ and leave me. /

CouRAci. Jaff. Not hear me ! By my fufFerings but ^tt.

JhaU.
My lord I my lord ! I am not that abjeit wretcb *
Rbmon. You think me. Where's the difference throws noo

back
So far behind you, that I muft not/peak to you^- •*

Pr.

LESSONS. 97

Pr. Have you not wronged mc ? Peevish.

JafF. Could my nature e'er Courage.

But have endur*d the thought of doing wrong,
I need not now thus low have bent myfelf
To gain a bearing from a cruel father. Digtrbss,

You cannot Jay that I have ever wronged yoyy. Rbmon.

Pr. I fay, you Ve wron^d me in the nicefi pointy Peevish,
The honour of my houfe. You can^t defend
Vour lajenejs to me. When you firft came home Remon.
From travel, I with open arms receiv'd you,
Plcas'd with your Jeeming virtues j fought tQ raife

you.
My boufei my tabUy fortune ^ all was yours.
And, in requital of my beji endeavours ^ Chiding,

Xou treacberoufly pradtis'd to undo mc \
Seduced t\i^ joy of my decli?ting age,
My only cbild, and ftole her from my iofom.

JafF. Is this your gratitude to him y^ho fav'd Remon.
Your daughter's life ? You i:«^«;, that, but for me.
You had been cbildlefs. I reflor'd her to you, Sblf-De-
When/ir»;5: before your eyes amidfl: the waves, ^^nce.
I hazarded my life for hers ; and ^<?
Has ricbly paid me with her generous love.

Pr. You y?^/^ her from me, like a tbief you Reproach.
ftole her, ^^o.

At dead of ;fif i/. That a/r/^^ hour you chafe
Xo rj/fe me of all my heart held dear.
But xtizy your joy in her y.vovi falfe as ;»//;^. Execra-

May the z&^xr^ /&^;/^/ oi pinching poverty tion.

O.pprejs and |tiW you ; till at laft you find

H The

98 LESSONS.

The curje of difohedience all your fortune.
C B X D I N c . Homey and be humble. Study to retrench.

Dif charge the lazy vermin of thy hall,
Tho^G pageants of thy folly.
Reduce the glittering trappings of thy wife
To humble weeds y fit for thy narrow ft ate.
Then to (omt fuburb-cottage both retire.
And with your ftarveling brats enjoy your mifery.
llomcy homCy I fay, [Exit.]

XXV.

Contempt of the comnnon objedbs of purfuic*

From Mr. Pope's Essay on Mak.

T L A e ii I X G . PfO NO UR and Shame from no condition rife ;

Aft well your part: There all the honour lies.
Fortune in men hzsfomcf mall difference made;
One flaunts in rags ; one flutters in brocade i
The cobler apron' d^ and th^ par/on gown' d -^
The friar hooded^ and the monarch crowned.

Qu EST* ' /-r>&^/ diflfer more (you cry) than crown and cowl?*

Inform- *" J'H tell you, friend ! A wife man and a/^^/.

"'^- Youll

^ This line [" I'll ft!! you, friend," &c.] may be exprefled
in a Ibrt of important lalf-av/^i/per, and with figniiicaat Aci/,
and wi/r, as if a grand y^tr^f/ wa:> told.

LESSONS. 99

You'll fnJy if once the wi/e man afts the monki Teachikc.

•

Or> iobler-like^ the par/on will be drunk j

ifVorih makes the many su^d^want of it the t Afproba-

fellow i « Con.

Thcr^ is all but leather ox prunella. tempt.

5/«fifc ©V with titleSy and hungr oundnAxki firings y Sj^eer.
T^bat thou may'ft be by kings y or whores of irw^J.
JBcij^ the ^i^r^ W(?d?^ of an illufirious race Co n t e jm r t*

In quiet flow from Lucrece tp Lucrece :
But by your father's worth if_}»c«r's you rate.
Count me thofe only, who were good and ^^tf/.
Go ! if your ancient y but ignoble bloody
Has crept throughfcoundrels ever fince the flood :
Go ! and pretend, your family isyoung ;
Nor own, your fathers have been fools fo long.
What can ennoble /^/j, or flaves, or cowards ?
Alas ! not ^7/ the blood of all the Howards.
Look next on greatnejs. Say, where greatne/s Qx^^i^
lies?
Where, but among the heroes and the wj/J? /* Sneer.

Heroes are all the fame y it is agreed.

From Macedonia's madman to the Swede. Contempt.

The "^YioX^ ftrange purpofe of their lives to find,
^ Or make an ^//^wj of all mankind.
Not ^;?^ looks backward : onward ftill he goes j
Tct ne'er looks forward farther than his No/e.

Hi No

' I have put a par^/c after ma^f, though contrary to general
rules, to mark the ^intiihffis between fnd and make, more
diftind^y.

too

Remok.

AV£RM0N.

Approba-

TIOK. .

Admir^

Superior

NfiGLECT.

CONT.

Approbat.

LESSONS.

No Ids alike the falitic and wje ;
" All^, fiovD things, with circumfpeSHve eyes.
Men in their hofey unguarded hours they tala ;
Not that tbemfelves are wife i but others weak.
But grant that /i^ can conquer i theje -can ^ivir/s
'Tis phrafe abfurd to call a villain great.
Who wickedfy is wj/ir, or miii/^ brave^
Is but the more a/(?^/, die ^^^ a knave.
Who »^^/^ ^»i/j by /i^W^ mr^ffj obtains^
Or, failing, Jmiles in exile, or in cbaiHSy
Like good Aurelius let him r^/f» ; tnr ^/fr^
Like Socrates y that man is ^^«/ indeed.

What's /tf;»r ? Kfancy^dlife, in others' hreatbi
A thing beyond us, ev'n ^^r^ our </if^ifr.
Juft what you ifr^^r's your own 5 and what's «»•

known.
The fame (my lord !) if Tull/s, or your own.
Ally that we feel ° of it, ^^'^w and ^^j.
In the /mall circle of our foes, or friends ;
To all befidesy as much an empty fbade.
An Eugene livingy as a C^r i/^^ ^ ^
Alike or when, or where, they fbone, orpine.
Or on the Rubicon, or on the Rhine.
A ^//*s ^ feather, and a chief sl rod;
A bcnefl man's the iro^/^ work of God.

Fame,

m €t

All ^^'i .Aw things," to be jfronounced very /iwfy,
and with a cu$ming look*

" " Jli that *wi/eel,** Ifc. to be cjtprcflcd with Ac
Ufand laid upon (he ^r/^.

LESSONS.

FamCi^ but from death a viliain's name can favc^
, h&juftict tears his ^^i^ from the grave ;
When wha^t t' oblivion better were rcfign'd.
Is hwg on i^i^i& to poifon half mankind.
All fame Is foreign i but of true dejert ;
P/^ir roufid the bead\ but ^^;^j (lot to the beart^.
Ontfel/^apfnyving hour whoU years outweighs
^ftupidfi^rersy and of loud huzzas j
And more true joy Marcellus exil'd feekj
Than de/ar with 2L/enate at his heels.

In parts fuperior what advantage lies ?
Tell (for you can) what is it to be wife ?
Tis but to knowy how little can be known j
To fee all others' faults, and feel our own :
Condemned in bus'nejs^ or in arts^ to drudge
Without 2kJecQndy and without z judge,
truths would you teachy oxjave 2l Jinking land^
All fear \ none aid you-, znd few underjiand.
Painful pre-eminence ! yourielf to view
Above life's weaknefs, and its comforts too.

Bring thtn thefe bleffings to 2ijlri3 account ;
Make/tfir deduSions : fee to what they mount.
How much of other each is fure to coji ;
How each for other oft is wholly loji j
How inconfiftent greater goods with thefe i
How fometimes life is rifqu'd, and always eafe ;

H 3 Think.

lOI

AvERSlOll.

Blamikg.

supbrior
Neglect.

Contempt.

Admir.

Contempt.

Quest.
Respect.

Concern.

Suffering.
Arguing.

'' comes not to the hearti'* to be fpoken with the
right hand\ii\dL upon the breafi. Aid-—** Marcellos txiPd
feels," below.

102

Quest.
Contempt.

Concern.

Contempt.

Aversion*
Teaching.

LESSONS.

ThJnk. And if//// fuch things thy envy call,
Say, would'ft thou be the man to whom thty fall ?
To figh for ribbands if thou art fo filly,
Mark how they grace Lord Umbra^ or Sir Bilfy^
\s yellow dirt the paffion of thy life ?
Look but on Gripus, or on Gripus' wife.
If parts allure thee, think how Bacon fliin'd.
The wi/ejli brigbtejl, meaneji of mankind :
Or ravifh-d with the wbiftling of a name.
See Cromwell damn'd to everlafting fame :
If all united thy ambition call,
From antientfiory learn to f corn them alK

XXVI.

Cj^owNiSH Bashfulness, and Awkwardness,

Foolish

WOXDER.

Quest.

Thf meeting between Humphry Gubbin, and
Mr. Pounce. [Tenp. Husb.]

Humph. TTOW prettily this park is (locked
A J- withfoldierSi and deer, and ducks,
and ladies.— Ha ! Where are the oldfeVows gone ?
Where can they ^^trow? FU a(k thefe people*
— A - a a • you pretty young gentleman [to
Fain love] did you fee Vat her ?

Fain. Your father. Sir ?

Humph.

LESSONS. 103

Humph. Ey, my Father^ a weezk-fyaced, crojs
old gentleman wixhjfindle-jbanks ?

Fain. No, Sir.

Humph. A crab-ftick in his hand.

Pounce. We have met no body with thefe
"Snarks, But/urey I have fecn you before. — Arc Attin.
3iot you Mr. Humphry Gubbin^ fin and heir to Sir Quest.
.flarry Gubbin ?

Humph. £y, ey^ an that were all, Tfe Ki^fon ;
but how lung I (hall be his beiry I can'i tell : for
^ talks o' difinberiting on ma every day.

Pounce. Dear Sir, I am glad to fee you. I Jov.
have had a defire to be acquainted with you ever
fince I faw you clencb your fift at your father,
when his back was turned toward you. I love a
young man oijprit.

Humph. Why, Sir, would it not vex a man Vexatxoi
to the very bearty bloody and guts on him, to have
a crabbed old {tllovf/nubbing a body every minute
before company ?

Pounce. Why, Mr. Humphry, he ufes you Excitinc
like a boy.

Humph. Like a boyy quotha! He ufes me Complai
like a dog. A lays me on now and then, e'en as
if a were a breaking a bound to the game. — -
You can't think what a tantrum a w^s in this
looming, becaufe I bpggled a little at marrying
my own born couftn. •

Pounce. A man can't be too fcrupulous'y Mr. Caution

IN G

Jluqfiphry j a man can't be too /crupulous.

H 4 Humph,

I04

Complain-
ing.

Quest.

Curiosity.

Won PER.

Infor.

Jot,

Quest.
Infor.

Vexation.

Quest.
JirroR.

LESSONS.

, Humph. Why, Sir, I could as foc^n love my
Gvfnflejh and blood. We ftiould fqukbblc like
brother zwAftfier^ not like man and "doife. Do you

think "^tjhouldnot^ Mr. . Pray, gentlemen,

may I crave your names ?

Pounce. Sir, I am the very per/ort, that has
been employed to draw up the articles of mar^
riage bttw^tn you and your coujin.

Humph. Ho, ho ! fay you fo ? Then nnay-
bap, you can tell one fome things one wants to

know. A— a — Pray, Sir, what ejlyeate ^raX

heir to ?

Pou nee. To fifteen hundred pounds a year^ in -
tailed ejlate.

Humph. 'Sniggers! Vik glad on\ with all ny
heart. And — a— a— can you fatisfy ma in om^
other quejiion — Pray, how aid be I ?

Pounce. "Three and twenty laft march.

Humph. Plague on it! As Jure as you are
there, they have kept ma back. I have been
told, by goody Clack^ ox goody Tipple^ I dan't
know which, that I was born the very year the
ftone pig^Jlye was built i and every body knows
xh^pig'Jlye in the back dole is three and twenty
year old. I'll be duck'd in a hcrje-pcndy if here
has not been tricks play'd ma. But pray. Sir,
mayn't I crave your name ?

Pounce. My name. Sir, is Pounce, at your
fervice.

Humph*

LESSONS. 105

Humph. Pounce with a P-

Pounce. Yes, Sir, and Samuel with an S.
Humph. Why then, Mr. Samuel Pounce^ Earnest-
[chuckling, and wriggling, and rubbing his hands ^^^^'
camcftljr] do you know any clever gentlewoman
of your acquaintance, that you think I could like^
For ril be banged like a dog^ an I han't taken a
right down averjion to nny coufin, ever Cnce Vather

propofcd her to ma. And fince every body

knows I came up to be marriedy I fhou'd not
care to go down again with zfea in my ear, and
look balJCdy d*ye fee.

Pounce. I After a paufe.] Why, Sir, I have a Ploxtiwc.
thought juft come into my bead. And if you will
walk along with this gentleman and me, where
wc are going, I will communicate it.

Humph. With all my heart, good Mr, Sa- joy.
muel Pounce. [Exeunt]

XXVIL

jo6 L E S 8 O N S.

XXVII.
• Mournful D£$peiptjon,

From -Slnpas's apcount of the Sack of Troy,

[Dryd.^ ViKo. JEu. II.]

At TEN- A LL were attentive to the godlike man,

TioN. J^\^ When from his lofty couch he thus iegan^

Respect. Great queen ! What you command mc to relat?

piL I £ F . * Renews thtjad remembrance ^ of our fate i

An empire from its old foundations rent.
And ev'ry woe the 1 rojans underwent i
A populous city made a defer t place ;
All that Ifaw, and part of which I was i
Not ev'p the bar deft of our foes could hear,
Hovftern Ulyjfes tell without a tear.
♦*♦*#**
HoRRo*. 'Twas now the dead oS night, when Jleep repairs

Our bodies worn with /^//j, our minds with ^jr^J,
When HeSor's ghoft ^ before my fight appears 5
fiT Y. Shrouded in ^/^(7// htftood, and bath' d in tears,

Such as when by the/^rr^ P elides flain,
Thcflalian courfers ^r^^^Vhim o'er the plain.

Swoln

' The words, " Jad remembrance,^* may be fpoken with a
j/$o^, and the right hand laid on the breaft.

^ The words, " Heaor's Ghoft;' may be fpoken with a
ilart, and the attitude of fear. See Fear, page 17.

LESSONS.

?07

Swoln were \{\sfeetj as when the thongs were thruji

Through the pierc^dlimbs: his body Hack mihdufi.

Unlike that Heller , who returrCd from /c/7j

Of w<2r triumphant in ^acian fpoils^

Or him, who made xht fainting Greeks retire^ Courac^j

Hurling ' amidft thtw fleets the Phrygian fire.

His hair and beard were clotted ftiffWxih gore. Pity,

The gbaflly wounds , he for his country bore,

^o^ fir earn' d afrejh.

l^vept to fee the vilionary man, &ilibp.

And whilft my trance continu'd, thus began,

• O light of TrcjanSj and/upport of Troy,
T^Vxy father's champion, and thy country's joy I
O^ long expelled by x\\y friends ! From whence
Art i^oufo late return'd to our defence ?
^las ! what wounds are thefe ? What new dif grace
Tieforms the manly honours o{ thy face ?

' ThtfpeSlre, groaning from his inmoft breaft. Horror.

his warning in thefe m.ournful words exprefs'd ;

Hafte, goddefs-born ! Efcape, by timely flight. Warning.

he flames and horrors o( this fatal nighty
^fThefoes already hzvepojfe/s'd our wall;
'"iTrcy nods from high, and totters to her fall.

Enough

7 (C

Huriing,^^ tp be expreffed by throij^ing out the «r//?,
with the aSIion of hurling,

• " O //|^Z>/ of Trojans y^^ ScQ, to be exprcfled by opening the
tfr/n; v.'itii jiic <a///o« d^ -welcoming,

« " The fpedre;' Sec. Thefe two lines, and the ghoft's
fpfech, are to be fpoken in a ileep and /?^o//<?«iy *voice,JIonvly and
/ilfmnly, with /////«? rj//«^ ox falling, and a torpid inertia of a Jl ion.

XNQ*

TION.

io8 LESSONS.

Enough is pad J to Priam* s royal namey

Enough to country y and to Jgatblefis fams^

If by a mortal arm mffatbtr^s tbronc

Could hsLvc hccn/av*d^lJni arm tbcfeai had dmgi.

Troy now commeods to tifee Yi^r future ftate^

And gives her gods ampavipns, oi thy fate.

J>\ x%zt* Under thdr umbrage hope for happier waU3>

And follow Where thy 'Mrims fcsrtmt c^ils.
■ He faid, and brought, fron> forth tS^JanvJ
chcir.
The gods, and rellcks of th' immortal fift*

Tr E p I D A- Now peats ofjhouts came thundering frofn afin-^

Cries, threats, and loud lament, and mingled fV4r.
The noife approaches, though our palace ^ood
Aloof from ftreets, emiofonid clofe with uiood j .
Louder and louder Jtill, I hear th* alarms
Of human cries diflinSt, and daflmg arms.
Fear broke my flumbers*
I /»^^»/ the /^rr^jT ; rAr»ftf the townfurvey.
And /(y?^;i what the f welling founds convey. "

Then HeSor's fate was manifeftly chared \
A nd Grecian fraud in ^/>^ /if /&/ appear* dn
The palace of Deiphobus afcends . •

In fmoaky flames, and catches on hi^ friends.
Ucalegon burns «^.v/ ; theyjr^ j are bright
With fplendors not their ^«;», and ^/»f with

fparkling light.
New clamours and new clangors now ^rj/*^.
The trumpet's voice, with agonizing cries.

With

• " He faid, and," &c. Here the voice rcfumcs its ufual kqr.

LESSONS,* I09

VfiA frenzy Jdz^d^ I run to meet th' alarms^ Courage.

Re/oh* d on deatb^ reiblv'd to die in arms.

But firft to gather friendsy with whom t* oppofe

If foitune favour'd^ zxA repel tSa^ foes ^

By eourage rous^d^ by Z^v^ of country fir* d^

With fenfe oi honour and rev^ge infpir*d.

PantbeuSy K^W%priefiyZfacrednamey Trbpida-

Had */cap*d the Greclm f words, and /)^jrV the '^*®*^'

With rrfiVij loaded, tb my door s\t fled.
And by the hand his /^th/i^ grandfon ted.

fnatlope,'0 Pantheus ? IVhitber can we run ? QwisA
Where make z. ft and 7 Or wA^/ may yet be i/(?w^ ?

Scarcehad l/poke, when Pantheus, with z groan. Grief.
» STr^— *is no mare! Tier glories now are ^^»^,
lihtfdtal day, th' appointed hour is ^^»if ,
When wrathful Jove*s irrevocable doom Awe.

transfers iStit Tirojanftate to Grecian hands :
Our ri/jrV wr(^t inflames: the/^f commands,
^ofev^ralpqfts their parties they ^iViV/f ; Hok ror.

Somt block the narrow ftreetSi fomtfcourihtwide.
The ioW they it///; th' unwary they furprife ;
Yf ho fights meets ^ifa/i&, and ^^tf/i& finds him who
flies, &c.

' *' Ti^is no «i9rr." Such (hort periods^ comprehending

much in few ivords, may often recdve additional force by a

pwt/i (not exceeding the length of a femicolon) between the

neminatitfg and the «v/r^« or between the 'vtrb and what is

govern^ by it ; which« otherwife, is contrary to rule.

XXVIIL

II© LESSONS.

XXVIII.

Rusticity. Affectatiok.

The fcenc of Humphry Gubbin's introdu&ion to
his romantk couQn. [Tend. Husb.]

Humphryy Aunt, Goulin Biddjr.

Respect. Humph. yjUNT, your faarvani—yout faar-^
Quest. ' vant, aunt. — Is tbat'^ba^ aunt?

Inpohmat. Aunt. Tes, coufin ' Humphry, that is your
^ith ^^^;^ Bridget. Well^ Vl\ leave you together.

[Ex. Aunt. They fit.]
Quest. Humph. Aunt does as fhe'd be done by\ coufin

Bridget, does not Jhe, coufin ? [A long paufe.
Wonder. looking hard at her. J Whaty zxtyou a Londoner,

and not give a gentleman a civil anfwer^ when he
In Di F. aflcs you a civil queftion f-^LookyCy ^yejee^ coufin,

thcf old volks refolving to marry us, I thought it

would be proper to fee how I lik'd you. For I

don't love to buy zpig in a poke, as we fayn i' tK'

country, he, he, he. [Laughs.]
Stiff Biddy. Sir, your per/on and dddrejs bring to

Affectat. my mind the whole ftory of Valentine and Or/on.
Apfec. What, would they give me for a lover, a Titanian,

Delicacy, ^fon of the earth ? Pray, anjwer mc a queftion or

two.
Iiipip, Humph. Ey, ey, as many as jouplea/e, coufin

Bridget, an they be not too hard.

Biddy.

LESSONS. Ill

Biddy. fVbat wood were you taken in ? How Affect at;

d;t?^£ have you been caught f Won dbr.

Humph. Caught! Quest.

Biddy. fFbere were you haunts ? q^Vst!'"'

Humph. My haunts! Wondkr.

Biddy. Are not clothes very uneqfy to you ? Is Quest.
thisjirange drefs thtfirjl you ever w^r^ ?

Humph. How! Wonder:

Biddy. Are you not a great admirer o{ roots Quest.

and raw flejh ?— Let me look upon your nails Affect at.

-~I hope you won't wound me with them. « ^^

Humph. Whew ! [Whittles] Hoity toity.

ff^at hTLVC y/c got ? Is fhcbetwattled? Or is flic Wonder.
gone o' One fide ? -

Biddy. Can 'ft thou //^;/y, that thou wertyi^/t/^^ Affected

• • ,-^m. ,A V Efts

by a wolfy or at leaft by a female fatyr ? Thou
haft not been fo barbarous^ I hope^ fince thou
c^am'ft among men, as to hunt thy nurje ?

Humph. Hunt my nurJe! Ey^ey^ 'tisfo^ flie's Pity.
Out of her head^ poor thing, as Jure as a gun.

tlDraws away.] Poor coufin Bridget! how long Fear.
ha.ve you been in this condition ?

Biddy. Condition! ^hat do& mean by con^ Offence.
^ition^ monfter ?

Hump. How came you upon the high ropes ? Quest.

^'Vas you never in love with any body before me? Pit y!

Biddy. I never hateJ any thing fo heartily be- Affects*

^orc thee. ^^"'•

Humph. For the matter of that, coufin, an it Indif.
^^ne not a folly to talk to a mad^womany there's

3 • "^

Ill

. QjTBST.

1 whh

I

ARlf.

VfiRS.

Dbshl-b.

AVSRSION.

Romantic

Affbcta-

TXON.

Clownish
Pity.

LESSONS.

no hatred hfi^ Injure y(9o. But do yoti i^y/rtnc
in eameft ?

Biddy. Doft think any human ieing can bok
upon thee with other eyes^ than x^ok oi hatred f

Humph. There is no lenowifig yAizx, a woman
Joves or hates^ by her words. But an you -were
in yoMtfenfeSy coufin, and hated me in eamefiy I
ihould be main contented^ look you. For^ tnay I
be well horje-^wbift^ if I love one hone in yo^xfltin^
coufin s and there is zfine ivoman^ I am told^ who
has a month's mtnd to ma.

Biddy. When I think of fuch a confort as thee^
the wild boar (hall defile the cleanly ermine y or the
/y^^r be wedded to the kid.

Humph. An I marry you, coufin, the fole^
r^ ftiall caterwaul with the civet.

Biddy. Toimagine fuch a conjunffiony was tn
unnatural as it would have been to defcribc ^/»-
T/n^ in hve with a ehimney-Jweepery or Oroondates
with a »jw^ a[ Billing/gate j to paint, in romance.
Hit Jtlverjlr cams running m^ to dicir fources in the
fides of the mountains-, to defcribc the birds on the
leafy boughs uttering the hoar/e found of roaring
bears ; to reprefent knights errant murdering dif-
trcffed ladiesy whom their profeflion obliges them
to relieve 5 or ladies yielding to the fuit of their
enamoured knights, before they have Jtghed out
half the due time at their feet.

Humph. If this poor gentlewoman be not out of

herfelfy may I be hanged like a dog. [Exit.]

a XXIX.

L E S S O N S. 113;

\ «

Asking. Reproof. Approbation.

From Mr. Popt's TeMplb 01^ Fake ^

A • froop came next, Who crowns and armour
JTjl worej

<

And proud defiance in their looks they hore.

** For tbet/' (they ery'd) " amidft alarms and CaiUciNc.

«< We feil'd in temfefts doWn thcib-eanl of life ;

*' For thee whole nations fiWd with jfr^ and blood,

*' Andy^m to empire through the purple flood.

*' *Th(^e ills, we ^<zf V, /ifry in/piration own j

*' What virtue fecm'd, was done for thee alone.

^^ Ambitimc^ fook V ^thc queen reply'dj and RiPnooPi.

frown'd)
'* Be all your ^^4/j in dark oilivion dtfmn^d.

r

7 ThepupUt If he hasnot readthe T»mplb of. PAMb,
xnafl be informed of the plot of th^ po^^ viz. The author
reprefents numbers of the parfuers of faznci as repairing, in
crowds, to the temple of that goddcfs, in qued of her appro-
bation, who are difierentljr received by her, aoeordlngto' thdt
rifpedive merits, &c.

« *' Thofc ills;' Sec. The meaning of thia line (Which is not
too obvious) is, ** Oar being guilty of fuch extravagandes,
'' fhews how eager we were to obtain a naxae/'

I *' There

vii'.fVi

irpii LESSONS.

^' Th^rt Jleep forgot with mighty T^yrants gone ;
" Your Jtatues moulder* dy and your names un^
known.**
Wonder. AJudden cloud AraAght /natch* d them from my

. /tgbt.
And each majefiic phaptomfunk in night.

Then came xhtjmalleft tribe I ye;t had feen ;
Plain was their drefsy and modeft was their miVir.
Indiff. ." Gre^t idol oi mankind i ff^e ncith^ claim *-

'' The prai/e o( merits nor ^/r^ to fame; r \
" Butyl/tf in dejarts from th' applaufi oim^^ \

Would ^/V unheard ofy as we /lyV unjeen.

*Tis ^// we ^d*^ thee, to conceal from Jigbt

Thofe afts c^goodne/s^ which them/elves requite^^
DiLiGKT. '' O let us ftillthe^fr^/j^* partake, ^' *

'^ To follow virtue ev*n for virtue*^ fake."

" And //i;^ there men^ ^hoJHght immortal fame?
'^ Who then with inCenfe ftiall adore our »« w^ ?
^. ^5 But, rhortals ! ^/^^o;, 'tis ftill our greatefi pride
^' To blaze thofe virtues ^ which thej^^^i/ would i>iV(f«
« i?i/>> Mufcs ! Rife L Add ^// your tuneful heath!'
" ST&^/ir ;;^/(/? not Jleep in darknefs, and in death.**

She faid. :Mn air-the trembling mufic floats^
And on the «;/«£/j triumphant Jwell the »^/^j ;
SoyJ//^ tho'-high J f6 loudy and yet fo clear ;
£v'n H'ft'riihg,^;^^/^ lean from heaven to i^if^r.

TO:

^^"o^Dl;R.

IkpormI

Exciting.

Pleasing

DlfbCRlP-

TION.

»--^< Tht fecnt joy t^ to be cxpreffcd with the r/^A/ i^/'
laid upon the ^r«i^.'

^'^>T» be tpoken as mdodioujly M pofliblc.

L E S S O N S^ 115

To fartheft Jbor^s th' amhrofial fpirit flies ^
Sweet to the worlds and grateful to ^tjkies.

While thus Iftodd intent to/ee and bear^
One came, mcchought, and wbifper'd in my Mr j'

*= " fVhat could t\\mbigb thy rafi ambition raife? Qubst.
" Art tboUy fond youtb ! z candidate (or f raife ? *' proof/"

'Tis true^ faid I, not void of hopes I camci Apoloct.
For who fo fond, zsyoutbful bards^ of fame ?
^ut fewy l\zs i tht^qfiiulilejingboafl, • Concern,

So bard to I'i^/ », fo eqjy to be /?^.
How vain thztfecand life in ^/i^^j' breath,
Th* 4/?tffe, which w/Vj inherit^-^^afterJeatb^
Eajej bealtb, and /()&, for tbis they muft r^^»
(Unfure tbctenurey and how vaft xhtfifiei)
The great man's curfe^ without the^^/>j, endure.
Though wretcbedj flatter" dy and though envfd^

p<H>r^
All lucklefs wiA their enemies prcfefl.
And dllfuccefsfuli jealous friends at beft. .
Hot fame I flighty nor for her favours call; Indiff.

She comes unlook'd for, if (he comes ^ / alL
But if xhtfurcbafe cofts/© i&^zr ^ ^nV^, Apprb»5«-

As/ootbingfoUy, or exalting vice i ^^^^^ ^^

And if the Mufe oiuft jfti//^ lawlefsfway^
And follow (kill, where /7r/<i»^ leads the way %
Or if »© bafts bear my r/^;/^ »^w^.
But ^tfalVn ruins oi anotber" s fame \

I a Then

* '« Jf'Tyai co-jU thut Ai]fi^«*' ^c* 9ittft b« fpokeji with a lov^fr
voice than the foregoing.

Evil.

Ji6 LESSONS.

Depreca- Then teach me, Heav'n^ to /com the guilty hay.

TION.

"Drive from my breaft that wretched luft of prai
Unblemijh^d let me //v^, or die unknown ;
O ^rtf»/ me boneft fame \ or ^rtf»/ me none.

XXX-

POLITl CONVERSATfOir,

The fcene between Mr. Bevil and Indiana^
which ftie endeavours to find out, whether \
has any other regard for her, than that
rational efteem. Or Platonic love. [Cons
L.OV.]

V

RispccT. Bev. TtTADAM, your moft obedient. He

XVX do you do to-day ? I am afraid y<
wijhed me gone laft nighty before 1 went. B
you were partly to klame. For who could /mt'
you in the agreeable humour you was in ?

Ind. l(,you was pleafed. Sir, we were be.
'pleajed. For your company, which is alwB
agreeable y was movt peculiarly fo laft night.

Bev. My company. Madam ! You rally^
faid very little.

Ind. Too little you always fay, Sir^ for i
'improvement^ and for my credit i by iht fame toke
that I am afraid, you gave me an opportunity
'faying too much laft night f and unfortisnatd

3 wb

LESSONS. H7

when a woman is in the talking vein, fhe wants
notbingfo much as to have leave to expo/e herfelf.

Bev. I hope. Madam, I fliall always have the
Icnfc to ^vtyou leave to expofe yourfcl^ as you
call it^ without interruption^

[Bowing refpedfully.]

Ind. If I Had your talents^ Sir, or your pomer;
to make my actions fpeak for me, I niight be
Jient, and yet pretend to fomewhat more than be-^
ing agreeable. But as it is •

Bev. Really, Madam, I know of none of my Humility.
aSfipns^ that defer vc your attention. If I might : • /:

be vain of any thing, it is, that I have under*
ftanding enough to mark yat out. Madam, from
all yoxLv/epCj as the moft deferving object of my
ijteem. '

Ind* [Adde.] A cold word! Though I cannot Anxiety.
claim even his e^eem. [To him.] Did I think.
Sir, that your efteem for me proceeded from any Respect*
thing in me^ and not altogether from your own
generoftty^ I Ihould be in danger o( forfeiting it.

Bev. How/(7, Madam?

Ind. IVbat do you tbinky Sir, would htfo likely
to puff up a weak woman's vanity, as the efteem
of a man of underftanding ? Efteem is the refult of
cool reafon i the voluntary tribute paid to inward
worth. IVbo^ then, would not be proud of the
efteem of a pcrfon oi fenfe^ which is always unbi^
ajfed i whilft love is often the eflfeft of weaknefs^

I 3 [Looking

na LESSONS.

[Looking hard at Bevil, who cafts down his eye*
refpect fully.] EJieem arifes from a higher fourcej^
the fubftantial merit of the mind. ,
. Bev. True, Madam — And great minds erily
can command it, [bowing rcfpeftfully.] The ut-
mo^fkqfure ^Lndi pride of my lifcy Madam, is,
that 1 endeavour to efieem you — as I ought ^

Apprehen- ^^^* [Afidc.] As he ought! Still more fetr*-

sroN. fUxing! He neither /aves nor icil Is my h^e^ I^

will try him a little farther. [To him.] Now, I*
think on it, 1 muft beg your opinicny Sir, 00 a

Question, point which created a debate between my aunt

and. me,.juft before you came in, . She would
needs have it, that no man ever does any extraor^
dinary kindnefs for a 'duoman, but frow/e^Jh views,.

RisFECT. Bev. ff^ell. Madam, I cannot fay, but I am*

in the main^of her opinion i if Ihe means, hy feifi/b

views, yjhzt fome underftand by the phra/e ; that

is, his own plea/ure -, the bigbeft plcafure human

nature is capable of, that of being confcious, that

from his fuperfluity, an innocent and virtuous fpirit,

a perfon, whom he thinks one of the prime oma-^

ments o( the creation, is r^Med above the tempia^

tions zndijorrows of life : the pleafure of feeing

JatisfaElion, health and gladnejs, brighten in the

countenance of one he values, above all mankind*.

What a man beftows in fuch a way, may I

think, be faid, in one Jenfe to be laid out with- a

Jeljifb view, as much as if he fpcnt it in cards^ .

a dogs^

L :E S) S: O N I. rjti^

dogs, bdttle'iompftnionsi.&f.htffjt nom(/t\ vAthj^s
diffexet^ff^ :that_he Ihtws a h^Ur tafi&, in expemi.
I>Ior Ihould I chink this ^njLiuch ,iXtraor4in^
matter of htroijm in a manl Qf W- e^fy fo^mnt.
^H)cry gentleman ought to be capable of tbisi and -A.it.'di
I doubt i|ot but m^jyt <ir/. Forl.JI|Qj?€t fbei^ft^e ''•^'•'

cxr^a^y w1k> take more flight \^>^T^^i(^' th^
,/e9ifaff9ni in tbinkmgy than in f^/i^i^.-^l^iiit «^/ Sudden

aoi I ^i«^7 [PvlU^QW bis.^iifMch Mftilytl My ^'oT''""
hour with Mr. Myrtle is <(7^^.— Mada£n> I iDuft
take myd«4ve abruptly* -^^^ if you.pleafc Mill
do my fclf the pleafure of ^ting on y^u in tlje
afternoon: Till when, .Madam,- your moft ob?-

dicfpc. / ' :;: [Ejiir.]

•_ ..'..Al*.'*^"' I «.

I. >l

Ssaious Medi tat.i o^h^ :

■ • t

From Dr, Young's Night Thoughts,

THE clock ftrikcs one* We take no note of Alarm.
• time^
But by its lofs. To give it then a tongue
Is wj/^ in w^;/. As if an angel fpoke,
Ifeel xht/olemn found. If heard aright y
It is the knell of my departed hours.
Habere are they ? — With the^^^rj beyond xht flood.
V I 4 It

TI0K>

1 20 LESSON S.

It is thejlgnal that demands difpatcb.
How much \%JHll to do ! My hofes zvA fears
Start up alarm* dy and o'er life's narrow verge
Look down-^^n what ? — A fatbomlefs abyfs.
AoMinA- How poory how Yich^ how ahjeR^ how aiigujl^

How complieaiey how Hvimderful is m^x /
How faffing wonder Hi^ who ma£/<p him fucb !
Who centered in our make fuch ftrange extremes^
From different natures marvelloufly mixt^
Connexion exquifite of diftant worlds I
DiftinguiOi^d link in Being's endlefs chain^
Midway from nothing to the One Supreme^ \
A beam ^tber^al—fulfy*dy and abforpt !
Thoiigh fuUy'd and dilhonour'd, //// divine!
Dim miniature of Greatnefs abfolute !
An heir of glory ! A' frail cbild of di(fi!
Helplefs immortal ! InfeSt infinite !
A worm ! A God I I tremble at my/elf !
What can preferve my life ? or what deftroy ?
An AngeVs arm can't fnatch me from the grave^
Legions of anpls can't confne me there.

XX3?II,

f

L E S S O N S^ 121

XXXIL

Seeming Civility*

The meeting between the knight of the Red
Crofle, a^ttended by Truth, with Hypocrify*
[Sfenfcr^^ Fairie Queens %]

AT length they chaunft to meet upon the Discmiv*
way ^»^«-

An agedjire^ in long blacke weedes yclad %
His feet e all bare^ his hard all boariegre^.
And by his Mt his hoke he hanging had,
Scter he feem'd, and very /agefy fad.
And to the ground his^yw were lowly hent.
Simple ofJbeWy and votde of malice bad.
And all the way he prayed as he wenr>
And often knqcVd his brejt^ as one that did repent.

]EIe faire the \akif^tjaluted louting ' low.

Who faire him ^uited ^ as that courteous was^
And after ii^^ihim, if he did know
Of ftraqnge adventurer which abroad did pas.

« jfb

' The edition, from which this is taken> vis. Chitrch*%j m,
xa my opinion, inccjnparably preferahlie^ foy conxteeuj to
^ the odiers.

« Hypocrify. ' QotUcd* » ^ow^og.

^ IL^tomed his i|(lata4oii, ^ >

j2^ t E S S O N S.

Civility. " Abmydtzxtjonne^'' (quoth he) " howfhould^

'* alas,
*' Silly old mariy that lives in hidden cell^
*' Bidding his beades ^ all day for his trefpas,
" Tidings ofwarre, and worldly trcuile tdi ?
'^ With i&e?/y father fits not with fuch things to
" mcll^.

**' But i(o( daunger^ which hereby doth dwell •
"And homebred evil yc defire to heart.
Of zftraunge man I can you tidings telly
That wafteth all this countrey far and netrt/*
Alarm. «* Qijuchi' (faid he) '* I ri&ii^ do inquere,'

" And fhall thee w^// rewarde to Ihew xhtplace^
" In which that wicked fVigbt^ his dayes/doth

" weave "^^

• •' 1.1 It*.

Threaten- " For to all knighthood It is/fli(f/ difgrace .

" That fuch a curjed creature lives fo /(?»jf ajpace.

INC.

»»

Fear. , '* Far Z^^/z^/f (quoth he) in wajlfull wildernejfe .

*" His d'zvelling is, by wHich no living wight "
" May w^r ^^j/jt, ^ut thorough great difirejfe^
Advising- " iVi?^ "( faid the 1 adie ""i '^ draweth towardni^M

" And well I wote% that of your later Jt^t
" Ye 2![\forwcari€d be; for what tojlrong^
** Bur, wanting reft ^ will al(b -zt^^;// oil might?
" Thc/unne, that meajures heavens all day long^
" At »/f A/ doth i^/V^ his ^^f^j the tf^tfi; wages'

cc

emong,

" Thfo

' Saying his prayers. ^ Meddle. ^ Creature*

«" Pafs. ■ Truth. • Know. '

L E S.S Q N S. 123

TThcn with tht/nnnc^ take, Sir> you fimefy rejt,
^ • And with new day new worke at once begin. .
^^ Untroublednightit\ityhy^gx\t%t!WfX^^\b€fi.''
^* i2/^i?/ zc^if//. Sir knight, ye have advifed bin," Invitiwc-
C^oth then that aged aian> " the way to win %
^ * Is wifely to advije ; now day is /pent i
** Therefore with me ye may take up your In
^^ For this fame 7tigbf.*'' The knight was well
content :
So'vi^ith that godly father to his home they went*

XXXIIL .

Trepidation. Vexation*

T^i^c humoyrous fcene of cramming Sir John Fal-
llaff into the baflcet of foul linen, to prevent bis
being caught by jealous Ford\ \Shakefpeare s
Merry Wives of Windsor.]

Falftaff, Mrs. Ford. •

S^rv. [Without.] J^ADAMyMadaniy Madam i Hasti.

Here is Mrs. Tage^fweat*
''^g and 'blowings and looking wild^ and fays (he
^ufifpeak with yoja immediately.

' Falft.

Conquer.
^ In teaching the right utterance of this fcene, the pupil
'•vtift be let into the plot of it, if he has not read or feen the
Jby. He muft be made to underftand, that Falftaff, a ht,

old.

A

Fbar.

DXRBCT-
IMG.

Question.
Alarm.

FfAR.

Reproof.

Question,
Reproof.

Anxiety.
Alarm.

>

LESSONS.

Falft. Shtjhan't ke me. I will enfconce me
behind the arras,

Mrs. Ford. Pray do. She is a very tattUng
wpman.

Enter Mrs. Page.

Mrs. Ford. ^\i2X\ xht matter ? How now !!

Mrs. Page. O Mrs. Ford ! What havr you
done ? YoM*T^ft)am'di you're overthrown ; you're
undone for ever.

Mrs. Ford. What's the matter ^ good Mrs.
Page ?

Mrs. Page. well a^dayy Mrs. Ford ! Hav-
ing an honeft man to your hujhand^ to ^ive him
fuch czuko{jufpicion.

Mrs. Ford. IVhat caufe offufpiaon ?

Mrs, Page. /i^Z^^/ caufe of Ju/picion ! Out
upon you ! How I'm miftaken in you ! I could
not have thought you capable of fuch a thing. .

Mrs. Ford. Why, alas ! What is the matter?

Mrs. Page. Matter I Why, woman, your Aij/"-
iand is a coming hither , with ii// the officers in

old 9 humourous, worthlefs, needy knight^ has^ in the fonneT
part of the play, made love to Mrs. Ford and Mrs. Page,
with a view, merely, of getting money of them, and that they
concert this interview, and its confequences, on purpofc to be
revenged on him for his attempt to corrupt them ; while Ford
i^ jealous in earned ; and FalliafF, from time to time, oom-
municates to him, under the name of Brook, not knowing ham
to be Mrs. Ford's i^ufband, an account of his intfigues* and
their bad fuccefs.

L E; S S O N S. 125

IP^^indfifTj xofearcb for a gentlemen^ that is here now
in rhe bou/ey by y cur confenty to take an /// advan-
tage of his abfence. You are undone.

Ml^. Ford. It is not fo, I hope. Fear,

"Mrs. Page. Pray heaven it be not fo, that jrou Warhivg.
have a man here. But it is molt certain^ that
Mr. Ford is coming with half Windjor at his
heels, to fearcb the bouje. I came before to /r/f
f ou. If you know yourfclf clear, I am ^^«^ of it.
But if you have any body bere^ convey him out as
fajt as you can. Be not amazed. Call yoMv/enfes
to you. Defend your reputation y or bid farewell to
your hapfinefs for ever.

Mrs. Ford, ^i&tf/ ihall I J!?.? There is a^^- Tri?ii>a*
//fi9Mif here, my dear friend. And I fear not '"'^**
mine own/hamcy fo much as bis peril. I had ra-
tho" than a tbouf and pound he "wtttfafe out of the

Mrs. Page. Never (land crying j Toubadra^ Exciting.
/i«" ; 21?i« bad ratber. Your bujband\ at 2?^»^.
Bethink you of fomc conrueyance. In the i&(?«/ir
•you cannot bide him. Z^^)ir, here is a bafket. If Advising.
he be of any reafonable Jiaturcy he may creep in
bere^ and you may throw foul linen upon him, as
if it were going to bucking. It is wbitening time ^
lend him by your two n^en to Datcbet^mead.

Mrs. Ford. He is too W^^ to go in there. fFbat Confusion.
Jballldo?

•-' •■ • ' ' ^ ; Enter

4

126 LESSON S.

Enter FalflafF from behind the arras.

KuRRY, Falft. Let meyi*^ it. Let me 7^^ it. HI sh^

m /;;. Follovj your friend's counfel. I'll in.
Su R PR. Mrs. Page. M^baty Sir John Falft aff! Is this th<

pjioAc^H ^^'^^ you profejfed to me in your /^//^rj .^

Apology. Falft. \ do love you (or all ibis. Help meao\

odhis/crape. Ill convince you how much I lavi
you. [He goes into the bafket. They cova
him with foul linen.]
Haste. Mrs. Page. [To FalftafF's boy.] Help to cova

your MaJieTy firrah. [To Falftaff. J Ab, you an
Reproach- a fad ^//^;»^/^r, Sir John. [To Mrs. Ford. J Cdll
i?°' your metjy Mrs. Ford, ^ick, quick.

Ordering. Mrs, Ford. What, Jobn, Robert^ Jobn—Yfhf^

Jobny I fay. Make bafte^ and take up thefe clothei
here. Wbere% the cowUfiaff? How you ^^^tf,
Carry them away directly to Mrs. Plafh, the laun«
drefs, at Batcbet-mead. [They carry away th<
baflcet. Ford meets them. Is prevented fearch*
ing.thc baflcet. Mrs. Ford and Mrs. Page retinj
and enjoy the punifhment they had inflidted os
Falftaff,]

Scene changes to the Inn.

Enter Falftaff juft out of the Thame*.
Falft, Bardo^pb^ I fay*
CoNFu. Bard. Herej Sir.

Vexation. Falft. Go, fetch me a quart o(/ack. Put a foaji

in it. [Exit Bard.] Have I lived to t^ carrin

ii

L E S S CN'S; 127.

in a lajket^ like a harrow of butchers offal^ and to

be thrown into the Thames ? WelU if ever I let Selp^gom-

myfelf be ferved fuch amther trick. Til have my ^^**''^^*°'

irainSi if there be any mmyjkully taken out, and

butundy to be given my dog Jowler for his break-

fafton new-year's day. The rogues chucked me- Vexatio?i,

iato the river with as little remor/ej as they would

ha?e drown'd a bitch's blind puppies fifteen i'the

lUter. And then a man of my weight mull have

I comfort able alacrity in finking. If the bottom

liad been on a level with the bed of the river Styx^

itktm I fhould have gone. For that matter, I had

been fairly drown' dy if the ihore had not been fo

lind as to Jhelve it a little in my favour. And *

4tn to tbinky only to think of my being drowned!

A man of nty fize! — For your frelh water fwells

yoMin ordinary man to the fize of your middling

porpoifc^ As for me, an I were to be drown'd, I

ftippofe there is ne'er a whale of them all, that

^^boki not be out of countenance at the fight of

nac. —Bardolph --Is ihc/ack brewed ?

To him enter Ford,

Ford. Blejs you. Sir. Civiutt*

Falft. Now, Mailer Brook. You come to
know what has paffed between me and Ford's
wife. \

Ford. That is indeed my hufinefsy Sir John.

Falft. Matter Brook^ I will not lie to you. I-
VMS ather houfe at the hour (he appointed Wit.

Ford.

128

Vexat.

VlXAtlON.

Surprise.

Of EST.

Ikporm.
with Vexa-
TiaN.

Wonder.

Vexat.
Remem-
brance.

LESSONS.

Ford. And yoxx /fed^ Sir.

Falft* Very ilUfavour^dlyy Mafter Brook.

Ford. HoWy Sir, did (he change her mi/y^?

Falft. JV^, MafttT Brook. But the mi/cbievous
old cuckold, her bujband^ Mailer Brook, dwelling
in a continual alarms oijealoufy^ comes^ f revoked
and inftigated by his diftemper^ and at his hecb a
whole rabble of people, tofearch the houfe for his
wife's love.

Ford, What! While j^^« were /A^^ f

Falft. While / was tberey Mailer Brooks

Ford. And did he Jearcb for you, and could
not find you ?

Falft. Mafter Brook^ you ihall hear. As good
luck would have it, comes in one Mrs. Page^ gives
intelligence o( Ford's approach; znd by berin-f
vention, and Ford's wife's dircSion, I was con-
veyed into a buck-ba/ket.

Ford. A buck^bajket I

Falft. Tea\ a buck-bajkei ; rammed in With
fouljhirts 2Ln^JmockSy/weatyfockSi dirty bandker^
chief Sy greajy nigbt-cafSy and infants clouts frefi
from their ftinking tails i that, Mafter Brook,
there was as great a variety oi villainous fmellsf as
there was of living things in Noah's ark. There
I fufiered the pangs of three unnatural deaths^
Firft, the intolerable fear of being deteSed by a
jealous old belUwtatber\ next, to be coWd Up^ like
vx overgrown fnake in a dunghill i rolled round

wichia

LESSONS, 129

VTithin the circumference of a peck^ bilt to pointy

h^^l to bead ; thirdly, and laftly, Mailer Brook^

to Jot ft opt in, like z, ft rong Ji/iillation, With ft inking

cloibes, thzl fermented in their own greaje. Think

of tbaty Matter Brook, a man of my body 5 that

atn as liable to melt as a lump of Epping butter

cxpofed to ^t fun-beams on the twentieth of June

at noon-day. Think of tbaty Matter Brook, and

that, while I was in the midft of this high faliva-

tion, from which, that I efcaped without7«^ftf-

tiotiy is neither more nor lefs than a miracle \ while

I \?as in the height of this hot-bath, I fay, with

nrvy very bones melted dlmoQ: to the confiftencyof

^^Ivesfoot-jellyj to be flung ^to the Thames y cooVd

g^cwing^baty as I was, cq/e-bardened at once; think

of tbaty Matter Brook j bijing bot 5 think of tbat^

Rafter Brook.

XXXIV.

Various Characters.

From Mr. Pope'^ Moral Essays. [Epift. I.]

J/TpiS from bigb life bigb cbaraSlers are drawn : Snbir,
-i- A faint in crape is twice a faint in lawn. mock-
A judge IS jufti 2l cbanc'lor^^jufterftilhy Paaisi.

Kgownman learned; a bifhcp—yihdX you willi
Wtjey if a minifter \ but if a kingy
More wifCy morejufty more learn' dy more ev*ry tbing.-^

K 'TU

130 LESSONS.

Teaching. *Tis education forms the common mind;

Juft as the twig is bent, thp tree*s inclined.
BoASTXNc. ' Boajiful and roughy your frjt fon is a yquirei
Smooth. The next a trade/many meek, and much a fyari
Strut. ^om ft ruts zjoldier^ of en, bold, and brave ;
Sneaking. Willjneaks zjcrinfmer, an exceeding knave •
Pride. Is he a churchman? Then he's fond t'ipowW%

\ P^EEv. Aquaker^,? Sly. A pre/by terian -f ? Spur.
Foppery. A fmzrt free-thinker ? jill things in an idirr.
Teaching. Manners m\h for tunes, humors turn with climes^

Tenets with 3^^i:j, and principles with //ixr^/.

Search then the r////«'^ paffion. There alone

The «;//// are conftant, and the cunning known;

This r.W once found unravels all the r^j^ ;

The proJpe£l clears, and Wharton (lands confeft ;
• CoKT. TVharton ! the f corn *, and wonder f, of our days^
t Admir. Whofe ruling pfjfton was the luft oi praife.

Born with whatever could wi« it from the wj/^.
Eager. IVomen, zxi^ fools, muft like him, or he ^//Vj.

Tho*

' Tho' tliefe lines contain defcriptions ^ or chara^ltrs^ thcjr
may be cxprcfTcd with aSion almoft as if they were /pacha*
This firft line, *\ Boaftful and rough!* &c. may "be fpoken
with the adion of boajiing. See ^Boafiing in the Eflay,
page 18. Tlie next with that o{ timpting. Sec Tempting,
page 22. The foldUr^s chara£ler may be reprefenlcd by the
arms a-UmbOf the lips pcuting out, and a bhtflering manner rf
reading the line. The fcrivener's with the eyes turn'd a-fyuim,
a lo-iu ^vcice, and the adlion of Jhame. See Shame, page 17.
Ttic quakcr's with the ^words fpoken through the fta/e, and
the appearance of affectation of piety. Sec Affeetutiom^
, : page 22.

LESSONS. 131

Tho* wcnJ^ring /enates Bung on all he/pake, Admir.

The ciui muft hail him mMfier of tht joke. ' Contempt.

Shall partsy!^ various aim at nothing new ?

He'll fliine a Tully, and a Wilmot too.

Then turns repentant^ and his G^i^ adores^

With xktjame Jfirit as he ir/»/tj and whores.

EuougJby if ix// around him biit admire^ '^ .

And now the^i^;f/ir applaud^ and now the friar. —

. A/almon*s hUy, Helluo^ was thy/a/r'.

The doSfar calPd^ declares all help too late. Tripi.

** Mercy'' (cries Helluo) ** w^g^ on my foul! Db pre cat.

•* Is there w hope ? Alas ! — -then bring the Grief

•^ OICRNESS.

" Odious Unwoollenf^TvfOvldzfaifitprovoke.** Aversion.
(Were the la^ words th^t poor NzvciffiifpokeJ

No — let a charming chintz^ and Brujfels lace^ Weakness.

Wrap thefc cold limbs ^ zxAfhade this lif clefs face.
** One need not, fure, be ugly, though one's dead;
" And — Betty — give this cheek — a little — red.*' Exp i r i n o.

. The courtier f moo thy who /(7r/y j^^^rx had fhin'd
An humble Jervani to all human kind,
Juft brought out this^ when fcarce his tongue

could fiir \
** If— where I'm going^^A could— ^n;^ you, Civilitt

C€ Sif^» with

,_ » T . WCAK.

K a " I^^w,

* Englijb readers may xuit, perhaps^ know> that /f^//i/o fig-
liifies Glutton.

' That is, a forfeit of frefh falmon was thy death.

■ The glutton will indulge appetite (fo indeed will every ha-
Utiud offender in every kind) in fpite of allconfequcnces.

€€

132 L E S S O N 5.

Ot;ir- « I grji^ aad I i^zi'f^ \^ EocLo isd^

« Yoar «W7, Sir,"— « Mt Kifcrt, Sx l—Wha
— aii ?
Wff ?!»';. *• Whj — if I mm^"^ — (cea wrpc) — I gnFC it

*^ Tbc»f««r, Sir?- — " The msMsmr — ^" flU^
~(hc cr/d)
Weak. ^' I comict — mu^ ooc part with tb€i^ — anddf VL

SfovfTT. And jr^ir, brave Cobham ! ^joar Lo^ tntOb

Shall feel your nr/ixr^ paficMjhtmg in dcadu
Such in /i^tf/ nxxnenc, as in all tbcfa/t^
VtLhviv'.. " 0/avemy country^ Heaven f-^^fkaH be your

,laji.

XXXV.

Reconciliation.

'I he fcenc between Mr. Bevil and Mr. Mjrrtle^

[CoNsc. Lov.]

CoMFLAjs. Bev. OIR, I am extremely obliged to you for

O this honour.
A'ir;»». Myrt. The time^ thtplace^ our long acquaint^

ance, and many other circumftancesy which 4^^
me on this occafton^ oblige me, without ceremony
or conference^ to defire, that you will comply with
the requeft in my letter ^ of which you have tf/-
r^tf^ acknowledged the receipt.

Bev.

LESSONS. 133

Bcv. Sir, I bave received z letter from you in Com pl a is.
a very unufiial ftyle. But, as I am confcious"^ of
the mtegrity of my behaviour with refpeft to you,
and intend that every thing in this matter ^ Ihall be
your own/eekingj 1 (hall underftand notbingy but
what you arc pleafed to confirm face to face.' You
are therefore to take it for granted^ that I have
forgot the contents of your epiflle.

Myrt. Your ^^^/^tfitfvw«r, Mr. Bevil, is agree- Anger.
able to the unwortby ufe you have made of my
Jimplicity zx)d franknefs to you. And I fee, your
moderation tends to your own advantage; not
mine ; to your own Jofety^ not to juftice for the
wrongs you have done your friend.

Bev. My own Jafety ! Mr. Myrtle. Opfkn.

Myrt. Your ownfafety^ Mr. Bevil. Reproach*

Bev. Mr. Myrtle, there is no difguijing any Displea-
longer, that I underftand what you would/(?rr^ nie *"**•
to« You /bf^te^ my ^riirr/^/f upon that p^/W ; and Firmness.
you have often heard me exprefs my difapprobation
of the/i9VJ^^ manner of deciding quarrels, which
tyrannical cuflom has introduced, to the breach of
all laws J both divine and buman.

Myrt. Mr. Bevil, Mr. Bevil! It would be a Reproach-
good ?ii^ principle in thofe, who have fo /^^<r a **'°*
cenfcience that way, to have as much abborrence at
doing injuries y as ■ [Turns away abruptly.]

K 3 Bev.

» — ^* coft/cious of the intigrity!^ &Ct may bc exprdfc^
with the light hand liud on the breaft.

134

Irritat-
mo.

SlLP-VlW-
PICATION.

Sbrious-

HESS.
PlOVS

Vbmera-

TION.

COUHAGE,

Rage.

Irritat-
ing.

FZRUNESS,

LESSONS.

Bev. As what ?

Myrt, hs fear oi anfwerhtg l\icvc\.

Bev. Mr. Myrtle, I have wo /?tf r of anfwcring
atty injury I have done you j becaufe I have
meant you none; for the truth of which I am
ready to aj^peal to at^ indifferent per/on^ even of
your own chooftng. But I own I am afraid of doing
a wicked ailiony I nriean, of Jbedding your kloodj or
giving you an opportunity o( Jbedding mine, cold^
I am not afraid oiyoUy Mr. Myrtle. But 1 own,
I am afraid of ///V», ^\\ogave me this life in trufi^
on. other conditions j and with other defigns^ than
that I fliould hazardy or throw it awayy becaufe
a rafhy inconftderate man is pleafed to be offended^
without knowing whether he is injured or not,
No'—l will not J ioT your y or any man's humour,
commit a known crime ; a crime which I cannot
repair^ or which may, in the very a£ly cut me off
from 2\\ pojjibility oi repentance.

Myrt. Mr. Bevil, I muft tell you, this cooU
nefsy this moralizing^ fhall not cheat me of my
love. You may wijh to preferve your life, that
yovi m2iY poffefs Lucinda. And I have reafon to
be indifferent about it, if I am to lofe all that from
which 1 expeft any joy in life. But I fhall firft
try one means toward recovering her, I mean, by
fbewing her what a daunt lejs hero fhe has chofca
forher protedor.

Bev. Shew me but the leaft gVtmpJe of argu-
ment, that I am authorized to contend with you

LESSONS. X3S

Sit the peril of the life of one of vs, and I am rtady
vipon your own terms. If this will not fatisfy
you, and you will make a lawle/s aJfauU upon
me» J will defend \T\yidf 2^ againft a ruffian. There
is no Jucb terror^ Mr. Myrtle^ in the anger of
ll^^, who are quickly bot^ and quickly cold again,
they /b^7W not bow^ or Wi&y. I dtfy you to ihew
vherein I have wrcng*d you.

Myrt. Mr. Bcvil, it is eafy for you to talk Irritat-
^i.olly on this occafion. You who know not, I *'*'^-
fiippofe, wbat it is to Jcve, and from your large
Jortune^ and your fpecious outward carriage, have
ift in your power to come, witbout much trouble or
MxUty, to the pofeffion of a woman o( honour; you
know nothing of what it is to be alarmed, dif- Jealousy.
traSed with the /^rrcr of /g^^f what is i/^^rfr
Am life. You arc baffy^ Your marriage gots Sarcasm.
on like common bujinefs i and, in the interim, you
have, for your foft moments of dalliance, your
rambUng captive, your A^/w/i princefs, yo\\r con-
venient, your r^^i/y Indiana,

Bcv. You nave touched mc beyond the patience Anqrh
of a iBoii; and the defence o( fpctfefs innocence *^"***'
will, 1 hope, excufe my accepting your challenge,
or at leaft my obliging you to retraft your /w/i-
m^i/i ajperfions, I w/V/ »^/, if I can avoid xiyjhed .
^our bloody nor fliall jp^« wW. But Indiana^ pu^
-rity I ^/V/ defend. Who W/?/// ? Autho.

Scrv. Did you f/?//, Sir? Submis.

Bcv. Yes, go Ctf// a f(?Jc/?. Command-

K 4 Scrv.

136 LESSONS.

Trepidat. Serv. Sir — Mr. Myrt'^^ Gentlemen— YofJ are
SubmVs. friends — I am but a Servant — But

♦ AsQt%. Bev. * Call a coach. [Elxic Scnr,}

[A long paufc. Thq^ walk fulknly about
the room.]
Re COL- [Afidc] Shall I (though provoked beyond

LECTION. Jufferance) recover myfelf at the entrance of a

third perfon^ and that my Jervant too j and IhaU
I not have a due re/felt for the diftates of my own
conjcience ^ 5 for what I owe to the beft oi fathers^
and to the defencelejs innocence of my lovefy In^
diana, whofe very life depends on mine ?

[To Mr. Myrtle,] I have, thank heaven^ had
time to recoUeH niyfelf, and have determined to
convince you, by means I would willingly have
avoided J but which yet are preferable to murder^
ous duelling^ that I am more innocent of nothings
than di rivalling you in the affcftions of Lucinda.
Remon. Read rills letter-, and conjider^ what effeSl it would

have had upon you to have found it about the
man you had murdered.
SuLLiK- [Myrtle reads. ] " I hope it is confflent ^vdx

lAh^z. €€ jj^g j^^3 a woman ought to impofc upon her-

'* felf to acknowledge, that your manner of de-
SuRFRxsE. ^^ dining what has been fropcfed of a treaty of
Rising *^ marriage in our family, ^xid deftring, that the

I*OF|i. « r<?/i{/i/ might come from me^ is more engaging,

*' than the Smitbfield courtjhip oibim^ whofe arm*

"lam

r To be fpoken with th^ ri^ht hand on the breaji.

cc

€€

L E S S O N S^ 137

I am in danger of being thrown into, unlcfs Joy.

your friend exerls himfelf for our common
Jafety and bappinefs*.'* — O, I want no more, to

r your innocence^ my injured^ worthy friend-^ Shami,
lee her dear name at the bottom I fee that you

ve been far enough from dejtgning any obftacle

my happinefs, while I have been treating my Rimorsb.

efa£lor as my betrayer O Bevil^ with what Confusiov

ords (hall I

Bev. There is no »tf^i of w^r^j. To convince Bbnsv.
more than to conquer. If you are hut fatisfied,
1 1 meant you no wrongs all is as it Jhould be.
Myrt. ^\M can yoxx — forgive fuch i»tf J- Anowisb.

efs? Rbmorsi.

Bev. Have not I myf elf offended? J had almoft Binbv.

«n as guilty as you, though I had the advantage p
mofyou^ by knowing what you did not know.

Myrt. That I fhould be fuch a precipitate Anguish.

^^retch ? Remorse.

Bev. Prithee no more. For 01 v.

Myrt. How many friends have died by the hand Self-

oifriendsymerelyior want oi temper! What ^o I ^^^^-^^^

not owe to jour/uperiority oiunderftanding? What Horror.
a precipice have I ejcaped ! O my friend — Can

you ever — -forgive Can you ever again look In treat.

Upon me — with an eye oi favour ? Remorse

B<rv.

* In reading the letter, the countenance of Myrtle ought to
^Eiit, by degrees^ the lo^ok of anger^ and to pafs to thofe
^Harked on the margin.

138

BlNETO-r
J.ENCB.

Admiiia«

TION.

LESSONS.

Bev. Why ihould I noi ? Anf man may mif^
take. Any man may be violent ^ where his Uvt is
concerned. 1 was my/elf.

Myrt, O Bevil ! You are capable of all duU
is great, all that is heroic

[Enter a fervant to Bevil^ and gives a letteu

Karka-

TIOK.

Vexatiov.

Earnest.

Narra-
tion.

XXXVL

Characters.

From Mr. Pope*s Moral Essays. [Epift. III. J

WHERE London's column^ pointing tQ
the fkies,
Like a fall bully ^ lifts its bead^ and lies,
1 h<rrc dwelt a citizen oijoter faaie,
Af airiy good man, and Balaam was his name i .
Religious, punctual, frugal, and fo forth ;
K is word v\ ouid pa/s for »^r^ than he was worth.
One/olid dijb his week-day meal affords ;
An added pudding lolernuiz'd the Lord's.
Conflant at church, an J change. li\% gains v/cre/nre.
His givings rare, (ave farthings to the />^<?r.

The Dev'l was piq d (uch/aintjbip to behold*
And /^»^V to tempt him,' like good j'O^ of old i
But Satan now is wifer than of yore,
And tempts by making r/Vi> j not making poor.

Rous' d by the prince q\ aw, x,\\t whirlwinds fweep
The/urge, and plunge his father in the deep -,

3 Then

LESSONS. 139

Then full againft his Cornijb lands they roar ;
And two rich Jhipwrecks ble/s the lucky Jhcre.

Sir Balaam now ! He lives like other folks \ Pride.
He takes his chirping pint, and cracks h\s Jokes.
** Live like your/elf ;" was foon my lady's word;
And lo ! two puddings fmok'd upon the board,
yijleepi and naked, as an Indian ]ay>
An honejt faHor Jiole a gem away ; Craft.

And pledged it to our knight. Our /t«/^i»/ had witj
He kept the diamond y and the rfl|f//^ was ^//.
Somt/cruple rofe. But //^//j he ^^jV his thought 5 Anxibtt.
** rJJ now givey?x-ptfwf^, 'where I gave a ^c^/ 1 Affbcte*
** Where ^;7f^ I went to churchy I'll now go twice^ Piett-
*' And am/^ deary too, of all ^/i>^ vice.'*

The tempter faw his //W ; the w^ryt he ply^d; Craft.
J/^^^j zxAjubJcriptions pour on tv*rY/tde ;
Till tf// the <:/tf/»c« n^akes Wis full defcent, Earnest-

In one abundant fbowW of f<?ff/ per f^/ ;
Sinks deep within him, and pofleflcs whole ;
Then dubs directory 2ind fecures his foul.

Behold ! Sir Balaam, now a man offpirity Pride.

Afcribes his get tings to his parts and merit.
What late he callM a blefjingy now was wity
And G^^'s good providence, a /«r/^_y i&//.
Things change their titles, as our manners turn ; Narr a*
His compting'boufe employs the Sunday-mom. tion.
Seldom at churchy ('twas fuch a bujy life J
But duly fent h'\s family and 'm;//^.
yi^^r^ (lb the D<?i;7ordain'd) one Chriftmas-tide
My good oFd lady caught a ccld, and dy^d.

A nymph

14© LESSONS.

A nymph oi quality admires our knigbf.
tic marries i bows at courts and grovis poliie ^
Leaves the dull ciis, smd joins (to plea/e the fair J
The well-bred cuckolds in St. James's air,
Firft, for his fon a gay commijfton buys.
Who drinks J whores^ fights y and in a duel dies.
His daughter ftruts a vijcounfs tawdry wifci
And bears a coronet ^ andp — ^ for /(/^,
In Britain'sy^/ftf/^ he a^J^^/ obtains ;
And tf»^ w^r^ fenfioner St, Stephen's gains.
My lady takes to play^ fo ^tf</ her chance.
He muft repair it. Takes a ^ri^^ from France.
Conpu- The bouje impeach him. Coningfhy harangues.

The court for/ake h\m ', and Sir Balaam hangs.
Wif^y Jon^ and daughter^ Satan ! are thy ^«e;« j
His wealth, yet dearer^ forfeit to the crown.
The Dw/7 and the king divide the prize.
And fad Sir Balaam curfes God^ and i//Vi«

8I0II.

XXX VIL

LESSONS. 141

XXXVII.

Anxiety. Resoluti o n«

Cato fitting in a thoughtful pqfture. In his hand
Plato's book on the immortality of the foul.
A drawn fword on the table by him. After
a long pauie^ he lays down the book^ and
Ipeaks.

IT muft be fb—Plafo, thou reaJorCfi well — D«ip

Elfe whence rhispleafing hope, this/onJ defire% Contsmpl.

This longing after immortality ? Comfort.

Or whence ^is/ecret dready and inward horror Dbsi&e.

Of falling into pougbt ? — Why firinks tht/oul Fbar.
Back on herjelf^ and flardes at defiruBion ?

*Tis the Divinity t\izx.ftirs within us ; Awb.
Tis Hea^^n itfelf xhzt points out an Hereafter,
And intimates eternity to man.

* Eternity I thou pleqfing ♦ dreadful f * Satisf.

thought! +^""-

Through what variety of untrfd being, Cur iositv.
Through what new fcenes and changes mufl we

pa/sf

The

• — — « this find difire!^ may be fpoken with the right
i&tfs^laid on the breaft.

* •* Eternity! — ^thoa pUafingi* Sec, requires an tye fixed ^
vith fr^fiund thonghtfulnefs^ on one point, throughout this
liqe.

»♦«

• Cove.

Ft&MVKM.

ArriLt.

Coy roar.

Noble.

Peide.

TkivMrH.

And /i^i/ ;r;^f .:. i.- x^Zkrt '^riti iuiiui

zv:zf^

Aad tr-ii, wrier- fi/ di'Jii:: in jr^ be hetfj.
But 9'i'r» '- u- 7i»rr/ .'— >-72:.- s:^.^' «-a& ximl

for Cdjar
Vm vtarj kA arjeSuns — ♦ Trir muft ns^ /Ztfv.

[Laying his hmd on his fword.]
Thus am I d^^mbij arm'd. ' Xly i^^i*, mjr /j/'Eri
My ^mr^ and antidoU, are ^/i^ before me ;
Tbis-'-'in a mcmtnf, bhn^s me to an md.
Whilft tbii informs me, I fluU wever die.
Tht/cui, Jecmr^d in her cxifeaui^ Jmles
At the dra-jun dagger^ and ^^^Eer its ^m/.
The /tars '■ {hzilfade a^ay, xhc/m biwtfelf
Grow dim with age, and nature fink in jr^^rj;
But tbcu* ihd\tflouriJb in immortsJ ycmib,

Unburt

• — " ^!y i//tf.'i^, my ///?," &c. Long /j*/^i between, and
poiniing, or looking at the fvjord in pronouncing *' my
" dciith," and at the hoik in pronouncing *' my life," and
fo in «* my bane, and antidote," and in the two following
lincf.

** " T\\c/ou!, 8cc. may be pronounced with the right band
laid upon the breaft.

• '* The /lars,'* Sec. may be fpoken with the eyes
toward hcavci), and the arms moderately i'pread.

» — « thok-^^iTiXxJlouriJh;' &c. The right hand apon the
h»ea/i.

LESSONS. 145

• ZJlnburt amidft the war of elements,

wrecks of matter, and the crtijb * of worhis^

XXXVIII.

ANdER. Threatening*

Sa^tan's fpeech to Death flopping kis paflage
tiirough Che gate of Hell 4 with the anfwcn
f^Milt. Par AD. Lost> B. II. v. 681.]

'^HENCE, and what art xhou, execrable Jhape I Qui«t.
That dar'fty though grim and terrible^ ad^ Ano«.
vance
^ tiy mijcreated front athwart my w^y
^^^ yonder gates ? through them I mean topa/s, Resol.
^at be ajur'dy without leave aflc'd of thee. Conf,

'tire * ; or tajte thy folly, and learn by proof, Threateii"
Ht'bom, not to contend mth/pirits of Heav*n. '^°*
To whom the goblin full of wrath reply 'd.
Art tboH that traitor Angel, art thou He, Anger.

^^^ho Jirji broke peace in Heav'n, and faith, till
'' then

^' Unbroken,

» *« Unhurt!^ &c. The arms fpread zg2^n as before.

»» —«« the rr«/&," &c. The hands brought together \nth

' ** Ritire ;" is to be fpoken as a wW-r fentence, and with
grtai^ force o£ tin-eateniag. See Anger, page 23.

144 LESSONS.

€€

€€
€€

Unbroken^ and in frcudy rebellious arms
*' Drew after him the third part of Heav^tCsfoHi^
Conjur'd zgainik the Higbejiy for which boA tbou
And tbeyy outcafi from God^ are here condemned
** To wafte eternal days in woe and pain ?
CoKTEMPT « And reckon*ft/i^(?«thyfelf withj5)/r//i ofHeav^n^

AiicBR. '^ Hell'doom'diZndhrcsitWiidefiancebere,^nd/com,

*' Where I r«^» /t/wg-, and to ^w^f ^ thee more.
Pride. ** 7'ifry king and /^r///* JS^r/t to thy punijhment.

Threaten- " Fal/e fugitive ^j 2Lnd to thy /peed Sidd wings,
*"°' <c L^ ^jfh a wbip of/corpions I purjue

" Thy lihg^ringy or with oneftroke of this ^jr/
*' Strange horror Jeize thee, andp^^jj «;^^// before C*

k — .♦♦ and to ^y/feed,** &c. to be fpoken quick.

XXXIX^

LESSONS. 145

Xxxix.

Deprscation. Recollection.

The fpcech of Sin to Satan, to prevent a hoftjle
encounter between the latter and Death 5 with
the effcSt of her fpcech, [Af;7/. Parad. Loir.
B. 11. V. 726.]

**'Q Faiber! what intends thy i&a»^," (flie cry'd) Exclam.
** Againft thy ^»/y/(?» ? What/irry, O fon, Reproop.
** Poffeffes thee to bend that mortal dart
'^ Againft thy father's H^adl And know'ft for

" whom I
*' For /^nr, who fits above, and laughs the while Vexatiok.
** At thee ordain'd his drudge, to execute
*^ Whatc'er li\s<vratby which he c?X\^juftice, hidsi
^ His wrath; which 6w<? <foy will i!/^<?y ye ^ij/ib/' Alarm*
Shc7j)oir^, and at her words the helliJh peft Narra-
Forbore, then tbe/e to her ^y^z/^aw returned : ^ » on-

*^ Softrange thy outcry, and thy ^ordsU> jftrange Surprice-
** Thou interpofejl, that myfudden hand
•' Prevented, /pares to tell thee yetf by ^^^/ Recolllct.

" What it intends ; till firft I know of thee,
" What thing thou art, thus double form'd, and Qvilst.
why

(C

' " O Father,^* kz, muftbc fpotcc^a/Vi, as people do, when
tiiey mean to prevent imminent niifchicf.

L « la

146 L E S S O N S.

^^ In this infernal viXtfirfi met, thou calFft
^^ Me Father J and that pbantafm call'ft mjjon ;
*' I know thcc »«/ j nor ever /aw, till now,
AvEM. <« ^ififr/ more deteftahle than i&im and /i^rr.

XL.

Ve^catioh. Pertkess. Cringiuc.

Part of Mr. Papers complaint of the impertinence
of fcribblers. [From the Prologue to his
Imitations, of Horace's Satires.

Grati. JpRIEND^to my life! (which did not jw
'^vDh. prolong,

Vbxation. " The worU had wanted — many an Ule long)

What Jropy or noftrum, can ^St3^ plague remove ?
Or which muft end me, z/ooPs wrath, or love ?
A rfir^ dilemma ! Either way Vm/pedi
If foes» they write, if friends, they read me dead.
Seiz'd, and tfd down to judge, how wretched I!
Who rtfn V htftlent, and who m// m/ (r^.
To laugh were want oigoodnejs, and of jjrj^ ;
And CO be p'ave exceeds all powW oiface.

I fit

" Dr. Arbuthnot.

" «« The w^rA/had iwwffi/"— -Thus far ought to be fpokcn
. with great emphafis, as if fomewhat very important were
coming ; and the remaining part of the Une, ** many an iA
fong/' in a ludicrous manner.

LESSONS. j47

I fit mih/ad tivility^ I read

• With/m^aj anguijh^ and an aking beadi

Then dropj at laft^ but in unwilling ears^

This /aving counfel^ '' Keep your piece nine Advisiko.

" years '."
" Nine years F* cries he, who high in Drurj- O*^"^- with

lane, ^^'^"•

Zjr//'i/ by7fe/3f zephyrs through the broken pane^
Rhymes ere he wakes, ^nd prints before /^n» enJs,
Obli^d by hunger — and requeft oi friends ;
** The piece, you think, is incarreSf. Why takeif, P*rtk.
*' I'm allJuhmi£ioni what you'd A<n/r it, make it." Cring.
T'i^^^ things another's modeft wiflies bound ^ Vexat.
My friendjbip, and a prelogue, and /^ pound. Cring.
Fitholeon ^ lends to me ; ^^ You know his Grace.
•* I want a patron-^^-Aik him for a place."
« Pitholeon //^^//'i/me— " ♦ « But here's a fo//^ Off-
"Informs you. Sir, *twas when he knew no **"'

" better.
" Dare yoii r^j^ him ? ' Curl in vites to dine ; Threaten*
« Hc'U write a Journal, or he'll turn divined "'°'

L 2 Blefs

• " Wiik/erimu angmjk!^ &c. may be fpoken as if fick.
See SUknefs, p. 26.

p Alluding to Horace's ** Nonumque prexnatur in annum."

4 Pithdeon. The name of a foolilh ancient poet.

' " Curl invites," &c. Mr. Pope was, it feems, ill ufcd
by Curl, a bookfeller, by the writer of a Journal or News-
paper^ and by a ** parfon much bcmus'd in beer.'*

15© LESSONS.

Or £tm ^ifbcut, to all temptations arm* J.
S£Lr-cos». Had'iltliou xhcfsuncfree-ufil/y zndpow'r xofiandf

Thou ba£fi: whom baft diou thcn^ or \sh€t

c'accufc^
But Heav'n'syiY^ Iwe dealt equally to all ?
Blasps. Be then his love accursed: (ince love or bate^
j^^^ To me alike it deals eternal woe.

,. Nay curs'd be tbou \ fince againft bis^ tbj will

Chofc/reefy what it now fo juftly rues.
Df spiB A- O wretcbedjpirit I wbicb way ihall I fy
***'' Infinite wratb, and infinite de/pair ?

Which way //jf is /^ii; myfelfzm HeUi
And in the /cw^ ^-f^/, a lower deep
Still tbreafning to devour me iTp^^f j wr^^?.
To which the fli?//, I fuffcr^ (eems a Heav'n--^
Eflay toward Q then, at /tf/, r^&w/. Is there no place
• Viu D e! Le^^ ^^'* ^^^n^^^ce ? None for pardon left ?

None left, but hy/ubmiffion ; * and /A/j/ tt;(?r4
Difdain forbids me, and my dread oijhame
Among t\\tjp'rits beneath^ whom I feduc'd
With other promifes^ and otber vaunts
Than to Jubmit ; boafting I co\x\d Jubdue
Angu, Th' Omnipotent. ^ /w^ / /i&^ little know

How ^<f^r/y I abide that boaft fo vain ;
Under what torments inwardly I groan.
While they adore me on the throne of Hdl,
With diadem znA/ceptre high advanced,
1 he lower fliil I fall, onXy/upreme
\n mifery I fuch Joy ambition finds.
P»![DB. gpt fay I cculd repent y and could obtain.

By

\

LESSONS.

ByaAofgracCj my former ftate i haw focn
Would beigbi recal high thoughts^ how foon unf(y
What U:\^Afubmiffionftvore? Eqfe would recant
Vwos madein^ijfy as violent and void.
For never can /rir^ reconcilement grow
Where wounds of //(f^ 4fi^ i&a/^ have pierced (b ii!f^.*
Which would but lead me to z'worfe relapfe^
And heavier fail: fo ihould I pur chafe i/<far
^^^r/ intermiffion bought with double /mart.
This knows my Punifier^ therefore as j^
From granting He, as / from begging peace :
^// i&0p^ excluded thus. Mold inftead
Of us outcaft, exiVd his new delight^
Mankind created^ and for them this world.
So far ewel hope ; and with hoi^ farewel fear,
Farewel remorje : all good to me is loft ',
Evil be tbou my good', by tbee at lead
Divided Empire with Heaven's King I hold^
By thee> and more than half, perhaps^ fliall reign s
As man^ ere lopg, and tbif new world AmU know.

151

Malicb.

HOPBLBSS

Anguish.
Malicb.

FiXBD
Db8P«

Resolvbo
Obpub.
Mal. bent
(mMifchief.

1-4

XUL

15? LESSONS.

xui.

<

Walkikg in Sl^ep, and a distuhbeo CfOHim/

SCIENCE. [Macbeth.]

Enter Lady Macbeth ', with a t^per#

LisTB N 1 K e. Gent. TO K you, ! here Jhe comes. This is her

gulfe. Ob/erve her. Stand clofr.
WoND. Do6t, Her eyes are open.

Gent, jtyi but xhtwjenfe is Jhut.
Attbn. Doft.' /Fi&j/ is ic (he ^^^j now? Z^^^how Ihc

rubs her bands.

Gent. It is an accujlomed aStion with her ta
feem thus wajhing her i;^«^/. I have known her
continue this 2l quarter of an hour^
Guilt. La. Macb. Tet here's 2Ljpot\

At TEN. Do(5t. Harki {he /peaks.

La. Macb«

' The pupil, if he has not fecn Macbeth, mud be in-
formed, that Duncan, one of ihe ancient kings of Scotland^
was, according to Buchanan and other hiftorians, murdered
by Macbeth, cne of the nobles of that kingdom, at the infti-
gation of liis Lady, in their own houfc, in order to Macbcth's
afcending tlie throne; and that ^hakffpeart, in this fcene^
intends to reprefent her troubled in her fleep with guilt and
fear.

• There mud b# but little emphafu ufed in cxpreffing whatf
Jjady Macbeth fay >, becaufe it is but dreaming*

LESSONS. 153

La. Macb. Outy curkd/pot. Ouf, I fay—— Guilt.

^ One, two. Nowh the time to doit— Hell is Horror.

murly — Fie, my lord! kjoldier afraid I What Encou.
need wc fear ? Who knov)f\t ? Who hsis power to

call us to account ? — But who could have thought^ Guilt.
the old man had ^ muck blood in him ?

Gent. Do you mark that ? Attem.

La. Macb. The Thane of Fife is a married « ***

OUSP.

mflJh Where is bis wife now ? Murdered, did you Guilt.

fty ? Who could be fi> bloody to mangle {uch/weet^

nffs ? — What, will thefe hands never be clean ? No

nwce of tbat^ my lord; no more of that. You Encou.

mar all with yoyr parting — Here is the fmell.of Guilt.

Hood ftill — All the perfumes of Arabia will not

fwceten this little band* . Ob, oh, oh \ Anguish.

Dod. What ^>Jigb was there 1 That heart is Suspicion.
forefy charged. TKv^ difeafe.\% hcfovid' my prac^
tice.

La. Macb, Wajh^your bands, put on your Encoix*
night-gown. Take courage — I tell you Banquo
is buried, all but the blood that was fhed at his dip
patching ; and that has no likenefs to be known by.
Are you afraid he'll come out of his grave again ?
To bed J to bed, to bed. There is a knocking at the Fear.
gate. Come, come^ come. What is done cannot be
undone. To bed^ to bed, to bed.

^ *^ 0/tCy itvo" maft be.rpoken as counting a^great clock*

XLIU.

»54

LESSONS.

XUII.

Intriatino. Complaint of injury.

Refusing.

The Embafly from Agamemnon to Achilles (after
the latter had^ in difguft^ retired from the araiy)
to endeavour to prevail widi him to return^ and
join the allies againft the Trojans. Ulyfles at
table^ in Achilles's tentj fpeaks.

SuBMis. VEALTH to Acbilks ! Uafpj are xSaygueftsl
"0^'- Not thofe more honoured whom Atrides feafts ;

Tho' gen' rous plenty crown thy loaded hoards ;

That Agamemnon' % regal tent affords.
Anxiety. But greater cares fit heavy on ow fouls ;

Not eas'd by banquets^ or by flowing bowls.
Sympathy. VfliZt/cenes ofjlaugbter in yon fields appear ^

The dead we mourns and for the living fear.
Apprehen- Greece on the brink of fate all doubtful Jlands^
^^^^' And owns nohelpj but from tbyfaving bands.

Troy, and her fons, for ready vengeance call :

Their threatening tents Blrcadyjbade our wall.

Hear how with fiouts their conquers %hcy proclaim^

And point at ev*ry Jhip the vengeful flame.
Awe For them the Father of the gods declares y

with Theirs afe his omens, and Jiis thunder theirs.

LESSONS. 155

Stty fill! cijove, avenging HeSor rife ! "J Txiror.

jiO human force the raging chief Jejles 5 .

Whzt fury in his h^eaft^ what lightning in his eyes !

He waits but for the momj to link in flame

Tht Jhips^ the Greeks, and « // the Grecian name.

Return, Achilles! Ob return, tho' late. Beseech*

To/ave thy Greeks, and Jiop the couffe of fate 5 **'*'•

If in that i&^^r/ or grief, or courage lies,

Kife to redeem : ah jr^/ to conquer rife.

The Jispr may r^ivir^ when^ all omt wartriors flain^ Warn i no.

That heart fhall m^//j that courage rife in ^^^iir.

He afterwards enumerates the advantageous con-
ditions offered by Agamemnon^ to engage him
to return. To all which Achilles gives the
following anfwer.

Ulyjfes « / — ^hear Stern

* A faithful Jfeech, that knows nor ^rr/, nor /f^r. F>*m^"«»
What in my ftCTtt/oul is underfiood
My tongue Ihall utter, and my deeds make good.
Let Greece then know^ my purpofe I retain.
Nor with new treaties vex my peace in vain.
Jjing toils, long perils in their caufe I bore: Displeai.

But no'ug th* unfruitful glories charm no more.
Fight, or not fight, a /i^^ reward we claim ; Exprobra-

The wretch and A^e?, find their /r/z^ xkitfame \
^like regretted in the ^/{/? he /rW,
'Vf \io yields ignobly, or who bravely dies.

Of

TION.

X «

UixfisP* is to be f^ken 9fi % whole fentence.

156 LESSON S.

Of all my dangers^ all nriy glorious pahs,
A life of labouts i lo, vfhztfruii remains !
As the iold bird her belplejs young attends^
From danger guards them, and from want defendi\
In.fearch ofprey ftit wings xhtjfacious air^
And with unidfted focd/uf plies her care ;
Fpr tbankkjs Greece fuch hardjbips have I brav'd^
Her matrons, and her /«i</ipr infants Jav' d^
Long Jleeplejs nights in i^<w{y tfiw^ hi^tfteod.
And fpent laborious days in ^z^- and ^/oo</.
I fack'd twelve ample cities on (He iN^'ifi
Axid twelve \zyJ7k0king on the Trojan plain.
Then at Atrides" haughty feet #»c /ifiW
The wealth I gdiher^d, End the ^ils I made.

Snb BR Ybur mighty monarch theje m peace pojfeji ;

Rbpr^ Some/<rw my/oldiers had ; him/elf xhc reft.

JVrong^d in my /w^, all proffers I dijdain j

Rbsol. 'Deceived for c/r^^, I /r/(^ »^/ kings again.

Refu. Yc Ajw my an/wer — ♦What remains to do,

•Snber, Your king y Ulyjesy rmy con/ult mth you.

What needs he the defence /i?/V ^r/w can make ?
Has he not walls, no humati force Q2S\Jhake ?
Has he not fenc*d his guarded ^^^^y^ r^^/j^
With ^//<fj, with ramparts y and a trench prof cundf
And will not /i&f/Jr, the wchders he ha6 ^6W,
jR^^/ the rage of Priam*s fingle/c» ?

Sblf- There wjj ^ time(*tw^ when for Greece I fought)

^oiiMBND. When HeSor's prowefs nofuch wonders wrought.

He kept the wr^^? of Tr^jy, nor dar'd to wait
Achilles^ vengeance at the Scscan gate.

But

1

LESSON $•

But now thpie de^dh QoHfifts Rr^ qo mt^
7'o-morro'ut y^ the fev'ring|[a^i in^lfire i
Then (hall ye fee our farting veffils crown* d^
And hear with oars the Hellafpont n/ound.
Then tell your king, that i»// the Greeks rnay fo^j
And learn tojccrn the nnan they bafely fear.
(For arm*d in impudence^ mankind he bravei^
And meditates new cheats on all his/i/i;^^ i
Tho' Jhamele/s as he is, to meet thefe ^^j
1$ wh^t h^ d^es not : if he darei^ b^ dw-J
Tell him, all terms^ all eoffmene^ I decline,
li or Jbare his coun/els, nor his battles join :
For, once dcceiv'd was bis ; but tutif^ were ntinf.
My fates i long fince by Tietis were di/clos'di
And each alternate, life, or fame, apropos* d.
Here iflj^aj before the Trojan iown^
Short is my date ; but deathlefs my renown.
If I return, I quit immortal ^r^zj/Jr
V-or years on j^^-f, and /^»g^ extended i&y/.
Convinced, tho' /j/^,. I /;;^ my fond mijtake.
And wtfTff the Greeks the wf/lfr choree to make':
To yw/ thefcj^^^jj their native feats enjoy.
Nor hope the fall of beav*n-defended Troy.
Life is not to be bought with heaps of geld i
Not all, Apollo'% Pythian treasures bold.
Or Troy once held, in peace and pride of fway.
Can bribe the poor fojfsffion of a day.
Lx>ft Afr^j and treafures we by ^riwj regain,
And ftceds unrival'd on the ^/(^^ ^/tf//!?*

But,

Resolu*

TION.

Insult,

Fixed
JIatres.

Resolv*

TION.

Advisino.

Serious
Reflexiok.

r^

^

1

158 LESSONS-

But, from our lips the vital ^irii Red
Returns no mare to wake thtfilent dead.

He concludes with declaring his detennined re«-
folution not to return. And the ambafladors
cake their leave, to go back to the army.

XUV.

Humorous foene from ShakeJ^eare\ Midsummer

Night's Dream.

Quince, Snug» Bottom, Flute^ Snowt, and

Starveling.

Enqu. Quince. TS all our company i&^^/

DiRccTiKc. 1. Bot. You had beft call them coih-

jungly ztA/everally^ generally zod /pecially, that
is^ whereof to call them man by man^ according
to thc/crip.

Informing, Quin. Here is the fcroll of evefy man's name,

in this town, that is fit to be feen upon the ftage
before the duke and ducbe/s.

DiRBCTiNc. Bot. ^Good Peter ^ince, go to work in t

method. B^in at the top, and go on to the tot^
torn ; that is, whereof as a man may fay, firft
tell us what die play treats of, then read the names

of

y." Good Piter ^imcg,'* Sec. To be fpoken with a great
affi^fation of wtfiiom $ bat in a ciumj^ and rufiic mantur.

I

1

L E S S O N S. ^ 159

of the aSorSj and fo your bufinefs will ftahd by
itfelf as regular^ as a building fee upon the very
fhmacle o( its foundation.

Quin* Why then^ the play is the moft deleS* Inforiiiho.
able and lamentable comedy entituled and called^
The cruel tragedy of the death of Pyramus and

rbijbyl
Bot. A. Ytry moving play ylyfdiTznt It. Avery Pitt.

deep tragedy^ I know by the found of the title of

it. Pyramus and I'bijby ! I fuppofe they are to

have their throats cut from ear to ear, or their

bellies ripped up from the waift-bands of their

breeches to their chins. Well^ now^ good Peter, Dirictxho.

call forth your affors by the fcrowL Majlers,

ipread yourfelres out into a cluni^, every man^

conjuM£lly by himfelf.

Quin. Anfwer, as I r^// you. iVFr^ Bottom, Avth.

Bot. Ready. Name my part, znd proceed. Apfbc,
Quin. You^ iV/Vi Bottom, are fet down for Smartnbss.

Bot. I am to play Pyr^imj f Well^ and who Avth.
is Pyramus ? K gentleman or zfimple man ? Em^*

Quin. Pyramus is a /^x^^^ and 9%^ is his Tbacriiig.
fweetheart. Pyramus kills himfelf for grief, be- .
caule a //^ had got hold of Thifby's cloak, and
tore \X, which makes Pyramus conclude, as how he
had tore her too^ and ^^/^ her i(^^ all but the
cloak ; whereof be had not touched her. So that
poor Pyram\js lofcs his life, d*ye fee, for nothing

at

i6o

AVTKEHEV'
8X0N.

Bombast.

Rakt.

LESSONS.

tf/ alii whereof you know, that is enough to mi
a man bang bimjelf.

Bot. What then, am I to hang myfelf for v^ji^
oniony bccaufc I had killed myfelf for nothing f

Quin, No ; that is not in the play.

Bot. Here will be /alt fears wept, or I am
miftaken. An I be the man, that adts this lame
PyramuSy let the ladies look to their eyes. I will
condole and congratulate to fome tune. I will^^i
every heart that is not ^double -hooped with fitnf.
I have a i9tf/» notion of a£bing your lovyevy that it
crojfed in /w^. There is but ^;;^ /^^V/^, that is
more to my humour than your tribulation lovyer.
That is, your tyrant ; your thundering tyrant. I
could play you, for example, I could play you
fuch a tyrant as Ilerricoles % when he gets on th(
brimftonejhirti and is all on j!r^; as theunluck]
boys burn a great rat alive with fpirits. An<
thert, when he takes up little— what's his name"
—•to fquir him off of the cliff inxo tht Jed.
then 'tisfrie^y " I'll fplit the ragifrg rocks 5 ant
*' Jhiv'ring Jhccksy with thundering knocks^ fhal
** break the locks of pri/cn gates. And FebaVs
car ihall ftnne from far^ and yti»^/^ war^ wii

* Hercules. • Lichas.

** This bombaftic pafTage (probably intended to nik'
foin^ play written in Shakcl pearls time) cannot be too mi
mouthed and ranted.

^ Phcebus's.

L E S SO N S. i6i

*' m^fMi/cary anti make zmd mftt iht ftubh$m

^' fates.'* There is your .right tragedy ftuflu AppLAuaB*

This is Herricole's Viin to a hair. Thia is y^ur

only true tjranfs vein* Your Icvyer^s v^n is mpre

upon the condoling and congratulating^ Now, P^- Direct-

ter ^inccy name the r</? .of the playeti* • * '^ ° *

Quin. Francis Flute j bellows^mender^ Autho.

Flute. Here^ Peter ^incei , r Affbctat..

Quin. * Francis, you muft take Y'Aj^oa you. Sm artn.

Flute, t ff^at, that is to be Nick Bettom'% * ^^J*^";
fwcetheart, and to have my cloak worried alive by Dou«t.
the gireat hajt f ' Why, Peter, I have a hard a
coming. I fhan't make a r/^^ vfoman, as you
may fay, unlcfs it Were Mrs. What d'ye call her,
Mrs. Tibby's mother ox aunt. Has npt the gen- EK<yy..
tkwdman of the play a mother, or an ai^i^/, that
appear^?

Quin. Tesi hat jou muft do T^hijl^i You Encou.
will do ^bijby well enough, man. You Ihall do it
in a majk. Robin Starveling, taylor. Autho.

Star. Here, PeJer ^ince. Affect at.

Quin. %Tou muft play Pyramus's father % I Smartk.
will play thifiy's father i Flute muft play Thijby ; * ^uth.
«fici 4$!«^te;/ Tbifbfs mother. Simon Snug, joiner.

Snug. Here, Peter Quince. Affect at.

Quin. I Simon, you muft a£b the part of the Smart.
lion. llAuTH.

Snug. Heb! the part of the lion^ do you fay, E^qv.
Peter Quince? Why I never made z[heaji of p)y-

M fclf

j6l

LESSONS.

Bnc0u«

Detrmt.

£nco«.

Advising.

felf in my lifey but ntno and /i^e/r> wben I hx¥tr
drunk a ofp Uo much.

Quid. Pfoaw^ pjbawy a ^^//^ mim^ thao jroir
#r / ri/ii^^ has been made a ^riT/? before s^tvi ay^
and a i^rji'^ ^r^^ too. But the liw ia a r#|Mf
^^^^ the Ai)a^ of beafts. So> Simoiij you muft
play the part of the Hon.

Snug. Wellj but an it be a long part, I can't
remmbar jt ; for I have but a ^^^ ^rtf m» Let
me fee how many pages.

Quin. Why, Simon, itv^noivfritten. And^
for the matter of that, you may do it offhand. It .
is nothing but roaring.

Bot. I'll tell you u^/, Peter ^incei you

were better to let me aft the part of the limu

Simon Snug is but a ben-hearted fort of a fellow.

He won't roar you fo loud as a moufe in the hole

BoASTTKc. in the Wi?//. But, if you will Ittme play the part»

I will make fijch a noi/e, as ihall do any man'^
heart good to hear me. I will roar, that the duke
Ihall cry. Encore, encore, let him roar, let him
r^ar^ once mote, once more.

Quin. But if you were too terribfe, yoB
might frighten the ducbejs and the ladies^ that
they would Jhriek, and that were enough to bang
us all.

Bot. jly, if the duchefs and the ladies wese
frighted out of their ir//j, to be fure, perhaps,
they oaight have no more wit, than to get us sXL

hang'd »

CAlfTIOH-
ING.

Srlf-vim*

DICAllOK.

LESSONS. 163

bMg'd% iMtt ^Qyo» timk, Pecer Qs^notl dutt I
luvc m mom ii$bumanity h my oaiurr^ diM to

wyfHikCf ihat 1 would mtr foa: ns gftfiig as any
Juc^ttg d§^€i I would imr you an it Dittr aoy
mghtinpde.

Qum« I il^iV jTM, Nidc Bottom, hold your Auth*
/ojiKgw, widi your rsarb^f jiid let your liearc 'm
T^. You Aiall' play «m^; hvsCPyr^fkus.

Bot. lYeil; if 1 1991^^ I Mi^. What cannot be Svbiiu«
endur^d^ you iir^w, muft be r»rV. But what g^^i^^
beard were I beft to play it in ?

Quin. You muft' not liave on zgrey beard> Diatcr-
vou know i becaufe it will not Ipok natural for '*^'
a man with a grey beard to be ading the part of

Bot^ Wby« hek ycu^ M^r Peter •Quinoe, I Sblv-yin-
don't thiftk: it &m very umatural to fee people, «>*catiok,
with gyey beards, afting the part of. iv^ers i as
leaft, I am fure, it had not need be wmatiirali {oit
it is common enough. But, howfomdever, it wilf

' look ,% linle unnatural, as you fay, to ice die
ymo^JOiBmaK^ Mcs. Tibby, fondling and looking

fweet lupmi a man with a grityJhdrJ; Wherefore
upon miniure Iteration, I will pfaty it iii a beard

Quin« Here^ then, Mafiers \ take your parts, Exbout^
and con,ikyexi attr Modi as nxtdb^y^lMr/i>r as you
can 1^ thit you may be Jready oo ,t^»J$ by tch- '
morrow n^t. ^ .

M 2 Bot,

5[^64 LESSONS.

E N <^ . Bot, But where muft wc rebear/e, Peter Quince?

Apprbhen- * Quin. Why, you know, if we fhould go ta

*'^"* rehearfe in a garret, or a nult-loft, we fhould but

draw a moij and perhaps get ourfelves taken up

CoNTRiv. for cr&mancerj. Therefore we muft go to the

palace wood, and do it by moonlight. Thetf you
know, we fiiall do it with dacity and impofure of
mindy when there is no body to deplaudyOt to bifsm
Bot. Eighty Peter Quince. We wUl be ready
for you. ; [Exeutit.]

• «

Narra-
tion.

XLV,

Chiding.

The fpeech of Heftor to Paris, on his avoiding, ,
on the field of battle, Menelaus, the hufband J
of Helen, whom he had decoyed from Spartaji
to Troy, which occadoned the Trojan war««.
[Pope'^ Horn. II. III. v. 53.]

AS godlike Heilor fees the prince retreat, .
He thus upbraids him with a gen 'rous heat
Rbprov. « Unhappy Paris I But to women — brave i

'* So fairly, form' dt and only to deceive I
Vexation. « Ob hadft thou dfd^ when fitftlYiOxx/a^f'ft

.. .'.;:- " ligbty . .' ■ .

*^ Or dy'd at leafi before the nuptial rite /. .
Contempt. « A better fate, tikzn vainly i\\usi to ha^

** Axidjlyy ti:\t fcandal of the Trojan bofi.

€€

LESSON S, 165

" Gods! haw the fcorn/ul Greeks exult to fee . Vexatiok.

** Their fears of danger undeceived in thee!

** Thy Jigure promis d with. a martial air j Contempt.

** But /// thy Joul fupplieg ^form fo fair.

** In forpier day Sy in all thy gallant ^ride^ ^

"When thy taH* (hips triumphant ftemm'd xht

tide;
*V When Grec^;? hehdd thy painted camj^fltav^
". An4 crowds ll^ood wondering at xht pitlfingftiivivi
" Say, was it /i«j, with fuch a baffled mien, . EN<yj.
*1 You ipct th' approaches of the SpartatL^uee^ ? ^ ^^
** Thusfromhtx realm convey dtifLcbeauteompri^^
'* And ^^/i her warlike lords ^ outjhone in Helenas

^^ This /i^^^, ^y foes delight^ iky &wn difgrAte^ , -5

*^ Thy father* s grief zad rtfm of thy face^ -^

** This ^^^^ recalls thee to the proflfejr'cj jf^i&/ ;
** Or haft thou /i^'i^rV whom thou ^ar^ apt r/^^/^ Chal-
^* Soon to thy cojl hi& /word would njakc thee ^^^°*'

" ^//^w,

** Thou i^^*^ the conjort of a braver foe.
*^ Thy graceful formy inftilling/^/ ^ij/fr^,
^* Thy curling trejfes^ and xhyjilver lyre^
^ ' Beauty and j^«/i& — in i;^/» to /i?^ you /ri(^y Wa r n i n g .
** When^t?«/i&and ^^tf«/yfhallbc Ai/V/in //-^« . - J

** Trey yet may w^it^, and one avenging blow Threaten-
*^ Chj/fe the dire author of his country's woe** *ng.

M 3 XLVI.

' Thefeusj her firft« and Menelaus> her fecond huibaad*

x66 L ]S S S O N 9.

LXVL

RiuoRu. Confession. Virtuous ftESOfcu^
TiON. Affection. Joy. Raptu]1£.

Scene between Sir Charles Etfy ind his ladfy (to
« whom he had been falfe) after his eotrting to
underftand, that his falfehood was knOWh to
her, thotrgh borne widiout the k jft complaint*
t)r outwani appearance of dilHitii^aAioh,; on
her J)art.

SfEioui SirCh. QIT JliU, vay detr-1 want to talk

CoMVERs. O with you -^and, which you well itiay"

wondm at) what I have to fay is of impart and
too# But it is in order to our friendjbip'% being
upon a titter fd$t hereafter, than it has been
hitherto.

Apfbc. LadyEafy. Your behaviour to w^, Sir Charfcs,

^^ has always been friendly and loving ; nor can I

charge you with a looky that ever had the appear^
anc€ of unkininefs.

CoMPLiM. SirCh. Tht perpetual Jpring o£ yovir good hu^

mourj Madam, lets me draw no merit from what
I have appeared to be. For you fcem to be of a
temper to love^ or at leaft to behave kindly y to your
bujbandy let his charaSler be v)hat it ivill. Yet I
cannot, even nowy reconcile, with your good/en/e,
2 your

LESSONS. 167

your venturing upon marriagi with a m^n of my
inJoUnt character.

I^d. Eafy. I never thought it fuch a b4zard. Sob missive

And your having never Jbewn^ even in the time ^'''^tioh.

ef courtjhipf the le^ifi affixation to \fc uny thing,

but what you was by nature ; and your (hewing,

through that carelejke/i o£ temper, an undeHgn-

lag benejy of mind, which I fuTpedcd a want of

in/mootber behaviour, won me by taking ir^/^;yi to,

%Din me, and f leafed and cwrtedtnt by taking no

pains to ^/^^^ OT*^$trt me. I cioticludedi chat

yir^i^ a /^/r could never be delihiraiely unkind^

Or, at the worji, I hoped^ that any errors which

might arife from want of thinking, ought be

<^(tfni^ ; and that one momeat's thought woukl etid

Mheau Thus, Sir CharleSp you foe my worfi of

^^ars. And /i&^, weighed againft the h^s I

liad of winning your heart (as you know, our toL

-suie not too diffident of the power of our own

charms) were as nothing.

Sir Ch. My dear, your undet^Jtanding^ when I WoNDtm.
<onfidcr my ^re^is eonduS, JUrtles me ; and makes
my own look defpiiable. I hlufii to think,! have Shams.
worn fb valuable z jewel in my bofom^ and, till
/^£y i^Mrr, have fcarce had the curiojity, or rather
the common Jenfe, to think of lovitMg upon its
luftre.

Lad. Eafy. You let too high a value, Sir Sblf-di-
Charles, on the common qualities of harmlejfne/s ''*-^^'
and good-nature in a te^^.

M 4 Sir

i69 LESSONS.

pRAisK. Sir Ch. VirtueSy like benefits^ are doubled by;

Shamb. htingmodejlly concealed. And I conM^, \fufpe9

yoii, Madam, o( virtues ^ which, as much as they

exalt your charaSer^ dif grace mine.
Appkehbn. Lad. Eafy. I don't underjland you^ Sir

Charles*
Trbpida- Sir Ch. I muft (peak plainer then—Be /ree,

'^^^^' and tell me, where did you leave this bandker'*

chiep f
Start. Lad. Eafy. Ha!

Tenders. Sir Ch. What do you ftart zx.i~Tou have
Shame. nothing to be troubled about.— Would to Heaven

I had as V/V/A?. [Afide.]' ^ ,

Anxiety. Lad. Eafy. I cannot Jpeak — and I could wifo

you would not oblige me— It is Ac only thing. I

ever refujed you— And, thouj^ 1 cannot give you
Intreat- a rea/ony why I would not fpeak, yiet I hope, you

will excuje mc, without a reafon.
Stinging Sir Ch. What then ! Does this delicate creature

Remorse, jcruple to accuje me of what I have> little f erupted.
' to be guilty of I JAonfier I To injure Juch gobdnejs I

(Afidc]

Tendirn. WelU then, Madam^ your will Ihall be a reafoni

with J ^jjj ^^^^ jj^g ^^/W no farther. And, indeed, it

would iV/ become me... Since you are Jo generoufy
tender of reproaching me, I will declare to you,
that what your delicacy avoids charging me with»

that

•

^ It was by the handkerchief, that he knew lus bafeneia was
difcQvcre4 by his lady.

LESSONS. 169

^t my oteik refieSion bears borne upon me with

ienfoU force. Your heroic behaviour hzz wak'd Remorsk.

Oic to ^.Jenfe of your difquief /><?/?— difquiet fo

unwcrtbily caufed by me — and — and — ^[hcfi-

uting through fullnefs of heart] fb nobly borne

by — her — who leaft deferred to be forced to bear

it. — But, Madans^ — [Qghing] if I ib^w ufed you Virtuous

ill— I hope I hai^ Jentiment trnw^h Jiill left to J/^^l'"" ^

lecure you fix>m all fear of my offending bere*^

after. As an eameft of which^ let, me beg of you In t r e at.

to difcbargeyo^T womam

L^d* Eafy. My deleft! Vtbink not of her. Otir-
Yo\jr tendernefs overcomes mc. t Weeping.} ^°^'**

Sir Ch. Nayy/urelj, you have no room to Joy.
prsdkmy tendemefs. Such tendemefs, as I have p^^Val
ihewn to worth Vikc yours, might — but I fee you Remorse.
are in pain to give me this confujion. I will not^ Tendern.
therefore, increafe j^^irr uneafinejs by refleftions on
whdt Jbaye been; but rather, referving them for
my private recolleSionSy try to Joctbe your anguifb
by the pro/peS of bappinejs to r^m^— happineis
from my reciroery to 2ijenfe of your inimitable ex^
cellencCi which hereafter I intend fhall be the bufi--
nefs and the joy of my life to ftudy, and admire. Protest.
ExpeS then, thou beji of womankind, from my/k^ . °^
/«rr affeffion, all that can be conceived of /^i/(fr
and of ib/iTi/. Nothing, you can expeEt, ihall ^^im
ftfp to what you Ihall experience ; for w tendemefs
can equal your dejervings- at the hands of fuch a

huA)and

17°

lessons;

kufbaod as I have Mlifrto been. Reteive m^

then, entire at A^, and take what na wmau ever

trufy bad-^not even your mcowtparaUt ftlf—mf

emquered Jfeort. [Embracing.]

Ihixpbeis. Lad. Eafy. O my recovered^ my ttlwu^. UJt,

Tran». ^y ine/imaiie jewti! — My hii^and t~My lovet

Love and -^O' w/ij^ of Jey .'—Tee mtcb for j^jums b»-

J*"f- titre .'"Thus to have art I /««* on tf«r/A come

vohnsarify-tMd unftlkitedj to /so^ me with ktMd^

nefsy and rrowM me with bsppine/i f What U the

rapture of the lover fighir^' at onr (at, to thejtiid

• jffyo(reciivingtiKrrlenli»g,rttitrmHgbit^and! O

Pious dtarejl love t Be not foprtfii/ely Mnd. O Heaven I

G*AT. Teach me tt> fliew grgtUude /uitakU to fucb a

bleffing!

Discontent. Exciting. Reproaching.

f LOTTING.

The fcene, in which Caflius excites BnJtus to op-
pofeCarTar's "povitT. [Sbakejpear't Jtx. C^s.j

D.scoN. Ci(.~~j:^0NOUR is dte/u^eSofmyAery:
I cannot-nill, what ^OK, and <ri«r men
Think of this7r/r, huthT vryfingUJelf,
I'd n.'Cpxrfieep i* th' dufl, than live to be
, CewTiMPT. •" ^'■i' ofyiici a thing as I myjelf.
''-faivi. I was hwnfree OS C^r. So vat you,

Wc

K

n

cc

€€

LESSONS. 171

Wc htb havc/Jftf as weffy and we cair htb

Endure the wintcr's^ cvkl as well aS he.

Fofonteupon a r^tt^and^a;fy day, * Narrat.

The troubled Tiber cBaffing with hisy&^x, * witk

Csdar fays to me, " Dar*^ thou, Caiffius, now Qvest.
Leap in with me into this angry floods
And/wim to yonder point ?^' Upon the w^ri/,

Jlccoutred as I w^?j, ^ I plunged in^

And bad him follow ; fo indeed he did. Cou race.

The torrent roar^d^ and we did 3/(^ it

With bifty finewSy throwing it afidej " *

hxid fiemming it with hearts o^ controverjj.

But ere wc ccmld arri'oe the point |^^jV, Fear.

Caefar cryU "'Hrjjp me, Caffius, or I j?77;t/' /^anY"*'

* Then, as -i^^/if, our great tf»r?^^r, Intreat,

Did from xht flames of ?Vvy npon Jiis^wA/^fr^r * Copeaci.

The old'AncbiJes hear^ fo, from the fe;^JVtfj of Tilery

Did I the ft>^// G^Jw' : f and /Wj »j£2« t Wojcder.

Is >r^ir become a ^^, and Caffius is \

A wretched creature y and muft bend\a% hody^ ' Contempt.

If C^far careleftly but ;f^i/ to him.

He had an a^te^ when he was in Spain, Narrat.

Aind when the j& was on him, I did mark ^ ^^'^

How he Svdflsakez 'tis /r«/i&, this god d\djbake ;

His coward lips did from their colour fly ^

And that fame ^5^^, whofe ^^^doth awe the w^fW, Rant.

Did lofe its /ar^^ j I did bear him ^rewir : Contempt

' This ptflage eaimot be expreffed with life, wkhoat (aa»* -
cUng of ihe a^ion ofjwimming.

172

Sickness.

WONDEE.

LiSTEIt.

Wonder.

DiSCON.

Rant.

RscRSt«

Exciting.

Wonder.

• CON-
lEMPT.

LESSONS.

Ayy and that tongue of his^ that bad the Romans -^
Mark hhn^ and write his/peecbes in their tooksp ^
jilas, it cry*di " Give me fomc drink, Titinius,"— -
As d.^ck girl. Ye gods, it doth amaze me,
A man of fuch z, feeble temper fliould
So get the Jiart of the majeftic worlds
And bear the palm alone.

Bru. Another general jhout I
I do believe^ that their applaufes are
For fome new honours that are heaped on Cdjar.

Caf. Why, man, he doth befiride the narrow-
world
Like a Colojus, and we forry dwarfs •
Walk under his huge legs, ^nd peep about.
To find ourfclves dijhonourable graves. ,

Men fometimes have been mafiers of their fates : ;
T\it faulty dear Brutus, is not in om ft or s.
But in our/elves, that we are underlings.
Brutus and C^far ! ^what fhoold be in that C^farr^
Why (hould that name be founded more x}^^Xiyours f ^
Write them together j yours is as fair a name j •
tS'^t/;/^ them ; it doth become the mouth as w<// ;
Weigh them j it is as heavy i conjure with them;
Brutus will ^tf r/ a ^)&<?^ zs/oon as Cafar.
Now in the «<7»i^j of ^ // the ^^i/j at ^;/r^.
Upon what medt doth this our C^/ir feed.
That he is grown fo great? * Age thou 2LXtfhanCd\
Romcy thou haft /^^ the breed of »^^/^ bloods.
When went there by an age, fince the Sun fhone.
But it was fam'd with more than one man ?

Whw

lessons: 173

H^ben could they fay, 'till now^ who talk'd of Rome^

That her wiic walls incompafs'd but one man ?

Ob ! you and /have heard our fathers fay, Excitimc.

There was a Brutus once, that would have brook' d

A, wbip-'galVdJlave to lord it over Rome

As/oon as this dread Cajar.

^ Brut. 'That you do love me, I am nothing Approba-
jealousi 'T'ON.

"What you would work me to, I hzytfome aim j Serious

How I have thought of this, and of thefe times, J^q^k '^"^'

I ihall recount hereafter. For this frejenty

I wouid not (ib with love I might intreat you)

Be 2ny farther mov'd. What you hzvc faid, PLOTxtNCt

I will confider^i what you i&^t;/ to^^,

I will with patience hear, and find a /i/n ^

Both meet to it^jr, and anfwer iuch i^/f i^ things.

Till then, my noble friend, chew upon /ifri^s

Brutus had rather be a Lybian, Discon-

Tban to repute himlelf 2ifon of Rome,

Under fuch hard conditions,, as this time

Jfi like to lay upon us. [Exeunt.]

K The tku9jBttr of Bntfus being cool course, his fpeech is
to be exprefled accar4iM^ly.

TENT.

xLvm.

^7+ LESSONS.

XLvm.

Joy. Troubli. FL4TTERy. Daring. Fear.

Romantic Imagination.

Ere's account of her troublcfonnc Dream.
[Parad. Lost. B. V. V. 28.]

Tor and ' /~\ Sale in vhom iny thoughts find ■all rtftfit
'^'^- My^/wy, wy-ftrfeaiiMl Gltdl fee .

DisACitEB' Thy/0f«> aad mom raum'd. For I this mght '
r'mbmb O'scAnight-tiil Ais \ neoer paf^d) h«rc A-»i»'i—
*'Ifdream'd — ho/ri i «^/ am lonr/, of/iwj ■'
Works of day f^Jl ; or morraw'A Mxt drjign ;
But o( offence, aadlrmlU, which mynund
Knev never till this irl^ame .nigbt. Metfasug^t,-
Cloje at mine earaac call'd mc forth to woii,
With^fn/Zf-vfitM. I thought it /^iiK. it fnd,
Wheed. « ^,ty fieep'ft diou, £ofi Nowisthc^fie^atf

** time,
Plbasino " The foo/, xhzftlent, favc where filence yields
Ti^o""' " To the night «).»rWj»|;i<»"tff, that now awake,
" Tunes/ttJfff/tf^ his love-laheuredjong; Ttovreigns
*' Full-orb' dt\\t »KWH,and with mortf leafing light
" Shado'..vy fcCs o^the face oi things. ' In vtf«,
"If

' " If dream'd" The imprelEon being fo ftrong, that (be
: in doabt, whather it was a dream, or a reality.

lie. The pupil moA be told, that thli
No matter w'.iether any eartblj creature is awilu
your beauty."

LESS O N S.; 175

H l£nmer€gards. Heav'nvfdkesvmh^iilhh^jes^ Flatte&t.
^' fHnnn to behold but fba, nature's defirt?
^ In mhofc Jigbi all things joy wixhravi^ent,
*« yinraSed by diy beauty ^ftill to gazej'

. I r9fe^ 2S2X.thy call; but found thee not^ Narra^

To Jhtd thee I direSfed dien my walk 1 / '^^^^*

And on, methought, alone I pais'd throv^ tie/ir^j^
That biougfat me on z/udden to the/r^^ Apprehem-

Of interOaed kn(mle4e. Fair it fcem'd, "^''•

Mucbfmnr to my fancy, than by ^^ ; Wondbr«

And as I wondering loek'd, bejide «r ftood
Xyacfoap'd and winged like m^ c^ tbofe&om Heav*n
By us oftfeen ; his dewy /^r^r difiill'd
Amirt^. On that tree ^^ ^^i^ gaz'd ^
And, •' QfmrfUmty' feid he, «* mi^ fruit fur-* Plbasurb

^^ Deigns wirf to eafe thy i^i^ and /4/Sr uijfv^oet,
*' Nor ^0i/, nor man f- Is inowledge/o defpis*d ? £n(^.
^* Or «vjr. Of wbat refem/e forbids to /tf/?^ ?
'* F^r^u/. who toi7/> M^^ fball from «ii^ withhold Resolu-
*' Longer thy offered good, wfy elfe Jet here V '^'O'*-
This faid, ht paused not, but with venturous arm Fear.
licpluck'd, he /^^£/. Me ^^j^ii^ i&^fr^r chill'd
At iuch bold words, vouch'd with a deedfo bold.
But he thus overjoyed, " O fruit divine, Joy.

" ^te;^^/ of thyfelf, but much morefweet thus f r^?^/;
'* Forbidden here, it feems as only jf/
/* For ^tfi/i ; yet able to make gods of f»«f .*
^* And why not |^^^i of men, fince ^W, die more
*' Communicated^ more abundant grows,
- ' '* The

176 LESSONS.:

• " The Author not impaired, but honour' dm^r^?
Inviting. " ^^^* ^^^/V creature ! fahr^ angelic Eve I

" Partake thou aljo ; haipfy though thou arty
Platt. " Happier, thou may'^ te I worthier can' ft not bt t
Tbmptxkc. ^' ^afte this, ahd be benceferih among the gods^

" Tbjl/elf d^goddefs, not to earth confin'd,
^' But foinetimes in the air^ as we ; (bmetimes
" jifcend tQ.Heav*n, by merit thine, and fee
" What life the gods live /iS'/r^, andyZcrib live thou. '*

Fear. ^^ ^^Y^^S* ^ ^^^ ^^^' ^^^ ^^ ^^ ^'^y

Ev'n to my mouth of ihzt/ame fruit hdd ^tfr/.
Rising Which he had plucked. The pUafantJav'rjJmell

Dksire. So quickened appetite, that I> mcd)ougfat>

C^irA/ ir^/ but tafte. Forthwidi up to the clouds
Ro M A N T I c With him I flew, and underneath bdfeld
Imaoinat. The^tfr/A outftretch'd immenje, a proipedt tt;/^/^

And various. fFond'ring at my /r^ib/ and change

To this i^ff ib exaltation ; Juddenly

My ^friif was j^o/re^ and I» methought,^ib ^i^tt^ir^
jj>y. And fell afleepk But O b^w glad I wtf^V

To find this but a dream*

LESS O N S. 177

xux.

Anguisi! followed by Transport.

The (bene of Indiana's being found to be Mr.
Sealand's daughter. [Consc. Lov.}

lndm T A^ told. Sir, you CX)me about */(^;r^jr, Civility. .

A which requires your Ipeaking with w^.

Seal. Tes, Madam. There came to my hands
a bill drawn by Mr. Bevil, which is payable to^
morrow ; and as I have cajb of his, I have nude
bold to bring you the money mji/elf. — A— a— a— Confusion.
aodi to htfrec^ Madam, tlitfame of your beauty^
aad the r^srd which Mr. Bevjf is but toe well
kn^wn to have fee you, excited my curiofity.

Ind. TCoo well knw)n to have iotmel Your Offen.
fober apfearmice^ Sir, made qne expefi: no rude^
nefs^ or abjurdity from yoxx—ff^o waifs?— Sir, if
you pay the money to d,/ervanty it will be as welL

[Going.]

Seal. Pray, Madam, be not offended. I came Apology.
hither with an innocent j nay, a virtuous delign.
And, if you will have patience to bear me, it may
be oijervice to you, as well as to my only daughter,
on wbqfe account I come, and whom I was this
day to dijpoje of.

Ipd. £Afide.] In marriage with Mr. BeviU Apprehbns,
I fear. What I dreaded is come. But I mud

N compoje

178 LESSONS.

Recollect compofe myfclf, lipqffible. [To him.] Sir, you

rtizyjufpofe I fhall dejire to know any things which
may be intcrcfting to Mr. Bevil^ or to mjfelf.

CoNFu. As appearances are againft me with r^ard to his

bebavioufy I ought to forgive your fufpicion^

A^QL. Sir. Be free then ; I am compofed again. Go

ony Sir.

WoND. Seal. \ fearedyVcAtt^y zn unwarranted paffion

DrsAP h^vt. But I could not have thought any man

capable of abujingfo much lovelinejs and worthy as
your appearance^ and bebavkury befpeak. But &e
youth of our age care not wbat excellence they
dejiroy^ fo they can but gratify

ViNDic. Ind. ^Interrupting.] Sir, you are going into

Enqj;. very great errors. But pleafe to keep your fuf-

picionsy and acquaint me^ wby the care of your
daugbter obliges a perfon^ of your Jeeming rank,
to be thus inquijitive about a wretched^ belple/s,

Djstr. friendle/s-- [Weeps.'] I beg your pardon, good

AroL. Sir, — I am an orpban, who can call notbing in this

world my own, but my virtue-^Pray, good Sir,
go on.

Pity with Seal. How could Mr. Bevil tbink of injuring

DisAP. {uch fweetne/s !

ViNDic. Ind. You wrong hm, Sir. He never thought

Praise. of injuring me. His bounty he beftows for my

fupport, merely for the pleajure of doing good.

Enqu. TV^a arc the gentleman, I fuppofe, for whofe bappy

Ayvt\ V I Ns ^^^S^^^ ^^ ^^ defigned by his worthy fatber ; and

lie has conjentedy perhaps, to the propofal.

2 Scal^

with
Apprehens.

LESSONS. 179

Seal. I own, fuch a match was propofed j but Caut,
itjhall not proceed^ unlefs I zmfatisfiedy thsit^our Resol.
connexion with him may be conjiftent with it.

Ind. It is only^ Sir, from his aSions and his DisruEsSf
looksy that I have had any reajon to flatter myfelf
into the notion of his having any particular affec--
lion for me. From tbem^ I own, I was led into
the hope of what I earnefily wijhed^ that he had
thoughts of making me the partner of his heart.
But no'iv I find my fatal miftake. The goodnejs
and gentlenefs of his demeanour^ with the richnefs
of his benevolence^ made me mijinterpret al l
'Twas my (?w» A^p^, my «w» pajiony that deluded
me — /i5r »ry^ made (?;// amorous advance to me —
His generous heart and liberal hand mt2Lnt only to
help the mijerahle. And I — O /(?^/ that I was ! Self-cond;
— \ fondly fuflPered myfelf to be drawn into imagi^
nations too highy and too ambitious for my lowly
wretchednefs —Oh — oh — oh !

[Weeping]

Seal Make yourfelf eqjy. Madam, upon the CoMFOETi
fcore of my daughter, at lea^. The connexion be-
tween Mr. Bevil and her is not gone fo far as to
render it necejfary that your peace fhould be def"
troyed by fuch a marriage. Depend upon ir.
Madam, my daughter ihall never be the caufe of
your dijappfintment.

Ind. Sir, your fpeaking fo, makes me flill Distress
more wretched. Sl^all / be the caufe of injury to meightew.
Tny noble benefaStor ? Shall I, who have no pre-

N 2 tenjions

^

i8o LESSONS.

terfions to him, be the hindrance of his bappinefs f
Persu. Heaven fcrbidl Nc, Sir; give your daughter to the

wortbieji o( men. Give her to my generous Bevil —
d'istr. ^bey may be hapfy^ though I Jhculd run dif--

^"*^ traced. And, whilll I preferve vayfenjesy I will

'xeary Heaven with my prayers for their felicity.
DisTR. As for my o'von fate^ it is likely to hold on as it

L A M E N . ■ begun y a Jeries of wretchcdnejs — 'T was Heaven* s

high vcill that \ floould be wretched —T^Hatn cap-

tive in my cradle /^^ on the yjr^xj there

deprived of my mother —ihzt I fhould only /ft^^r of

my father; but never fee him that I fhould

. • * then be adopted by a Jirango* then /g/^ my

adopter that 1 fhould then be delivered from

the very jaws of poverty by the mofl amiable of
inankind - that 1 ihould give my fond ^ unthinki}ig
heart to this m.ofl charming oi his fex — and that
he fliould difappoiut all my romantic hopes y without
leaving mc the righty or the pretence of blaming-
rt^ one but rnyfclf. For, oh, I cannot reproac
him, though his friendly hand, that raifed me t
this height y now throws me down the precipice.
Oh ! [Weeping.

CoMF. Seal. Bear lady 1 Cof/7prfe yourfdf to patience- _
Pi IV. ifpoj/ible. My hc\-.rt bleeds for your dijirefs

And there is fomedung in your very Jirange ft
E N ix^ . r;, that rejtiuhles — Does Mr. Bevil kAow your hij

ti ry luvt ticularly f
Lami \. Ind. All is knovcn to him perfeHly. And it

n^v bic-xL'dze of w liat 1 w^is bv birlb; and whatr

Jhc

V

LESSONS. %Sx

fiould be now, that emitters all my mifery. I'll
tear2L^zy all traces of my former felfi all that
can put me in mind of what I was born to, and Frenz.
am mijerably fallen from. [In her difordcr ihe
throws away her bracelet, which Mr. Sealand
takes up, and looks eameftly on it.]

Seal. Hal sNhax means this ? Where am I? It Amaze.
is thc/ame! the very bracelet which my wife wore
at our lait mournful parting.

Ind. What faid you. Sir? Tour wife! IVbat Recollect.
may this mean ? That bracelet was my mother's,
^utyour name is Sealand. My \q^ father s name Trepida.

«,^«. TION.

was

Seal. [Interrupting.] Danvers, was it not ?

Ind. What new amazement! That was hi^ Amaze.
' jtame.

Seal. lam the true Mr. Danvers, though I joy.
have changed my name to Sealand — O my child y
my child. [Catching Indiana in his amis ]

Ind. yill-gracious Heaven ! Is it foffible ? Do
I embrace my father ?

Seal. O my child, my child! My fweet girl! Rapture. ^
My loft Indiana ! Refior'd to me as from the dead!
I now fee every feature of thy lamented mother in
thy lovely countenance ! O Heaven ! how are our
Jorrows paft overpaid by fuch a meeting ! To find
thee thus, to have it in my power to beftow thee
on thy noble lover, with a fortune not beneath his
acceptance.

N 3 Ind-

i82 LESSONS.

Ind. O it is more like a dream than reality !
Have I then z, father's fanBion to my love ! His
bounteous hand to give^ and make my heart a pre^
Jent worthy of my generous Bevil ?

Seal. Let us fend immediately to him, and in-
form him of this wondrous turn ; which (hews.

that

What'er the gcn'rous mind itjelf denies y
The fecret care of Providence fuppHes.

L.

Reproof.

Callifthenes's honeft fpeech in reproof of Cleon's
flattery to Alexander, on whom Cleon wanted
, divinity to be conferred by vote. [C^ Curt.
VIIL]

D1SPLEA8. TF the king ^tvtprejenty Cleon, there would be

jL no need of my anfwering to what you have

Reproof, juji propofed. He would himjelf reprove you for

endeavouring to draw him into an imitatitn of
foreign abfurditiesy and for bringing envy upon
him by fuch unmanly flattery. As he is abjent^
I take upon me to tell you in his name^ that no
praiie is laflingy but what is rational ; and that
you do what you can to lejin his glory, inftead
of adding to it. Heroes have never, among us,
been deifed^ till after their death. And, whatever

may

LESSONS. 183

raaybcyour way of thinking, Cleon, for my pari,
I wifh the king may not, for many years to come,
c^tain that honour. You have mentioned, as Re mom.
precedents of what you propo/ey Hercules and
Bacchus. Do you imagine^ Cleon, that they
were deified over a cup of wine ? And are you
and / qualified tb make gods ? Is the king, our
JovereigHy to receive his divinity from you and «w^,
who are Yns/ubjeSs ? Firft /ry yourjpow^, whc- Chal-
thcr you can make a king. It is, furely, eafier to ^^''°^-
make a ifc/»^ than a ^^^i to give an earthly domi-
nion than a /i&r^/r^ in Heaven, f I only wifh that f Apprb-
the gods may have heard, without offence^ the "*^^'
arrogant propofal you have made, of adding one
to their number ^ and that they may ftill be {o
propitious to us, as to grant the continuance of
that Juccefs to our affairs^ with which they have
hitherto favoured us. * For my party Izxanot "^ Honest
ajhamedoi my country \ nor do I approve of our P*^°*'
adopting the rites of foreign nations y or learning
from /i&«» how we ought to reverence our kings.
To receive /<jwj, or rules of conduft, from them^
what is it, but to confcfs our/elves inferior to
gbem?

N 4 U,

i84 LESSONS.

u.

Inculcating. Commanding. Intr£ating«

Warning.

The dying charge of Micipfa^ king of Numidia^
CO Jugurtha, whom he had adopted, and made
joint-heir to his kingdom, with his two fons
Adherbal and Hiempfal.

ExciTiico TT'^U know, Jugurtha, that I received you

TO Grati- JI^ under niy prettilion in your early youth,

when left a belplefs, and bepele/s orphan. I ad-
vanced you to high honours in my kingdom; in die
full affurance that you would prove grateful for
my kindnefs to you j and that, if I came to have
children of my own, you would ftudy to repay to
them that you owed to me. Hitherto 1 have

Co MM END A- had no reajon to repent of my favours to you.

Tiois, Yoi^ to omit z\\ former inftanoes of yow extracr^

dinary merit, your late behaviour in the Numantum
war has reflcftcd upon me, and my kingdom, a new
and diftinguijioed glory. You have, by your va^
lour, rendered the Roman commonwealth, which
before was well affe^ed to our intereft, much more
friendly^ In Spain, you have raifed the honour of
my name and crown. And you have furmounted
what is jyftly reckoned one of the greatefl difficult

ties j

L E S S O N S^ 185

ties ; having, by your merit, filenced envy. My
dijilution fccms now to be faft approaching. I Intreat.
therefore hejeecb and conjure you, my dear Ju-
gurtha, by this right hand -, by the remembrance of
my paft kindne/s to you j by the honour of my
kingdom, and by the majejiy of the gods ; be kind
to my two fonsy whom my favour to you has made
your brothers^i and do not think of forming a
connexion with tf»y granger to the prejudice of
your relations. It is not by ^rwj, nor by/r^tf- Warhikc,
y«rtf^, that a kingdom is fecured, but by well-affeH-
ed/ubjeSts and ^///Vj. And it is by faithful and Teachiho.
important fervicesi hat friendjbip (which neither
gold m\\ pur chafe, nor ^rwj extort) isfecured, Biit
what friendjbip is more perfeff than that which Re mom.
ought to obtain between brothers ? fVhat fidelity
can be expe£bed amongjirangers, if it is wanting
aniong relations? The kingdom, I /wy^ you, is in Warning.
good condition, if you govern \t properly 5 Mother^
wife, it is tt;^<?^. For by agreement, afmall ftate
increafes : by divijion^ ^ great one goes to n/w. It ■
vj^ill lie upon j^^n, Jugurtha, who are come to Inculcat.
riper years, than your brothers, to provide, that
no mifconduS produce any bad effeSl. And if any
difference fhould arife between you and your bro-
tbers, (which may the gods avert!) the public wijl Devot.
charge you, however innocent you may be, as the
^ZS^^S^^y becaufe your years and abilities give you
ihc/uferiorify. But I firmly perfuade myfelf, that Hope.

3 J^«

i86 LESSONS.

you will treat them with kindnefs^ and that they
will honour and efteem you^ as your diftinguijbed
virtue defcrves.

UL

Drunkenness \

[Shake/feat^ s Ot hello.]

Cafldo. T'LL be ha— [hiccoughs] Til be ha —
-■• hang'd, if thefe fellows han't ^ven me

a fil — a fil — a fillip on the brain-pan a

little one.

Montano. Why, good mafter lieutenant^ we
are not beyond pints a-piece, as I'm a fo — as
I'm a fo— as I'm a foldier. And that is a (hal-
low brain-pan^ which will not hold a poor pint of
good liquor.

lago. Some wine, ho ! [Sings.]

And let me the cannakin clink> clink^
And let me the cannakin clink.

A foldier's

*" It may, perhaps, feem ftrange to fome, that fuch a leiibn
as this fhould have a place. But^ bcfides the diverfion of fee-
ing drunkenncfs well imitated, the moral is good* For this
very frolic coft Cafiio his place.

It is needlefs to mark the emphatical words in this pafiage.
For drunkeRnefs deilroys all emphafis and propriet}'.

LESSONS. 187

A foldier's a man, and man's life's but a fpan,
Why then let a foldier have drink, drink.
Why then let a foldier have drink.
Some wine, boy !

Caflio. ril be fhot for a cow — for a cow —
for a coward, if that ben't an excellent fong.

lago. I learnt it in England, where indeed
they are moft potent at the pot. Your Dane,
your German, and your fwag-belly'd Hollander,
are nothing to your freeborn Englifhman. Did
you ever hear an Englifhman reckon up the pri-
vileges he has by birth-right ?

CafTio. No, good lago. What arc they,
pray ?

lago. Why, to fay what he pleafes of the go-
vernment; to eat more roaft beef, and drink
more port, than any three fubjefts of any other
country ; and to do whatever he pleafes, where-
cver he is. Therefore he raves at the beft king,
while your Frenchman worlhips the worftj he
breaks this week, the law he voted for laft week ;
and in all countries, he is winked at, when he
does what would fend a native to a mad*houfe -,
he eats you up the whole ox in lefs time* than
your Frenchman fwills the foup he makes of the
Ihins ; and as to drinking, he lays you France,
Auftria, and RufTia, among the table's feet, with
no more confcience at the tavern, than in the
field of battle.

Cafflo.

i88 LESSONS.

CaiTio. Here is our noble ge — our noble gc— ^
our noble general's health for ever.

Montano. Ay, ay^ good mailer lieutenant^
and as much longer as you pleafe.
lagb, O fwcet England !

King Stephen he was an a worthy peer.

His breeches coft him a whole crown ^
He held them fix-pence all too dear,
With that he call'd his taylor lown.
He has a wight of high renown.

And thou art but of low degree :
*Tis pride, that pulls the country down.
So take thy old cloke about thee.

ViXATiOK. Spiteful Joy.

The fcene between Shylock and Tubal. [Sbake^.

Mehch. of Vek'.]

QvEST. with Shyh ZJQW now. Tubals vfhat nezys frofn Ge^
Akxietv* ^ ^^ ^ Have you heard any thing of

my bac^iding daughter ?

Tufa.

' The pupil muft, if he does not know it, be told a Iktlc of
the plot, viz. That SKylock had fenx lubai in ieardi of hU
daughter, whom his ill ufage, and the impoitimity of licr
lover, had occafioned to elope from his houfe. .And that

Antofxio

L E S S O N S* 189

Tub, I often came V9herc I hearii o( htr -, but Disapp.
cokU not find her.

ShyK Why, tbere^ fbere, there! A diamond Vexat.
gone^ that coft me two thou/and dueats at Frank-
fort ! The cur/e never fell upon our nation till
now. I never felt it before* Two thou/and dneats
in that, and othtr precious, precious jewels ! I wifh Execrat.
Ihc lay dead at my foot, vjxAi iht jewels in her ear,
I would fhc were hearsed with the ducats in her
ccjffin. No news of them ! And I know net what Vexation.
/pent in the /ear ch. Lo/s upon lo/s. The tbief
gone vnth/o mucb ; andyi? much to find the thief \
and no/atisfaSion, no revenge, no ill iuck ftirring,
but what lights on my Jhoulders -, nofigbs, but o* my
breathing ; no tears, but o' my fhedding.

Tub. Yes, other men have /// luck too. Antonio, N a r it a-
as I heard in Genoa '^'^^'

Shyl. fFhat ! Has be had /// luck ? Spitef.

[Earn^My.] Jo^-

Tub. Has had tijhip caft away coming from Narra.
Tripoli.

Shyl. Thank Godi thank God. ^ Is it true? Is Spitef.
it true? l^X'

Tub. I Jpoke with ibme of the /aitvrs^ that Narra-
ycaped from die wreck.

Shyl.

Antonio was a merchant, mortally hated by Shylock, who
had borrowed a fum of money of Shylocic on the terms of his
forfeiting a pound of his fleftx, wherever Shylocic pleafcd to
cut iw in cafe of his failing to difcharge the debt on the day it
was due.

T 1 N .

190 LESSONS.

Spite p. ShyK I thank thee, good Tubals good news,

•^QuEST. S^^^ news. * Hn:>at in Genoay you fpokc with

chem?

Narra- Tub. Your daughter j5)^»r, in Genoa^ as I

^*^^' keard^ in one nighty twenty ducats.

Ancu. Shyl. Thou ftick'ft z dagger in me, I fhall

never fee my gold again. Twenty ducats at 2l Jit-
ting i Twenty ducats! — O Father Abraham /

Nar R A- Tub, There came divers of Antonio*s creditors

'^^^^* in my company to Venice, that fay, he cannot but

break.

Spitep. Shyl. Vmglad of it. I'll plague Kxm. Til

■^ ^ ^ ' torture him. I'm glad of it.

Narra- Tub. Onc of them fliewed me a ring he had

TioN. of your daughter for a Afo»^^.

Ancu. Shyl. Out Upon her! Thou /(?r/«r^ me, Tubal.

It was my ruby. I had it of Leah. I would not
have given it for as many monkeys as could (land
together upon the Rialto.

Narrat. Tub. Antonio is certainly undone.

Spitef. Shyl. jiyy ay J thtT^i%Jome comfort \nxi\zt. ||G^

H DiREc. Tubal, /if^ me an officers be/peak him to be readj.

• Cruel * I will be revenged on Antonio. I will wajb my

Resol. bands^ to the elbows, in his heart's blood.

[Exit.]

LIV.

■

L E S S O N S. igf

LIV.

Self-vindication.. Reproof.

The fpcech of C. Marius to the Romans, (hew-
ing the abfurdity of their hefitating to confer
on him the rank of general in the expedition
againft Jugurtha, merely on account of his ex-
traftion. [Saluji. Bell, Jugurthin.]

" TT is but too common^ rt\y countrymen, to Explain-

-■- obferve a material difference ^ between the ^?°'
behaviour of thofe, who ftand candidates for
places of power and truft, beforey and after their
obtaining them. Thty/olicit them in one man-
ner, ^nd execute them in another. ♦They fet •Sneer,
out with a great appearance of aHivity^ humility ^ ^ -
and moderation j f and they quickly fall into t Rbpr.
Jloth, pride, znd avarice. It is, undoubtedly, no Humility.
eq/y matter to difcharge, to the general fatisfac-
tion, the duty of a fupreme commander in trou-
blejome times. I am, I hope, dulyfenjible of the
importance of the office I propoie to take upon Anxiety.
me, for the fervice of my country. " To carry on,

with

.."* T)^ip^tc\i begins calmzsidLnoL See Tf^nquiUity^p, 14..
T^achi^f p. 19, &c.

IJ^carry on," &c. The antithefes, i^i this fentencci^

t*

snaft be r^fully mwked in pronouncing it.

r..k;^iA .«*

193 LESSONS.

with effe£}^ an exfenfive war, and yet be frugal
the public money j to oblige thofe lojerve^
it may be delicate to offend ; to conduct, at
fame time, i complicated variety of operations ;
concert meafures at home anfwerable to the ft?i ^f
of things abroad I and to gain every v^uable en -d,
in fpice of oppc/ition from the enviousy xhtfaSiot
and the difaffecled\ to do ail this, my count
men, is more difficult than is generally thougls r.
And, befides the difadvantages, which are coin—
montom^with all others in eminent ftations, ner^r

Co K T E M p T . cafe is, i n this refpe£iy peculiarly hard \ that, where—

as a commander o( patrician rank, if he is guilty^
of a neglect, or breach of duty, has his great cm-
weffionsj the antiquity of his family j the import-
znt ferviccs of his ancefors, and the nudiUudes he
has by po^Ji;er engaged in his intereft^ to fcreen

Set.f- him from condign punijhment: my whole fafety

Dtn N. depends upon myfelf\ which renders it the more

indifpenfably neccffary for me to take care, that
my conduA be clear and unexceptionable. Befides^
I am wtU aware, my countrymen, that the eye
of the public is upon me \ and that, though the
impartial y who prefer the real advantage of the
commonwealth to all other con fiderat ions, favour"^K^ J

Promi:inc. my pretenftonsy the patricians want nothing fas^^^

much as an occafion againft mc. It is, therefore^.'
my fixed refolutior.^ to ufe my beft endeavours.
iSxzxyou be not dif appointed in me, and that thei

indire(

^ i

LESSONS. 193

indireft defigns againft me may be defeated. I
havCj froin my ycuthy hctn familiar with toils y and Self-de-
with dangers. I v^diS faithful to your intcreft, my
^untrymen, when I fcrved you for no reiJDard
but that oi honour. It is not my dcfign to betray Grati.
you, now that you have conferred upon me a '*""^*
place oi profit. You have committed to my con-
duS the war againft Jugurtha. The patricians
are offended at this. But where would be the Contempt
wifdom of giving fuch a command to one oi their
honourable body, a perfon of illujlrious birth^ of
^^cient family y of innumerable JlatueSy but — of
^o experience? What fervice would his long line
<>f dead anceflorsy or his multitude of moticnlejs
fi<ituesy do his country in the day of battle ?
What could/^^i& a general do, but, in his trepi-
^tion and inexperience, have recourfe to fome
^^ferior commander, for direilion in difficulties^
^o which he vjzs not himfelf equal ? Thus, your
Patrician general would, in faft, liave a general
^^erbim; fo that, the ^^//;/|; commander would
•^'// be a plebeian. So true is thi?, my country-
men, that I have myfe If knov/n riiofe, who have
*^Ccn chofen confuls, begin then to read the hijlury
^f* their o*ivn country y of which till that timCy they
^»e totally ignorant ; that is, they firfi obtained
^*^c employment, and then bethought thcm-
*^lvcs of the qualifications necejfary for the proper
^i/cbarge of it. I fubmit to your judgment, Resp.

O Ronians,

V ^
i '

194- L E S S O N S.

Romans^ on which fide the advantage lies^ Tfrhcn s
connparifon is made between patrician baugbti'^

CoNT£Mi»T. nejs and plebeian experience. The very aSionSp

which they have only read, I have partly^^j and
partly my/elf atchieved. What they know by read'-
ing, I know by a£fion. They are pleafed to JUgbt
my mean ^/r/i& ; / de/pi/e their mean cbaraffersm
Want o( birth and f§r tune is the obje&ion againft

Qf BST. »^: Want of peffonal worth againft them. Butare

not all men of xhtjame fpecies ? What can make
a difference between one man and anodier^ but
the endowments of the mind ? For my part, \ ihaH
always look upon the braveft man as the nohUJi

Contempt, man. Suppofe it were enquired of the fathers of

fuch patricians, as Mbinus and Beftia, whethcft
if they had their choice, they would defire fniM
of their charafter or of mine \ what would they
anfwer j but that they (hould wifh the wortbitfi

Arcu. to be their fons ? If the patricians have reqfon to

j^g^" defpife me, let them likewife defpije their anceftors^

An TiTH. whofe nobility was the fruit of their virtue. Da

they envy the honours beftowed ujx)n me ? Let
them envy likewife my labours, my abftinence^ and
the dangers I have undergone for my country ;

Contempt, by which I have j^^«/r^^ them. Butthofe wortb'-^

lejs men lead fuch a life of inaElivityy as if they
dejpijed any honours you can beftow; whilft they
^zr^ to honours^ as if they had deferved them
by the moft induftrious virtue. They arrogate the

rewards

\

LESSONS. 195

^twarii of affivity for their haying enjoyed the
pUsfuns o£ iuxufy. Yet none can be more lavijb
than chcy are in prai/lf of their ancejiors^ And
they iaiagine they honour ibemfelves by celebrat-^
mg x}mvc ferrfaibirs. Whereas they do the very
contrary. For, by hpw much tbeir ancefiors were
4iftiMpu/bid for their viriuei, by fq much are tbey
dj^jfceJ by their vices. The glory of ancefitnrs
cafts a /igl^/, indeed^ upon their fcfterity : but it
only ferves to fhew what the defcendants are. It
alike exhibits to public view their degeneracy and
their worth. I own^ I /;^not boaft of the deeds
of my forefathers : but I hope I may anfwcr the
cavils of the patricians, by (landing up in defence
of what I have myfelf done. Obfcrve now, my Lavp.
countrymen, the /»;i^/Vf of the patricians. They *'**•*•
arrogate to themf elves honours on account of Arcu.
the exploits done by ibtu forefather s^ whilft they p ^^'^
will not allow mi the due praife for perform-
ing the very feme fort of aftions in my own per-'
Jbn. " He }^2!& no Jiatues,'' they cry, *^ of bis Apfecta-
** family. He can trace no venerable line of an-*
" cefiorsy — What then ! Is it matter of more Coir*,
prai/e to difgrace one's illuftrious ancefiors than Cont.
to become illyfirious by his own good behaviour ?
What, if I ,c^n fhew no ftatues of my family ? I Sblp-viw-
can Ihew the ftandards, the armour^ and the ^ '
trappings, which I have myfelf taken from the

O 2 vanquifi)ed:

* Laud. PjitDS. Sqb Couragt, p. 18.

196 lessons!

vanquijhed: I can ftiew the fears of thofc wounds^
which I received by facing the enemies of my
CoNT. country. Thefe zvtmy Jiatues. Thefe zrc t\ic ho-

nours I bcaji ofi not left me by inherUame^ as
theirs \ but earned by toily by abftinencCy by vn-
loury amidft clouds of duft^ and Jeas of blood '^
fcenes of aftion, where thofe effeminate patricians.^
who endeavour, by indiredt means, to depreciatt
me in your efteeniy have never dared to fi^eix) their
faces.

LV.

Plotting. Cruelty. Horror*

Start.

Courage.

WOND.

Horror.

Macbeth, full of his bloody defign againfl: ^
king Duncan, fancies he fees a dagger in tl

air.

IS this a dagger y which I fee before me.
The handle tow'rd my hand? — ^ Come^ let
clutch thee —
I have thee not^ and yet ]fee xhctJiilL
Art thou not, fatal vifion 1 fenfible
Tofeelingy as zofght ? or art thou but
A dagger of the niindy difalfe creation^ '
Proceeding from the heat oppreffed brain ?

lice

y Rcaclilng out his hand, as to fnatch it. The firll eight Hnes
to he rpckc'u wiih the eyes flaring, and fixed on one point in
the air, \vji<;re he u fuppofed to fee the dagger. Sco Dcfi^tar^
}i. 17. MiilUc, 24. Ohfiinaryy i8. Fcarj 17. Plotting^ 16. '

L E S S O NT S.

I fee thee yety in fornri as palpable,
•^ As this which now I draw. —
Thou marJbaVft me the way that I was going,
Andfucb an inftrument I was to uje, —
Mine eyes are made the fools o' th' ether fenfes.
Or clfc wvrtb all the reft.—\Jee ihtejfill.
And on thy blade and dudgeon, drops of blood.
Which was not (obefore. — ' There's nojuch thing* — Doubt.
It is the b oody buftnejs, which informs
l!his to mine eyes. ' Now o'er one half the world
Nature fccms dead, and wicked dreams abufc
1 he curtain^'d^^ j now witchcraft celebrates
Tale Hecate s offerings : -and midnight murder, Horace.
(Alarmed by his ccntinel, the wolf,
Whok howl's his watch) thus with his Jleahhy pace.
Like Tarquin's raviftiing^r/Vw, towVd his defign
Moves like sLghoJl — Thou found znAfirm-fet earth. Guilt.
Hear not my ftcps, which way they walk, for fear
Thy vcxyjicnes fliould prate of royal Hood
-Soon to hcfpilt. [Shakefp. Macbeth.]

^ Drawing his dagger, and looking on it, and then on that
in the atr, as comparing them.

» Along paufe. Hcrccollcds and compofes himfelf a little,
and gives over fixing his eyes upon the air- drawn dagger.

• Plotting is aUva/s to be exprefied with a low voice ; efpe-
f ially fuch a paflagc as thisj to the end.

197

Starting.

Horror.

Start.

Horror.

Doubt.

Horror.

Plotting.

O 3 LVI.

i$8 LESSONS.

LVI.

Affection, joy. pExft ot SffekSinc.

Gratitude.

A fpccch of Adam bD Eve. [jW?//, PA* a8. L*6$*.

B. IV. I. 4it.]

Tbhdxi^h. CO L£ partner^ znd/ole pari of tf// thrfe ^'ijr/,
Awi. Dearer tkyfclf than n//. iV^^^ij mull the PowV^

PiBf f • That m^i/if us^ and fdr us this j»i/>/r wcrU,

Be infinitely good^ and of his good
As //^^rtf/ and free, as infinite ;
Gn ATI- That r/7/iV us from the dufij and /A:rV u£ i&rrr
'^^^^' In tf// this bdppine/s^ who (it Wj hand

Have nothing merited^ nor can perform
Ougbl whereof he hath jieeJi he who requires
From us no other fervice^ than to keep
This oncy this ^^' charge, of ^ // the /r^^/
In paradije, that bear delicious fruit
Serious- So various, not to taftc that (?;rfy tree
NESS. Qf j^fiowledge, planted by the tree of life,

Ap^rehen- So near grows death to ///J? j whatever death is j
*'°W' Some dreadful thing no doubt j for well thou

know'ft
God hath pronounc'd it death to tafle that ^^^,
The only fign of our obedience left,
GHAT. Among fo manyftgns oipowW and rule

Conftrr'd

LESSONS. 199

Conferr'd upon us, and dotninion given

Over all other creatures^ that poflefs

Earthy air, and /ea. Then let us not think bard

One eajy prohibition, who enjoy

Free leave Jo large to all things elfe^ and choice

Unlimited^ oi manifold delights.

But let us cvtrprai/e him, and extol

His bounty, following our delightful tajk Piirr.

To frune thefe growing plants, and Uend thefe Jor.

flow'rs.
Which were it toiljome, yet with /i?^^ — were Tewdirn,

LVIL

Intercession. Obstinacy. Cruelty.
Forced Submission.

Duke. lY y^AKE room, and let him ftand before Aum.

i.VJL our face. —
Shylock, the world thinks, and / think lb too. Pleading

That thou but lead'Ji jAixsfaJbion of thy malice
To the laft hour of ^i57 ; and then, 'tis thought
Thou'lt fliew thy mercy and remorfe more fir ange
Than is thy ftrange apparent cruelty.
And, where thoi *ow exaSffi the penalty.
Which is a pound of this poor merchant's /<»^ S Pity.

O 4 Thou

< See the note, p. \%%t 189.

20O LESSONS.

Thou wilt not only lofe xht forfeiture^
Pluadinc. Put, touch'd with human gentlenejs^ and lo-ve^

Forgive a moiety of the principal^
Pi TV. Glancing an eye of pity on his lojjes.

That have of late brought down fuch ruin on hinij

Enough CO make a royal merchant bankrupt.

We all expeft a gentle anjwer^ Jew.
ObstinT ^ Shyl. I have pojfejs d your Grace of what I

purpoje.
Hypo. " And by our holy Jahhath have \Jworn

EL. To have the due znA forfeit of my bond^

Threaten- If you deny ity let the danger light
INC. Upon your charter, and your city s freedom —

Malice. You'll afk me, why I rather chufe to have

A weight of carrion flefhy than to receive
Ons riN'. Three thcujand ducats ! Til not anjwer that^
Malice. But^ fay it IS my humour \ Is it anjwer'df
Obstin. What if my houfe be troubled with a rat.

And I be pleased to give ten thoujand ducatSy

To have it band ? What, are you anjwer' d yet ?
Reproof.--^ Baflanio. This is no anfwer, thou unfeeling man,

T'excufe the current of thy cruelty.
Malice. Shyl. I am not bound to pleaje thee with my

anfwcr.

•^—Deject. AntQnio. I pray you, think, you quejiion^ith

a Jezv.
You may as well go ftand uponthe beach.
And bid the main pod 'bate his u/i^al height i

You

■ See affleflaticn, hypocritical, p, 2?,

LESSONS. 20I

You may as well plead pity with the wolf^
When you behold the ewe bleat for the lamh^
As try to melt his jewijh heart to kindnejs.

Baff. For thy three thoufand ducats, here are Intrbat.

fix.
Shyl. Ifev^ry ducat infix thoufand duczts Obstin.

Were infix parts, and ev'ry part a ducat^
1 would not drsLVf them ; I would have my ^^»rf. ^-lii^
Duke. How Ihalt, thou hope for mercy, ren^ Grave

^ring none ? ^^"•

Shyl. What judgment Ihall I dread, doing no Obst.
wrong ?
The pound oiflejh^ which I demand of him. Cruel.

Is dearly bought : 'tis mint ; and I will have it.

Enter Portia difguifed like a Doftor of Laws.

Duke. Give mtyoxxc hand^ You come from Wblc.
learned Bellario ?

Portia. I do, my lord.
' Duke. You're welcome : take your place.

Are you acquainted with the caufe in quejlion ? Quest.

Port. I am informed thoroughly of the cafe. "' -Answ.

Which is the merchant here ? and which the Jew ? Quest.

Duke. Antonio and Shy lock, both ftand/?r/i&. Auth.

Port. [To Shylock.] Is your name «y)&y/^r^ /* Quest.

Shy]. Shylock is my 7iame. Obst.

Port. [To Antonio.] You arc obnoxious to Quest.
him, are you not ?

i\nr. Ay, fo he fays. Deject.

Port. Do you confefs the bond? Quest.

Ant. I do. Deject.

Port.

202

Intr.
Obst.

r Pleas.

Reveb.

Advis*

Sebiovs

Rlflec.

Obst.

Jntbbat.

FORB.

LESSONS.

Port, Then muft the Jew be merciful.

Shyl. On what cotnpulfion muft I ? 3V// mc
that?

Port. The quality of mercy is r^oiJirahCd.
It droppetb as xht gentle rain from Heaven
Upon the happy JoiL It is /«;/V^ ^/^,
In him^ who ^/V^j it^ and in him who takes.
'Tis migbtiejl in the Migbtiefi. It becomes
The tbroned monarcb better than his crown.
Itfelf enthroned in the bearts of kings.
It is the hvelieji attribute of Deity j
And earthly powW fhews Uk^ to divine^
When mercy {csifonsjufiice. Therefore, Jew,
Tho' jujiice hctiiyplea, conjider this.
That in the courfc oijujiice none of us
Should iet/ahation. We Aopray for mercy y
And that fame^r^yV doth teach us all to render
The ^^^^j of mercy.

Shyl. My ^^^//j upon my bead.
I crave the legal forfeit of my ^o»^.

Baff. For cnce I beg the court to bend the Aj w
To equity. 'Tis w^r/Z? a /////^ wrong
To curb this cruel devil q{\{\s will.

Port. It ;»/(/? not be. There is »^ pow^r in
Venice,
Can /i//^r a //^rrif^ eftablifh*d.
*Twlll be recorded for a precedent ^
And many an error by the/ame example
Will r;//Z; into the^tf/>f. It cannot be.

Shyl.

LESSONS.

Shfl A Daniet c<Htie M judgtn«nt I Tea a
Daniel.
O wife young judge ! lim dd I honour theo !

port. I pray you, lei Me lock Upon the ton J.

Shyl. Here*tis,mQ& reverend doff or I Here it is.

Fort. Sbyhek I — thorn's ibrict thy money
offered ihec.

Shy]. An oatb ! An M/i» / I h*Vc an M/i& in
Heav'f^ !
Shall I lay ferjury upon mjfoulf
No, not fof Venice. .

Port. *Why, this iond \s forfeit.
And lawfully by this the Jew may r/0f;»
A /tf«»^ ofjiejb, to be by hiiti f«/ ^
Nearejl the meWhaot's i^ftfr/. — if^ mtrciful.
Tak^ /i^rrVr thy j»i^)i^. Bid me tear the ^^.

SIiyL When it is ^tf/i/ according to the tenor.
There is no ^o^tr in the tongue of «» j»
To a//^ me. I flay upon my bond.

Antoh. Mofl: heartily I do hejetch the court
To givfe Sixtjudpitent.
•^^ Pwt. Why then, thus it is j
Tou nuift frtpdre your ^^^^ fof hiii knife.

Shyl. Ay, hb *rMj? ;
So faith the ^mi/; doth it not; noble judge?
Near^ his heart. Tbffe are the very words.

Port.

203

Applausb*

CUKIOS.

Appt.

Aavis,

Hrpoc.

Dscu

Apvrr.

OSST.

DsjEcr.

Pass.

Sent.

Thirst of
Blood.

* ^ot&L tpaks ^» 16 " S/»/ liim, £tisfds»" without look-
jsg off the boad.

204 LESSONS.

Quest. Port. It is Jo. Are there Jcales to v^ei^h the

flejb?
Ausw. Shyl. I have them ready.

IitTEnc Port. Have here Vijurgeon^ Shylock, at your

charge,
To Jiop his wounds J left he fhould bleed to death.
Cruel. Shyl. Is it fo nominated in the bond?

Interc. Port. It is not fo exprejfed: but what oi that ?

'Twere good you do fo much for charity.
Crvel. Shyl. I cannot J?«// it. 'Tis not in the ^o«i.

Sent. Port. A pound o( that hmc merchant's fitih is

thine.
The court awards it, and the law doth give it.
Appl. Shyl. Mo& righf/ul judge !

Sent. . Port. And you muft cut tKisfeJb from off his

breaft.
The law allows it, and the court awards it.
Appl-. Shyl. yio^ learned judge ! hJentencel*Come^

Jl^od" ' trepare.

Dou5T. Port, Tarry a little. There xsfomething elje —

This bond — doth give thee here — no jot of

bl:od.
The words exprejsly are a pound oiflejh.
DiREc. Then take thy bond. T^ke thou thy pound of

Threaten- But, in the cutting it, if thou doft yZ^^//

^^^'^ One drop of chriftian bloody thy lands and goods

Are, by the laws of Venice^ forfeited.
Afpl. Grat. O upright judge I Marky Jew! Iqam^d

judge !

3 . ShyK

LESSONS. 205

Shyl, Is that the /^te; ? Confus.

Port. Tfyfelf ihall kt the aS . Posit.

For, as thou urgeft y*/(y?/V^, be ajfurd, Repr.
Thou fhalt h^vcju/iicey more than thou defir'Ji.

Grat. O learned judge ! Mark^^jew! A learned Appl.
judge !

Shyl, I take his offer then. Pay the fum Confus.
thrice^

And let the Cbrijlian go. Yield.

Baflan. Here is the money. Giv.

Port. Soflly. Nobajle. The Jew (hall have Forb.
Jiri£l jujtice.
His claim is barely for the penalty.

Grat. A ieconA Daniel ! Jew. Appl.

NoiVy infidel y I hzvc full ho/d of thee. Trium.

Port. IFhy doth the Jew fquje? 7ake thou Quest.
thy forfeiture.

Shyl. Give me my principal, and let me go. Confu.

Baflan. I have it ready for thee. Here it is. Giv.

Port. He hath refused it in the open court. Forb.

He fliall have merely jufiice and his h?2d. Repr.

Grat. A Daniel Jlill, fay I; a fecond D/?;//>// Appl.

I thank thee, y^«;, for teaching me that ^^r^. Repr.

Shyl. Shall I not barely h3,ye my principal ? Sneak.

Port. Thou flialt have nothing but the forfeit Refus.

To be fo taken at thy peril y Jezu.

Shyl. Why then the Devil give him ^(?d?i Disap.
of it.

I'll flay no longer quejiion. Spite.

Port.

2o6 L E S S O N $•

Foiii- Port. Stop him, guards.

CoND. The law hath yet Another boldotk you.

Tbach. It is enaSled in the laws of Vinia^

If it be prov'd againft an alitn^
That by direcf or indireH attempt^
Ht/eek the /ife of any citizen,
The party 'gainft the which he doth conirwe^
Shall/«2^ on i^^^bis goeds. The other half
Goes to the privy coffer of dictate $
And the offender's life lies inthem^ry
Of the Duke only, 'gainft all other voice.

CovDEMN. In vrhich predicament^ I fay, thoufianffi.

For it appears by manifefi proceeding.
That indireSly, and direStly too.
Thou haft contrived againft the very Ufe
Of the defendant j fo that thou incurr'ft
The danger formally by me rehearsed.

Advis. Down, therefore, and beg mercy of the Duke»

GftAKT. Duke. That thou may'ft fee the difference of

ourfpirit,
I pardon thee thy life, before thou ^z^ it.

Desp. Shyl. Nay, take my life and «//. Pardon not

You Mii^ my ///>, taking whereon I live.
Quest. Port. W4iat iw^^j' can you render him, An-

tonio ?
Trium Grat. A halter* s price, and leave to hang hirn^

Grant. Anton. So pleafe my Lord the Duktt and all

the court y

To

LESSONS. 207

To quit their right in one half of his goods ^
I fhall be well contented^ if I have
The ether half in u/e^ until his deaths
Then to reftore it to the gentleman^
Who IzttXyftole his daughter.

Duke, He Ihall do this, or clfe I do recant Thriat,
The pardon J I had fromis'd to beftow.

Port. Art thou contented^ Jew? fVbat doft Quest,

thou Jay ?
Shyl. I frty you give mc /r^iv^ to go from Dbsp.
hence.
I am not well. Send the deed after me.
And I will^^» it.

Duke% Get thee gone. But i& it. Th re at*

[Exeunt omnes.]
[ShakeJ^. Merch. of Venice.]

LVIII.

i

2o8 LESSONS.

LVIII.

Conjugal Aff£Ction with Distress*

The fcene between Heftor and his wife Andro^
mache. IPope's Hom. II. VL v. 48.8.]

Narra- TT ECTOR, this heard, retiirn'd without
TioN. JrX delay ;

Haste. Swifi through the town he took his former wajr.

Thro* ftreets of palaces and walks of ftate s
And met the mourner at the Scaean gate.
With bajie to meet him^r«;;^ the joyful fair.
His blamelefs wife. Action's wealthy heir.

Tender The nurfe flood near, in whofe embraces preft

Descript. His orjly hope hung/miling at her breaft ;

Whom each/^// charm and early grace adorn.
Fair as the new-born y?^r th^Lt gilds the mom.
Silent the warrior/;;^/W, and pleas'd, refign'd

* Soft. To * tender fajftons all his f mighty mind.

t CouR. His beauteous princefs caft a mournful look ;

]3escr or •

Beaut, in Hung on his hand^ and then, deje^ed fpokc,
DisTR. Her bofom laboured with a bodvigftgh^

And the big tear flood trembling in her eye.
Com p. with *^ ^'^^ daring prince ! Ah whither dofl thou run?
Affect. «f jlh too forgetful of thy wife and/^?;/ .'

*' And think* fl thou not how wretched we fhall be.
Fear. "A widow I, an he^plejs orphan he !

'' For

LESSONS.

209

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^* For fure fuch courage length of life denies,
*• And thou mtffi/all^ thy virtue^ s/acrifice.
'• Greece in her Jingle hcrocn ^rove in t;tfi» ;

Now bojls oppofe thee ; and thou mufi hcjlain.

O grant me, gods I ere Hcftor meets his doom, Dbprbc at*

jflll can afk ofbeav'n, an early tomb !
^' So fhall my days in one/ad tenor run.

And end mth/orrows, as they firft begun.

No parent now remains, my griefs to fiare, L a 11 m.

** Hofatber^s aid, no mother's tender fiir^.
" The fierce Aebilles wr^t our walls mfire,
'^ Laid 2l»^M wqfte^ zndjkw my war like fire,
'* His/tf/^, compaffion in the vidor bred ;
•* ^/^m as he was, he yet revered the dead ;
" His radiant arms prejtrv'd from hoftilcj^^i/,
^ And laid him decent on the fun'ral pile.

By ihc/ame arm my/ev*n irave brothers fell^

In one fad day they view'd the gate of i?^//.

While the fat herds and fnowy flocks they fed.

Amid their fields the haplejs heroes bled.

My mother Jiv'd to bear the viaor's bands.

The queen of Hippoplacia's fylvan lands,
^* Redemi'd too late, fhe fcarce beheld again
^ Hcrpleqfing empire, and her native plain^
^ When ah I opprefi by life-confuming woe,
** She fell, a vi^im to Diana's bow.
** Yet while my HeSor KiM/urvrves, I fee Comfort.

^y father, mother^ brethren, all in thee.

Alas I my parents^ brothers^ kindred, ally
<« Onoe more will perijh^ if my HeSorfall.

P ^* Thy

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210 L E S S'O'N S.

<c Yijy ''U)%fey thy infant^ in the danger ftiare ;
Intreat. " O prove c^ buJbantT^ and & parentis care.
Apprehens. " 57^4/ yi^tfr/^ «»^ the (kilful Gi^ecksafmoy,

" Where yon* wild fig-trees join the wall of Troy.
" Thou fpom this tow'r defend th' important pcfiy
** I'here Agamemnon points his dreadful bdft^
*' T!hat pgfs TydideSy AjaXj ftrives to gain^
" And there xht vengeful Spartan f res his train.
" T'A/'/Vtf our bold foes the^^rc^ tf//jrJk have giv'n,
" Or led by i&t^^j, or diSated from ^eav'n.
Intreat. " Let ^/i^r^ in the field their arms empldy ; *

" But^tfy my HeSor berty and guard his Troy.**
Courage. The chicf reply'd, " That poft fliall be my

" carej
" ^ox that alone i but /?//\thc works of war. *^
/il?ze;. would lYitfons of Troy , in arms renowned,'
And Troy's proud dames^ whofe garments fwcep
the ground,
'* Attaint the ///>ir^ of my former name.
Aversion* " Should Hcdlor ^tf/Jr/y quit the f eld of fame ?
Courage. " My early youth vfz& bred xo waiHike pains \

My foul impels me to the martiat plains.
SiiWforemoft let tiytftand to ^«tfr^ the throne^
Tp favc my father^ s honours, and^my own.
Apprehens. " Yet comeit will /the i«y decreed hf fates !

" (How my heart tremiles, YiKxlc^my tongue re-'
''JateslJ
Patr. "The day, when thou, imperial Troy ! muft hendi

Grief. u ^^q. f^^ ^},y ^arriors/all i diy ^ii7nVJr «frf.

. . -<' And

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LESIONS. 211

And yet rtd dire prefage (b wounds my mifid, G r r e f

My mother's deatby the ruin of my ^/W, AtF£tT.

Not Priam's hoary hairs defiVd with ^^rf,

Not tf// tDj brothers gaffing oniht JborCy

As /i/>^, Andromache !—Thy griefs \ dread I

I fee thee tremblings weepings captive ledy

I n Argive looms our battles to defign^

And wc^j, of which fo large a ^nr/ was thine.

There while you groan beneath the load oilife^

They cry," " Behold the mighty HeSor's Ihsult,

" wife r

Some haughty Greek, who lives thy tears to fee,
£mbitters all thy woes by naming me.
** The thoughts o( glory pafl^ zxiA prefent Jhame^ Pity.
** A thoufand griefs fhall 'ibakeh at the name !
** ^ay I lie cold before that dreadfuVday^
^^ X^refs*d with a load oX monumental clay !
^^ Thy Heftor, wrapt in everliiftingfleeps
** Shall neither bear ihtcfighy nor fee thee li^eepj*

Thus having fpoke, th' illufirious chief of Troy Na r r a-
^^^etcVd his fond arms, to r/^ the lovely boy. "^ '^ ^' '

e ^j^^ clung, crying, to his nurfc's breaft. Tender-

V with the dazzling helm, and nodding crefi. ** * " '
^^^ith fecret pleafure each /(?»rf parent fmiVd^
-'^^^d Heftor i&^/^rf to relieve his f A//rf ;

'^^ S^^tt'ring terrors from his brows unbound,
A.rici plac'd the beaming helmet on the ground.
^^^en kifs'd the child, and ///////^ i^/^i? in ^/r,
■^^Us to the gods preferred 3, parent's prayer.

P 2 " OTbou, )

212

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L E S S O N S,

'^ O 'T'boH, y9hok glory fills th' stberial ibrane^
And all ye de^tU^s Ptm'rs l—prouff tay/Ml
Grant bm, like me^ to purcbaj!gji^ remum.
To guard the Trejans, to ^il^^ the n^vnm^
Againft his couMtry^j foes the ivi^ to «M2;^r»
And rife the ffcfifpr of ^t future age !
So^ when triumpbaut (cwafuccefsfiil toils^
Of bcroesjlain^ he bears the reeldng^oUs,
Whole it^j may bail him with defend d acclaim^
Andfayj'* — ^* This chief tranlceods \i\%fatber^s

" fame/'
While^/^tf J Vi amidft the geo'ral fhouts of Troy^
His motker*s cofjfcious beart o^erfUws mthjoyJ*

He fpokej and fondly gazing on her cbarms,
Reftor'd the f leafing burden to her arms ;
Soft on her fragrant breajl the babe Ihe laid^
Hufh^d to repofe^ and with zfmilefurvey^d.
The troubled pleafure fbon cbaftis^d mthfear^
She mingled with the fmile z falling tear.

UX,

LESSONS. 213

LIX.

H£MORS£. Attempt toward Repentance.
Obduracy. Despair.

The wicked king's foliloquy, cxprefling his rc-
morfe for the murder of \M brother Hamlet
king of Denmark. [Sbake/p. Hamlet.]

King. r\Hmy qffenceisrank! It fmells to heav'n ! Compvk c-
It hath the elJeJtoirfeofhczv'n apon it-^ '"''®**

A brother's murder I — Prs^^ alas I I $mnot :

Though/^r^ my need of what the guilty fre^ far i Ha r d m i«t

My granger guilt defeats my ftrang intent, ®^ Heart.

And, like a man to double bus^nefs bounds

I ftand in faufe where I (hall firft begin^

And both negleS.—* What if this curfed bend • Glim, of

Were thicker than itjelf with brother's blood f "^"•

Is there not rain enough in the fweet heavens
To wafi it white SLsfnow f Whereto fcrves mercy ^
fiut to confront the vifage of offence ?
And what's in prafr, but this two-fold force^
To ht foreft'alV d^ ere yet we c(me to fall ^
Ov pardon' d^ being down?— Thtn I'll look up.
My fault is paft. — | But oh ! vfh^itform ofprafr || Guilt.
Can ferve my turn ?- -^ ^^ Forgive me my foul f Dsfr.
" murder!'*

*That cannot be, fincc I am ftill^^^ Guilt.

P J Of

J

214 LESSONS.

Of thofc effeSlSy for which I did the murder ;
My crowHy mine own ambition^ and my queen^
May one be pardon' d and retain th' ^^^^ ?
In the corrupted currents o( this world.
Offence's gilded band tndy Jhovf ^ juftice;
Nay, oft 'tis feen, the wicked prize it/elf

• Terror. Buys out the law. * But 'tis not fo above :

Inhere \%noJbuffiing: there the aSion h'es
Ip his truf natsfre i we ourielves compelVd,
Ev'n to the teeth 2did forehead qf our faults,

t Anx. To give in evidence f ff^bat then ? — fFbai

re/Is ?-^

Hope. Try what repentance can, — ff^at can it not ? —

Obdur. Yet what can ity when one citnnot repent ?

Despair. Qh wretched ftate ! oh bojom^ black as death !

Oh limed foul! thzt Jirugglbtg to b€ free,

5Ancu. Art more engaged J %Help, Angels! M^ktiejay^

BoWyftubborn knees j and heart mth firings ofjieel^
' ^^foft tisfinews of the new-born babe !

Hope. All VMy ht well.

[The king kneels, and, by his Ipok^ and gcfturcs,
expreffes great agony and horror i butnopeni*
tential melting of heart : after continuing a
fhort time in that poflure, he rifcs in dclpair,
and fpeaks the following.]

De?pa!r. My words fly up—y[y thoughts remain below —

TFords without thoughts never to Heaven go.

PC.

L E a SaN S; 215

« I I • ( 4 • . « .

1 «» •

• Repkoachinc* Exciting to Self-defcace,

The ^ch bf T. Q;^ Capitolinus to < thcf 'Roman
people^ when the iEqui and Vblfci, taking* the
adya&tage, of the aniinofities then priv^iling
. between the patricians and plebeians^ joined
theinforces^ and, after plundering the Roitvan
territorifs> advanced, in ^ hoftile maaaei^ to
th« very walls of the city. [T. Liv. Hijt. i2tfi»;.]

» . . ■'

THQUGH I am not cimfcious to'nayftlfy Vexat.
^Romans, of any affence I have committed
agahifi: my cooim^ $ if is -with confufibn t\M 1
addrejs'^fi' thus puMicly on fiieh- an oceafion.-
Fo^ what can- be imigincd vnoxf^^Jhiiineful^ -than'
thatiic (hould be known to the wv/rf— tftar it
ihouid be known to ourfilves b — ^^—and- miSft* be
handed dow(V to j)^/^//y— that in xhc^Jokrtb cbn^
Jul/bip of ntus ^intius Cafimmi^m JSqui-
and Volfciy -foUately found fcHrce a match for the
Hernicij advanced, in arms — uninterfupied-^zxxi
unpuni/hedr- to the very *ii)alls of Rome t Had I
imagined, that fiKrh a difgrace as this would
have come upon my country in the year of my
fourth confulfliip (though our affairs have of lat^
goiie in fuch a way, that every thing was to be

P 4 feared)

Rbmoii.

with
Vbxat.

II KlHDK*

4 Intb&c.

t KlWD.

2i6 LESSONS.

feared) I would have avoided the confulv ho-

•AooHY. nour —* the ^jwtf rather by banijbmemt^ or

even by death. How m^ch more defirable to have
died in nny third donrulfhip, than to live to ice
the diJhoHOursy which the times are like to bring
upon us. But whom doesr the infolence of fo
contemptible an enemy difgrace f li'ttms^ the
ewjukl Orisitj^tfi^^ Romans? Kthc/auit be
in MS i take from us that authority^ we ire fo mn^
worthy to if^oy* And if that be noc ewmi^ in*
flift on us the prnti/bment we have de/irv^d. | If
it is owing to you^ my countrymen, that the
enemy have thus dared to infult us, ^ ^ I b^
of the gods is, that they will forgive you i X ^^^
I wilh no other puniihment lO come \xgon you,
than repentance for your miibonduft. f Our
enemies have not prefumed. apon any wani of
hravery in you^ Romans nor upon any imagined
fuperiority in themjelves. They know both yon
CoKTEMPT. and tbemfelves too well. They have not forgot

how often they have been routed in battle^ bow
often put to Jhameful flighty deprived of didr
lands y and even made to pafs under tUt^yoke^ by the
Romans. It is the fatal dijfenjion between the pet-^
tricians and plebeians^ that gives courage CD the
enemies of the Roman name. Our quarrels a*
mongft ourjelves are thcpoi/bn o(o\m ftate. While
you arc dijfati^fied with the powers enjoyed by the
patricians y and we are jealous of the plebeians i the
enemy y feeing their time^ hsivc/urprijed m.

But

Vbxat,

LESSONS. 217

But what (in the name of all Ac gods!) will Remon-
Jatisfy you ? You dtmanded fhheian tribunes.
For the fake of peace^ we^ patricians^ confented.
You then called for decemviri. We agreed^ that
the decemviral power fhould hzeftahlijked* You
were quickly tired of this form of government.
We obliged the decemviri to abdicate. Your re^
Jentment furfuing them even to their retirement^ we
gave our cenjhtt to the exile and death of fomc of Guief.
iSkitfirJi men of Rome for birth and merit. Then Remok, .
you infilled, that the tribunitial authority fliopld
be re-eftablified. You did accordingly re-eftablijb
it. We befre with the innovation of conferring the
ctmfular power upon men of plebeian ranky though
<?c few how injurious it was to our own. We bore
patientfy^ and do flilt bear, with the tribunitial
power i with the right of appeal to the people ;
with the obligation upon xht' patricians to fubmii
to the^(^ii/tfr decrees-, and with the alienation of
cmr peculiar rights and privileges^ under pretence
of equalling the different ranks, and reducing
things to ^r//^ in the commonwealth. But, my
countrymen, le^it^ will you put an end to thefe
wranglings f When fliall this unhappy ftate be
united f When Ihall we look upon Rome as our
common country? We, of the patrician rank^
though /^/h-^, are more difpofed to peace, than
jroir, who have gained all your ends. Is it not
enough, that you have made yourfelves formidable
CD yowfitperiors f Now you alTemble^ in a fedi*

tious

2i8 LESSONS,

tious manner, on the Mount Aventine i ihen on

the Monsjacer ; and againft us your "vengeance is

Rousing, always ^wtditA. You were in fio hafie to prevcoc

Shame. the enemy from feizingon the EfquilUy or from

Reproach, mounting our works. It is only againft i\it patri^

dans, that you dare to Jhew your valour. Go on^
then, if you are fo determined -, and when you
hdiYtfurrounded tht/enate houfe, made xht forum
dangerous (ox zxiy o( pair Uian .rznk^to he feen ip,*
and got the prifons filled with perfons of the firfi
eminence i keep up the fame heroic fpirit you Ihcw
againft your own countrymen ; fally out at the
S»E£R. Efquiline-gate, ancj rcpulfe the ^/rmy. Or if your

valour is not fufHcient to enable you to do tbU^
at leaft Aiew, diat you have the beroi/m lo.vie^r
from xht walls y your lands wafted hy ftre ax^d
Jwprdy and plundered by the irrefiftible army q{
the ^qui and Folfci,

Remok. W^^ ^^y ^^^ pretend to anfwer t9 this, that jt

is only the fuilic that fuffers.by the inroads of the
enemy, ^nd that the main of the lo/s will be only

Rousing. th^t of a little national honour? Were that the

Hon . ^^^^1 what Ropian could think of it with patience i

But, iejides the lofs of our honour y what effcdt, do
you think, thefe ravages will have upon private

Ai. A R M. property ? Do you expeft any thing elfe.,thaa. that

every individual of you, Ihould ^quickly hayeac-

Rt MON. counts of what he himjelf has lofi ? And how are

thofc IcJJes to be ;»tf^<? up ? Will your darling tri^

RtrR. ^.v;/^^ make good the ^<?/»^^^j .^ They will l^c aCf*

tive

LESSONS. 219

rive enough in inflaming you with their Jf etches ;
they will commence fuits againft the principal
men in xhcflate i they will ga^tiicr/ediiiws ajem^
blieSy and multiply laws on laxos^ and decrees on
decrees. But which of you, my countrymen, Rkmov.
has gained any thing by fuch proceedings ? Has
any Roman carried borne to his family, from thofe
cumyltuous meetings, any thing, but hatred,
quarrels, and mijcbiefs, public and private ? The RjKca£T.
cafe was, in former happier times, very different,
when you Jubmitted to the rightful authority of
the confulsi and were not, as now, the dupes of
your tribunes ; when you exerted yourfelves in
the field of battUy not in the forums when your
Hiouts of courage itruck wrtor into your enemies ;
not yoor /editiou J clamours into your countrymen.
Then you ufed to return home enriched ynxhjpoils,
and adorned with trophies : inftead of which you
itow inglorioufiy fufFer the enemy and that Reproach.

€heiny a contemptible one — to go off unmolefted^
and loaded with your Jubftance. But go on with Rbmon.
yoMT Jeditious ajfemblies, as long as you can. The Alaim^ : ;
lime is approaching, when you will find your-
felves obliged to quit them, though /o agreeable
to you,' and to betake ypurfelves to what you
have the greateft reluStance to, 1 mean your RBpaoACH.
arms. You thought it a mighty bardjhip to be
obliged to march againft the iEqui and Volfci. Alarm.
They \i2ive Jpared you that trouble. They are
ppy^r at your gates. And if you don't drive

3 them

220 L E S S O N S^

diem from ib^ce^ they wiil foon be in the €ity,
Rbgret. in the capital, and in your boujis. Two yean ago

an order was given by authority of thc/ataU,

chat levies fhoxild be made^ and that tha anmy

Ripa. (hould march. Inftead of executing thisfabUiby

order^ we have been iaUering at home unempUyed,

except in wrangling % forgdful^ while our peMce

was mdifturbed irom abroad^ that this long intU^

Unce wduid piobabiy be the very taufe ditrwbles

conrving upon us from various quarters at cnce.

Prof. I know fuU well, my countrymen, that there

Si Nc. ^^ many fubjeds more agreeable to you than tbofe

Alarm. I have novf/poken to you upon. Bm the necrf-

Jity of the times obliges me (if I were lejs nulinMc
o^myfelf) to lay truth before you, radier than co
Prof. iickte your ears. I wi(h I could humour your «-

Si N c B. tlinatiofis : but I had rather fecure joor/afety, than

Alarm. gain your gocd*wilL ' It is commonly ohfenned,
AroL. that thofe who addrefs the public from /el/^

views are more acceptable, than thofe whokjble

difiiterefted aim is the general advantage. And

Re MOV. I think you can bardhf imagine^ that thofe jb/-

Re PR. terers of the plebeians, who nekher /ujffer you to

reft in ^^^r^, nor in war, mean jrMr good by
continually exciting you to tumult and /edition.
When they work you up to di/ctmiiut and nr; r,
they are /wr^ to gain their avaricious or their
ambitious ends. And, as in times of peace they
find themfelves to be of ir^ confequence^ rather

than

LESSONS. 221

than be undiftinguiflbed^ they (et themfelves to pro-
nxxe mifcbief.
If you are at laft^ (as I am fure you have rea^ Excitimo.
Jim to be) Jick of fuch abfurd and ruinous proceed-- Self-
mgs^ and have a mind to rcfame your own cba^ depikci.
ToScrs^ and to a£t agreeably to that of your m- .
€^9rsi I am myfelf r^^f^ now to bead you, and Couraoi.
am willing to undergo airf penalij^ if I do not,
in a few days, force thefe plunderers of our lands
to abandon their camp^ and if I do not carry the
terror of war^ which now alarms you, firon) our
&ics^ to thofe of the eneny.

LXI.

Doubting. Vexation. Serious Reflection.

Hamlet's foliloquy, upon his finding that the
king his father was murdered by his uncle i in
which he confiders of the coniequence of put*
ting an end to a burthenfbme life. \SbakeJp.
Hamlet.]

Ham. rr^O be, — or not to be^^tbat is the Anxibtt.

X queftion

Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to fuffer

The

^ «» To ^--or not to &^— " The thought, at length, wouk)
ran thas» << I9 iltatb the total dcftruQiw of con/cUu/ne/s f

" Or

2^1

Courage.

• Deep
Thoucht-
fuliiess«
Vexat.

f TllOVOH.

f Appre-
hension*

Vexat.

Anguish.

% Meek.
II Avers.

X Courage.

COMFLAI.

LESSORS.

The Jlings and arrows of otarageaus fortune {
Or to take arms againft a bojl of troubles^ •
And by oppofingy endtbem. — *But to die^^ \ •

To Jleep — No more ^^ And by ?Ljleep to eiid

The heart-achy and the thou/and nzXMXdl Jhocks'^
That Jlefl) is beir tb — 'Tis a conJummaHon '.
* Devoutly to be wijb'd. — To § die — Tojeep^^-*
To Jleep —^ Perchance to dream — A fiartUng^

tbougbt^^^
For in thtiX. Jleep of death what dreams may c6hie>
When we hzv^Jhuffled cjf this mortal eoily
Muft give us pauje. There's the reJpeR
That makes calamity of fo long life*
For wbo would bear the whips zxAf corns of time^
Th' opprejfor^s wrongs the proud man's contumely.
The /)jw^j of /tft;^ defpis'dy the /tfw V ^(f Aij^,
Xhe infolence of office^ an4 thtjpurns, , •

That patient § w^riV of the unworthy || takes ^
When he him/elf might his. quietus make
With a ^j/-^ bodkin?' if Who would ^^ni to tf^rA,
And |^r^^i» zndf'ioeat under a ter^i^ry /(/> ?

• But

'' Or do the dead (Hll contSnae to think and <?^, though in a
«* different manner from that of .the prefent ftaie?" The
thought in the fecond line is ditfcrent, ^iz. " Whether is it
•' truly iferoic to put an rWto lifi, when it becomes irkfotfiu ?**

z «c <^But to <//V— To ^^/ — iVi? OT^r^ ." The paoTes muft
be equal. The fenfe, at length, being, " Is dying only faD-
*' ing afleep» and nothing elfe ?"

■ DgvdutJj to l)e w/}^V." To* be fpoken with the eyes
nifed eamefUy to heaven. Sec Feneration, p. 2o.

L ^ S'-S O N S. 223

But tftat the dread oxfometbing after death ^
(Th^t iMdi/co'der*d country, fronvwhofe bourne "
JVa traveller returns;) puzzles the will.
And makes us rathet^ bear thofe ills we have.
Than 715^ xo others, whiA we know not yet ?
Thus confcience makes cowards oi us all :
Arid thus the native hue of rejolution •
Isjicklied o'er with 2. pale caft of thought.
And enterprifes of gtmjirengtb and moment.
With /W/ regard th6it currents turn ^^w^2y, ^

And lo/etht name (^ aifichl

LXII.

• » . «

Eag£RN£ss. Chidikg. .Jntrzatikg.

r-

Ghofts of various charafters prefs to be admitted
iato.Ch^on's boat. , Are repulfed.by him and
Mercury, on account of jchcir coming loaded
with/thcit' vices, follies; and wrpng attach-
ments, [Lucian. Dial. Mort. Char. Merc.

- &C.3

Charon. TOOK you, gentkmen> and ladies, Chi 01 kg.

this will never do. My boat .is but

fmalh, and old^ and leaky into the bargain \ fo that,

if it be either in the leafi overloaded, or not exactly

: trimmed^

* — j»« whoir icurne.'* This £5, ^^r2rr, or re<j/?.

224 LESSONS.

trimmed^ you will be among the Stygian frcgs
prefently^ every ^ngle gbuft ofyoa. You como
pufitng and crowding in fiicli Jboals, and I Vxkom

Threaten- not how much luggage along with youj that yoo

'i<G* are like to repent of your being in Aich a bwry,

at leaft thofe of you, who cannot Jwiae.

Iktreat* lit Ghoft. But you don't confider^ Mr. Fcrry^

man, how much we are tired of dodging about
here, where we have neither bonfe nor honor,

CoMPL. where there is nothing but mud, in wluch we

fink overflfoes, over toots, nor fo much as a tro^,

Iktreat. to hang a dog upon. Pray, good Charon, pufi

us over zsf aft you can.

Cbiding. Chan What zplagntMls the hrainlejs ^oft?

Would you have me do jfli^^<faV//y>i /^ Do, JMSfr«

Exciting, cuty, bear a hand z little. Pnfik them tack. Don't

Refvs. let above one come into the boat at a timei that

you may examine them gbcft by ;A^) and make
them^r^, and leave ti)tir luggage, before they
fet z/oot in the hoat.

Prom. Mere, jfy, ay, I'll take czrtofthat, Charbn.

Refus. •^Hold. H^bozTtyouf

SuBMxs. 2d Ghoft. My name is Menipfus, by trade a

cynic pkilo/bpber. And to (hew you how willing
I am to be conformable, look you there, away go
my wallet and myftaffxnxo the ^(y*. And as for
my cloke^ I did not bring it with me.

Merc. T^Aij/'s my boneft cynic. Come into

Appr. the boat, Menippus. Here is a ghoft ofjenfe for

% you«

LESSONS. 225

you; Go, go forward by ^th^lm^ where yoii
may have good fitting, and m^sj Jee all the paffen*

^ers. — Your Jervant, Madam, ff^o mByyou be,

if a man, I mean, if a god may be fo hid ?

3d Ghoft. Sir, I am the celebrated btauty, Affict* ,.

who rated my favours fo high, as to receive a Z^- ^^ ' . .

lent for a ij/jr. It is true, a certain fbil(^cph}tr

did grudge ray price, laying he had.no notion of Refws.

paying an exorbitant Jum for fo unpUaJant a ^jr-

^tfi» ^s^ repentance. But my comfort is, that it was CdNTEMPT.

a, />^^r old fellow, and a pbilofopber, that, made

tliis clownijh fpeecb, {6 different from what 1 was ^ !

tifed to.

Merc. Lx)ok you. Madam, /i/j Vw»/ry is not Refvs.

famous for gallantry. And, as you will make

-notbing of your beauty where you are going, I
itiuft defire you to leave it all behind, or you don't
let zfoot in the Stygizn ferry-bvai.

3d Ghoft. Pr ay, Sir, excufettie. ff^yvhu^oiic Intr. ..
be Mgly, becaufe one is dead ?

Merc. Come, come. Madam, off with yout Insist.
ivhole apparatus of temptatioti, if you nfiean to g^^J^ ,^^
crofs the Stygian pool. You muft riot only lay Sneir<
alide the paint on yoiir cheeks, but thd cheeks
fbefft/ehes. You muft throw off riot only the
gorgeous attire of your head, but the hair^ and
the very Jiin to the bare JkulL So far .from
granting you a paflage with all your finery about
you; w^lhallcxpcft you to ftrip off both^'w
fkiidfiejh to the vtry bones. So, Mrs; Beauty, if

/

226

Iksist.

IJfiBrvi.

PftlDB.

Shbbr.

Rsrus.
Iktk.

Rbfus.

Insist.
Blamb.

A^ritBKEN'
Blow,

IWTR,

LESSONS.

you plait to tttp afidci &nd ^S^^ of your tackle,
and prdents^ourfelf by and hy, in the ^^ix i^^
oftjkeletan, we (hall perhaps carry you over the
water*

^d Ghoft. It is diodly hard ; and<

Merc Tits is our way^ Madam — | Slop —
who treyou f You fcem to htuttifirward^ as who
fliould fay, 'M am nojmall fool."

4th Ghoft. Why, Sir, Ivnnole/s ferfin than
Lampichus the Tyrant.

Merc. Pr4y> ^W Mr. Zampichus the tyrant,
where do you intend to ftow « // that luggage ?

4th Ghoft. Cotifider, Mercury, it is not proper
that a it/;rf ftiould travel without his canveuieKcies
about him.

Merc. Whatever may be proper for you in
quality of a king, you muft allow me to deter-
mine of the neceflaries of life requifite for you in
quality of a ghqfi. I (hall therefore defire, that
your tyrantfliip will be pleaicd to leave your hags
of gold, your pride, and your cruelty, behind* For,
if you were to go into our poor crazy wherry with
them,, you would jtfir^ it, if there were nopajfenger
hut your/elf.

4th Ghoft. Pray, good Mercury, let me carry
my diaden^ \ It is not much heavier than an old
faftiioned wedding-ring. How will die ghofts

knoxff,

, * Dudems are th«aght to liavc been only a fort of ring to
ga round the hesui, like a viTeath.

L £ S 6 O N a 9f 7

r/ due i am a fbqii widiout fomedilUg df a . » z

Merc. Tbfot is no ^finacg, where yim art Rbfvs*
gmng, between a Ui^ and a MMrr» unkis the
r#^/rr has been die hiier «a% which happens

cmmmmly cMUgbi But wb^ are jfmi, with yow Qr^'T. ^

^^ gilhf 2ndyo\xcruBdpMitmbf

5di Ghoft. I am only a barmlifsj gHJ-natmnd Iktk4
ySMrWy known by die qame oiDnuffus^ die^a-
T^afitei, You ice I am vtfibft/. I hope, diesefor^
you will let me into die botU.

Merc. I like iiich MMkad ftafldigers is jrou^ Rbfus.
Pray, do you chink, you can crafi the Styx. with
fuch a load of jK^ sbowt yoo ? Oi^ cfjo}^ legs App^imcm*^
^fOQld Jink the hat. *'"•

5th Ghoft. ff^dii matt I ^ir/ o^itiy yery Vexat.
Jleflkf

Merc. TiSj/ttrelji Imtiin

5th Ghoft. If I iiiri(^i I mttfii ^ New tben, let Vexat.

' Merc. Hold. fVbathzrc you gdrt under yow Refvs.
^rm ?

5th Ghoft^ Ir is only a licde b€$k of eompli* Ikie^
diim/j and ^^^/nx, in prsu& cigredt folksy which I
have written $uty and keep r^Oi^ by me, to put
my ndme at the head of diem, as occa/hn ojfers^
70U know.

Merc. You jSify fellow! Do you think yon Cowt.
will have occsfion for pamgyrics on the osber fide Qy sst.
of die Styx I

Q^i 5th Ghoft.

228

DuAt-

CONT.

Quest.

Chid.
Boast.

Resol.

Refus.

Vejcat.

Thrbatsh

IMG.

QUBST* '

Affect.
Leaenc

t CoNT.

Boast.

LESSONS.

. 5ttiGh<^. fnat^rtthtre no great folks tiictci
Merc. Why, you fimpletonj don't you Jcnow,
that thofe, who were p^Mtefii in toother world, are
'4»eanift in that you are g^ht^^ to i Befides^ there
are neither, places ' nor ^ftHjions to gvoe .there. —
WbotxcjQU^ pray?. ...

6th Ghoft. A cofiqueror. I am die fa-
mous

M^rc. You ihan't conquer me^ I can. tell you,
Mr. Famous } . and, therefore, if you don't throw
your /word and your Jpeaty and all theie //v-
fbUsy into the !f/7Xy you flian't fet a foot in the

boat.. ^.

6th Ghoft. What^ muft not my immortal bo^
' nours accompany me ? If I had not thought of ^-
joying them in the bther worlds I had not taken
the pains I did about them.

Merc. You will fee prefcntly what honours
judge Minos ynW confer on you for ravaging man-
kind^ and deluging the world with blood.^-Siop.
fVbo arfc you ?

7th Ghoft. Si/, I am an univerfal genius.

Merc, t That is to fay^ in plain Englifli, a
Jack of all trades,, and good at none.

7 th Ghoft. Why, Sir, I have written upon all
manner oifubjeSs. I have publiflied ten volumes
mfolioy fixteen quartos^ thirty -five offavos, nine^
teen Voldmes in twelveSiZXidtwtnty-twop(mpblets.
/ am a Jlandard author in afironomy^ in natural
bijioryy in pbyfic^ in critictfm, in biftory, in ^iV,

tragic,

• ■■ ,

LESSONS. 229

ira^Cy and comic poetry y in metapbyjscsy in gram"
' mar, in

Merc. Plague on rfiy everUfting tongue \ is it Cont.
never to lie ftill any more. What moufitain of a Quest.
Iflolio is that^ thou haft tinder thine arm ?

jth Gboft. Sir, it is only my common-place^ Iutr.
^ock. "

Metx:^ Well, if you will go and difpofc of //, Cont.
dnd of your learned pride, and your Jcurrility to
all your cotemporary authors, and of your arro-^
^ance- in pretending to be iv^rr of fo mawf diffe^
rent JubjeSls, and of your oftentflticn, . in giving
yourfelf fo many filly airs of learning zieedlefsly 1
and come back in the drefi and difpofition of a
SHodeft, well-behaved Jkeleton, we fhall think of
giving you your paffage. —Now, ivho arc you ? Qutst.

8th Ghoft. Sir, I am worth a plumb, as I can Boast. -
ihew you by my Ledger. Look you here.

'* Balance Dr. Per Con. Cr.'*^ Chid.

Merc. ^Aj/, in the name of P/nr/nj •* ; has the ^'^^t.
filly ghofl gotten in h\s pericranium ? Doft think,
friend, that there is cheating, and ufury, zadjiofk-^
^bbingy in the lower regions ? Stand <7/i/ of the Refus.
wtfy. — JVhozxtyou? Quisr.

9th Ghoft. Sir, I am z gentleman j rat me. ' Fop p.

Merc. Ay, there's little doubt of your rot" Cokt.
tingj now you are dead. You was balf^rotten
before you died.

0^3 9th Ghoft,

* The god of riches.

a:

J30 LESSONS.

FopFBKT. 9(h Ghoft Sir^ I h^fc been the b^ppi^ d d|
Boast. mortals in the favour of the tadits^JpUf me* The

iiPider creatures ODOki refyfi, vnc wibif^. J ftjf-
fuered iHierqrer I I^/a4 Jt^ vtKf vitmls.
CiiiD!!9c. ' Merc. I caimot Init dtffiiinr your imf9tiem(eVi

Id) im aiv. Doa't^fou ibm9| fiitaji| chat Nkr^

cury is g ;^^^ If 9 ladf^ yA\o1tftnmrs were o^irift

ktnbtg, ever faiW ^/artking (otjat^ idf aiif /i(^-

CoMMANp t»l*d puffy ik yQ\it'/$rti Thcnkiit}fiimi iMof

Hith CoNT. jy^^ ^£ y^ nuifiaife^ but ;# and |ibrotp your

Jnt^^hm^ your sPMTJby ««hJf yoiir iWiikV, 9n4
your fflit me'Sf ^wc preienfionS to favours yoii
never re^m$4^ your lboli& hrmns^ »d yoiv chap-
tering /«9i|^ ( thtt^ tftteih ^1 inix> feb# ^^| ai4
then we fhtM . perhaps #«tt to you.
BpAST» loth Ghoft« I am Ml emperor^ and could bij|i^

with iNT^. fkree hundred tbo^and men intt thejfoA/, Apd—
Apfbc. with I ith Ghoft^ I am \ female cduquerer^ and kave
JWTI- hadjprm^tfx at tny feet. My beauty fa^l beep al-

ways thought irreJ^ibW^ nor has— —
Apfec. of i2thGbi)ili I am a vcnerabk pri^ of ^C
s E If ^ I N ^^'"i^'f ^ Apefle^ ai|d j^ ibmv j Mercury, whether
Cation: the r^^r/ of the Delpbtc^ oraeUs being only a
- ^ contrivance amopg us, be not a maliciats fiaieni
and whether the priefts ki all a^^J, arid, in eUl
places y have not ieeUy and tb/W not always be^ emi-r
neat for their artUJsy und^gning fimpUcity^ their
contempt of r/Vi&cfj, their i^^;?^ oppofitum to the
<ziliv/ of the great, and thdr 2:^17/ in pnxnpdng

truth ^d /i^r/y of confcienccy and

ijthOhOft-

L E S S O N S^ 231

ijthGhoft. I hsLrcthtkcnoMrtoU/ljfmiM Sir^ Fawh.
I am the darling of the grtai^ prince oa earth.
I have kept i&favour five and twenty years in
ypiieofxhc batred oiz whole nation^ aadtbc oris
of hundreds of rivals. There is not, I wiU take
-mpM me to fay ^ Sir^ vl fetch in politics^ not a con^
Mrivance for worming in, znd/crewing out, that I
am not ma/ier of. 1 had> I afire you» Svr, (a Whiip.
^vord in your ear) I had my king at much at my
command as zfl^epherd has his i/i^;. Sir^ I fliould
k}c proud to /frveyov, Sir, if you—

14th Gboft. I prefume, illuftrious Sir, you Stipf
nvMV W;ri^ m^ of my pafage^whcn I inf<mn you, ''*^'
1 only want to amy with me a few nojhums, a Lsarw.
licdt phyjical Latin, and a fmall coUeftion of
learned pbrqfes for exprefling common things nxNre
fMgnificently, which if they were put into a v^-
nacular tongue, would be too a^ly underjlood.
Bffides, I have, I believe

l5thGhoft. Great god of eloquence, you will Apfsc
not, I am perfuaded, fiop a famous lawyer and ^^
oraior^ I am m^/?^ of «^ trope ondfigure that Boast. *
aver was i^^ r^/ of, I can make any cau/e good^
By the time J have talked half an hour, there u
HOC z judge on the bencb^ that it^^n^i u/i^iVi^ ^4^
the right is on, or whether there be any right on
either Jide. And then, for irow- heating, and
finding ufeful and icafbnable demurs, quirks, and
the like, I dare challenge -'-^^

0^4 i6tb Qltu^

jjj LESSONS.

Hi po«. ■ ■ i6ih Ohoft. Mercury, I do intreat you to let

liU t .i*s. ^g cwne into the beat. I am fUrc, judge Mmts

will pafs a, very favourable JenUnee on me. For

it is well hioivn, that no body ever was a more

exaM tb/erver of the religious ceremeniet appointed

by autboriiy, and c^blifticd by cufiem, than wrj-

Jtlf. And what was alledged againft me, of my

being given to cf/tforieu/tiefr, pride, and privato

fm^ isaW/d^*— almoft— and —

CoKFiD. 17th Xibo^. I am Ture, Mercury, I flullbe

very well received by judge Mmos, judge Rba-

damantbui, and judge jEacus. For I never did

barm to any body ; but was always ready to do

■ - tfwy hndueft in my power. And there is tiotbiMg

StLf-vtK- can be alledged agaiMft me, worth naming. For

viCATioN. .^ .^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^j^^^ J ^jgjjgy^ neither god nor

fiiturefiatt. I was m «/*«/, as has been allrdgedf
but only a free-thinker.
Ikt«. f 8th Ghoft. Prt^, Mwcury, let a brave foldier

Pity. comc Into the boat. See what i/ab in my back I

<i»</ of.

19th Ghoft. Pray, Mercury, don^t keep out
an ittdufirivus citizen, who died of living too
frugally.

apth Ghoft. Pray, Mercury, let an htn^

farmer pa/:, who was knocked on the befdfot

not felling com to the poor for a/«fg.

I-jr-^ii- Merc. Hcity,t6ity! fVhat Yiivc vc got ! Wky

' " •- -_■ don't you all bawl together? Now, in the name of

^^ the three FurieS) jfleSo^ "Xyfipbone, and Megara,

^L of

LESSONS. 233

of the. Vejcoesy the Numina lava, and all the

RoUgus's and Averruncus^s that Hand on Aulus

Geilius's lift of mifcbievous deitits, whop muft we

doy Charon ? • '

Char. Pujh them away. Pnjh them into the Avgbk.

Styx. There is not one of them jf/ to he carried

ever. One comes loaded with pride of ^^w/y and Chid.

iufty another with arrogance and cruelty ^ another
with falfehood and flattery y another with love of

lamcy and ^^^r^ of boundlejs dominion^ another with

Ife learnings another with learned pride^ another

^vich fpiritual pride and bypocrify^ another with

avarice and churlijhne/s, another with foppery and

^alfe pretenfions to ladies favours^ another with

political crafty bribery y and corruption, another

>vith law quirks y another with quackijh nojirumsy and

another mthprieft crafty and they expeft, that my

jffoor little old half -rotten it>berry fhould carry tbm

and all their na^y luggage oyer aj one lift. Why,

^^f ercury, it would require fuch a vefely as thofe

^hey will build ^t the ifland q[ Albipn ty/o tbou-^

^and years bencCy which will be called/r;^ rate men

^ff wary to carry fuch a cargo. Therefore we Deter ii.

scppft e'en put offy with this balf -dozen of paffen-r

^erSy *nd, perhaps, by the time we come backy

:Sxnc of them wiU be ft ripped to the buffy I mean

^o the boneSy and difencumbered of their refpcftive

^ppurtotancesy fo as to be// for the voyage.

Merc. We have notbing elfe for it, Charon. Aoeii.

therefore, gentlemen and ladies, if y9u don't dear

234

DOVVT.

Af^roba-

TIOK.

|Ls«Pii,

L E s a O N s.

t&i9 tr4y> I mull be nub to you. FsUl bick^fall
k^^k I have not vom to pulh tke ^m/ q^^
[Sundiog A tiptoe^ and looking as i|C a diftant
objeft.] O— Methinks I fee a coupk idmoiefi^
h^tHg glkfis whom I fltould kM^i»j ftanding at a
d^anf^. ..4ltyV% i( i^ ^ J^we. Hark ye^ you
go^dp^ppU^ come /i'lV w^y. You ieem to, have
;^^^ offiXX your ^/^ lumhir. I rtmemier you.
You lived in a /l//i^ r^//^^^ on the lide of a kill
in the Chtrjmefui CimM^a^ You vitrc always

<^har. ^^ke them i». Mercury* They are
worth an hnndredef your cumbrous mnfarors, tm^
querent kcoHiies, and liJ^ail, C$m^ let w /ajfi

• . I

utm.

AfOLOCY.

. I • .

j!^ C C It SAT-It) K.

FroiJi Ci(er$h Oration againft -^i^rei^ enticed

t>IVlNA'^tO«

HAVINQ lortnerly had die honour of beii«
fuafivr in Si^ly^J^wi leaving chat people
with fuch gratfful imprefllonstif oie oa account
of .my iehmnour, while I wa$ aAioog them, as,
I hope, will not>4ff be ej^aced, it appeared^ thitt
as they, iisd great dependence upon their Z^-
mrfatrtm for the .forutity of tbor propcrtiie^

thcY

LESSONS. 935

they likewife repofed Jfmt degree of con^denet

jam. ThoCtunhiffi^^pe^hhmi^fimdnul^ f^^^r
4iffr€ff€d^ have taadc frequent mdpuHU e^^plm^

tints to met intre^tiDgt dwt I would undextake
the defence of them^ andtfaar fertuneei whidi»
diey told me^ were they encoun^ged to repfejf d
nst^ by Jfrcmi/es I had given them (of xht^ncerity
of Which they had had feyeral Juhfiantialpmfs) Pkom.
diat iSever they fhould have ^ccqficn for my friend'"
jbip^ \ would not be wanting in any refpeS in which
I could Ik: ^feful to them^ The time was now Iittk.
come» thjcy .tdd me» when (hey had but foe much
ecoffion to claim my promjfe i for that they were
now ii) w^nt of froieSien^ not for (heir preperiy Pitt.
only^ but even for their Ivoes^ and for iecuring
the very h^ing of the province. That for three Accvt.
jemrs they had fuffcred by the iijultice of Cma
VerreSi every bardjbip^ with which daring impiety^
n^acious injolence^ and wf^iton cruelty ctnild i^
tre/s a mijerable and belpl^s peopU. It gave me Vixat«
nijmall cGficern, to find myfidf obliged either to
falf^ my prmife to tMc wfap had repofed a
^oftfidence in me^ or to \mdertake die ungratefui
part of an accufer^ inftead pf that which I have
imlfvays chojen^ I mean of a defender. I referred
them to the patronage ^{ ^intus C^cHiuSj who
^ykfceeded me in the quiffiorjbip of the province. I Diclxh.
^^vas in hopes I fliould thus pxfree of the difagree*
^ik office they had iblicited roc to eng4ige in. Vjmcat,
^uf |» my great SfappointmeHtj they told me, fo

^ • for

2^ LESSONS.

Accvs, fir from their ha^ng "Siny hopes from C^cilius^

their diftrefles hi& been beigbPened by him; and
that he had, b/^his conduSy during his quafimrfiip^
made their application to ftie more necejfarj^ dian

Apql. otberwifi it w^^W have been. You fee, therefore.

Fathers, that I am drawn to engage in this caufc
by duty ^fidelity y and commijeration fpr the diftreffed^
and that, though I may Jeem to take the accufing
fide, it is, in fa£ly the defence of the opfreffed,
that I undertake, the defence of many iidufands,
of many ^r^<2/ r///Vj, of a «;Ao/^ province. And
indeed, though the cauft were of lefs confequence
than it i'si though th6 Sicilians had notrequ^ed
my afllftahce; and though I had not been ^y mj
promijey and my connexion's >vith that unfortunate'
people, obligfd to undertake their defence, though
I had 'profefledly commenced this profecution

Accu3. Vvith a view to thtfervice of my country merely ;

that a mah infamous for his awrtccy impudence,

■

and villainy, whofe rapacioufnefs, and other
crimes of various kindi, arc notoriouSy not in
Sicily only, but in jlcbaia, jifta Minor, Cilicia,
Pamphyliciy and even here at home j xhzxfucb a xoiz;!
might, zt'my'inflancey be brought upon his trial,
and receive the punijhment he dejerves ; though I
had had »^ other view in this profecution than
that jujlice (hould be done upon a rr//^/ opprejfor,
S E L F -V I N D I - and the diftreffed be delivered i what Roman Could

have blamed my proceeding ? How could I do a
more ifatu^lle ki^y'icc to the fommonwealtb? Wha»

o^ghf

CATtf>N. •<

L E &S O N S4 237

ought to be more acceptable to the Roman people^

to our allieSy or to foreign nations ? What more de-

Jirablt .towards fecuzing xi^ properties^ privileges^

and //WJ of mankind, than exemplary jujiiccy in-

tl^BieA xm notorious ab'ufersoipo^er? Dtplofable Virx.-

IS xh&Jituation of the tributary/ii/^i'.and^r^^;>rr^x

of the commonwealth. Opfrejfed^ plundered^ ruined^

by thofe whoare fet w^ them, -they do* not now

{)rtfume to hope for ^/rTrrr.<3;r^^. Aihthey defire,

isralitik tf//rz;itf/^» oiftbeirdiilrefles.. They are

willing to fubmit xhcit.caufe to tht juftice oE a: Ror

manfenate. But they, who ought to. under take

th^. vindication, drt their enemies. They, if ho Ace us.

ought to commence the pro/ecution againft their op^

prefors, deferve themfehes, to be brought upon

their triaJ.ior their own mal-adminiftration.

It is fufficiendy kncaam to you. Fathers, that Tea<;h. or

the law for recovery, of tributes unjjt/lly feizedj ^**^*

^as intended exprefsly for the advantage of the

allied, and tributary Jiates. For in cafes of injuftice

done by me citizen to another^ redrefs , is to be

had by affion at common law. Theprelent caufe

is, therefore, to be tried by the law of recovery.

And, under the umbragdof that law, and in hopes

of redrefs by it, the province of Sicily, with one

voice, accufes Verres o( plundering her of her gold Accus.

^ndJilver,,o{ the riches of her towns, her cities,

and temples, and o(all fhe enjoyed under the^r^;-

teffitm c£tht Roman commonwealth, to the value

o( manx millions y &c.

From

»J«

L B s 8 o ^r sf.

TiACR^or

EXFL.

AWB.

Ihpor.

Accus.

Apol.

ExciT.

\

From bis other Oracbai againft Vencsi

m

The time is teme. Fathers^ when that iriudi
has Icng been wijbed foTy towards alliying the
emy^ your order has httn/ubjeS io^ andfvxwoiqf
the imputations againiik triaU^ is (m by . hummo
gontrivancOi hat/t^erior dtreSkn) efiBudlfy put
in empower. An optmon has hmgprevdUd^ not
only here at borne ^ but iikewiie in foreigu courts
tries, both dangerous to you, and pernicious to the
jfii/^^ viz. That, in prqfecutions,wtno{wealibutt
silways/afe, however, elearly conviffeJ. Therp is
now to be brought upon his trial before you, ID
the confufiouy I hope of the propagators of this
fianderous imputationy one, whefe /{/if and aSions
condemn him in the opinion of all impartial per«
fons I but who, according to his own reckonings
and declared dependance upon his riches, is
already acquitted*^ I mean Caius Verres. I have
undertaken his proiecution, Fathen, at the go^
neral defire, and with the great enpeRatiom of die
Roman people, not that I might draw enty upon:
that illujlrious order, of which the accufed faifspCDft
to be ; but with the direS defign of clearing your
jufiice and impartiality before the world. For I
have brought upon his trial, one, wbofe undn^
has hccti/ucb that, in paffing a/irjf kateoct upw
him, you will have an opportunity c£re^efiakmk^

LESSONS. 239

tug the credit of fuch trials 1 oi recovering what-
ever may be loft o( the favour oi the Roman people^
aad oijatisfying foreign ftates and kingdoms io Insist.
allioMce with uSj or tributary to us, I demand Ace us.
juftice of you. Fathers, upon the robber of the
public treafury^ the opfrejfor of AJia Minor and
PsmpfyBa^ the invader of the nj^ifr/j and /m;/-*
/ej^rf tit Romans y tht/courge and ri^fySr of Sicify. If
that/entence hpajed upon him which his rrim^j Excit.
dejerve^ your authority^ Fathers, will be venerable
^Lad/acred in the eyes of the public. But if his
great riVir^j fliould bias you in his favour^ I fliall
ftill gsun 0^^ point, viz. To make it apparent to
all the worlds that what was wanting io this cafe
was not a criminal^ nor a profecutor i hut juftice,
and adequate punijbment. And, to confeis the Apprib*
very trutb. Fathers, though various^^^j have
been laid for me, on fea and land, by Ferres,
uriuch I have partly avoided by my own vigilance,
partly baffled with the help of my friends ; I have
never htcnfo apprehenjive of danger from him, as
«0W. Nor does my anxiety about my own infuffl^
ciency for conducing fuch a /n^/, nor the tfzc;r,
with which fo great a concourfe of people ftrikes
me, alarm my apprebenfions io much, as the wicked
arts and defigns, which I /t^^^te^ he has framed
againft Marcus GJabrio the praetor, againft the 49/-
tied and tributary ftates, againft: the whole fenato^
^idirank^ and againft i92/2r^. For he makes no Acctr»«
yiruple publicly to declare, *' That in his opuiion

tb^ A

€€

240

CONT.

Accus*

LESSONS.

** li^ alone have reafon to fuir being called td
*' account, who have only amafled what is fufi-
" cient for ihemfel'ucs. That, for i&w part, he
'^ h2s prudently taken care to fecure what will be
** Sufficient for himfelf and many ^/i^^rj belides.
.** That he knows there is nothing Jo Jacred, but
** it may be made free tvith, noxKm^ io well'
^^ fecure J, but it may be come at by z* proper ap-
'^ plication of money J' It is true, we are fo far
obliged to him, that he joins with his daring
wickednefs, fuch hare-faced folly, that it muft be
our own egregious and inexcufable fault, if wc are
deceived by him. For, as thofe a£b of violence^
by which he has gotten his exorbitant riches, were
done openly, fo have his attempts to pervert judg-
7nent, and efcape due punijhment, been public, and
in open defiance of decency. He has accordingly
faid, that the only time he ever was afraid, wa$i
when he found the profecution commenced againft
him, by me -, left he fliould not have time enough
to difpofe of a fufEcicnt number of prefents in
proper hands. Nor has he attempted to fecure
himfelf by the legal way of defence upon his trials
And, indeed, where is the learning, the eloquence,
or the art, which would he fufficient to qualify
any one for the defence of him whole whole life
has been a continued /tr/W of the moll atrocious
crimes ? To pafs over t\it Jbameful irregularities ci
hisyouth, what does his quaftorjbip, the firft public
employment he held, what does it exhibit, but one

1 continued

lessons;

continued Jcene of viUanies ; Cneius Carho plmi^
dtred of the puUic money by his oivjr trcajkrtr |
t conjulftripfed and betrayed i an ^ mj deferted and
reduced to want I z prsvhtce roiied ; the ffvi/ and
religious rights of a ^^/f violated. The cmphy^
meut he held in ^^ Minar and Pampiylia, what
did itproduce, but the nr/» of thofe countries ; in
which bcu/es, cities, and temples were robbed by
him. There he adtcd over again theT^^^r^ of his
quaftorjhip, bringing by his bad pra&ices, OffiW
Dolabella^ whofe Jubfiitute he was, into difgrace
with tht people, and then dejerting him j not only
defertingy but even accujing and betraying him.
^i&tf/ was his conduB in his pr^etorjhip here at
home? Ijct the plundered temples B,nd public works
negleSed, that he might embezzle the i9i^;f(y m-
fended for carrying them o», bear witnejs. How
did he difcharge the (T^r^ of ^ judge ? Let /A^/Jr,
yfiho Juffered by his injuftice, anjwer* But his

^ratorjhip in «yiV/7y5 crowns all his works oi wicked^
nejsy and finifhes a lafting monument to his /^^^

Jamy. The mif chiefs done by him in that «»-
happy country, during the three years of his iniqui^
tousadminiftration, are fuch, that mar^ years under
the fe;}/"^ and ^^ of prators, will not be fuffi-
cient to reftore things to the condition in which
ht found them. For it \% notorious, that, during
the time of his /}>rtf;i»y, xht Sicilians neither en- Pityi
joyed the proteilicn of their own original Aawj,
of the regulations made for jheir ^r^f?/?/ by the

R Reman

242 L E S S O N S^

Roman j€nat^t VLipofi their coming under die pro*
tcdtion of the comm^nwialth^ nor of the natural
and unatienaUi rights of men. No inbaiiiani q£
^hat ndnid foundry hlsi$ been aUe to keep pajf^an
oiany things but what ha$ either e/caped the ra^
Ac c u s. facioufnefsy or been neghSed by the Jatieiy of that

univerfal plunderer. His nodh9& decided all caufts
in Sicily for thefe three years. And hjs deeifims
have broken all law^ all precedent^ all right. The
fums be has^ by arbitrary taxes^ and mAeasr4^9f
impofitions^ extorted from the indufirioux p^or^ are
not to be computed. The wxA faithful allies of Ae
commonwealth have been treated as enemies* Ra^
man citizens have, like^i^^x^ been put to death
with tortures. The moft atrocious criminals, for
money ^ have been exempted from the deferved pu^
nijbments s and men of the m(^ unexceptionable
cbaraSfers, condemned^ and banifbed, unheard. The
bflrbours, though fufficiently fortified, and the
gates of ftrong tov^ns, opened to pirates and ra^
vagers. Tbt foldiery and/ailors, belonging to a
province under the proteSlion of the commn-^
wealthy ftarvcd to death. Whole Jkets, to the
great detriment of the province, fufitred to peri/b.
' The antient mmiuments of either Sicilian or Roman
greatne/s, the Jlatues of heroes e^nd princes, carried
cffi and the tetnples firipped ^f theiamj^fju The
infamy of his lewdnefs has been fucfa^a&ifr^a^y/or-
bids to defcribe. Nor will I, by mentioning par^
tifulars, put thoffi unfortunate perfoos to frefo
t pain.

LESSONS. 243

fain^ who have not been able to fave their wives
and dougbiers fronri his impurity. And theie his
atrocious crimes have been committed in to public
a manner, dut there is tw one^ who has kemrd of
his name^ but could reckon up his oBitms.

Having, by hisiuiquitous/enteMces^ filled the pri--

/ons with the mod induftricus and deferving of the
people, he then proceeded to order numbers of
Roman citizens to ht ftr angled miht gaols i fbthat
the exclamation, '^ I am a citizen of Route %* Defhica*
which has often, in the moft diftant regions^ and ^*ccwt,
among the moft barbarous people^ been zproteSion^
was of no fervice to them j but, on the contrary,
brought a Jpeedier^ and more Jevere punijbment
upon them,

I ^, now, FerreSj what you have to advance Chali..
againft this ci^arge ? Will you pretend to dettf it ?
Will you pretend, that any thing falfty that jcven
any thing aggravated^ is alledged againft you ?
Had any prince^ or any ftate, committed the Rbmoh.

^ame outrage againft the privilege of Roman citi^
zens, ftiould we not think we had fufficient
ground for declaring immediate war againft
them ? JVhat punift)ment ought, then, to be in- Accus.
fli&ed upon a tyrannical and wicked praetor, who
dared, at no greater diftance than Sicily^ within

Ji^t of the Italian coaft, to put to the infamous
death of crucifixion that unfortunate and innocent
citizen, Publius Cavius Co/anus ^ only for his having Pity,
ajferted his privilege of citizenjhip^ and declared

R 2 his

244 LESSONS.

his intention o( appealing to ihtjujiice of his coun-^

Ace us. tfj againft a cruel opprejbr^ who had unjuftlj con^

fined him in prijon at Syracuftr, from whence he

Pity. hadjuft made his ejcape? The unbapjy man ar^

rejledy as he was going to embark for his native
country^ is brought before the wicked praetor.

Accus, With eyes darting fiiryy and a countenance dif-

torted with cruelty^ he orders the belplejs viHim of
his rage to he gripped, and rods to be brought i ac^
cujing him, but without the leaft Jhadow of m-
</(f«r^, or even ofjufpicion^ of having come to Si*

Pity. cily as a Jpy. It was in vain, that the unhappy

Dfcf RECA- ^rt;j ^ried out, " I am a Roman citizen, I have

'^ Jerved under Lucius Pretius, who is »^a; at

Ac CVS. " fanormuSy and will ^^//^ my innocence** The

blocd'thirjiy prator, deaf to all he could urge in
his own defeyice, ordered the infamous punijhment to
be infiicled. Thus, Fathers, was an innocent Ro^
man citizen publicly mangled Wxth fcourgingi whilft

Pitt. the only words he uttered amidft his cruel Juffer-

• DfePR. ings were, * *' 1 zm d, Roman Citizen." With

/>&^/J? he ho fed to ^/^^w^ himfelf from violence and

Ace us. infamy. But of fo little Jervice was this privilege

to him, that while he was thus ajferting his «//-

Horror. zenfljipy the order was given for his execution —

for his execution upon t\it cro/s! —

Lamek. O liberty !—0 found once delightful to every.

Reman ear ! —O Jacred privilege oi Raman citizgn-^

^'^v.T.l!!!! />{/> !—once f acred I — now trampled upon ! — But

what then ! Is it come to this ? Shall an inferior

magiftrate.

to V'lNDIC.

N

LESSONS. J4

ifirate^ a goremoTj who holds his otm.V fccrtr
of the RsMOM people^ io a Rmmsm prcvhtce^ within
^^A/ of Italj, bind^Jc^mrgt^ tn-ture with fire and
red hot plates of ir^x^ and at the laft put to the fit*
famms death of the crofs^ a Rswuin cilizeM ? Shall
neither, the m^j o£ innocence exphing in #;«urj nor
the tears of pitjingJpeSators^ nor the majejiy of the
Rmnan commcnwealtb^ nor the/ear of xhejufiice of
his country J rejtrain the licentious and wanton cru^
elty of a monfier^ who» in confidence of his riches^
ftrikes at the r^^/ of liberty^ and fets mankind at . ,

defiance ?

I conclude with expreiling my ifr^^j^ that your
wi/dom and juftice^ Fathers, will not, by iu0qp^
ing the atrocious and unexampled injoknct of Caius
Yerres to efcape the due punijbmenty leave room
to apprehend the danger of a total fuiverfiom of
authority^ and introdu£iion of general mutrcby and
(onfujion.

R 3 LXIV,

246 LESSONS.

LXIV.

TwRO]^. piscoviRY of fecrct Wickcdncfi*

Thfe ghoft of Hamki: l^ing of Denmark, mur^
^ dcred by his brother, iii concert with his
queen, appears to Hamlet his fon. \Sbake/p^
Hamlet,]

AiARMr Horatio, J'OOK, irtylord, \tcofnesI

SrkXT. Hamlet, Angels and Mimjter^ cf

gra^e defend x^V —
Te«m9» Be %h6u a fpirit ofbeahbj, vr goblki Janbt*di

Bring with Ace airs from Heav% or bla^s from

bflh
Be thy intents wicked or cbaritaile.

Thou com*ft infuch ^efiionable^ fiafe.

That I will/peak tq thee. I'll cajl the Hamlei,

King^

* Hamlett (landing in converfation >yith Horatio and Mar-
Cellus, is Aippofed to be turned from the place where the
ghoft appears, and is feen by Hpratio* When Horatio gives
die word, that the ghoft appears^ Hamlet turns haftily round
toward it in great conftemation, and f xprefTes his fear in the
iirft line, «* -Angels and miniftcrs^* ^c. Then, aftera/Mrj*
fmufii looking eameftly at tlie fpefbe, he goes on^ '* Be thoii
" a fpirit," &c. Sec Fear, p. 17.

' ^eftionahle^ means inviting queftion. The ghoft ap-
peared in a fhape fo interefting to the young pxince, viz. Tha(
of his father, that he could not help venturing tp fpeak to i{|
thpugh vfixh, grca^ reluctance fi^ni fear.

\

LESSONS* 245

Kingy Father^ Royal Dane! O an/u;er nu^ Earnest

Why thy bones y bears' d in canonized iarihy
Have burft their cearments ■ ? why thc/epuickre^
Wherein we faw thee quietly inum*iiy
Hath op' dK\s ponderous and VMxhXt jaws^
To cajl thcc forth again ? fFbat may this;fif^;r)
That thy dead cor/e again in warlike Jieel
Revijits thus the gUmpJes of the mcon^
Making night hideous f

Sayy ^iy is this? Whzt would'ft thou hsLVt done Quist.
for thee ?
Ghoft. *• I am thy father's fpirit^ to earth Hbak^R*
return'd
Foul murder to difclofe — l^ft^ then, O Hamlet /— '
Tis given outy ^ztjleeping in my garden,
hferpent Jiung me. So the ear of Denmark
Js, , by a forged procefs of my death y
Grofsly abus'd. But ^mw, thou princely youth, • ' "
The ferpenty that did^'»^ thy father dead,
Nqw wears his crown. Sleeping within an alcove, Compl.
On tnyfecurity thy «»^/^ ^tf/^ ' I n% r y •

With juice of curfed hebenon diftill'd.
And in the porches of mine ears did pout
The leprous poifon, whofe contagious nature

R 4 Holds

K Ciarmfnu are the medicated fwathings put about a dead
body t to prefcrve it longer from putrefafUon ; from cera, wax.

^ The fpcech of theghoil to be f^oken without adion, very
flqw and iblemn, with little variation of voice, and in a hol-
low dreary tone.

>• t

\

248

Cautiok-

IKG.

Akcuisb.

L E S-S O N S.

Holds fuch an enmity with the life of man^

That with 2Ljudden vigour it doth curdle

The /<&/Vr and wbolejome blood. So did it mine^

And inftantly a /^//w' harkd aboutj

Moft /j;2;^r /i/i:^^ with vi/^ and loatbfome cnf/t,

^If W)y Jmootb body.

Thus wa$ I, Jl^cpingy by a broibcr*s hand.

Of /(/2r^ of crowtty of jttr/ify at once bereft.

Cut 17^ ev'n in the blojfom o( my fins i

jVff reckoning madej. but fent to my account y

With all my imperfeSions on my bead.,

If phoq haft 7f j///r^ in tlHe^ bear it no/.

Let not the royal bed of Denmark be

A couch for filthiffe/s,, ^nd beaftly incefi^

But howfoever thou purfu'ft redrejsy

Taint not thy mind^ nor let thy foul contrive

Againft thy motber augbt. Leave her to beav*n^

And to thofe tbomfy that in her bofom lodge^

To goad and fiing her. i^tf r^ /i>^f well at once.

The glow-worm (hews the morning to be »^tfr j

His inefFeftual/r^ begins to/4.V»

FareweL Remember me.

ucv,

LESSONS. 249

Exhortation. Reproaching.

The Athenians^ being unfuccefsful in the war
againfl: Philip of Macedon^ aflembledj in great
dejefbion, in order to confult what meafures
were to be taken to retrieve their feemingly
defperate affairs, Demc^enes endeavours to
encourage them, by (hewing them, that there
was nothing to fear fixnn Philip^ if they [^ro-
fecuted the war in a proper manner. ^Demofi.
Philip. Orat.]

ATHENIANS!

HAD this affembly been called together on Apol.
an unujual occafion, I fhould have waited
Xo hear the opinions of others ^ b' fore I had of-
fered my own\ and if what they propo/ed had
lecmed to mt judiciousy I fhould have b^tnftlent ;
i( otberwi/e, I (hould have given my reajons for Submis*
differing from thofc, who had fpoken before me.
But as the ilibjedt of our prefent deliberations Afol.
has been often treated by others^ I hope I ihall be
cxcufed, though I rife up firfi to offer my opi-
nion. Had the iQ\\tm^%y formerly propofcd, been
jHc^eJsfuly there had b^en no occafion for x}^t prefent
fonfultatioq,

Firft,

25D LESSONS,.

Ekcou. Firft, then, my countrymen, let me ininat

you not to look upon the flate of our afiairs as
defperatey though it be nnprotnifing. For, as on
one hand, to compare the prefent with times paft^

CoKCKRN. matters have indeed a very, glomy €ifptB% fi>, on

the other ^ if we extend our views to future times,

Hopi« I hav6 good hopes, that the diftreffts wt ilrc mm

under Will prove of greater udvantitge to us, than

Doubt. if we had never fuilen \i\to them. If ic be afked,

yihtXfrobahility there is of this ; I anfwcr, I hope
it will appear, that it is oar egregious m^lufviouT
alone that has brought us into thefe difadwmtom
geoHs circumjlances* From whence follows thc=:
nectifiry of altering our condtid, and the prof«—
peft of bettering our circumfiances by. doing ft
If we had nothing to accufe ourfclves of, and y
found our affairs in their frefent diforderly condi
tion ; we ihould not have room left even for th
hope oi recovering ourfelves. But, my country —
men, it is known xo you, partly by your own re-
membrance, and partly by information from
others, how gloricufiy \ht Laeed^em^nian war was
Juftainedy in which we engaged in defence of ocw
own nf /?//, againft an tneiny powerful tndfommi^
dable ; in the whole condu^ of which war nofiiMrg

Approba- happened unworthy the dignity of the jfybeni^g

T^o**- ^atei and this within th^ft few years paft. My

intention in recalling to your memory this part

Exciting, of our hiftory is, to fticw you, that you have «>

rcafon to fear any enemy, if your opendons bt

Repr.

DlREC.

Hope.

ArPREHfiN.

Exciting.

Courage.

LESSONS. 251

wifely planned^ znd vigoroujly executed -y as, on the AppnEHiif-
eontrarj^ that if you do not exert your natural ''^^'
ftrtngtb in a prefer manner^ you have nothing to
Uok for but difappointment and diftrejs ; and to
iiiggeft to you, that you ought to profit by this Exciting*
example of what has a&ually been done by good con^
siuS againft the great power of the Laceda^oio*
JaianSy (b as in the pre/ent war to ajfert your fupe- Courage.
^^ritf over the infolence of Philip j which it is ^- Ra ph,
/ from experience may be effeSed^ if you re- £kco0.
ve to attend diligently to thofe important objeSSj
hich you have of l^t Jjbamefalfy negleffed. The R«ci*
^^iiemy has indeed gained conjiderable advantages^
Iby treaty y as well as by conqueft. For it is to be
^BxpeStedy that princes and ^^/rx wiil rewrr the al<»
^Xance of /i&^, who, by their counfels and arms^
icon likely to procirt^ for tbemfelves ^nd their
49nfederates diftinguiflied honours and advantages •
But, my countrymen, though you have of late £ncov«
Ven ##^ fupinely negligent of wh^c coneerned you
A nearly j if you will ev^ now refol ve to exert
yoiirfelves unanimoujlyy each according to his re* Ehrvbst.
^eStivc abilities aqd circumftances -, the r/^ii, by *'^"'
Contributing liberally towards the expence of the
War, and the reft by prefentrng themfelves to be
fff rolled, to make up tiie deficiencies of the army
^tkl «tf tjy ; if, in fhorc, you will at Jaft re/ume youf
^T€;» cbaraffer, and aft like youTfelves, it is not yet Encou.
/4/r, J with the help of Heaven, to recover II R^ver.
WhA yon have A/, and f to infti^ the juft ^ CourI

vengeance

^52

EXCITIKC.

Rem*

EXCITXHG*

AFrKBItBHS.

Rousihg.
Shams.

Refkov.
with

COKT^MFT.

Rousing.
Shame.

Coj»TSMPT.

Chxdikg.

LESSONS.

mengmnce on your injolent enemy, Philip is but
a mortal. He cannor, like a ^0i> Jecure to him-
felfi beyond t\it poffibUity of dijafpointment, the
acquijiticns he has made. There are thoie, who
i&tf/^ him ; there are^ vfhofiar, and there are who
envy him i and of thcfe/omcy who feem mod: in/i^
parably cenneEled with him, Thcfe your inoQi^
vity obliges, at prefent, to ftifte their real fenti^
mentSy which are in your favour.' But when will
you, my countrymen, when will you rouje from
your indolence y and bethink yourfel yes of what is to
be done? When you are forced to it by ibmc fatal
dif after ? When irrefiftible neceffity drives you ?
IVhat think ye of the difgraces^ which are alreadbf
come upon you ? Is not the pafi fufficient to/i-
mulate your aHivity ? Or do ye wait for ibme-
what^f / to come^ more forcible and urgent ? How
/^iij^ will you amufe yourfelves with enquiring of
one another after news^ as you ramble idly about
ihcftreets ? Wfeat news fo ftrnnge ever catne to
Athens^ as. That a Mac(4onian Oxouidfuhdue this
ftatCy and /^r^/ it pver Qreecef Again, you alk one
another, '' m>at, is Philip de^dr ^* No," it is
anfwcrcd, ^^ but he is very ill** Jpiow foolifi> this
cur toft ty ! What is it to you^ whether Philip isjick^
or well ? Suppofe he were dead. Your inaSivity
would foon raife up againft yourfelves another
Philip in his ftead. For it is not hisftrengtb, that
has made him te;i&j/ i^^ /j; but your indolence i
which has, odate^ hctnfucb^ that you feem nei-
ther

LESSONS. j253

thcr in a condition to take any advantage of the
€nemyy nor to keep it, if it were gained by others
for you.

But what I have hitherto obferved to your r^i Recol.
^roacby will be of no fervice toward retrieving
the faft mijcarriagesy unlefs I proceed to offer a
flan for raifing the neceflkry fupplies of money,
Jbippingy and men.

The orator then goes on to treat of ways and
means. But that part of his fpeech being lefs
entertaining, and his demands of men, money,
and fhipping, being piriful, compared with
the immenfe funds, and ftupendous armaments,-
we are accuftomed to, I leave it out. After-
wards (he Ihews Philip's infolence, by produc-
ing his lettfrs to the Eubccans; and then
makes remarks on them.

The prcfent difgraceful (late of your affairs. Regret.
tny countrymen, as it appears from the injolent
(train of the letters I have juft read, may not,
pet^aps, be a very pleajing fubjeft for your re^
jUSions. And if, by avoiding the mention o( dif- Reluc.
agreeable circumflanceSy their exiftence could be
prevented or annihilated y there would be nothing to
doy but to frame our Jpeeches fb as to give the
mo^ pleafure to the hearers. But, if the unfea- Apprfhens
Sonzblc/moothne/s of a fpeech tends to lull a peo-
ple into afatal/ecurityy ho'Njbameful is fuch felf-^

deceit !

i

254 LESSONS.

Re PR. deceit! How contemptible the weaknefs ofputdng

^the evil day^ and through /r^r of htm!g Jhockei

Apfrshen- at the fight of what is dijordered in our agkirsy to

sioK. fuflFcr the diforder to incratfe to fuch a degree^ as

CouKAOB. ^"^ foon be irretrievable ! Wifdonn, on the con-

trary^ diredls^ that the condu£fcors of a war al«

Contempt, ways anticipate the operations of ^ enemy, in-*

ftead of waiting to fee what fteps be (hall take.

CouEAGE. Superiority of genius fhews itfelf by taking the
^art of others ; as in marching to battle, it is the
general who leads, and the common Joldiers that —

Repe. follow. Whereas you, Athenians, though yoit^

Imdign. ^ mailers of all that is necejfary for war,

Jhipping, cavalry, infantry, 2sA funds, have not
Jpirit to make the proper ufe of your advantages

Rousing. but fufFer the enemy to dittate to you every motii

Shame. you are to make. If you hear, that Philip is in

the CherJoneJus\ you order troops to be fent '*
ther. If €t Tyla\ forces are to be detach w ^/
fecure that pcft. Wherever he makes an attack,
there you (land upon your defence. You attend
him in all his motions, s^foldiers do their genenL

Chiding. But you never think of ftriking out ofyour/ehes

any bold and effeSual fcheme for bringing him

Contempt, to reafon, by being before-hand with him, Apiti-^
ful manner of carrying on war at any time : but|

ArpRBHi»Ks. in the critical circumftanccs you are now iO}

utterly ruinous. However you might trifle, 6
long as things were ip a tolerable (late of /afet]
you will not, I hope, think of going on in tt

(an

LESSONS. 255

iimf way, now that the very l^et?fg of the fiaie is
come to be precarious. I would willingly fatter Hope.
myfelf with the hope, that things being come to
t crijis, the hdt^ftrides made by Philip toward
the conqucft of this commonwealth will prove
the means of defeating his dejignr. Had he pro-
ceeded deliberately 2Lnd prudently, you feem fo dif- Sarcasm.
pofed to peace, that I do not imagine you would
have troubled yonrfelves about his taking a few
fowns and provinces, but would have given him
kave, without molejlation, 10 affront your Jland^
ards and flags at his pleajure. But now, that you
fee him making rapid advances toward your ca-
pital, perhaps you may at laft be alarmed, if you
be not lojl to all fenfe of prudence, honour, or
Jafety.
. OJbame to the Athenian name! We undertook Rousing.
this war againfl Philip, in order to obtain redrejs Shame.
kX grievances, and to force him to indemnify us for
the injuries he had done us. And we- have con- Sarcasm.
du&ed it io Juccejsfully , that we fhall by and by
think ourfclves happy, if we efcape being defeated
and ruined. For who can think that a prince, AppRrKENs.
of his reftlefs and ambitious temper, will not im-
prove the opportunities and advantages which our
itubihnee 2XidL timidity prejent him? Will he give Remo.v.
^9ver hisdefigns againft us, without being obliged Alarm.
to it ? And who will oblige him ? }Vho will rejirain
hiikfury? Shall we wait for affiftance from fome 5^,
unknown country ? In the name of all that \sf acred, i n r r e a t.

and

zs% i>jp: s s o N s.

AfrRiBBMSt, Thcrc(o^q thcfe^cp J of tbme /rijA/ mc the m0re:

For fuch things in iifalfe diflqyal knave
Are -triAf ofxitfomi but \n a man, that's /ir/?^
They're dijiillaiions working from the ^^or/,

Eakn. Which ^^tf/i cannot rule. Therefore I tell thee

Cn K%Q. Thou doft conjpire zgzitA- thy friend, lago.

If thou but ibink'ft him wrong* d^ and mak'fl bis

ear
A fir anger to thy thought.

Flier. lago* I do hejeech you.

Reluct. From one, that fo imperfeBly conceits.

Your wijdom would not build yourfclf a trouble
Out of tny/cattering and lAj/i^r^ ob/ervance.
It were not (or your quiet, nor your ^W,
Nor for my manhood, honefiy, and wifdom.
To lee you it^f^u; my thoughts.

Qu»sT. Oth. ^i&o/ i*j/? thou mean ?

PiiET. lag. Good name in m^ii, or woman, dear my

Rbluc. Is the inaniediate jVw^/ of their/c«/j.
CoHT. Vf ho fieals vny pur/e, ftcals /r^^i Ws/ometbing —

nothing —
'Twas mine — Ws bis— it has been^vf to tbou^

CoKc* But he vfho filches from me my good name,

Robs me of that, which makes not him the

, And makes me poof indeed.
CflAiG. Oth. ' ril ^»tfw thy tbflugbts.

lag-

LESSONS. 259

lag. ifou cannot i if my heart were in your Rt rat.
band ^ I
Beware^ my Lord, beware o^jealoufy, Caut.

That gbaftly gretn-efd monfter^ which doth make Horroh.
The meat it feeds on *"« 7he injur* d bujband^s

happy,
Who, certain of his fate, loves hot his traitre/s :
But, oh, what rr/r^/ minutes tells be o'er,
Who dotes, yet £/c«^/j ^ fufpeffs, ytt Jirongly loves. Angw*
Oth. O mifery ! [Afidc.]

lag. P^^, and content^ is nVit^ and rich
enough :
But wealth unbounded is as^^^.as winter^
To him, who ever fears, he ilhall be^^or.— Pkit.

1 //io«^/, this hath a little ^^V your fpir its. Srur.

Oxh. Not 2i jot I not 2L jot. Farewel. Prit.

If thou dolt more perceive, let me know more. Imdifp.

[Exit I ago.}
Why did I marry ? This bonejl fellow^ ^ouh^tb, Jial.
Sees, and ^i/£>wj i»^r^, f^ii^r^ more, than he unfolds.
He ii:;;6«;j all qualities, with a learned fpirit
Of i&tf;^^;; ^^<?/;ii|^j*— Should I prove \itx faitblefs^ Amc v.

S a Tho*

* lag. You tannotf &c.] Thit is, " I hardly know,
^ myielf^ what to think ; and yet I cannot hdp fufpedbg
** Caffio."

^ —doth makt the mtat it fieds on.] That is, ** Jealotify
''. creates to itfelf, out of nothing, grounds of fafpicioo.''

^ He knowi all qualities, &c.] That is, " He knows die
^ charaders of men and women, and is learned in homan
•• natore.'*

S

?^a LESSONS.

Th r ba^. . Tho' that her charms were bodied with my beari^

I'd rend it into twaitiy to /^r^te; hcr^Voiyi mr.

LXVIL

Complaint. Intreating.

The Ipccch of Adherbal, (on of Micipfa, king of
Numidia, complaining to the Roman fenate,
. and imploring afliftance againft the violence
of Jiigurtha, adopted, and left co-heir of the
kingdom> by Micipfa, with himfelf and Hi-
empfalji which laft Jugurtha had procured to
be murdered. \SaI. Bell. Jugurthin.}

FATHERS,

E:: PLAIN- T T is known to ybu, that king JkCfri^J, my father^
^^^' A on his death^bed^ left in charge to Jugurtha^

his adopted Jorij conjunftly with my unfortunate

brother Heimpfal^ and r^yfelf^ the children of his

oia)}! bodyy the admihiftratkn t^f the kingdom of

Sl-imi^/' Nximidiaj direfting us to confider tht /enate^

and people of Rome, as proprietors of it. He
charged us to ufe our beji endeavours to be fer-
viceablc to the Roman commonwealth, in peace ,
and war ; ajfuring us, that your proteftion would .
prove, to us, a defence agai nit all enemies^ and
would be inftead of armies^ fortifications^ and *
treafures.

While;

LESS ON S. «6|

While my brother and I were thinldiig of w-* Griif.
tbi^, but how to regulate ourfclves accordiogto .r:rr.i

the direHions of our deceqfed father ^ — J^^rtba^- [,-,

— the moft infamous o{ mankind ! ^'-^ breaking,

through all ties of gratitude^ and of emnum buma^ Comf l.

nity, and trampling on the authority of the Roman*

commonweaUbj procured x\^ murder of nrty^iuifor*^

tunace brother^ and has driven me from my throne^ ^

and native country^ though he knows I inf>erit^

from my grandfather Majfiniffa^ and my father

Mkifjay x^friendjhip anduilliance of the Romans. . :

For B, prince to be reduced^ by villasjfyy to mf Grief.
difirefsful circumftances, \% cahiinity enou^yhMt ^
my misfortunes are htightjened by the coafider^.
ripnj That I find myfelf obliged to j^/iW# your .x.^%*^:i
aflame y Fathers, for xht fervices dotie you by' .>!:•/..!

my anci^ors ; not for any I have been. able, to
render you in my own per/on. Jugurtha has put' Comfl.
it out of my power to deferve any thing at your
hands, and has forced me to be .burthenfome^
before I could be ufefui^ to you, • And yet, if I^
had no plea, but my undejerved mijery^ who, from .;

^powerful prince^ the descendant of a x2X.t oiilluj"
trious monarcbsy find myfelf, without any fault of
my own^ d^JiUute of every Jupporty and reduced to
tjie necejjity of beggbig foreign ajfiftance againft
an enefnyy who has feized my throne and kingdom ;
if my unequalled di/lrejfes were all I had to pleady Submis,
it would become the i^rtftf/;?^ of the Roman rtf»i- Intr.
tnonwealthy the arbitrejs of the worldy to protest

S3 the

i

263

ExciT.
to

VllTDIC.

Lauiv.

HomRO&.
Lamiii*

Glim.

IIopi.

JiORROl.

LESSONS.

the mjureily mpd to check the triUmpb of daring
wUkidnifs over belplefs innocence. But to provoke
j6m vengeance to tne utmoftj Jugurtha ha$ driven
me 6t>in the vtrf doofinioni, which the fenate and
people €^ Rome gave to n^ anceftors^ and from
whence mj frimdfasher^ and my faiher^ umkr
yoar amhrage^ expelled Sypbax^ abd the Cartba^
g^mans. Thus, FatherSj your kindnefs to our
fiimily is defeaied^ and Jvigurtha, in injuring me^
throws contempt cxxyon.

Q wretched prince! O cruel reverfe of fortune I
O father MUipfa! Is this the confequence of your
giuer^fi^^ that i^| whomjFOirr j^Wii^ raiied to
an equality with your ^vew fhildrfu^ fhofM be the
murderer of your children ! Mnft then^ the rpyal
houfe of Numi^ia always \k 2l fcene of bavock
and blood? While Carthage rem^edj we fV|f-
feredj as was to be expeSed^ all forts of bardjbips
from their boftile attacks i our enen^ near i oi|r
only powerful ally^ the Roman commonwealth, at a
diftance ; while we were/0 circumftanced^ we were
always in ^rmj^ and in tf^iVir. When that/rMrr;^
pf Africa was e^^ iw^r^, we congratulated our/ehes
on the profpe£l oi ejlablijhed peace. But inftead of
/>^tf r^, behold the kingdom of Numidia drenched
with rcyal blocd, and the ^ir/jr furviving^Sw of its
late kingfiying from an adopted murderer, and feck-
ing tbatjafety in foreign parts, ^hich he cannot
co.r.mand in his own kingdcm.

Whitbfr

LESSONS. 363

fFhitber-^O whither fliall Ifly? If I retti^rn Akqv.
to the royal palace of my ancejfors, my father's Dism.
ibrme is feizid by the murderer of my brother.
What can I /i&^r^ expeS^ but that Jugurtha fhould Driaik
haftcn to imbrue in my bloody thofe hands which
are now reeking with my brother* s? If I were Horroi.
to fly for refuge, or for ^fliftancej to any other Distr.
£ourt, from what prince can I hope (or prcteffion,
if the Roman commonwealth gives mc up f From
my ^w« family or friends, I have 110 expeilations. Gribp»
My ray ^\ father is no more. He is beyond the
reach of violence, and out of bearing of the r^w*
plaints of his unhappy Jon. Were my brother
alive J our mutual Sympathy would be ^^^ tfZfe-
nfiation. But i&tf is hurried out of /i/J? in his early ,
jouthi by the v^ry A^w^, which fhould have beea
the lajl to /^'//r^ any of the royal family of ^«-
ihidia. The bloody Jugurtha has butchered all, Horkimu
whom be JuJpeSed to be in my intereji. Some
have been deftroyed by the lingering torment of
the crofs ; others have been given a prey to wild
beafts, and their anguifh made the Jport of men
more cruel than w/W ^fi?^/. If there be any yet
alive, they are fhut up in dungeons, there to ^r^^
oi/ a /(/if more intolerable than ^<^/i!r.

Look ^^^;/, illuftrious Jenators of Rome, from Sub m.
thsLt height o( power, to which you ar€ r^j/ir//, on Intr.
the unexampled diftrejfes of a prince, who is, by the
cruelty of a wicked intruder, become an outcafi Suau.
from all mankind. Let not the crafty injinuations Caut.

S 4 of

2^4 LESSONS.

ft

HoRi^9^,... of iim^ who returns murder for adopticn, pre^

: . . juJice your judgment. Do not liften to the wretch

who has butchered dic/on and • relations of a i^iflrj'j

"wfio g^yc him power to fit on the fame throne

Ac CVS. with his own Jons. ^ I h^ve been informed diaC

. he labours by \\\s emijfariesy to prevent your ^/^r

mining any thing againd hint in his a^ence^ pre«>

tending that I magnify my difirejsy and nught,

for >&/>») have ftaid^ in^^r^ in my own kingdom m

Coupt^ . But, if ^^ the time comes^ when the due ven^

geance, from ^^t^^, ihall overtake him> he wiU
then dijfemble in the very /^m^ manner ^ I do^
Then he, who »^«;, hardened in wickednefs^ /ri-
HM/fi&i over thofe whom his violence has laid /msIi
will, in his turn^ feel diftrejs^ and Juffer for his
\mpious ingratitude to my father^ and his blp^dm
thirfiy cruelty to my brothi^.

l^AifBN. O murderedy butchered brother \ dearefi tQ

my heart --now gone for ever from my fight. —
Put ^;&}^ (hopid I lament his iiftf/i(^ .^ He is inc[ee4
deprived of the ^/^// /if it/ o( heaven, of /(/5?, and
kinguomy at ^//^^, by the i;^ry perfony who Qught to
have been the jfirjl to hazard his ^w^ /j^ in defence
qf ^J^y' ^;/<? ^i Micipf a s family .' but, ^s things tfr<,i
my brother is not fo much deprived of thefe com^
for(Sy as delivered from terror^ from flighty from
<;if/7^, and the endlefs train oimiferieSy which render

Horror. life to w^ a burden. He lies full /^te;, ^^r^rf with

wounds, and fejiering in his own ^/^^i/. But he

An-gv: lies in peace. H^ feels nonf of the miferies whici)

rend

JL E S S O N a 265

rend my foul with agcny and dijira^m ; whilft I
am fet up KjpeSacle^ to all mankind, of the un*
certainty of human affairs. So far from having
it in my ftmer to revenge his death, I am not
mafter of the means of/ecuring my own life. So
far from being in a condition to defend my i^/;i^-
dom from the violence of the usurper ^ I am obliged
tp apply iot foreign proteflion for my owtferjfnh

Fathers! Senators oi Rome, the arbiters, oi the Vbbbu.
te;0r/^ / To ;^a« I ^ for r^^^ from the murderous Solicit.
fury of Jugurtba. By your affeHion for your cW/-
i/rM> by your /w^ for your country, by your own
virtues, by the majffty of the Roman common^-
wealth, by all that is f acred, and all that is i&^r
to you ; deliver a wretched prince {rom undeferved,
unprovoked injury ; znd fave the kingdom of iVir«
pridia, which is your ^wn property, from being
the ^rcy of violence^ ufurpation^ and cruelty^

LXVia

?66

X. E S S O N S.

AroL.

$UB1V.

Pity.

^ PitV.

Apol.

Pitt.

LXVUL .
Accusation. Pity,

Pleadings of Lyfias the orator in fardur of ccreain
orphans d^rstuded by an unck> executor to the
will 0f their fathei^. \pim. HalUarnJ]

VENERABLE JUDGES ! ^

IF the catife, which now comes under your cog-
niiancey were not of extraordinary impgffMcCf
I (hould never have given iftjr cMjenty that it
ihoald be litigaied before you. . For it feems to
mcjhamefulj that near nlatkns ihpuld cooDmence
prpfecuticns agaxnft one another } and I know,
that^ in fuch trials, noti^nly the aggreffcrs^ but
even thofe^ who rejent injuries too impaiiently^
mult appear to you ip ^ dijadvantageeus iigh^
But the plaintiffs^ who have beipn defrtMded oS a
very large fum of money, and cruelly injured by
one, who ought to have been the laji to buri
them ; have applied to me, as a relation^ to pleaJ
their cati/e, and procure them redre/i. And I
thought, I could not decently excufe myfelf from
undertaking the patronage of perfbns in fuch
diftrejsful circumftances, with whom I had fuch
plofe (onneSlions. For the Jifter of the plaintiffs,
the niece of Diogiton ;he defendant, is my wife.

When

LESSONS^ 267

WJien the p}aiQti0^ intrmted mfy as Aey did Apol.
If ten J to undertake the management of the Jwit, I
adrifcd them to refer the difftrenee^ between them
and their uncle the defendant^ to private orH-- Ayg%u
treaion i thinking it the inter eft of both parties to
eonceal^ as much as pofllble from the knowl^ge
of the public y that there was any difpute between
them. But as Diogiton knew that it was eajy Accci.
to prove him guilty oi detaining xht property of the
plaintiffs his nephews^ \itforeJa!W^ that it wouldj
by no means^ anfwer his purpofe^ to Jubmit his
faufe to the decifion of afUtrators. He has^
therefore, determined to proceed to the utmoft
fxtremity of injuftice^ at the hazard of the confe--
auences of a projecution.

I moft humbly iiii^/(?r^ yoUj venerable judges^ Sobu.
to grant the plaintifis r^ir^j Mlfbewyo}^ as I !»»•
hope I Ihall in the mo^^JatisfaSory mannery that
the defendant, though fo nearly related to the Pitt.
unhappy orphans ^ the plaintiffs^ has treated them Blamb.
in fucb a manner, as would be Jbamtful among
^bfolute fir angers.

I beg leave to lay before yoUj venerable Svbm.
judges, the fubjeH of the prefect projecution, as
follows.

Diodotus and Diogiton were brothers, the chil- Nabba.
dren of the fame father and the fame mother.
Upon their father's dcccafe, they divided be-
tween them bis moveables i but Jiis real ejftate

thiry

•i

^ they cqioyed conjunBly. ^ Dkxiotus growing Ttchj
Diogicon offered him his only daughter m mar-
riage *. By her Diodotus had two Jons and a
daughter. Diodotus ha{)peniog afcerwards ta^be
enrolled, in his tyrn^ to go to the war :under
i'brajyllus, he called together his wi/c, his ira^
tber's daughter, . and his wi/e*j brother, and his
own brother, yi\iO ;was li^iewife his fatber-in^Iau^^
W^ both uncle and grandfather to his children.
He thought^, he could not trull the care of liis
chiliken in profiler hands, than thofe of his
brother. He .leaycs^iii..his cuftody, his wi/I^
with ^ve talents'" di ftlver. He gives him zxk
account d£ /even talents, ^Xi^ forty Mina bcfidcSj
whrcK were but at intereji, and a thoufand min^^
which were due to him by a perfon^ in the Cbcr^'
Jonefusi^ He had ordered in his will, that, ia
qafc of "his death, one talent, and the houfehold
. , furniture, (hould be his wife%. He bequeatbed»
. farther, to his daughter,- one talent, and twenty
. mina, and thirty .Cyzicenian ftateres, and the
refi of his ^^/^ equally between his/<?;fj. Settling

CoNc. his ^7^/>^ /it/^Ji and leaving a r^/y of his will,

he Jets out along with the army* He <//>i at

Accus. Ephefus. Diogiton conceals from his daughter the

death of her hujband. He gets into his hands
. . '. the

^ Among the 'ancients, marriage was allowed between
pcrfons very noarlv related; • >

'. \ ^e, for the value of talents^ minae, drachmasj and ilmcrcs,
Groiicv* De Pecun. Vet.

LESSON S; 269

the- mil of his deccafcd brother^ hj' pretending^
that it was ncceflaiy for him to fiew it as a
voucher ^ in order to his tranJaSing Ibmc affairs
for his brother^ during his abjence. At length,
when he thought the deceaje of his brother could
not much longer be concealed, he formally declares
it. The family goes into mourning. They ftay Pity- '
one year at Pirseeum, where their moveables were.
In this time the froduceoi all that could be Nar»a-
yold of the effeSls, being Jpenty he fends the ^*®*'**
children to town^ and gives his daughter, the
^dov? of his brother Diodotus to zfecond hujband,
and with \itrfive thoujand drachm^ of which the
bujband returns him one thou/and as a frefent.
When the eldeft fon came to man*s eftate, about
^ght years after the departure of Diodotus, Dio-
giton calls the children, together y tells them, that
riicir father had left them twenty mina o( Jtlver, Ace us.
and thirty ftateres. " I have Uid out, (fays he)- Pret.
•» of my ^w;f money ^ for your maintenance and Cokc.
*' education, a conjiderablejum. Nor did I grudge'
** it, while I was inflourijhing circumftances, and *
** could tf^ri/ it. But, by unforejeen and irre-^
^^mediable misfortunes, I am reduced to an inca^*
^^ pacity of continuing my kindnejs to you. There- "
*i'fore 2LSyou*' (fpcaking to the eldeft fon) " aie ' Advis.
*•; now of an age to Jbi/t for yoiirjelf, I would
** advife you to refolve upon Ibme employment, '
*^ by which you may gain ^ijubjiftence.^'

The

276 L £ S S 6 Nt S.

8aocK. ^}itfc9rfaiber^fs dfildren were tbtmderfiruci '

DiiT&. upon hearing this barbarous Jpeecb. Thcf fiei

in tearSi to their member, and^ with ber^ came to
rcqucR, my proteilfoH, Finding thennfelves ,^i^^i/
of the ejiafe left them by their fatber^ and reduced
by their bard^-btarted unek 2inA grandfather^ to
Iicrt. abfolute beggary^ they inireated^ that I would not

defer t them/^; but^.for the fake of their >^/r|

my wife^ would undertake their difenee. The

mother begged, that I would bring about a meet'-

ing of the relations, to rea/gn, the matter with her

fatber ; and faid^ that though (be had never before

Jpoke in any /^r^^ company, efpecially of mrn^ flie

would endeavour to lay before them the difir§ffki

and injuries of htv family.

Accus. Djogiton, beings with Sffi^ulty, brought co the

RiMON. meetings the mother of the plaintiffs a(ked him^

how he could have the beart to ufe her fons ia
fuch a manner. " Are you not, Sir," (fays fkc)
"the uncle and the grandfatber of the twofaiberiffs
" youtbs? Are they not the cbildren of your owi^
«• ^r^/i&^, and of your own ^tfifjit/^? How could
they be more nearly related to you^ unleft thef
were your o^n Jons? And, though you d^piffi
all buman autbority, you ought to revermci the
gods, who are witnejfes of the truft repo&d lA
you by the deceafed fatber of the unhappf

«

cc
cc
cc
cc

*' youtbs.

Narr. She then enumerated the feveral yk»r, the ^«

Accus. perty of the deceafed, which had been received by

L^

€€

CC
CC
CC
CC

LESSONS. 17

Diogitox, and charged him with them, producing
authentic evidence for every particular^ " You Rjuok*
** hsLVC driven" (fays Ihe) " out of their own
botf/e, the children of your own daughter, in
^^j^-^j unfurni0ied with the common decencies of
" Zf/^r. You have deprived them of the eJeSSp
" and of the mmcy left- them by their father.
But you want to enrich the children you have
had by myftep-mother % which, without 'doubt,
you might lawfully and properly do, if it were
not at the exfence, and to the utter ruin of thofe. Set.
'* ^hok fortunes vfcrcdepqfited in your hands, zsid Chaxq^
** whom, from affluence, you want to reduce tQ
«^ heggary j impioufly defpifing the authority of the
** j;^^, injuring your own daughter, and violafing
*' the f acred will of the ^/if<7^."

The diftreflcd mother having vented her grief NaVh^
in fuch bitter complaints as thefe, we were ifl, by Pitt.
fyoipathy, fo touched with her affliSions, and the
crudty of her injurious /tf/i>^r, that when we con-
iidered, in our own minds, the hard ufage, which
the young innocents had met with, when we re-
m^bered the deceafed Diodotus, and thought how Blame.
UBWorthy ^ guardian he h^ cho(en for his children,
thcfc; was not one of us who could refrain from Pitt.
iiofs. And I perfuade myfelf, venerable judges,
itisityou will not be unaffecled with fo calamitous a
cafe, when you come to confider, attentively, the
various aggravations of the defendant's proceedings.
Such unfaithfulnefs, in fyfolemn a /nij^, were it ta Accvf.

pafs

3

i

27* L E S S O K S.*

pafs unfunified^ and, confequendy^ to bccdtne
common^ would deftroy all confidence among man--
kind J fo that nobody would know btm, or to
wbomj he could commit the management of his
affairs^ in his abfence^ or afcer his death. The
defendantj at Hrft, would have denied his having
had at^ effeHs of his brother*^ left in hfs ifr^^^rir.
And when he found, he could not get off thai wayl
he then produced an account o(/ums^ laid out,' ' as
he pretendedj by him for the children, to fuch a
^/7/cf/, as is beyond all belief; no lels^ than /even
Wonder. talents ofjiher, zxid/even tboujand Arachma. All

this, he faid, had been expended in eight years, in
the clothing and maintenance of two boys, and ^ girl.
And when he was preifed to fhew how their ez-
pences could amount to fuch z/um, he had the
impudence to charge/t^^ ^^o/f a day for their tahlci
and (or Jhoes, and i/y/^^ their cloaths % and for the
barber, he gave in no particular account, neither
by the month, nor by the year -, but charged in one
grq/sjkm, a /« /^»/ ofjilver. For their father's iTimir-
ment, he pretends to have been at the expeuceoffive
thoujand drachma , of which he charges one half to
the account of the children. But it is manifeft,
that it could not co^ twenty mina. His injuftice
to the children appears Jitficiently in the following

• *

^ In thofe fimpkr age5j th? clotii» or fiulF, of whkJv
the doaths of perfiuis even of high rank, were made, was
commonly maaufadared> from the wool to the dying, at
home.

LESSONS. 273

article alone^ if there were no other proof of it.
He had occafion to buy a lamb for the feaft of
Bacchus, which cott, as he pretends, ten drachma ;
and of thefe he charges eight to the account of his
wards.

Had the defendant been a man of 2uiy principle, Accus.
ht would have bethought himfelf of laying out to
advantage t\\t fortune left in his hands by the de-
ccafed, for the benefit of the fatherlefs children.
Had he bought with it lands or houfes, the chil-
<lren might have been maintained out of the yearly
Tents, and the principal have been kept entire. But
lie does not feem to have once thought of improving
their fortune j but, on the contrary, to have con-
trived only how toftrip them.

But the moft atrocious (for a fingle aflion) of Narra.
all his proceedings, is what follows. When he
was made commander of the gallies, along with
AUxis, the fon of Ariflodicus, and, according to
his own account, had been, on occafion of fitting
out xht fleet, and himfelf, at xhtjxpence of forty--
eight minie^ out of his own private purfe, — he
charges his infant^wards, with half this fum. Accus.
Whereas the ftate not only exempts minors from Woh».
public ojffices, but even grants them immunity,
for one year, at leaft, after they come of age.
And when he had fitted out, for a voyage to the
Adriatic, a fhip of burden to the value of two
talents, he told his daughter, the mother of his
wards, that the adventure was at the rifque, and

T for

274-

LESSONS.

for the benefit of his wards. But, when the rr*
turns were made, and he had doubled the fum by

the profits of the voyage^ the gains were, he

faid, all his own. — Tht fortune of his wards was
Accus. to anfwcr for the damages;— but was not to be

at all the better for the advantages ! If, in this,
manner, one is to trade at the peril and Ic/s oE"
others, and engrofs to bimfelf the whole profits 5
it is not difficult to conceive how his partners may
come to be undone^ while hfe enriches bimfelf.
Avers. To lay before you all the particulars, which

have come to our knowledge, of this complicated

fcene of wickednefs, would but difgufl and fbock

Affir. you. We have witnejfes here to prove what wc

Pity have alledged againft this cruel invader of the pro-

Blame. perty of helple/s innocents, his cwn near relaHons^

entriifled to his charge by his deceafed brother.

»
[The witneflcs examined.]

SuBM. You have heard, venerable judges, the evidence

Appir. given ^^^Vu^ t\\t defendant. lie himjelf ^tc?»j the

aftual receipt o(feven talents and forty min^ of the

Accra. eftate of the plaintiffs. To fay nothing of what

he may have, or rather certainly has, gained by

CiANT. the uje of this money ; I will allQw, what every

reafonable perfon will judge m::re vhzn ftiffcient-
for the maintenance of three children, with a gover*
nor and a ;?;/7/i/j a thouj and drachma zyear, which
is ibmething /g/} than three drachma a ///?y. In
3 ^'i*/

LESSONS. 275

^/^i/ years, this amounts to eight tbouf and drach- Affir.
ma. So that, upon balancing the account, there
remain due to the plaintiffsy of the fcvcn talents
and forty minae, Jix talents and twenty min^e. For
the defendant cannot fretendy that the eft ate of the
plaintiffs has fuffercd by fire, by watery or by any

^tber injury y thzn vfh^t him/elf has done it

£The reft is wanting.]

LXIX.

Consultation.

The fpeech of Satan, in his infernal palace of
Piandaemonium, in which he propofes to the
con fideration of his' angels, in what manner it
would be proper to proceed, in confequence of
their defeat, and falJ. [Milt. Parad. Lost.
B. II.]

T>OfVRS and Dominio?ts ! Deities o{ Heav'n ! Maj.

For (fince no deep within her gulph can bold j^^
Celeftial vigour y though opprejl and fall' n J
I give not beav'n for loft. From this de/cent Cour.

Celeftial virtues riftng will appear
More glorious and more dready than from nofall^
And truft tbemjelves to fear wojeccnd fate.
Me though juft rigbty and the fix'd lawspiHeav^ny Autho.
f)\dfirft create your leader y next (tec cboicey

T 2 With

276 LESSONS.

With what befides^ in amncilj or m fight.
Hath been atcbiev^d of merit ; yet this lofs
Thus far, at lead, recGver^d, hath much tiure
Eftablijh*d in ^Jafey un^envied tbr$nej
Yielded with/uU con/ent. The happier fiatt
In Heav^fiy which follows dignity y might draw

Apprehens. jEirvy from each inferior i but wA« here

Will envy whom the higheft place expo/es
Foremoft to ^^ /r^ againft the ThundWer's aim

Com PL. Your bulwark, and condemns to greaieft Jbare

Cqvk. Of endlefs pain. With this advantage then

To JVMi^ir, and firm /^//i&j and firm accord.
More than can be in Heaven, wc now r^/irm
To claim ourjuft inheritance o£ old^
Surer to pro/per, than profperity

Con FID. Could have ajfur'd us^ and hj what i^ ft^4^>

Whether of open war, or covert guile,
Wc now ^(f^tf/^. Who can advife, vMy/peak.

LX

L E S S O N S.

277

LXX.

Fierceness. Desperation.

The fpeech of the fallen angel Moloch, exciting
the infernal crew to renew the war againft the
. Meffiah^ [Ibid.]

JLJT^ fentence is for open war, * Of wiles

More inexpert^ I boaft not. Then let thoje ^^^ " •
Contrive, who need; unworthy o( our might .
For while they fit contriving, fhall the reji,
Millions, now under arms, who longing wait Cour.

The Jlgnal to ajcend, fit lingering here
Hczv^n-s fugitives, and for their dwelling-place Cokt.
Accept this dark opprobrious den oijhame, Rac«.

The prifon of his tyranny, who reigns
By our delay ! — ^ No—\tt us rather choofe.
Arm' d With helUflames 2sAfury, all at once Fierce.

O'er Heav'n's high tow'rs to force reftjllejs way, Covr,
Turning our tortures into horrid arms

T 3 Againft

' The author reprcfents ^a^'s hoftUity as dircfted againft
rhe Supreme Being. But this fecms (with all deference) to be
incredible. For no created being can, without loiing all ufe
3f reafon, imagine itfelf a match for Omnipotence.

'i " No, lat us," &c. to, " But perhaps,'* can hardly be over-
i^d, if the dignity of the fpeaker be kept up in prououncing
he paflage. At the words, " But perhaps," &c. the angel
ompofes himfclf again,

4

J

.A*

278 LESSONS.

Againft our torturer • When to meet the noije
Of his terrific engincy he'fhall hear
Infernal thunder, and for lightning fee
Black fir e^ and horror ^ fhot with equal ragi^
Amongft his angels \ and his throne it/elf
Mix'd with Tartarean fulfhur and ftrangefire^

Recol. His own invented torments.- - But perhaps

The way fecms difficulty Q,ndjleefy XoJcaU
With adver/e wing againft a higher foe. —
I_iet fuch bethink them, if the fleepy drench
Of that forgetful lake benumb not fUll^
That, in our proper motion , we afcend
Up to our native feat. Defcent ^nd fall
To us is adverfe. Who hut felt of late
When our fierce foe hung on our broken rear,
Infulting^ and purju'd us through the deep ;

Slow. With what compulfiony and laborious flight

* AcR. We///;/it,thus low ? — * Th' afcent is eafy thciit—

Th' event isfear'd. - Should we again provoke
Our enemy y fome worfe way he may find
To our defhuSion i if there be in hell
Fear to be worfe deftfofd. — What can be worfe .
Than to dwell here, driv'n out from bli/s^ con^
demn^d

Co MP, In this abhorred deep to utter woe^

Where pain of unextingui/bable fire
Muft exercife us without hope of end^
The vajfals of his anger y when thejcourge
Inexorable^ and the torturing hour

Calif

LESSONS. 279

Calls us to penance? — More deftroy'd than thus
We mnft be quite aboliJh*dy and expire.

What/^^r we then ? — What doubt we to incenje Fierci.
His utmoft ire ; which, to the height cnragd.
Will either quite conjume us, and reduce
To nothing this ejfentiali happier far
Than mijerable to have eternal being. Compl.

Or if QMv/ubfiance be indeed divine, Cour.

And cannot ceaje to be, we are, at worft.
On this fide nothing. And by />r^^ vitfeel
Our pow^rfujfficient to difturb his Heav'n, Malic**

And with perpetual inroads to alarm.
Though inacceJUible, \i\s fatal throne ;
Which, if not victory, is yet revenge'. Fury.

' The voice, inflead of falling toward the end of thb fine,
as ufual, is to rife ; and in fpeaking the word revenge^ the
fercene/s of the luhoU ,/peccb ought, as it were to be cxprcffed
ID mu nuord*

T 4 LXXI.

28o LESSONS.

LXXI.

4

Consideration. Dissuasion. Diffidence.

The Ipcech of the fallen angel Belial, in anfwcr

to the foregoing. [Ibid.]

Del IB. 7 Should be much for cpen war, O peers!

As noi behind in batt ; if what was urg^d
Main reafon to perfuade immediate war,

ArpREHENs. Did not dijfuade me mofi, and feem to caft

Ominous conje£fure on die whole fuccejs -,
When he, who moji excels in feats of arms,'
In What he counfels^ and in what excels
Mijlrujifuh, grounds his courage on dejpair^
And Utter dijfolution, as the /cope
Of all his aim, after fome dire revenge.

Arc. Hut what revenge?— The tow'rs of Heaven arc

fiird

Apprehens, With armed watch, that render all accefs

Impregnable. Oft on the bordering deep '
Encamp their legions i. or with^/^i&/ objcure.
Scout far and wide into the realms o( night.
Scorning furprize Or could we break our way
By force, and at our heels all hell {hould rije
With blackeji infurreSlion, to confcund

Awe. Heav'n's pureji li^ht-, yet our great fnemy

• ' •• ^ ' AU

. *■ »

LESSONS. ?8i:

All mcprruptible would on his throne

Sit unpollutedy and th' ethereal mold^

Incapable ofjlain^ v/oyld/oon expel

Hcf mi/chief, stnd purge off' the HJerfire

ViEtorious* Thus repuls'd^ our jSn^l hope Horror,

Is^at dejpair^ We muft exajperate

Our conqueror to let looje his boundlefs rage.

And tkat muft ^nd us ; /i&tf/ muft be our cure^

To ^^ no more. ^ Sad cure { — For who would lo/e,

Tho' /«// ofpain^ this intelle^ual beings

The^ thoughts that Wtf»^^ through eternity ^ —

To /^^ «/^^^ # for ever bfi

in the wide tc^o^^ of uncreated nighty

Devoid ^ijenje and motion ? — But will be,^ Arc.

So wj/Jr, let loofe at ^»ftf his utmoft ire.

Belike through impotence, or unawares.

To give his enemies their ze;/y^j and ^^

Them in his anger, whom his anger Javes

T,o punijb ehdl^s? — 'f Wherefqr? ceaje\z then/' Cour.

Say they, who counfel war\ " yft 2cce decreed, Angu.

*^ Bjeferifd and dejiin*d tq eternal woe.

*! Whatever doing, what can ^t/uffermore ?

*^ fFbat csu^ vfe/ufferwor/e^" Is this then wor^, Dhsp.

Th,u% fitting, thus con/ulting, thusin arms ? •Arc.

^i^tf/, whpn wc/f^ tffWtf/;?, purju'd zxAJlruck Terror,

By Heav'n\ afflifting thunder, and beJoUght

The ^^^jD to Jhelter us j /ifr/j /^/^^^ /i?^// fccm'd

A r^/«f tf from thofe wounds : or when we /^

Chained on the burning lake i ^hat fure was w^f)^.

What if the breath, that kindled thefe gri-m fires, Apprihen%

282 LESSON S.

AwaVdy fliould blow them xniojevenfold rage.
And plunge us in i\\t flames ? Or from above
Should intermitted vengeance arm again

Horror. His red right band to plague us ? What, if j//

Jitr flares y/crc cpen'd', znd this flrmameni
Oi hell ihoyjXdifpout her cataraSs oifire.
Impendent horrors , threatening hideous fall
One day upon our heads, while we, perhaps^
Deflgning or exhorting glorious war.
Caught in ^flery tempefl (hall be burVd,
Each on his rock transfixed, the /port and prey
, Of wrecking whirlwinds, or for tvcr/unk

Under yon boiling ocean wrapt in chains,

Avcv. There to converfe with ever lofting groans,

Unrejpited, unpitied, unrelieved,

Appr. jiges of bopelejs end ?— This would be wofft.-^^

DissuAs. If^ar, therefore, open or conceaFd, alike

My voice dt/fuades. —

^EMON. " Shall we then live thus vile! The race of

" Thus trampled, thus expeWd, tofuffer here
DxssuAs. " Chains and thefe torments T — Better //^5/Jr than

wcrfe.
Arc. By ;77y advice. Tofufer, as to ^<7,

Ouv flrength is equal-, nor the /^itt? unjufl,
That/(? ordains. This was 2Xfirfl reJoWd,
If we were te^j/^, againft fo ^r^^/ a/?^
Contending^ and fo doubtful what might yi//.
CcKT. 1 /tf«^i, when thofe, who at xhtfpear are ^(7A/,

And vcnt'rcifSj i^ that fail them, Jhrink and fear

H^bai

LESSONS. 283

What yet they know mufi follow ; to endure

Exilcy or ignominy y or tonds, or pain.

The fentence of their conqueror. This is now

Our doom ; which if with courage we can 3^i7r, En cov.

Our foe /upremey in //«i^, may much remit

His ^^^^, and, perhaps, thus far removed

Not mind us, not offending, fatisffd

With what \%punijh'd\ whence thefe raging fires

yfiWJlackeny if his breath Jiir not xhtxT flames.

Our purer ejfence then will overcome

Their noxious vapoury or enur*dy not /^^/,

Or chang'dy at length, and to the place conformed

In temper, and in nature, will receive.

Familiar, xht fierce heat, and 'y^rV o(pain»

This horror will grow «i/7^, this darknejs li^bt,

Befides what i&d|/)^ the never-ending flow

Of future days may ^r/»f ; what chance, what change^

Worth waiting. Since our prefent lot appears.

For happy, difmal ; yet, for i//, not w^r;^,

Jf ^t procure not to ourjelves more woe.

Lxxa

J

?H

LESSONS,

LXXII.

Submission. Complaint. Intreating,

The fpecch of Seneca the philofopher to Nero,
complaining of the envy of his enemies, ancj
requefting the emperor to reduce him back to
his former narrow circumftances, that he might
no longer be an obje6fc of their malignity.
[The fubftance is taken fronri Cam. Tacif^
^NNAL. xiv.]

5vBMi|, TV^"^^ ^^ pleafe the imperial Mnjejiy of Cafar

XVJL favourably to accept the humble JubmiJ^
fions and grateful acknowledgments of the vi^eak^
ihou^ faithful guide of \\\s youth \

Gr AT. It is now a great many years fince I firft had the

honour of attending your imperial Majefty as
preceptor. And your bounty has retjoarded my la-
bours with fuch affluence^ as has drawn upon me^

Com PL. what I had reafon to expeSly the envy pf many of

thofc

• Seneca was one of Nero's preceptors ; and the emperor
fecmcd, during the firft part of his reign, to have profited
much by his inftruftioni. The egregious follies, and enor-
mous, unprovoked cruelties he afterward? committed, of
which his ordering Seneca to put himfelf to death, is among
the moft flagrant, feem hardly c,thcjwife accountable, diau
by fMppoiing that he loll the ufe of his reafon.

LESSONS. 285

thofc pcrfons, who are always ready to prefcrihe
ro thtir prince y where to beftow.y2ind where to with^
hold \\\s favours. It is well known, that your //- Apol.
luftrious anceftoTy j^ugujius, bellowed on his deferv-^
trig favouriteSy Agrippa, and Maecenas, honours
and emoluments fuitable to the dignity of the bene^
faSloTy and to thc/ervices of the receivers : Nor
has his conduct been blamed. My employment about
your iniperial Majefty has, indeed, been purely
dcmejiic : I have neither headed your armies, nor
aj/ijledat your councils. Butyou know. Sir, (though
there are fomCy who do not feem to attend to it)
that a prince may be ferved in different ways, fome
more^ others lefs confpicuouSy and that the latter
may be, to him, as valuable as xht former.

But whaty' fay my enemies, " fhall ^.private Pridi.
per/ony oi equefirian rank, and a provincial by Rbmok.
birth y be advanced 10 an equality with the patri^
cians? Shall an upflartyoi no name, nor family^
rank with thojcy who can, by thejlatues, which
make the ornament of their palaces, reckon
backward a line of anceflorsy long enough to
//>^ c?z^/ xhtfafli * ? Shall a philofopber who has
writ, for other 5 y precepts o^ moderation y and f^»-
/^/»/>/ of all that is extemaly himjelf live in afflu^
£nce and luxury ? Shall he purchafe ejlates, and

« lay

* The Fafti, or Calendars^ or, if you pleafe^ Almanacs, of
the ancients, had, as our Almanacs, tables of kings, confuls^
5{c.

<C
.CC

cc

€€
<(
€<

286 LESSONS.

€€

lay out money at intereji ? Shall he build ^a-

lacesy plant gardens, and adorn a country ^ at his

^^ ^tt;» expence, and for his own pleajure ?"

Gr at: C^/ir has given royally^ as became imperial mag-^

Apol. ' . njficence. Seneca has received what his prince he^

jiowed : nor did he w^r ^j/^ : he is only guilty of

— not refujing. Cafar's rank places him above

CoMPL. the reach of invidious malignity. Seneca is not.

Fatigue. ^^^ ^^^ ^^y ^^S^ enough to dejpije the envious. As

the overloaded Joldier, or traveller, would be |;/ai

to be relieved of his burden, fo I, in this laftjlageoi

thejourney of ///^, now that I find tnyfcK unequal

« . to the lighteft cares, beg, that Cjefar would )txW/|r

Ik TIL, ^^^ me of the trouble of my unwieldy wealth. I

be/eech him to r^^^r^ to the imperial treafury, from

whence it came, what is to me Juperfluous and

cumbrous. The //»?^ and the attention, which I

am now obliged to beftow upon my villa, and

my gardens, I Ihall be glad to apply to the regu--

lation of my mind. Cajar is in th^ flower of life.

Grat. r^^^<? may he be equal to the toils of government.

Imtr, His goodnefs will grant to bis worn-out ttrvznt,

Apol. , .leave to r^/;r^. It will not be derogatory from

C^/ar's greatnejs, to have it faid, that he beftowei
favours on Jome, who, fo far from being intoxi"
cated with them, fhewed — that they could be
happy, when (at their own requeft) divefted oi
them.

N

LXXIII.

LESSONS. 287

LXXIII.
Jealousy.

•

lago goes on to inflame Othello's jealoufy (fee
page 256.) againfthis innocent wife. Othello
is by him worked up to rage. [Sbakefp. .
Othel.]

lago. [Alone.] T Will in CaJJio' 5 lodging iroi^ this Plottiwc.

-*- handkerchiefy
That he mz^j find it ; then perjuade the Moor^

His wife did give it. trifles light as air^

Are to the Jealcus confirmations firong^

As prcofs from holy writ. This will work mi/chief. Malicious

Dangerous conceits are in their nztuTC foi/ons. J^^-

Which at the firfi zre/carce found to diftafte ;

But with a little a^Iion on the blocd.

Burn, like the mines of/ulpbur.

[Othello appears.]
'Tis as I /aid,
Look where he comes ! Not all the drowfy potions.
That e'er calm'd raging anguijh to repofe.
Shall medicine thee to that bleJfedjUep,
Which thou ow'd'ft the paft night.

Enter Othello. Does not fee lago.
Oth. Hal Falfe to me I Pfrturba-

lago.

TIOK.

i

288 LESSONS.

SooTHiKG. lago. How 7:ow, noble general ? No more of

that.
Rage. Oth. Avaunt! Be gone I Thou'ft fet me on the

rack.
Better, unknowing, to be much al^us'd,
pRET. Than but to douit the leaji.

SuRPR. lago. Howy my Lord ?

Repr. Oth. /^i?^//fw/J?had I ofher unfaithfulnefs?

for loft J fhdKghi fiot of it ; felt no injury j

I Jlept untroubled j I wak'd free and chearfuL
Anc;u. O nowy farewel fur ever, hleffed peace

^^^ Of mind ! Farewel the tranquil breajiy

The plumed troops^ the thunders of the w^r,

The/r(? of valour y and the priW^ of triumph.
Pret. Othello is a wicked woman's mock'rj.

SuRPR. I^g^^- Is't poJftbUy my Lord, you fhould be

thus. . . .
Rage. Oth. Villain! Be Jure xkioxx prove my love a

traitrefsy [Catching him by the throat.]
Threaten- Or, by the worth of mine eternal Jouly

*T\vere better for thee t'have been born a dog^
Pret. Than anjwcr my wak'd wrath.

Surpr. I^go. Is it come to this! Good Heav'n defen£

vvitli i^e!

♦ Pk K T. * ^^^ y^^ ^ ^^^'^ ^ Have you zfouly ovjenje ?

R t p K . pi^c d'jne. Take my office. — f ^ etched fool^

Ingr 't. That liv'ft to make thine honejly a w^ /

■f Pkli. ij O monjlrous world ! What //w^j are vft faWn

ll Aston.

T»

>

LESSONS. 289

To be direS and boneft, is noi/afe. Rifh. of

I tbdnk you for this profit, and henceforth Ibceat.
m linie no friend I fince love breeds fuch'^^r^.

[Going.3

Oth. ^zyJiay-'Xhoxlfifould'fthcbonefi. Ricol.

lag. \ Jhould ht wife i forbonffy^s z/bol^ Prbt.

That lo/es what it works for. ^«^ of

Oth. In my anguifb nsv%r.

I think my wife is i^^/r^^ and thiiik fhe // not. Arot.

I chink that tbou znjufi^ and that thou art not. Perturb.

I'll have fome froof. ^ Her name, ** that was as •Re en.

frejb.

As Dian's vlfage ', is now begrinCd and black, Furv.
As mine own face. If there be r^r^/r or knives,
Poifon, or fire, or fuffocating fleams,
rU not endure it. /^(?/r/^ I were hMt fatisfyd,

lag. I fee, Sir, you are eaten up withpajlon* Fret*

I do repent me that I ever parted it. ^^^^*

Oth. Give me a living rfij/&» (he's difloyal. Ahx*

lag. I do not like the office : Pret.

But fincc I'm entered in this caufe hfar^ Reluc.

Urg'd on by foolifh honefly o( friertdfbip, Apol.

I muft go on, or bear the name o(flandeferi N arra<»

I ^ in the fame room with Caflio lately, tiom.
And being troubled with a raging tooth,

I could not fleep. There is a kind of men, Expl.

U So

" " W.x name*' that is, h?r chara£l:n', of reputation.
* *• Dinn*s 'vifage.** Diana is rcprefcnted in the heathen
jny thciogy as a goddefs of cxtjraoriinary puiity.

i^b LESSONS.

, _ .So looje oijoul^ that in their fleep> will mutter
All their affairs. One dithis kind is Cajjio,
LovK. In flcep I heard him fay, " Sweet Dejdemona V

Caut. ** Let ufe be wary^ let us bide our loves.

Vbxat. " O curjedfate^ that ^tft;^ thee to the MAor^
Rac^J r Oth. O manjtrous ! I will tear her //>»^ from

Sooth.. la^ . Nay ; but be calm^ This may be nothing

yet.

QjEST. ^i&^ m^ be bonej ftilK But tell me thisj.

Have you not fometimes feen a handkerchief
Spotted vfithjlrawierries^ in your wife's hand ?

Alarm. Oth, I gave htr /uch a ^u^. Twas my j&^

Accus. lag. That 1 knew not. But/uch z. handkerchi^

(Vxnjurej it was thc/amej did I to-day
See Cajio wipe his ^^^^r^ with*

Dbspera- Oth. O that the Jlave had twenty thottfani

^'^^- lives!

One is too poor — too weak for my revenge.
lag. I^'et be patient y Sir.

Bound. 0^» O bloody bloody blocd !

Fury. ; //t?/, reeking bUod ftiall wafli the fois' nous Jiain^

Which fouls mine honour. From /Wj i&ctfr^ my

thoughts
Shall ^^''^r ^^it ^/?r^, nor ^^^ to humble love.
Horror. *Till a capacious, and w/^^ revenge.

Equal to their ^r^/jr i"/^///, fwallows them up.
,0?/»^, go with me apart., I will withdraw^
PloVtikc. To furnilhme.with fomefwift means of death

For

N

L £ S S N S. i29i

For the idix JortWeJsy and her fmooth aiuUerir^-^
From hence thouVt my lieutenant;. ! Grat.

lag. As you wiUi Sin Pret.

ACKNO.WL.

■ •

LXXIV.

Craft* Foolish Fear, Vexation^

Mafcarille, a crafty iervant in the intereft of
Lrcander, his maftcr*« fori> dontfivcs to fend
his old matter into the coimtTy, afnd, in the
mean time, perfuadc3 his friend Anfclm, that
he is dead fuddenly ; and, on that pretext^
borrows of him a fum of money for Leander.
\Ste MoUerei L'EtouRDi.]

•

^^» l€^HA Tymy good friend Pandolph dead t S u r ^ r .

Mafc. I don't wonder the news^ir- Conc.
frifes you,

Anf. To die ib wcry fuddenly ! Surpr.

Mafc. It is a very hurrying way of doing Conc.
tbingSy to htfure. But who can make people live^
you know, if they will die ?

Anf. But how does your j(?«;7^i»4^^ take it? Quest.

Mafc. ^ake it! why worfe than he would Whim.
a kicking. He Welters on the ground like a Grief.
wounded adder ^ and fays he will abfolutely go
into t\\t fame grave with his dear papa. If it
were not that they who take on fo violently do
iiot^ for the moft part, hold it long^ I fliould

U'a cxpcft

292 LESSONS.

expert him to go quite compompous about it. -*
Apology. But— a — you muft know. Sir, that we are all

in a pucker at our houfe. The old gentleman

muft be buried^ you know, and that requires

fome of the reaify. And my young majter^ if he

were in his beft viitSy knows no more than a

broomjlicky where to find a penny of money. For

you know, the old one, reft his foul, kept all that

fame zsjnug as if he had thought the dof^ligbt

Ask. would melf it. Now, Sir, you would do us a

' ^f^/ kindnejs if you will be fo good as to help

us with 9L/core or two of pieces, rill we can turn

ourfelves round a litde.

Anx. Anf, Hum— [Afide,] He will have a go$d

Avar. e^ate. And will not grudge to pay handibnie

Resol. ifjtereji. [To Mafc] I will come to him imrnC"

diatefy, and bring the money with me ; and try CO

comfort him a litde, [He goes. Gives the money.

Is deceived by an artificial corpfe laid out on the

A NX. bed. Returns full of anxiety.]— ijwi-tf-digr.'

Alarm. ^^^^ ^ /^^ thing tbis is. He was hut^xiy^eigbt,

or Jixiy-nine ; about the fame age with my/elf.
It frightens me to think of it. Suppofe I JbouU
die fuddenly too. I believe I had better think
of repent in gy and making my peace. It is true,
Coi7R. he was a little aftbmatic, and, thank God, m

body has better /^wj^-/— hem— hem -hem— than
liASTE. myfelf. — Well, but I muft go, and fend neigh-

bour Cloak'um the undertaker, as I promifed.
[Going. He meets the fuppofed dead man,

who

\

LESSONS. 293

^ho had been flopped on his way to his coun-
cry-houfe^ by perfons who informed him of
the falfehood of the reports which had occa-
iioned his fetcing out.] Ab ! mercy on \ny foul! Swd.
What is that! My old friend's gbcft I They ^'^•'
fay, none but wicked folks walk. I wifh I were
at the bottom of a (oal-pit ! Law ! Ho^ pale, and
how long his face is grown fince his death. He
Jiever was bandfome. And death has improved
him very much the wrong way. — Pray, do not Iht».
come near me, I wijbed you very well when
you was alive. But I could never abide a i/ir^ii/
Mtfn cheek by ^'^f&Z with me. fteft your foul!
Refi y OUT foul, I pray ! Vanijb, vanijby in the Taix.
ITtf i»^ of .... '

Pandolph. ^hzi tht plague is the matter, old WoKOia.
friend ! Are you gone out of your wits ? I came
to a(k your advice ; but . • . •

Anf. Tell, me, then, pray, without coming a Ikth.
^^ nearer, what you would have me do for the
repofe of y out foul. Ah, ah, eh, eh, mercy on us !
fia nearer, pray ! If it be only to take your leave Trsm.
of me that you are come back, I could have #x*
cufed you the ceremony with all my heart. [Pan«
dolph comes nearer, to convince Anfelm, that
he is not dead. He draws back as the other
advances.] Or if you^mercy on us — no nearer

pray, or if you have wronged any body, as

you always loved money a little, I pvc you the
wi^rrf of a frighted chriflim^ I will prer^ nhn£ P«.oti^t.

V 2 ^

294

LESSONS.

9$ you flea/ei for the delivtfance and repofe of your

Intr. departed fouL My good, worthy , no tie friend, do,

pray difafpear, as ever you would wijh your old
friend Anfelm to come to his fenjes again.

Mirth. Pand, (Laughing.] If I were not nnoft^^-

foundedly out of humour, I could be diverted to a

Remoh. pitch. But prithee now, old friend, what is in

the wind I that you will have me to be dead?

Sirsp. This is feme contrivance of that rogue Mafcarille\

. I guefs by what I have juQ: found out of his
tricks.

FiAR, Anf Ah, you arc dead, too fur e. Did bot

I fee your corpfe laid out upon your own bed,
and

Rbmon. Pand, fVhat the duce! I am dead^ and know

nothing of it ! But don't you fee that I am nol
dead ?

Fbar. Anf. You are clothed with a bcdy of air^

which refembles your own ferfon, when you was
alive — only— you*U excufe mc a good dc4

Jntr. plainer. Bur, pri^, now, don't aflumc ti figure

more frightful. I am within a hair's breath of
/(2/&/^ my fenfes already ; and if you (hould turn
yourfclf into a ^/^//jr, with/^wtwr-^w, or a ^Ai^i
*^f/(r without a bead, or any of the ugly Jhapes^
I a(k pardon— you aj>paritions fomctimcs put
on, I am fure I fhould go clean o' one fide at the

Ea^n. firft glimpfe of you, Pr/iy, then, in the name of

the bleffed virgin, and all thp /tf/>f//, ipwi^ and
fpnale^ be ib good as to vanifb fuietly^ and Ic^ve

your

Iktr.

LESSONS. ^^^

your poor frightened old friend wit enough to
keep him eut of a madbmfe.

Pand. This is undoubtedly that rague Maf- Vex^t,
xarille^s manufaSlure. He has, for fome gractQus
purpofe^ contrived to fend me to the country on a
fool's errandy and I fuppofe, in my abfence^ he has,
to anfwcr fome other pious end^ ferfuaded you
that I am dead. Come, give me thy band^ and Encou*
thou wilt be convinced I am not dead more than
tbyfelf

Anf. [Drawing back.] fFbat ytt^ ill ivN laid REmc.-*:-
out upon the bed then ?

• Pand. How (houU I know? It was. not /, Encovw.
however.

Anf. If I -WQTtfure you are not deady I ihould Reluc.
not be afraid to toucb you : but the b^nd of a
dead man muii be fo r — ^ — o — Id! Shudd.

. Pand. Pritbee novfy give over. I tell you, it is Encou.
nothing but Mafcarille's invention. [He feizet . *

Anfelm's hand, who fcreams out.] ...

Anf. Ab ! Saint Antbony freferve Tc\^\—Ab Terr.

^--ab-eb^eb —Why — why after ally your Return.

hand is not fo co—o—o—ldy neitber. Of the two, ^^"*-
jt is rather warmer than my own. Can it be,
though, that you are not dead ?

Pand. Net I. Encou.

Anf. I begin to queftion it a little myfelf But Recol.
ftill my mind mif gives mtplaguily about the corp/e
I faw laid out upon your bed. If I could but find
out what that was——

U 4 Pand«

296 LESSONS.

Ekcotj. Pand. PJhaw^ prithee, v^hsit Jiptifies it what it

yi2LS ? as long as you fee plainly I am mt dead.

Ricai. Anf, Why yes, as you fay, that is ^^ point.

But yet the corfje upon the bed haunts me. But
— [paufcs] ril be bang'd if it be not as yau/ay.

Ve;cat. Mafcarillc is a rogue. But, if you be net dead, I

ann in twofweet /crapes. One is, the danger of
being dubbed Mafcarille's fool. The other of
lojing fifty pieces, 1 furniihcd him for your inter^
ment.

DxAcov. Pand, O, you have lent him fnoney, have you ?

Then thc/ecret is cut.

Afol. Anf* Tes j but you know, it was upon the

credit of your ejiate, and for your own perfonal
benefit. For, if you had been dead, you muft
have been buried, you know. And Maicarille
told me, your fon could come at no ready cajh^
you know. So that I hope you will fee mcpaid^

Insik. you know,

kirus. Pand, I'll be hang'd if I do. I have enough to

pay on that /core, otherwi/e.

VsxAT. AnC ril pluck off every /tngle grey hair that is

upon my old foolijh bead.— fVhat ! to have no
more wit at this time of life !— 1 expcft nothing
elfe than that they (hould make z farce iapraife
of my wi/dom^ and a£l me, till the town btfick of
mCt [£xeunt different ways.]]

LXXV,

LESSONS. 297

LXXV.

Exhortation.

The fpccch of Galgacus the general of the Cale-
donii ^ in which he exhorts the army he had
aflembled, in order to expel the Romans, to
fight valiantly againft their foes under Jul.
Agricola. \^Corn. TacU. Vit, AcRfO.]

Countrymen, and Fellow Soldiers !

WHEN I confider thcitati/e, for which we Coun,
have drawn our /words, and the neceJUity
of flriking an effisltuaf blow before we Jbeatb^^
them again, I feel joyful bopis trifing in my mind,
chat this day an opening fhaU be made for the
reftoration of Britilh liberty, and for jhaking off
the infamous j^ifc^ of Vjoimxsi flavery . Caledcnia Vsxat.
is yet free^ The all-^gr a/ping power of Rome has Cow a.
not yet been able to feize our liberty. But it is
only to be preferued by valour:. By flight it
cannot: for liitjea eot^es us; and that the Warn.
more effeliually, as being fojfejfed by the fleets
of the eneny. As it is by arms that the brave
acquire \mcoQitXz\fame, fo it is by arms that the

fordid

y The Caledonii were, according to ''^tolcmy, the inhabi-
tants of the interior parts of what biiore the anion was calle4
Scotland^ now North-Bnts^n.

t

«98 LESSONS

fordid muft defend their lives and properties^ ox lofe
Effcoy. them. You are the very men, my friendSi who

have hitherto fet bounds to the unmeafurable
ambition of the Romafts. In confequence of your
inhabiting the more inaccejfible parts of the iiland,
to which the fliores of thofe countries on die
^ntinent; which are enflaved by the Romans^,
are invifible^ you have hitherto hc^tifree from the
common difgrace, and the common fufferings.
You lie almoft out of the reach of fame itfelfi
Warv. But you muft not expe£i to enjoy this untroubled

fecurity any longer, unlefs you beftir yourfelves fo
effeSlually, as to put it out o(t\\t pifwer of the enemy
to fearcb out your retreats, and difturb your refofi.
If you donoty curipfity .alone m\\ fet them 9^prying,
and they will conclude that there is ibmewhat
V^ortb the labour of conquering in ihc interior parts
of the (/74;///, merely becaufe they have never feen
them. What is /////^ known is often coveted, becaufe
{o little known. And you are not. to expeS that
you fhould ^i:/7/^ the ravage of the general plun^
derers oi mankind, by any {cTitwatXitdimoderatimi
in /)b^/». When the countries, which arc more ^r-
cej/ible, come to be fubdued, they will then ^ri**
their way into /i>g/? which areA^ir^^ to be come
Accus* at. And if they fhould conquer the dry land

over the whole world, they will then think of
carrying their arms beyond the ocean, to fee
whether there be not certain unknown regions,
which they may attack, and reduce under fub-

2 lesion

LESSONS. 999

jeSufH to the Roman empire. For wc fee, that if
a country is thought to be powerful in arms^ the
Romans attack it, bccaufe the conquefl will be
glorious I if inconfiderahle in the military art, bc-
caufe the viftory will be ea/y j if rich, they arc
drawn thither by the hope of plunder j if poor,
by the defire oifame^ The taft and the wefi, the
Joutb and the north, the face of the 'ivhole earth, is
. thtjcene of their military atchievementsi the world
is too ////^/^ for their ambition, and their avarice.
They are the ^w/y nation ever known to be equally
defirous of conquering ^poor kingdom as a rich
one. Their Jupreme joy feems to be ravaging,
fighting, and Jbeddingof blood-, and when they Horro».
have unpeopled a region, fo that there are none left
alive able to bear arms, they fay, ihey have given
peaces to that country,

Nature itfclf has peculiarly endeared to all men. Tend,
their wives, and their children. But it is known
to you, my countrymen, that the conquered
youth arc daily draughted off to fupply the defici-
encies in the iJ^wjw ^^rwy. The wives, the fibers. Horror,
and the daughters of the conque^-ed are either ex-
pofcd to the violence, or at lead corrupted by the
arts of thefe cruel fpoilers* The fruits of our m- Accu3,
dujlry are plundered^ to make up the tributes im-
pofed on us by oppreffive avarice. Britons Jow
their fields ; and the greedy Romans reap them.
Our very bodies are worn out in carrying on their Compl,
military works j and our toils are rewarded by

them

30O LE S SONS-

chetn with ahuje and ftripes. Thofej who arc
torn to Jlaverj^ are bought and mamtoiMid bf their

IvDicH. mq/iers. But /i&ij unhappy country fays for being

enflaved^ and /r^^ thofe who enflavc it. And mt
portion of dijgrace is the bittereft^ as the inhabi-
tants of /i»/V ijland are the /^> who have fidlen

Aceirs. under the ;tf///irj^j^/(^. Our native bait againft

tyranny^ is the offence^ which moA/enJibly irritates
diofe /im//)P ufurpcrs. Our defiance from tht/iaf
of government, and our natural defence by the
furrounding ^r^tf)!, render us obnoxious to their
• fu/pieions : for they know that Britons are ^^m
with an inftin£tive /^^ of //^^(y ; and they con«
elude that we nouft be naturally led to think of
taking the advantage of our detached Jituatkn, to
difengage ourfclves, one time or other^ from their
opprejjion. ^

Warn. Thus, my countrymen, and fellow-folaiers,

JufpeSled and hated^ as we ever mufi be by the
Romans, there is no pro/peSl oi ow enjoying even

CouR. a tolerable ftate of bondage under them. Let

us then, in the name of all that is Jacred^ and in
defence of all that is dear to us, refolve to exert
ourfelvcs, if not for ^^rj, at Icaft foijafetyi if
not in vindication of Bricifh honour^ at leaft in

CoMMKND. defence of our lives. How near were the Bri-^

gan tines'- to Jhaking off iht yoke— \tA on too by a

woman ?

^ The Briganiines, according to Ptolemy, inhabited what
i*^ now called Yorkfhirc, the hiiliopric of Durham, &c.

L E S S O N 8. 301

woman? Thty burnt a Roman /ettltment : they
attacked the dreaded Roman legions in their camp.
Had not ^61 partial /uccejs drawn them into a Rbge.
fatal Jecurity^ the bufinejs was ^(9ji^. And fliall not Covr.
fve^ of the Caledonian region^ whole territories are
yetfrecy and "whoftftrengtb entire^ (hall we not, my
fellow-ibldierSj attempt Jomewbat^ which may
fliew thcfc foreign ravagers, that they have w^^
/^ J<9 than they think of, before they be mafters of
the w^^/^ ijland ?

But, after allj who are thefe m/^i&(y Romans ? Cont.
Are they |^^<£f, or mortal men, like ourfelves ? Do
we not fee, that they h\\ into the fame errors ^ and
weaknejfes as ^/i&^j .^ Does not ^^^ r^ effeminate
^them ? Does not abundance debauch them ? Does
not wantonnefs enervate them ? Do they not even
go to excefs in the moft unmanly vices ? And can Remok.
you imagine that they, who are remarkable for
their vices^ are likewife remarkable for their va^
lour? Whaty then, do we dread? — Shall I tell Cour.
you the very truths my fellow-foldiers ? It is by Regr.
means of our inteftine divijions^ that the Romans
have gained fo great advantages over us. They
turn the mi/managements of their enemies to their
own prai/e. They boajl of what they have done,
and fay nothing of what we might have done, had
we been fo wi/e as to unite againft them.

fflfat is this formidable Roman army? Is it not Cont.
compofed of a mixture of people from differetit
countries i fome more, Ibme /g/}, difpofed to military
' achievements i

•Q4 L £ s s o ist s;

achievements I fome mortj fome lefSf capihti flf*
hearing fatigue and bardjhif ? They keep #0;jg'^*

CouR. //>^r, while they ZTtfuccefsfuL Attack them w.kh

vigour : dijirejs them : you will fee than <ii#r^ dif*
united among themfelves than *afe are n&w^ CM
any one imagine, that Gauls, Germans^ and^ —

Re OR. with^^rfWf^I muft add, Britons , who hq/ify hftd,

for a time, their /iw^j, and their livesy to build

CouR. up z foreign tyranny j can one imagine, chat thefe

will not be longer enemies than ^ifes ? or Aat
fuch an army is i&^W together by fentiments of

Co XT. fidelity or offeSlion ? No : the wfy i«^</ c( union

among them is fear. And, ^^httttver terror eeafes
to *:e?(?r)t upon tlie f»/»rf/ of that mixed multitude,
they, who now fear, will /i&f» ^^/r their tyranniteA
majiers. On our fide there is every poffiMe incite*^

Covie. ment to valour 4 The Roman courage \^ not^ as

^;/rj, inflamed by the thought of wiv« and Mlf
dren in danger of falling into the hands of the
tnem. The Romans have no parents, as te^/ have,
to reproach them, if they fhould de/ert thdr in-
firm old age. They have ;7^ country here to jf^if

Co NT. for. They arc a »6>//^ collelfion offcreigners, in

a land wholly untnown to them, r«/ ^from their
native ccimtry, hemmed in by ihcfurrounding ocean j
and given, I hope, a prey into our hands, with-
out ^7// pcjfibility of g/Jr^/?^. Let not the fi)und of
the Roman name affright your ^ijrj. Nor let
the glare of ^^/^ or filver, upon their armour
dazzle your <y^j. It is not by gold, ox Jilver,

that

i: E d S O N S. 303

thatmcn arc cither iptmniied or defended^ though
they su-c rendered a ricbtr prey to the conquer or s.
Let us boldly ^//d^r* this difunited rabble. We Coua.
(hall find among them/elves a reinforcement to our
^ynxiy. The degenerate Britons, who are incorpo^
rated into /i?«> forcety will, through ^^nr^ of their
country's caufe dejerted by them, quickly /^tfvr
the Romans f and come over to «j. The Gauls,

m

remembering thtir former liberty, and that it was
the Romans who deprived them of it, will forfake
their tyrants, and join the ajertors of freedom^
The Germans, who remain in their amf)y> will/e^^
/^w the example of their countrymen, the UJippii,
who fo lately deferted. And ^nyi^/ will there be
/i«i to fear ? A few half garri/hned forts j a few Cont^
municipal towns inhabited by worn-out old men,
difcord univcrfally prevailing, occafioned by /y-
ranny in thofe who command, and obftinacy in thofc
who fhould ^^^. On our fide, zn army united in Coufv
the r/y^ of their country, their wives,- their r/fr/T-
i/r^,^ their aged parents, their liberties, their //wj.
At the i'^^^ of this ^ir/wy — I hope I do not ofi^nd A'pot*^
againft mod(fiy in faying, there is a General ready
to ^>r^r/ ij// his abilities, fuch as they are, and ta
halzard his ///ir in leading you to viSlory, tnd'td^^
freedom.

I conclude, my countrymen, and fellow-fol- Bncov.
diers, with putting you in mind, that on your
behaviour this day depends your future enjoy-
inentyi feac'e arfid liberty, or your fubjtffion to a

tyrannical

304

\

LESSONS,

iyrannicai enemfy with all its grievous cm^u!tnc€M*
Wbeiij therefore^ you come to enfflfe^hink of
your ancejtors — and think of your foficrity*

VfXAT.

ArpRfiU.

Apol.
Blame.

Apprib.

Covii.

JIecol.
Dis.

Doubt.

Des.

Appebh.

LXXVI.

DouBTiN*o. Vexation. Affectation of
Learning. Compulsion^ &c.

«

[See MoUeris Marhiaoe FoRCE'.y
Longhead iolus^ with an open leuer in his hand.

I WAS wrung to proceed fo far in this aucter
fo bajiily. To Jhc the very day, and thtnfaiL
Htrfaiber will projecute me, to bt Jure, and will
recover heavy damages too, as he threatens me.
But thcn» what could I do ? Could I marry with
the proJpeH I had before me ? To tell mc, (he
married to ^tfree from refiraint, and that flie
expeded I (hould make no enquiry into her eon-
duff more than j^^ would into mine! If ttic^aks
fo freely lefore marriage, how will (he aff after ?
No, no, ril Jiand his prof ecut ion. Better be a
beggar than a cuckold. — But hold. — Perhaps I
am more afraid than hurt. She might mean
only innocent freedom. — She is a charming girl.
But I am thirty years older than /&^ is. — I would
wi(h to marry heri but I (hould not liScc what I am
itfraid will be the confequente. What refclutiem

ihall

LESSONS. J05

ikiill taipt? Vll be bang' 4i if 1 kno^tubat to dc. Anx.

00 (ntthmd^ beauty inviting ; oa the otber^ €uck^ Dts.
aUoA as' ^igly as the </ ^ L ^On ojiif hand^ marriagu Af^k^
xm the otber^ a law-Jtdh ^\ am.io 9.:/Sx» dikmut,. Vixat.
—L^mteht Lm^ad ; iMnalot Longhead i ^ftrik^

ing hin^iiclf on the. fbcehead.] I 'U tell you ter^bn/^
old friend^ I doubt you d^e but a^SsBpi^^al} this
^bile^ that you have been thinking yojirfetf a
ijtde Salomon. * VM e'en ^dand ^)0<i^.mtbibiiic
friends^ what I muft do. For I o^otit^ deter«-
mine, within my/elf ^ whether I had' hcccer try tp Dovbt.
make^ ii up widi the ftoiily^. and ^»^ir with ^ny
ioteilded.iMmii^, or &tthem at dejiMte^ and
refbltre to have nothing 'to\ do with mutrimt^. — ,
If any body advifta nteto inarry, Vl\ venture it,

1 think. Let me fee, what wi/cy /agacions pcbplt Cohud.
nac there of my iUfuaintdnce?'^Oh'^Xf\y' two Rnoi.
neighbours, Dr. Nevmut^ and Dr. Donity ; .meA

-of univer/al learning I Til go to them direSly*^^^
And here is Dr. Nerierout commg Ott . of /i»iV
hoi^ ^tij.fartunateiy.. • • : : . \. ...»

* Neverout^ [talking t6 one in thehoo^l] I teU AnGia.
you, fciedd, you aie zfiihf^fdlow^ igttora9t$:.af all
good di/cipline, and fit to be banijhed from the
republic oiUUers*. I wili uodirrt^ke'io demanfiSirafe Arru.
to you by convincing argnments^ <^aw«i. from the i^^l^^^
wrttmgs 6f At^otlebiw^^ the fbilofi^end^bi^
hj^hprr^ that, ignanis ii^ you uri^an^'. ignorant
'SiXi^\ that ignanis efu^ yoit nvat an ignorant
fellow;; itau^y .ignacua fvifiii you Intvt been an
.'^rc.l X ignorant

304

APrRKH.

It

L £ S ? '^

tyrannical e/iemyy with li^ras^ you /^'

When, therefore, yo' ,/'^f, ignarus efl^'

your anceJicrS'^'diXid '^^ through aU tJ^'

,r.AcMomiSi xht pronouns y
^ J^At adverbs^ prepofititmS J

. Vt/nuft have vfed him very

. ^ >'^ fo many itf r J »fl«^J. Dr.

[See ; jf^"/f^^- A v;otd with you, if

Longhca' -^Jfindtore^! You don't fo

^i4 ^^Jffc firft elements of the art of rea-
Vpxat. T WA ^/^^'t know the difference between

^^ * ^ ^ uf^edicamentj npr between a «ii^
Her/ . ^^
reco^ • jriis taMon blinds him fo, he docs

doubtin^o.
Lear*

Apol. But

iiLAME. the

^i^fi^faffii., -,

m. DeSoTt I kift your bands. May

IT /^'pofO^ know, what a blunder you have

e *' ^7 Do you know what it is to be guilty

A p p R I H . ' ... r ij^jjfc i» Balordo ? Your w/y^r is fcolijb,

]^.:S' t^i-^ iwpertinenU and your condufion ridi*

CouR. ¥^

Recol. ^^ Pray, Doftor, what is it, that fo

Des. ^^ your pbilofopby ?

^•^ iJy* '^^^ "^^^ atrocious prcvocaticn in the
Doubt. ^^ An ignorant fellow would defend a proper

Des. ^j»'' L|dit moft erroneous, the moft abominable, the

Afp R « H ^rW* f^fiterabJe that ever was uttered^ or written*

^ ^"^ Liongh.

S S O N S. 307

^y I aj^^ what it isi EK<y7.

/• Longhead, all is rumd. The Apprebemi.

♦ M into a gaieral depravify. A degfree
ifne/sy that is alarmng^ reigns univer^ Repr.
A the governors of ^^//^i h^ve reafoq to
jn^^ of themfelves, who have posvcr in
j|(nds for maiotaining good ^^(fr an[X)ng
iodj and /^j^r fuch Oiormtties to pais ^n-

u^. ^Pl^i?/ is it, pray. Sir ? EN<yF.

:v. Only think, Mr. LoDghea4> only /i^, Accvs.
in a cbriJiU% country , a perfon Ihould be
ed to ufe an expreffion publicly, that one
1 think, "WQuld frighten z nation, an expref-
that one would exped to raife the devil I
think of—" The farm of a i?^i/ r— "There, Auk7>.
jon^ticj^, there'smejtprffion for yo}i\ Did
liink you (hould have lived to hear fuch an
EoQ as—" The form of a i&a/ /"

Qigh. Howj^ Sir? I don't undec(^nd wherein En<^u.
rm of fuch an exprtfjjion confijis.
Vr I affirm^ ^nd ia^ upoa ic« with ibjin^j Posit.
'//, pugnis et calcibus, ungui^^ et f^fv, that
I " The form of a i&^/' is as ahjurd, ai to
i^ datur vacuum in rerun\ nfitur4, there is
turn in nature. [Turning 9^^ to the per-
nth whona he had been difpnting in the
] Yes, ignorant creature,' ^ ^^ i$ an ina» Dup.
' fubftanoti andj th^refore^^rpr earmoi be Cont^
Uidofk. Ge, illiterate wretch, and read LiAitir.

X t: Ariftotlc's P»'^^-

3o6 X. E S^S O N a

■ ' tgnonat teUow t tfaai^' i^iinu fiurar, you iit

• '■ kuitafi ^nonoc fellow; and that, ignann trii,

.' yoa vaill ht la tgnonuu fellow, thkvffgih all tht

; ^JiTiy eaftti mimheTSt votces, moadst ttM/eSy^nd

fer/iHSt of all the artitksy ^ muok, tix prmumu,

the verksi Aa^psr/idpktj the itd9erhttprep§fituMi,

iatifji^ims, and ee^unOiua.

WoHDiK. ' Long^ Somebody muft have.afed fitm veif

>//, to nuke him. call fi> xtuzny bard wtmn. Dr.

Civil. NevtroMit jouT Jirvant, A vM^.irnh.faii, if

you plcife. Sir . '

CexT. Nenr. Ttw prctetid'.tOi:r«9fas/. Yon do^'tA

mucti w ^w the fitft ofoimr/i^af tfae.Artof nv-

LsAKK. /amg. . You don't koaw- to di&rcocc 'betiMca

Pkibi. af4(^«f7and.a/picdEi<aNiritf, iiQRlxnveaLaa^

- «Dd«.iiMMr.,

J. Loi^h. Bitp^ffim iUaJs tim ib>. he: dcvK

Civil. »ot Jet me. DeStTt I kift fov b»dt, Maj

CoKT. Na]r..Dayouktx)Wi whata^kaJiir you hate

VtitoK. temmitted? Do you know what itil n; be gti^

<^A/y^ii^^.m Balordat. Yaxmt^ hfo^fi,

your Mour in^frtiMOitt tatA your ccnebtfiom ri^

En^. ' Iioogh. Pray, Dofttr,- vbat ii k, diat lb

^trht .your fbifvfepiji f .

Anc. -. l>I^/-The rnoft latraavus -ynviuMeB-'oL At

PittDt. iH«tfi'i.An.f|Mr<nr/«/ZKr.wauld deftnt^a /n jjf

>CCM9:dKoaDft/rr«un({, dtf nwfl; f^MMoM^ the
mcStjeueraiie xkk% qycr vauKUrrai/, or «

1

LESSONS. 307

Longh^ May I 4|/^> wbai it is ? £k(^.

Ncv.. Mr. LoDgheadi all is ruined. The Appribbmi.
world is fallen into a^^pral deprdvify. A deg|rce
of licentiou/ne/s, that is alarmingy reigns univer^ Rbpr.
^/^ i and the gqvermrs of ^^//^i h jivc retfoq to
be ajhamed of themfelveSj who have ^^tc^^ in
their hands for nuintaining good order an[X)ng
ipankindj and Juffer fuch enormities to pais ^-
fM^ed*

Lion^. ^Pl^tfl is it, pray. Sir ? En<^.

Nev. Only ihink, Mr. Loiighead» only tbini, Accus.
that in ai chrijium country^ a perion fhould be
aj lowed to ufe an expreflion publicly ^ that one
would think, would frighten a natipi, an expref-
Goo, that one would expe&toraife the devil I
Only think of—" The form of a bat r-^^ere^ Ama».
IMU*. Longhcjad, there's aa exfreffion for ypy ! Did
you think you (hould have lived to hear fuch an
OKpStBion as—" Tjxc/orm of a i&a/ f

l^ngh* Howj^ Sir? I don't unded[^nd vjiercin En<^u.
the barm of fuch an exprejion conjifts.
: Nqv.. ][ tf^nm, andia^ upon \i^ with ibji^^^j Posit.
uxkdfeet^ pugnis et caleiius, unguii^4 ^t r^firo^ that
Wfnyj " The /?rKi of a bat^'' is ^ abf^rd^ ai to
lay, th^, datur vacuum in reritnx natuv^^ there is
a vacuum in nature. [Turoiog 8£^ifi to die per-
f^flj with whona he had been difpnting in the
houfe.] Yes, ignorant cre^ture^' ^ bat i$ an ina- Dup.
nimate fubftanoTi andj thCFefore^^nv earmoi be Cont.
predicated q( Vi. Go, illiterate wretch, and read Leark.
T X t: Ariftotle's P*'^^-

3o8 L E S S O N Si

Ariftotle*s chapter of qualities. Go, (hidy Aqn*
nas, BurgiTfdicius, and Scbeiblerus, of the ten pre^
dicaments. Ga j and then fay, ** The form of
*^ zbat,'* if you dare.

Satisf. Longh. O, I thought, Do£tor, fometfaiag

wor/e, than all tbis^ had happened.

Appre- Ncv. What would yoii have wor/e, unlefs a

OsTEN. comet were to come from beyond the crNf of
of Saturn, and either bum the world by its * near ap^

Lr AKN. proacb i drown it by at tracing tht Jea^ and reufing

a tide three miles bigb j or force it from its «r^'f
by impinging againft it, and make it either)^ otf
into infinite /pace, or rufb to the^ior, the r«f/re of

Apfr e- QurJ^flem. Except tbis, what can be war/?, tfaih

" ^ *" ^ ' confounding language, deftroy ing qualities, demo*

lifhing predicaments, and, in (hort, overturning
^Wfcience from the foundation t For I*^j[iV is tte
foundation oifcience.

Cons. Longh. Why, it may be a bad thing, for what

Intr*; I know. But, pray, Dodtor, let a boAj ^eak

with you. •

ANq. Nev. [To the perfon in the houfe.] An

impertinent fellow !

Intr. Longh. ' He is fo ; but I want your advice^

Dodtor, in • • • •

Anc. Nev. A ' blockhead !

Intr. Liongh. Well, I own he is fo; but m n$Gnj£

that, pray, good DoElor.

pRiuw Nev. To pretend to difpute vfidi m I

\

•• I •.

Lo&gk

L E S SO N & 309

Longh. He is very much in the wrong, to Cows,
be fure. But now let me aflc you a quefiicn^ Intr.
Doftor. You muft know, Sir, that I have been Ask.
thinking o( marrying. Only I am a little afraid ^'^^*
of that, you know of; ihc-misfortune, for which
ho body is pitied. Now^ I (hould be glad you
would^ as a pbilojopber, give me your opinion on
ih\% point.

Nev. Rather than tf//»i// fuch znexpreffion, I Ang. -
would deny fubjl ant ial forms y and abftraSl entities.

Longh. Plague on the man ! Ht knows nothing Vexat.
of what I have been/ay ing. Why, Dr. Neverout, Iktr. ' '
I have been talking to you, this hour; and you
give me no an/wer.

. Nev. I afk you pardon. I was engaged in Apol; '^
fupporting truth againft ignorance: but now I • >'

hive done. If what I have faid will not convince,
let the ignorant be ignorant ftilL What woiild
you confult me upon ? • ^ '

Longh. I want to talk with you about an Intr.
zSsLir of con/equence.

Nev. Good. And what /0;gf^i/^ do you intend EiKyi.
to ufe in*the converfation with me ?

Long. What tongue? Why> the tongue I Wond.
have in my mouth.

Nev. I mean, v/hzt language ^ vihsit fpeecb ? Ekqjj.
Do you intend to- talk with me in Latin, Greek,
or Hebrjew ?

Longh. Not I. I don't kn(m w^ erf* them Wond.
from a>wthir^

X3 N^v.

/

i

310

Vexat.

VlXAT.

Enqxt.

VlXAT. ,

Enqjj.
Vbxat.

VlXAT.
EnQJ7.

Vexat.
Satis.

Learn.
Pride.

Vexat.
Intr^

LESSONS.

Nev. Then, you will ufc a modem Ingiiage,
1 fuppofe, as the Italian, perhaps, which is /wed
and muJicaL

Longh. ^0.

Nev, l^he Spanijh, which is maj^it tad fh
nordus.

Lx)ngh. M.

Ncv. The Englijhy which is copUus and ex^
frtufive.

LiOng. Ifo.

Nev. The High Dutch is but an indifirmt
)angua|ge. ITou ti;^;;'/, I fupjpofe, tnake ufe 6^
it in this converfation.

Lopgh. No.

Nev. And the Low l)HtcbU^or/e tdll >/7ill
you talk to me in Turkijh ? it is a lofty langua^t^

JLongh, No.

Nev. VVhat think you of the Syriac, die
Araiic^ the Cbaldaic^ the Perfian, the Pdi$^€uef
Do you choofe ^i/j^ of /i^^w .^

Xjongh.. JVb.

Nev. /!n^ii/ language /i&«r ?

Longb^ Why, the language we are talking n^w.

Nev. OK ! ybu will fpeak in the vernacular
tongue? If To, pleafe to come on the l^t fide.
The right ear x$ for the foreigj%, and the learned
languages.

. Longh. Hete is a deal of eerewuny with Jucb
fort oi people. I want to ^^i^i^// yovit X^odory
about an affair of confequeme.

2 Nev.

\

Ue^m" Or\ I Mndef^mi jaa J You want my Affeot.
cpinion upon fomc of the difficulties m pbUo/opby^ Leark,
as^ for example, yfhethcr/uljtance and aaidoit,
are terms JjfMfiynunUf or equivocal^ with regard

Longh. iV;^, that w w/ //. Vex at.

Nev. Whether Z^igi^ is an jr/ or z/dence f Afpb^^ /
Longh. Noy noi I don't care a baljfem^y Vexat,

-iNTer. Ifkhas forit8i>t^e£kche/^«^^!^tf/£Mrj Affect*: •
of the mindy or the fMtJoidy. * t . i .j

Longh. That is not the tfj^X ■ Vtx at.

Ner. Whether, pfopetiy fpeakiftg, there are Affect.
Jix categories y won\f9ff€f

Longh. 1 don't care, if there ^cttjixbujbd Vex at.
tli catecbijhfs. That is tfot what IwOMU I
am . • • •

'Kev. PerhafM you want to know, wh^cf Affect.
die €<mclufion is <rf the ejimce of ^^Jjfltogi/ki f -

Longh. Noy no^ no. It is not abovt MSff/ucb Vexat.
pqint ; but ....

tlc7. Vf \ic(htr liic efence of good i$ 0fpeiibi^ Affect,;^:
ifljiy' ^ jkitablenefs f

ILongh. 1 am going to tell y6u my bufintfs^ Vexat.
\t "

41 a . . •

Nev. Yoti would know,^ perhaps, if the ^^v. Affect./ i>t
and the fW// arc r^/prc ^4/7 ' ".^

I^ongh, Not Z bit. Vexat..

Nev. Whether the end infiuences us by its reil Affect.
fjfence^ or by its intentional ?

X 4 Longh,

g

3ii L E SjB O N S;

Vex AT. LongK. No^ no^ it is qniti ifnotbersjkir^ I

tell you.

Arr scT. . Ncv. You muft explaiw ywrjtlf^ then; for I

&ave mentioned the moft ^ difficidi poiacs^ and
thofcj that arc commonly agitated in the Jcbooli
in our times.

Vkxat; Longh. 1 ftiould have told you my hufin^s an

kaurMgOy if you would have heard me.

ArrgcT. Ncv. 'Pronounce x}^tTi>

jMTii. Ijongh. and CThe affc^ir^ I want to coinfiilt

.i^f Bcr- Kev. together •l«y/^^ was given to man on

yc^u about, Dr. Never^ut, is this i I have had
mrfioje^ that by it \itm\^exprejs\x\% fihouj^s :
C thoughts of marrying a young lady^ who is very
t^nd as the thoughts are the images of things f\ fo
thaftj/ome, and much to tfiy liking. I have aflced.
\words are the images of our thoughts. Mafpe
€hdr father* s con/ent, and he has granted it. Only
^ufe therefore^ of words to explain to me your
CI am afiwd • • • •
C thoughts.

IWpat. Longh. PAi^if^ on this everlafting/a/>^^. f^ho

is like to be the wt/er for i&/ivi ; if he will not fo
much as hear what one has to fof to him ? 1*11
go to t)r. Doubty. Perhaps he will be more rea^

Joy. Jpnahle.'^And, very fortunately, here he cm^s.

Civil. I will re^^// him at once. -Dr. Doubty, I beg

your wife advice about a matter of ^rcat ctnfcfrn
■ to mc.

-'' . Doub.

L E S S O N SL' 3^13

Daub* Be pleafed, good Mr. Longheadj to Appict.
alier your pbrqfeoUgy. Oxxv pbilojopby directs to ^^^*"-
give out 00 decifivi propofitionf ; but to fpeak of
aU things with uncertainty 1 and always 10 /ujpend
ctor judgment* Therefore you ought not to fay,

— ** I ieg your advice/* but, ** I /ee0^ to

'' beg it."

Longh. I /eem ! What fignifies talking of Surpr,
/eems j when I am here on the /pot with you ?

Doub. That is nothing to ih^ purpo/e. You Afpic.
may imagine a thoujand things^ in which there is
no reality*

Longh. IVha^l is there no reality in my Wavy,
being here talking with Dr. Doubty ?

Doub. It,is uncertain ; and we ought to ^(?i^/ Appjie.
of every thing. You appear to my external /en/es
(D be here, as I, perhaps, to yours. But nothing
is cerJain. All things are doubtful.

Longh. Sure, Dr. Doubty, you are dilpofed Wovo.
to be merry. Here am /; there zxtyou : here is
no /eem i no uncertainty; nothing ^1^//^//^/; but aQ
u plain, as the »^^ on your face. Let uSj for Chid.
fiame, drop thck whims, and talk o^ my hu/ine/s. Ikt»,
You muft know. Dr. Doubty, that I have had
thoughts of x»^rrjf/irj[, and ihould be glad of your
opinion and advice.

Doub. I don't Itnow, that you have had Appit.
thoughts of marrying. '^

Lo/jgh. But I teU it you. Vixat.

Doiib. That may he, or it may not he. Ap#ic.

Longh.

Akx. . ^

314 LESfeO'NS,

i

Aiix. Lortgb. "tht yOiflig lady 1 had tttadeehbice

6f, is ycry young, and very 'bMdfme.
Apfsc. Dovb. That may i^, or it may mrtie. ^

Aiix. Longh. Do you chiDk» I (hall do ^fify 10

inarrying her ?
Arrtc* Doub. You may do wifely', fof aUght 1 imw,

or you may do unwifely for aughc I know.
Anx. Longh. I am very much in Irot tmh the

young lady. '

Appic. Doub. That is not impo^ble.^

Ahx. Lx)ngh. But^ as (lie is mucb younger dian mrfi

I am a/raid of^ you know what.
Appbc. Doub. Tou may be afraid. Cot aught I kwm^

Longh. Do you thinks I Ihould run die ha^ud

of being a cuckold if I fliould marry her ?
Appic. Doub. There is no Haiural imfttffiKUty in it.

But, if you fhould, you may, perhaps, Mt be the

firji, nor the laji. But all things are uncertain.
Ajjx, Longh. But wh^t would j^tfir db, if you wcfcin

my place. Dr. Doubt y ?
AppEe^ Doub. It \% uncertain, z:^ all things ztt.

Akx. Longh. But what do you advije me to do ?

Irdiff. Doub. What you ^/(f/j/J?.

y^3^^^^ Longh. I fliall go »tf</. ' *

IifDiPF. Doub. 1 wajh my bands olit. '

AwG. . Longh. A plague on the old dream/er !

Iki>iff. £|pub. liappen what w^ill,' I am clear.

Pa$3. Longh. rU make yoM change font iuckow^

note, you old philofbphical hinldrum,' y^'O-^ —

[beats himj-— I wilf— [beats hirii] FU make you
- ' fay

L E S*S O N S. 51^

fyffimewhai elfty than ^^ All things are dauh^ ;
^ 4j// /ib/ffj:^ are muertmn—' [beats him] I witl^
you olAfufiy pedant.

Doub. -^/ft /— (7/> /— ^i& /—What beat ajpi&i- Court.
lofopberl-^jfb l—ob !-^eb !

Longh. BcpUq/ed^ Dr. Doubty, [mimickiftg Stifh.
the DoAor,] to alter yoxxc.pbrajeology. Ybitf jpii-
lofopby^ dircfts you to give out no decifivtpr^o^
Jitions I but to fpeak of all things with uficertahlty,
and always xoju/pend your judgment. Thcrtfore,
you ought not lb fay,— ^^ I have been beaceh j"
but ** \Jeem to have been beaten."

Doub. I will havt you profecnted wirfi dte a wo.
utitioft rigour of the law. Threat.

Longh. \waJbmybandsof\t: Imdiff.

Doub. I will flieW the marks of the bl(ms I Ano.
have received from you. •

Longh. You may imagine a tb^u/and things^ In dip p.
in which there is no reality.

Doub. I will go direSly to a inapfirate^ and ang.
have a warrant for you. [Exit Doubty .}

Longh. There is no natural impoffibilitj in it. iMDippt.

Enter Captain Ptnkum, with tw6 fwords in one
hand, and a cane in the other.

Pink. Mr. Longbead^l 2snyo}xr mo^ obe£€nt, Rup.

moft bumble Jervant.

Longh. Sir, yout/ervanf. ^ Imdipp^

Pink. Sir, I have the honour of waiting on Rbspa

youj to l^t you know, that, as you was pleafed

ta

3i6 L E S $ O N S.;

to difapfoint us yefterday^ which was thp day
fixed hy yourjelf for your marriage with VKf^fter^
you and I mutt/eltU that j^/r in an btmntrailc
way. . ...

VixAT* ' Longh. Why, Sir, it is wA r^r^r^/ that I

failed youi but . . • .

R»s#. Fink. Ob ! Sir, there is no barm, as we.(hall^

^ri^ matters.

VixAT. Longh. I 2mJorry it fb bappens. But fbme

Iitde/<:ri(p/irj chanced to come into my m/xJ about
the difference between our ages, which, you know,,
is pretty cottfiderable. And I put ^the f^arriage
for^a licde time, only that I might conjider of it,
and advi/e mth my friends. And now, that the
day is pajy I think it may be better for us botb,
that it be let alone altogether.

Rfsp. Pink. Sir, as you pleafe. You know it is not

an ohjeS of any confequence. But, Sir, wbat I

have done myfclf the honour of waiting on you

for^ is, only to beg the favour of you. Sir, to

cbocfe which you pleafe of thefe two fwords.

Arfin. , They are both good, I ajure you. Sir, and as

fairly matched, as I could. If my judgment deferves
any regard, you need not hefitate k>ng. Either of
them is very ft for a gentleman to be r/i» through
^ith.

Surtr! Ix)ngh# Sir, I don't underhand you.

Kmp, Pink, O, Sir, I wonder sit that. The diing

is ,not hard to be underftood. It is no more than
this. Sir, that if a gentleman promifes z^ lady m^ir-

riage.

L E S SO N S. 317

r/jf^,«d;cfpcciall7, ifhcjlxes the day, znd /ails
oiferforming his contrary the relations of the lady^
(whofe charaBiTi zxA fortune in life are injured hy
h, you knowj Sir,) generally diink it proper to
commence a projecutim againft the gentleman 1
and the law gives, in chofe cafes, heavy damages.
My father had thoughts of /fv/J?r«/i;rf you. Sir,
as he wrote you. But as law is tedious^ we
chbfe rather. Sir, upon /^d^v// thoughts, to vin-
dicate the bonotr of otu* family \n a mbrc expe-
ditious way. Therefore, if yoti pleafc. Sir, I will
endeavour to whip you through the lungs in the
neatefi manner now praftifed in the army. And I
offer you your choice of one of thcfe tvfo /words
to defend yourfelf with. This; you muft own;
Sir, is treating you genteelly. For, you know, I
could n/» 70U ' through the body »Mier, without
giving you the opportunity of defending' jourMf.
•— Plealc, Sir, to make your choice.

Lon^. Sir, your humbli/ervant. Ifhallmake Rkpus,
no/uch choice, I ajfure you.

Pink. Sir— you mujl, if you jHczCc, Jlght me. ^i»f-
You Ihall have /air play, upon my honour.
' L.ongh. Sir, I have nothing to /ay to you. Repus.
*£Going.] Sir, your bumble /ervant.
* Pink. O dear Sir, [ftopping him] ygu muft Res p.
excu/e me for flopping you. But you and I arc
not to part, till one or Mother drops, I ajfure you,
Sir. - i ..

Longh.

/

318 h E SiS;0 N 9^

hongfx, Mercy, oa V? I Wa» cvei;,,fiiidb «

Pink.- Sir, I really h^ve a little iiipntfj^ fjpofi

npyh^qds^ fo^«Jl fl^HQ;*>^ yowwitt |^Q|»
leave tp ri^;? you tbrougb 9%Jm as piffikk^- . - . .

Refu^- U^H. But I don't imei>4 tbaf; jou Avail

ruu tw tbrougb at W/. Fori will h^ve m^m^ $q
Jay to you^

Risf. Piplf. j(f ypu ineaOi Sir^i tliat you vtoxHi jf^

tnc> I v^vSi dp myfclf the booouc of telliog- pi;^
that you are ia a^^ttle af^oi^ Sk. For the

F..VFL. iTT^^r of fuch things litbis^ §ir«, Firft^ z^pftlm^

happens tp aJr^U. anotber fMtUmn or a/uR(i£|ri
2isyoM have done 0i(rJ| Sir« Ncfp:> the gfi^IfffiMff
affronted^ or >nir fne of ^.fimifyit P order .»
vindicaH their bonour^ ciballcng^ ^/^tf^ ^^^^*^>
the gentlenfan who did the liywy> a» I bayc
done jroir. Sir. Then the genllccnan v^o di4 the
^W^y perhaps, rifuj^^ Xofigbt. Thfi other pTQr
cecds to uke the rcgMlur cfurje of ^^49<i>^^ ^count-
ing on his fingers] brutfing^ kickint^ cji0n^'9 fuUhig
by Jlie ??^^ ^nd eqrf^ roi^ftg in the >©r>, and.^Mtf nrjf
on hinr), till the h-edth be (airly m(/ of hia k^
and there is an Cf^d of i^/i^i^j and of the yM4fni,
you know. Or if the gentleman^ who happened
CO do the injury^ Vf\\[jight^ which* tQ be (iicVj i*
doing the thing genteelly, you know ; why theib
cne, or i'otber is decently run fbrougb the hq^Hi
and there is an end of the maiter anotber tegfj

L ^ & S^ O N 3. 319

yoyJuiow* Naw»i9r» grAli fee pUinly^ thi( my ^^'^ •
fnteecdingfr am rignlar^ and gnHemaf^iiki^m^
fmUiMum^liki^ayiihUiiy. .So, Sir^ .^jr^^ more,
)uid faut M^^ mor^^'will you be pAeaicd tojutept
oiomot i' other , of thcfc two/words f \

LongluJVi^/, truly. .' ^ .li.i i Ripw

' Purft. Whyth^>Sir,theii|A/4r^i«^ Risp.

you knows is to €mi$ you> which I huotUj^t beg .
hnwjxyfrneeJ to accorJingfy. [Caries Jftim;}^
' LoQ^i«* Akt-''^J^»^J ; . '. CoMPL.

- Fihki Theoy Sir, the mxt^p^nskm k eujhig Rest.
[ — noji kin wrong • kioimg is riiext. [Ki^k^ bim;^

Longh. /foW, boU. U the ^/— / in you ? Oh I Comf u
I am bruijed all w^ / .

Piok. Sir> I ajkjbix ptrdtny if I hzvt offended Risp*
you ; I cUd 091 me^in ii;^ J, ;^nipe yoj^ , §ir. • All
I want, is to vin4ifafe tj^ honour of our family.
If you hzd fulfilled your contra^, you had^tfr^J
jRWiA^tbis /r^itf/5; JkAOffcliam n^%fre£kd Hait».
i«r.^<i tbftrsfowmiift t4kc tb* lib<?ity 1^ pro-
ceeding, as ixpeditioufly 2ApoJJible, to Jibe remaining
oferations of i-i{^»f you, pulling you by the ^^/ir
Mitf Irarx^iroUing yoa ili the iir/» Mdjfliiiipifig tie
ii^9tf>i^ out ofywxfio^i* Come; Sirs if fM pleam* Rs»r»
•' hafifjti.'thtd hUttUi fray. --'Qh I -^tvfy hones Int&.
vehfmjifdw jelly. -^In^tbcrt no way ei som f omd '^ Coun.
ing thU ^;|Sr«r but^y iho^ tnd*m^rdef. t y „'• . • ^>''<'^*
-* PMu\Oyeis Slp« Yoii^iateoDly to/«$$2youf Rasp.

..*..k; Lpngh^

*^-

■-V

3^0

Disrr.'

RtLVC*

RSSF.

Joy.
Com PL A IS.

IinriTv

L E S SONS.

Ldrigb. [ATide.] Vfhvikcducemu&ldoi'^
I had better be cu^kolded^ I believe^ than trod to

deaths— \To him] I am willing 1 amfPi/Zni;

— xo perform die contraff.-^Oh ! my poor bmei!
Ob!

Pink. Sir, you arc a gentleman every inch of
you. I am very glad to find you are cooie fo a
ri^t Haqrof thinking, luifitre you. Sir, there is
no ftan Mihcworldj for whom I have a frrnT^
regard, nor whom I ihould ralier wittk to. have
ibr a brotber-'in-law. Come, Sir^ tht ftrerHoty
JbaU be performed immediaulj. ££munt.]

AroL.

H -

Lxxvn:

■• , 4. -

WAkKiKo.' Blaming, Coiiicekdation.

■ » • t» • • •

iNSTRUCTIOKr

• J

The fubftance of Ifoorace&'s Areopagttio ortckNi^
which is celebrated by Dion. Halicam. iTom.
ILp.*40» \ . i

- ' • ^

I DOUBT noty Atheniaiia, but many of you
will wonder what ihould ^cite me .to addrefi
you upon public affairs/ as if the itate^were in
immcitiate danger^ whilftj vcxyou, we feem to be ia
p^rfeSt faftty, a general p^'^c^ prevailing^ tnd tht
commonwealth fecured by formidable /^^^ and
armiei^ and ftre^gthcocd by powerful ailks^ and
.J iributarj

1 E $ S d M S. 321

.1. •

trihuiaryftatesy to fupport the public expenceSyZnd
co-operate with us in w^ry emergency. All which
circumftances fceming to be in our favour ^ I fup- TRxvMPtt4
pofe moft of thofe who now hear me, imagine we
have nothing to do but congratulate oiirfelves on our
bapfine/Sy and enjoy ourfelve#in pedce j and that
it is only our enemies who have any thing to fear.
I therefore take for granted, Athenians,' you do, Cont#
in your own minds, defpife my attempt to alarm>
you J and that, in your //«/7^/;/i?//c»j, you already Pride.
I^r^j/J^ the empire of all Greece. But WiJ^^/ would Alarki*
you thinky my countrymen, if I (hould tell you,
it is on account of the feemingly favourable cir-
curnftances I have mentioned, that I am appre^
benfive. My obferVaCion has prefented me fo
many inftances of ftates, '>Vhich at the very time
they feemed to be at the height q( ptofperity^ were
in faft upon the brink of ruin ; thit I cannot
help being alarmed at xhtfecutity in Which I fee
my country at prefent funk. When a nation is
puffed up with an opinion of her own ftrengib
zndfafetyy it is then that her toUnfels are likely*
to be rafti and imprudent^ aftd their confequencei
fatal. The condition of kingdoms, as of indivi-
duals, is variable. Permanent tranquillity Mfel- CAUt*
dom ktn in this world. And with circumftances,
the conduit both of individuals and df nations, is Ik^t^
commonly fcen to change. Profperity generally
produces arrogance, rajhnefs, and folly. Want
and diftrefs naturally fuggeft prudent and moderate

Y refolutionst

. -"^

^22

LESSONS.

re/ohtions. Therefore It is not (b eajy^ as at firll
▼iew it may feetHy to de^rmine^ wbifh cmdition
is^ for the putpoCe o(r€al h^ppinefs, the msfi to be
4ejtrcd for individuals ^ or^ with a view to national
profperity, which Jtate one Ihould wijb pukUc aff
fairs to be in during his omn Ufc^ Zfx^ tb^t of liif
ihildren^ whether of ipcrk& JuperimJ^ to dangir
ai\d fear J or of fircumftances requii:ing (foutUn^
frugality y an() attention. For /ib4f (tm4ition$
which is molt defired by m9nkia4> ^ meain of pcr<p
fc£tpro/perity^ generally brinigs with it the eaijfef
and th^ fore-runners of mitfortunei whijlft mrit
r^ze;^ circumftances CQmmooly lead on to eear^^
prudence^ zx^fafety. Of the truth pf thi^ ol(fffVf^
tiony better proofs cannot be 4^r^ than itmft
which the b^fories of our ^^9 commoowealth 9pd

jg^^ of Laced^mqn furnilh. Was not the taAMfj <)(

pur city by the barbarians, the vpry f^ij/Sr fif

cur j'Pplyin^ with fuch diligence^ tp the arts pf

ir'*^' ii^ifT and government, as fet us at die hc^d o(

Greece? But when our fucce/s agaipft our enemies

AppRBir. rnjid us into the imagination, that our power ffvi

urftgnquerable, we foon found ouiielvea 09 dK

Arc. verge o( dejiruilion. The luiced^moM^s, hkfi^

wife, from inhabiting a few obfcure tQwnSi came^
through a diligent attention to th^ tUfUt^ ort^ tQ

CowT. . conquer Telqpofinefus. And upon t^i?, WX^fi^

their power, by fca ai^i land^ they weisp iom
puffed Up to fuch a height oi pride jaftd /o/^* ^^
brought /i»^w into the /a;ar dangers^ whid) W9

had

. r-

LESSONS. 323

had run into. Whoever attends to thefe particu- Arc.

lars^ and yet thinks our commonwealth in ^J0f€

/condition, muft be extremely thougbtlefs % efpeci-

ally as our affairs arc now in a wor/e ftate than at App&Btf«

the period I refer to j for we have both the envy

of the other fiat es o( Greece, and the boftility of the

king o( Perjia xofear.

When I confider thefe things, I am in doubt^ Blams.
whether I fliould conclude that you have lofi all
care for the public fafety ; or that you are not in^
different, but wholly ignorant of the prefent dan- Cont.
jfrr^xibtte of our affairs. May it not be faid. Alarm,
that we have kfi the cities of Tihrace ; that we
hsLVt/quandered above a thou/and talents iti mili-
jiary pay^ by which we have gained nothing ; thac
se hsve drawn upon owfelves ihtjufpicion of the
atbir fiatis of Greece, and the enmity of the bar^-
harous king^i and that we are neceflitated to
^oke the fide of the Tbebans, and have lofi our
mmtL natural allies ? And for thefe fignal advan-- Blams.
Aijpftf we have twice appointed public tbank/giv^
ings to the gods i and fhew, in our deliberations^
die tranquillity, which could only be proper, if all
ware in perfeS fafety. N<m- is it to be wondered,
Am we fall into wrong meafures, and confe-
€fuictit misfortunes. Norhmg ia^to be expelled to Jnstr.
go right in a ftate, unlefs its governors know
horn bf prudence znd fagacity, to confult the ge-
neral advantage. Fortune may^ oeca/hnally, bring

Y a partial

• Of Pcrfia,

i

2H LESSONS.

partial fuccefs, and temporary profpcrity: }MC

fii^AMi. upon this there can be no dependence. . When the
-CQixioiwd of all Greece fell into our hands> ki
• ^i confequence of the naval viftory gained by Conon

.and Timotheus, we could not keep what we were
\ti aSual pojfeffion of. The very ccnftitution Jsi
our commonwealth is gone wrong, and we have
not the leaji thought of entering upon ways and

Instr. means .to fet it right; whilft we all know that it

is not the furrounding of a city with high and
Jirong wallsy npr aflembling together a multitude
t^ of people that makes a great zxA flouriftnng ftate,
but wbolefpme laws, a wife police, and z faithful
adminiftration,

Disx RE. How much therefore, U it to be wifiied^ diat die

commonwealth could be brought back to the
condition in which .the v)ife legislation of Solon
placed it (than whom no one ever h^d the. good of
the people more at heart) and to which Clifthewei
reft or ed it, when enflaved by the thirty tyrant%
whom he expelled i re-eftablijhing the common-
wealth in the hands of the people, according to

Instr* the original conftitution. It \^ notorious, that in

t\\t^ happier times, when the republic was adminif-
lered according to the original cpnftitution, there

Bl A M |. was not, as fince, a nominal liberty, with a real ty^

ranny j but that the people were accuftomed to
other principles^ than thofc, which now lead them
to confider democracy as the fame with anarchy,
liberty, with licentioufnefs\ and that their hafpinefs

confilb

N

L ESS ON s; 3^5

confifts in the unpunijhed violation of the laws.' In Comw^nd:'

!lbofe times y the equal diftribution of juftice^ which

prevailed, . brought adequate funijhment lipori

fhofe who defer ved it, and conferred the* diMtbo^ ' -

jiours upon fuch as h^d earned them by their

wrtue. Preferment^ to ftations o( power and trufy B l a m.

was not, in tho/e days^ open to atl promifcuoujly.

^heyy who appeared to the piiblic to have the heft Comm.

€laim by merit and charaSier^ obtained ihcm. For

they wifely confidered, that to promote to high

fiations men of fuperior eminence for virtue^ was ^

the likclieft means to excite a general ernulation

among perfons of all ranks, even to thfc lowejl; as Instr.

the people are conftantly obferVed to form their

manners upon the model of their Juperioi^s. In-

ftead of the public treajures plundered^to fill the Blam.

coflfers oi private perfons ; it was common to fee

large f urns oSprivate wealth voluntarily contributed Co m m •

for defraying the public expence: In thoje tlmey,

the dijiculty^was^ to prevail with the'peffons q'uali*

^^ for filling important ftations, to'affkme')^ttn :

whereas in our days] all are afpiring to preferment^ Blam.

worti>y and unworthy^ qualified dinA unqualified. In

tbofe times, they, who refu/edy vftrc rhe nrioff/t?//- Comm.

cited w ^KMme high ftations ; as it ^2iS- confidei-ed

thzt merit is' commonly diffident o( it/elf . In our Blam,

days, they, who elbow others , and thrufi them/elves

forward^ obtain the moft readily y what they, by

this very conduSly fhew themfclves the moft uiiwor^ Cont.

fby bf. Our anceftors did not look upon a 'place' CoNm.

y ^ Qf

i

326 LESSONS.

CoNT. of authority as an emolument i but as a charge: the

fucxeifor did not enquire what hb prcdeceiifor had
gained while he held his employment i but whac

CoMM. he had left undone ^ that the d^eien^ might be

Supplied as foon as poflible. They held it proper,
diat the adminiftration fhould be trufted to
thofe who had the mefi xoUJe^ in cafe of a flib^
verfion of the ftace ; but fo, that iro riches^ of
power ^oxAAJereen any perfon from an enquiry iti-^
to his conduS^ nor from Jufftring adequate fumfiiH
ment in cafe of delinquent. The rich thoiiglil
extreme poverty in the lower people a r^h^m
upon them, as having fealed in their patremago
of tjiem; and the ^et^ far from envying tho
wealth of their Juperiorsy rejoiced in it , confidcMf^
ing the power of the rkh as their proteOion. Sctb*
ilble of the fupreme importance of right education
toward the happinefs of a ftate, they bellowed the
Jlri&eft attention upon forming the manners of the
youths to nwdeftyy truths valour ^ and love of their
country. Nor did they think it fufficient to by
a foundation of good principles in the minds <^
young people, and leave them after they were
grown upy to aS as they p leafed: on the con^
irary^ the manners of adult perjons were ntore
ftri^y infpe^ed than thofe of the youth i and
the general cenjorjbip was vefted in this very cofutt
of Areopagus^ of which none could . be members^
but perfons eminent for their hirth^ and their
virtues i fo tha( it is not to be wondered, that this

4 court

>

LESSONS. 3*7

cpm'thmc at that time, a thmrBSer Jupmvr. ti) tliac
of all the 9thn councils of Gnectm

It is from ignorance that tbcy fpeak, virho Contw
nvould perfuade us thtt there is mtbing m^e ne-
ce0ary toward making a ftate great and hapf^y,
duo a body of gaoJ laws. The laws by which
our eommonwealdi was governed in her mofi
0ouri(hing times, were known to i?// the ether RticoN.
^iv/^/ di Greece, and they might ^i^/ as jjr^jr
of them as they plca/eJ. But were aU the ^/^b^

^ates of Greece was tfipr of them — upon as

(tuhantageons a foci as the Athenian republic ?
What /iti^ tefids to the eflablifbment of a ftate, Ivstk.
is a police founded in habitual modejly, temperance,
integrity, valour y znApatriotifm^ The general pre^
valence of tfaefe difpoficions in a people is not
brought about by laws ot/anSions, but by educa--
tkn, example, and a judicious en&tum of the dif^
cretienaty power, which is, arid ought to be, in the
hfemds of magiftratesj whereby they discountenance
vice, without diredly puni/hing it, and draw $

the fubjefts into that voluntary reSitude of beha«
"viour, which force will never produce. Laws CovTm
heaped upon laws, ^nd/an£fions added to /anC"
tions, Ibew an unruly zxAperver/e difpofition in the
people^ who would not otberwi/e require fixch
various terrors to reftrain them. Th* Jagaeitj Comm.
of governors appears in their (hewing, that they
have the addrefs to plant their laws in tbs
Ifcctrti of a tr^Oable and obedient peofde, The

X ^ rooft

328 L E S S O N B.

Ikstr. moft tremendous fanHions will be incurred by

men of ungovernable dijpofttions ; but thofe, whofc
minds have received, from education and good
police^ a proper bentj will behave well^ dioiigh left
to them/elves. The bufinefs therefore is not iq
much to find ways ofpunijhing offenders^ as to form
the minds of the people fo, that they fhall have no
difpofttion to offend.

SuLF-pEF. I hope no Athenian, who hear$ me this day,

will fhew fuch malice as to accufe me of attempt* •

Apol, iog to promote innovations. To adviie, that we

fhould return to the inflitutions of our anceftors^
is, furely, a very different matter from pro-
pofing innovations. ' And to propofe the re-
cftablifhment of thofe arts of government, which
we know to have been judicious y from their pro-
ducing the moft defirable effeSSj \sfar enough from

Alarm. Ihewing a love of novelty. Experience may teach

us, if we be difpofed to learn^ what we have to
expe£iy if we go on in the track we are now in ; and

Encou. what the confequences will be, if we rejlore the com-

monwealth to the condition in which our wife anccf^

Intr. tors ejiablifhed znA maintained \t. Let us attend

to the effeSls which our conduft will have upon
thofe .lie art moft concerned mth, viz, the other
fiates of Greece our rivals, and the Perfians our

Repr. enemies. The truth is too notorious to be diffem^-

bled: we have, by our mifconduSfy and negleS of
the public concerns, brought matters to fuch a pafs,
tjiat part of the rival ftates defpife, and part hate

USf

L ESS ON S. 32^

m. And, as for the P^r^/wr monarch, we have*
bisjentiinents of us in his letters.
' I have in ferfeS finceritj declared to you, Apol.
Athenians, as far as my judgment reaches, the'
precarious ftate of the commonwealth at prejent 5
with its caufes and cure. You will fhew your Advw. -
wifdtm and your patriotifm, by taking into your
Jerious amjideration thefe important otjelfs ; and
fetdng yourfelves with /peed and diligence to find
out J and carry into execution the mo& proper and
effeSual means of redreffing thofe evih^ which'
otberwi/e will draw after them the moft ruinous Alaric

con/equences.

• . . . » .

LXXVIII.

Blunt Reproof, Warning. Offering

• • » .' - ' .

Friendship.

The fpeech of the Scythian embaffadors to Alex*
ander, who was preparing war againft them*
[^. Curt, xii.]

IF your per/on wer^ as gigantic as your defireSy Rbsp,
the world would not contain you. YourWfi/
hand would touch the eaft^ and your /^/ the weft^
at defame time. You ^rtf/5^ ztmore than you arc
ej«/z/ to. From Europe you r^^^A to y^<? ; from
JJia you /^j ^^W on' Europe. And if you fhould
^onquer all mankind^ you feem difpofcd to wage

' wa^

330 LESSONS.

war with woods and Jmws^ whh rivirs and wtM

•e^AHN. ^^4/?^, and to attempt lojuhdui natun^ But havf

you confidered the ufual ^mt/;^ of ibings f Htfire
you receded th^t gnat trees are many yesrs %
growng to their height^ and are cut down ia Vk

QpvTs hour^ ItisfooliAi to think of xht fruii onfy^

without coniidering the beigf^t you have to fJimi^

^ARN . to come at it« Take care^ left, while you ftriiHt

to reach the top^ you fall to the^^^J with- tbtf
brancbos you have kid bold on. The Ikn^ whea
diod^ \%diVouridbj ravens I and ruft ^mfiOou dkt
bardnifs oik-Mf There is nothing fo^^)«^ b«t
it is in danger frono what is weak^ It will, dicrc*'
fore be your 'Vfifdofn to take care how you ven«

Remon. turp beyond your reafb^ Befides^ what havt

you to do with the S^tbhnsy of the Stytbians with

yoi( ? We have never invaded Macedon : why

fiiiovAdyou attack Sgtbidf We inhabit ^ii/ J!?-

7Jrr/j, zn<difatblejs ^odds, vl/hcft \re do not want to

CovR. hear of the namf pf Alexander ^ We are not dif-

pofed to fubmit to Jlavfty i apd we have no am*
bition to tyrannize over aty nation^ That you
fnay undcrftand t^e ^^w pf the Scythians^ ^C
prefent yeu with ^ yoke of ^tfir^^' an arrow^ and 4
l^^/r/. We ufe thefe r^pe&ivoly in our c<wi-
merce with frUnd^ and with /^/, We give tQ
o\xv friends the ^^m which we raife by the l^ibour
o( our i)ken. With the goblet we join with tbem
in pouring drink-offerings to the gods s and with
ofriws we ^ctack our enemies^ We have rM-

L E S S O N S* 331

^ufnd diofe who have attempted to ryranmae 6vet
lis in our own cauniry^ and likewife the king^ of
Mie Mides and Perfiansy when they, made mgi^t
fVi^ upon u$) and we have opened to ourfdvM
^ wsy into Bgypt^ You pretetni to t^e the^i^^^r Accvi.
ofrciters ; and are ywrjtlf the general robh^r Of
monland. You have taken l^yiiat you havi^
fetnd^ym.' you aremafterof^^tf; you h<^
fubdued the Baetriansi and attacked /MBhr. ^//
AM/ will tiot/ahsfy you, unlefs you lay youf gr^edf
and infiOiable hands upon owfl^eks mi our M*^.
How imprudent is ypuf cenduBlf Yoq j9^^ at Rimqw,
fiV^ATy die pofitflion of which oply increajts ytM^
enarke^ , You iflcr^afe your hui^er by wha(
fliould produce^/^/)^) fo that the mote you have^
the a»^rr you i^r^. But have you forgotten hovdf'
, long the cmquifi of the BnSfrians detained yoit ^
While you were Jubdnin^ tl^m% the Stfgdlafi^ rcr
volted. Your viHofies ferve if^ ^A^r purpefei
than to find you employment bjr producmg ^rar
ix;«/'A For the hufinejs of every em^u0 is ^*f^- Ikst*.
ybA/; to i<?i« and to ptejerve. And though yoq War v.
may be the p'eatefi of ix^atriors^ you muft ^x;^^
that the nations yoU conquer^ will endeavour to
fhake off thej^i^^ a^/^/ as pojjible. For ttfit^
people chooles to be vhder foreign dominion f If Cov%.
you will CrOfs the TanaiSf you may travel over
Seytbia^ and obfervo hoiM Menfive a territory we
inhabit. But to conquer us is quite another \nA*
i^els. Youf army is /^ifi/ with the cumbrout Wa»k.

^7x

332

Threa.

Kemoh.

Adv,

Wark.

Rbpr,

CONT.

Adv.

J^PPR.

Of?.

Friend

I^'STR.

J , . . .• k

LESSONS.

Jpoils of many nations. You will find xht poverty
of tjic Scythians at one time, too nimble for youf
fur/uit', and, at another time, when you think wc
zxt fled far enough (rovn you, you will have us^kr*
prije you in your camp. For the Scythians >a//tfri
with no lejs vigour than they fly. Why Ihould
we put you in nnind of the vaftne/s of the country
you will have to conquer ? The dcfcrts of Scytbia
are commonly talked of in Greece-^ and all the tc/^r/^
knows that our. delight is to dwell at large^ and
not .in towm or plantations. It will therefore be
your wijdom to keep^ with ftridb attention^ what
you have gained. Catching at w^r^, you may /g/ir
what you have. We have a proverbial faying in
Scythia, *^ That Fortune has no feet j and is fur^
*5 niftied pnly with hands, to diftribute her caprici^
^f ous favours, and with jfii;/ to elude the |t^ of
" thofe to whom (he has. been huntifuK^ You
give yourfelf out to be a gody the fon of Jupiter
Hammon. Jt fuits the charader of a god to be^
flow favours on mortaU, not to deprive them of
what they have. But, if you are no god, refleft on
the precarious condition of humanity. You will
thus Ihcw more wifdom than by dwelling on thofe
fubje&s . which have puffed up your pride ^ and
jpade yoM forget yourfelf. You fee how /////i? you
are likely to gain by attempting the conquefl of
Scythia. On the c/i&^r hand, you may, if you
plcafe, have in us a valuable alliance. We com-'
mand the borders of both Europe and /Ifia. I'here

LESSONS. j^^

is ftoibing between us and Baltria but the river
Tanais*, and our territory extends to Thrace,
which, as we have heard, borders on Macedon. If
you decline attacking us in a hojiile manner, you Off.
iTuy have our friendjhip. Nations, which have
never been at war, are on an equal footings But Warn.
it is in vain that confidence is repoied in a con^
quered people. There can be no fincere friendjhip
between the ofprtjfors and the opprejfed. Even
in peace, the latter think themfclves entitled to
the rights of 'Xar againft the former. Wc will. Off.
if you think good,;eoter into a treaty with you,
according to our manner, which is, not hy figning,
fealing, and taking the gods to witnefs, as is the
Grecian cuftom ; but by doing aSual fervices.
The Scythians are not ufed to promife, but to per^ Blukt.
form without promifing. And they think an op-
peal to the gods Juperfluous j for that thofe who
have no regard for the efteem of men, will not
,befitate xo offend tht gcds hy perjury. You may Adv.
therefore confider with yourfelf, whether you had
better have a people oi fucb a chara^er (and/(?
fituated, as to have it in their power either tojerve
you, or to ^^^r^jy you, according as you treat
them) for ^//w, or for enemies.

LXXlX.

^^ L £ S S O N 1

LXXlX*

Chiding^ Lambntatiok. Thrbatxninc*
Refusal. Reluctant CdiiTLiAKCB^

£Sc? Mhiiir/s L'AVAitE.^

OuTCET. Saapely. cfHIZVES ! BMhen I Tbievis t R9^

hers i flidvej I RMtrs i fi-aiiirs I
Lambk. Mmrdenrs! Jufiusl Hflpl iMmniMI I mi

miuid! Izmdiodll am imidt Omf mo^^iiqr

mtnujf My guineas! My goldeu guimH I Mffhmh

Jand guineas I My precious tria/ur$l fAyccuffitri!

My Jufpcrt! My life! My aU'ngmu^fbaubr§^

Ext R. robbed y carried offy fircng box apd siH O thiRl Ih^jI

Smtr.. never hctn born ! O thsit tht earth wovid ofm, emA

/wallow me up alive ! [Throws hinr^lf ^own fm

the ftoor. Lies fomc time, aa ihipifiei) with the ftO.

Then gathers himfrlfupO Obt oh! oh) Who

has done this ? HH^o has robbed vc^ i ff^b^ hmgot

my money ? IVbere is the ihief? the murdortr, fhp

traitor 'f Where (hall I go to/;ri^ him? Whwi fliatt

1/earch ? h'l^ere fhall I notjearch ? Is he gone this

OvTCRr, t«^^ ? [Running to the right.] Is he gone that

way ? [Running the contrary way.] Stop tbief^
Ropthie/y flop thief. Here is ncbody. Arc they
mU gone out of the houfe ? They have robbed me,

and

LESSONS. 335

aod «« all gone of. My /cfiy my daughter^ mf
firvdHU, are ^ // concerned i they have confpired to-
gether to r»/>r nvc.-^Hib, [Liftcning] what do List.
you^jy ^ h he ^oir^i^/ .^ Villain! [Catching him- Sei2.
fclf.] J Atfv< you.— Jlas, I have ftfag^i/ iPrjySf^T* Lamiit.
I am going out of my fen/es ; and that is not to

be wondered at. 1 will go to a magiftrate. I

will have every body examined that ever was in my Distr.
houje. I will have half the town imfrifonedj tried^
f nd banged I and if I cannot^ widi all tbis, recover
jny money, 1 will i>/Mrj ^J^lf* ' • [Exit.}

Returns with Juftice NofewelU
Juft. NofewelK Let me alone. I know what
I have to do, rU warrant you. This is not the Affect^
firfi piece of roguery I have found out. If I had "^*
but a purfe of ten guineas for tvtryfelkw I have
been the banging of, there are not many of his
MiQefty's Jujtiees of the /Mi-^^ would carry dieir
pleads bigber. There were, you fay, in your

firong^box? Quest,

Scr, A tbou/and guineas well fold.

No(c. K tbaufand guineas ! K large fum. I-am-

« Scr. A tboufand guineas ef ;^A/, Hoo, boo, Wono.

iki/ [Weeps.] Wbefiuc.
. Nofe. Hvt you Mfju^cion o( my particular

ferjmi • Qvest.

Scr. Yes, I fuipeft every body.

Nele. Your bcft way, Sir, will be, to keep very Lam.

quiitj an^ TiOLV^/eem H^/ufpelt any one, till you Atr,

can ^*'^-

336

L E S S 6 ]^ S;

can l(^ bold of fome proofy or prefumption X IcSrffc
Then you oiay proceed to the rigour of Ac la^:
[While they are talking without the door of
Scrapely's houfe, James, the cook, comes out,
and fpeaks with his face from them, leaving <U-
rcdkions with the fcullion boy. ]

DiREc. James. You underftand me. Jack. I ihallbe

ia^k prejently. Kill him dire£lly^ Put him \n
toiling water. Scrape him, and bang him up.

j^^Q^ Scr. What, the rogue who has robbed me?

Do bang him, drown him, hum him, flay him
alive.

SuBM. James. I mean a pig^ Sir, that is come from

Mr. Rackum, your honour's worihip's^rsc^^r^ id
the country.

Axe, S^^* -Pfff ^^ ^^pig^j Sir. I have otberxhin^

to think of than pigs, — Tou may be the rogue for
what / know of. A cock may carry off ^firomg^

Imtr. box as foon as another man. Examine him, fray^

good Mr. Juftice NofewelL

Affect. Nofc. Don\/rigbten yourfelf, friend. I am

WisD. not a man who loves to blaze things abroad.

SuBM. James. Sir, your honour, I a(k your honour'^

pardon j I am a little bard of hearingy your ho-
nour. Often hoty and often coldy your honour.
Your honour's worfhip Jups this evening ¥ritb
my mailer's honour's worship, I fuppofe, and
your honour's worfhip would, mayhap, fike to
have a little plate of foaicching iojfed up to you^

honour's

L E S S O NT S. 337

honour's worihip's liking, mayhap. If your Flat.
honour's worfliip pleafes to let mc know what
your honour's worftiip fancies, I will do my bcft
to pleqfe your honour*s worfliip.

Nofew. Noy no, my bufuiefs with you is quite Aff.
einoiher matter. Friend, it will be your wijdom, '^°'
not to conceal any thing from your tHafter*. It
will be the better for you.

James. Sir, your honour, I ajfure your ho- Flat.
nour's worfliip, I will do my very beft to fleaje
your honour's worfliip upon my honour. If there
is a better way than another^ I will uje it, as far
ds I have minterials and ingratitudes. 1 wifli my Dis.
mafl^r's honour's worfliip would go to the ex-
pence of a few morrels and truffles, and a little
right Eaft India catchup. There^s your high jfe- Flat-
wur, your honour. And our niggardly /^wtfr^/, Ace us.
hang him, downright j^^iV/ my mafl:er's honour's
worfliip. I could engage to fend up as pretty a Flat.
little collation, as your honour's worfliip could
mfh to /it down to, if that narrow^hear ted foul. Ace us.
Rackum, our Jleward, did not clip my wings with
tht /cijars of his niggardline/s.

Scr. Hold your tongue, you fcoundrel. We Anc.
don't want to hear your non/enfe about eating.
Hold your tongue, and an/wer to the quejlions,
which Juftice Nofewell is going to put to you
about the money ^ I have loft, and which I fuppofc
ym have tahn.

Z James.

anx.

Sblf-

Det.

Afp.

WiSD.

338 LESSONS,

SuRPR. James, /take your honour's vforfhip' s mcney^

Sir! Mercy defend me from thinking oi Jucb z

Self- thing I I did not fo much as know^ that your

^^^' honour's worlhip had loft any money.

Threat. Scr. TeSy you roguey Wizst loft money y and Til

have you and twenty others^ hang'd^ if I don't
recover it.

James. Mercy defend me^ your honour. Why
ihould your honour's worlhip fufpcft me of fuch
a thing ? Did your honour's worfhip ever know
me rolf your honour's worlhip of a farthing, or a
farthing* s worth ?

Nofew. Holdy Mr. Scrapely. There is no
need offcolding. My clerk fliall adminiftcr to

DiR. him the oath. Here, Mr. LongfcroU, adminifter

the oath to this man. Not the common oath. No
body minds kifling the ^^oi now-a-days. Give
him the great oath. [Clerk comes forward.]

y^pp^ Clerk. Fall down on your knees before his

AuTH. worft)ip, and/^y after me. [James kneels before

AuTH. ^^^ Juftice, in great trepidation.] May the d — /•

Fear. James. May the ^/— /.

AuTH. Clerk. The great d-^L

Trem. James. Tht gre^e—e—at d—L

AuTH. Clerk. The great d—l of d—ls.

Terr. James. The ^;v— ^~^— ^?/ d—lo( d—ls.

AuTH. Clerk. Widi h\s great iron claws.

Fright. James. With his gre-e — e — at iron — Jh !

Intr. Mercy defend me, your noble honour's worlhip, I

'' am

LESSONS. 339

• tmfrigbtened out of my wits! I can't fay any more
bfthis dreadful oath. I expeft the d—l to come
Up through the ground before my very no/e in a
minute. I'll tell your honour's worfhip all the
whole truth without the oathy if your honour's
worfhip will but give me a little time to fetch
breath.

Nofew. Rife then, James. Don't frighten Aff.
yourfelf 5 but frankly confefs thtfoul fall like an Wisb.
honeft chrijlian. [To Scrapely.] I knew he would
not trifle with the great oath. We ftiall have a
full confiffion prefently.

James. Why then — why then- 1 confefs Silf-

thefoul h6^ frankly y and like an honeft chriftian, ^*^'
that I do not know, who has taken my matter's
worfhip's money, no more than the child that was
unborn forty years agOy as I am zftnner to hefaved
for ever and ever and amen.

Nofew. O that won't do. James. You muft ^^^-
kneel down again, and take all the whole great
Oathi And, if you won't give up the truth, my Thr.
clerk fliall write your mittimus to prif on, James.

James. O mercy defend me ! O your noble Fright.
honour's worjhip, have mercy on a poor barmlefs
criminal, that is as innocent o( the faff he is con- Self-
viffed of, as your honour's worfhip, or your ^^^^
honour's worfhip's clerk, there where heftands.
If I ever Aofuch a thing again^ you worftiip fhall
bang me twenty times over. For I zmfure, I never
touched my matter's honour's worfhip's money, nor

Z s; any

340 LESSONS.

^ny man^s money ^ in all mjiorn days, in an un/aif
or unconfcUnable way^ faving your honour's war-
(hip's frejencty and my maftcr's honour's wor-
fliip's prefencCi and ....

Enter Smoothly^ leading in Mariana^ Scrapdy's

daughter.

SvBM. Smooth. Beboldi Sir, your^» and daughter

prefent themfelves to beg your fordojiy favour,

and bleffing^
Anc. Scr. My/on,{\(youhtvciyjGnyzTsATD^4augbier

may kang themfelves* That is all the hlifiu^
Lameit. I have to beftow on tbemy or wyjelf. O my ^^

ftrong^box I my hft guineas I O poor, ruined.
Weep. beggared old man ! Hoo, booj boo I [Weeps.]

SuB'M. Smooths SiF> if you pleafe to look upon our

union with a favourable eye, no uneaftnefs about
Prom. your ^rong- box need trouble your repofe. It ihall

\)^ fortb^coming immediately.
SuRPn. Scr- Wbai do you /jj ? My Jlrong^boxf

jq^^ With ^// that was /» // ^ The tboufand guiw^ i

The wA^/^ tboufand? Shall it be fortb-^oming't

If you make your tt;5r Jj ^^^ J, you fliall eat ftiy

daughter, if you pleafe, and my f on too.
SfLF- James. I /^/^ your honour's worlhip, I knew

nothing of your honour's worlhip's money.
De$. Scr^ /^i&^^ is my precious, precious treafure,

Joy. my life, my joy, my ^//?

Blam. Mar. Sir, your ttiireafonable anxiety about

S\^BM. w'^/^OV vvhich appears on the prefeU^ as on

4 maay

LESSONS. 341

Tuainy former accqfionsj in your lamentations about
what, to a man of ydur fortune^ are trifles y has
been the caufe of ^onftant anxiety^ to your/elf^ and
all yoMX family 9 and \i2& forced me upon what I am Apol.
afbamedoi. This worthy gentleman h2i%\onghsA 2l Grat-
regard for nic, mz^fife above my dejerving. He has Est.
always declared^ that he defired no fortune with mc
Your jtxcejffive fenuries denied me the decencies of Bla^«-
drejs fuitable to your daughter^ I thought snyfelf subm,
entitled to fome part of wluK you can i;^ w^>// Apol.
ffare^ I took the liberty of having your ftrong*
boxfeizedj that I might banxe wherewith lofumijb
myfelf fuitably to the daughter of a man offor^
tune, and the Mde of a man of fortune. His Est.
generous heart could j)Ot bear the thougbs of my
taking any thing from you^ which you did not
choofe to give me. He therefore /;j/j^j upon my
delivering you up t\\c firong^box^ if you require it.
But I am in bopes^ Sir, you will not only grant Int»,
me the trifling fum contained in it^ but allow me
^ fortune fuitable to yonr eftate, and to the gentle^
man\ who is fo kiud as to marry me without tl>e
pro/peit of oKy^

Scr. /3f^ife^^ muft I have it ? Can I make Peet.
money ? IVhere is my ftrong-box? If this gentle-^
man has married you without a fortune, let him
/t^^ you without 2l fortune. Where is my fir ong-^
box ? He cannot fay, I tv^v promifed him a/<?r*
fiW?f with you. Where is my fir ong-box ?

3+2 LESSONS.

Enter Mr. Sagely.

I

Dim. Sage. Mr. Scrapely, this gentlemany my nc-%

phew, has, in confequence of a long mutual
affeSioH between bim and your daughter j married
her this day. He has a fortune fuf^cient to maiu^
tainhx^ lady zxid family ^ without at^ addition by
marriage j and he deftres nothing with your daugbt
ten But as it is wellknown, you can afford to give
her a fortune y I infift upon it, though he is iir//^
ferent about the matter ^ that you ^fg^i this ^»/,
which is rtzdiy filled up^ for twenty thoufand pound^
which is much /{/> than you ought to |^iv^ with
your daughter to fuch ^fon-in-law.

Aft EC. Scr. Mr. Sagely I are you out of your wits ?

Mis.^'^' / twenty thoufand pound! Where Q\o\A6. 1 have

the, tenth part of twenty thoufand pound ?

Threat. Sage. Harkye, Mr. Scrapely, [takes him

afide] I know enough of your tricks, your fmug-^
glingy your extorticny and the like (you know, I
know enough of them) to hang you. If, there-
fore, you don't direSly ftgn this bond, I will go
and lay the informations againft you before the
proper perfons i fo that before you be a day older^
you may depend on hting fafe in cuftody.

Vexat. Scr. [Afide.] O d-l on him. He has me^

I feel the ncofe under my left ear already. [To
him.] Why, Mr. ly^^^/y, twenty thoufand pound \%
2i great fum. IIow (houl^ /raife twenty thoufand

Fear.
Mi

pound

?

\

DBF.

LESSONS. 343

foundl I believe I mighty with the help of Jome
friends y raife two thoufandi but ....

Sage. Will you Jign ^nd/eal direEIlyi or (hall Threat.
I go, and inform direEtly ? I afk you only this
once. [Going.]

Scr. Hold\ you arc ^ohajiy. Let me /r^ the Fear.
hond. [Afide.] I wifli I had you in z private place^ Madness.
znd2i knife at your throat i I'd fbon yp^/7 your Vexat.
informing. [To him.] I will^^« andfeal. But Comfl.
I know not where the money is to come from.

James. Now, Sir, I hope you are fatisfied Sel>.
I am entirely confcious of meddling witli your
honour's worfhip's money j that I am a confcion^
able man, and not fuch a rogue, as your honour's
worfhip [makes a long paufe] was pleafed to
take me for,

LXXX.

Dissuasion,

The wife advice of Charidemus, an Athenian
exile at the court of Darius, when he was
aflced his opinion of the event of the warlike
preparations making by Darius againft Alex-,
ander. [i^. Curt, L. III.]

ERHAPS your majefty may not bear the Apol.
truth from the mouth of a Grecian and an

*

<^/7?i and if I do not declare it now, I never will;

Z 4 perhaps

p

344

LESSONS.-

perhaps I may never have another apporinnUy*

Warn. Your majefty's numerous army, drawn from va^^

rious nations y and which impecpUs the e^ft^ may
kem formidable to the neighbouring countries. The

CoNT. goldy the purple, 2ind the /plendor o( arms, which

Jlrike the eyes o( beholders, make a ft^em, which
Jurpajfes the imagination of 4?//, whoi have not Jan

Alarm, it. The Macedonian army, with which your

majefly's forces are going to contendj is, oa the
contrary^ grim, and horrid of affpeO, and clad in

CoMM. i^(^^* 'I'he irrejiftible phalanx is a Ixxly of men;^

who^ in the fidd of battle^ /r^ no einfet, being
pradifed to bold together, man to iCMVj^ flrield to
Jhield, 2sAJpear to ^^^r, fo that a brazen wall
might 2is/oon be ^r^?^^ through. In advancing^ i^
wheeling to r/f i&/ or /^/, in attacking^ in «?^ «-
ercife of ^2r;wj, they aft as one man. They anfwer
thtjligbteji ftgn from the commander, as if Wi /(?«/
animated the te;,??^/<? ^r»?y. Every foldier has a
knowledge o^ war fufEcient for a general. And
/i^/j difcipline, by which the Macedonian army is
become io formidable ^ wasfrji ejlablijbed, and has

CoMT. been all along kept up, by a fixed contempt o(

what your majejifs troops are fo v^/;« of, I nnean,

CoMM. gold ^ndjilver. The ^^r^ ^^r/i^ ferves them for

beds. Whatever will fatisfy nature, is their luxury.
Their repofe is always porter than the »/fib/.
Your majefty may, therefore, judge, whether the
Tbejfalian, Acarnanian, and JEtolian cavalry, and

the

LESSONS. ^45

the Macedonian phalanx,— an army, that has, in

fpite o( all oppojition, over-run half t\ic world, — Coxit,

arc to be repelled by a wiulOtude (however nui^e^

reus J armed with flings, and flakes hardened at

the points by fire. To be upon equal terms with Adv.

Alexander^ your majefty ougJ"»t to have an army

compofed of thq /ani4 fort of troops. And they

are no when to be had, but m the/^Wtf courfries,

Vfhich produced xhoft: conquerors i>( the worU. It

is therefpre my opinion, that, if your majefty were

to apply the gold su[kdjilver, which now 6>/uper^

fluoufly adorns your »^> to the purpofe of hiring

an army from Greece, to contend with Greeks,

you might hzve/ome chance {or fuccefs ; otherwife Ala^it^

I fee no reajon to expdS any thing elfe, than that '

your army (houW be defeated, as all the others

have keen, who have ptcountered the irrejiftibk

Macedonians.

Lxxxn

346

t E S SO N 8,'

LXXXI,

Sermon

k

Teach- rTTtHE end of preaching is twofold; Tq
^^^* JL inftruS mankind in the facred truths con*

tained. in Jcripture j and. To perjuade them to
live agreeably to the lawsof the Cbrifiian religion.
It is, therefore, my prefent purpofe, my brttbreni
to endeavour, with the Divine affiftance, to pro^
mote your fpiritual and temporal happinefs, by
defiring your attention to what fhall be fpoken
to you from the following paflTage of the Epiftk
of the Apoftlc Paul to Titus, the fecond chapter,
and eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth verfes.

" The grace of Gody which bringeth Jalvation^
" hath appeared to allmeriy teaching us, that

^^ denying

* I did not know where to find zjtngle iermon containing
a fufficient ^variety of /pedes of matter, for ixercifing, gcncraHyi
the talents of a preacher. The reader will perceive, that this
difcourfe is compofed with a dire6l view to expreJJIcH or Jeii-
^-ery. And whoever has confidercd the Jlrmn of the popular
addrefles of the prophets and apoftles, and of the F others ^ and
bell French preachers, to fay nothing of the orations of Demofi*
hcnes, Cicero, and the reft, will not, I hope, be ofFendcd at
a 'vi'vacity of remonftrance, and defcription, unufual in ou|
Engjifh fcrmpns ; which arc, other-wi/e, the bsft

LESSONS. 347

^' derr^ing ungodlitiejs and worldly lufis^ wq
" fhould Yxwtfoberlyy righteoujlyy and gcdly^
" in this prefcnt world, looking for the blejfed
*^ bope^ and glorious appearance of the ^r^^/
*^ G^//, and our Saviour Jejus Chrift^'*

«

We may reprefcnt to ourfelvcs the great ApoftU
of the Gentiles Speaking as follows : for it is, I
think, probable, he meant what follows :

a

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" The favour of God, to which we owe all^
that we enjoy, or hope for, particularly our
" deliverance from Heathen ignorance and immo*
ralityy and the profpeft o? future refcue from
the tyranny of Satan % and from death ^ ; this
Divine goodnejs is, }n the Cbriftian revelation^
glorioufly dijplayed before mankind \ the new
religion being eftabliflied upon the unquef-
^^ tionable evidence of miracles ^ prediSliony and
^' its own internal charaSery and that of its di-
** vine Author^ and of its propagators^ who are Coum
" ready to lay down their lives in atteftation of
the truth of his reJurreSlion f rom tht dead ^ ^
of the reality of which they are Jure beyond a
pojjibility of mi/lake^ and cannot be fufpefted
? of a defign to deceive others^ having no worldly
^* temptation to propagate^ but much to conceal^ or

*' And

' ? 4^ x^'*^^' i9. ^ Heb. 11. 14, 15. « A£ts i. 3,

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348 LESSONS.

•' And this heavenly religion gK^th faU/j-
tisfaSim to the anxious and inquifitrre nnind
upon the moft iuter^^ing JuhjeRs \ where the
li^t oi nature^ and the/^ftfaTy o{ pbilofopbers
had left men in greal uncertainty^ a^ Wherein
the chief good of man conjiftetb : Who is the only
Otgeft of worjhip^ and how he is to be accepu
*' ably worjhipped : Of the oth^ orders of beings^
inferior to the one indivifible and anoriginated
Supreme^, but fuperior to iw j and how w^ 9ift
'* concerned with them: How ^v/7, and, parti-
** cularly, deaths came into G^^V world: Of the
" future redrefs of the dijorderly date, in which
^^ this world is at prefent : The w// of God^ or
^^ ^^ of man^, fixed by laws authoritatively pro^
*' mulgated: What will be the ^5 oi repentance
^' and reformation : How, and wit^, the ^0^^,
'^ and the wicked are to receive their relpedtivc
retributions of reward and punifhment : The
poj/itility of ri^ng from the dead^ demonflrated
by tf^'^i?/ refurreElions, efpecially that of Chrift

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^* him/elf: That the ^i&^/^ human /pedes is to be
'*' r^j/^^ from the dead^ in podies^ and that the

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^' heathen notions oiElyJian fields, and of ^artarus^
as well as of tranfmigration of fpme T^^wi^ into
oZ/J'^r todies, without end, and of the re^union of
e^/i^^ri to the Deity, 2xt fables znAfiSlions 5 and
5* that all mankind are to be judged at one time,
*^ ^nd that this is to be done by Chrifl : That the

f^ retribufiun

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LESSONS, 349

^^ retribution for the virtuous is glory y honour^
*^ and immortality 5 and of obdurate wickednefsj
" final deJiruQion from the prefcnce of God,
*' and the glory of his power; both fentenccs
" irreverjible.

" And the new religion inculcates in the moft
powerful nnanner, the nccelTity oiforjaking the
impious fuperjiiticnsy and vicious abominations^ Aver*.
allowedy or nor reformed^ by the heathen religions^
" as the worjhip of deified men,and of innumerable
** imaginary gods zndigoddejfes^ celefiial^ terrefirial,
*' and infernal, with rites ab/urdy ob/cene, and
** ^n^f/; iht promt/cuous^ excejive, zjcid unnatural
" indulgence oifiejhly luft \ the arbitrary violation
^' of the matrimonial union by caufelefs fepara^
«* tion 5 the horrid pradlices of expqfing children i
•* oijelf -murder ; or inflifting arbitrary revenge,
*' and the like^ And this blelTed religion doth Teacs.
'* alio prohibit^ in general^ the indulgence of
'* every wicked dijpofition (for its authority
** reacheth to the heart) and every *a)icked prcc^
" tice J all malice, hatred, envy, injuftice,jelfijhnejs,
pride, covetoujnejs, intemperance, lajcivioujnefs ,
anger, revenge, backbiting, lying, craft, unchari^
table zeal, impiety, profane /wearing, blajphemy,
obfcenity, idknejs, /edition, rebellion, and negleit of
public and private religion. The Chriftian law
fbrbiddeth all unwarrantable purfuit of the
three great objeftj of the defircs of wicked and

" worldly

^ Roxn. i.

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55O LESSONS.

^^ worldly men i viz. ricbes, power, znd pUaftire i
and it requireth the faithful and unreferved
performance of our whole threefold duty.

Firft, That which refpefteth ourjelves. The
due regulation of every pajjion, appetite, and i»-
" clination of our nature; and a proper attention
** to, and careful cultiuation of, all our powers,
bodily and mental^ fo that the wife ^n^j of the
beneficent Giver of them may beji be anjwer-^
ed, and the /^/2/? dijappointed : therefore no
one can juftly pretend to be zjincere profelyte

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** to the new religion, who does not ftudy to be
'* humble, meeki forgiving, pure in heart, Jincere,

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diligent in improving his knowledge and virtue,
courageous in the caufe of truth, temperate, fru-
gal, indufirious, decent, cautious, fearful o( o^htJ-^
•' ing, penitent for his Yit^LkutikSiheaventy-mindedg
*' and richly furnifhed with every grace and virtue,
^ flour ifhing, and growing, and riftng to higher and
^ higher degrees o(perfe^ion continually.

*' The fecond head of duty required by the
new religion is. That which refpefteth our
fellow- creatures, viz. The confcientious ob-
fervance o^ jujiice, negative and pqfttive, as tp
the interefts of the body, the foul, the reputation,
•* and the worldly efiate of our neighbour ; and
over and above xnert jujiice, 2i generous difpofi--
tion to Ihew kindnejs on every proper occafion,
and ui every prudent manner, to all within
" our reach -, and the difcharge of every relative

^' duty

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LESSONS. 351:

** duty according to our rcfpeftive fituations of
** governor SyJubjeUSy countrymeny parents , children ^
•* bujbandsj wives, mufiersyjervants^ and the reft.

** The third head of duty required by the
•* new religion, is. That' which relpcfteth oui*
" CreatorySxz. 'Thinking znd/peakingf and ailing VBNEa**
*^ in the conftant /ear, znd/en/e of the univerfal '^'^^'
^^ prejence o( Almighty God-, with love Sind gratis
^' tude to Him for all his gcodnejs to us, efpecially
*^ for his laft and hefi gift, the Chrijlian religion i
*^ worjhipping Him in/pirit and truth, both pui^
** /iV({)P and privately j obedience to ^// his /^wj ^
*' acceptance, upon due examination^ of the blejfed
** religion of his ^J^^, and adherence to it in fpitc
*' of the /^rr^ri oi per/ecution, with an unreferved
^^Jubmiffion to its heavenly precepts^, finccrely
*^ repenting of, and thoroughly reforming all our
*^ faults i with gratitude to our illuftrious D^/r-
** v^r^r from Satan, Jin, and i//tf/i&, and obfervance
'^ of his injiitution for commemorating his fufFer*

ings and death.

And this heavenly religion teacheth us to

expeSl the future glorious appearance of its
*^ divine Author, to rejiore this ruined world, to
*' put an end to the tyranny of Satan \ to abolifh

^^ death

^ Tlie gofpels, and particularly that by St. Matthew, in
the 5th, 6th, and 7tli chapters of which we have the peculiar
laws of chriftianity fununed up, was not probably, at thU
ome, written.

* Rev. xxi.

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cc

X$2 LESSONS.

^^ dfath^ and tx> juJge the wMe human ra^e, bodf
<^ thofe, who (hall then be alive^ and alio all,
'^ who have lived in all parts of the earthy from
^' the creation of man ; who ifaall univeiiUly be
reftored to life^ by the fime power which irft
gave them life; and to reward them according

Joy. ** to their refpeBivt charaSttrs^ to fix th^ penkent

" and virtuousy in a ftate dijafetj and nverlaftinj^

Horror. '* bappinefsj and condemn the obdurate to utter

" deftruSkn:'

Alarm. This is, in part, i\it vaft znd ^eigbty fenfe €i

the paiTage of Scripture, from which I have
chofen to fpcak to you at this time. And what
is there, my Chriftian brethren, of tonfequence to
us, with regard cither to our peace of mind bere^
or our bappinefs bereafier^ that is not virtually
comprehended in iKxzfoort pajfage of three verjes f
What various matter for confideratim is here^irf-

Fe A R . ^cfi^d ? To think of the ftate we are at prejent in,

and of the tajk prelcribed us, of which you have
heard only the principal headsy which talk if we
do not labour to perform, with the fidelity which
becomes thofe, who know, th^Lithtall'-piercingejfe
is upon them, it were better we had never been
bom — to think of this, is it not enough to make

Jot. us tremble at ourfelves ? — To confidcr iht prcj-

pe£i we have, and the hope fet before us, \£ we
endeavour, mxhfincere diligence, to aft worthily
our part— is it not enough to ov&wbelm us with

ExciT. rapture? If we are noijlocks znAftones^ if we have

irt

^

LESSONS. 353

in us citlicr hope or fear ^ defire of our own bafpi-
lu/Sy or horror at the thought of wj/Jry and ruin j
here is what ought to alarm us to the highejt
pilch. There is not one here prefentj whofe con- Alarm.
dition may not hereafter be hlifsful or calamitous^
beyond iinagination. And which of the two it
Jball be^ depends upon every individual himfelf.
Then furely no man, who thinks for a moment,
can imagine, that the period of our prcfent ex-
iftence, however tranfient^ is to be trifled with.
No one, who has ever heard of a future appear^
once of a general Judge ^ as in the texf, can think
i t a matter of indiffisrence what life he leads. Hear
the voice of infpiration on this important point ;
** Be not deceived. God is not to be mocked.
*^ Whatfoever a man Joweth^ that Ihall he alfo
^^ reap^, God fhall render to every man ac-
'^ cording to his works j to them, who by pa-
** tient' continuance in well-doings feck for glory,
** honour^ and immortality j everlafiing life*, " but to
** them who are contentious, and obey not the
*** truth, but obey uririghteoujnefsi indignation and
*' wrath, tribulation and anguifh upon evtvf foul
^^ that worketh wickednefs, of the Jew flrft^ and
*^ tf^fl of the Gentile ; for there is »^ rg^^5 of
" perfons with G^^ ''/'-— What can be more
awful than this warning I It is not for vainpa^
radCi like the triumphant ^»/ry of a conqueror,

A a that

* Gal, vi. y. ^ Rom. ii. 6.

J5+

Pk^tbit*

AtAJLli.

Rbmon.

Protest.

L E S S O N S.

that the (bft of man is to come with the fixtnd of
the irumpity attended with bojls of angils^ and
armed in flaming jire. Every one of us is intere0ed
in theyi'/im/i hufinefs of that dreadful day. It is
therefore, my Ch^ftian brethren, in ^^flnceritf
of my ib^r/, and the ageny of mj/ouPy that I
{hind forth to t&^ni you> in the name of the great
8nd terribU One, who fitieth upon the tbrene of
beaveny whofe creatures we are, and to whom wo
muft anjwer^ and to declare to you widioM jbtf*
terfy without rejerve^ diat there is ne Jafety^ u$
ebance of efuipe for yon, but by a emftant and
/^i^/ attention to the performance of rwrjr em
of the duties I have mentioned to youjr tnd a
flxed a^erfim againft every one of the vices i have
pointed out, and all others. Yovhave the word
of God for it. And bis word JbaJlftand^- he will
do all \a% fleajure'^ I and the Judge of the eartk
will do what is right \ Would you ki^e the
preacher fay fmoetb things ? Would j^u have him
ietray the /ri//* of God? Shall he,, like a faitfaleis
bireling% leave his ^for* unwarned a /r#f to the
^/Kd^ of mankind t Would you have him beef o»
hisi 9WtLjoul the damnation of z mhoic feefk^ ?
NoyM/t for the riVA^i of this wide worlds By the
helpi of God, I will be faithful to my tmft. I
wHl fet before you /{/« and deatb^ the Mefiug,

and

' Rom. ix. 1, », 3. ■ Ifiu xlvi. 10. « Geo. xvii. aj.
• John.x. ^3. F Ezek^ ai, ^^ 19*

Lessons. 355

iihd the curje **• It fiall appear^ in that day, when Warn-.
you and I (hall (land before the general judg-
ment feat, that I have done the duty of my office^
. and if you lifien not, thofe above, who now look on,
though to us invifiblej (hall vfitnefs againjt you,
that you have murdired your omh/ouls.

I would not have you imagine, that it is fo Alarm^
€0 a matter to Jecure your own fahaiion, as to
render care on youf part» and apprebcnjion oh mine,
wmecejfary. He^ who hefi knew, has declared,
that the way to bappinefi \%ftrait, and the gate
narrtm \ that the way to d^uSion is broad, and
the gate widei and that the number of thofe who
Ihall reach bafpinejs will ht/maili compared with
that of thofe whb Ihall go to d0ru£lion \ Can
I then addrefs you with indifference ^ when I know ^ «ar.
that you are in danger?— But why ibould I fay
jiou /'—I am m^y/elf in danger. Every individual ^
'who ihall come to falvation, will be one ejcaped
from extenfive ruin and wreck.

Yet I would not have you think, my Chridian Comfoit.
brethren, that the charge of your ibuls is a bur^
din too grievoMs to be borne ; or your duty a talk
impoffible to be performec^. Tho' it is true, that
ih^reward tiSS^^^ and tht punijbment threatened
by the Chriftian religion, arc motives /undent, if
we thiqk aright, to excite in u^ defires zxA fears
Xf^ ctny us through any abftinence from pleafure,

Aa 2 pr

« Beit. m. 2(. f Mat rii. 13. Luke xiii. 2f.

356 LESSON S.

or any Juffering of punifhmcnt j though this fc
true, yet fo little does our kind and merciful Lard
defcrve the charafter of a bard tafi-mafter, th^t all
he requires of us —of us, who enjoy thefc bapfj
timesf, untroubled with the terrors of perfeaUion
— all he requires of us, is — To be happy befe^
and hereafter. Even in the life that futw is*^ I
appeal to the feelings of even man of common
decency in this afiembly, (for I hold not the
abandoned /r^^(^ii/^ z judge of what virtue i8^ dr
what its effea) I appeal to every hearty that is not
hardened beyond feeling, whether iirtue is not,
even in this worlds its own reward f And I a(k
thy confciencey O finner, whether vice be not its
own tormentor ? Canll thou fay^ the imaginary
pleafure^ the profit y and the honour^ which vice
beftows, are fufficient to arm thee againft the
pang of guilt? Does not its en venomed^iir^ often
pierce thee through that weak, though threefold

Akgvish. armour oi defence ^ to the vtxy Joulf What, then,

doft xkiO\sgain by thy fatal attachment, if thou art

RaMON. not by it fecured hom fufferitrg? Thou haft but

one oljeilion, and that, God knows, a wretched
one, againft a life of ftridfc virtue j that it may
chance to deprive thee of fomc fancied /A^^Krrx,
and fubjcfl: thee to certain imaginary aufterities.
Now, if thy favourite vices were cap^lc of af-
fording thee, at prefent^ a pleafure untainted^ ub-
poifonedy and offecuring thee againft all/a/;f 5 and

Aou

* I Tim. VN 6%

L E S S a N S, 357

thou kneweft that virtue i%, in the prefent ftatc^
pure mijeryi thou mighteft pretend, thy /cbeme of
life had the whole advantage againft a courfc of
virtue^ as far as this world goes^ and for the ne^t,
thou mijght'ft, if thou wert dejpcrate enough, fct
It at defiance* But thou dareft not pretend, that Cual.
vice will yield thee, even in this life, the copious
harvcft of fubftantial bappinejs^ which virtue gwts.
Which of thy tawlejs pleafures affords, on re-
fieftion, an untroubled enjoyment ? Does ihc/mile
of the great, bought with perjury, light up in thy
fovl the funlhine o{ undijlurbed tranquillity ? Docs
the glittering trajb^ by unjuft means wrejied from
the reluSlant hand of induftry, fatisfy the ever-
craving. /^/r/? ofgQld? J^QCsUwhb Ji(^ indulged,
does virgin innocence beti:dyed, do broken marriage^
votxjis yield, on refledtion, a continual /«?4^ to thy
mind? In what condition is thy breajl from the mo- Hoeroe.
ment gf conceiving wickednefs, to that of its exe*
cution ? Does the dark confpirator enjoy himfelf in
quiet ? Can bafpinefs dwell with anxiety, tumult,
and borror ? Will (weft jpeace take up her habita-
tion with difcoFdahty<j/fr^J, with warHng pajjions,
ytith fear o( difcovery, with apprehcnfion.of pub-
lic ^4/9i^ and exemplary punijhment ? Is the re^
fleftion on revenge, gratified by the (hedding of
blood, a fuhjcSt of ^alm enjoyment ? Why, then, is Trepida*
the murd^rfr afraia to be alone ? What r§ it that '''®'*-
breaks his flumbers, whilft alf nature is at rejl ?
\yhy does htftdrt at every noife ? What does he

A a 3 fee?

358 LESSONS.

Jee? With what does his feared invagination fill the
. vuid? Docs not the horror of his conjcience even
rai/e the rhutdcred out of the earth ag^in ?
Whence came the frightful imaginations of
cbarnel'boufes opmng^ and graves cafting forth
thtix dead} What is it, but guilt, tfiat prefent$
the bloody apparition of the mangled innocent,
dumb and ghaftly before the eytrs of die afiaflin \
We know that the d(ad (excepting a few ratlbd
by miracle) are lofteep till the re/krreffion. Yftt the
murderer does ftot find hirtxCclf /a/e, even wher^
the haplefs vi6lim of his cruelty is duft^ iThe
pang of rcmorfe proves fo intolerMe^ that a vuh

Despair. lent death \s relief. Wt flics fixim his internal

tormentor to the more friendly halter or dagger.
To if//Whimfelf frbm his prefcnt ceafelefi jfitote?-
itfgSy he is content to loje this bleifcd li^t : he
' throws himfelf headlpng into eternity j^ and, com*
mining the crimejj which cuts itfelf off bom re-
fentance^ feals his own damnation. Such are the

Char. fruits of atfocious wickedHefs. \ Do not, thcreforci

O prefumptuous finner ! iVi^^i^diec on thy foul,
do not pretend, that the waiys of vice are ways
ofplea/antnefSf or that her piAbs are p'edce ^ The
bijiory of mankind — fhy oWn feelings --mti ^Ve
thee the lye.

Costs m rjm, D ifJft thoy but cpnlider, wh^ Jlgure thou makeft

in the eye of the decerning among thy ownjpecies^
thou wpuldft think c£ altering thy mduff. Thy

tuifdM

* Proy. ill. 17.

LESSONS- 359

mifdom is eafily underftood to be at beft but low
cunning. Thy honours are but the applaufe of Saecasm.
fools y dazzled by thy ricbcs^ or of knavis, who
Jlatter thee for what they hope to full thee of.
Thy arts over-reach only the weak^ or the m-
guarded. The eye of experience pierces the cob^
web veil oibypocrifyi not to mention a more fe-^ Awi.
^etrating eye^ which thou art fure thou canft not
deceive, ^utgoon^ if thou wilt. Take the ad* SAncAtn.
. vantage^ while thou canft^ oilhy boneft neighbour^
whofuJpeHs not thy wortbUffneJs. It will not be
longy that thou wilt have it in thy power to over-
reach any oncp Craft is but for a d^. O fool I
whom art thou deceiving ? Even thy wrttcbedfelf
And of what art thou cheating th^felf? Of thy
reputation^ thy profperity^ and thy peace j to fay
nothing of thy miierable foul % which thou art
conjigning to the enemy of man^ for what thou
hadft better a thoufand times be without, if the
future confequences were nothing. Remember I
have told theej what thou acquireft by lawlefs
mans, whether thou haft been ufed to dignify it
by the nanie oi profit , pleafure, or honour ^^ and the
wickidniff thou drinkeft in with greedinefs, will
either poifou thy life, or elfe muft be difgorged,
with the horrible pangs of remcrfe. Where then
will be thy gains t I fay, therefore, were there no Tbachiko.
ft ate ordained for us beyond rhitprefent, the wifdom
c£ a man would dire£fc his choice to virtue. To
be confcious of ilthat cloudlefs ferenity within^

A a 4 which

36o LESSON S.

• • • • •

which proceeds from pafftons fubdued under the
Joy. fuperior authority of reaJon\ to fcaft upon that

uninterrupted joy ^ which this vain world can neither
give^ nor take away j to blejsy and be hlejfedy to
love^ and be lovedy to be eyes to the blindy zvAfeet
to the lathe ", to be a guardian angel to his fellow-
creatures ; to ferve Hiniy whofc fcrvice is the glory
of thofe, who fit enthroned in heaven * ; to have
neither thought ^ nor wijh^ which would not do
him honour^ if publifhed before the univerje-^
what fenfe of dignity^ vAiztJelf-enjoymenf muft not
this con/cioufnefs yield? — I tell thee, thoughtlcfe
libertine ! there is more joy in repenting of, and
flying from vicey nay, xnjuffering for virtue^ than
ever thou wilt tafte in the cloying draught of (vfimflti
impurity^. . What, then, muft be ^t undijhtrbed
fruition of that* which makes the happinejfs of
tVQvy fuperior nature ?
ALAR!if. But this life is »(?/ all. There is— thefc li,

R E r E R . full furelyy another ftate abiding us. The foul of

mzn feels itfelf formed for fomething greater than
all that is here below \ and it cannot think what is
nobleji in its nature to be given in vain. The power
of lifting its thought to its Creator 5 the uncon-
querable dread of an account hereafter to ht given ^
the thirft for immortality (to fay nothing of that
fureft proof given by the meffenger of Heaven,
who Jhe^ved us, in himfelf man aftually raifed

fron^

" Jcb .\.\ix. 15. \ Rev. iv. y 2 Pet. ii. 22»

LESSONS. 361

from the grave to immcrtality ') all thefe confirm
that there is a life to ^r^w^. And // there is —
what is thy pro/peff, O remorjelejs obdurate ?

The prejent fiate would /^^J^ thee, if thou Remox,
^Quldft be taught y what will be prevalent in the
future. The world is »^w under the moral go- Teach.
vcrnment of the One Supreme. The ///Jr to come
will be under the T^jwtf direftion. The pre/ent App»,
ftate of things, for the moft part, brings on
micCy the prefent punifhments of fear, remorfcy
with worldly fhame^ and often bitter poverty^
and ^^J/)5^, from a confiituiion fhattered by 'y/V^,
pr from the iron hand of jufiice. The natural
courfe of this world rewards the virtuous with Jot.
peace of mind, with approbation from, every w^r-
*/i^ cbaraSfery and, generally, with /^/ii-zA (Adays^
profperity and affluence '. What does this r^»- Arcu.
elude? Is it not from hence evident, that when
the temporary irregularity of the prefent ftate,
which hinders equal retribution from being unU
verfaly when the influence of the Enemy ^ is at an
end, under which this world now groans ^y and,
when at the appointed time, order fhall fpring
out of confufion y then, what now appears in part
will prevail univerjally ; then virtue will rife
fuperiory and evilbty for ever, funk to its proper
'place.

To

f Cor. XV. 20. * Prov. iii. 16. ^ Matt. xiii. 39.

' Rom. viii. 20 — 24.

/

363 LESSONS.

Kousi NO To a gemrons mind there is little need of terr^.

^HAMB. gy^j^ ^^^ Better won to goodnejs by the view of its

own apparent excellence^ which wants only to be
held forth to be perceived i, is no (oontr peraiveJ

CiiEF. than admired. But, alas^ I fadly foar the ffm-^

Rous* rous-minded zvQ hut few. For, if othcrwi(e^ how

could the number of the wicked be what it v,

Shamb. ^very hardened Jimier is one loft to all that is tru-
ly grecU or sji^ortby in the rational nature. And
are there ^ny in this a$:mbly, is there one^ fallen
to fo low an ebb oH Jentiment y ioftupifted beyond
all feeling^ as to go on to offend^ without ramrfey
againft xhtgoodnefs of his heavenly Father? Thinki
wretched niortal, that thou art infulting the very
power which fupports thee in thy injolence againft

Sor T ic. itfelf The gen^e mercy of the Almighty, like the

fructifying moifture of the fpring, drofpeth on

Race. thee from on high; and, inftead of producing the

fruit of repentance in thee^ is, by thy impiety ^

RfMoir. dafhed back in the face o{ Heaven. What could

thy beft friend on earth, what could pitying an-
gels, what could the Author of all good do for thee^
that has not been done ? Thy Creator hath given
thee reafon to diftinguifb between gjood and evU i
to know what is thy life, and what will ieal thy
ruin. He bath placed confcience in thy breaft, to
"warn thee in the moment of thy guilt. He hath
fent down to thee. Him, whom he had deareft in
all Heaven, to give thee yet ampler inftruHion in
3 the

V

LESSONS. 36J1

the way to blifs^ And the Scm condefcended to Mov.
icome with the fame willingness as the Father feift ^*^^*
}iim^ though wi^ the citrtain knowledge that^
I^ke a fairiot rifii^ in defence of his cranny ^ hia
comii^g tmift ^ft him hi$ li/e^ The richefi Hood
that everjhfvedy has been (hed for /ir^ worthleQ*- RepuQACf
iiefi| and fidr flich as thou 31%. Shame and /vr*
fnrehnLyt been defpifed for the fake of bringing
thee to good. And wilt thou grudge to forego a
little fordid pleqfure to Ihcw thyfelf grdtefnl for Pitt,
all thii goodnefs ? Go with me dien^ to Golgotha^
^[^d iftfult thy Suffering Saviour it} his agoniea.
Behold thefe a Jighf^ which the Snn would not
look upon*. View wijh dry eyes what made
angels weep. Harden thy heaft at an objeft
which rent the rocks % and brought the dead out
of their graves \ His arms i^tched on the rtirr-
fed^ tree, invite thee to blijs. Though now feeble Aw».
and languid, they wijl quickly rai/t a world from
the grave^ and lay the angel of death Cull low. I
am not defcribing z fancied Jcene. The witneffes ApFia,
of the death md're/khreffion Of Jefus hWt fealei
the truth of what they ^!rof with their 3ifo^. But
canft thou find a heart to p'U^fy him afrejb ^ by Rfuoif .
ftrfifting in the crimes, which brought on him
this cruel &»/* ? If thott haft been fo wicked, be^ Warm.
/i^/V/i thee of thy objlinacy. If thou doft, even Encou.

now,

* M«tt. xxvii. 45. « Ibid. 51. ^ Ibid. 53.

s Gal. iii. 13* * Heb. vi. ^.

$64

L E S ,S O N S,

iwtfc^, repent^ he h^s frayed (or th?c, " Father, form

' ^ P'^fi them ; for they knoxp not what they do ^*'

fiTY. — ^Behold, how deadly pale his facfcd ^-^la/^-

ir<7;/c^ / Cruel are the /tgonUf^ which nni hU teq-

WiAK. der frame, }ih ftrsngtb fi^ls i hh heart ireaks -,

- : the ftrong pangs of ^^^/^. are pn hinOr* Now he

Path. Utters his laft Jolemn words ^^ Jt y^^ifoed^'^

Quest. Wbaf \& finijbed ? , The ^i?^^^^ P^rt, t9. Which
Pitt. his dear love for mankind expofed hioi. .The

Jot. 1 r^ is viifgry and triumph j and the Jalvation of

a 1:9^/^ will rett^ard his glorious /(?//• But what
Path. Jalvation f J^ot of the obdurate, with all their

Qy EST- ^i^g^ about them ; but of the heart-bleeding p^/V
Pitt. ' tent^ whoff^ ftre^miog forrow^ (lave- wajhtd away
Avers. his impurity, arid who has bii a \d&: farewell to

w^9 and to every temptation which /^^lilr to it«
CoMF. To fuch, the blefled Gofpel which I preach,

fpeaks nothing but peace. For tb^ it has no
terrors. Be of good cheer, then, my difcanfolate^
broken-hearted mourner. Though thy Jins have
been as Jcarkt, they fhall be white as the wtf^4
which never received the tinHure \ They ihall
be blotted outy as if they were covered with a
cktid"^. Thcv fhall no more come into remem-
hrance ". For our God is long-fuffering, ahd of
great mercy, and will abundantly pardon ^.

' Luke xxiii. 34. ^ John xix. 30. ' Ifa. i. 18.

"* Ifa. xliv. Z2. " Ibid. Ixv. 17. ® Ibid. Iv. 7.

LESSONS. 36^

OJuffir dien^ my mnthinking ftll^w^O'eatvtrts^ fiisaica.
J^fer the wofd of exhortation ^ Every eKcouragi^
menfj efcry invstaiionj is on the fide o{ virtue. It
has the promifes of this life^ and of that which is
tocome^. Let me befccch you, by Ac fuferior
love of your Maker 5 by the ftreaming blood of
the Saviour^ and by the worth of your immortal
Jotis ; to ^4/^ offsQfm ruinous vices^ and to return
to /ifiw, who is read;^ to receive the returning Jin^'^
nery and never ^i^j him out, who comes to Him ^
Uften! Oh /j^^sf to Him, who fpeaketh from
Heaven. It is not the ^voice of an tnemj. It is
your heavenly Father ^ who ^n//^ you. BchcAi ! Aw«.
the very Majefy of the univerfe bends forward
fiom h'ls throne to invite you. He veils uncre-
ated brigbtnefs to allure you to return to your o^n
happine/s. He proclaims himfelf the " Lord
^* merciful and gracious^ long-fuffering^ and ^^Atf ;»-
*• </i»f/ in goodnejs '." He condefcends to <7^r^
you with an aath^ that he has m fleajure in the
i/fi2/^ of him that J/w '. He encourage 5 ^ he tbrea^
tensy he promifes, he remonjtrates, he laments^ he Bbiebch.
«e^^d?^j his wretched creatures, as if his own un-
changing happinefs depended on theirs. He
leaves the door of mercy open ; he gives them
/pace to repent i he does not take them byfurprize.
Retum^O yet return to the Father of fpirits,

my

' Heb. xiii. 22. *» t Tim. iv. S. ' John vi. 37.

* Bxod. xxxiv. 6. < Szek« .\x^. 11.

a66

Ekcou*

Grief.

COMPL.

Alarm.

t £ 8 § 6 N 1

my poor deludid Vi^indcrerSi Whom have ytfor^

Jdhm ? What have you been in purfuit of \
fVhofi conduSt have you put yourlclv^ under ?
You have (briaken the Fountain of your bafpi^
ni[s. You have pxirfucd your own rj/im. You
have given yourfelves up to the guidance of the
Enemy oi Jouls* But it is not^ even w^M^ tooi^te
to retrieve all i all may j^/ l)e well^ if you w#]ret

. be wije*.

Can you Jbut your ^ears^ aa4 fitel your hearts
againft all that is tender i Are you determined on
your our ruin ? Muft I then loje my crown ^ fpi
rejoieing " /^ Muft I be deprived of the j^ of oyr
mutual endlcft congrandations for our efcapefrm
the hideous wreck qijonh ? Muft I reap nafmit
of my labour of love "" I Shall the blefled md&ge ^
from Heaven prove your deaths what was in-
tended to be your life * ? If you will not liften

. to the Jiill Jmall voice % which now fpeaks so
you from the mercy-Jeaty the time will quickly

. come, when your ears, if ^hey were of rock^ will
be pierced by the thunder of that vl^ice^ which will

. terrify this great world from the throne ofjudg^
mentk ^hink^ O hardened offender^ thinks thtf

>

• I Thcff, ii. 19. « 1 Their, i. 3.

y The literal fignification of the Greek word ivacyytAivy
which our Engliih word Goff ;i (i. c. Good fiook) cxprefler
bat weakly.

* z Cor. is. 16. ^ I lungfioK* tf.

LESSONS. 367

time will quickly come, when, zs/ure as thou ?jow
heareft this awful warning, thou Jhalt bear (—it
would be thy wifdom to think thou now beared — )
the found of that trumpet ", which will ftartle the
Jileui duft^ and break ihc flumbers, which were be^
pm before the general ^W. Think, that thou
beMdeft the whole /pedes around thee, coffering
the fiicc of the eartb beyond the reach of Jigbt S
Think of univcrfal irepidation and amazement ^ TEEao*^
to which all the rented armies^ the cities fached^
^fieets dajbed in pieces^ the cmmtries whelmed by
immdation, and the natitms fmalhwed by earth-
quakes^ which make the terrors of hiftorj^ are but
the diverjims of a fi age-play. Behold the heavens
involved in jlame \ the brightnefs of the Sun ex-
tinguiflied by the fuperior luftre of the throne \
and the heavens and the earth ready to fly away
fiom the terrible face of ttimy who fitteth upon
it •. Imagine thyfelf called forth ; thy life and
AaraSer difplayed before men and angels. Thy Gu iti^.
confcience awakened \ and all thy offences full in
the eye of thy remembrance. What will then be
thy defenie^ when thy various uncancelled guilt is
ritfrg^iupon liiyfoul i No frivolous fbuffie will AtARad.
Wi«i/ the avenging Judge. The very counfel now
rqeSted bf thee againft thyfelf *, if thou hadft ne-
ver had ajiother invitation to repentance, will

condemn

^ h Cor. XV. 5*fc *^ R€v. xx. m» ' Rev. vi. t^^ xs» 16;
* Rev. XX. II. ^ Ibid. 12^. s Luke vii. 39.

/

36^ L E S S O t^i $1

■

eondesnn thee ^ the very warning given thee ibii
day will be thy undoing.

Horror. To attempt a defer iption of the terrors hidden

under thofe dreadful words, "Depart from me
ye cur/ed! into cvcrlafting/r^, prepared for the
Devil and his angels "5" to reach, as it werci over
the brink of the bottomlefs pii^ to look down
where ten thoufand volcanos are roarings and mil-
lions of miferable beings tojfed alofc in the fiery
fvhirlfvind of the eruption ; what employment would
this be for human imagination ! But what human
imagination can conceive hav^ fearful a thing if is

Fear. to fall into the i&^»^i of the living God^ ? When

with yf^ fgg ^ raging hurricane tear up the rooted oaks^

and ^^^^ the ancient hills on which they grow;
when we hear of the mountainous ocean* s dafhing
with eafe, the ftrong-jointed^/pjin^iVr^i, over^
flowing a continent^ and fweeping whole /^te;«x
before it j when we fee the blacfk tbunder^cloud
pour down its cataraSl of jfr^ ; whofe burftjbi^
vers the mafly /^w^r or Iblid rock ; or when we
read of thejubterraneous explofions heaving up the
groundyfhatteringkingdomsy 2Lnd/wallowing nations
alive to one deftru£liou ; do not fuch fcenes exhi-
bit to us a tremendous view of power ? And
whofe power is it that works thefc terrifying ef-
fefts ? The laws o( nature are the living energy of

Rbmon. tht Lord of Nature. And what zxtthou^ wretched

wormi

'^ Mat. XXV. 4u ' H»b. X. 3^.

-X

ti K ^^S-O N Si 369

wtmn^t earth, t6 r^/f/f (^hptmer? BufwMtWfc'

fee kt jprgr^/j is bwparrdf his «w^ ^ What^tlie' F« ar.

dirt& txeff^ficOofniApitehci agait^ his hardeiied

enmUy^il\^oditixx\ what xk<tcandifmt>ttbo/e will

be, who Ifand iiir tht^li khn of its /tf^- wliert-

is the MapnatrQn to ^ fbt(6d^jriM'/tb the crnictf^

rim^ at tongiie to -the ift5(?n})/ftif;'of fucfi ^erthnf

Yet thisiriayt)etht//lii»y/*»of fom Mkiitfm Appre.

t6us.^^O:fiiiBifiiHbM ObwTiittitfAigef^ Horr.

i?^rWi It, 6 Ftt/*^df *^<y / If it be^^W^iit Eark.
Mfireature of /i>/ifr"t^ter 'bt tiicf cA^«9t of thit Dipreca-
tb^^igamft which the Ittrrtigtii of th^^ '^*^*-

crihthH uhited^uld fteinii bur as tiie M«/ir againflr
theyWmf^ftJ&'/*^ftJaiii it is-iibtdthc Ofpvintment G» i « p.
cJfiaw^^'<J^w^ that brings

deJh%^bn'okmy <mtJ- O^ thccdntraky, it is his
ytctf' ^ace' thiit hvin^ Jkhtttion\ He hts ni
plea/ure iir the d^tB df him, who^ i^ill He. Itis
lAk're^ellm of the Enemy, and the unconquerable
«5/tRr29rf of tftofd', who /iiitfji^/< with him, that
hath'^fiW'S A?*rf to- the WerfaftingjF/^^'^hich
iifiittmih^^iftever htcn l^fed\ ■'

Biat let tismtlSiiram/hw magination {x0tti diia RsLiBr.
ySf^^, whfiife botrot wircoiMii btmanity. Xjtt us
/imf dur v/<w tor ^'^ J, of which tht fuprem joy is,
1" hat ^Ty^ \mi d[ UT, if buf ^» egtegiabs^af/f Joy.
arrrd /o//y binder noe, may be partaker of them.
Every one o(us may, if h^ fc^///, gain his portion in
tiatjtate, wbicb the word of truth holds forth to

B^b ..• the

^ Job xxvi. 14. > Tit. ii. ii. the text. '^ Mat xxv'. 41.

i

$29 h ¥. S.S O N $i

thcjpr^snt: weaknefsof human uaderftanding
uoder <il^ the oi^lemisi of magnifiienct. ai\d delight.^

Delight. To-W^i&fei in vfhiie robcs " i xoeat ot ti^c fruit o(

rhctneq^Jife^ } to// on tbr(mej:\ 3nd lo. wear,
crpwns \to be f/^Ab^i with the if^rjp erf" thc/nwj^
m<ftf of Heaven^ and, of thtj^arsy ^ what do thefe
in>ag^s prefent^to our.un^eilUifdings, but the
•.^ prooiifed /j'l/^^r of the One Sup feme i i^appro^
bation olthjc: gtncril judge.} the- totzlj^urificatioff,
of; our nature', and an aJ(fi;red eftabliflunent in

Rai>t. . iamoml honaur znd./elicity^ This, and much

i»0r^3 tUar> ejff \iZih /efn^, or ear.teard, or i^or^
w»^riW?,;;is Iai4 up^^M- .Apfq v^ho; prppcrly r^-
f^/z;^ that iaving .^r^r^r of C^j ywhicjic h^ ap-^
pjared to all men j . \rfio ftudy tp Uvf /i^^^ f^j A^,
/^0i{^ and godly y in this prefent worjkl^ .as thorc>.
i^ho lo^k for the blefled hope, and future glorious.
appearance of our Saviour Jejus Cbrifi ?.

StR. Thus have I (my dear fellow-creatures, and.

Remon, fellow -cbrijiiansy my /i^^i, for ^hok iuefiimable^

fouls 1,2m tp.an/wer to riic great Shepherd) thus,
have I, in much weaknefs, but in pcrfc6t integrity
of hearty endeavoured to excite you, and niyfelf,to

Concern. ^ "^^re ftrid attentionj, than I fear is commonly

given, to the ca^e ofz\\ cares, the hufinefs of all
-^ . bufineffes. I have, for thispurpofe, given you, in

an

*" Rev.iii.*4.;vi. il. vii. 9, 13/1^ • Rev.ii. 7.xxii. 1, 14.*
' Rev. Hi.* 21. <- RcVrf u. xo^iiit 11. i Pet. v. 4. Jam. i. 13.
2 Tim. iv. H. i Cor. ix. 25. ' Dan. xii. 3. ' 2 Cor. ii. 19.
* Tit. ii. ii,.i2u 13.

L E S S O^N S. 371

in cxphmtory par apbraf ton the text, an abridged
view of your threefold Vflf/y. I have fairly warned Warn.
you of your danger^ if you fteg/eSf' or violate, habi-
tually, any part of it. I have put you in mind,
that it h hut too common to neglefl the great /diva"
Hon •, whilff with a reajonable diligence ^'ixA ztno RiMor;.
greater expence of hardjbipy or fuffering, generally
with /^, than vice expofes men to, k might be
made/«r^. I have appealed to your own feelings ,
whether virtue be not the beji wijdom^ if theVe Arc.
were no future ftate. I have laid before you
fome of the arguments for the reality of a world' to
comcy with a view of the probabilities, from what
^we fee in the prefent Jfate, of what will be the im-
menfely different confequences oi virtue, and of vice,
in At future. I have tried to rou/e your fenfe of Rous.
gratitude, and ofjhame. I have fct your fufferin^ ^"^^ ^^
Saviour before your view. I have invited you in and
the name of your heavenly Father to return to Shame.
him and to your own happinefs, I have inti'eated
you by your regard — (I hope you arc not alto-^
gether without regard) for your weak, but faithful
pajtor, the fervant of your fouls. I have put you Mod.
in mind o( the future appearance of your Saviour Alarm.
and Judge ; and of the fentences of approbation,
and condemnation, under one, or other of which,
every human individual will be con^ehended, from
which there is no appeal. If theje conjiderations be Grief.
not fufficient to ftir up, in your minds, a fenfe of

B b 2 * danger,

* Heb. ii. 3.

T A B L E

* X.

e F T H c , i

L E S so N S.

J* IkTARHATioic. Found, of the Rom. comm.
'"^IlS wealth. Sai. p. 47

II. Narr. Story of Damon and Pythias. Fal^ Max. 50

III. Narr. Story of Damocles. Ctc. Tusc. Qubst. 51

IV. Narr. Roman Charity. fW. Max* PUn. 52

V. Description. Chandler of Catiline, ^ii/. Bell.

Catil. 54

VI. Arguing. Of moral certunty. Gravif. 55

VII. Arguing. Abfurdity of Atheifin. Cic, 5 8

VIII. Sneer. Receipt to make an epic poem. S<uM^ 61

IX. Remonstrance, and Contempt of pride* Axmi/. 63

X. Horrors of war. Fope*s Hom. II. 6a

XI. Petitioning with Dejection. Pens. Ihg. 60

XI I . Praise under the appearance of blame. Ibid. 68

XIII. A love-fick {hepherd's Complaint. Philips. 69

XIV. Remonstrance. Pens. Inc. 71

XV. Authority and Forbidding. P^/r's Hom. 7a
X\7. Sublime Description. Spect. 74

XVII. Description fublimc and terrible. Popc'z Hom. 77

XVIII. Complaint. Pens. Ing. 78

XIX. Terrible Description. Philips. 79

XX. Ridicule. Tale of a Tub. 82

XXI. Exhortation. Pope. %6
XXri. Affectation of learning. Stvift. 87

XXIII. Adoratiok. Milton. 93

XXIV. Peevishness. Otnjuay, 96
XX\''. Contempt. Pope, 98

XXVI. Clownish Bashfulness. Steele. 102

XXVII. Mournful Description. Dryd, Virg. 106

XXVIII. Rusticity. Affectation. Steele. no

XXIX. Asking. Reproof. Approbation. Pope, 113

* XXa«

TABLE of the LESSONS.

XXX. Pol IT B' Coif VERS AT ION. StieU. p.

^XXI. Serious Meditation. Toung^

XXXII. Seemino Civility. Spiafer.

XXXIII. Trepidation. Vexation. Shake/fear.

XXXIV. Various Characters. Pope.
XXXV.. Reconciliation. Steele.

XXXVI. Characters. P9pe.

XXXVII. Anxiety. Resolution. Addifw.

XXXVIII. Anoer. Threatening. Milton.
XXXIX- Deprecation. Recollection. Ibid.
XL. Vexation. PertnbVs. Cringinq. P9fe.
XLI. Desperation. Milton.
XLII. Walking in Sleep. Sbake/p,
XLIII. Intr eating. .Complaint. Refusal.

Pope^s HoM.
JJLIV. Low Humour. Shukejp.
XLV. Chi ding. Pope*% Hom.
XlLVI. Remorse. Affection^ &c. Steele.
XL VII. Discontent. Plotting, &c. SbakeJ^. 170
XLVIII. Joy. Trouble. Flattery. Fear, &c.

Milton. 1 7^

XLIX. Anguish. Transport. Steele. 177

L. Reproof. ^ Curt. 182

LI. Commanding. Intreating. Warning. 5^. 184
LII. Drunkenness. Sbake/p. 186

LIII. Vexation. Spiteful Joy. Ibid. 188

LIV. Self-vindication. Reproof. Sal. 191

LV. Plotting. Cruelty. Horror. Sbake/p, 196
LVI. Affection. Joy, &c. Milton. 19^

LVII. Intercession. Obstinacy. Cruelty, &c.

Sbake/p. 1 99

LVIII. Conjugal Affection, &c. PopehMom* 208
LIX. Remorse. Obduracy. Sbake/p. 213

LX. Reproaching. Fxciting to Self-defence.

Li*v. 2 1 5

LXI. Doubting. Vexation, &c. Sbake/p. 221

LXII. Eagerness. Chiding. Intriatinc. Lucian. ii'^
LXIII. Accusation. Cic. 234

LXIV. Terror. Discovery ofwickedncfs. Sbake/. 246
LXV. Exhortation. Reproaching. Demofib. 249
LXVI. Surmising. Jealousy. Sbake/p. 256

LXyil. Complaint, Intrbating. Sal. 260

LXVIII. Accusation. Pity. Dion. Halicarn. 266
LXIX. Consultation. Milton. 275

LXX. FiiiRCENEss. Desperation, lb. 277

• . , , LXXI.

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INDEX.

N D E X

o r

PASSIONS, OR HUMOURS,

l» THX

ESSAY AW0 LESSONS.

ACC VSATION 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 242,
243, 244, 264, 266, 2679 268, 269, 270, 271, 273*

274, 290,298,299,300,307,331,337. SccBlamiwc.
Acquitting 19. See Apf rob at ion.
Admiration 22, 74, 75, 76, 93, 100, 120, 130, 138,

148,168. See Commendation.
Aboratxon 93. See Praise.
Advice, 71, 122, 125, 147, 157, 162, 202,203,206, 269,

329, 332, 333, 345. See Cautioning, Warning,

Alarm.

AfPBCTAT10N22, 110,111,112, 139, I $9,161, I9;»22$«

228, 230,231, 30C,3ii, 312, 313,314* 335»336*337»
33^» 339> 342* Sec Hypocrisy, Formality.

Affection 166, 167, 198, 208, 210. See Lovs, Ten-
derness.

Affirmation 18, 84, 274, 275, 316, 363. See Posi-

TIVENESS.

Agony 216. See Complaint, Distress, Anguish,

Trouble.
Agreeing I9,.233. See Yielding.
Alarm 119,122,124, 145, 218,219,220,246,255,290,

292, 321, 323, 328, 329, 344, 345, 352, 353, 354» 35S'

360,366,367, 371. See Fear, Terror, Fright.
Amazement 181, 307. See Surprize.
Anger 23,89,90,91,93, 132, 133, 135, 136, «43» H4*

148* 232, 305, 306, 308, 309, 314, 315, 336, 337, 340.

See Rage, Peevishness, Fury, Indignation.
Anguish 63, 69, 70, 91, 137, 140, 150, 151, 153, 177,

190, 214,222,248,259,263, 281,282,288,356. See

Distress, Complaint, Agony, Trouble.
Answering 201, 204. See Informing, Teaching,

Explaining.

C c Anxiety

INDEX.

Anxiety 9i> 92, 117, I24> 139, I4i> 142^ i$^,i6S, i88»
1919 192> 214, 22i> 257, z9^, igi, J05, 314, 338. See
Distress* Vexation, Tr*^ouble, Perplexity.

Apology 115, 126, 177, 178, 220, 234, 236, 238, 249,

266, 267,285,286, 289, 292, 296,303, 304, 309, 320«

328, 329, 340, 343. Se^ S^lf-dbi^encb.
Applause 161, 203, 204, 205. See Commendationj

Praise, Approbation.
Apprehension 78, 115, 118, 141, 142, 154, 160, x64«

168, 175, 177, 178, l8j, l<^8« 2,lO,9J2, ^zz, zz^, zz6,

227, 239, 250, 25 1, 252, 2$), 254, 255, 256, 258, 276,
280, 281, 282, 304, 305, 307, 3«8, 322, 323, 361, 369.
See Fear, Terror, Fright.

Approbation 99, 100, iij, 173, 234, 250. See Com-
mendation, Praise, Ajpplauss.

ARGUING. 19* 5j|,.S8, 50, it>i, ip4^ 195, 27S, 280, 281^
^82, 322, 323, 361. See Teaching, Explaining.

Asking 113, 292, 309. S^S QuIEstioning..

AsTONisfiMENT 288./ See w'ondbil^ Surfrizb^
Amazement.

Attention i6, 103, 106, 152, 153. See Rispbct»

£STIEM.

Authority 18, 72, 90, 91, 135^ 159^ i6u 163, 199,

2CI, 275, 338. See Commanding, Directing*

Ordering, Dictating. t

Aversion 24, 54, 55, loo> 101, 102, II2, lll> 145,

210, 222, 247, 266, 267, 274, 349» 3^. Sec

Hatred.
Awe, 65, 72, 80, 85, 109, 141, 154, 198, 2381, 280, 359.

3^3> 3^5* ^c^ Reverence, A&aR at i^-n* Res j»ict.

Esteem.

awkwardness 102. See CtovNisiiKKss, Ba8hpvl«

NESS, BlUNTNESS.

B

B Ash FULNESS 102. See Clo.wnishmbss,, Awk**
wardness, Bluntness.
Benevolencj; 137, 138. See Love, Kin dnesi.
Beseeching 66^ 67, 155, 365, 371. See Intr^atinc.
Blaming 101, 225, 226, 267, 271, 274, 304, 320, 323^

324, 325, 340, 341. See CmpiN.Qa^^BSVISliNBSS*

Blaspheming 150.

Bluntness 329,333. SfifiBA9»FVb9BSS> Awxwiaro*
NES$, Clownish Ni;sf.

BOASTIH

INDEX.

BOASTINO 18, 63, 130, 162, 229, 130. Sec PrIDI,

Affectation.
Bombast 160*
Buffoonery 15- Sec Humour, Mirth.

CAuTiOKiwo 90, 105, 162, 248, 259, 263, 290, 31!.
See ADVfsiKa> Alarm^ Warning.
Challenging 73, 74, 165, 183, 243,357. SeePRfDE^

Boasting, ChidIno.
Characters 129.
Charcii4g 258. 271, 358, 370* See AccusiNOi

Blaming, Chiding.
Cheerfulness 14. See Mirth, Humour.
Chiding 97,98, 164, 223, 224,229,230,232,252, 254,
313,-334. See Blaming, Accusing, Reproach* •
ing.
Clownishness 112. SeeBASHFULNEss, Awkwardness*
Comfort 79, 91, 141, 142, 179,180,209, 3551364.
Commanding 18,135,184,230,234. See Authority,

Ordering, Directing, Dictating.
CoMMENDATiok 2$, 1 84, 360, 320, 325, 3^6, 327, 344*

See Approbation, Praise, Admiration.
Complaint 24,60,70,71,78, 103, 104, 154, 208, 22ik,
224, 247, 260, 261,164, 276, 278, '2/0, 284, 286, 299,
315, 319, 366. See ANGursH, Agony, Grief.
Complaisance 132, 133,320. SeeKiNbNBsSj^CiviLiTY.
Complementing 166. See Complaisance.
Compunction 213. See Remorsji, Trouble, GuilT.

Self-con DEM NAT Ion.
Concern 69, 101, 102, 115, 250, 258, 2(^9, 289, 291,

370. See Anxiety, Grief, Anguish, Distress.
Condemning 19, 206. See Cn/Difro, Agcusino.
Confession 116. See Compunction.
CoNFiDENCp 50, 232, 276. Sec Courage, Self*

defence.
Confusion 125, 126, 137, 140, 177, 178, 205. See

Distress, Complaint, Compunction*
Congratulation 68, 69. See Joy.
Consideration 173, 280, 305, 308, 309.
Consultation 275. See Question, Asking.
Contemplation 141. See Consideration.
Contempt 59,63,64,74, 79,81, 86,87,89,98,99, 100,
loi, 102, 130, 143, 144, 165, 170, 171, 172, 192, 193,

C c 2 194,

i

I N D E X.

194, 195, 196, 216, 225, 227, 228, 229, 230, 240, 2^X,

i$\, 258, 277, 282, 301, 302, 306, 307, 321, 322, 3^3,

32s* 32^> 3*7* 33O' 33*» 344» 34S' 3S8-

Contriving 164. See Consultation^ Considera-
tion.

CotTRACE i8> 50, 86> 9^97> 107, 109, 134, 1429 171,

I95> 1969 208> 2IO9 216, 22l9 222> 250, 25I,254>275,

^7^y ^77> 281, 292, 295, 297, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304,
330, 33i» 346. See CoNFiDBNCE» Daring-
Craft 139, 256, 291. See Fawning, CaiNGixfc,

Surmising.
Cringing 113, 146, 147, 148. See Cra?t.
Cruelty 24, 19O9 1969 199, 20O9 20i, 204.
Curiosity 22j 104^ 141, 203. See Question.

DArinc 174. See Courage.
Death 26. See Fainting.
Declamation 53. See Authority, OAderikg.
Declaration 203, 257. See Explaining.
Declining 23c. See Refusing, Denying.
Dejection, do, 67, 87, 200, 2oi« 203. See Grief^

Anxiety, Trouble.
Deliberation 280. See Consideration.
Delight 15, 60, 114, 370. See Satispactiok,

Pleasure.
Demanding 342. See Insisting.
Denying 19, 160. See Refusing.
Deprecation 71,79, 117,131, 145* 209,215, 243, 244,

369. Sec Awe, Reverence, Piety, Apprehen«

blOX, Fr AR.

Description 54, 74, 76,79,106, 114,121, 174,208.

Desire 21, 141, 175, 176, 304, 305, 324, 337. Sec
Love, Delight, Pleasure.

Despair, 17, 71, 80, 148, 150, 151, 206, 207, 213, 214,
277,281,358. SccFear, Apprehension, Horror.

J)i-.spi:KAriON, or Fury, 290. See Anger, Peevish-
ness.

Dettrminino 233. See Insisting, Resolution.

Devotion 68, 185. See Reverence, Awe, Piety.

Dictating 82, 92. See Authority, Ordering^
Insisting.

Differing 19.

DiypiDENCE 280. See Anxiety, Fear, Trouble*

Dignity

INDEX.

DiCMiTT 152. See Esteem, Respect^ Riverenci^

Awe.
Directing io8> 124, 158, 159, i6i> 1639 190^ 204, 250^

336, 338. See Authority.
Disappointment i89> 2069228. See Vexation.
Disapprobation 69, 72* 178. See Displeasure*

Peevishness, Akger.
Discontent 170, 172, 173. Sec Trouble, Anxiett*

Peevishness.
Discovering 246, 296. See Horror, Surprize.
Dismissing 20, 148. See Approbation, Displba*

sure.
Displeasure 133, 155, 182. See An cer. Peevish-
ness.
Disputing 307.

Distraction 26. See Rage, Fury, Frenzy.
Distress, 97, 171, 178, 179, 180, 208, 263, 270, 275,

320, 334, 335. See Anguish, Griep, Vexation.
Dissuasion 280, 282, 343.
Dotage 26. See Weakness.
Doubting, 50, 161, 162, 197, 204, 221, 234^ 250, 256,

305. See Anxiety, Vexation.
Dread 263. See Fear, Terror, Fright, Trbm*

blinc.
Drunkenness i86.

Eagerness 130, 223* See Desire.
Earnestness 87, 89, 105, 112, 138, 139^247,

251, 257, 258, 294, 369. See Desire.
Encouraging 153, 161, 162, 250, 251, 283, 295, 2964

298, 303, 328, 363, 366. See Approbation.
Enquiry 15, 158, 159, 160, 161, 163, 164 165, 1759

178, 180, 306, 307, 309, 310. See Question.
Envy 24. See Aversion, Malice, Hatred.
Esteem 87, 341. See Respect.
Examination 334. See Question, Enquiry.
Exciting, 86, 88, 103, 114, 125, 170, 172, 178, 184,

215, 221, 224, 238, 239, 244, 248, 250, 251, 252, 262,

352,371. See Courage, Honour.
Exclamation i45« See Outcry*
Excusing 148.

Execration

I N D E X.

Execration S4» 97^ 189. See Hatiled> Avs«.stoir^

Anger> Rage.
Exhorting, i9> 86, 165, 249, 297. See Advice.
Expiring 131. , See Wearness, Faintikc, Death.
Explaining 1{}I, 260, 289, 318. See Teaching,

iNSTltUCTIOrf.
EXPROBRATION I55. . See REPROACHING.

FAINTING 26. See Weakness, ExpirInc»Deatu«
Fatigue 24, 286. See Weakness.

Fawning 231, 232, 257. See Flattery.

Fear 17, 52, 63, 65, 92, iii, 122^ 124, 125, 141, 153,
171* >74> 175> *76> 198,208,222,291, 293, 294, 3i8#
358,342, 352,355, 368,369. See Dread.

Fierceness 277, 279.

FiRli* NESS 133, 134, 142.

Flattery 174, 175, 176, 337. See Fawning.

Folly 26.

Foppery 130, 229, 230. See Afpectatiok, Pert-

NESS.

Forbidding 18,72,202,205,206. SeeDisPLSASVRB.

Forgiving 137.

Formality 130. See Affectation.

Frenzy 181.

Fright 338, 339. See Fear, Terror, Dread.

Fury 279, 289,290. See Anger, Rage.

s

Giving 21,85,205. See Granting.
Granting 20, 206, 207, 274. See Giving.
Gratitude 137,146, 170, 180, 193, 198,284, a86, 29 1 j

341. See Esteem, Respect.
Gravity 15. See Seriousness.
Grief 16, 87, 89, ig6, 107, 109, 131, 132,210,21X4
261, 263, 291, 362, 366, 369, 371. SeeANXiBTY^
Anguish, Vexation. 1
Guilt 152, I53> .I97> 213, 367. See Remor»b,
Horror, Compunction, Trouble* Selp«cqk-
drmnation. Obduracy.

Hastb

I N D E Xt

H

HAsTE I23> 126, 26i, 29i> 319. See Trepidatior,
Hurry.
Hatred 149, 157. See Aversion.
Honour 218. See Exciting.
Hope 21, 136, 185,213,214,250,255, 262. S|pPlba-

sure, Joy, Satisfaction.
Horror 55, 64,65, 81, 106, 107, 109, 137, 148, 153,

196, 259, 262, 263, 264, 481, 282, 290, 299, 352, 357,

308, 369. Sec Agony, Fright, Anguish*
Humility 117,191. See Modesty, Submission.
Humour 88, 158. See Mirth.
Hurry 52, 126, See Haste, Trepidation.
Hypocrisy 200, 203, 232, Sec Affectatioiu

Formality;

_/_

J

E>^LOV»Y 25^ 135»256, 259, 287. SeeAcoNT^Lovs,
Hatred, Horror, Complaint, Rage.
Imagination 174, 176. See Wonder.
Impatience 232, 312. See Vexation, Peevishness,

Anger.
Inculcating 184, 185. See Teaching, Insistino.
Indifference iio, hi, 114, 115, 256, 259, 314, 3.15.

See Tranquillity.
Indignation 254, 256, 300. See AngbR.
Informing 98, I04> no, 114, 128, 158, 159^238, 364.

See Teaching, Explaining, Instruction.
Insinuation 256, 206. See Fawning* Flattery.
Insisting, 225, 220, 227, 239. See Positiveness*

Authority, Ordering, Commanding.
Instruction 320, 321,323, 324^ 325, 327, 328, 331,

332. See Teaching, Authority, Explaining.
Insult 157, 211. See An g^r. Pride.
Intercession 199, 204, 212, 216. Sec Kindness,

Love, Pity.
Intoxication 23 i See Drunkenness.

iNTirt^TtNO J^, 89, 137, 154, 168, 169,. 171, 184^ JL85,
2<3t, 202, 2ICr, 223^ 224; 225, 226>'22^, 229, 230, 232,

*3S* *S5' *^' *6*> *^3' ^7' ?70i 284, i86> 293, 294.

, , ^ 308,

. . . ■- *-

\

1 N D E X.

308, 309, 312, 313, 319, 336, 338, 341. SecDit.

TitKss> L0VB9 Kindness.
Inviting 83, 123, I76> 234, 32a See Kindness.
Joy 15, 103, 104, 105, 137, 166, 169, 170, 174, 175,

176, 181, 198, 1Q9, 287, 312, 320, 340, 352, 360, 361,

364, 369. See rLEASUKi.
luRiTATiNG I34> 135. See Anger> Refiloachino^

AccufiNC.
Judging 19.

Ki

NDNEss 2i6« 234. See Inviting^ Affection*

Lamentation 69^ 70^ 180, 209, 244,2629 264, 334^
335> 34^* S^^ G&iEF, Anguish^ Distress,
Agony.
Listening 152, 172^335. SeeSERiousNEss^EsTEEM,
Gravity, Anxiety.

JLOVE2IiI70,I74f290« SecTENDERNESS,AFFECTJ01f»

M

MAJESTY 275. Sec Esteem, Respect.
Malice 24, 150, 200, 279, 287. See Hatred^

Aversion, Spiteful Joy.
Meditation 119. See Seriousness, Attention,

Anxiety.
Meekness 222. See Submission, Modesty.
Melancholy 16. See Grief, Anxiety, Concern,

Vexation, Distress.
Mirth 14, 294. SeeHuMouR.
Mock-praise 129. See Contempt.
Modesty 16. See Submission, Humility*

N

NARRATION 47, 48, SO, 51, 52. 55, 7«* 79» 'S^* »39«
145, 164, 171, 175, 180, 19b, 208, 211* 267, 269,
270> 271, 273, 289. See Explaining^ TEACHiNCt
Instruction.
Neglect ico, ioi. See Contempt.

OlSOVRACr

INDEX

OBdvuacy 150, 151, 213, 214. Sec Guilt.
Obsequiousness 92. See Submission^ Humili*
TY, Modesty.

Obstinacy 18, i999200,20i>202>203.SeeOBDURACY.

Offence hi, 133, 147, 148, 177. See Anger.

Offering 329, 332, 333.. See Giving, Granting*

Ordering 126. See Authority, Commanding, In-
sisting.

Ostentation 308. See Pride, Affectation.

Outcry 334, Sec Exclamation.

Pardoning 19. See Granting.
Passing sentence 203, 204.

Peevishness 24, 83, 89, 90, 92, 96, 97, 130, 341-
See Anger, Vexation.

Perplexity i&, 64. See Anxiety, Concern.

Persuasion 22, 180. See Advice. •

Pertnbss 146, 147. See Foppery.

Perturbation 287, 289. See Trouble, Anxiety,
Fear, Trepidation.

Petitioning 66. See In treating.

Piety 134, 138, 199. See Adoration, Reverikci.

Pity 16,54,106, 107,111, 159, 178, 180, 109, 200, 21 1»
232>235,237,24i, 243, 244, 266, 267, 269, 271, 274,
363, 304, 366, 372. See Sympathy.

Fleapikg 199, 200. See Intreating.

Pleasure 175, 202. See Joy^

Plotting 105, 170, 173, 196^ 197, 287, 290. See An-
xiety.

Politeness 116. See Civility.

Pomp 79. See Majesty.

Px}siTiV£NSss 307. See Insisting.

Praise 68, 94, 95, 168, 178. See Pibty, Approba-
tion, Commendation.

Praying 132. See Intreatino> Intbrcission.

f^t$$ifiQ J18. See Intreatino, Insisting.

D d * Pripi

1 N D E X.

* -

Pride i8, 88, 90, 130, 139, 143, i44»J49> *50' »70» «8j,
195, Z26, 3185, 306, 307, 308, 309, 321. Sec Coii-

TEMPT.

Promising z2» 192, 224. 235, 340. See Kindness,
Protesting 169, 293, 354. See Affirming.

OyEfTIOlf 51, 63, 75, 94, 89, 90» 98, 99, 101, lOS^
io3« 104, 109, iiOy III, 112. 115, iiB, 124, 12S,

143, 145, 171, 188, 189, 190, 194, 801» 204, 205, 206,

ao7, 227, 228, 229, 247, 256, 257, 258, Z9^, 291, 335»
364. See Enquiry.

^

RAgs 134, 15O9 277, s88» 290. See Anger.
Raillery 15. oee HumouRi Sarcasm.
Rant 160, i6i> 172. See Sombast.
Rapture 166, 1709 181, 370. See Piety> Jor^ LoTi,

Transport.
Recollection 82> 84, 1 19, 136, 145, 178, 181, 2$3> 278»

289, 295, 296, 304. See Seriousness, Consider A-

TiON, Reflexion.
Reconciliation 84, 132. See Kindness.
Reflexion 157,221. See Consideration, Remem*

BRANCH.

Refusing 20, 154, 156, 205, 224, 225, 226, 227, 229,
259, 296, 317, 318,319, 334. See Anger, Pbbvirh-

NESS.

Regret 148, 149,172,219,220,251,253,288,289,301,

|02. See Grief, Contern.
Relief 369. See Joy.
Reluctance 253, 258, 289, 295, 320, 334. See Avrr-

siOK, Hatred, Anger, Refusing.
Remonstrance 63,66,67,68,69,71,96, 97, 100, 136,

183, 185,216,217, 218, 219,220, 243,255, 270,271,

282^ 28c, 29J., 301, 327, 330, 331, 332, 354»3S6' 361,

362, 363, 368, 370, 371. See Arguing.
Remorse 17,67, 137, 166, 168, 169, 213. Sec Guilt.
Remembrance 174. See Reflexion.

Rf PROACHINC 97, 126, 133, 170, 215, 218, '219, 24SJ^

363. See Chiding.

3 BBrft07rv«

^ I N D E' X^

RiSprovikc 19, 84, 113, 11$, 124, i33> I45» 164^ iSz,
ipiy i94>20o^ 20(^205, 220>s5o> 251, 252,254, 2569
288, 289,307, 328^ 329, 332. See Chiding, Blaming,
Peevishness, Displeasure.

Resolution 68, 141, 143, 156, 157, 166,169, 175, 22B,
305. See Pi'rm NESS.

Respect ioi, 106, no, 116, 117, 118, 193, 315, 516,
3i7> 318, 319, 320. See Esteem, Reversncb.

Revenge 24. See ^n^er. Rage, Fury.

Reverence 202, 251^ 360. See Respect, Esteem.

Ridicule 82. See Contempt, Humour, Mirth.

RUSTICITV no. SeeBASHFULNESS, Clow^ishk£5S9
AWKWARDNESS4

SARCASM 135, 255, 359. See Reproaching.
Satisfaction 141, 142, 308, 310. See Tranquil-
lity, Joy, Pleasure, Approbation.

Seieinc 335. SecANGER.

Self-condemnation 117, 137, 148, 149^ 1^0, 179, 288.
See Remorse, Guilt.

6elf-dbfemcs 97; 134, 156, 162,163,191, 192, 193,195,
230, 232, 236, 328, 334, 338, 339, 343. See Apology.

Self-denial 167, 169. See Modesty.

Sense of injury 289. See Offence,' Complaint,
Vexation.

Seriousness 119, 134, 160, 198,202. See Attention,
Concern.

SHAikflE 17, 137,167; 168, 218, 252, 254, 255, 362, 371*

Shock 270.

Shuddering 295. " - ' '

Sickness 26, 131, 172.

Sincerity 220. -

Sloth 23.

Smartness 159, i6i. '

Smoothness 130.

Sneaking 130, 205.

Sneer 61, 91, 99, 129, 156^ I9i;2l8, I25, 4t6«

Softness 362.

Solicitation 67, 265.

Soothing 288, 290.

Spiteful joy 188, 189, 190.

Starting 168, 196, 197, 247.

D d 2 Stirn-

I N D E X,

Sternmess 1S5.

Stiffness 315. *

Strutting 130. See Prid£> A.ffectatiok,Forma«

LITY.

Submission 67, 79, 83, 84, 96, 135, 136, xC4>x63, 166,
167, 199, 224, 249, 2&0, 261, 263, 266, 207, 274, 284,
337,340. Sec Humility, Modesty,

Suffering lOi. See Complaint.

Sullenness 136. See Peevishness.

Surmising 256, 2$7. See Craft.

Surprise 83, 85, 11 1, 126^ I28» 136, 145, 147* tj^S,z88,
^91* 3'3> 31^ 338, 340. See Wonder* Astonish-
ment, Amazbmei4t.

Suspicion 1539257,294. See Doubting^ Anxietv«

Sympathy 154, 259. See Pity.

Teaching 19,61,71,86,87,90,98,99, 102, 130,
159» 185, 206,237, 238, 346*349*361. See£x«

plaining. Instruction, Inculcating.
Tempting 22, 176. SeeFAWNiNc, Wheedling.
Tknderness 16S, 169^ 198, 199, 211, 212, 299, 372.

Sec Love*.
Terror 77, 155, 214,246, 281,295, 33^* 367. ScO

Fear, Dread, Fright, Trembling.
Thirst of blood 203, 204. SeeCRUELTY-
Thouchtfulness 222. See Anxiety, Concern.
Threatening 73, 85, 122, 143, 144,147,165,200,204,

207, 224, 228,234,260,288, 3i503*» 334» 538*339»

342, 343. See Anger* Ragb^ Offence.
Tranquillity 14.
Transport 170, 177. SeeRAFTUR£«r
Trembling 246, 293, 338. See Fear.
Trepidation 52,64,77,80, 81, 85, 108, 109,123, 125,

131, 136, 168,357. SeeHASTE, Anxiety, CoNCBRu,

Trouisle.
Triumph 142, 205, 207, 321. See Joy, Pride*
Trouble 174. See Distress.
Trouble of confcicace 152. See RsjuoRSt.

y£KE4

rf

i

INDEX.

VENERATION 20, 74, 75, 87, 93, 94, 141, 351, 37^.
See Praise, Adoration, Piety.
Vexation 16,78,91,103, 104, 123,126,127,128,138,
145, 146, 147, 1^8, 164, 188, 189,215,216,217,221,
222, 226, 227, 229, 235, 288, 290, 291, 295, 296, 297,
304, 305,309,310, 311, 312,313,316,342, 343. Sc«
Concern, Anxiety, Trouble.
Vindication 178. See Self-defence, Kindness^
■ of an enemy 149.

W

Walking in (leep 23, 153.
Warning S8, 107, 1^, 155, 165, 184, 185,297,

298, 300, 320, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 344, 355, 363,

371. See Alarm.
Weakness 131, 132, 364. Sec Fainting.
Weeping 132, 335, 340. See Grief.
Welcoming 201. SeeKiNDNEss«
Wheedling 148,174,231. See Flattery.
Whispering 231. See Anxiety.
Wonder 21, 52, 54,58, 59, 68,84,86, 89,90,102, 104,

no. III, 114, 128, 152, 167, 171, 172, 175, 178, 196,

272, 273,293,306,309,313,335,368. See Surprise,

Admiration^ Astonishment.

X IBLDINC205. See AoRBEiN?3.

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